THE LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. THE LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. PROVIDENCE: KNOWLES, ANTHONY & CO., PRINTERS. 1 8 6 5 . / THE LAWS OE BROWN UNIVERSITY. OF THE COURSES OF INSTRUCTION, AND THE OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The following courses of instruction shall be given in the University. To them, however, others may, from time to time, be added, according to the pleasure of the Corporation. 1. A course of instruction in the Latin Language and Literature. 2. A course of instruction in the Greek Language and Literature. 3. A course of instruction in Modern Languages. 4. A course of instruction in Mathematics. 5. A course of instruction in Natural Philosophy. 6. A course of instruction in Chemistry and Physiology. 7. A course of instruction in the English Language and Literature, and Rhetoric and Oratory. 8. A course of instruction in Moral and Intellectual Phi- losophy, and the Evidences of Christianity. 9. A course of instruction in History and Political Economy. 10. A course of instruction in the Application of Chemistry to the Arts. 11. A. course of instruction in Agriculture, and the Mechanic Arts. The regular course of instruction in the Latin and Greek Languages shall extend through a year and a half. It will be O £5 o J 4 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. the duty of the Professors in these departments not to confine themselves to grammatical analysis, but to advance to the higher principles of interpretation, and to cultivate in the student a taste for classical beauty and an acquaintance with the phases of civilization, the modes of thought, and the lead- ing political events to which these writings relate. Weekly exercises in written translation of Latin and Greek into English, or vice versa , will be demanded, and the Professor will specially require that every translation be correct in grammar, orthogra- phy, and style. A third class, in either of the ancient languages, may be formed for such as desire it. In the course of Modern Languages, provision shall be made for instruction in French and German. In the early part of the course, it shall be the object of the Professor to communicate a grammatical knowledge of the language, in order to enable the student to use it as a means of investigation. As the course advances, instruction will be given in the literature of the lan- guage. Unless by permission of the faculty, no student shall commence the study of a second modern language, until he has pursued, for one year, the study of that already commenced. The regular course of Mathematics shall continue for a year and a half, commencing with the elements of Geometry and Algebra, and proceeding to the more complicated relations of quantity. It is the design of the corporation, that this study be so taught as to strengthen, in the best manner, the reasoning faculty of the student, cultivate the power of original demons- tration, and render him familiar with the application of mathe- matical theorems to the practical business of life. For this purpose, original problems will be given out to the class during the whole of their mathematical course. The course of Mathematics will embrace Geometry and Algebra ; Trigonometry, plane and spherical, and its applica- tion to mensuration of heights and distances ; Navigation and Surveying. Classes may be formed for the more advanced students in Analytical Geometry, the Differential and Integral Calculus, Analytical Mechanics, and Physical Astronomy. In the course of Natural Philosophy the laws of Physics will LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 5 be illustrated and developed. For this purpose, all the neces- sary apparatus will be provided, and the student, as far as practicable, be accustomed to the use of it. The course of Natural Philosophy will embrace experimental lectures on Statics, Dynamics, Hydrostatics and Hydronamics, Pneumatics, Principles of Sound and Vibrations and Optics, and Plane and Practical Astronomy. In the course of instruction in chemistry, the Professor will be expected to unfold the laws of the science, and illustrate them by suitable experiments, and to explain the relation of chemical laws to the various phenomena of nature. Continual reference to this design will be had in the assignment of themes in this department. In the course in Physiology it will be the design of the Professor to teach the classifications of the animal and vege- table kingdom, the most important modifications of organized structure, and the laws to which animal and vegetable life is subjected, with special reference to the subjects of health and regimen. The course in Rhetoric and English Literature will embrace instruction in the formation of sentences, the cultivation of style, the construction of a discourse., the principles of criti- cism, and the history of the English language. The practice of writing shall be cultivated by means of essays to be pre- sented weekly. Exercises in public speaking, under the di- rection of the Professor of this department, shall be attended by the class every week. The course in Intellectual Philosophy shall embrace instruc- tion in the nature and operation of the powers of the human mind, and the laws of their action, with the design of render- ing the student familiar with the principles by which his facul- ties may be developed, and rendered more useful in the dis- covery and dissemination of truth. In the course in Moral Philosophy the nature of the moral faculty and the laws by which it is governed shall be taught, and the duties of man to God, and those to his fellow man, both civil, social and domestic, shall be explained and enforced. This subject shall not be taught merely as a system of abstract 6 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. rules, but the Professor shall make it his object to eradicate error, inculcate ethical truth, enforce moral obligation, and strive to form the character of his pupils on the principles of the Christian Religion. The course in History shall embrace instruction in the man- ner of prosecuting Historical Studies, followed by a view of the rise, progress, and present condition of the existing nations of modern Europe, with an illustration of the principles which enter into the formation of civil society ; the history of our own government ; and an exposition of the Constitution of the United States. The course in Political Economy will explain the nature of wealth, the laws of its accumulation, and the principles by which national prosperity is determined, compare the econom- ical institutions of different countries, and of the same country at different times, with an exposition of their effects upon the industrial progress of each. Application of Chemistry to the Arts. This course is de- signed for the benefit of such students as may desire to engage in those practical arts, to the successful pursuit of which, a knowledge of chemistry is indispensable. It shall be the duty of the Professor to give instruction in the principles and prac- tice of chemical analysis, so as to enable the student to prose- cute investigations for himself. He will also explain the most important processes in the arts, and keep his class informed of such improvements in the progress of the arts as come to the knowledge of the scientific world. The course in Agriculture and the Mathematic Arts. This © course shall embrace scientific Agriculture, including agricul- tural chemistry, agricultural zoology, and agricultural botany ; geology and mineralogy ; theoretical, and as far as may be con- veniently, practical instruction in the mechanic arts ; and mili- tary tactics. LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. i SECTION II. OF THE DUTIES OF PROFESSORS. It is expected that every Professor will devote himself earn- estly to the duties of his department, with which no other pur- suit may interfere. According to the nature of the subject, the teaching may be by text-book or by lecture, accompanied by the writing of essays and exercises, and the solution of problems. It will be the duty of the Professor to illustrate every subject capable of visible illustration by diagrams and experiments ; to direct his clafes to such authors as will be most useful in the prosecution of their studies, and examine M them daily, as he may deem expedient. It shall be his chief aim to produce mental discipline in his pupils, to excite an ardent love of learning, and create in them both the desire and ability to prosecute their studies with interest and profit after their course of University instruction is completed. Each Professor will consider himself an officer of discipline as much as of instruc- tion, charged with the special supervision of his own class. He will take notice of every instance of irregularity, absence or violation of the laws, whether in his own class or elsewhere, and take measures at once to correct it. If his own efforts be unsuccessful, or the offence is repeated, he will report it to the President. The times of lectures shall be so arranged that ten minutes of recreation may be allowed between the close of one and the commencement of another. Every Professor, immediately after the daily examination of each student, shall record in his note-book the numerical value of such examination. In the same book he shall record what- ever demerit any student may have incurred for insufficiency of preparation, absence without sufficient excuse, disturbance, or culpable negligence during the time of lecture. No allow- ance is ever to be made for repeated negligence or habitual in- dolence. 8 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. The roll of the class shall be called at the commencement of every exercise, and a report of all absences shall be made to the President, in which it shall be specified whether such absences are excused, or without excuse. On or before Tuesday of every week, every officer shall make to the President a report of the standing of every stu- dent for the week preceding, in which shall be recorded the numerical average of his examinations for the week, together with the demerits which for every cause, except absence, he may have incurred. The Faculty shall meet weekly, at such hour as they may appoint. They shall choose a Secretary, who shall keep a per- manent record of all their doings. The President shall be a Professor, entitled to the salary, and responsible for the dutes of that office. He shall be enti- tled to a salary in addition, as President of the Institution. He shall preside at the meetings of the Faculty, at which he shall be entitled to one vote as Professor, and a casting vote when the votes of the Faculty are equally divided. It shall be his duty to lay before the Faculty all matters relating to the wel- fare of the Institution which seem to him to require their attention. The President shall be charged with the execution of the laws of the University, under the direction of the Board of Fellows. He shall have power to rule, govern and direct the University, and all matters relating thereto, and likewise all the students and resident graduates, according to the laws ; and it is hereby provided that in all emergencies, the President shall have authority to adopt and execute, at his discretion, such measures not inconsistent with the charter, statutes and regu- lations of this Institution, as he may deem expedient for securing the full benefit of the prescribed course of study, and the due exercise of discipline. He, or such officer as he shall appoint to officiate in his absence, shall perform the religious services of the chapel. He shall matriculate every student who enters the University, and grant permission to others to take a single study or separate course, as the Board of Fellows shall direct. He shall make a written report once a year to the corporation LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 9 of the condition of the University, and he shall offer any sug- gestions, and propose any measures, which, in his opinion, would tend to its improvement. He shall see that a regular and separate account is kept of the character and standing of every student ; and he shall promptly dismiss every student whose standing, either moral or literary, is such as to require dismission according to law. The necessary apparatus for illustration, as well as conve- nient rooms for the delivery of Lectures, shall be provided by the Corporation ; but every Professor shall hold himself respon- sible for the condition of his lecture-room, and for the preser- vation and good order of the apparatus and instruments com- mitted to his charge. The Corporation have the authority to remove any officer, when, in their judgment, the good of the Institution demands it ; and also to appoint any person or persons of good moral character and ascertained competency, to teach in the Univer- sity in any department of science or learning, as they may approve. The emolument of no Professor shall be diminished except at six months previous notice ; and no Professor shall resign without permission, except at the end of a term, and after hav- ing given two months previous notice of his intention to do so. SECTION III. OF STUDENTS. No student shall be admitted as a candidate for matricula- tion unless he bring suitable testimonials of good moral char- acter ; and if he comes from another College or an Academy, he must also present a certificate of regular dismission and of good standing in the institution which he has left. The earliest age at which it will be advantageous for a stu- dent to enter the University, is at the completion of the fifteenth year ; the President is, however, authorized to matriculate a 10 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. student at an earlier age, provided sufficient and peculiar reasons exist, and his parent or guardian places him under such moral supervision as is satisfactory to himself. The form of matriculation is as follows : — A student who wishes to become a member of the University must first pre- sent his testimonials to the President, who, if satisfied with his evidences of good character, will admit him as a candidate for examination, and direct him to the officers by whom he is to be examined for admission. If his examination, when reported to the Faculty, be satisfactory, the student shall sign a declaration of his deliberate intention to obey all the laws of the Univer- sity so long as he shall remain a member of it. The President shall then give him a certificate of matriculation, which will entitle him to make the customary arrangements with the Reg- ister, and proceed with the studies of his class. As soon as a student is matriculated, the Register shall send by mail to his parent or guardian, (if he be a minor,) a copy of the laws of the University. A student, candidate for a degree, entering upon an advanced standing, shall be examined, and give satisfactory evidence of his being prepared to join his class. No student shall be admitted a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, unless he sustain his examinations satisfacto- rily in Arithmetic and Algebra as far as Quadratic Equations, Ancient and Modern Geography, English Grammar, and the use of the English Language, and in the Latin and Greek Languages. He shall be able to translate and analyze gram- matically the Greek Reader, or an equivalent portion of some classical Greek Author ; the Hdneid of Virgil, Csesar’s Com- mentaries, and Six Orations of Cicero, or an equivalent amount of Latin, and be able to translate English into Latin and Greek. Each Professor is the examiner in his own department, and is charged with the duty of seeing that these requirements are fulfilled!, For entrance for the degree of B. P., the examina- tions shall be the same, except that the candidate need be ex- amined only in the preparatory studies of that Ancient Lan- guage which he intends to pursue, if he elect to pursue one. Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, who LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 11 do not study an Ancient Language, and candidates for Select Courses, shall be examined in a similar manner in all the above studies, with the exception of the Ancient Languages and Ancient Geography. Of Lectures and Examinations. Every student shall appear at the lecture-room of his class, punctually at the hour ap- pointed, provided with a note-book, pen and ink, and shall take notes of every lecture delivered unless otherwise directed. Deficiency in this respect shall be noted by the Professor. There shall be two classes of examinations for the students of the University. The first is the daily examination above mentioned, in connection with the daily lecture. The second is the examination at the close of each term. The examination at the close of each term shall be conducted as follows : The faculty shall appoint, for each class, one or more of its own number ; and the corporation, such other per- sons as they please, and these, together with the instructor, shall constitute committees of examination. The President shall, however, if he see fit, be excused from serving on the examination of any class except his own. The examinations may be oral or written. When they are in writing, the Professor shall prepare, in writing, a list of questions to be proposed to his class at their examination. At the hour appointed, the students of the class to be ex- amined shall take their places in the lecture-room. The writ- ten questions shall then, for the first time, be presented to them, and they shall be required to give their answers in writing, with their names subscribed. When, in the judgment of the Committee, a sufficient time has been allowed for preparing the answers, the examination shall be closed and the papers handed in. The Professor shall then prepare a report, in which he shall mark, numerically, the value which he attaches to each answer. From this report, and the weekly reports of proficiency and conduct, the relative standing of all the students in each class shall be determined in the following manner. The .weekly reports of the student in each study shall be added together. From this sum shall be deducted the demerits incurred in that 12 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. study, and a proportionate amount of all other demerits. The remainder, divided by the number of his weeks of study, shall give the standing in each study by term reports. To this numerical standing multiplied by three, shall be added the standing attained by the term examination and this sum divided by four, shall be his standing in that study for the term. The standing attained in all his classes added together and divided by the number of classes attended, shall give the final standing for the term. When this has been done, the whole class shall be arranged numerically. The maximum of attainment being fixed for scholarship and conduct, those students whose numbers amount to 75 per cent, of this maximum, shall comprise the first class of honor ; those w^hose numbers amount to more than 50 and less than 75 per cent., shall form the second class : those whose numbers amount to more than 25 and less than 50 per cent., the third class ; and those whose numbers amount to 25 per cent, and less, shall belong to the fourth class. All except those in the fourth class shall be entitled to a certificate of pro- ficiency, in which shall be stated the rank to which they have attained. If a student shall fall below 25 per cent, in his exam- ination, he shall be required to review the study and present himself for a second examination before he be allowed to pro- ceed with his class. The rank which every student has attained, together with the account of his conduct, (if he be a minor,) shall be sent to his parent or guardian at the close of every term, or oftener if he desire it. A student, who, without satisfactory excuse, shall absent himself from any term examination, shall be entitled to no cer- tificate, and be liable to dismission at the pleasure of the Faculty. LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 13 SECTION IV. DEGREES. The regular degrees conferred in this University are the Degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, and Mas- ter of Arts in course for those who three years before took the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. The Degree of Bachelor of Arts is to be given only to students who pursue the regular and full academic course of four years. In order to obtain this degree, the student must have completed the following courses of instruction : Each of the Ancient Languages for one year and a half; Mathematics for one year and a half ; One Modern Language for one year ; Natural Philosophy for one year ; Rhetoric and English Literature for one year ; Chemistry and Physiology for one year ; History for one year ; Intellectual and Moral Philosophy for one year : And three others of one term each, which must be selected from the courses in Political Economy,- Geology, a second Mod- ern Language, advanced Latin, advanced Greek, or from advanced courses in any of the other departments. The Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy is incidental and sub- ordinate ; designed for those only whose circumstances require them to pursue scientific studies, rather than a complete course of liberal education. In order to obtain this Degree, the student, having been reg- ularly examined for entrance, must be proficient in nine courses of one year each. These must be, if classical studies are pur- sued, two courses in the department of the Ancient Languages, one in a Modern Language, one in Mathematics, one in Rhe- toric, one in History, and one in Intellectual and Moral Philos- ophy. The two remaining courses must be selected from the courses in Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and Physiology, Po- 14 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. litical Economy and Geology, or from advanced courses in any of the other departments. If classical studies are not pursued, the courses must be one in Mathematics, one in Modern Language, one in Rhetoric, one in Chemistry and Physiology, one in Natural Philosophy, one in History, and one in Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. The two remaining courses must be selected from Political Econ- omy, Geology, a second Modern Language, or from advanced courses in any of the other departments. Students not candidates for a degree may, in special cases? take a select course under the direction of the Faculty. The Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy does not entitle the graduate to the Degree of Master of Arts in course. SECTION V. OF DISCIPLINE. The principles which are intended to control the discipline of this Institution are the following : 1. The Corporation enact such laws as they believe adapted to promote the ends for which the University is established, namely, the moral and intellectual improvement of the young gentlemen who may be committed to their charge. 2 . Every student who becomes a member of the University is required to promise obedience to the Laws. 8. Every parent or guardian, (if the student be a minor,) is also furnished with a copy of the laws, so that, if he does not approve of them, he may withdraw the student under his charge immediately. 4. These conditions being mutually understood, and any student being at liberty at any time to withdraw, with all the testimonials of standing and character to which he is entitled ; if they are repeatedly or deliberately violated, the relation between the parties must cease by the dismission of the stu- dent. And, moreover, an institution of learning being designed LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 15 for the purpose of affording intellectual and moral culture to those who desire to avail themselves of its advantages, it can never be made the resort of the idle, the negligent and the dis- solute. A system of discipline should therefore be adopted for such an institution, which will, after a sufficient trial, inevitably lead to the dismission of those whose residence can be of no benefit either to themselves or to the University. In order to accomplish the above objects, the following reg- ulations are established : — Immediately after the daily examination of each student, the Professor shall affix a numerical mark to his name, desig- nating the value of his examination. For a perfect recitation the number shall be 20, fora less perfect one a smaller number, and for a deficiency, 0. If the deficiency has been satisfactorily explained before the commencement of the lecture, that is, if it has arisen from cir- cumstances over which the student had no control, no other mark shall be added. If the explanation be unsatisfactory, or if no explanation be offered, it shall incur an additional mark of demerit of from 5 to 20. Disturbance in chapel, or in lecture- room, or in any part of the College premises, shall incur a demerit of from 5 to 20. Absence from lecture at the time of calling the roll, unless previous permission be given, or unless the reason why such permission could not be requested be rendered, shall incur a demerit of from 5 to 20. The demerit may be cancelled by the Professor for sufficient cause. Intemperance, licentiousness, profanity, or any conduct which renders a student an unfit associate for young gentlemen of correct habits, will be punished with immediate dismissal from the University. The attendance of students upon Theatres, or similar unsuit- able places of amusement, is forbidden, and for a violation of this law it shall be the duty of the President to dismiss a student from the University. All students of this University are required to attend pub- lic worship twice on the Sabbath. For this purpose each one 16 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. shall report to the President, at the beginning of every term, the church which he will attend. Every officer will report to the President, absences of every kind. Once in every week, at an appointed hour, he will also report the standing of every student under his charge, with the merits and demerits of each. No officer, however, is to con- sider his duty fulfilled by the mere act of presenting a report. It will be his duty to see the members of his class in private, as soon as their progress in learning, or their conduct begins to be unsatisfactory, and by all honorable motives and judicious counsel, labor to cultivate in them a love of excellence and an earnest desire to improve their advantages to the utmost. The President shall cause an accurate account to be opened with every student in a book prepared for this purpose. In it shall be entered his merit and demerit in every class which he attends, so as to present, weekly, the precise standing in all respects of every individual. This account, or the aggregate of it, shall be sent to the parent or guardian of every student (if he be a minor,) at the close of every term. Whenever the demerits of a student for any term amount to 50, it shall be the duty of the President to inform his parent or guardian of the fact ; and whenever his demerits amount to 100, to dismiss him from the University, and to inform his parent or guardian that he has done so. As it is not the intention of the Corporation to provide board for the students, and as the College building may not be suffi- cient to furnish them with dormitories, each parent or guardian will be at liberty to seek for his son or ward suitable accommo- dations elsewhere. The rooms in College for the use of stu- dents, shall be assigned by the President, it being understood that only those persons will be allowed to occupy them, whose deportment is in all respects quiet and orderly. If a student occupy a room in College, he will be required to keep it in a neat and orderly manner, to open his door at all times to an officer of instruction or discipline, and to obey all the regulations prescribed for his government. No student is permitted to use camphene or any burning fluid, to keep in his room gunpowder, fire arms, or any dan- LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 17 gerous weapon, or any intoxicating liquor, or allow noise or any disturbance in his apartment. Inasmuch as great inconvenience and irregularity would re- sult from the occasional absence of students from College dur- ing term time, permission of absence, except for causes of ur- gent necessity, shall not be granted. The laws of the University extend over the whole period from the commencement to the close of the term, no portion of any week being exempted from them. From 10 o’clock until evening on Saturday, is allotted to exercise and recreation. No student whose conduct is such as to give annoyance to others shall be permitted to occupy a room in the College buildings. SECTION VI. MISCELLANEOUS. It shall be the duty of the Register to ascertain the names of suitable persons who desire to furnish students with board and lodging. A list of such places shall be kept by him, from which parents or students may make a selection at will. No student shall board or lodge at any house which is not thus approved. Students lodging in the city are under the same regulations in respect to attendance on all the exercises required, as those in the University buildings. They are equally forbidden to leave the city or such limits as the President may prescribe, without permission, or to visit any place of improper amuse- ment. For immoral conduct they shall be liable to the same punishments as other students. No public meeting of students shall be held except by per- mission of the President. There shall be two terms in each Collegiate year ; the first beginning on the first Friday after Commencement, and con- tinuing twenty weeks, after which there shall be a vacation of three weeks. The second term shall commence at the close of 3 18 LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. the first vacation, and continue twenty-one weeks, after which there shall be a vacation till Commencement. There shall be a recess of one week near the middle of each term. The exercises of every day shall commence with prayer and the reading of the Scriptures. Absence from prayers shall incur the same demerit as from recitation. Commencement shall be held on the first Wednesday of Sep- tember. Bachelors of Arts and Bachelors of Philosophy, of the two higher grades of honor, shall be entitled to Orations at Com- mencement. In case the number of graduates entitled to Ora- tions be so large that the whole cannot be allowed to speak, a selection shall be made, by the Faculty, from those graduates in each degree who have most successfully cultivated the prac- tice of Rhetoric and Oratory. There shall be an exhibition in each year of the class of Rhetoric and English Literature, at such time as the Faculty may appoint. . It shall be the duty of the Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature, with the advice of the President, to superintend the exercises at Commencement, and the Public Exhibitions under such regulations as the Faculty may prescribe. The Register shall, under the direction of the President, have the charge of the buildings and grounds of the University ; he shall employ and superintend such servants as may be required for keeping the dormitories and halls clean and in good order ; he shall be an officer of discipline, residing in the College buildings, and daily reporting to the President every violation of the laws which may come within his knowledge ; he shall keep such books pertaining to the discipline of the University as shall be directed by the Faculty, and shall render annually to the Corporation a full account of all moneys received and paid out by him ; shall collect all the dues from students to the University, and pay them to the Treasurer ; he shall take charge of the funds of students when it is desired either by their parents or guardians, and perform such services in his department as shall be required by the Corporation. The President shall have authority, at his discretion, to direct LAWS OF BROWN UNIVERSITY. 19 any student to vacate his room. The price of room-rent shall be fixed by the Corporation. Every student when he becomes a member of the Univer- sity, shall deposit with the Register a sum sufficient to pay his bill for a term. COMMITTEES OF THE CORPORATION. At the annual meeting of the Corporation, besides making appropriations for salaries for the ensuing year, the following Committees shall be appointed : An Auditing Committee on the Treasurer’s Accounts. A Real Estate Committee on necessary repairs of Build- ings and Fences, and the leasing of Lots. A Finance Committee on all extraordinary expenditures, not exceeding $200, and on the Register’s Accounts ; and to authorize and approve all bills for incidental expenses, before they are allowed and paid. A Joint Committee of three on the Library, the other part of the Committee being appointed by the Faculty. A Committee of two in addition to the President, on Scholar- ships. All Laws inconsistent with the foregoing ones, are hereby repealed. . . ■ . . 3 0112 078041636 i