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SMALL-POX : 
 
 THE 
 
 PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS 
 
 AND TIIEIR 
 
 PREVENTIVES. 
 
 WITH A SCIENTIFIC EXPOSITION OF 
 
 V A C C I N A T I 0 N. 
 
 By Dr. CARL BOTH. 
 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 ALEXANDER MOORE. 
 
 LEE & SHEPARD, Boston and New York. 
 TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster Row, London. 
 
 i 8 7 2. 
 
 [The Author reserves the right of translation.] 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by 
 Alexander Moore, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY JOHN 0. BEGAN & OO. 
 65 Congress Street. 
 
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SMALL-POX 
 
 j~)iseases which destroy a great many 
 human lives, we observe, make their appear- 
 ance from time to time. But the nature of these 
 diseases which thus appear periodically, seems to 
 be different from others, and they have been 
 thought to have their origin in climatical influ- 
 ences. That particular individuals feel more or 
 less affected by certain climates or atmospheres, 
 while others do not, there can be no doubt. But 
 while we admit that peculiar changes in the 
 atmosphere occur, which must have their certain 
 effect, we do not admit that such changes could 
 affect one person and not another. Nature is 
 very exact, and mathematically precise in carry- 
 ing on her work. Her laws are invariable and 
 absolute, logical and consequent in their opera- 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
6 
 
 SMALL— POX. 
 
 tions, and admit of no exceptions whatever. 
 Therefore, if we believe we have discovered one 
 of the facts of nature, our first duty is to see 
 whether it is always unfailing in its effect or appli- 
 cation ; for if it is not thus unfailing, we put it 
 down, not as a law or fact of nature, but as a 
 human mistake. Therefore, if there exists any- 
 thing in the atmosphere which is capable of 
 injuring any one person’s health, it must, from 
 the very law of necessity, be general in its effects, 
 so far as all who breathe it under the same con- 
 ditions are concerned; that is, if it injure one, 
 all must feel its effects, as they would the effects 
 of a strong wind, of heat, or of cold, or as they 
 would the effect of arsenic, or carbonic acid 
 inhaled, or an electrical shock, fire, water, etc. 
 For example, if a certain number of persons take 
 arsenic, or inhale carbonic acid gas, etc., under 
 the same condition, all will be alike injured ; not 
 one can escape. Hence, if we observe that only 
 a portion, perhaps a third, or even much less, of 
 a given population becomes seriously affected, 
 while all the rest are entirely free or exempt, then 
 we must logically conclude that there was some- 
 thing different in the organism of those affected, 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 7 
 
 from those who were exempt; in other words, 
 that the reason or cause of their being affected is 
 to be found in themselves , and not in the atmos- 
 phere alone. In all epidemics, such as cholera, 
 small-pox, yellow fever, typhus, etc., we find it 
 generally admitted that the affected persons have 
 shown a previously existing predisposition or sus- 
 ceptibility to it; that is, they were so constituted 
 in their organization as to be liable to it, while 
 those who continued in health were so constituted 
 as to escape uninjured. Therefore, it is a matter 
 of no consequence to us here, whether minute 
 spores float in the atmosphere, carrying the germ 
 of these diseases, or whether gases escape from 
 the earth, or from diseased persons ; or whether 
 electrical currents, or uneven pressure of the 
 atmosphere, or whatever may be thought to be 
 the infecting agent ; we have to do only with the 
 predisposition or susceptibility necessary in order 
 to be infected. If we can avoid this ^predisposi- 
 tion^ we need have no fear about the atmosphere, 
 or other supposed infecting agents ; we are invul- 
 nerable. This we lay down as a general rule ; 
 but our present purpose and object in particular 
 
8 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 is, to ascertain how the predisposition to Small- 
 pox may be escaped. 
 
 Small-pox is an epidemic which is very old, 
 extending back into the past as far as the records 
 of history, but in no century has it ever been 
 known to be worse, or more fatal, than in the 
 seventeenth, after the thirty years’ war in Europe ; 
 there seemed to be no stopping its ravages. In 
 the beginning of the eighteenth century, an Eng- 
 lish lady learned that the Asiatic tribes inoculated 
 themselves with Small-pox virus with a ' view to 
 escape the disfiguring of their faces from pitting ; 
 and the inoculation with Small-pox virus soon 
 became inaugurated in Britain. But the con- 
 sequences resulting from it were of such a char- 
 acter, that it soon came to be considered as a 
 dangerous proceeding. In the latter part of the 
 eighteenth century, Jenner introduced vaccination, 
 substituting cow-pox lymph for human Small-pox 
 lymph. Since that time, which is nearly one 
 hundred years, vaccination has been the only 
 preventive known, and has been most thoroughly 
 employed. But notwithstanding, Small-pox makes 
 its appearance, and at the present time is very 
 severe both in Europe and in parts of this country. 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 9 
 
 It has been admitted by the warmest advocates of 
 vaccination, that it is not unfailing , but is consid- 
 ered a means by which the party vaccinated is made 
 less liable to Small-pox. It must therefore be 
 admitted that something more certain and sure in 
 its effects can be considered, and that an improve- 
 ment as regards security against Small-pox is not 
 unseasonable, or out of place. 
 
 It is no part of our present purpose to repeat, 
 or to criticise the various views which are held in 
 regard to Small-pox. Whether it is born with a 
 child, or caught from the atmosphere, or from 
 contagion, or from spores, is a matter of compar- 
 ative indifference. The fact is, that it is a verv 
 disagreeable affection, and everybody is interested 
 in avoiding it. 
 
 But what is Small fox? It must be admitted 
 by all, that Small-pox consists in an escape or 
 exudation of something into the skin which causes 
 it to swell, and by a process of putrefaction de- 
 stroys it, and not unfrequently carries off the 
 patient. This mass, which is thus exuded or 
 thrown off into the skin, must necessarily come 
 from the blood ; therefore it must be something in 
 the blood which is abnormal, sickly, or bad, or 
 
IO 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 there must be something which has deranged the 
 whole system to such a degree that the blood, as 
 a consequent, is disturbed in an exceedingly pe- 
 culiar way. But if we would intelligently in- 
 vestigate this something , we must understand how 
 the blood is constituted, and learn which substance 
 can be the offending one, or what other parts of 
 the body have disturbed the blood-circulation so 
 as to bring about Small-pox. 
 
 Were we to analyze the blood, we should find 
 it to consist of three principal parts, namely : 
 water, albuminous combinations, and mineral sub- 
 stances called blood salts. But since it is not 
 possible that the blood serum or watery part of 
 the blood can be the offending element, it must 
 be found in the albuminous combinations, or in 
 the blood salts. Before we proceed to investigate 
 this particular point, however, it is necessary for 
 us to understand what these several parts are 
 for ; that is, their use, their office. Water in the 
 blood performs the office of a solvent only , and 
 does not of itself undergo any decomposition. The 
 water which we drink having performed its office 
 in the body, leaves it again, without change, as 
 water. The albuminous portion of the blood we 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 II 
 
 find partly organized, as blood-globules, which 
 act as the chemical machinery in the blood, and 
 partly not organized, as fibrin and albumen, etc. 
 These two again are distinguished by their con- 
 sistency — fibrin, under ordinary circumstances, 
 being confined within the blood-vessels, while 
 albumen is not; but is that substance which 
 penetrates the vessels, and nourishes all their tis- 
 sues. Albumen is that substance which is the 
 most prominent for life, and undergoes the greatest 
 changes in the body. The more of it we have in 
 our blood, the richer it is for nutrition ; but it will 
 not be difficult to comprehend that there is a limit 
 or bound to its usefulness, just as there is to the 
 usefulness of fertilizers in their application to the 
 soil. Every farmer and gardener knows that 
 without the use of fertilizers of some kind, they 
 can raise nothing ; and they know equally well, 
 that if they apply the fertilizers in excess, the 
 result will be the ruin of their crop. Excess, 
 therefore, as far as the result is concerned, is just 
 as bad as its opposite — a deficiency. There 
 must be a certain relative proportion of things 
 everywhere, in order to secure a given result; 
 and this is as true in reference to the blood, as to 
 
12 
 
 SMALL— POX. 
 
 anything else. Nature, therefore, must have in- 
 stituted within us a check or means by which to 
 regulate the amount of albumen in the blood, as 
 otherwise it might get so thick as to prevent it 
 from flowing at all. This check is the blood salts 
 generally , but common table salt especially . 
 
 The salt we eat leaves our body again as salt, 
 without undergoing any change whatever; but 
 while in the body, performs the office of keeping 
 the albumen in proper balance. Hence, from 
 this physiological fact, it becomes evident that, if 
 salt is wanting, albumen will be found in excess ; 
 and if salt preponderates, or is in excess, albumen 
 is deficient, or in demand ; both cannot be in excess 
 at the same time. It is equally evident that the 
 blood of a healthy person must contain the rel- 
 ative proportions of water, albumen and salts, 
 necessary to constitute normal or healthy blood, 
 and that any variations from this formula of nature 
 is abnormal, and must sooner or later, if the cor- 
 rect balance is not very soon reestablished, result 
 in the development of some disorder as the con- 
 sequence. As this cannot be denied by any in- 
 telligent person, we shall pursue our investigations 
 regarding the consequences to the human economy 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 13 
 
 growing out of those conditions which arise from 
 an excess or deficiency of albumen, or of salt, in 
 the blood. 
 
 It will, however, first be necessary to make the 
 reader somewhat acquainted with another portion 
 of the machinery of our body — the nerves. We 
 all know that we have nerves by which our mo- 
 tions are controlled, and nerves of sensation by 
 which we feel. Both these originate, and have 
 their seat in the brain. But we know that our 
 heart beats without our will, and so do our intes- 
 tines move, and so we must breathe, and so do 
 we digest our food. 
 
 The system of nerves that controls or presides 
 over these particular departments of operations 
 within the body, is called the sympathic. It does 
 not originate in the brain, but has its principal 
 centres in the abdominal cavity, at the sides and 
 in front of the spinal column, and is that nerve 
 by whose power we live. This nerve is as sus- 
 ceptible or liable to injury as any other, but being 
 entirely without the power of sensation, gives no 
 pain. When this nerve has been injured for a 
 length of time, it gives notice either by means of 
 its connection with other nerves, or its proper 
 

 SMALL-POX. 
 
 work is arrested at some point for a time, or it 
 works too much. For instance, if we abuse our 
 stomachs for years by the use of strong stimulants, 
 or high living, wines, etc., this nerve, being in- 
 sulted at the stomach, will relax in the joints of 
 the toes, and produce what is called gout, show- 
 ing no relaxation in the stomach, for should it do 
 so, the person would die. Or it relaxes in the 
 skin generally, and produces that condition 
 known as measles, or scarlet fever, or chicken- 
 pox, or small-pox, or if it affects more the lining 
 membranes of the internal canals, scurvy, or 
 typhus fever, cholera, and the like. The differ- 
 ence between these disorders is partly owing to 
 the different degrees of pressure which the force 
 of the heart exerts upon the body, or to the 
 chemical difference of the blood constituents, or 
 only to the seat or particular point of difficulty, 
 or to the more or less severe injury to the nerve 
 itself. The nerve may act in consequence of too 
 much irritation, so as to contract the finest capil- 
 lary blood-vessels to a degree which admits of no 
 circulation, producing complete stoppage, or, in 
 consequence of loss of power, it can relax the 
 walls of the vessels to such an extent as to let the 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 15 
 
 blood run directly through them. Having thus 
 given a general idea of the office of this nerve, 
 we shall now show the reason for its abnormal 
 action under certain conditions. 
 
 Suppose we eat meat (which contains a great 
 amount of albumen), and, at the same time, too 
 much salt. The almost immediate consequence 
 will be that we become very thirsty, the body 
 requires as much more water as is necessary to 
 throw out all the salt in excess of what was 
 required. This we all know ; but if the same ex- 
 periment is repeated again and again, we shall 
 find that sickness is the result ; the blood becomes 
 very poor and thin, and will no longer coagulate, 
 and, of course, cannot sufficiently nourish the 
 body, which, in consequence, becomes weak, and 
 the sympathic nerve finally relaxes so much that 
 the blood runs directly through the blood-vessels. 
 This condition is well known under the name of 
 scurvy. 
 
 A similar process, however, will occur, when- 
 ever from any cause there is a manifest lack or 
 deficiency of albumen. For example, typhus 
 fever, which, in its origin, is caused by an excess of 
 albuminous matter, is often followed by bleeding, 
 
i6 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 as in scurvy. In this case, the fever reduces the 
 albumen to such an extent, that the nerve relaxes 
 so as to permit the blood to run through the blood- 
 vessels ; and the same can occur after Small-pox, 
 but only when the process of recovery is very 
 slow and unfavorable. It also sometimes occurs 
 in cases of alcohol poisoning of long duration. 
 A more severe and profuse bleeding is occasion- 
 ally observed in cholera and yellow fever, in con- 
 sequence of spasmodic contraction of this nerve. 
 
 But suppose we reverse the case, and eat meat, 
 and too little salt ; what then will be the conse- 
 quences? From what we have already learned, 
 the answer can be very readily given ; there will 
 be an accumulation of albuminous matter in the 
 blood, which makes it too thick to answer 
 its designed purposes under all circumstances. 
 Therefore, upon the occurrence of some unusual 
 excitement, under which the action of the heart 
 necessarily becomes accelerated, the pulsations 
 or beats following each other more and more 
 rapidly, this blood, which is too thick, would in 
 some way have to get rid of a part of the albu- 
 men, as otherwise it could not flow with sufficient 
 rapidity, and under the circumstances would 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 17 
 
 produce pneumonia, or similar disorders, by 
 throwing this superfluous albumen into the lungs. 
 Or the occurrence of an extraordinary nervous 
 irritation could cause a spasmodic contraction of 
 the peripheric portion of the nerve, and thus 
 obstruct the free circulation in the skin, producing 
 a sensation of dull headache from blood pressure ; 
 then the nerve, by suddenly relaxing, would allow 
 the blood to rush into the now powerless vessels, 
 extending them to the utmost, until they would 
 either burst, or remain in this overfilled and ex- 
 tended condition. This would be the state which 
 we observe in the beginning or earliest stage of 
 Small-pox. The exuded or escaped mass con- 
 sequent upon the rupture of the blood-vessels 
 then begins to putrefy, destroys the surrounding 
 tissues, and finally heals by drying up, leaving 
 the skin in a more or less mutilated condition ; 
 or the patient dies from general blood poisoning, 
 or from exhaustion in consequence of the total 
 absence of a reestablished digestion. In short, 
 we wish to be understood as saying that the 'pre- 
 disposition to Small-pox consists in an undue 
 proportion of albuminous matter to the blood-salts, 
 and that as the result, an otherwise inoffensive 
 
i8 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 nervous irritation becomes sufficient to cause the 
 blood to part with this superfluous albumen, which 
 in this case is thrown into the skin, and constitutes 
 that condition which is commonly called Small- 
 pox. And we further maintain, that a person 
 who does not exhibit this superabundance of 
 albuminous matter in his blood is not liable to 
 Small-pox under any circumstances of exposure, 
 or contact with patients suffering from this dis- 
 order. 
 
 In support of this theory, which, if correct, 
 gives us at once the absolute control of this 
 dreaded disease, we give a few illustrations. It 
 is well known that Small-pox is a common disease 
 among the Asiatic tribes, who first made use of 
 inoculation as a preventive. If we consider their 
 mode of life, we shall observe that they live to a 
 great extent on starch and sugar ; that is, upon 
 food which largely contains starch and sugar, 
 and that salt is not regularly used by them in 
 connection with their food, or otherwise, either in 
 its own form, or in salt fish, or meat; and their 
 soft, fatty, and puffy appearance at once indicates 
 a preponderance of fat and albumen. On the 
 other hand, the disease is never found among 
 
SMALL— POX. 
 
 x 9 
 
 such races as live on salt fish, or who use salt 
 generally. It was unknown among the American 
 Indians previous to the coming of the white man, 
 but as soon as he came, and began to have deal- 
 ings with them, they were destroyed by Small-pox 
 in masses. Why? Had the climate undergone 
 a sudden change, or some deadly thing floating 
 in a current of the atmosphere descended upon 
 them, or had the white man brought it from over 
 the sea in his person, ships, or merchandise? 
 The Indians sold their furs, and other articles of 
 trade, in exchange for fire-water ; and alcohol, as 
 we shall hereafter learn, has the property or 
 power of freeing the blood of its salt. The In- 
 dians, in connection with their natural food (wild 
 game, fish, roots, etc.), received into their systems 
 a sufficient quantity of salt ; but when their blood- 
 salts were thrown out by the use of alcoholic 
 drinks, causing a relative preponderance of albu- 
 minous matter in the blood, they at once became 
 predisposed to Small-pox, and fell victims to its 
 ravages. The Western hunter or trapper would 
 rather part with his powder than his salt, because 
 he well knows that without salt he will very soon be 
 able to do nothing, from loss of vigor or power. 
 
20 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 He will sell, or sometimes give, the Indian all 
 the liquor he wants, or even powder, but will 
 never part with his salt, and the more especially 
 as the Indian certainly cares little or nothing 
 about it. 
 
 We find Small-pox a regular visitant wherever, 
 from any cause, salt has become scarce. After 
 all the long wars in Europe, when, from the pres- 
 sure of what was regarded as more important 
 business, the salt mines were unworked or neg- 
 lected, it has invariably made its appearance. 
 The same is true in reference to all besieged 
 cities after that salt became scarce ; examples of 
 which, we have in the sieges of Metz and Paris, 
 during the late Franco-Prussian war. When 
 food became scanty, a hungry person would eat 
 almost anything, and salt is about the last thing 
 for which he would ask, especially when scarce 
 and expensive. And, besides, when a person 
 eats salt he becomes hungry much sooner than 
 without it, and consequently, when food is very 
 scarce, will neglect its use, instead of procuring 
 it ; and for the same reason salt is in very limited 
 use in poor countries, and among the very poor. 
 The Prussian army had no Small-pox during the 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 21 
 
 late war — and why? they were well provided 
 with pea-sausages, which contained not only salt, 
 but all the necessary ingredients the human body 
 requires for health and vigor. It will invariably 
 be found, upon investigation, that the ravages of 
 Small-pox are principally confined to those cities, 
 countries, or particular localities where the popu- 
 lation is over-crowded, or dwells in close, unven- 
 tilated tenements, with habits and surroundings 
 of which, to say the least, are bad, living for the 
 most part in the use of alcohol, with little or no 
 salt, and upon food which does not contain the 
 requisite elements for constituting the best blood. 
 And if this investigation is still further pursued, 
 the reverse of this will be found true : namely, 
 that that city, or part of a city, the population of 
 which is composed of what is usually termed the 
 better or upper classes, whose dwellings, sur- 
 roundings, habits of life, and diet, are what they 
 should be, in connection with the use of a suffi- 
 cient quantity of salt, invariably and absolutely 
 escape this disease. 
 
 For an illustration of the truth of this statement, 
 let us, for example, take Boston. Disfigured faces 
 from the pitting of Small-pox are very rarely seen 
 
22 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 among the native population, or better classes ; 
 while they are very numerous among the foreign 
 population, and the very poor. Small-pox has 
 frequently Visited towns and cities in the vicinity 
 of Boston — Lowell, for instance — without affect- 
 ing Boston in the slightest degree. And whenever 
 it has made its appearance here, it has, as already 
 intimated, been confined to particular localities and 
 populations. The reason for this comparative 
 freedom from Small-pox in Boston is very simple. 
 In no city in the world is there so much salt used, 
 in proportion to the number of inhabitants, as here. 
 It would be difficult to find a table where salt was 
 not placed before each person, and at almost every 
 meal, with the exception, perhaps, of tea. Fish- 
 balls (made from salt fish) are also here a regular 
 dish. Foreigners coming to Boston almost inva- 
 riably live better than they did at home ; and while 
 they live principally upon meat and potatoes, with 
 considerable fat, they never think of adding any 
 more salt than they have previously been in the 
 habit of using, though probably consume eight 
 times the amount of albumen they were accus- 
 tomed to when at home ; thus producing an excess 
 of albumen in the blood — the 'predisposition 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 23 
 
 to Small-pox. If any person wishes to get an 
 idea of how much salt they should use under cer- 
 tain circumstances, let them take a baked potato, 
 and add as much salt as the taste will admit 
 of without being unpleasant, or as much as the 
 taste will bear, and they will be surprised at the 
 amount required, provided they have used no 
 sugar for some time previous. It will, however, 
 be found, that very many persons have a strong 
 prejudice against salt. They have come to believe 
 that a free use of it is hurtful, and therefore avoid 
 it as much as possible, For example, it is quite 
 commonly believed among the peasantry of 
 Europe, that the use of salt makes the bones 
 brittle, and, consequently, very little is used by 
 them. And then again, a poor man, when hungry, 
 cares next to nothing for salt, but will eat what- 
 ever is set before him, without regard to the flavor. 
 It should also be borne in mind, that those lands 
 which are cultivated by the poor, are, as a gen- 
 eral thing, very badly fertilized, and, conse- 
 quently, that all the cereals, vegetables, etc., thus 
 produced, and used or employed as food, are de- 
 ficient in salts, and that the same is equally true 
 in reference to the various animals, of which 
 
24 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 either the milk or the flesh is used as food, when 
 kept or confined in close stables, yards, or en- 
 closed pastures, having no freedom to procure 
 their own food, or a free access to salt. Another 
 very important fact which bears upon this subject 
 is, that there are substances in use which have 
 been introduced by civilization, that either have 
 the property or power of expelling the salt from 
 the blood, or of becoming a substitute for it, as 
 to taste. The most prominent of these is alcohol 
 among the former, and sugar among the latter. 
 With a deficiency of salt in the blood, arising 
 from these several sources (a neglect of its use 
 from whatever cause, cereals, vegetables, flesh- 
 meat, etc. , used as food, which have been produced 
 under bad culture or conditions, the use of al- 
 cohol, etc., by which the salt is expelled, and the 
 substitution of sugar and other substances by 
 which the taste is satisfied), we find that on the 
 continent of Europe, whenever and wherever 
 there has been an occasion of great excitement, 
 like war, for example, which has inpoverished the 
 people so as to cut off the ordinary supply of 
 food, Small-pox has invariably appeared. 
 
 We have already spoken of the American 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 23 
 
 Indians dying of Small-pox as soon as alcohol 
 became master of them. A person, after being 
 intoxicated with alcohol, will have a decided 
 craving for salt, or saltish food, as any one can 
 see who will take the necessary trouble to make 
 the observation. It is on this account that salt 
 fish is to be found in almost every bar-room. 
 Without the daily use of salt, the toper becomes 
 more or less bloated in appearance, and is not 
 only an easy prey to Small-pox, when exposed, 
 but is in that condition under which Small-jpox 
 can originate in him at any time . Therefore 
 we find Small-pox among races or nations that 
 use alcohol freely, and at the same time do not 
 use much salt. The poor people of some coun- 
 tries live principally upon potatoes and pork, and 
 use liquor freely. The pork, and the few cereals 
 and other vegetables used by them for food in 
 addition to the potato, having been produced or 
 raised on soil badly fertilized, or under unfavor- 
 able conditions, contain little or no salt whatever, 
 while the free use of alcohol throws out, or ex- 
 pels, what little the body may have gained from 
 other sources ; and consequently communities, 
 races, or nations who live in this way are always 
 
26 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 subject to Small-pox ; among such it makes its 
 greatest ravages. The fact that alcohol expels, 
 or throws out, the blood-salts, can be easily tested 
 by an examination of the urine of a person when 
 perfectly sober, and when intoxicated ; the dif- 
 ference of the saline residuum will be seen im- 
 mediately. 
 
 Among the Haytiens, especially among the 
 children, Small-pox is one of the most common 
 disorders. The principal food of the people 
 consists of yams, rice, bananas, and white bread, 
 with a free use of rum ; the delicacies are salt 
 fish or salt pork, from New England. Neither 
 yams, rice, nor white bread contains salt, and 
 the rum they drink expels what they get from the 
 salt fish and pork they use ; but of these latter 
 their children get very little, if any. Salt fish 
 and meat are dear in Hayti, and the lazy Haytien 
 cares little to supply salt fish for his children 
 when they have plenty of bananas, rice, and. 
 fruits to live upon. We venture to say that were 
 the importation of salted food wholly stopped, 
 the Haytien population would die out in a few 
 years, of Small-pox and kindred diseases. 
 
 By the use of alcohol the blood-salts are ex- 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 27 
 
 pelled ; but by the use of sugar the demand for 
 salt is not felt. - Every one knows that by flavor- 
 ing starch-pudding or rice with sugar, no salt is 
 required, and that by flavoring it with salt, no 
 sugar is required : it is equally palatable, and 
 the taste is satisfied. And even in the blood it- 
 self sugar can take the place of salt for a time, 
 but not permanently. It will be found that all 
 who use much sugar do not care for salt ; and 
 that when sugar is employed where salt should 
 be used, the taste does not indicate the error. 
 Still, sugar cannot replace salt in the body, and 
 its excessive use renders the body liable to an 
 excess of albumen and fat, and produces the 
 same external appearance as alcohol, though not 
 so soon. It will also be found that almost every 
 person who dislikes salt, or saline food, uses sugar 
 in excess. A moderate use of sugar is well 
 enough, as long as we supply the necessary 
 amount of salt ; but if we exclude the salt by an 
 excessive use of sugar, we thereby render the 
 body liable to infection from Small-pox. It can 
 be noticed that children, if left to themselves, 
 often eat salt by the spoonful ; which, if they are 
 prevented from eating freely, tastes to them as 
 
28 
 
 SMALL— POX. 
 
 sweet as sugar. Many parents forbid the free 
 use of salt, and feed their children on milk and 
 starchy food, flavored with sugar. What we 
 wish principally to show just here is, that by art 
 we substitute substances for those which are 
 required by nature, or, to a great extent, defy 
 her demands, and thereby render our bodies 
 liable to diseases which otherwise would be un- 
 known. Neither animals nor man know any- 
 thing of Small-pox in their natural state ; but 
 cows which are kept in close stables, and sheep, 
 if prevented from eating salt, show it. We 
 therefore positively maintain that Small-pox is 
 not a disease of nature, but a consequence of 
 some mistake of civilization, which, in part, con- 
 sists in a deficient use of salt, or in an excessive 
 use of such articles of food as either expel salt 
 from the blood, or, for the time, substitute the 
 demand for it. 
 
 It is not necessary, however, that a person 
 who has an undue proportion of albuminous matter 
 in his blood must, as a rule, get Small-pox ; but 
 according to circumstances, he may be affected 
 in some other part of the body instead of the skin ; 
 for example, if in his joints, the condition is called 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 2 9 
 
 acute rheumatism of the joints — a very dangerous 
 disorder for life ; or if his intestines become af- 
 fected, the condition is called "typhus.” There 
 are several reasons why similar derangements in 
 the blood will affect various places, at different 
 times. Albuminous compositions in the blood are 
 very changeable, and vary very much, as to 
 whether such substance is readily or newly 
 formed, or whether it has finished its purpose, and 
 is only left as residuum, or so-called blood cin- 
 ders, which have not been readily and properly 
 expelled. Another reason is, the constitutional 
 difference and habits of individuals are such, that 
 certain nervous centres in one are weaker than 
 in others, and naturally the parts which are con- 
 trolled by the weakest nerves, will be the ones 
 soonest affected. 
 
 The last reason we shall here adduce is, that 
 for all transformations and new formations there 
 exists a certain and unchangeable law of nature, 
 which we shortly quote from a paper "On Cells 
 and their Life,” published in Good Health , Dec. 
 1869, and which all should most fully compre- 
 hend. 
 
30 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 "All the various forms of matter which exist, have 
 certain qualities, which may be divided into active 
 and passive ; oxygen being the most active, and 
 carbon the most passive, of them all. Oxygen, 
 therefore, has the strongest affinity for carbon, and 
 its combinations are the most intimate and difficult 
 of decomposition of any yet known . Certain forms 
 of matter of a generally passive character, under 
 favorable circumstances, possess the quality essen- 
 tial to the formation of crystals. And it is a re- 
 markable fact, that each matter, or even combi- 
 nation, has always and invariably the same crystal 
 form peculiar to itself. The constant tendency of the 
 active to pursue the passive, for combination with 
 them, constitutes what, from a scientific point of 
 view, is called life, — a tendency to which may 
 be found in all and every kind of matter. The 
 various combinations which are taking place, and 
 the compound substances that are in constant 
 process of formation, have their origin in this 
 principle. By the aid of science these combina- 
 tions are analyzed, and the compound substances 
 are thus decomposed into what is called elements, 
 or elementary matter. Thus, by the light which 
 science reveals, we gain some definite knowledge 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 31 
 
 of the various properties and qualities of the 
 different forms of matter, their relations to each 
 other, and the results arising from their combi- 
 nation. As oxygen is the most active of all 
 known substances, it is always ready, upon every 
 occasion which offers, to act upon every other 
 element, or combination of elements, with which 
 it comes in contact. The opportunity for its 
 doing so may exist in pressure, concussive mo- 
 tion, light, electricity, heat, or by a third element, 
 or by a combination of elements. Any two ele- 
 ments may combine under given circumstances, 
 one being always more active than the other. 
 When another element, more active than either 
 of the previous, is brought into exercise, it may 
 destroy their unity by decomposing them, and 
 appropriate the more passive to itself, or it may 
 combine with both together. 
 
 " Life may be either organic or inorganic in its 
 nature ; but the difference between them is, per- 
 haps, not as great as is generally supposed. The 
 latter may be regarded as simple, the former as 
 complicated, life. The simple or inorganic forms 
 of life are found to exist before the commence- 
 ment of the organic, or complicated; and also, 
 
32 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 again, after it has ceased to exist. Organic, or 
 complicated, life, therefore, may be regarded as 
 occupying a position midway between the two 
 periods of simple or inorganic life. Illustrations 
 of inorganic life may be found in the growth of 
 stones, crystals, and other precious gems, and of 
 electrical currents. Similar illustrations of or- 
 ganic life are more readily seen in the under- 
 ferment cell, in the infinite variety of the vege- 
 table and animal kingdom, and in the human 
 organism ; the first-named being the lowest form 
 of organic life known, and the latter the highest. 
 Inorganic life can exist independent of the or- 
 ganic, but the organic cannot exist without the 
 inorganic; organic life is, therefore, a compli- 
 cation of inorganic life qualities ; the first is lim- 
 ited, the other is not. . . . 
 
 " Each matter, or element, has its own pecu- 
 liarity ; every element has a weight of its own, 
 which is known by numbers. Hydrogen, being 
 the lightest, has the number i ; oxygen, 8 ; car- 
 bon, 6 ; Nitrogen, 14, etc. If one element com- 
 bines with another under certain conditions, then 
 this combination will always take place under the 
 same proportions of weight (equivalents). For 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 33 
 
 example, oxygen combines with hydrogen to form 
 water. We always have 8 equivalents of oxygen 
 to i equivalent of hydrogen ; it is impossible that 
 4 or 5, or 7 or 9, of oxygen could be combined 
 with 1 of hydrogen. This number 8 is peculiar 
 to oxygen only, and cannot be found with any 
 other element, or combination of elements ; it is 
 the invariable quality of oxygen, and charac- 
 terizes it in all combinations. Carbonic acid 
 consists of 1 carbon, which has 6 for its number, 
 with 2 oxygen, with 8 for its number, its formula 
 is C O 2 , consequently its combination in equiv- 
 alents is 6 carbon to 16 oxygen. It is impossible 
 to have 6 carbon to 15 or 17 oxygen, or 4 or 5 
 carbon to 16 oxygen. This unvarying, most exact, 
 and absolute adherence to her own formula, by 
 nature in all her realms, is here stated to show 
 the mathematical precision with which she carries 
 on her work. 
 
 "The different elements, as before stated, can 
 combine among themselves in all directions, but 
 they must always and invariably follow another 
 unchanging law. For as all combinations must 
 always and invariably take place with certain and 
 unvarying equivalents, according to the law just 
 
34 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 stated, so, when from any cause a body becomes 
 decomposed, the elements which constituted "it 
 being thus set free, must from necessity form their 
 new unities, in accordance with such organism 
 as may happen to be in process of construction 
 at the place where, at that instant of time, 
 such particular element was set free. For ex- 
 ample : if we take a grain of wheat, and decom- 
 pose it in our stomach, its elements are bound to 
 serve as material for animal cells ; if we take it 
 and throw it into a fermenting liquid, its elements 
 are then bound to serve for the formation of fer- 
 ment cells. If we take cells from our own body, 
 and place them within reach of an apple-tree, the 
 elements of our cells are bound to serve for the 
 purposes of the apple-tree. It is in accordance 
 with this law that plants are nourished by the 
 gases of the atmosphere, and by fertilizers applied 
 to the soil, and it is also in accordance with this 
 law that our bodies are nourished and sustained 
 by the various forms of food of which we partake. 
 
 " The same law also controls the various forms 
 of disorders to which we subject ourselves through 
 neglect of the blood. In fact, upon this law rests 
 the arrangement of the whole world.’’ 
 
 It will be seen that all decomposition takes 
 place according to this law ; for wherever decom- 
 position of one form commences, the formation of 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 35 
 
 a new one begins. People residing in the same 
 cities or places, generally live in many respects 
 very nearly alike. That is, the general character 
 of their food, water, and the air they breathe, is 
 the same, the construction of their houses, and 
 the character of their occupations similar or alike, 
 and bad as well as good habits find imitators, etc., 
 and hence it is no cause for wonder that they 
 should be similarly affected by the same causes. 
 
 The amount of salts required in the body, varies 
 very*much according to the employment or occu- 
 pation of the person. A person who uses his 
 muscles more than his nervous system, requires 
 much less salt than the one who uses his brain 
 most. The use of the brain and nerves is followed 
 by an increased amount of salts in the excretions, 
 which goes to show that more is used in brain 
 labor than in mere physical labor, and therefore 
 that more should be supplied. The person who 
 lives on coarse bread, and good meats, requires 
 less salt than the one who lives on very white 
 bread, starchy food, and poor meat. The person 
 who lives on potatoes, fat, and rum, requires more 
 salt than ten ordinary persons together, to main- 
 tain the proper balance. A person living on a 
 great variety of things, flesh-meat, cereals, vege- 
 tables, fruits, fish, oysters, etc., requires less salt 
 than the one living on one kind of food. 
 
 It is a common error, or mistake, to regard 
 
36 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 phosphorus as an especial agent for nervous 
 power ; the fact is, the nerves require all the blood- 
 salts together, but especially common table-salt, 
 which is the strongest nervous stimulant nature 
 has provided. 
 
 Persons who have had Small-pox will re- 
 member, that for some time previous, they felt 
 dull, heavy, and sluggish ; not sick enough to be 
 alarmed by it, but were not as lively and vivacious 
 as formerly ; sometimes sad, moody, or melan- 
 choly, and sometimes nervously irritable and 
 unhappy. This peculiarity of feeling always 
 precedes Small-pox, and is occasioned by the 
 excess of albuminous substances in the blood. 
 In the beginning of Small-pox, it is characterized 
 by an extreme headache, the sensations of which 
 are as though a screw was being driven into the 
 back part of the head. This is the condition 
 when the blood-vessels are contracted by the 
 peripheric portion of the nerve, and the blood 
 thereby driven into the internal vessels. This 
 state is always accompanied by excessive chil- 
 liness ; but if the nerve relaxes, dry heat is felt on 
 the skin. In a day or two, paralysis of the peri- 
 pheric portion of the nerve occurs, either over the 
 whole surface of the body, or only over a part ; 
 sometimes over the whole surface of the skin, 
 and in the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Such 
 cases are generally fatal. In an exact ratio to the 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 37 
 
 paralytic portion of the nerve, the peculiar pox 
 appear, first as red pustules, which swell more 
 and more, according to circumstances, sometimes 
 remaining single, and sometimes running to- 
 gether, so as to give to the patient the appear- 
 ance of a swollen and almost shapeless mass. 
 The severity of the case depends entirely upon 
 the previous condition of the blood. In due time 
 these pustules begin to suppurate, and after hav- 
 ing discharged their pus (which is nothing but 
 decomposed albumen, with a little escaped blood, 
 and some fragments of skin which have been 
 destroyed in the process), dry up, leaving marks 
 on the skin where they were. After persons re- 
 cover from Small-pox they almost invariably say 
 they feel as if new born . The fact is, they are 
 now only healthier than they were previous ; that 
 is, they now experience the benefit of a correct 
 balance in their blood, and, therefore, feel as if 
 new born. But a 'person who always lives cor * 
 rectly will constantly have a similar experience , 
 and no need for Small-pox . The very fact of 
 this invariable experience of persons who have 
 had the Small-pox is one of the best proofs of 
 their previously sick condition, which, however, 
 they were unable to perceive, simply because 
 they either did not know or think of any better 
 conditions at the time. 
 
 The excess of albumen in the blood, or the 
 
38 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 predisposition to Small-pox, and kindred diseases, 
 shows itself in some, by a heavy, sluggish feeling, 
 more or less oppressive ; others are oppressed 
 with a sadness and melancholy, which makes 
 them ready for suicide ; while others, again, are 
 depressed one minute, and ready for a fight the 
 next. The appetite is irregular, and generally 
 of such a character, that while the person wants 
 or craves something, he does not know what he 
 wants. Such persons very frequently give ex- 
 pression to their own view of their condition, by 
 saying, "My blood is too thick.” And so it is. 
 Any kind of irritation, which, to a healthy body, 
 would be perfectly harmless in its effect, is quite 
 sufficient, when this condition has reached a cer- 
 tain height, to produce an immediate effect. For 
 example, a fright, nervous depression, a shock 
 of some kind, want of sleep, or impaired diges- 
 tion, may occasion the before-mentioned condition 
 of the nerves, resulting in the expulsion of super- 
 fluous material. 
 
 It would, however, be a great mistake to sup- 
 pose that by eating a handful of salt the difficulty 
 would be corrected. For since the amount, as to 
 quantity of blood, can never vary in the body, 
 the blood-salts, when deficient or lacking, are 
 substituted by incorrect or used-up material, all 
 of which we shall call blood cinders. These have 
 to be removed before we can introduce the proper 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 39 
 
 amount of fresh or new salts. This idea of cor- 
 recting the blood may be illustrated somewhat, 
 by the way in which we renew a fire ; before we 
 put on fresh coal, we remove the cinders. But 
 this cannot be done all at once with the human 
 blood ; the process must be gradual. The amount 
 of new material introduced must be in due pro- 
 portion to the excreted one ; otherwise, the pur- 
 pose is not reached, or serious trouble is caused. 
 
 It is 'possible that the suddenly excessive use 
 of salt may be the immediate occasion of the 
 appearance of Small-pox , though previously 
 caused by the want of it in the first place . 
 It very often occurs, that although a person has 
 need of salt, his appetite will not crave it, the 
 blood being too much filled with other material. 
 In these cases it will generally be found that a 
 desire for acids exists, the demand for which 
 should be gratified at once ; not by vinegar, but 
 by some natural organic acid, such as lemon-juice, 
 sour apples, etc. When the demand for acid has 
 been met, and no improper food constantly in- 
 troduced, the demand for salt, if needed, will 
 manifest itself very strongly. Then, as much 
 salt as the taste demands should be daily eaten 
 with the food. 
 
 There are probably many persons who will 
 doubt, or perhaps even deny, that there is any 
 deficiency of salt in their case, or as regards 
 
4 o 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 themselves, or who cannot readily comprehend 
 that they do not live correctly. We shall there- 
 fore give some general rules of diet, from which 
 everybody will be able to understand how the 
 blood difficulty just spoken of is brought about, 
 and how avoided. 
 
 If a person takes any kind of liquid or drink 
 during the process of eating, he is liable to over- 
 load his stomach, or eat too much. If he does 
 not take any liquid while eating, the saliva, by 
 which the food is moistened during mastication, 
 will stop flowing as soon as the stomach has re- 
 ceived enough. Therefore, if a person eats a 
 beefsteak, and drinks with it sweetened coffee, 
 he makes three mistakes at once. First, he sub- 
 stitutes the coffee for the saliva which nature has 
 provided, and runs the risk of over-filling the 
 stomach ; second, he takes sugar instead of salt, 
 which is a gross mistake ; and third, by drinking 
 coffee he highly excites and irritates the nerves, 
 thereby making it difficult for the stomach to dis- 
 solve the meat properly. The rule therefore is, 
 to drink coffee alone, or for the most part with a 
 little toast ; but coffee with meat or fat is bad, but 
 sugar with meat or fat is much worse. 
 
 The habit of flavoring rice, puddings, or any 
 kind of starchy material with sugar, though very 
 general among cooks, is a bad one. All starchy 
 food should first be properly seasoned or flavored 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 4 1 
 
 with salt, and then, if required, sugar added. If 
 eggs are used with the starch or starchy food, the 
 defect of salt is still greater, and quite a serious 
 mistake. The drinking of milk in connection 
 with the eating of flesh-meat, or at the same time, 
 is bad, because the milk will immediately absorb 
 the gastric acid, curdle and enclose the meat like a 
 heavy coating, thus preventing it from dissolving ; 
 and at the same time the sugar in the milk will 
 exclude salt from the taste. 
 
 The use of any stimulant with a solid meal at 
 the same time, is very bad. If a person is hungry, 
 and takes a strong cup of coffee or tea, he thereby 
 loses, for a time, the demand for food, through the 
 action of these substances at the nerves. They 
 act somewhat as a very exciting thing does on 
 a man’s brain, by which his appetite, for the time, 
 is taken away. The use of all stimulants are 
 beneficial only as they are properly used, and 
 very hurtful if used improperly. It is, therefore, 
 a very bad mistake to drink tea, coffee, or alcohol 
 with dinner, or a similar meal. No matter how 
 often or how long a person may have done so 
 without direct injury, it is very bad . When a 
 person has come to feel the bad effect, he is 
 quite sick already. These stimulants not only 
 materially hurt our digestion, but take away our 
 natural taste, the inclinations nature gave us, the 
 instinctive knowledge of what we should eat. 
 
4 2 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 All persons who drink much tea, coffee, or the 
 like, have no instinctive taste or craving for the 
 right or needed food at all. We say none what- 
 ever, however much they may remonstrate against 
 it. The habitual use of these things is invariably 
 and absolutely accompanied by a weak constitu- 
 tion, a yellow complexion, and either very irri- 
 table or half paralyzed nerves. Hence all nations 
 not using these stimulants are, in general, vigorous 
 and strong; while the Chinese and Japanese are 
 small and weak, and the same is more or less 
 true of all Americans who use tea in excess. The 
 habitual use, as we have said, is bad ; still a good 
 cup of tea after severe mental exertion is more 
 beneficial than a hearty meal, or the best beef- 
 steak. A person whose nerves are tired can no 
 more digest his food well than a person whose 
 muscles are tired can make a satisfying meal from 
 a cup of tea. The great difference relative to the 
 demand of these two kinds of tiredness on the 
 blood, is almost entirely unknown. The use of 
 the nervous system requires a restitution of the 
 blood-salts more than of the so-called respiratory 
 food, sugar, starch, fat, etc., while muscular 
 labor requires very little use of the blood-salts, 
 but more the respiratory food. The necessary 
 food for a person, therefore, depends upon the use 
 he makes of his body. Hence, many persons, 
 while living, as they think, absolutely correctly, 
 
SMALL— POX. 
 
 43 
 
 are, in fact, doing just the opposite. Suppose, for 
 instance, a man who is doing hard brain-work 
 orders, when hungry, a beefsteak with fried po- 
 tatoes, and afterwards eats some pudding. If 
 the steak is from an animal which has been fatted 
 by stall feeding, it contains no salts, for the free 
 use of salt would 'prevent the animal from taking 
 on fat, and is therefore withheld ; fat contains no 
 salt, potatoes contain none, and fine flour, eggs, 
 etc., from which the pudding is made, while 
 containing sulphur, lime, and phosphorus, contain 
 none, while, as pudding, it contains sugar, put in 
 for flavoring instead of salt. Therefore, if he has 
 not eaten a good deal of salt with such a meal, 
 it is almost good for nothing for him . But had he 
 eaten of partridge, celery with salt and fried po- 
 tatoes, or of venison, and afterwards eaten some 
 nuts and apples, he would then have taken all 
 that his body required. Wild animals know how 
 to provide for all their blood-salts, and are there- 
 fore never so fat. But the first meal is just the 
 thing for a man who has been hard at work with 
 his muscles and not with his brain. This is as 
 good an illustration as can here be given of how 
 a person may be in need of blood-salts, although 
 eating what is believed to be the best food to be 
 had. 
 
 But with children the matter is much worse. 
 They are fed on starch, milk, white bread and 
 
44 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 butter, pastry and cake, occasionally some meat, 
 sugar and sweetmeats. Let me ask every mother 
 how often they have put salt into the milk with 
 which they have fed their babes, or into the 
 starchy food or puddings? The food here speci- 
 fied contains no salt whatever ; for domestic 
 meat does not generally contain enough, nor does 
 the milk, unless the cows run in pasture, or are fed 
 very much according to nature, which they are 
 not, because such feeding would not be productive 
 of a sufficient quantity of milk to satisfy their 
 owners. ' I maintain, that of one hundred children 
 in all our American cities , seventy-jive are more 
 or less dejicient in the amount of salt required , 
 and that this deficiency is substituted by sugar. 
 The consequence is scarlet fever, measles, 
 chicken-pox, or small-pox, according to circum- 
 stances. And further, what is the reason (if not 
 a deficiency of salts) that American children for 
 the most part are delicate, not having much en- 
 durance, with white, instead of red, cheeks, and 
 with flesh soft and flabby? The American houses 
 are the best in the world ; no country has better 
 food, or a better supply ; no children are kept 
 cleaner, none are dressed better, and more 
 suitably, none get better air, or live in cleaner 
 cities, or attend school in better ventilated school- 
 houses, and yet they are about the weakest ! If 
 any man can assign a reason, or answer the 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 45 
 
 question here involved, otherwise than we have 
 done, we should like to know it. But we will 
 just mention a better test, which all can apply. 
 Take away from your children for several meals 
 all sugar in every form, and allow them as much 
 salt as they will eat of their own accord, and see ! 
 Would a child one year old, think you, eat salt like 
 sugar if it did not necessarily require it? If a child 
 has already enough salt, and you give it even an 
 atom more, it will spit it out immediately. Or, if 
 you offer a child a few months’ old lemon, and it 
 eats it eagerly — does it show nothing? Give an 
 absolutely well child lemon-juice, and see what a 
 face it will make ! 
 
 It is hardly necessary to add, that if an adult 
 wishes to ascertain whether his blood requires 
 salt, he must, first, leave off all sugar ; second, 
 supply the organic acid, especially lemon-juice, 
 as long as the taste craves it ; and third, not to 
 spoil the natural taste by excessive use of alcohol, 
 tea, coffee, tobacco-chewing, or similar strong 
 agents, which paralyze the nerves of taste. In 
 short, we would recommend the following : when 
 undressed, press gently with the hand on the pit 
 of the stomach, under the breast-bone, and if 
 there should be any pain or a sensation of uneasi- 
 ness, either you have an inflamed stomach, or 
 more often, chronic affection of the liver, and are 
 seriously sick, however well you may feel. In 
 
4 6 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 this case, or if there is habitual constipation, an 
 educated and skilful physician should be applied 
 to at once, for the removal of the difficulty. If 
 no pain or uneasiness is experienced in the pit 
 of the stomach upon pressure, and there is no 
 habitual constipation, there is no need of a physi- 
 cian to bring the blood into an absolutely normal 
 condition; to accomplish which — i. Never eat 
 sugar at the same time with meat; 2. Salt all 
 food used before adding sugar; 3. Never drink 
 while eating; 4. Drink as much lemon-juice as 
 the taste indicates, and continue its use as long 
 as there is a desire for acids; 5. Eat the desired 
 quantity of salt at each meal ; 6. Eat otherwise 
 any kind of food which fancy or appetite craves, 
 but with variety ; that is, not confined to one kind 
 or variety of fare. I positively maintain that a 
 person who has properly balanced blood — the 
 correct amount of water, salts, and albuminous 
 matter — cannot catch or be liable to any disease, 
 having no predisposition therefor. For I main- 
 tain that if there is no superfluous albumen in a 
 person’s blood, none can escape into the skin, as 
 in Small-pox, and the nerves of such a person 
 are in a condition to endure influences that gen- 
 erally produce ” cold ” or sickness without the 
 least injury to him. Such a person feels vigorous, 
 happy, lively and strong ; but he who feels 
 otherwise has not his blood in good order. 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 47 
 
 Having thus explained, theoretically, what I 
 believe an absolute and unfailing preventive 
 against Small-pox, I can mention only limited 
 practical and experimental proofs. By observing 
 and demonstrating the above rules, I have found, 
 during a practice of fourteen years, that in all the 
 families I have attended during this time, there is 
 not a single child who has been affected by 
 scarlet fever, small-pox, or any other so-called 
 catching disease, not even the measles ; though 
 never allowed to be kept from contact with other 
 children, or to take preventive measures of any 
 kind whatever. 
 
 As regards myself — was vaccinated when a 
 small child, but never since — have exposed my- 
 self, in all European hospitals that I attended, to 
 the Small-pox patients, without using or taking 
 any preventive measures ; at one time, for six 
 months regularly. In Hayti I have been exposed 
 many times, but once especially, purposely re- 
 maining for an hour in a room with five sick and 
 dying children of Small-pox, who had been 
 treated according to the Haytien manner ; namely, 
 the pustules cut open, and then rubbed with rum. 
 Two of them died while I was present, and the 
 other three within twelve hours, all of internal 
 gangrene. This exposure was productive of no 
 effect whatever upon my own person, though the 
 stench was of such a character as to affect any 
 
4 8 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 person if it were possible. Nor have I ever, nor 
 would I ever take any measures of disinfection 
 in seeing Small-pox patients, without the least 
 fear of infection, so long as the blood is in good 
 condition. 
 
 These facts here mentioned, although not con- 
 clusive proofs, are nevertheless so for me. Since 
 the views here laid down can do no harm, and 
 cost nothing, they should be tested by others. 
 The importance of salt in the human economy 
 is known by all physicians, and should be by 
 everybody ; and were some attention paid to this 
 subject, it could be easily ascertained whether 
 Small-pox appears where salt has been properly 
 used or not ; for myself, I can only give the ex- 
 perience, and state the facts as they have been 
 derived from study and research. 
 
 Resume . — Let it be distinctly understood that 
 what I intend to say is, that vaccination has not 
 proved to be an absolutely reliable preventive 
 against Small-pox; and, therefore, that better 
 means for protection are needed. 
 
 That it is absolutely necessary, first, to know 
 the nature of a disease before any attempt can be 
 made to prevent it. 
 
 That I have discovered the following facts, and 
 maintain, that Small-pox consists in the escape 
 
SMALL-POX. 
 
 49 
 
 of superfluous albuminous substances into the 
 tissues of the periphery of the nervous centres of 
 the body, caused, in the first place, by the want 
 of salt. 
 
 That the proper use of salt is the scientific and 
 most certain preventive of Small-pox, both in 
 theory and practice, that I have any knowledge 
 of. 
 
 That the use of organic acids is the best means 
 of freeing the blood from abnormal substances, 
 which, for the time being, may substitute the 
 place of salt in the body. 
 
 That alcohol is an agent which eliminates the 
 blood-salts, and, therefore, after its use, the salt 
 thus eliminated must be restored. 
 
 That sugar can take the place of salt in regard 
 to taste, much to the injury of the blood of the 
 person substituting it. 
 
 That in mental labor more salt is brought into 
 requisition, and used up, than in muscular or 
 physical labor ; and, therefore, that more must 
 be used or taken into the body in the former case 
 than in the latter. 
 
 That a person who has a properly balanced 
 blood cannot catch, or take, Small-pox under any 
 circumstances of exposure. 
 
 This theory, if correct, must hold good in all 
 cases, without a single exception ; and if nothing 
 can be found to disprove its correctness, it holds 
 
50 
 
 SMALL-POX. 
 
 good that the proper use of salt, in the human 
 economy, will eradicate Small-pox at once and 
 forever. 
 
 Therefore the use and office of salt should be 
 more generally known and taught in all our 
 public schools. 
 
APPENDIX, 
 
 INCLUDING VACCINATION, ETC. 
 
 S OME months have elapsed since the publica- 
 tion of the first edition of this treatise, and 
 nothing as yet has appeared to disprove its cor- 
 rectness. Several hundred journals, professional 
 and others, have recommended it to their readers, 
 while some of the most prominent papers in the 
 country have considered it worthy of lengthened 
 and earnest consideration. Others, again, have 
 rudely denied its correctness, or contemptuously 
 stigmatized it as " a little pamphlet full of er- 
 rors,” without, however, being able either to 
 point out the errors, or to show wherein it is in- 
 correct. But this is a radical defect of several 
 so-called medical journals, the editors of which, 
 it would seem, have yet to learn that rude rejec- 
 tion and unqualified denunciation is not criticism, 
 but a proof, rather, of annoyance, vexation, and 
 conscious incompetency to refute or to criticise 
 the positions in question. A good illustration of 
 the characteristic validity of judgment which is 
 usually rendered in medical matters, will be 
 given further on, in an examination of the St. 
 Louis Medical Society and their journal, and 
 the American Journal of Medical Sciences of 
 Philadelphia — journals which are considered 
 
 ( 50 , 
 
52 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 among the very best conducted in the country — - 
 in the case of Dr. Spinzig, of St. Louis. 
 
 Relative to artificial substitutes for salt, the fol- ’ 
 lowing, in addition, will prove interesting. A 
 seaman, a commander of a vessel, represented 
 himself as having had Small-pox on the high seas, 
 after being out three months, and living en- 
 tirely upon salted provisions. His face was 
 strongly pitted, and his appearance that of a very 
 intelligent person. He related the following: 
 Left the coast of Europe with twenty-two sailors 
 and one passenger ; fare consisted of pickled 
 meats, starch, flour and potatoes. After three 
 months out, two of the sailors were taken sick 
 with Small-pox. They supposed that the pas- 
 senger must have brought it on board in his bag- 
 gage, he himself not being affected. They 
 were five months out altogether. Upon the 
 inquiry whether they had scurvy on board, he 
 said no, that the meat had been pickled with salt- 
 petre, and not with salt, and that scurvy only 
 appeared after using salted meats, but not from 
 saltpetre. He also remarked that the meat was 
 so strongly impregnated with saltpetre that it 
 tasted bitter after twenty-four hours’ soaking in 
 water, and that consequently he ate a good deal 
 of starch and flour to counteract the bitter taste. 
 No salt was eaten at all. Hence the facts are 
 readily explained. Saltpetre is a nitrogenous 
 combination, and consequently allied to albumen 
 instead of its opposite, as salt, which is a direct 
 chlorine combination with sodium. Saltpetre is, 
 therefore, a substitute for salt, which is worse than 
 sugar. The Small-pox was not carried on board, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 S3 
 
 as was supposed by the sailors, but originated 
 as a natural consequence from superabundance 
 of nitrogenous or albuminous composition in the 
 blood. The reason that sailors frequently get 
 Small-pox almost as soon as they leave the ship, 
 may be found in the fact that their blood is 
 already too full of albuminous matter ; or, that 
 as a consequence of having too much salt (from 
 long use of salt food) , their blood is too thin, 
 or deficient in albumen, when, as soon as on 
 land, they eat freely of rich and fresh material, 
 drink all the alcohol they can get, never touch 
 salt from aversion, and thus fill their blood with 
 albumen, and free it entirely from common, or 
 table salt, the natural consequence of which is 
 Small-pox, or a similar disorder. The above- 
 mentioned seaman also stated that he never 
 knew or heard of Small-pox and scurvy being 
 found together on board ship ; that his own sis- 
 ter had malignant Small-pox twice, which he 
 thought was sufficient proof of the inefficacy of 
 vaccination, since Small-pox itself is not a pre- 
 ventive. 
 
 In reference to the security afforded against 
 Small-pox by vaccination and by Small-pox 
 itself, the experience collected by the late Sir 
 James Y. Simpson (Obstetric Memoirs and 
 Contributions, edited by Drs. Priestley and 
 Storer), is both interesting and important. Al- 
 though a strong advocate for vaccination, he 
 mentions various cases in which Small-pox and 
 vaccine disease affected the same individual at 
 the same time, independent of one another ; and 
 other cases where Small-pox appeared directly 
 
54 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 after successful vaccination ; and also the case 
 of a Frenchwoman who died from the eighth 
 attack of real Small-pox. 
 
 In consideration of the general interest man- 
 ifested relative to the certainty of the present 
 preventive measures in use, I shall give my opin- 
 ion of vaccination with due reference to sci- 
 entific researches and progress, without any re- 
 gard to the opinions held by the greater part of 
 medical practitioners. 
 
 To exhaust this subject, I shall endeavor to 
 show — 
 
 First , That its origin was not of a scientific 
 character, and that it has never had at any time 
 a scientific basis. 
 
 Second , That the prevention afforded by vac- 
 cination is due to the lessened or diminished 
 amount of albumen in the blood occasioned by 
 the ulcer produced. 
 
 Third , That the vaccine virus generally em- 
 ployed is nothing but pus, and that the intro- 
 duction of pus into the blood is a criminal offence 
 under any circumstances. 
 
 Fourth , That nothing specific , either as pre- 
 ventive or as diseased, is contained in any 
 kind of vaccine virus, no matter how or where 
 produced. 
 
 The idea or notion of inoculation was intro- 
 duced by Lady Montague, from the East. Upon 
 returning to England, she had her own daughter 
 inoculated with Small-pox virus, which experiment 
 came very near proving fatal. This, and other 
 experiments of the kind, while they called at- 
 tention to the subject, prevented the practice 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 55 
 
 from becoming universal. Jenner was a pupil 
 of the English surgeon, John Hunter, where he 
 learned surgery, and afterwards went into the 
 country to practise as a surgeon. His education 
 must have been limited, as he never attended any 
 university whatever, and there is no other idea 
 known as coming from him aside from the one 
 which he conceived upon the suggestion of a 
 dairy maid, of substituting cow-pox virus for 
 human Small-pox virus. Lady Montague’s un- 
 successful attempt to introduce inoculation had 
 already aroused attention to the subject of a pre- 
 ventive against Small-pox, a disorder which, 
 while it was the fear of all, none could either 
 comprehend or prevent. Hence, from the very 
 fear and feeling of helplessness then agitating 
 the public mind, and in the absence of any other 
 advice or preventive, Jenner’s proposition, of a 
 much less dangerous procedure than that of in- 
 oculation, was regarded with favor, and the sub- 
 ject made generally known, until ultimately it 
 was everywhere received with immense ap- 
 plause 
 
 Very able medical men have at all times op- 
 posed vaccination ; but since they had nothing 
 better to substitute for it, and could neither ex- 
 plain the nature of Small-pox or of vaccina- 
 tion, they invariably failed to make an impression ; 
 while, under the circumstances, their opposition 
 made the use of vaccination appear more and 
 more plausible, until it has gained an almost un- 
 doubted reputation, by both the medical and non- 
 medical world. The greatest error of those who 
 have opposed vaccination has been, that while 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 5 6 
 
 they had nothing better to offer, they have de- 
 prived it of all preventive power, which is a 
 mistake, as will be shown further on. 
 
 In the whole literature of science, and in the 
 experiments and improvements made in scientific 
 knowledge, there does not exist one single fact 
 which could support the idea of inoculation or 
 of vaccination ; the only basis, therefore, upon 
 which the practice rests, is that of statistics. 
 But statistics, as every thinking man knows, are 
 very unreliable ; for example, it can be shown 
 by statistics that more people are sick now than 
 one hundred years ago, and a logical conclusion 
 would be, that physicians are more ignorant now 
 than they were one hundred years ago ; but such 
 conclusion would, nevertheless, be a very incor- 
 rect one. Accurately-made statistics show that 
 the number of those vaccinated exceeds that of 
 the unvaccinated in various Small-pox hos- 
 pitals. The recent appearance of Small-pox 
 generally throughout Europe, and in various 
 places in this country, gives little or no support 
 to vaccination when statistics are made without 
 prejudice, and not for the purpose of sustaining 
 this practice. 
 
 For those who are very interested in statistics, 
 we propose the following : during the whole 
 period in which vaccination has been employed, 
 it has only occurred now to the medical profes- 
 sion generally that human vaccine virus is dan- 
 gerous and harmful, and that animal virus must 
 be again substituted. Now how many millions 
 of human beings did it require to be injured to 
 bring about this change of tactics? After ascer- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 57 
 
 taining this, how many more millions must be 
 more or less injured for life, before a medical 
 majority come to see the necessity of giving up 
 vaccination altogether as a failure? Is there a 
 better testimony or evidence of the fallacy of the 
 whole thing, than that the experience teaches 
 that a procedure of the past century is to be re- 
 taken as a defence ? and is it not a beautiful proof 
 that medical men have not as yet learned any- 
 thing by experience, except the fact that prac- 
 titioners have injured the human body more than 
 benefited it? Must whole generations be ex- 
 posed to an injurious and dangerous practice, 
 simply to serve the practitioners as a means to find 
 out their great ignorance and lack of common 
 sense? 
 
 If we next consider the condition of science a 
 hundred, or even fifty, years ago, as compared 
 with the present, we arrive at the plain fact that 
 the knowledge then existing amounted to about 
 nothing. Then there was no true knowledge 
 relative to fire, air, or water, and no knowledge 
 whatever of the nature of the blood and its con- 
 stituents ; of its disorders, of a blood-cell, or of a 
 capillary vessel and its actions, or of nervous 
 action ; of anatomy, nearly nothing was dreamed 
 of ; of pathological processes in the body, nothing 
 existed which was positive or defined, either by 
 anatomy, physiology, or chemistry. Therefore 
 it is both absurd and ridiculous for any one to 
 put forth the opinion and belief of the men of by- 
 gone times as an authority. 
 
 It has been known for ages that inoculation 
 with pus, or morbid organic matter, was very 
 
58 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 dangerous, producing malignant ulcers ; and 
 from this fact, and the experience that vaccination, 
 here and there, was followed by swelling of the 
 axillary glands, ulceration, and serious con- 
 sequences, the opposition against vaccination 
 arose ; but it could not be explained with exact- 
 ness until Virchow discovered the process of 
 capillary embolism . This consists in the exper- 
 imental truth, that any substance of a solid 
 character, be it a metallic particle, or a clot of 
 fibrin, or a dead or diseased cell, will be caught 
 in the finer capillary vessels and obstruct them. 
 It was also ascertained by experimental investi- 
 gation that the injection of morbid liquids dis- 
 turbs the blood very much, not causing direct 
 embolism, but, rather, ulcerous discharges upon 
 the mucous membrane of the intestines. These 
 two facts have been confirmed by all experiment- 
 ers, and cannot be reasonably objected to by any 
 living person. The subject, however, has 
 gained more ground since the experiments of 
 Villemin, and especially those of Waldenburg. 
 They did not inject into the veins, but simply in- 
 oculated animals with pus, sputa, and a great 
 variety of things, such as cotton- wool, or disin- 
 fected substances, all of which caused the death 
 of the smaller animals, and the severe illness of 
 larger ones, which, if they recovered at all, 
 were injured beyond repair. These experiments 
 have been repeated almost everywhere, and 
 found to be unfailing in their results, and there- 
 fore cannot be objected to. Hence it has been 
 established by experimental proof, as a scientific 
 law , that the introduction of substances under 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 59 
 
 the shin, which create or cause an ulcerous dis- 
 organization, are harmful and dangerous under 
 all circumstances . 
 
 Artificial ulcers have been employed as a 
 means to rectify the blood, in all ages, as far as 
 history extends, and by the Chinese long before 
 distinct historical notes were within the reach of 
 our race. This was done with the view of re- 
 moving so-called " humors ” from the blood. 
 What these humors were nobody ever knew, or 
 could know ; but to-day we know with certainty 
 that they are nothing but blood cinders, or super- 
 fluous remains left by nutrition, which are not 
 properly expelled. Every physician knows that 
 an ulcer consumes a great deal of albumen, since 
 a continual cell formation is going on, a process 
 which can only be kept up at the expense of the 
 albumen furnished. The 'preventive power of 
 vaccination lies in this waste of albumen, and 
 in nothing else . Consequently the protection 
 afforded by vaccination against Small-pox is in 
 an exact ratio to the amount of this waste, or 
 diminished albumen ; and the reason why vac- 
 cination is not unfailing in its effects as a pre- 
 ventive, is at once obvious. If an ulcer is kept 
 open long enough to remove all superfluous al- 
 bumen, and the blood properly balanced, such 
 person would be absolutely secure against Small- 
 pox. It would, however, be a mistake to sup- 
 pose that an ulcer would invariably rectify the 
 blood. This can only be expected when proper 
 nutrition and excretion are going on ; then such 
 ulcer would act as an extra safety-valve ; but if 
 there be a continued introduction of improper 
 
6o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 material, and if any of the larger secretive 
 glands refuse service, then such ulcer would af- 
 ford little or no aid whatever. In the waste of 
 albumen connected with the natural process of 
 an ulcer, we have an explanation of the fact that 
 all patients suffering from chronic ulceration are 
 free from certain blood disorders, such as typhus 
 and Small-pox. A consumptive person is never 
 attacked by typhus or Small-pox, as every ex- 
 perienced physician knows. The same will be 
 found true in reference to almost all chronic ul- 
 cerations, whether internal or external. Hence 
 it appears that there is nothing in the process of 
 vaccination as a specific preventive, beyond that 
 which appertains to any ulcer — as any ulcer 
 would have the same effect . 
 
 In support of this, I shall show that nothing 
 whatever can be found of a specific character 
 either in Small-pox or vaccine matter, in cholera 
 or any other stools ; and that in no way does 
 there exist in any spores, germs or contagions 
 of a specific character as disease. In December, 
 1869, I published, in the Journal of the Gynaeco- 
 logical Society of Boston, a paper directly touching 
 vaccination and Small-pox, and also in the 
 February number of Good Health for 1870; 
 but the views there expressed were so absolutely 
 novel and at variance with the opinions held on 
 the subject by the medical profession here, that 
 they produced general disapprobation. Dr. 
 Martin, of Roxbury, a gentleman who has given 
 a great deal of attention to vaccination and 
 vaccine virus, in disproof of my statement that 
 vaccine virus was nothing but pus, gave me for 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 6l 
 
 examination two specimens of his best vaccine 
 virus, one from a heifer, the other from a child. 
 I examined both specimens under the microscope, 
 with an upward magnitude from two hundred 
 and fifty to one thousand diameters. The spec- 
 imen from the heifer was free of any cells or 
 coagulum, and is the only specimen of vaccine 
 virus which I ever examined that I could pro- 
 nounce safe for vaccination, if such a procedure 
 is indulged in at all. The other specimen, from 
 the child, contained several red blood-globules 
 which had not yet transformed into pus-cells, or 
 perished. The peculiar molecules observed in 
 the specimen from the heifer, under the micros- 
 cope with the power of one thousand diameters, 
 are not specific vaccine germs, but such as are 
 found in any albumen. This hunting for spe- 
 cific germs, so prominently indulged in in Eng- 
 land at present, arises, and is nurtured, from 
 lack of thought and comparison in observation. 
 Instead of first comparing normal albumen with 
 that from an ulcer, the conclusion is jumped at 
 that these small particles observed in the latter 
 must be specific germs, but any one can satisfy 
 himself that they are always present in albumen. 
 In support of the correctness of the views I have 
 here and elsewhere presented, I shall quote from 
 a lecture by Dr. Hilgard (a gentleman who now 
 has the direction of a United States Meteorological 
 station), read before the Academy of Sciences 
 in New Orleans, and received through the kind- 
 ness of Dr. Spinzig, of St. Louis : 
 
 "The tissue of fungi is a medullary, almost 
 fleshy ' sarcode.’ The diastase , or active yeast- 
 
62 
 
 APPENDIX® 
 
 molecules, according to Liebig’s latest analysis, 
 are of the same composition, as far as percentage 
 of atomic ingredients goes, as the muscular 
 fibre. They are flesh (or sarcode , which means 
 about the same). The original mode of growth, 
 or evolution of the yeast-globules, remained, as 
 yet, unknown, I have repeatedly taken occasion 
 to point out the fallacies of all observers, caused 
 by not observing connectedly. The seminal (or 
 vibrionic) tissue is omnipresent in all cells of 
 plants or animals. A small particle of fungous 
 dust, a fragment of a fungous fibril, especially 
 of the common lacteal, bread and apple mould 
 (which likewise is the ferment of all putrid cor- 
 ruption), will bodily dissolve into a gelatine of 
 blackish color, when alighted in or on ferment- 
 able material. No fungus has a cellulose or 
 'papery fibre, coat, or cell. Searching for ' cel- 
 lulose ’ in a mass of yeast-cells, argues a thor- 
 ough misunderstanding. The adult fermenting 
 fungus, moulding and corrupting our bread and 
 flesh, consists of cells, but not of ' cellulose,’ and 
 so does the fermentive 'yeast-cell,’ likewise. It 
 is a grave and fatal mistake to ascribe fermen- 
 tation of starch into sugar, and of sugar into 
 either alcohol or lactic acid, etc., to the ( coated ) 
 yeast -cells. Whenever sugar, etc., has to be 
 
 converted, the yeast-cell at once dissolves its 
 coat into a nutritious gelatine, prolapsing its 
 vibrionic (commutative or truly fermentive ) 
 molecules, as will appear on making the check 
 or test experiment. All assertions of peculiar 
 features claimed, require to be brought to this 
 ' crucial ’ test before they can claim deservingly 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 63 
 
 any publicity whatsoever. The fundamental 
 rule, to first establish the normal feature before 
 a 'distinctive’ character can be allowed, is con- 
 stantly neglected. It was solely on this basis of 
 an absolute and quite an unpardonable sin of 
 omission, viz., neglect of the normal or of the 
 check experiment , that, of late, half a hundred 
 of pretended ' specific ’ fungi have been claimed 
 as ' parasites , producing so many specific dis- 
 eases.’ Let it at once be stated as a historic 
 fact, that the normal process of fungous decay 
 (or corruption) of stools and offals, as of flesh 
 and blood, had hitherto never been studied . 
 In adopting, publishing, and, still worse, en- 
 forcing by legal enactments the recognition of 
 certain supposed characteristic or 'specific’ 
 fungi, no one ever asked or dared inquire what 
 is the inevitable normal corruption of the flesh . 
 This condemns the whole system at once ; and 
 even the late dementi given to such foregone as- 
 sumptions, for example, about a so-called 'chol- 
 era. fungus,’ which is normally evolved upon all 
 healthy discharges no less than on diseased or 
 morbid ones, actually came ' too late.’ That 
 check ought to have been required before send- 
 ing a committee to hunt for it to the jungles of 
 India, who found no distinctive fungus at all. 
 But that that fungus is only the common fermen- 
 tive yeast or ?nould of our larder , no one could 
 say, but who had examined it in its continuous 
 development, by growing it reversely and con- 
 versely under the microscope. 
 
 " Liebig denied the yeast to be present in pu- 
 trid cadaverous corruption, because his micro- 
 
6 4 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 scopist saw no cells , and he himself saw no 
 cellulose membranes, which, by the way, the 
 yeast itself never yet possessed. The well- 
 known extracellular as well as intracellular vi- 
 brionic particles, or diastase, Pasteur’s school 
 claimed for animals — ' snakes, snapping up vi- 
 brios.’ What species of serpents those were, truly 
 'more subtle than any animal made’ (adult an- 
 imal), is left in the dark. The vibratile tail, or 
 scourge of all primitive life molecules, might at 
 once be claimed as the very 'finest of all ser- 
 pents ’ yet ; finer than any true animal what- 
 ever. As it is, it forms an active instrument of 
 flagellation upon convertible, digestible, or fer- 
 mentible liquids. A single vibrio will sometimes 
 directly enlarge and assume a cell coat as an 
 individual yeast-cell ; but in most cases, during 
 the process of actual cadaverous corruption, no 
 less than during the true fermentic process of 
 converting sugar, etc., into alcohol or lactic acid 
 (accompanied by the evolution of carbonic acid), 
 no cell whatever need be formed . I have re- 
 peatedly fermented grape-juice and simple corn- 
 meal with water, not allowing, however, of any 
 drying up at the borders of the vials. In all 
 these cases the lactic as well as alcoholic, and 
 the fearfully miasmatic, putrid fermentation, as 
 of flesh or moss spawns (which is likewise a 
 gangre7ious one), no less than the offensive bu- 
 tyric or fusel corruption (as of mashes, swill, 
 distilleries, levees and the cane refuse), all were 
 enacted without the presence or formation of the 
 ultimate cells of the yeast, that only hoard up the 
 fungous material on hand, and redissolve in fer- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 65 
 
 mentible liquids. The process of the vibrionic 
 concatenation (or inosculation in single file , of 
 the primitive fermentic molecules) has been partly 
 observed by Pasteur as well as Haller. Ehren- 
 berg described this (corruptive) yeast-molecule 
 not inaptly, as ' monas crepusculum ’ — a hazy, 
 nebulous monad, a carniverous ( !) animal, in- 
 habiting, as he gives it, chiefly ' St. Petersburg, 
 Berlin, and other European Capitals. 5 The 
 naked vibrios which lengthwise joined in single 
 file, a process unknown to him, he describes as 
 'ophidomonas 5 (or snake monad), as it is found 
 violently revolving, like an Archimedean screw. 
 These are Pasteur’s serpents ; snapping up vi- 
 brios. They inosculate by pairs, after mych spin- 
 ning or churning , so to speak, and then join 
 other longer or shorter files, or parts of weltering 
 coils, adding to their length. To call these 
 semi-liquid, naked, sarcode bead-strings ' sac- 
 charomyces 5 after so many names had been 
 given, appears a$ a mere redundancy of diction, 
 if not as a want of deference due to eminent pri- 
 orities ; particularly if once more a new specific 
 name is given, as a so-called species and genus, 
 that, however, had never yet been traced, and 
 thus far required to be demonstrated . As a few 
 vibrious or primitive flagellate molecules become 
 united, the vibratory halo which surrounds each 
 one singly, at once disappears except at the ends, 
 which are actively twirling round the little frus- 
 tule curve or coil, and are seen delving against 
 any slimy material they may meet in their way. 
 It is thus that they become entangled, involved 
 or enveloped in any gelatine, or in spoiled meat 
 
 5 
 
66 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 (hung down through a bung-hole), and in which 
 they stick fast, and are easily got rid of by ex- 
 tracting them with the meat. 
 
 "After a little while, when apt to encyst, they 
 ' become still,’ for example, adhering to the glass 
 slips; between which they were bred, by way of 
 experiment. . They then are seen to become a 
 little dilated, or as it were drofsical , exude a 
 delicate cell membrane, and now represent a little 
 fibre. In fermentible liquids, the worm-like, 
 dropsical fibrils rapidly segment and ramify into 
 beads, thus constituting the yeast-cells. The 
 latter again multiply, and elongate into moulds, 
 fibrils and floritions. In stagnating or impure 
 flowing water, these slim fibres, of about one- 
 forty thousandth of a line in thickness, collect 
 into the prancing, fluctuating, dirty tassels ob- 
 served in the street gutters of cities, etc., and al- 
 though themselves inodorous, they exhale the 
 rank gangrenous, or the infectious butyric mias- 
 mas, which at once seem to affect the fermentible 
 contents of the blood and liver more especially. 
 With respect to the latter action upon our system 
 (easily realized by breeding those effluvia in a 
 little corked bottle), we need nowise assume a 
 specific parasite ; but merely an altered action 
 of our own 'specific ’ organization ! As for the pro- 
 pagative action of certain effluvia, we have a 
 similar function in the action of fire kindling or- 
 ganic substances. In organic bodies, an action 
 once started will oftentimes be apt to run like a 
 wild-fire, until it ceases to find nourishment. But 
 there are other ' kindling ’ substances than fire ; 
 for example, heat and oxygen alone. Nitro- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 67 
 
 glycerine, an organic compound, will explode at 
 the touch of resinous substances. The commu- 
 nication of the action is all that is required. 
 Our whole system itself being a 'reproductive’ as 
 well as self-decomposing or ' excretory ’ one, its 
 'reproductive action’ might be directed per- 
 versely, or the substances hoarded up be fired 
 by a 'specific fire.’ Fire, indeed, has been the 
 symbol of all contagion. ' Kindling’ conveys, at 
 the present day, the idea for contagion in the 
 German language. Inorganic bodies are ulti- 
 mately, in their last particles, ' uniform,’ or dense , 
 so to speak. Their uniform reaction upon phy- 
 sical agents constitutes the 'chemical property.’ 
 Uniform reaction, uniform being, is called dy - 
 namostatic condition, properly so as compared 
 with the aeriform or 'pneumostatic’ reaction of 
 matter; the liquid, or 'hydrostatic,’ and the static 
 action of inertia as in solids, to persist in the 
 sense of the force communicated in a straight 
 line. 'Static persistence’ is the character of 
 inert matter, persisting as such into ' unlimited 
 time and space (stat terra in eternum). Inor- 
 ganic matter will only burn if sufficient heat, or 
 other work done or bestowed, for example, by 
 pulverizing or refining it into separate particles, 
 be suferadded. Thus sulphur, for example, will 
 not kindle except by adding more heat, or so 
 much of pulverization, as in the manufacture of 
 sulphuric acid the sulphur is burned by setting a 
 pulverized portion on fire. Sulphur will burn 
 copper in a ruby red flame, when rasped down 
 and heated ; but neither they, nor phosphorus 
 either, will, in a low temperature, kindle . This 
 
68 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ' kindling/ or spontaneous continuous process of 
 oxydation of carbon, in burning, is exclusively 
 the property of organic matter; and it is, more- 
 over, the fundamental common feature of all 
 plants as well as animals, to render up carbonic 
 acid gas ; the gas of the champagne, not that of 
 burning charcoal, as Prof. Huxley lately stated, 
 (by some lapsus lingua , probably). The gas 
 evolved by burning charcoal is the tasteless and 
 inodorous carbonic oxyde gas ; not only unsuit- 
 able for respiration, but directly poisonous. The 
 specific heat of all animal bodies is due, as is 
 well known, to their process of respiration, 
 whether by lungs-, gills, or insects’ trachae. All 
 absorb oxygen, and render up carbonic acid gas 
 by a peculiar process of a low combustion, due 
 to the slow, propagative firing of carbon stored 
 in their tissues. It is hence predicable, in the 
 strictest literal sense of the word, that their breath 
 slowly ignites, or ' kindles charcoal.’ 
 
 " The carbon, or charcoal, of all animal and 
 vegetable matter, is originally derived from the 
 free carbonic acid gas of the atmosphere. It is 
 derived from this storehouse of carbon by the 
 inexplicable assimilative, that is, transmutative, 
 life-action of vegetable organization. It is thence 
 absorbed into the animal organization. In no 
 case is it directly assimilated from the only 'pure , 
 primitive carbon, viz . .* the adamant (literally 9 
 ' indomitable ’), or diamond particles, found as 
 an ingredient in the igneous, eruptive, primitive 
 rocks of our planet, and fired, that is, converted 
 into carbonic acid gas, by a heat only equalled 
 by that obtained by focalized sunlight. After it 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 69 
 
 had once 'become cool/ the carbon or diamond 
 was rendered digestible by having undergone a 
 process of assimilation into carbonic materials, 
 by vegetable life agency, out of the carbonic acid 
 of our atmosphere. 
 
 "A summary of these observations is now for 
 the first time in process of publication in the 
 forthcoming Proceedings of the Am. Ass’n Adv. 
 Science, for 1871. As for the yeast (or fermentic 
 as well as normal corruptive, zymotic, and cad- 
 averous fungus, incident to all human diet and the 
 human system in general), a summary of its now 
 well-known phases and processes is to be found in 
 the Proceedings of the Am. Ass’n. Adv. Science, 
 for 1870 (Zymotic Fungus) ; and the discovered 
 developmental nature of the bulk of the animal 
 infusoria, as the circuits of generation of the 
 planarian, turbellarian, and crustacean, micro- 
 scopic animals, can be consulted in the American 
 Journal of Arts and Sciences, July and August, 
 1871. 
 
 There are no such classes as Protofhyta and\ 
 Protozoa . All are mere undeveloped, by all 
 means mere vitelline or seminal, self-multiplying 
 and desultory forms of cell-genesis . There is 
 no such ' class ’ as the famous and fabulous 
 'Flagellate Infusoria.’ The flagellate molecule 
 is a common property of all cell-life whatever, 
 and the claim of such a class only denotes a 
 profound unacquaintance with life phenomena 
 generally.” 
 
 Nothing can be clearer, or more definite and 
 positive, than these statements of Dr. Hilgard, 
 based upon experiments, by which it is most con- 
 
7o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 clusively shown that such things as spores or 
 germs of diseases, etc., are purely imaginary; 
 one after another talking it, while no one had 
 thoroughly investigated the subject. 
 
 To an independent thinker, who can make his 
 observations without being influenced by precon- 
 ceived views, prejudice, or the dreams of fancy, 
 the germ or spore theory of disease is unwarrant- 
 able, and without the shadow of a foundation ; 
 it may be very good for speculative or spiritual- 
 istic fancies, but if earnestly pressed, gives 
 proof either of utter ignorance of facts and ab- 
 sence of scholarship, or of wilful humbug and 
 quackery. When the old pathology was literal- 
 ly deprived of its "noxa” of olden time, it took 
 refuge in germs and spores, which, upon ex- 
 amination, prove as innocent or as disastrous as 
 blades of grass. It is, however, well known, 
 that self-conceit and a lame pathology absolutely 
 require a walking-cane of some kind to keep 
 them from falling ; but by scientific progress 
 this cane becomes so ethereal and fanciful, that 
 the shadow of a ghost is a material object in 
 comparison to it — the specific " noxa ” of dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Vaccination would be rendered a pretty safe 
 procedure by using only such vaccine virus as the 
 heifer specimen of Dr. Martin, previously de- 
 scribed, but the vaccine virus generally employed 
 is nothing but pus, as any one can see who has a 
 microscope of the power of three hundred diame- 
 ters. The vaccine matter upon which I have 
 made my statements was obtained from the city 
 physician, and at various times during twelve 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 7 * 
 
 years ; and in every instance, upon examination, 
 proved to be nothing but pus, the introduction of 
 which into or under the skin of a child is an 
 unpardonable crime, unless it be excused on the 
 ground of utter ignorance of scientific knowledge 
 and facts. 
 
 That vaccination is made compulsory in good 
 faith, by legislation, there is little doubt; but if 
 science were consulted in the matter, such a law 
 would be shown to be barbarous, dangerous, 
 and abominable. If the State demands vaccina- 
 tion, it should, first, give the subject a proper in- 
 vestigation ; second, give protection against mur- 
 derous assault from blood-poison, by procuring 
 pure virus, which can stand microscopic examina- 
 tion ; and third, see that no laws are enforced 
 which are based on an experience which is very 
 doubtful, or on an authority of no weight of any 
 kind, directly contradictory to all scientific in- 
 vestigation and facts, and under present conditions 
 exceedingly dangerous and harmful. 
 
 The practice sometimes indulged in, of forcibly 
 taking persons from their family to Small-pox 
 hospitals, at once reminds us of the olden times 
 of barbarism. I readily admit that in a good 
 many cases the removal of a Small-pox patient 
 to a hospital is a very good thing, especially if 
 such hospital is under the supervision of a phy- 
 sician who knows what Smallpox is , and if such 
 patients have neither a family nor a home of their 
 own. But to take a patient from his own private 
 house, from his own family, and against his and 
 their will, is an act of great injustice, and con- 
 trary to every true principle of law, as well as of 
 
72 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 scientific practice. It is impossible (justly) to 
 deprive a man of the liberty of dying in his own 
 house and among his own friends, even if we 
 admit the contagiousness of diseases. But this 
 latter, however, has never been scientifically 
 'proved , although generally believed and appar- 
 ently probable. I am a strong advocate for a 
 Board of Health, and for general, and, if neces- 
 sary, forcible enactments of sanitary measures, 
 but such Board of Health must keep within the 
 lines of strict science and of reason. No Board 
 of Health, or any other Body, as yet exists, which, 
 from a medical or juridical point, can either 
 scientifically or reasonably show the propriety 
 of forcing a man from his home, family, and 
 friends, to die among strangers. All such meas- 
 ures have their origin in fear, and want of pre- 
 cise knowledge ; the majority, of course, can 
 enforce acts which they believe to be for their 
 benefit, but the majority cannot make wrong 
 right. With our civilization, moral suasion is 
 the only allowable measure of force to be em- 
 ployed in the removal of patients from their 
 homes. No human being can, with any sense 
 of justice, be made the subject of cruel inhumanity 
 from absolutely barbarous practice, because phy- 
 sicians, for want of knowledge, have not been 
 able to prevent Small-pox, or because vaccina- 
 tion has not proved an absolute preventive. It is 
 the duty of a Board of Health to investigate and 
 learn all about Small-pox, and to inform the peo- 
 ple how to prevent it, to provide for ample hospi- 
 tals and for scientific treatment, but not for the 
 introduction of barbarism. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 73 
 
 It is a very common error to suppose that ob- 
 jections to vaccination are only made from a 
 desire or love of opposition, or simply to create 
 an excitement. Whoever does this, only harms 
 himself; for nothing can be worse, so far as the 
 individual is concerned, than to denounce what 
 everybody believes. Science and scientific in- 
 vestigation have never, and can never be made 
 from any selfish or base reason. It is simply 
 from a thirst for truth alone that humanity pro- 
 gresses, and science is cultivated. Neither the 
 Emperor of Germany, the Rothschilds, nor any 
 other like person of wealth and power, ever ad- 
 vanced progressive ideas, because nothing pays 
 less ; it costs both time and money, and pays 
 nothing in return, save ‘being rewarded with 
 hatred and slander. Personally I have no inter- 
 est whatever either in Small-pox or vaccination, 
 and am perfectly indifferent as to whether vac- 
 cination is practised or not. If the community 
 are satisfied, I am equally so ; I make my state- 
 ments on the subject because I must ; for such is 
 my absolute conviction, and result of positive 
 studies. Since my opinions here given are based 
 upon original observations, clearly stated and 
 well supported by facts, I shall most willingly 
 refute them as soon as anybody is able to dis- 
 prove any of the facts given, or afford better 
 proof than I have been able to give. Any other 
 attack than this is not only slanderous and 
 quackish, but also much below the line of my 
 notice. 
 
 But I can propose a more serious test of the 
 great danger connected with vaccination when 
 
74 
 
 APPENDIX- 
 
 the ordinary virus is employed — -an " argumen- 
 tum at hominem” It is fair to demand that 
 physicians and legislators who have made, or 
 who now make, compulsory vaccination legal, 
 and uphold it, should be willing to subject them- 
 selves to a personal test trial, by allowing the 
 common vaccine virus to be injected into their 
 blood-veins. If the vaccine virus is safe, and is 
 employed (as is claimed by the advocates of 
 vaccination) as a preventive or remedial agent 
 in the blood, to destroy malignant blood parts, 
 such injection should prove beneficial; but I 
 am very certain that at least no physician would 
 ever consent to have this tested on his person, 
 since most serious and very dangerous conse- 
 quences will immediately follow this kind of 
 vaccination. The human frame is so con- 
 structed, that by ordinary vaccination it is gen- 
 erally able to prevent the poison from entering 
 the general circulation, no part of the vaccine 
 virus entering into the blood at all ; but injections 
 into the blood-vessel is very sure of effect — it 
 never fails. Any physician who objects to this 
 test being applied to his own person, and yet 
 proposes and demands vaccination for others, 
 gives the clearest proof that he is either bare of 
 all logic and common justice, or that he wilfully 
 maintains and defends a practice which he well 
 knows is infamous. If, however, a physician or 
 legislator can be found who will consent to this 
 test, and very serious affections do not occur as 
 the consequence of thus introducing into the 
 blood such matter as is usually employed in 
 vaccination, I will readily and at once not only 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 75 
 
 take back all I have said against vaccination, 
 but will openly and strongly defend the propriety 
 of it. Vaccination with such virus as the spec- 
 imen from the heifer of Dr. Martin, I repeat, is 
 harmless ; nevertheless, I would not consent to 
 have even that injected into my veins. 
 
 If persons wish to be vaccinated from strong 
 faith in such a procedure, they should at least 
 microscopically examine the virus, or have it ex- 
 amined, as to whether or not it contains pus cells ; 
 but to vaccinate helpless children, necessarily 
 unconscious of the nature of the proceeding, 
 with impure virus or pus, is a contemptible and 
 absolute wrong, which neither legislation, faith, 
 nor any other procedure can make right. From 
 personal observation I know of more than a 
 dozen children within direct reach, who have 
 been injured more or less for life by vaccination, 
 and several cases where the death of strong and 
 healthy children was from the same cause. 
 
 And just here it may not be out of place'to re- 
 late a few of the instances which I have observed 
 where the deadly effect of vaccination was de- 
 monstrated beyond a doubt, no syphilitic infec- 
 tion being observable. Several years ago I had 
 occasion to know a child two years old, of 
 healthy parents. This child was very healthy, 
 and had never been sick ; I was called to see it 
 two months after it had been vaccinated. I 
 found the right arm of the child almost entirely 
 deprived of its muscles, the bare humeral bone 
 with a few fragments of skin hanging on the 
 emaciated child, presenting a most shocking ap- 
 pearance. The child soon died. I was called 
 
76 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 to see a child after vaccination, who, previously, 
 had never been sick, and of a healthy German 
 family. I found the axillary glands enlarged to 
 the size of a child’s head, the child itself ema- 
 ciated to a mere skeleton. Recovered slowly, 
 after very careful treatment. A well-known ar- 
 tist married a Boston lady, after which he re- 
 moved to Stuttgard, Germany. He returned, 
 after several years, with a very healthy boy of 
 four years of age. This boy had not been vac- 
 cinated, nor had he ever seen one hour’s sick- 
 ness. The father, being somewhat afraid of 
 vaccination, asked me about it, when I advised 
 him not to vaccinate him under any circumstan- 
 ces, but to satisfy his wife, to use some milk or 
 water. Several weeks after, I was called to see 
 the child, as having scarlet fever. The mother 
 had taken the boy to be vaccinated. I at once 
 saw that he was poisoned ; he recovered in a 
 week ; three months after was taken again in the 
 same manner ; recovered again in two weeks. 
 I then advised the father to procure some other 
 medical aid in case of a recurrence, as I did not 
 think the boy could survive it, his kidneys having 
 become infected. Four months after, he was 
 again taken down and died, as .1 supposed he 
 would, several physicians doing all they could 
 to save him. Only a few weeks ago I was called 
 to see a young lady who had come from the State 
 of New York, to visit some friends here. The 
 severity of symptoms standing in no proportion 
 to physical explorations, allowed of no diagnosis 
 except poisoning. Upon inquiry I ascertained 
 that three weeks previous, she had been vaccin- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 77 
 
 ated, which affected her strongly for a few days, 
 but soon recovered from it. As soon as the ulcer 
 from vaccination healed, the above symptoms of 
 blood poisoning occurred. I sent her home, and 
 examination indicates that she has Bright’s dis- 
 ease. The frequency of albumen in the urine of 
 children in eruptive diseases, occurring after 
 vaccination, is astonishing ; the extreme smallness, 
 and construction of the capillary vessels in the 
 kidney, very readity explain that any particles 
 introduced into the blood is liable to obstruct the 
 kidney more quickly and seriously than the lung 
 capillaries, for instance, which would show its 
 effect much too late for ordinary observers to ad- 
 mit that vaccination was the original source or 
 cause of injury through embolism. The fre- 
 quency of meeting with children who, previous 
 to vaccination, were bright and perfectly well, 
 but who, after vaccination, keep ailing for weeks 
 and months, and finally apparently recover, to 
 remain subject to all the consequences of capil- 
 lary embolism, is sickening. But the obstinacy 
 of practitioners who, in spite of anatomy, exper- 
 imental experience and reason, wilfully continue 
 to remain blind to the daily exhibitions of their 
 bad practice, is still more sickening. My prac- 
 tical observations in this regard are very limited, 
 as I purposely keep it out of my range ;'butT am 
 obliged to see enough to know that if all practi- 
 tioners were to give a true account of their ob- 
 servations after vaccination, a most frightful 
 picture would be the result. It is so bad, that 
 those who know are afraid of touching the sub- 
 ject, and pray, " Apres nous le deluge ! ” 
 
78 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The credit or demerit of the advanced theory 
 of Small-pox I am obliged to share with another, 
 who has independently arrived at the same con- 
 clusions, as will appear from the following ex- 
 tract of a letter, dated St. Louis, March 2, 1872 : 
 
 "Dear Doctor, — By chance my attention 
 was attracted by your pamphlet on Small-pox, etc. , 
 in which, — allow me to compliment you, — you 
 have in a most happy manner elucidated a theory 
 of which the correctness and tenability can now 
 no longer be doubted ; and by the successful ex- 
 position you have given it, the non-professional 
 will also be enabled to inform themselves of the 
 true nature of variola, and after all be convinced 
 of the gross imposition practised . upon them by 
 vaccination. 
 
 " A careful perusal of your highly interesting 
 essay has given me great pleasure, particularly 
 as the views you have arrived at fully corroborate 
 my own, which I advanced in this place two 
 years past, but with an almost unanimous disap- 
 proval of the profession (see St. Louis Med- 
 ical and Surgical Journal of September, 1870, 
 page 433, and the American Journal of Medical 
 Sciences, Philadelphia, October, 1870, page 
 524), etc., etc. I have taken leave to mail to you 
 a copy of my essay. 
 
 "Dr. C. Spinzig.” 
 
 The St. Louis Medical Society, in January, 
 1870, appointed a committee for the investigation 
 of the nature and causes of Small-pox. The 
 chief person of the committee appointed was 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 79 
 
 Dr. Spinzig, who presented the result of his in- 
 vestigations in a pamphlet entitled, "Variola: 
 Causes, Nature, and Prophylaxis. ByC. Spinzig, 
 M. D.” — St. Louis: Plate, Olshausen & Co., 
 Printers. 
 
 This pamphlet contains materially the same 
 theory as here advanced, only in a strictly scien- 
 tific form, and consequently incomprehensible to 
 all except scientific persons, but of great import- 
 ance and interest to the profession. 
 
 The following is the judgment rendered (rela- 
 tive to the merits of Dr. Spinzig’s Essay) by the 
 above-mentioned Journals, and also by the St. 
 Louis Medical Society : "We have not thought 
 it necessary ” (says the Medical Journal) "to enter 
 into a detailed account of, or to combat the views 
 set forth in this pamphlet, as we venture the 
 assertion that not a single convert will be made 
 by its perusal. In justice to the author, we must 
 say he has displayed great industry and research, 
 an extensive consultation of excellent authorities, 
 and expended much thought in elaborating a 
 theory which is certainly unique. In justice to 
 established theories, we must say his premises 
 are unsound, his reasoning fallacious, and his 
 conclusions illogical ” ! ! ! 
 
 First, he consulted " excellent authorities,” and 
 afterwards, his "premises are unsound”! "his 
 reasoning fallacious ”; which simply means Dr. 
 Spinzig is a fool. It is, however, very strange 
 and unaccountable that the St. Louis Medical 
 Society should have appointed a fool on a com- 
 mittee in so important and difficult a matter ! 
 " His conclusions illogical.” The Society ap- 
 
8o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 pointed a committee from the fact that they ex- 
 perienced the necessity for better information 
 than that which they already possessed ; but as 
 soon as such superior information is furnished, 
 the " established theories ” are at once good 
 again ; — where is the logic of this? We admit 
 that we do not know the nature and causes of 
 Small-pox, therefore we appoint a committee to 
 investigate them ; but as soon as this committee 
 furnish the information required, in justice to our 
 acknowledged ignorance we denounce such as 
 illogical ! They " do not think it necessary to 
 combat the views.” I would ask the modest 
 question, Is it possible to do so? 
 
 .The criticism of the "American Journal of 
 Medical Sciences ” is as follows : " It will hardly 
 be expected that we should inquire into the val- 
 idity of the foregoing propositions, or attempt a 
 refutation of the very futile efforts made by Dr. 
 Spinzig to give them a character of plausibility. 
 It will suffice to say, that the conclusions of the 
 writer are in conflict with the experience of the 
 whole medical world ; and so far as regards his 
 negations of the protective powers of vaccina- 
 tion, he repudiates the positive results of tests 
 put in execution upon a most extended scale in 
 Europe, and in this country.” 
 
 Both these journals, in the first place, are des- 
 titute of the first, the most simple elements, the 
 A, B, C of scientific criticism. To twaddle is 
 the business of old women and fools, but it is the 
 absolute duty of scientific criticism to give ex- 
 planation and proof , in each and every case . 
 Every ignoramus can deny, but a scientific man, 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 8l 
 
 journal, or society, must f rove. And this is just 
 the difference between science and nonsense. It 
 is most plainly evident that the journals would 
 have given a single instance, at least, of incor- 
 rectness had they been able to do so ; but they 
 could not. The " positive results of tests put in 
 execution in Europe and in this country ” is an 
 absolute riddle, and a pent-up secret which that 
 journal is wise enough to keep to itself. The 
 profoundness of this journal may also be learned 
 from the following : not a long time since the 
 writer sent to it his theory of the mechanism of 
 respiration and its application, with full explana- 
 tions, and with good authority. Although upon 
 this particular subject literally nothing exists in 
 books or teachings, and the subject is one of 
 very great importance, it. was refused ; no ob- 
 jections being made relative to its correctness, 
 or any other reasons given. The one it could 
 not afford, and the other it was ashamed to give. 
 The same, however, has since been published 
 in various articles, in New York (Med. Record 
 of Sept. 1-15, Oct. 15, Dec. 15, 1868), in 
 Vienna (Oestreichische Zeitschrift fur practische, 
 Heilkunde, Wien 3 March, 1871), in Leipzig 
 (Schmitts Jahrbiicher, No. i,i87i,p. 124), and in 
 Boston (Journal of Gynaecological Society of 
 June and July 1871, and in Good Health 
 Journal, during 1871), and I am not yet aw^are, 
 of any one, either here or in Europe, who has 
 objected to its correctness. 
 
 A better proof of scientific precision and cor- 
 rectness can hardly exist, than mathematically 
 exact conclusions, which are the same in 
 
82 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 every particular, and which have been arrived at 
 by two independent thinkers whose education 
 has been entirely different, and who are wholly 
 unacquainted with each other. Dr. Spinzig’s 
 method of treating the subject is also different 
 from mine, yet every conclusion, even every 
 cause for a deduction, is the same. And since 
 by reading the two a possible misunderstanding 
 of terms is out of the question, I cannot too 
 highly recommend its careful perusal by any 
 physician who wishes to inform himself upon the 
 true nature of Small-pox. 
 
 If any are unable to understand why I have 
 written in a popular and absolutely plain style, 
 instead of a purely scientific one, they can find a 
 solution of their difficulty in the treatment re- 
 ceived by Dr. Spinzig from the profession in this 
 country. Years ago I received similar treatment 
 for what. I consider some of my best discoveries, 
 and consequently have suffered by seeing another 
 man, (Cohnheim,) earn a high reputation by 
 advancing the same views in Europe; a reputa- 
 tion to which I was reasonably entitled by priority 
 of discovery. If the regular medical societies and 
 their journals cannot learn to respect and grate- 
 fully accept the advanced views arrived at by the 
 hard and earnest study of their own members, but 
 prefer, rather, unjustly to oppose anything and 
 everything of this character, and thus work for 
 quackery, and in direct opposition to scientific pro- 
 gress, they must expect to be completely disre- 
 garded, and suffer the consequences of their action, 
 by being set aside and overruled as medical ca- 
 lamities, and stumbling-blocks to progress and 
 very-much needed advance. 
 
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