STRANGERS'GUIDE Price 50 Cts. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN IN MEMORY OF STEWART S. HOWE JOURNALISM CLASS OF 1928 STEWART S. HOWE FOUNDATION 917.53 M83 1875 I .H.S. \ MORRISON'S Stranger's wuide WASHINGTON CITY. Illustrate iuitf) Numerous jBncjrarjtnQ.s. Entirely Rewritten and Brought Down to the Present Time. WASHINGTON, D. C. : W. II. & O. H. MOKEISON. 18 75. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, By W. H. & O. H. MORRISON, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. ^17.53 I87S NOTICE. We present to the public a tenth and enlarged edition of the Guide. It has been rewritten, and embraces a description of the public buildings, grounds, and objects of interest in the city and vicinity. The visitor in Washington has long felt the want of a guide that would conduct him from point to point, and describe the different objects along the route. This the present volume proposes to do. Our city is too large, and the places of note too widely separated, to be prop- erly visited in one day ; consequent^', we have extended the time to four days, and divided the city into four sections. The first day to be consumed in visiting the Cap- itol and all east of it ; the second in visiting that portion lying between the Capitol and Fifteenth Street, W. ; the third in visiting all west of Fifteenth Street, including Georgetown and Arlington ; and the fourth, if the visi- tor is so inclined, may be devoted to a sail down the river to Alexandria and Mount Vernon. Should the visitor have time for but one day's stay in Washington, he will find, excepting the Capitol and Treasury, the chief and most accessible objects of interest in the second day's route. A list of the Churches, Hotels, Theatres, Depots, and Railways, is also appended. CONTENTS. PAGE Washington City 5 The Capitol Buildings — Gen- eral Description 9 Providence Hospital 48 St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church 49 Navy Yard 49 Government Hospital for the Insane 50 Marine Barracks 51 Christ Church 51 Naval Hospital 51 Congressional Cemetery 52 Institute for the Deaf and Dumb 55 Government Printing-Office, 55 Government Botanical Gar- den 57 Arsenal 59 Smithsonian Institution 61 National Museum 63 Department of Agriculture.. 65 Museum of Agriculture 66 Conservatory 67 Propagating Garden 67 Franklin Square 68 Columbian University 69 Army Medical Museum 69 Masonic Temple 71 Patent Office 72 Post-Office Department 74 Judiciary Square and City Hall 75 PAGE Eock Creek Church and Cem- etery 77 National Military Cemetery, 77 Soldiers' Home 77 Howard University 79 Treasury Department 80 Cash Room 83 Department of Justice 84 President's House So Washington Monument 88 Lafayette Square 89 Corcoran Art Gallery 90 War Department 92 Navy Department 93 Winder's Building 94 Signal Office 95 National Observatory 95 Georgetown 97 Arlington House 98 The Cemetery 99 Georgetown College 100 Convent of the Visitation.... 101 Georgetown High Service Reservoir 101 Oak Hill Cemetery 101 Scott Statue 102 Louise Home 103 Mount Vernon 106 Alexandria 109 Churches 109 Hotels 113 Railroads 114 Streetcars 114 Theatres 116 WASHINGTON CITY. ASHINGTON, the seat of Government of the United States, is situated upon the Potomac, at the head of tide-water and of navigation, at the confluence of the Ana- costia. The Potomac is the broadest river in the Union, and one of the most beautiful. At its mouth it is 1\ miles wide; at Washington its width is \\ miles; while the Anacostia at its mouth is about as wide as the main stream. A grand natural amphitheatre is formed by a chain of low wooded hills encircling the city on the east, north, and west, the sides and tops of which afford com- manding views. The site is one of the most beautiful in the Union, and admirably adapted to manufactures and com- merce. But owing to the immediate vicinity of Baltimore and Alexandria, and the official gifts of 6 STRANGERS GUIDE the Government, the attention of the inhabitants has never turned toward the great natural advan- tages of the position for business enterprises. The city is contemporaneous with the Capitol. Prior to the location of the seat of government at this place, there was not even a village where the beautiful city now stretches its broad avenues. The act establishing the seat of government at its present location was passed July 16, 1790 ; and in 1800 the transfer from Philadelphia took place. The present population is about 150,000. The grandeur of the j)lan of the city, and the distances of the public edifices from each other, . with the slender aid afforded by Congress, have retarded its growth and the completion of the original design. But these difficulties are being overcome, and, since 1861, there has been new life infused into the slug- gish spirit that made Washington known as " a city of distances." In 1870 the real improvements began in earnest, and Washington, with its lovely parked streets and avenues, its completed and newly begun public buildings and elegant private residences, is, perhaps, the most beautiful city in the Union. The prosperity and comfort of the city is greatly enhanced by the munificent supply of water through the grand aqueduct recently completed. The consumption of water, daily, is TO WASHINGTON CITY. 7 about 17,000,000 gallons, the largest quantity pro- portionately to size of any city in the world, it is said. On the 21st of February, 1871, an Act of Con- gress was passed, declaring that all that part of the territory of the United States included within the limits of the District of Columbia should be created into a government by the name of the said district, and that the executive power and authority in and over the same should be vested in a Governor, who should be appointed by the President; and the legislative power be vested in a legislative assembly. Under this act the President appointed Henry D. Cooke, Governor, who resigned September, 1873, when Alexander R. Shepherd was appointed his successor, and remained in office until June, 1874; when the act of February, 1871, was amended by abolishing the executive and the legislature, and vesting the authority temporarily in three Com- missioners. Under this act the President appointed Hon. Henry T. Blow, Hon. John H. Ketcham, and Hon. William Dennison, Commissioners, who entered upon the discharge of their duties July, 1874. In the large buildings situated on Four-and-a- Half Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and C Street, known as the Morrison Buildinas, are the 8 STRANGER'S GUIDE. municipal offices generally, such as that of the District Commissioners, the Tax Collector, the Register, and the Fire Department. This last building, which is admirably adapted, both by situation and by large and commodious fire-proof structures, for the purposes to which it is now de- voted, was until lately partially occupied by the Supreme Court of the United States, for its con- ference-room and library. These being removed to the Capitol gave the District Government the opportunity of getting into the buildings. THE CAPITOL AND ALL EAST OF IT, THE CAPITOL. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. HE Capitol has a noble and commanding situation upon the brow of what is known as Capitol Hill, in about the centre of the plot of the city, and a mile northeast of the Potomac. The beautiful white dome spring- ing so airily into the sky, is visible for miles around, while from it a magnificent view of the surround- ing country may be obtained, amply rewarding the exertion of climbing to the outlook. The river is seen to emerge from the narrow gorges of the hills in the direction of the Blue Ridge ; suddenly it turns from a nearly eastern to a southern direc- tion, and meeting with the ocean tides it widens into a bay, a mile in width, whose placid waters 10 STRANGER'S GUIDE mirror the elevated slopes which wall it in on either side. The Capitol, like Koine, was not built in a day. It has gradually grown with the country, and like the country, it was modelled upon a grand scale, and with an eye to future enlargements. The cor- ner-stone of the old building, which now constitutes the centre of the new edifice, was laid on the 18th UNITED STATES CAPITOL. of September, 1793, by General Washington, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens, and with imposing ceremonials. The plan was drawn by Dr. Thornton, and the work executed under several successive architects (Messrs. Hallet, Had- field, Hoban, and Latrobe), but was not complete when it was destroyed by the British army, in 1814. It was rebuilt in the course of the succeed- TO WASHINGTON CITY. 11 ing ten years, but after a quarter of a century it was found inadequate in many respects to the pub- lic convenience. It is 352 feet 4 inches in length. The width of the wings is 121 feet, and the width of the centre, including the portico and steps, 290 feet. This whole structure, including centre and wings, became the centre of the new building. The corner-stone of the new wings was laid by President Fillmore, on the 4th of July, 1851. Mr. Webster delivered an oration on the occasion. The wings are connected with the main building by corridors, each 44 feet in length, and 55 in width. They are each 324 feet in length, from east to west, including porticos and steps, by 152 feet 8 inches, from north to south, including porticos. The total length of the whole edifice is 751 feet 4 inches. The material of the old building is yellow sand- stone, which has been painted white to beautify and preserve it. The wings are of white marble. The architecture is Corinthian ; and the style of finish, exterior and interior, is elaborate. The new dome rises 241 feet above the top of the building, and 396 feet 4 inches above the level of the grounds, or only 4 feet less than St. Paul's, and 36 feet less than St. Peter's. The material of the dome is cast iron, and the entire roof is of copper. 12 STRANGER'S GUIDE The entire amount appropriated by Congress, since 1800 to date, for the construction and preser- vation of the Capitol, is over 813,000,000. It is supposed that the visitor will approach the Capitol through the west grounds, and after as- cending the terrace and interior stairways, enter the Rotunda through the west door. THE ROTUNDA Is 96 feet in diameter and 180 feet high to the Canopy, which is 6o feet in diameter. This Canopy is decorated by a fresco by Brumidi, representing a deification of Washington, with Freedom on his right, and Victory on his left, while thirteen female figures in the foreground represent the original States. At the base are six groups designed as an allegorical representation of the Revolution. The artist and his assistants received 839,000 for their work, and the cost of the material is estimated at over 810,000. A nearer view may be obtained from a platform immediately beneath the Canopy in ascending to the top of the Dome. The circular wall about the sides of the Rotunda is divided into eight panels, occupied by historical paintings. Four of them are illustrative of Rev- olutionary events, and were executed by Colonel TO WASHINGTON CITY. 13 John Trumbull, of Connecticut, an aid-de-cainp to Washington. They represent the Declaration of Independence ; the Surrender of General Burgoyne, at Saratoga ; the Surrender of Cornwallis, at York- town ; and the Resignation of the Command of the Army by General Washington to Congress, at Annapolis, at the conclusion of peace. The other paintings in the four opposite panels, are, respect- ively, the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir ; the Landing of Columbus, by Vanderlyn; De Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi, by Powell ; and the Baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman. The paintings are all by American artists. PAINTINGS IN THE ROTUNDA. These paintings contain many portraits painted from life, and deserve a special description on ac- count of their value as truthful representations ■ of noted people, and episodes in our history as a nation. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. The hall, with its furniture, and the dress of the figures, are correctly pictured in this portrayal of the memorable moment of Signing the Declaration of Independence. The persons represented are, 14 STRAXGER'S GUIDE beginning on the left and continuing to the right, 1, George Wythe, of Virginia ; 2, William Whip- ple, and 3, Josiah Bartlett, of New Hampshire ; 4, Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia; 5, Thomas Lynch, of South Carolina ; 6, R. H. Lee, of Vir- ginia ; 7, Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts; 8, SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. George Clinton, of New York ; 9, William Paca, and 10, Samuel Chase, of Maryland; 11, Lewis Morris, and 12, William Floyd, of New York ; 13, Arthur Middleton, and 14, Thomas Heyward, of South Carolina ; 1 5, Charles Carroll, of Mary- land ; 16, George Walton, of Virginia ; 17, Robert Morris, 18, Thomas Willing, and 19, Benjamin Rush, of Pennsylvania; 20, Elbridge Gerry, and TO WASHINGTON CITY. 15 21, Eobert T. Paine, of Massachusetts; 22, Abra- ham Clark, of New Jersey; 23, Stephen Hopkins, and 24, William Ellery, of Rhode Island; 25, George Clymer, of Pennsylvania ; 26, William Hooper, and 27, Joseph Hewes, of North Carolina; 28, James Wilson, of Pennsylvania; 29, Francis Hopkinson, of New Jersey ; 30, John Adams, of Massachusetts ; 31, Roger Sherman, of Connecticut; 32, R. L. Livingstone, of New York ; 33, Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia; 34, Benjamin Franklin, of Pennsylvania; 35, Richard Stockton, of New Jersey ; 36, Francis Lewis, of New York ; 37, John Witherspoou, of New Jersey ; 38, Samuel Hunting- ton, 39, William Williams, and 40, Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut; 41, John Hancock, of Massachu- setts; 42, Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania ; 43, George Reed, of Delaware ; 44, Jonathan Dick- inson, of Pennsylvania ; 45, Edward Rutledge, of South Carolina ; 46, Thomas McKean, of Dela- ware ; and 47, Philip Livingstone, of New York. SURRENDER OF BURGOYXE. This painting represents Burgoyne at Saratoga, October, 1777, as he is offering his sword to Gen- eral Gates, who declines to receive it, and invites the conquered General into his quarters. Begin- 16 STRANGER'S GUIDE ning at the left, the portraits are of— 1, Major Lithgow, of Massachusetts ; 2, Colonel Cillry, and 3, General Stark, of Xew Hampshire ; 4, Captain Seymour, of Connecticut ; 5, Major Hull, and 6, Colonel Greaton, of Massachusetts ; 7, Major Dear- born, and 8, Colonel Scammell, of New Hampshire ; 9, Colonel Lewis, of New York; 10, Major-Gen- SURRENDER OF BL'Rl'OYXE. eral Phillips, of the British Army ; 11, Lieutenant- General Burgoyne, Commander of the British Forces ; 12, General Baron Rudeisel, of the British Army ; 13, Colonel Wilkinson ; 14, General Gates, Commander of the American Forces ; 15, Colouel Prescott, of Massachusetts ; 16, Colonel Morgan, of Virginia ; 17, Brigadier-General Eufus Putnam, TO WASHINGTON CITY. 17 18, Lieutenant-Colonel Brooks, of Massachusetts ; 19, Reverend Mr. Hitchcock, of Rhode Island, Chaplain ; 20, Major Robert Troup, of New York ; 21, Major Haskell, of Massachusetts; 22, Major Armstrong; 23, Major-General Philip Schuyler, of New York ; 24, Brigadier-General Glover, of Mas- sachusetts; 25, Brigadier-General Whipple, of New Hampshire ; 26, Major Clarkson, of New York ; and 27, Major Stevens, of Massachusetts. SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS. The surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va., October, 1781, was the close of the long, bitter contest, and was attended by peculiar circumstan- ces. When General Lincoln had surrendered to the British at Charleston, S. C, some time before, Lord Cornwallis refused to permit the Americans to march out with flying colors as was usual. When Cornwallis surrendered, General Washing- ton appointed General Lincoln to oversee the man- ner in which the British should submit, which was with arms shouldered and colors lowered. On the right of the road leading to Yorktown are the American troops, and opposite are the French troops, while Cornwallis and his officers are passing the American and French Generals. The persons represented are, beginning on the 18 STRANGER'S GUIDE left: 1, Count Deuxponts; 2, Duke de Laval Mont- morency ; 3, Count Custine ; 4, Duke de Lauzun; 5, General Choisy ; 6, Viscount Viomenil ; 7, Mar- quis de St. Simon ; 8, Count Ferson ; 9, Count Dumas ; 10, Marquis Chastellux ; 11, Baron Vio- menil; 12, Count de Barre; 13, Count de Grasse; SURRENDER OF CORNWAIXIS 14, Count Rochambeau, General-in-Chief of the French Forces ; 15, General Lincoln ; 16, Colonel Stevens; 17, General Washington; 18, Thomas Nelson; 19, Lafayette; 20, Baron Steuben; 21, Colonel Cobb ; 22, Colonel Trumbull ; 23, Major- General Clinton, of New York ; 24, General Gist, of Maryland ; 25, General Wayne, of Pennsylvania ; TO WASHINGTON CITY. 19 26, General Hand, of Pennsylvania ; 27, General Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania; 28, Major-General Knox; 29, Lieutenant-Colonel Huntingdon; 30, Colonel Timothy Pickering; 31, Colonel Alex- ander Hamilton ; 32, Colonel Laurens, of South Carolina ; 33, Colonel Walter Stuart, of Penn- sylvania ; 34, Colonel Nicholas Fish, of New York. RESIGNATION OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. This scene transpired in the State House, at Annapolis, Md., December 23d, 1783. The por- BESIGNATION OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. traits given are of the following persons, com- mencing on the left : 1, Thomas Mifflin, of Penn- sylvania, who was President of Congress ; 2, Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania; 3, Elbridge Gerry, 20 STRANGER'S GUIDE of Massachusetts ; 4, Hugh Williamson, of North Carolina ; 5, Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts ; 6, Edward McComb, of Delaware ; 7, George Partridge, of Massachusetts ; 8, Edward Lloyd, of Maryland ; 9, R. D. Spaight, and 10, Benjamin Hawkins, of North Carolina; 11, A. Foster, of New York; 12, Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia; 13, Arthur Lee, of Virginia ; 14, David Howell, of Rhode Island ; 15, James Monroe, of Virginia ; 16, Jacob Reed, of South Carolina ; 17, James Madison, of Virginia ; 18, William Ellery, of Rhode Island ; 19, J. T. Chase, of Maryland ; 20, S. Hardy, of Virginia ; 21, Charles Morris, of Pennsylvania ; 22, General Washington ; 23 and 24, Colonels Walker and Humphreys ; 25 and 26, Generals Smallwood and Williams ; 27 and 28, Colonels Smith and Howard, of Maryland ; 29, Charles Carroll and two daughters, of Maryland ; 30, Mrs. Washington and her three grandchildren ; 31, Daniel Jenifer, of Maryland. THE BAPTISM OF POCAHONTAS, 1613. This Indian princess is receiving the Christian sacrament of baptism. At her side is John Rolfe, her future husband. The following portraits are introduced, beginning on the left: 1, Standard Bearer ; 2, the Page ; 3, John and Ann Laydon ; TO WASHINGTON CITY. 21 4, Sir Thomas Dale ; 5, Alexander Whitaker ; 6, Hans Spilman ; 7, Pocahontas ; 8, Mr. and Mrs. Forrest, first settlers ; 9, John Rolfe ; 10, sister to BAPTISM OF rOOAHOXTAS. Pocahontas; 11, Nantequas, brother to Pocahon- tas ; 12, Opechaucanoagh ; 13, uncle to Pocahon- tas ; 14, Richard WhiflBn. DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. This painting is intended as a representation of the moment when De Soto discovered the Missis- sippi, May, 1541 ; but is not considered historically correct, as the party was ragged and broken down, and felt little elation when at last the waters of 22 STRAXGERS GUIDE the great river broke upon their view. The fig- ures are De Soto mounted, and some soldiers and DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI BY DE SOTO. Indians. De Soto, it will be remembered, died from fatigue, and was buried in the river. LANDING OF COLUMBUS. This represents Columbus, October 12th, 1492, in the act of proclaiming possession, in the name of the king and queen of Spain, of the island which was the first land discovered. The figure of Columbus is easily recognized, and the remain- ing figures explain themselves. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 23 LANDING OF COLUMBUS. EMBARKATION OF THE PILGRIMS. This picture portrays the Puritan fathers em- barking for the wilds of America, from Delft Haven, Holland, July 21, 1620, in the hope of finding their religious liberty, The following are the portraits, commencing on the left: 1, boy of Mrs. Winslow; 2, Mr. and Mrs. Winslow ; 3, Mr. and Mrs. White ; 4, boy of Mrs. Winslow ; 5, Mrs. Brewster and child ; 6, Elder William Brewster ; 7, Mr. and Mrs. Fuller ; 8, William Bradford ; 9, Governor Carver ; 10, Nurse and child ; 11, Mrs. Caryer and child ; 12, William Robinson, pastor of the little flock ; 13, Mrs. Bradford; 14, Captain Reynolds; 15, boy of Governor Carver; 16, Miles Standish and his wife Rose. 24 STRANGER'S GUIDE Above the four entrances to the Rotunda are four groups of sculpture in high relief, also illus- trative of events in the history of the country. EMBARKATION OF THE PILGRIM; That over the north door represents William Penn in the act of making a treaty with the Indians under an elm tree. On the opposite wall, Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky, is represented in a desperate conflict with some Indians. Over the eastern doorway is a group representing the land- ing of the pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. The boat has just touched the rock, when the Englishman is met by the Indian with the offer of an ear of corn, as a symbol of hospitality and friendship. The child of the white man seems to beg his father not TO WASHINGTON CITY. 25 to venture on shore, while the mother looks with trustful eyes to heaven. Over the western door, Pocahontas is shown in the act of shielding Cap- tain John Smith, the pioneer colonist of Virginia, from the savage ferocity of her father, Powhatan. These groups are by Italian artists and cost $3500 each. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. The principal door of the Library is directly opposite the west door of the Rotunda. This Library con- sists of a hall 91 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet high, with a wing on the north, and one on the south end of the main hall. These wings are each 95 feet long, 29J feet wide, and 38 feet high. These halls are considered to be perfectly fire- proof, the entire shelving and walls being built of iron, and the floor laid with encaustic tile. It is the only fire-proof library in the world, and CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY. 26 STRANGERS GUIDE the largest and finest in the United States. It is for the use of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives, Judges of the United States Supreme Court, and heads of the de- partments. It consists of 230,000 volumes, exclusive of pam- phlets, and the number increases at the rate of 10,000 volumes and 5000 pamphlets annually. It is peculiarly rich in books and maps relating to America, and, very properly, more information of the history and topography of America is to be found here than in any other library in the world. A magnificent view of the city can be obtained from the balcony on the west side of the library. All persons of not less than sixteen years of age, can obtain books, to be read only in the library, by filling one of the blank forms lying on the table, and handing it in at the librarian's desk. The law branch of the library occupies a room formerly used by the Supreme Court of the United States, and is immediately under the present Su- preme Court room. This law library is the largest and most valuable collection of the kind in the United States. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 27 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Returning to the Rotunda, the visitor, in passing to the Senate wing, through the north door of the Rotunda, will find the door of the Supreme Court room opening on the right from the vestibule. The second Monday in October has been fixed by Act of Con- gress, Janu- ary, 1873, as the day for the opening of the sessions of the Court. SUPREME COURT ROOM. This room was the United States Senate cham- ber. Continuing north, the visitor reaches the corridor of the Senate, opposite the entrance to the floor of the chamber, then, turning to the right, he fol- lows the corridor until he reaches the vestibule of the main entrance to the Senate wing, where is found the Crawford or 28 STRANGER'S GUIDE SENATE BRONZE DOOR. This beautiful work of art was placed in its posi- tion at the eastern or main entrance to the Senate wing in Novenber, 1868. It is 14 feet 6 inches high, and measures in width, including the jambs, 7 feet 6 inches. It consists of two valves, the one on the right commemorating War and its fierce conflicts; that on the left, Peace and its attendant triumphs. In the upper panel of the right valve we have the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Death of Warren ; next the Battle of Monmouth, and General Lee, who meditated betraying the Ameri- can Army, receiving the scathiDg rebuke of Washington ; next comes the Siege of Yorktown, with the noble and gallant Hamilton at the head of the storming party ; and finally we see a Hes- sian soldier attackiug the homestead of a Colonist, and receiving his death-wound from its brave defender. In the lower panel of the left valve we have the allegorical representation of Peace ; in the panel next above is the Ovation to Washing- ton, at Trenton, K. J., as he was on his way to New York to assume the office of President ; the panel above this represents the Inauguration of Wash- ington as first President of the United States ; TO WASHINGTON CITY. 29 and in the upper panel we see the Laying of the Corner-stone of the Capitol by Washington, in September, 1793. This door was designed by Crawford, and is gen- erally considered to be equal to the Kogers door, besides having the merit of being a home produc- tion, as it was cast at the Chicopee Foundry, in Massachusetts, by the Messrs. Ames ; it was the last work by the lamented Crawford. The entire weight of the door is 14,000 pounds; the cost of construction was $56,000, of which the artist re- ceived $6000 for the model, and the remainder was for casting. Above the door are two figures in American marble, by Crawford, representing Justice and History. Passing through this door the visitor emerges upon the portico of th»e Senate wing. The tym- panum of the pediment of this portico is filled with sculpture by the late Thomas Crawford. He endeavored to represent by a single group the his- tory and condition of the United States. In the centre stands the figure of America hold- ing in her right hand some laurel wreaths which she offers as rewards to those of her citizens who have justly earned such honors. She is supported by the eagle and by the rising sun, typical of the strength and youth of the nation. On her right 30 STRANGER'S GUIDE are the emblems of civilization and progress, which are the fruits of liberty and republicanism. The soldier stands with his hand on his sword ready to defend ; the merchant, with his hand on the globe, advances commerce; the youth, from the public school, comes ready to serve his country and pro- mote her industry by educated application to trade, to manufactures, to diplomacy, or to arms ; the teacher instructs the youth ; the mechanic rests from his labor, with hammer and wheel, and occu- pies his place between the emblems of agriculture and commerce, and public instruction and employ- ment. On the left hand the conquest of the wilderness and of the savage are presented. The j3ioneer levels the forest. The youthful hunter, loaded with game, looks askance at the clearing of the new settler. The Indian warrior, in an attitude of deepest despondency, contemplates and laments the gradual extinction of his race, and his wife aud child recline behind him, and separate him from the grave, which here is typical of the end of an inferior race, which is giving place to culture and education in a higher order of beings. This is considered by many to be the greatest work of Crawford and one of the loveliest adornments of the Capitol. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 31 Re-entering, the visitor will see at the foot of the stairs leading to the East Gallery of the Senate, the statute of Franklin, by Powers. Cost $10,000. Above the first landing is the painting of Perry's Victory over the British on Lake Erie, by Powell, of Ohio. Cost $25,000. This staircase is of highly polished Tennessee marble, and is exceedingly beautiful. THE SENATE RECEPTION ROOM Opens from the north of the east vestibule of the Senate wing. This room is 60 feet long. The ceiling is vaulted and divided into two arches. The north half is embellished with frescoes repre- senting Liberty, War, Plenty, and Peace ; and those in the south half represent Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Strength. These are by Brumidi, as is also the painting under the arch in the south wall, portraying Washington in consultation with Jefferson, Secretary of State, and Hamilton, Sec- retary of the Treasury. On the east a door opens into the Post-office of the Senate. The fresco on the ceiling is by Bru- midi, and represents History, Geography, Physics, and the Telegraph. Adjoining is the Room of the Sergeant-at-Arms 32 STRANGER'S GUIDE of the Senate. On the walls are four designs rep- resenting Secession, War, Union, and Peace. The west door of the Reception Room leads into the vestibule of the Senate Lobby. A private staircase on the left is guarded by a beautiful bronze railing. On the west side of the Lobby is a similar staircase. These, though lovely and elaborate, are but little noticed owing to the dark- ness of this portion of the building. Passing into the Senate Lobby, which is open to the public when the Senate is not in session, the first door on the right opens into the Vice-President's room. Peale's painting of Washington is in this room. The second door on the right of the Lobby leads to a small vesti- bule, from which opens the MARBLE ROOM. The ceilings and col- umns are of white marble, and the walls of Ten- nessee marble. It is used as a private reception room by the Senators. This is considered the most beautifulroom in the Capitol. MARBLE ROOM, SENATE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 33 Returning to the Lobby, the two doors on the left, open into the SENATE CHAMBER, Which may be visited at any time when the Senate is not in session. mmmm SENATE CHAMBER. This chamber is 113 feet 3 inches long, by 80 feet 3 inches wide, including the galleries, which extend all around, and will accommodate about one thousand persons. The space under the galleries, on the east, west, and south sides, is partitioned into cloak rooms for the Senators, and on the north side is the Senate Lobby. The area of the floor is diminished by these rooms, to 83 feet 11 inches long, by 51 feet 1 inch wide. 34 STRANGER'S GUIDE The Vice-President presides over this body. His desk occupies a raised platform on the north side. The floor will seat 74 senators. Many of the desks in use were used in the old Senate Chamber, more than half a century ago. The portion of the gallery over the President of the Senate, is devoted to the reporters of the press. On the south side, opposite the Reporters' Gallery, is the Diplomatic Gallery, for the accommodation of foreign representatives. The Ladies' Gallery is east of that portion assigned to the diplomatic corps and reporters, while that on the west is for gentlemen. THE LADIES' RETIRING ROOM Is on the north, directly back of, and opening from that portion of the Ladies' Gallery adjoiniug the Reporters' Gallery. It is for the exclusive use of ladies, and is complete in all requirements, and is attended by a woman employed by the Senate. The Senate Chamber is lighted by a skylight in the roof. At night the gas jets along the glass panels above the ceiling are ignited by electricity, and the light is quite like sunlight. The ceiling is of iron, with glass panels in the centre to let the light into the hall. These panels are painted in symbols of the Union, the Army, the Navy, and the mechanical arts. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 35 Agaio, returning to the lobby, we pass into a small vestibule on the west. On the right is the president's room, Where the President sits during the last hurried days of the session, to be nearer the Senate, in order to sign the bills as soon as passed by the Senate and House of Kepr e s e n t a- tives. The walls'and ceil- ings are hand- somely deco- rated. Por- traits of Jefferson, Secretary of State ; Henry Knox, Secretary of War; and Alexander Ham- ilton, Secretary of the Treasury ; Edmund Randolph, Attorney-General ; and S. Osgood, Postmaster-General, Washington's first Cabinet, are on the walls, as is also a portrait of Washing- ton. The four corner frescoes overhead represent Columbus, or Discovery ; William Brewster, Re- ligion ; Americus Vespucius, Exploration ; and Franklin, or History. The four pieces between president's room LN THE CAPITOL. 36 STRANGER'S GUIDE these represent Liberty, Legislation, Religion, and Executive Power. All by Brumidi. After leaving the west vestibule a corridor to the left leads to the west staircase ascending to the galleries. This staircase is in beautiful white marble, and is usually considered much finer than the east staircase of Tennessee marble. Opposite the foot of the stairs is a statue of John Hancock, by Stone. Cost $5500. At the first landing is a painting by Walker, of New York, the Storming of Chapultepec under General Scott. Cost S6000. BASEMENT OF SENATE WING. The steps leading down below the east and west staircases are to the Basement. All the passages are handsomely painted and richly decorated. The rooms are chiefly devoted to Committee and Folding rooms. These Committee rooms are richly adorned and frescoed, and will reward a walk to them ; over the entrance to the Committee room on Foreign Relations is a fresco of the Sign- ing of the Treaty of Ghent. And on the entrance to the Committee room on Patents is a full length fresco of Robert Fulton, both by Brumidi. Ad- mission may be obtained by application to a Sen- ator or Sergeant-at-Arms. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 37 The Heating and Ventilating Apparatus is in the basement, in the southwest portion of the Senate wing, and is always open to visitors. The engineer will explain the principle upon which fresh and hot air are forced into the Senate chamber. The rooms in the basement that are worth see- ing the most, are those occupied by the Committee on Indian Affairs (this was intended for the Com- mittee on Agriculture and is decorated with Amer- ican fruits and vines) ; the Committee on Naval Affairs ; and the Committee on Military Affairs. These two are frescoed emblematically. Many of the other rooms are very beautiful. The Official Telegraph is in the Senate basement, and the wires connect with the Executive Depart- ments and Government Printing-office. The Crypt is to be found in the basement, under the Rotunda, and on the way from the Senate wing to the House wing. The forty columns that support the floor of the Rotunda are here, and the exact centre of the Capitol is the star in the centre of the pavement. The Undercroft is beneath the Crypt. It was the original intention to lay the remains of Washing- ton here. A portion of the bier which held the remains of Lincoln, Thaddeus Stevens, and Chief Justice Chase, is here. An officer of the building 38 STMANGER'S GUIDE will open the Undercroft for visitors. Continuing south from the Crypt we reach the BASEMENT OF THE HOUSE WING. The arrangement is similar to that of the Senate basement ; a restaurant, where all kinds of refresh- ments may be obtained, is found here as well as in the Senate basement. The heating and ventilating apparatus is the same also. The Boom of the Committee on Agriculture is one of the handsomest frescoed rooms in the building. It is near the foot of the west staircase on the House side. The fresco is by Brumidi. On the east wall is a representation of Cincinnatus called from the plow to become Dictator of Rome. On the oppo- site wall is Putnam called from the plow to join in the battle for liberty. A medallion of Washing- ton and a Harvest in the Olden Time are on the south wall, while opposite is Jefferson and a Har- vest with Modern ImjDrovements. On the ceiling are representations of Flora, Ceres, Bacchus, and Boreas, symbolical of the four seasons. The Bath-Boom, for the use of members of Congress, is here in the basement, and is worth seeing. The visitor may now ascend the east or west stair, leading to the floor above. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 39 The House wing is, in general, the same as the Senate wing, only the Hall of Representatives is larger than the Senate chamber. The east stair- case, the same as that of the Senate, leads to the east galleries. At the foot is a statue of Jefferson, by Powers, which cost $10,000. Over the first landing is an equestrian portrait of General Scott, by Troge. The corridors south of the House are similar to those north of the Senate, and the House lobby is also similar to the Senate lobby. Opening from it are the Members' Reception-Rooms and the Speak- er's Room. These are open when the House is not in session. At the foot of the west staircase is the head of an Indian warrior, Buffalo, from nature. Over the first landing is the picture of Westward Ho I by Emanuel Leutze ; cost 820,000. It is a party of emigrants, and explains itself. The galleries are like those of the Senate. THE HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES Is similar to the Senate chamber, but differs somewhat in the style of painting, and has desks for over three hundred members. It is 139 feet long, by 93 feet wide in its greatest extent. The floor is 113 feet, by 67 feet, The 40 STRANGER'S GUIDE galleries will accommodate some fifteen hundred persons. Upon the wall, east of the Speaker, is the full-length portrait of Washington, by Vanderlyn, 1834, and on the opposite side a portrait of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Marquis de Lafayette, by Ary Scheffer, 1822. Upon the south wall is a fresco, by Brumidi, rep- resenting Washington at Yorktown. The Speaker's desk is of white marble, and very beautiful. The hall is lighted, heated and ventilated in the same manner as the Senate. OLD HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES. After leaving the House wing follow the corri- dor leading north until this room is reached. It TO WASHINGTON CITY. 41 was formerly used as the House of Representa- tives. It is said to have been modelled after the remains of a Grecian theatre, at Athens. It is semicircular. The roof is supported by columns of variegated marble, or pudding-stone, from quar- ries on the Potomac. Over the north entrance is a beautiful clock, in marble, representing His- tory seated in the winged car of Time, by Fran- zoni. The car is on a globe, upon which are cut the signs of the zodiac. July 2d, 1864, Congress passed an act, setting apart this beautiful chamber as a Hall of Statuary, and invit- ing each and all of the States to furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illus- trious for their historic renown, I or from distinguished civic or military services. Up to this time the privilege has been accepted to a limited extent, which is greatly to be regretted. Rhode Island has sent a marble statue of Nathaniel Greene, Major-General in the revolu- tionary army, by H. K. Browne, of New York. OLD CLOCK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 42 STRANGER'S GUIDE This is considered by many the finest statue in the Capitol. The second statue from Rhode Isl- and is of Roger Williams, by Simmons. Connecticut was the second to respond, and has placed here statues in marble of Jonathan Trumbull, and Roger Sherman, both by Ives. New York came next, with a bronze statue of George Clinton, of revolutionary fame, and Vice- President of the United States, by H. K. Browne. New York has also ordered a statue of Edward Livingston, which is now being executed by Pal- mer. New Jersey has ordered the following: Rich- ard Stockton, marble, by H. K. Browne. Major- General Philip Kearney, killed in the rebellion, bronze, by H. K. Browne. The much-talked-of Abraham Lincoln, for which Miss Ream received $15,000; a bust of Lin- coln, by Mrs. Ames, $2000; a bust of Kosciusko, in marble, by Saunders, $500 ; bust of Crawford the sculptor; and II Penseroso, by Mosier, $2000, are also here, as well as the magnificent statue of Alexander Hamilton, by Stone, $10,000. A collection of paintings has also been begun. There are portraits of Henry Clay, by Neagle ; of Charles Carroll, by Chester Harding; of Gunning Bedford, of Delaware; one of Joshua R. Giddings, TO WASHINGTON CITY. 43 by Miss Hanson, $1000; and a mosaic of Lincoln, presented by Salviati of Venice to the government of the United States. Here is to be seen Moran's painting of the Yellowstone, purchased in 1872 by Congress, for $10,000. The visitor proceeding north will again enter the Rotunda and pass through the north door to the stairway leading to the Dome. THE DOME Is ascended by a stairway inside the first door to the left of the north entrance of the Rotunda, in the passage leading to the Senate wing, and, though the way is intricate, it repays the visitor who ascends. The Dome is surmounted by a tholus, upon which is placed a co- lossal statue of Free- dom, in bronze, 18 feet high, said to weigh 15 tons. It was designed in plaster, in Italy, by Crawford, and cast in bronze from this mod- el by Clark Mills, at Bladensburg ; the cost was about $23,800. STATUE 0F LIBERTY ' 44 STRANGER'S GUIDE Descending from the Dome, and returning to the Rotunda, the visitor will pass out of the east entrance, and reach the Bronze Door, opening upon the main portico. BRONZE DOOR. This is the main door leadiug into the Rotunda from the grand eastern portico. It is the most magnificent work of the kind in the world. Inclu- ding the casing, it is 19 feet high, by 9 feet in width, and weighs 20,000 pounds, and cost $28,000. It is ornamented with a symbolical history of Colum- bus and his discoveries, in high relief. The four figures contained in the facing represent Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. The name of Ran- dolph Rogers, the American artist, and the date of the design, 1858, are on one side, and that of F. von Muller, of Munich, who executed it in bronze in 1861, is on the other side. The door is divided into eight panels ; the lower one on the left represents Columbus unfolding his plans of discovery before the Council of Salamanca, which rejected them ; the next panel above it rep- resents Columbus's departure from the Convent of La Rabida, near Palos, which received him and his little son Diego when in great poverty, and the TO WASHINGTON CITY. 45 Prior of which, Juan Perez, introduced him to the notice of Queen Isabella ; the third panel repre- sents the audience he received at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella ; the fourth represents Columbus sailing on his first voyage from Palos ; the fifth represents the first encounter with the natives of the West Indies ; the sixth, his trium- phal return and entry into Barcelona ; the seventh panel shows us Columbus a prisoner in chains, by order of Don Francisco de Bobadilla, who was sent to the West Indies by the Court to investigate charges against Columbus ; the eighth and last panel, at the bottom of the door on the right, rep- resents Columbus on his death-bed. The door is also ornamented with statues of contemporary sovereigns, discoverers, and warriors, whose names are associated with the discovery of America. The transom panel over the door represents the first landing in state on the island of San Salva- dor. The door is also ornamented by the heads of distinguished historians, European and American, who have written upon the discovery and explor- ation of this Continent, with various other em- blematic devices. Passing through this door the visitor will emerge upon 46 STRAXGER'S GUIDE THE MAIN PORTICO, Which is 160 feet in length. On the tympanum of the pediment, is a group, by Persico, represent- ing the Genius of America. The principal figure is America crowned with a star, and holding in her hand a shield with United States of America emblazoned on it, while behind her rests a sj)ear, and at her feet an eagle. Her head inclines to- wards the figure of Hope, and her finger points to Justice. The figures are seven and a half feet in height, but cannot be well seen from their raised position without the aid of a field or opera glass. On the southern abutment of this Portico is a semi-colossal group, also by Persico, representing the Discovery of America. Columbus is holding aloft a globe, while an Indian girl crouches terrified at his side, gaziug at him in amazement. The artist is said to have copied to a rivet, the armor in which the figure is incased, from a _: suit at Genoa, which Columbus actually wore. This group cost 824,000 and five years' labor. COLUMBUS. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 47 The corresponding northern abutment is occupied by a group, by Greenough, representing Civiliza- tion, or the first settlement of America. On the left a mother holds in terror, her child, while the father arrests the murderous arm of the savage, as it is raised to give the deadly blow. The dog looks on the conflict with eager interest. This group is greatly admired, and consumed twelve years in executing, and cost $24,000. In the niche on the north side of the great Bronze door opening into the Rotunda, is the statue of Peace, by Persico. Peace is a maiden, who extends the olive-branch to War on the opposite side. Her garb is simple, and her expression one of womanly sweetness. War in the opposite niche, bears the determined, powerful look, fitting such a subject, and is in ap- propriate contrast with his sweet sister Peace. These pieces are finely finished, and cost $12,000 each, and were five years in execution. Over the Bronze door is a basso relievo, repre- senting Fame and Peace placing a laurel wreath upon the brow of Washington. CIVILIZATION. 48 STRANGER'S GUIDE Directly east of this portico, in the east park of the Capitol, which has been recently enlarged, is the colossal statue of Wash- ington, by Greenough, about which there is such a diversity of opinion. It cost for work, fy%^ freight, etc., 844,000. Edward Everett regarded it as one of the greatest works of sculp- a ture of ancient or modern times. ■■. GREENOUGH's WASHINGTON. PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL. This Hospital is owned and cared for by the Sisters of Charity. It is open daily from 10 to 12 a.m., and from 2 to 4 p.m. It can be found by leaving the east gate of the east park of the Capitol, and goiug east aloug Pennsyl- vania Avenue to Second Street. It is on the cor- ner of Second aud D Streets, S. E., two squares south of Pennsylvania Avenue. It was incorpo- rated in 1864. Through the influence of Thaddeus Stevens, the " Great Commoner," of Pennsylvauia, Congress appropriated $30,000 towards the build- ing. Any one applying is taken in ; there are excellent accommodations for patients who pay. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 49 ST. PETER S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, An ancient edifice, is on Second Street, on the way to the Hospital. NAVY YARD. Returning to Pennsylvania Avenue, the visitor may enter the horse cars for the Navy Yard, which is situated at the terminus of the line. It is open from 7 A. M. until sundown. A permit may be obtained from the Commandant, admitting the bearer to the shops or on board any monitors that may be anchored there. Two ship-houses, a copper-rolling mill, a naval storehouse, foundries, and shops for the manufacture of almost every- thing necessary for fitting out a vessel, are to be found here. In the ordnance foundries and shops, the manufacture of guns, shot and shell, is usually going on. In the Museum is a curious collection of munitions of warfare; among them, on the first floor, is a Spanish gun, cast in 1490, brought by Cortez, to America, and used in the conquest of Peru ; also, a small mortar, captured from Corn- wallis, and many historical relics of the late war are stored here. 50 STRANGER'S GUIDE THE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE Lies east of the city, and can be seen from the Navy Yard, on the opposite side of the river ; it may be included in the first day's sight-seeing by an industrious visitor. It is only open on Wed- nesday, from 2 to 6 p.m. Leaving the street cars at the terminus at the Navy Yard, and crossing the bridge, it is a walk of over two miles to the Asylum. The grounds comprise over 400 acres, INSANE ASYLUM. which are cultivated for the use of the institution, many of the patients aiding in the labor. A wall of 9 feet incloses nearly 200 acres, in which the edifice, 750 feet in length, is surrounded by trees, shrubs, flowers and grass-plots. The eminence on which it is located is one of the highest in the vicinity, and affords the most superb view of the city to be obtained. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 51 THE MARINE BARRACKS Are two squares north of the Navy Yard, on Eighth Street, between G and I Streets. In the armory are some interesting flags. The best time for a visit here is on Monday, at 10 a.m., when the band plays and general inspection of the corps takes place. There is guard mount every day at 8 a.m. in summer, and 9 a.m. in winter. CHRIST CHURCH, The most venerable church edifice in the city, is on G Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, a square and a half from the Marine Barracks. It was erected in 1800, and for many years was the only place of Episcopal worship in the city. It was attended by Jefferson and Madison. Ser- vices are still held here regularly. THE NAVAL HOSPITAL Is between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and E Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, two squares from the Marine Barracks. It is open each afternoon. It is for the officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps. «sass 52 STRANGER'S GUIDE THE CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY Is beautifully situated ou the banks of the Ana- costia, or Eastern Branch, about a mile above the Navy Yard. It is easily accessible from the Naval Hospital by following E Street east to the gates, which is a walk of about three-quarters of a mile. It will amply repay the visitor to take the walk. It is not, as its name would indicate and is gen- erally supposed, the property of the Government, „ _ = but is the prop- I erty of Christ Church, above referred to. It comprises about 30 acres, and was laid I out in 1807. A number of sites are reserved for CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY. the interment of members of Congress, in return for donations by Government ; aud, though few are buried here, there are 147 plain cenotaphs erected in memory of those members of Congress who have died du- ring the term for which they were elected. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 53 There are some monuments of interest here ; among these is one erected to George Clinton, in the northeast portion ; near by is one to mark the spot where lies Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, erected by Congress ; one to a Choctaw Chief; one to William Wirt is further on. Near the fountain, on the left of the carriage drive, is the grave of General McComb, the predecessor of General Scott as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Near by lie the remains of General Jacob Brown. In the same portion of the grounds is the grave of A. P. Upshur, Secretary of State under Tyler. General Gibson, General Archibald Henderson, and Commodore Isaac Chauncey, are also buried here. The Wainwright Vault is in the southern portion of the grounds, also the tomb of A. D. Bache. Not far off is the monument erected to the young ladies who were killed by the explosion in the Arsenal. The bodies of General Taylor and Mr. Calhoun reposed for a few days in the plain old vault, near the centre of the grounds. North of the lodge are the oldest graves — those of the Mather family — 1804. There is a public vault, erected by Congress, near the centre of the grounds. The Army and Navy Magazines are directly east of the Congressional Cemetery. 54 STRANGERS GUIDE The Washington Asylum adjoins the grounds of the magazines on the north. It is a workhouse as well as an asylum for the indigent. North is the new jail being erected. Massachusetts Avenue leads directly from the Asylum to Lincoln Park, in a northwesterly direc- tion, at a distance of over half a mile from the Asylum, and one mile from the Capitol, at the intersection of Massachusetts, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee Avenues, and East Cap- itol, Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets. The park is beautifully laid out and planted with trees and shrubs. It is proposed to erect a statue to the lamented President, for whom it is named, in the centre of the park. The East Capitol branch of the street railway runs from this park directly to the Capitol, and on through the city to Georgetown ; but, if the visitor desires to seethe beautiful cemetery, Mount Olivet (Roman Catholic), and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, a walk of three-fourths of a mile will lead out Tennessee Avenue to Fifteenth Street, east, and thence to the toll gate at the ter- minus of H Street, and of the Columbia Street Railway, and thence a short distance on the turn- pike to Mount Olivet. It consists of 70 acres, and was incorporated in 1862. Among the graves of TO WASHINGTON CITY. 55 interest are those of Mrs. Surratt, executed for being a party to the assassination of Lincoln, and of Wirz, keeper of the Andersonville prison pens, executed in Washington, in 1865. THE INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB May be found by returning to the toll gate, and following the boundary one-half mile north- west to " Kendall Green." It was incorporated in 1857, and has been sustained by the Govern- ment for deaf mutes of the District, and of the army and navy. It has a collegiate department open to both sexes. The Columbia Street cars run along H Street one-half mile south of the Institution, and will carry the visitor to the Government Printing Office, corner H and North Capitol Streets. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. Visitors may enter this office at any time be- tween 8 A. m. and 5 p. m., by stating to the watchmen their purpose. The building is 300 feet long on H Street, 175 feet on North Capitol Street, and is 50 feet deep and four stories high. The printing and binding authorized by Congress, and the Executive and Judicial Departments, are 56 STRANGERS GUIDE. done in this building. It is the largest establish- ment of its kind in the world. Among the works printed here are the Medical and Surgical History of the War, the Observations of the Naval Obser- vatory, the Reports of the Paris Exposition, and the Catalogues of the Libraries of the United States, and the Surgeon-General's Office. Entering a car, going west, at the Printing Of- fice, the visitor will be returned to the centre of the city, and thus end the first day. ALL BETWEEN PIKST & FIFTEENTH STREETS, AND THE RIVER AND SOLDIERS' HOME. HE visitor can most conveniently commence the second day's sight-seeing at the Botani- cal Gardens, which he may easily reach by £ 3 the Pennsylvania Avenue street-cars. GOVERNMENT BOTANICAL GARDEN The Is situated immediately west of the Capitol Park, between First and Third Streets, west, and Pennsylvania and Maryland Avenues. The main entrance fronts the central gate of the west Capitol Park, and is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. The grounds comprise 10 acres, and are adorned with trees and shrubs, and flowers of every clime. The eastern wing of the Conservatory 58 STRANGER'S GUIDE is of frame, but the west wing and the centre building are built entirely of glass and iron, rest- ing on walls of solid masonry, faced with beau- tiful white marble. In the central building, a circular stairway of iron leads to an Observatory, which affords a fine view of the Capitol and the plants below. Permission to ascend can be obtained of the Superin- tendent. The entire building BOTANICAL GARDEN. is 300 feet long, the diameter of the centre is about 61 feet, and the width of the wings 31 feet. In the central building, where the temperature is highest, is a fine collection of palms ; among them, the date, fan, oil, Panama hat, ratan, and sugar palms. Here also are the screw pine of Australia, with its funny corkscrew leaves, and roots in the air ; the cinnamon tree, the banana, and the dumb cane of South America, which pos- sesses the strange power of taking away speech if the sap of the root is tasted. In the east wing and range the temperature is TO WASHIXGTON CI TV. 59 lower. It contains, among other interesting plants, the india-rubber, the passion flower, the bread tree, the coffee plant, and a large variety of cactus. The temperature in the west wing is lower than the centre, and here are many Chinese and Japa- nese plants. The camphor tree, from Japan ; the tea plant; the tallow tree, from China; the papyrus, or paper plant, of Egypt ; the guava, the vanilla, St. John's bread tree, and many other famous and curious plants are to be seen here. South of the main conservatory are ten smaller conservatories ; one is devoted to camellia japonica, and one to orchids, or air plants, and others to propagation of plants of various kinds. The nucleus of the collection was formed from those brought home by Commodore Wilkes. The entire establishment is under the skilled care of Mr. Wm. R. Smith, whose faithful and intelligent efforts are making the gardens so beautiful and successful. The object is education of the people.and the dis- semination of plants among them. Each Member of Congress receives a share of plants and seeds. THE ARSENAL. Leaving the gardens by the west gate, the visitor may walk from Third to Four-and-a-half Street, 60 STRANGER'S GUIDE along the drive which extends from the White House to the west entrance to the Botanical Gar- dens, and, at Four-and-a-half Street, take the street-cars going south to the Arsenal. These buildings and grounds are located upon a point which is the most southern portion of the city, at the foot of Four-and-a-half Street, and is sur- rounded on three sides by the Potomac. The grounds are open to visitors from sunrise to sunset. The old Penitentiary building, made famous by the assassination trials, formerly stood here ; be- neath one of the cells of which the body of the assassin Booth was for a time buried. The other conspirators were also buried here, but have all been removed and reinterred elsewhere. The large building at the end of the main drive is the resi- dence of the Chief of Ordnance. In the store- houses are stored vast quantities of ammunition and arms. There are also a number of workshops. Twenty-one girls were killed here, in 1864, by an explosion in one of the laboratories. The visitor will return by the same route which conveyed him to the Arsenal grounds, and leaving the car at Seventh Street, will see the Centre Mar- ket House, which is the largest market in the city. It is directly south of Pennsylvania Avenue, be- tween Seventh and Ninth Streets. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 61 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The Seventh Street entrance to the grounds of this Institution is just south of the point at which the visitor leaves the street car. The grounds are on the west of Seventh Street, opposite Armory Square, and extend to Twelfth Street, and from B Street north to B Street south ; they comprise 52 acres. James Smithson, a gentleman of education and a scientist, an illegitimate son of Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, England, died at Genoa, in 1828, and bequeathed his property to his nephew, on the condition that in the event of his nephew's de- mise without heirs, it should go to the United States, " to found, at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establish- ment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." His nephew, then in a hopeless SMITHaOS IAN I NSTITUTE. 62 STRANGER'S GUIDE stage of consumption, died without heirs, and the property, estimated at half a million of dollars, passed to the United States. Congress accepted the bequest on the first of July, 1836, and the fund was received by Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, who was authorized to collect it, and deposited in the Treasury, September 1, 1838, where it gathered interest until 1846, when, after a long discussion, a law was passed establishing the Institution as it now is ; and on May 1, 1847, the corner-stone was laid. President Polk and his Cabinet were pres- ent, and the orator was George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania. The building was completed in 1856, and cost $450,000. In 1855 a fire destroyed the upper portion of the main building, so far as it was not fire-proof. It was restored in a fire-proof condi- tion, but many things could not be replaced that were consumed ; among them record books, scien- tific correspondence, the famous Stanley gallery of Indian paintings, apparatus, and the personal effects of Smithson. The object of the Institution is scientific research and publication. It is built of red sandstone, and was planned by Mr. Renwick, of New York. The style has been variously called Romanesque, Norman, and By- zantine. It consists of a centre building 250 feet TO WASHINGTON CITY. 63 long, and 55 feet wide; two connecting ranges and cloister 60 by 49 feet each ; and two wings, each 40 by 80 feet. The entire length is 450 feet. The north entrance passes under two towers, the higher one 145 feet high. Over the south entrance is a large square tower, massive but not high, being 37 feet square, and 91 feet high. The main building is flanked at each angle, by a tower, while the wings have smaller towers, making in all nine towers. The most pleasing beauty of the building is, that while it is regular and symmetrical, it has no two parts similar. It never wearies, and affords all the variety and symmetry desired by the most critical. The grounds were designed and partly laid out by Downing, the celebrated landscape gardener, whose death precluded the consummation of his plans. In the northeast portion of the grounds is a vase erected by the American Pomological Society to the memory of Downing. THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Occupies the whole lower story of the main hall, west range, and west wing. It is open to visitors from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The Institution is supported 64 STRANGER'S GUIDE INTERIOR OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE. by the income from the fund, and the Secretary, Professor Joseph Henry, resides in the east wing, having every- thing under his direct charge. The Museum is supported by the United States ; Pro- fessor Henry is its head, though he has assigned the active supervision to Professor Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary, and United States Fish Com- missioner, who is so enthusiastic in his investigation of food fishes, as to eat a portion, experimentally, of every species of fish secured. The collections are very interesting, and will need no special guide, as many of the specimens are labelled. In the west hall is a fine collection of minerals, arranged by Dr. F. M. Endlich, of Pa., who is the mineral- ogist of the Institution, and very entertaining in his explanations and descriptions, to those who are fortunate enough to find him. In the vestibule south of the main entrance, and on the second floor, are several objects of interest. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 65 Indeed so much is to be found here to enchain the interest, that a whole day may be passed in thor- oughly seeing the rare and curious collection. The Library has been incorporated with that of Congress. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Directly west of the Smithsonian grounds are the beautifully arranged grounds of this department, extending from Twelfth toThir- teenth Streets. Open daily, ex- cept Sundays, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. The upper and lower gar- dens are divided by a terrace, the former devoted exclusively to flowers, and the latter to drives and walks shaded by trees and shrubs. The building was completed in 1868. It is 170 feet long, and 61 feet wide. It consists of a finished basement, three full stories, and a finished attic story. In the basement is a steam heating appar- AGRICULTl'RAL DEPARTMENT. 66 STRANGER'S GUIDE atus, which heats and ventilates the building. The packing-rooms are located here also. The main entrance, on the north, leads to a ves- tibule decorated finely with fresco, and opening into the main hall, upon which are located the office of the Commissioner, the library, rooms for clerks, and the Chief Clerk's room, which is decorated with American wood-hangings. THE MUSEUM OF AGRICULTURE Is on the second floor. It shows the different agricultural productions of the United States, and how thev are affected by climate, soil, animals, birds, and insects. All will be ex- plained by an attendant. In the room west of the Mu- IXTERIOR OF THE AGRN ULTURAL DEPARTMENT. seum is an en- tomological collection. The Herbarium and Tax- idermist's Rooms are on the third floor- On this floor the seeds are assorted and put up for dis- tribution. TO WASHINGTON CITY 67 THE CONSERVATORY Is west of the main building. The principal structure is 320 feet long and 30 feet wide, with a wing 150 feet long, extend- ing south. In the centre pavilion are palms, pine- apples, and other tropi- cal plants. In the others is a collection CONSERVATORY, agricultural departv.knt. worth seeing. The south wing is the grapery, containing 100 varieties. PROPAGATING GARDEN. This government garden is situated on the banks of the Potomac, southwest of the Agricultural De- partment, and comprises 8 acres. A nursery con- nected with the garden supplies many of the trees and shrubs planted in the public parks. With the Propagating Garden, the visitor has seen all the objects worthy of note in the south- 68 STRANGER'S GUIDE western portion of the city; and he will now advance north along Fourteenth Street, crossing Massachusetts and Pennsylvania Avenues to Wil- lard's Hotel ; continuing north, he passes the Ebbitt House, corner Fourteenth and F Streets, crosses New York Avenue, and reaches FRANKLIN SQUARE, Which lies between Thirteenth and Fourteenth and I and K Streets, N. TV. The Government purchased this square, in 1829, to gain ]3ossession of the spring in it, which furnishes by underground pipes the drinking-water to the President's House. It is a cool, shady retreat in summer, and is beau- tifully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. Franklin School House is opposite, on Thir- teenth Street, and is said to be one of the finest buildings of the sort in the United States. Some of the fine residences front upon this square. When at Franklin Square, the visitor may if so inclined take a car upon Fourteenth Street, on the west side of the square, and ride to within a short walk of Columbian University, beyond the ter- minus of the Fourteenth Street railway, passing by the State Department on the south-east corner of Fourteenth and S Streets. • This building belongs TO WASHINGTON CITY. 69 to the Washington Orphan Asylum, and is rented by the government until the new State Department is completed. There are some interesting docu- ments and treaties here, but they are no longer shown to the public, since some of the most valu- able seals were stolen a year or more ago, by an employe" of the department. COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY Was opened in 1822 as a college. In 1873 it was created a University. There are Law and Medical Departments connected with it. About 40 acres of ground are attached to the property, and the total value is $400,000. Returning by the Fourteenth Street cars, the visitor will alight at the corner of Fourteenth and H Streets, and entering the Metropolitan or F Street cars, ride to Ten th Street, and proceed to the Med- ical Museum on Tenth below E and F Streets. THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. The history of this building is more romantic and thrilling than one would imagine from its plain and unpretending appearance. It is located on Tenth Street, west, between E and F Streets, north, and is open daily from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. It is 6 70 STF ANGERS GUIDE three stories high, 109 feet deep, and 71 feet front. It was originally a church, and was afterwards converted into a theatre, and used as such until April 14th, 1865, when it was the scene of the tragedy of the assassination of Lincoln. It was then at once closed by order of the government. In April, 1866, it was purchased by Congress for $100,000, and remodeled, and made fire proof, and assigned to its present use. The first floor is used by a division of the Sur- geon-General's Office. The surgical records are on the second floor, and in the offices of the Sur- geon-General on this floor, in the south wing, are portraits of some celebrated physicians, among them an original, by Peale, of Dr. Physick. The Museum is on the third floor. It contains the finest collection of Surgical and Medical patho- logical specimens in the world, and is carried on in the interest of medical science, and is resorted to by surgeons and physicians from abroad as well as from this country. A portion of the vertebras of the neck of the assassin Booth is in the Surgical Sec- tion. No medical man should neglect to visit this museum. The library of the Medical Museum con- tains nearly forty thousand volumes. The house opposite, No. 516, is the house in which President Lincoln breathed his last. The Medical Depart- TO WASHINGTON CITY. 71 rnent of Georgetown College adjoins the Museum, and through its corps of experienced Professors and admirable facilities offers rare opportunities to the student of medicine. By returning to F Street, and proceeding east one block, the visitor will reach the MASONIC TEMPLE. It is located on the corner of Ninth and F Streets, N. W. It was erected by the Masonic Hall Association. The cor- ner-stone was laid in 1868. It is built of granite and free stone, and cost $200,000. The first floor is occupied by stores, and the second by a public hall, 100 feet long and 48 feet wide, with retir- ing rooms. Some of the most brilliant balls and state socia- bles given in the city have been held in this hall. On the third floor are the blue lodges of Masonry, and on the fourth floor are the Koyal Arch Chapters. Directly opposite the Masonic Temple is the MASONIC TEMPLE. 72 STRANGERS GUIDE PATENT OFFICE. The Patent Office is situated between Seventh and Ninth, and F and G Streets. The length of the building is 410 feet, and the width is 275 feet. The style of architecture is Doric, and, although the finish is plain and simple, it is greatly admired PATENT i iFFICE for its majestic grandeur. The same plain finish and grandeur will be observed in the interior. It is built of sandstone painted white, and the exten- sion is of white marble. It was designed simply for the Patent Office, but the Interior Department occupies a portion of the building. The lower stories are divided into de- TO WASHINGTON CITY. 73 partmeuts suitable for the various offices of the Department of the Interior, such as the Indian and Public Land Offices. On the second floor are the Model Rooms, containing a model of every patent issued by the United States since 1836. As each case is provided with a card designating the con- tents, it is unnecessary to enumerate here. Near the entrance are some historical relics of interest ; such as Franklin's Printing Press, Washington's Tea-set, and other personal property used by Washing- ton. In case 23 is the orig- inal of the Declaration of Independence, also a model patented by INTERIOR OF PATENT OFFICE. Abraham Lincoln in 1847, and a pair of gloves which belonged to President Lincoln. The east and west halls are each 271 feet long and 64 feet wide. The north and south halls are a little smaller, being about 145 feet in length. In 1836 the building which was used as a pat- ent office was destroyed by fire, with all the models 74 STRANGERS GUIDE it had received for Dearly fifty years. The first patent issued was to Samuel Hopkins, in 1790, for making "pot ashes." This bureau is self-supporting, the expenditures not equalling the receipts from fees. The cost of the building was about $2,700,000. It contains 191 rooms. It was designed by W. P. Elliotte, and executed by Robert Mills and Edward Clark. THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The first building erected for the accommodation of this department, and in which the business of POST OFFICE. the Patent Office was then transacted, was burned in 1836. The foundation of the present edifice was laid in 1839. The E Street portion was de- TO WASHINGTON CITY. 75 signed and finished by Robert Mills, and is built of marble from New York. The extension was designed by T. W. Walter, and built of Maryland marble. It was commenced in June, 1855. The style is a modified Corinthian. It covers the entire square bounded by Seventh and Eighth Street, west, and E and F Streets, north, and is im- mediately opposite the Patent Office. The entire building measures 300 by 204 feet. The interior is divided into apartments suitable for the business of the department. To obtain admission to the Dead Letter Office, it is necessary to procure a permit from the Post- master-General or the Chief Clerk of the Fi- nance office. Visitors should inquire for the book of post-office accounts kept by Dr. Franklin, the first Postmaster-General of the Colonies. The City Post-Office occupies the lower story of the north front. JUDICIARY SQUARE AND CITY HALL. Leaving the Post-Office by the north front on F Street, the visitor can ride or walk down F Street to Judiciary Square. This square comprises about 20 acres, and extends from the intersection of Indiana and Louisiana Avenues, on the south, to 76 STRANGER'S GUIDE G Street, on the north, and from Fourth to Fifth Streets. The south front portion is occupied by the City Hall. On the east side was erected the immense building used for the inau- guration ball, I given in honor of President Grant's second inauguration. In the City Hall the sev- eral courts of the District hold their sessions. The present structure is over 200 feet in length, and is but one wing of the build- ing, as designed by George Hadfield. It was begun in 1820 and completed in 1849. A statue in marble of Lincoln stands directly in front of the portico. It was erected by voluntary contributions of some patriotic citizens, and was executed by Lot Flaunery, a self-taught sculptor, The statue is about 9 feet in height, and is erected upon a marble column 27 feet high. Returning to Seventh Street, the visitor may enter a Seventh Street car going north, and ride to CITY HALL TO WASHINGTON CITY. 77 the terminus of the road ; and thence, by the Silver Springs horse-cars, to within a mile of the ROCK CREEK CHURCH AND CEMETERY. The cemetery lies near the Soldiers' Home, on the north ; the church lies on the west, and is St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Rock Creek Parish. It was erected in 1719, with bricks imported from England, and, although the church was rebuilt in 1775, and remodeled in 1868, the main walls are those erected in 1719. The Bible used is an Oxford edition of 1727. The oldest graves are east of the church. A fine monument is over the grave of Peter Force. THE NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERY Is east of Rock Creek Cemetery, and north of the Soldiers' Home, which it adjoins. It contains 5,424 graves. soldiers' home. This attract- ive place ad- ioins the Mili- yATI °- VAL cemeteby at soldiers' home. tary Cemetery, and is open every day, except 78 STRANGER'S GUIDE soldiers' home. Sunday. It is one of the most attractive drives around the city, and is much resorted to in pleasant weather. The property comprises about 500 acres, and is beautifully laid out in drives, of which there are 7 miles, and in lawns, meadows, gardens and lakes. The buildings consist of the main building, used as a dor- mitory, the hospital, residences of the governor, surgeon, and officers of the Home, a gardener's cottage, and a beautiful chapel built of Seneca stone. There is a new hospital some distance off, and near it are the buildings used by the farmer. The Home was originally only a Military Asy- lum, and was founded through the efforts of Gen- eral Scott, who procured the assignment to this purpose of a portion of the money levied by him upon the City of Mexico, when he took possession of it. The fund is increased by the forfeitures and fines against soldiers, and by a tax of 12 cents per month on each private soldier in the regular army. The Home was the favorite summer residence of President Lincoln. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 79 HOWARD UNIVERSITY Is open daily to visitors. It is on the left of the Seventh Street road, on the return to the city from the Soldiers' Home. It is open to all, without re- gard to sex or color, but is attended by colored pupils only. The Un- iversity Build- ing is four stories high, and is quite complete. Miner Hall, on the northeast, is named after Miss Miner, a lady who taught colored children in the days when slavery still existed. The property is valued at about $600,000. The visitor can return to the city by the Seventh Street horse-cars, and thus end the second day. HOWARD UNIVERSITY. itril pai|. ALL WEST OF FIFTEENTH STEEET, INCLTJD- ING- GEOEGETOWN AND AELINGTON. HE visitor can most conveniently com- mence the third day at the Treasury Department, on the northwest corner of Fifteenth Street and Pennsylvania Ave- nue, which may be reached by the Penn- sylvania Avenue cars. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. This department may be reached by the street cars, on Pennsylvania Avenue, or by the Four- teenth Street or the Columbia Street cars. It is open to visitors from 9 a. M. to 2 p. M. It is on Fifteenth Street, east of the President's House. The portion fronting on Fifteenth Street is the WASHINGTON CITY. 81 old building, which was commenced in 1836, upon the site of the old Treasury building, which was burned in 1833. The foundation of the exten- sion was laid in September, 1855, and is a great TREASURY. improvement upon the old structure. It was de- signed by Walter, begun by Young, and then was continued by Rogers, and finally completed by A. B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. The east front consists of a colonnade 336 feet long, with thirty Ionic columns. The extension flanks the old building at each end with massive granite masonry, and makes beautiful terminations of the north and south fronts, which break the monotony of the long colonnaded portico of the old building. The 82 STRANGER'S GUIDE walls of the extension are composed of pilas- ters, resting on a base, which rises twelve feet above the ground on the southern side. In the centre of the southern, western, and northern fronts are" magnificent porticos, and on either side of the platforms and steps of these porticos are courts or parterres, which, in summer, are lovely masses of flowers and shrubs. The whole build- ing is of the Grecian Ionic order, three stories high, with two basements and an attic, and the building is surmounted by a massive granite bal- ustrade. The granite is all brought from Dix Island, on the coast of Maine. The columns are monolithic, 31 feet high, and 4 feet in diameter. The entire building is 466 feet long — exclusive of the porticos — and 266 feet wide. In the courts are fountains, and directly opposite the western portico, at the entrance to the President's Park, is a fountain, the basin of which is built of mas- sive granite. Before the north entrance is a tes- sellated platform, the centre of which is occupied by a fountain, consisting of a boldly designed tazza of granite, from which the water falls into a broad basin, escaping finally through four lions' heads, into as many smaller basins surrounding the larger one. The objects of special interest are the Cash Boom and the Vaults. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 83 THE CASH ROOM Is directly opposite the north entrance, but the best view is to be obtained from the interior bal- cony, which may be reach- SjL ed by ascend- f] 4>" ing either stairway in fP the east and west angles of the north side, i The walls of this room are of the most beautiful marble. It is two stories high, divided on the level of the second story floor by the balcony upon which the visitor stands. The floor is tessel- lated in white and red marble. The marbles are as follows : In the lower story, stylobate ; base, black marble, from Vermont; mouldings, Bar- diglio, from Italy ; stiles, Dove, from Vermont ; panels, Sienna, from Italy ; dies, Tennessee. Above, stylobate, pilasters, white veined ; stiles, Sienna, from Italy ; panels, Bardiglio ; cornice, white- veined Italian. Upper story, same as lower, except CASH ROOM, TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 84 STRANGER S GUIDE the panels above stylobate, which are Sarrangolum, from the Pyrenees. The vaults in which the gold is kept may be seen upon a written permit from the Treasurer, whose office is in the northeast corner of the first floor. The Secret Service Bureau may be visited by any one who is introduced by a known party. It contains the plates and dies used by counterfeiters, and has also a rogues' gallery. A complete Ku Klux suit is also in this office, which was taken off a man who was captured by detectives. In the basement may be seen the money as it is cut in half in the Redemption Bureau, previous to being burned. A messenger will be sent with visitors, by the Treasurer, who will conduct them to all places of interest which the public are per- mitted to visit. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is in the attic ; no persons are admitted without a permit from the Secretary of the Treasury, and this is granted in special cases, to a limited number, upon Tuesday and Thursday only. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Is immediately opposite the Treasury, on Penn- sylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and Fifteenth- TO WASHINGTON CITY 85 and-a-half Streets, on the second floor of the Freedmen's Savings Company. The Attorney- General's Office is near the top of the stairs. There are a number of portraits of dif- ferent Attorneys-General in this room. THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE. The Executive Mansion, or White House, is on Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the Treasury De- partment, the grounds of the two buildings being di- vided by Executive Avenue. The grounds comprise about eighty acres, and are nearly midway between the Capitol and Georgetown, being one mile and a half from the former. Two large gateways con- 7 86 STRANGER'S GUIDE stitute the entrances on the north, connected by a drive and a foot-walk, which sweep in a semicir- cle past the White House. The grounds are laid out in walks, mounds, trees, fountains, and drives. East of the house is a bronze statue of Jefferson. South of the house the grounds are divided by WHITE HOUSE — SOUTH VIEW. an inclosure of the private grounds. Directly in front of the south portico is a stand, from which the Marine Band discourses music for open air concerts, every Saturday afternoon, which are free to the public. The house has a rustic base, which on the south side is entirely above ground, and gives a facade of three stories. The main building is 170 feet TO WASHINGTON CITY 87 long, by 86 feet deep. It is of sandstone, painted white. On the west are the conservatories. The maind oor on the north opens into a spacious ves- tibule 40 by 50 feet. A door on the left opens into a passage at the foot of the stairway leading to the anteroom. Across the passage is the East Room, which is used for public receptions. It is 80 feet by 40 feet, and 22 feet high. It is richly, though not extravagantly furnished and finished. It is open to the public from 10 A. M. to 3 p. M. The rest of the rooms are pri- vate. On the west is a door opening into the Green Room, which opens on the west into the Blue Room, 40 by 30 feet. It is finished in blue and gold, and is used as a recep- tion room by the President and his wife. From this room opens the Red Room, which is the family parlor, and which opens into the State Dining Room, 40 by 30 feet. The Executive Office is on the second floor, also the library and seven sleeping apartments. WHITE HOUSE— EAST ROOM. 88 STB A NGER ' S G VIDE THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. South of the President's House are the Wash- ington Monument grounds. They are connected by an avenue with Executive Avenue, and form a contin- uation of the drive which winds around the Monument and enters the grounds of the Department of Agriculture, at Fourteenth Street. The design of the Wash- ington Monument, as pre- pared by Robert Mills, con- templates a shaft 600 feet in height. The marble obelisk, resting on a founda- tion of gneiss 17 \ feet high, is 55 feet square at the base. This foundation is 81 feet square, and extends 8 feet below the surface. The wall of the obelisk is 15 feet thick at the base, and gradually tapers on the outside. The inside of the wall is perpendicular, and the inclosed space is 25 feet square. The wall of 15 feet will ascend until the gentle taper reduces it to 10 feet in thickness. The interior walls will be ornamented by the in- sertion of the numerous specimen pieces sent from all parts of the world. Among these tributes to "WASHINGTON MONUMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 89 the memory of Washington, are some from Mount Vesuvius, China, Bremen, Swiss Kepublic, the Temple of Carthage, Greece, Japan, and twelve bricks from the birthplace of Washington. The Monument is now 170 feet high, and has cost $230,000. The estimate of the total cost is $1,120,000. Kepeated efforts have been made to raise sufficient funds to complete the work, but so far have proved unavailing. A keeper who resides on the ground will exhibit the contributions of tablets to visitors. LAFAYETTE SQUARE. Opposite and north of the President's House is the public square of the above name. It contains about 7 acres, beautifully laid out in graveled walks, and adorned with trees, shrubbery, and flowers. The equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson is in this square. It is the work of Clark Mills, and is cast from the brass guns and mortars captured by Jackson. The statue is one-third larger than life, weighs 15 tons, and cost about $50,000. The horse is poised STATUE OF JACKSON. 90 STRANGERS GUIDE upon his hind feet, and is not secured in position by bars or rivets, but the tail and hind parts of the horse being cast solid, the statue keeps its place by the laws of gravity. It is probably the only in- stance of the kind in the world. The artist has simply copied nature, after finding the position a horse naturally takes in rearing. This monument to the hero of New Orleans was erected on the 8th of January, 1853, the anni- versary of the battle in which General Jackson routed the British forces. Stephen A. Douglas delivered the oration. CORCORAN ART GALLERY. This building is on Pennsylvania Avenue, one square west of Lafayette Square. It is a donation from Mr. W. W. Cor- coran, of this city. It is 104 by 124* feet, and is constructed of brick with trimmings of Belleville free- stone. The roof is slated Mansard, and CORCORAX ART GALLERY. the general style of the entire building is elegant, yet chaste. The cost was 8600,000 for the building alone. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 91 The entrance is on Pennsylvania Avenue, and leads to a vestibule, from which ascend the broad stairs of freestone to the floor above. On the first floor are the janitor's rooms ; two rooms which are intended to be used as a school of design ; the trustees' room ; the library ; and the sculpture hall. The picture galleries are on the second floor, and are all lighted by skylights, which are so arranged that the light can be regulated as desired. There are three small galleries fronting on Pennsylvania Avenue ; the centre one is an octagon. In the rear of these, along each side of the building, are two galleries, 19 by 44 feet. The grand picture gallery is at the back of the building, and is 45 feet wide by 96 feet long. The galleries are all connected with each other by lofty doors. The ceilings and cornices are richly ornamented with representa- tions of American foliage. The building was begun in 1859, but from 1861 to 1869 it was occu- pied by the Quartermaster-General of the United States. In 1869 Mr. Corcoran formally conveyed it to a board of trustees. In the octagon room, which was specially fitted up for this work of art, is Powers' 8 Greek Slave; also, some busts of celebrated men, and the Veiled Nun, which is rather curious as a work of art. A num- bered catalogue may be procured of the janitor at 92 STRANGER'S GUIDE the door, which will designate each picture. Mr. Corcoran donated his own private collection, which cost upward of 8100,000. Mr. Corcoran is a wealthy retired banker, who was born in Georgetown in 1798. He is still living and in excellent health. WAR DEPARTMENT. Opposite the Corcoran Art Gallery is the War Department. It is open from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. It will soon be re- ^ moved, to give iSSE place for the de- partment now being erected. In the Secreta- ry's office, at I the east end of ;* the corridor, on the second floor, is a gallery of portraits of the Secretaries of War. On the first floor of a small building opposite the War Depart- ment, No. 616, is the Flag Koom. Here are the Union flags which had been taken from the Union forces and recovered at Richmond ; also, the cap- tured Confederate flags. Many of these flags have curious histories attached to them. WAR DEPARTMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 93 NAVY DEPARTMENT. This department fronts on Seventeenth Street, and is south of the War Department. It, too, will soon be torn down, to make room for the new build- ing. The Sec- retary's office is at the south i|j| end of the cor ridor on the : second floor. NAVY DEPARTMENT. NEW STATE, W T AR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT. South of the present Navy Department, on Sev- enteenth Street, is being erected the south wing of what will be occupied when finished by the State, War, and Navy Departments. It will be a mag- nificent addition to the public buildings of Wash- ington, when completed. It was designed by A. B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, and was commenced in 1871. It will measure 253 by 471 feet, and including pavil- 94 STRANGER'S GUIDE ions and steps, 342 by 567 feet. The greatest height will be 128 feet. NEW STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS. WINDER S BUILDING. Corner of F and Seventeenth Streets, opposite the Navy Department ; open from 9 A. m. to 2 p. m. The first floor is occupied by the Chief Engineer of the Army. The last room on the corridor, lead- ing to the right, is the Battle Record Room, The floor above is occupied by the Judge Advocate General of the Army, and the Ordnance Office. On the third floor is the Second Auditor's Office. Passing through the Ordnance Office, the Ord- nance Museum may be reached. The objects of TO WASHINGTON CITY. 95 interest are captured Confederate flags ; United States Army uniforms, complete ; Jeff Davis's rifle; shells picked up on battle-fields ; accoutrements used in the army from the earliest dates, guns of every kind, batteries, projectiles, etc. SIGNAL OFFICE. Open from 9 A.M. to 3 p.m. This office is under the charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, familiarly known as " Old Probabilities," and oc- cupies two adjoining buildings on G Street, west of the War Department. It is plainly designated by the various anemometers, vanes, and wires above the building. The chief interest is in the Instrument Room, on the fourth floor. THE NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. This is one of the leading observatories in the world, though only founded in 1842. It is at the foot of Twenty-fourth Street, and may be reached by a short walk after leaving the Pennsylvania Avenue cars at Twenty-third Street or the Circle. It is open from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., though some- times night visits are permitted when the work is not pressing. 96 STRANGER'S GUIDE NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. The grounds are about 20 acres in extent, and are quite beautiful. On the bank of the Potomac is Braddock's Rock, so call- ed from the fact that in 1755 Brad- dock's troops landed here. The main building is 50 feet square, consisting of a basement, two stories, crowned by a revolving dome, 7 feet above the roof, and 23 feet in diameter. The two wings are 26 by 21 feet, and 18 feet high. East of this east wing is the residence of the Super- intendent. In the Superintendent's room is a clock con- nected by wires with clocks in the Treasury and Navy Departments and Signal Office. The appa- ratus is fine, and can be seen when not in use. Returning to Pennsylvania Avenue at the Wash- ington Circle, the visitor may view Clark Mills's equestrian statue of Washington. In 1853 Con- gress appropriated 850,000 for this statue. It was cast out of guns donated by Congress, and is fifteen TO WASHINGTON CITY. 97 STATUE OF WASHINGTON. feet high. It represents Washington at the crisis of the Battle of Princeton, when he rallied his troops in the face of the enemy. The horse is shrink- ing back from the fire of the enemy, but Washington sits calmly erect and surveys the ! fearful scene. The likeness is considered very faithful, being from a bust by Hou- don, taken in Washington's lifetime. GEORGETOWN. Entering the cars going west at the Washington Circle, it is but a short ride to Georgetown. The visitor may ride to the end of the route, and turning toward the river,a short walk will bring him to the Aq- ueduct Bridge, where the Al- exandria Canal Crosses the Po- aqueduct bridge, Georgetown. tomac. This bridge is 36 feet above high-water mark, and is about 1400 feet long. Crossing this 98 STRANGER'S GUIDE bridge, a walk or a drive of a mile brings the vis- itor to ARLINGTON HOUSE, Situated upon Arlington Heights. It was the home of George Washington Parke Custis, Gen- eral Washington's adopted son, and in later years it was the residence of General Robert E. Lee, who married a daughter of Mr. Cus- tis, and who aban- doned his home when he joined in the re- bellion. The estate was sold under the Confiscation Act in 1863, and was taken possession of in 1864 by the Government, and 200 acres set apart as a National Cemetery. The house consists of a centre building, 60 feet long, and two wings, each 40 feet long. A portico 60 feet long and 25 feet wide extends along the centre building. In the rear of the house are the kitchens, slave quarters, stables, etc. The house is situated upon an eminence about 200 feet above the river, from which a lovely view is to be obtained of the Capital. ARLINGTON HOUSE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 99 NATIONAL CEMETERY AT ARLINGTON. THE CEMETERY Was formally established in 1867, and now the bodies of about 1 6,000 soldiers repose in this love- ly home for the dead. The white soldiers lie in the west ceme- tery, and the colored troops |W in the north grounds. In the eastern portion of the west cemetery are the graves of Mr. and Mrs. Custis. Upon the monument erected to them are their names and dates . of death ; Mr. Custis having died in 1854, and Mrs. Custis in 1853. South of the house is a granite sarcopha- gus, placed over the bones of 2111 un- known soldiers, gathered from the battle-fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock, MONUMENT TO UNKNOWN SOLDIER?. 100 STRANGER'S GUIDE after the war. The monument is surmounted by cannon and balls, and bears the following inscrip- tion: BENEATH THIS STONE Repose the bones of two thousand one hundred and eleven Unknown soldiers, gathered after the war From the fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock. Their remains could not be identified, but their names And deaths are recorded in the archives of the Country, and its grateful citizens Honor them as of their noble arrny of martyrs. May they Rest in peace. September, A. D. 1866. The vault beneath, in which the remains are placed, is 30 feet deep, and 20 feet in diameter. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE. Keturning to Georgetown, the visitor can pro- ceed to Georgetown College, west of the city a short distance. It is the oldest Roman Catholic College in the country, having been founded in 1789. It is under the care of the Jesuits. Boys of all ages are received. It has a law and a medical department connected with it, and has an astro- nomical observatory. In the library are many rare and curious books, some dated in the four- teenth century, and some manuscripts even older than the printed books. There are a laboratory, TO WASHINGTON CITY. 101 and a museum containing a collection of coins and relics of Commodore Decatur. The College may be visited every day excepting Sunday. THE CONVENT OF THE VISITATION Is on Fayette Street, a. short distance from the College. It was founded in 1799. It is not open to visitors, but the academy connected with it may be visited on Wednesday or Saturday after 12 m. In a vault at the Convent are the remains of the daughter of General Winfield Scott, and of the daughter of Madame Yturbide. Ascending Market Street a short distance, at the head of the street is the GEORGETOWN HIGH SERVICE RESERVOIR, 120 feet in diameter, and capable of holding 1,000,000 gallons. Continuing east, a short walk along Koad Street leads to OAK HILL CEMETERY. It is open every day, except Sundays and holi- days. It comprises thirty acres, ten of which, together with an endowment of $120,000, was the gift of Mr. W. W. Corcoran. It is an exceedingly 102 STRANGERS GUIDE beautiful resting-place for the dead. Its situation is very lovely, being upon Georgetown Heights, at the foot of which runs Rock Creek. The chapel is very picturesque. In the northeast portion of the ground is the Corcoran mau- soleum, and in the east portion is the Van Ness mausoleum, which once stood on H Street, between Ninth and Tenth. Chief Justice Chase, Secretary E. M. Stanton, and other prominent men, are buried here. Taking the first street descending to the city, at West Street the visitor may enter the Metropolitan Street cars and return to Washington. Alighting at the comer of Connecticut Avenue and N Street, OAK HILL CEMETERY THE SCOTT STATUE May be seen in the Square at the intersection of N and Sixteenth Streets and Massachusetts and Rhode Island Avenues, two squares distant from TO WASHINGTON CITY. . 103 the street cars. This statue was ordered in 1867 by Congress, and was placed in its present situation during the present year. The General is represented in full uniform, mounted upon a charger. Holding a pair of field glasses resting against his side, he is calmly sur- veying the field. The pedestal is 14 feet high and the statue 15 feet. The statue weighs 12,000 pounds and cost $20,000. It was designed by H. K. Browne, and cast by Wood & Co., of Philadel- phia, out of bronze cannon captured by the Gen- eral in Mexico. It is much admired, and is considered one of the very finest statues of the kind in the United States. The pedestal is in five blocks of Cape Ann granite, the largest ever quarried in this country, if not in the world ; that of the platform being 26 feet long, 13 feet wide, and 2 feet thick, and weighing over 119 tons. THE LOUISE HOME Is on Massachusetts Avenue, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets, less than a square from the Scott Statue. It is open to visitors every day ex- cept Sundays, after 12 noon. It was erected in 1871, by Mr. Corcoran, as a home for educated re- fined women reduced to poverty, and is a monu- 104 STRANGER'S GUIDE THE LOTTIE HOME. inent to the memory of Mr. Corcoran'.? wife and daughter, both deceased, and bears their name. It can ac- commodate fifty-five peo- ple, who are invited there by the board of directors. It has an e n dow m e n t of $250,000, and cost in all $200,000. A walk to Fourteenth Street, or a return to Connecticut Avenue, will bring the visitor to the street cars, which will convey him to any portion of the city, or a walk down Fifteenth Street will lead to Pennsylvania Avenue. If the visitor has the inclination to drive to the Great Falls of the Potomac, distance about 15 miles above Georgetown, it will prove a delightful diversion. The water which supplies Washington is carried by aqueduct from the Great Falls to the Dis- tributing Reservoir, a distance of twelve miles. The scenery along the road is picturesque, but TO WASHINGTON CITY. 105 particularly so when near the Falls. The water makes a descent of 80 feet in H miles, in a series of cascades, the highest being about 40 feet. The visitor has now ended the third day, and been guided to all objects of interest in the city and its vicinity. DOWN THE RIVER TO MOUNT VERNON AND ALEXANDRIA. MOUNT VERNON. STEAMER leaves daily, except Sunday, at 10 a.m., from the foot of Seventh Street, for Mount Vernon, and returns at 4 p.m. The Seventh Street horse-cars terminate the route near the landing. The fare for the trip is $1.50. Mount Vernon is about 15 miles down the Potomac, and aside from the interesting ride down the river, and its own beautiful location, it possesses the attraction of hav- ing been the home of the Father of his Country, and the spot made sacred by his grave. MOUNT VERNON". WASHINGTON CITY 107 A fine view of the Arsenal grounds and the In- sane Asylum is to be had shortly after leaving Washington. At Alexandria a short stop is made, another at Fort Foote, and another at Fort Wash- ington. Landing at Mount Vernon, on the road from the wharf to the house is the vault containing the marble sarcophagus in which repose the remains of Washington. By it is another containing the ashes of Martha, the consort of Washing- ton. Near are the monuments to others of Washington's fam- ily, and on the left of the path to the mansion is the old vault in which the body of Washington was first placed. The house is of wood, cut in imitation of stone. The centre was built by a brother of General Washington, and the wings were added afterward by the General. Along the lawn are the kitchen, laundry, smoke-house, butler's cottage, gardener's lodge, servants' hall, and other buildings. The garden is as laid out by Washington, and on the lawn are trees planted by him. In the hall is the key of the Bastile, presented to TOMB OF WASHINGTON. 108 STRANGER'S GUIDE Washington by Lafayette. In the east parlor are relics of Washington. In the dining hall are some portraits of Washington, and the painting by Rem- brandt Peale, of Washington before Yorktoivn. In the west parlor is an old picture of the attack on Carthagena, 1741, Admiral Vernon in command, with whom Lawrence, brother to the General, served. On the second floor, at the south end, is the room in which Washington died, December 14, 1799. It is a small room, and was the one used by the General and his wife. Opening from it are a dressing-room and a storeroom. The bed is the one upon which Washington died. After his death his widow closed the room and occupied a small room in the attic until her death. On this floor, also, is the room occupied by Lafayette. A fine view may be obtained from the cupola which sur- mounts the building. The house and grounds are the property of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, incorporated in 1856. Returning as far as Alexandria the visitor may leave the steamer, and, after a visit to this ancient city, return by ferry-boat or steam cars to Wash- ington, distant six miles. The boats and cars run every hour from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 109 ALEXANDRIA Was founded in 1748, and called Bellhaven. It has a population of over 13,000. At the corner of Washington and Cameron Streets is Christ Church (Episcopal), begun in 1765 and completed in 1773. It is built of bricks imported from England. Washington was one of the vestry of this church, and his pew, No. 59, is still as he occupied it. Pew No. 49 was used by- General Robert E. Lee, who came here to worship from Arlington. In the churchyard are some quaint old tombstones. A National Cemetery is near the city, which con- tains the bodies of nearly 4000 soldiers. An old building in the court of the Mansion House, on Fairfax Street, is called Washington's Headquarters, as it is said he occupied it when in Alexandria. 110 STRANGER'S GUIDE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON. Episcopal. — Christ Church, Navy Yard, G Street, E., between Sixth and Seventh Streets, S. St. John's, Sixteenth and H Streets, N.W. Ascen- sion, H Street, between Ninth and Tenth, N. W. Epiphany, G Street, between Thirteenth and TRINITY CHURCH. >"EW YORK AVENUE CHURCH. Fourteenth, N. W. Trinity, Third and C Streets, N. W. St. Mark's, Third and A Streets, S. E. Incarnation, Twelfth and N Streets, N. W. St. Paul's (Ritualistic), Twenty-third Street, south of Circle. St. Mary's (colored ), Twenty-third Street, between G and H Streets, N. W. Presbyterian. — First, Four-and-a-half Street, N. W., near City Hall. Fourth, Ninth, between G TO WASHINGTON CITY. Ill and H Streets, N. W. Assembly, Fifth and I Streets, N. W. New York Avenue, New York Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, N.W. (Colored), Fifteenth Street, between I and K Streets, N. W. Congregational. — First, Tenth and G Streets, N.W. Unitarian. — Sixth and D Streets, N. W. ST. ALOYSIUS. METROPOLITAN. Roman Catholic. — St. Peter's, Second Street, E., near Pennsylvania Avenue. St. Aloysius, I and North Capitol Streets, N. W. St. Dominick's, Sixth and F Streets, S. W. St. Patrick's, Tenth and F Streets, N. W. St. Matthew's, Fifteenth and H Streets, N. W. St. Stephen's, Pennsyl- vania Avenue and Twenty-fifth Street, N. W. Im- maculate Conception, N Street, between Seventh 112 STRANGER'S GUIDE and Eighth Streets, X. W. St. Martin's (colored), Fifteenth Street, near L Street, X. W. Methodist Episcopal. — Wesley Chapel, Fifth and F Streets, IS". W. Metropolitan, Four-and-a-half and C Streets, X. W. McKendree, Massachusetts Avenue, near Ninth Street, X. W. Hamline, Xinth and P Streets, X. W. Foundry, Fourteenth and G Streets, X. W. Asbury (colored), K and Eleventh Streets, X. W. Methodist Epnscopal, South. — Mount Vernon, Ninth and K Streets, X. W. Methodist Protestant. — Xinth Street, between E and F, N. W. Friends. — Orthodox, Thirteenth Street, between R and S, X. W. Hicksite, I Street, between Eighteenth and Xineteenth, X. W. German Reformed. — First, Sixth and X Streets, X. w. Baptist. — First, Thirteenth Street, between G and H, X. W. Shiloh, Massachusetts Avenue, between Xinth and Tenth Streets, X. W. Cal- vary, H and Eighth Streets, X. W. E Street, E Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, X. W. First (colored ), Xineteenth and I Streets, X. W. Christian. — Vermont Avenue, above X Street, X. w. Hebrew. — Washington Hebrew Congregation, TO WASHINGTON CITY. 113 Eighth Street, between H and I Streets, N. "W. Services, Friday, 7 p.m. Saturday, 9 a.m. Lutheran. — Trinity (Unaltered, Augsburg Con- fession), Fourth and E Streets, N. W. St. Paul's, Eleventh and H Streets, N. W. Memorial, Four- teenth and N Streets, N. W. Universalist. — Masonic Hall, Ninth and F Streets, N. W. HOTELS. Arlington. — Vermont Avenue, near H Street, N. W. $5.00 per day. Ebbitt — Fourteenth and F Streets, N.W. $4.00 per day. WillaroVs. — Fourteenth and Pennsylvania Ave- nue, $4.50 per day. Imperial. — E Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth, N. W. $4.00 per day. St. Marc. — (European), Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Metropolitan. — Pennsylvania Avenue, near Sev- enth Street. $4.00 per day. National. — Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street, N. W. $4.00 per day. St. James. — (European), Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street, opposite National. 114 STRANGER'S GUIDE RAILROADS. Baltimore and Potomac. — For north, south, east, and west. Depot, corner Sixth and B Streets, N. W. Baltimore and Ohio. — For north, east, and west. Depot, corner New Jersey Avenue and C Street, N. W. STREET CARS. Washington and Georgetown. — From Georgetown to the Navy Yard, connecting with the Fourteenth Street and Columbia lines, at Fifteenth and Penn- sylvania Avenue, exchange tickets given here for Fourteenth Street line ; with the Metropolitan line at Ninth Street ; with Seventh Street branch at Seventh Street, exchange tickets given here. At the west gate of the Capitol, the green cars turn to the left for the Baltimore and Ohio Depot, and the red cars turn to the right for the Navy Yard. Fourteenth Street Branch. — From New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street to the boundary. Ex- change tickets given for Pennsylvania Avenue lines. Seventh Street Branch. — From the boundary to the river. At Massachusetts Avenue thev connect TO WASHINGTON CITY. 115 with the Columbia line, and at F Street with the Metropolitan line, and at Pennsylvania Avenue with the Pennsylvania Avenue line, for which they give exchange tickets. Metropolitan Railway. —From Seventeenth Street, south of Pennsylvania Avenue, to Senate wing of Capitol. Intersects the Fourteenth Street and the Columbia lines at Fourteenth Street and New York Avenue ; the Ninth Street branch (for which ex- change tickets are given) at Ninth and F Streets; and the Seventh Street line at Seventh and F Streets. The Georgetown and East Capitol Street Branch of this line runs from Georgetown to Lincoln Square. The Ninth Street Branch. — from terminus of Ninth Street northwest to the Arsenal gate. Silver Spring Branch. — From terminus of Seventh Street northwest to the road leading to Soldiers' Home and Rock Creek Church. Columbia Railway. — From New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street, to boundary, east. At Ninth Street they intersect the Metropolitan, at Seventh Street the Seventh Street line. 116 STRANGER'S GUIDE. THEATRES. National Theatre. — E Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. Ford's Opera House. — Ninth Street, south of Pennsylvania Avenue. Q E O R q g . I'Jd'J i3 - a jJ '<3I ,j 57-33 j^g^yg IHK^Si HI aa 12 ;h : loQB in i E*10 ~S3 ^3 DE3 2B13 3 iN3 a £ V « Qgaai ad; Qflffi 11a gi £ ilia- M sSli itrss - ira QaSBagama laaa 3 ,^011 a i] 150 «sH ]HfeSf0Ejl , .. ] ..-I W **r-> -J ^3 tii/ lJ ! a a di ' gja-^a ejhi BBHISlllfflDDDn HBapaiiiflpsioQoa 3 a a II a site a 0^ in, B0BS? \ S T E MB OF THE CITIES OT wAsmimmTom ;^J_J_J— I ONIONTOWN. GEORGETOWN D.C. [MflBfiill*MEB^W Eli© EL M®KK0S®M 1874. \