THE Proposed Revised Constitution AS ADOPTED BY THE y,?rk CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, U At the City of Albany, SEPTEMBER 28th. 1894r V . ' '/ y ',ir ,We, the people of the State of New York, grateful to AlmighVf A God for our freedom, in order to secure its blessings, do '% establish this Constitution. ARTICLE L 1 Section i. No member of this State shall be disfranchised, 2 or deprived of any of the rights or privileges secured to any 3 citizen thereof, unless by the l aw^of the land, or the judgment 4 of his peers. 1 Section 2. The trial by jury in all cases in which it has 2 been he;i'etofore used shall remain inviolate forever; but a jury 3 trial may be waived by the parties in all civil cases in tlie man- 4 ner to be prescribed by law. 1 Section 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious 2 profession and worship, without discrimination or preference,. 3 shall forever be allowed in this State to all mankind; and nc 4 person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on 5 account of his opinions on matters of religious belief; but the 6 liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construec 7 as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices incon- 8 sistent with the peace or safety of this State. 1 Section 4. The privilege of the vrrit of habeas corpus shal 2 not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or inva 3 sion, the public safety may require its suspension. 1 Section 5. Excessive bail shall not be required nor cxces 2 sive fines imposed, nor shall cruel and unusual punishtnent: 3 be inflicted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. ,J42,747i tH8 5 )a.94p 1 Section 6. No person shall be held to answer for a capital 2 or otherwise infamous crime (except in cases of impeachment, 3 cases of militia when in actual service, and the land and , 4 naval forces in time of war, or which this State may keep with 5 the consent of Congress in time of peace, and in cases of petit 6 larceny, under the regulation of the Legislature), unless on 7 presentment or indictment of a grand jury, and in any trial 8 in any court whatever the party accused shall be allowed to . 9 appear and defend in person and with counsel as in civil 10 actions. No person shall be subject to be twa’ce put in jeop- 11 ardy for the same offense; nor shall he be compelled in any 12 criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived 13 of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor 14 sliall private property be taken for public use, witliout just 15 compensation. 1 Section 7. When private property shall be taken for any 2 public use, the compensation to be made therefor, when such 3 compensation is not made by the State, shall be ascertained by 4 a jury or by not less than three commissioners appointed I'ly a 5 court of record, as shall be prescribed by law. Private roads 6 6 7 8 may be opened in the manner to be prescribed by law; but in every case the necessity of the road and the amount of all damage to be sustained by the opening thereof shall be first determined by a jury of freeholders, and such amount, together with the expenses of the proceeding, shall be paid by the per- son to be benefited. General laws may be passed permitting the owners or occupants of agricultural lands to construct and maintain for the drainage thereof, necessary drains, ditches and dyk'es upon the lands of others, under proper restrictions and with just compensation, but no special laws shall be enacted for such purposes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Section 8. Every citizen may freely speak, write and pub- lish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions or indictments for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted; and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the fact. i I Section 9. No law shall be passed abridging the right of 2 the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the govern- 3 ment, or any department thereof; nor shall any divorce be 4 granted otherwise than by due judicial proceedings; nor shall 5 any lottery or the sale of lottery tickets, pool-selling, book-| 6 making, or any other kind of gambling hereafter be authorized 7 or allowed within this State; and the I.egislature shall pass 8 appropriate laws to prevent offenses against any of the provw 9 sions of this section, 1 Section 10. The people of this State, in their right of sov- 2 ereignty are deemed to possess the original and ultimate prop- , 3 erty in and to all lands within the jurisdiction of the State; , 4 and all lands the title to which shall fail, from a defect of heirs, I 5 shall revert, or escheat to the people. f I \ I Section II. All feudal tenures of every description, with all 5 [ 2 their incidents, are declared to be abolished, saving, however, 3 all rents and services certain which at any time heretofore 4 have been lawfully created or reserved. 8 1 Section 12. All lan'ds within this State are declareci to be 2 allodial, so that^ subject onljr to the liability to escheat, the 3 entire and absolute property is vested in the owners, accord 4 ing to the nature of their respective estates, 1 Section 13. 'No lease' or grant of agi-icultural land, for a 2 longer period than twelve years, hereafter made, in which shall 3 be reserved any rent or service of any kind, shall be valid. 1 Section 14. All fines, quarter-sales, or other like restraints 2 upon alienation, reserved in any grant of land hereafter to be 3 made, shall be void, y 1 Section 15. No purchase or contract for the sale of lands 2 in this State, made since the fourteenth day of October, one 3 thousand seven hundred and seventy-fivej or which may here- 4 after be made, of, or with the Indians, shall be valid, unless 5 made under the authority, and with the consent of the 6 Legislature. , ' 1 Section 16. Such parts of the common law, and of the acts 2 of the Legislature of the Colony of New York, as together did 9 , 3 form the law of the said colony, on the nineteenth day of 4 * April, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, and the 5 resolutions of the Congress of the said colony, and of the con- 6 vention of the State of New; lYork, in force on the twentieth 7 day of April, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, 8 which have not since expired, or been repealed or altered; 9 and such acts of the Legislature of this State as are now in 10 force, shall be and continue the law of this State, subject to m such alterations as the Legislature shall make concerning the '12 same. But all such parts of the common law, and such of the 13 said acts, or parts thereof, as are repugnant to this Constitution, 114 are hereby abrogated, , ii Section 17. All grants of land within this State, made by ' 2 the king of Great Britain, or persons acting under his 3 authority, after the fourteenth day of October, one thousand 4 seven hundred and seventy-five} shall be null and void; but '5 nothing contained in this Constitution shall affect any grants 6 of land within this State, made by the authority of the said 7 king or his predecessors, or shall annul any charters to bodies 8 politic and corporate, by him or them made, before that day; 10 9 or shall affect any sucli grants or charters since made by this « 10 State, or by persons acting under its authority j or shall impair 11 the obligation of any debts contracted by the State, or indi- 12 viduals, or bodies corporate, or any other rights of property, 13 or any suits, actions, rights of action, or other proceedings in 14 courts of justice. 1 Section 18. The right of action now existing to recover 2 damages for injuries resulting in death, shall never be abro- 3 gated ; and the amount recoverable shall not be sufiject to any 4 statutory limitation. y: . : iAiaicLE II. !l Section I. Every male citizen of the age of twenty-one 2 years, who shall have been a citizen for ninety days, and an 3 inhabitant of this State one year next preceding an election, 4 and for the last four months a resident of the county, and for 5 the last thirty days a resident of the election district in which 6 he may offer his vote, shall be entitled to vote at such election 7 in the election district of which he shall at the time be a resi- 8 dent, and not elsewhere, for all officers that now are or here- 9 after may be elective by the people, and upon all questions 10 which may be submitted to the vote of the people; provided 11 that in time of war no elector in the actual military service of 12 the State, or of the United States, in the army or navy thereof, 13 shall be deprived of his vote by reason of his absence from 14 such election district; and the Legislature shall have power to 15 provide the manner in which and the time and place at which 16 such absent electors may vote, and for the return and canvass 17 of their votes in the election districts in which they respectively 18 reside. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 i6 1/ iS 19 12 Section 2. *No person who shall receive, accept, or offer to receive, or pay, offer or promise to pay, .contribute, offer or promise to contribute to another, to be paid or used, any money or other valuable thing as a compensation or reward for the giving or withholding a vote at an election, or v;ho shall make any promise to influence the giving or withholding any such vote, or who shall make or become directly or indi- rectly interested in any bet or wager depending upon the result of any election, shall vote at such election; and upon challenge for such cause, the person so challenged, before the officers authorized for that purpose shall receive his vote, shall swear or affirm, before such officers that he has not received or offered, does not expect to receive, has not paid, offered or promised to pay, contributed, offered or promised to con- tribute to another, to be paid or used, any money or other valuable thing as a compensation or reward for the giving or withholding a vote at such election, and has not made any promise to influence the giving or withholding of any such vote, nor made or become directly or indirectly interested in 13 20 any bet or wager depending upon the result of such election. 21 The Legislature shall enact laws excluding from the right of 22 suffrage all persons convicted of bribery or of any infamous 23 crime, • ^ I Section 3. For tlie purpose of voting, no person shall be 2 deemed to have gained or lost a residence, by reason of his 3 presence or absence, while employed in the service of the 4 United Statesj nor while engaged in the navigation of the 5 waters of this State, or of the United States, or of the high 6 seas; nor while a student of any seminary of learning; nor 7 while kept at any alms-house or other asylum, or institution 8 wholly or partly supported at public expense or by charity; 9 nor while confined in any public prison. 1 Section 4. Laws shall be made for ascertaining, by proper 2 proofs, the citizens who shall be entitled to the right of suffrage 3 hereby established, and for the registration of voters; which 4 registration shall be completed at least ten days before each 5 election; Such registration shall not be required for town and 14 6 village elections except by express provision of law. In cities 7 and villages having five thousand inhabitants or more, accord- 8 ing to the last preceding state enumeration of inhabitants, 9 voters shall be registered upon personal application only; but 10 voters not residing in such cities or villages shall not be 11 required to apply in person for regwtration at the first meeting 12 of the officers having charge of the registry of voters. r Section 5. All elections by the citizens, except for such 2 town officers as may by law be directed to be otherwise chosen, 3 shall be by ballot, or by such other method as may be pre- 4 Scribed by law, provided that secrecy in voting be preserved. 1 Section 6. All laws creating, regulating or aflecting boards 2 or officers charged with the duty of registering voters, or of 3 distributing ballots at the polls to voters, or of receiving, 4 recording or counting votes at elections, shall secure equal ^ 5 representation of the two political parties which, at the general 6 election next preceding that for which such boards or officers 7 are to serve, cast the highest and the next highest number 8 of votes. All such boards and officers shall be. appointed or 9 elected in such manner, and upon the nomination of such 10 representatives of said parties respectively, as the Legislature II! may direct. Existing laws on this subject shall continue 12 until the Legislature shall otherwise provide. This sectioij 12 shall not apply to town meetings, or lo villngc 2 1 ! 2 3 4 5 6 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 ARTICLE III. Section i. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in the Senate and Assembly, Section 2. The Senate shall consist of fifty members, except as hereinafter provided. The Senators elected in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five shall hold their offices for three years, and their successors shall be chosen for two years. The Assembly shall consist of one hundred and fifty members who shall be chosen for one year. Section 3. The State shall be divided into fifty districts to be called senate districts, each of which shall choose one senator. The districts shall be numbered from one to fifty, inclusive. District number one (i) shall consist of the counties of Suffolk and Richmond. District number two (2) shall consist of the county of Queens. District number three (3) shall consist of that part of the 17 10 county of Kings comprising the first, second, third, fourth, 11 fifth and sixth wards of the city of Brooklyn. 12 District number four (4) shall consist of that part of the 13 county of Kings comprising the seventh, thirteenth, nineteenth 14 and twenty-first wards of the city of Brooklyn. 15 District number five (5) shall consist of that part of the 16 county of Kings comprising the eighth, tenth, twelfth and 17 thirtieth wards of the city of Brooklyn, and the ward of the 18 city of Brooklyn which was formerly the town of Gravesend. 19 District number six (6) shall consist of that part of the 20 county of Kings comprising the ninth, eleventh, twentieth and 21 twenty-second wards of the city of Brooklyn. 22 District number seven (7) shall consist of that part of the 23 county of Kings comprising the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth 24 and seventeenth wards of the city of Brooklyn. 25 District number eight (8) shall consist of that part of the 26 county of Kings comprising the twenty-third, twenty-fourth, 27 t\venty-fifth and twenty-ninth wards of the city of BrooklMi, 28 and the town of Flatlands. 29 District number nine (9) shall consist of that part of the 30 county of Kings comprising the eighteenth, twenty-sixth, 2 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 18 twenty-seventh and twenty-elghtH wards of the city of Brooklyn. District^ number ten (lo) shall consist of that part of tha county of New York within and bounded by aline beginning at Canal street and the Hudson river, and running thence along Canal street,! Hudson street, Dominick street, Varick street, Broome street, Sullivan street, Spring street, Broadway, Canal street, the Bowery, Division street. Grand street and Jackson street, to the East river and thence around the southern end of Manhattan Island, to the place of beginning, and also Governor’s, Bedlow’s and Ellis islands. District number eleven (il) shall consist of that part of the county of New York lying north of district number ten, and within and bounded by a line beginning at the junction of Broadway and Canal street, and running thence along Broad- way, Fourth street, the Bowery and Third avenue, St Mark’s place. Avenue A, Seventh street. Avenue B, Clinton street, Rivington street, Norfolk street, Division street. Bowery and Canal street, to the place of beginning. District number twelve (12) shall consist of that part of tlie county of New York lying north of districts numbers ten and 19 52 eleven and within and bounded by a line beginning at Jackson 53 street and the East river, and running thence through Jackson 54 street, Grand street, Division street, Norfolk street, Riving- 55 ton street, Clinton street, Avenue B, Seventh street. Avenue A, 56 St. Mark’s place. Third avenue. East Fourteenth street to the 57 East river, and along the East river, to the place of beginning. 58 District number thirteen (13) shall consist of that part of 59 the county of New York lying north of district number ten, 60 and within and bounded by a line beginning at the Hudson 61 river at the foot of Canal street, and running thence along 62 Canal street, Hudson street, Dominick street, Varick street, 63 Broome street, Sullivan street. Spring street, Broadway, Fourth 64 street, the Bowery and Third avenue, Fourteenth street. Sixth 65 avenue. West Fifteenth street. Seventh avenue. West Nine- 66 teenth street. Eighth avenue. West Twentieth street, and the 67 Hudson river, to the place of beginning. 68 District number fourteen (14) shall consist of that part of 69 the county of New York lying north of districts numbers 70 twelve and thirteen, and within and bounded by a line begin- 71 ning at East Fourteenth street and the East river, and running 72 thence along East Fourteenth street, Irving place. East 20 73 Nineteenth street, Third avenue, East Tvs^enty-third street, 74 Lexington avenue, East Fifty-third street. Third avenue. East 75 Fifty-second street, and the East river to the place of 76 beginning. 77 District number fifteen (15) shall consist of that part of the 78 county of New York lying north of district number thirteen, 79 and within and bounded by a line beginning at the junction of 80 West Fourteenth street and Sixth avenue, and running thence 81 along Sixth avenue. West Fifteenth street. Seventh avenue, 82 West Fortieth street, Eighth avenue, and the transverse road 83 across Central park at Ninety-seventh street. Fifth avenue. East 84 Ninety-sixth street, Lexington avenue, East Twenty-third 85 street. Third avenue. East Nineteenth street, Irving place and 86 Fourteenth street, to the place of beginning. 87 District number sixteen (16) shall consist of that part of tlie 88 county of New York lying north of district number thirteen, 89 and within and bounded by a line beginning at Seventh avenue. 90 and West Nineteenth street, and running thence along West 91 Nineteenth street. Eighth avenue, West Twentieth street, the 92 Hudson river. West Forty-sixth street, Tenth avenue- West 21 93 Forty-third street, Eighth n-veniie. West Fortieth Strcet and 94 Seventh avenue, to the place of beginning. 95 District number seventeen (17) shall consist of that part of 96 the county of New York lying north of district number six- 97 teen, and within and bounded by a line beginning at the 98 junction of Eighth avenue and West Forty-third street, and 99 running thence along West Forty-third street, Tenth avenue, 100 West Forty-sixth street, the Hudson river. West Eighty-ninth 101 street, Tenth or Amsterdam avenue. West Eighty-sixth street, 102 Ninth or Columbus avenue, West Eighty-first street and 103 Eighth avenue, to the place of beginning. 104 District number eighteen (18) shall consist of that part of 105 the county of New York lying north of district number four- 106 teen, and within and bounded by a line beginning at the junc- 107 tion of East Fifty-second street and the East river, and running 108 thence along East Fifty-second street, Third avenue. East 109 Fifty-third street, Lexington avenue, East Eiglit} -fourtli street, no Second avenue. East Eighty-third street and the East river, 111 to the place of beginning; and also Blackwell’s island. 1 12 District number nineteen (19) shall consist of that part of 1 13 the county ot New York lying nortli of district number seven- 114 1 15 ii6 1 17 118 119 120 i^i 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 22 teen, and within and bounded by a line b'eginningf at West Eighty-ninth street and the Hudson river, and running thence along the Hudson river and Spuyten Duyvil creek around the northern end of Manhattan island; thence southerly along the Harlem river to the north end of Fifth avenue; thence along Fifth avenue, East One Hundred and Twenty-nintH street, Fourth or Park avenue, East One Flundred and Tenth street. Fifth avenue, the transverse road across Central park at Ninety-seventh street, Eighth avenue. West Eighty-first street, Ninth or Columbus avenue. West Eighty-sixth street. Tenth' or Amsterdam avenue and West Eighty-ninth street, to the place of beginning. . District number twenty (20) shall consist of that part of the county of New York lying north of districts numbers eighteen and fifteen, and within and bounded by a line beginning at East Eighty-third street and the East river, running thence through East Eiglity-third street. Second avenue, East Eighty- fourth street, Lexington avenue, East Ninety-sixth street, Fifth avenue, East One Hundred and Tenth street, Fourth or Park avenue. East One Hundred and Nineteenth street to the Hai’lem river, and along the Harlem and East rivers, to the 23 135 place of beginning; and also Randall’s island and Ward’s 136 island. 137 All of the above districts In the county of New York 138 bounded upon or along the boundary waters of the county, 139 shall be deemed to extend to the county line. 140 District number twenty-one (21) shall consist of that part 141 of the county of New York lying north of districts numbers 142 nineteen and twenty, within and bounded by a line beginning ,143 at East One Hundred and Nineteenth street and the Harlem 144 river, and running thence along East One Hundred and 145 Nineteenth street, Fourth or Park avenue, One Hundred and 146 Twenty-ninth street. Fifth avenue and the Harlem river, to 147 tfie place of beginning; and all that part of the county of New 148 York not hereinbefore described. 149 150 District number twenty-two (22) shall consist of the coun D of Westchester. 15 1 District number twenty-three (23) sliall consist of the 152 counties of Orange and Rockland. 153 District number twenty-four (24) shall consist of the coun- 154 ties of Dutchess, Columbia and Putnam. 155 156 157 158 159 i6o i6i 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 >169 170 171 172 m ^74 24 District number twenty-five (25) shall consist of the counties of Ulster and Greene. ,i- District number twenty-six (26) shall consist of the counties of Delaware, Chenango and Sullivan. District number cwenty-seven (27) shall consist of the counties of Montgomery, Fulton, Hamilton and Schoharie. District number twenty-eight (28) shall consist of the counties of Saratoga, Schenectady and Washington. District number twenty-nine (29) shall consist of the county of Albany. District number thirty (30) shall consist of the county of Rensselaer. District number thirty-one (31) shall consist of the* counties of Clinton, Essex and Warren. District number thirty-two (32) shall consist of the counties of St. Lawrence and Franklin. District number thirty-three (33) shall consist of the counties of Otsego and Herkimer. District number thirty-four (34) shall consist of the county of Oneida. 25 175 District number thirty-five (35) shall consist of the counties 176 of Jefferson and Lewis. 177 District number thirty-six (36) shall consist of the county of 1178 Onondaga. ' 179 District number thirty-seven (37) shall consist of the counites 180 of Oswego and Madison. , 181 ^ District number thirty-eight (38) shall consist of the counties 182 of Broome, Cortland and Tioga. 183 District number thirty-nine (39) shall consist of the counties 184 of Cayuga and Seneca. 185 District number forty (40) shall consist of the counties of 186 Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler. 187 District number forty-one (41) shall consist of the counties « 188 of Steuben and Yates. 189 District number forty-tw(^ (42) shall consist of the counties 190 of Ontario and Wayne. 191 District number forty-tliree (43) shall consist of that part of 192 the county of Monroe comprising the towns of Brighton, 193 Henrietta, Irondequoit, Mendon, Penrield, Perinton, Pittsford, 194 Rush and Webster, and the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth, 195 twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth and 196 197 iqS 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 ^210 211 212 213 214 2T5 2 G eighteenth wards of the city of Rochester, as at present constituted. District number forty-four (44) shall consist of that part of of the county of Monroe comprising the towns of Chili, Clark- son, Gates, Greece, Hamlin, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden and Wheatland, and the first, second, third, fifth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, fifteenth, nineteenth and twentieth wards of the city of Rochester, as at present constituted. District number forty-five (45) sliall consist of the counties of Niagara, Genesee and Orleans. District number forty-six (46) shall consist of the counties of Allegany, Livingston and Wyoming. District number forty-seven (47) shall consist of that part of the county of Erie comprising the first, second, third, sixth, fifteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third and twenty-fourth wards of the city of Buffalo, as at present constituted. District number forty-eight (4S) shall consist of that part of the county of Eric comprising the fourth, fifth, seventh, .eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth 2i6 217, 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 * 27 # and sixteenth wards of the city of Buffalo, as at present constituted. ^ District number forty-nine (49) shall consist of that part of the county of Erie comprising the seventeenth, eighteenth and twenty-fifth wards of the city of Buffalo, as at present consti- tuted; and all the remainder of the said county of Erie not hereinbefore described. District number fifty (50) shall consist of the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus. Section 4. An enumeration of the inhabitants of the State shall be taken under the direction of the Secretary of State, during the months of Alay and June, in the year one thou- sand nine hundred and five, and in the same months every tenth year thereafter; and the said districts vshall be so altered by the Legislature at the first regular session after the return of every enumeration, that each senate district shall contain as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, and be in as compact form as practicable, and shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration, and shall at all times, consist of contiguous territory, and no county shall be divided In the formation of a senate district except to 28 13 make two or more senate disti'icts wholly in such county. 14 No town, and no block in a city inclosed by streets or public 15 ways, shall be divided in the formation of senate districts; 16 nor shall any district contain a greater excess in population 17 over an adjoining district in the same county, than the popu- 18 lation of a town or block therein, adjoining such district. 19 Counties, towns or blocks which, from their location, may be 20 included in either of two districts, shall be so placed as to 21 make said districts most nearly equal in number if inhabit- 22 ants, excluding aliens. 23 No county shall have four or more senators unless it shall 24 have a full ratio for each senator. No county shall liavc more 25 than one-third of all the senators; and no two counties or the 26 territory thereof as now organized, which are adjoining coun- 27 ties, or which are separated only by public waters, shall have 28 more than one-half of all the senators. 29 The ratio for apportioning senators shall always be obtained 30 by dividing the number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, by 31 fifty, and the Senate shall always be composed of fifty mem- 32 bers, except that if any county having three or more senators 33 at the time of any apportionment shall be entitled on sucii 34 35 36 37 I o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IT 12 13 T4 15 1 6 * 17 29 ratio to an additional senator or senators, such additional senator or senators shall be given to such county in addition to the fifty senators, and the v;holc number of senators shall be ina'eased to that extent. Section 5. The members of the Assembly shall be chosen by single districts, and shall be apportioned by the Legislature at the first regular session after the return of every enumera- tion among the several counties of the State, as nearly as may be according to the number of their respective inhabitants, excluding aliens. Ever}' county heretofore established and separately organized, except the county of Hamilton, shall always be entitled to one member of assembly, and no county shall hereafter be erected unless its population shall entitle it to a member. The county of Hamilton shall elect with the count}- of Fulton, until the population of the county of Elam- ilton shall, according to the ratio, entitle it to a member. But the Legislature may abolish the said county of Hamilton and annex the territory thereof to some other county or counties. The quotient obtained by dividing the whole number of inhabitants of the State, excluding aliens, by the numbver of members of assembly, shall be the ratio for apportionment, 30 18 which shall be made as follows: One member of assembly 19 shall be apportioned to evtiry county, including Fulton and 20 Hamilton as one county, containing less than the ratio and 21 one-half over. Two members shall be apportioned to every 22 other county. The remaining members of assembly shall be 23 apportioned to the counties having more than two ratios 24 a according to the number of inhabitants, excluding aliens. 25 Members apportioned on remainders shall be apportioned to 26 the counties having the highest remainders in the order 27 thereof respectively. No county shall have more members of 28 assembly than a county having a greater number of inhab- 29 itaiits, excluding aliens. 30 Until after the next enumeration, members of the Assembly 31 shall be apportioned to the several counties as follows; 32 Albany county, four members; Allegany county, one member; 33 Broome county, two members; Cattaraugus county, two mem- 34 bers; Cayuga county, two members; Chautauqua county, 35 two members; Chemung county, one member; Chenango 36 county, one member; Clinton county, one member; Columbia 37 county, one member; Cortland county, one member; Dela- 38 ware county, one member; Dutchess county, two members; 31 f 39 Ene' coun?y, leigHt' members; Essex county, one member; I f 40 Franklin county, one member; Fulton and Hamilton coun- jdeSj one member; Genesee county, one member; Greene •42 county, one member; Herkimer county, one member; Jeffer- s' 43 son county, two members; Kings county, twenty-one mem- 44 bers; Lewis county, one member; Livingston county, one 45 member; Madison county, one member; Monroe county, four 46 members; Montgomery county, one member; New York 47 j county, thirty-five members; Niagara county, two members; 4a Dneida county, three members; Onondaga county, four mem- 49 bers; Ontario county, one member; Orange county, two 50 members; Orleans county, one member; Oswego county, '5I' two members; Otsego county, one member; Putnam county, 52 one member; Queens county, three members; Rensselaer 53 county, three members; Richmond county, one member; 54 Rockland county, one m.ember; St. Lawrence county, two 55 members; Saratoga county, one member; Schenectady county, 56 one member; Schoharie county, one member; Schuyler 57 county, one member; Seneca county, one member; Steuben '58 county, two members; Suffc.ik county, two members; Sul- 59 livan county, one member; Tioga county, one member; 60 Tompkins county, one member; Ulster county, two members; 61 Warren county, one member; Washington county, one mem- 62 ber; Wayne county, one member j Westchester county, three 63 members; Wyoming county, one member, and Yates county, 64 one member. 65 In any county entitled to more than one member, the board 66 of supervisors, and in any city embracing an entire county 67 and having no board of supervisors, the common council, or 68 if there be none, the body exercising the powers of a common 69 council, shall assemble on the second Tuesday of June, one 70 thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, and at such times as 71 the Legislature making an apportionment shall prescribe, and 72 divide such counties into assembly districts as nearly equal in 73 number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, as may be, of conve- 74 nient and contiguous territory in as compact form as prac- 75 ti cable, each of which shall be wholly within a senate district 76 formed under the same apportionment, equal to the number 77 of members of assembly to which such county shall be cnti- 78 tied, and shall cause to be filed in the office of the Secretary 79 of State and of the clerk of such county, a description of such 80 districts, specifying the number of each district and of tlie 8i 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 iOl 33 inhabitants thereof, excluding aliens, according to the last preceding enumeration; and such apportionment and districts shall remain unaltered untfl another enumeration shall be made, as herein provided; but said division of the city of Brooklyn and the county of Kings to be made on the second Tuesday of June, one thousand eight hundred and ninety- five, shall be made by the common council of said city and the board of supervisors of said county, assembled in joint session. In counties having more than one senate district, the same number of assembly districts shall be put in each senate district, unless the assembly districts cannot be evenly divided among the senate districts of any county, in which case one more assembly district shall be put in the senate district in such county having the largest, or one less assembly district shall be put in the senate dish'ict in such county having the smallest number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, as the case may require. No town, and no block in a city inclosed by streets or public ways, shall be divided in the formation of assembly districts, nor shall any district ^ contain a greater excess in population over an adjoining district in tlie same senate district, than the population of a town or block therein 3 102 103 104 105 io6 107 108 109 no III 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 I 34 adjoining such assembly district. Towns or blocks whicK, from their location, may be included in either of two districts, shall be so placed as to make said districts most nearly equal in number of inhabitants, excluding aliens; but in the division of cities under the first apportionment, regard shall be had to the number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, of the election districts according to the state enumeration of one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, so far as may be, instead of blocks. Nothing in this section shall prevent the division, at any time, of counties and towns, and the erection of new towns by the Legislature. An apportionment by the Legislature, or other body, shall be subject to review by the supreme court, at the suit of any citizen, under such reasonable regulations as the Legislature ff may prescribe; and any court before which a cause may be pending involving an apportionment, shall give precedence thereto over all other caf!ses and proceedings, and if said court be not in session it shall convene promptly for the disposition of the same. Section 6. Each member of the Legislature shall receive for his services an annual salary of one thousand five hundred 35 3 "dollars. The members of either house shall also receive the 4 sum of one dollar for every ten miles they shall travel in going 5 to and returning from their place of meeting, once in each ses- 6 sion, on the most usual route. Senators, when the Senate 7 alone is convened in extraordinary session, or when serving as 8 members of the Court for the Trial of Impeachments, and 9 such members of the Assembly, not exceeding nine in num- 10 ber, as shall be appointed managers of an impeachment, shall 11 receive an additional allowance of ten dollars a day. 1 Section 7. No member of the Legislature shall receive any 2 civil appointment within this State, or the Senate of the United 3 States, from the Governor, the Governor and Senate, or from 4 the Legislature, or from any city government, during the time d 5 for which he shall have been elected; and all such appoint- 6 ments and all votes given for any such member for any such 7 office or appointment shall be void. 1 Section 8. No person .shall be eligible to the Legislature, 2 who at the time of his election, is, or within one hundred days 3 previous thereto has been, a member of Congress, a civil or D 4 military oiheer under the United States, or kn officer under 36 5 any city government. And if any person shall, after his elec- 6 tion as a member of the Legislature, be elected to Congress, # 7 or appointed to any office, civil or military, under the govern- 8 meiit of the United States, or under any city government, his 9 acceptance thereof shall vacate his seat 1 Section 9. The elections of senators and members of assem- 2 bly, pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution, shall be 3 held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of Novein- 4 ber, unless otherwise directed by the Legislature. 1 Section 10. A majority of each house shall constitute 'a 2 quorum to do business. Each house shall determine the rules 3 of its own proceedings, and be the judge of the elections, 4 returns and qualifications of its own members; shall choose 5 its own officers; and the Senate shall choose a temporary 6 president to preside in case of the absence or impeachment of 7 the Lieutenant-Governor, or when he shall refuse to act as 8 president, or shall act as Governor, 1 Section ii. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- 2 ings, and publish the same, except such parts as may require 37 3 secrecy. The doors of each house shall be kept open, except 4 when the public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house 5 shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than 6 two days. ' 1 Section I2. For any speech or debate in either house c"i 2 the Legislature, the members shall not be questioned in any 3 other place. 1 Section 13. Any bill may originate in either house of the 2 Legislature, and all bills passed by one house may be amended 3 by the other. 1 Section 14. The enacting clause of all bills shall be “The 2 People of the State of New York,, represented in Senate and 3 Assembly, do enact as follows,*^ and no law shall be enacted 4 except by bill. 1 Section 15. No bill shall be passed or become a law unless 2 it shall have been printed and upon the desks of the mem- 3 bers, in its final form, at least three calendar legislative days 4 prior to its final passage, unless the Governor, or the acting 5 Governor, shall have certified to the necessity of its immediate 6 passage, under his hand and the seal of the State; nor sHall 7 any bill be passed or become a law, except by the assent of a 8 majority of the members elected to each branch of the Legis- 9 lature; and upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment 10 thereof shall be allowed, and the question upon its final pas- 11 sage shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and 12 nays entered on the journal. 1 Section i6. No private or local bill, which may be passed 2 by the Legislature, shall embrace more than one subject, and 3 that shall be expressed in the title. 1 Section 17. No act shall be passed which shall provide that 2 any existing law, or any part thereof, shall be made or deemed 3 a part of said act, or which shall enact that any existing law, 4 or part thereof, shall be applicable, except by inserting it in 5 such act. 1 Section 18. The Legislature shall not pass a private or 2 local bill in any of the following cases : 3 Changing the names of persons. 4 Laying out, opening, altering, working or discontinuing 5 roads, highways or alleys, or for draining swamps or other 6 low lands. 39 Locating or changing county seats. 8 Providing for changes of venue in civil or criminal cases. ] 9 Incorporating villages. 10 Providing for election of members of boards of supervisors. 11 Selecting, drawing, summoning or impaneling grand or 12 petit jurors. 13 ^ Regulating the rate of interest on money. 14 The opening and conducting of elections or designating 15 places of voting. 16 Creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentage or allow- 17 anccs of public officers, during the term for which said officers 18 are elected or appointed. 19 Granting to any corporation, association or individual the 20 right to lay down railroad tracks. 21 Granting to any private corporation, association or individ- 22 ual any exclusive privilege, immunity or -franchise whatever. 23 Providing for building bridges, and chartering companies 24 for such purposes, except on the Hudson river below Water- 25 ford, and on the East river, or over the waters forming a part 26 of the boundaries of the State. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3 ^ 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 I 2 3 4 40 « The Leg-islaturc shall pass general laws providing for the cases enumerated in this section, and for all other cases which in its judgment may be provided for by general la\vs. But no law shall authorize the construction or operation of a street railroad except upon the condition that the consent of the owners of one-half in value of the property bounded on, and the consent also of the local authorities having the control of, that portion of a street or highway upon which it is proposed to construct or operate such railroad be first obtained, or in case the consent of such property owners cannot be obtained, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, in the depart- ment in which it is proposed to be constructed, may, upon application, appoint three commissioners who shall determine, after a hearing of all parties interested, whether such railroad ought to be constructed or op' crated, and their determination, confirmed by the court, may be taken in lieu of the consent of the propert}^ owners. Section 19. The Legislature shall neither audit nor allow any private claim or account against the State, but may appro- priate money to pay such claims as shall have been audited and allowed according to law. I 2 3 I 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 I 2 3 4 5 41 Section 20. The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the Legislature shall be requisite to every bill appropriating the public moneys or property for j local or private purposes. Section 21. No money shall ever be paid out of the treas- ury of this State, or any of its funds, or any of the funds under its management, except in pursuance of an appropriation by law; nor unless such payment be made within two years next after the passage of such appropriation actj and every such law making a new appropriation, or continuing or reviving an appropriation, shall distinctly specify the sum appropriated, and the object to which it is to be applied; and it shall not be sufficient for such law to refer to any other law to fix such sum. / Section 22. No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the annual appropriation or supply bill, unless it relates specifically to some particular appropriation in the bill; and any such provision or enactment shall be limited in tion to such appropriation. I 2 3 4 5 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I 2 Section 23. Sections seventeen and eighteen of this article shall not apply to any bill, or the amendments to any bill, which shall be reported to the Legislature by commissioners who have been appointed pursuant to law to revise the statutes. Section 24. Every law which imposes, continues or revives a tax shall distinctly state the tax and the object to which it is to be applied, and it shall not be sufficient to refer to any other law to fix such tax or object . ' Section 25. On the final passage, in either house of the Legislature, of any act which imposes, continues or revives a tax, or creates a debt or charge, or makes, continues or revives any appropriation of public or trust money or property, or releases, discharges or commutes any claim or demand of the State, the question shall be taken by yeas and nays, which shall be duly entered upon the journals, and three-fifths of all the members elected to either house shall, in all such cases, be necessary to constitute a quorum therein. Section 26. There shall be in the several counties, except in cities whose boundaries are the same as those of the county, 43 * 3 a board of supervisors, to be composed of sucH members, 4 and elected in such manner, and for such period, as is or may 5 be provided by law. In any such city the duties^ and powers 6 of a board of supervisors may be devolved upon the common ^ council or board of aldermen thereof. I' ! Section 27. The Legislature shall, by general laws, confer 2 upon the boards of supervisors of the several counties of the 3 State such further powers of local legislation and administra- 4 tion as the Legislature may from time to time deem expedient. l Section 28. The Legislature shall not, nor shall the com- j/'' 2 mon council of any .city, nor any board of supervisors, grant 3 any extra compensation to any public officer, servant, agent 4 or contractor. . \ 1 Section 29. The Legislature shall, by law, provide for the 2 occupation and employment of prisoners sentenced to the 3 several state prisons, penitentiaries, jails and reformatories in 4 the State; and on and after the first day of January, in the 5 year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, no person 6 in any such prison, penitential*}",- jail or^reformatory, shall be 7 required or allowed to work, while under sentence thereto, at 44 : B any trade, industry or occupation, wherein or whereby his 9 work, or the product or profit of his work, shall be farmed ilO out, contracted, given or sold to any person, firm, association 11 or corporation. This section shall not be construed to prevent 12 the Legislature from’ providing that convicts may work for, 13 and that the products of their labor may be disposed of to, 14 the State or any political division thereof, or for or to any 15 public institution owned or managed and controlled by the !i 6 State, or any political division thereof, ^ 45 ARTICLE IV. ^ 1 Section I. The executive power shall be vested in a Cover- 2 nor, who shall hold his office for two years; a Lieutenant-Gov- 3 ernor shall be chosen at the same time, and for the same term. 4 The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor elected next preced- 5 ing the time when this section shall take effect, shall hold office 6 until and including the thirty-first day of December, one thou- 7 sand eight hundred and ninety-six, and their successors shall 8 be chosen at the general election in that year. 1 Section 2. No person shall be eligible to the office of Gov- 2 ernor or Lieutenant-Governor, except a citizen of the United 3 States, of the age of not less than thirty years, and who shall \ 4 have been five years next preceding his election a resident of 5 this State. 1 Section 3. The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall 2 be elected at the times and places of choosing members of the 3 Assembly. The persons respectively having the highest num- 4 ber of votes for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall be 5 electedj but in case two or more shall have an equal and the 46 6 highest number of votes for Governor, or for Lieutenant- 7 Governor, the two houses of the Legislature at its next annual 8 session shall forthwith, by joint ballot, choose one of the said 9 persons so having an equal and the highest number of votes 10 for Governor or Lieutenant-Governor. 1 Section 4. The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of 2 the military and naval forces of the State. He shall have 3 power to convene the Legislature, or the Senate only, on 4 extraordinary occasions. At extraordinary sessions no subject 5 shall be acted upon, except such as the Governor may recoin- 6 mend for consideration. He shall communicate by message 7 to the Legislature at every session the condition of the State, 8 and recommend such matters to it as he shall judge expedient. 9 He shall transact all necessary business with the officers of 10 government, civil and military. He shall expedite all such 11 measures as may be resolved upon by the Legislature, and 12 shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed. He shall 13 receive for his services an annual salary of ten thousand dol- 14 lars, and there shall be provided for his use a suitable and 15 furnished executive residence. X Section 5. The Governor shall have the power to grant 2 reprieves, commutations and pardons after conviction, for all 3 offenses except treason and cases of impeachment, upon such 4 conditions and with such restrictions and limitations, as he 5 may think' proper, subject to such regulations as may be pro- 6 vided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. 7 Upon conviction for treason, he shall have power to suspend 8 the execution of the sentence, until the case shall be reported 9 to the Legislature at its next meeting, when the Legislature % 10 shall either pardon, or commute the sentence, direct the execu- 11 tion of the sentence, or grant a further reprieve. He shall 12 annually communicate to the Legislature each case of reprieve, 13 commutation or pardon granted, stating the name of the con- 14 vict, the crime of which he was convicted, the sentence and its 15 date, and the date of the commutation, pardon or reprieve. I; Section 6. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, 2 or his removal from office, death, inability to discharge the 3 powers and duties of the said office, resignation, or absence 4 from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve 5 6 Z 8 9 .11 2 3 5 6 Z 8 9 10 II 12 13 48 upon the Lieutenant-Governor for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall cease. But when the, Governor shall, with the consent of the Legislature, be out of the State, in time of war, at the head of a military force thereof, he shall continue Commander-in-Chief of all the military force of the State, Section 7. The Lieutenant-Governor shall possess the same qualifications of eligibility for office as the Governor. He shall be president of the Senate, but shall have only a’ casting vote therein. If during a vacancy of the office oj Governor, the Lieutenant-Governor shall be impeached, dis- placed, resign, die, or become incapable of performing tlie duties of his office, or be absent from the State, the President of the Senate shall act as Governor until the vacancy be filled or the disability shall cease; and if the President of the Senate for any of the above causes shall become incapable of perform- ing the duties pertaining to the office of Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly shall act as Governor until the vacancy be filled or the disability shall cease. 49 1 2 3 '4 5 . Section 8. The Lieutenant-Governor shall receive for his services an annual salary of five thousand dollars, and shall not receive or be entitled to any other compensation, fee or B perquisite, for any duty or service he may be required to per- \ form by the Constitution or by law. !ii Section 9. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate* 2 and Assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to 3 the Governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he 4 shall return it with his objections to the house in which it 5 shall have originated, which shall enter the objections at large 6 on the journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such 7 reconsideration, two-thirds of the members elected to that ■ -S' 8 house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent together with 9 the objections to the other house by which it shall likewise be 10 reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of the members 11 elected to that house, it shall become a law notwithstanding 12 the objections of the Governor. In all such cases, the votes 13 in both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the 14 names of the members voting shall be entered on the journal 15 of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 4 i6 iZ i8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 by the Governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature shall, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not become a law without the approval of the Governor. No bill shall become a law after the final adjournment of the Legislature, unless approved by the Governor within thirty days after such adjournment. If any bill presented to the Governor contain several items of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more of such items while approving of the other portion of the bill. In such case, he shall append to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items D to which he objects; and the appropriation so objected to shall not take effect. If the Legislature be in session, he shall transmit to the house in which the bill orignated a copy of ""A.. such statement, and the items objected to shall be separately reconsidered. If on reconsideration one or more of such items be approved by two -thirds of the members elected to each house, the same shall be part of the law, notwithstanding the 35 objections of the Governor. All the provisions of this section, 36 in relation to bills not approved by the Governor, shall apply 37 in cases in which he shall withhold his approval from any nj I / 3*8 item or items contained in a bill appropriating money. X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 I 2 3 4 5 52 ' ARTICLE y ./ Section i. The Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney-General and State Engineer and Surveyor shall be chosen at a general election, at the times and places of electing the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, and shall hold their offices for two years, except as provided in section two of this article. Each of the officers in this article named, excepting the Speaker of the Assembly, shall at stated times during his continuance in office, receive for his services a compensation which shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which he shall have been elected; nor shall he receive to his use any fees or perquisites of office or other compensation. No person shall be elected to the office of State Engineer and Surveyor who is not a practical civil engineer. Section 2. The first -election of the Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney-General and State Engineer and Surveyor, pursuant to this article shall be held in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, and their terms of office shall begin on the first day of January following, 53 6 and shall be for three years. At the g-eneral election in the 7 yeai* one thousand eight' hundred and ninety-eight, and every o 8 two years thereafter, their successors shall be chosen for the * 9 term of two years 1 Section 3. A superintendent of public works shall be 2 appointed by the Governor, j?y and with the advice and con- 3 sent of the Senate, and hold his office until the end of the term 4 of the Governor by whom he was nominated, and until his 5 successor is appointed and qualified. He shall receive a com- 6 pensation to be fixed by law. He shall be required by law to 7 give security for the faithful execution of his office before enter- 8 ing upon the duties thereof. He shall be charged with the 9 execution of all laws relating to the repair and navigation of 10 the canals, and also of those relating to the construction and 1 1 improvement of the canals, except so far as the execution of the 12 laws relating to such construction or improvement shall be 13 confided to the State Engineer and Surveyor; subject to the 14 control of the Legislature, he shall make the rules and regu- 15 lations for the navigation or use of the canals. He may be x6 suspended or removed from office by the Governor, whenever. 17 i8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 54 in his judgment, the public interest shall so require; but in case of the removal of such Superintendent of Public Works from office, the Governor shall file with the Secretary of State a statement of the cause of such removal, and shall report such removal and the cause thereof to the Legislature at its next session. The Superintendent of Public Works shall appoint not more than three assistant superintendents, whose duties shall be prescribed by him, subject to modification by the Legislature, and who shall receive for their services a com- pensation to be fixed by law. They shall hold their office for three years, subject to suspension or removal by the Super- intendent of Public Works, whenever, in his judgment, the public interest shall so require. Any vacancy in the office of any such assistant superintendent shall be filled for the remainder of the term for which he was appointed, by the Superin- tendent of Public Works; but in case of the suspension or removal of any such assistant superintendent by him, he shall at once report to the Governor, in writing, the cause of sucH removal. All other persons employed in the care and man- agement of the canals, except collectors of tolls, and those in the department of the State Engineer and Surveyor, shall be 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 HZ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c 55 appointed by the Superintendent of Public Works, and be subject to suspension or removal by him. The Superintendent of Public Works shall perform all the duties of the former Canal Commissioners, and Board of Canal Commissioners, as now declared by law, until otherwise provided by the Legis- lature. The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall have power to fill vacancies in the office of * Superintendent of Public Works; if the Senate be not in ses- sion, he may grant commissions which shall expire at the end of the next succeeding session of the Senate. , Section 4. A Superintendent of State Prisons shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, and hold his office for five years, unless sooner removed; he shall give security in such amount, and o with such sureties as shall be required by law for the faith- ful discharge of his duties; he shall have the superintendence, management and control of state prisons, subject to such laws as now exist or may hereafter be enacted; he shall appoint the agents, wardens, physicians and chaplains of the pr*'-' - - The agent and warden of each prison shall appo'mt a!! -Jk;' 56 11 officers of sucH prison, except the clerk', subject to the approval 12 of the same by the Superintendent. The Comptroller shall 13 appoint the clerks of the prisons. The Superintendent shall 14 have all the powers and perform all the duties not incon- 15 sistent herewith, which were formerly had and performed by 16 the Inspectors of State Prisons. The Governor may remove 17 the Superintendent for cause at any time, giving to him a copy 18 of the charges against him, and an opportunity to be heard 19 in his defense. 1 Section 5. The Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the 2 Assembly, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attor- 3 ney- General and State Engineer and Surveyor shall be the 4 commissioners of the land office. The Lieutenant-Governor, . 5 Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer and Attorney- 6 General shall be the commissioners of the ganal fund. The 7 canal board shall consist of the commissioners of the canal 8 fund, the State Engineer and Surveyor and the Superintendent 9 of Public Works. I 2 3 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 2 o 4 5 6 7 8 9 £0 67 Section 6. The powers and duties of the respective boards, and of the several officers in this article mentioned, shall be such as now are or hereafter may be prescribed by law. ' Section 7. The Treasurer may be suspended from office by the Governor, during the recess of the Legislature, and until thirty days after the commencement of the next session of the Legislature, whenever it shall appear to him that such treasurer has, in any particular, violated his duty. The Gov- ernor shall appoint a competent person to discharge the duties of the office during such suspension of the Treasurer. Section 8. All offices for the weighing, gauging, measur- ing, culling or inspecting any merchandise, produce, manu- facture or commodity whatever, are hereby abolished; and no such office shall hereafter be created by law; but nothing in this section contained shall abrogate any office created for the purpose of protecting the public health or the interests of the State in its property, revenue, tolls or purchases, or of supplying the people with correct standards of weights and measures, or shall prevent the creation of any office for such purposes hereafter. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 58 Section 9. Appointments and promotions m tlie civil ser- vice oi the State, and of all the civil divisions thereof, including cities and villages, shall be made according to merit and fitness to be ascertained, so far as practicable, by examinations, which, so far as practicable, shall be competitive^ provided, however, that honorably discharged soldiers and sailors from the army and navy of the United States in the late civil war, who are citizens and residents of this State, shall be entitled to prefer- ence in appointment and promotion, without regard to their standing on any list from which such appointment or pro- motion may be made. Laws shall be made to provide for the enforcement of this section. 69 ARTICLE VI. 1 Section i. The Supreme Court is continued with general 2 jurisdiction in law and equity, subject to such appellate juris- 3 diction of the Court of Appeals as now is or may be prescribed 4 by law not inconsistent with this article. The existing judicial 5 districts of the State are continued until changed as herein- 6 after provided. The Supreme Court shall consist of the 7 Justices now in office, and of the Judges transferred thereto 8 by the fifth section of this article, all of whom shall continue 9 to be Justices of the Supreme Court during their respective 10 terms, and of twelve additional Justices wlio shall reside in 11 and be chosen by the electors of, the several existing judicial 12 districts, three in the first district, three in the second, and one 13 in each of the other districts; and of their successors. The 14 successors of said Justices shall be chosen by the electors of 15 their respective judicial districts. The Legislature may alter 16 the judicial districts once after every enumeration under the 17 Constitution, of the inhabitants of die State, and thereupon 18 reapportion the Justices to be thereafter elected in the districts 19 so altered. ^ ' II 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 ^3 14 15 i6 17 i8 19 20 21 60 Section 2. The Legislature shall divide the State into four judicial departments. The first department shall consist of the county of New York; the others shall be bounded by county lines, and be compact and equal in population as nearly as may be. Once every ten years the Legislature may alter the judicial departments, but without increasing the number thereof; There shall be an Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, consisting of seven Justices in the first department, and of five Justices in each of the other departments. In each department four shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of three shall be necessary to a decision. No more than five Justices shall sit in any case. From all the Justices elected to the Supreme Court the Gov- ernor shall designate those who shall constitute the Appellate Division in each department; and he shall designate the Pre- siding Justice thereof, who shall act as such during his term of office, and shall be a resident of the department The other Justices shall be designated for terms of five years, or the uiiexpired portions of their respective terms of office, if less than five years. From time to time as the terms of such dcs- 61 22 ignations expire, or vacancies occur, he shall make new desig- 23 nations. He may also make temporary designations in case of 24 the absence or inability to act, of any Justice in the Appellate 25 Division. A majority of the Justices designated to sit in the 26 Appellate Division in each department shall be residents of the 27 department. Whenever the Appellate Division in any depart- 28 ment shall be unable to dispose of its business within a reason- / 29 able time, a majority of the Presiding Justices of the several 30 departments at a meeting called by the Presiding Justice of 31 the department in arrears may transfer any pending appeals 32 from such department to any other department for hearing 33 and determination. No Justice of the Appellate Division shall 34 exercise any of the powers of a Justice of the Supreme Court, 35 other than those of a Justice out of court, and those pertaining 36 to the Appellate Division or to the hearing and decision of / 37 motions submitted by consent of counsel. From and after the 38 last day of December, one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 39 five, the Appellate Division shall have the jurisdiction now 40 exercised by the Supreme Court at its General Terms, and by 41 the General Terms of the Court of Common Pleas for the City 62 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 and' County of New iYork", the Superior Court of the City of New York, the Superior Court of Buffalo and the City Court of Brooklyn, and such additional jurisdiction as may be con- ferred by the Legislature. It shall have power to appoint and remove a reporter; The Justices of the Appellate Division in each department shall have power to fix the times and places for holding Spe- cial and Trial Terms therein, and to assign the Justices in the departments to hold such terms; or to make rules therefor. ; 1 Section 3. No Judge or Justice shall sit in the Appellate 2 Division or in the Court of Appeals in review of a decision 3 made by him or by any court of which he was at the time a 4 sitting member. The testimony in equity cases shall be taken 5 in like manner as in cases at law; and, except as herein other- 6 wise provided, the Legislature shall have the same power to 7 alter and regulate the jurisdiction and proceedings in law and 8 in equity that it has heretofore exercised. I Section 4. The official terms of the Justices of the Supreme a Court shall be fourteen years from and including the first day 3 4 5 6 Z 8 9 10 II 12 13 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 63 of January next after their election. When a vacancy shall occur otherwise than by expiration of term in the office of Justice of the Supreme Court the same shall be filled for a full term, at the next general election, happening not less than three months after such vacancy occurs; and, until the vacancy shall be so filled, the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, if the Senate shall be in session, or if not in session the Governor, may fill such vacancy by appoint- ment, which shall continue until and including the last day of December next after the election at which the vacancy shall be filled: Section 5. The Superior Court of the City of New York, the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of New York, the Superior Court of Buffalo, and the City Court of I Brooklyn, are abolished from and after the first day of Janu- ary, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, and thereupon the seals, records, 'papers and documents of or belonging to such courts, shall be deposited in the offices of the Clerks of the several counties in which said courts now exist; and all actions and proceedings then pending in such courts shall be i 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 64 transferred to the Supreme Court for hearing and determina- tion. The Judges of said courts in office on the first day of January, one thousand eight hunded and ninety-six, shall, for the remainder of the terms for which they were elected or appointed, be Justices of the Supreme Court; but they shall sit only in tlie counties in which they were elected or appointed. Their salaries shall be paid by the said counties respectively, and shall be the same as the salaries of the other Justices of the Supreme Court residing in the same counties. Their successors shall be elected as Justices of the Supreme Court by the electors of the judicial districts in which they respectively reside. The jurisdiction now exercised by the several courts hereby abolished, shall be vested in the Supreme ^ourt. Appeals from inferior and local courts now heard in the Court of Com- mon Pleas for the City and County of New York and the Superior Court of Buffalo, shall be heard in the Supreme Court in such manner and by such Justice or Justices as the Appellate Divisions in the respective departments which 65 29 include New York and Buffalo shall direct, unless otherwise 30 provided by the Legislature. T Section 6. Circuit Courts and Courts of Oyer and Termi- 2 ncr are abolished from and after the last day of December, 3 one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five. All their juris- 4 diction shall thereupon be vested in the Supreme Court, and 5 all actions and proceedings then pending in such courts shall 6 be ti'ansferred to the Supreme Court for hearing and determi- 7 nation. Any Justice of the Supreme Court, except as other- 8 .wise provided in this article, may hold court in any county. 1 Section 7. The Court of Appeals is continued. It shall 2 consist of the Chief Judge and Associate Judges now in office, 3 who shall hold their offices until the expiration of their respec- 4 tive terms, and their successors, who shall be chosen by the 5 electors of the State. The official terms of the Chief Judge 6 and Associate Judges shall be fourteen years from and includ- 7 ing the first day of January next after their election. Five 8 members of the court shall form a quorum, and the concur- 9 rence of four shall be necessai'y to a decision. The court shall 5 10 II 1 “ 2 3 4 5 6 1 / 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 i6 i; i8 66 have power to appoint and to remove its reporter, clerk and attendants. Section 8. When a vacancy shall occur otherwise than by \ expiration of term, in the office of Chief or Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals, the same shall be filled, for a full term, at the next general election happening not less than three months after such vacancy occurs; and until the vacancy shall be so filled, the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, if the Senate shall be in session, or if not in session the Governor may fill such vacancy by appointment If any such appointment of Chief Judge shall be made from among the Associate Judges, a tem.porary appointment of Associate Judge shall be made in like manner; but in such case, the person appointed Chief Judge shall not be deemed to vacate his office of Associate Judge any longer than until the expiration of his appointment as Chief Judge. The powers and jurisdiction of the court shall not be suspended for want of appointment or election, when the number of Judges is sufiicient to constitute a quorum. All appointments under this section shall continue until and including the last day of 67 It 9 December next after the election at which the vacancy shall 20 be filled,- ’ 1 Section g. After the last day of December, one thousand 2 eight hundred and ninety-five, the jurisdiction of the Court 3 of Appeals, except where the judgment is of death, shall be 4 limited to the review of questions of law. No unanimous 5 decision of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court that 6 there is evidence supporting or tending to sustain a finding 7 of fact or a verdict not directed by the court, shall be reviewed 8 by the Court of Appeals. Except where the judgment is of 9 death, appeals may be taken as of right, to said court only 10 from judgfnents or orders entered upon decisions of the Appel- 11 late Division of the Supreme Court, finally determining actions 12 or special proceedings, and from orders granting new trials 13 on exceptions, where the appellants stipulate that upon affirm- 14 ance judgment absolute shall be rendered against them. The 15 Appellate Division in any department may however, allow an 16 appeal upon any question of law which, in its opinion, ought ly to be reviewed by the Court of Appeals. C8 1 8 The Legislature may further restrict the jurisdiction of the 19 Court of Appeals and the right of Appeal thereto, but the 20 right to appeal shall not depend upon the amount involved. 21 The provisions of this section shall not apply to orders made 22 or judgments rendered by any General Term before the last 23 day of December, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, 24 but appeals therefrom may be taken under existing provisions 25 of law. 1 Section 10. The Judges of the Court of Appeals and the 2 Justices of the Supreme Court shall not hold any other office 3 or public trust. All votes for any of them, for any other than 4 a judicial office, given by the Legislature or the people, shall 5 be void. 1 Section ii. Judges of the Court of Appeals and Justices 2 of the Supreme Court, miay be removed by concurrent rcsolu- 3 tion of both houses of the Legislature, if two-thirds of all the 4 members elected to each house concur therein. All other 5 judicial officers, except Justices of the Peace and judges or 6 justices of inferior courts not ot record, may be removed by 7 the Senate, on the recommendation of the Governor, if two- 69 8 thirds of all the members elected to the Senate concur therein. 9 But no officer shall be removed by virtue of this section except 10 for cause, which shall be entered on the journals, nor unless 1 1 he shall have been served with a statement of the cause alleged, 12 and shall have had an opportunity to be heard. On the ques- 13 tion of removal, the yeas and nays shall be entered on the 14 journal. 1 Section 12. The Judges and Justices hereinbefore men- 2 tioned shall receive for their services a coiripenssition estab- 3 lished by law, which shall not be increased or diminished 4 during their official terms, except as provided in section five 5 of this article. No person shall hold the office of Judge or 6 Justice of any court longer than uiitil and inctuding the last 7 day of December next after he shall be seventy }’ears of age. 8 No Judge or Justice elected after the first day of January, one 9 thousand eight hundred and ninety-four shall be entitled to 10 receive any compensatior. after the last day of December next 11 after he shall be seventy years of age; but the compensation 12 of every Judge of the Court of Appeals* or Justice of the 13 Supreme Court elected prior to tlie first day of January, one 14 thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, whose term of office o ^5 i6 17 18 19 20 21 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 70 has been, or whose present term of office shall be, so abridged, and who shall have served as such Judge or Justice ten years or more, shall be continued during the remainder of the term for which he was elected; but any such Judge or Justice may, with his consent, be assigned by the Governor, from time to time, to any duty in the Supreme Court while his compensa- tion is so continued. / Section 13. The Assembly shall have the power of impeachment, by a vote of a majority of all the members elected. The Court for the Trial of Impeachments shall be composed of the President of the Senate, the senators, or the major part of them, and the Judges of the Court of Appeals, or the major part of them. On the trial of an impeachment against the Governor or LieuteiianL-Governor, the Lieutenant- Governor shall not act as a member of tl^e court. No judicial \ officer shall exercise his office, after articles of impeachment against him shall have been preferred to the Senate, until he shall have been acquitted- Before the trial of an impeachment the members of the court shall take an oath or affirmati(>n truly and impartially to try the impeachment according to the evidence, and no person shall be convicted without the coii- 71 15 currence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment f 16 in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to’ V - ' ' I7j removal from office, or removal from office and disqualifica- i8 . tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit ,19 under this Statej but the party impeached shall be liable to 20 indictment and punishment according to law. 1 Section 14. The existing County Courts are continued, 2 and the Judges thereof now in office shall hold their offices 3 until the expiration of their respective terms. In the county ' 4 of Kings there shall be two County Judges and the additional ft 5 County Judge shall be chosen at the next general election 6 held after the adoption of this article. The successors of the 7 several County Judges shall be chosen by the electors of the 8 counties for the term of six years. County Courts shall have 9 the powers and jurisdiction they now possess, and also original 10 jurisdiction in actions for the recovery of money only, where 11 the defendants reside in the county, and in which the com- 12 plaint demands judgment for a sum not exceeding two thou- 13 sand dollars. The Legislature may hereafter enlarge or 14 resti’ict the jurisdiction of the County Courts, provided how^- 72 15 ever that their jurisdiction shall not be so extended as to 1 6 authorize an action therein for the recovery of money only, 17 in which the sum demanded exceeds two thousand dollars, 18 or in which any person not a resident of the county is a 19 defendant ' 20 Courts of Sessions, except in the county of New York', are 2t abolished from and after the last day of December, on^ thou- 22 sand eight hundred and ninety-five. All the jurisdiction of 23 the Court of Sessions in each county, except the county of 24 New York, shall thereupon be vested in the County Court 25 thereof, and all actions and proceedings then pending in such 26 Courts of Sessions shall be transferred to said County Courts 27 for hearing and determination. Every County Judge shall per- 28 form such duties as may be required by law. His salary shall 29 be established by law, payable out of the county treasury. A 30 County Judge of any county may hold County Courts in any 31 otlier county when requested by the Judge of such other 32 county. I Section 15. The existing Surrogates’ Courts are continued, •2 . and the Surrogates now in office shall hold their offices until 73 . 3 the expiration of their terms. Their successors shall be chosen' ' [4 b}T the electors of their respective counties, and their terms ' !5 of office shall be six years, except in the county of New Yorlc, 6 .where they shall continue to be fourteen years. Surrogates ' and Surrogates’ Courts shall have the jurisdiction and powers 8 which the Surrogates and existing Surrogates’ Courts now , 9 possess, until otherwise provided by the Legislature. The . iio County Judge shall be Surrogate of his county, except where 11 a separate Surrogate has been or shall be elected. In coun- 12 ties having a population exceeding forty thousand, wherein .13 there is no separate Surrogate, the Legislature may provide 14 for the election of a separate officer to be Surrogate, whose 15 term of office shall be six years. When the Surrogate shall 16 be elected as a separate officer his salary shall be established 17 by law, payable out of the county treasury. No County Judge 18 or Surrogate shall hold office longer than until and including 19 the last day of December next after he shall be seventy years 20 of age. “Vacancies occurring in the office of County Judge 21 or Surrogate shall be filled in the same manner as like vacan- 74 22 cies occurring in the Supreme Court. The compensation of 23 any County Judge or Surrogate shall not be increased or 24 diminished during his term of office. For the relief of Sur- 25 rogates^ Courts the Legislature may confer upon the Supreme 26 Court in any county having a population exceeding four.hun- 27 dred thousand, the powers and jurisdiction of Surrogates, with 28 authority to try issues of fact by jury in probate cases, " ’ 1 Section 16. The Legislature may, on application of the 2 board of supersdsors, provide for the election of local officers, 3 not to exceed two in any county, to discharge the duties of 4 County Judge and of Surrogate, in cases of their inability 5 or of a vacancy, and in such other cases as may be provided 6 by law, and to exercise such other powers in special cases as 7 are or may be provided by law. 1 Section 17. The electors of tlie several towns shall, at their 2 annual town rneetings, or at such other time and in such •; mnrnpr as the Legislature may direct, elect Justices of the 75 5 an election to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration 6 of a full term, they shall hold for the residue of the unexpired 7 term. Their number and classification may be regulated by 8 law. Justices of the Peace and judges or justices of inferior 9 courts not of record, and their clerks, may be removed for 10 cause, after due notice and an opportunity of being heard, 11 by such courts as are or may be prescribed by law. Justices 12 of the Peace and District Court Justices may be elected in the 13 different cities of this State in such manner, and with such 14 powers, and for such terms, respectively, as are or shall be 15 prescribed by law; all other judicial officers in cities, whose 16 election or appointment is not otherwise provided for in this 17 article, shall be chosen by the electors of such cities, or iS appointed by some local authorities thereof. 1 Section 18. Inferior local courts of civil and criminal juris- 2 diction may be established by the Legislature, but no inferior 3 local court hereafter created shall be a court of record. The 4 Legislature shall not hereafter confer upon any inferior or local 5 court of its creation, an\ equity jurisdiction or any greater 76 6 jurisdiction in other respects than is conferred upon County . y ^ Courts by or under this article. Except as herein otherwise 8 provided, all judicial officers shall be elected or appointed at 9 such times and in such manner as the Legislature may direct. 1 Section 19. Clerks of the several counties shall be clerks 2 of the Supreme Court, with such pov/ers and duties as shall 3 be prescribed by law. The Justices of the Appellate Division 4 in each department shall have power to appoint and to remove 5 a clerk who shall keep his office at a place to be designated by 6 said Justices. The Clerk of the Court of Appeals shall keep 7 his office at the seat of government. The Clerk of the Court 8 of Appeals and the clerks of the yVppellate Division shall 9 receive compensation to be established by law and paid out of 10 the public treasury. 1 Section 20, No judicial officer, except Justices of the 2 Peace, shall receive to his own use any fees or perquisites of 3 office; nor shall any Judge of the Court of Appeals, or Jusdee / 77 4 of the Supreme Court, or any County Judge or Surrogate 5 hereafter elected in a county having a population exceeding 6 one hundred and twenty thousand, practice as an attorney or 7^ counselor in any court of record in this State, or act as referee. 8 The Legislature may impose a similar prohibition upon 9 County Judges and Surrogates in other counties. No one 10 shall be eligible to the office of Judge of the Court of Appeals, 11 Justice of the Supreme Court, or, except in the county of 12 Hamilton, to the office of County Judge or Surrogate, who is 13 not an attorney and counselor of this State. 1 Section 21. The Legislature shall provide for the speedy 2 publication of all statutes; and shall regulate the reporting of 3 the decisions of the courts; but all laws and judicial decisions 4 shall be free for publication by any person. 1 Section 22. Justices of the Peace and other local judicial 2 officers provided for in sections seventeen and eighteen, in 78 a 3 office when this article takes effect, shall hold their offices until 4 the expiration of their respective terms. .1 Section 23. Courts of Special Sessions shall have such 2 jurisdiction of offenses of the grade of misdemeanors as 3 be prescribed bjr law. I 19 'ARTICLE VII.. , , • 1 Section I. The credit of the State shall not In any manner 2 be given or loaned to or in aid of any individual, association 3 or corporation. / T Section 2. The State may, to meet casual deficits or failures 2 in revenues, or for expenses not provided for, conti'act debts: 3 but such debts, direct or contingent, singly or in the aggre- 4 gate, shall not at any time exceed one million of dollars; and 5 the moneys arising from the loans creating such debts shall % 6 be applied to the purpose for which they were obtained, or to 7 repay the debt so contracted, and to no other purpose whatever. I 1 Section 3. In addition to the above limited power to con- 2^ tract debts, the State may contract debts to repel invasion, 3 suppress insurrection, or defend the State in war; but the 4 money arising from the contracting of such debts shall be 5 applied to the purpose for which it was raised, or to repay 6 such debts, and to no other purpose whatever. 80 1 Section 4. Except the debts specified in sections two and 2 three of this article, no debts shall hereafter be contracted by 3 or on behalf of this State, unless such debt shall be author- 4 ized by a law, for some single work or object, to be distinctly 5 ^ecified therein j and such law shall impose and pitovide for 6 the collection of a direct annual tax to pay, and sufficient to 7 pay, the interest on such debt as it falls due, and also to pay 8 and discharge the principal of such debt within eighteen years * 9 from the time of the contracting thereof. No such law shall 10 take effect until it shall, at a general election, have been sub- 11 mitted to the people, and have received a majority of all the 12 votes cast for and against it at such election. On the final 13 passage of such bill in either house of the Legislature, the 14 question shall be taken by ayes and noes, to be duly entered 15 on the journals thereof, and shall be: Shall this bill pass, 16 and ought the same to receive the sanction of the people? 17 The Legislature may at any time, after the approval of such 18 law by the people, if no debt shall have been contracted in pur- 19 suance thereof, repeal the same; and may at any time, by law, 20 forbid the contracting of any further debt or liability under such 21 lawj but the tax imposed by such act, in proportion to the 81 22 debt and liability which may have been contracted, in pursu- 23 ance of such law, shall remain in force and be irrepealable, 24 and be annually collected, until the proceeds thereof shall have 25 made the provision hereinbefore specified to pay and dis- 26 charge the interest and principal of such debt and liability. 27; The money arising from any loan or stock creating such debt 28 or liability shall be applied to the work’ or object specified in 29 the act authorizing such debt or liability, or for the repayment 30 of such debt or liability, and for no other purpose whatever. 31 No such law shall be submitted to be voted on, within three 32 months after its passage, or at any general election when any 33 other law, or any bill, or any amendment to the Constitution, 34 shall be submitted to be voted for or against. 1 Section 5. The sinking funds provided for the payment 2 of interest and the extinguishment of the principal of the 3 debts of the State shall be separately kept and safely invested, 4 and neither of them shall be appropriated or used in any man- 5 ner other than for the specific purpose for which it shall liave 6 been provided. C QI Section 6. NeitHer the Legislature, canal board, nor any 2 person or persons acting in behalf of the State, shall audit, 3 allow, or pay any claim which, as between citizens of the State, 4 would be barred by lapse of time. This provision shall not 5 be construed to repeal any statute fixing the time within which 6 claims shall be presented or allowed, nor shall it extend to y any claims duly presented within the time allowed by law, 8 and prosecuted with due. diligence from the time of such pre- 9 sentment. But if the claimant shall be under legal disabjlity, 10 the claim may be presented within two years after such dis- 11 ability is removed. ^ Section 7. The lands of the State, now owned or hereafter 2 acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, 3 shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They shall not be 4 leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, 5 public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed 6 or destroyed. 1 Section 8. The Legislature shall not sell, lease or other- 2 wise dispose of the Erie canal, the Oswego canal, the Chaiii- 3 plain canal, the Cayuga and Seneca canal, or the Black River 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 83 canal; but they shall remain the property of the Stsite^ and r under its management forever. The prohibition of lease,* sale or other disposition herein contained, shall not apply to the canal known as the Main and Hamburg street canal, situated in the city of Buffalo, and which extends easterly from the • westerly line of Main street to the westerly line of Hamburg street. All funds that may be derived from any lease, sale or other disposition of any canal shall be applied to the improve- ment, superintendence or repair of the remaining portion of \ the canals. ' Section 9. No tolls shall hereafter be imoosecl on persons or property transported on the canals, but all boats navigating the canals, and the owners and masters thereof, shall be sub- ject to such laws and regulations as have been or may here- after be enacted concerning the navigation of the canals. The Legislature shall annually, by equitable t^axes, make pro- vision for the expenses of the 'superintendence and repairs of the canals. All contracts for work or materials on any canal shall be made 'with the persons who shall offer to do or provide the same at the lowest price, with adequate security for their 84 11 performance. No extra compensation shall be made to any 12 contractor; but if, from any unforeseen cause, the terms of 13 any contract shall prove to be unjust and oppressive, the canal 14 board may, upoij the application of the contractor, cancel such 15 contract. 1 Section 10. The canals may be improved in such manner 2 as the Legislature shall provide by law. A debt may be 3 authorized for that purpose in the mode prescribed by section 4 four of this article, or the cost of such improvement may be 5 defrayed by the appropriation of funds from the state treasury, 6 or by equitable annual tax. ARTICLE VIII. 1 .Section i. Corporations may be formed under general 2 laws; but shall not be created by special act, except for 3 municipal purposes, and in cases wliere, in the judgment o; 4 the Legislature, the objects of the corporation cannot he 5 attained under general laws. All general laws and special acts 6 passed pursuant to this section may be altered from time to y time or repealed. I, Section 2. Dues from corporations shall be secured by 2 such individual liability of tho' corporators and other means 3 as may be prescribed by law. 1 Section 3. The term corporations .ns used in this article 2 shall be construed to include all associations and joint-stock 3 companies having any of the powers or privileges of corpora- 4 lions not possessed by individuals or partnerships. And all 5 corporations shall have the right to sue and sliall be subject 6 to be sued in all courts in like cases as natural persons. 1 ) Section 4. The Legislature shall, by gtyieral lavr. conform 2 all charters of savings banks, or institutions for savings, to a 3 uniformity of powers, rights and liabilities, and all charters 4 hereafter granted for such corporations shall be made to con- 5 form to such general law, and to such amendments as may 6 be made thereto. And no such corporation shall have any 7 capital stock nor shall the trustees thereof, or any of them, 8 have any interest whatever, direct or indirect, in the profits of 9 such corporation; and no director or trustee of any such 10 bank or Institution sliall be interested in any loan or use of 1 1 any money or property of such bank or institution for savings. 12 The Legislature sliall have no power to pass any act granting * 13 any special charter for banking purposes; but corporations or 14 associations may be formed for such purposes under general 15 laws. 1 Section 5. The Legislature shall have no power to pass ' 2 any law sanctioning in any manner-, directly or indirectly, the 3 suspension of specie payments, by any person, association or 4 corporation, issuing bank notes of anj, description. 87 1 Section 6. The Legislature shall provide by law for the 2 registry of all bills or notes, issued or put in circulation as 3 money, and shall require ample security for the redemption of 14 the same in specie. 1 Section 7. The stockholders of every corporation and^ 2 joint-stock association for banking purposes, shall be indi- 3 vidually responsible to the amount of their respective share 4 of shares of stock in any such corporation or association, for 5 all its debts and liabilities of every kind / ‘ 1 Section 8. In case of the insolvency of any bank or bank- 2 ing association, the billholders thereof shall be entitled to 3 preference in payment, over all other creditors of such bank 4 or association. 1 Section 9. Neither the credit nor the money of the State 2 shall be given or loaned to or in aid of any association, cor- 3 ■ poration or private undertaking. This section shall not, how- 4 ever, prevent the Legislature from making such provision for 5 the education and support of the blind, the deaf and dumb, 6 and juvenile delinquents, as tp it may seem proper. Nor shall I 88 7 it apply to any fund or property now held, or which may here- B after be held, by the State for educational purposes. 1 Section 10. No county, city, town or village shall hereafter 2 give any money or property, or loan its money or credit to or 3 in aid of any individual, association or corporation, or become 4 directly or indirectly the owner of stock in, or bonds of, any 5 association or corporation; nor shall any such county, city, 6 town or village be allowed to incur any indebtedness except 7 for county, city, town or village purposes. This section shall 8 not prevent such county, city, town or village from making 9 such provision for the aid or support of its poor as may be 10 authorized by law. No county or city shall be allowed to 11 become indebted for any. purpose or in any manner to an 12 amount which, including existing indebtedness, shall exceed 13 ten per centum of the assessed valuation of the real estate of 14 such county or city subject to taxation, as it appeared by the 15 assessment-rolls of said county or city on the last assessment 16 for state or county taxes prior to the incurring of such indebt- 17 edness; and all indebtedness in excess of such, limitation, - g. ,,, 18 except such as may now exist, shall be absolutely void, except 89 19 as herein otherwise provided. No county or city whose » 20 present indebtedness exceeds ten per centum of the assessed 21 valuation of its real estate subject to taxation, shall be allowed 22 to become indebted in any further amount until such indebt- I 23 edness shall be reduced within such limit. This section shall 24 not be construed to prevent the issuing of certificates of 25 indebtedness or revenue bonds issued in anticipation of the 26 collection of taxes for amounts actually contained, or to be con- 27 tained in the taxes for the year when such certificates or 28 revenue bonds are issued and payable out of such taxes. Nor 29 shall this section be construed to prevent the issue of bonds to 30 provide for the supply of water; but the term of the bonds 31 issued to provide the supply of water shall not exceed twenty 32 years, and a sinking fund shall be created on the issuing of the 33 said bonds for their redemption, by raising annually a sum ^ 34 which will produce an amount equal to the sum of the prin- 35 cipal and interest of said bonds at their maturity. All cer- 36 tificates of indebtedness or revenue bonds issued in anticipa- 37 tion of the collection of taxes, which arc not retired within five 38 3^ears after their date of issue, and bonds issued to provide for 39 tile supply of water, and any debt licrcafler incurred by any 4^ 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 I 2 3 4 5 6 90 portion or part of a city, if there shall be any such debt^ shall be included in ascertaining the power of the city to become otherwise indebted. Whenever hereafter the boundaries of any city shall become the same as those of a county, the power of the county to become indebted shall cease, but the debt of the county at that time existing shall not be included as a part of the city debt. The amount hereafter to be raised by tax for county or city purposes, in any county containing a city of over one hundred thousand inhabitants, or any such city of this State, in addition to providing for the principal and inter- est of existing debt, shall not in the aggregate exceed in any one year two per centum of the assessed valuation of the real and personal estate of such county or city, to be ascertained as prescribed in this section in respect to county or city debt. Section ii. The Legislature shall provide for a state board of charities, which shall visit and inspect all institutions, whether state, county, municipal incorporated or not incor- porated, which are of a charitable, eleemosynary, correctional or reformatory character, excepting only such institutions as ai-e hereby made subject to the visitation and inspection of 91 7 either of the commissions hereinafter mentioned, but including 8 all reformatories except those in which adult males convicted 9 of felony shall be confined; a state commission in lunacy, 10 which shall visit and inspect all institutions, either public, or 11 private, used for the care and treatment of the insane (not 12 including institutions for epileptics or idiots); a state com^ 13 mission of prisons which shall visit and inspect all institutions 14 used for the detention of sane adults charged with or con- 15 victed of crime, or detained as witnesses or debtors. I Section 12. The members of the said board and of the .2 said commissions shall be appointed by the Governor, by and 3 with the advice and consent of the Senate; and any member 4 may be removed from office by the Governor for cause, an 5 opportunity having been given him to be heard in his defense. 1 Section 13. Existing laws relating to institutions referred 2 to in the foregoing sections and to their supervision and j 3 inspection, in so far as such laws are not inconsistent with the 4 provisions of the Constitution, shall remain in force until 5 amended or repealed by the Legislature. '^Tlie visitation and 92 6 inspection herein provided for, shall not be exclusive of other ^ - 7 visitation and inspection now authorized by law. 1 Section 14. Nothing in this Constitution contained shall 2 i.Tcvcnt the Legislature from making such provision for the 3 education and support of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and 4 juvenile delinquents, as to it may seem proper; or prevent any 5 county, cit}'^, town or village from providing for the care, sup- 6 port, maintenance and secular education, of inmates of orphan 7 asylums, homes for dependent children or correctional institu- 8 tions, whether under public or private control. Payments by 9 counties, cities, towns and villages to charitable, eleemosynary, 10 correctional and reformatory institutions, wholly or partly 11 under private control, for care, support and maintenance, may 12 l:>e authorized, but shall not be required by the Legislature. 13 No such payments shall be made for any inmate of such insLi- 14 tutions who is not received and retained therein pursuant to ic; rules established by the state board of charities. Sudi rules 16 shall be subject to the control of the Legislature by general » laws. 93 1 Section 15. Commissioners of the state board of charities 2 and commissioners of the state commission in lunacy, now 3 holding office, shall be continued in office for the term for which 4 they were appointed, respectively, unless the Legislature shall 5 otherwise provide. The Legislature may confer upon the 6 commissioners and upon the board mentioned in the fore- 7 going sections any additional powers that are not inconsistent 8 with other provisions of the Constitution. : 0 94 ARTICLE IX. ; II Section I. The Legislature shall provide for the mainte- 2 nance and support of a system of free common schools, wherein 3 all the children of this State may be educated. 1 Section 2. The corporation created in the year one thou- 2 sand seven hundred and eighty-four, under the name of The 3 Regents of the University of the State of New York, is hereby 4 continued under the name of The University of the State of 5 New York. It shall be governed and its corporate powers, 6 which may be increased, modified or diminished by the Legis- 7^ iature, shall be exercised, by not less than nine regents. 1 Section 3. The capital of the common school fund, the 2 capital of the literature fund, and the capital of the United 3 States deposit fund, shall be respectively preserved inviolate. 4 The revenue of the said common school fund shall be applied 5 to the support of common schools; the revenue of the said 6 literature fund shall be applied to the support of academies; 7 and the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars of the revenues 95 8 of the United States deposit fund shall each year be appro- 9 priated to and made part of the capital of the said common 10 school fund. 1 Section 4. Neither the State nor any subdivision thereof, 2 shall use its property or credit or any public money, or author- 3 ize or permit either to be used, directly or indirectly, in aid or 4 maintenance, other than for examination or inspection, of any 5 school or institution of learning wholly or in part under the 6 control or direction of any religious denomination, or in which! 7 any denominational tenet or doctrine is taught # / I 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 i 6 1 / V A' TICLE E Section i. Sheriffs, clerks of counties, district attorneys, and registers in counties having registers, shall be chosen by C.c electors of the respective counties, once in every three years and as often as vacancies shall happen, except in the counties of New York and Kings, and in counties v/hose boun- daries are the same as those of a city, where such officers shall be chosen by the electors once in every two or four years as the Legislature shall direct. Sheriffs shall hold no other office, and be ineligible for the next term after the termination of their offices. They may be required by laAv to renew their security, from time to time; and in default of giving such new security, their offices shall be deemed vacant. But the county shall Ticver be m.ade responsible for the acts of the sheriff. The Governor may remove any officer, in this section mentioned, within the term for which he shaU have been elected; giving to such officer a copy of the cliargcs agaiiiofc him, and an opportunity of being heard in his defense.. 97 1 Section 2. All county officers, whose election or appolnt- 2 ment is not provided for by this Coiislilution, shall be elected 3 by the electors of the respective counties or appointed by the 4 boards of supervisors, or other county authorities, as the Legis- 5 lature shall direct. All city, tOAvn and village officers, whose 6 election or appointment is not provided for by this Constitu- 7 tion, shall be elected by the electors of such cities, towns and 8 villages, or of some division thereof, or appointed by such 9 authorities thereof, as the Legislature shall designate for that & 10 purpose. All other officers, whose election or appointment 1 1 is not provided for by this Constitution, and all officers, whose 12 offices may hereafter be created by law, shall be elected by the IP 13 people, or appointed, as the Legislature may direct. 1 Section 3. When the duration of any office is not provided 2 by this Constitution, it may be declared by law, and if not so 3 declared, such office shall be held during the pleasure of the 4 authority making the appointment. 1 Section 4. The time of electing all officers named in this 2 article shall be prescribed by law. OS 1 Section 5. The Legislature shall provide for filling vacan- 2 cies in office, and in case of elective 'officers, no person 3 appointed to .fill a vacancy shall hold his office by virtue of 4 such appointment longer than the commencement of the politi- 5 cal year next succeeding the first annual election after the 6 happening of the vacancy, f mmm " . s li Section 6." The political year and legislative term shall 2 begin on the first day of January; and the Legislature shall, 3 every year, assemble on the first Wednesday in January, Cl " f 1 Section y. Provision shall be made by law for the removal 2 for misconduct or malversation in office of all officers, except 3 judicial, whose powers and duties are not local or legislative 4 and who shall be elected at general elections, and also for 5 supplying vacancies created by such removal. II Section 8. The Legislature may deckre the cases in which 2 any office shall be deemed vacant when no provision is made 3 for that purpose in this Constitution. I Section 9. No officer whose salary is fixed by the CoUstitu- 2 .. tion shall receive any additional compensation. Each of tlie 99 3 other stale officers named in the Constitution shall, during His 4 continuance in office, receive a compensation, to be fixed bv o 5 law, which shall not be increased or diminished ‘during the 6 term for which he shall have been elected or appointedj not 7 shall he receive to his use any fees or perquisites of office OE 8 other compensation. ' . ■ 100 ARTICLE XL, 1 Section i. All able-bodied male citizens between the ages 2 of eighteen and forty-five years, who are residents the State, 3 shall constitute the militia, subject however to such exemptions 4 as are now, or may be hereafter created by the laws of the □ 5 United States, or by the Legislature of this State. I' Section 2. The Legislature may provide for the enlistment 2 into the active force of such other persons as may make appli- 3 cation to be so enlisted. 1 Section 3. The militia shall be organized and divided into 2 such land and naval, and active and reserve forces, as the 3 Legislature may deem proper, provided however that there 4 shall be maintained at all times a force of not less than ten jg thousand enlisted men, fully uniformed, armed, equipped, 6 disciplined and ready for active service. And it shall be the duty of the Legislature at each session to make sufficient 8 appropriations for the maintenance thereof. T Section 4. The Governor shall appoint the chiefs of the 2 several staff departments, his aides-de-camp and military secre- 101 3 tary, all of whom shall hold office durin^ liis plonsurc. their 4 commissions to expire wkh the term for which the Governor 5 shall have been elected; he shall also nominate, and with the 6 consent of the Senate appoint, all major-generals. 1 Section 5. All other commissioned and non-commissioned 2 officers shall be chosen or appointed in such manner as the ' 3 Legislature may deem most conducive to the improvement of 4 the militia, provided however that no law shall be passed '5 changing the existing mode of election and appointment unless 6 hvo-thirds of the members present in each house shall concur 7 therein. o 1 Section 6. Tlie commissioned officers shall be comrais- 2 sioned by the Governor as commander-in-chief. No commis- 3 sioned officer shall be removed from office during the term for 4 which he shall have been appointed or elected, unless by the 5 Senate on the recommendation of the Governor, stating the 6 grounds on which such removal is recommended, or by the 7 sentence of a court-martial, or upon the findings of an exam- 8 ining board organized pursuant to law, or for absence with- 9 out leave for a period of six months or more. ARTICLE XIL r Section i. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to pro- 2 vide for the organization of cities and incorporated villages, 3 and to restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing 4 money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, so as to 5 prevent abuses in assessments, and in contracting debt by 6 such municipal corporations. , I' Section 2. All cities are classified according to the latest 2 state enumeration, as from time to time made, as follows : The o 3 first class includes all cities having a population of two Hun- ' 4 dred and fifty thousand, or more; the second class, all cities 5 having a population of fifty thousand and less than two liun- 6 dred and fifty thousand ; the third class, all other cities. Laws y. relating to the property, affairs or government of cities, and the 8 several departments thereof, are divided into general and 9 special city laws ; general city laws are those which relate to all 10 the cities of one or more classes ; special city laws are those which 11 relate to a single city, or to less than all the cities of a class. 12 Special city laws shall not be passed except in conformity with 13 14 15 i6 17 . i 8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 103 tHe provisions of this section. After any bill for a special I city law, relating to a city, has been passed by both branches of the Legislature, the house in which it originated shall imme- diately transmit a certified copy thereof to the mayor of such city, and within fifteen days thereafter the mayor shall return D such bill to the house from which it was sent, or if the session of the Legislature at which such bill was passed has termi- nated, to the Governor, with the mayor’s certificate thereon, stating whether the city has or has not accepted the same. In every city of the first class, the mayor, and in every other city, the mayor and the legislative body thereof concurrently, s shall act for such city as to such bill; but the Legislature may provide for the concurrence of the Legislative body in cities of the first class. The Legislature shall provide for a public notice and opportunity for a public hearing concerning any □ such bill in every city to which it relates, before action thereon. Such a bill, if it relates to more than one city, shall be trans- mitted to the mayor of each city to which it relates, and shall not be deemed accepted unless accepted as herein provided, by every such city. Whenever any such bill is accepted as herein provided, it shall be subject as are other bills, to the action of the Governor. Whenever, during the session at 35 36 37 3S 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 I 2 n O 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 104 which it was passed, any such bill is returned without the' acceptance of the city or cities to which it relates, or within such fifteen days is not returned, it may nevertheless again be passed by both branches of the Legislature, and it shall then be subject as are other bills, to the action of the Governor. In every special city law which has been accepted by the city or cities to which it relates, the title shall be follovced by the words “accepted by the city,’^ or “cities,” as the case maybe; in every such law which is passed without such acceptance, by the Vv^ords “passed without the acceptance of the cih-^,” or “cities,” as tlie case may be. • Section 3. All elections of city officers, including super- visors and judicial officers of inferior local courts, elected in any city or part of a city, and of county officers elected in the' counties of New York and Kings, and in all counties whose boundaries are the same as those of a city, except to fill vacan- cies, shall be held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November in an odd-numbered year, and the term of every such officer shall expire at the end of an odd-numbered year. The terms of office of all such officers, elected before the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, II 12 ^3 14 15 i6 17 i8 19 20 21 105 whose s uccessors have not then been elected, which under existing laws would expire with an even-numbered year, or in an odd-numbered year and before the end thereof, are extended to and including the last day of December next following the time when such terms would otherwise expire; the terms of office of all such officers, which under existing laws would expire in an even-numbered year, and before the end thereof, are abridged so as to expire at the end of the preceding year. This section shall not apply to any city of the third class, or to elections of any judicial officer, except judges and justices of inferior local courtsf" 106 ARTICLE XIII. li Section i. Members of the Legislature, and all officers, 2 executive and judicial, except such inferior officers as shall be 3 by law exempted shall, before they enter on the duties of their 4 ^ respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or 5 affirmation: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will sup- 6 port the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitu » 7 tion of the State of New York, and that I will faithfully dis- 8 charge llic duties of the office of , according to the g best of my ability;’’ and all such officers who shall have been 10 chosen at any election shall, before they enter on tlie duties 11 of their respective offices, take and ^ibscrlbc the oath or 12 affirmation above prescribed, together with the following addi- 13 tion thereto, as part thereof: 14 “And I do hirther solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have not directly or indirectly paid, offered or promised to pay, 16 contribute, or offered or promised to contribute any money 17 or other valuable thing as a consideration or reward for the 107 G i8^ givirig 0^ .Withholding a vote at the election at which I was 119 elected to said office^, and have not made any; promise to 2Q influence the giving or withholding any such vote,”- and no 211 otlier oath, declaration or test shall be required as a qualiflca- 221 tion for any office of public trusL ^ m p Section 2. !A'ny person holding office under the laws of V 2 this State, who, except in payment of his legal salary, fees or ^ perquisites, shall receive or consent to receive, directly or indirectly, any thing of value or of personal advantage, or the I g promise thereof, for performing or omitting to perform any 6 official act, or with the express or implied understanding that % his official action' or omission to act is to be in any degree 8 influenced thereby, shall be deemed guilty of a felony. This 9 section shall not affect the validity of any existing statute in !I0 relation to the offense of bribery, Ifi I Section 3. Any person who shall offer or promise a bribe 2 . “to an officer, if it shall be^^ved, shall be deemed guilty of a 31 felony and liable to punishment, except as herein provided. No person offering a bribe shall, upon any prosecution of the s 6 7 8 9 10 II I 2 3 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 , 8 9 108 officer for receiving such bribe, be privileged from testifying in relation thereto, and he shall not be liable to civil or crimi- nal prosecution therefor, if he shall testify to the giving or I offering of such bribe. Any person who shall offer or promise: a bribe, if it be rejected by the officer to whom it was tendered^ shall be deemed guilty of an attempt to bribe, which is hereby declared to be a felony. ' Section 4. Any person charged with' receiving a bribe, or, with offering or promising a bribe, shall be permitted to testify in his own behalf in any civil or criminal prosecution therefor. Section 5. No public officer, or person elected or appointed to a public office, under the laws of this State, shall directly or indirectly ask, demand, accept, receive or consent to receive for his own use or benefit, or for the use or benefit of another, any free pass, free transportation, franking privilege or dis- crimination in passenger, telegraph or telephone rates, from any person or corporation, or make use of the same himself or. O ■' in conjunction with another. A person who violates any pro- vision of this section, shall be deemed guilty of ^ misdemeanor, 10 ^ 10 and sHall forfeit his office at the suit of the Attorney-General. 1 1 Any corporation, or officer or agent thereof, who shall offer or 12 promise to a public officer, or person elected or appointed to a 13 public office, any such free pass^ free transportation, frank- T 4 ing privilege or discrimination, shall also be deemed guilty of 13 a misdemeanor and liable to punishment except as herein pro- 116 yided. No person, or officer or agent of a corporation giving any such free pass, free transportation, franking privilege or 18 discrimination hereby prohibited, shall be privileged from testi- 19 fying in relation thereto, and he shall not be liable to civil or 20 criminal prosecution therefor if he shall testify to the giving 211 of the same. II ’ Section 6. Any district attorney who shall fail faithfully to 2 prosecute a person charged with the violation in his county of 3 any provision of this article which may come to his knowl- 4 edge, shall be removed from office by the Governor, after due 5 notice and an opportunity of being heard in his defense. The 6 expenses which shall be incurred by any county, in investigat- 2 ing and prosecuting any charge of bribery or attempting to (B 9 within sucH county, or of receiving bribes by any such person 10 in said county, shall be a charge against the State, and their 11 payment by the State shall be provided for by law. Ill 2 .3- ■5 6 Z S 9 10 o II! ’ 12 13 14 15 16 17/ 18 19 [ARTICLE Xiy, • • Section i. Any amendment or amendments to this Con- k stitution may be proposed in the Senate and Assembly; an'd if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the memb'eni elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendment, or amendments shall be entered on their journals, with the yeas any nays talcen thereon, and referred to the Legislature to be chosen at the next general election of senators, and shall be published for three months previous to the time of making Of such choice; and if in the Legislature so next chosen, as afore- said, such ^proposed amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by a majority of all the members elected to each| house, then it shah* be the duty of the Legislature to submit such proposed amendment or amendments to the people for approval in such manner and at such times as the Legislature shall prescribe; and if the people shall approve and ratify such ^ o amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors vot- ing thereon, such amendment or amendments shall become a part of the Constitution from andjifter the first day of January next after such approval. 112 1 Section 2. At the general election to be held in the year t 2 one thousand nine hundred and sixteen, and every twentieth 3 year thereafter, and also at such times as the Legislature -may ^ by law provide, the (question, “ Shall there be a convention to 5 revise the Constitution and amend the same ? shall be decided 6 by the electors of the State; and in case a majority of the 7 electors voting thereon shall decide in favor of a convention 8 for such purpose, the electors of every senate district of the 9 State, as then organized, shall elect three delegates at the 10 next ensuing general election at which members of the AsISem- 11 bly shall be chosen, and the electors of the State voting at the 12 same election shall elect fifteen delegates-at-large. ‘ The dele- 13 gates so elected shall convene at the capitol on the first 0 14 Tuesday of April next ensuing after their election, and shall 15 continue their session until the business of such convention 16 shall have been completed. Every delegate shall receive for 17 his services the same compensation and the same mileage 18 as shall then be annually payable to the members of the 19 Assembly. A majority of the convention shall constitute a 20 quorum for the transaction of business, and no amedment 21 to the Constitution shall be submitted for approval to the 113 22 electors as hereinafter provided, unless by the assent of a 23 majority of all the delegates elected to the convention, the yeas 24^ and nays being entered on the journal to be kept. The con- 25 vention shall have the power to appoint such officers, employes 26 and assistants as it may deem necessary, and fix their com- 27 pensation and to provide for the printing of its documer.ts, 28 journal and proceedings. The convention shall determine the 29 rules of its own proceedings, choose its own officers, and be 30 the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its mcm- 31 bers. In case of a vacancy, by death, resignation or other 32 cause, of any district delegate elected to the convention, such 33 vacancy shall be filled by a vote of the remaining delegates f Q Tf 34 representing the district in which such vacancy occurs, it 35 such vacancy occurs in the office of a delegate-at-large, such 36 vacancy shall be filled by a vote of the remaining delegatcs- 37 at-large; Any proposed constitution or constitutional amend- 38 ment which shall have been adopted by such convention, shall 39 be submitted to a vote of the electors of the State at the time 40 and in the manner provided by such convention, at an election 0 41 wliich shall be held not less than six weeks aher the adjourn- ip ment of sucli convention. Upon tlie approval of sucK cotf- 43 stitution or constitutional amendments, in the manner pro- 44 vided in the last preceding section, such constitution or constitu- ev 45 tional amendment, shall go into effect on the first day of Jan- 46 uary next after such approval. 1 Section 3. 'Any amendment proposed by a constitutional 2 convention relating to the same subject as an amendment pro- 3 posed by the Legislature, coincidently submitted to the people 4 for approval at the general election held in the year one thou- " '5 sand eight hundred and ninety-four, or at any subsequent 6 election, shall, if approved, be deemed to supersede the amend- 2 ment so proposed by the Legislature. 115 ARTICLE XV. 1 ' Section i. - This Constitution shall be in force from and 2 including tlie first day of January, one thousand eight hundred ‘3 and ninety-five, except as herein otherwise provided. ^ Done in Convention at the Capitol in the city of Albany, the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and nineteenth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto sub- scribed our names. JOSEPH HODG ES CHOATE, President. CHARLES ELLIOTT FITCH, Secretary, SCHEDULE SHOWING WHERE SECTIONS OF CONSTITUTION OF 1646 OCCUR IN REVISED CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. rkviskt) Constitution op 1846. Constitution. Sec. 1. No person to be disfranchised Sec. 1 Sec. 2. Trial by jury Sec. 2 Sec. 3. Religious liberty Sec. 3 Sec. 4. Writ of habeas corpus Sec. 4 Sec. 5. Bail, fines Sec. 5 Sec. 6. Grand jury Sec. 0 Sec. 7. Private property — Private roads (amended by) Sec. . Sec. 8. Freedom of speech and of the press Sec. 8 Sec. 9. Two-thirds bills (transferred to art. Ill, sec. 20.) Sec. 10. Right of petition — Divorce — Lotteries (amended by) See. 0 Sec. 11. Right of property in lands — Escheats Sec i ) Sec. 12. Feudal tenures abolished Sec. .1 Sec. 13. Allodial tenure Sec. i . Sec. 14. Certain leases invalid See. ! Sec. 15. Fines and quarter-sales abolished Sec. it Sec. 16. Sale of lands ! Sec. 15 Sec. 17. Old colony laws and acts of the Legislature — Common law — Commissioners to be appointed — their. duties . .(amended by) Sec. 16 Sec. 18. Grants of lands since 1775 — Prior grants Sec. 17 ARTICLE II. Sec. 1. Qualification of voters (amended by) Sec. 1 Sec. 2. Persons excluded from right of suffrage — Challenge — Laws to be passed excluding from right of suffrage (amended by) Sec. 2 Sec. 3. Certain employments not to affect residence of voters (amended by) Sec. .3 Sec. 4. Laws to be passed (amended by) Sec. 4 Sec. 5. Election to be by ballot (amended by) Sec. 5 118 ARTICLE III. EeVISBI) ■' Constitutioit. F Constitution ot 1846. ' - " ' ' Sec. 1. Legislative powers *. Sec. 1 Sec. 2 . Senate, number of — Assembly, number of. . .(amended by) Secs. 2-5 Sec. 3, State divided into thirty-two senatorial districts — boundaries thereof — Board of supervisors of the city of New York to divide the county into four Senate districts — Certificate, etc., to be filed .(amended by) Secs. 2-5 Sec. 4. Census to be taken in 1855, and every ten years — Senate dis- tricts, how altered (amended by) . . . .Secs. 2-5 Sec. 5. Members of Assembly, number of, and how apportioned and chosen — Boards of supervisors in certain counties and board of aldermen in New York city to divide the same into Assembly districts — Description' of Assembly districts to be filed — Contents of Assembly districts — Legislature to reapportion members of Assembl}’’ — Each county entitled to one member — Hamilton county — Counties and towns may be divided and new ones erected (amended by) Secs. 2-5 Sec. 6. Pay of members Sec. 6 Sec. 7. No member to receive an appointment : Sec. 7 Sec. 8. Persons disqualified from being members Sec. 8 Sec. 9. Time of election fixed Sec. 9 Sec. 10. Powers of caclrhouse (amended by) Sec. 10 Sec. 11. Journals tc be kept Sec. 11 Sec. 12. No member to be questioned, etc Sec. 12 Sec. 13. Bills may originaie in either house Sec. 13 Sec. 14. Enacting clause of bills Sec. 14 Sec. 15. Assent of a fiiajority of all the members, required, etc (amended by) Sec. 15 Sec. 16. Restriction as to private andjocal bills Sec. 1C Sec. 17. Existing law not to be made a part of an act except by insert- ing it therein ‘ Sec. 17 Sec. 18. Private and local billg, in %vhat cases they may not be passed — General laws to bo passed — Street railroads, conditions upon which they may be authorized (amended by) Sec. 18 Sec. 19. The Legislature not to audit or allow any private claim Sec. 19 Sec. 20. Bill imposing a tax, manner of passing Sec. 24 Sec. 21. Same subject Sec. 25 119 Hbvtsto CONSTITUTIOK. Constitution of 1846. Sec. 22. Board of supervisors Sec. 23. Local legislative powers conferred on hoards of supervisors. . . Sec. 24. No extra compensation to he granted to a public officer, serv- ant, agent or contractor Sec. 25. Sections seventeen and eighteen not to apply to certain bills. . ABTICLE IV. Sec. 1. Executive power, how vested (amended by) Sec. 2. Requisite qualifications of Governor Sec. 3. Time and manner of electing Governor and Lieutenant-Gover- nor Sec. 4. Duties and power of Governor — his compensation Sec. 5. Pardoning power vested in the Goveilior Sec. 6. Powers of Governor to devolve on Lieutenant-Governor. ..... Sec. 7. Requisite qualifications of Lieutenant-Governor — To be Presi- dent of the Senate, and to act as Governor in certain cases . . (amended by) Sec. 8. Compensation of Lieutenant-Governor Sec. 9. Bills to be presented to the Governor for signature — If retuiaied by him with objections, how disposed of — Bills to be re- turned within, ten days — After adjonrnnu'nl, bills must be approved in thirty days, else cannot l.ec(;me law — Gover- nor may object to items of apprupiiaiiwn in any bill ARTICLE V. Sec. 1. State officers, how elected and terms of office, . ..(amended by) Sec. 2. State Engineer and Surveyor, how chosen' and term of office. . . (amended i)v) Sec. 3. Superintendent of Public Works, powers and duties . (amended by) Sec. 4. Superintendent of Prisons, powers and duties of. .(amended by) Sec. 5. Commissioners of the Lsiid Ofilce — Commissioners of the Canal F.ynd — Canal Board (amended by) Sec. G. Powders and duties of boards, etc Sec. 7. Treasurer maybe suspended by Governor Sec. 8. Certain offices abolished. Sec. 26 Sec. 27 Sec. 28 Sec. 23 Sec. 1 Sec. 2 Sec. 3 Sec. 4 Sec, 5 Sec. 6 Sec. 7 Sec. 8 Sec. 9 Sec. .1 Secs. 1,3 Sec. 3 Sec. 4 Sec. 5 Sec. 6 Sec. 7 Sec. 8 120 ARTICLE VI. Revisbd CONSTITUTIOK OF 1846. CONSTITUTKttT. Sec. 1. Impeachment — Assembly has power of — Effect of judg- ment Amended by Secs. 1 to 23, inclusive Sec. 2. Court of Appeals — Judges how chosen — Appointment of clerk ** Sec. 3. Vacancies in office of judge of Court of Appeals ; how filled. . “ Sec. 4. Causes pending in Court of Appeals to be referred to Commis- sioners of Appeals “ Sec. 5. Commissioners of Appeals — Vacancies; how filled — Chief commissioner to be appointed ** Sec. 6 Supreme Court — .1 urisdiction — Justices — Judicial districts; number of justices in ; may be altered without increasing number ** Sec. 7. Terms of Supreme Court “ Sec. 8. Judge or justice may not sit in review of decisions made by him, etc ** Sec. 9. Vacancies in office of justice of Supreme Court, how filled. . . “ Sec. 10. Judges of Court of Appeals, or justices of Supreme Court, to hold no other office ** Sec. 11. Removals — Proceedings in relation to “ Sec. 12. City Courts Sec. 13. Justice of Supreme Court or judge of city courts, how chosen — Term of office — Restriction as to age. “ Sec. 14. Compensation of judges or justices — Not to be diminished during term of office “ Sec. 15. County courts “ Sec. 16. Local judicial officers “ Sec. 17. Judge of Court of Appeals or justice of Supreme Court, election or appointment 'of — Question to be submitted to] people ** Sec. 18. Justices of the peace ** Sec. 19. inferior local courts .* “ Sec 20. Clerks of Supreme Court and Court of Appeals ** Sec. 21. No judicial officer, except justice of the peace, to receive fees '. “ Sec. 22. Judgments, etc., may be ordered directly to Court of Appeals for review “ 121 PiJIVIf?ED Constitution. Constitution of See. 23. Publication of statutes to be provided for — To be free to all Amended by sees. l_to 23, inclusive Sec. 24. Judges, first election of — When to enter upon duties “ Sec. 25. Local judicial officers — Term of office of present incumbents. . “ Sec. 26. Courts of Special Sessions “ Sec. 27. Surrogates’ Courts ** See. 28. Court of xlppeals may order causes to be beard by Commis- sion of Appeals Sec. 1. See. 2. Sec. 3. Sec. 4. Sec. 5. Sec. 6, Sec. 7. Sec. 8. Sec. t). Sec. 10. Sec. 11. Sec. 12. Sec. 13. Sec. 14. ARTICLE Vn. Canal debt. — Sinking fund — June 1, 1846, $1,300,000 June '1, 1855, $1,700,000 abrogated General fund debt— Sinking fund, $350,000; aftel' certain period, $1,500,000 abrogated Two hundred thousand dollars of the surplus canal revenues annually appropriated to general fund, and the remainder • to speciiic public works — Cerlalr^.. deficiencies in the revenues not exceeding $250,000, annually to be .supplied from the revenues of the canals — Contractors, no extra compensation to be made to (amended by) Sec. 9 Loans to incorporated companies not to be released or com- promised abrogated Legislature shall, by equitable taxes, increase the revenues Certain canals of tlie State not to be leased or sold — Expendi- tures, for collections and repairs, limited — Funds from leases or sale, how applied Sec. 8 Salt Springs abrogated Appropriation bills (Art. Ill, Sec. 21) State credit not to be loaned Sec. Power to contract debts limited Sec. Debts to repel invasion, etc., may be contracted Sec. Limitation of the legislative power in the creation of debts. . . (amended b}'^) Sec. Sinking funds to be separately kept and safely invested Sec. Claims barred by lapse of time— Limitation of existing claims (amended by) Sec. 122 ARTICLE Vm. Revis*© CJONSTITUTION OF 1846. CONSTITUTION. Sec. 1. Corporations, bow created Sec. 1 Sec. 2. Debts of corporations Sec. 2 Sec. 8. “Corporations” defined Sec. 3 Sec. 4. Charters for savings banks and banking purposes Sec. 4 Sec. 5. Specie payments Sec. 5 Sec. 6. Registry of bills or notes See. 6 Sec. 7. Individual responsibility of stockholders (amended by) Sec. 7 Sec. 8. Insolvency of banks, preference Sec. 8 Sec. 9. Legislature to provide for the incorporation of cities and vil- lages, and to define powers thereof in certain cases (Art. XII, Sec. 1) Sec. 10. The credit or money of the State not to given or loaned Sec. 9 Sec. 11. Counties, cities, towns and villages not to give money or property or loan their money or credit — Their power to contract debts limited Sec. 10 ARTICLE IX. Sec. 1. Common school, literature and United States deposit funds..., Sec. .8 ARTICLE X. Sec. 1, Sheriffs, clerks of counties, register and clerk of New York, coroners and district attorneys — Governor may remove. ... (amended by) Sec. 1 Sec. 2. Officers, how chosen or appointed Sec. 2 Sec. 3. Duration of oflBce Sec. 3 Sec. 4. Time of election Sec. 4 Sec. 5. Vacancies in office, how filled Sec. 5 Sec. G. Political year (amended by) Sec. G See. 7. Removal from office Sec. 7 See. 8. When office deemed vacant Sec. 8 Sec. 9. Compensation of certain officers Sec. 9 ARTICLE XI. Constitution on 1846. Sec. 1. Militia (amended by) Sec. 2. Manner of choosing or appointing militia officers. (amended by) Sec. 3. Officers to be appointed by Governor and Senate — Commis- • sary-General (amended by) - Sec. 4. Election of militia officers (amended by) Sec. 5. Officers, how commissioned (amended by Sec. 6. Election of militia officers may be abolished (amended by) Revisko CONSTITUTIOW. Secs. 1-6 inclu- sive. ARTICLE XII. ' Sec. 1. 'Oath of office prescribed (Art. XIII, Sec. 1) ARTICLE XIII. Sec. 1. Amendments (amended by) Sec. 1 Sec. 2. Futui'e conventions, how called .(amended b}0 Sec. 2 ARTICLE Xiy. o Sec. 1. Election — Term of office of Senators and members of Assembly abro, Sec. 2. First election of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, when. . . Sec. 3. State officers, and others, to remain in office till December 31, 1847 Sec. 4. First election ctf judicial officers, when * ** Sec. 5. Jurisdiction pending suits “ Sec. 6. Chancellor and' Suprem'j Cuuit — Masters in Chancery “ Sec. 7. Vacai-.oy'in office of chaiicei'cr, or justice of Supreme Court, how f) lied “ Sec. 8. Offices abolished. “ Sec. 9. Chancellor and ji4stices oi present Supreme Court, eligible. “ Sec. 10. Officers to hold until expiration of term. ** Sec. 11. Judicial officers may receive fees Sec. 12. Local courts to remain, etc. “ Sec. 13. When Constitution goes into operation . (amended.by) Art. XV, Sec. * / 124 ARTICLE XV. Rk VISED Constitution op 1846. Constitution. Sec. 1. Bribery and orru;i:d rorriiption (Art. XIII, Sec. 2) See. 2. The same .suliject (Art. XIII, Sec. 3) Sec. 3. Berson offeriiii^- or receiving bribe maybe witness (Art. XIII, Sec. 4) Sec. 4. Disti ict attorney may be removed for failure to prosecute violations — Expenses of prosecution, how chargeable (Art. XIII, Sec. 6) ‘ • - 'VA ARTICLE XVI. Sec. 1. Amendments, when to take effect (superseded by Art. XIV, Sec. 1 ] ; I D 125 SCHEDULE SHOWING PROPOSED AMENDMENTS AND WHERE THEY OCCUR IN THE REVISED CONSTITUTION. No. OF Third Revised Reading. Subject. Constitution. 1 Coroners « Art. X, Sec. 1 2 Bills to be printed Art. Ill, Sec. 15 D 3.. .. Speaker to be Governor Art. IV, Sec. 7 4.. .. Removal of $5,000 limitation Art. I, Sec. 18 5.. .. Power of President of Senate Art. Ill, Sec. 10 6.. .. Residence for voting purposes Art, II, Sec. 3 7 Salt Springs may be sold, see Art. VII, Sec. 7 8 Voting otherwise than by ballot Art. II, See. 5 9.. .. Abolition of Code Commission Art. I, Sec. 16 10.. .. Prohibiting riders” on appropriation bills Art. Ill, Sec. 22 11 Citizenship before voting Art. II, Sec. 1 12 Day of meeting of Legislature Art. X, Sec. 6 13. .. Prohibiting passes Art. XIII, Sec, 5 14. . . . Contract labor in prisons, etc Art. Ill, Sec. 29 15.. .. Bi-partisan election boards Art. II, Sec. ' 6 16 Education Art. IX, Secs. 1-4 17 Judiciary Art. VI, Secs. 1-23 18 Apportionment Art. Ill, Secs. 2-5 19.. .. Forest preserves Art. VII, Sec. 7 30 Registration of voters Art. II, Sec. 4 21.. .. Term of Governor Art. IV, Sec. 1 21 Terms of State officers Art. V, Secs. 1, 2 22.. .. Separation of elections Art. XII, Sec. 3 23 Canals (sale of Hamburg) . . , . Art. VII, Sec. 8 24 Canal improvements Art. VII, Secs. 9, 10 25. . . . Charities Art. VIII, Secs, 11-15 26.. .. Classification of cities Art. XII, Sec. 2 26 Debt limitation Art. VIII, Sec. 10 27.. .. Constitution to take effect Art. XV, Sec. 1 28.. .. Civil service Art. V, Sec, '9 29.. .. Drainage of agricultural lands Art. I, Sec. 7 30 Future amendments Art. XIV, Secs. 1-3 31 Liability of bank stockholders Art. VIII, Sec. 7 32.. .. Prohibiting pool-selling Art. I, Sec. 9 33. . . . Militia . Art. XI, Secs. 1-3 126 SCHEDULESHOWING SOURCES OP SECTIONS OP REVISED CONSTITUTION. KeVISED CONSTITUTIOK. Article I, Sec. 1 Article I, Sec. 2 Article I, Sec. 3 Article I, Sec. 4 Article I, Sec. 5 Article I, Sec. 6 Article I, Sec. 7 Article I, Sec. 8 Article I, Sec. 9 Article I, Sec. 10....: Article U Sec. 11 Article I, Sec. 12 Article I, Sec. 13 Article I, Sec. 14 Article T, Sec. 15 Article I, Sec. 16 Article I, Sec. 17 Article I, Sec. 18 Article II, Sec. 1 Article II, Sec. 2 Article II, Sec. 3 Article II, Sec. 4 Article II, Sec. 5 Article II, Sec. 6 Article Ill, Sec. 1.. Article Ill, Sec. 2 Article Ill, Sec. 3 ... Article Ill, Sec. 4 Article Ill, Sec. 5 Article Ill, Sec. 6 Article Ill, Sec. 7 Article Ill, Sec. 8 Article Ill, Sec. 9 Article Ill, Sec. 10 Article Ill, Sec. 11 Constitution op 1846. Article I, Sec^. 1. Art. I, Sec. 2. Art. I, Sec. 3. Art. I, Sec. 4. Art. I, Sec. 5. Art. I. Sec. 6. Art. I, Sec. 7, amended. Ai*t. I, Sec. 8. Art. I, Sec. 10, amended. Art. I, Sec. 11. Art. I, Sec. 12. Art. I, Sec. 13. Art. I, Sec. 14. Art. I, Sec. 15. Art. I, Sec. 16. Art. I, Sec. 17, amended. Art. I, Sec. 18. New. Art. II, Sec. 1, amended. Art. II, Sec. 2, amended on revision Art. II, Sec. 3, amended. Art. II, Sec. 4, amended. Art. II, Sec. 5, amended. New. Art. Ill, Sec. 1. New. New. New. New. Art. Ill, Sec. 6. Art. Ill, Sec. 7. Art. Ill, Sec. 8. Art. Ill, See. 9. Art. Ill, Sec. 10, amended. Art. Ill, Sec, 11. 157 Revtset) Constitution". Constitution of 1846. Article III, Sec. 12 Art. Ill, Sec. 12. Article Ill, Sec. 13 Art. Ill, Sec. 13. Article Ill, Sec. 14 Art. Ill, Sec. 14. Article Ill, Sec. 15.. Art. Ill, Sec. 15, amended. Article Ill, Sec. IG. Art. Ill, Sec. 16. Article Ill, Sec. 17 Art. Ill, Sec. 17. Article Ill, Sec. 18 Art. Ill, Sec. 18, amended Article li:. Sec. 19 Art. III, Sec. 19. Article Ill, Sec. 20..... Art. I, Sec. 9. Article Ill, Sec. 21 Art. VII, Sec. 8. Article Ill, Sec. 22 Nev, Article Ill, Sec. 23 A.t. ■f, Sec. 25. Article Ill, Sec. 24 Ai ;i. Sec. 20. Article Ill, Sec. 25 Ak N, Sec. 21. Article Ill, Sec. 26 An. ;'I, Sec. 22. - ’ Article Ill, Sec. 27 Art. '^^il. Sec. 23. ■ Article Ill, Sec. 28 Art. III, Sec. 24. ^ Article Ill, Sec. 29 New. Article IV, Sec. 1 Art. IV, Sec. 1, amended. Article IV, Sec. 2 Art. IV, Sec. 2. Article IV, Sec. 3 Art. IV, See. 3. Article IV, Sec. 4 Art. IV, Sec. 4. Article IV, Sec. 5 Art. IV. Sec. 5. Article IV, Sec. 6 Art. IV, Sec. 6. Article iv, Sec. 7 Art. IV, Sec. 7, amended. Article IV, Sec. 8 Art. IV, Sec. 8. Article IV, Sec. 9 Art. IV, Sec. 9. Article V, Sec. 1 Art. V, Sec. 1, amended. Article V, Sec. 2 New. Article V, Sec. 3 Art. V, Sec. 3, amended ' Article V, Sec. 4 Art. V, Sec. 4, amended Article V, Sec. 5 Art. V, Sec. 5, amended ' Article V, Sec. 6 Art. V, Sec. 6. Article V, Sec. 7 Il Art. V, Sec. 7. Article V, Sec. 8 Art. V, Sec. 8. Article V, Sec. 9 New, Article VI. Judiciarj’-, Secs. 1 to 23, # inclusive Art. VI, Secs. 1 to 28, inck Article VII, Sec. 1.... Art. VII, Sec. 9. 128 ... • REVlStl '.NaTITUTION. Ccws'i u«^N OF 1846. Article VII, See. 2 Art. VII, Sec. 10. Sec. 11. Sec. 12. imenclecl on revision Sec. 13. Sec. 14. Article VII, Sec. 3 Art. VII, Article VII, Sec. 4 Art. VII, Article VII, Sec. 5 Art. VII, Article VII, Sec. 6 Art. VII, Article VII, Sec. 7 New. Article VII, Sec. 8 Art. VII, Sec. 6, amended. Article VII, Sec. 9... Art. VII, Sec. 3, amended. Article VII, Sec. 10 New. Article VIII. Sec. 1 Art. VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 2 Art. VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 3 Art VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 4 Art. VIII. Article VIII, Sec. 5 Art. VIII, Article’ VIII, Sec. 6 Art. VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 7 Art. VIII, Article VIII. Sec. 8 Art. VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 9 • • VIII, Article VIII, Sec. 10 Ail. VIII, Article VIII, Secs. 11-15 Article IX, Sec. 1 Article IX, Sec. 2 Article IX, Sec. 3 IX, Sec. Article IX, Sec. 4 Article X, Sec. 1 X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 2 X. Sec. Article X, Sec. 3 X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 4 Art. X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 5 X. Sec. Article X; Sec. 6 X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 7 X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 8 X, Sec. Article X, Sec. 9...., X, Sec. Article XI, Sec. 1 XI, Sec. Article XI, Sec. 2 XI. Sec. Article XI, Sec. 3 XI, Sec. Article XI, Sec. 4 XI, Sec. Article XI, Sec. 5 XI, Sec. Revised Constitutiok. Constitution or ISlfi Article XI, See. 6.. C, amended. Article XII, Sec. X . . Art.VIII, Sec. Article XII, Sec. 2.. Article XII, Sec. 3.. Xcv. Ai-ticle XIII, Sec. 1.. Art. Xll, Sec. fiv ' Article XIII, Sec. 2.. Article XIII, Sec. 3.. Art. XV, Sec. 2 " ■ - m : Article XIII, Sec. 8. Bt.. . ; Article XIII, Sec. 5.. i- Article XIII, Sec. 6.. i . Article XI V, Sec. 1.. 1, amended. Article XIV, Sec. 2.. Art. XTII, Sec. 2, amended. Article XIV, Sec. 3.. - Article XV, Sec. 1.. Art. XIV. Sec. 13.