I L I B RARY OF THE U N IVERSITY or ILLINOIS 917.344 VG4cv v-l i I ininois Historical Surwj A 7 LIBHahY OF THE UNIVERSITV Of ILMNOI'.- QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY History and Representative Men DAVID F. WILCOX Supervising Editor JUDGE LYMAN McCARL Chairman of Advisory Board Assisted by the Following Board of Advisory Editors JOS. J. FREIBURG THOMAS S. ELLIOTT GEORGE W. CYRUS HEXRY RORXMAXX ILLUSTRATED VOLUME I THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1919 7 / /• J>1^ V-"- / PREFACE The geogi'aphical position of Adams Couuty gave it historical promiiieiiee from the time of its first settlement ; so forcibly was this evident that in not a few of the events and movements which have been of national import, Adams County and its stanch citizenship have wielded decisive influence. Quincy, its beautiful county seat, occupying a coiinuanding site on tiie banks of the Mississippi, on the western confines of Central Illinois, which here juts into the border territory of the South, was early recognized as a community where disputants over Slavery, States Rights and Mormonism would be accorded justice and even uutramded discussion. Althougii its lead- ers have never lacked positiveness and forceful expression of their opinions, Adams County earned a name for liberality and charity in its very infancy and has always maintained it. That statement ap- plies to both its men and women, one of the pioneer organizations in the United States for "the emancipation of the weaker sex" having originated in Quincy and there developed, with the progress of the times, as a representative body of American womanhood. In politics, in social matters, in educational influence, in patriotic works and in industrial and counuercial expansion, Quincy and Adams County have constituted a credit to the state and the nation. The Soldiers' Home, the Chamber of Commerce, churches, farmers and their splendidly conserved iiiterests, the factories and stores, and all the fine men and women, comprise subjects of interest and pride for the writers and compilers of this history. They do not pretend to liavc (lone any of such subjects full justice, but have been honest in their endeavor. In bringing these wonders to i)ass, no class or iiationality has been pre-eminent. Xo section of Illinois or tlie nation has been more truly American than Adams County; and especially has this been made manifest in the acid and fiery test of these days of fearful stress and war. A considerable portion of this history, however, luis been de- voted to the influence of the German element upon the developmnt of Quincy and the territory tributary to it, and the .supervising editor, with his advisory as.sociates, takes jileasurc in spreading the record over many pages charged with intere.st and instruction. No citizen of Quincy could have been better prepared to undertake and complete this exposition than Henry Bornmann. Those who know him well, and tlie man.v personalities who have been woven into his narrative, need be told that Adams County does owe a great debt to the pioneer Ger- mans, who migrated to free America, from tlie country which l)0und iii 979073 iv PREFACE them with shackles and whose intelligent and patriotic descendants, reaping the fruits of their racial industry and thrift amid the very conditions and institutions which their fathers sought, have long since forgotten that they have any blood in them but American. The supervising editor, David P. Wilcox, also wishes to extend his thanks to the members of the Advisory Board, Lyman McCarl, chair- man. Judge of the County Court, and Joseph J, Freiburg, of Quincy : to George W. Cyrus, of Camp Point, and Thomas S. Elliott, of Payson. for their invaluable assistance, both in the collating of the necessary data for the history and in the revision of the manuscripts after they had been prepared. The newspaper men and women of the county, the eitj- and county officials, the clergymen of the city and coiinty, its prominent and charitable women, and the managements of the Chamber of Commerce, the Soldiers and Sailors Home and other in- stitutions, have also been helpful in every way. Believing that the history of Adams County, and of its beautiful county seat, should be pi'eserved, and feeling that all available mater- ial has been used to that end, the publishers submit these volumes to the public with the hope that they may be of interest to the present generation and of great value to the generations which are to follow. The preparation of these volumes was a task carried on while the nation was engaged in war. The generation that receives them need not be told of the conditions which restricted and made difSciilt the printing and publishing business. The war imposed, without option, certain variations from accepted standards of matei'ial. The publisliers believe that no essential quality has been lost in the present books on that account, but offer this explanation for any lack of uni- formity that may be attributed to war-time requirements. CONTENTS CHAPTER I IN A STATE OF NATURE Area, Drainage and Springs — Uplands, Prairies and Bottom Lands — Surface Geology Related to Natural Wealth — Alluvial Deposits — The Loess — The Real Drift — Formation and Dis- tribution OF THE Drift — Glacial Mo\'ements and Ice Sueets — Origin of the Prairies — Swamp Lands Transformed into Prairie — The Coal ]Measures — The Commercial Clays — Soils and Their Natural Products — Healthful Climate — Bird Life IX Adams County — Friends of the Farmer 1 CHAPTER II WEALTH BASED ON THE SOIL The Rich Corn Belt — Early Attempts at Fruit Raising — Hog Raising and Pork Packing — Adams County Agricultural So- ciety — County Farmers' Institute Organized — The County's Farm AD\^sER — Work of the County Farm Improvement Asso- ciation — Present and Future ok Agriculture 17 CHAPTER III PREDECESSORS OF THE WHITES Prehistoric Mounds in the "American Bottom" — Archaeological Remains in Adams County — The Illinois Indian Confederacy — "Poor Old Ivickai-(m) Me" 31 CHAPTER IV COUNTY IILSTORY L\ THE MAKLXO Under French Dominion — Joliet and Marquette on Tu^inois Soil — Legendary Monsters of the Mississippi Valley — The "Piasa" Bird — Marqueite and Joliet Get Desired Information — Return vi CONTENTS Via the Illinois River — Last Days op Marquette — La Salle Consolidates French Empire in America— Brave and Faithful ToNTi — Commercial Venture into Illinois Country — Afloat on the Kankakee — La Salle Meets the Kaskaskia Indians — Builds Fort Crevecoeur Below Peoria— Sends Father Henne- pin to Upper Mississippi — The Disasters at Starved Rock AND Fort Crevecoeur— La Salle's Second Voyage— At the Mouth of the Mississippi — Messenger Sent to France — Deaths OP La Salle and Tonti — Permanent Pioneer Settlements of Illinois— Fort Chartres, Center op Illinois District— First Land Grant nsr District — Life at the Pioneer French Illinois Settlements — Under the Crown and the Jesuits — Kaskaskia, Illinois Jesuit Center — Fortunate and Progressive Illinois — The English Invade the Ohio Valley — French Rebuild Fort Chartres — Illinois Triumphs Over Virginia — New Fort Chartres in British Hands— First English Court op Law in Illinois Country— Pontiac Buried at St. Louis— Last op Fort Chartres— "Long Knives" Capture Kaskaskia — Did Not War on "Women and Children" — Bloodless Capture op Cahokia and Vincennes — Clark's Little Army Reorganized — Combined Military and Civil Jurisdiction — County of Illinois, West op THE Ohio River— Col. John Todd, County Lieutenant- American Civil Government Northwest of the Ohio — Illinois as a Territory — Bond Law Protects Home Seekers — State j\Ia- CHiNERY Set in Motion — Illinois Counties in 1818 — Wild Cat Banking — Slavery Question Again— The Famous Sangamon Country — Duncan and the Free School Law — Illinois Inter- nal Improvements — Capital Moved to Springfield — Remains of Internal Improvement System — Constitution op 1848 — Legis- lative Lessons Through Experience — Real Wi* Cat Banks — National Banks Force Out Free Banks — The Constitution of 1870 38 CHAPTER V SOME YEARS PRECEDING COUNTY ORGANIZATION Illinois Bounty Land Tract and :Madison County— Old Pike County— Wood and Keyes "Meet Up"— The Tillsons Speak op Quincy's FouNDERSr— The First Man and the First Woman —Agreeable All 'Round — The Old Wood Place— Mrs. Jere- miah Rose, First Quincy White Woman — Keyes and Droulard Settle— The County's First Physician— Gov. John Wood — WiLLARD Keyes— Jeremiah Rose — Asa Tyrer— Old Pike County Votes "No Convention" — Thomas Carlin — County* op Adams Created — Ix)cating the Seat of Justice — John Quincy Adams Compi-etely Immortalized ^^ CONTENTS vii CHAPTER VI COUNTY GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONS The County's Creative Act — First Court and Its Seal. — County Se.\t Site Entered — Quincy Ordered Platted — First Sale op QuiNCY Lots — First Log Courthouse — Burial Ground Re- served — First Te.\cher and First Preacher — Providing for Judge Snow's Expansion — Woodland CiaJETERY — A. F. Hub- bard's Claim to Fame— The Ghost Walks Again — Courthouse OP 1838-75 — Dangers op Chronic Office Holding — A Jail Thought Expedient ;\nd Necessary — Original Election Pre- cincts — Columbus Fights for the County Seat — JIarquette AND Highland Counties — Judiclvl Reform and Slavery — Town- ship Organization Ad — Lindsay Church Home — The Blessing Hos- pital — The Anna Brown Home — Old People's Home (Das Al- tenheim) — Detention Home 510 CONTENTS xi CHAPTER XIV CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES FiBST Union Congregation^vl Church — Vermont Street Metho- dist Episcopal — Central Baptist Church — St. Boniface and St. Peter's Cuurciie.s — St. John's Parish and Cathedral — Ev.vngelical Lutheran Church of St. John — Fir.st Presby- terian- Church — Second Congregational Unitarian Church — Kentucky Street JIethodist Episcopal Church — The Salem Evangelical Church — The Christian Churches — St. Jacobi Evangelical Lutheran Church — Congregation K. K. Bnai Sholem — St. Francis Solanus Parish — St. Francis Solanus College — Father Anselm — The Colored Churches — St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran — St. JIary's Ro.man Cath- olic Church — Bethel Germ.vn Methodist Episcopal Church — St. Paul's Evangelical Church — St. John's Roman Catholic Church — United Brethren Church — First Church of Christ Scientist — Luther ^Memorial Church — St. Rose of Lima Chitrch — Grace Methodist Episcop.vl Church — Church Fed- eration — Social, Industrial, Secrf.t and Benevolent Societies — The Masons of Quincy — Scottish Rite ]\I.\sonry in Quincy — Building op the Temple — Other High Masonic Bodies — The Independent Order of Odd Fellows — The Knights of Pythias — The ROY.VL Arcanum Council — Knights of Columbus — The Eagles and Other Societies — The Western Catholic Union — Quincy Turn Verein — Quincy Country Club 540 CHAPTER XV INDUSTRIAL AND FINANCIAL Oldest Existing Industries — Classification of Today — The Quincy Chamber of Commerce — The Quincy Freight Bureau — The Banks of Quincy — Branch of the State Bank — Flagg & Savage Open a Bank — Several Failures — Old Bank op Quincy — Quincy Savings Bank — John Wood and H. F. J. RiCKER — L. & C. II. Bull Enter the Banking Field — E. J. Parker's Bank — Order of Seniority — Consolidation of the Bull and Parker Interests — State Savings, Loan and Trust Company' — Robert W. Gard.ner and Edward J. Parker — Death op Lorenzo Bull — The Ricker National Bank and its Founder — Quincy N.vtional Bank — Illinois St.vte Bank — Other Banks 579 xii CONTENTS CHAPTER XVI CAMP POINT Early Settlements ix Township — Peter B. Garrett and Thomas Bailey — Pioneer Churches — Rise op Garrett's Mill — Camp Point Platted — Influence op Thomas B.uley — Bailey Park AND THE Opera House — The Maplewood High School — Other Residence Essentials — The Camp Point Journal — The Two Banks — The Churches — Fraternity Temple and Societies — The Independent Order op Odd Fellows Lodges — Women's Organizations 590 CHAPTER XVII CLAYTON AND GOLDEN Early Settlers op Clayton Township — The McCoys Found the Village — Moving the Old Town to the Country — The Village OP Today — Banks — Churches and Societies — Northeast Town- ship — Founding of Keokuk Junction — The Junction Platted — The Golden of Today — School and Newspaper — The Churches op Golden 601 CHAPTER XVIII mendon and LORAINE Pioneers of Mendon Township — Mendon Village Platted — Early Political Center — Churches and Lodges — ]\Iendon Incor- porated AS A Village — The Local Newspaper — The Banks — Keiene Township Settled — The Steiner Family — Loraixe Village 612 CHAPTER XIX PAYSON AND PLAINVILLE Pioneer Horticulturists — Founding of Payson Village — Noted Early Schools — Other Village Institutions — Village of Plainville 621 CONTENTS xiii CHAPTER XX OTHER TOWNSHiry AND VILLAGES iNDlSTRinS AND PrODICTS OP HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP FrOCGY Prairie — Coatsburg, Qiincy's Rival — Paloma and the Good- INGS — Fall Creek Township — .Marblehead and F^vll Creek — Lima Township and Village — Liberty — Gilmer Township and Fowler — The Old Thompson Settlement — Old and New Ursa — Mercelline — Columbus — Burton Township and Its Villages — Houston Township — Beveri.y Township and Its Villages — Ellington Township and Bloomfield — ;McKee Township and Kkli-ekvii.i.e — Richfield Village 6.]0 CHAPTER XXI CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS AND HISTORIES Why Adams County Could Appropriately Celebr.\te — County Centennial Commission Formed — Celebrations in the County — Liberty Township Centennial Picnic — Ellington, Burton, JIendon, Richfield, Golden. Camp Point, Payson, Houston, Columbus, Gilmer, Honey Creek, Concord, Melrose and Fall Creek Townships — Centennial History of Liberty Township (By W. a. Robinson, Historian) — History of Burton Town- ship (Contributed) — History op Richfield Township (Con- tributed) — Honey Creek Township (By W. S. Gray) 640 CHAPTER XXII OTHER HISTORIC CELEBRATIONS The Masque of Illinois — A Brief Synopsis of the Pageant — At QuiNCY — Outside op Quincy — Centennial Celebration at the County Seat — "Hiawatha" in Quincy — Military Day — Rei^vtives of World War Soldiers — Patriotic Demonstration — PEitsHiNo's Beauties, a Feature — Sergeant Weyman's Elo- Qi^ENT War Speech — The Historical Displ.\y — Dedication of . THE Gold Star Flag 680 xiv CONTENTS CHAPTER XXIII ADAMS COUNTY WORLD WAR PERSONNEL Those Who Gave Their Lives — How the Mex Were Raised and Distributed — Many Joined Old Guard Units — History of the Dr.\et Boards — Recruiting Offices Kept Busy — Names Not All Completed — Quincy Men Inducted by Exemption Board — How Most of the Men Were Distributed — Some Quincy Men Who Volunteered — Roster of National Guardsmen Who Left Quincy — Some County Men Who Enlisted in the Army — Naval Volunteers Going from Quincy — Latest Figures on the County 's Contribution op Men 689 History of Ouincy and Adams County CHAPTER I IN A STATE OF NATURE Akea, Drainage and Springs — Uplands, Prairies and Bottom Lands — Surface Geology Related to Natural Wealth — Alluvial Deposits — The Loess — The Real Drift — Formation and Dis- tribution OP the Drift — Glacial Movements and Ice Sheets — Origin of the Pr.uries — Swamp Lands Transformed into Prairie — The Coal Measures — The Commercial Clays — Soils AND Their Natural Products — Healthful Climate— Bird Life IN Adams County — Friends of the Farmer. Adams is one of the Mississippi River ooiiiities. west of the center of the State, and lies a trifle away from the great routes of discovery and exploration into the interior of the countrj- which were marked out by the great French adventurers and Catholic priests. As it is not far north of the historic valley of the Illinois, the region soon came within the scope of these activities, especially when the lower reaches of the Mississippi, which were supjMJsed to lead toward the South or Oriental Seas, had been carelessly explored, and the upper waters of the great river beckoned to the revealers of the New World. What is now Adams County was then passed and repassed by gi'eat men, but they did not linger on its soil, as it was watered and fertilized by no large or attractive stream ; that is, as all the majestic, bewildering and my.sterious rivers of America were subject to their choice, there was no waterway in what is now Adams County which could attract them overpoweringly to its soil. Area, Drainage and Springs The county embraces an area of about 830 sfpiare miles, divided into twenty-two political towniships, sixteen of wliich are of the regu- lation thirty-six sections each ; which accounts for 576 square miles of the total area. The irregular townships Imrder on the Mississippi River, one onlj- (Mendon) being in the second tier to tlic east. The Vol. I— 1 2 2 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY tributaries to the great river which forms its western boundary are Bear, Ursa and Crooked creeks, which drain the northern portions of the county ; Rock and McGee creeks, which water the central and east- ern townships, and Mill, Fall, McCraney's and Hadley's creeks, which meander through the southern sections. These streams furnished, in early times, a small amount of water power for mills and machinery and an abundant supply of water for live stock. Fine springs are abundant in some portions of the county, more especially in the south- ern and western townships where the Burlington or Quincy limestone is the prevailing rock. That formation is somewhat cavernous and admits the free passage of subterranean waters through it, until they finally find an outlet at the surface in the form of living springs of clear filtered water. Uplands, Prairies and Bottom Lands The uplands in this county are nearly equally divided into timber and prairie, the timber portions being mainly restricted to the broken lands in the vicinity of the streams. The prairies are generally quite rolling, except in the northeastern part of the county where they are comparatively level. The general elevation of the prairie region above the level of the Mississippi at low water is from 200 to 280 feet. Along the w^estern border of the county there is a belt of alluvial bottom lands from 1 to 5 miles in width extending the whole length of the county from north to south, except for about two miles in the vicinity of Quincy, where the bluffs approach near to the river bank. A portion of these alluvial lands is quite dry, being only overflowed by the highest floods in the river. They have a very rich and productive soil, which is partly prairie, especially the higher portions adjacent to the river bluffs. The low bottom lands are partly covered with timber. Those north of Quincy toward the Hancock County line were, in the early times, intersected with numerous bayous, and in the northwestern corner of Adams County one of them widened into what was known as Lima Lake. Systematic drainage has since almost obliterated that body of water, and brought under cultivation large tracts of lands which were considered worthless. Surface Geology Related to Natural Wealth The geological formations exposed in Adams County comprise the lower carboniferous limestone about 300 feet in thickness, 100 feet of the lower part of the coal series and deposits of a more recent age. Outside the field of science — in other words, to the average person — the last named are of more interest and importance than the more aged strata which lie deeper and are more solid. Surface geology, which deals with the soils and subsoils from which man draws his physical life and wealth, explains the origin and properties of nature's raw material from which are evolved through her mysterious processes QUINCY AND ADAMS COIXTY 3 guided by the cunning mind and hand of man, those many forms of vegetation whit-h are at the basis of human existence. These invaluable eoiitributioiis by nature include the surface soil and the subsoil of the uplands, in Adams County ; the alluvial deposits of the river valleys; the Loess along the Mississippi bluffs; the drift proper, including all the thick beds of unstratified clay and gravel and inclosing boulders of large size, and the subordinate clays, usually stratified, which rest immediately on the stratified rocks. Allitvi^vl Deposits The alluvial deposits of the Mississippi Valley consist of partially stratified sands, alternating with dark bluish-gray, or chocolate-brown clays, deposited by the annual floods of the river. In the vicinity of the bluffs these deposits are annually increased by the wash from the adjacent hills and the sediments that are carried down by the small streams during their overflows. The Valley of the Mississippi has been excavated in solid limestone strata to the depth of from 150 to 300 feet and from 5 to 10 miles in width; and as we frequently find some portions of the valley still occupied by the l)eds of unaltered drift material, like that which covers the adjacent highlands, we have evidence that it was not formed by the river, which now, in part, occupies it, but is due to some agency much older and more widespread. It is evident, that the surface of the strati- fied rocks in this portion of the state has been subjected to the pow- erful denuding forces of periods long antedating the deposit of super- ficial materials and .soils, as in many localities the rocks have been cut into deep valleys which form the permanent river courses, or have been filled with drift. The Loess The next older division of this system is the Loess, a term originally applied to a similar formation which caps the bluffs of the Rhine in Germany. In Adams County, it is a deposit of marly sand and clay, ranging in thickness from ten to forty feet. It attains its greatest development where it caps the river bluffs, thinning rapidly toward the adjacent highlands. The Loess is usually of a light buff brown, or ashen gray color, frequently showing distinct lines of stratification and always overlies the drift clays when both are present in the same section. It is usually quite sandy on the upper surfaces of the cliffs but as the beds get thinner it becomes calcareous. The Loess is well expo.sed in the bluffs at Quincy, where it is forty feet in thickness and overlies .some beds of plastic clay and i>and. Immediately above the limestone at this locality is a few feet of what is called "local drift," consisting of angidar fragments of chert embedded in a brown clay. This is overlaid by a few feet of blue plastic clay and stratified sands on which the Loess is deposited. 4 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The Real Drift The real Drift in Adams County is composed of yellowish-brown or bluish clays, with sand, gi'avel and large boulders of watei'-worn I'oek, the whole mass usually showing little or no trace of stratification, and ranging in thickness from thirty to eighty feet. It is a mass of water-worn fragments of all the stratified rocks that are known to occur for several hundred miles to the northward, and embedded in brown or blue clays, and most of the boulders are of sandstone, granite and various igneous rock found on the borders of the Great Lakes. Associated with the latter are also smaller and rounded boulders de- rived from the stratified rocks of Illinois and adjacent states. Inter- mingled with these masses are fragments of native copper, lead, coal and iron, which does not indicate that such minerals were ever mined in any near section of the country, for they have often been transported hither from far-distant localities by the same powerful agencies to which the Drift itself owes its origin. The old coal shaft at Coatsburg penetrated the thickest bed of drift whicli has ever been imcovered in Adams County. The sections were of the following thickness: Soil and yellowish clay, 6 feet; bluish- colored clay and gravel, 45 feet; clay, with large boulders, 40 feet; black soil, 2i/2 feet; clay (stratified), 6 feet; very tough blue clay, 20 feet. The bed thus analyzed contains therefore eighty-five feet of what may be considered true Drift, consisting of unstratified clays intermixed with gravel and boulders. The upper six feet of the forma- tion probably represents the age of the Loess, and its origin is ex- plained by Professor Lesquereaux in his chapter on the formation of the prairies, which will be hereafter noted. FORM.VTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE DrIFT A pause is here taken in the simple descriptive narrative to dwell somewhat at length on the probable origin of those variegated deposits grouped as Drift, which form the solid basis of the aljuvial and surface soils from which spring the germs and finished products of the vegetable world. The greatest agents in the formation and distribution of the Drift and the general modification of the surface of the earth, have been glaciers and ice sheets ; and this statement applies with partic- ular significance to Illinois. When it is remembered that these ice sheets were hundreds and possibly thousands of feet thick, and were hundreds of miles in width and length, some adequate idea may be formed of their power to plow up and completely change the surface stnicture of the earth. The debris which they brought from the Laurentian ilountains of Canada was distributed over Illinois generally, greatly to the enrichment of its soils. This material, which eventually liecame the wonderfully productive soil in all the glacial areas, was transported in several ways. Much of it was pushed along mechanically in front of the advancing l^riNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 5 ife-slii-et, so that wIk-m tho forward iiiovtMueiit lifjraii to be retardccl, this material was left scattered along the edges of the advaneing body. -Miicii material was carried along under the iee-sheet and was grounded and distributed over the glacial area. Other material, again, was carried to the surface of the ice-sheet, and often deeply inbedded in it. ^Yhen the movement was finally checked, the superimposed ma- terial becoming heated by the sun, worked its way through the ice and rested on the ground, the whole body of ice eventually melting. Vast quantities of material were also carried by the streams which continually flowed from tiie melting ice. iluch of the detritus was left on the broad, llat prairies, but much was carried into the streams which overflowed their banks and deposited as alluvium. The material which these glaciers brought into the State of Illinois, as the basis of her vast material wealth, goes under the general name of Drift. Its composition varies, but its main constituents are clay, sand and boulders. This drift is sometimes found stratified, but more generally is without definite layer formation. Gl.\CI.\L ilOVEME.VTS AND ICK SUEETS Without going into details as to authorities, it may be stated that, in North America, there seems to have been three great centers of glacial movement — one known as the Labrador ice sheet; a second called the Kewatin ice sheet, and the third, the Cordilloran ice sheet. The first sheet had its center of movement near the central point of the peninsula of Labrador; the second, near the western shore of Hudson Bay, and the third moved from the Canadian Rockies. The ice sheet, the center of which rested on the Labrador peninsula, moved northeast, northwest, south and southwest, the movement in the direction last named starting a large section of the vast body toward what is now the State of Illinois. The Labradorean sheet reached its extreme southern limit in Southern Illinois, some 1,600 miles from the point of departure. Th-? advancing front in Illinois took the form of a gigantic crescent, and its extreme southern reach, according to the most recent geological surveys, may be traced from Randolph County southeast, through the southern side of Jackson eastward through Southern Williamson, east and northeast through Southeast- ern Saline, northeastward to the Waba.sh through the northwest corner of Gallatin and Southeastern White. That line also marks the southern limit of the prairie areas, and is coincident with the northern foot- hills of the Ozark Mountains, which trend east and west across the state through Union, Johnson. Pope and Hardin. According to the more recent investigations, Illinois was sub.ject to at least four ice-sheet invasions. In the order of time, these were (a) the Illinois sheet, which covered nearly the entire state: (10 the lowan sheet, moving over the area bounded by the Rock River on the west, Wisconsin on the north. Lake Michigan on the east, and on the 6 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY south by a parallel extended from the southerly bend of that body of water; (c) the Earlier Wisconsin, covering the northeastern fourth of Illinois, and (d) the Later Wisconsin, plowing out the western borders of Lake iliehigan and extending some fifty or sixty miles west- ward. The Illinois ice-sheef is the one, obviously, which included Adams County in its operations. Origin of the Prairies Nothing in the New World was more interesting to the European than the broad prairies between the Mississippi and the Ohio. In 1817 Gov. Edward Coles, then a young man returning from a diplo- matic mission to Russia, stopped in France and England. He was a Virginian, but had traveled through the West and had himself been greatly charmed by the rich grandeur of the prairie lands. The French and the English never tired of liis graphic descriptions of them, and among his charmed auditors was Morris Birkbeck, a prosperous tenant farmer of England, who was thereby induced to come to America and settle in Edwards County, Southeastern Illinois. In later years Dickens went into raptures over his first sight of a "western" prairie, revealing his sentiments in his "Notes on America." When the first French explorers reached the Mississippi Valley, they Avere amazed at the great sweep of timberless areas, although they originally applied their word, "prairie," to describe the fiat bottom lands of the river valleys. Nor is the application of the word to such tracts inappropriate, as it has been shown by geologists that the forma- tion of the prairies of Illinois is identical in character with the formation of the bottom lauds along the Mississippi, the Ohio, and other .smaller rivers. When the first settlers came to Illinois country they are said to have found about one-fourth of it timbered and the remainder timber- less, or prairie lands. They designated the largest timberless area the Grand Prairie, and it was virtually limited by the great watershed which divides the basins of the Mississippi and the Ohio. It extends from the northwestern part of Jackson County through Perry, part of Williamson, Washington, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Effingham, Coles, Champaign and Iroquois, crosses the Kankakee River and extends to the southern end of Lake Michigan. Adams County was therefore just west of the Grand Prairie, in the broad Mississippi Valley ; and therefore of rather a composite nature. The origin of the prairies has been a debatable question for many decades. Three general theories have been advanced to account for their existence at the time of the coming of the earliest settlers into the limits of Illinois. One explanation is that the great prairie fires which annually swept over the Grand Prairie effectually kept the trees from making any headway. But there are two scientific explanations which seem to go more to the. bedrock of the matter. QriXCY AND ADAMS COUXTV 7 Swamp Lands Transformed into Prairie Says a later writer on this subject, "Professor Whitney holds to tiie theory that the treeless prairies have had their origin in the char- acter of the original deposits, or soil formation. He does not deny, in fact admits, the submersion of all prairie lands formerly as lakes or swamps, but he holds that while the lands were so submerged there was deposited a vcrj- fine soil, which he attributes, in part, to the underlying rocks, and in part to the accumulation in the bottom of immense lakes, of a sediment of almost impalpable fineness. This soil in its physical, and probably in its chemical composition, prevents the trees from natin-ally getting a foothold in the prairies. "Professor Lesquereux holds to the theory simply stated that all areas properly called prairies were formed by the redemption of what was once lake regions and later swamp territory. He points out that trees grow abundantly in moving water, but that when water is dammed the trees always d:e. His theory is that standing water kills trees bj' preventing the oxygen of the air from reaching their roots. He further shows that the nature of the soil in redeemed lake regions is such that without the help of man trees will not grow in it. But he further shows that by proper i^lantiug the entire prairie area may be covered with forest trees. "As rich as was the soil of our prairies, the first emigrants seldom settled far out on these treeless tracts, ilost of the early comers were from the timber regions of the older states and felt they could not make a living very far from the woods. Coal had not come into use aiul wood was the univei-sal fuel. There was a wealth of mast in the timber upon which hogs could live a large part of the year. Again, our forefathers had been used to the springs of New England, Ken- tucky, Teunes.see and Virginia, and they did not think they could live where they could not have access to springs. The early comer, back in the '30s, therefore, rode over the prairies of Central Hlinois, and tiien entered 160 in the timber, where he cleared his land and opened his farm." In line with the Lesquereux theory Adams County, with the gradual disappearance of its swamp lands, is gradually becoming a prairie tract. After a careful investigation of the subject, some of the most eminent geologists of Illinois have arrived at the conclusion that the extensive prairies of the West, with their peculiar soil, have been formed in the past pretty much as prairies on a smaller scale are being formed at the present day. The black, friable mold, of which the prairie soil is composed is due to the growth and deca\- of successive crops of coarse swamp grasses, submerged in spring, and growing luxuriantly in summer, only to be submerged again, and returned, in a rotten condition, to the annual accumulations before made. It is not difficult to believe that in a few hundred years, more or less, as the great sheet of water that once covered the entire valley of the Missis- sippi and tributaries, gradually receded to tiie present water courses. 8 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY and left the prairies in the condition of alternate wet and dry swails, that a black, mucky soil was produced to the depth now found upon the prairies. In process of time, by more complete recession of the waters, the surface of the prairies became dry, and adapted to the wants of animals and men. The fact of there being no trees on the prairies is accounted for on the ground that such a condition of the soil as is here described is not favorable to their growth, as may be often noticed in the marshy spots of timbered regions. The Coal Measures Although geology recognizes "coal measures" in Adams County, no carboniferous deposits have been commercially developed. Upper seams, or outcroppings, have been stripped in a small way from such localities as the south fork of Bear Creek, Little Missouri Creek and other small streams near Clayton, in the neighborhoods of Columbus and Camp Point and along Mill Creek, as well as near the Pike County line. It is estimated that about one-half the area of Adams County is underlaid with coal measures, its central and eastern sec- tions being considered the most promising from an economic or com- mercial standpoint. The Limestones op the County The coal measures rest on three main strata of limestone — the St. Louis, Keokuk and the Burlington. The first named is a light or brownish gray variety, and contains many beautiful fossil corals and marine shells. Noteworthy outcrops of the St. Louis limestone have been found along McGee Creek near Columbus, at Coatsburg and in the vicinity of Mendon. The Keokuk group is usually bluish-gray or grayish-brown, and presents remarkable specimens of crystallized min- erals. It comes to the surface at Coatsburg, along the creeks men- tioned, and a few miles northeast of Quiney. That variety has been quarried considerably, furnishing the foundation for Governor Wood's historic mansion. From Quiney to the north line of the comity it out- crops at various points along the bluffs, and is well exposed on Bear Creek, near the Lima and Quiney Road, where it forms a mural cliff from 40 to 50 feet in height. It is also found along all the small streams in the western part of the county as far south as Mill Creek, on the forks of that stream. The regularly bedded lime- stones of the Keokuk group are mainly composed of organic matter; the calcareous portions of the molluscs, crinoids, corals and other small forms of marine animals which' swarmed in the ocean depths. The Burlington limestone, which underlies the lower stratum of the Keokuk group, differs but little from the latter. It is usually of a lighter gray color, variegated with beds of buff or brown stone, and devoid of the bands of .shale which separate the strata of the Keokuk series. The Burlington variety outcrops at Mill Creek, a few miles southeast of QriXCY AN'O ADAMS COUNTY 9 Quincy, and from that point to the south line of the county it comes to the surface quite continuously. Conunercially, the Burlin^on limestone is usually considered the most valuable of the three varieties. It has been rather extensively quarried at and near Quincy, and as the afrgregate thickness of the group averages 100 feet, nearly all of which may be used as building stone, the Burlington is considered virtually inexhaustible. It cuts easily when free from chert, and is considered an excellent stone for dry walls, as well as for caps and sills. The buff and brown layers contain a small percent of iron and magnesia, and the surface be- comes more or less stained by exposure to the atmosphere, but the light gray beds are nearly pure carbonate of lime and generally retain their original color. The brown magnesian limestone of the St. Louis group is an evenly stratified rock, well adapted for use in foundation walls, bridge abutments and culverts, where a rock is re(iuire(l to witii- stand the combined actions of frost and moisture. Most of the stone used in the manufacture of quick lime is obtained from the Burlington limestone, near Quincy, although the l)luish-gi-ay strata of the Keokuk group and the upper beds of the St. Louis series have been utilized considerably. Thk Commercial Clays The clays of the county have been developed economically to some extent, although some of the potteries in which they have been used are outside of its limits. The best deposits of fire and potter's clays are found in the shape of light blue shale between the coal seams. On exposure it becomes a fine plastic clay, or good material for the man- ufacture of fire brick. The subsoils intermingled with the fine sand of the Loess form an excellent material for the manufacture of com- mon brick. The combination may be found almost anywhere in the western part of the county, and there are few localities in the state which have produced a better variety of Iniilding brick than that man- ufactured in the neighborhood of Quincy. In the eastern part of the county, where the Loess is wanting, the sand may be obtained in tiie alluvial valleys of most of the small streams. S01L.S AND Their Xatkral Products But when all has been said, a return is made to the original state- ment — that the great contribution made by natur(> to the comfort and happiness of man is in her virtual guarantee that he shall not suffer if he depends primarily upon her returns to his labor and skill. Con- fining the survey of such natural advantages to Adams County, it may be said that its western portions include a belt of country from .5 to 10 miles in width adjacent to the bluffs of the Mis.sissippi, and extend- ing throughout its entire length from north to south, which is under- lain with marl}' sands and days of Loess. It possesses a soil of 10 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY remarkable fertility, with au undulating surface which furnishes a free drainage, so that with a rather porous subsoil it is less subject to the deleterious influences of remarkably dry or wet seasons than the other upland soils of the county. The natural growth of timber on this variety of soil consists principally of red, white and black oak, I^ignut and shell-bark hickory, elm, black and white walnut, sugar maple, linden, wild cherry and honey locust. These lands are also well adapted to the growth of fruit. On the banks of McGee's Creek and its tributaries the surface of the country is considerably broken, and the soil, which is mainly de- rived from the drift clays, is a stiff c4ay loam, better adapted to the growth of wheat and gi-ass than almost any crop usually grown in this latitude. The growth of timber on this kind of soil consists of two or three varieties of oak and hickory, which are characteristic of the so-£alled "oak ridges" which are so frequently seen along the small streams in Adams County and other section of Illinois. In the northeastern portion of the county is a considerable area of com- parativelj' level prairie, covered with a deep black soil rich with the annual decay of the surface shrubs and grasses. This black prairie soil is underlaid with a fine silicious brown clay, which does not permit the surface water to pass freely through it and, until drained, the lands are so flooded during the wet season as to be very difficult of cultivation. When the season is favorable, or after they have been well drained, there are no lands in the county which grow better crops of cereals, both as to quantity and quality. The alluvial bot- tom lands bordering the Mississippi are generally similar in their char- acter to those in Pike County and are heavilv timbered with the same varieties. Where these bottom lands are elevated above the annual overflow of the river, or pi'operly drained, they, also, are exceedingly productive. Healthful Climate There is another blessing for which the people of Adams County are indebted to mother nature ; that is their climate, which is, on the whole, equable and pleasant. Healthful, cool breezes usually circu- late through the Mississippi Valley, which keep it comparatively free of fogs and miasmatic mists. The rainfall is generally season- able and abundant, averaging about thirty-eight inches, and droughts of severity are rare. There are exceptions to these rules, of course; but as the years come and go this section of the state is conducive to good health, good crops and all-around blessings. Bird Life in Adams County The Mississippi Valley is the great natural highway of travel for the United States. Not only the Mound Builders have scattered evi- dences of their migrations along its mighty courses, and the Indian QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 11 tribes of history floated ou its waters or wandered and warred along its shores, but the very birds of the air have made it their great trunk line iu their search for tilting habitations in which to live and rear their families. All the Mississippi River counties, especially if they possess such a variety of topography and lands as Adams, are therefore rich iu bird life. "With the progress of natural history and scientific farming, the feathered kind have been found to be not only fascinating studies, but agents of valuable protection to the cereals, fruits and vegetables. Of course, the}' have keen appetites and eat some things of value, but all-in-all the farmers are commencing to fully realize that they much more than "pay for their keep." C. L. Kraber, whose father was one of the pioneers of Quincy — a carpenter who built the courthouse and other well known structures of an early date — lived on the old homestead farm just northeast of the county seat for some sixty years. Very observant and especially fond of birds, Mr. Kraber has written considerably regarding those who have frequented Adams County during his long period of resi- dence within its borders. He has noted at least one hundred varieties, among the chief of which he lists the paroquets, wild Muscovy ducks, the green head mallard, the blue coot, the pineated woodpecker, red- headed woodpecker, blackbirds, red-eyed wild pigeon, sand hill cranes, plovers, the Canadian wild goose, the brant, wild turkey, grossbeck, English sparrow, turtle dove, cardinal, bluebird, the brown thrush, French robin (cuckoo), whippoorwill, will-o-the-wisp, red-winged blackbird, meadow larks, cow-blackbirds, black crow, i-ohin red breast, cat bird, quails, oriole, wren, pheasants, swallow, turkey buzzard, blue heron, humming bird, crossbills, bald eagle, owl, scarlet lanager, wild white swan, butcher bird, the pewee, kingfisher, hawk, ground sparrow and an army of other small birds. Some of these are now rare, or nearly extinct. In the early days, the Mississippi bottoms near Quincy contained numerous paraquets, or green parrots ; but they appear to have departed with the Indians. The wild Muscovy duck is now very rare, but the mallard is the game duck of the open season. The following is a well-put paragraph from Mr. Kraber 's pen : "The old reliable red headed woodpecker is an active worker, and stops the career of thousands of insects in the embryo state from fur- ther developing into pests of the soil, and from adding to the dis- comfort of mankind. Flying from one tree to another with its red head and white marked wings, it is easily seen. It is not a wild bird, and can be studied at pleasure. His near relative, the yellow hammer, or flicker of the 'high roller' of E. P. Roe, is another bird to study with reference to habits, etc., since they have many traits worthy of emulation by the human family. The flicker and its mate will edge up to each other on the limb of a tree and go through more fantastic motions than any quixotic people. It would bo hard to describe them, as the.v sit there swinging back and forth in unison, their heads up and moving from side to side, and all the while chat- tering to each other something verv interesting to themselves. At 12 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY such time it does not take a veiy close observer to see that it is bird sentiment being expressed in its most amorous and innocent way. The}' mean every word they say, and lay it off so positively to one another that one can hardly help looking on and listening, and under- standing just what they are talking about. It is interesting to have it made so plain that they are one in sentiment, and agree so well in their out-of-door domestic life."' Up to the '60s, the red-eyed wild pigeons appeared in Adan: County during their migrations southward as to break the forest trees and darken the sun, taking the cour.se of the river bluffs in the spring and fall. They are now extinct in this part of the world. Flocks of plovers, often taken for wild pigeons, still occasionally fiy across country from southwest to northeast. Even the honk of the Canadian wild geese, which once bred in such numbers in the north- western part of the county, in the region of Lima Lake, is seldom heard. "Their habit," says Mr. Kraber, "was to leave the lakes and rivers by the hundreds before sunrise, and settle down into the wheat and com iields upon the bluffs and further inland until about ten o'clock in the morning. Then all would return to the river and lakes until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when they would again enter the fields and feed until after dark; then go back to the water for the night with much noise. They were very regular about it until late in the fall, and sometimes all winter if the weather was mild. They domesticated very readily, and became quite tame, but when so are only waiting to try their wings for a final good-bye. They are des- tined to early extinction." The wild turkey has quite disappeared fi-om the locality. The Mississippi River is the home of the gulls. They spend much time on the wing over the water, never flying very high. They are both scavengers and eaters of fi-esli fish. Friends of the Farmer But it is the land birds in which we take the practical interest; the destroyers of insect pests destructive to vegetation ; the real friends of the agriculturist. What these insects are and the special varieties of birds which seem created to assist in their extermination was thus told not long ago to a State Farmers' Institute by 0. 'Si. Schantz, president of the Illinois Audubon Society : ' ' The State of Illinois is 378 miles long in its greatest length and 210 miles wide. Owing to its length and its peculiar position, it has almost as great a range of climatic influences, geographical influences, and so on, as any state in the union. Therefore, its flora and fauna, its animal and vegetable life are extremely varied. The northern part is entirely different in its geogi-aphy and its animal life from the southern part. By its location, part of it touching Lake Michigan and the rest of it being tributary to the great Mississippi Valley, ex- cept for the water fowl of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, more migra- QLIXL'V AND ADAMS COLXTV 13 tory birds pass tIiroup:li the Mississippi Valley than through any other part of the United States. "In the consideration of a question of so great importance to the Illinois farmer as the relation of birds to farm eeonomj', it is very necessary to make clear in the most direct manner possible just how and why the farmer is to be benefited. "The projicr time to j)laiit, seasonable weather during the grow- ing season and also for the harvesting of crops, are, naturally the most evident factors in successful farming. "The old-fashioned, iinprogressive farmer gave little thought to other and less noticeable handicaps, such as plant diseases and the myriads of insects that were the natural enemies of both his fruit and cereal crops. With the rai)id increase in the value of farm lands, the competition for markets, and so forth, it has become ab.solutely neces- sary for a farmer to know every factor that may enter farm economy, or he fails to win out. "The lax use of powers of observation is rapidly disappearing, and today our farmers are growing more and more alive to the fact that a knowledge of scientific farming is the only way to make 150 to 250 acres yield a profit. "The agricultural colleges of many states, and the Federal De- partment of Agriculture, have for many years past conducted most exhaustive research a.s to the los.ses due to noxious insects, and the most effective means of curtailing these losses. "We have, by cultivation and removal of forests, disturbed the nat- ural balance of nature. We have made conditions extremely favorable for the rapid increase of certain noxious insects. Insect life increases at such an incredible rate that with no check of any kind everything green would soon disa]ipear, and in a sliort time the land would be uninhabitable. "On the other hand, it is a well known fact that certain of our most useful birds incrca.se as a result of the settlement of land. "Many birds are very tolerant of man, if reasonably protected and allowed to rear their young undisturbed. "In the earlier years of the settlement of the country, there did not exist the same need for watchfulness that is necessary today. "The problem of adef|uate food supply for the world is a part of the problem of the United States. One hundred years ago, very few men devoted even a small portion of their time to the studj' of insects in their relation to the food supply, or to the careful study of birds as the most effective check on the spreading of injurious insects. Today thousands of men and women are preparing earnestly for these very important studies, and the biological departments of our colleges and universities are of the most importance and popular in all parts of the United States. "The Illinois Audubon Society was organized less than twenty years ago by a few very earnest bird lovers in Chicago. Their pri- mary object was no doubt a humane desire to protect from dcstruc- \ 14 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY tiou the many beautiful birds that came in such great numbers to the woodlands and parks in and around Chicago. The time has come when a much greater field is open for it and similar societies, for in- telligent work for the protection of birds, not only for their beauty and wonderful songs, but as a vital factor in the economics of the country's food supply. ' ' The problem of the city bird lover is largely different from that of the farmer and the people of the smaller cities and villages. "The larger cities, particularly Chicago, are flooded with thou- sands of immigrants, to whom the United States means all sorts of liberty. License to kill birds, we understand, is in some parts of Southern Europe held out as a great inducement to prospective emi- grants in connection with cheaper living. Cheap firearms are sold everywhere, and Sundays and holidays during the summer mouths see each day a veritable 'armed host' scouring the prairies and woodlands ready to kill anything that flies. "Where transportation is cheap, these irresponsible shooters reach the farms, and not only trespass on the fields of growing grain, but shoot thousands of the farmers' best friends, the birds, or if no birds can be found, his domestic chickens, ducks or turkeys. "The problems of Illinois are those of Iowa and the other adjoin- ing prairie states. "No crop raised by the farmer is immune from insect foes. Many of these insects are so minute that they ordinarily escape the notice of the casual observer, yet the damage annually done on a single farm by these inconspicuous insects may run into large sums of money. ' ' The diif erent aphides or plant lice, whose life cycle is only a few days, increase with such astounding rapidity that the figures startle. "These soft small insects, of M-hich thousands could be held in one's hand, frequently cover the stems of their host plants completely. "The greatest enemy of the different aphides is the warbler fam- ily, which numbers among the twenty-five or thirty varieties that visit us many of our smallest birds. The number of insects that a pair of these little birds will consume for a single meal is almost beyond comprehension. "To better understand the ability of birds to check insects, it is necessary to know something of their marvelous powers of digestion. Birds fill themselves to running over with either weed seeds or insects so that frequently they are replete up to the bill. The process of diges- tion is so powerful and rapid that they can eat almost without stopping, many birds consuming an amount of food each day equal to about one-third of their own weight. "The temperature of birds and their circulation is much greater than that of other animals, consequently it is largely a matter of fuel enough to keep the machinery going properly. "Much painstaking work has been done recently in the State of Massachusetts in order to ascertain the effect that wild birds have on QUIXCY AXn ADAMS COUNTY 15 the awful insect pests wliieh have become so serious a piobicui in that state. "While the conditions in Illinois are vastly different from those in Massachusetts, the residts of the investigation should be of great interest to Illinois farmers. "It has been proven that almost without exception all birds have a good balance to their credit over and above the damage they do ; that even such conspicuously aggressive birds as the bluejay, grackle and crow have a large credit in assisting to destroj' both larvae and adults of the gypsy and brown-tailed moths. Such birds as feed on fruits — robins, catbirds, cedar birds and others — also devour enough insect pests to have the balance in their favor. "Many birds are peculiarly adapted to attend certain insects, and the birds have been very happily alluded to by one writer as the police of the orchard and garden. "The seed-eating birds, which include the sparrows and finches, destroy weeds by the million. Three morning doves' stomachs con- tained by actual count a total of 23,100 weed seeds, consumed at one meal. "All of the thrush family, of which the robin and bluebird are the best known members, are valuable insect destroyers. The fly- catchers, headed by tlic kingbird and phoebe, and containing about eighty nearly related species, the .swallows, martins, night hawk and chimneyswifts, are policemen of the air. "The towhee and many sparrows forage on the ground; the nut- hatches, woodpeckers and brown creepers take care of the trunk and branches; and the warblers and vireos examine the leaves and buds. The entire tree or shrub is thoroughly guarded. Out in the open, the meadow lark, bobolink, bobwhite, prairie chicken and many others keep tab on grasshoppers, crickets and myriads of other insects. No insect family escapes; it has an ardent, relentless foe in some bird. "Now, what is your duty to your bird friends? Make your prem- ises attractive. Furnish bird boxes or nests, feed the birds in winter; exterminate .stray cats; plant vines and shrubbery bearing fruits agreeable to birds; help to legislate against shooting; train the small boy to respect and love the birds and not to collect birds' eggs; teach him also to shoot with a field or opera glass. If a bird helps itself to a little of your fruit, before destroying the bird look up its record and see what insects he preys upon. "Observe closely the birds at nesting time and note the tireless energy with which the young birds eat, and then do a little calculat- ing by multiplying the number of times fed by the insects fed at a meal. "Read literature on the subject of bird conservation. Result: Sure and lasting conversion to the side of the birds. "Scientific men look with alarm'at the rapidly decreasing bird pop- ulation. The rapid increase of population, encroaching more and more 16 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY on the nesting places, lessens the available woodland and prairie where the birds may nest and not be disturbed. "Intelligent planting of shrubbery and vines along roadsides, as is contemplated by the Lincoln Highway movement, will in part over- come this condition. "Concerted efforts by states and at Washington for better bird protection, the education of all classes as to the beneficial part the bird has in our daily life, vigorous prosecution for violation of our present game laws, the taxing of cats, the encouragement of organiza- tions for bird study — all these are'necessai-y and important features of the gi'owing intelligent effort for bird conservation. "See that some one attends to the purchasing of good bird books for your public library ; offer prizes to your children for best observa- tions or well wi'itten papei's about birds, their habits and usefulness — these papers, or the best of them, to be published iu your local paper. "There is no reason why, iu this tremendous state, a powerful and concerted effort should not be made for bird conservation and pro- tection which would place the State of Illinois in the first rank in the Union for such work. "Nowhere in the entire United States is there a greater and more interesting bird migration, both spring and fall, than in this state. The state's length gives it a wonderfully interesting plant life and variety of climate. This, in part, explains its variety of bird life. "A very small sum as an individual contribution, if given by enough people, would maintain a paid expert whose duty might be that of state ornithologist. "There is a man in Massachusetts who gives his entire life and energy to this very important work, and whose book, 'Useful Birds and Their Protection,' is the last word in bird conservation." CHAPTER II WEALTH BASED OX THE SOIL The Kich Corx Belt — Eauly Attempts at Fruit Raising — Hog Raising and Pork Packing — Adams County Agricultural So- ciety — County Farmers' Institute Organized — The County's Farm Adviser — Work of the County Farm Improvement Asso- ciation — Present and Future of Agriculture. Numerous ageucies have been involved in the development of the industries of Adams County, based on the natural riehes of its soil, its good drainage and climatic advantages. In the earlier times, be- cause of the sparsely settled population and comparative poverty of the pioneers, all the efforts made toward the improvement of agri- cultural methods and the betterment of farming conditions were put forth by individuals — each man for himself. As the population and general prosperity increased, agricultural and horticultural societies were organized, the live stock men met and conferred as to the most approved ways of raising their hogs, cattle and sheep ; fairs were lield in different parts of the county, attended by the farmei-s and their families ; under Congressional laws the swamp lands in the American bottom commenced to come into the market and be systematically drained, while the county took up the matter, in behalf of the farms, in that and other tracts naturally subject to overflow, and lands formerly considered worthless were transformed into valuable farms; the farmers' institutes were founded ami ex- panded rapidly as educational forces in matters connected both with farming and the domestic life of rural communities; the good roads movement was born and developed in Adams County, first, tlirough rather dissipated efforts of neighborhoods and county legislation, and finally under the superintendent of highways; telephones and auto- mobiles became familiar objei-ts to hundreds of hou.sehokls, so that every member of a rural family was brought close to his neighbors and at the same fiine was in constant healthful contact with Nature, and finally Ijicle Sam himself, as he has a hearty way of doing, offered his warm hand and his efficient .services in the widespread co- operative measures which hail been gathering force during a period of eighty years and donated the county farm advi.ser, with the Farm Improvement Association and the Home Improvement As.sociation, as a vital factor in the great work of extracting every advantage and blessing pnssil)le from the fanner's effurts and the farmer's life. Vol. 1—2 1 - 18 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The Rich Corn Belt Adams County is in the geographical center of the great corn belt which extends across Northern and Central Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska. The soil is especially rich in nitrogen, that of the bottom lands containing nearly 8,000 pounds per acre. The bluff and prairie lands also carry about three-fourths as much nitrogen ; so that the county is one of the banner com sections of the state. It has been found that by such a rotation of crops as corn, oats, wheat, clover, and then "repeat," the soil may be kept live and fertile without applying commercial fertilizers to any marked extent. The average acreage of pasture lands is more than 50,000. Early Attempts at Fruit Raising Fruits were cultivated in Adams County about as early as corn and as soon as the first settlers commenced to raise hogs; but they Exhibit of Adams County Corn never flourished in any marked degi'ee as a leading and standard industry based on the soil. In the spring of 1820 John Wood made a journey on foot to a St. Louis orchard and brought home a pint of apple seed for which he paid a good dollar. He planted the lot and three of them took root. Afterwards he gathered seed from an orchard owned by a Frenchman on the other side of the river; or rather he extracted it from the apple pulp of a cider mill. Mr. Wood also obtained another lot from a poor family in the neighborhood to whom he had given a large quantity of maple sugar. From such sources he started the first orchard in the county on land at Quincy which he owned, between what are now Twelfth and Fourteenth and State and Kentucky streets. About the same time he planted some yriNCY AND ADA.MS (UU-NTV 19 peach stones, which were set out in his orchard in 1824, ami three years afterward was gathering fruit from both varieties of trees. Before the year 1832 Major Rose, Willard Keyes, James Dunn, Silas Beehe and others of the early settlers, including several in the eastern part of the county, had planted apple orchards. These trees were all seedlings, except about a dozen in Mr. Wood's orchard, and many of them were obtained from him. George Johnson, of Coluin- • bus. Deacon A. Scarborough and Clark Chatten, of Fall Creek, were among the pioneer fruit raisers. Mr. Scarborough introduced the Concord grape. Mr. Chatten was for thirty years the leading horti- culturist in the county, and in 1867 had the largest orchard in the state. At that time he had 240 acres devoted to apple trees and 187 acres, to peaches. The largest nursery was owned and conducted by "William Stewart, of Paj'son, who dealt in apple and peaeli trees, ornamental shrubs, flower seeds, etc. In 1852 he started a branch at Quincy. Although not large in quantity, Adams County fruit took pre- miums in exhibits made at the State Fair and before the American Pomologieal Society. In the early '60s Clark Chatten took the first J premium offered by the Illinois Agricultural Society for "the best cultivated orchard," and Henry Claj' Cupp, also of Fall Creek, shared the honors with him as the leading orehardist in the county. The horticulturists of Adams County, however, were few as com- pared with the fanners and raisers of live stock. Although several made a marked financial success at fruit raising, it was always con- sidered safer to follow it as a side line than as a regular avocation. A horticultural society was formed in 1867, but it languished, and later Jlr. Cupp formed the Mississippi Apple Growers Association at Quincy. Hog Raising and Pork Packing But from the earliest times, corn and hogs were considered "stand- bys." That combination made Quincy and the county quite famous as trade and commercial centers for many years. The most prom- inent figure in that field for several years was Capt. Nathaniel Pease, who came from Cleveland in 1833, although his family lived in Boston. He was an energetic, enterprising and popular Yankee, and his trip to Cleveland and Quincy gave him his first western experience. The captain purchased 300 hogs at Quincy, for which he paid about $15,000. He then had them slaughtered and packed, and sold the pork in the ea.stern markets at a handsome profit. This was the first exportation of pork from Adams County. In the fall of 1834 Captain Pease returned to Quincy with his family and settled permanently. During the packing season he put up 2,500 hogs, for which he paid from one to two cents a pound. His death occurred in 1836, and it was sincerely mourned by the home people with whom he had gained general respect and friendship. The next regular pork packer was 20 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Joel Eice, and Artemus Ward succeeded him. A hog averaged about 200 pounds in those days, but gradually increased in weight. In the fall of 1836-37 prices also advanced, and fanners were no longer satisfied with Bi/o cents per pound for their pork. But other places were destined to far outstrip Quincy as a packing center, and in the very heyday of her fame the figures were not star- tling. The number of hogs packed during the fifteen years, 1833-48, was as follows : 1833-34, 400 ; 1834-35, 3,500 ; 1835-36, 3,000 ; 1836-37, 5,000; 1837-38, 7,000; 1838-39, 6,000; 1839-40, 10,000; 1840-41, 10,000; 1841-42, 11,000; 1842-43, 12,000; 1843-44, 18,000; 1844-45, 10,000; 1845-46, 15,000; 1846-47, 12,000; 1847-48, 20,000. Adams County Ageicultur.vl Society The first organized movement among the farmers and citizens of Adams County to consolidate their sentiment regarding the ad- vancement of their affairs was in January, 1838. On the sixth of that month a meeting was organized at Columbus for the purpose of forming an agricultural society, at which Maj. J. H. Holton was appointed president and Richard W. Starr, secretary. Hon J. H. Ralston explained the object of the meeting and, with Dunbar Aldrich, Daniel Harrison, Lytle Griffing, Colman Talbot, Stephen Bootlie and James ^lurphy, was named to formulate a constitution. It was pre- sented and adopted at the same meeting, and the following officers were elected: Maj. J. H. Holton, president; J. H. Ralston, Daniel Harrison and Stephen Boothe, vice presidents ; R. W. Starr and Dun- bar Aldrich, secretaries; Col. M. Shuey, treasurer. It would appear that the society was largely of a social organization, and that little effort was at first made to prepare exhibits, as object lessons of progress made and suggestions of future improvements, and it was not until 1854 that the first regular fair was held under its auspices. On October 18th and 19th of that year a vacant tract between Sixth and Eighth, just north of Broadway, inclosed with a pile of fallen trees and brushwood, and closeh- guarded against the invasion of the village boys, was opened to the public. The exhibits and attendance were fully up to expectations, and for a number of years fairs were held by the society at various points in the county. But as time progressed sectional jealousies sapped the strength of the society, and the preponderance of the Quincy element brought about the or- ganization of the Quincy Fair Association. The latter, which pur- chased its own grounds many years ago, vii'tually crowded out the county organization. County Farmers' Institute Organized Tlie second striking advance in agricultural education was made in 1881 at the suggestion of the State Board of Agriculture, when "the Adams Count v Farmers' Institute was organized, bv the election QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 21 of George W. Dean as president, C. S. Hooth, secretary, and A. K. Wallace, treasurer. Mr. Dean himself writes a.s follows: "We had no way to support it except by the encouragement of such men as P. S. Judy (known as "Uncle Phil"), A. K. Wallace, W. A. Booth. S. N. Black and a number of others. With this support it became popular, and instructive meetings were held in October and ilay of each year. We used mostly home talent, securing an expert when we could do so. Our success encouraged other counties to organize and thus an interest was created throughout the state. But being satisfied that it would be impossible to get the best results from a farmei-s' institute at individual expense, a number of interested farm- ers met at the Leland Hotel, Springfield. Illinois, during the Thirty- Tk.\ctor .\t Work ox Adams County F\k.m ninth General Assembly and formulated the bill which chartered the. Illinois Farmers' Institute by an act of the General Assembly. This bill was placed in the hands of Col. Charles F. Mills to look after its passage. Colonel Mills placed the bill in charge of Hon. George W. Dean, then a member of the General As.sembly, with instructions to use all honorable means in his power to have it become a law. The bill was passed. It provided for a Farmers' Institute to be held in each county, not less than two days in each year. The next General As.sembly appropriated $50 to every county in the state that held an institute and holds one or more institutes each year. In every state in the Union the farmers' institute is protected by law. "The farmers employ the best available talent at their institutes, which makes it expensive, costing from $30 to $2")0 each. Considering this, the P"'orty-sceond General Assembly increase.:. ■■^ » <•• i^i^^^^ '•"'" HjUPfeliii - ^mm^ mm> ^msf^ j^p;. • ► ^^ Jtf' ilHi^ in^ 1^ ista^^ Arrow Heads from the Mississippi Valley commands a sweeping view of the city from the south, with the ^lis- sissippi River in the background. As to these structures of the days and ages long gone, illustrated by local remains, the late Gen. John Tillson, of Quincy, has written as follows, his paper being called forth by an editorial in the Quincy Commercial Review commenting on certain statements made by Doctor Rice before the Wisconsin Historical Society: "Editor Re- view — In your issue of February 16th reference is made to a report of Doctor Rice, of Wisconsin, in regard to the origin and use of the so-ealled mounds scattered throughout the Mississippi Valley, in which he asserts that the.y are the remains of huts — residences — and that their use as places of sepulture was by a later race than that which erected them. It is also said that this is a new theory. There is therefore a good deal that is probable and considerable that is in- correct. First, as to the novelty of the theory; it is not new. It has been the belief of the earlier examiners of these remains, long prior QUINCY AND ADA3IS COUNTY 33- to the birth of Doctor Rice of the Wisconsin Historical Society, that the great mass of the mouuds found in the "West (with an exception to be noted hereafter) were built for and used as residences — places for living — with occasionally a larger one for public use, such as a fort, place of worship or council. "The material of their construction may have been wood — now completely decayed — but much more probably was of earth, as, near most of the mounds, can be observed an excavation like that near a brick-kiln or a railroad embankment, from which the soil appears to have been removed. Jlost of these mounds have a depression in the center, just such as would appear where tlie walls of a building bad crumbled down and the roofs, of lighter material and less bulk, had dropped when less supported. If this theory is to be considered, the walls were of great thickness, for the reason that they were both the Jiouses and defenses of the frail, scattered fragments of an almost exterminated race — the race which research has almost conclusively proven of higher civilization than their successors — swept from ex- istence by the Indian. "The exception to which I allude above is this: That the iso- lated, conical mounds on high points of the bluffs were undoul)tedIy for burial purposes only. They were the monumental resting places of honored and eminent men ; and Doctor Rice is no doubt correct in his statement that the moldercd huts of these long-gone builders were used by a succeeding race as places of burial. This is an Indian cus- tom almost to the present day. But as to the other mounds, those not on the bluff peaks, their outline, so far as can be ascertained, is usually rectangular, with. the depression in the center above named. Their location, like those found near Bear Creek, Jlill Creek and in the Redmond field south of Quincy on land just above overflow, was ac- cessible from the river and yet concealed therefrom. The utensils found therein, and all the surroundings, point to the plausibility of their having been domestic abodes. "Another feature, sometimes noticeable, is that the tree growth from these mounds is often of a character unlike that found in the adjacent country ; the evident product of some nuts, seeds or vege- table l)rought from afar and left in the hut, sprouting and growing clusters of trees not natural to the soil around. "The examination of these vestiges of a long-gone race made half a century or more ago was more exhaustive and better based than any that can be made now. It was made by skilful, learned and curious men who saw them in far lietter preservation than they are at pres- ent, before civilization had aided time in their destruction and when, as is not the ease now, all the Indian traditional historj* was at hand to throw its wavering light upon the subject. The best-based theory heretofore generally accepted as to the past occupation of this con- tinent is that races existed here advanced in civilization beyond any that have succeeded them, until its discover^' by Europeans; races contemporan- in improvement with Greece and Rome, but f;ir oaMier 34 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY in point of time; and that they were swept from supremacy by a vandalism such as burst upon Europe centuries ago; that, just as theirs was inferior to European civilization, so more effectually have their memorials been extinguished and, unlike European civilization, no sufScient vitality remained to conquer their conquerors. "The mound builders were the probable successors of a more highly cultivated stock, the remains of whose existence are found throughout Southern North America. In time, they were swept from the land by the modern Indian, whose centuries of existence, even before the withering presence of the white man premonished his extermination, have been marked by no solitary evidence of ad- vancement (Not applicable to the present statue of the educated Indian of Oklahoma and other sections of the United States — Ed- itor). That the Indian built none of these mounds except those on the heights before mentioned is almost sure; that they have made use of those built by their predecessors is equally certain; and that most of these mounds were houses or forts is more than probable. ' ' It is recorded that Marquette and Joliet met many Indian tribes in their journeys of discovery in the Mississippi Valley, whose vil- lages were scattered along its high eastern bluffs, and it is certain that about July, 1673, the pious and intrepid priest at least passed the site of the present city of Quincy. Whether he actually landed in tliat locality is not known. The Indians found in Illinois by Marquette and Joliet belonged to the Algonquin family ; and there was undying hatred between the Iroquois of the East and Algonquius of the Northwest. The Illixois Indian Confederacy The Illinois Indians formed a loose confederacy of about half a dozen tribes, the chief of which were the Metchigamis, the Kaskas- kias, the Peorias, the Cahokias and the Taraaroas. In addition, there were the Piankashaws, the Weas, the Kickapoos, the Shawnees and probably other tribes, or remnants, who occupied Illinois soil for longer or shorter periods. The first iive tribes are probably all who should be included in the Illinois Confederacy. The Metchigamies were found along the Mis.sissippi River. Their principal settlement was near Fort Chartres. They also lived in the vicinity of Lake Michigan, to which they gave their name. They were allies of Pontiac in the war of 1764, and perished with other members of the Illinois Confederacy on Starved Rock, in 1769. The Kaskaskias were originally found along the upper courses of the Illinois River, and it was among the members of this tribe that Marquette planted the first mission in Illinois. They moved from the upper Illinois to the mouth of the Kaskaskia River in 1700, and founded there the old City of Kaskaskia, which eventually became the center of French life in the interior of the continent. During the following century the Kaskaskias occupied the region at and Illinois Indians at Beginning of the Nineteenth Century 36 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY about their city, but in 1802 were almost exterminated by the Shaw- nees at the battle near the Big Muddy, Saline County. The Kaskas- kias afterward moved to a reservation on the lower Big Muddy, and eventually to the Indian Territory. The Cahokia and Tamaroa ti-ibes were merged with the Kaskaskias under one chief. The Peorias made their home in the region of Lake Peoria and were always quiet and peaceable. The Piaukashaws, a small tribe of the iliami confederation, first resided in Southeastern Wisconsin, and after the misadventure at Starved Rock moved to the Wabash River, and eventually to a Kansas reservation and to the Indian Territory. They were alwaj's very friendly to the white settlers. Although the Miamis and the Pottawatomies were familiar to the early settlers of Western Illinois and Adams County, they were not settled representatives of the red men in those sections of the state, but rather made their appearance as warriors or hunters. The Kickapoos seemed to have been intimatelj- associated with the Miamis and Pottawatomies in the Indian campaigns against St. Clair, Wayne and Taylor. They were bold marauders and warriors, and were in special force at the batttle of Tippecanoe. They were scattered throughout the Illinois country, but for fifty years before the Edwardsville treaty of 1819 held strong sway over the eastern part of what is now the state, and in the late '20s, when the bulk of the first permanent white settlers were arriving in the present Adams County, still occupied the soil of that region with undis- puted title to its possession among the people of their own race. They were also located at some localities along the Mississippi. The Kickapoos, as a tribe, first acknowledged the authority of the United States at the treaty mentioned, which was signed July 30, 1819. A month later, the Government concluded a treatj^ at Vin- eennes with a smaller division of the Kickapoos, known as the tribes of the Vermilion River, who chiefly claimed territoi'y embracing the county by that name. Thus relinquishing all title to their lands in Illinois, the Kickapoos honorably observed their contracts and moved as a body to their western lands, although weak remnants of the tribe lingered until the early '30s on several favorite camping grounds. A few' of them were also found wandering along the shores of the Mis- sissippi. The location of the mounds in the neighborhood of the Quiney bluffs points to the facts that its commanding site gave it favor as a residence and center of primitive people. When the first settlers commenced to locate in the early '20s the Indians were quite nu- merous in the neighborhood, and some time before they had quite a village there. It had been often sighted by the lumbermen as they floated past on their rafts as well as by half-breed boatmen and their Indian crews. The latter were usually composed of Sacs and Kicka- poos. It is probable that the Indian village on the site of Quiney consisted largely of Kickapoos, Ql'IXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ' 37 "Poor One Kickapoo Me" A story is told by one of the early river men who frequeuted the locality before Quiiicy was placed on the map that upon one occasion in coming up the Mississippi River, about opposite the present site of the place, the Sac boatmen (and they were all of that tribe, ex- cept one Kickapoo) heard that one of their people had been killed by the Kickapoos. It was solemnly decided by the Saukces that the solitary Kickapoo among them must be killed in retaliation. So they informed the trembling Indian that be must die. He was allowed to go into the woods (the boat then being tied up at the shore) and sing his death song, his captors watching him closely to be sure that he did not escape. The white man, who was the owner of the cargo of goods and who told the story, said that he never heard such doleful strains as came from the poor Kickapoo, who supposed he was sing- ing his death song. The words, in broken English, were mainly these: "O-o-o. poor one Kickapoo mc; whole heap of Saukcel O-o-o, poor one Kickapoo me, whole, whole heap of Saukee ! O-o-o, poor one Kickapoo me, whole, whole, whole heap of Saukee!" The nar- rator did not at first realize the bloody intentions of the Sacs, but, when he did, managed to effect the escape of "poor one Kickapoo me." Commenting on this story, a writer sympathetically adds: "I have never, since hearing tliis story, seen a crowd set upon one man without any justification, but what I have thought of that one poor Kickapoo surrounded by a whole heap of Saukees." CHAPTER IV COUNTY HISTORY IX THE MAKING Under French Dominion — Joleet and I\Iarquette on Illinois Soil — ^Legendary I\Ionsters of the Mississippi Valley — The "Piasa" Bird — Marquette and Joliet Get Desired Information — Return Via the Illinois River — Last Days op RLvrquette — La S^ille Consolidates French Empire in America — Brave and F^uthful ToNTi — Commercial Venture into Illinois Country — Afloat on THE Kankakee — La Salle Meets the ILvskaskia Indians — Builds Fort Crevecoeur Below Peoria— Sends Father Henne- pin to Upper IMississippi — The Disasters at Starved Rock and Fort Crevecoeur — La Salle's Second Voyage — At the Mouth of the Mississippi — Messenger Sent to France — Deaths of La Salle and Tonti — Permanent Pioneer Settlements of Illinois — Fort Chartres, Center of Illinois District — First Land Grant in District — Life at the Pioneer French Illinois Settlements — Under the Crown and the Jesuits — Kaskaskia, Illinois Jesuit Center — Fortunate and Progressive Illinois — The English Invade the Ohio V.u^ley — French Rebuild Fort Chartres — Illinois Triumphs Over Virginl\ — New Fort Chartres in British Hands — First English Court of Law in Illinois Country — Pontiac Buried at St. Louis — L.vst of Fort Chartres — "Long Knives" Capture Kaskaskia — Did Not War on "Women ^ustd Children" — Bloodless Capture op Cahokia AND VlNCENNES — ClARk's LiTTLE ArMY REORGANIZED COMBINED Military and Civil Jurisdiction — County of Illinois, West of the Ohio River — Col. John Todd, County Lieutenant- American Civil Government Northwest of the Ohio — Illinois as a Territory — Bond Law Protect^ Home Seekers — State Ma- chinery Set in IMotion — Illinois Counties in 1818 — Wild Cat Banking — Slavery Question Again — The Famous Sangamon Country — Duncan and the Free School Law — Illinois Inter- nal Improvements — Capital Moved to Springfield — Remains of Internal Improvement System — Constitution of 1848 — Legis- lative Lessons Through Experience — Real Wild Cat Banks — National Banks Force Out Free Banks — The Constitution of 1870. As tlie greater includes the less, the past enlightens the present and, with the enveloping background kept in mind, the present is prophetic of the future, the study even of somewhat restricted history has gath- 38 QUIXCY AXU ADAilS COUNTY 39 ercd both dignity and charm. Therefore it is that to fully uiuicrstaiid the storj' of Adams County development, the writer of today feels called upon to preface it by creating a background of general history dealing with the explorations and discoveries of the Mississippi Valley, and the evolution therein of French, English and American phases of civilization. Thus the Illinois Country, Illinois County, Illinois Ter- ritorj', Illinois State and Adams County gradually evolve, and the reader is prepared to consider the details of that section of the com- monwealth with broad understanding and a deeper interest than if he had been suddenly cast into the minutise of the subject. Under French Dominion What was the old Northwest Territory, between the Ohio and the Mississippi rivers, and what are now the State of Illinois and Adams County remained under French dominion for nearly a century — from the historic voyages of ^larquette and Joliet, in 1672-73, to the sur- render of Fort Chartres to the English in 1765. These pioneers of French discovery revealed to the world two great waterways from their northern domain to the portentous Father of Watei-s, which was discovered to cleave a new continent in twain, instead of being either diverted to the South Seas or the Atlantic Ocean. Their as- cent of the Illinois, on their return voyage, as a shorter and easier route between the Great Lakes and the Great River, was significant of the commencement of an era which marked the trend of the most wonderful development in North America of everj- material and in- tellectual force which advances the civilization of the white man of the "Western Hemisphere. The grand march of French exploration and discover}' up the valley of the St. Lawrence, through Cartier and Cliamplain; around the fringes of the upper Great Lakes and gradually into the out- lying country by the same far-seeing, brave and patriotic Chaini)laiii ; the wonderful combination of church and state, which penetrated the wilderness, subdued its savages both by the mysteries of Catholi- cism, gentle and brotherly offices and the pageantry of a gorgeous government — all these successive steps leading to the voyages of Mar- quette and Joliet which drove the wedge into the very center of the American continent and commenced to let in the light of the world, have been so often told that they comprise the common knowledge of the reading universe. Joliet .\nd ^I.vrquette on Illinois Soil A landing on Illinois soil wa.s effected on their trip down the Mississippi, in June, 1673. On the 17th of that month their canoes, containing Joliet, Marquette, five French l)oatmen, or voyagours, and two Indian guides, shot from the mouth of th<' Wiseonsin into the broad Mississippi. The voyagers were filled with a joy unspeakable. ^Iarquettk in the Illinois (.uuntky QUIXCY AND ADA^klS COUNTY 41 The jouruey now begau down the stream without any ceremony. Marquette made accurate observations of the lay of the land, the vegetation and the animals. Among the animals he mentions are deer, moose, and all sorts of tisli, turkeys, wild cattle, and small game. Somewhere, probably below Rock Island, the voyagers discovered footprints and they knew that the Illinois were not far away. Mar- quette and Joliet left their boats in the keeping of the live French- men and after prayers they departed into the interior, following the tracks of the Indians. They soon came to an Indian village. The chiefs received the two whites with very great ceremony. The peace pipe was smoked and Joliet, who was trained in all the Indian lan- guages, told them of the purpose of their visit to this Illinois country. A chief responded and after giving the two whites some presents, among which were a calumet and an Indian slave boy, the chief warned them not to go further down the river, for great dan- gers awaited them. ^larquette replied that they did not fear death and nothing would please them more than to lose their lives in God's sers'ice. After promising the Indians they would come again, they retired to their boats, accompanied by 600 warriors from the village. They departed from these Indians about the last of June and were soon on their journey down the river. Legendary Monsters op the Mississippi V.vlley As they moved southward the bluffs became quite a marked feature of the general landscape. After passing the mouth of the Illinois River, they came to unusually high bluffs on the Illinois side of the Mississippi. At a point about six miles above the present City of Alton, they discovered on the high smooth-faced bluffs a very strange object, which Marquette describes as follows: "As we coasted along the rocks, frightful for their height and length, we saw two monsters painted on these rocks, which startled us at tirst, and on which the boldest Indian dare not gaze long. They are as large as a calf, with horns on the head like a deer, a frightful look, red eyes, bearded like a tiger, the face somewhat like a man's, the body covered with scales and the tail so long that it twice makes the turn of the body, passing over the head and down between the legs, and ending at last in a fish's tail. Green, red, and a kind of black are the colors employed. On the whole, these two monsters are so well painted that we could not believe any Indian to have been the designer, as good painters in France would find il hard to do as well ; besides this, they are so high upon the rock that it is hard to get conveniently at them to paint them." The "Pias.v" Bird In an early day in Illinois, the description of these monsters was quite current in the western i)art "f the state. So also was a tra- 42 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY dition that these monsters actually inhabited a great cave near. It described, however, but a single monster and but a single picture. The tradition said that this monster was a hideous creature with wings, and great claws, and great teeth. It was accustomed to devour every living thing which came within its reach; men, women, and children, and animals of all kinds. The Indians had suffered great loss of their people from its i-avages, and a council of war was held to devise some means by which its career might be ended. Among other schemes for its extermination was a proposition by a certain young warrior to the effect that upon the departure of the beast on one of its long flights for food he would volunteer to be securely tied to stakes on the ledge in front of the mouth of the cave, and that a sufficient number of other warriors of the tribe should be sta- tioned near with their poisoned arrows so that when the bird should return from its flight they might slay it. The Piasa Bird This proposition was accepted and on a certain day the bird took its accustomed flight. The young warrior who offered to sacrifice his life was securely bound to strong stakes in front of the mouth of the cave. The warriors who were to slay the beast were all safely hidden in the rocks and debris near. In the afternoon the monster was seen returning, from its long journey. Upon lighting near its cave, it discovered the young warrior and immediately attacked him, fastening its claws and teeth in his body. The thongs held him securely and the more it strove to escape with its prey the more its claws became entangled in the thongs. At a concerted moment the warriors all about opened upon the monster with their poisoned arrows, and before the beast could extri- cate itself, its life blood was ebbing away. Its death had been com- passed. The warriors took the body and, stretching it out as to get a good picture of it, marked the form and painted it as it was seen by Marquette. Because the tribes of Indians had suffered such QIIXCV AND ADA.MS COUNTY 43 destruction of life by tiiis monster, an edict went forth that every warrior who went by this bluff should discharge at least one arrow at the painting. This the Indians continued religiously to do. In later yeai-s when guns displaced the arrows among the Indians, they continued to shoot at the painting as they passed and thus it is said the face of the painting was greatly marred. Judge Joseph Gillespie, of Kdwardsville, Illinois, a proliHe writer and a man of unimpeachable character wrote in 1883 as follows: "I saw what was called the picture sixty years since, long before it was marred by quarrymen or the tooth of time, and I never saw any- thing which would have impressed my mind that it was intended to represent a bird. I saw daubs of coloring matter that I supposed exuded from the rocks that might, to very impressible people, bear some resemblance to a bird or a dragon, after they were told to look at it in that light, just as we fancy in certain arrangements of the stars we see animals, etc., in the constellations. I did see the marks of the bullets shot by the Indians against the rocks iu the vicinity of the so-called picture. Their object in shooting at this I never could comprehend. I do not think the story had its origin among the Indians or was one of their supei-stitions, but was introduced to the literary world by John Russell, of Bluff Dale, Illinois, who wrote a beautiful story about it." The bluff has long since disappeared through the use of the stone for building purposes. Marquette .\xd Joliet Get Desired Ixform.vtion As Marquette and Joliet proceeded down the river they passed the mouth of the Missouri, which at that time was probably subject to a great flood. When considerably below the mouth of the Kaskaskia River they came to a very noted object — at least the Indians had many stories about it. This is what is known today as the Grand Tower. This great rock in the Mississippi causes a gi'cat commotion in the water of the river and probabh- was destructive of canoes in those days. On they went down the river past the mouth of the Ohio, into the region of semi-tropical sun and vegetation. The cane-brakes lined the banks, and the mosquitoes became plentiful and very annoying. Here also, probably in the region of ^reinphis, they stopped and held councils with the Indians. They found the Indians using guns, axes, Iioes, knives, beads, etc., and when questioned as to where they got these articles, they said to the eastward. These Indians told the trav- elers that it was not more than ten days' travel to the mouth of the river. They proceeded on down the river till they reached Choctaw Bend, in latitude 33 degrees and 40 mimites. Here they stopped, held a conference, and decided to go no fuither. They justified their return in the following maimer: First, they were satisfied that the Missis-sippi emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, 44 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY and not into the Gulf of California, nor the Atlantic Ocean in Vir- ginia. Second, they feared a conflict with the Spaniards, who occu- pied and claimed the Gulf coast. Third, they feared the Indians of the Lower Mis.sissippi, for they used firearms and might oppose their further progress south. Fourth, they had acquired all the informa- tion they started out to obtain. Return via the Illinois River And so, on the 17th of July, 1674, they turned their faces home- ward. They had been just two months, from May 17th to July 17th, on their journey. They had traveled more than a thousand miles. They had faced all forms of danger and had undergone all manner of hardships. Their provisions had been obtained en route. France owed them a debt of gratitude which will never be fully paid. Indeed not only France, but the world is their debtor. Nothing of interest occurred on their return journey until they reached the mouth of the Illinois River. Here they were told by some Indians that there was a much shorter route to Green Bay than by way of the Upper Mississippi and the Wisconsin and Fox portage. This shorter route was up the Illinois River to the Chicago poi'tage, thence along Lake Michigan to Green Bay. Marquette and Joliet proceeded up the Illinois River. When passing by Peoria Lake they halted for three days. While here Marquette preached the gospel to the natives. Just as Marquette was leaving they brought him a dying child which he baptized. When in the vicinity of Ottawa, they came to a village of the Kas- kaskia Indians. Marquette says there were seventy-four cabins in the village and that the Indians received them kindly. They tarried but a short time and were escorted from this point up the Illinois and over the Chicago portage by one of the Kaskaskia chiefs and several young warriors. While in the village of the Kaskaskias, Marquette told the story of the Cross to the natives, and they were so well pleased with it that they made him promise to return to teach them more about Jesus. Marcjuette and Joliet reached Green Bay in the month of September, 1673. Probably they both remained here during the ensuing winter. In the summer of 1674, Joliet returned to Quebec to make his report to the governor. On his way down the St. Lawrence, his boat upset and he came near losing his life. He lost all his maps, papers, etc., and was obliged to make a verbal report to the governor. Last Days op Marquettte Father Marquette remained in the mission of St. Francois Xavier through the summer of 1674; and late in the fall started on his jouniey back to Kaskaskia. The escort consisted of two Frenchmen and some Indians. They reached the Chicago portage in the midst Ql'INCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 4.3 of discouraging uiriumstaneo.s. The weather was severe and Father Marquette, sick uuto death, was unable to proceed further. On the banks of the Chicago Kivcr they built some huts and here the part}' remained till spring. During the winter Father Marquette did not suffer for want of attention, for he was visited bj- a number of Indians and iiy at least two prominent Frenchmen. By the la.st of ]\Iarch he was able to travel. He reached the Kas- kaskia Village .Monday, April 8, 1675. He was received with gi-eat joy by the Indians. He established the mission of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin. Seeing he could not possibly live long, he returned to St. Iguace by way of the Kankakee portage. He never lived to reach Mackinaw. He died the 18th of ^May, 1675. This expedition by ilarquette and Joliet had carried the lilies of France nearly to the Gulf of Mexico. The Indians in the great plains between the Great Lakes and the gnlf had been visited and the re- sources of the countrj- noted. There remained but a slight strip of territory over which the banner of France had not floated, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. If this short dis- tance were explored, then the French government would have com- pletely surrounded the English colonies in North America. Chevalier de La Salle came to America in the year 1667. Shortly after arriving in this country he established himself as a fur trader at a trading post called La Chine, on the Island of Jlontreal. Here he came. in contact with the Indians from the Far West. Within two years he had departed on an exploration. For the next two or three years he had probably visited the Ohio River and had become quite familiar with the country to the south and west of the Great Lakes. L.\ S-VLLE CONSOLID.MES FrENCH EmPIRE IX AMERIC.V Count Frontenac built a fort on the shore of Lake Ontario where the lake sends its waters into the St. Lawrence River. La Salle was put in charge of this fort. He named it Fort Frontenac. The pur- pose of this fort was to control the fur trade, especially that from up the Ottawa, and prevent it from going to New York. In 1674 La Salle went to France and while there was raised to the rank of a nol)le. The king was greatly pleased with the plans of La Salle and readily granted him the seigniory- of Fort Fi-ontenae, together with a large quantity of land. For all this La Salle promised to keep the fort in repair, to maintain a garrison equal to that of Montreal, to clear the land, put it in a state of cultivation, and continually to keep arms, ammunition and artillery in the fort. He further agived to pay Count Frontenac for the erection of the fort, to build a church, attract Indians, make grants of land to settlers and to do all for the ultimate purpose of furthering the interest of the French government. La Salle returned from France and was perhaps at Fort Frontenac when Joliet passed down the lakes in the summer of 1674. The next 46 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY year he began the improvement of his fort. For two years he pros- ecuted a thriving trade with the Indians and also engaged in farming, ship-building, cattle-raising, and study. The fall of 1678 found him in France with a request that the king grant him permission to explore the western part of New France and if possible find the mouth of the Mississippi River. La Salle had matured plans by which New France was to be connected with the western country by a line of strong fortifications. Fort Prontenac was the first step in this plan. He there explained how easy it would be to reach the region of the Great Lakes by the St. Lawrence route or by the Mississippi. There is no doubt that both Frontenac and La Salle wished to transfer the emphasis from the converting of the Indians to that of the conquest of teri-itory for France, and to the more profitable business, as they saw it, of commerce. Frontenac had therefore strongly endorsed La Salle and his plans. Through Colbert and his son. La Salle succeeded in getting his patent from the king. Brave and Faithful Tonti While in France La Salle met Henri de Tonti, an Italian who had just won distinction in the French army. His father had been engaged in an insurrection in Italy and had taken refuge in France where he became a great financier, having originated the Tontine system of life insurance. Henri de Tonti had lost a hand in one of the campaigns, but he was nevertheless a man of great energj', and destined to win for himself an honored name in the New World. La SaUe returned to New France in 1678, bringing with him about thirty craftsmen and mariners, together with a large supply of military and naval stores. It can readily be seen that La Salle would be opposed by the merchants and politicians in the region of Quebec and Montreal. He had risen rapidly and was now ready to make one of the most pretentious eiforts at discovery and exploration that had been undertaken in New France. Late in the fall of 1678, probably in December, he sent Captain La Motte and sixteen men to select a suitable site for the building of a vessel with which to navigate the upper lakes. Captain La Motte stopped at the rapids below Niagara Falls and seems to have been indifferent to his mission. La Salle and Tonti arrived the 8th of January, 1679. The next day La Salle went above the falls, probably at Tonawanda Creek, and selected a place to construct the vessel. Tonti was charged with building the vessel. It was launched in May, 1679, and was christened the Griffin (Griffon). It was forty- five to fifty tons burden and carried a complement of five cannon, and is supposed to have cost about $10,000. An expedition of traders had been dispatched into the Illinois country for the purpose of traffic, in the fall of 1678. Tonti and a small party went up Lake Erie and were to await the coming of the La Salle Starts for the Illinois CouNTRy 48 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Griffin at the head of the lake. The Griffin weighed anchor August 7, 1679, amid the booming of cannon and the chanting of the Te Deum. It arrived at what is now Detroit on the 10th, and there found Tonti and his party. The vessel reached Mackinaw on the 27th of August. Here La Salle found the men whom he had dispatched the year before to traffic with the Indians. He found they had been dissuaded from proceeding to the Illinois country by the report that La Salle was visionary and that his ship would never reach Mackinaw. Tonti was given the task of getting these men together, and while he was thus engaged, La Salle sailed in the Griffin for Green Bay. Green Bay had been for several years a meeting place between white traders and explorers, and the Indians. When La Salle reached the point, he found some of the traders, whom he had sent ahead the year before. These traders had collected from the Potta- watomies large quantities of furs. For these furs La Salle exchanged a large stock of European goods with Vhich the Griffin was loaded. It is said that he made a large sum of money in this transaction. The Griffin was loaded with these furs and made ready to return to the warehouses at Niagara. « Commercial Venture into Illinois Country On September 18th, the Gi'iffiu, in charge of a trusted pilot, a supercargo and five sailors, started on the return voyage. La Salle on the 19th of September, 1679, with a company of fourteen persons in four birch bark canoes, loaded with a blacksmith's forge, car- penter's tools, merchandise, arms, provisions, etc., started on his journey for the Illinois country. He coasted along the western shore of Lake iliehigau. Their provisions were exhausted before they reached the present site of Milwaukee. They had been forced ashore three times to save their boats and their lives. They now went in search of food and fortunately found a deserted Indian village with plenty of corn. They appropriated the corn, but left some articles as pay. The next day the Indians returned and fol- lowed the whites to their boats and it was only by presenting the calumet that La Salle was able to appease them. From Milwaukee they coasted south past the mouth of the Chicago River and following the southerly bend of the lake reached the mouth of the St. Joseph River November 1, 1679. ' This had been appointed as the meeting place of the two expeditions — the one under La Salle and the one under Tonti. La Salle was anxious to get to the Illinois country, but he also desired the help of Tonti, and as the latter had not yet arrived, La Salle occupied the time of his men in building a palisade fort which he named Fort Miami. Near by, he erected a bark chapel for the use of the priests, and also a storehouse for the goods which the Griffin was to bring from Niagara on its return. Tonti arrived at Fort Miami on the 12th of November with only a portion of his company, the rest remaining behind to bring word QUIXCY AND AD.\iIS COUNTY 49 of the GriflSn. La Salle was not impatient to proceed, and dispatch- ing Tonti for the rest of his crew waited for his return. The ice began to form and fearing the freezing over of the river, La Salle ascended the St. Joseph in search of the portage between the Kan- kakee and the St. Joseph. He went up the St. Joseph beyond the portage and while searching for it was overtaken by a courier who told him Tonti and his party were at the portage farther down the river. This point is supposed to have been near the present city of South Bend, Indiana. Here was now assembled the party which was to become a very historic one. There were in all twenty-nine Frenchmen and one Lidian. Among them were La Salle, De Tonti, Fatliers Louis Hennepin, Zonobc :Membre, Gabriel de La Ribourde, La Metairie (a notary) and De Loup, the Indian guide. They crossed the portage of three or four miles under great difficulties, dragging their canoes and their burdens on sledges. The ice was getting thick and a heavy snow storm was raging. Afloat on the Kank.vkee By the 6th of December. 1679, the expedition wa.s afloat on the Kankakee. For many miles the eountiy was so marshy that scarcely a camping place could be found, but soon its members emerged into an open region of the country, with tall grass and then they knew they were in the Illinois eountrj-. They suffered from lack of food, having killed only two deer, one buffalo, two geese, and a few swans. As they journeyed on they pas.sed the mouths of the Iroquois, the Des Plaines, and the Fox. They passed the present site of Ottawa and a few miles below they came to the Kaskaskia village where ilar- quette had planted the mission of the Immaculate Conception in the summer of 1675. Father Allouez had succeeded Marquette and had spent some time at the Ka.skaskia village in 1676. and in 1677 he returned. But on the approach of La Salle, Allouez had departed, for it was understood that almost all of the Jesuit priests were opposed to La Salle's plans of commercializing the interior of North America. The Kaskaskia Indians were themselves alisent from the village on an expedition to the Southland, as was their winter custom. La Salle Meets the Kaskaskia Ixdiaxs This Kaska.skia village of four hundred lodges was uninhabited. The huts were built by covering a long arbor-like frame work with mats of woven rushes. In each lodge there was room for as many as ten families. In their hiding places, the Indians had secreted large quantities of corn for the spring planting and for sustenance until another crop could be raised. La Salle's party was so sorely in need of this com that he decided to appropriate as much as they needed. This he did. taking 30 minots. On January 1. 1680. after ma.ss by Father Hennepin, they departed do\ni the Illinois River. On the Vol. 1-4 50 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY morning of the 5th they had arrived at the outlet of what we call Peoria Lake. Here they saw large numbers of boats and on the banks wigwams and large numbers of Indians. The Indians were much disconcerted upon seeing La Salle's party land, and many fled while a few held communication with the new comers. La Salle held a consultation with the chiefs and told them of his taking their corn and said that if he were compelled to give up the com he would take his blacksmith and his tools to the next tribe, the Osages, whereupon the Indians gladly accepted pay for the corn taken and offered more. La Salle told them he wished to be on friendly terms with them, but that they must not expect him to engage in conflicts with the Iroquois whom his king regarded as his children. But if they would allow him to build a fort near, that he would defend them, the Kas- kaskias, against the Iroquois if they were attacked. He also told them he wished to know whether he could navigate a large boat from that point to the mouth of the Mississippi River, since it was very difficult as well as dangerous to bring such European goods as the Indians would like to have from New France by way of the Great Lakes, and that it could not well be done by coming across the Iroquois country, as they would object, since the Illinois Indians and the Iroquois were enemies. The Kaskaskia chiefs told La Salle that the mouth of the Missis- sippi was only twenty days' travel away and that there were no, obstructions to navigation. Certain Indian slaves taken in battle said that they had been at the mouth of the river and that they had seen ships at sea that made noises like thunder. This made La Salle more anxious to reach the mouth of the river and take possession of the country. The chiefs gave consent to the construction of the fort and La Salle had a bright vision before him. This vision was sadly clouded on the morrow when an Indian revealed to him the visit to the chiefs, on the night before, of a Miami chief by the name of Monso who tried to undermine the influence of La Salle. He said La Salle was deceiving them. In a council that day he revealed his knowledge of the visit of ^lonso and by great diplomacy won the Kaskaskia chief to his cause the second time. It was supposed this chief Monso was sent at the suggestion of Father Allouez. Four of La Salle's men deserted him and returned to the region of Lake Michigan. Builds Fort Crevecoeur Below Peori.\ La Salle, fearing the influence of the stories among the Indians, upon his men, decided to separate from them and go further down the river where he could construct his fort and built his boat. On the evening of the 15th of January, 1680, La Salle moved to a point on the east side of the river three miles below the present site of Peoria. There on a projection from the bluffs he built with considerable labor Ql'INCY AND ADAMS COUXTY 51 a fort whicli received the name of Creveeoeur. This was the fourth of the great chain of forts which La Salle had constructed, namely: Fort Frontenac at the outlet of Lake Ontario; Fort Tonti on the Niagara River; Fort ^liami at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, and Creveeoeur below Lake Teoria on the Illinois River. Fort Creveeoeur is currently believed to have been so named because of the disheartened frame of mind of La Salle, but this would not be complimentary to the character of the man. It is now rather believed to have been so named in honor of Tonti, since as a soldier in the Netherlands he took part in the destruction of Fort Creveeoeur near the Village of Bois le Due in the year 1672. In addition to the building of the fort, La Salle began the con- struction of a vessel with which to complete his journey to the mouth of the river. The lumber was sawed from the timber and rapid progress was made. The keel was 42 feet long, and the beam was 12 feet. While this work was in progress and during the month of Februarj' several representatives of tribes from up the ^lissis-sippi and down the Mississippi, as well as from the ^liamis to the North- east, came to consult with La Salle. His presence in the Illinois country was known near and far. The Indians from the Upper Mississippi brought tempting descriptions of routes to the western sea, and al.so of the wealth of beaver with which their country abounded. Sends Father Hennepin to Upper Mississippi La Salle desired to make a visit to Fort Frontenac for sails, cordage, iron, and other material for his boat; besides he was very an.xious to hear something definite about the Griflfin and its valuable cargo. But before embarking on his long journey he fitted out an expedition consisting of IMichael Ako, Antony Auguel, and Father Hennepin, to explore the Upper Mississippi. Michael Ako was the leader. They started February 29th, passed down the Illinois River and thence up the Mississippi. They carried goods worth a thou- sand livre.s, which were to be exchanged for furs. Father Hennepin took St. Anthony for his patron saint, and when near the falls which we know by that name he set up a post, upon which he engraved the cross and the coat of arms of France. He was shortly captured by the Indians, and was later released by a French trader, De Lhut. He then returned to France. The Dis.vster .\t St.\rved Rock .\nd Fort CRE^'EcoEt'R Before starting for Frontenac, La Salle commissjoiifd Tonti to have charge of the Creveeoeur fort, and also to build a fort at Starved Rock. On March 1st, the day following the departure of Ako and Hennepin for the Tapper Mississippi, La Salle departed, with three companions, for Fort Frontenac. This was a long, dangerous, and 52 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY discouraging journey. Every venture wliieli he had engaged in seems to have failed. After finally getting together supplies such as were needed he started on his return journey. He was continually hearing stories from the travelers of the desertion of Crevecoeur. When he came within a few miles of the Kaskaskia village he began to see signs of destruction. On arriving at the village, nothing but a few blackened posts remained. The Iroquois Indians had made a campaign against the Illinois Indians, aud their trail could be traced by death and destruction. When La Salle left the locality of Starved Rock for Fort Creve- coeur, on his way from Canada, he passed the Iroquois on one side of the river, and the Illinois on the other. He searched everywhere for Tonti, but could find no trace of him. He came to Crevecoeur about December 1, 1680, and found the fort deserted and the store- house plundered; the boat, however, was without damage. La Salle went to the mouth of the Illinois River in search of Tonti, but with- out success. He returned to Fort Miami in the spring of 1681. Here he began the organization of all the Indian tribes into a sort of confederation. La S-^lle's Second Voyage Upon the approach of the Iroquois, shortly after the departure of La Salle from Fort Crevecoeur, in March, 1680, Tonti and his party were scattered far and near. Tonti and Father Membre made their way to Green Bay, and from there to Mackinaw. La Salle heard of them here and went immediately to them. Another expedi- tion was organized. La Salle, Father Membre and Tonti visited Fort Frontenac, where supplies were procured, and late in December, 1681, the expedition had crossed the Chicago portage. There were in this company fifty-four people — twenty-three Frenchmen and thirty- one Indians. They passed the Kaskaskia Village near Starved Rock, but it was in ruins. On January 25, 1682, they reached Fort Crevecoeur. The fort vtSLS in fair condition. Here they halted six days, while the Indians made some linn bark canoes. They reached the Mississippi February 6th. After a little delay the}'- proceeded down the river, passed the mouth of the ^Missouri, and shortly after that a village of the Tamaroa Indians. The village contained 120 cabins, but they were all deserted. La Salle left presents on the posts for the villagers when they returned. Grand Tower was passed; later, the Ohio. At the Mouth op the Mississippi The trip to the mouth of the Mississippi was without special interest. They reached the mouth of the river in April, and on the 9th of that month erected a post, upon which they nailed the arms of France wrought from a copper kettle. A proclamation was QUINCY AND ADAilS COUNTY 53 prepared by the notary, Jacques de la Mctairie, and read. It recited briefly their journey to the country drained by tlie Mississippi and its tributaries. On April 10th the party began the return journey. La Salle was stricken with a severe illness and was obliged to remain at Fort Prudhomme. whicli liad been erected on the Chickasaw blulTs, just above Vicksburg. Touti was sent forward to look after his leader's interests. He went by Fort Miami, but found everything in order. He reached Mackinaw July 22d. Messenger Sent to Fr.\nce La Salle reached Creveeoeur on his way north. He left eight Frenchmen here to hold this position. He reached Fort Miami, and thence passed on to ^lackinaw. He then sent Father ^loubre to France to report his discovery to the king, while he himself set about the building of Fort St. Louis, at Starved Rock, on the Illinois. The detachment left by La Salle at Creveeoeur was ordered north to Fort St. Louis, and he began to grant his followers small areas of land in recognition of their services with him in the past few years. The fort was completed and in March, 1683, the ensign of France floated to the breeze. The tribes for miles in circuit came to the valley about the fort and encamped. La Salle patiently looked for French settlers from New France, but they did not come. During the absence of La Salle at the mouth of the ^lississippi, Count Frontenae had been superseded by Sieur de la Barre, who had assumed the duties of his office October 9, 1782. He was not friendly to La Salle's schemes of extpnding the possessions of France in the New World. La Salle suspected, in the summer of 1683, that the new governor was not in sympathy with him. After a great deal of fruitless correspondence with the new governor, La Salle repaired to France to lay before the king his new discoveries, as well as plans for the future. De.\ths op La Salle and Tonti Tonti was displaced as commander at Fort St. Louis and ordered to Quebec. La Salle not only secured a fleet for the trip to the mouth of the Mississippi, but also had Tonti restored to command at Fort St. Louis. La Salle sailed to the Gulf in the spring of 1685. He failed to find the mouth of the river and landed in what is now Texas. After hardships and discouragements almost beyond belief, he was murdered by some of his own men the latter part of March, 1687. La Salle went to France in the summer of 168.3 and left Tonti in charge of his interests in the Illinois country. Tonti was active in the defense of his superior's interests. In this duty he was forced to defend the Illinois country against the Iroquois and to struggle 54 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY against La Salle's fenemies iii New France. He made expeditions of trade and exploration throughout all the western country, took part in a great campaign against the Iroquois, and was the life of a growing community around Fort St. Louis. The death of La Salle occurred in the spring of 1687. Just one year previous to this Tonti had made a trip to the Gulf in search of La Salle, but, failing to find him, returned sorrowfully to Fort St. Louis. In September, 1688, Tonti heard definitely of the death of La Salle. In December of that year he organized an expedition to rescue the colonists whom La Salle had left on the coast of the Gulf. This expedition also proved a failure. For the next ten years Tonti remained in the region of the lakes, but when Bienville began planting new settlements near the mouth of the Mississippi River, Tonti abandoned Fort St. Louis and joined the new settlements. He died near Mobile in 1704. Permanent Pioneer Settlements of Illinois The death of La Salle in 1687 and of Tonti in 1704 concluded the most romantic chapter of the early French explorations which prepared the way for permanent settlement and the solid satisfac- tion of home-building. Without going into the rather intricate claims as to the priority of the pioneer settlements of Illinois which assumed permanence, it will be conceded that Kaskaskia was for several generations the most notable. The Mission of the Immaculate Con- ception founded there by Father Marquette, with the fertile lands in that region, eventuated in drawing thither not only the soldiers of the cross, but French traders and agriculturists. The Indians and Frenchmen who came to Kaskaskia in the eighteenth century built their huts by weaving grasses and reeds into frameworks of upright poles set in rectangular form. The roofs were thatched. The ground was very rich, and a sort of rude agriculture was begun. In those days the French were just taking possession of the mouth of the Mississippi, and Kaskaskia became quite an important inter- mediate port of call for fresh supplies. The trading with the Indians was also a large factor in the building up of the place, which was located on the west bank of the Kaskaskia, six miles from the IMississippi. Cahokia, its rival, situated a short distance below the present city of East St. Louis, was also a mission and a trading post, but it met with a setback quite early in its history. The village was first built on the east bank of the Mississippi, on a little creek which flowed across the rich alluvial bottoms, but by 1721 the river had carved a new channel westwai-d, leaving the village half a league from free water communication. The little creek also took another course, and Cahokia was left decidedly inland. The Mississippi River has swept away even the site of Kaskaskia, and Cahokia is little more than a name. QUINCY AND ADAilS COUNTY 55 Fort Ciiartres. Center of Illinois District Fort Chai'tres, which was situated sixteen miles nortliwest of Kaskasia, was founded in 1718 and became the military and the civil center of the Illinois district of Louisiana, and so continued for nearly half a century. As completed, its outer structure con- sisted of two rows of parallel logs tilled between with earth and limestone, the latter quarried from an adjacent cliff. It was sur- rounded on three sides l)y this two-foot wall, and on the fourth by a ravine, which during the springtime was full of water. The fort was barely completed when there arrived one Renault, a representative of the Company of the West (a creation of the famous John Law), the director-general of the mining operations of that concern, which were designed to reinforce the uncertain finances of France, laborers, and a full complement of mining utensils. Among his force were also several hundred San Domingo negroes, whom he had bought on his way to Louisiana to work the mines and plantations of the province. Those whom he brought to the Illinois district were the original slaves of the State of Illinois. Renault made Fort Chartres his headquarters for a short time, and from here he sent his expert miners and skilled workmen in every direction, hunting for the precious metals. The bluffs skirt- ing the American Bottoms on the east w'ere diligently searched for minerals, but nothing encouraging was found. In what is now Jackson, Randolph, and St. Clair counties the ancient traces of furnaces were visible as late as 1850. Silver Creek, which runs south and through iladison and St. Clair counties, was so named on the supposition that silver metal was plentiful along that stream. Failing to discover any metals or precious stones, Renault turned his attention to the cultivation of the land in order to support his miners. First Land Grant in District On May 10. 1722, the military commandant. Lieutenant Bois- briant, representing the king, and Des Usins, representing the Royal Indies Company (the Company of the West), granted to Charles Davie a tract of land five arpents wide (58.35 rods) and reaching from the Kaskaskia on the east to the Jlississippi on the west. This is said to have been tlie fii-st grant of land made in the Illinois district in Louisiana. The next year, June 14th, the same officials made a grant to Renault of a tract of land abutting or facing on the Mississippi more than three miles. This tract contained more than 13.000 acres. It reached back to the bluffs, probably four to five miles. It is said the grant was made in consideration of the labor of Renault's slaves, probably upon some work belonging to the Company of the West. This grant was up the Jlissi.ssippi three and a half miles above Fort 56 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Chartres. The village of St. Phillipe was probably started before the grant was made — at least, the village was on the grant. As soon as Fort Chartres was complete there grew up a village near by, which usually went by the name of New Chartres. About the year 1722 the village of Prairie du Kocher was begun. It was located near the bluffs, due east from Fort Chartres about three and a half miles. It is said that some of the houses were built of stone, there being an abundance of that material in the bluffs just back of the village. To this village there was granted a very large "common," which it holds to this day. The common is about three miles square and lies back of the village, upon the upland. There were probably, as early as 1725, five permanent French villages in the American Bottom, namely : Cahokia, settled not earlier than 1698, and not later than 1700; Kaskaskia, settled in the later part of the year 1700 or in the beginning of the year 1701 ; New Chartres, the village about Fort Chartres, commenced about the same time the fort was erected, 1720; Prairie du Rocher, settled about 1722, or possibly as late as the grant to Boisbriant, which was in 1733; St. Phillipe, settled very soon after Renault received the grant from the Western Company, which was 1723. The villages were all much alike. They were a straggling lot of crude cabins, built with little, if any, reference to streets, and con- structed with no pretension to architectural beauty. The inhabitants were French and Indians and negroes. Life at the Pioneer French Illinois Settlements The industrial life of these people consisted of fishing and hunt- ing, cultivation of the soil, commercial transactions, some manu- facturing, and mining. The fishing and hunting were partly a pas- time, but the table was often liberally supplied from these sources. The soil was fertile and j-ielded abundantlj^ to a very indifferent cultivation. Wheat was grown and the grain ground in crude water mills, usually situated at the mouths of the streams as they emerged from the bluffs. And it is said one windmill was erected in the bottom. They had swine and black cattle, says Father Charlevoix, in 1721. The Indians raised poultry, spun the wool of the buffalo and wove a cloth, which they dyed black, yellow, or red. In the first thirty or forty years of the eighteenth century there was considerable commerce carried on between these villages and the mouth of the river. New Orleans was established in 1718 and came to be in a very early day an important shipping point. The gi-ist mills gi'ound the wheat which the Illinois farmers raised on the bottom lands, and the flour was shipped in keel boats and flat- boats. Fifteen thousand deer skins were sent in one year to New Orleans. Buffalo meat and other products of the forest, as well as the produce of the farms, made up the cargoes. Considerable lead was early shipped to the mother country. The return vessel brought &t Uutil // kr-^^ yi.u- OF Amekicax Buttum and Old French Villages 58 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the colomsts rice, sugar, coffee, mauufactured articles of all kiuds, tools, implements, and munitions of war. Under the Crown and the Jesuits In 1720 a financial i^anic struck France, and John Law was forced to flee from the country. The Company of the Indies kept up a pretense of carrying on its business, but in 1732, upon petition by the company, the king issued a proclamation declaring the com- pany dissolved and Louisiana to be free to all subjects of the king. There were at this time (1732) about 7,000 whites and 2,000 negro slaves within the limits of the Louisiana territory. The rules of the "Western Company had been so exacting that many of the activities of the people had been repressed. Every one seems to have been held in a sort of vassalage to the company. Now the territory was to come directly under the crown. In 1721 the whole of the Mississippi Valley had been divided into nine civil jurisdictions, as follows : New Orleans, Biloxi, Mobile, Alabama, Natchez, Yazoo, Natchitoches, Arkansas, and Illinois. "There shall be at the headquarters in each district a commandant and a judge, from whose decisions appeals may be had to the superior council established at New Biloxi." Breese's "Histoiy of Illinois" gives a copy of an appeal of the inhabitants of Kaskaskia to the pro- vincial commandant and judge relative to the grants of lands to individuals and to the inhabitants as a whole. The religious life of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and other French vil- lages was quite free from outside influence. By the third article of the ordinance issued by Louis XV in 1724, all religious beliefs other than the Catholic faith were forbidden. The article reads as follows : ' ' We prohibit any other religious rites than those of the Apostolic Roman Catholic Church; requiring that those who violate this shall be punished as rebels, disobedient to our com- mands." This ordinance also made it an offense to set over any slaves any overseers who should in any way prevent the slaves from professing the Roman Catholic religion. Kaskaskia, Illinois Jesuit Center ' By an ordinance issued in 1722 by the council for the company, and with the coasent of the Bishop of Quebec, the province of Louisiana was divided into three spiritual jurisdictions. The first comprised the banks of the ilississippi from the Gulf to the mouth of the Ohio, and including the region to the west. The Capuchins were to officiate in the churches, and their superior was to reside in New Orleans. The second spii'itual district comprised all the terri- tory noi'th of the Ohio, and was assigned to the charge of the Jesuits, whose superior should reside in the Illinois, presumably at Kaskaskia. The third district lay south of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi QUIXCY AND ADA^ilS COUNTY 59 River, and was assigned to tlie Carmelites, the residence of tlie supe- rior being at Jlobile. Each of the three superiors was to be a grand vicar of tho Bishop of Quebec. The Carmelites remained in charge of their territory south of the Ohio ouly till the following fall. December, 1722, when they turned over their work to the Capuchins and returned to France. As evidence of the activity of the Jesuits in the territory which was assigned to them, we are told they had already, in 1721, cstal)- lished a monastery in Kaskaskia. It is stated in Monette's "Missis- sippi Valley" that a college was also there about the year 1721. Charlevoix, quoted by Davidson and Stuve, says: "I pa.ssed the night with the missionaries (at Cahokia), who are two ecclesiastics from the seminary at Quebec, formerly my disciples, but they must now be my masters. Yesterday I arrived at Kaskaskia about 9 o'clock. The Jesuits have a very flourishing mission, which has lately been divided into two." All descriptions which have come down to us of the conditions in the Illinois country- in the first part of the eighteenth centurj- represent the church as most aggressive and pros- perous. Civil government certainly must have passed into "innocu- ous desuetude" by 1732. The government was very simple, at least until about 17:J0. Fi'om the settlement in 1700 up to the coming of Crozat there was virtually no civil government. Controversies were few, and the priest "s influ- ence was such that all disputes which arose were settled by that personage. Recently documents have been recovered from the court- house in Chester which throw considerable light upon the question of government in the Fi-eneh villages, but as yet they have not been thoroughly sorted and interpreted. The Company of the West realized that its task of developing the Territory of Louisiana was an unprofitable one, and they sur- rendered their charter to the king, and Louisiana became, as we are accustomed to say, a royal province by proclamation of the king, April 10, 1732. FORTUX.VTE .\N'D PROGRESSIVE ILLINOIS The two efforts, the one by Crozat and the other hy the Company of the West, had both resulted in failure so far as profit to either was concerned. Crozat had spent 425,000 livres and realized in return only 300,000 livres. And although a rich man, the venture ruined him financially. The Company of the AVest put thousands of dollars into the attempt to develop the territory, for which no money in return was ever received. But the efforts of both were a lasting good to the territorj' itself. Possibly the knowledge of the geography of the country which resulted from the explorations in search of precious metals was not the least valuable. Among other things these two efforts brought an adventurous and energetic class of people into Illinois. 60 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY For many years after 1732, wlieu Louisiana became a royal province, the Illinois country, or district, was spared many of the hardships of war which so distressed and retarded the French domain both north and south of it. The massacre at Natchez and the cam- paigns against the Natchez and Chickasaw Indians, which ravaged the southern country for a decade, were events of this character. The French and the Indians north of the Ohio were on very good terms, and the settlements in the Illinois country grew rapidly, especially after 1739, with the subjugation of the turbulent Indians who had so interfered with the free navigation of the Mississippi. Neither did King George's war, which broke out between France and England in 1714, disturb the even progress of the western country. In the fall of 1745 the rice crop of Lower Louisiana was almost ruined by storms and inundation, which misfortune worked to the advantage of Illinois by creating an unusual demand for its wheat and flour. The English Invade the Ohio V.illey . King George's war, which had its origin in European political complications, closed in 1748. The treaty which closed the war pro- vided for the return of Louisburg to the French, and all other possessions of England and France in America to remain as they were prior to the war. It could easily be seen that the next struggle between the French and the English would be for the permanent control of the Ohio Valley and the adjacent territory east of the Mississippi River. The English had never relaxed in their deter- mination to possess the Ohio Valley. In 1738 a treaty was made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, between English commissioners and three Indian chiefs representing twelve towns in the vicinity of the Wabash. The piirpose of the treaty was to attach the Indians north of the Ohio to the English cause. The Ohio Land Company was formed in 1738. It contained residents of England and Virginia. It received from King George II a grant of a half million acres of land on and about the Ohio River. They were given the exclusive right of trading with' the Indians in that region. In 1749 the governor general of Canada sent Louis Celeron, a knight of the Military Order of St. Louis, to plant lead plates along the valley of the Ohio, which might eventually prove French pri- ority of occupation of this territory. Several of the plates were afterward unearthed. In 1750 Celeron wrote a letter to the governor of Pennsylvania, warning him of the danger of his people who might trespass upon the French possessions along the Ohio. In 1752 agents of the Ohio Company established a trading post within a few miles of the present site of Piqua, Ohio. In the sa;ne year the French and Indian allies destroyed this post, killing fourteen Twightwees Indians, who were under a treaty with the English. Logstown, about eighteen miles below the forks of the Ohio, was settled in 1748 by QUIXCY AND ADAJ^IS COUNTY Gl the English, and in 1752 a treaty was made tliere in which the Indians ceded certain rights and privileges to the English. The iYench began in 1753 to build a line of forts from the lakes to the Mississippi by way of the Ohio and its tributaries from the North. The first fort was located at Presque Isle (now Erie, Penn- sylvania) ; the second one was Fort Le Boeuf, on French Creek, a branch of the Alleghany. The third was called Venango, at the mouth of the French Creek. From here they pushed south and found some Englishmen building a fort at the junction of the Alle- ghany and Monongahcla. The French drove the Englishmen from the place and finished the fort and named it Fort Dmiuesne. This was the fourth fortification in the line of forts reaching from the lakes to the 5Ii.ssissippi River. The French and Indian war was now fairly l>egun, and we shall return to the Illinois to see wliat part this region was to play in this final contest for supremacy between the two great powers of the Old World. Frexch Rebuild Fort Chartres "We have called attention to the activity of the French in I)uilding forts on the Upper Ohio to secure that region from the English. The same activity marked their preparations in the West for the impending struggle. Fort Chartres had been originally of wood. There never were manj' soldiers stationed there at a time — only a few score soldiers and officers — but following King George's war it was decided to rebuild Fort Chartres on a large scale. The old fort had been hastily constructed of wood. The new fort wa.s to be of stone. It was planned and constructed by Lieut. Jean B. Saussier, a French engineer, whose descendants lived in Cahokia many years, one of whom. Dr. John Snyder, recently lived in Virginia, Ca.ss County, Illinois. When complete it was the finest and most costly fort in America. The cost of its construction was about ."Isl, 500,000, and it .seriously embarra-s-sed the French exchequer. The stones were hewn, squared, and numl)ered in the quarries in the bluff just opposite, about four miles distant, and conveyed across the lake to the fort in boats. The massive stone walls enclosed about four acres. They were 18 feet high and about 2 feet thick. The gateway was arched, and 15 feet high ; a cut-stone platform was aJ>ove the gate, with a stair of nineteen steps and balustrade leading to it: there were four bastians, each with forty-eight loopholes, eight embrasures, and a sentiy box, all in cut stone. Within the walls stood the storehouse, 90 feet long, 30 feet wide, two stories high: the guardhouse, with two rooms almve for chapd and missionary quarters; the government house. 84 by 32 feet, with iron gates and a stone porch; a coach house, pigeon house, and large well, walled up with the finest of dressed rock: the intendant's house; two rows of barracks, each 128 feet long: the magazine, which is still .stand- ing and well prescr\-ed. 35 by 38 and 13 feet high: bake ovens; four 62 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY prison cells of cut stone; one large relief gate on the north. Such was the pride of the French empire, and the capital of New France. Illinois Triumphs Over Virginia The fort was scarcely completed when the French and Indian war broke out. In May, 1754, George Washington and his Virginia riflemen surprised the French at Great ileadows, where Jumonville, the French commander, was killed. A brother of the slain French commander, who was stationed at Fort Chartres, secured leave from Makarty, in command there, to avenge liis death. Taking his com- pany with him, they proceeded to Fort Duquesne, and there, gather- ing some friendly Indians, they attacked Washington at Fort Neces- sity, which was surrendered on July 4th. This was the real beginning of the old French war. Flushed with victory, the little detachment returned to Fort Chartres and celebrated the triumph of Illinois over Virginia. In the French and Indian war the demand upon Makarty at Fort Chartres for men and provisions became incessant — in fact, Fort Chartres became the principal base of supplies in the West. In 1755 Captain Aubrj' was sent to reinforce Fort Duquesne with 400 men. The fort held out for some time, but later Colonel Washington compelled its abandonment. New Fort Chartres in BRmsH Hands The power of the French began to wane. They maintained the struggle gallantly, however, and made one more desperate effort to raise the siege of Fort Niagara. They failed. The flower of Fort Chartres went down at Niagara. The surrender of Canada soon followed, but Fort Chartres, now called New Fort Chartres, still held out for the French king. They hoped that they would still be considered with Louisiana and remain in French territory. Their disappointment was bitter when they learned that on Feb- ruary 10, 1763, Louis XV had ratified the treaty transferring them to Great Britain. While the French at Fort Chartres were waiting for a British force to take possession, Pierre Laclede arrived from New Orleans to settle at the Illinois, bringing with him a company representing merchants engaged in the fur trade. Learning of the treaty of ces- sion, he decided to establish his post on the west side of the Mississippi, which he still believed to be French soil. He selected a fine bluff sixty miles north of Fort Chartres for the site of his post, and returned for the winter. In the spring he began his colony, and was enthusiastic over its prospects. Many of the French families followed him, wishing to remain under the French flag. Their dis- appointment was still more bitter when they learned that all the French possessions west of the Mississippi had been ceded to Spain. This is now St. Louis. QUIXCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 63 The elder St. Ange, who had been at Vinccnnes, returned to take part in the last aet. Though the temtory had been transferred to King George, the white flag of the Bourbons continued to fly at Fort Chartres, the last place in Ameriea. The Indian chief Pontiac was another power not taken into confidence at the treaty. Pon- tiac loved the French, but detested the English. "When the English companies, under Loftus, Pitman, and Morris, respect ivelj', came to take ])ossession, each was balked by the wily red man. Chief Pontiac gathered an army of red men and proceeded to Fort Chartres, where he met St. Ange and boldly proposed to assist him in repelling the English. St. Ange plainly told him that all was over, and advised him to make peace with the English. Fort Chartres was finally surrendered to Captain Stirling on October 10, 1765. The red cross of St. George replaced the lilies of France. St. Ange and his men took a boat for St. Louis, and there enrolled in the garrison under the Spanish, which St. Ange was appointed to command. First English Court of L.\w in the Illinois Country The first court of law was established at Fort Chartres in Decem- ber, 1768, Fort Chartres becoming the capital of the British province west of the Alleghanies. Colonel AVilkins had a.ssumed command under a proclamation from General Gage, and, with seven judges, sat at Fort Chartres to administer the law of England. After the surrender by the French the church records were removed to Kas- kaskia. The records of the old French court were also removed there. Pontiac Buried at St. Louis A constant warfare had been kept up by the Indians until Pontiac was killed near Cahokia by an Illinois Indian. Pontiac 's warriors pursued the Illinois tribe to the walls of Fort Chartres, where many of them were slain, the British refusing to assist them. St. Ange recovered the body of Pontiac, and it was buried on the spot now occupied by the Southern Hotel in St. Louis, a memorial plate marking the place. Last of Fort Ciiaktres In 1772 high water swc])t away one of the bastions and a part of the western wall of Fort Chartres. The British took refuge at Kaskaskia, and the fort was never occupied again. Congress, in 1778, reserved to the Goveniment a tract one mile square, of which the fort was the center. But this reservation was opened to entry in 1849, no provision being made for the fort. "Long Knives" C.vpture Kaskaskia What manner of military rule and civil government the English established over the Illinois countrj- has been described in general; 64 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY theii' dominion lasted but thirteen years. During the progress of the Revolutionary war it became evident to the American colonies that the capture of the British military posts northwest of the Ohio River was a step which could not long be delayed, and Governor Patrick Henry, in behalf of Virginia, authorized Lieut.-Col. George Rogers Clark to organize an expedition for that purpose in Januarj', 1778. In May, with seven companies of fifty meu each, recruited in Western Virginia and Kentucky, he commenced his journey down the Monongahela and Ohio, and in the following month disembarked at old Fort Ma.ssac, ten miles below the mouth of the Tennessee River, on the north side of the Ohio. He hid his boats in the mouth of a small stream which enters the Ohio from Massac- County a short distance above the fort. The expedition now made preparations to march overland to Kaskaskia, aboiit a hundred miles distant. Because of the inefSciency or treachery of the guides, the expedition did not reach Kaskaskia until the fourth day of their departure from Fort Massac, at 10 or 11 o'clock at night. Clark divided his anny into two divisions, one of which was to scatter throughout the town QUI.VCY AXD ADA.MS COUNTY 65 and keep the people iu their houses, aud the other, which Clark himself commanded, was to capture the fort, iu which the commander, Chevalier d* Roehel)lave, was asleep. In a very short time the task wa-s tiuished and the people disarmed. The soldiers were instructed to pass up and down the streets, and those who could speak French were to inform tiie inhabitants to remain within their houses. The Virginians aud Kentuckians were in the meantime keeping up an unearthly yelling, for the people of Kaskaskia had understood that Mrginians were more savage than the Indians had ever been, and Clark was desirous that they should retain this impression. The French of Kaskaskia called the Virginians "Long Knives." Did Not W.\r on "Women and Children" On the morning of the 5th the principal citizens were put in irons. Shortly after this Father Gibault and a few aged men came to Clark and begged the privilege of holding services in the church, that they might bid one another good-bye before they were separated. Clark gave his permission in a verj'^ crabbed way. The church bell rang out over the quiet but sad village, and immediately every one who could get to church did so. At the close of the service Father Gibault came again with some old men to beg that families might not be separated and that they might be privileged to take .some of their personal effects with them for their support. Clark then cxjilaincd to the priest that Americans did not make war on women and children, but that it was only to protect their own wives and children that they had come to this stronghold of British and Indian barbarity. He went further and told them that the French king and the Americans had just made a treaty of alliance and that it was the desire of their French father that they should join their interests with the Americans. This had a wonderfully conciliatory effect upon the French. And now Clark told them they were at perfect liberty to conduct them.selves as usual. His influence had been so powerful that they were all induced to take the oath of allegiance to the State of Virginia. Their arms were given back to them and a volunteer company of French militiamen was formed. Kaskaskia was captured on July 4, 1778. On the morning of the 5th occurred the incident previously referred to, relative to the conduct of the priest. Evidently very early in the day quiet was restored and better relations were established between captoi-s and captives. The treaty of alliance between France aud the Cnifed States was explained, and immediately the oath of allegiance to Virginia was taken by the people. Bloodless C.\PTrRE of Cahokia and Vincennes On the same 5th of July an expedition was planned fur the capture of Cahokia. Captain Bowman, with his company, or prob- Vol. 1—5 Bronze Statue of George Rogers Clark, Quincy l^riXCY AND ADAMS lOFXTY 67 al)ly a portion of it, ami a (k-taphim'iit of the French militia, under Freneh officers, together with a niunber of Kaskaskia citizens, made up the armj'. Reynolds .says they rode French ponies. The dis- tanec was sixty miles, and the trip was made by the afternoon of the 6th. At first the people of ("ahokia were greatly agitated and cried, "Long Knives!" "Long Knives!" But the Kaskaskia citi- zens soon quieted them and explained what had happened at Kas- kaskia only two days before. The fort at C'ahokia may have cdiitained a few British soldiers or some French militia. In oitlier case they (juietly surrendered. The oath of allegiance was administered to the people, and the citizens returned to Kaskaskia. For the first few days of Clark's stay in Kaskaskia he and his men talked about the fort at the falls of Ohio and of a dctaciiment of soldiers they were expecting from there every day. This was done for the purpose of making an impression upon the people of Kaskaskia. Clark was a slu'cwd diplomat, as well as a good soldier, and lie suspected tiiat Fatlicr (iiliault was at iieart on the side of the Americans. By conversation Clark learned that the priest was the regular shepherd of the flock at Vincenncs, and evif)ut the village, for he had come with Clark in the campaign of 1778. when the Illinois country was captured from the British. lie is said to have been a soldier with Clark and to have been the first to enter the fort which Roeheblave surrendered. Be that as it may. he arrived now with the authority of the Commonwealth of Virginia behind him. On June 15. 1779. he issued a proclamation wliich provided that no more settlements should be nuide in the bottom lands, and further that each person to whom grants had been made must report his 70 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY claim to the proper officer and have his laud recorded. If his land had come to him througli transfers, then all such transfers must be recorded and certilied to. This was done to prevent those adven- turers who would shortly come into the country from dispossessing the rightful owners of those lands. The country to which Col. John Todd came as county lieutenant was in a very discouraging condition. It had reached the maxi- mum of prosperity about the time the French turned it over to the English, in 1765. Very many of the French went to New Orleans or to St. Louis during the British regime. The English king had attempted to keep out the immigrant. The cultivation of the soil was sadly neglected. The few French who remained were engaged in trading with the Indians. Many came to be expert boatmen. Trade was brisk between the P^rench settlements in the Illinois coun- try and New Orleans. Previous to the coming of Clark and the French gentlemen, Chevalier de Eocheblave, who was holding the country in the name of the British government, had been not only neglectful but really very obstinate and self-willed about carrying on civil affairs. He allowed the courts, organized by Colonel Wilkins, to fall into disuse. The merchants and others who had need for courts found little sat- isfaction in attempts to secure justice. During the time between the coming of Clark and of Todd there were courts organized, but the military operations were so overshadowing that probably little use was made of them. It appears from the records of Colonel Todd that on May 14, 1779, he organized the military department of his work, by appoint- ing the officers of the militia at Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher. and Cahokia. Richard Winston, Jean B. Barbeau, and Francois Trotier were made commandants and captains in the three villages, respect- ively. The next step was to elect judges provided for in the act creating the county of Illinois. Judges were elected at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, and at Vincennes, and court was held monthly. There seems to have been a scarcity of properly qualified men for the places, as in many instances militia officers were elected judges, and in one case the ■" deputy commandant at Ka.skaskia filled also the office of sheriff." Colonel Todd found enough work to keep him busy, and it is doubtful if it was all as pleasant as he might have wished. The records which he kept, and which are now in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society, show that severe penalties were inflicted in those days. Colonel Todd held this position of county lieutenant for about three years. During that time he established courts, held popular elections, and executed the law with vigor. There was a deputy county lieutenant, or deputy commandant, in each village, and when Colonel Todd was absent the reins of QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 71 goverumeiit were in tlie hands of one of these deputies. On the oecasion of his al>senee at the time of his death he had left, it seems, Timothy Demountbrun as eounty lieutenant. This man .seems to have been the only cue authorized to rule until the coming of St. Clair in 1790. Americ.\n Civil Government Northwest of the Ohio Virginia ceded her western lands in 1783; in the following year Congress pa.ssed an ordinance which established a preliminary form of civil government north of the Ohio; in 1785 a national system of surveys was adopted, and in 1787 wa.s pa.ssed the famous Ordi- nance of 1787, by which the territory northwest of the Ohio was "made one district for temporary government and provision made for a definite form of government." The first county created by Governor St. Clair, in July of that year, was Wa.shington, with Marietta the seat of government. In January, 1788, the governor and the newly appointed judges visited Losantiville (Cincinnati) and created the county of Hamilton, with that place as the seat of government. Then the governor and secretary proceeded west- ward and. reaching Kaskaskia on March 5, 1790, erected the County of St. Clair, with Cahokia as the county seat. On their return to Jlarietta, Kno.\ County was organized, with Vincennes as the county seat. The St. Clair County thus established included all the territory north and east of the Ohio and the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, and west of a line running from Fort Massac through the mouth of the Mackinaw Creek a short distance below the City of Peoria. The county was divided into three districts, with Ka.ska.skia, Prairie du Rochcr, and Cahokia as centers of administration. Hefore leav- ing. Governor .St. Clair created tlie otifices of slicrift', judges of the court, probate judge, justice of the peaee, coroner, notary, clerk and recorder, surveyor and various military officers, and named the appointees. In 1795, Judge Turner, one of the three Federal judges, came to hold court, and from a contention which he had with the governor, St. Clair County was divided by a line running cast and west through New Design. Cahokia was established as the county seat of the north half, or St. Clair County, and Kaskaskia the seat of govern- ment of the south half, Kandolph County. The Ordinance of 1787 provided that when there should be 5.000 free male whites of the age of twenty-one years in the Northwest Territory they might organize a legislature on the basis of one representative for each 500 whites of the age of twenty-one. This was done in the year 1798. Sliadraeh Bond was elected to represent St. Clair county, and John Edgar. HandoI])h county. The Legis- lature met at Cincinnati on Fcl)ruary 4, 1799. There were twenty- two members in the lower house, representing eleven counties. William 72 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY H. Harrison, who had succeeded Sargeut as secretary of the North- west Territory, was elected a delegate to Congress. In the session of Congress in the winter of 1779-1800 the proposi- tion to di\'ide the Northwest Territory into two territories was referred to a committee of which Harrison was chairman. The report was favorably received by Congress, and on May 7, 1800, The Northwest Territory, 1787 an act was passed dividing the Northwest Territory by a line run- ning from the Ohio to Fort Eecovery, and thence to the line separat- ing the territory from Canada. The western part was to be known as the Indiana .Territory, and its government was to be of the first cla.ss. Its capital was located at Vincennes, and the governor was William Henry Harrison. The eastern division was called the Northwest Territory, its capital was Chillicothe, and Governor St. Clair was still the chief executive. QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 73 The east division was admitted as a state Feliruary 19, 1802. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and -Mii-higan now became the Indiana Territory. Illinois as a Territory Illinois remained a portion of Indiana Territory from February, 1802, until February, 1801). During that period Viucennes was the capital. The congressional act of February 3, 1809, set off the Territory of Illinois from Indiana by a dividing line running north from Vincennes to Canada. A prominent argument in favor of the division was that the people in the Illinois region were favorable to slavery, while the Indiana people were indifferent to the subject. Several efforts had been made to either strike out the clause in the Ordinance of 1787 forbidding slavery within the Northwest Terri- tory, or suspend its operation for a stated period. By the creative act, Illinois was made a territorj- of the first class, and thus remained until May, 1812, when, under authority of the Ordinance of 1787. it entered the second cla.ss, thus enfran- chising all males over twenty-one years of age, instead of allowing only freeholders to vote. Ninian Edwards, formerly a Kentucky judge, was appointed governor of the new territory, and Nathaniel Pope, secretary, on April 24, 1809. Jlr. Pope was a resident of St. Genevieve, ilissouri, but practiced law in Illinois. Illinois as a territory did not participate in the battle of Tippe- canoe or the War of 1812. but Governor Edwards left nothing \nulone to protect its soil against Indian depredations or British expe. Of course, the constitution j>rovided for the regular division of the Government gUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 77 into legislative, executive and jndicial departments, and the election or appointment of the officials designed to fulfill thi-ir functions. Governor Bond was elected without opposition, largely on the sti'cngth of his authorship of the Pre-emption Act while serving as a territorial delegate of Congress. Following the announcement of the acceptance of the constitution hy Congress, Governor Bond called the Legislature in special session for January 4, 181!). The machinery of the fii-st state government was thus set in motion. In his short and unassuming message the gover- nor recommended the early completion of the canal connecting the headwaters of the Illinois River with Lake Michigan ; the passage of measures to relieve the state treasury, and a modification of the crimi- nal laws in force during the territorial period. But the Legislature went ahead, in its own way, and passed such measures as a code of laws based on the Virginia and Kentucky statutes; levying taxes ou lands owned by nonresidents, and on slaves and indentured servants, and moving tiie capiteauty of the landscape, which nature has here painted in primeval freshness.' " It was most fitting that this beautiful, fertile and invigorating region of Illinois should be first settled by an energetic, enterprising class of freemen and women, constitutionally opposed to the introduc- tion of any form of slavery into their virgin land. DuxcAX AND Free School, Law Joseph Duncan of Jacksonville, afterward congressman aud gov- ernor, secured the passage of the free school law of 1825, -which was the basis of the system of today. For its support, taxes were to be collected on the property of the people in the district, and provision was made for a board of directors who were to have control of the schools and buildings, examine the teachers and have general local oversight of all educational matters of a public nature. In 1826-27 the Legislature provided for better securities from those who were borrowing the money for which the school lands had been sold. But in 1829 the Legislature repealed the part of the Duncan law of 1825 which gave 2 per cent of the net revenue of the State to the schools. Every commendable feature of the Duncan law was now repealed and the schools lay prostrate till 1855. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 81 The Legislature of 1828-29 also adopted the plan of selling the sehool and seminary lands. The law provided that the sixteenth sec- tion of each township niigh le sold whenever nine-tenths of the inhab- itants (evidently voters) were in favor of the sale. Later thy law allowed the sale if three-fourths were in favor of it. The immigrants coming into an unsettled township were always eager to dispose of the sixteenth section, as it made a fund with which the authorities might assist the schools. But this section when sold for $1.25 per acre, the regular Government price, would bring only .S800, and this at 10 per cent interest would bring only $80 per year. This would not be of much service when distributed among the schools of the township. Joseph Duncan stepped from Congress into the governorship, in 1834, and during his administration was chiefly engaged in wrestling with banking and internal improvement problems, which were so inti- mately connected. In 1837 the state bank, with other similar insti- tutions of the country, suspended specie payments, and in 1843 the Legislature passed a law "to diminish the State debt and put the State Bank into liquidation." The bank was given four years in which to wind up its business. Illinois Ixterxal Improa'ements While the affairs of the state bank and its branches were in chaos, an ambitious system of internal improvements was assumed by the state, despite the opposition of Governor Duncan and the Council of Revision. The bill as prepared by the Vandalia conven- tion to consider internal improvements became a law. It appropriated $10,000,000 for tlia following objects: Improvement of the Wabash, the Illinois, Rock, Kaskaskia and Little Wabash rivers, and the West- ern Mail Route $9,350,000; for railroads— Cairo to Galena. $3,500,000. Alton to :\rount Carmel, $1,600,000; Quiney to Indiana line, $1,800,- 000; ShelbvA'ille to Terre Haute, $650,000; Peoria to Warsaw, $700. 000; Alton to Central Railroad. $600,000; Belleville to Mount Carmel, $150,000; Bloomington to Pekin, $350,000. and Vinccnnes to St. Louis, $250,000; $200,000 "to pacify disappointed counties" which had failed to be promised any improvement whatsoever by the state. In addition, the sale of $1,000,000 worth of canal lands and the issuance of $500,000 in canal bonds were authorized, the proceeds to be used in the construction of the Illinois & ^lichigan Canal. $500,000 of this amount to be t-xtendcd in 1838. A competent historian graphically tells what happened: "Work began at once. Routes were surveyed and contracts for construction let, and an era of reckless speculation began. Large sums were rapidly expended and nearly $6,500,000 quickly added to the State debt. The system was soon demonstrated to be a failure and wa.s abandoned for lack of funds, some of the 'improvemi'nts' already made being sold to private parties at a heavy loss. This scheme furnished the basis of the State debt under which 82 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Illinois labored for mauy years and which, at its maximum, reached nearly $17,000,000." Although as a whole the internal improvements scheme was a dis- aster to the state as a promoter of public works, it was the means of furthering tlie project of a great railroad to be built through central Illinois from north to south, it eventually materialized into one of the splendid railroad systems of the country, being kept alive through private promotion and management. It meant much to Adams County, as will be seen hereafter. Capital Moved to Springfield It was at the same session which originated the internal improve- ments scheme that the Legislature voted to move the state capital from Vandalia to Springfield, Sangamon Count}'. Jacksonville, Peoria and Alton were also competitors. Lincoln led the Sangamon County delegation to victory, its solid support of internal improvements hing- ing largely on the outside backing received as a candidate for the state capital. The legislative act by which the removal was accom- plished went into effect July 4, 1839, and the Legislature convened at the new capitol in December of that year. Remains of Internal Improvements System In 1840 the Legislature abolished the Board of Fund Commis- sioners and the Board of Public Works which had in charge the in- ternal improvements of the state and that loose-jointed system col- lapsed. One fund commissioner was then appointed who was author- ised to act, but was without jiower to sell bonds or to borrow money on the credit of the state. Another Board of Public Works was also created, which, with the fund commissioner, was to wind up pending business without delay, to operate any roads which were near com- pletion, complete the work on the Illinois & Michigan Canal and bum all bonds remaining unsold. The Great Northern Cross Railroad, which was planned to be constructed from Springfield to Quincy, half way across the state to the Mississippi River, had actually been built from the state capi- tal to Meredosia, Morgan County, on the eastern bank of the Illinois River, fifty-eight miles distant. This road, which became a part of the Wabash system, was sold in 1847 to Nicholas H. Ridgly of Spring- field for about $21,000. After the defeat of the convention in 1824 nothing was done toward reviving or amending the state constitution until 1840-41. In the Legislature of that year a resolution was adopted calling on the voters to express themselves relative to a convention at the coming state election in August. The democrats favored such a convention, but when a bill passed the Legislature abolishing the Circuit Court judges and creating five new jiidges on the Supreme bench, all of which QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 83 places were filleil by demoerats, the need of a convention did not seem so apparent. The democrats now controlled the Legislature, the executive and the courts. When the election was held in August the democrats generally voted against the proposition to hold a convention ; hut the whigs later passed another act calling on the people to vote on the (juestion of convention at the general election in August, 1846. The proposition was strongly urged uj)on the people by the democratic press and it was not very generally opposed, and so it carried. Constitution of 1848 The act providing for the constitutional convention determined the number of delegates which should sit therein, the date of their election, which was fixed for the third Monday in April. 1847, and the date of the meeting of the delegates in the convention, the first Monday in June, 1847. There was no special argument against a convention, but several were urged in its favor. There were a number of other changes which were considered dur- ing the canvass i)rocediiig the election in April. When the members came together June 7, 1847, it was found that the whigs and demo- crats were about evenly divided. The convention organized by elect- ing Newton Cloud president and Henry W. Moore .secretary. There were 162 delegates in this body. In the legislative department the following features may be noted in the constitution of 1848 : No member of the General Assembly shall be elected to any other office during his term as a legislator. The Senate shall consist of twenty-five members and the House of seventy- rive members till the state ?hall contain 1,000,000 people. After that an addition of five in each House shall be made for every increase of oOO.OOO until thei-e shall he iiO senators and 100 representatives, when the inimber shall remain stationary. The governor must be a citizen of the United States and tliirty- five years of age, shall be a citizen of the T'nited States fourteen years and have resided in Ihe state ten years. The governor must reside at the seat of government. He shall have the veto power. His salary was .^l.oOO — no more. The secretary of state, auditor and treas- urer shall be elected at the .'•ame time as the governor and lieutenant- governor are chosen. The governor shall i.ssue all commissions. The constitution was completed on August 31, 1847. On March 6, 1848, it was submitted to the jteoplc for ratification. The vote on the constitution stood nearly 60.000 for and nearly 16,000 against. It was declared in force April 1, 1848. By the terms of the document it- self an election .should be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in .November, 1848, for governor and other executive officers, as well as for members of the Legislature. In compliance therewith, in Novem- ber, 1848, Governor French was rc-clcctcd governor for four years from January 1, 1849. 84 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The new coustitutiou authorized the Legislature to provide for township organization. lu pursuance thereof a law was passed in 1849 which allowed counties, when authorized by a vote of the people, to organize under this new system. This new system of county organ- ization is distinctly a New England product, and was therefore championed by the northern counties, which had been largely settled by immigrants from New England and the Middle States. The Legis- lature on February 12, 1849, passed a general law governing all coun- ties under township organization. This first law was somewhat imper- fect, and has therefore been subject to amendments up to the present time. Legislative Lessons Through Experience In the thirty yeare which had passed since the adoption of its first constitution, the State of Illinois had leai'ued several lessons through the impressive process of distressing experience. Perhaps the most im- portant thus instilled were those connected with reckless expansion of the financial institutions and the public utilities within her borders. I'nder the constitution of 1818 the credit of the state might be used to foster such enterprises as banks, railroads and canals. But the constitution of 1848 says : 'No State bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the State own or be liable for any stock in any corporation or joint stock association for banking purposes to be hereafter created." It was not possible, therefore, for the state to engage in any banking business or improvement schemes, but it might grant charters, or pass laws, in the encouragement of such enterprises. Further safeguards are thrown around the state, as witness this provision: "No act of the General Assembly, authorizing corporations or associations with banking powers, shall go into effect or in any manner be enforced, unless the same shall be submitted to the people at the general election next succeeding the passage of the same, and be approved by a majority of the votes east at such election for and against such law." Another section of the same article (X) provides that all stockholders in bank- ing associations issuing bank notes should be individually responsible proportionately to the stock held by each for all liabilities of the corporation or association. Since the winding up of the affairs of the old State Bank and the Bank of Illinois there were no banks of issue in the state. The money in circulation comprised gold and silver and paper money issued by banks in other states. Ke-\l Wild Cat Banks Following the ratification of the Constitution of 1848, there began, almost immediately, an agitation for banks of issue in Illinois. The New Yoi-k free banking law had been in operation for a decade. The bank bills were secured by bonds of the United States or state, or mortgages approved by the statue comptroller, in whose hands the (^riXCV AND AUA.MS CULNTV 85 securities were placed. That official issued the bills put in circula- tion, which were (.ountcrsigiied by the bank officers. The bank bills were to be redeemed when presented by the holders within a reasonable time and, if necessary, the comptroller was authorized to sell the bonds deposited with him for that pui-pose aJid wind up the affaii-s of the bank. In the session of 1851 the Legislature passed a law founded on the New York system, and it was ratified at the general election in Novem- ber. Under it, also, no bank could be organized with a smaller issue of bills than $50,000. It was also provided that if any bank refused to redeem its issue, it was liable to a tine of I2V2 per cent on the amount presented for redemption. On the face of it, the law seemed fairly to protect both tlic bank noteholder and the st-ate; but various schemes were worked to keep the people from presenting their bills for redemption. One of the most ingenious was the interchanging of bills between banks in widely sep- arated sections of the country. A bank, say. in Springfield. Illinois, would send $25,000 of its own issue to a bank in ^lassachusetts, say in Boston ; the Boston bank returning a like amount to the Springfield bank. Each bank would then pay out this money over its counter in small quantities and in this way the Springfield bank is.sue would become scattered all over New England and no person holding but a few dollars would think of coming to Springfield to get his bills re- deemed. The issue of the Boston bank would be scattered through the "West. In this way, and in other ways, the money of Illinois be- came scattered in other states, while in the ordinary business trans- action in the state one would handle a large number of bills daily which had been issued in other states. Xo doubt many corporations went into the banking business under this law with clean hands and carried on a properly conducted bank- ing business, but there were ways by which irresponsible and dis- honest men might go into the banking business and make large sums of money without very much capital invested. These banks were known as wild-cat banks. The name is said to have originated from the picture of a wild cat engraved on the bills of one of these irresponsible banks in Michigan. However, they may have been named from the fact that the words "wild cat"' were often applied to any irresponsible venture or scheme. There were, in Illinois, organized under this law. 115 banks of issue. Up to 1860 the "ultimate security" was sufficient at any time to redeem all outstanding bills, but when the Civil war came on the securities of the southern ^■tates, on deposit in the auditor's office, depreciated greatly in value. The banks were going into liquidation rapidly. They redeemed their bills at all prices from par down to 49 cents on the dollar. It is estimated that the bill-holders lost about $400,000. but that it came in such a way that it was not felt seriously. This system of banking was followed by the national banking system with which we are acquainted today. 86 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The 115 bauks of issue which were iu operatiou iu Illinois just prior to the Civil war issued uearly 1,000 different kinds of bank bills. Because of the large number of kinds counterfeiting was easy, and it is said that much of the money in circulation was counterfeit. Banks received reports as to the condition of financial institutions over the state daily. One never knew when he presented a bill in payment of a debt whether it was of any value. Often the merchant would accept this paper money only when heavily discounted. The agitation of the slavery question, which had centered around the debates on the Missouri Compi'omise and the efforts of the Free Soilers at least to restrict the spread of the institution, swept through Western Illinois, where both Lincoln and Douglas were not unfa- miliar figures. In 1858 they also electioneered in their famous contest for the United States Senate, and one of their most famous debates was held iu Washington Park, Quincy. National Banks Force Out Free Banks In February, 1863, Congress passed an act creating a natioual Ijauking system, and in that year several of the free banks of Illinois changed accordingly. All free banks which had their notes secured by bonds of the seceding states were obliged to furnish additional security, or redeem their notes and suspend. Thus the free banks began to disappear. In March, 1865, Congress passed a law which placed a ta.x on all bills issued by the state banks, which had the effect of forcing the remainder of the free banks out of business, or inducing them to join the ranks of the National banks. The National Banking Law of 1863 is the basis of the system of today. It has been greatly reinforced of late years by the statutes by which bauks are chartered and regulated by the state, and by the National enactments of even later data by which the National banks co-operate and pro- tect the entire financial .system of the countrj:- and especially promote and conserve the vast agricultural interests of the nation. The Constitution of 1870 The coming and progress of the Civil war, and how Adams County participated in it, is told in another chapter. Perhaps the next broad event affecting the county at many points was the adoption of the State Constitution of 1870. It is divided into twenty sections. Briefly, it provides for minority representation and for free schools ; prohibits the paying of money by any civil corporate body in aid of any church or parochial school ; creates fifty-one senatorial districts, each of which is entitled to one senator and three representatives; declares the inviolability of the Illinois Central Railroad tax; lays the basis of the present railroad and warehouse laws; prohibits the sale or lease of the Illinois & Michigan Canal without a vote of the people ; prohibits municipalities from subscribing for any stock in any QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 87 railroad or private corporation ; limits the rate of taxation and amount of indebtedness that may be incurred; prohibits special legislation; authorizes the ercatioii of appellate courts, and fixes th^ salaries of state officers by legislative cnactnu-nt. Since the adoption of the Constitution of 1870, the state as a topic has been broken into so many fragments that it is impracticable to treat it as a whole, and even the history of the county since that time is so divided and subdivided as to be strictly modern in its aspect. It is a most natural and logical ending to this chapter. CHAPTER V SOME YEARS PRECEDING COUNTY ORGANIZATION Illinois Bounty Land Teact and Madison County — Old Pike County — Wood and Keyes "Meet Up" — The Tillsons Speak of Quincy's Founders — The First Man and the First Woman —Agreeable All 'Round — The Old Wood Place — Mrs. Jere- miah Rose, First Quincy White Woman — Keyes and Droulard Settle — The County's First Physician — Gov. John Wood — WiLLARD Keyes— Jeremiah Rose — Asa Tyrer — Old Pike County Votes "No Convention" — Thomas Carlin — County" of Adams Created — IjOcating the Seat of Justice — John Quincy Adams Completely Immortalized. The territory now embraced within the limits of Adams County was originally a very small part of the ^Militai-j- Bounty Land Traet, which was created by Congress in ila}% 1812, and embraced all the country lying between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers as far up as fifteen north of the base line. With other lands in the territories of Michigan and Louisiana (afterward Missouri and Arkansas), that tract was set apart as a bounty to the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the Patriot army, each of whom was entitled to 160 acres, or a quarter section of land. Illinois Bounty Land Tract and JIadison County The Illinois Bounty Land Tract (which comes still closer home) was surveyed by the LTnited States Government during the yeai's 1815 and 1816. The title to that domain remained with the United States until after the distribution of the lands by patents to the respective soldiers entitled thereto. The entire tract, however, was not patented to the soldiers; a large portion of it was subsequently sold by the Government to purchasers outside of that class. The County of Madison, which was organized by proclamation of Governor Edwards March 14, 1812, embraced the entire Illinois ^lili- tary Traet — that is, the country in the present state north of a line beginning on the Mississippi River with the second township above Cahokia, and running ea.st to the Indiana Territory. Old PnjE County An act to form a new county from the Illinois bounty lands was approved on January 21, 1821. It was created as Pike County and 88 QUIXCY AliD ADAMS COUNTY 89 its bouiularii'S were deHiicd as "bcgiiuiing at the mouth of the Illinois River and running thence up the middle of said river to the fork of the same, thence up the fork of the said river until it strikes the state line of Indiana, thence north with said line to the north boundary line of this state, thence west with said line to the west boundary line of this state, and thence with said boundary line to the place of be- ginning." Pike County llitis bounded was to form part of the First Judicial Circuit. The election for county officers which completed the or- PlONEER i.\ii: IX Old Pike t'orxTv ganization nl' (Ud Pike, took place at Cole's Grove (now Gilead), Calhoun County. April 21. 1821. B\- a legislative act ai)j)r()ved December 30, 1822, the County of Pike was again bounded so as to include not only all of the Military Bounty Land Tract south of the ba.seline, but all the rest of the territory within its original limits was still attached to the county for .iudicial and political jxirposes until otherwise disposed of by the General Assembly of the state. From the foregoing record it is evident that from the organization of Madison County in 1812 to the creation of Old Pike in 1821, deeds for lands lying in the Pounty Land Tract were properly recorded in 90 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Madison County; afterward, until the formation of new counties, in Old Pike. When the boundaries of the latter were fixed in Januarj-, 1821, the entire population of that great country could not have ex- ceeded 100 whites, including a few French families on the Illinois River. Wood and Keyes "Meet Up" In the meantime, the founders of Quincy and Adams County were on their way to the new country bordering on the Mississippi. John Wood, a native of Cayuga County, New York, and Willard Keyes, a son of Vermont, young, hardy, ambitious and single, coming west to explore and settle ''met up," as the old phrase runs, in the winter of 1819, and decided, with the opening of navigation, to board a lumber raft and float down the river in a preliminary trip of inspec- tion. As ilr. Keyes says, in a lecture delivered many years afterward before the New England Society: "We floated past the model city (Quincy) on the lOtli of ilay, 1819, unconscious of our future des- tiny in its eventful history." They decided on making camp about thirty miles south of that locality in the American Bottom, and there built a log cabin in what was then ]\Iadison County, subsequently Old Pike. From that vantage point the two young adventurers sallied forth for two or three years and became so familiar with the country, in their quest for permanent homes for themselves, that their paid services were in wide demand to act as guides to strangers seeking locations, or endeavoring to reach tracts alreadj' selected. In February, 1820, with several others. Wood and Keyes started on an exploration through the southern part of the Military Tract. This journey occupied several weeks and carried them along the sec- tions adjoining the Illinois River as far north as the base line, and thence east and south toward the junction of the two rivers. The young leaders wished to inspect that locality, as the published maps of the country, defective though they were, all indicated a high bluff on the river at that point, which would always be above overflow and therefore the only really available locality north of the mouth of the Illinois River for the founding of a town. Wood and Keyes rode borrowed horses, and were fully prepared to lead their party to the promised land, but although it was piloted to the bluff's, their con- fidence and enthusiasm could not be so instilled into their co- travelers so as to induce them to actually visit the proposed site of a new town. On their southern return, the exploring party passed through the belt of timber stretching out into the prairie and known as Indian Camp Point. The locality was a favorite gathering place for fugitive Indians for several years after white settlers were quite numerous. The Wood-Keyes explorers therefore passed within about twelve miles of the present site of Quincy, and when they reached their rendez\'Ous thirty miles south they had been gone eleven days. QUINCY AND ADAMS COrXTV 91 TilE TlLLSUNS Sl'KAK OF (.^L'INX'Y's FoiNDERS The father of the late General Tillsun, who resided in the southern part of the Military Tract at this period, met the founders of Quincy iu the course of his own investigations, and made the following record in one of his journals: "Passed the night with two young baclielors from northern New York, Wood and Keyes by name. These young men propose to be permanent settlers, and have all the requisites of character to make good citizens, such as will add to the character of a community and the development of landed values about them." General Tillson himself, in his "Ili-story of (juincy," continues: "It was on one of the land-seeking excursions, as above named, in February, 1821, that Wood at last struck upon the Inng-tliought-of El Dorado. Piloting two men, Moffatt and Flynn, in search of a quarter section of land owned by the latter, it proved to be the ((uarter section immediately east of and adjoining his present (written in 1857) residence, on the corner of Twelfth and State streets. The primitive beauties of the location touched his fancy ; and lie de- termined that it was just what he desired, and should lie secured, if within his power. It was a disai)p()intment to Flynn, who was im- pres.sed with its loneliness, and said he would not have a neighbor in fifty years. He carried awa\- with him these feelings of dissatis- faction. "On Wood's return to his cabin, he lost no time in pouring into the eager ears of his partner his enthusiastic impressions, and his in- tention of returning to jilant himself for life. Catching the infec- tion, which so blended with his own predilections and desires, Keyes, at his fii"st convenience, borrowed a horse from his nearest neighl)or eight miles distant, going up alone to look at the promised land and -see for himself; he needed but a glance to become convinced that he should seek no further, or, to use his own words, that 'not the half had been told." lie laid out for the night at the foot of tiie hlutf near the river, returned on the following day, aiul thenceforth the purposes of the young adventurers were fixed. Their home was chosen, the site of the future city was selected, and they waited only the opi)ortunity to establish themselves. "These details are given as indicative of the ideas that stinnilated our ancestors in their settlement of the place. Circumstances, as has been seen, conspired to lead them to conceal the profound satisfac- tion which they entertaineerty was in doubt. The Government claimed the land ; so did Mr. Wood, who had purchased his title from Flynn and had made all the improve- ments upon it. He was phmning and preparing to farm it in the spring of 1823, although his legal .status was that of a "squatter," or trespas.ser. Had he been a soldier, with a patent title to this tract of Military- Bounty Lands, his claim would have been beyond question. Lands othcrwi.se occupied in this section were not suljject to entry or purchase until 1820. After the organization of Fulton County January 28, 1823, deeds for lands in the Military Tract, and all east of the fourth principal meridian, were properly recorded in that county until the organization of counties north of Fulton. 94 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Mrs. Jeremiah Rose, First Quincy White Woman 111 March, 1823, Maj. Jei-emiah Rose moved from Pike County, with his wife and child, and moved into Wood's cabin. Mrs. Rose was the first white woman to settle in Quincy and her daughter, afterward ]\Irs. George W. Brown, the first child. Mr. Wood boarded with the famil}', and the change from his own cooking and general domestic service to the home life offered him by the Rose family was doulitless welcome. In the spring the men broke and put under tillage about thirty acres of the land which Wood had purchased of Flynn and which he had fenced. This tract, which was first to be cultivated in the vicinit.v, was located on what would now be on both sides of State Street just east of Twelfth. During the year 1823 there was little immigration, although a few settlers dropped in at scattered points throughout the county. Asa Tyrer, who had been searching a location in the American Bottom since the summer of 1820 and taken passage for a point below on the Western Engineer, the first steamboat that ever stopped at the Quincy riverfront, located a homestead in Melrose Township, southeast of the present site, and erected a little blacksmith shop there. Rather it was part of the log cabin, to which he brought his family in the fol- lowing year. Keyes and Droulard Settle In 1824, also, Willard Keyes returned to the locality and erected a cabin on the part of the tract which he had obtained from Flynn, near what is now- Vermont and Front streets. John Droulard, an- other real accession to the neighborhood, settled at about the same time, fixing his residence near the corner of Seventh and Hampshire streets. Referring to Keyes and Droulard, General Tillson says: "This settlement of Keyes was a 'squat'; the term in those days applied to a location or residence on Government land not yet subject to entry, and was in opposition to laws which forbid such settlement and occupation. Mr. Keyes hoped, however, to obtain a pre-emption under the law which would entitle him to priority in purchase when the land became subject to sale. But the fact of its being fractional and the subsequent taking it for the county seat under the provisions of a law which reserved any quarter section from private entry that had been selected as a county seat, before its offer for sale, spoiled the hopes of the pioneer. He cared little about this, because it was mainly through him that the county seat was located where it now is, to the sacrifice of his immediate interests in the land on which he lived. This rough, little cramped cabin became a prominent build- ing, because put to many public uses in those early days. It was the 'temple of justice' where the first courthouse was held. It was the place for public assemblages where the early officials met and the QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 95 primitive organizations were matured. Sometimes it served lor re- ligious meetings (like Wood's eabin. half a mile south). It was a general free hotel for the wanderer and the wayfarer, and the tempo- rary stopping plaee of the immigrant with his family, until he could make his permanent location in the neighborhood. This was the second house built in (^lincy. "In the fall of this year (1824) came John Droulard, a French- man and a shoemaker by trade, who had served in the army. lie became the owner of the northeast quarter of Section 2, Township 2 south. Range 9 west — the 160 acres now in the center of the city lying immeiliately east of the fractional quarter on whidi Keyes had settled ; bounded by Broadway and Twelfth Street on the north and east, on the west by the alley runninfr from Maine to Hampshire between Si.xth and Seventh streets, and on the south by a line nearly half way between Kentucky and York streets. This was a choice piece of property which, in a few years. Droulai-d frittered away. Tic erected a cabin near the northeast corner of what is now Jersey and Eighth streets, a little west of w!iere the gas works are situated. These three houses — Wood's, Keyes' and Droulard's — were the only build- ings in the place in 1824." The County's Fir.st Physici.\n A Dr. Thomas Baker, the first physician to settle in Adams County, arriv.'d during the summer of 1S24, and established himself about two miles .south of the blufV. He was a learned and skillful man. A few years later, he moved north into what is now Mercer County, and shortly afterward was kicked to death by his horse. Tliere were less than 100 settlers in the country within a range of thirty miles from Messrs. Wood, Keyes, Rose (with his family), Drou- lard and Doctor Baker. In fact, the census taken during the follow- ing year gave the combined population of Adams and Hancock coun- ties as only 192. It is evident that Messrs. Wood, Keyes and Rose comprised, dur- ing the pioneer years preceding county organization and for .some time afterward, the local Triumvirate of leadership, and a pause is here taken to .set forth their lives somewhat in detail. Governor John Wood John Wood, who jH-oveil to be the largest figure of tlie three, was the first settler of Quincy, a leader in all constructive movements in the advancement of the town, cit.v and count.v, and when in his seven- tieth year served a.s governor of tlie .state, its 'luarteriiiaster general during the Civil war and commander of a Union brigade at the front. He was a man of unbowndi'd energy, as well as of generosity, and his financial ability enabled him to follow almost to the limit of his de- sires the humane and benevolent bent of his disposition. Governor 06 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Wood was born in Moravia, Cayuga County, New York, on December 20, 1798, and was the only son of Dr. Daniel and Catherine (Crouse) Wood. His father was an officer in the Revolutionary war, a man of large attainments as a scholar and a linguist, and after the close of the war settled in Cajiiga County, where he died in his ninety- third year. In after years, his body was exhumed by his son and deposited in Woodland Cemetery. In November, 1818, the future governor and general, as a young man of twenty, left his New York home with the intention of settling in the South, preferably in Ten- nessee or Alabama. His plan was to first tour the West, and, in line with that intention, he passed the winter of 1819 in Cincinnati, the summer of that year in Shawneetown, Illinois, and the winter of 1820 in Calhoun (then part of Madison) County. As stated, in March, 1820, with Willard Keyes he located thirty miles southeast of what is now Quincy, and for about two years busied himself in fanning and locating parties who desired to buy land in the American Bottoms or adjacent interior country. During the spring of 1821 ]\Ir. Wood first visited the present site of Quincy, and soon afterward purchased a quarter section of land near by, and in the fall of 1822 erected a log cabin — the first building in Quincy, though not within the original town, ilajor Rose and family resided in this house, for some time, while Mr. Wood was a bachelor. For several years prior to the election of the first Monday in August, 1824, thei'e was a considerable party in the state which favored the calling of a convention, the avowed object of which should be the changing of its constitution so as to admit slaves. The elec- tion of that date was to decide whether the convention should be called or not. Mr. Wood was greatly interested in the contest, and went up as far as Montibello (now Nauvoo) to rally the voters against the proposed change. He was so successful that he appeared at the Atlas precinct as "boss" of 100 suffragists. Evidently, the full ballot was not cast, but the calling of the convention was lost in that voting precinct by ninety-seven to three; and, as has been seen, "For Con- vention" was buried out of sight throughout the state. Governor Wood was always proud of his work in that line. Governor Wood led the movement which resulted in the creation of Adams County. In 1827 he temporarily resided at the Galena lead mines, but his permanent home was Quincy from 1822, until his death June 4, 1880, or for a period of fifty-eight years. In 1848, wath his two elder sons, he visited California, and remained nearly a year on the Pacific Coast, a witness to the historic rush of emigra- tion to that section of the United States, and twenty years later took an overland trip to the Coast, when he was able to realize that the country was destined to develop into permanent and prodigious riches and not end its promising career of the earlier years with a series of "booms." It is said that "Moral or physical fear John W^od never had. When on a trip to the Pacific Coast, the steamer on which he and his » s ss s, > !::^ » t. 00 1*. ?-l C5 00 w «■ o_ S 2 B t g - ' i g 3? ^ ■? lO 00 '-' (L= *- - ts » • 5 r" r =^ - 2 O ^ < o O O c 5 o Vol. I— r 98 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY wife were traveling from San Francisco to a port in Southern Cali- fornia ran upon a rock and was wrecked. The captain, an experi- enced and capable officer, sustained the discipline of the ship, so difficult on such occasions to maintain, and was aided by the com- manding bearing of Governor Wood. When the boats were pre- pared, and the women and children placed in them, the captain, standing by the gangway, said : ' Now, Governor Wood, you take your place. ' The answer was : ' Send these young folks first. I 'm seventy yeai-s old. Save the young.' " Throughout all the succeeding years after his first settlement. Gov- ernor Wood was almost constantly kept in public position. He was one of the vohmteers in the Black Hawk War of 1832, but in that regard he was no exception to every other able-bodied man in Adams County. He was one of the early town trustees; was often a member of the city council; served as mayor in 1844-48, 1852-54 and 1856; in 1850 was elected to the State Senate ; in 1856 was chosen lieutenant governor and, on the death of Governor Bissell in 1859, succeeded to the gubernatorial chair. Governor Yates, a man of the same rugged character, had the greatest admiration for the Old Roman, and in Februar3% 1861, selected him as one of the five delegates from Illi- nois to the Peace Convention which convened in Washington; and, after war broke upon the county, selected him as quartermaster gen- eral of the state. The governor performed the duties of the latter position with remarkable energy' and ability, during the earlier period of the war, and in June, 1864, left Quincy for ^lemphis, Tennessee, at the head of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry (a 100-days regiment). In the following mouth he was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, engaged in picket duty on the Hernando road. His regiment was attacked by the enemy, while he was on a sick bed, but he took command, rallied his brigade and the onset was repulsed. A friend said of Governor Wood: "His liberality and benefac- tions were boundless. His public generosity is proverbially known, but no count can be made of the private open-handedness that ran through his fifty years of affluence. On his town, his city, feeling it almost his own, his interest and pride forever rested. His nature was bold and frank. He had no disgiiises, no dissimulations, no fears. 'What his heart forges, that his tongue must utter, and, being armed, he even does forget there's such a thing as death,' could never be applied to one better than to him. Singularly susceptible to physical suffering, the lightest pain being to him an acute agony, his spirit nevertheless was intrepidity itself. This led him in his matured age and position, which might well have excused him therefrom, to yearn with patriotic ardor, for personal participation in the late and sec- tional strife when the Nation's life was threatened." Governor Wood's first wife was Miss Ann M. Streeter, daughter of Joshua Streeter, formerly of Washington County, New York. The wedding occurred at Quincy January 25, 1826. ]\Irs. Wood died Ql'INCV AND ADAMS COVXTV 99 Oftober 8, 1863, leaving as surviving offspring: Mrs. Ann E. Tillson, who married Col. John Tillson, and died in Omaha, Xebra.ska, March 25, 1905; Daniel C. Wood, who had married Miss i\Iary J. Abl)ernethy; John Wood, Jr., whose wile was Miss Josephine Skinner; and Joshua S. Wood, whose wife was Miss Annie Bradlej-. Governor Wooil's second marriage occurred at Quincy June 6, 1865, the lady being Jlrs. iMary A. Holmes, widow of Joseph T. Holmes. Mrs. Wood was born in Glousterbury, Connecticut, 2\Iarch 5, 1806, and died at (^uincy. January 20, 1887, nearly seven years after the death of her beloved and distinguished husband. WiLL.vRD Keyes Willard Keyes, long Mr. Wood's co-worker in local and county enterprises and always his warm friend, was six years older than the Governor. He was a Vermont man, born in Windham County, October 28, 1792. Originally, the family was from Massachusetts. The boy worked on the homestead farm, attcudeil district school when he could, mastered the trade of a wool dyer, and as a young man taught school for several winters before, at the age of twenty-five, he decided to see what the West was like. He writes in his diary that "On the second of June, A. D., 1817, being impelled by curiosity and a desire to see other places than those in the vicinity of my native town, I, Willard Keyes, started from Newfaue, Vermont, intending to travel into the western parts of the United States." Traveling by various means through Canada and by the northern lakes, he reached Prairie du Chien on the 30th of August. 1S17. There he remained in teaching, milling and other pursuits, until the spring of 1819, when, with one companion, he started on a raft for St. Louis, floating by the site of guincy, May 10, 1819. "In ^larch, 1820," the diary continues, "John Wood and myself formed a partnership to go on the frontiers and commence farming together; accordingly prepared ourselves with pro- visions, farming utensils, etc., as well as our slender means would per- mit — two small yoke of steers, a yotuig cow and a small, though promising lot of swine — our whole amount of property did not probably exceed $250. Paid $50 and $60 per yoke for small four-year old steers, $10 for small heifer, Gi/j cents per pound for fresh pork, 75 cents per bushel for corn. $8 per barrel for flour, $4 per bushel for salt, and other things in proportion." At this place in old Pike County, Mr. Keyes remained until the spring of 1824, when he moved to Quincy and built the second cabin of the place — 16 by 16 feet in size — which was afterward used as the first court room. At the formation of the county in 1825 he was chosen one of the eounty commissioners, and acted earnestly and usefully for the interests of the infant settlement for many years. He was one of the members of the first Church Association formed at Quincy in 1830, of which he remained a deacon for forty-two years, ^fr. Keyes died on February 7, 1872, having been twieo married — first to Miss Laura 100 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Harkuess, December 22, 1825, aud her death occurred ]\Iay 8, 1832, and secondly to ]Miss Mary C. Folsom, who died in November, 1864. Jeremiah Rose Maj. Jeremiah Rose was a New York man, born in the same year as his friend ilr. Kej'es. He was reared upon his father 's eastern farm, and it is said was noted for his feats of agility and strength ia which he excelled all his young companions. In 1815 he married Miss Margaret Brown, daughter of Maj. Daniel Brown, of his native town aud county, and in the fall of 1821 he moved to Atlas, Pike County, with his wife and young daughter. In the following year he formed a partnership with John Wood to build a log cabin on the site of a portion of the present site of Quincy ; but before he could commence work he became iU and hired a man to take his place aud assist Mr. "Wood. In the spring of 1823 he moved into it and boarded Mr. Wood, the Rose family representing the first woman and the first child to reside in Quincy. The latter afterward married George W. Brown. Mr. Rose resided in the log cabin thus built until 1826, when he sold out to Mr. Wood aud bought a farm just north of Quincj', upon which he resided for ten years. When the Adams County Militia was organized he was elected its major, which gave him the title by which he was generally known. In 1833 he united with the First Congrega- tional Church of Quincy in which he was always a leader while resid- ing in the city. In 1836 he moved to Henderson County, residing there on his farm for fourteen years. In 1850, however, he retunied to Quincy, where he died nine years later at the age of sixty-seven. Al- though quite retiring. Major Rose was a man of strong and positive character, being especially active and locally prominent as an Aboli- tionist and supporter of all Christian missions. His was not as broad a character as that of Governor Wood, but none of the early settlers stood as a better example of the true, industrious, uuobstrusive and ever faithful Christian. As.\ Tyrer Late in the year 1836 occurred the deaths of the first two perma- nent settlei-s of Adams Countj' — Daniel Lisle and Justus Perigo. Asa Tyrer, the first coroner of Adams County, was a native of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, born October 17, 1788. He first visited the Illinois country in 1818, that he might locate a quarter section of land in the Military Bounty Tract, which he had purchased from a soldier of the War of 1812 for the sum of $300. At the time of his visit there were no steamboats, or other public conveyances, to be used in reaching Illinois. He provided himself with knapsack and provisions, M-ith flint, steel and punk, and, after wearisome days of travel, reached St. Louis. There he crossed the Mississippi River and started northward for his intended home, afoot and alone. Reaching o o o M m ?o "») w Kl 2 O 102 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the Illinois River, he met a mau who had camped on the bank, and who was ou his way to some point about 150 miles above, journeying in a skiff which contained as cargo, a barrel of whisky. Mr. Tyrer spent the night with them all, and the next morning was rowed across the river, thanking his good luck as he resumed his journey up the Mississippi Valley. After several days travel he reached the beautiful bluffs upon which Quincy now stands, having consulted various maps and ascertained that the land which he owned and was endeavoring to locate was situated in that locality. As the Government surveyors had but recently traced the lines of the lands in that area, Mr. Tyrer found no difficulty in definitely locating his tract, and on the following day started on his return to St. Louis. Near one of the Government lines he had discovered "Watson's spring, afterward quite famous, and, on both trips to the Quincy bluffs and back to St. Louis, he saw and heard of numerous bands of Indians, herds of deer and abundance of all sorts of wild game. In the year 1822 Mr. Tyrer returned to his land on the Bluffs and built a log cabin on his tract, which was located about two miles southeast of where the courthouse in Quincy now stands. Two years afterward the entire family settled upon it. They came up the river in skiffs, two being lashed together, which served as a foundation for a platform. The structure as a whole constituted a house boat, which safely, if slowly, transported the Tyrer familj- to the landing at the bluffs. When he first located, or soon afterward, Mr. TjTcr set up a blacksmith shop and a corn grinder, or mill, on his place, which for a long time thereafter were the only institutions of the kind in Adams County. In 1825, at the organization of the county government, he became its first coroner, and served in that ofSce for two terms. He resided near Quincy for a number of years and then, during the lead- mining excitement, lived for a time at Galena. But he alwaj's held his land at his original location, and some years before his death on August 6, 1873, returned to the homestead in the Quincy neighbor- hood, where he passed the remainder of his life. Old Pike County Votes "No Convention" It was during the momentous year of 1824 that Adams County appears above the horizon of historj\ For two years the state had been stirred over the prospect that a new constitution might be adopted recognizing slavery ; but fortunately the measure calling for a conven- tion was defeated. The No Convention, or Free State party, swept the northern and western counties of Illinois at the election in August of 1824. There were but four votes in Quincy, and in what is now Adams County were a score or more. Old Pike County which then extended as far north as the base line six miles above Quincy, was thoroughly canvassed, as was the entire country as far as Rock Island. The voters turned out to a man and on Sunday mornng the day before the election, nearlv fiftv had gathered at the Bluffs, as the place was QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 103 then called. They rode to Atlas forty miles south, swiinniing the creeks which were at high water, and cast their votes on the following day. Of the one hundred votes polled at Atlas, ninety-seven were for "no convention." Thomas Cvrlin At this same elwtion, Nicholas Hanson, who had been ejected from the previous Legslatiire of Illinois was rechosen by a decisive vote, but resigned his seat before his term expired, and returned to New York, his native state. Thomas Carlin (afterward governor) was elected state senator. He held a seat in the upper legislative body for eight years, soon after came to Quincy as receiver of the Land OfiSce, and in 1838 was chosen governor. County of Ad.uis Cre.\ted On the 14th of September, 1824, the month following the election named, and in the midst of the presidential canvass in which figured Jackson, Clay, Crawford and John Quincy Adams, John Wood in- serted the following no'tice in the Edwardsville Spectator: "A peti- tion will be presented to the General Assembly of the State of Illinois at its next session praying for the establishment of a new county to be formed from the County of Pike and the parts attached, the southern boundary of which shall be between towns three and four, south of the base line." The notice having been published twelve times, as required by law, the General As.semblj' passed a bill in con- formity with the petition, which was appi'oved bj' the governor Januarj- 18, 1825. The act read as follows: "Be it enacted, that all that tract of country within the following boundaries, to-wit: beginning at the place where the township line between towniships three south and four south touches the Mississippi river, thence east on said line to the range line between ranges four and five west, thence north on said range line to the northeast corner of township two north, range five we.st, thence west on said township line to the ^Mississippi River to the place of beginning, shall constitute a county to be called the county of Adam.s." The result of the presidential election in the preceding November had determined the name of the new county. On the day appointed to choose electors for president and vice-president, the .settlers living in and around that portion of the "Kingdom of Pike" now called Adams County, determined to hold the election on home ground; otherwise they would be called upon to make the long trip to Atlas in order to east their ballots as American citizens. John Wood had come up from that place the day before with a list of the Adams electors. It is said that nobody knew the names of the Clay or Craw- ford electors; but everybody wanted to vote — even some Missourians who had crossed the river for the luirpose. So an election precinct 104 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was organized, with judges and clerks, and the twenty or more votes cast were unanimous for John Quincy Adams. The Adams elector chosen was William Harrison. There was no suggestion of going behind the returns which, on the face of them, indicated an over- whelming sentiment in favor of John Quincy. It was therefore sug- gested to the Legislature, which had already been petitioned to carve out a new county from Old Pike, that the county to be formed should be named Adams. And Adams it was named. Locating the Seat of Justice The act of January, 1825, creating Adams County appointed as commissioners to locate its permanent seat of justice, the following: Seymour Kellogg, Morgan County ; Joel Wright, Montgomery County, A Water Wheel of Old Adams County and David Sutton, Pike County. They were directed to meet at the house of Ebenezer Harkness on the first Monday in April, or within seven days therefrom; and "after taking the oath before a justice of the peace to locate the seat of justice for the future accommoda- tion and convenience of the people, shall proceed to fix the seat of justice, and when fixed it shall be the permanent seat of justice of said county; and the commissioners shall forthwith make out a copy of their proceedings and file them in the office of the recorder of Pike County; and the said commissioners shall receive the sum of two dollars per day for each day spent by them in the discharge of their duties, and for each day spent in going or returning from the same, to be paid out of the first money paid into the treasury of said cormty of Adams after its organization." On the 30th of April, 1825, Messrs. Kellogg and Dutton, two of the commissioners, came to the Town Site, as Quincy was then called, QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 105 prepared to locate the county seat. Their original plan was to place it at the geographical center of the county, and they engaged ^Ir. Keyes as a guide to assist them in carrying out that intention. It may be that their guide had his own Town Site in mind as a most likely county seat; at all events, he led the locating commissioners a merry chase through the bogs and quagmires of ilill Creek, and at nightfall they were glad to find shelter and solid footing on the crest of the bluffs. On the following morning, without another suggestion as to the geographical center of Adams Count}^, they led a proce.ssion com- posed of all the able-bodied inliabitants of the Bluffs to the Iok 7,00 Lot 7, block 14, Levi IlacUey 6.00 Lot 8, block 14, Levi Iladley 9 50 Lot 4, block 13, Levi Hadlcy 11.00 Lot 5, block 13, Levi Hadley 18.00 Lot 6, block 13, Samuel Seward 20.00 Lot 7, block 13, Levi Hadley 9.OO Lot 4, block 20, Peter Journey 16.25 Lot 5, block 20, Peter Journey 8.00 Lot 8, block 19, Jeremiah Rose 14.00 Lot 7, block 19, Jeremiah Kose 16.00 Lot 6, block 19, Rufus Brown 14.00 Lot 5, block 19, H. H. Snow 18.00 Lot 8, block 18, Asa Tyrer 14.50 Lot 7, block 18, Doctor McMillen 14.25 Lot 6, block 18, Levi Hadley 12.50 Lot 5, block 18, Levi Hadley 14.50 Lot 8, block 17, John L. Soule 10.00 Lot 7, block 17, John L. Soule 10.00 Lot 6, block 17, Daniel Moore 5.50 Lot 5, block 17, Rufus Brown 5.00 It is related that one of the old citizens of the county in comment- ing years afterward upon the opportunities presented in Quincy to acquire wealth by real estate investments, made the remark, "I remember when I could have purchased the whole of the lot on which the Quincy House now stands for a pair of boots." "Why," said the person whom he addressed, "did you not make the purchase?" "For a very good rea.soii," he answered: "it was a ca.sh offer, and T hadn't the boots." ViRST Log Courthouse After the election of otificcrs and the platting of the county scat, the most pressing matter which remained unaccomplished wa.s to provide permanent headquarters for the County Government and a home for the administration of justice through the courts. The pioneer citizens and officials of Adams County would not have put it thus impressively ; they would have said: "Next, we had to have a courthoase." Look- ing practically toward that end, on Friday, December 16, 1825, the County Commissioners' Court instructed tho sheriff to offer to the lowest bidder the building of a courthou.se of the following descrip- tion: "To be twenty-two feet long and eighteen feet wide and to be built of hewn logs seven inches thick ; to be laid as close together as they are in IVIr. Rose's house, with stone to be placed under the corners and the middle of each sill not less than eight inches high, and to be two stories high, the lower story to be eight feet high and the upper story five feet, with nine joists and eight sleepers; the 112 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY building to be covered with oak clapboards, four feet long and laid close together, and three boards thick, to be completed by the 15th of March, 1826." The structure was to contain a door and eight win- dows — four of twelve lights each and four of six lights. It was to have a double flooring of planks, each one and a quarter inches, laid on hewn puncheons. The center of the upper story was to be made of sawed planks, boards of clapboards, and that portion of the court- house was to be reached by two flights of steps. The plans called for a good stone chimney, with fireplaces in both stories, the larger one (31/2 feet wide at the back) in the lower story. First Log Courthouse The work of placing the logs was let to John Soule for $79 ; who also built the stairways. Willard Keyes put in the windows and doors, and Levi Hadley built the chimney. The first courthouse was completed according to contract, and dur- ing the following decade was used not only for the purposes planned, but as a church, schoolhouse and public hall. At one period in its history court sat downstairs and the upper story was given over to carpentry and various clerical matters. Pioneer County Legislation About the time the log courthouse was thrown open to the county at large, George Logan, the first permanent lawyer of the county, settled at Quincy and commenced practice. Through the records of the County Commissioners Court other pioneer events may also be traced. QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 113 In 1826 that body granted the first hotel license at tlie county scat to Kut'us Brown; and lie could not do business until he had paid into the country treasury the sum of $1, with clerk's fees, and had his permit stowed away in his jeans, or other safe place. At the Marcii term of the court the following rates for hotel feed and drink were fixed with all the nonchalance of the powers-that-be in 1918: For each meal of vituals, 25 cents; lodging for night, 121.4 cents; one-half a pint of whiskey, 12yo cents; half a pint of brandy, STi/o cents; half a pint of rum, 8% cents; half a pint of wine, 371/2 cents; bottle of wine, $1.00; bottle of gin, 18% cents; horse feed per night, fodder and grain, 25 cent^; single horse feed, 12iv. cents. Brown opened his cabin hotel at the corner of Fourth and Maine, where the Newcomb House now stands, and later in the year George W. Ilight opened a tavern under the hill on Front Street. One of the first rules of the County Commissioners Court, adopted September 4, 1826, was as follows: "That this court alwaj-s give their opinioft in writing on any case of controversy, and that there shall be no argument after the decision of the court is given. The court shall, in all such cases of controversy, consult together privately or otherwise, as a majority of them shall think proper ; and further, that either number of the court shall have the privilege of entering his protest, as a matter of record, to any opinion given by a majority of his court. All of which seemed businesslike and fair." Burial Ground Reserved On December 4th of that year the south half of what is now called Jefferson Square and which is the present site of the courthouse, was reserved as a burial ground for the people of Adams County, and the lot on Fifth Street immediately north was set aside for school purposes. The former tract was used as a cemetery for about nine years, when the ground at the southeast corner of ilaine and Twenty- fourth streets was purchased for that purpose, and no internments were afterward made in Jefferson Square. Although many bodies were moved to the new grounds, some of the graves could not be identified and their contents were left undisturbed. These include several of the pioneers, whose descendants still reside in the city, as well as a number of travelers passing through the town who died en route. Governor Hubbard, the second governor of the state, was among those who were interred in the old cemeterj' and whose grave could not be identified. Through the north half ot the block, which was set aside for school purposes, originally ran a deep ravine. The title to that tract was long in dispute between the city and county, but finally their differ- ences were settled, the ravine was filled up, the entire square improved and the 1876 courthouse was erected thereon. But we are far out- running the chronologj' of the story. 114 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY First Teacher and First Preacher Hardly had the little log courthouse been completed in the spring of 1826, before the few families at Quincy decided to open a school therein for the benefit of their children. Finally, somewhat late in 1827 they engaged as teacher a Presbyterian clergyman, from Abing- ton, Massachusetts, who had journeyed thus far West in hope of strengthening a feeble constitution. He was a graduate of a New England college, and a man of more than ordinary culture and char- acter. When his class had been completed it was found that its mem- bers were of all ages, some of the older scholars being young men and women as old as their teacher. The Porter School soon became one of Quincy 's most noted institutions, and about a year after it was opened, in 1828, its head commenced the first regular preaching in town, the meeting place being also the courthouse. Mi'. Porter died about 1832, and was long remembered for his talents and fine Chris- tian character. * Providing for Judge Snow's Expansion Although the County Board had ordered a jail built as early as the spring of 1827, it was not completed until some years later; and during that period there seems to have been more need of a church building than a jail. In December of that year the commissioners perceived that the public service required a separate clerk's office, as Judge Henry H. Snow was at that time holding the offices of probate judge, recorder and county and circuit clerk, and had spread himself and his official belongings all over the second story of the courthouse. The pressing question in 1S27 was to provide for the expansion of Judge Snow. Woodlavfn Cemetery Until 1836 there had been no other public burial ground than the south half of the present Jefferson Square, which had been reserved for this purpose when the town was platted in 1825. A meeting of citizens was called on June 26th of that year to consider the estab- lishment of another cemetery, which, in the following year, resulted in the purchase of the town from E. B. Kimball of about 8I/2 acres at the southeast corner of Maine and Twenty-fourth streets, now Mad- ison Park. The price paid was $642. There had probably been three hundred or more burials in the first named cemetery up to the time of its discontinuance, and most of them, as has been noted, were trans- ferred to the other cemetei-y. Many of these, at a later date, were buried in Woodland Cemetery. A. F. Hubbard's Claim to Fame As also stated, among the unidentified graves in the old cemetery was that which contained the remains of A. F. Hubbard, lieutenant- QUINCy AND ADA3IS COUNTY 115 governor of Illinois from 1822 to 1826 — "a queer charajcter," says the late Gen. John Tillson, "wliose tlaim to fame lies more on what he was not, than on what he was, and who by this accident of an undis- covered grave obtained a more widely published notoriety than any- thing his merits of public service could have secured. His residence here was brief, and his public career marked only by his absurd and futile attempts to supplant Governor Coles during the latter 's tem- poraiy absence from the state. He sought the governorship in 1826, but failed. The following slice from one of his speeches illustrates his capacity and character: 'Fellow citizens, I am a candidate for governor. I don't pretend to be a man of extraordinary talents, nor claim to be equal to Julius Caesar or Napoleon Bonaparte, and I ain't as great a man as my opponent, Governor Edwards. Yet I think 1 can govern you pretty well. I don"t think it will reijuire a very extra smart man to govern you; for to tell the truth, fellow citizens, I don't think j-ou'll be hard to govern, no how.' He was well described by Governor Coles as a 'historic oddity.' A well enough meaning man, of shallow bearings, but inordinate aspirations, type of a class which we today see still survives. ]\len whom the shrewd and sarcastic Judge Purple used to speak of as 'fellows who forced themselves on the public, claiming that they have a mission to fill, which they most always Fool-fill.' " TiiE Ghost Walks Again The ghost of the opposition to Quincy as the county seat first walked in the year 1835 and materialized in the following year. The opposition was based on the phantom advantage designated by the term "geographical center of the county," which had slight sub- stance while the country was quite raw and roads and other trans- portation facilities were negligible considerations. But even at that time, the center of the county's population was nearer Quincy than the geographical center, and although there was a strong sentiment in favor of the latter theory, it was overbalanced by those who really considered the question from the standpoint of "the greatest good to the greatest number." Accordingly, at the August election of 1835 the vote throughout the county stood: For Quincy, 618; for "com- missioners' .stake," 492. The "commissioners' .stake," while purport- ing to be in the geographical center of the county was not really so. They are said to have first decided on the southwest quarter of section 10, range 1 south, 7 west, which location is now in Gilmer Township. The locality was quite widely advertised as Adara.sburg, but when the commissioners actually arrived on the ground to fix the stake, the proprietors of the proposed seat of justice had left the state; so the former i)lanted their stake two miles and a half further east, at or near the subsequent site of Columbus. The Second Adams County Courthouse Completed iii 1838 ; Burned in 1875. The Building Stood Opposite Washington Square on Fifth Street. Here Douglas Presided as Circuit Judge, 1841-43. QUINX'Y AND ADAMS COUNTY 117 Courthouse of 1835-75 But, as stated, the people of the couuty deeidcd that thej- were, on the whole, satisfied with the location of Quiucy as their seat of justice, and in September, 1836, the County Commissioners Court invited proposals for the oonstruction of a new courthouse, to be built of "brick of the best quality and in the neatest manner, the carpenters' and joiners' work to be -of the best materials and finished in the most fashionable stylo." It was completed in 1838 and occu- pied until its destruction by fire in 1875. Three months afterward the old log courthouse went the same way. Dangers of Chronic Office Holding It should be stated that at the general election of August, 1836, Earl Pierce was chosen sheriff of the county for the sixth time. It is said that he suddenly left for Texas under a cloud ; that, though natu- rally frank and good-hearted, his long period of oflBce-holding and his free-and-easy ways got the better of his honesty. Pierce had been sheriff since 1826 and at the time of his departure was also brigadier general of the State Militia. The 1836 election also placed in county offices Thomas C. King as i-oroner and A. W. Shinu, George Taylor and John B. Young, as county commissioners. A Jail Thought Expedient and Necessary The year following the (Completion of the courthouse official steps were taken to build a jail, which had previously progressed no further than suggestions. In the proceedings of the County Commissioners Court of June 6. 1839, an order was made to build the jail which stood in the rear of the courthouse on Fifth Street and was burned in 1873. Such order read: "A\'hcreas, there is no jail or place of confinement for criminals in the County of Adams, it is therefore thought expedi- ent and neeessarj' that a jail should be built in said County of Adams for the confinement and safekeeping of criminals. It is therefore ordered that a jail be built in the Town of Quiney on the east part of the lot on which the courthouse now stands; said jail to be built with the front facing to the south and to range with the .south side of the courthouse ; said jail to be built after, and agreeable to a draft as now on file in the clerk's office. "Ordered, that the sum ^.t one thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated to Joseph T. ITolmes and J. 0. "Woodruff or bearer, for the purpose of commencing and carrying on the building of a jail in Quiney. The above sum to be issued in orders of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars each, the orders to draw twelve per cent per annum interest from the time they are taken out of the office until rcdocincd ; said orders to be redeemed in twelve months after their date." 118 QriXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The Original Election Precincts During the June meeting of 1839 the County Commissioners Court also divided the county into ten election precincts: The Northeast Precinct, for which elections were to be held at the house of Zacheus Dean, who, with Elliott Combs and Jonathan Browning, was appointed a judge thereof; Clayton Precinct, with Cj-rus Cupen, George Mc- Murray and Shannon Wallace judges of election, the house of David M. Campbell to be the polling place; Kingston Precinct, elections to be held at the house of "William Hendricks, with George AV. "Williams, Azariah Maj^eld and Richard Buffington as judges; Liberty Precinct, the house of D. P. Meaeham to be the polling place and John "Wigle, "William Hart and Jacob Hunsaker, judges; Payson Precinct, with Thomas Crocker, Alexander Furst and David Collins, judges, and the store of J. C. Bernard the polling place; Quincy Precinct, "the old judges to sei've, " and no mention made as to the place for holding elections ; Burton Precinct, for which the house of M. H. Daniels was named as the polling place and E. M. King, John Dotj- and John G. Himpkrey judges of elections ; Columbus Precinct, elections to be held in the schoolhouse at the \^llage of Columbus, with M. D. McCann, John Thomas and George Smith, judges of elections; Houston Pre- cinct, elections for which were to be held at the house of H. A. Cyrus, with David Strickler, John "W. McFarland and Richard Seaton judges, and "Woodville Precinct, all elections to be held at the village by that name under the supen-ision of Benjamin Robertson, JIartin Shurry and Simeon Curtis, judges. Columbus Fights for the County Seat In March of that year (1839) Columbus, the village at the approx- imate center of the county, was incorporated, and the Advocate started by Frank Higbee as an avowed champion of that place for the county seat as against Quincy. The election which was to test the relative strength of the candidates was held August 2, 1841, and on the face of the returns Columbus won by a vote of 1,636 to 1,545. A com- mittee of Quincy citizens was at once appointed to contest the vote. It consisted of Joel Rice, J. H. Luce, Jolm Wood and J. T. Holmes, and Abraham Wheat and Andrew Johnston, as legal counsel, rep- resented them in the proceedings before the County Commissioners Court. The first petition of the Quincy Committee was presented to William Richards, George Smith and Eli Seehorn, the county com- missioners, on September 7, 1841, and claimed that although the apparent majority in favor of Columbus was 91, in reality more than 100 illegal votes had been east for the location of the county seat at Columbus. Messrs. Richards and Seehorn gave it as their opinion that the commissioners had the legal right to hear the contest ; to go behind the returns and judge of the legality of the votes cast in the election. Commissioner Smith dissented from their opinion, and Willard Graves QUIXCY AND ADA^klS COUNTY 119 and others, reprcsontiug Columbus, through Neheuiiah Bushuell, their counsel, formally appealed from the decision of the majority of the County Commissioners Court. The appeal was granted on condition that the representative of the Columbus people bond himself in the sum of $100, to be paid provided the majority opinion should be affirmed by the higher court. Judge Stephen A. Douglas, of the Circuit Court, ordered the re- moval of the official records from Quincy to Columbus in the month following the election, but Messrs. Richards and Seehom refused to obey liis writ of inandainus. Then, in ilarch, he issued a peremptory writ, and the Quincy people appealed to the State Supreme Court. It was argued before that body in July by George C. Dixon for the commissionei-s and Archibald Williams for the Columbus claimants, and the decision was ordered deferi-ed until December. ilARQCETTE AXD HlGHL^lND COUXTIES At this point, we again fall back upon General Tillson's annals. "Immediately after the August election of 1842," he says, "the con- test took a new shape, and a bombshell was thrown into the Columbus camp which broke its unity and resulted in the full defeat of all its aspirations. At a meeting held in Quincy on the 26th of October the proposition was agreed to that the Legislature should be asked to divide the county by cutting off the ten townships on the eastern side of Adams, and thereby form a new county. Columbus was asked to unite with this movement, but refused. In fact. Columbus could not safely agree to it, for the reason that the town lies on the extreme western edge of the proposed new county — a part of it being in Gilmer Township — and the village would thus be cut in two. The same ob- jection would then lie against Columbus as a county seat — 'away at one side of the county ' — that had before been used against Quincy. "This project stirred into activity everj- local interest in the county and proved that the previous movement had not been based on a preference for Columbus merely, but for a county center. A half score of plans were started for outlining new counties, most of them not favoring a division of the county, but demanding, if a division of the county should be made, that it should be so outlined as to make a central point the county seat, most generally ignoring Columbus. Some of these proposed to take in part of Hancock, some part of Schuyler, and some part of Brown or Pike: and all seemed to have forgotten about Columbus. The end was not difficult to foresee. "This movement, adroitly originated for a division of the county, so as to compromise the differences between eastern and western sec- tions, practically decided, at the very outset, that the county seat ultimately would remain at Quincy. Time had been gained, and the issue transferred itself again to the State Legislature, which then convened everj- two years on the first Monday in December. "As carlv as the 19th of December, at the session of 1842-43, 120 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Mr. Wheat, one of the representatives from Adams County, intro- duced a bill for the division of tlie county based upon the proposition which had been made and adopted at tlie meeting at Quiney on the 26th of October. Upon this, there followed a flood of petitions for and remonstrances against the proposed action, coming from all parts of the county, with eveiy variety of project, proposition and sugges- tion. It was made a matter of long, bitter and doubtful discussion, and came to a final determination in the early part of 1843, resulting in a nominal division of the county, which separation stood as of a record which was never practically completed throughout the following five years. ' ' The act creating Marquette from the eastern part of Adams was approved February 11, 1843, and provided that the justices of the peace within the limits of the original territory, as well as Daniel Harrison, school commissioner ; George Smith, one of the countj- com- missioners, and Jonas Grubb, coroner — all of whom resided in old Adams County — should hold over as officials of the newly erected county. The State Supreme Court decided in a test case, which An- drew Redman (who had been elected a justice of the peace for the Columbus Precinct, Marquette County) brought against Nicholas Wren, clerk of Adams County, to compel the latter to issue Redman a certificate of election — that Marquette Countj^ was an independent political body and absolutely separate from Adams. That was the decision of Judge Thomas, the successor of Judge Douglas to the Circuit Bench. But though elections took place in Marquette County, at stated times and places, no officers ever qualified and it paid no taxes to either state or county for the term of five years; and during these several years of contention over the county seat and Marquette County, Co- lumbus continued actually the seat of justice. But E. H. Buckley, a law;s-er of Columbus and one of its strongest champions, was elected to the Legislature in 1846 and appeared in his seat therein when the session opened in December. He prepared a bill, and overcame strong opposition to it, changing the name of Marqiiette, and creating from its old territoiy, with the addition of a small portion of Gilmer Township, the County of Highland. His bill became a law in February, 1847, and he afterward represented Highland County in the Legislature. The two counties were reunited in 1846 under the good old name of Adams County. Judicial Reform and Slavery The next event of importance to vitally affect Adams County was the promulgation of the constitution of 1848. In March of that year the instrument which had been framed at Springfield in the summer of 1847 was submitted to the people for ratification. The features which had caused the most discussion were those in regard to the elective judiciary of the Circuit Bench and the creation of a sep- QUI.NX'Y AXD ADA-MS fOUXTY ]21 arate State Supreme Court; barring slaves from Illinois, and the pro- posed tax of two mills on the dollar to be applied to the reduction of the public debt. lu Adams County, out of a total of 2,241, the majority for the constitution proper was 923. Township Organization Adopted Under the constitution of 1848, Adams was one of the first coun- ties in the state to adopt the system of township organization. Under the old system most of the local business was transacted by three commissioners in each county, who constituted a County Court which held quarterly sessions. During the period ending with the constitutional convention of 1847, a large portion of the state had been settled by a population of New England birth or character, daily growing more and more compact and dissatisfied with the compara- tively arbitrary and inefficient county system. Under the stress of this feeling, the constitutional provisions of 1848, and the law of 1849 extending them, were enacted, permitting counties to adopt town- ship organization. Those north of the Illinois River, comprising the bulk of the New England population, adopted the change earlier than those in the southern portion of the state, which clung more tenaciously to the more aristocratic form of county government which originated in the Old Dominion. In December, 1849, Adams County effected its transformation from the old county system, centering in the Coimty Commissioners Court, to the plan of township representation as embodied in the Board of Supervisors. On the sixth of that month, the court appointed Thomas Enlow, Augustus E. Bowles and William Berry- as commis- sioners to divide the countj- into townships. They reported on the eighth of the following IMarch (1850), with the following township divisions, twenty in all : Clayton. — The whole of Congressional Township, 1 north, 5 west. North East. — The whole of Congressional Township. 2 north, 5 west. Camp Point. — The whole of Congressional Township, 1 north, 6 west. Houston. — The whole of Congressional Town.ship, 2 north, 6 west. Honey Creek. — The whole of Congressional Township, 1 north, 7 •west. Keene. — The whole of Congressional Township, 2 north, 7 west. Ursa. — The whole of Congressional Township, 1 north, 8 west, and of fractional township 1 north, 9 west, and all that portion of countrj* in townships 2 north, 8 west and 2 north, 9 west, which lies south of Bear Creek. Lafa.vette. — All that portion of country in townships 2 north, 8 west. 2 north, 9 west, and fractional township 2 nortii, 10 west, which lies south of .said Bear Creek. Jackson. — The whole of Congressional Township 1 south, 5 west, and the north half of Congressional Township 2 south. 5 west. 122 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Beverly .^The whole of Congressional Township 3 south, 5 west, and the south half of Congressional Township 2 south, 5 west. Columbus. — The whole of Congressional Township 1 south, 6 west. Liberty. — The whole of Congressional Township 2 south, 6 west. Kichland. — The whole of Congressional Township 3 south, 6 west. Dover. — The whole of Congressional Township 1 south, 7 west. Burton. — The whole of Congressional Township 2 south, 7 west. Payson. — The whole of Congressional Township 3 south, 7 west. EUington. — The whole of Congressional Township 1 south, 8 west, and fractional to\\^lship 1 south, 9 west, except that portion of said fractional township included in the corporate limits of the City of Quiney. Melrose. — The whole of Congressional TowTiship 2 south, 8 west, and fractional township 2 south, 9 west, except that portion of said fractional township included within the corporate limits of the City of Quiney. Benton. — The whole of Congressional Township 3 south, 8 west, and fractional township 3 ^outh, 9 west. Quiney. — The whole of the coi'porate limits of the City of Quiney. First Board of Supervisors The first Board of Supervisors of Adams County met in the old courthouse on June 3, 1850, and those present were John P. Bobbins, John M. Ruddell, Grason Orr, Baptist Hardy, Jabez Lovejoy, John T. Battell, Joseph Kern, Alexander M. Smith, David Wolf, Willistou Stephens, Solomon Cusiek, Thomas Bailey, William H. Tandy, Robert G. Kay, Thomas Crocker, Stephen F. Safford and Edward Sharp. Mr. Tandy was chosen chairman and the following changes were made in the names of townships : From Lafayette to Lima, Benton to Fall Creek, Dover to Gilmer, Richland to Richfield, and Jackson to Con- cord. Various tax matters were settled; the paupers of the county provided for; it was resolved that the board "grant no license to any one to sell ardent spirits in the county," and the grand and petit jurors were named for the October term of the Circuit Court. The report of the county treasurer for three months of 1850 indicates that he had received a trifle over $2,744 from all sources and expended all but 35 cents of it. That official was ordered to borrow $1,500 to meet expenses, at a rate of interest not to exceed 10 per cent. The Twenty Polling Precincts The Board of Supervisors at its next meeting, November 1, 1850, divided the county into twenty precincts, with judges and polling places as follows: Quiney. — Polling place, courthouse, with Adam Schmitt, Lorenzo Bull and William B. Powers judges of election for the first poll, and J. D. Morgan, Christopher Dickhute and Robert S. Benneson, judges of the second poll. QUINCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 123 Ellington.— Polling place, stone house known as the "old Jacobs place"; Samuel Jameson, A. E. Bowles and William C. Powell, judges of election. Ursa. — Polling place, the Ui-sa Schoolhouse; judges of election, William Loughlin, Gabriel Keath and Joel Frazier. Lima. — Polling place, Beebc House, Village of Lima; judges of election, E. P. Wade, Henry .Xulton and Thomas Hillui-n. Honey Creek. — Polling place, schoolhouse on section 16; judges of election, John A. White, John Johnson and L. A. Weed. Keene. — Polling place, schoolhouse on section 16; judges of elec- tion, William H. Robertson, R. L. Thurman and James Shannon. Houston. — Polling place, brick schoolhouse on section 16; judges of election, David Strickler. Samuel Woods and John Kern. Northeast. — Polling place, Franklin Schoolhouse; judges of elec- tion, Elliott Combs, E. B. Hoyl and William Robins. Camp Point. — Polling place, JIcFarland Schoolhouse: judges of election, John Robertson, Lewis ilcFarland and William Thompson. Clayton. — Polling place, postoflSce in Clayton Village; judges of election, Hiram Boyle, Thomas Curry and James C. Carpenter. Concord. — Polling place, house of Elisha Turner; judges of elec- tion, John Ansemuse, David Hobbs and Elisha Turner. Columbus. — Polling place, red schoolhouse in Village of Colum- bus; judges of election, Francis Turner, James Thomas and Geoi'ge Johnson. Gilmer. — Polling place, McNeil Schoolhouse; judges of election, Thomas D. Warren, John Lummis and John I. Gilmer. Jr. Liberty. — Polling place, schoolhouse in Village of Liberty; judges of election, Ira Pierce, Ebenezcr Chaplin and Lewis J. Thompson. Beverly. — Polling place, house of Solomon Perkins; judges of elec- tion, Isaac Perkins, James Sykes, Jr., and George W. Williams. Richfield. — Polling place, center schoolhouse; judges of election, James Woods, Henry Farmer and Isaac Cleveland. Burton. — Polling place, wagon shop of llr. Enlow; judges of election, Samuel G. Blivens, William Richards and Joseph Lcverctte. Payson. — Polling place, house of Benjamin Hoar, Village of Pay- son ; judges of election, Thomas J. Shepherd, William Shinn and John 0. Bernard. Fall Creek. — Polling place, center schoolhouse; judges of election, Silas Beebe, John Bean and Joseph Journey. Melrose. — Polling jilace, schoolhouse near Amos Bancroft's; judges of election, Xoah Swain, John Wood and Amos Bancroft. OfPICI.\L ACCOMIIODATIONS EXTENDED Several years after the county had thus been divided into town- ships and organized, civilly and politically, under the township .system, the authorities decided to do something toward the improvement of the official accommodations. To be more exact, in 1853 the old brick 124 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY courthouse ou the east side of Washington Square was extended in the rear, and by an arrangement between the city and county, the municipality obtained the use of one of the large lower rooms for a council chamber and clerk's office, which was thus occupied during the succeeding fourteen years. Fire Forces Building of New Courthouse Agitation over the question of a presentable courthouse had com- menced among the county solons and citizens in general, several years before the structure was completed; and then it might not have been finished had not the old courthouse been rendered useless by fire. The matter was discussed in the local press and by public-spirited citizens some time in 1868 before the County Board took official cognizance of it. At the December term of that body a committee was appointed to attend the Legislature and secure authority to issue bonds and take other steps to build a new courthouse and jail. Its members were Perry Alexander, Silas Bailey, A. "W. Blakesly, Benjamin Bei'rian and James H. Hendriekson. The object of their visit was accomplished, but in Februarj', 1869, the Board of Supervisors refused to approve the bill passed by the Legislature. The project seemed to rest most quiescent until on the ninth of January, 1875, when flames licked up most of the framework of the old courthouse, fortunately t^paring the books and records which were moved to neighborhood buildings. The jail, at the rear of the court- house, also escaped, although some of the sheriff's boarders were escorted to the city police station to be perfectly safe and provided for possible contingencies. After holding several meetings the County Board decided to pro- vide quarters for the sherifi', county and circuit clerks and the several courts in the partially destroyed courthouse. Portions of the first floor were repaired for these pui-poses, and, although the accommo- dations were anj^thing but convenient and comfortable, especially in the summer months, the county officials, judges and the' public made the best of an unavoidably bad situation. While the repairs were progressing, the county and circuit clerks had their offices in Dill's Block, between Sixth and Seventh streets. The temporaiy official quartei'S were occupied until the new courthouse was completed in 1877. CoATSBURG Subsides Numerous meetings were held on the issue for or against removal of the count}^ seat, which was to be decided at the coming election in November. Coatsburg was the only place in the running against Quiney, and its claims for the advisability of making the change were its more central location, the probable saving of expense if the new courthouse should be built at that point, and the large number of QLIXLV AND ADAMS fUUNTV TJO voters who had signed the petition for removal. The speakers for Quiuey were largely in the majority. Such as Col. William A. Rich- ardson, Hon. A. H. Browning and lion. J. W. Carter, with numerous lesser lights, pressed home their points for Quincy, while John Hen- drickson held the fort for Coatsburg. The entire vote polled was 7,281, and the majority against removal was 4,172, which seemed to lay the pretensions of Coatsburg in the dust as far as the county seat was concerned. Jefferson Squ.x^re Selected as Site Although various sites were offered for the proposed new county buildings, the contest finally settled down to a rivalry between Jeffer- son Square and Washington Park. In May after the fire the County Board received a communication from the City Council offering to deed Jefferson Square to the county, in ease an agreement could be made to build a courthouse thereon. Later the County Board voted in favor of Washington Pai-k, but at its September meeting (1875) accepted the city's proposition and declared, by seventeen ayes and fourteen nays, that Jefferson Square was preferable. A further reso- lution was adopted requesting the City Council of Quincy to prepare the deeds conveying the square to the county and have them approved by the county attorney : linally, that the deeds be deposited in the hands of a third party, and in the event of the removal of the county seat to Coatsburg. or any other point outside the City of Quincy, the papers mentioned should be returned to the party making the same. In the meantime V. S. Penfield had been in custody of the papers conveying the citj-'s interest in Jefferson Square to the county, in case the seat of justice remained at Quincy. Now it was perfectly safe to pass them over. Therefore, although the deed to the north half of Jefferson Square was executed October 1, 1875. by Robert S. Benneson, president of the Board of Education, and Albert Demaree, clerk, it was not received and entered of record on the count}' clerk's books until at the special December meeting of the Board of Super- visors in tliat year. Steps ix Buildixg of Present Courthouse In the meantime the plan of John S. McKean had been accepted out of three submitted, after several doubtful points regarding the strengrth of the main supports had been settled by Captain Eads in favor of the architect. A majority of the Building Committee of the board submitted a detailed report of plans and specifications in Jan- uary, 1876, and further recommended the construction of a jail in the ba.sement of the new courthouse at a cost of .$20,000. which would probably bring the entire cost of the building to .$215,000 or $220,000. Pending the consideration of this report, the board was notified of the death of William A. Richardson, one of the supervisors. -<©f a o Eh fe O H cc O o a m a QUIXCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 127 At the Febniary meeting in 1876 a communication was received from the mayor ol' Quiney, suggesting the Fourtli of July as an appro- priate day for laying the corner-stone of the new courthouse. The bond of Architect IMcKean for $10,000 was also received and ap- proved. In pursuance of an order issued by the Board of Supervi.sors and a vote of popular approval at the fall election of 1876, an issue of $200,- 000 eight per cent bonds was autliorized to aid in the building of the courthouse. In July of the following year it was ordered that half of that amount, which had been printed but not issued, be destroyed, and that a new issue be put out — one-half payable in March, 1881, and one-half in March, 1882. At the same time, Messrs. Larkworthy and Burge tendered to the use of the board the use of the courthouse for that session, with the proviso, on the part of that body, that an ac- ceptance of such offer should not be construed as an acceptance of the building. On the ninth of July, 1877, the Board of Supervisors held its first meeting in the new courthouse, and a few days afterward it was form- ally accepted as satisfactorj- from the hands of its builders. The cost of its construction had considerably exceeded the original estimates, amounting to nearly $290,000; and yet, in resigning as chairman of the Board of Supei"\'isors, several months after the courthouse had been occupied, Ira Tj-ler wrote to his co-workers as follows : ' ' Fur the last two years your duties have been very arduous and difficult. Witliin that period you have constructed a courthouse and jail, which is one of the most substantial, beautiful and economically constructed liuildings in the West, and at so small a cost for that class of a building, that scarcely a tax-payer in the county is dissatisfied. So low have been the bids that it is believed that no contractor has made a fair profit, w^hile some have lost money." As completed, the handsome structure, two stories and basement, was of brick faced with cut .stone, 105 by 175 feet in dimensions. A massive and ornate dome rose above the slate roof to a height of ninety feet and at the four extreme angles of the building were four turreted towers. The style of exterior architecture may be called an adaptation of the Corinthiaif order, or Renaissanoe. In each of the four fronts is a spacious double portico, approached by a wide staircase which gives access to the first storj\ The basement, eleven feet in height, con- tained the jail, with the heating apparatus for the courthouse. On the first floor were the offices of the county and circuit clerks, the county treasurer, sheriff, recorder, collector and surveyor. The sec- ond story was devoted to a chamber for the Board of Supervisors, the County Courtroom and the Circuit Court, and private rooms for the judge and juries, and the first sitting of the latter body was held Oc- tober 22. 1877. Since the completion of the courthouse in 1877, many changes for the better have been made in its interior accommodations and arrange- ments to meet the growing demands of the years as to sanitation, eon- 128 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY venience and comfort. The county superintendent of schools has his cfSces in the second story. In 1878, the next year after the courthouse was built, the pastors of Quincy filed an objection with the Board of Supervisors to using the basement as a county jail, and every exam- ination by the state auditors has criticised that arrangement. "How- ever," says Judge Lyman McCarl, in one of his historical addresses, "the basement has been used as a jail from the time of its construction, thirty-eight years ago (delivered in 1916), and during all that time not a single death has occurred as the result of a disease contracted in this jail." All the interior surroundings of the courthouse are modern and sanitary, and the well-kept grounds without, which rise gradually from the four thoroughfares bounding the square, make an attractive and imposing setting for the structure which is stately of itself. Representatives of the County Adams County has had many able representatives both in the county and the state governments, as the following roster will show. In the earlier years, when the population was meager, most of the able citizens of the county were drawn into public affairs of more or less prominence, but with the increase of settlers it was not nec- essary to call upon the same lot continuously. Judge Henry H. Snow, Earl Pierce, Asa Tyrer, William H. Tandy and others, who had almost a monopoly on office-holding for many years, walked from the scene and their successors were legion. County Officers, 1825-69 James Black, recorder July 8, 1825 Levi Headley, sheriff August 30, 1825 Asa Tyrer, coroner August 30, 1825 Henry H. Snow, judge probate September 15, 1825 Henry H. Snow, judge probate January 23, 1826 Henry H. Snow, recorder January 23, 1826 Hugh White, surveyor. . ; .-January 23, 1826 Earl Pierce, sheriff September 6, 1826 Asa Tyrer, coroner September 6, 1826 Heman Wallace, coroner September 6, 1828 Earl Pierce, sheriff December 5, 1828 Earl Pierce, sheriff November 27, 1830 Thomas Moon, coroner November 27, 1830 Earl Pierce, sheriff September 5, 1832 William P. Reader, coroner September 5, 1832 H. Patton, surveyor April 28, 1834 Harris Patton, surveyor , June 2, 1834 J. M. Wliiting, coroner August 22, 1834 Earl Pierce, sheriff August 29, 1834 QUINCV AND ADAM.S lOLXTV 1^9 Harris Patton. surveyor Dot-omlier 24, 1834 C. M. Billiugton, recorder August 22, 1835 Harris Patton, surveyor August 22, .1835 Thomas C. King, coroner August 24, 1836 Earl Pierce, sheriff AugiLst 24, .1836 Wm. G. Flood, probate judge February 17, 1837 Will. II. Tandy, sheriff Xovoinljcr 29, 1837 Wni. II. Tandy, sheriff Augu.st 21, 1838 Jas. JI. Hattan, coroner Augu.st 23, 1838 Jno. II. Ilolton, recorder August 17, 1839 Joel G. Williams, surveyor August 17, 1839 Thomas Jasper, sheriff August 12, 1840 John T. Gilmer, coroner August 12, 1840 Jonas Grubb, coroner August 12, 1842 "Wm. H. Tandy, sheriff August 13. 1842 John H. Ilolton, recorder August 29, 1843 Thos. J. Williams, surveyor August 29, 1843 James il. Pittman, sheriff August 12, 1844 L. Frazt-r. coroner Augu.st 16, 1844 James .M. Pittman, sheriff August 18, 1846 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner August 18, 1846 John II. Ilolton, recorder August 19, 1847 Washington Wren, sheriff August 16, 1848 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner August 16, 1848 Philo A. Goodwin, county judge .Xovember 17, 1849 J. C. Bernard, county clerk Xovember 22, 1849 Peter Lott, circuit clerk September 4, 1848 Abner K. TIninphrey, sheriff Xovember 20, 1850 Thaddeus .Monroe, coroner Xovember 20, 1850 B. I. Chatten, surveyor Xovember 22, 1851 Levi Palmer, sheriff Xovember 20, 1852 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner Xovember 20, 1852 C. M. Woods, circuit clerk Xovember 20, 1S52 G. W. Luch. county clerk Xovember 21, 1853 W. H. Cather, county judge Xovember 20, 1853 A. Touzalin, .school commissioner February 21. 1854 John Field, county clerk April 11. 1854 William Lane sheriff Xovember 15, 1854 Thaddeus Mojiroe, coroner Xovember 15, 1854 15. I. Chatten, surveyor November 15. 185.") John P. Cadogan, sheriff November 12, 1856 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner November 12. 1856 Thomas W. Macfall, circuit clerk November 14, 1856 Wm. II. Cather. county judge Xovember 21, 1857 Alex. Johnson, county clerk Xovember 21, 1857 B. I. Chatten. county surveyor Xovember 21, 1857 Wilson Lance, treasurer November 3. 1857 A.sa W. Blake.sly, .school eommi.ssioner Xovember 3. 1857 Vol. I— » 130 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY J. H. HendricksoD, sheriff November 10, 1858 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner November 10, 1858 N. T. Lane, school commissioner 1859 Eli Seehorn, county treasurer 1859 B. I. Chatten county surveyor 1859 Wm. M. Avis, school commissioner December 25, 1860 Maurice Kelly, sheriff November 26, 1860 W. S. M. Anderson, circuit clerk November 26, 1860 James Wimean, coroner November 26, 1860 E. B. Baker, county judge November 18, 1861 Alex. Johnson, county clerk November 18, 1861 Peter Smith, county surveyor November 18, 1861 John Steinagel, sheriff November 28, 1862 Geo. D. Watson, coroner November 28, 1862 F. G. Johnson, county treasurer November 13, 1863 Peter Smith, county surveyor November 13, 1863 H. S. Davis, school commissioner 1863 Samuel T. Brooks, circuit clerk November 28, 1864 "Wm. L. Humphrey, sheriff November 28, 1864 Geo. D. Watson, coroner November 28, 1864 Chas. H. Morton, county clerk November 15, 1865 Thos. J. Mitchell, county judge .November 22, 1865 Seth W. Grammer, superintendent of schools November 22, 1865 Chas. Petrie, county surveyor November 25, 1865 Thos. W. Gaines, county treasurer November 25, 1865 Henry C. Craig, sheriff November 25, 1866 John W. jMorehcad, circuit clerk November 26, 1866 Alex. Brown, coroner November 28, 1866 Peter Smith, surveyor November 28, 1867 Joseph Lummis, treasurer November 22, 1867 J. M. Earel, sheriff November 17, 1868 John W. Morehead, circuit clerk November 19, 1868 Alex. Brown, coroner November 30, 1868 Thos. J. Mitchell, county judge November (2) 23, 1869 Chas. H. Morton, county clerk November (2) 10, 1869 N. Morehead. circuit clerk Wm. Fletcher, treasurer November (2) 30, 1869 B. I. Chatten, surveyor November (2) 18, 1869 Jno. H. Black, superintendent of schools November (2) 29, 1869 The Decade, 1870-79 1870 — Napoleon ilorehead, circuit clerk: John M. Kreitz, sheriff; Alexander Brown, coroner. 1871 — Edwin Cleveland, treasurer ; Philip Fahs, surveyor. 1872 — ^W. G. Ewing, state's attorney; George Brophy, circuit clerk; G. C. Trotter, sheriff; Alexander Brown, coroner. 1873 — J. C. Thompson, county judge; Willis Hazelwood, county clerk. QllXCY AND A DA. MS colXTY 131 1^7-1 — George W. Craifr. .sheriff: Alex. Brown, coroner. 1875 — S. G. Earel, trea.surer; 8eth. J. Morey, surveyor. 1876— William H. Govert, state's attorney; George Brophy, cir- • iiit clerk: John 8. Pollotk, sheriff; Elihu Seehorn, coroner; Philip Fahs, surveyor. 1877— Benjamin F. Berrian, county judge: Willis Ilazelwood, county clerk ; Anton Binkert, treasurer; John II. Black, superintendent of schools. 1878— Edwin Cleveland, county treasurer ; John H. Black, super- intendent of .schools. 1879 — Henry Ording, sheriff; Elihu Scchorii, coroner. Covering 1882-1918 County Treasurers— 1882, John 8. Cruttenden ; 1886. John B. Kreitz; 1890. James B. Corrigau; 1894, George :\rcAdams; 1898, James -McKinnay; 1902. Frank Sonnet; 1906, HIatcliford A. McCoy; 1910, Joseph L. Thomas; 1914-18, E. W. Peter. Surveyors— 1880, Peter Smith ; 1885, John R. Xevins: 1888, Fergu- son A. Grover; 1896, Edward C. Wells; 1900, F. L. Hancock; 1904 W. H. UeGroot: 1912-15, Lilburn Richard.son (deputy under ;\Ir. De- Groot, died in June, 1915, v, hile in office) ; II. D. Mueller appointed to fill out unexpired term in 1915. and elected in 1916 (still in office). Coroners— 1888, Tchabod H. .Miller; 1892, Michael Ryan; 1896, William K. Ilasclwood : 1900. Benjamin B. Lummis ; 1904. W. R. Thomas; 1908, Michael J. Ilealey; 1916, Lawrence Amen. State's Attorneys— 1884. Oscar P. Bonney: 1890. Carl E. Epler, filled out Bonney 's term; 1892, Albert Akers; 1896, George H. Wil- son; 1900, Clay Crewdson ; 1904, William B. Sheets; 190S. John T. Gilmer: 1912, Fred G. Wolfe: 1916. J. LcRoy Adair. Circuit Clerks— 1896, Joseph L. Sheridan; 1900. Hiram R. Wheat: 1904, Sanford C. Pitney ; 1908. Erde W. Beatty (still in office^. George Brophy served as circuit clerk from 1876 to 1896. County Clerks — 1897, Jackson R. Pierce; 1910, John A. Connery; 1914, W. J. Smith (in office). Willis Ilasclwood was county clerk from 1877 to 1897. County Judges— 1894, Carl E. Epler; 1902, Charles B. McCrory; Judge McCrory resigned in the spring of 1910 and, under appointment from the governor. J. Frank (iarner served until December of that year; Lj-man JleCarl, since that month. Circuit Judges— 1879, John II. Williams; 1885, William Marsh; 1891, Oscar P. Bonney; 1897. John C. l?roady ; 190:i. Albert Akers (still on the bench). Judge Joseph Sibley was on the circuit Vnch from 18.55 to 1879. Sheriffs— 1880, R. M. Gray: 1882, Ben Heckle; 1886. Richard Sea- ton; 1890, J. W. Vancil; 1894. Adolph F. Roth; 1898, John Roth; 1902, Ed Smith; 1906. Bennett W. Thomas: 1910, Joseph If. Lipps; 1914, John Coens (in office). 132 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Recorders— 1892, Ben. Heckle; 1896, Rolla McNeall; 1900, Ben. Heckle; 1904, David P. Lawless; 1908, James M. Buffington (iu office). Legislative Representatives (Unless otherwise stated from Adams County) State Senators— Elected in 1818, George Caldwell, of Madison Coimty ; 1822, Theophilus W. Smitli, of Madison ; 1826, Thomas Car- lin, of Greene ; 1828, Henry J. Ross, Pike ; 1832, Archibald Williams ; 1836. 0. H. Browning; 1840, James H. Ralston; 1844, Jacob Smith: 1848, Hugh L. Sutphen, Pike; 1850, John Woods; 1853, Solomon Parsons. Pike ; 1854, William H. Carlin ; 1858, Austin Brooks ; 1862, B. T. Schofield, Hancock; 1S66, Samuel R. Chittenden; 1870, J. N. Richardson ; 1870, Jesse Williams, Hancock ; 1872, George W. Burns ; 1873, Maurice Kelly; 1874, Bernard Arntzen; 1878-85, JIaurice Kelly (resigned August 5, 1885) ; 1886-90, George W. Dean; 1890-97, Albert W. Wells (died and succeeded by John Mc Adams) : 1897-1902. John McAdams ; 1902, Thomas Meehan, Scott ; 1904, Thomas Bare, Cal- houn ; 1908, Campbell S. Hearne, who died in 1914 and was succeeded bj' the present encumbent, Chas. R. McNay. Representatives — 1818. Abraham Prickett, Madison County ; 1818, Samuel Whitesides, Monroe ; 1818, John Howard ; 1820, Nathaniel Buckmaster, Madison ; 1820, William Otwell ; 1820, Joseph Bronaugh ; 1822, X. Hansom, Pike (ejected) ; 1826, Henry J. Ross, Pike; 1826, Levi J. Roberts; 1828, John Turney, Peoria; 1828, John Allen, Joe Daviess: 1828, A. W. Caverly, Greene; 1830, Joel Wright, Fulton: 1830, Samuel C. Pearce, Calhoun; 1830, Charles Gregory: 1832, Wil- liam G. Flood; 1832, Philip W. Martin; 1834, William Ro.ss, Pike; 1834, Thomas H. Owen; 1836, George Galbraith ; 1836, James H. Ralston; 1837. Archibald Williams; 1838, A. Williams; 1838, William G. Flood ; 1840, Robert Star ; 1840, William Laughlin ; 1842, John G. Humphrey; 1842, 0. H. Browning; 1842, A. Jonas: 1842, R. W. Star: 1842, P. B. Garrett; 1842, A. Wheat: 1844, Peter Lott; 1844, William Hendrix; 1844, William Miller; 1846, I. N. Morris; 1846, William Hendrix: 1846. James H. Seehorn; 1846, E. H. Buckley. :\Iarr|nette (then attached to Adams) ; 1848, 0. C. Skinner; 1848, John ilarriott: 1850, J. R. Hobbs ; 1850, J. M. Pittman ; 1851, J. W. Singleton, Brown ; 1852. John Moses, Brown; 1852, J. Wolf; 1853. J. W. Singleton. Brown ; 1853, H. Boyle ; 1854, Eli Seehorn : 1854, H. V. Sullivan ; 1856, Samuel Holmes; 1856-58, M. M. Bane: 1858, W. Metcalf ; 1860, J. W. Singleton. Browai ; 1860, "\V. C. Harrington; 1862. A. E. Wheat; 1862. William Brown ; 1864, Thomas Redmond ; 1864, William T. Yeargain ; 1866, Henry L. Warren; 1866, P. G. Corkins; 1868. Thomas Jasper; 1868, John E. Downing: 1870, George J. Richardson: 1870, H. S. Trimble: 1870, Maurice Kelly; 1872, Ira M. Moore: 1872, Charles Ballon; 1872, N. Bushnell: 1873, John Tillson ; 1873. A. G. Griffith: uriN( V AND ADA.MS ((ilXTY 133 1874, Ira M. Moore; 1874, R. H. Downing; 1874, J. C. Bates; 1876, H. S. Davis; 1876, J. II. Hendriukson ; 1876, Thoma.s G. IMack; 1878, Alisaloin Saiiuiols; 1878, Joseph \. Carter; 1878, Samuel Miloliaiii; 1880, Joseph X. Carter; 1880, John MeAdams; 1880, William A. Rieh- ardson; 1882, Thomas G. Bhuk: 1882. James E. Purnell; 1882. James E. Downing': 1884, Fred 1". Taylor; 1SS4. Sainiiel Mileliam ; 1S84- 88, William H. Collin.s; 1886-90, Albert W. Wells; 1886-90, Ira Tyler; 1888, A. S. McDowell: 1890, Jonathan Parklun-st ; 1890-94. George C. MeCroiie ; 1892, :Mitcliell Dazey ; 1892. Joel W. Bonney ; 1894-8, fharles F. Kincheloe; 1894-1900, Elmer E. Perry, Brown County: 1894, George W. Dean; 1896, George W. :Montg(miery ; 1898-1904. William Schlagcnhauf; 1898-1904, Jacob Groves; 1900, John :\I. Murphy, Brown County ; 1902-06, Irvin D. Webster, Pike County ; 1904, Camp- bell S. Ilearn: 1904, R. B. Echols; 1906-10. Chas. E. Bolin. Pike; 1906, Chauncey II. Castle; 1906, Campbell 8. Hearn; 1908, Jacob Groves; 1908-14, George II, Wilson; 1910-14. Win. II. Hoffman; 1912-16, E. T, Strubinger, Pike; 1916. R. ^]. Wagner. RuR.\L Lands .\nd Crrv Properties With the progress of agricultural methods and the contiiuious im- provement of farming properties, the value of the rural lands has long since overtaken that of city properties (generally designated in the a.ssessors" reports as "lots"), the figures of 1917 being given as follows : Personal Total As.ses.sed Townships Lands Clayton $ 464,355 North East 462,820 Camp Point 886,805 Houston 420,305 Honey Creek 333,210 Keene 243,445 Mendon 424,790 Lima 320,530 Ursa 525,305 Concord 23fl.240 McKee 104 215 Beverly 258,825 Columbns 220,125 Liberty 225,965 Richfield 254,670 Gilmer ^ 391.020 Burton 334.205 Payson 439,452 Ellington 611.600 Melrose 744,975 Lots Property Value .$ 69,580 $ 167,317 .$ 701,252 98,715 220,822 782,357 134,490 140,485 661,780 94,115 514,420 29,020 101,265 463,495 36,030 106.555 386,030 94,890 235,762 755,442 17,550 91,740 429,820 30,870 209,015 766,190 .52,090 291,330 1,825 4;5,330 151,370 7,172 87,000 352,997 6,!»35 46.414 273.474 26,840 115.61.-. 368.420 77.245 331,915 13.815 101.190 506.025 5.940 95.275 435,420 55,720 200,480 695,652 800 191,645 807,045 .344,175 1,089,150 134 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Townships Lauds Fall Creek $ 428,690 Riverside 333,590 Quincy Lots $ 6,455 17,190 7,590,595 Personal Total Assessed Property Value $ 418,550 $ 853,685 67,891 418,671 3,059,528 10,650,123 Total in county.... $8,172,137 $653,827 $3,209,976 $12,035,940 Total in city and county $8,244,422 $6,269,504 $22,686,063 As an offset to these figures may be presented the assessed value of real and personal property within the county in 1878, or forty years previous. The tax returns for that year indicated that the total assessed value of all lands (farms), amounting to 528,005 acres, was $9,205,718 ; of which area 383,008 acres comprised improved land^. The town and city lots, amounting to 10,163 acres, were assessed at $6,531,297. The per.sonal property was valued at $3,538,176 ; railroad property, $159,182; land, both improved and unimproved, $9,205,718, as stated, and town and city property, $6,531,297. The total value of all taxable property was therefore $19,434,373. Population 1890, 1900, 1910 Probably for the past twenty years there has been little change in the average assessed value of i-eal estate throughout the county, since the tendency of the population, as in most of the smaller counties in the Mississippi Valley, has been downward. The only increase in population noted from the figures of 1900 was in the City of Quincj' and the Village of Loraine. The tables are presented herewith : Civil Divisions 1910 1900 1890 64,588 67,058 61,888 Beverly Township 890 1,051 982 Burton Township 779 1,007 1,174 Camp Point Township (including Camp Point Village) 1,845 2,126 2,003 Camp Point Village 1,148 1,260 1,150 Clayton Township 1,682 1,822 1,912 Clayton Village 940 996 1,033 Columbus Township (including part of Columbus Village) 792 951 1,000 Columbus Village (part of) 104 136 149 Total of Columbus Village in Columbus and Gilmer townships 134 196 201 Concord Township 749 907 1,059 Ellington Township 1,200 1,278 1,233 Fall Creek Township 876 983 884 QL'INCV AM) ADAMS COLXTY 135 Civil Divisions 1910 1900 1890 64,588 67,058 61,888 Gilmer Township (includiug part of Colum- bus Village) 916 1,066 1,126 Columbus Village (part of) 30 GO 52 Honey Creek Township (ineluding Coats- burg Village) 1,144 1,259 1,287 Coatsburg Village 262 321 308 Houston Township 758 822 981 Keene Township (including Loraine Vil- lage) 1,106 1,168 1,280 Loraine Village 417 349 327 Liberty Township Lima Township (including Lima Village) 1,282 1,554 1,404 Lima Village 797 280 251 McKee Township 869 1,059 1,065 Melrose Township (exclusive of part of Quincy City) 1.915 2,117 2,077 Jlendon Township (including Mendon ^'il- lage) 1,332 1,361 1,489 Jfendon Village 640 627 640 North East Townshiji (including (!olden and LaPrairie villages) 1,523 1,511 1,488 Golden Village 579 516 466 LaPrairie Village 187 182 194 Payson Township (including Payson and Plainv-ille villages) 1,508 1,697 1,819 Payson Village 467 465 Plainville Village 251 296 Quincy City in Melrose and Riverside town- ships 36,587 36,252 31,494 Ward 1 5.276 Ward 2 5.036 Ward 3 5.231 Ward 4 6.507 Ward 5 6,767 Ward 6 4.992 Ward 7 2.778 Richfield Township 897 1.010 1,114 Riverside Township (exclusive of part of Quincy City) 3,546 3,432 2,168 Ursa Township 1,381 1,486 1,614 The total taxes levied in the county for 1917 amounted to the fol- lowing: School tax, $391,796.32; state tax, $211,633.55; county, $155,408.79; high school, .$2,364.68; town. $11,765.30; road and bridge. $75,967.62; corporation. .$229..346.97 ; bond interest tax and sinking 136 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY fund, $14,447.08 ; uou-high school, $14,759 ; permaueut road fund, $1,259.87; back tax, $43.90; total, $1,108,793.91. Adams County Home Adams County was no exception to the general rule set forth in Holy Writ as a universal fact, not to be gainsaid — ' ' The poor ye have always with ye." As the world has also come to the conclusion that poverty is no sin, and often not even a fault, individuals, govern- ments and institutions endeavor to keep in the background of the lives of those who are public charges all suggestions that they are in any way disgraced. Such a policy both lightens an existence which is apt to be monotonous, if not weary, and also tends to stimulate ambition and permanent reformation of character. Therefore old-time terms; savoring of harshness, if not contempt, such as Poor House, Alms House and Poor Farm, have been largely eliminated from the phraseology of such county institutions in favor of County Home, County Infirmary, etc. At first the deserving poor in Adams County were relieved by benevolent settlers in the localities of their residence. But the great objection to this plan was that those to whom assistance was thus extended became objects of charity, and, even when capable of work- ing, employment for them was not often at hand. In 1847, there- fore, the County Commissioners' Court decided to purchase a farm upon which the able-bodied could be employed, and many varieties of light work found for both sexes. For that purpose the eighty-acre farm of H. T. Ellis was purchased near the center of Honey Creek Townsliip ; the transfer was made March 16, 1847, the consideration for which was $700. At the time of the purchase the land was in a fair state of cultivation, and upon the premises were a two-story frame house, a barn, blacksmith shop and other out-houses. The poor for whom the county were then caring were moved to that property and sustained there until May, 1855. In the meantime township organiza- tion had gone into effect under the new constitution and other arrange- ments were being considered. At a session of the Board of Super- visors held in January, 1856, a committee consisting of William Laughlin, A. H. Dean and Baptist Hardy, was appointed by that body to select a larger farm and arrange to erect more suitable buildings for the care of the county's charges. In June of that year they re- ported that they had purchased of John P. Battell the 160 acres com- prising the northeast quarter of section II, Gilmer Township, for $5,000. The committee also reported at the same meeting the pur- chase of 50,000 brick and other material with which to erect buildings thereon. During the following year (1857) the farm was rented and the former inmates were supported at a specified price per week per capita ; but when the buildings were completed in 1858 they were moved to the County Farm, where they were afterward maintained. In 1874 the City of Quincy adopted township organization, and the (^riNlV AND ADAMS COUXTY l:i7 poor of tlie niimicipality. wliu had previmisly liceii careil for by a com- mittee eoinprisiiig: one alderman from each ward aud an overseer, were transferred to the county institution. This additional burden rendered its accommodations inailc<|uatc. and, as a tcmjiorary ex- pedient, the County Board arranged for their care with the Charitable Aid and Hospital Association of Quiney. The agreement extended from July, 1S74, to April 30, 1876. and duriufr the last year of that arrangement there were upon the books of the association an average of 314 persons monthly, representing 226 families, who received relief. In December. 187'), a new building three stories high. 32 by 43 feet, had been completed on the I'ounty Farm at a cost of about $8,000. The steam heating system and other modern appliances to conserve the health and comfort of the inmates probably added some $2,000 to that amount, ilore than twenty years afterward, in 1897, becau.se of the great increase of insane patients, another building for their special care was erected. Its dimensions were 24 by 40 feet and cost aljout $10,000. Then came various outbuildings, a new heating plant and other improvements made necessary by the growth of the population and modern demands. The grounds of the County Home now comprise 160 acres, five acres of which are in orchard. The aver- age numl)er of inmates accommodated is about eighty. The first superintendent of the County Farm, or County Home, as it has been called for a number of years pa.st, was D. L. Hair, appointed by the County Board of Supervi.sors in 1860. Mr. Hair served six years; his successor, A. L. Shiphard, seven ; A.sbuiy Elliott, six; a ^Ir. Doren, one year; W. Beecott, one; il. Doren, two years; Mrs. Doren. six years after the death of her hu.sband ; "William Bates, six; Dave L. Hair, six; Jacob W. Wolfe, four; Elmer J. Earel, three; John Schwaiik, the present superintendent since January 1, 1910. CHAPTER VII PROFESSIONAL SKETCHES Evolution of Judiciary Systems — First Circuit Court Sits — Wood vs. Lisle, Sure-Enough Slander — The Jovial Judge Sawyer^ Samuel D. Lockwood, Illinois' First Lawyer — Peter Lott — Opportunity for Stephen A. Douglas — Richard :M. Young — James H. Ralston — Congressional Fight Betweeos' Douglas AND Browning — Jesse B Thomas — Norman H. Purple — William A. Minshali, — New Judicial Circuit Formed — Onias C. Skinner — Early Circuit Judges — Charles B. Lawrence — Joseph Sib- ley — Other Circuit Judges — The Probate and County Judges — Judge B. F. Berrian — Hangings, Legai, and Illegal — The Luckett-Magnor Murder Trial — A Slander Suit with a Mor.vl — The Killing op Major Prentiss — Famous Eels Slave Case — The Pioneer Members of the Bar — Archibald Williams — Calvin A. Warren — Nehemiah Bushnell — Isaac N. Morris — Philo a. Goodwin — Edward H. Buckley — Almeron Wheat — Hope S. Davis — Col. Willl\m A. Richardson — Willlvm G. EwiNG — Col. William H. Benneson — Gen. James W. Single- ton — Joseph N. Carter — Bern.uid Arntzen — Jackson Grimshaw — Sterling P. Delano — Lawyers in 1869 — The Quincy Bar As- sociation — Uriah H. Keath, Oldest' Living Lawyer — Veter^v^t Lawrence E. Emmons — When Bench and Bar Were Pictur- esque — The Physicians — Cholera in 1833 — The Cholera Epi- demic op 1849 — Adams County ]\Iedical Society — Edward G. Castle — In the Union Service — City Board of He-^lth Created. The pioneers of Adams County were drifting tliither soon after the first state constitution was promulgated and through which the first courts of Illinois were organized. Under the Constitution of 1818 the judicial power of the state was vested in the Supreme Court, comprising a chief justice and three associates, with such inferior courts as the Legislature might establish. When Adams County was set off from old Pike in 1825, it was in first of the five judicial cir- cuits. By the constitution, the terms of office of supreme judges were to expire with the close of the year 1824. The Legislature re-organized the judiciary by creating both Circuit and Supreme courts. The state was divided into five judicial circuits, providing two terms of court annuall.y in each county. The salaries were fixed at $600. The 138 yLl.\( V AND AOA.MS LULXTV 139 following circuit jiiditres were chosen : Jolin Y. Sawyer, Samuel Mc- Koberts, Kichard M. Young. James Hall and John O. Wattles, named in the order of their respective circuits. Pike County had been organized in 1821, and Fulton, Peoria, Hancock, Henry, Kno.x and Warren in 1823-25; .McDonough in 1826, and Joe Daviess in 1827. Tiiat multiplication of counties overta.xed the four Supreme Court .justices whose duty it wa.s to hold Circuit courts in the counties of the state. The Sixth Legislature that convened at Vaudalia on December 1, 1828, came to their relief by pa.ssing an act on January 8, 182!). fomiing a fifth .judicial dis- trict comprising all the territory west and uorth of the rivei- within the state's limits. The Legislature then elected Richard M. Young judge of that circuit with a salary of sjiTOO a year to be paid in (luar- terly instalments; and fifteen days later, January 23rd, he received his commission from Governor Edwards, who probably experienced no sorrow in thus committing liim to exile. For the next six years Judge Young was the only circuit judge elected and commissioned in Illinois. With his usual energy and en- thusia.sm he immediately commenced the work of his new office with William Thoma.s, of Morgan County, as state's attorney, who was commissioned on the same day as himself. Mr. Thomas was succeeded a.s state's attorney of that fifth district by Thomas Ford, on March 15, 1830, who was again appointed on February 15, 183L Ford was succeeded by Wm. A. Richardson on February 13, 1835, who .served until February 25, 1839. when he was followed by Wni. Elliott, Jr. In the autumn of 1839 Judge Young left Kaskaskia and located in Galena, then at the zenith of its lead-mining industry, and the most I)opulous and busy town in the state. Judge Samuel D. Lockwood. of the Supreme Court, who resided in Jacksonville, had held court at Galena, Quincy. Peoria and Lewiston. but gladly relinquished that part of his circuit to the newly elected judge. In 1831 the Seventh General A.ssembly organized and added to Judge Young's circuit the counties of Cook, Rock Island and La Salle, completing the area of his jurisdiction from Galena to Lake Michigan, thence down the Illinois River to its confluence with the ^lissi.ssippi. Desiring a quieter place of residence for his family than Galena, then on the extreme frontier and little more than a mining camp infested with speculators, gamblers, and every variety of .social out- casts who respected neither moral nor civil law. Judge Young moved to Quincy in the spring of 1831. Evolution op Judicial Systems The Legislature of 1840-41 again took a hand in manipidating the judicial system of the state. By the act which pa.s.sed that body and was approved Fcbniary 10, 1841. all acts were repealed authorizing the elc'-tion of circuit judges by the Legislature. It also provided for the appointment of five additional associate judges of the Supreme 140 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Court, making nine iu all; reimposed the eii-cuit duties on the mem- bers of the State Supreme Court and divided the state iuto uiue cir- cuits. The continuity of the county judiciary inferior to the Circuit Court is carried along through the probate and county systems, with the justices of the peace as useful and, at times, very busy auxiliaries. In fact, under the Constitution of 1818, and for thirty years thereafter, matters usually classed as probate and those not assigned to justices of the peace, were under the jurisdiction of what were denominated probate justices of the peace. The Constitution of 1848- made all judicial officers elective by the people, and provided for a Supreme Court of three judges ; also for Circuit, County and Justices' courts, and conferred upon the Legis- lature power to create inferior Municipal courts. Since that time all probate matters are adjudicated by the County Court in Adams. Under the Constitution of 1348 appeals lay from the Circuit Court to the Supreme Court for the particular division in which the county might be located. The term of office for S\ipreme Court judges was nine years and for circuit judges, six. Vacancies were to be filled by popular election, unless the unexpired term of the deceased or retiring incumbent was less than one year, in which case the governor was authorized to appoint. Circuit courts were vested with appellate jurisdiction from inferior tribunals, and each was required to hold at least two terms annually in each county, as might be fixed by statute. The Constitution of 1870 retained the popular elective feature of the judiciary and the terms of office of the Supreme and Circuit Court judges as fixed by the Constitution of 1848. The number of Supreme Court judges was increased to seven, as at present. In 1873 the state was divided into twenty-seven circuits and in 1874, into thirteen. Under the provisions of the latter year, while the twenty-six judges already in office were retained, an additional judge wa.s authorized for each district to serve two years, making the entire circuit judiciary to consist of thirty-nine judges. In all this legislation Cook County was in a class by itself, constituting one circuit ; the same is true re- garding the act of 1897, which increased the number of circuits to seventeen (exclusive of Cook County), while the number of judges in each circuit remained the same. The Constitution of 1870 provided for the organization of Appel- late courts after 1874. The Legislature established four of these tribu- nals. Each Appellate Court is held by three Circuit Court judges named by the State Supreme Court, each assignment covering three years, and no judge is allowed to receive extra compensation or sit in review of his own rulings or decisions. Two terms are held in each district yearly. The Appellate courts have no original jurisdiction. After the reorganization of the Appellate Court, by legislative enactment, in 1877, and the redistricting of the state, the counties of Brown, Hancock, Fulton, Schuyler, Pike, McDonough and Adams were formed into another circuit. (^LINXV AND ADA-M8 COUNTY 141 First Circuit Colrt Sits With the groundwork of the judicial systems tiius laid in Adams County, the personal and local details calculated to briuj; home the picture of the bench and bar of this part of the state arc marshaled at this point. The first session of the Circuit Court of Adams County, or of any court whatever in the county, was held in August, 1825. in Willard Keyes' log house. This first temple of justice wa.s a cabin about si.xteen feet square, situated at what would now be the foot of Vermont Street. The main room was for the court, over which pre- sided John Yorke Sawyvr, witli J. Turncy as circuit attorney and John H. Snow as clerk. A small outside porch was set aside for the Petit jury, while the Grand jury was to retire to the shade of a large oak tree not far from the courthouse. The lists of citizens who had been drawn to sit upon any liusiness which might be brought before them, and decide upon the rcasunable- ness of bringing various matters and persons to trial, were as follows: Grand Jury — ilorrill Martin, Lewis Kinney, Daniel Whipple, Joshua Strecter. John L. Soule, Samuel Goshong, John Wood, John Droulard, Ira Pierce, .Amos Bancroft, Daniel Moore, John Thomas, 2d, William Burritt, Abijah Caldwell, Zephaniah Ames, Peter Jour- ney. Ebenezer Ilarkness, Cyrus Ilibbard, Thomas ^IcCrary, Luther Whitney, Hiram R. Ilawley, IJenjamin ilcN'itt, Samuel Stone and Levi Wells. Petit Jury — Willard Kcycs, Lewis C. K. Hamilton, Hezekiah Spill- man, William Journey, Elias Adams, Earl Wilson, Curtis Caldwell, Samuel Seward, Truman Streeter, James Moody, Evan Thomas, Silas Brooks, James Greer, George Campbell. Peter Williams, Henry Jacobs, Thomas Freeman, Riell Crandall, William Snow, David Ray and David Beebe. Wood vs. Lisle, Slre-Enougu Sl.vnder As nearly all the citizens of the county were included in the lists of the jurors, or the roster of officials, the Grand jury found few in- dictments. A couple of the male inhabitants were ordered into court for i|uarrcling on election day, and among the few cases actually tried was an exciting suit for slander brought by John Wood against Daniel Li.sle. It seems that Lisle had charged Mr. Wood with having drowned a horse thief in Bear Creek. The basis for the story was the fact that Messrs. Wood and Keyes had bought .some hogs from a stranger, who had afterward sneaked away and been accused of horse stealing. If "honest John Wood"' had known of the charge at the time of his dealings with the unknown he would undoubtedly have arrested him ; i)Ut the stranger com])letely dropped out of sight ; it was said that he was a horse thief; the energetic .Mr. Wood was known to be very bitter against that class of criminals. Lisle was an undoubted bu.sy-body with a rapid tongue — and there you have the combination that started ^""^« i^^ J ^5 o c C z a; 'S o = Z -» o p B O c = CO o --^ a: 00 ^ CO M CO s •CC (1^ be a O cs ft o p-i •- * CO OJ n r; o O t S Ql'IXCY AND ADAMS CorXTY 143 the trouble. But there was nothing to the ease when it was brought into court. The Jovial Judge S.vwyer It is said that on the 31st of October a more businesslike term of the Circuit Court was held than that of August, which was more a formal and an initial .sitting designed to oil the legal machinery and get it in motion. As Jutlge Sawyer would force the scales well up to 400 pounds, it is reasonable to suppose that some little time was re- quired to get him in motion. He was of a jolly nature and. as he was also honest and a man of ability and wit, he was respected and popular during his two years' term. •'Madam," said he, upon one oeeasion to an old Quincy landlady, •'aren't your cows of different color?" "Yes," she answered, "we've got 'em black, red, white and spotted." "I thought so,"' concluded the judge. "Your butter speckles that way." Judge Sawyer was a Vermont Yankee, whose name first ap- pears enrolled as a lawyer on l)cccnil»er 7, 18'20. After leaving the bench in 1827 he resumed his profession at Vandalia and died March 13, 1836. at which time he was editor of the \'andalia Advocate. S.\ML'EL D. LocKwooD, Illixoi.s' First L.VWYER Judge Sawyer was succeeded liy Saiiiucl 1). Lockwood. one of the Supreme judges, whose name stands recorded as the first lawyer to commence practice in Illinois. licensed Jlay 14, 1819. Judge Lock- wotul was born in Central New York and came to Illinois in liSl8, when statehood had just been adopted. He first stopped at Kaskaskia, but finally settled at Jacksonville, making that place his home until his final retirement from the bench in 1848. He then moved to Matavia, Kane County, where he died about 1873. One of his professional friends thus speaks of him: "He had an excellent education, a very relined mind, studious habits and ]iroverbial j)urity of character. Lifted early in life to the Supreme liencli. he honored the ermine as few others have. His appearance was ap])ropriate and imposing — white-haired while yet young, of graceful form, ilignitied and courteous in demeanor, he was a model jurist and, if not pos.se.ssing the higher native intellect of .some who graced the Supreme l)Cnch. in the aggre- gate of qualifications he was une.\celled. No public man of Illinois pa.s-sed under a longer period of constant observation and has been clothed with as much of general confidence and respect." RiCH.VRD M. Yot'NG Judge Lockwood was successively a whig and a republican, and his successor, Richard M. Young, was his opposite both in polities and general character. Judge Young ascended the bench in 1831, when, because of the increase of business devolving on the Supreme Ittrt QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY judges, a fifth judicial circuit was created in Illinois. He was a Keutuckiau by birth, settled in the state when it was yet verj- j'oung, and for many years held public positions of great prominence. He was a man of strong common sense and much dignity ; had virtually no elasticitj' or magnetism, and seemed, at times, almost dull. Yet he steadily forged ahead of associates who seemed far abler than he, and whatever he accomplished added to the general confidence reposed in him. His politics were of the stei-n Jaeksonian demoei'aey. Judge Young 's service on the circuit bench ceased in 1837, when he took a seat in the United States Senate to which he had been elected during the previous winter. Filling out his full term of six years, during which period he was appointed by Governor Carlin state agent, he visited Europe in the latter capacity. Later, he was appointed to the Supreme bench, and became successively clerk of the House of Representatives and commissioner of the General Land Office. Later he was engaged in a legal and agency business and although he spent several of the last months of his life under medical treatment in the Government Hos- pital for the Insane at AVashington, he partially regained his mentality but finally died of physical exhaustion in November, 1861. He was buried in the Congressional Cemetery at the National Capital. James H. Ralston The seat on the circuit bench vacated by Judge Young in 1837 was filled by the appointment of James H. Ralston, who for several years had been an active practicing lawyer of Quincy, and member of the Legislature. Unlike Judge Young, he seemed to have no talents for politics, although unduly ambitious iu that field, and it was the gen- eral opinion among his friends and professional associates that he would have attained far more success had he confined his industry and undoubted abilities to the province of the law. He was a tall, rather ungraceful man, and not attractive as a speaker, so that his reputation on the bench exceeded that which he made at the bar. James H. Ralston was born in Bourbon Coimty, Kentucky, in 1807, and soon after attaining his majority moved to Quincy and entered upon the practice of the law. He served in the Black Hawk war, and subsequently represented his district in the lower house of the State Legislature at a time when Lincoln, Douglas, Hardin, Shields and Baker were members of that body. After serving as circuit judge from 1837 to 1839, he resigned from the bench, and in 1841 was elected to the State Senate. Judge Ralston took an active interest in politics until the Mexican war, when he was commissioned captain and placed in command of the Alamo at San Antonio, Texas. From that point all supplies and munitions of war were forwarded to the American army operating in . Northern Mexico. Soon after the close of the Mexican war he moved to California, and was a member of its first State Senate. In 1856 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the chief justiceship of Cali- Qr-IXCV AM) ADAMS roCXTV 14.') fornia. Ronioviug to Xevadu in 1860, he became prominent as a public character in the formative period of that commonwealth and died near Austin in 1864, the ^ear of statcbirth. Petek Lott Peter Lott's service of two years brought credit to the judge per- sonally and to the Circuit Court as an institution. As a lawy.r, he was genial almost to the point of indolence, but iiad a naturally keen legal mind balanced by sound judgment. A native of New Jersey, Judge Lott came to Illinois from that state in 18;5.j and located for practice at Carthage, Hancock County. A few months later he movcii to (^uincy. where he resided during the succeeding four years as a lawyer engaged in somewhat indifferent practice, because of his tem- (icramcntal drawbacks noted heretofore. His many friends and ad- mirers, however, believed that he would make a good judge; and they were not mistaken, although he was retired from the bench under the operations of the law of 1S41. In his prime Judge Lott is described as above the medium height, powerfully built, of light complexion and hair, with a broad face singularly expressive of humor. Like Judge Ralston, he was a whig until i bout 1886. when he joined the democratic I)arty. of which he became a state leader. After his retirement from the bench. Judge Lott resumed legal practice, was elected to the lower house of the Legislature in 1844: enli.sted in Colonel Bissell's regiment of Illinois infantrj- on the out- break of the Mexican war. soon after became captain, and acijuired credit at the battle of Buena Vista. At bis return from Mexico, in 1848, he was elected circuit clerk and recorder, and shortly after the expiration of his four-year term he went to California. He wa.s placed in charge of the I'nited States mint at San Francisco, and died a few years later. OPPORTrNTTY FOR STEPHEN A. DOIGI-.^S It is said that the I'hangc in the state judiciary, brought about by the Legislature of 1840-41, was caused by the dissatisfaction of the democratic party with its personnel. As the State Supreme Court then stood, three of its judges were whigs and only one a democrat; an In the palmy early days when Earl Pierce was .sheriff of Adams County occurred the first and the last execution in that part of the state. It was also the first hanging in the Military Tract, so far as known. In the month of December, 1834. one Bennett was executed in Quincy for the murder of one Baker, poor wretches whose fiimily names only have come down to the present. The killing was at Ben- nett's cabin above town, on or near the bay. where both f>f the prin- cipals had been carousing for some days. The case was clear against 154 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY him, and at 10 o'clock A. ^1. of that winter's day, the militia of the town and neighborhood was paraded under the command of Captain Hedges and others to form a guard at the execution. JNIany spec- tators, including a number of women, attended. Bennett was a tall, lean old man, and when brought out of the old log jail, dressed in a long white shroud and cap, he walked behind the wagon (driven bj' old John aiy, who was dressed in a buckskin hunting shirt) to the gallows. All were impressed with the firm, Indian like tread and carriage of the murderer. He behaved with the utmost firmness and dignified resignation. It is said that his last words of regret and admonition drew many tears from the crowd of spectators. An old settler who witnessed the execution adds to his account of it: "That day six fights occurred in town. Not one of the offenders was arraigned or fined. The writer, who had been there only about a month, began to think Quincy a hard place." After the execution of Bennett, the gallows were not again called into requisition to expiate the crime of any Adams County criminal for more than a quarter of a century. In 1861 Attisou and Nelson Cunningham murdered a feeble old man named Harrison, who lived some miles south of Quincy and was supposed to possess some money. For this crime Attison Cunningham, the leader in the terrible aft'air, swung from the gallows in the rear of the courthouse, Friday morn- ing, November 29, 1861. The hanging of Rose, the bushwhacker, in 1865, by a Quincy mob, is the only instance in the history of Adams Count}* in which lynch law has been applied to an offender. He was accused of having shot a Mr. Trimble, a prominent democrat of Marcelline. Rose was taken from the jail by some of the convalescent soldiers in the hospital at Quincy and. aided by a number of other citizens of little prominence, met an illegal death at the hands of the maddened rioters. The Luckett-Magnor Murder Tri.vl This was one of the most sensational criminal ca.ses ever brought into the Adams County courts. Thurston J. Luckett and William Magnor were local printers, in 18-17, the former with quite wealthy connections. The.y were intimate friends before a woman came between them and caused jealous su.spicions and mortal hatred. Finally the.y had a quarrel in the Clay Hotel and Magnor was stabbed to death. Browning & Bushnell were engaged to defend Luckett and no money was spared to clear him ; public sentiment also inclined toward the defendant, and the members of the bar were especially partial to him. Such circumstances rather tended to weaken the morale of the prosecution, its chief official representative even leav- ing the city during the progress of the trial and his assistant handling the situation rather feebly. The killing was done in the spring and the trial was conducted at the October term of the Circuit Court. The feature of the case which made it noteworthy, aside from the standing QL'INCY AND ADAMS CuL'XTV 155 of tlie priucipals in the tragedy, was O. II. Browning's address to the jurj', ill defense of Luekett, wJiieh from all aeeounts of those who heard it was one of the most masterly appeals ever made by that master of eloquence and persuasion. After its delivery the last vestige of doubt as to the outcome of the trial disappeared; Luekett was promptly acquitted. A Slander Suit with a Moral The j'ear 18-19 is marked by two events which were brought into court and causccf more than local interest. The Hi-st was a slantler trial which was conducted during the June term of the Circuit Court, and was the outcome of bitter j)ersonal a.s well as political quarrels. S. M. Hartlett, editor of the Whig, brought the suit against C. M. Woods, publisher of the Herald. Woods and Austin Brooks were the Herald proprietors, and Brooks was the editor who had written the articles alleged to be slanderous, but the suit was brought against Woods as being eulnr and esteemed citi- zen. In this ease Austin West, who was charged with the offense, was 156 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY tried iu the following year and sentenced to three years in the peni- tentiary'. It was evidently an unpremeditated homicide, the killing perhaps being the result of a hot-blooded quarrel incited by promis- cuous conviviality. The court records show that West was indicted for the murder of Major Prentiss at the May term of the Circuit Court, 1850 ; that William A. Minehell was judge and R. S. Blackwell, prosecuting attorney. Famous Eels Slave Case It was not until 1853 that the famous fugitive slave case which so harassed the life of Dr. Richard Eels was decided in his favor, and the decision rendered that he had been unjustly convicted by the lower court sixteen years before. He died in the West Indies about the time the suit was determined. To begin at the beginning of the trouble — one evening, in the late summer of 1837, a tall and rather lean black man arrived in Quincy from Missouri. He swam the Mississippi River and was, of course, as wet as a half-drowned rat. A colored agent of the Underground Railway, Barryman Barnet, communicated his arrival to Doctor Eels. The doctor had a good buggy and a fast horse and, after giving the black man a dry shirt and a pair of pantaloons, started north with him ; no doubt expect- ing to reach the next station, where other friendly parties would forward the escaping slave to his next stopping place. But his master had arrived in Quincy and organized a pursuing party, some of whom met Doctor Eels and the fugitive negro and ordered them to halt. Instead, the doctor stirred up his steed and outdistanced his pursuers for the time being. Another squad overtook him, how- ever, and, hiding the black in a corn field, he circled around toward home. But the slave was caught by Sara Pearson, and a party of pursuers followed the doctor to his residence where they found the buggy containing the towel, linen shirt and l>reeches of the negro still wet with Mississippi water. On the following day a warrant was sworn out by the master of the slave before Henry Asbury, justice of the peace, and a preliminary trial was held at the courthouse to determine whether the doctor should be held to bail to answer the charge of "hai-boring and aiding a fugitive to escape from the service of his master." Says Squire Asbury: "The examination took place in the courthouse and was largely at- tended, with able lawyers on each side. The doctor was held to bail. The case was afterward tried in the Circuit Court, I believe before Judge Douglas (Judge Skinner — Editor), and Eels was convicted and fined. The case thence went to the Supreme Court of tlie State and finally to the Supreme Court of the United States. Both deci- sions may be found. The justice of the peace delivered a written opinion, and he is almost sorry to saj' that all the courts above him took substantially the same views of the case as he had taken. The Ql'INCV AND ADAMS COUXTY 157 affair cost Doctor Eels many thousands of dollars and almost broke him up, but the great notoriety of the Eels case, especially when it reached tlie Supreme Coprt of the United States, no doubt brought some of the anti-slavery people of New England forward with money to assist in the defense." As stated, the controversy over the Eels case, as it affected the doctor pei-sonally and disturbed the friendly relations between Quincy and the Missouri side of the river, was decided by Judge Skinner, of the Circuit Court, in an opinion which he delivered on .Taiuiary 21, 1853. It was to the effect that the authorities of the United States only had jurisdiction over suits concerning runaway slaves. A public meeting had previously been held in Marion County, Mis.souri, unan- imously resolving to sever all business intercourse with Quincy on account of the disposition of so many of its people to aid the escape of runaway slaves. The question agitated on the Illinois side of the river was a.s to the obligation of citizens in this matter, under the provisions of the Black laws incorporated into the constitution of 1848, and how far the legal machinery of the state could be made subservient to the demand for the return of the fugitive slaves. Judge Skinner's decision placed the cognizance of such cases with the I'nited States Government, which seemed to cut the claws of the State of Illinois in its dealings with the masters of runaway negroes. The Pioneer Members of the B.\r The first lawyer to make Quincy his residence was Louis Mas- y way of Atlas. Very soon after the original plat of Quiney was filed in the oflBce of Henry II. Snow, county clerk, probate judge, etc., that anient offiee holder was also appointed ])ostma.ster; which was in 18'jr>. Judge Snow kept the postoHiee at John Wood's house as his own was fully occupied with other official business. Quiney was then the northernmost postoffice in the Mississi]ii>i Valley and expre.s.ses were sent to that point for the military posts as far up as St. Peters, Minnesota. The local office was kept in a stout pine chest in Jlr. "Wood's house, and two soldiers usually called for the mail destined for northern points above C^uincy. So, even at that early day, the people of Adams County were getting in loose touch with quite a stretch of country ; and they rejoiced accordingly. .An Oi.D-TiMK -Mam. Coach As the years went by Quiney achieved the triumph of .securing a regular weekly mail from Atlas and the South, and, of course, if the settlers had any good reason to expect communications through I'ncle Sam they could make the trip and get them, without waiting for the official carrier. In those days of scarce and hard-earned money, post- age was an item which meant considerable in the economics of the average pioneer; for instance, in 1885, the rates on "a single letter, composed of one piece of paper." for any distance not exceeding thirty miles, were 6 cents; over thirty miles and not exceeding eighty, 10 cents; over eighty and not exceeding 150, 12^^ cents; over 150 and not exceeding 40f), 18-'4 cents; over 400. 25 cents. It is safe to say that in 1885 the settlers of Quiney and Adams counties received few letters with the me.s.sage "inclosed find stamjjs for reply," and it is equally safe to add that they .seldom made the self-sacrifice them- selves. 182 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Iluxois A2n) Missouri Bound by Ferry The Quincyites looked longingly across the ilississippi at their fellow ^Missourians, but it was some years before they commenced to operate a ferry and thus have comparatively free communication with them. Steamboats plied up and down the ilississippi Eiver, row and sail boats moved across as occasion required, and as early as 1827 the commissioners granted Ira Pierce the right to operate a ferrj- be- tween the two shores. The County Board even went so far as to estab- lish the rates for ferrying across the Slississippi, loaded and unloaded wagons drawn by horses or oxen, pleasure wagons or carriages dra^vu by either animals, foot passengers and all kinds of live stock other than human. But nothing came of these attempts to bring the eastern and west- ern shores of the ilississippi together at this point until in May, 1S38, when "Woodford Lawrence, in company with two other men, built the first ferry boat that ever crossed the ilississippi Eiver in the vicinity of Quincy. It was constructed of two canoes, a platform connecting them, around which a railing was built to keep the animals and other passengers from falling off into the water. The first passengers were three horses which were safely carried across, one at a time. The ferry 's eastern terminus was the mouth of Mill Creek, and its special design was to carry horses over the river for those starting on trips along the ilissouri shores — or \iee versa. Northern Cross Railroad, Old and New Before this primitive horse ferry had commenced its trips across the Mississippi, enough able and far-seeing men had gathered at Quincy to participate with a controlling influence in the movement to bind Chicago and the East with the ilississippi Valley, by way of Northern Illinois. That movement was a part of the proposed internal improvement system inaugurated by the state in 1837. Various lines of railroad were prescribed by the Legislature, among which was the "Northern Cross Railroad from Quincy on the ilississippi River, via Columbus and Clayton in Adams County, ilt. Sterling in Brown County, ileredosia and Jacksonville in ilorgan County, Springfield in Sangamon County, Decatur in ilacon County, Sidney in Champaign County and Danville in Vermillion County ; thence to the state line in the direction of Lafayette, Indiana." Under this system and act the state commenced the construction of railroads in various sections of the state, but in the course of three or four years, after an expenditure of some $8,000,000. and the placing in operation of only sixty miles of inferior road from ileredosia to Springfield, the project was abandoned as a state enterprise and the railroad sold at public auction. On the 10th of February, 1849, the Legislature passed an act in- corporating the Northern Cross Railroad Company, with James il. Pitman, Samuel Holmes, John Wood, C. A. "Warren. Gershom B. Dim- QL'IXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 183 ock, Hiram Boyle and Isaac X. Morris of Adams County, and James Brockman and James W. Singleton of Bro\vn County and "'their asso- ciates, successors, assigns," etc., empowered to '"construct, maintain and use a railroad from the west bank of the Illinois River, opposite the town of Meredosia, to the ilississippi River at Quincy." Under the legislative act of October. 1S49, Governor French offered that sec- tion of the old Northern Cross Railroad for sale, and it was purchased for $1,850 by James W. Singleton, Samuel Holmes, Horace S. Cooley, Calvin A. Warren, James M. Pitman and Isaac N. Morris, most of whom were among the incorporators of the new Northern Cross Rail- road Company. On the line thus purchased, the state had expended more than $500,000 in preliminary surveys, gradings, etc. At a meeting of the proprietors on February- 19, 1850, it was rec- ommended "to the present owners of the road to subscribe $10,000 of the capital stock of the same in proportion to their respective inter- ests therein." In pursuance with that recommendation, books were opened and the proprietors subscribed the following shares, the list of which indicates the comparative strength of their interests : I. N. Morris, J. TV. Singleton. James M. Pitman and Samuel Holmes, fifteen shares each; Calvin A. Warren, ten; 0. C. Skinner, N. Bushnell and H. S. Cooley, five each ; Amos Green, four ; Bartlett & Sullivan, New- ton Flagg and E. Moore, three each : Henry Asburj-. two. Making 100 shares, which at $100 per share, amounted to $10,000, the amount required to enable the company to legally organize. With this funda- mental preliminary concluded, the following were elected as directors and oflBcers: I. N. Morris, president; Ebenezer Moore, treasurer; Samuel Holmes, secretary; James W. Singleton, James iL Pitman, N. Bushnell and N. Flagg. The company now purchased from the proprietors the road which the latter had bought from the state and the chain of transactions was legally complete. But the work could not practically move without more capital, and that was obtained in the winter of 1850-51, when an arrangement was effected between the company and the citizens of Quincy by which the city subscribed $10TLT Sl'SPEXDED Under the new organization the company went vigorously to work, locating and grading the road from Quincy to Clayton and contracting for the necessan,- iron to line that section. The road was also located to Mt. Sterling and contracts for the work made with responsible parties, when, some dissatisfaction having arisen in Brown County, the company was tmable to secure the bonds previotisly subscribed by that 184 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY county. That circumstauce, with the fact that the Sangamon & Morgan Railroad Company had always been opposed to a connection with the Northena Cross line, satisfied the company that any further effort to reach the Illinois River at that time was useless. Therefore it was that operations on the road between Quiney and Meredosia were reluctantly suspended. Outlet Further North It was at this time that the company resolved to have a railroad outlet for Quiney nortliward. In 1851 it had pi-ocured an act from the Legislature authorizing the building of a lateral road, branching off from the main line in Adams County toward Chicago, and when the Quincy-Meredosia project had to be abandoned, it entered into a con- tract with the Central Military Tract Railroad Company, then organ- ized, to build a line north from Galesburg. The contract provided that neither company would contract with any parties for construction purposes who would not bind themselves to build both lines, thus in- suring a through route from Quiney to Chicago. Previous to that arrangement, parties interested in the Michigan Central Railroad had acquired control of the Aurora Branch Railroad extending from Chicago to ]Mendota, and were desirous of reaching the Mississippi River. In November, 1852, therefore, Nehemiah Bush- nell, president of the Northern Cross Railroad Company, proceeded to Detroit with a view of interesting J. W. Brooks and James F. Joy, who represented the controlling interests of the Aurora Branch Road, and co-operating with them in the construction of the through line from Quiney to Chicago. At this decisive stage in the railroad project the City of Quiney made a further subscription of $100,000, and its citizens also sub- scribed .$100,000. Other donations were made by residents and prop- erty owners all along the line, but the raising of the necessary funds was not accomplished without persistent and hard work. Connection With Chicago Complete The culmination of these many years of strivings after fairly ade- quate railway communications with what was then the Far West metropolis and the gateway to the East was the completion of the through line to Galesburg on the last day of January, 1856. That section had been finished and was operated as far as Avon on the first of January and a short gap between this point and that portion of the road that was being built from Galesburg southward, was filled in on the above date, making the connection with Chicago complete. It was a jubilee occasion for Quiney, and the atmosphere of the time is well illustrated by an article in the local press, headed by the ponderous design of a locomotive and rrain and big black letters across the page spelling : t^riNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 185 •'Through to Chicago. A Railroad Connection with tiie Atlantic Cities. All Aboard!" The article reads: "We have the high satisfaction of ainiouneing the completion (if the Northern I'ro.ss Railroad. The last rail is upon the ties and the last spike is driven, and another iron arm reaches from the great West into the Atlantic. '"The event is an important one antl inaugurates a new era in the history of Quincy. For years our citizens have been looking with an intense interest to the consummation of this enterj)rise which was to open, and which has opened to (Quincy. a future radiant with every promise of prosperity. A new vitality ami a new strength has been given to our city, apparent in the immense increase of business in all departments transacted during the past season, and in the extensive preparations that are marking for substantial improvements in the way of buildings that are to go up this year. We have every reason to congratulate ourselves upon the present and prospective prosperity of our beautiful and flourishing city." Not long after the completion of the Northern Cross line appears a card in one of the city papers bearing the "acknowledgments of the editor and of llr. Samuel Holmes to Major Holton for a fine, fresh codfish right from ^lassachusetts Bay, the first arrival of the kind in Quincy. After partaking of the same, we pronounce it a 'creature comfort of the first water,' and tender our thanks." All of the gentle- men concerned were Yankee-born and fully alive to all the best tra- ditions of New England, including an overwhelming conviction that the codfish was .supreme among the finny tribe. Express Lines E.xtexded During the same month that Quincy got into railway connection with Chicago and the East, there was also established Godfrey & Snow's express running from the home town to Chicago. Their enter- prise had originated in an express business with St. Louis by boat and for a time the enterprise was profitable as being a real public con- venience; but when the project was extended to Chicago, and wealthy companies entered the field, it expanded beyond their facilities and they withdrew entirely. From the time the Northern Cross Railroad Company was reor- ganized in 1851, during the period of the construction of the line from Quincy to Galesburg, and up to the consolidation as the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad in 1861, Neheniiah Hushnell continued as president of the organization, with Lorenzo Bull, James D. Morgan, Hiram Rogers, John Wood and James M. Pitman as directors. The W.^b.^sh "When the long-desired railroad communication with Chicago had been secured, with its attendant stimulus to busine.ss and general 186 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY growth, the people of Quincy and Adams County began to seek other advantages of a like nature. One was a revival of the old Northern Cross line, through a charter obtained by James W. Singleton, under the name of the Quincy & Toledo Railroad, and the road finally con- structed through the persistence of General Singleton sei-ved as a direct eastern route from Camp Point, Adams County, to the Illinois River at Meredosia, where it connected with the line pushing west- ward from Toledo. It was considered a branch of the new Northern Gross Railroad which had been completed to Galesburg. At the Illi- nois River it connected with what was called the Great Western Rail- road, which carried the route to Toledo and the seaboard. From Camp Point to Quincy its trains used the track of the Chicago, Buiiing- ton & Quincy, and thus was another route provided from the last named point to the East. In 1856 several Ohio and Indiana companies were consolidated as the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad, and two years later a reorganization was effected as the Great Western Railroad Company. The Wabash System, which, in turn, absorbed the Great Western was mainly an outgrowth of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, the consolidation of its eastern and western divisions, under the former name, being efi'ected in 1889. First Voting op Railroad Bonds While railroad building was the order of the day, Quincy always voted overwhelmingly iu favor of subscribing for such enterprises. The first vote to subscribe $100,000 to aid the Northern Cross line be- tween the Mississippi and Illinois rivera was taken March 1, 1851, and resulted in the casting of 1,074 ballots in favor of the proposition and only 19 against it. Accordingly, on the 12th of that mouth the mayor, in behalf of the municipality, delivered to the railroad company as security for the payment of that amount twenty-year six per cent city bonds, $80,000 bearing date January 1, 1852, and $20,000 on July 1st of that year. In July, 1853, the city voted an additional $100,000, also guaranteed by twenty-year six per cent bonds, and in May, 1856, subscribed for $200,000 of Northern Cross stock, secured by twenty-year eight per cent bonds, to be used in the con- struction of the line from Camp Point to the Illinois River. At the latter election the vote was 1,541 for and 71 against the proposition. In the following August the issuing of the bonds was formally legal- ized by the City Council, and in January, 1857, the Legislature took a hand in legalizing the proceedings by passing the "Act to incor- porate the Quincy & Toledo Railroad Company; to legalize the sub- scription of the City of Quincy and the County of Brown to the capital stock of the Northern Cross Railroad Company, and the bonds issued and to be issued by said city and county in payment of said stock ; to amend the charter of the Great Western Railroad Company of the State of Illinois, and legalize and confirm the contract of said com- pany with James W. Singleton." The action of the City Council QUIXCY AND ADAMS LOUXTY 187 taken in August, 1856, authorizing Mayor Wood to sul>scribe the $200,000 and issuing city bonds for that sum, and all other proceed- ings taken in connection therewith, were legalized in the legislative act of January 31, 1857 — "Provided, that said bonds shall be and remain in the hands of Isaac 0. Woodruff of said city (Quincy) until said road is graded from Camp Point, in the County of Adams, to Mt. Sterling, in Brown County. Thereupon, the said Isaac 0. Woodruff shall deliver $100,000 of said bonds and retain tlie remainder thereof in his hands until said road is graded to tiie Illinois River, "Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent the City Council of said city from authorizing an earlier de- livery of said bonds if, in their judgment, the interest of the city requires it ; and the said City Council are hereby authorized and em- powered to levy and collect a special tax for the payment of the in- terest on said bonds." The Quincy & Toledo Railroad Company The Quincy & Toledo Railroad Company, incorporated by that act, and which had absorbed that portion of the Northern Cross line from Camp Point to the Illinois River, assumed the name of the Toledo, Wabash & Western in i\Iay, 1857, and is now known as the Wabash System. This second $200,000 of bonds have been commonly called Quincy & Toledo R. R. bonds, to distinguish them from the first issue of $200,000, always known as Northern Cross bonds. Railroad Connections West of the Misslssippi The Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad, which has long been a part of the Cliicago, Burlington & Quincy system, was originally built to make Hannibal, Missouri, its eastern terminus. But energetic citizens of Quincy saved it from this narrow fate by organizing the Quincy & Palmyra Railroad Company in 1856 and, three years afterward, com- pleting the short line between these two points bj' which the Hannibal & St. Joe lost its local character as part of the great Quincy system. By the act of January 30, 1857, the City of Quincy was authorized to subscribe for $100,000 of the capital stock of the Quincy & Palmyra Railroad Company, tlie line extending from a point on the west bank of the Mississippi opposite Quincy to Palmyra, Missouri. The election to vote upon the question, held on April 4th following, showed that 942 votes had been cast for it and 11 votes against. The bonds thereupon issued matured in twenty years and Iwre eight per cent interest. At the election held June 27, 1868, the voters decided favorably on the question of subsr-ribing $100,000 to aid in the construction of a railroad from West Quincy in a northwesterly direction, connecting the city with the ilissouri Air Line, known more fully as the Missis- sippi & Missouri River Air Line. The vote for the proposition was 651 188 (^ULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY and against it, 198. There were considerable delaj-s both in the is- suing of the bonds and the building of the road to Canton, the last of them not being delivered to the railroad company until August, 1870. At a meeting of the City Council held December 5, 1870, an agree- ment was read to that body signed by the officers of the road, pledging the company, in consideration of the subscription, to make Quincy the southern terminus of the line during the existence of the charter under which the construction was undertaken. But the Mis.sissippi & Mis- souri River Air Line was never built and the money subscribed by Quincy to pi'omote it was a total loss. The Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad Company was organized in June, 1869, for the special purpose of constructing a railroad from a point on the Mississippi River opposite Quincj' to a point on the Missouri River opposite Brownsville, Nebraska, the length of the pro- posed line being 230 miles. That was largely a Quincy enterprise and three days before the company was legally organized the City Council, by resolution, approved an issue of .$250,000 in municipal bonds to aid the enterprise. But the advantages of the proposed road to Quincy grew in the public mind, and at the urgent suggestion of a committee appointed by the railroad board of directors, the Council subsequently passed measures recommending an increase of the subscription to $500,000 and the calling of a special election to obtain the decision of the voters on the subject. Their decision, recorded August 7, 1869, was 1,949 in favor of the proposition and 185 opposed to it. Half of the $500,000 in city bonds was to be delivered to the railroad com- pany responsible when subscriptions in Missouri or Nebraska, along the line of the road were obtained to the amount of $800,000, and the remaining $250,000 with the collection of another $800,000 in the states mentioned. As there was no general law, however, authorizing the city to become a stockholder in such a company, or to vote upon the question, and as the discussion of a new state constitution was then well under way, the City Council deferred the issiiance of the bonds. Without going into multitudinous details, which are accessible but not pertinent, the State Constitution of 1870 incorporated a section forbidding any city from doing exactly what Quincy had done, but through the influence of the strong delegation from Adams Count}' an exception was made in the '-ase of that city, provided that none of the indebtedness so incurred should be assumed by the state. The General Assembly thereupon authorized the subscription made and the city bonds to be issued. In July, 1871, the president of the Quincy, Mis- souri & Pacific Railroad Company, presented evidence to the City Council that more than $1,118,000 had been subscribed along its line and that thirty miles of the road from West Quincy westward had been graded and bridged. City bonds amounting to $250,000 were therefore at once issued to the railroad compan.y ; but the second $250,000 were longer in being delivered. The building of the road was slow, citizens began to realize the heavy responsibilities which they had taken upon themselves, grave doubts had entered the minds of many as to the (^riXCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 189 respoiisibilit.v of many of the reported subseriptioiis and the matter was finally carried into the State Supreme Court over an injunction obtained by Isaac X. Morris by the Circuit Court ri'sfraininis!: the mayor and City Count-il from issuing: the seconil $2.')il,000 in bonds. This is not the place to discuss legal questions, but to state results as concisely as is consistent witli clearness. The Supreme Court decided aiiainst the lower court and. altiioutfh tlu' citizens of C^uincy who had their investments wrapped up in the railroad west of the Mississippi were not convinced that all of the subscriptions on the other side of the river were bona tide, they fciircd that if tliey were too critical the en- tire enterprise would go by the board and they would be heavily, if not disastrously involved. In August, 1877, therefore, a resolution was adopted to deliver to the railroad company the additional $250,000 in installments, conditional on the progres.sive completion of various sections of the road— $75,000 to be paid in 1S77, $125,000 in 1S7S, and $50,000 in 187!), provided tiie stipulated conditioas had been complied with. Thus was finally completed what is now known as the Quiuey, Omaha & Kansas City line — O. K. for short — a part of the Missouri Pacific sy.stem. The Quincy & Carthage Railroad was created in 1870, and 0. C. Skinner was elected president. J. W. Bishop, secretary, and H. G. Ferris, treasurer. The road runs north from Quincy, passing through Mendon and Keene towuships. Adams County, thence through Han- cock County to Carthage and Burlington. This is now known as the Carthage branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. and runs to Burlington, Iowa. The Carthage branch and the Louisiana branch were provided to be built at the same time and Adams County appropriated $200,000 for each road; but on account of the Louisiana branch being diverted down the bottom instead of out through ]Melrose, Payson and Fall Creek townships, as originally propo.scd, the county refu.sed to pay its appropriation of $200,000. and won its contention in a suit brought against it to collect its suKscription. The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis Railroad was organized in Septem- ber. 1869. with J. W. Singleton. R. S. Bcnneson, A. J. F. Prevost. William Bowles. C. H. Curtis, Edward Wells. Eli Seehorn. Perry Alexanilcr and C. S. Higbee as directors. Mr. Singleton was elected president and T. T. Woodruff, .secretary and treasurer. The line is a section of the Quincy System, the original line having l)een completed in 1872. Its western terminus is East Louisiana, Mis.souri. R.MLRo.vD Bridges Across the Ri\'er In order to link tbe railway lines which already terminated at Quincy with those on the other side of the river it became neces- sary to build a substantial bridge acro.ss the great waterway which separated them. That important achievement was realized in October, 1868, when the first railroad bridge was thrown across the river at mi 3 > > « &. o ■m .SI OS w a W H b. O a a X o z ' ground ajid a better route in our opinion than the one over which the road now runs, and accordingly commenced at the north side of the aforementioned creek immediately on the bank .just above where the road crosses it and blazed a route in a straight direction with the "north or Quincy end" of the road running near Dr. Baker's haystack and between the bluff and a mound, and straight near the bluff until it intersects the present road in the timber south of said farm. We believe this blazed route is nearer than the old one and runs on better ground, and that the contemplated change will be of public and general utility and convenience. ' 'All of which is respectfully submitted. December 4, 1828. " 'Subscribed and sworn to in open court. Dflcember 4, 1828. "'(Signedl We.'^i.ey Wfi.i.ia.ms. SAMtrn^ Cox, Jonx Wood, Reviewers. " 'Henry H. Snow. Clerk.' 196 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY "The above report shows very clearly that the commissioners in charge tried to serve the general public much better than nowadays and had in mind the matter of upkeep on highways ; while thej' never once thought of the tremendous upkeep that would become necessary on even the best tj'pe of highways through the inventiou of the swift moving vehicle known as the automobile. Pioneer Roads and Bridges "By this time highways had been laid out in what is now the County of Adams. And on March 2, 1828, after careful consideratiou of conditions, the commissioners decided to divide Adams County int(j fourteen road districts and to appoint fourteen men as supervisors of said roads in these districts. Later on two more road districts were added and from 1828, especially, to 1840, road viewing and road lay- ing-out was the principal work of the County Board of Commissioners. "The building of wooden bridges was begun a little previous to 1840 and continued until 1850, at which time this practice was super- seded by the building of the steel bridge, which period extended until about 1913. In 1850 the Old Bear Creek bridge, which is still stand- ing between Quincy and Lima, was begun and completed a short time afterwards. After this bridge had beeu completed, being en- tirely constructed of wood, the Count}- Commissioners passed the fol- lowing by-laws : ' No person shall ride or drive over this bridge faster than a walk; uo smoking or fire of any kind closer than 100 yards; not more than twenty-five head of cattle or horses on bridge at any time.' The bridge cost $9,331.54 and was built by Amos Green in 1850. Improvements in Road and Bridge Building "In the year 1850, Adams County had beeu divided into town- ships, and permitted each township to select its own officers and to levy- taxes for town purposes, as well as for road and school purposes ; which road tax wa.s to be expended under the direction of three high- ways commissioners who had power to appoint as many road bosses as they saw fit, to oversee the work to be done. Taxes for road pur- poses were not paid in cash, but by labor, and entirely under the supervision of the township commissioners. This, in the opinion of many was a change for the worse in the matters of improving high- ways, as it created many different methods of improving highways as there were persons elected to the position of highway commissioner, and in some cases, as was the case in this county, there were as many as 300 different men having jurisdiction on the small number of high- ways that then were in existence. However poor this method seemed, it lasted in the main until about the year 1900, when a law was passed doing away with road overseers and making only the three highway commissioners of every township responsible for the highways therein. QIIXCV AND ADAMS COUXTV 197 Another important feature of the new hiw was that whieh provided for the paying of the road tax in cash. While these were important features in the road law Adams County Board of Supervisors eould yet see that it was necessary for the county to aid the townships in the erection of tJie larger bridges and more important highway con- struction therein. Therefore it will be noted all along the line of procedure of the Board of Supervisors that the county willingly aided the township by the appropriation of what would total several millions of dollars for the purpose of improving highways and bridges. •"During the steel-bridge construction period in this county it was believed by many that there was considerable graft in that connection. Many of our steel bridges, while serving their purpose, are much lighter in weight than they should be. In many instances can bo cited liridges of from thirty-five to fifty feet span costing in the neighbor- iiood of $2,500, where bridges with four foot spans costing $15 to $18 would have served the purpose. While all of this is taken into con- sideration the County of Adams is to be congratulated on the number and condition of our highways and bridges at present. It is estimated that their value is nearly one and one-half million dollars; while those fonstnicted entirely by the townships are estimated at something less than two hundred thousand dollars. The Tice Hard Ro.\d Law "Seemingly, there was no great change in the laws toward high- way improvement that pointed to any permanency until the year 1913, when Homer Tice, then chairman of the Roads and Bridges Committee in the House of Representatives, secured the passage of what is known as the Tice Hard Road law. Until this time automo- bile owners had been paying license fees to the State for the privilege of operating their cars thereon and no provision for the expenditure of this money had been made by the Legislature. It was felt among many that the money collected from the operation of cars should be expended on the highways : and accordingly they pa.ssed a law re- turning to counties an amount proportionate to the road and bridge tax levied therein, on the condition that the county would provide by taxation an amount equal to the amount offered by the State. The law also created the State Highway Commission and County Superin- tendent of Highways, under whose direction were placed the expendi- ture of these moneys. Many feeling that the money appropriated for road purposes had been unwisely oxjicnded, deemed it necessary that there should be some one charged with the expenditure of these moneys and that tliey should show by examination, or otherwise, that they were capable of improving and building highways. Thus the applicants for the office of county superintendent of highways must pass a rigid examination based on the construction and im]irove- ment of highways, apd their names being sent to the County Board of Supervisors that body selected from the eligibles a mani to serve 198 QUrXCY AND AUAilS COUNTY in that oapaeity. You will see that the official named, having juris- diction over the commissioner of highways of the townships and over the expenditure of the money, would create somewhat of an ill feeling in certain (juarters and aceordinglj' there was an effort put forth to eliminate the office that had been created. "The law also gave the people the right to decide whether each township should have one or three highway commissioners and gave them the right to bond the county in order to provide funds for the building of hard roads. All of this, of course, affected the County of Adams. In 1913, therefore, in accordance with the law, the Board of Supervisors appointed Floyd Bell, of Paj'son, county superin- tendent of highways. He served a year and two months in the office, when he resigned and L. L. Boyer, of Liberty, was selected to fill out his unexpired term. "Soon after Mr. Boyer 's appointment a resolution was passed to submit the proposition for issuing bonds to the amount of $700,000, in order to create a fund for the improvement by constructing the hard roads of the county. It was sub.sequently withdrawn, as the con- clusion had been reached that that was an insufficient sum to carry out the work contemplated. After much discussion, both in and out- side the board, and after plans, specifications and estimates had been prepared and thoroughly considered, a resolution finally went through submitting to a vote of the people of the county, at the election in January, 1917, the proposition to issue bonds for highway purposes in the sum of $1,180,000. While the bond issue was defeated by a vote of 16.000 to 12,004, the County Board had by no means lost in- terest in the subject, as it had been continuously appropriating money for the construction of bridges and the repair of old ones. Gr.wel and M.\c.\dam Roads "Previous to 1913, when the Tice Hard Road law became effective, Adams County had a few of her highways improved fairly perma- nently with gravel and macadam. North Twelfth Street had been graveled by K. K. Jones more than twenty years before and is still in fair shape. Gravel roads have also been constructed to a consider- able extent in Riverside, Burton, Melrose, Ellington and Lima town- ships. The Quincy-Liberty road was selected by the Board of Super- visors as the thoroughfare to be improved by State aid under the Tice Hard Road law, and accordingly for the past four years about a mile and a half of concrete have been laid out on that highway at a cost of $16,000 per mile, and about three and a half miles of water bound macadam, at a cost of some $13,000 a mile. "During the year 1917 an especially heavy storm swept the west- ern part of Illinois and flooded lands that had escaped inundation for years. It caused much damage to many of the highways in Adams County and some of the important bridges were completely destroyed. The county superintendent of highways made an estimate of the QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 199 amouut necessary to be expended in order to replace tlie bridges and put all in normal condition for traffic. He asked the Board of Super- visors for a special aiipropriation of $80,000 for that purpose, and obtained half that amount. Illinois St.vte Highw.w Plan- "Believing that this method of highway construction was too slow, those most interested in the imi>rovement of highways through- out the State will attempt to secure the passage of a bill through the Legislature, submitting to the people the proposition to issue $60,000,- 000 in bonds to be used in the construction of 4.S00 miles of perma- nent highways in Illinois. Those especially identified with the move- ment in Adams County discovered that in the state-wide scheme of highway eonsti-uctioii oidy one line jienotrated their territory; and that was a comparatively unimportant branch from Mount Sterling west to Quincy. When the discovery wa.s made, the State Aid Road C(immitte<*, consisting of James Cook, Oscar Arntzent and Robert Mclntyre, were cidlcd to the office of the .superintendent of highways for a conference as to what could be done toward securing three high- ways, which should lead into Quincy from the north and south, as well as from the e^st. As a result of that meeting, the committee mentioned, with II. F. Scarborough, of Payson, representatives of the Quincy Cliamber of Commerce, Mayor Abbott. Thomas Rcatty and the county superintendent of highways, went to Springfield and, with the eo-operation of the representatives and state senators from the district, secured the three highways leading into Adams County in- -stead of the solitary line from the cast. When the bill was sub- mitted to the governor for his signature, he held that it would be illegal for him to sign it. as the limit of state taxation had been reached under the constitution. He stated, however, that he was in favor of highwaj" improvements, and that if measures could be passed raising the license fees for automobiles and i-liauffeurs .50 per cent for two years these sources of income would more than pay the $60,000,000 bond issue, with interest, for the construction of the grand contemplated system of .state highways. "If the people approve this issue of bonds, at the November elec- tion of 1918, the State of Illinois will have inaugurated a system of highways which, when completed, will give her first rank in the nation: whereas, three years ago she stood twenty-third, and at present is seventeenth among the States." CHAPTER IX THE MARTIAL RECORD The Black Hawk War — The Eakly-Tijie Militia — The Mormon War — QuiNCY as a Peace Maker — Mexican War and Adams County Victims — The Civil War — Different Units Represent- ing Adams County — The Women of Quincy — Lightning War Moves — Off for Cairo — Colonel Prentiss in Command — Tenth Infantry Illinois Volunteers — Gen. B. M. Prentiss — Gen. James D. Morg.vn — Gen. John Tillson — ^^Villiam H. Collins' War Notes — The War as Centered at Quincy — Local Military Leaders — The Sixteenth Infantry — The Twenty-seventh In- fantry — The Fiftieth and Col. M. M. Bane — The Eighty- fourth Infantry — The One Hundred and Eighteenth In- fantry — The One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry — The Needle Pickets — Sisters of the Good Samaritan — The First Soldiers' Monument — Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home — Quincy in the Spanish-American War — Quincy Naval Re- serves After the War — Promptly Answer Last Call to the Colors — On Board Torpedoed Ship^ — Company I, Eighth Illi- nois Volunteers — Active JIilitary Bodies — The ]\Iachine Gun Company. Adams is old enough as a county to have made quite a long martial record, and it is not going beyond the facts to state that it has done so. The participation of its people in matters military was rather sporadic and intermittent ; it was taken in spa.sms and spurts until the Civil war gradually and fully absorbed every ounce of its mau and woman power for four long and agonizing years. The Spanish- American war was a mere episode in the chapter, although its citi- zens were ready and eager to make it more, if the occasion should call for greater sacrifices. And now, and for considerably more than a year past, the county is in the greatest Avar of all, fought for the broadest and highest ideals for which any nation, or part of a nation, can contend. The Black Hawk War Adams County sent two full companies to fight Black Hawk and his Indians, in April, 1832. The general outside facts of that first taste of military excitement experienced by the State of Illinois were 200 (^II.\( V AMI ADA.MS COrNYV 201 that Governor Reynolds called out the eitizcn soldiery in the sjiring of the previoas year, when the Indian menace fii"st assumed alarming [iroiKirtions. The settlers of Rock River and vicinity sent iiini a petition in April of that year, stating that "last fall the Black llawk band of Indians almost destroyed all of our crops and made several attacks on the owners, when they attempted to jirevent their depreda- tions, and wounded one man by actually stabbing him in several places." The petition, which was signed by thirty-five or forty per- sons, represented that there were 600 or TOO Indians among them. Another petition sets forth that "the Indians pasture their horses in our wheat fields, shoot our cows and cattle, and threaten to burn our houses over our heads if we do not leave." Therefore, on 'May 26, 1831, the governor called on the militia of the state for 700 mounted men. Beardstown was the designated place of rcndezA'ous, and sndi was the courage and alarm of the settlers that almost three times the number requested offered themselves for the venture. After the selection had been made, the mounted troops left the encampment near Rushville for Rock Island, June 15, 1831, and on the 30th of the month, in a council held for the purpose at that place, Black Hawk and twenty-seven chiefs and warriors on the part of the Indians and Gen. Edmund P. Gaines, of the United States army, and John Reynolds, governor of Illinois, for the whites, signed a treaty of peace and friendship. That agreement bound the Indians to make their permanent home west of the Mississippi River. But in April, 1832, it became evident that Black Hawk had vio- lated the treaty, for, with 500 of his warriors, he then appeared in the Rock River country again spreading apprehension and indigna- tion throughout the state. When Governor Reynolds, at his Belle- ville home, heard of their threatening movements and realized that they had no intention of retiring beyond the ^lississippi he at once moved decisively. On the 16th of April, 1832, he issued a call for all available militia to meet at Beardstown on the 22d of the month. That appeal, or mandate, brought out the two companies from Adams rViunty. William G. Flood was captain of one of them, with E. L. Pierson lieutenant, and the second was raised and commanded by Sheriff Earl Pierce. John Wood went with the other plucky settlers and took with him his two hired men. Robert Tillson, the postmaster at Quiney, could not leave his official post, but sent John if. Holmes and another clerk in his store, each with an outfit of gun. tin cup, blanket and provisions. At that time the population of the county seat was about 400, and the Quiney Postoffice accommodated a large northern country. From the south the mail was brought once a week by a man on horseback, from f'arrollton. Af)ple Creek and Atlas. It is therefore no fiction to repeat that Qiiincy could not spare Post- master Till.son at the time of the Blink Ilawk war. As it was. he was one of only half a dozen ablc-bodii-d men left behind to defend the town and its women and children : such was the sweeping call caused l)v the treacherous l)reach of faith made bv Black Hawk and 202 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY his followers. Naturally, much uueasiuess was felt by those left behiud — both the little band of defenders and the great majority of women and children — until the news reached Quincy that a more assuring treaty had been made with the Black Hawk Indians, on the 15th of September, 1832. The Eaely-Time Militia The agitations of the Black Hawk war created a military spirit of preparedness and the organization, at a somewhat later period, of several local companies which claimed to have drilled themselves above the facetious classification "cornstalk militia." In the late '30s the Quincy Grays were perhaps the most stable and efficient of these organizations. In 1843, when the Mormons of Nauvoo and Hancock County com- menced to appear in the affairs of "Western Illinois and Adams County as possible firebrands to light a local civil war, the people of Quincy decided to organize as strong a military company as possible. The preliminary meetings were held at the courthou.se on March 1st and 6th, of that year, with Edward Charles in the chair and I. V. "W. Dutchess as secretary. Officers were not immediately selected, but a drill-master was chosen in the person of James D. Morgan, who in subsequent years was to make so fine a record in both the Mexican and the Civil wars and to reach the high grade of brevet major gen- eral. At the election on the 9th of May he received sixty votes for captain of the Quincy riflemen, as the company was called ; Benjamin M. Prentiss, whose military fame was to be equally prominent, be- came first lieutenant by a similar vote; William Y. Henry was elected second lieutenant, also by sixty votes ; Charles Everett, Jr., re- ceived thirty-six votes for third lieutenant and James C. Sprague, twelve votes for the same rank. Nearly 190 members signed their names to the constitution of the company. The style of uniform adopted was "for privates, gold lace upon the collar and cuffs, and twenty-four buttons, after the style of a coat exhibited and worn by Sergt. Chickering ; pants dark, with yellow stripe an inch wide down outside seam of leg." A called meeting was held June 26th, in response to a request from Brigadier General Denny to a.ssist in the search of Nauvoo. The invitation was declined, but two days later, having heard of the kill- ing of Joseph Smith and his brother, the death of William Richards and the supposed peril of Governor Ford, the company placed itself under the command of Colonel Flood, as did the German Guards, an Irish company and an organization of volunteers under command of Capt. A. Johnston. There were seventy-seven riflemen, and all the commands were enrolled as the Quincy Battalion. On the day named, June 2Sth, the men embarked for Warsaw on the steamer "Boreas." From this time on, during a period of two years, the interest attached to the Quincy Riflemen, who were the representative military or- QUIXCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 203 gauization of Adams County, depeudis upou their ijaiticipatiou in the Mormon war, and still later in the War with Mexico. The Mormon War Before the Quinc-y Riflemen embarked, a putjlic meeting of citizens was held and a connuittec of twelve ajjpointed to go to tlie scene of the disturbance, and throughout the succeeding two years of agita- tions over the Mormon eomjilications it was largely through the in- fluence of the people of that city that compromises were effected which finally resulted in the departure of the deluded people without serious liloodshed. Governor Ford was in Xauvoo at the time Joseph Smith declared martial law there, and the killing of the three Prophets took place in the local jail. Soon after the tragedy, the governor escaped to Quincy. and on the following day issued the following proclama- tion, the first gubernatorial paper which has ever gone forth from the county seat of Adams : " Headqlarters, Quixcy, June 29, 1844. "It is ordered that the connnandants of regiments in the counties of Adams, Marquette, Pike, Brown, Schuyler, Morgan, Scott, Cass, Fulton, and MeDonough, and the regiments comprising Greneral Stafl^'s brigade, shall call tiieir respective regiments and battalions together immediately upou receipt of this order, and proceed by voluntary enlistment to enroll as many men as can be armed in their resj^ective regiments. '"They will make arrangements for a campaign of twelve days, and will provide themselves with arms, ammunitions and provisions accordingly, and hold themselves in readiness immediately to march upon receipt of further orders. "The independent companies of riflemen, infantry, cavalry and artillery, in the above named counties and in the county of Sangamon, will hold themselves in readiness in like manner. "Thomas Ford, "Governor and Commander-in-Chief." The Quincy Battalion returned from Nauvoo in a few da.vs, after the imminent danger of further rioting had passed, but Governor Ford remained some time in the city, as he considered it particularly eligible from a strategic standpoint, and was there visited by deputa- tions from the seat of disturbance. During that period, in fact, Quincy was not only the seat of .iustice for Adams County, but was the state capital. Tn Septeml>er, 1844, while the town still had that dignity, the governor i.ssued orders, in his capacity of commander-in- ehief of the state militia, for the companies with headquarters at Quincy to rendezvous at some point in Hancock County. The people of Hancock County had advertised generally that they would as.semble at a set day for the "fall wolf hunt," but as there was still much bitter feeling between the Mormons and anti-Mormons Governor Ford wa? 204 QULNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY fearful of a clash, even if one were not contemplated under the guise of a "wolf hunt." He therefore called out the Quiucy companies, and the Riflemen and German Guards left for Hancock County. But the wolf hunt passed off without unusual incident. On the last day of the month (September) two of the defendants charged with the killing of Joseph and Hiram Smith were brought before Judge Thomas, then holding Circuit Court at Quiney, and underwent a preliminary examination. Their attorneys were 0. H. terowning and E. D. Baker, and the state was represented by A. T. Bledsoe and Thomas Campbell. On the 2d of October the parties to the suit entered into an agi-eement for the defendants' appearance at the Hancock Court. From the following paragraph in the Quiney "Whig of that date it is evident that Governor Ford left the town for his regular capital a few days before the date mentioned: "The Springfield Cadets, after being escorted to the outskirts of the city by our volunteer companies, started for their homes on Wednesday last, as did also the commander-in-chief. His Excellency, Thomas Ford." There were trials for the Smith murders at Carthage, but no con- victions, and the Legislature sitting in June, 1845, repealed all the Mormon charters. QuiNCY AS A Peace-Maker Soon after the death of the Smiths, Brigham Young became the head of the Mormon Church. Renewed charges and complaints of simdry crimes and murders were made by the people of Hancock County against the Mormons, and counter charges and accusations were piled up with equal rapidity and pressed with like vigor and bitterness. At length old political differences were laid aside, and there remained substantially but two parties in the entire region— :Mormons and anti-Mormons. Not only in Hancock, but mainly in Adams, and to a lesser degree in other ad.jacent counties, the belief solidified that there could be no peace in that section of Western Illinois until the Mormons vacated the country. That conviction was so deeply impressed upon the citizens of Quiney that on September 22, 1845, a largely attended mass meeting was held at the courthouse at which it was resolved to send a com- mittee of citizens to Nauvoo to acquaint Brigham Young with their positive belief, representing the sentiment of their community, that the only path to peace lay through the Mormon exodus beyond the Mississippi. The committee thus chosen, the members of which waited upon Brigham Young on the day following their appointment by their fellow-citizens, comprised Henry Asbury, John P. Robbins, Albert G. Pearson, P. A. Goodwin, J. N. Ralston, M. Rogers and E. Conyers. Nearly forty years afterward Mr. Asbury wrote this account of the committee's visit to the ilormon leader: "Tt is proper to state here that this action on the part of Quiney was taken in a spirit QUINCY AND A I) A.MS L(JU.\ 1 V 205 of kindness towards all the parties, and her views were coininunicated to the Nauvoo authorities in a respectful aud straightforward luamier. Our committee arrived at Nauvoo on the day following after the meet- ing here at about 11 o'clock A. ^I. Wo found the city under a sort of mditary or martial law. On our way to the hotel where we stopped we passed one or more armed sentinels upon their beats. We found soon alter our arrival that l^rigliam Young and some others of the leading men were absent at Carthage, but were expected to return that evening. Our committee had to await the return of IVIr. Young. "During the afternoon we looked around the city to some extent, and made some inquiries of those we met a.s to the present population of Nauvoo and its general conditions. We were informed that the population of the city was then 15,000 souls, and during the long hours we had to wait for the return of Mr. Young we had time and occasion to discuss among ourselves the rather singular nature of our mission, and the magnitude of the modest request of Quincy that this people should pull up stakes and go away. And let it be remembered that Quincy, which was the first to receive and treat with kindness the ilormon people, was the first, though reluctantly, to sa.v to them, without threatening, it would be best for them to go. "Brigham Young arrived from Carthage late, and at near 11 o'clock at niglit your committee delivered the Quincy resolutions witi> a .short and respectful note from the committee. The next morning at breakfast the committee received the reply 'To Whom it May Con- cern.' " The reply, to which reference is made, is signed by Brigham Young, president, "by order of the Council." Writing as president of "a council of the authorities of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints at Nauvoo," he acknowledged the receipt of the communication from the committee requesting that body to "com- numicate in writing our disposition and intention at this time, par- ticularly with regard to removing to some place where the peculiar organization of our church will not be likely to engender so much strife and contention as so unhappily exists at this time in Hancock and some of the adjoining counties." The reply then a.sserts the desire of the Mormons for peace; acknowledges the past hospitality and kindness nf the people of Qiiinry; claims that their opjiosition has been only a "resistance to mobocracy" and not to legally con- stituted authority, and finally records the promise to the governor, "all the authorities and people of Illinois and the surrounding States and Territories, that we propose to leave this county next spring for some point so remote that there will not need to be a difficulty with the people and ourselves, provided certain propositions neees- sar>- for the accomplishment of our removal shall be observed, as follows, to-wit : "That the citizens of this and surrounding counties will use their inflnenee and exertions to help us to sell or rent our properties, so 206 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY as to get means enough that we can help the widow, the fatherless and destitute, to remove with us ; "That all men will let us alone with their vexatious lawsuits so that we may have the time, for we have broken no law; and help us to cash, dry goods, groceries, good oxen, milch cows, beef cattle, sheep, wagons, mules, harness, horses, etc., in exchange for our property at fair prices, and deeds given on payment, that we may have the means to accomplish a removal without the suffering of the destitute to an extent beyond the endurance of human nature ; "That all exchanges of property be conducted by a committee or committees of both parties, so that all business may be transacted hon- orably and speedily ; "That we will use all lawful means in connection with others to preserve the public peace, while we tarry, and shall expect decidedly that we be no more molested with house-burning, or any other depre- dations to waste our property and time and hinder our business ; "That it is a mistaken idea that we 'have proposed to remove in six months' ; for that would be so eai-ly in the spring that grass might not grow or water run, both of which would be necessary for our removal ; but we propose to use our influence to have no more seed-time nor harvest among our people in this county after gathering our present crops; ' ' And that all communications be made in writing. ' ' After the return of the committee to Quincy a report of the out- come of their mission was made to another mass meeting of citizens and the reply of President Young and the Mormon Council communicated to that body, which formally indorsed their actions. A few days afterward, in October, a meeting was held at Carthage comprising citizens from nine of the surrounding counties, accepting the pledges made by the Mormon leaders. Thus, though comparative peace reigned in Warsaw and Hancock County, the Quincy Rifles were on the ground of the former disturbances, at various periods from Sep- tember, 1845, to May, 1846, when they joined General Hardin's brigade for Mexico. September of that year came, and long after "grass grew and water ran" a considerable number of the Mormons still remained in Hancock County. The story of their final departure to Salt Lake, and the creditable part taken by the citizens of Quincy as mediators and peace-makers, has never been told so well or so fully as by Henry Asbury, who was also one of the chief makers of history during that culminating period of violence and excitement. Here is his version, commencing Septem- ber, 1846: "The better element of the Mormons, including their leaders and the strong men and women best fitted for the journey, had gone, leaving many of the poorest and perhaps most worthless people still at Nauvoo, with the seeming purpose to remain there for another winter at least, if not for an indefinite period to come. Then there arose another struggle, the last and the final one. "Warrants had been issued against some parties at Nauvoo charging some crim- QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 207 inal oflfense, and tinally placed in the hands of John Carliu to be executed; and, under the claim that he had the right to call out the whole power of the county to enable him to go to Nauvoo and arrest the parties, there was soon gathered a large body of men under the command of Colonel Tom Brockman, the sturdy blacksmith from Brown County— a man of great determination, a good stump orator and with the strength and constitution of a horse. "Brockman was caught in the tide of angry passions which sur- rounded him and soon found, even if he had desired to be otherwise, that the so-called 'posse comitatus' were bent on going into Xauvoo. His command from first to last embraced as many as 800 men, mostly well armed. The Mormons and their allies numbered, as stated in a message of Governor Ford dated nccember, 1846, at first about 250, but were diminished by desertions and removals before the decisive action took place to about 150. "After Brockman arrived near the city on the 11th, he sent into Nauvoo a flag of truce, under which he demanded surrender, etc. This was denied and on Saturday, September 12, 1846, there occurred the battle of Xauvoo — a few men were killed and a few wounded, and much ammunition expended. On Sunday, the 13th, some of our citizens who were in Xauvoo the day before the attack was made arrived in Quincy with tlie news of the event, and this report, with other information received previou.sly, made it e\adent that the anti- ilormons. under Brockman. would soon again attempt to march into Xauvoo. Some blood having been shed on lM)th sides with no de- cisive results had increased the animosities and, under the conviction that the men under Brockman so greatly outnumbered the other side, that they could and would succeed in going into Xauvoo upon their next attempt, it was believed that, in case they did so, the result might be considerable loss of life, even extending to women and chil- dren and the burning of the town. "The writer meeting the Hon. I. X. ilorris near the Court House said to him: 'Xow, Mr. Morris is the time for Quincy to act. We should send up to Xauvoo at once a large committee with the hope of preventing another battle, and perhaps save o»ir State from the disgrace resulting from the probable killing of even women and chil- dren in the fight.' 'Singularily enough,' said Mr. Morris, 'I was hunting you for the same object. "We should send a committee of one hundred of our best citizens.' 'Yes.' said T. 'all, if you please, anti-Mormons, or those who realize that the ^lormons must go .soon, if not now. "We must try to prevent further bloodshed.' "So on Sunday, September 1^. 1846 — T believe that was the date — "Sir. Morris and myself went forth through the town and called a meeting at the Court House for that evening. A large number of those notified attended, whose names were written down, and it wa.s agreed and appointed that this committee of one hundred should start out at an early hour next morning for the seat of war. Tt was understood that they were to go unarmed, and for the purpose of 208 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY negotiating au agreement or treaty between the belligerents so as to prevent further bloodshed, and such disasters as we felt miglit foUow another attempt on the part of Broekmau 's army to fight its way into Nauvoo. The committee had no thought that they could dictate terais to the parties engaged in the contest. Their main idea and purpose was to stop the war. "The committee arrived at a point about two and a half miles east of Nauvoo on the same or the next day after they left Quincy and encamped; but previously they had sent messengers iuto Brock- man's camp and into Nauvoo, notifying each party of their coming and of our desire and purpose to act as mediators to prevent further war, and also stating to both sides that we were unarmed, but auti- Mormons, and offering our services to aid in preventmg further bloodshed. Our committee soon after its arrival and encampment appointed two sub-committees, one to visit Brockman's camp outside of the city and the other to visit Nauvoo. The writer served on both committees upon different occasions, and was present in Nauvoo at the final close of negotiations. Our first object was to effect a sus- pension of hostilities between the parties to allow time for negotia- tions. After some reluctance on the part of the besieging army, we got an agreement for a short suspension of firing, but before we got through some misapprehension occurring firing was again renewed, and in one instance a six-pound shot fell near the Mormon head- quarters whilst some of the committee were in them. Another delay occurred in which our sub-committees had to visit each camp to explain. ' ' Our committee obtained from Brockman what he proposed. This was objected to by the Nauvoo parties, who sent a counter-proposition which was at once rejected by Brockman. Our committee then for the first time made out and sent unto each party a proposition ; this was accepted by Nauvoo and rejected by Brockman. The writer then proposed to the committee to come home. In our proposition the Mormons were not to be compelled to remove from Nauvoo imme- diately, bi;t within a short time limit, and not to be hurried off in a day. Our sub-committee was then instructed to go to Brockman and get his ultimatum. "When this was received in our camp it was found substantially the same as his first, and was to the effect that the posse eomitatus should march into Nauvoo the next day at 12 o'clock M. This ultimatum was finally accepted by the Nauvoo authorities and an agreement or treaty was drawn up by our secretary, Andrew Johnston, Esq., now of Kichmond, Virginia. This treaty was first signed by parties at Brockman's camp, but before this could be done the night of the second day after the committee had arrived had set in ; but with this treaty one of our sub-committees, cousisting of Mr. Johnston, Mr. Morris. Mr. Asbury and one or two others, repaired tn the headqiiarters of the Mormon authorities in Nauvoo. where it was sismed bv them, and then the dogs of war were called off. "Bv this time it was nearly 11 o'clock at night, and one of the VriXCV AX!) ADAMS ( UlNTV 209 darkest ni^'hts 1 over saw, and we foimd the utmost ditliculty in find- ing our way back to our canip; in fact, we got lost and had to take shelter for the remainder of the night in an old empty house we found in our wanderings. That night was a hard night; it liad rained and turned quite cool. None of us had l)]ankets, and some of us were without cloaks or overcoats. The tardy daylight at length appeared and we returncil to camp for breakfast, and about 11 o'clock Hrockinaii marshalled his hosts and started for Nauvoo, our committee bringing up the rear of the procession, and now, like the little boy, 'had noth- ing to say.' "On the loth or 16th, I believe, of September, 1846, when our committee entered Xauvoo with Brockman's forces, we kept together for a time near the headquarters of these forces, and not long after we arrived at the point one or more gentlemen, claiming to be resi- dents of Xauvoo, l)ut not Mormons, stated to our committee that they had been threatened with expulsion bj- some of the posse under Brock- man, and desired our committee to interpose in their behalf. Some of us went with the men to Brockman's headquarters and stated the complaint, but we were informed that their agreement or treaty had been made with the Mormons alone and that nothing was said about the 'Jacks;' that they must take care of themselves. No arms werp formally delivered to the committee by the Mormons or others within our knowledge, though I believe some were delivered to the po.sse: we. as a committee, finding ourselves entirely powerless to interfere with the purposes of those under Brockman's command. "Before Brockman's army and posse, as it was termed, went into the city, every Mormon had left. "We did not see one. I regret that T have not the treaty before me as I write, but, as recollected, nothing was said in it to the effect that the Mormons should leave Nauvoo that day, though it was understood that they should lea%'e the city soon. "We witnessed no act of violence or disorder whilst we staid, but find- ing our committee could exercise no influence in any way we left Nauvoo for home. "We were only assured by Brockman's officers that in respect to the Mormons the treaty should be faithfully carried out, and I believe it was as to them. When we left, the Mormons were all over the river, at or near ^fontrose. and it was represented to us that they were in a very destitute condition. Our committee re- solved that upon returning home we should at once set about collect- ing money, clothing and provisions, to be forwarded to these people. Tpon our return home we carried out this resolution by collecting a large sum of money and provisions and clothing, which were sent to them. The citizens of Qnincy then made larpre contributions and did. as when the ilormons first camp here, all they coidd for their relief. "Governor Ford, in a report made to the TTouse of Kepresentatives in relation to the diflicultics in Hancock County, dated Sprincrfiold. December 7, lfi46, amnns other things, speaking of the Quincy com- mittee, says: 'At last, through the intervention of an anti-Mormon eommittpp from Qnincy, the Mormons were induced to submit to such 210 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY terms as the posse chose to dictate, which were, among others, that the Mormons sliould immediately give up their arms to the Quincy committee and remove from the State. The trustees of the Mormon Church and their clerks were permitted to remain for the sale of Mormon property, and the posse were to march in unmolested, and leave a sufficient force to guarantee the execution of their stipulation. ' "In this statement the Governor was mistaken in saying that the Mormons were, through the intervention of our committee, induced to submit to such terms as the posse might dictate. The Quincy com- mittee went to Nauvoo unarmed, taking no part in the fight. They were, however, convinced when they left Quincy that there could be no peace in Hapcock County so long as the Mormons remained, but they had no part in fixing the terms of the treaty. Their proposition had been rejected by Brockman's party and posse, but they did not further urge their views on either party. The Mormon authoritie's signed the treaty, no doubt wisely thinking that it was the best they could do. The writer then believed, and now believes, that the Quincy committee by their intervention and, if yoii please, their wise policy, prevented the loss of many lives. The Broekman party was de- termined to march into Nauvoo. The Nauvoo forces, though small in numbers, were courageously desperate, and a desperate fight would have ensued. The overpowering forces of the posse would have in- sured their victory, but not without the loss of many men on each side, and perhaps the destruction of the town itself. ' ' Mexican War and Adams County Victims The Quincy Riflemen and part of the Irish company were in the war with Mexico and their participation was far from a holiday affair. More than one soldierly death came to the men, and they were proud to bravely uphold the American spirit; which is to be peace- able when you can, but to strike with a lightning might when you must strike at all. Previous to the departure of the riflemen the citizens of Quincy presented swords to Capt. J. D. Morgan and Lieut. B. M. Prentiss. On Wednesday morning, June 14, 1846, the command, which was ninety-six strong (including the officers mentioned, and Second Lieut. "W. Y. Henry), marched to the steamboat landing, where a large crowd was gathered to bid them farewell. Alton was the rendezvous, and. they were the seventh company received into the service there. On the 26th of the following month the First Regiment of Illinois Volunteers was organized, with John J. Hardin as colonel, and the Quincy Riflemen became Company A of that command. In August they were with other American troops at Matagorda Bay and at once marched twelve miles to Camp Irwin; thence, as a unit, the regiment continued to San Antonio, 170 miles in 51 hours, and on the 24th marched into town and saluted General Wool at his head- quarters. Soon afterward the Quincy Riflemen gave an exhibition drill on the public square, which is said to have fully upheld the I^IIXCV AM) ADAMS ( OIXTV 211 repntiitiiin whicli tli(\v had already earned of being the best disciplined company in the regiment. In September First Lieut. H. M. I'rentis.s wa.s elected captain of Company T, in jilace of Captain Diekey, resigned, and W. Y. Henry was advamed to the lirst lientcnaney of Com])any G. On the 10th of October the re-christened Rifles first put foot on Mexican soil. Until early in the following smnmer tboy were ehiefly engaged in garrison duty at Raltillo, al>out three miles north of the Buena Vista battle- field and therefore were not privileged to engage in that historic contest of February, 1847, so disastrous to the vastly superior force of Mexicans. A number of privates died of disease in the strict line of military duty — as honorable a self-sacrifice as though made on the battlefield. Col. John J. TTardin was killed in the famous charge at Buena Vista. On June 17, 1847, the company was mustered out. paid off, supplied with fifteen days' rations, and took the steamer Del Xorte on the Rio Oranile for Quiney, T'nited States of America. The Picket Ciuard was a little paper jirinted in Saltillo by members of the battalion formed by companies A and T, commanded as a whole by Colonel Wan-en and as units by Captains Morgan and Prentiss; and when it was knowni that the garrison was to be sent home the citizens of the place held a meeting, reported at length in the Guard, protesting against thus being deprived of their efficient protectors. But the military authorities decided that tlie men should go home and, it is needless to say, the soldiers rejoiced accordingh'. Tn addition to Captain ^forgan's Company, a number of Quiney men were induced to enlist by Timothy Kelly, most of them having been members of the old Irish Company. "Without flags or swords that plucky fragment of twelve depai-ted early in the war for .Mton, were consolidated with Captain Deutch's Company from Kendall and ^fadison companies and as.signed to the Second Illinois Regiment. After arriving in Texas an election was held at San .\ntonio, and Peter Tjott, of Quiney, was chosen captain and Timothy Kelly, second lieutenant, of what had been designated as Company E. As part of the Second Regiment, the company maj-ched across Texas and crossed the Rio Grande at Presidio. Both took an honorable part in the battle of Buena Vista. Lieutenant Kelly and Private Thomas O'Con- ners being killed in action. On the lOth of June. 1847. the coTupany was mustered out at Camargo and started for home, the remains of Kelly and O'Conners being conveyed to Quiney for interment. TiiF, Civu, War The period of the War of the Rebellion first brought home to the people of Adams County, as of every other county in the Ignited States, the horrors of warfare in their complete intensity up to that time. From the date of the great T'nion mass-meeting held in Quiney .\pril 17, 1861. while the echoes of the Fort Sumter bombardment %vere still rolling through the country, until the surrender of the last Group op Civil War Volunteers (Ftptieth Illinois Infantry) Vri.\( V AND ADAMS COUNTY 21:i stroug defense of the Confederacy at Appomattox, that section of the state was iu the front ranks of promptly enlisted men and brave officers. The foregoing is no general figure of speech, without sub- stantial foundation in fact, for the i-ejxjrt of the adjutant general of the state, J. N. Haynie, published after the war. shows that Adams County sent to the front 5,173 men ; no other counties in the state exceeding it except Cook and LaSalle which were much more populous, the former more than three-fold. Adams County formed one of the five counties in what was tiien the Fourth Congressional District. In 1860 their population was as follows : Adams, 41,144 ; Hancock, 29,041 ; Henderson, 9,499 ; Mer- cer, 15,037; Rock Island, 20,981. Total, 115,720; average population, 23,172. As stated, Adams sent into the war 5,173 men; Hancock, 3,272; Henderson, 1,330; Mercer, 1,620; Rock Island, 2,099. Total for the congressional district, 13,494. and average for each of tlie five counties, 2,698. It will therefore be seen how far Adams County "went over the top" — an expression then unknown, but brought by the world's war into the cosmopolitan English language. Xo more conclusive summary of the part played by Adams Comity in the Civil war has been given than that by Henry Asbury, for more than a year provost inar.shal with headquarters at Quiney, and there- fore authority. He says: "It may not be uninteresting to state here that Illinois is credited (in the adjutant general's report) with having sent info the war 226,592 men, whose names are recorded. Be- sides this number many of our young men throughout the State in the earlier stages of the war, went into other states and there volun- teered. Illinois, as stated, received credit for some of them, but no doubt many of them were not thus credited by reason of the omis- sion, sometimes accidentally, of the volunteer in stating his residence in the enlistment papers. I know of some colored men from Quinoy who were mustered into one or more Ma.ssachusetts regiments. The regiment of Colonel J. A. Bross, the Twenty-ninth United States Col- ored Regiment, was raised mainly in Quinoy — 903 men. How many of these men were credited to Quiney ? Though no doubt some of them were so credited, I do not, as I write now, know. The regiment of Colonel Bross is not mentioned in our Illinois regiments, nor is the regiment of 985 men of Colonel J. W. Wilson so mentioned. There also appears in the adjutant general's report the names of Captain John Curtis, ninety-one men, that of Cajttain Simon G. Stockey, ninety men. and Captain James Steele, eighty-six men." From such facts known respecting Adams County, Mr. Asbury is led to believe, respectins the state at large, that Illinois should be credited with fully 240,000 men who served in the Union armies. "It is proper to remark." he adds, "that the Illinois Legislature convened in special session .\[u-il 2.1. 1861. and out of i-espect to Illi- nois regiments in ^lexieo provided that the infantry regiments raised under the President's proclamation of the 15th of April, 1861. should begin with the number Seven. The law also provided for the election 214 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of a brigadier general. Hence, Benjamin M. Prentiss, of Quiney, became the first brigadier general of volunteers, though by the ruling of the War Department the act of Congress only gave those brigadiers appointed by the President rank from the date of their appointment by him. Prentiss having been at first commissioned by Governor Yates did not take rank until afterward appointed by the President. Different Units Representing Adams County ■'Quiney and Adams County had, as we know, men and officei's, or officers alone, in the following regiments, besides some, perhaps many, not within our observation, namely : Of infantry, the 10th regi- ment, the 14tli, 15th, 16th, 19th, 27th, 33d, 43d, 50th, 58th, 65th, 66th, 73d, 78th, 84th, 97th, 118th, 119th, 137th, 148th, 151st and 154th. Of cavalry Quiney and Adams County sent at least one full company — Delano's, afterward Moore's company, of the Second Regiment — and also Macf all's company of the Third Regiment. "As provost marshal of our district I recruited and mustered quite a large number of men for cavalry regiments in the field, also in the First and Second regiments, and in the ten batteries of artillery raised by the State we had some men, but exactly how many I cannot state without great care and patient examination of records. My main object in these somewhat statistical statements is to carry the minds of readers back to the times of war in Quiney. In this con- nection I may state that Quiney was represented, more or less, in every army corps of the nation, either in the regular or volunteer service. There could scarcely be a battle of any magnitude during the war but our people, or some of them, felt a personal interest in its results. As a matter of course, we lived in a state of painful excite- ment and anxiety, and when the end came all rejoiced. Many, how- ever, knew that some of those who had gone forth to fight for their country could never return."' In speaking of those 800 Illinois soldiers who died in Anderson- ville prison, Mr. Asbury mentions one as a member of the Tenth Regi- ment, thirty-tliree victims as belonging to the Sixteenth, fourteen to tlie Seventy-Eighth and seven to the Eighty-Fourth — some of them from Adams County. "Though our city and county had their full share of horrors incident to and resulting from the great War of the Rebellion, we >et. in a business and commercial point, were exceedingly prosperous. In the matter of saddles, harness and war equipments alone to the amount of as much as $250,000 at least were furnished to the Government, and though some of our manufacturers, owing to delayed payments and the sudden rise in prices of material, eventually lost money under their contracts, yet in a general way we had a great season of business prosperity during the war. "Our hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers, our commissary and quartermaster's department and last, though not least, the head- quarters of the provost marshal's office for our district, all tended QUINCY AND ADAMS COl'XTY 215 to keep every man busy aud anxious in the discharge of his duties. It may be proper to state here that during tiie year and fifteen days the writer held tiic otWee of provost marslial here, there were sent into the war from these headtiuartere, of volunteers, drafted men and sub- stitutes, 4,000 men. There were sent during the services of my pred- ecessor, of volunteers about 500 men. The whole number of men credited to our office, including deserters from other states and from our own State. 4.750 men, or more than five regiments. The Women of Quincy ■"1 could deem myself greatly remiss and at fault, if I should not say a few words concerning the women of Quincy and the county dur- ing the war, and especially their two great societies, 'The Needle Pickets' and 'The Good Samaritans.' These societies had a laudable rivalry as to whicli could best work, and do most for the comfort of the sick and wounded soldiers. I think the total of their contribu- tions, if merely counted at their money value, amounted to man.v thousands of dollars. If our mothers of the revolution knew how to 7iiinister to the wants of our fathers in their struggle for national independence, the wives and daughters and sisters of Quincy also knew and felt what was due from them towards those fighting for the preservation of our heritage of liberty. We are proud to say that the women of Quincy were not one whit behind the best and foremost of their sex anywhere throughout our country in their patriotic and efficient help." Lightning War Moves On the evening of April 15, 1861, the National Secretary of War .sent a dispatch to Governor Yates calling upon iiim, as the representa- tive of the State of Illinois, for six regiments of militia for "imme- diate seniee." On the same day President Lincoln issued his proc- lamation for 75,000 militia, of which number Illinois' quota was 4,683 men. The governor also issued a proclamation on that day convening the I.*gislature to pass measures for organizing and equip- ping the six regiments required, and the adjutant-general issued his orders to all the commandants of the state forces to assemble their men for immediate service. Events succeeded each other with light- ning speed in those days. On the evening of the 17th a great Union meeting was held at Quincy. on the grounds outside the court house, at which Charles A. Savage presided, with a backing of vice-presidents and secretaries comprising many prominent citizens of the county. Colonel Morris made a stirring address, the venerable Dr. D. Stahl (one of the vice- presidents) "would only say that he had sworn seventy-five years ago to support the Government of his country and that he should not desert 216 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY it now ill its hour of trial ' ' ; and the glowing Union resolutions which were adopted with a sweeping vote were presented by 0. H. Browning. Off fob Cairo — Colonel Prentiss in Command The War Department at once recognized the importance of sending a strong force of troops to occupy Cairo, jutting out as it did into the border-land of the rebellious states. Accordingly, on April 19th a dispatch was sent to Brigadier-General Swift at Chicago to gather as strong a force as was possible and immediately proceed to Cairo. Within forty-eight hours after the order was received (which was re- markably rapid mobilization in those days, when nothing was pro- vided) General Swift left Chicago over the Illinois Central Railroad with 595 men and four six-pounder pieces of artillery. There were two companies of Chicago Zouaves and commands from other central points. The expedition was indifferently armed with rifles, shot- guns, muskets and carbines gathered from stores and shops in Chicago. The motley command of eager men arrived at Cairo on the following morning (April 23d), on the 24th it was reinforced by seven companies from Springfield under command of Col. Ben- jamin M. Prentiss, who thereupon relieved General Swift and assumed charge of all the troops at Cairo. Traffic in contraband of war had already commenced between Galena and St. Louis with towns on the Mississippi below Cairo, and upon the very day of his arrival Colonel Prentiss received a telegraphic order from Governor Yates to seize the arms and munitions aboard the steamers C. E. Hillman and John D. Perry which were about to leave St. Louis for southern ports. On the evening of the 24th and morning of the 25th, as these boats neared Cairo, Colonel Prentiss directed Captain Smith of the Chicago Light Artillery and Captain Scott of the Chicago Zouaves, to board them and bring them to the wharf. His orders were executed and large quantities of arms and munitions of war were seized and confiscated. Though this seizure was not expressly author- ized by the War DeiDartment, the act of seizure and subsequent con- fiscation was approved, and in ]May the Government at Washington issued a circular to all collectors forbidding shipments "intended for ports under insurrectionaiy control" and also from Cairo. Tenth Infantry Illinois Volunteers When Colonel Prentiss was promoted to be brigadier-general in May, 1861, James D. Morgan, who had been lieutenant-colonel of the Tenth Regiment, was promoted to the colonelcy of the latter. Upon the advancement of Colonel Morgan to the rank of brigadier- general in July, 1862, John Tillson, the old lieutenant-colonel, was advanced a grade and commanded the Tenth Illinois during almost the entire remaining period of the Civil war; the exception being, QUINCV AXI> ADA.MS COUXTY 217 during the march to the sea, when he commanded a brigade and his regiment was assii^rned to Lieut. -Col. David Gillespie. The Tenth Infantry Illinois Volunteers were mustered into the United States s^M-vice at Cairo, Illinois, April 29. 1861, and during its first three months' service garrisoned that place and made expedi- tions to Columbus and Benton, Missouri. In July it was mustered into the service for three years. In the following year it participated in the movements of Pope's army at New ^Madrid, Fort Pillow, I.sland Xo. 10 and the siege of Corinth, the defense of Nashville, and subse- quently was with Sherman at Jlission Ridge, Chickamauga and the march to the sea and through the Carolinas, suffering severely during the attack at Bentonville. After Johnston's surrender, its route was to Richmond. Fredericksburg and Wa.shington, where the regiment participated n the grand review. On the 4th of June. 1865, it proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, was mustered out of the Fiiited States service on the -Ith of July, and received its final discharge July 11, 1865, at Chicago. During the last campaign of the war the Third Brigade, of which it was a part, was commanded by Brev.- Brig. John Tillson. The three officers of highest fame and rank who went from Adams County were, therefore, identified with the Tenth Illinois. Gen. B. ^I. Prentiss Benjamin il. Prentiss was a Virginian, born in Wood County in 1819 and, as a youth, located in Marion County, Missouri, where he engaged in the manufacture of cordage. In the spring of 1841. then twenty-two year of age, he moved to Quincy and there, with liis father, engaged in the same business. During the Mormon excitement he was in the militarj- service of the state, and in the JNIexican war was first-lieutenant of a Quincy company commanded by James D. Morgan and, with his friend, was afterward chosen captain of a com- pany which was incorporated into a battalion assigned to garrison Sal- tillo near Buena Vista. The two, whose fortunes were also to be linked on the broader and more bloody fields of the Civil war, returned to- gether at the close of the comparatively small trouble witli Mexico. Cai)tain Prentiss, as he was then called, commenced the study of the law aftei- his return from ilexico in 1847, and, although h^ studied for five years and was admitted to the bar, varion.= difficnltics occurred to keep him from pi-acticc, until the greatest obstacle of them all, the Civil war, effectually blocked the law for more than four years of storm and stress. After he left Cairo as a brigadier-general he was ordered by General Fremont to Jefferson City, Missoiiri, to take command of the military deparfaent embraced by N.irthern and Central ^fissouri. Subsequently being ordered to the field by General irallcck. he proceeded to Pittsliurg Landing, where he arrived April 1, 1862. and organized and took command of the Sixth Di\ision. On the morinng of the 6th his command was attacked by a superior 218 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY force of the enemy, agaiust which he contended the entire day, being overwhelmed and captured in the evening. He remained a prisoner sis months, and after his exchange was ordered to Washington to sit on the court martial case of Gen. Fitz Jolm Porter. At the close of that trial he was called to report to General Grant at Milliken 's Bend and was assigned the command of the eastern district of Arkansas, with headquarters at Helena. At that place, on July 4, 1863, he com- manded the Union forces in the Battle of Helena, gaining a decisive victory over the greatly superior forces of the enemy. Previous to this he had been promoted to the rank of major general for gallantry at Shiloh. After the Battle of Helena, although his prospects for advancement in the service were of the best, General Prentiss decided to return to Quiney and commence the active and continuous practice of the law; which he did, with marked success, except for short periods of public- office holding, such as that of pension agent, to which he was ap- pointed by President Grant in April, 1869. Gen. James D. Morgan Gen. James D. Morgan, the successor of General Prentiss in com- mand of the Tenth Illinois Regiment, was bom in Boston in 1810, located in Quiney in 1834 and at once got busy in his w^ork as a cooper. Edward Wells was one of his fellow workmen in the same shop, and in the year following his arrival the two rented a little building where the jail now stands and established a business of their own. Mr. Morgan then became a confectioner, but, like his fellow townsman, B. M. Prentiss, his outside diversion was drilling and other matters connected with the Quiney Rifles. Of these he became cap- tain in 1843 and Mr. Prentiss, first lieutenant. They were, therefore, together as local military leaders in the Mormon complications, and Captain ilorgan went to the Mexican war as captain of Company A, First Regiment Illinois Volunteers. Returning to Quiney at the close of the Mexican war, Captain Morgan engaged in various lines of business for the succeeding four- teen years, and at the outbreak of the Civil war modestly accepted the position of orderly sergeant in a company then being raised in Quiney. Proceeding to Cairo with his company, the Tenth Regiment, to which it was attached, unanimously elected him lieutenant-colonel. On the promotion of Colonel Prentiss to command a brigade, he was at once advanced to the colonelcy. His regiment soon after took the field and began its fine career of nearly five years of ser\'ice. Bird's Point, New Madrid. Corinth, Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, Berton's Hill and all the rest to Johnston's final surrender are to the credit of the hard fighting and faithful campaigning of the Tenth. At the engagement last named General Morgan, who had been "brigadier" for some time, was advanced to the grade of brevet major-general for gallantry in action. After the war. General Morgan returned to QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 219 the paths of peace and business in Quincy. For twenty-five years he was associated with the pork-packing firm of C. M. Pomeroy & Company; was one of the first to introduce the public convenience of gas illumination to Quiney; jiromotcd the opera house and railroad projects, and was, in every way. a leader in all legitimate enterprises which promised the substantial advancement of tJie local interests. Gen. Jonx Tillson Probably Gen. John Tillson touches Quiney more intimately, through his family connections, his war record and his public life, than any of the other two citizens of Quiney who were in command of the gallant and faithful Tenth. lie married the eldest daughter of John Wood when he was a young man ; was already earning a name as a public man when the Civil war broke out; in the "War of the Rebellion reached the grade of brevet brigadier-general, his progressive military advancement having been all earned while he was in close or indirect connection with the Tenth Regiment; and afterward saw public service through the governments of his city, state and nation. He was a man of large means, and yet his tastes were so distinctively literary and catholic that his library was for years considered tlic most extensive and also the most select of any private collection in Quiney. To round out his character with a final- ity really worth-while, the General was widely known for liis kindly spirit whicli was always blos.soming out into practical helpfulness and philanthropy. (ieneral Tillson was a native of Illinois, born at Ilillsboro, October 12, 1825, the second son of John and Christiana Holmes Tillson, the former a native of Halifax, the latter of Kingston County, Mas.sa- ehusetts. The father was one of the most prominent men of the state during its first thirty years. He landed in Shawneetown in 1819, at the same time as John Wood, but first settled at Ilillsboro. He made business and real estate investments at Quiney at an early day, althougli he did not go there to reside until 184:1. It is said that he early aciniired a fortune which was the largest in the state. But that was by no means tlic lieight of his ambition. He was both sagacious in business and philantlii-opic in the bestowal of much of his wealth. The variety of his investments may be indicated by such facts as these: He built Ilillsboro Academy; was one of the founders of the Illinois and Shurtleff colleges, and in 1836, five years before he became a resident of the city, erected the Quiney House, then the finest hotel west of Pittsburgh, at a cost of over $100,000. He died at Peoria, in If^liZ. from a sudden attack of heart disease, thus pass- ing away as had his father and grandfather. General Tillson. the son of this good and sturdy John Tillson, received a liberal education thi-ough private tutors at home, at South Reading. ^la.ssachusetts. and at Ilillsboro Academy and Illinois Col- lege. Ill 1847 he graduated from the Transylvania Law School, at 220 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Lexington, Keutiieky, and at once commenced the practice of his pro- fession at Quiucy. While thus engaged, before the Civil war, he was associated for a time with A. Jonas. In 1851 he organized the land agency firm of Tillson & Kingman, and in the late '50s was an unsuc- cessful candidate for both houses of the State Legislature. At the commencement of the War of the Rebellion, Mr. Tillson, with other lieutenants and B. M. Prentiss, orderly sergeant of the Quincy City Guards, offered the company to Governor Yates ; two companies Avere at once raised, which were the first to be presented and mustered into the service at Springfield, and Captains Prentiss and Tillson received the first military commissions issued by Governor Yates. The Tenth Regiment, to which these companies were attached after the organization at Cairo, in April, 1861, elected Captain Tillson successively major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and that regi- ment remained under his command, cither as regimental or brigade- commander, from the time it left Illinois until the final muster-out on July 4, 1865. Twice, during the earlier part of the war. General Tillson declined the promotion to the colonelcy of smother regiment, preferring to remain with the Tenth to the end. His regiment par- ticipated in the movements against New ^Madrid, Island No. 10, Cor- inth, Mission Ridge and the battles under Sherman toward Atlanta. On the fall of the last named city. General Tillson commanded a brigade in the Seventeenth Array Corps, receiving his star as a brigadier while on the march to the sea. General Tillson was mus- tered oiit of the volunteer service July 21. 1865, but remained in the regular army as captain (to which he had been appointed in 1861) and was brevet lieiitenant-colonel in the regular army on recruiting duty until February, 1866, when he resigned. Not long afterward he became a partner in the Quincy Whig, and still later served as president of the company building a railroad from Quincy to Keokuk. In 1873 General TilLson was elected to the lower house of the State Legislature to fill a vacancy and the distinction came at a time when it was an unheard of event for a republican to serve in that bodj-. He resigned his seat in June, to accept the position of United States revenue collector. He had already served three terms in the City Coimcil— elected in 1867, 1869 and 1871— and for a number of years was a member and president of the board of trustees of the Jacksonville Insane Asylum. WiLLI.VM H. COLLIX.5' WaR NOTES The late William H. Collins, founder of the great Collins plow industry after the war, a most humane captain of industry and a philanthropist, as well as a leading public character, was. throughout the tragic civil ordeal, one of the strong characters of Quincy and Illinois. A native of Illinois and a graduate of Illinois College and of advanced courses at Yale, in philosophy and theology, he first en- (^illXCV AND ADAMS COIXTV ^ 221 gaged in editorial work at Jacksonville, and in 1S61 became cliaplain of the famous Tenth Illinois Infantry. Later, he resigned his posi- tion to assist in raising the One Hundred and Fourth Illinois In- fantry. He was elected captain of Company D. of the latter regi- ment, which he commanded at the battles of Elk River, Chickamauga, Lookotit Jlountain. ^Mi.ssion Ridge and Ringgold. In the spring of 1864 he was appointed as a member of the staff of JMaj.-Gen. John M. Palmer, and in that capacity served in the Atlanta campaign. In December of that year he was appointed provost marshal of the Twelfth District of Illinois, and served iu that office until December 31. 1865. I\Ir. Collins was in a peculiarly advantageous position to write of war matters in Western Illinois, and has done so, as especially re- lates to the first year of the war in Quincy — the initial year of her efforts, the ' critical period which fixed her position a.s one of the great strategic points for the conduct of the war in the great valley of the Mississippi. Along these lines Mr. Collins writes: "Quincy, next to Cairo, was the most important military point in the State. Measured by longitudinal lines, it is seventy-five miles further west than St. Louis. Situated thus, on the extreme western edge of Illinois, projecting into the state of Missouri, it was of great strategic importance. "The line of military effort between the loyal and tlie slave states reached from the Potomac River westward across West Virginia and Kentucky to Cairo, thence bent northward to the Iowa line, and thence westward to Nebraska and Kansas. After Cairo was occupied, the next movement was to secure control of Missouri. In a general way the operations of the Union army was a 'left-wheel,' pivoted upon the Army of the Potomac. The extreme right wing began its forward movement from the Iowa line. Quincy was the point at which the national army made her rendezvous, effected their organi- zation, and from which they crossed the river to take possession of the northern part of Missouri, cooperate with the forces sent out from St. Louis and thus take military control of the .state. "Quincy became a center of great military activity. Companies gathered here from various parts of the state to be organized into regiments. Steamers passed down the river loaded with soldiers from Iowa, Wi.seonsin and ^Minnesota. Mechanics in the city were busy making munitions of war, from a leather box for caps to steel cannon. The recruiting drum was heard night and day. Orators made patriotic speeches and pa.stors preached patriotic sermons. Regiments with bands paraded the streets. Women organized to make provision for the sick and wounded in hospital and camp. "Readers of local historv ma.v enjoy a detailed sumniaiy of the events of this period, gathered mainl.v from tiie files of the contem- porary' daily papers. "Immediately after the proclamation of the Pi-esident calling for troops, the adjutant general of the State notified tlie commanders 222 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of the various military organizations that they would be called upon to enter active duty. At this time there were two companies in Quincy, commanded by Captain James D. Morgan, of the 'Guards,' and Captain Schroer, of the 'Rifles.' "A meeting of the citizens of Quincy and vicinity was called at the Court House. All were invited who 'without distinction of party were determined to stand by the flag of their country and sustain their government. ' The Court House was packed to its utmost capac- ity. Addresses were made by Dr. Stahl, Barney Arntzen, I. N. IMorris, 0. H. Browning and Jackson Grimshaw. No epithets were bandied by Democrats against Republicans or by Republicans against Democrats for the first time in Quincy. Parties forgot their parti- .^anship in their patriotism. Recruiting was begun by the 'guards' and within twenty-four hours more than 100 men were enrolled. The Savings Bank tendered a loan of $20,000 to the State. On Sun- day, April 21st, two companies left for Springfield. Captain B. M. Prentiss was in command. Captain Morgan, whose leg had been Jiroken wliile packing ice the previous winter, accompanied the com- mand on crutches. Before their departure they were given an ova- tion. A va.st crowd assembled in Washington Park, and Rev. H. Foote and 0. H. Bi'owning made speeches. A flag was presented to Captain Prentiss. M. B. Denman led in singing 'My Country 'Tis of Thee.' Rev. Mr. Jacques ofifered* prayer and the exercises were closed by singing the 'Doxology.' Ten thousand people accompanied the volimteers to the railroad station. A train decorated with flags was ready for them. The immense crowd sang 'The Star Spangled Ban- ner,' and, cheered by the sympatlietic multitude, they left for Spring- field. At Clayton they were joined by thirty recruits, making a total of 201 men. At Jacksonville a large assembly of people met them at the depot to speed them on their way. The writer heard the speech Prentiss made on this occasion, and remembers that his main point was in refutation of the charge that a 'Yankee can't fight.' His point was that for 'just cause he would fight as well as any man God ever made.' A movement was made to organize a company in each ward of the city. There was much military activity across the river. Green and Porter were indu.striously organizing companies for Confederate service. Union men were being killed; others were driven out of the State. It was quite possible that a raid might be made on the city. ' ' It was the work of a few days to raise six companies, as follows : First ward. Captain Beinieson, 107 men; Second ward. Captain W. R. Johnson, 148 men ; Third ward. Captain J. A. Vandorn, 1.58 men ; Fourth ward. Captain Joshua Wood, 130 men; Fifth ward. Captain U. S. Penfield, 115 men ; Sixth ward, Captain S. M. Bartlett, 108 men. In addition to these Captain William Steinwedell reported a company of 71 men. These companies elected as regimental officers, James E. Dunn, colonel; William R. Lockwood, lieutenant colonel; William (,>ri.\CY AND ADAMS COUNTY 223 Shaimaliaii. major. Tlie •(.^uiiiey Cadets' became eiitlnisiastic, aud gave renewed attention to drill. "Women showed a zealou.s patriotism, and on the 24th of April a call was issued for a meeting to "organize to help the men in the field.' Two societies were organized for this purpose; one was called the Needle Pickets and the other, Good Samaritans. They arranged to meet on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday of each week 'to prepare lint, bandages, articles of comfort and convenience, and in every way add their mite to aid and comfort the brave men of the land.' They industriously solicited flannel, linen and all kinds of material which could be made useful to the soldier. "These noble women deserve an honored place in local history — Mrs. Almira Morton, IMrs. Eliza Bushnell, Mrs. John Moore. Mrs. Rittler. :Miss Nellie Bushnell Parker, ^Irs. Anna ilcFadon, Mrs. Electa Finlay. Sarah Baker. Mrs. Joseph. Mrs. Phil Bert. :\Irs. Gausliell, Mrs. Amanda Penficld, Mrs. Elizabciii Charles, Mrs. "Warren Reed, Mrs. George Burns, Mrs. Jonas, Mrs. Alica Asbury Abbott. Miss ilaertz. ;Miss Lina Church, Miss Kate Cohen, Miss Abbey Fox, Mrs. Pinkham, Kate Palmer, Mary Palmer, Mrs. Johii Williams, ilrs. Lorenzo Bull. :Mrs. C. H. Bull, Mrs. F. Nelke, Mrs. Bautcliman, Mrs. John Seaman, Jlrs. Fred Boyd and ^Mrs. James Woodruff. This is but a partial list of these noble workers. Among those who belonged to the Good Samaritans were: Mrs. John Cox. Mrs. Joseph Gilpin, ;Mrs. I. 0. Woodruff, :\riss Theresa AVoodruff and many others. On the 18th of July then liad a membershiji of 148 — 114 women and 34 men. "On the 24th of April a meeting was held to organize a company of cavalry. Speeches were made by D. P. Allen, Captain Dunn and Colonel W. A. Richardson. Charles W. ^Mead \\as made captain of the company. On the .same date a dispatch wa.s received ordering a six-pounder bra.ss cannon, which was in the city, to be forwarded to Springfield. On the thirtietli Judge Douglas made a speech before the Legislature which greatly encouraged and united the loyal element of the country. Recruiting was greatly stimulated, greetings were held from Lima to Kingston and Beverly, addressed by Dr. Stahl, T. N. ;^^orris. Barney Arntzen and Dr. ^M. AL Bane. "A company was formed known as the I'nion Rifle Company; Charles Petrie was made cajitain. About this time there was some rpiestion as to how far W. A. Richardson supported the administra- tion in its war policy, and Dr. Bane addressed him a letter in the public prints to .secure his views. He replied: 'Every citizen owes it as a solemn duty to obey the law, to support the constitution, repel invasion and defend the flag. A company was formed called the Quincy National Zouaves; Joseph W. Seaman was made captain. A 'Marine Corps" was also organized intended to enforce the recent act of the Legislature forbidding the exportation of arms and munitions of war from the State. It had been discovered that powder, caps 224 ' QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY auci other military supplies were being bought iu Quincy and taken to Missouri. "On the 12th of July Colonel U. S. Grant arrived in Quincy and went into camp at West Quincy. Robert Tillson delivered a lot of accoutrements and Colonel Grant kept the tally of them himself in the absence of the quartermaster. It is worthj' of record that the Needle Pickets sent a pillowcase filled with lint and bandages to the ferry for the use of the regiment. Mrs. C. H. IMorton carried it to the boat and delivered it to Colonel Grant. He thanked the ladies through her and, putting the pillowcase under his arm. walked aboard the boat. Thus in his simple and unceremonious way did the great general of his time enter upon hostile territory. "On July 15th Colonel Turchin arrived with the Nineteenth In- fantry and went into camp on Sunset Hill. General Hurlburt soon arrived to take command of the brigade and made his headquarters at the Quincy House. Colonel Milligan's regiment arrived on the 17th, camping at Sunset Hill. Sickness began in the camps and the chair factory on the corner of Fifth and Ohio was leased as a hospital. Quincy became a rendezvous for companies from the adjoining coun- ties. Camps were established southwest of Woodland Cemetery at the Fair Grounds, at Sunset Hill north of the city and on Alstyne's prairie east of Twelfth street. The companies first arriving were organized as the Sixteenth Regiment of Illinois Infantry. "The regiments of Colonels Good, Scott and Palmer had been ordered to Quinc.v. and the Fourteenth had arrived on the 19th of June. James W. Singleton was offered the colonelcy of a cavalry regiment, but he declined the honor. The various Home Guards engaged in target shooting. Hays and "Woodruff had a large force of men engaged in making knapsacks. Robert Tillson made scabbards and cartridge boxes, and Greenleaf's foundi'y was manufacturing cannon. The Needle Pickets gave a Union supper netting $95, the Fourteenth Regiment baud supplying the music. On the Fourth of July there was a grand parade. The procession was led by the Four- teenth Regiment ; then followed the Quincy Guards, Captain Penfield ; the National Rifles, Captain Steinwedell; Quincy Cadets, Captain Letton ; the Quincj' Mounted Guards, Captain Charles W. Mead. These were followed by variovis civic societies. In the afternoon a military picnic on Alstyne's prairie closed the exercises. "On the 5th of July word came from the to^sTi of Canton, Mis- souri, that Captain Howell, of the Home Guards, had been shot by a secessionist, and that the town was about to be attacked by a Confed- erate force. Six hundred men of tlie Fourteenth Regiment were sent up on the steamer 'Black Hawk,' but their services were not needed, for no attack was made, W, R. Schmidt, without any 'posters or newspaper appeals and speeches' raised a company and left for Camp Butler, where he .joined the Twenty-Seventh Infantry. "Special efforts were made to raise an Adams Coixnty regiihent. On the 16th of July Dr. M. :\I. Bane published this notice: 'The QUINCY AM) ADAMS COUNTY 22o Adams County regiment will l)e accepted under the first call for troops. Commanders will till up their ranks and be prepared to enter service immediately.' This regiment (the Fiftieth) was mustered into the United States service .Sc])toiul)er 12, 1861. M. M. Bane was made colonel; William Swarthout. lieutenant colonel; George W. Randall, major. William Ilanna was captain of Company E. Their first service was along the line of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad. This regiment had a brilliant and conspicuous career. On the 26th of July, Edward Prince published a call, proposing to raise a cavalry company. He was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Seventh Hlinois Cavalry, and made drill master of cavalry at Camp Butler. The three months' volunteers returned from Cairo on the 5th of August. They were met at the wluirf by Captains Pcnticld and Rose with their infantry commands, by Captain Delano with his dragoons and one com]iany of the Fourteenth Infantry. Capt. T. W. Macfall left for Camp Butler with his mounted i-avali'y company on the 16th of Aug- ust. About this time the Needle Pickets gave a reception to General Prentiss and Colonel Morgan. They also nmde 107 needle books for Captain Sheley's company. This company, after its three months' service, enlisted for three years, and was Company C of the Tenth Infantry. "The troops which had crossed the river here had now taken pos- session of North Missouri. Bushwhackers and guerilla bands wan- dered about the country, but aside fi-om some skirmishes with these the Union soldiers held the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad entirelj' aeros.s the state and, with it. its military control. The extreme west wing of the Confederate Army was driven southward l)eyond the Missouri River. During the summer and autumn of this year several events of interest occurred. An effort, led by Jacob Kolker, was made to raise an artillery company. Captain Powers and Dr. S. G. Black were authorized to raise cavalry companies. Tiie Tentli Cavalry ar- rived in Quincy and paraded -the street 800 strong. Many steam- boats, some with barges attached loaded with troops, passed down the river. Colonel Williams' Sharpshooters left camp for the front. The Fo.x River Regiment pa.ssed through (Juincy for St. Louis. "Gen. Phillip St. George Cooke, of the regidar army, pa.s.sed through Quincy with his command 600 strong, with 300 horses and six cannon. They came from Utah. Colonel Glover, with his com- mand, cros.sed into Missouri. In a few days he was at Paris, Monroe County, and levied a sum of $2,500 upon the citizens to repair the railroad which had been damaged by the Confederates. On the 11th of Xovember, Lieutenant Shipley of Company A, Twenty-Seventh In- fantry, killed in the battle of Belmont, was buried in Woodland Cemetery with military honors. On the 8th of December the C. B. & Q. Railroad Company presented a cannon to the local artillery com- pany. About this date the bridges across the Nortii and Fabius Rivers, southwest of Quincy, were burned by Confederates. 226 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY "Col. W. A. Richardson was tendered command of a Kentucky brigade, to be organized at Camp Du Bois near Jonesboro, Illinois. Captain Delano's company of dragoons left for Camp Butler, and by the 9th of September were in camp at Bird's Point on the river opposite Cairo. At the close of the year most of the regiments which had been organized at Quincy, and were in part composed of men from Adams County, had been sent southward and been assigned to various brigades and divisions. The Tenth, Sixteenth and Twenty- Seventh were at the front. The Fiftieth left Quincy Januai-y 26, 1862. Most of the Adams County soldiers were with Pope's command, and participated in the campaign which resulted in the capture of New Madrid and about 5,000 men near Tiptonville. The Fiftieth was with Grant at Fort Donelson. Subsequently they were all engaged in the movement under General Halleck upon Corinth, Mississippi. "During the spring and early summer months Quincy began to see the results of active campaigns in sickness, wounds and deaths. There were two hospitals established and numbers of sick and wounded soldiers were brought from the camps and battlefields. Rev. Hor- atio Foote and Rev. S. H. Emery were appointed chaplains. Dr. D. G. Brinton had charge of a hospital. Dr. I. T. Wilson served as surgeon. Other local physicians were assigned to hospital duty." As will be noted by the foregoing brief account of the war ac- tivities centering at Quincy, substantially during the first year of hostilities, the regiments to which Adams County supplied substanial quotas were sent to the front in the following order : Sixteenth, Tenth, Twenty-Seventh and Fiftieth. The War as Centered at Quincy (1862-65) Before tracing generally the histories of the organizations which may be specially accredited to Adams County, it seems desirable to present a picture of the activities of the war as centered at Quincy, in 1862-65. In July of the second year of the war, the President called for more troops and Adams County, with the North as a whole, realized that the South was not only desperately in earnest but a power to be reckoned with to the extent of all its resources of men and materials. After several vain attempts had been made to raise an entire regiment in Adams County, five companies and part of another were reeniited and joined the Seventy-Eighth Infantry, of which W. H. Benneson was made colonel and C. Van Vleck, lieutenant- colonel. Adams County furnished two companies for the Eighty-Fourth Infantry, of which Louis H. Waters was commissioned colonel, Thomas Hamer, lieutenant-colonel, and Charles H. Morton, of Quincy, major. Three companies, recruited in Quincy, joined the One Hundred and Eigheenth Infantry, of which John J. Fonda was colonel and Robert M. McClaughry, major. In September the One Hundred and Nine- teenth Infantry was organized, with Thomas J. Kinney as colonel; C^llNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 227 three eonipanies beiug i-aised in the county. Three more companies were also rcernited for the Seventy-Third Infantry, of which Rev. Mr. Ja(|ues, president of Quincy College, wa.s colonel. The autumn of 1862 was a blue, if not black season for those who stood for the vigorous prosecution of the war, and the legislative representatives for Adams County all voted for an armistice with the South. But the draft was finally sustained by the people. James Woodruff was then provost marshal of the district, his successors being Capt. Henry Asbury and W. II. Fisk. After Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg, the North saw her star in the ascendant. In January, 1864, the Tenth, Sixteenth and Fiftieth regiments, having largely re-enlisted, came home on veteran furlough, and were received with open arms and purses. Their short ."^tay did much to reinforce the determination and raise the spirits of those at home. In the spring of 1864, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, believing that the rebellion was very near its close, tendered President Lincoln a force of 85,000 one hundred-day men, to relieve the veterans of guard duty at the forts and arsenals and along the railroad lines of threatened territory. In line with that accepted offer, the One Hundred and Thirty-Seventh Illinois Infantry was mustered in at Camp Wood, in June, 1864, with ex-Governor John Wood as its colonel. The people of Quincy presented their honored citizen with a fine horse and outfit as a mark of their affection. Colonel Wood was then in his sixty -sixth year. The regiment left Quincy for Memphis June 9th, was assigned to railroad picket duty, suffered some losses in fighting off an attack of Forrest's cavalry and was mustered out of the service in September. Also in June. 1864. the One Hundred and Thirty-Eighth Regiment of one hundred-day men left Quincy for Fort Leavenworth, and the Twenty-Ninth Colored Regiment (two companies of which were from Adams County") departed for Mas,saohusctts. The command of col- ored troops gave a fine account of themselves before Petersburg. In February, 1865. the One Hundred and Forty-Eighth Regiment was organized. Company D was made up of Quincy men, with Henry A. Dix as captain, and they bound tliemselvcs for a year of military service, but were discharged in September. The news of the fall of Richmond reached Quincy on April 4th, and the city shared in the country-wide rejoicing over what was known to lie the close forerunner of the collapse of the Rebellion. The surrender of General Lee stopped the draft, and on April 21st the One Hundred and Forty-Sixth Regiment was .sent to Springfield to be mustered out. The barracks which had sheltered so many thousand soldiers were disTnantled and the lumber sold. The local press expressed the hope that "now that the soldiers have vacated Franklin Square, %ve trust that our authorities will turn their attention to its embellish- ment." From that time Quincy ceased to be a military camp. 228 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY As rapidly as they were mustered out of the service the volunteers returned to their homes by the shortest route. About fifty of the Tenth Infantry returned to Quiney with Colonel Tillson. The Fif- tieth reached the city on July 22d. It has been called the "pet of Adams County." Local Military Leaders A summary of the careers of men who went from Adams County and attained military prominence commences with Captain Morgan, who reached the rank of major-general, commanding the Second Di- vision, Fourteenth Army Corps, at the end of the war ; Captain Pren- tiss, the hero of Shiloh, where he commanded the Hornet's Nest Di- vision, also a major-general; Col. M. M. Bane, of the Fiftieth, who lost an arm at Shiloh, and commanded a brigade during a large period of the Civil war and afterward was honored with various fed- eral offices ; Colonel Tillson, who, after he had won his star as brevet brigadier in the fierce warfare of the Rebellion, continued to serve for some time with the regular armj- before he returned to civil pur- suits and its honors; W. A. Schmidt, who was breveted brigadier- general, who went from Quiney as captain of Company A, Twenty- Seventh Regiment, was commissioned major the following year and left the service as brevet brigadier general ; Cols. William Hanna, William Swartout and Edward Prince (the latter of the Seventh Illinois Cavalry), and Lieutenant-Colonels Morton, Cahill, and others. The Sixteenth Infantry The Sixteenth Infantry Illinois Volunteers was organized and mustered into the United States service at Quiney under the Tenth Regimental Act on the 24th of May, 1861. In the following month it was mustered in by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, with Robert F. Smith as colonel and Samuel Wilson as lieutenant colonel, and thus "got on the move" even before the enterprising Tenth. It was at once moved to Grand Rivers, Kentucky, as railroad guard and in July, after it had been scattered along the line, was attacked by the enemy, suffer- ing a minor loss, but getting the advantage of knowing what it was to be under fire. Its first important engagement was at New Madrid, Missouri, where it was brigaded with the Tenth, with which it followed the retreating enemy to Tiptonville, Tennessee, and captured quite a force of Confederates with artillery, small arms and ammunition. It also participated in the siege of Corinth, engaged in other cam- paigns in the southwest, and before being mustered out in July, 1865, had the satisfaction of decisively defeating the noted cavalry leader. General Morgan. The Sixteenth arrived at Camp Butler on the 10th of that month for final payment and discharge. griNCV A.\U ADAMS LOL.NTV 229 The Twenty-Seventh Tnfantry Thc Twenty-Seventh Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Butli-r with only seven eonipanies in August, 1861, and ordered to Jacksonville as part of Gen. John A. ileClernand's brigade. The remaining eonipanies joined the regiment at Cairo in September. In November it participated in tlie l)attle of Belmont and suffered heavy losses. Subsequently it took part in the sieges of Island No. 10 and Corinth ; was a sturdy assistant in the defense of Nashville, and, with other Illinois regiments, proved its soldierly mettle at such fiery tests as were given it through Chiekamauga, Jlission Ridge, Pine Top Mountain, Reseca, Kcnesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Its first commanding officer was Col. N. II. Buford, who, at his promo- tion to be brigadier-general in April, 1S62, wa.s succeeded by P. A. Harrington, former lieutenant-colonel. As the future was to prove, however, Capt. William A. Sehmitt of Company A, who was ad- vanced through all the successive grades to that of brevet brigadier- general, earned the greatest military prominence of anyone identified with the Twenty-Seventh. The Fiftieth and Col. M. M. B.\ne This popular and fine regiment was organized at Quiney in Aug- ust, 1861, by Col. M. M. Bane, and mustered into the United States .service in the following month. It moved around considerably, in Missouri principally, and did not see action until February of the following year, when it participated in the engagements before Forts Henry and Donelson. At Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing, in ^March, the regiment was in the thick of the fight and Colonel Bane lost his good right arm. The siege of Corinth, in May, and the subsequent campaigns in Tennessee and Alabama, gave the regiment both action and arduous campaigning calculated to make hardened veterans of them all. In November, 1863, the regiment was mounted by order of Major-Gonoral Dodge, and in January. 1864, fully three-fourths of the men of the regiment reenlistcd as veterans of the three years' .service. They spent their month's furlough at Quiney, Colonel Bane with them. After recovering from liis wounds at Shiloh, Colonel Bane, who was then commanding the Third Brigade, had rejoined his command at Corinth and the siege of Vicksliurg, but after again taking the field subsequent to the Quiney furlough he resigned the coinnuuul of the brigade to accept other service as Government agent in care of confis- cated property in Georgia. Brig.-Gen. William Vandever took com- mand of the Third Brigade. In the following October, with Lieutenant-Colonel Hanna in com- mand of the Fiftieti). was fought the batlle at Altoona in which the connnandcr and Surgeon A. G. Pickett were badly wounded, and the regiment suffered casualties of eighty-seven. The regiment continued 230 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY with Sherman's army to the Sea, Colouel Hanua commanding the brigade, and thence through the Carolinas to the participation in the Grand Review at Washington. Ordered to Louisville to be mustered out, the Fiftieth Regiment won the prize banner in a competitive drill with the Sixty-Third Illinois and the Seventh Iowa. When the w-ar broke out Colonel Bane was known as Doctor Bane, engaged in a substantial practice of medicine and surgery at Payson, Illinois. A native of Ohio and developing amid most humble circum- stances, he iiad wrested an education from the district schools and graduated from the Sterling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, be- fore he located at Payson (in 1844). After practicing for sixteen years and also making progress in state politics. Doctor Bane had just served a term in the Legislature when he was called from his quiet professional life to the turmoils and hazards of war. In May, 1865, he resigned his position of assistant special agent of the Treasury, in charge of abandoned property in Georgia, spent the following winter at Harvard Law College, in 1866-69, served as United States internal revenue assessor for the Fourth District of Illinois, and was for a time afterward connected with the same department in the secret service. Colonel Bane was a gifted, shrewd and gallant man, and during the later years of his life was esteemed as a strong re- publican leader and was ever a good citizen and a fine man. The Eighty-Fourth Infantry The Eighty-fourth Infantry was organized at Quiney in August, 1862, by Col. Louis H. Waters and in the following month mustered into the United States service with 951 men and officers. It was as- signed to the Tenth Brigade, Fourth Division, and marched with the forces which were in pursuit of Bragg. The Eighty-fourth was an active regiment, and suffered heavy losses at Stone River and Chick- amauga. It fought at Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ring- gold and Dalton ; at Reseea, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville, and was mustered out at the last named place in June, 1865. The One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry Companies D, P and K of that regiment were organized in Adams County. In September, 1862, the regiment rendezvoused at Camp Butler, was at once assigned to the guarding of prisoners of war there, was mustered into the service during November, and in the following month arrived at IMemphis and embarked with Sherman's army for Yicksburg, Mississippi. It participated in the "siege" and in June, 1863, by order of General Grant was mounted. In August it was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, and took part in numerous engagements in the southwest, particularly in Louisiana. Its activi- ties were wound up at Baton Rouge, where it was mustered out in QUINCY AND ADAMS COUXTV 231 October, 1865. The One Iluiulied and Eighteenth was commanded by Col. John J. Fonda. Rcilicrt .M. .McClaughry was major of the regiment. The One IlrxDREn .vnd Xineteentii Inf.\ntry The regiment named was also organized at Quincy by Col. Thomas J. Kinney, its commander. It was mustered into the service of the United States in September, 1862, and by December was engaged in the Tennessee caiui)aigns. In an engagement at Rutherford's Station, companies G and K were captured. It jiarticipated in the siege of Vii-ksburg; was in most of the engagements of the Red River ex- pedition; was at the battle of Nasliville and the assault on Spanish Fort ; moved to Montgomery and Mobile, and in August, 1865, was mustered out. The regiment was finally discharged at Camp Butler, Quincy, in September, 1865. The Needle Pickets Repeated references have been made to the practical works of relief and jiatriotism accomplished by the Xeedle Pickets and the Sisters of the Good Samaritan. They were primarily bodies of women, although as the work progressed a number of men were ad- mitted into the ranks. The Pickets, in accord with their name, first adopted military titles for their officers. They effected an organiza- tion on the last day of May, 1861, and on the 5th of June adopted a constitution and elected the following officers: Mrs. Fox, captain; Mrs. Kusluiell, first lieutenant; Mrs. Charles, .second lieutenant; Miss A. Asbury, pajnnaster; Jlrs. Morton, orderly sergeant. The fore- going officers were elected for three months. It may be that the ladies decided tliat this bestowal of military titles upon those whose duties were so purely in the field of home work and womanly affairs savored of the i)resumptuous: at all events, when they elected the second set, at the end of the three months, the record shows that a return had been made to the old official style. Mrs. Fox was chosen as president ; Mrs. Bushnell and Miss Burns, vice presidents; ilrs. ^Morton, record- ing and correspondijig secretary ; Jliss Annie Jones, treasurer. The chief work performed by the Needles consisted in relieving the destitute families of soldiers at home, and doing everything possible for the inmates of hospitals. At first the labors of the society were confined to soldiers in the field and their families at home, but, on account of the profound disturbance to business and consequent wide- spread suffering, it soon became manifest that the poor of the city must be relieved irrespective of their direct connection with the throes of war. Food and wearing apparel were therefore distributed to worthy applicants generally, and hospital stores were sent to such outside points as Cairo, St. Louis, Ironton, Pilot Knob, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Mdund Cifv, Padncah, Corinth and Savannah. The 232 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY hospitals at Quincy, including the one established for the colored soldiers, received special attention. At one time the hall where the society held its meetings was transformed into a hospital for the reception of forty sick and wounded soldiers who could not be accom- modated in the local institutions, and at the urgent request of the Needle Pickets the City Council transformed the old Municipal Poor House into a pleasant retreat for invalid soldiers. As the war progressed, the society also sent a number of nurses to Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg and other battlefields. One of the features of their work which was deeply appreciated by the soldiers was the furnishing of reading matter to those in hospital. The efforts of the society during 1864-65 were mainly directed to the care of the five hospitals located at Quincy. The cash receipts of the Needle Pickets from IMay, 1861, to May, 1865, mounted to $28,714.85; expenditures, $22,805.19. Its organiza- tion was maintained for many years afterward, although its activities were somewhat dormant after the close of the war. It took a deep interest in the Blessing Hospital, which w-as originally established in 1865 by the Charitable Aid and Hospital Association. When re- organized in 1873, under its present name, the Pickets furnished and endowed a memorial room. Sisters of the Good S.\maritani The Sisters of the Good Samaritan, the objects and work of which were along similar lines with those of the Needle Pickets, organized themselves July 12, 1861. On that date they adopted a constitution and elected the following ofificei's : Mrs. I. 0. Woodruff, president ; Mrs. Gilpin and Mrs. C. H. Bull, vice presidents; Miss E. O'Bannon, recording secretary ; Miss Christiana Tillson, corresponding secretary ; Miss Kate Palmer, treasurer. About a quarter of its membership was composed of men. The individual military organizations that re- ceived the benefits of the Sisters (and Brothers) work were Captain Delano's Dragoons, the Fiftieth Regiment, Colonel Glover's Regiment, Captain Schmitt's Company, Colonel Grant's Regiment, Yates Sharp Shooters and Colonel Morgan's Regiment. At the conclusion of their manifold, consecrated and successful labors the Sisters of the Good Samaritan had a balance in the treasury of several thousand dollars which, as will hereafter be told, was devoted to the erection of a soldiers' monument at Woodland Cemetery. The First Soldiers' Monument In the western part of the beautiful Woodland Cemetery, once a portion of the great Wood estate, in the southwestern portion of Quincy, is the first monument erected to the soldiers of the Civil war who were drawn from Adams County. And the women did it. At the close of the war, several thousand dollars remained in the (jriNCY AND AUAMS COUNTY 233 treasury of the Sisters of the Good Samaritan Society. After using a portion of this fund for the relief of needy families of the soldiei-s, the society uiiaiiiniously resolveil to make an elTort to honor the dead to the extent of its means and efforts. To this end it was voted to expend the lialance of the society's funds in the erection of a soldiers' monument on the bluffs bordering Woodland Temetery. C. G. Yolk, the Quiney sculptor of national i-eputation, furnished the design which was accepted, and which he executed in the actual erection of the striking memorial of white Yermont marble rising on the Missis- sippi banks from one of those mysterious mounds laid there by some prehi.storic builder. The modern base of the monument is of drab Joliet stone, and surmounting the marble shaft is the finely wrought figure of an American eagle, with wings partially spi'cad, poised for a flight either to the east or south. The soldiers' monument at AYoodland was consecrated in 1867 "by the Sisters of the (iood Samaritan, in duty, affection and rever- ence, to the memory of the faithful soldiers of Adams County who gave their lives that the nation, might live." A grand parade of civilians and military took place, directed by Gen. John Tillson, as marshal of the day. Appropriate addresses were made by Gen. B. M. Prentiss, Gen. John Tillson and Col. M. M. Bane. The United States National ^Military Cemetery of Quiney was established in 1868, and four cannon were placed in position in 1874. Nearly 250 interments were made. The National Cemetery formerly occupied the northwest portion of Woodlaiul Cemetery, but about 1900 the Government moved it to Graeeland. Quite a number of soldiers still occupy private lots at Woodland. Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home The noblest aftermath of the Civil war. viewed from the institu- tional standpoint, is the splendid home foi- the soldiers and sailors of Illinois, who are disabled either from old wounds, age or disea.se, for the activities of the business and professional world. Twenty years after the close of the War of the Rebellion that class had so increa.sed in the state that the people decided the time had come to provide for them as honored wards of the commonwealth. On the 26th of June. 1885, the State Legislature passed an act for the estab- lishment of the Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, and appointed the following as locating commissioners: William W. Berry, Adams County: F. E. Bryant, Bement; Monroe C. Crawford. Joncsboro; H. M. Hall. Olney: Henry T. Noble, Dixon : M. R. M. Wallace, Cook County ; Fred O. White, Aurora. A number of cities in different parts of the state offered sites, and on December 2, 1885. the locating com- missioners selected a tract of land in Riverside Township. Adams County. ,iust north of the Quiney city limits. The original selection comprised 140 acres and since that time the management has added various purchases amounting to eight.v-two acres. The first board of ViEwg OF THE Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Near Quinct (^ri.\( V AND ADAMS COUXTV 235 trustees appointed by Goveruor Oglesby al'ter the grounds were lo- cated, Deeeiuber 11, 1885, were: Daniel Dustin, of Sycamore; T. L. Diekasun, Danville, and J. G. Rowland, Quincy. A few days afterward General Dustin was chosen president. The cottage system was adopted as the i)lan of construction, contracts for tiie various buildings were made in ilay, 1887, and the Home, as au institution, was opened for the reception of men March 3, 1887. By June, about forty had been received. Although the increase of the Comrades cared for at the Home was virtually steady for twenty years, it reached high-water mark in 1911, when there were 919 in- mates. The wives of inmates have been received since August 17, 1908. The total number of men admitted to the Home up to April. 1918, was 14,416 and of women, 1,050. Interred in the Home Ceme- tery are 2,551 men and 66 women. The general plan of the main buildings covers about twenty acres, the group emliracing the administration building, a castellated mas- sive four story building of Quincy limestone, erected at a cost of .^50,- 000; the tliree story hospital, with a frontage of 262 feet and accom- modations for about 4.']0 patients; the anne.x, to accommodate 95 pa- tients; and the Lippincott Jlemorial Hall, northwest of the headquar- ters Iniilding. The last named, which was dedicated in December, 1900, is in some respects the most notable of the buildings composing the Home plant. Lippincott Hall is the center of the social and religious life of the Home; where i-eligious exerci.ses are held and entertainments given for the benefit of Home members. The l)uilding was erected and equipped in memory of Gen. Charles E. Lippincott, the first superintendent, and his wife, Emily Chandler Lippincott. It is located on what is* known as the Parade ground and is built of brick. Grouped around the main buildings are seventeen cottages, ac- commodating from forty to one hundred men. Each is a complete unit in itself with sleeping rooms opening upon outside verandas, sitting and dining rooms, and all the other accommodations of a household. All the food for the cottagers, hospital patients and ad ministrative force is prepared in the general kitchen of headquarters l)uilding, and distributed to tho.se outside in sealed metal carts. All the piping for heat, light and sewage disposal is carried in a tunnel half a mile long, with lateral connections to the various buildings comprising the central group. There are numerous minor buildings such as machine, blacksmith and tin shops, laundries, dairy houses, barns, green houses, ])aint shops, engine houses and coal hou.ses. The main boiler house is 60 by 100 feet, and contains a battery of nine boilers, which furnish steam for cooking, power and heat for all of the biiildings excejit the hospital and its annex. Roth the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and the local electric line have ta.stefully constructed station buildings at opposite entrances to the Home grounds. The dairy and piggery buildings are located north of the camp 236 yUlXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY proper, and comprise a large cow barn and sheds to accommodate about 100 head of cattle, together with buildings for grain and hay storage and for the care of the swine, which average 150. The Home farm also supplies vegetables in season and for storage and canning purposes. The dairy, the live stock and the farm are the sources of much healthful exercise for not a few of the inmates, of a fresh and sanitary food supply and considerable financial support to the Home as a whole. The largest item of revenue, of course, upon which the Home depends for its maintenance, is the fund provided by Congress and drawn from the National Treasury consisting of $100 per in- mate per annum. The average operating expenses of the Home per annum for the past decade have been about $250,000. The Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home has been remarkably fortunate in its choice of superintendents, and they have, as a rule, held office for a number of years. Charles E. Lippineott, the first in- cumbent assumed the position in December, 1886, about three months before the Home was opened for the reception of comrades. He died in office, September 11, 1887, Lippineott Hall being especially dedi- cated to his memory. J. G. Rowland served pro tem. for a short time in the early fall of that year and regularly, by appointment of the board of trustees, from October, 1887, to April, 1893. He was succeeded by B. P. McDaniel in 1894-95, by W. H. Kirkwood in 1895-97, William Somerville, 1897-1911; J. 0. Anderson, 1911-13; John E. Andrew since May 20, 1913. QUINCY IN THE Sp.\NISH-AmERIC.\N WaR Three organizations were sent forth from Quiney for service in the Spanish- American war; two of them actually reached hostile ter- ritory and the third, although eager to be there, wa.s denied that privilege by the turn of national events. Under orders from the adjutant general's department of the state. Company F, of the Illinois Militia, under Capt. H. D. Blasland, left Quinc.y for Springfield April 27, 1898, to report to the regimental commander for immediate war service. It was escorted by the Naval Reserves, who had organized the year before, Company F, the post- office employees, Gordon's band and thousands of citizens. The boys boarded the train to the band tune of "Marching Through Georgia," and on the 5th of May they were mustered into the United States service at the State Fair Grounds, Springfield, under the following officers: H. D. Blasland, captain; H. D. Whipple, first lieutenant; J. McClellan, second lieutenant. F. B. Nichols, who had some ex- perience in the English army both in South Africa and India, was chosen major of the battalion, and Alfred Castle, adjutant, with rank of lieutenant. Eugene Harding was elected captain of Company E, from Hillsboro, Illinois. Company F. of Quiney, left Springfield for Chattanooga. Ten- nessee, on the 13th of May, and there they went into hard and per- QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 2:^7 sistent traiuiiig for the hoped-for, the longed-for service, either iu Cuba or Porto Rico. Whenever one of the boys thought lie had a "pull" at Washington in either house of Congress, he sent an earnest appeal to have F moved into the war area. The eouuuaud did get as far as Newport News, via Ringgold, Georgia, and, like other companies, got no farther; the company did board a transport, but was ordered to disembark, as the Spanish fleet at Santiago had melted into wreckage and the end of the war was plainly in sight. Then back to Lexington, Kentucky, and Springfield, Illinois, where Compan\- F was disbanded. The Quiucy Naval Reserves, organized May 21, 1897, had better fortune. Nearly 100 fine young men of the city joined the organiza- tion and were sworn into the state service for three years by Com. D. C. Daggett, of Moline. Col. O. S. Hickman, who had served in the United States Navy during the Civil war, and also as lieutenant- colonel in the State Guards, was elected lieutenant commanding the division, with Roy A. Morehead as junior lieutenant and Earl H. Toole and George Ilorton as ensigns. In Augu.st the division went into camp near Chicago, the boat drills, seamanship and gun prac- tice being conducted from the United States Ship Michigan, which was anchored in the lake. In the following fall Lieutenant Hickman was promoted to the captain's staff and Ensigns Toole and Horton resigned. At an elec- tion held December 20, 1897, Lieutenant Morehead was placed in com- mand : W. A. Simmons, junior lieutenant ; Marion A. Krieder and Hugh E. King, ensigns. The.se officers were in charge of the Quincy Naval Reserves at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war. After a season of faithful discipline, they were notified by the Government that thej' could not be received as an organization ; but fifty-eight of the men enlisted in the regular naval service of the United States, most of them being assigned to the cruisers Newark and Cincinnati. During the period of the war, the ships named were mostly cruis- ing in West Indian waters and participated in several bombardments of enemy ports. In the meantime three of the old officers of the Reserves had received commis-sions in the regular navy — ^Messrs. Morehead, Krieder and King. They were all apjiointed ensigns, Roy A. ilorehead serving fir.st on the receiving ship Franklin and afterward on the gunboat Castine; M. A. Krieder on the Lancaster and Hugh E. King on the Caesar. Ensigns Morehead and Krieder did not leave United States waters, but the Caesar was ordered to the West Indies and continued there for about six months. It was at San Juan, Porto Rico, on October 18. 1898, when the United States took formal possession of the island. The Spanish flags were ordered down, and to Ensign King, as a representative of the navy, was accorded the honor of raising the first American flag on the Intendentia Palace, while an- other former Quincyite, Lieut. Charles W. Castle, nephew of the prominent manufacturer and Civil war veteran. Col. C. 11. Castle, offi- 238 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY elated at the Governor's Palace. Other army officers were doing like duty at the City Hall and Moro and San Chrlstobal Colon castles. QuiNCY Naval Reserves After the War At the close of the war the officers and men representing the Quiucy Naval Reserves were honorably discharged, and sent home with the thanks of the Government and two months extra pay to their credit. Early in the summer of 1899 they were reorganized as a body, with Lieut. Hugh E. King in command ; M. A. Krieder, junior lieutenant ; Samson C. Strauss and William Burton, ensigns. Soon thereafter the division was taken to Waukegan for a week's camp and training on board the U. S. Steamship Michigan. In 1902 a crew of the Illinois Naval Reserves, comprising seventy- five men and ten officers under the command of Lieut. B. T. Collins of Chicago, brought the U. S. Ship Dorothea from the League Island Navy Yard, Philadelphia, to Chicago, via the St. Lawrence and the lakes, and anchored it at that port as the official training ship for the state to be used on Lake Michigan. It had been donated for that purpose by the United States Government. Lieutenant King and several of the men of the Quincy division participated in the transfer. In 1902 Lieutenant King was promoted to the rank of navigating officer of the battalion and John F. Garner elected lieutenant; S. C. Strauss, junior lieutenant, and William Thesen and William C. Powers, ensigns. During the summer of 1904 Lieutenant Garner took a pai-t of the division to the World's Fair at St. Louis, transporting them in the thirty-foot cutter. Later, the entire Illinois Naval Re- serve spent a week there. In the winter of 1905 Ensign Powers was transferred to Chicago and Chester Anderson elected to fill the vacane.y. In 1904 Lieut. J. F. Garner resigned, expecting to locate in the West, and Lieut. Hugh E. King was again elected to command the division. In 1908 Lieutenant King was placed on the retired list at his own request, and Lieutenant Garner, who had just finished a term as mayor of Quincy, was again chosen to head the division. In 1911 he, too, was put on the retired list and Lieut. William A. John- son assumed command. His efficient work and untiring efforts have done much to raise the Quincy division to the front rank. Lieutenant Johnson enlisted in the division during 1901 under Lieutenant King, and his absolute faithfulness and hard study have fairly earned him the advancement which the Navy Department has accorded him. After he had proven his ability as a division officer, he was honored with the command of one of the largest transports in the service, the U. S. Battleship Kansas. Others who served as officers during this period were : P. B Weaver, H. C. Abbott, J. Erie Caldwell, Lester G. Bock, U. P. Edwards and J. M. Ross. QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 239 The Quiuey Division made the summer cruises on the U. S. S. Dorothea from 1902-09, when the Government assigned the Nashville to Illinois. In 1912 tiiey had the Dubutiue and in 1914 the Isle de Luzon. The division also had assigned to them for special use one of the older torpedo boats, the U. S. S. Sommers, which they used on the river for two years, taking Saturday afternoon and Sunday cruises. Promi'ti.y Answer Last Call to the Colors On Saturday, April 7, liUT, (me day after war was declared against the Liiperial Government of Germany, the Tenth Division answered the call to the colors for "somewhere on the coast." Most of the men were originally assigned to the U. S. S. Kansas, but are now distributed on throughout the navy ; Lieut. Waldriep C. Edwards on the U. S. S. Bainbridge; Ensign Ross on the U. S. S. Baltimore; Ensign Lester G. Bock on the IJ. S. S. Indiana. Dr. Warren Pearce, who had aeted as surgeon, was assigned to duty in the navy, and is now serving with the patrol fleet "over there'' as a lieutenant. Prac- tically all these men have seen .service in foreign waters. The following were left with the Quincy Division at the outbreak of the World's war: Lieut. William A. Johnson, in command; Lieut. W. P. Edwards ; Ensign James ^I. Ross ; Quartermasters Theodore McPheeters. Francis B. King, George Christ and Harry F. (Tapp) Tappe; Ma.ster-at-arms J. F. Ka.sey; Boatswain ilate William Pelk; Seamen William E. Stanhury, F. S. Rohison. William A. Lock, Paul Albertson, George Barden, R. R. Burns, F. P. Bernard, A. B. Bowen, Arthur II. Bartlett, Norton L. Davis, Loyd Davidson, Lawrence Doht, Edward EUermeier, William Fischer, Arthur B. Floria, Robert W. Geyer, V. E. Goodwin, V. E. Iletzler, A. J. Ilellhake, H. J. Johnson, Walter Kettorer. W. W. Knipple, R. C. Laws, (ieorge L. Love, Clarence Loehr, Frank Lindsey, Conrad IMcPhecters. II. G. ileyer, Henry F. i'iiikflnian. William F. Rueth, Robert B. Renter, George K. Stan- bury, Clay Straub, K. J. Stroup. A. W. Tlicsen, Emery N. Thompson, Henry \'oots, Lawrence D. White, A. Waltering, Herbert Westman, D. J. Grub. Edward Waltering, Ray York, H. Guth, H. Rotger, W. Ka.sperwick. R. J. Keller, and W. Gilman. On Board Torpedoed Snii" R. J. Keller and J. F. Kasey were on the merchant ship Atlantic Sun as a part of the naval gun crew, which was torpedoed off the Irish Coast, March 7, 1918. The ship was lost, but all hands were landed in Scotland except the first officer, who was retained as a 7)risoner of war liy the German submarine to secure a bonus on their return to the German base. 240 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Company I, Eighth Illinois Volunteers Company I (colored), Eighth Regiment Infantry, Illinois Volun- teers, faithfully performed provost duty in Cuba for several mouths of the war. It was organized at Quincy in June, 1898, and mustered into the national service at Springfield, under command of Capt. I'rederick Ball, Jr., in the following month. The regimental com- mander was Col. John R. Marshall, and the Eighth had the distinc- tion of being the only regiment in the service which was commanded by colored officers. It embarked from New York for Cuba, on the U. S. S. Yale, August 11, 1898, and five days later arrived at Santiago. Thence the regiment proceeded by rail to San Luis de Cuba, where it performed provost duty until March 10th, when it was ordered back to Santiago. In March, 1899, it was in Newport News, and was mus- tered out of the service April 3d following. No deaths; no special glory ; just good, sturdy soldiers — which is record enough for any American. Active Milit.\ry Bodies Besides the Quincy Naval Reserves, there are a number of mili- tary organizations the activities of which center at Quincy. Some of them come down from the Civil war ; others are pi-oducts of the awful conflict now raging in Europe, Asia and the high seas of the old world. They include companies E and F, Tenth Regiment Illinois National Guard, the Machine Gun Company, the Home Guards and the Chaddock Cadets. The local military headquarters is the Regimen- tal Armory, a substantial building on Jersey Street. Company E was organized in May, 1917, with Albert E. ZoUer as captain ; J. Erie Caldwell, first lieutenant ; Horace M. Jellison, .second lieutenant. It was called over to camp in June and spent three months at Springfield in training. Lieutenants Caldwell and Jellison resigned and Walter Brown and Claire Irwin succeeded them. After returning from camp in September, Captain ZoUer resigned and later Walter Brown was advanced to the head of the company, with Claire Irwin as first lieutenant and Ralph Lusk as second lieutenant. The M.vchine Gun Company Muster roll of Machine Gun Company, Fifth Illinois Infantry, of the Army of the United States, from the 1st day of July, 1917, to the 31st day of August, 1917; drafted into Federal service, on the 5th of the latter month. The original officers were: Captain. James P. Beatty ; first lieutenant, Joseph A. S. Ehart ; second lieutenants, George F. Cunnane and Bennett W. Bartlett : first sergeant, Law- rence D. Smith ; mess sergeant, Carl J. Grimmer ; supply sergeant, John H. Pott, Jr. ; horseshoer, Robert J. Hartle.v ; sergeants, AVilliam H. Henning, Chester I. White, Roy H. L. Keller, Robert T. Strick QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 241 Jaiul autl Otto A. Wurl; corporals. Edward C. Castle, Uw^h F. Dehner, Charles L. Edwards, Samuel E. Israel, Eugene Ralph and Clyde W. Winner; ineohaniis, Howard Ogle and George II. Ost ; cooks, Alex Carr and Richard J. Dunham; bugler, Ernest Nelson; first class privates, Ralph T. Muteherle, Harold Leffingwell, Donald L. -Mane.s. George JI. Persons and Harry W. Phillips; privates, William F. Adolfs. Warren E. Baker, Arthur II. Belger. Beverly F. Boiling, Harry C. Boyle. Fred M. Bray. John R. Carlisle, Edward W. Church, George \V. Cook, James W. Dorsey, Theodore II. Dorse\-, Ferdie L. Fergu.son, Anthony II. Folmer. George W. Freemyer, Arthur E. Gihhs, William D. Grimes, Gerald D. Grover, Charles N. Plendrieks, Kirby L. Hill. Clifford 0. Hope, Edward II. Howell, William w! Hummel, Cecil (J. Kane, William JI. JIansperger, Arthur R. Marvin, Alvin W. Michel, Charles A. .Miller, Roy W. Pott, Floyd W. Rains, The Regimental Armory LaFayette F. Snapp. Emmett Snider, William C. Stanbridge. Charles E. Stott, Frederick T. Thomp.son, Robert L. Vollrath. Jlitchell J. von Preissig. Paul K. Wells, Roger H. Wells, Ernest J. Wible. Brant L. Williams. John F. Williams, Joseph L. Williams and James A. Wilson. On detached service — stable sergeant, Arthur A. Reese, and private, Walter E. Randall ; losses by discharge — privates, Thomas II. Amhurn, Albert J. Ileckenkamp. Luis B. Justus, Harold C. Tyner and Floyd W. Bentley ; losses by transfer, Edward D. Thompson. The Home Guards were organized in ^lay, 1017, by Judge S. A. Hubbard and furnished the nucleus for Company E. John Kelker and C. W. Jarvis were the lieutenants. In September Hugh E. King returned from a three months' course of training at tlie Fort Sheridan Officers" Camp and, with the a.ssistancc of Judge llubliai-d, organized the Adams Countv Battalion of Volunteer Training Corps, which 242 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was authorized by the State Council of Defense, with Hugh E. King as major. The four companies of the battalion were located at Quincy, Camp Point, Golden and Mendon. Later, J. Erie Caldwell was taken in and he organized two more battalions, which completed the First Regiment, with himself as colonel; Elmer Johnson, lieu- tenant colonel, and Hugh E. King, Claire Irwin and Horace Jellison as majors. In addition to those named, there were companies at Clayton, Mount Sterling, Versailles, Meredosia, Plymouth, Augusta, Rushville, Carthage, Basco, LaHarpe, Hamilton and Warsaw. The growth of the movement became so rapid and so many new com- panies were asking for recognition, that in Januarj' j\Iajor King was authorized by the State Council of Defense to complete the organization of the Second Regiment. Additional companies had been formed at Loraine, Barry, New Canton, Baylis, Griggsville and Perry, and J. E. Caldwell and Hugh E. King were to command the regiments. The First has been transferred over to the Depot Brigade of the Reserve Militia, and the Second will do likewise as soon as the arrangement can be completed. (Written in summer of 1918.) The Chaddock Cadets are a part of the Chaddock Boys' School, of which there are about fifty boys. The military work of the school is in charge of Maj. Hugh E. King, and the boys, ranging in age from eight to eighteen years, are uniformed and make a fine appearance when in line. The United States Government recognizes the school to the extent of supplying the cadets with Krag-Jorgensen rifles for use in their military work. CHAPTER X COT-NTY SrnOOL SYSTEM FixANCiAL Basis of Public School System — The Workings of the DrxcAN Law — Professor Ti'rxer, Father of Presext System — Instructive Report of State Sui'erixtendext — State Exam- TNiXG Board Cre.\ted — State Superintendent op Public In- struction — Rural Sciioous STANPARniZED — IIioii School Tui- tion Act — Free High Schools — The School Sur\-ey — Strong Points of Adams County System — The Course of Study — Perfect Attendance — Better Trained Teachers — High Schools — Parext-Te.\chers' Association — Pioneer Schools AND Teachers Outside of Quincy — "Pernicious SystExm" to Encourage Idleness — Public School Tax Levied in Quincy — First Town Schools — The Town School'; Become the People's Schools — County Schools Commissiont;rs and Superintend- ents — Present Status of the County System. The county system of public instruction is a plant of slow grrowth, its basis rpstinp upon the laws of the state, and its clcvelopment in detail largely depciulinjr on the initiative of the county authorities and the abilities and faithfulness of individual teachei-s. There was really no compact system, correlated with the State Department of Education, until 18o4-o5. Previous to that time, what improvement in the schools was noted was rather considered a fortunate ha]ipening in .scattered localities resulting- from personal pfonerosity of support or a specially brilliant application of pedagosiy. So that although the history of the district and country schools, and that of the vil- lages as well, it is more a narrative of unrelated achievements for a period of more than thirty years after the county was politically or- ganized. The financial basis of the system was laid with the foundations of the state, and when Adams County elected its first set of officers, the Duncan school law was on the statute books. all)eit a dead letter. But the idea had been planted in the minds of legislators ami other intelligent men in Illinois that the common schools shoidd be sup- ported by the public treasury, and not left to individual sul)scrip- tions and haphazard efforts. Therefore, these general phases of the subject bearing upon the infancy of the Adams County schiKiJs call for brief but general review of the pulilic school system of Illinois. 24:! '244 QriXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY FiNANCi.vL Basis of Public School System When Nathaniel Pope, the Illinois delegate to Congress, drew the act enabling the territory to become a state, he formulated as the sixth section thereof four clauses referring to the offer of the gen- eral government to donate lands to the State of Illinois for the use of public schools. The first clause provided that section 16, in each township, was to lie given to the State of Illinois, to the inhabitants of such township for the use of schools ; the second, refers to the gift of the salt lands ; tlie third, provides that 5 per cent of the amount realized from the sale of the public lands in Illinois should be re- served foi' the state — 2 per cent for the improvement of roads leading into the state and 3 per cent for school purposes, of which latter one- half per cent was to be applied to a college or university : the fourth sets aside an entire township of land for the use of a seminary of learning to lie vested in the State Legislature. The first provision gave the state nearly T. 000, 000 acres of land, the proceeds of which passed into a permanent township school fund and is the financial basis of the public school system of Illinois. In Governor Bond's first message to the Legislature, in 1819, he recommended to that body a revision of the territorial laws and called special attention to education in these words: "It is our imperious duty, for the faithful performance of which we are answerable to Grod and our country, to watch over this interesting subject. ' ' In response to this call of duty by the governor, the Legislature passed laws making it an offense to cut timber from any school lands, the rents resulting therefrom to be applied to the cause of education. But the time was at hand when a mea.sure was to become funda- mental law which should prove the first step toward a free school system for the entii'e state. As already stated, its author was -Joseph Duncan, .state senator from Jackson County, and destined for seats in Congress and the gubernatiorial chair. On the face of it the law was a good one. It provided for schools in every county, created the proper officers and the means of electing them. School sites and tax levies for the support of the system were to be fixed by the legal voters in mass meetings. The taxes, which could be paid in money or merchantable produce, must not be more than one-half of one per cent on the as.sessed value of property in the county, and in no case more than $10 for any one person. Schoolhouses were to be built and kept in repair by a poll tax payable in labor. The local taxes were to be increased by the distribution of a general state fund de- rived from one-fiftieth of the entire state tax and five-sixths of the interest due on the school fund which the state had borrowed. The Workixgs of the Duncan Law The Duncan law nominally appropriated $2 out of each $100 re- ceived by the state treasury, to be distributed to those who had paid Ql'INCV AND ADA.AIS COUNTY 24r. taxes or subscriptions for the suppoi-t of scliools. Hut iis tlie afrjiro- gate revenue of the state at that time was only about .i^tiO.dOO. the sum realized from the Duncan law would have been but little more than $1,000 per aniuim. It praetieally remained a dead letter, and in the sessions of 1826-27 the taxing power authorized l)y it was nullitii'd, and a return and a retrogression taken to the popular subscription plan, or no system at all. No provision was made for the examination of the teacher, who was usually sole<'ted hy the subscribers to tlie local school. This was the condition of affairs when the first schools were estab- lished in Adams County, and .so remained, without radical change, until the foundation of the present system was laid in 1855. But gradually order, under the control of the constituted authoi-itics. got the upper hand, although a consistent county system of schools was not developed until the passage of the legislative acts of 1854 and 1855, the former creating a state superintendent of pul)lic instruc- tion and the latter a uniform state system, including a more com- pact county organization. Under the previous law no townshi]i could sell its sixteenth, or school section, until it had fifty inhabitants, which i)rovision for many years barred out many townships in Adams County from tak- ing advantage of even that small revenue, .\gain. the law permitted the people of any school district, by the affirmative vote of two-tliirds of the legal voters, to levy a tax c(|ual to 15 cents on each $100 of taxable property for the support of the public schools. Tn view of the comparative poverty of the peoi)le in the early times, when con- sidered as owners of taxable property, this also was an insignificant source of revenue. Each county was also entitled to a certain quota, based on popidation, of the state interest on the school, college and seminary funds. T'nder the old law the secretary of state was ex-officio superintend- ent of common schools, aiul each county elected a commissioner, to wliom was committed the care and sale of the s<'hool lands and the examination of teachers, but he was innowise authf)rized to superin- tend the schools. There was therefore neither a jiublic system nor public support, each locality depending on the intelligence and gen- erosity of resident subscribers for the f|uality of the education sup- plied to the eoiinnunity. Professor Turner Father op Present System But, commencing with the movement iiiauirurated by Prof. Joini- than B. Turner of Jacksonville, wbii'li eventuated in the founding of the Univei-sity of Illinois, and culniinati-d in the passage of the 1854- 55 laws, which, in turn, laid the fouiulation of a solid system of free .school headed by the state whii'h threw out tentacles into all the counties and townsiiips of the coinmonwealtli. tiu^ present-day era of popular education was born. Now eaih county elects a suierintend- 246 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY eiit of schools, whose duty it is to visit the schools, conduct teach- ers' institutes, advise with teachers and school officers and instruct them in their respective duties, conduct teachers' examinations, and exercise general supervision over the public educational affairs of the county. The subordinate officers are township trustees, a town- ship treasurer, a board of district directors, or in districts having a population of 1,000 or more (in cities and villages) boards of educa- tion. A compulsory educational law is in force and women are eligible to any office created by the general or special school laws of the state. Instructive Report op State Superintendent Tlie biennial report of the state superintendent of public instruc- tion issued in 1914 contains much interesting and valuable matter, especially covering the legislation relating to the state and county systems for the past decade. CuUings from that report, issued by Francis G. Blair, are especially instructive and encouraging as show- ing the advancement made in the qualifications required of teachers and the specialization in the supervision of the rural schools. "When the public school s.v.stem of Illinois was in its infancy," says Superintendent Blair, "boards of directors examined their own teachers. Later on, the law placed this function in the bands of the township trustees. It soon became apparent that if standards of education were to be established, some greater uniformity in the qual- ification of teachers was necessary. No such uniformity in teaching qualification was jiossible, unless the certificating authorities were more uniform in their requirements. This led to giving the county superintendent the power to examine and certificate teachers within his county. At the same time, the superintendent of pulilic instruc- tion was empowei'ed to grant certificates of state-wide validity. The number of certificates granted by the superintendent of public in- struction from 1855 down to 1!)14 has been a very small number of all the certificates issued in the state. The great mass of the teachers taught on county certificates. For the last twenty-five years it has been generally known tliat standards of (|ualifications for county certificates differed widely in the different counties of the state, as teachers were passing from one part of the state to the other, carr.v- ing certificates and asking that tliey be recognized wherever they went. Some of the county sujierintendents in the state began also to feel the burden of tlie preparation of questions and the grading of the manuscripts of the candidates examined. It was such a function as usurped much of the valualile time of a county superintendent which should have been spent on tlie supervision of his schools. State Examining Board Created "Finally after many years, a bill was drafted which received the support of the State Teachers' Association and the county superin- (^riXCY AND ADAMS CorXTY 247 tfiulonts. It passeil the Forty-eiglitli (ieiieral Assi.Miil)ly. and lieeaine effei'tive on July 1, 1!)14. It provided for a State Examiiiiiiij Board which should make such rules as were necessary to carry into effect the i)rovisions of the law. The superintendent of i)ul)lic instruction was made ex-officio a member and chairman of this examininor board. The law re(|uired that three of the four appointed members should be nominated by the county su]ierintendents' section of the State Teachers' Association and appointed by the superintendent of pub- lie instruction. The other member of the board was to l)e appointed by the same authority. '"In order that the three county sui)eriiitcMdciits upon tlie ex- aminiiifr board might represent, in a general way. the three large sec- tions of the state, the superintendent of pulilic instruction asked that the county superintendents from each one of these sections .should nominate a candidate. At the meeting of the State Teachers' Asso- ciation in December, 1913, the county superintendents' section nom- inated Cyrus S. Grove, county superintendent of Stephenson County, for the northern portion of the state: Ben C. Moore, county super- intendent of McLean County, for the central section, and Elmer Van Arsdall. county superintendent of Riclilaiul County, for the .south- ern section. Thej- were subsequently appointed. The superintendent of public instruction appointed as the other member of the examin- ing board Hugh S. Magill. Jr., superintendent of the city schools of Springfield, Illinois, who, as a State senator, had had more to do with the enactment of the law than any other one member of the Gen- eral As.seiiibly. The Examining Board met and organized by elect- ing Superintendent Magill its secretary. "Very few boards have faced as large a task as lay before this examining board. It had to deal with 30.000 teachers in service and provide means for making the transfer of their old certificates for those under the new law: it had to arrange for examinations to accom- modate these who wished to secure certificates before the ojiening of the school year. The law was, necessarily, extended and detailed. Few laws, covering such broad field and such complicated interests, have been freer from perplexing inconsistencies in provision and lan- guage. However, it has been found necessary to interpret some of the language of the law so as to make it consistent with certain other provisions. It has been necessary to issue circulars of instruction to county superintendents and teachers, and to provide blanks cov- ering every detail of the inauguration of the law. State Superintendent ur Pibuc Instruction "The history- of the movement to establish the office of superin- tendent of i)ublic instructions has been toli,e.\es.s An aceount of the growth of the Quincy Schools to the year when they were transferred from the supervision of the township or the county authorities to the control of the municipality, written forty years ago, is interesting as ])ictnring the difficulties with which the the advocates of popular education had to contend. The history of the local system, if it could be thus dignified, eommenccd with the Vol. 1—17 258 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY establishment of the first school in 1837. It was opened in what was known as the Lord's Barn, a log church situated very near the present Washing1:on Park. The school contained about thirty pupils, some of them learning their letters and others being able to read and spell indift'erently. The school was taught by Mr. Burnham, who had been engaged by Mr. Keyes and a few other public-spirited gen- tlemen, and was paid his salary bj- them, some of the citizens who sent their children to the school being unable to pay anything for the privilege. A few previous attempts to maintain schools, among them one by Rev. Jabez Porter, the Congregational minister, had been made, but the Burnham School was the first of any permanent value as an educational influence. "The establishment of the school," reads the old-time account, "was attended with great difficulties. There was serious objection to education in those days, which is even not hinted at now. Some of the people were open and outspoken in opposition to what they considered a pernicious system of keeping boys and girls idle when they ought to be at work ; and these, as a matter of course, refused to assist the school in any manner whatever. In that early time a contract was usually made between the teacher and the parents of the pupils, in which it was stipulated that the tutor should receive so much per quarter (probably ten weeks) for each pupil. The com- pensation was necessarily very small, and a part of this the teacher had to secure by 'boarding aromid' a week at one house, a week at another, and so on until he had been at each house in the district for a given time. "However, the inconvenience of changing his hoarding place was not the greatest obstacle which Mr. Burnham had to encounter. Very few books could be obtained ; the seats in the neighborhood were bare boards; the pupils had to walk long distances, owing to the sparsely settled condition of the place ; and finally, in 1837, many of those who attended this school died of cholera, and teaching had to be brought to a sudden termination. It was revived, however, the fol- lowing year, with the opponents of instruction fortified in' the partial failures which had already occurred. In one of the public meetings held about that time a giant Kentuckian, who was familiar to every- one in the place, made a speech in opposition to the school, declaring that 'eddycashun wasn't no good; that he sent his Sal to school one day an' she didn't larn a hooter; them teachers didn't know nothin'.' It was the element controlled largely by expressions of this kind that retarded the progress of learning in the then thriving little town, but nevertheless the school succeeded, maintained, as it was, by private subscriptions." Public School Tax Levied in Quinct The first real step forward in the management of the schools in Quincy came of an effort made by R. S. Benneson, Captain Artus (^ll.XC'V AND A1)A-MS COUNTY 259 and Governor Wood, in 1S42. Tn April, they circulated a petition and sent it to the Legislature, wliich was then in session, for per- mission to amend the existing city charter, which had been adopted in 1839, so as to enable Quincy to levy a tax of 12'. _. cents on the •$100. to be used under the direction of the City Council exclusively for school purposes. The necessary enactment was obtained, was ratified b.v a vote of the people, and the cit.v then commenced the operation of the school system in a somewhat satisfactory manner. First Town Schools It had been necessary, meantime, to rent rooms in various places for the accommodation of scholars, who had been growing in ninii- bers by the increase of population, and in 1843 the first sehoolhouse was built by the town authorities. This was a two-story brick build- ing on the Franklin School lot. Fifth Street, wJiieh was torn down to make room for the edifice afterward erected on the old site. Its dimensions were about 40 by 60 feet and it contained two rooms, and the building continued to be used for nearl.v thirty years. A little over a year afterward, a similar sehoolhouse was erected on Jefferson Square, and this remained occupied for school purposes until the county purchased the ground and commenced to build the courthouse in 1875. The Franklin and Jefferson schools each cost about $4,000. They were deemed of such ample capaeit.v that it was believed the.v would meet all the requirements of the school popula- tion for years to come. Like those outside the cit.v. the.v were under the immediate direction of School Examiner Grover. Although for some time the Cit.v Council had been appointing a "visiting com- mittee" annually to view the local public schools that body had no authority, and the schools were still directly responsible to the county. The Town Schools Hkcomf. the People's Schools But the time was near at hand when the municipal authorities were to have their hands forced by the people themselves and he made to bear the responsibilit.v for the maintenance of the schools within the city area. In 1843 the trustees of the Quincy Schools asked the Cit.v Council for a "donation" with whicli to sustain them. As their request was not granted; the citizens held a mass-meeting and adopted this resolution: "That this meeting instruct the City Council to appropriate $300 per <|uarter to sustain the public schools in this city, and that this appropriation remain permanent through the remainder of this year, and also continue through 1844." Thereuj)on. the Council adopted a series of resolutions, in wliii-li they recited the financial disabilities under which the city was labor- ing, and regretted their inability to make the required appropria- tion. The.v also recognized the dut.v of public officials to obey instruc- oriXCY AXl) ADA.MS CdlNTV 261 tious, and as they tliouglit they oould not in tliis instance obey, they expressed a willingness to resign, if the citizens desired them to do so, and to replace tliem with men who oonld sec their way clear to comply with the above instructions. It does not appear from the record that any of the aldermen resig.ied, yet at the next succeed- ing meeting of the Council tlic ajijjropriation was made, tiius indi- cating a strong pressure from the citizens. So that, at that early day in the history of Quincy. the pulilic schools, as we see from this ijicident. had become tiie people's schools, and they were a fixed insti- tution. It is true that they often languished afterward for suflficieut support to make them eflficient. but, except for very brief jieriods, under unusual circumstances, they have never been aih)wed to suspend. The I'eal foundation of the Quiiicy city system of schools dates from 1847: as in Ajiril of tiiat year the City of Quincy was organized into school di.stricts under control of the city authorities and under the laws of tlie state. In June of the same year tlie City Council ])assed ordinances providing for the sup; ort of tlie public schools witiiin the municipal limits and for the appointment of a superintendent. The county snitcriiitendent issues tlie teachers' certificates to city teadiei-s including tiie city superintendent. The county super- intendent has charge over city schools, as over the smaller districts in the county. They are required to make all their reports to that official. CorXTY SCIIUOL (.'o.M.MISSIOXERS A.Vn SlI'ERIXTENDENTS Seven or eight yeai-s afterward, as has been noted, the broad foun- dations of the present state and county systems were laid, and the fine suiK-rstructures of today have never suffered an arrested devel- opment. What has been accomplislied in the evolution of both schemes of popular education has been already told by the state and county superintendents. Since 18r)4. wlien such unity in edui'utional matters was effected, the county sciiool connnissioners and superin- tendents of Adams have been as follows: A. ToMzaliii. February 21, 1S.j4. to Deceiuber 1. 1857: A. W. Ulakesly, from the latter date until December 1. I*)!): tiien -M. T. Lane, whose term cominenced December 1, 1859: William Avise, 1860. and Hope S. Davis, 1864. The county superintendents of schools, with years when they com- menced service: Seth W. Grammer (elected in Xovember, u'lder the school law of 1865), 1865; John H. Black. 1869: S. S. Nesbitt, 1881 (appointed by Count.v Board of Supervisors t : John Jimis(ui. 1882 (elected) and served until his deatii in June. 189:?; Klla .M. Grubb, appointed by County Board and fillc 1 out Mr. Jimison's unexpired term; A. A. Seehorn, 1894: A. R. Smith, appointi'd by County Board. September 16, 1897. to serve out Mr. Se?horn 's unexpired term, who had resigned to accept the citv superintcndency, and served more than thirteen .vears; succeeded December 4. 191(1. l)y the lire.sent incumbent, John H. Steincr. \*.V/T.v. v'.*/* rrr. v'.v/' v '. v«.*.v''' .' v».» *."' " v».»:* "r ' '\» •.#7*?"^ 262 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Present Status of the County System In the spring of 1918, according to special figures prepared for this history, the total enrollment for the year in the iirst eight grades of the county schools had been 9,631; high school enrollment, 1,354; total, 10,985. Of that number 5,517 bo.ys had been enrolled, and 5,468 girls. The average daily attendance had been approximately ninety per cent of the enrollment. The sex division in the teaching force is represented by 90 men and 308 women. The average salary for men teachers was $748.18 and of women, .$564.20 ; average salary, $625.25. The value of school property, including real estate, tixtures, apparatus, etc., by townships, with the figures also for the City of Quincy, is given below; the table applies to the spring of 1918: Township Value Township Value Clayton .$37,300 Gilmer $9,850 Camp Point 48,280 Ellington 11,207 Honey Creek 13,750 Riverside 13,175 Mendon 29,100 McKee 8,350 Ursa 6,340 Liberty 13,975 Northeast 39,050 Burton 9,350 Houston 7,575 Melrose 14,425 Keene 19,150 Beverly 7,950 Lima 19,660 Richfield 9,950 Concord 9,625 Payson 60,445 Columbus 8,35« Fall Creek 11,475 Total for Townships $ 478,337 Quincy 894,967 Grand Total $1,373,304 CIIAl'TKl! XI TIIF: GEH.MAX element: its I.MPoKTAXCE IX THE HIS- TORY AND DEVELOPMEXT OF QLIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Bij Henry Bornmann III the introduction to his great work, "The German Element in the United States," Albert Bernhardt Faust, professor of German in Cornell University, says: "Tlie history of the Germans in this coun- try goes hack to the earliest Coh)Mial period. Recurrent waves in the eighteenth were followed by great tides of German immigration in the nineteenth century, and these carried into the population of the United States an element second in amount only to the contribution of the English stock." German Contributions to American Nationality And Vincent H. Todd, Ph. D., professor in Greenville College, Illinois, in the introduction to his treatise on "Christoph Von GrafTen- ried and the Founding of Xew Bern, X. C, in 1709," published in 1912, says: "A carefully prepared and conservative computation made within the last ten years, gives the surprising result that of our white population tliere are at least twenty-seven per cent of Ger- man birth or extraction, while those of English origin number but thirty per cent. With such a proportion of Germans, is it not strange that almost nothing is said in our histories alwut this great element of our po|)ulatioii ; about the causes that induced them to leave their homes; about the circumstances of their first settlements; about their influence upon the growth of our common culture? '"The reason of this lies i)artly in the undeveloped provincial character of American historiography, partly in the fact that Ameri- can History was first written by men from Xew England. They wrote of tlic things with which they were most familiar, their own Puritan commonwealths and the institutions developed from them. Biased by provincial prejudices they overlooked other events of equally great importance, so that their histories read like a one-sided glorification of their ancestors." Prof. Albert Bernhardt Faust is a great (icrman-Aiiicrican. and Prof. Vincent H. Todd an Anglo-American, and both are earnest and fair-minded men. While I might quote the sayings of many other prominent his- torians of our country, equally to the point, the foregoing nuiy suffice 26:i A Pioneer German Couple (JllXrV AND AUAMS COIXTY 26r> for our i)urp()se. namely: to aciiiiaint tlii- reader with tlie iinijortanee of the German element, and its share in the development of our eoun- try, the upbuilding of the commonwealth, at the same time not wishing to detract one iota from the credit due any of the many other nation- alities comprisuig the i)()pulation of the United States, this great melt- ing pot of the peoples of the whole world, that have gathered here in the course of time. In an address delivered before the German University League in New York City, January 14. 1916. Prof. Albert Bernhardt B^aust .said : "Wlien asked to define the German contribution to the history of the Ainerican people in a few words, I have often given the reply, the Germans have contributed blood, brawn, brain and buoyancy to the make-uj) of the American people. Under the head of the contril)ii.ti()n of blood should be included also the l)l(K)d spilt on the battlefields of the United States. Monographs that have been written on the sub.iect show how lavishly German blood has been shed in defense of American liberty and union. The hi.storian Bancroft estimated the German contingent in the patriot armies of the Revolutionary War as in excess of their ratio in the population. The statistics of Gould on the Civil War prove that the German volunteering exceeded in proportion that of the native and also that of the other foreign elements." That the German element in the United States is predominant in the engineering branches, in chemical industries, the manufacture of musical and optical instruments, the preparation of food products, as sugar and .salt, cereals, flour and starch, also in canning, preserving, milling aiul brewing, goes without saying. They have been prominent in inventing agricultural machinery, in the manufacture of wagons, electric and railway ears; they have been identified with the growth of the iron and steel industries, and glass manufacture, also in print- ing, and have had a monopoly in the art of lithography. But I nuist put on the brakes on my train of thoughts, to keep it from running on ad infinitum in this direction, and get down to the task assigned me. namely: to give a fair and unbiased treatise on "The German Element and its Importance in the History and De- velopment of Quincy and Adams County." intcrspei-sing many inter- esting rcminiscenscs. as they were brought to light during the years spent in gathering the historical data, which I intend to give in the course of my narrative. The sub.ject of historical research is not only interesting, it is a most worthy enterprise, for it establishes a con- nection between the past and present, brings things to light that are of value for the present, and preserves them for future generations. It being my object to write about the German element, I will mention those who are of Gorman blood. The Foi'NDER of Quincy John Wood, the first settler aiul foinulcr of Quincy, was born in Moravia. Cayuga County, New York. I)eceml)er 20, 1798. lie was the 266 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY only sou of Daniel and Katherine (Krause) Wood. His father, Dr. Daniel Wood, was born in Orange County, New York, June 29, 1751, and served as captain and surgeon in the Revolutionary war for a term of three years. After that war he settled in Cayuga County, where he later married Miss Katherine Krause, a German girl, born of German parents in the Mohawk Valley, many Germans having settled there in the early Colonial days, owing to the beauty and fertility of soil in that region. Dr. Daniel AVood's father came to this country from Ireland, and was killed by Indians on Long Island, New York. John Wood's mother died in 1803, when her son was only five j-ears of age, while his father lived to the high old age of more than ninety-two years, his death occurring October 3, 1843, at his home in Cayuga County. His body was afterwards exhumed and now lies in beautiful Woodland, a cemetery established, improved and eared for by John Wood as long as he lived. Thus we see that John Wood, the first settler and founder of Quincy, was of Irish and German extraction, and it therefore is meet and proper that this fact be emphasized here, as no history of the German element of this community would be complete without making this statement. While Dr. Daniel Wood, the father of John Wood, was quite a scholar and linguist, as might be expected from a man in his position, he being able to speak, read and write in German, his wife, the German girl from the Mohawk Valley, never learned to speak English. Had she lived longer, her son, John, would have become thoroughly conversant with the German language. John Wood, the pioneer of Quincy, visited the present site of this city in the fall of 1821, and soon afterward purchased a quarter section of land. The place being uninhabited, he returned in the fall of 1822 and erected a log cabin near the river, at a point which now is known as the foot of Delaware Street. This cabin, which covered an area of 18 by 20 feet, was the first building in what now is known as the City of Quincy. On January 25, 1826, John Wood was married to Jliss Ann M. Streeter, daughter of Joshua Streeter, formerly of Washington County, New York, the wedding taking place in Quincy. The facts contained in the foregoing statement were given to the writer of this history more than sixteen years a^o by Daniel C. Wood, the eldest son of John Wood, born February' 9, 1829, in the log cabin erected by his father on Delaware near Front Street, he being the first white child born in Quincy, and the only person now living here born in Quincy prior to 1830. John Wood, the first settler and founder of Quincy, who died June 4, 1880, in the eighty-second year of his life, after having spent fifty-eight years in this community, where he was the most prominent factor in the historj' of the city for such a long period, will ever be remembered by all who had occasion to come in contact with him. In his personage were combined the best traits of his ancestors, the vim and vigor of the Irish, and the patient steadfastness of the German. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNT Y 267 Robust in body, of a commaiKliiig figure, resolute iu character, he also was eiulowwl by a kind and benevolent disposition, as the writer of this narrative had the opportunity to learn, when he made his personal acquaintance more than sixty years ago, the incident being as follows: .My father had l)ought a bale of hay from John ^Yood, and sent me with the mon<>y to pay for the hay. Arriving at the resi- dence, the present Historical Building, which at that time stood where afterwards the great stone mansion was erected, now known as Christ Church. I found Mrs. Wood at home and wanted to give her the money. She told me to be seated, the "governor" would soon be in. When Mr. Wood arrived, I handed him the money and started to leave, i)ut he in a most positive manner told me to sit down, which of course I did, being somewhat frightened. Then the old gentleman said something to Jlrs. Wood, which I did not under- stand. The good lady left the room and soon appeared with a glass of sweet eider, which she gave to me. She also carried a plate full of nice red apples, telling me to fill my pockets after I had drank the cider. This I did, and then Mr. Wood said: "Now, my boy, you may go." The German iiinnigrants, who were among the early settlers in this community, found in John Wood a friend and adviser, always willing to assist them in acquiring a home of their own. "I attribute the kindly feeling of father for the German immigrants to the fact, that his mother was German," said Daniel Wood, the son, to the writer, in commenting on this distinctive feature in the character of his father. In my description of John Wood, the pioneer, I have said nothing about the life work of the man, the many positions of honor and trust held by him in this community, as well as in the state and in the nation, leaving this to men more able and better (|ualified to do justice to the subject, my only object lieing to establish his connection with the German element, his German blood relationship. By popular sul)scrij)tion the people of Quincy contributed the means for the erection of a monument in Washington Park, a statue of heroic size, to the memory of John W^ood. Cornelius G. Yolk, a noted sculptor, who made the designs for the Lincoln and Lovejoy monuments, also designed the statue of Governor Wood, thus gaining a national reputation. Mr. Yolk came to Quincy in 184S and resided here for fifty years, following his calling as sculptor for many years until his death in 1898. He also was of German descent, as his name indicated, and as he repeatedly assured the writer of this history. Our German Pioneers That the German pioneers and their descendants were of great importance in the development of Quincy as town and city, and also in the development of the farming communities of Adams County, 268 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY is plain to every one who has given the subject some thought. In times of peace and in times of war they have made their mark. In our churches, schools and colleges, in our banks and commerce, in our factories and industrial ventures of every description, we see the results of German thrift, energy and patience, which has done so much, has been such an important factor in the development of OuB Gem City Quiney, the beautiful city of the valley Of the Mississippi, the Father of Waters. From thee oft have gone forth many brave and true sons, In thy homes we may find bright and noble daughters. Built nj)on rock-ribbed bluffs, firm is thy foundation, We may call tliee with pride, Jewel of the Nation. Thy beauties of nature, rare gems of creation, In all seasons do call for man's admiration. Upon thy lofty heights, while looking around me, My heart truly thankful that our fathers found thee. The First German Settlers As far as known, Michael ]\Iast was the first German who settled in Quiney. Born in 1797 in Forchheim, Baden, he came to America in 1816. After spending a number of years in different parts of this country, also in the City of ilexieo and Vera Cruz, he finally came to Quiney, where he settled down in 1829, and became prominent in pulilic life, serving as one of the five trustees chosen, when Quiney was incorporated as a town, June 4, 1834. He also served in the Black Ilawk War, together with John Wood, in Capt. W. G. Flood's company, which was raised in Quiney. Michael Mast was a tailor by trade, which occupation he followed for some time. In 1835 he opened a general store in Jlillville, a village seven miles south of here (now known as Marblehead), but soon returned to Quiney, where he continued in business for many years, until his death in 1852, never having mafried. Henry Wagy was one of the earliest settlers in Adams County. It is stated that he was of German lineage, which is probably correct, as the name Wagy would indicate, a name which is found among the Germans, especially in Switzerland. Wagy came in the early '20s of last century from Licking County, Ohio, and purchased what was known as the "Smoking Dutchman's" place in Melrose Township. Many of the descendants are today living in Adams and Pike counties. The family of John Wigle (Weigel) was among the early pioneers of Adams County. The Hon. John A. Broady, circuit judge of this county, in June, 1901, related the following to the writer of this I^LIXCV A.\0 ADAMS COL'XTV 2G:t history: "John Wigle, who was born in Pennsylvania in ITSU. was married to Miss Margaret Wolf in Fayette County, I'a., in 1802; the lady was born in Lancaster County, Pa., in 1785; both were German. Shortly after their marriage they moved to Kentueky, and in 180.5 to Mi.ssouri. In 1813 tiiey K'ft Cape Cirardeau, Mo., and loeated in Union County. HI. Margaret Wiglc, nee Wolf, was the aunt of John Wolf, who was born in I'nion County. 111., in 1811, seven years before Illinois became a state. Solomon Wigle was Iwrn in Union County, April 20, 1816. The mother of Judge Broady, whose maiden name was Anna Wigle, was born in Union County in 1818. In 1826 the Wigle family located in Adams County. At that time tiiere were only fifteen families, all told, living in this county. .Idhn Wigle. the maternal grandfather of Judge Broady, only read his German Bible, he not being able to read English. George Wolf, the father of the above mentioned John Wolf, was a Dunkard preacher, and in the year 1829 preached for the first time in Liberty Township in this county, services being held in German as well as English. The first couple married in Liberty Township were Jacob Wigle and Nancy Hunsaker, both German, and Hcv. George Wolf performed the cere- mony. ' ' Concerning the family of George Wolf, further information was given the writer of this narrative nine years ago by ;\Irs. I'armelia Metzger, widow of John Jletzger, her husband having been a Dunkard preacher. Mrs. Metzger was born in Kentucky in 1823. She was the daughter of John and Isabel (Williams) McKnight. Her mother was a sister of Judge Archibald Williams, who was born in Kentucky in 1801 and came to Quincy in 1829. Mrs. .Metzger 's parents having died early, .she was brought to Quincy by relatives in 1833. The writer called on the old lady at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Martha J. Lambert, widow of Rodney Lambert, and found Mrs. Metz- ger very bright for her age of eighty-six years. She gave the follow- ing information: "I was married twice, and both husbaiuls were German. My first husband was David Wolf, a son of George and Anna (Hun-saker) Wolf, w^ho were married March 3, 1803, in Pennsylvania, as recorded in the old Bible of the faraih-. In the year 1808 they came to Union County, 111., where they lived for twenty years, and in 1829 came to Adams Coiinty. George Wolf for many years served as preacher of the Dunkards in this county. Jly first husband, David Wolf, also was a Dunkard preacher. When I came to Quincy in 1833 the courthouse consisted of a story-and-a-half loghouse, and the first hotel was conducted in a loghouse. Jacob B. Wolf, formerly overseer of the county farm, is my son, and I have two daughters, Mrs. Martha J. Lambert in this city. anart. The commander of the militia was Gen. John Strieker, iiorn 1759 at Frederick, .Maryland (originally ?'riederichstadt, where Johann Thomas ."^chl 'y. a Gernuni s<'hi>olmaster, ancestor of .Admiral Winficld Scott Srhlcy, in 1745 278 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY erected the first house). The British having landed at North Point, General Strieker led his men against them iu a running skirmish, in which General Boss, the British commandei", was killed. Major George Armistead, the son of Johann Armstiidt, a Hessian, living iu New Market, Virginia, gallantly defended Fort ilcHeury, when the British fleet, consisting of sixteen frigates, opened a terrific bombardment on the fort, on the morning of September 12, 1814. The garrison con- sisted of one thousand men. The cannonade lasted for thirty-six hours. The fort, commanding the entrance to the port, answered the fire with chain-shot, prepared by Jacob Lemley, the smith. The chain- .shot consisted of two cannon balls, connected by a short chain. It was on this occasion that Francis Scott Key, who was a prisoner on 02ie of the British ships, composed the celebrated national song, ' The Star Spangled Banner,' September 14, 1814. After the British fieet left, the detachment of troops, iu which Jacob Lemley served, were quar- tered in that part of the capitol at Washington which had not been destroyed. After the War of 1812 Jacob Lemley was married to iliss Elizabeth Hotsenpiller (Hatzenbuehler ?), born 1791 in Frederick County, Va., no doubt also of German parentage. Jacob Lemley, who was a smith, in the course of time became very proficient in his calling; he made the iron and steel work, bars and crossbars, for the fii'st jail in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and also was the inventor of a plow, for the first time using steel for the ploughshare. Friends advised him to secure a patent-right on his invention, but he said: 'No, it is for the benefit of the people; I wish no royalty on my inven- tion.' But Cyrus H. McCormick, born February 15, 1809, at Walnut Grove, Virginia, took advantage of Jacob Lemley 's invention and in the course of time made a fortune out of it. Jacob Lemley also was a wagonmaker, his wagons being known all over the country for their durability. In 1858 he came west, settling down in Paris, Missouri, where he died ^lay 3, 1874, aged 83 years and 9 months, his wife pre- ceding him in death in 1873, aged 82 years." The children of Jacob Lemley were: George W^., Jacob, Harvey, Joseph T. and Robert D. Lemley, Mrs. Margaret Jane Henning and IMrs. Anna Catherine Drake. Only Robert D. Lemley is among the living, at present residing in Kansas City, ^Missouri, all the others having died since the writer met George William Lemley for the first time fourteen years ago. George William Lemley, the oldest son of Jacob Lemley, was born in Stephen City, Frederick County, Virginia, December 29, 1819, and was married to Miss Susan JIargaret Ritteuouer (Rittenauer), born in Frederick County, Virginia, September 13, 1826, of German par- ents, as the name plainly indicates. In the history of the Lemley and Rittenauer families we have another instance of names being changed to conform with the proniniciation in English. From the parents of Mrs. Lemley the couple inherited several slaves, but considering slavery wrong, they granted freedom to their slaves, long before the War of the Rebellion, which led to the emancipation of all slaves Ql'lXCV AXI) ADAMS COrXTV 27f) in this country. As George \V. Lcniley assured tiie writer of this narrative, the same course was followed by other slaveholders iu Frederick County. Virginia. In 1SG4 the family came to (juincy, where George W., Joseph T. and Robert D. Lemley opened a dry goods store, the name of the firm being Lemley Brothers. Later the firm was dissolved, Kobei-t 1). Lendey going to Huntsville, Jlissouri, and Jasepli T. Lemley to Middle Grove, Missouri, both continuing in the dry goods business in the towns mentioned. Still later the Lemley ]{rothei"s were engaged in the iron and steel business in Quincy. Finally George "William Lemley went into the grocery business, in which he continued during the remaining years of his life, his of Decatur, Illinois; she died in 1877. In 1881 he was married to Alice E. Demsey, now living. George Washington Goodner has four children living, namely : George Wil- liam Goodner, in Southern ^lissouri ; John Lewis Goodner, in Omaha, Nebraska ; 'Sirs. Lennie Goit and William Raphael Goodner, both in Chicago. It was in the fall of 1903, when the writer of this history met Hiram Franklin Cassell, who gave an interesting story about the genealogy of his family, which was of German origin : Michael Cas- sell. born in Hessen-Cassel, witli liis wife and one son came to America (^riXCV AXI) ADA.MS COrXTV 285 in 1696. Their emigration no doubt was due to the adverse conditions existing in the country of their birth, as the result of the Thirty Years' war, 1618-1648. They settled down in what now is Wash- ington County, Virginia, where the son, Abraham Gabriel Cassell, born in the fatherland 1695, grew up, and in 1762, being in the sixty- eighth year of his life, married Miss Bessie Fleener (Klieimcr?), nineteen years of age. January 14, 1763, a son was born to them, whom they named Michael : when this son was in the fifteenth year of his life, he enlisteil as a tifer in the American army during the War of the Revolution, taking part in the battle of Bennington, August 16, 1777, under Gen. John Stark. It was on this memorable occasion when General Stark, pointing at the enemy, said to his .soldiers, that he would gain a victory, or Molly Stark should he a widow that night; then Michael Cas.sell, the youth still in his teens, picked up a gun, also taking an active part in the engagement, which resulted vie- toriousfy for the Americans. Later on he served under Gen. William Henry Harrison against tlie Indians, who at that time under Chief Tecumseh were committing all kinds of depredations, killing the set- tlers, pillaging and destroj'ing their settlements. He took part in the Battle of Tippecanoe, on the banks of the Tippecanoe River, November 5, 1811. Tecumseh 's brother, prophet of the tribe, in the absence of the chief, who was attempting to form an alliance with tribes from the south for hostilities against the whites, demanded a parley and a council was propo.sed for the next day. But while General Harrison 's little army, consisting of 300 regulars and 500 militia men. were .sound asleep, the Indians suddenly attacked the camp at 4 o'clock in the morning. A desperate fight ensued, lasting till daylight and the In- dians finally were defeated and dispersed. Michael Cassell in the course of time attained the rank of colonel. His son, John Franklin Ca.ssell, born January 1, 1799, in Wa.shington County, Virginia, in- herited the martial spirit of his father, enlisting in the American army as a fifer during the War of 1812, and took part in the Battle of Xew Orleans, which was fought at Chalmette, about four miles below the city, January 8, 1815. Ooneral Jackson, in command of the Americans, with a force of 6,000 men, repulsed Sir Edward Paken- ham's army of 12,000 British veterans. Pakenham lost his life, while 700 of his men were killed, 1,400 wounded and 500 taken prisoner. The loss of the Americans amounted to 8 men killed and 13 wounded. This remarkable result is accounted for by the fact that General Jackson's men were entrenched, and protected by sandbags and cotton bales. Later John Franklin Ca-ssell served in the Blackhawk war, attaining the rank of major; he also served in the Mexican war as colonel. In 1848 he settled down in Clayton. Adams County. Illinois; he was a smith and gunsmith, which trade he learned from his father. He died March 23, 1886, aged eighty-seven years. Hiram Franklin Cassell. a son of John Franklin Cassell, was born August 28, 1843, in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, his father at that time 286 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY being in command of the post. At the beginning of the "War of the Rebellion he enlisted in the Eighth Illinois Infantry, serving four years and five months to the end of the war. In 1866 he enlisted in the Third Regular Cavalry, in which he served si.x years and seven months, taking part in the different Indian wars. At the massacre of Julesburg, Colorado, perpetrated by Indians in 1868, he saved the life of Charles Boone, a grandson of Daniel Boone, the famous backwoods- man and trapper. In 1869 Hiram Franklin Cassell was captured by Cheyenne Indians at Plain Creek, sixteen miles from Fort Kearney ; they traded liim for four ponies to the Red Cloud Sioux, being held by the latter in captivity for eleven months, until Gen. George A. Custer (Kuester) defeated those Indians at Devil's Lake, Idaho, and Cassell was rescued. (Custer's ancestor, a Hessian soldier, was paroled 1778 after Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga. His name Kuester, hard to pronounce for English tongues, was, like so many others, changed to a form of easier pronunciation. Custer was a graduate of West Point. As a commander of cavalry divisions he fought in many battles of the Civil war, and was appointed brigadier-general for gal- lantry. With great distinction he served in several campaigns against the Indians. But on June 26, 1876, when he with 250 men da.shed into overwhelming masses of Sioux Indians, he became surrounded. In the desperate battle Custer, as well as his brother. First Lieutenant Thomas Custer, and all soldiers were massacred to the last man. The fight is known as the Custer massacre at the Little Big Horn River, Montana.) Solomon Cassell and William Cassell, uncles, and James Cassell, a brother of Hiram Franklin Cassell, also served in the Eighth Illinois Infantry; besides these, two brothers, Abraham Cassell and Gabriel Ca.ssell, and a nephew, Anderson N. Cassell, served in the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry. Finally a grand-nephew, Alonzo G. Cassell, served in the Forty-third United States Regiment in the Spanish-American war. Hiram Franklin Cassell took part in twenty-two battles and engagements during the War of the Rebellion. His uncle, William Cassell, lo.st his life in the second battle of Jackson, Mississippi, July 7, 1864. Hiram Franklin Cassell and his only daughter are at this writing living in Kansas City, ilissouri; his only son, Warren L. Cassell, is sergeant of the police force in Quincy. After the foregoing record of old pioneers, who came to America in the earl.y Colonial days, as far as the writer of this history was able to learn that record, we now get doM'n to those who came some- what later. Settlers of 1833 The first German family locating in Quincy was that of Anton Delabar, who with his wife and daughter, Juliane, aged ten years, came to this city in 1833. Anton Delabar was born in 1798 in Schelingen, Grand-duchy of Baden, while his wife, Barbara, nee (^rJNCY AND ADA.MS C'OrXTY 287 Linncniaiin, was Ixirn in 1799 in IIorliolilsluMin. liiulen. Anton Doiabar was a carpenter, and erected the tirst sawmill on the ereck at Third and Delaware streets, being assisted by Henry Grimm, an old pioneer who came to this eity in 1834. the mill being rnn by water-power. Delabar also ereeted the first brewery on Kentncky, between Fourth and Fifth streets, later removing it to Front and Spring streets, where he continued the business for many years. Anton Delabar was one of the first judges of election in 1840. when the question of incor- porating Quiney as a eity was voted on by the people. When the votes were canva.ssed on Mardi 18. 1840, it was found that 228 votes were in favor and 12 votes against a city charter, which thus was adopted. In 184") Anton Delabar organized the .second German military company in Quiney. the "Quiney Jaeger" (the first German military company, the Quiney German Guards, being organizeil in 1844 by John Bernhard Schwindclcr, taking part in the .Mormon war). The "Quiney Jaeger" Company continued in existence until the outbreak of the Civil war in 1861, when it formed the nucleus of Comjjany II, the Gernmn company of the Sixteenth Illinois In- fantrj'. Capt. Anton Delabar was for many years prominent as a business man in this eity. Ilis wife dying in 1860. he in later years returned to his old home in Baden, where he died in 1880. Juliane, the eldest daughter, who with her parents eame from Germany, grew up in this city and was married to Adolph Kaeltz. one of the pioneers of Quiney. Louise, another daughter of Anton and Barbara (Linne- mann) Delabar, was born in Quiney Mareh 21, 1835, being the first child of German parents born in this eity. She was married to Her- man C. Schroer. one of the pioneers of Quiney. who died September 5, 1866. Louise Schroer departed from this life March 9, 1909. One .son. P. A. (Duke) Schroer. city clerk of Quiney. was born September 19, 1865. After acquiring his education in the public schools, he learned the printer's trade in the offices of the Manufacturers' Ex- change, the ^Modern Argo and the Quiney Journal, serving on the reportorial staff of the latter paper and also on the Quiney Herald. He was private secretary to the Hon. J. Ross Jliekey, representative of the Fifteenth Congressional District of Illinois, from December, 1901, to March 4. 190,3. A vacancy occurring in the office of city clerk in 1910. be was appointed by Mayor John A. Steinbach to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the term, after which he was elected to the office by a vote of the people, for three successive terms. Novem- ber 25, 1894. P. A. Duke Schroer married Miss Mary Ellen Brophy, daughter of George Brophy. for many years circuit clerk of Adams County. They have one son, George Carl, and one daughter, Catherine Julia. Charles Delabar, a son of Anton and Barbara (Linnemann) Dela- bar, was born in Quiney, in 1839. He grew up to manhood in this city and became interested in the business ventures of his father. At the beginning of the Civil war Charles Delabar rallied to the defense of the Union, enlisting in Company H, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, and 288 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was elected as second lieutenant of the company. But his father, being well along in years, needed the assistance of his only son in business, and so he resigned and came home. He married Miss Anna Thompson, whose father for many years held a responsible position with the Chicago, Burlington and Quiney Railroad, having charge of what is knowai as Thompson's Switch, north of the city. Charles Delabar at this writing lives in Chicago Heights, where he has two daughters, Mrs. John Cordes and ^Irs. Charles Lepper, his wife having died many years ago. As far as known, several other German families came to Quiney in 1833, namely : Christian Gottlob Dickhut, who was born in Muehl- hausen, Thuringia, Germany, January 4, 1804. In the year 1828 he married Johanna E. Schmidt, also born in Muehlhausen, February 8, 1810. They came to America in 1831, locating in Pittsburgh. Penn- sylvania. In 1833 they came to Quiney and shortly afterward moved to the Mill Creek, seven miles south of the city, where Mr. Dickhut built a log cabin and went to farming. But he was taken down with malaria, and after suffering for a whole year, he tore down his cabin, brought the material to Quiney, where he rebuilt it and made his home in the city, where he occupied a prominent position in business, as a contractor and a merchant. While in the contracting business he, together with the early pioneers, Paul Konantz and Anton Guth, carried out the work of grading ]\Iaine and Hampshire streets from Third Street to the river front, quite an undertaking, consider- ing the high bluffs and the primitive implements of those days. During the "gold fever" of 1850, Christian Gottlob Dickhut, in company with his son Charles W. Dickhut, Charles Pfeiffer, and another pioneer, crossed the plains with two prairie schooners drawn by oxen. After an absence of one year they returned by crossing the Isthmus of Panama, thence to New Orleans and from there by river to Quiney. Christian Gottlob Dickhut died in Quiney, August 12, 1878, his wife died August 17, 1885, in California, where she had gone with some of her children. Charles W. Dickhut, a son of Christian Gottlob and Johanna (Schmidt) Dickhut, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1833, and came to Quiney with his parents in the same year. He grew up in this county and followed farming in Ellington and Mel- rose tovniships. During the war he served in the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantry. He finally located in Kansas, where he died in 1910. His wife, Margaret, nee Stork, at this writing resides in Nickerson, Kansas. George Dickhut, the next son of Christian Gottlob and Johanna (Schmidt) Dickhut, was born in this city May 24, 1835 ; he married Catherine Dingeldein, daughter of the old pioneer Sebastian Dingeldein, and became a farmer. His first wife died and he married JIary Sehuchmann. Later he came to Quiney and was humane officer for some yeai'S. He died May 18, 1912. One daughter, ]Mrs. Addie Tilden, lives in Chicago ; one son, William, in Denver, QI'INCY AND ADA.MS COrXTV 289 Colorado, is coiuliu'tor on the Burlington Railroad; another son, Roj-, is engaged as fruit raiser in Florence, Colorado ; and still another son, Arthur, lives in Texas. William C. Dickhut, born in 1837, farmed for some time, then eame to town, where he served on the police force for years, until he died about twenty-two years ago ; his widow, Caroline, nee Garbrecht, is living in Ocean Park, California, with her daughter, Jlrs. Ada Sowers. Christian G. Dickhut, the youngest sou of Christian Gottlob and Johanna (Schmidt) Dickhut. was born in (^uincy February 1, 1847 ; he grew up in this city, served in the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantiy during the Civil war, and later married Lizzie Tliocle of this city. For manj- years he was engaged as solicitor in the coal business. His wife died JIarch 3, 1913. lie has the following children : Minnie, wife of George Dasbaeh ; Alfred, machinist in Quincy; Emma, stenographer witli the Swift Packing Co., Chicago; Irene, stenographer in the State Street Bank; Myrtle, at home; Ralph, member of the fire department; Ruth, ste- nographer with the E. "SI. Miller Co. Christian Gottlob and Johanna (Schmidt) Dickhut had the fol- lowing daughters, still living: Emily, wife of Henry Beutel, who was lieutenant in the Forty-third Illinois Infantry, both are living in I'kiali, California; Carrie, widow of Arthur Bitle, in yiiles City, ^Montana; ]Mathilde, wife of Charles Smith, in this city; and Ruth, in Richmond, California. Christopher William Dickhut was born in Muehlhausen, Thuringia, 1806, and married Caroline Schmidt ; she was born in the same town in 1808. In 1831 he with his wife accompanied his brother. Christian Gottlob Dickhut, to Pittsl)urgh, Pennsylvania, and in 1833 also came to Quinc}'. He was a gunsmith and locksmith by profession. One son. Charles Christopher Dickhut, conducted a drug store in Quincy for a number of years until his death in the latter part of the nineties. Another son, Frederick William Dickhut, at the beginning of the Civil war was among the first volunteers, enlisting in Com- pany A, Tenth Illinois Infantry, being selected as a corporal. After serving for three months under the first call of President Lincoln, Frederick W. Dickhut enlisted in the Third Illinois Cavalry, as first lieutenant of Companj- F, serving during the war. After the war he entered the mail sers'iee of the Government, and later went to Indianapolis where he still resides. Christopher 'William and Caroline (Schmidt) Dickhut had one daughter, ilarie, who in 1857 was mar- ried to Rev. H. Koenecke, pastor of the German Methodist Church, but has long since died. Settlers of 1834 Joseph Mast was born in Forcbhcim, Baden, Germany, in 1811, and came to this city in 1834. He was a nephew of Jlichael Mast, the first German who settled in Quincy in 1829. The fact that Michael Mast was the first f!fi-iiian ])iniieer in this city, soon induced other 290 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY relatives and friends to make their home here. In 1838 Joseph Mast married Anna Maria Bross, they being the first German couple married in the Catholic Church in Qiiincy. Anna Maria Bross was born in the year 1819 in Elgesweier, Baden, and came with her pai-ents to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1832. From there the family, consisting of father, mother, four sons and three daughters, came overland in a prairie schooner, drawn by hoi'ses, to Qiiincy. When they arrived here in 1836, there was no vacant dwelling in the town, and so they camped out under a mighty tree until a loghouse was built. Joseph Mast for many years conducted a grocery business. He died in 1891, his wife surviving him; she departed this life in 1902. Joseph and Anna Maria (Bross) Mast had two sons, Joseph and John Mast, who for a number of years were engaged in the grocery business. Joseph Mast died twenty years ago, while John Mast is among the living. Besides there are four daughters, ilrs. Christina Sonnet, Mrs. Alfred Kurz, Mrs. "William Kurz and Miss Emilie Mast, all in Quincy. Another daughter, Mrs. Edward Meyer, died three years ago. A letter, which Joseph ]Mast on July 20, 1834, wrote from Quincy to his parents, whom he had left in the fatherland, is still in existence, in the hands of his daughter, Mrs. Christina Sonnet in this city. The writer gives an interesting account of the voyage across the ocean. There were 190 passengers, all from the Grandduchy of Baden, on board of the Bolivar, a sailing vessel. They left Havre, France, April 5, 1834, and arrived at New Orleans June 2d, the trip taking fifty- eight days. The cholera raging in the city, they left New Orleans the next day after their arrival, taking a boat for the north. When they reached the mouth of the Ohio River in the night at 10 o'clock, they had to leave the boat, which was bound for Louisville, Kentucky. At the present site of Cairo they camped out over night, gathering a pile of wood and building a real campfire. The next morning they went aboard another boat for St. Louis, where they arrived June 13th, and left by boat the next day. In the following night their boat collided with another boat coming down stream, and they came near being shipwrecked, but finally reached Quincy on June 16th. The condition of things as he found them here did not seem to appeal to the writer, for he advised his parents to stay in their home in Ger- many. Michael Weltin, born in 1802 in Forchheim, Baden, grew up to manhood in the fatherland, and married Katherine ililler, also born in Forchheim in 1804. In the fall of 1833 the couple emigrated from their old home to America, arriving in Quincy January 31, 1834, accompanied by one daughter, Maria Anna, born in 1826, and one son, Theodore, born October 28, 1828. Michael Weltin went to farm- ing near the IMill Creek, and died December 30, 1851, while his wife lived to the age of eighty-two years. Theodore Weltin was apprenticed to a saddler and harnessmaker in Quincy, and after learning the trade later became a member of the firm of Weltin & Wilhelm, manu- QriNTT A\D ADAMS fOrXTY 291 facturers of and dealers in saddlery and harness, in which business he was engaged for many years, until he retired from active business life. Marclj 3, 1851, Tlieodore Weltin married Katberine Kun. also born in Forchheim, Baden. She preceded her husband in death in 1903, while the latter died December 15, 1907. Their children were : ilary, wife of Frederick Flaiz, died some years ago; Theresia, wife of Joseph Sohm, at this writing lives in San Francisco, California, her husband having died six years ago; Helena, wife of John Sohm in Quincy: Anna, wife of Joseph Sommers, a teacher, in St. Louis; Elizabeth Uhli, widow, in St. Louis; Louise, wife of Eugene Flaiz in Quincy; Albert Weltin, the son. who was engineer on the Wiggins Ferry at East .St. Louis, died some years ago. Maria Anna, the eldest daughter of ^Michael and Katherine (Mil- ler) Weltin. was married to Frank Werner, bom January 7, 1820, in Lautcrbach, Granddijchy of liessen, who conducted a notion store in Quincy until his death, February 23, 1869, after which the busi- nes-s wa,s conducted by the widow, who died Januarj- 24, 1901. John Stephen Weltin, born in Forchheim Augiist 15, 1830, re- mained on the Weltin farm on Mill Creek until 1865, where he died December 12, 1857 ; his son, John S. Weltin, is at present with the Tenk Hardware Company in Quincy. Joseph Adam Weltin, bom December 8, 1833, grew up and remained on the farm for many years, but later came to the city, where he engaged in the express business until his death in 1872. Sophia Weltin, born November 1, 1839, was married to John Werner, a saddler; both are dead. Charles F. Weltin, born February 28, 1843. was a hatter with the firm of Laage & Barnum, until 1861, when he moved to St. Louis, where he went into the grocerj' business, until his death, December 13, 1899. Michael Weltin, Jr., bom September 29, 1845, grew up on the Weltin farm, later came to the city, where he married Wilhelmina Flaiz, daughter of Xavier and Maria Gesina (Beratzen) Flaiz. He wa.s mailing clerk in the Quincy postoffice for about ten years. In March, 1878, he entered the Farmers Jlill, as manager of the busi- ness, which position he held until his death. May 11. 1911. The widow survives with three children, namely : Otto JI. Weltin. manager of the Farmers Mill ; I\Iathilde Weltin, bookkeeper of the farmers Mill, and Mrs. Dorothy Weltin Brown. John E. Weltin, the youngest .son of Michael and Katherine (Mil- ler) Weltin, was bom December 20, 1847, on the Weltin farm, and lattr came to the city, where he for a number of years was employed by the Palmer Bakery. Then he entered the sers'ices of H. A. Pulte, the drj- goods man ; later he worked for Hcnrj' Ridder, dealer in crockery and chinaware; for a short time he conducted a business of his own, after which he entered the services of Sohm, Rickcr & Weisenhorn, dealers in crockery and chinaware; and finally he was with the Dick Bros. Quincy Brewery. Now he has retired. In 1870 John E. Weltin married Mary Elizabeth Groeninger. of St. Louis. They have seven children : Matt Weltin, traveling ,solicitor, residing 292 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY in Carthage, Missouri; Antou "Weltin of the Weltiu Shoe Co., in Quincy; J. E. Weltin, a printer; Edith Weltin; Mrs. G. Bunte; Mi-s. J. W. Herbst, and Mrs. Clay Stivei's. Henry ilaus. born 1792 in Gross-Biberau, Grandduehy of Hessen, with his wife, JIargaret, nee Storck, in 183-4 left the fatherland for America. They came via Baltimore, finally locating in Quincy, six months after they had left the home of their childhood. With them came their daughter, Katherine, who in 1850 was married to Jacob Hirth, one of the pioueei's of this city. Six months after their arrival in Quincy Henry ]\Iaus and family moved to the country, locating on a farm six miles east of town, where he went to farming. His first wagon was a rather primitive vehicle, the wheels being sawed from the trunk of a might.y sycamore. Kegarding the experience of Henry Mans as a farmer, the following incident is interesting : A trilie of Indians, that came along one day, stole a lot of farm products from his field. Henrj^ Maus became angry and complained to the chief of the ti'ibe, who said: "That my people steal cannot be justified; I am sorry to say, we have no money to make good the damage done to you, but (pointing to a white mule, belonging to the tribe), I will give you the mule to indemnify you." Henry Maus accepted the apologj' and the offer ; ' ' and that mule, ' ' as the story runs, ' ' lived for twenty-five years afterward, and was for many years the only one of his kind in this count.y." The wife of Henry ilaus died in 1845, while he lived until 1859, having retired from active life, spending his declining years in the city. George Petrie, born April 25, 1815, in Gross-Biberau, was a stepson of Henry Mans and came with the latter in 1834, settling do^vn in this county, where he followed farm- ing for many years, finally retiring, becoming disabled by the loss of a leg. He has since died. Anton Konantz was born in the Principality of Hohenzollern in 1808, came to America in 1834 and located in Quincy. Here he mar- ried Henrietta Schepperle ; she was born in the Grandduehy of Baden in 1815 and came here with the early pioneers. Anton Konantz was a shoemaker by trade, following this calling for many years until his death in 1860, his wife dying later. William Konantz, the oldest son, born in 1841, was engaged in different business enterprises until his death some years ago. Henry Konantz, another son, was in the grocery business for many years, he died several years ago. Anton Guth was born in Herboldsheim, Baden, in 1795, and with his wife, Katherine. liee Oertle, came to Quincy in 1834. Together with the old pioneers Paul Konantz and Christian G. Dickhut he was engaged grading Maine and Hampshire streets from Third Street through the high bluff to the river front. Later he moved to the country, where he followed farming for many years. He died in 1866, survived bv his wife, who died later. The oldest son. Charles (^UIXCY AND ADAMS (OrXTV 293 Guth, born in Herboldsheim October 28, 1828, came with his parents and grew up in Quiney. When sixteen years of age, in 1844, lie accompanied his father, Anton Guth, as a member of the (Quiney Guards, a German military company under the command of Capt. John Bernhard Sehwindcler in tlic Mormon war. Charles Guth became a marble cutter, which occupation he followed for many years. lie also was a musician, and served in a militarj' band during the Civil war. He died in California several years ago. Henry Guth, born in Quiney in 1845, also was a son of Anton and Katherine (Oertle) Guth, was in the grocerj' business for a number of years and is still among the living. Joseph Guth. the youngest son, born in 1847, was assistant chief of the fire department for some years, and is living here at present. iliehael Peter, born in Riegel, Grandduchy of Baden, in 1800, with his wife, Theresia, nee Schneider, bom in Oberbergen, Baden, in 1802. came to America in 1833, where they located in Ohio, but moved to Quiney in 1834. Shortly afterward they settled down on a farm in Melrose Township, where Michael Peter followed farming until his death, September 17, 1873, his wife preceding him in death, !March 6, 1868. Agathe, the oldest daughter of Jlichael and Theresia (Schneider) Peter, was born in Germany February 27, 1829, was married in Quiney to Nicholas Kohl, the wholesale grocer, and died a number of years ago; Theresia, another daughter, also born in Ger- many, became the wife of Martin Kaltenbach, a cooper, her husband preceded her in death many years ago, while she died later. The sons of Michael and Theresia (Schneider) Peter were: Joseph, born in Germany ; Jacob, born in Ohio ; William and Charles, born in Mel- rose Township, where all grew up to manhood. Charles Peter years ago was a member of the finu of Peter & Xoth, hatters in Quiney. William Peter, born in Melrose March 6, 1840, married Emily Kaltenbach, born in Quiney October 7, 1842. Edward W. Peter, son of William and Emily (Kaltenbach) Peter, was lx)rn March 9, 1865, attended Payson High School, and was a graduate of the Gem City Business College in 1888. For twenty years he taught school in Fall Creek, Payson and Burton townships, and in 1914 was elected county treasurer of Adams County, a position which he holds at present. William Andrew Ilerlemann, with his wife and two sons, Jacob and Nicholas, and four daughters, landed in America in 1832. The family came from Gross-Biberau, Grandduchy of Hcssen, and located in Chambersburg. Pennsylvania, later they went to Pittsburgh, and finally came to Quiney in the sjjring of 1834. They soon .settled down near ^lill Creek in Melro.se Township, where they went to farming. In 1851 William Andrew Ilerlemann died of the cholera, and later his wife followed him in death. Nicholas Ilerlemann, one of the sons, born April 25, 1811, in Gross-Biberau, on August 7, 1834, married Katherine Sommermann. born Ai)ril 17. 1811, in Rheinheim, Grand- 294 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY duchy of Hessen. who came from the fatherland with the Herlemann family. Nicholas Herlemann for many years followed farming in Melrose Township, and later moved to the city, where he died August 15, 1872, while his wife lived until June 1, 1897, when she departed this life. Children living are : ilrs. Elizabeth JIarsh, Mrs. Josephine Wessels and William N. Herlemann in this city, and ^Mrs. Katherine Pfanschmidt in Chicago. Adolph Kaeltz was born in "Warsaw, the capital of Poland, April 19. 1S09. His parents being implicated in the revolution of 1830, lost all their possessions. And so Adolph Kaeltz in 1832 was induced to emigrate to America, where he landed in Baltimore : from there he proceeded to York County, Pennsylvania, and in 183-1 came to Quiney. Here he married JuUane Delabar. September 17, 1840, the first child of German parents that came to Quiney from the fatherland. Adolph Kaeltz was a carpenter by trade and for many years was engaged in this calling. He also took part in the Mormon war of 1844, as lieu- tenant of a German military company, the Quiney Guards. In later years he was engaged in the grocery business, and represented the Third Ward in the city council. Adolph Kaeltz died September 18, 1895, aged eighty-six years, while his wife preceded him in death July 18, 1895. she being born May 21. 1822, was aged seventy -three years at the time of her death. Children living are Andrew Kaeltz in Los Angeles. Cal., and ilrs. Julia Vanden Boom in Quiney. Paul Specht, born in Forehheim. Baden, in 1792, married Theresia Mast, also of Forehheim, where she was bom in 1796. being a sister of ]!ilichael ilast. the first German who located in Quiney in 1829. In 1834 they came to Quiney with one daughter. Eosina, born in Forehheim, June 6, 1825. Paul Specht died in Quiney in 1853, while his wife lived here until 1864. when she departed this life. The daughter. Rosina. in 1840 was married to Pantaleon Sohm, one of the old pioneers, who came to Quiney in 1839. Paul Specht was a weaver by trade, but did not follow this after his arrival in Quiney, having brought some money from Germany, which kept him and his wife in comfortable circumstances during life. John Stoeekle. born May 20, 1798, in Herboldsheim. Baden, and his wife Elizabeth, nee Riesterer, also born in Herboldsheim in 1795, came to Quiney in 1834, but soon settled down near Mill Creek south of the city, where they lived on a farm until 1850. Returning to the city, John Stoeekle entered the employment of John Wood, the founder of Quiney, in whose service he remained for many years, John and Elizabeth (Riesterer) Stoeekle had two daughters, both born in the old fatherland, namely: Elizabeth, who later became the wife of the old pioneer John Conrad Bangert and Antonie, who was married to the pioneer Gustav Meyer. Mi-s. John Stoeekle. nee Riesterer. died in 1870, while her husband lived to the high old age of eighty -nine years, departing this life in 1887. QUIXCY AXD ADA3I.S COl'XTY 295 Simon Glass was bom October 5. 1S12, in Diedesfeld, Bhenisfa Bavaria. In the early part of the year 1S32 he married ^largaret Liebig in Gross-Biberaa. Granddaehy of Hessen, she being a cousin of Prof. Justus Liebig, the great Grrman chemist. In the latter part of the year 1S34 Simon and ilargaret Liebig, Glass, with their little daughter, Marj- Magdalen, bom in Gross-Biberau, December — • ls33, emigrated to America, leaving via Havre on the sailing vessel Leontine for New Orleans, where they went aboard of a steamboat and arrived at St. Louis in December. There they were greeted by Jean Philip Bert, a brother-in-law. who had located in St. Louis the previous year, and then accompanied them. Continuing the trip up the river, their boat was caught in an ice drift about thirty miles from St. Louis, The two brother-in-law^ Bert and Glass, then left the boat and walked to Quiney. Later the boat was rescued from its dangerous positioo in the ice drift and was able to continue its trip to Quiney. April IS. 1835. another daughter was bom to Simon and Margaret Liebig Glass, being named Clara Elizabeth : she later became the wife of John Hermann Dnker. In 1838 the wife of Simon Glass died. Later he married Caroline Borstadt, and a daughter being bom to them, was named Julia, who later became the wife of Lambert Hoffmann. He died years ago and the widow at this writing lives at St. Vincent's Home. A son. William Glass, grew up to manhood, but died in the *70s before his father. Caroline Glass, the yotingest daughter, bom seventy-three years ago. is a member of the School Sisters of Xotre Dame and has her home in the mother house at Milwatikee. where she ee" " ' her golden jubilee as a member of that order some time ago. > -ass was quite a genius as musician, smith, plasterer, etc. He died Jolv 24, 1879. John Biickhan was bom April 1, 1600. in Spitdialtheim. Grand- duchy of Hessen. He married Maria Anna Rupp in 1526. she l>eing bom in Wuertiemberg in ISIO. Their first son. George, was bom in 1827. In 1S30 they came to America, locating at Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, where their second son, John, was bom March 2. 1S31. The family came to Quiney in 1S34, and soon afterward settled down near Mill Creek, where John Biickhan, who had been a linen weaver in the fatheriand. went to farming. When the Quiney House, the first hotel in this city, was built in 1S3S. John Biickhan came to town and worked as hod carrier on the building. On Saturday evenines he would carry his week's wages home in the shape of n-^^ ' e. money being a very scarce commodity in those days. ..iit-r- ent occasions John Blickham with his team drove to St. Louis in winter time for groceries, as the supply of the dealers in ' ; -x- hausted. In those days the pioneers — ^men. women, u, .;.„, — wore home-spun clothing, woolen goods made by themselves, they shearing the sheep, spinning the yam and weaving * John Biickhan died in 1659, while his wife survived him ii., .^is, her 296 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY death oeeurring in 1897. George Bliekhan, the son born in Germany, in later years moved to Beardstown, Illinois, where he died. John Bliekhan, Jr., who grew up on the farm in this county, gave the writer of this history much interesting information about pioneer life. In his school days he had to walk seven miles to attend school. Wagons were scarce in those days, and of a very primitive construction, the wheels being sawed from the trunks of mighty sycamores. Owing to the scarcity of wagons, sleighs were frecjuently used for hauling in the summer time. John Bliekhan, Jr., married Emma Louisa Lambur, born in Alsace in 1838, who came to Quincy when a young girl. For a number of years John Bliekhan lived in the city, where he proved himself quite a genius at different trades, as painter, smith, machinist, carpenter, plasterer, etc., building houses and doing all the work him- self. He also built a boat, propelled by an engine, using naphtha as motive power. At one time he conducted a carriage factory. John and Louisa (Lambur) Bliekhan had quite a family of chil- dren, the following still among the living at this writing: Julius Bliekhan in Kansas City, Missouri, was in the dry goods business, and has retired. Edward Bliekhan is in the installment business in Kansas City, Missouri. Dr. Alois Bliekhan, born in Quincy June 25, 1866, was educated in the schools of this city and later attended the Gem City Business College, where he completed a course. He also learned the printer's trade in the office of a job printing company, and later worked in several states. "While working at his trade in St. Joseph, ^lissouri, about 1887, he became interested in some medical works and while reading these, formed the determination to become a member of the medical fraternity. Accordingly he went to Chicago and matriculated in the Ru.sh Medical College, working in a printing office in order to pay his expenses there for two years. In 1890 he entered the Keokuk Medical College at Keokuk, Iowa, and was grad- uated from the latter institution in the spring of 1891. Prior to going to Keokuk, he was clerk in Hotel Duncan, Burlington, Iowa, and thus as a printer and hotel clerk he earned the funds necessary to meet the expenses of his college course. He now is established as a practicing physician in Quincy. October 3, 1900, he married Miss Antonine Duker, a daughter of John Hermann and Clara Elizabeth (Glass) Dnker. They have two sons, Norbert and Arthur. The other children of John and Louisa (Lambur) Bliekhan were : Albert Bliek- han, blacksmith, in Kansas City, Missouri ; Otto Bliekhan, upholsterer, in Kansas City, Missouri ; Oscar, lecturer in medical colleges, St. Louis, Missouri ; Raymond, in a notion business. New York City. And two daughters: Mrs. A. B. Wells in New York City; and Miss Mathilda Bliekhan, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Jean Philip Bert, born in Haan, near Darmstadt, Grandduchy of Hessen, December 28, 1804, was among the early pioneers who came to Quincy in 1834. He was a descendant of the Huguenots, who. (,triN"(V AXI) ADA.MS COUNTY 297 being persecuted in Franec, I'oiuul refuge ami new lionies in different parts of Germany, where they founded settlements and lived accord- ing to their tenets. These settlements proved beneficial to Germany, as new industries were brought to that country by the French refugees, who had been persecuted in their own country. Jean Philip Bert's parents were Jean Louis and Katherine (Bermond) Bert of Kohrbach, Germany, who in the course of time moved to Ilaan, where their son was boru, as stated above. Ilaan, Rohrbach and Wenbach were three suburban towns of Darmstadt, the capital of the Grandduchy of Hessen. In 182^ Jean Philip Bert married Elizabeth Barbara Liebig, born in Gross-Bilierau, in 1808, and a cousin of the great German chemist, Prof. Justus Liebig. In 1832 they crossed the Atlantic, and landed at Baltimore, from where they proceeded to Hagerstown, ^laryland, and in 1833 moved westward, part of the way overland, part of the way by river, coming dovm the Ohio and then up the Mississippi to St. Louis, where they remained until the next year, when Simon Glass, a brother-in-law, with his wife and little daughter arrived by boat, and were greeted by Jean Philip Bert, who accompanied them up stream, intending to locate in Quiney. Thirty miles north of St. Louis the boat was caught in a drift of ice and could not go any farther. Jean Philip Bert and Simon Glass then left the boat, declar- ing that they would make their way to Quiney afoot. "When they got to the place known as Marion City, where they had intended to stop over night, and Bert learned that it was a slave-mart, where human beings were bought and sold, he declared he would not tarry in such a town, and so they walked over the ice of the Mississippi and made their way to Quiney, where they remained. Later the boat with the family of Simon Glass on board was rescued from its dangerous posi- tion in the ice drift and came to Quiney. Jean Philip Bert, who in the meantime had decided to locate here, purchased a lot on Fourth Street, between Elaine and Jersey streets, where he had a four-room house erected. Being a tailor by trade he opened a merchant tailoring establishment. Beside this there were three other tailor shops in Quiney in 1835, one of them conducted by Louis Cosson, probably of ancient Celtic extraction, who had bought out Jlichad Mast, another by H. B. Swartz (Schwartz), and one by S. Leaehman. Jean Philip Bert died in 1860 and his wife in 1875. J. Philip Bert, the oldest son of Jean Philip and Elizabeth Bar- bara (Liebig) Bert, was bom in Gross-Biberau. December 28, 1829, came to Quiney with his parents, grew up in this city, was educated in the schools of the town and learned the tailor's trade from his father. In the course of time he married Fannie S. Brown. After the death of his father he continued the tailoring business until 1900, when he retired from Inisiness. Some years ago lie died, while his wife is still among the living. Jean Philip and Elizabeth Barbara ( Liebig i Mcrt had a daughter born to them in N'lpvcinbcr. 18:53. while ihcv were still at sea on board 298 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of the sailing vessel Leontine. This daughter was named Leontine after the vessel on board of which they spent eleven weeks crossing the Atlantic, reaching Baltimore in December. Leontine grew to womanhood in Quiney and in the course of time became the wife of Frederick J. Reinecker, for many years prominent as contractor and builder. John L. Bert, the second son of Jean Philip and Elizabeth Bar- bara (Liebig) Bert, was born in St. Louis April 7, 1835, and was brought to Quiney by his mother when three months old, on July 4th of said j-ear. He grew up iu Quiney, acquired his education in public and private schools, and when fourteen years of age entered night school to prepare himself for the business world by learning bookkeeping. He then accepted a position as clerk in a dry goods store. Later entering the employ of Henry Root, he remained with him until 1865, wlien the latter sold his business to the newly organ- ized firm of Shinn, Bert & Hill ; still later, after the death of ;\Ir. Shinn the firm continued as Bert & Hill, until in 1871 Mr. Bert bought Mr. Hill's interest, conducting the carpet business for years until he finally retired. In 1860 John L. Bert married Mary E. Fox, a daughter of Oliver H. Fox, a farmer who came to Adams County from j\Iassaehusetts in 1838. One son, Harry Leon, was liorn to them June 9, 1863 ; he in the course of time married Nannie Wil- liams, who died March, 1903, leaving three children: Mary, now Mrs. Neal Monroe, Elizabeth and Archie. John L. Bert died Jan- uary 21, 1918. Other children of Jean Philip and Elizabeth Barbara (Liebig) Bert were: Emilie, who was married to William Abel, March 27, 186-1, and died five years ago. George Oswald Bert, who became a machinist, served in the Tenth Illinois Infantry during the Civil war, and later married Caroline Tribbe; his wife died many years ago, while he is still among the living, also a daughter, Lillian, the wife of Edward Donahue, in Quiney. Christian Bert, who served in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry during the Civil war, is a music teacher, and married Sophronia Worth ; he, with his wife, resides in Parkinson, Indiana. Daniel Bert, the youngest son of Jean Philip and Elizabeth Barbara (Liebig) Bert, for many years with his brother, John L. Bert, is at present living in Quiney, re- maining single. Adam Schmitt was born Septeml)er 25, 1805, in Georgheim on the Bergstrasse, Grandduehy of Hessen, and came to America in 1831, landing at Baltimore. From there he went to Chambersburg, Penn- sylvania, where he followed his trade as a cabinetmaker at $1 per day. In the year following he married Marie Margai'et Herlemann, born in Gross-Biberau, Grandduehy of Hessen, August 12, 1808, who had come to America with her parents, Mr. and ]\Irs. William Andrew Herlemann, in 1832. Later the family moved to Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, where Adam Schmitt erected a furniture factory, which QCIXCY AND ADAMS COUXTY 299 was destroyed hy fire. Having lost almost everytliiiig, Adam Se-hmitt and the Herlemann family decided to go west. The party, consisting of fifteen persons, came down the Ohio and up the ilississippi River by boat, landing at St. Louis, from where they went overland to Belleville, Illinois, where relatives of the Herlemann family lived. Then Adam Sehmitt and William Diekhut, who had accompanied the party from Pittsburgh, started out afoot looking for a suitable place to settle down. They came to what now is St. Charles, Jlissouri, but did not like the surroundings. Wandering to the shore of the Mis- sissippi, they hailed a boat northward bound and came to Quiney, at that time a town of several hundred inhabitants. Adam Sehmitt rented a loghouse at Third and Hampshire streets, with one room on the ground floor and one room above under the roof, to which the denizens had to ascend by means of a ladder. Returning to St. Louis with the next boat, Adam Sehmitt went to Belleville and lirought the party, consisting of fifteen persons, to Quiney, where all had to accommodate themselves to that loghouse with the two apartments. This was in April, 1834. William Andrew Herlemann, the father-in- law of Adam Sehmitt, soon afterward took his family to the country, where they settled down near Mill Creek in Melrose. Adam Sehmitt soon acquired a piece of ground at Tenth and Broadway, where he erected a dwelling and a workshop, and began to make furniture. In this workshop the first mass was read in Quiney by a Catholic missionary, Adam Sehmitt at that time being Catholic, while his wife and her family were Lutherans. Later he erected a brick building on Fourth Street, between Maine and Jersey streets. Finally he located on Hampshire, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, where he conducted a furniture store until he retired from business. Adam Sehmitt died in 1885, while his wife departed this life in 1889. Adam and Marie Margaret (Herlemann) Sehmitt had three sons, who became prominent, especially during the Civil war. John Adam Sehmitt, born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1833, assisted his father in business until the Civil war broke out. when he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, being elected as sec- ond lieutenant, and serving nearly three veal's, when he was severely wounded at the Battle of Missionary Ridge and received an honorable discharge as first lieutenant. Later he went west, locating at Helena, Montana, where he still lives. GeX. WiLLLMI A. SCHMITT William A. Sehmitt, born in Quiney, June 30, 1839, at the begin- ning of the Civil war rallied to the first call of President Lincoln, serving three months as first sergeant of Company E, Tenth Illinois Infantry. Then he came home and recruited Company A, a German company, of the Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, being elected as captain of the company, serving through the whole war, and taking 300 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY part in all the engagements of the regiment. At the Battle of ]Mur- freesboro, Tennessee, the Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry suffered heavy losses. Roberts, the commander of the brigade, fell, also Colonel Harrington, commander of the Twenty-seventh, consequently William A. Sehmitt, who then was major of the regiment, had to assume com- mand. He soon saw that in following the retreating enemy, the troops under his command had gotten into ambush. To save his men, he gave orders to retreat, which was carried out successfully. When they reached the headquarters of General Rosecrans at the Murfrees- boro and Nashville Pike, their ammunition was exhausted. To save ^ the headquarters, a bayonet charge was ordered, the enemy repulsed and thus the day saved for the Union army. General Rosecrans issued a general order the next day, especially thanking those men for their bravery. At the close of the war William A. Sehmitt received an honorable discharge as brevet brigadier general. After the war Gen. William A. Sehmitt held a position in the postal department in Quincy for a number of years, and later moved to Chicago, where he held a similar position until his death fourteen years ago. Philip Leonard Sehmitt, the youngest son of Adam and Marie Margaret (Herlemann) Sehmitt, born in Quincy in 1845, also served in the Union army during the Civil war, enlisting in the One Hun- dred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry, which, pursuant to a call of President Lincoln, was organized and mustered into service June 5, 1864, to serve for 100 days. Ex-Governor John Wood, the founder of Quincy, was colonel of the regiment. Philip Leonard Sehmitt was selected as corporal of Company A. After the war he removed west and died in Denver, Colorado, four years ago. One daughter of Adam and Marie Margaret (Herlemann) Sehmitt is living in Quincy, Mrs. Mary L. Miller, wife of George F. Miller, for many years in business, now retired. The Pfanschmidt family was among the early pioneers of this county, and their historj' is very interesting, as the established records of the family date back to the Thirty Years' war. In January, 1901, the writer of this narrative called on Mrs. Johanna M. Jansen, widow of the early pioneer Frederick William Jansen, for information about the Pfanschmidt family, she being one of the descendants. Mrs. Jansen had in her possession some of the old pewter ware, made by her ancestors in former centuries. The name originally was written Pfannenschmidt, designating the trade they followed, namely, making pans, plates, cups, pitchers, teapots, etc., out of pewter and other metal. Mrs. Jansen also had a book, published in Berlin in 1896, by some members of the family in that city, giving a complete history of the family. From this book the writer gleaned the following data : Andreas Pfannenschmidt lived during the Thirty Years' war in Eickendorf near Kalbe on the River Saale. He was a judge of the court and also a farmer. His son bore the same name as the father, was a master of his trade and as such became a citizen of Kalbe. The (^riXrV ANO ADA.M.S CorXTV :^0l graiulsoii (pf tlie first ineiitioiioil Andreas Pfaiiiioiiscluniclt was Ixn-ii in Kallie April Vi, 1759, received tiie name Cliristian Frederick, and changed his family name to Pfannschmidt. Later he moved to Erfurt, where he married Carolina Rosina Reinliardt, the daughter of a master coppersmith. On February 21, 1791, a sou was boru to them, who was named Ciiristiau Henry Philip. Christian Frederick Pfann- sehmidt transferred liis business to ^Muehlhausen, Thuringia. Here the name was changed to Pfansehmidt. Gottfried Sebastian Pfansehmidt, born October 26, 1792, in Muchl- Imusen, was a tanner by trade. For three years he served in Gen- eral Blueeher's army, and fought in the battles of Leipzig and Water- loo. He married Eva Elizabeth Klcinschmidt, born in iluehlhausen, February 22, 1794. In 183-1 the family came to America, landing at Baltimore. From there they traveled overland by wagon, crossing the Allegheny ^lountains. In Pittsburgh they were detained for thirteen weeks, until the Ohio River was open to navigation in the spring. They then traveled by boat down the Oliio and up the Mis- sissippi to St. Louis, where the children remained until the parents found a suitable place to locate. Arriving in Quiney December 1, 1834, the place made a favorable impression on ilrs. Pfansehmidt. and .so they .settled here. The children were sent for and by Christmas all the members of the famil.y were in Quiney, where they remained during the winter, which was a very severe one, making their home in an old frame house on the bluff, west of Third Street. In the fol- lowing spring Gottfried Sebastian Pfansehmidt acquired 160 acres of land from the Government seven miles east of the city near Jlill Creek, in Ellington Towniship, where he settled down and went to farming, ploughing the land with oxen. In the course of time he became very successful as farmer. Gottfried Sebastian Pfansehmidt died in Quiney, April 8, 1847. while his wife lived thirty years longer, her death occurring June 2, 1877. The children of Gottfried Sebastian and Eva Elizabeth (Klcin- schmidt) Pfansehmidt were: ^larie Elconore, born in ^luelilliausen, Januarj' 12, 1819, died in Quiney September 25, 1835; Emilie Pauline, the first wife of the pioneer Frederick "William Jansen. died in Quiney July 10, 1851; Herman Christian, born in iruelilhausen March 8, 1825. followed farming, residing on the home farm until 1884, when he retired, moving to Quiney in 1884. His wife was Charlotte, nee Meise, born in Germany ilareh 19, 1826, and came to Adams County with her parents, who were among the early pioneers; December 10, 1847. .she was married to Herman Christian Pfansehmidt. Their chil- dren were: Edward, merchant in Chicago; William, who witii bis brother George remained on the home farm ; Pauline, the wife of J. Louis Pfau of Chicago: Laura: Mrs. Williain Hirtb; and Ottilia, who died in her infancy. Herman Christian Pfansehmidt died in Quiney April 18, 1899, his wife died in Chicago October 21, 1898. Johanna Mathilde Pfansehmidt, born in Jfuehlhausen Sejitember 25, 1829, came to Quiney in 1834 with her parents, and in the course 302 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of time was married to Frederick William Jansen, one of the pioneers of Qnincy, who preceded her in death in 1871. She died about ten years ago. Charles Christopher Pfanschmidt, born in Muehlhausen, January 31, 1831, the youngest son of Gottfried Sebastian and Eva Elizabeth (Kleinschmidt) Pfanschmidt, grew up on the home farm. When twenty years of age he came in possession of eighty acres of his father's farm, and later acquired more land, being very successful as farmer. He married Mary Limb, born in England in 1833, daughter of James and Anna (Todd) Limb, who came to this county in 1839, locating on a farm in Ellington. Charles Christopher and Anna (Limb) Pfanschmidt, who both have departed this life, had ten children : Henry, Charles A. and Fred Pfanschmidt, sons, and Mrs. Louisa Knollenberg, Mrs. Hannah Niekamp, Mrs. Clara Ebert, ]\Irs. Mary Geisel, Mrs. Elizabeth Petrie, Mrs. Ida Cook and Minnie Pfan- schmidt, daughters. John Philip Schanz, born in the year 1800 in Lichtenberg, Grand- duchy of Hessen, and his wife, Dorothea, nee Merker, born in Gross- Biberau, Grandduehy of Hessen, emigrated to America in 1830, locat- ing in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. In 1834 they came to Quincy and soon settled near Mill Creek, where they went to farming. John Philip Schanz was a powerful man, of extraordinary strength, as the writer of this narrative was repeatedly assured years ago by persons who were neighbors of the man, having knowni him for years, and thus had an opportunity to form his intimate acquaintance. Accord- ing to the statements of eye witnesses, John Philip Schanz could lift up a barrel of cider, drink out of the bunghole, and then place the barrel in a wagon, the endgate having been taken out. One day Henry Sehuchmann, a farmer living near Mill Creek, was hauling a load of wood to town, his wagon was mired in the road, when John Philip Schanz came along, put his shoulder under the rear axle and raised the wagon with the wood up out of the rut, so that Sehuchmann could proceed with his team. One evening at dusk, while John Philip Schanz was walking along the bottom road south of Quincy, he was met by a bear, that came from the jungle. Bruin rising up on his hind feet, while Schanz retreated behind a tree to escape the embrace of the beast; the bear at the same time with his paws reached around the tree, not much more than a sapling, when Schanz, under the spur of the moment, grabbed the bear's paws, holding them with his vise-like grip ; several friends, who happened to come along the road about at that time, came to the resciie of Schanz, and found that both paws of the bear were broken. A very severe storm passed over the Mill Creek region one da.y, raising the roof off the log cabin of George Philip Beilstein, who lived near the creek, the roof being shoved out of place. Beilstein appealed to his neighbors for help, to put the roof back into its former position ; among the eight men that came was John Philip Schanz, and while seven men lifted one end of the roof, Schanz alone QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 303 raised the other end. The foregoing arc only a few of the instances as they were related many years ago, proving the herculean strength of the man. The wife of John Philip Schanz having died in 1845, he in 1848 married the widow Henrietta Ilellerinann, nee Letz, of Muehlhausen, Thuringia. He died in 1854, and his second wife talso died many years ago. Henry Schanz, the eldest son of John Philip and Dorothea (ilerker) Schanz, was born in 1844, and grew up on the home place near Mill Creek. When the Civil war broke out, he enlisted in Company A, the German company of tiie Twenty-.seventh Illinois Infantry, in which he served for three years, taking part in the many battles, in which his regiment was engaged. At the Battle of Stone River he was struck on the head liy the fragment of a shell and left for dead on the battlefield, but later regaining consciousness, fell into the hands of the enemy; being paroled, he soon was exchanged, returned to his regiment and served until his term of enlistment expired, when he was elected as first lieutenant of Company H, Forty-third Illinois Infantry, an entirely German regiment. After the war Henry Schanz married Anna Jansen, daughter of one of the pioneers of Adams County. They live on their farm near Mill Creek at present. Wil- liam Schanz. the youngest son of John Philip Schanz, lives in Quincy, he being a cigarmakcr by occupation. Two daughters of John Philip and Dorothea (Merker) Schanz, who were bom in this county, were married to pioneers, the eldest to Frederick Pfciffer, a farmer near ilill Creek, the other to Arnold Michels, a contractor and builder in Quincy. Philip Amen, born 1809 in the Grandduchy of Ilessen, and his wife, Magdalen, nee Hagen, also born in the Grandduchy of Hessen, 1817, came to Adams County in 1834, where they went to farming in JIcKee Township, living on the farm for forty years, until the death of Mrs. Amen in 1885, her husband departing this life in 1886. Frank Amen, a son of Philip and Magdalen (Ilagen) Amen, was horn March 10, 1843, in McKee Township. He married Marie Gruber, born in 1850 in the principality of Kurhessen, who came to this county with her parents in 1852, her mother dying in 1875. her father in 1883. Lawrence Amen, a .son of Frank and Magdalen (Hagen) Amen, is at present coroner of Adams County. John Frederick Steinbeck, born March 28, 1811, in Osnatmieck, Hanover, was a cooper by trade and came to this country in 1831, where he married Louisa Barbara Roff, born in "V\'uerttcml)erp, Ger- many, October 20, 1815. In 1834 they came to I'rsa Township in this county, where they at first lived on Lemuel Frazier's farm. 2iA miles southeast of the Village of Ursa. Later Mr. .Steinbeck bought a farm at Ursa, containing about 250 acres, which he cultivated. He also conducted a cooper shop, and employed as many as sixteen men at a 304 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY time, making pork barrels for C. M. Pomeroy, the pork packer in Quiney. In the fall of 1862 John Frederick Steinbeck packed many barrels of apples, and also prepared a big amount of applebutter, which he stored in C. M. Pomeroy 's pork house during the winter, to be sent south in the spring of 1863, and it must have been a large amount, for the freight bill was $1,800. Taking everything into con- sideration, there was a great risk connected with the venture, the uncertainty of navigation oji the Mississippi, etc. The shipment was intended for Vicksburg, where General Grant at that time had an army of 71,000 men ; the actual siege of the city began May 18, 1863, and on July 4th the place surrendered. "When Steinbeck's shipment finally arrived at its destination, Grant's army had left for other fields, and the goods spoiled on account of the hot weather, causing a great loss. John Frederick Steinbeck died March 14, 1878, and his wife followed him in death, April 12, 1902. The children of John Frederick and Louisa Barbara (Roff) Steinbeck were: Mrs. Elizabeth Montgomery, who died several years ago near Joplin, Missouri ; Joseph Ludwig Steinbeck, in Mendon, Missouri; James Steinbeck, who served in the Sixteenth Illinois In- fantry during the Civil war, after which he settled down in Missouri, and in 1876 was killed by a man by the name of Winton; Louisa, wife of Joseph Ralph, Mendon, I\Iissouri ; Frederick William Stein- beck, who from 1897 until 1903 was postmaster at LTrsa, and at present resides in Quiney; Christiane Adelheid, wife of William Hendry, Mai-yville, Mi.ssouri ; Alexander David Steinbeck, proprietor of a sheep ranch at Burdette, Colorado ; Mary Catherine, wife of Rev. William Blancke, Lutheran minister in Davenport, Iowa ; and John Frederick Steinbeck, in Le Grande, Oregon. Damian Hauser, born September 27, 1803, in Constance, or Kost- nitz. City of Baden, on the Lake of Constance, came to America in 1833, landing at New Orleans, locating in Quiney in 1834. His first wife, Katherine Groninger, was boim in Amoltern, Baden, and died after a number of years of wedded life. Later he married Juliane Steinagel, born in the Grandduchy of Hessen, who came to Quiney in the early '40s. Damian Haaser in the course of time became prom- inent in public life; he served as registrar and receiver of the United States landoffice in Quiney, and was repeatedly elected as harbor- master, during a period when trafSe on the upper Mississippi was very lively and the office of great importance. In the Mormon war he served as lieutenant. Damian Hauser was an intimate friend of Stephen A. Douglas, who often was a guest at his home. For many years he conducted a store at Front and Maine streets, and furnished all kinds of supplies for steamboats. In 1874 he moved to Denver, Colorado, where he died June 24, 1895, while his wife followed him in death June 12, 1901. Two sons, Damian and John, moved to Chicago, while another son, George, located in Silver City, New Mexico. Three Ql'IXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 305 dauglitei-s, Mrs. J. Q. Xavlor, ilrs. A. tJ. Ilood and Miss Julia Ilauscr, all made their home in Denver, Colorado. Christian Ruoff. horn in Stuttgart, Wuerttemborg, a descendant of Huguenots, wlio were persecuted in France and found refuge in Germany, came to this country in 1834. On the sailing vessel which brought him to this country, he became acquainted with Franciska Mast, born in Forchheim, Baden, and later married her in Quincy. For a number of years he was in business in this city, and in 1844 took part in the Mormon war. During the "gold fever" of 1849 Christian Ruoti' went overland to California, where he located, and his family followed him in 1852. He conducted a sawmill in California, and, while swimming across the American River on horseback, con- tracted a cold, causing an ailment which terminated in death the latter part of the '50s. The family lived in Petaluma and Stockton, Cali- fornia. Mrs. Ruoflf died eighteen years ago. One son, John Ruoff, conducted a general store at Fort Ross on the Pacific, where two daughters, Marie and Franciska, also made their home. Settlers of 1835 Among the early German pioneers of Quiney was John Hobrecker, for many years an inhabitant of this city. The history of his family reads like a romance. His father, John Casper Hobrecker, born in the year 1772 in Hamm. Westphalia, was a machinist by trade and came to America at the beginning of the last century. Landing in New York, he soon made the acquaintance of Robert Fulton, the builder of the first serviceable steamboat, the Clermont, and the two men became intimate friends, which may be accounted for by the fact that John Casper Hobrecker was an expert mechanic and machinist. When Fulton in 1807 made the first really successful long voyage by steam up the Hudson, he asked Hobrecker to accompany him. John Casper Hobrecker served in the War of 1812 against the British. After that war he returned to his home in Westphalia, where he in 1816 met Mary Ann Stephenson and married her. She was born in Sunderland, County of Durham, England, and was a niece of George Stephenson of Newcastle, the builder of the first railroad in England. John Hobrecker and Chief Keokuk John Hobrecker, the son, who gave the facts related here to the writer of this narrative, was born in Hamm, Westphalia, in 1817. In 1833 John Casper Hobrecker decided to come to America for the second time, accompanied by his son John, landing at Baltimore in Jul}-, where they saw President Andrew Jackson riding along the street on horseback. Leaving Baltimore, they cro.ssed the Alleghenies by wagon to Pittsburgh, where they boarded a steamboat, going down the Ohio, up the Mississippi and the Illinois rivers to Beardstown, V.M. I— 20 306 QrXSTY AXD Al»A3IS COrXTY at tiat lime a prceperoTis piae^, o-sring to the lixelv rirer trame pre- Tailing in liiose dajs. Then Ther went oTcrland to Hancock County, Illinois. Tria-e tier located at Dallas, settling down on eigitv acres of land, irideh John Casper Hohreeker had aeqnired. There it was where jher first eame in e-cmta':-! with Indians, abont which John Hohreeker naade the following interesring statement: "At Dallas I had the hcaior to make the aeqnaintanee of Ke-Dkuk. the famons chief i»x The Sae and Fox Indians, who with his four wit^, his danghter Sus-Ka-Zee, and twenty Draxes. had started on a jonmey to Tisit the GreaT "Whit-r Father in "Washingron. The partj had gone into eamp at Dallas for a short time, and father and I were allowed to sleep in the wigwam of Chief Keoknk for a week, while we were building onr lc« eaMn. The Tn dians earried many sc-alj^ attached to their b'dts. beddes other trciphies. Being vonng and of a romantic disposi- tion. I t-ook a greaT interest in those Indians. esp>eeiallTr in Sns-Ka-Zee. the diief's dan^ter. a beaatinil girl of eighteen sammeis. confessed my lore to her and asked her to -mar ry me She referred z:r :: her faiher, the ehie£ "It was on a Stmday moming. when the chief and his braves were oigaged in play. A ninnber of marbles were rolled in a hollow pagqAin and then thrown out on a c-arpet spread on the ground, CTWilar to throwing dice, eonsiderable Mlarity prevailing during the gaioe. Thai I annmiHied up sameieit courage to ask Chief Keokuk f» his dxa^sbET. He looked at the matter from a business stand- point, asking how many farms, horses and oxen I possessed. I pointed to the highly acres of land my father owned. But this did not SBEsa. to appeal to tlie chief, for he demanded eight hinidred dollars in ea^ and as tiie idMde amount of my eash consisted ' and Rosina (Ruff) Grimm, learned the boiler maker's trade and for many years conducted a boiler works in this city, which after his death was conducted by his sons. Henry J.. William T. and Louis Grimm. Other children of Henry and Rosina (Ruff) Grimm were: Charles and Casper, sons, and Rosina and Lucy, daughters. 310 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY John Schell, born in Erbweiler, Rhenish Bavaria, 1787, learned the blacksmith's trade. Then he served under Napoleon the First for eleven years. During the latter 's campaign in Spain John Schell was taken prisoner by the enemy. The Spaniards treated him in a brutal manner, only releasing him under the condition that he enlist in the British army. Although this went against the grain with John Schell, he complied with the conditions, and the British sent him to Canada, where he served three years. Being released, he returned to his home in Bavaria. In 1817 John Schell married Bar- bara Zwick, who was born in Bruchweiler, Rhenish Bavaria, April 4, 1799. A daughter being born to them, May 2, 1819, she was named Appolonia, and in 1838 became the wife of John A. Roth in Quincy. One son, John, was born to John and Barbara (Zwick) Schell, June 25, 1821, in Dann, Rhenish Bavaria. Later John Schell, Sr., went to Havre, France, where he resided for seven years, as overseer and superintending the transfer of freight to and from the ships. During that period, in the year 1830, a son was born to them who was named Peter. In Havre it was where John Schell, Sr., became acquainted with the great American author, Washington Irving. The latter took a fancy to the little son, John, whom he took along to New York, the father consenting. But the boy's mother became uneasy about her son and so John Schell, Sr., had to take a special trip to New York, to bring the boy back. In those daj's trips aci'oss the ocean required many weeks, and when John Schell arrived in New York, he learned that Washington Irving was on his return trip to Havre with the boy. John Schell, Sr., and family came to America in 1831, locating in New York City. There a daughter was born to them November 25, 1833 ; she was named Philippine, and later was married to John Schwietring, a molder, in Quincy; her husband died many years ago, while she is still living, with the following sons : John, Edward, George, Rome and Frederick Sweetring, the name having been changed some to conform with the English pronunciation; and two daughters, Cecelia, wife of John Worth, and Edith, widow of Charles Foster, live in this city. In 1835 John Schell and family left New York for the west, coming by way of Buffalo, New York, then across Lake Erie to Cleveland, Ohio, thence by canal to the Ohio River, by boat down this river and up the Mississippi to Quiney. Here another daughter was born to John and Barbara (Zwick) Schell, Marie Anna, who in the course of time became the wife of Casper Jenner, a stonecutter. And another son, George, was born in Quiney in 1839. John Schell, Sr., together with Simon Glass, conducted a smith-shop at Sixth and Kentucky streets. In later years he became city weigh-master, and had charge of the city scales at the old market house. Third and Hampshire streets. Feb- ruary 15, 1864, John Schell died, aged seventy-seven years, while his widow lived for many years, departing this life in 1891, at the high old age of ninety-two years. John Schell, Jr., the eldest son of John and Barbara (Zwick) QUIN'CY AXU AUAMS COUNTY 311 St'hell, born Jum' 2.'). 1S21, became prominent iu public life in Quincy. Ue served in the German Guards during the Mormon war, repre- sented the Sixth Ward iu the city council for three years iu succession, 1857, 1858 and 1859, also served as justice of the i)eacc. For many years lie was prominent in business, conducting a distillery north of the city. His wife was Cecelia Suppiger. born May 2, 1822, in Sursee, Canton Luzerne, Switzerland. John Schell, Jr., died December 25, 1875, and his wife lived until August 2, 1897, when she departed this life. Two daughters survive. Miss Cecelia Schell, for many years a music teacher, at pz'csent in the Anna Brown Home, and Miss Emilie Schell, for a number of years teacher iu the public schools; also three sons, Edward Schell, Los Angeles, California, Irving Schell, Chicago, Illinois, anil William Schell, St. Louis, ilissouri. Peter Schell, born in Havre, France, came to Quincy with his parents. Here he married Sophia Sanders, who was born iu Germany eighty-two years ago, and came to this city with her sister, ilrs. Joseph Aschcmann, early in life. Peter Schell died fifty-nine years ago. The widow is still among the living, and one son, Peter Schell, member of the firm of Schell & Kroner, tinners and sheet metal workers. George Schell, born in Quincy in 1839, grew up in this city, where he for years conducted teaming, became prominent in public life and was elected as street commissioner. In 1860 he married Anna Marie Ertel, who was born in Xeuburg on the Rhine in 1839, and had come to Quincy with her parents. George and Elizabeth (Zoller) Ertel, in 1849, when she was ten j-ears of age. George Schell died about thirty-eight years ago, his widow surviving him. Besides Mrs. Schell the following children arc among the living: George, in Kansas City, ilissouri ; Frank, employed in the gas works ; Edward, in the fire department ; William, teamster, and Anna Schell, all iu Quincy. William Diekhut, born April 10. 1809, in Muehlhausen, Thuringia, emigrated in 1832, coming to America, where he located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1834 he came west with the Pfaiisehmidt family, looking for a place to settle down, accompanying them to Quincj'. Returning to Pittsl)urgh, he there married Catherine M. Wcngert, who was born in Sperlbach, near Landau, Bavaria, Jlay 27, 1814. Soon after their marriage in 1835 the couple came to Quincy, settling down here for life. William Diekhut was a glazier by trade, and established the first factory for the maiiui'ac-ture of sash, doors and blinds in this town; he also opened the first lumber yard in Quincy. In later years he was one of the foundei*s and main stockholder of a large saw- mill on the bay north of the city. September 8, 1892, William Dick- hut died, and his wife followed him in death July 21, 1893. The children of William and Catherine (Weiigert) Diekhut were: Henry E. Diekhut, who was associated in business with his father and now lives in Chicago; Edward C. Diekhut, was manager of the Quincy Lumber Co., and died throe years ago; Philip L. Diekhut, who is in the real estate business in Quincy. Daughtei-s were: Anna, wife of 312 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Frederick Wilms, for many years president of the Wabash Coal Co. ; they now reside in Los Angeles, California ; and ^liss Caroline Dickhut in Quiney. • John Kinkel, born June 7, 1796, in Dodenau, Grandduchy of Hes- sen, married Louisa Feisel, born in the same town in 1802. In March, 1835, they left their old home and came to America, arriving in Quiney August 26th of the same year. Like many immigrants in those days, John Kinkel. and family settled near Mill Creek, following farming until 1860, in which year he died, his wife departing this life in 1875. John Kinkel, Jr., the oldest son of John and Louisa (Feisel) Kinkel, was born in the fatherland in 1824, and came to Quiney with the family in 1835. He grew up on the farm and later came to town, where he married Mary Christine Stork, born June 18, 1831, in the Grandduchy of Hessen, who came to America in early days, locating near Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois. In 1849 she came to Quiney, where she met John Kinkel, Jr., and was married to him. John Kinkel, Jr., for many years was in business in Quiney at Fourth and Broadway, where he conducted a grocery, a tavern and wagon- yard. He died in 1895, and his wife departed this life in 1900. One daughter and one son survive. The daughter is Mrs. Emilia Stewart, wife of Nathaniel Stewart, switchman of the C, B. & Q. Railroad; the son is Charles Alfred Kinkel, also a switchman of the C, B. & Q. Railroad. William Kinkel, also a son of John and Louisa (Feisel) Kinkel, grew up on the farm and later came to Quiney, where he was active in the sewing machine business. He married Elizabeth Goebel of this county, her parents being among the early pioneers who came to America from the Grandduchy of Hessen. William Kinkel afterward moved to St. Louis, where he was engaged in business until his death about twelve years ago; his wife also departed this life many years ago. Caroline Kinkel, a daughter of John and Louisa (Feisel) Kinkel, became the wife of J. Henry Fisher, and died in 1915. Sophia Kinkel, another daughter, was married to George Hoefiin, with whom she went to Kansas, where both died years ago. George ]Merker, born in 1808, in Gross-Biberau, Grandduchy of Hessen, learned to be a tailor in his home town, where he married Barbara Wendel, also born in Gross-Biberau in 1809. The couple emigrated in 1830, coming to America, locating in Charabersburg, Pennsylvania, where George Merker conducted a tailor shop, em- ploying seven journeymen tailors. In 1835 George and Barbara (Wendel) ilerker came west with two children, John and Elizabeth, born in Pennsylvania, and located in Quiney. Owing to impaired health, George Merker gave up tailoring and went to farming, settling near Mill Creek. In 1867 he departed this life, and his wife followed him in death in 1868. Four children were born to George and Bar- bara (Wendel) Merker in this county, Catharine, Philip, Nicholas, and Anna. John Merker married Henrietta Wagner, a daughter of gi'lXCV AND ADA.MS (OfNTY 3l:J Christian Wagner, one of the pioneers, who eanie from the Principal- ity of Waldeck, Uerniany, and was among the early residents of Adams County. John Merker followed fanning in Melrose Township until his death early in the '70s. George J. Merker, a son of John and Henrietta (Wagner) Merker, was horn in Melrose, February 5, 1855. He grew up on the farm, helped his father, and later married Anna O. Spitze, born in Warsaw, Illinois. The family resides on the farm, in close proximity to the city, and has prospered, raising fruits and vegetables. Philip and Nicholas Merker, sons of George and Barbara ( Wendcl) ilerker, both followed fanning in Melrose Township, but only Nicholas is among the living, Philip having died many years ago. Nicholas ilerker was born March 27, 1842, grew up to manhood, and in 1865 married Elizabeth Voth. a native of Gennany. She died years ago. Two sons, Fred and Harvey Merker, conduct a general store at See- horn, and one daughter was married to Henry Griep, a farmer mar Taylor, Jlissouri. where Nicholas Merker makes his home. Sebastian Oesterle was born in 1808 in Wintersdorf, Baden, where he learned the tailor's trade. In 1829 he left his home town as a journeyman, working at his trade in a number of places. Finally he came to New Orleans, where he met Justine Brodbeck, born in 1814 in Kretzingen, Baden. In 1835 they came to Quincy, wliere they were married in 1836. Sebastian Oesterle died in 1860, while his widow lived for many more years, departing this life in 1889. Joseph, the oldest son of Sebastian and Justine (Brodbeck) Oesterle, born January 6, 1837, grew up in this city and for many years was chief of the fire department. He died in 1891, the name having been changed to Esterly. Peter Esterly, the second son, also grew up to manhood, and during the Civil war served as musician in the Tenth Illinois Infantry. John Esterly, another son, grew up in Quincy and served as musician in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry during the Civil war. George Schultheis. born October 6, 1811, in JIarjoss. Principality of Hessen, learned the shoemaker's trade and left his home town April 18, 1833, emigrating to America, where he landed at Baltimore July 2d of the same year. September 14, 1835, he came to Quincy, where he later met and married Magdalena Wcngert ; she was born in Sperlbach, Bavaria, November 23, 1816, came to America in 1833, and located in Quincy April 14, 1837. George Schultheis for nuiny j'ears followed his trade and finally conducted a shoe store in Quincy. He departed this life August 17, 1893, his wife preceding him in death February 11, 1883. Children of George and Magdalena (Wcn- gert) Schultheis were: George, wlio died about ten years ago; Chris- tian, who became a druggist, in which business he was active for a number of years, he died December 29, 1916, the widow, Amelia, nee Jansen. r-'vid.",: in Quincy; Henry lives in Los Angeles, Cfilit'nrnia : 314 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Hattie and Helen Schultheis, and Edward Schultheis, the latter a printer, live in Quiney. Albert Schultheis, the youngest son of George and Magdalena (Wengert) Schultheis, left Quiucy many' years ago, when only thirteen years of age, and located in Independ- ence, Kansas, where he secured a position as eiTand boy in a bank; by diligence and strict attention to his duties he soon gained the confidence and good will of his employers, was advanced and pro- moted from one position to the other, until today he is president of that bank. Emma Schultheis became the wife of Johu Notter; they moved to Chicago many years ago. George W. Rust was born in Germany January 29, 1792, and came to America early in life, for he served in the War of 1812 against the British. After that war he located in Ohio. By his fii'st marriage he had five children: Michael, George, Dorothy, the wife of ilr. Tix- ford; Margaret and Elizabeth. The second wife of George W. Bust was Maiy McChesney, and they had two children: Charles "W., born January 30, 1833, in Clermont County, Ohio, and Samuel, born Decem- ber 31, 1835, in Adams County, Illinois, his parents coming to this couutj' in that year and locating in Keene Township. After the death of his second wife George W. Eust married Mrs. WiUiam Forum, a widow who by her first marriage had five children. Charles W. Rust, born in Ohio, grew up in Adams County, learned blacksmithing with his father and conducted a smith shop in Loraine. There were only four houses in Keene Township when George W. Rust and family settled there. Charles W. Rust married Eliza A. Benson, born in Indiana, January 28, 1832, her parents being among the early settlers of Adams County. Five children were born to Charles W. and Eliza (Benson) Rust, three sons, Johu, George, and Charles, and two daughters, Sarah E., wife of Thomas Hudson, Oklahoma, and Josephine, wife of Elmer Smith, Tacoma, "Washington. During the Civil war Charles W. Rust served in the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantry; he died ilarch 31, 1905, while his wife died one week prior, March 24, 1905. John Nelseh, born January 3, 1813, in Goeppingen, Wuerttemberg, where he learned the baker's trade, came to America in 1835, locating in Quiney. Here he married Leonore Clara Kraus, born in Forchheim, Baden, who came to this city in 1835. They moved to Jacksonville, Illinois, where John Nelseh established a bakery; he also conducted bakeries in Beardstown and Virginia, Cass County, Illinois. In 1842 the family returned to Quiney, where John Nelseh for many years was active in his business as baker. For a number of years he con- ducted a brewery and a summer garden. In the early '50s his wife died, and in 1855 he married for the second time, his wife being Marie Mesel, born in Sankt Johann, Saarbruecken, Prussia. She came to this country in 1849 with her parents, and located in St. Louis, where her parents died, and she later came to Quiney. John QUIXCV AND ADA.M.S CULXTY 315 Xclsi'h died Xovcinlfcr 23, lSf)3. his wife is still among the living, eon- ducting the bakery established by her husband many years ago. Three sons of John Xelsch live in Quiuey : John Xelsch, Jr., who served in the Tenth Illinois Infantry during the Civil war; Louis Nelsch, a cooper, who still follows his trade; and Albert Xelsch, the youngest son, proprietor of a large bakery. Sebastian Gerber, bom 1806 in Forehheim, Baden, came to Amer- ica in 1835, landing at Baltimore. From there he went to Pittsburgh, where he boarded a steamboat, coming downi the Ohio River and up the Jlississippi to Quincy. It was in December when the boat arrived here, but there was so much ice before the city that the boat had to land at West Quincy, from where the passengers were brought to Quincy the next day in skiffs. In 1840 Sebastian Gerber married Creszcntia Herr. she being born 1819 in Fischbaeh in the Black Forest of Baden. In May, 1865, ;\Irs. Gerber died and her husband departed this life in July, 1875. Joseph Gerber, a son of Sebastian and Cres- zentia (Herr) Gerber, born in Quincy, October 2, 1846, learned the machinist trade, at which he worked for forty-six years, and then retired. He married Caroline Schauf, a daughter of the old pioneer, Henry Schauf, who located here in 1836. One daughter. Miss Anna Gerber, is engaged as stenographer in the Rieker Xational Bank ; the other daughter, known as Sister Cecelia, is a member of the Order of ]\Iaria de Ripan. Settlers of 1836 John Bernhard Schwindeler was born in 1805 in Herzlage, Hann- over, where he grew up to manhood and learned the carpenter's trade, also serving in the Hanoverian army. In the fatherland he married Gertrude Wellmann, born in Ankum, Hanover. In 1833 they emi- grated, coming to America, where they located in Louisville, Ken- tucky. In the spring of 1836 the family came to Quincy, where he worked at his trade as a carpenter. When the Mormon troubles be- gan, John Bernhard Schwindeler was elected as captain of the Ger- man Guard, who participated in the Mormon war, the company marching from Quincy to Nauvoo overland. Later he was elected to the oflSce of tax collector of Quincy, and also served as constable. John Bernhard Schwindeler died in 1847, his wife followed him in death in 1849, as a victim of cholera. Charles Ferdinand Scliwindeler, horn September 7. 1834, in Louis- ville, Kentucky, a son of John Bernhard and Gertrude (Wellniann) Schwindeler, came with his parents to Quincy, where the family made their home in a log cabin. When thirteen yeai-s of age he was apprenticed to his uncle, Frederick Wellmann, learning the painter's trade, which occupation he followed for many years. In 1855 he married Marie Faerber. For a numl)er of years he served in the volunteer fire department as foreman of Lilierty Xo. 3, and later of 316 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Water Witch No. 2. In 1883 Charles Ferdinand Sehwindeler was elected as city treasurer for four years, and in 1891 he was again elected to the same office, serving the city for eight years as treasurer and ex-officio tax collector. October 19, 1891, his wife died, and Charles F. Sehwindeler departed this life March 23, 1909. Children living are: Charles J. Sehwindeler, painter, in Quincy; Frank John Sehwindeler, electrician, in St. Louis, Missouri; Miss Frances Sehwindeler, and Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Rummenie, both in Quincy. Dr. Michael Doway, born 1803 in Sursee, Canton Luzerne, Switzer- land, studied medicine, and in 1826 married Nannette Suppiger, born in Sursee in 1807. In 1835 they emigrated to America, locating at Highland, Illinois, a Swiss colony founded by Dr. Casper Koepfli and John Suppiger. In 1836 the family came to Quincy, where Doctor Doway, in connection with John Guggenbuehler, conducted a brewery at Seventh and York streets. Later Guggenbuehler returned to High- land, and Doctor Doway bought a piece of ground from Governor Thomas Carlin, on Hampshire near Fifth Street, where he erected a building and conducted a drug store for many years, at the same time practicing medicine. Emilie, the daughter of Dr. Michael and Nannette (Suppiger) Doway, was married to Charles Seeger, for many years engaged in business in Quincy as insurance agent. Dr. Michael Doway died January 10, 1891, his wife followed him in death November 7, 1897. Charles Seeger and wife also departed this life years ago. Ignatz Bross and family came to Ajnerica in the early '30s of last century. Both were born in Elgesweier, Baden. His wife was Bar- bara, nee Regelsberger. They located in Louisville, Kentucky, but in 1836 he decided to come to Quincy, making the trip overland by prairie schooner, drawn by a fine team of horses. When they arrived here, there was no house vacant and so they camped under the shelter- ing shade of a big tree near what now is Twelfth Street, until a dwell- ing could be secured. Ignatz Bross departed this life in 1842, his wife following him in death in 1846. Benjamin Bross, a son of Ignatz and Barbara (Eegelsberger) Bross, in 1856 moved to Carthage, Illinois, where he died some years ago at a high old age. Christine, a daughter of Ignatz and Barbara (Regelsberger) Bross, became the wife of Daniel Kaiser, one of Quincy 's pioneers, who conducted a soda water factory in this city and also made hubs for wagon wheels ; the other daughter, Marie, was married to Joseph Mast, the early pioneer. All have long since died. . Henry Edward Barth was bom October 28, 1805, in Dresden, Saxony, where he grew up to manhood and learned the butcher's trade. In the beginning of 1836 he emigrated, landing in New York July 26th. Continuing his journey to Cincinnati, Ohio, he there C^LIMV AM) ADAMS COINTY .117 hoarded a steanilioat, (•(nuing down tlie Ohio River and up liu' .Mis- sissippi to (^uiney, where lie settled for lii'e. ilareh 1, 183!), he married Christine Brcitwieser, who was born April 12, 1810, in Kleestadt, Granddueliy of Hessen, and eanio to Quimy in 1838. For many years Henry Edwanl Barth eonducted a meat market in this city, and later was proprietor of a hotel, known as "Gasthof zur Stadt Dresden." July 17, 1875, he died, his wife preceding him in deatli January 24, 1872. Henry Edward and Christine (Breitwieser) Barth had two sons, John and Henry Barth, who grew up in this city, where both married and were active in their chosen calling, conducting meat markets; both have long ago departed this life. One daughter of Henry Edward and Christine (Breitwieser) Barth still lives in Quincy, Mrs. Eva JIarie Hug, born March 24, 1846, the widow of Frederick Hug, who for many .years conducted a barber shop in Quincy. Andrew Keller, born April 27, 1816, in Gross-Biberau, Grand- duchy of Hessen, grew up to manhood in his native town, where he learned the tailor's trade. In 1836 he came to America, locating in Quincy, where he settled for life. July 19, 1840, he married Julia Wild, horn April 3, 1817, in Gruenstadt, Bavaria. For many years Andrew Keller was engaged in business in this city, in the beginning following his trade as a tailor, and later in the mercantile business, conducting a dry goods and grocery store. In 1857 he represented the Fourth Ward in the city council. Andrew Keller died August 11. 1864, while his wife lived until December 11, 1892. George Keller, the son of Andrew and Julia (Wild) Keller, grew up in Quincy and learned blacksmithing and wagon making, l)eing a member of the firm Wenzel & Keller. During the Civil war he served in the Union army as waggoner of Company D. One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry. Later lie married Josephine Bregger, daughter of Thomas Bregger. For a number of years he has been in the agri- cultural implement business with his sons, George. Oscar and Arthur, under the firm name George Keller & Sons. Andrew and Julia ( Wild) Keller had three daughters, Elizabeth, the wife of Peter Beamer (Boehmer), she at present residing in Kansas City, Missouri; Mary, the wife of Philip Sehanz, she died several years ago; ani] Ennna. the wife of Herman PI. Westerbeek in Kansas City, Jlissouri. Sebastian Dingeldein, born in 1810 in Gross-Biberan, Grand- duehy of Hessen, came to America early in the '30s of last century, locating in Pittsburgli, Pennsylvania. His wife was Catherine, nee Klingler, born in 1810 in Rcichelsheim, Granddueliy of Hessen. In 1836 they came to Quincy. where Sebastian Dingeldein conducted a bakery on Hampshire l)etween Third and Fourth streets. Later he aciiuired a farm si.\ miles east of the city near Mill Creek, where he followed farming for many years. In 1S48, his wife died, while Se- ba.stian Dingeldein in later years came to the city, where he died in 1891. George Dingeldein, the son of Sebastian and Catherine (Kliiig- 318 QUINCY AND ADAilS COUNTY ler) Dingeldein, was active as a farmer for some time, but later moved to the city, where he went into business as manufacturer of extracts, until his death about a year ago. Sebastian and Catherine (Klinger) Dingeldein had two daughters, Catherine, who became the wife of tlie farmer, George Dickhnt, and died many years ago; and Caroline, who became the wife of George Schaller, proprietor of a tinshop and dealer in stoves; she also departed this life a number of years ago. John A. Eoth, born April 11, 1814, in Meykammer, Bavaria, came to America in 1836, locating in Quincy, where he went to work at his trade as cabinet maker. August 13, 1838, he married Appolonia Schell, daughter of John and Barbara (Zwick) Sehell, born in Bavaria May 2, 1819, who came to Quincy with her parents in 1836. In 1849 John A. Roth crossed the plains, going to the gold mines of California, from where he returned in 18.52 ; in 1854 he went to California again, returning in 1856. Then he located in Camp Point, this county, where he went into business, dealing in furniture, stoves and tinware, manu- facturing the latter. For many years he occupied a prominent posi- tion in business circles of that town, until his death, October 1, 1875, his wife also departing this life many years ago. John W. Roth, a son of John A. and Appolonia (Schell) Roth, was born in Camp Point September 23, 1858. After acquiring a good common school education, he worked in his father's store for a time, but concluded to try railroading, and was employed in the Wabash and Union Pacific service for some time. In 1884 he bought out a general store in Kings- ton, Adams County, which he conducted for six years. Being ap- pointed deputy sheriff, while in Kingston, he held that position con- tinuou.sly until he was elected sheriff in 1898. After the expiration of his term, John W. Roth went West, where he located. Among the German pioneers who settled in Quincy in 1836 was George P. Heller. Born May 16, 1811, in Oberau, Grandduchy of Hessen. He came to America in 1828 and located in St. Louis. In 1835 he came to Quincy and worked here at his trade as carpenter during the summer, but in the fall left this town, he and another man, who also was a carpenter, walking from Quincy to St. Louis, where there was more opportunity for work in the winter. In the spring of 1836 George P. Heller again came to Quincy to settle here for life. In 1842 he married Elizabeth D. Waldhaus, a daughter of Henrj^ Waldhaus, who with his wife had located in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1831. The family came from Oberau, Grandduchy of Hessen, where the daughter, Elizabeth, was born in 1822. About the year 1833 Henry Waldhaus, who was a carpet weaver, with his family located in Belleville, Illinois, and in 1835 came to Quincy, later settling on a farm near Mill Creek in Melrose Township. George P. Heller worked at his trade as carpenter and builder for many years, and, among many others, had the contract to construct the QULVCY AND ADAMS COINTV 319 first building erected by the late Henry F. J. Kieker on Hampshire Street. In 1851 he lost his life by falling from the roof of a house, leaving his family, consisting of wife, two sons, John A. and (Jeorge, and three daughters. Sophia, ilathilde and Emma, in straitened cir- cumstanees. John A. Heller, the eldest son of George P. and Eliza- beth D. (Waldhaus) Heller, was born Februan- 1, 1844, in a log house near the northwest corner of Seventh and Jersey streets in Quiney. AVhen six years of age he had to stay at home and take care of the younger children, while the mother attended to her work, taking in sewing, often working until midnight. Later she did washing and ironing, being thus engaged every day of the week, all of this being necessary to support herself and children. In June, 1854, John A. Heller, then ten years of age, went to work for David W. Miller, proprietor of the Quiney House, his first occupation being that of a knife shiner. AVhen the Gather House (later the Trcmont Hotel) had been built, he was the first employe hired by Zachariah Gather, the proprietor, and began by cleaning windows, before the house was furnished. Two years later he returned to the Quiney House, learning to cook. In the course of time he worked in different hotels, the Quiney, the Tremont, and the Pacific, in this city, and also in the Commercial Hotel, ^Icmphis, Tennessee. In 1859 and 1860 he was cook on packets that plied between St. Louis and Memphis. Then he went to sea as cook, first on the James Bryant, of Beverly, Massa- chusetts, and then on the Bosporous, of Bangor, Maine, visiting every continent with the exception of Australia. After four years of life at sea, he returned to his old home, the Quiney House. In 1872 he, with the late Mayor Frederick Rearick, organized the Eagle Packing Company, preserving canned goods, but they lost everything in the panic of 1873, caused by the financial crash of that year. January 1, 1874, he, in partnership with Herman Moecker, Sr., opened the then new Pacific Hotel. In 1879 he left the hotel business and in the spring of 1880 began raising early vegetables and chickens. Finally he started in the florist business, securing an excellent patronage, retiring from active busine.ss in the fall of 1899. John A. Heller also has been busy in the literary field. In 1878 he wrote a work entitled "A Teleologieal View of Nature," in 1910 "A Constructive Treatise of the Evolution Theorj'," and in 1916 "A Diminution of a Literary Kaleidoscope"; besides the above mentioned he has written 160 poems, among them one entitled "My Travels Over the Globe." John A. Heller was especially active in securing a Chamber of Commerce Building for Quiney, towards which he in 1912 subscribed $1,000, this sum being placed in bank for more than three years, nothing being added but the interest. Finally he gave them the choice among several sites, he agreeing to buy the ground thus selected. A com- mittee, entrusted with the selection, chose Fifth and Jersey streets, where the building then was erected. John A. Heller certainly made his mark in the history of Quiney. July 24, 1868, John A. Heller married Martha J. Weidenhammer, the latter born in Pennsylvania, 820 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY as the name plainly indicates, also of German descent. She died in October, 1910. Adam Keller was born May 21, 1787, in Ostheim, Granddnchy of Hesseu, and married Marie Dorothea Pfeiffer, born in Gross Biberau. They came to Quincy in 1836 and located near Mill Creek, where they went to farming. While Mrs. Keller died early in the '50s, her hus- band lived until March 25, 1872, when he departed this life.- ilatthew Keller, the oldest son of Adam and Marie D. (Pfeitifer) Keller, married Marie Herlemann, born in Wersau, Grandduchy of Hesseu. Their sons were: George Keller, who married Hannah Miller, and later moved to the city, where he conducted teaming until his death; An- drew Keller, born November 13, 1845, served in the One Hundred and Forty-Eighth Illinois Infantry during the Civil war, and later con- ducted a grocery and notion store in Quincy ; he married Dora Schnellbecher, daughter of the old pioneer, Wendel Schnellbecher, she surviving, while he died a number of yeai-s ago. William Keller, twin brother of the before mentioned Andrew Keller, married Mary Ruff, daughter of the old pioneer, Jacob Ruff, and conducted a grocery store in this city for many years, finally moving to La Plata, Mis- souri, where they reside on a farm. IMatthew Keller, the youngest son of Matthew and Marie (Herlemann) Keller, who lived ou the farm in Melrose, departed this life many years ago. Paul Konantz was bom in Hohenzollern, August 16, 1811. In 1836 he came to Quincy, where he married Wilhelmina Schultheis May 9, 1843, she being a native of Marjoss, Principality of Hessen, and had come to Quincy in 1835. Paul Konantz was active in business circles for many years, conducting a grocery and also a wood yard. He died in 1877, and his wife in 1897. William H. Konantz, the oldest son of Paul and Wilhelmina (Schultheis) Konantz, was born in Quincy April 9, 1846. After finishing his education he served an apprentice- ship with Bernard & Lockwood, learning saddlery and harness mak- ing, and then spent two years in Chicago, learning the finest grades of work. In March, 1876, with a few hundred dollars capital, he opened a shop of his own, and being an expert workman, his busi- ness prospered so that within five years he not only enjoyed a hand- some local patronage, but was shipping to other cities as far west as the Pacific Coast. A number of years ago he retired from active busi- ness life, enjoying a well earned rest. The other children of Paul and Wilhelmina (Schultheis) Konantz were: Dr. Charles F. Konantz, for a number of years a practicing physician in St. Paul, Minnesota ; John P. Konantz, a baker in Ithaca, New York ; Edward and Adolph Konantz, in a saddlery and harness business in St. Paul, Minnesota ; ]\Irs. Wilhelmina Smith, in Chicago; Mrs. Henrietta Ripley, in Oak Park, Cook County, Illinois; and Mrs. Anna Lindley, whose luisband years ago was postmaster in Urbana, Illinois. QUINCY AND ADAMS COINTY 321 Sixteen years ago Frederick Gustave Ertel, at that time superin- tendent of public schools in Quincy, related the following to the writer of this history: "I'lrich I^\iginl)uehl. my maternal grandfa- ther, was lioru in 1784 in Herno. Switzerland, and his wife, ilaria Anna, nee Stucke, was also born in Berne in 1789. They were mar- ried in the Reformed eluin-h in Berne, where my mother was born in 1823, she being named al'ter her motlier, Maria Anna. Early in 1825 my grandparents, in company with many others, decided to emi- grate to America. There were one huiulred and twenty persons in the party, which traveled overland from Berne to Havre, all bound for this promised land, America. It certainly would have made a splendid subject for an artist, to immortalize the picture of that party on canvass, as they journeyed overland, like the children of Israel. Some of the families had their household goods transported on wagons, drawn by horses, while others had them carried on the backs of burros, and othei-s still, not so fortuimte, placed their scanty pos- sessions on handcarts, which they shoved before them. By far the greatest iinml)er of those emigrants had to travel afoot, and these, as well as tlie people who shoved handcarts, and the leaders of the pack- mules, had to start earlier in the morning than the others who were so fortunate as to possess wagons and horses; and in the evening it would invariably take several hours before the whole party was gath- ered at the agreed camping grounds. "In Havre each family purchased the necessary means of existence for the long and tedious voyage across the Atlantic. Leaving Havre on the sailing vessel Romulus, the party encountered severe storms, and the voyage to New York took one hundred days. For the last three weeks the members of that party were cut down to half rations, and water was dispensed only once each day in small quantity. There were four births and four deaths on that voyage, one boy was among the newborn and he was christened by the captain of the ship, receiv- ing the name Romulus. "In July, 1825, the emigrants arrived in New York. I'lrich I-uginbuehl, who was a tailor, immediately got work at his trade and remained in that city for ten years with his family. New York l)eing visited by a great conflagration in December, 1835, Ulrich Luginl)uehl and family in the spring of 1836 left for the west, going up the Hud- son River to All)any, then by means of the fh'ie Canal to Buffalo and then to I'ittsburgh, where they boarded a steaiid)oat, coming down the Ohio and up the Mississi|)pi to Quincy, the tri]) from .\'ew York to tliis city re<|uirinu: tlirec and one-half months. It was ten o'clock at night when the boat landed here, and a very dark night at that. A man with an old tin lantern, in which a tallow candle diffused a dim light, acted as guide. Suddenly a gust of wind l)lew out the light, and then they had to grope in the dark until they found a place of shelter for the night. I'lrich Luginbnelil for many years followed his trade as a tailor, until he i)ecame disabled by an accident with a flat iron, causing a lame hand, and had to give up his calling. He Vol. 1— II 322 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY died in 1854, while his wife lived twenty years longer, her death occurring 1874. A son of the couple, John Luckenbill, having changed his original name, died in 1881, aged 52 years." Life and Work of Charles A. Maertz Charles Augustus Maertz was born in Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, May 31, 1811, being the youngest son of Charles Ehrhard Maertz, who was born in 1763 in Dantzie, son of a wealthy brewer in that important town of Prussia. Choosing the art of portrait painting as his profession, Charles Ehrhard Maertz went to seek his fortune in Petersburg, the capital of Russia, where Catherine II patronized art and learning with a munificent hand. Later he settled in Berlin to prosecute his profession, and in 1793 married Christiane Marin, the twenty-year-old daughter of a small farmer in a neighboring village, who proved herself a devoted wife and mother, remarkable for energy, decision of character, high principle and stern sense of duty. Charles Ehrhard ]\Iaertz died in 1816, when his young- est son, Charles Augustus, was but five years of age. The widow, being left with very slender resources, upon the advice of her friends, pur- chased an outfit for crimping and fluting laces and muslins, and then opened a laundry exclusively for doing such work, employing several girls. When Charles Augustus Maertz arrived at the age of thirteen, having attended a school for seven years, his mother's limited means obliged her to apprentice him to a bookbinder. But the air of the bindery proving extremely detrimental to him, after six months the boy was removed from it and placed with a coppersmith. In those days it had long been very difficult to secure apprenticeship at trades, and a premium of 50 thalers (-HO) had to be paid to the master by the mother of the boy for the privilege of equipping her son with a trade. After having completed his apprenticeship, he produced a masterpiece and secured his papers, which declared him a master of his trade and permitted him to practice it. Then he started on his journey, visiting a number of cities in continental Europe, and in 1831 went to London, England, where he remained two years, working at his trade. Having heard much of America, he determined to visit this country, and in 1833 crossed the ocean, coming to New York, where he worked at his trade for a while. Business being dull, he left New York and sailed for New Orleans, where times were brisker and pay better. But he soon went to St. Louis, where he secured a position and found stanch friends. There he met Miss Ottilia Obert, daughter of Peter and Mary Obert, born Jlay 16, 1811, in Barliach, Baden, she having come to America in 1829, accompanied by her brother, Mathias Obert. After a short engagement Charles Augustus INIaertz and Ottilia Obert were married October 27, 1834, Dr. William Potts of the Presby- terian Church performing the ceremony. A few months after mar- riage Charles Augustus Maertz started a business of his own, trans- l^riXCY AND ADAMS (dl NTV 323 forming himself from an artitieer in nol)le metals into a tinsiiiitli and sheet iron worker, making eook and heating stoves out of the latter material. In April, 1836, two years after his arrival in St. Louis, he took a trip by steamboat up the river to Quincy, whieh he had heard of as a growing town. On arrival he heard that one tinsmith was already settled here and two others were expected. Being advised to try Warsaw, Ilaneoek County, Illinois, he resolved to investigate what indueemeuts it might offer. Learning that the next steamboat for the Upper Mississippi would not be due before three weeks, he set out and made on foot the distance of forty miles between the two villages. In AVarsaw he met an old acquaintance acting as United States land agent, and was persuaded to purchase a house and lot, giving .tlOO cash down on first payment. Returning to St. Louis, he made preparations to transfer his little family to their prospective home in Warsaw. A trifle changed all their plans. When the boat reached Quincy May 19, 1836, Mr. ^lacrtz stopped off to get his heavy cloak which he had left in care of Anton Konantz, when he started afoot for Warsaw. Meeting sev- eral acf|uaintances. he was informed that the tinners had left and he was greatly needed. The superior advantages of Quincy over War- saw were so urgently set forth, that he was persuaded to stop and locate here. In the meantime Mrs. Maertz with her little daughter, ()ttilia, was on the lx)at waiting for the return of her husband. The bell rang for pushing off — Mrs. ]\laertz appealed to the captain, beg- ging him to wait for her husliand ; the captain assured her that he would be in time to jump on, for he saw him running down hill. She looked and saw three men racing single file down the cow path that led up to the village between a thicket of blacklierry and hazelnut bushes and scrub oaks. They dashed on board and one of the men then shouted: "Captain, hold mi, jiut out the bridge, tlicse jjcople are going to stop in Quincy I Let everyliody lend a hand to unload these goods." The deckhands hustled about and passengers helped with lusty good will to carry the goods a-shore. As the boat pushed off the family found itself suddenly stranded in Quincy, forty miles from its prospective home in Warsaw, Illinois. After matters had been explained to Mi-s. Maertz, the question arose, whither should they go, where find shelter? Anton Konantz. who had rented a large attic room for his family, offered to shelter them until a vacant house could be found. A partition was improvised by stretching a drugget carpet across one end. The second Monday following there was a house of three rooms to let. one below and two above, for $18.50 per month. But Mr. Maertz began to build as soon as he had secured a lot : in three months the house was ready for occu])ancy and in August of the same year the family settled down in their own home. The year 1837 was a sad one for Charles Augustus Maertz. In August of that year, while hammering on a stovepipe, a scale of iron struck his left eye. lodging in the pupil. There being no jihysicians here suflSeiently skilful to extract the scale, Mr. JIaertz suffered in- 324 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY tensel}', and for six months was entirely disqualified for business of any sort. After he again was able to work he took up his business with his wonted energy and renewed vigor. In 1841, business being very dull, Mr. ^laertz went to New Orleans, where he worked at his trade until February of the next year, when he returned to his family in Quiney. Here he followed his business until 1850, when he sold out and took a trip across the ocean, sailing from New York in June of that year for a visit with his mother and sister, and also with the father, brother and sister of Mrs. Maertz. Returning by sailing vessel via New Orleans he arrived in Quiney December 12, 1850, after an absence of about six months. In 1867 Mr. Maertz took a second trip to the fatherland, accompanied by his daughters. It was on this oc- casion that he was induced by his daughter. Miss Louisa, to resume pencil sketching from nature (an accomplishment acquired in boy- hood before his apprenticeship). He at that time made two sketches, ojie of the ancient walled City of Oflfenburg, situated on a gentle eminence between the River Kinzig on one side and some bold spurs of the Black Forest on the other; the other sketch being a romantic Castle Ortenberg, perched upon the steepest spur of the lower range of mountains, overlooking the plain in which the city is built. His interest developing from success, he went on and colored both. This diversion taken up at the age of fifty-seven became a delightful pastime with him until within two years of his death ; today the result of this activity is seen in the home of the family in this city, which is adorned by sixty paintings, all the result of his genius, an achieve- ment one seldom sees, when considering the difficulties under which he labored, owing to the loss of one eye — only a person of an iron will, accompanied by an untiring patience, could accomplish what he did. During his business career in Quiney Charles Augustus Maertz built and owned twenty-two houses, adding that much to the develop- ment and growth of the city. Besides his activity in business, he also took a great interest in public matters, writing for the daily papers, English and German, and repeatedly speaking at public meetings, when he deemed it proper in the interest of the welfare of the com- munity. The writer of this narrative having gone somewhat extensively into the description of the life and work of Charles Augustus Maertz, had only one object in view; namely, to impress upon the present, and on coming generations, what can be accomplished by honesty of purpose and by untiring will power. Charles Augustus Maertz departed this life January 7, 1890, while his wife followed him in death August 18. 1903. Two daughters are living in this city: ]Mrs. Emma Cyrus, the widow of Capt. John M. Cyrus, who served in the Civil war ; and Mrs. Dora R. JI. Lockwood. Ottilia, the eldest daughter, was married to Dr. Joseph F. Durant, January 10, 1856, and both died some years ago. Louisa ^laertz, second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Augustus Maertz, was suddenly called from her earthly career February 4, 1918. C^UINCY AND ADAMS COLNTY 325 She was horn in Cjuiiicy about eighty years ago, was a great reader and student, and one of the best informed women in Quiney, having traveled extensively in Germany, Italy and other countries in Europe, also in ^lexieo. During the Civil war she was one of the first of the group of women to oflfer their services to the Union, and for almost the entire duration of the war she was a nurse in the army hospitals. She also was an active member of the Humane Society and of the Historical Society of Quincy. Settlers of 1837 In the year 1837 the influx of Gennan immigrants was especially large, and that year marked the organization of two German con- gregations in this city, the one Catholic, the other Protestant, both congregations building their churches on Seventh Street, between York and Kentucky streets, the Protestant Church on the east side, the Catholic Church on the west side of the street, just opposite. In the person of Father Augustus Brickwedde the Catholics of Quincy greeted their first resident German priest in 1837. Augustus Florentius Brickwedde was born June 24, 1805, in Fuerstenau. Han- over. He was the son of John Nepomuck Bernhard Joseph Brick- wedde. an attorney and judge in Bersenbrueck, who had married -Maria Anna Alexnor Lotteii. The son was ordained to the priest- hood by the Bishop of Hildesheim, Hanover, September 20, 1830, and served as vicar in Fuerstenau from 1831 up to the beginning of 1837. Having received a permit from the vicar general of the Diocese of Osnabrucck, he on April 12, 1837, left for America, arriving in Quincy August loth of the same year. Father Brickwedde organized the first German Catholic congregation in this city in 1837, and built the first church on an eminence on the west side of Seventh Street, be- tween York and Kentucky streets, which was named Ascension Church ; later he built a church on Seventh and Maine streets, which was named St. Boniface Church. In 1849, after having labored here for twelve years. Father Brickwedde left Quincy. assuming charge of a con- gregation at St. Libory, St. Clair County, Illinois, where he latwred for more than fifteen years, departing this life November 21, 1865. Among the immigrants arriving here in 1837 were .John Christopher Meyer, born January 3, 1803, in Hagen, near Osnabrueck. Hanover, Germany. On the same ship that brought him across the ocean came Anna -Maria Angela Borstadt, a daughter of Christian and Gertrude (Tippel) Borstadt, born in Fuerstenau, near Osnabrueck, Hanover, January 9, 1813. They, with many others, left on board tlie sailing vessel ilaria Brandt, owned by the King of Hanover, March l.^j, 1837, and reached New York July 4th of the same year, the voyage requiring 110 (lays. -After a short stop in New York the |)arty left for the West, following the usual rout« by canal and river, the trip requiring about ten weeks until they reached St. Louis, where John Christopher 326 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTl Meyer and Anna Maria Angela Borstadt were married in the old St. Louis Cathedral by Rev. Father Fi.SL'her, September 5, 1837. The latter part of that month they came to Quincy, where they settled for life. In the spring of 1902 the writer of this narrative called on the widow, Angela Meyer, at that time in the eighty-ninth year of her life, for information about their trip to this country, and found her very bright in spite of her high old age, she relating among other things the following : "While we were coming up the Mississippi, near the Ohio River, my oldest sister, Elizabeth, wife of Gerhard Naber, was pushed off the boat by a brutal man and was drowned. Arriving in St. Louis, we remained there for a while and then came to Quincy, where there were comparatively few houses. L. F. W. Butze, brother- in-law of Paul Konantz, conducted a small store. 0. H. Browning's log cabin was still in existence, although he had built a frame house. In 1838 the first fine hotel, the Quincy House, was built, and my husband, who was a plasterer, worked on that building. One even- ing, after I had prepared supper, I went out to look whether my husband was coming home. A large animal came along the road, panting and growling. It was getting dusk, and not being able to distinguish the animal, I hurried into the house, being much fright- ened. Shortly afterward I heard several shots fired, and soon there- after my husband came in, saying: 'Angela, do you wish any bear's meat? A bear has just been killed.' "In the spring of 1838 about 500 Indians came through Quincy and continued their march eastward ; they were headed by their chief and conducted themselves properly. While the first brick church of St. Boniface congregation was in the course of construction, at Seventh and IMaine Streets, another contingent of Indians, about 300, came from the west and attended services in the unfinished church ; they also went east, and they were well behaved." John Christopher Meyer died August 6, 1869, his wife living for many more years, she departing this life ^May 12, 1904:, in her ninety- second year. Christian John ]\Ieyer, the oldest son of the couple, born May 1, 1840, followed the trade of plasterer; January 29, 1867, he married Anna Catherine Welberg, born March 31, 1849 ; he died June 4, 1910. Other children of John Christopher and Anna Maria Angela (Borstadt) Clever were: -Josephine, born January 24, 1842, she being married to Henry Freiburg January 21, 1862 ; Gerhard John, born March 20, 1844, married Barbara Mast, November 22, 1870, and he died May 27. 1914; Edward August ]Meyer, the ex-alderman, who represented the Second Ward in the city council, is a son of Gerhard and Barbara (Mast) Meyer; Emelia, born ^March 15, 1847, was mar- ried to John Mast, November 9, 1869, and both are living; William, born January 20, 1849, married Crescentia Sohn 1876, she was born November 6, 1855, and died May 8, 1891, he lives in Chicago ; August, born April 5, 1851, married Agnes Hilarda Ottmann, she was born September 30, 1857, he died October 26, 1911 ; Frank, born June 12, C^riXCV AND ADAMS COl'XTY 327 1854, marrii'd Ellen Loretta Iliiu'licy, she was born January 2, 1865, he died May 28, 1914; and Rosalia, born July 6, 1857, married Charles Rothgeb June 4, 1878. Leonard Sehniitt. bmii in 1(^11 in Georgheim, Grandduehy of Hes- sen, married Margaretha Jost, born January 13, 1813, in Erbach, Grandduehy of Ilesscn, and they eaine to Quiney in 1837. Leonard Si'luiiitt being a carpenter, was among the first building contractors of this city. He was engaged in the erection of the old (Quiney House, St. Boniface Church, and a number of other public and private build- ings. Leonard Schiuitt dictl in 1898, his wife having preceded him in death in 1896. Margaretha Schmitt, the mother of Leonard Schmitt, came to Quiney with her son and daughter-in-law in 1837 ; she was boi'ii in Georgiieiiu in 1774, and died in (Quiney in 1852. Leonard ;\1. Schmitt, born iu Quiney March 24, 1848, was the oldest son of LtH)nard and Margaretha (Jost) Schmitt, and wa.s proprietor of a drug store in this city for a number of years; he began working in the drug store of Doway & Morton, and remained with that house for three years, then entering the house of Rogers & Malone. where he remained for twenty years. In 1882 he went to Chicago, where he became a partner in the Hurlbut Drug Company. In 1887 he with- drew from the firm and returned to Quiney, where he went into the retail drug trade for himself, conducting the business until his death in July. 1915. In 1882 he married Frances Koenig, a daughter of August Koenig. grocer in Jacksonville, Illinois. The widow, besides one son, Raymond, and two daughters, Gussie and Nora, are still among the living. Nicholas Schmitt, a brother of Leonard M. Schmitt, is with a wholesale drug house in St. Louis. Other children of Leonard and Margaret (Jo.st) Schmitt are: Elizabeth, widow of Severin Dehner; Anna Catherine, wife of Joseph Jacoby, proprietor of a cigar factory ; Sister Hyacinth. Order of Notre Dame. Covington, Ken- tucky ; and Mary, wife of Gerhard Jansen. "William Oasser and his wife, Catherine, nee Koch, both l)orn in Bahlingen, Baden, about the year 1800, came to Quiney in 1837. Wil- liam Gasser was a brewer, and conducted the first brewery in the city in connection with Anton Delabar, the pioneer in the brewing in- dustry of Quiney. Later he, in company with Casper Ruft", conducted a brewery at Sixth and State streets. Finally, in 1841, William Gasser died, while his wife lived to the high age of ninety-four years, depart- ing this life in 1894. Elizabeth, who married George Ernst in this city, was a daughter of William and Catherine (Koch) Gasser, and Caroline, another daughter, who married Leonard Ilocring, many years ago moved to The Dalles, Oregon, where she still lives, her hus- band having died a number of years ago. Christian Abel. l)orn August 23, 1812, in Eschbach, Grandduehy of Hessen, came to Quiney in 1837, and in 1839 married Charlotte Wedig, 328 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY who was born November 22, 1818, in Gruenstadt, Bavaria, and also came to Quiney in 1837. In 1842 they located in Melrose Township, where Christian Abel followed farming for many years, during which time he held the offices of school director and commissioner of high- ways consecutively for years. Both departed this life many years ago. Two sons are among the living, both having retired from active life, namelj' : William Abel, born in Quiney December 17, 1841 ; he grew up to manhood, and on March 27, 1864, married Emilie Bert, daughter of Jean Philip and Elizabeth (Liebig) Bert; she died four years ago. George Abel, born in 1843, after attaining maturity, married Alice Blivens, daughter of Samuel Blivens, and born in Bur- ton Township. John Bernhard Koch, born in Allendorf, Westphalia, December 3, 1799, learned the trade of saddler and harness maker in his home town, and then ti'aveled as a journeyman all over Europe. Later he married Anna Maria Koenig, also born in Allendorf in 1808. In 1837 John Bernhard Koch came to America, locating in Quiney, whei-e he established himself in business, and in 1840 returned to his old home to bring his family, consisting of his wife and two children, to Quiney, the children being John Liborius Koch, born July 28, 1832, and Maria Anna, born 1835, the latter at present still residing in Quiney, the widow Mary A. Cramer. John Liborius Koch, the oldest son of John Bernhard and Anna M. (Koenig) Koch, learned the trade with his father, and after the latter 's death, which occurred June 27, 1880, continued the business. John Liborius Koch in 1863 married Anna L. Albrecht, and was in business until June 11, 1889, when he departed this life, while his wife lived until ilarch 25, 1913, when she died. The saddlery and harness business, established eighty j-ears ago, is at present conducted by Philip B. Koch, the oldest son of John Liborius and Anna L. (Albrecht) Koch. IMax Koch, the next son, studied for the priesthood, and being ordained as priest, became assistant at the cathedral in Belleville, Illinois ; being afflicted with an affection of the lungs, he went to the Adirondack ^Mountains to seek relief, where he died December 20, 1901. Bernhard Koch, another son, entered the postal service of the government, and has held a position in the Chicago post office for many years. Dr. John A. Koch, also a son of John Liborius and Anna L. (Albrecht) Koch, born in Quiney, May 17, 1874, received his early education in the grammar schools of Quiney, and later attended St. Francis College. In 1890 he entered the employ of the Miller & Arthur Drug Company in Quiney, serving as clerk for some time. After working for the Morrison-Plummer Company in Chicago for a while, he removed to Washington, D. C, where he was appointed pharmacist of the Garfield ilemorial Hospital, and was graduated in pharmacy at the National College of Pharmacy with the class of 1894. While filling the position of pharmacist he took up the study of medicine and eventually entered the medical department of Columbia L'niver- C^riNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 329 sity, from wliit-h he graduated with the class of 1897. Immediately afterward he was appointed resident physician of the Garfield .Memo- rial Hospital, but in a short time resigned that position and went to Europe, pursuing post-graduate work in Berlin University, and also in Vienna. He thus thoroughly equipped himself for his chosen life work, and upon his return to the United States in the fall of 1898, he again came to l^uiney, where he since has been established in his profession. He is a member of the County, State, and National Medi- cal Associations. In October. 1916. at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Fellowship in the American College of Surgeons was conferred upon him. October 4, 1898, Dr. John A. Koch married Louisa Irvin of AVatsontown, Pennsylvania. Adolph Koch, the youngest son of John Liborius and Anna L. (Albreeht) Koch, went to Washington, D. C, where he studied law. He now is established at Fresno, California, in the real estate and first mortgage business. Daughters of John Liborius and Anna L. (Albreeht) Koch were: Francisca. who became the wife of Peter J. Rupp. he being established in business in Chillicothe. Missouri, where he died years ago ; the widow still residing there. The next daughter joined the Order of School Sisters of Notre Dame and is at present superioress of the order in New Orleans, Louisiana. The youngest daughter, Miss Ida Kocli, died in 1904. Martin Grimm, born in Wcilcr, near AVeissenburg, Alsace, in 1792, with his wife Adelhcid, nee Lang, and four children, Adelheid, Martin, George and Margaret, emigrated in 1837. With them came Luiiwig Ruff and wife, Casper Ruff and wife, Daniel Ertel and sister Elizabeth Ertcl, the latter later becoming the wife of Martin Grimm, Jr. The voyage across the ocean to New York required fifty-one days. From there they came west, part of the way by means of the Erie Canal, the canal boat being drawn by mules. One may form an idea of the slowness of tliis mode of transportation, when it is stated that the wife of Ludwig Ruff left the canal boat while they were enroute, going to a farmhouse near the canal to get milk, while the boat kept on going, .she being able to overtake the boat after she had secured the milk. When the party reached Quincy, they found only log cabins and frame houses here, a fact which seemed astonishing to Ludwig Ruff, the houses in his home town in the fatherland all being built of stone. There were no streets, only footpaths. Some of the Lidians they met here spoke French, a language they had learned from Catholic Mi.ssionaries. Martin Grimm settled near Mill Creek, where he built a .sawmill and gristmill, being a iiiilhvright. The mill-dam being destroyed by a severe flood, caused by a heavy rain, Martin Grimm dismantled the mill, lirought the material to town and rebuilt the mill at the creek near Fourth and Delaware streets. Later he left for the fatherland to settle up some matters concerning an estate, but the shij) was lost 330 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY at sea. Martin Grimm, Jr., born 1820, who later married Elizabeth Ertel, also was a millwright, and for many years conducted a flour mill on Fifth Street, between State and Ohio. In 1861 and 1862 he repre- sented the Third AVard in the city council. Children of Martin and Elizabeth (Ertel) Grimm, living today, are: Joseph and Martin Grimm, ^Irs. Adelheid Reuser and ^Irs. Wilhelmina Mueller. Joseph Grimm served as musician in the One Hundred and Forty-Eighth Illi- nois Infantry during the Civil war. George Grimm, born 1824, for many j'ears was a member of the Menke-Grimm Planing Mill Company. He was married twice, his first wife was Barbara Hoeflin, his second wife, Wilhelmina JIueller. Children living are : George L. Grimm in Kansas City, Missouri ; Frederick Grimm in Petosa, Wisconsin ; Emma, wife of August Weh- meyer, in Quincy ; Caroline, wife of Henry A. Brinkmann, in Warsaw, Illinois ; Laura, wife of Philip Steinbach, in Quincy ; Bertha, wife of Robert Reitz, in New Mexico. Daniel Ertel, born January 7, 1813, in Weiler, near Weissenburg, Alsace, came to Quincy with the Ruff and Grimm families in 1837. He was a millwright, and in company with Martin Grimm conducted a carpenter shop. Later, after settling down in Quincy, Daniel Ertel married Maria Anna Luginbuehl, born in 1823 in Berne, Switzerland. In 1861 he traded his property in Quincy for a farm near Camp Point, where he lived for many years, and his wife died in 1879. In 1898 he returned to the city, where he died in 1899. Among the twelve children of Daniel and ;\Iaria Anna (Luginbuehl) Ertel were the following : Frederick G. Ertel, born in Quincy in 1849, chose the calling of a teacher, being active for twenty-three years in the schools of Coatsburg and Mendon, then for ten years in Quincy. During Presi- dent Cleveland's second term lie was assistant postmaster in Quincy for nearly four years. Later he was superintendent of public schools in Quincy for several terms; and still later he was engaged as book- keeper. He departed this life some years ago. Other children of Daniel and Maria Anna (Luginbuehl) Ertel were: John Ertel, farmer near Shelbina, Mi.ssouri ; George Ertel, farmer near Camp Point in this county; Albert Ertel, mechanic at Shelbina, Missouri, now in California ; Daniel Ertel, farmer near Camp Point; Elizabeth, who became the wife of Dr. John D. Tiekeu at Coats- burg, died in 1879 ; Emma is the wife of Nicholas Hafuer, carpenter in Quincy ; and Louisa is the wife of Wilke Bruns near Camj) Point. Henry Rupp, born in February, 1813, in Unterrodaeh, Bavaria, learned the trade of soapmaker in his home town. Coming to America in 1836, he located in Quincy in 1837, where he began business on a small scale, erecting a factory on the site where the C, B. & Q. pas- senger station now is located. Gradually increasing his business he in the course of time accumulated quite a fortune. In 1850 Henry Rupp married Maria Weisbrod. In 1857 he built the Bluff Brewery north (^riXtV AM) ADAMS COrXTY 331 of the city, and went into tlie lirewiiig husincss. Several years later the brewery was destroyed by fire. With undaunted energy he had the brewery rel)uilt, but the second l)uilding suffered the same fate, it also l)urning down. As there was no insurance in either ease, the finances of Henry Rupp were reduced considerably by those losses. He died in 1877, while his wife followed him in death in 1.S90. Henry Kupi), Jr., who has been engaged in carriage and wagon making in this city for many years, is a son of Henry and Maria (Weisbrod) Huj)!). He married Olga Mitchell. daught, Sr., reside in Riverside Township. Sales Kaltenbach. born in 1796 in Oberbergen, Baden, married Jfagdalcnc Mcyei-. born in the same town in 1805. They emigrated in 1837, coming to America and to this country, where they located near Mill Creek and went to farming. Sales Kaltenbach died in 1872, while his wife preceded him in death in 1865. Descendants of Sales and ^lagdalene (Meyer) Kaltenbach live in Adams County. The oldest son, Martin Kaltenbach. for many years conducted a cooper shop in this city, employing a number of journeyman coopers ; he departed this life many years ago. William Kaltenbach, in Fall Creek Townsiiip, is the youngest son of Sales and Magdalene (Meyer) Kaltenbach. John Gerhard Kurk, born in the latter part of the eighteenth cen- tury, in Klostcrschale, Prussia, emigrated in 1835, accompanied by his oldest son John, landing at Baltimore, they located in Cumberland, Maryland, where they remained for some time, later (in 1837) com- ing West, and settling in this county, out on the prairie, near the present town of Golden. In 1843 the wife of John Gerhard Kurk, IMarie. nee Koper, eanie to this country with four other children, who had remained in the fatherland, when her husband and oldest son emigrated, and they all settled down in Northeast Township, being the first German family that located on the Golden Prairie. John Kurk, son of John Gerhard and ;\Iarie (Koper) Kurk. was born in Klosterschalc. June 13. 1813. and came to Quincy after his parents had located in Northeast Township. For a lunnber of years he con- ducted a brickyard in this city, and later established a .saw mill and a grist mill south of the city on the Bottom Road. He was married three times, his first wife being JIarie Stcinagel, the second wife Marie E.seh, and the third wife Catherine Vogelreich. John Kurk died June 12. 1866. leaving two sons. George and John Kurk. Jr.. and one daughter. Marie. Both sons died years ago. while the daughter is still among the living, residing in this city. She was twice married; her first husband was Jai-ob Schneider, and he died many years ago; later she was married tii Henry ficisc, who died some years ago. Michael Steiner, born January 30, isH), in Sachsen Coburg, Ger- many, came to New York in 1836. Proceeding to Pittsburgh, he found 332 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY employment on a coal boat, going to Vieksburg, Mississippi. Coming to Quiney in 1837, he went to work on the steamer Olive Branch, in the river traffic, between St. Louis and Galena, Illinois. Later he worked in Whipple's sawmill north of Quiney, and while there sawed the ash flooring for 0. H. Browning's residence, and also sawed the first timber for Timothy Rogers' wagon works. Li 1839 ]\Iichael Steiner married Anna Catherine Goebel, who was born February 20, 1820, in the Grandduehy of Hessen. He often related how in the severe winter of 1839-1840 the Mississippi froze up early, and the merchants of Quiney, whose stock of groceries became exhausted, were compelled to have goods brought overland by wagons from St. Louis. Salt sold at $4 per bushel at that time, while wheat at times brought only 25 cents per bushel. In 1842 the family located in Keene Town- ship and went to farming. Michael Steiner died in May, 1892, his wife following him in death in May, 1898. George Steiner, a son of Michael and Anna Catherine (Goebel) Steiner, was born in Adams County June 6, 1848, acquired his early education in the public schools, and being reared on the farm, early became familiar with the duties and labors of the agriculturist. Acquiring considerable land in Keene Township and also in Hancock County, Illinois, he operated all of his land and engaged extensively in stock raising. In 1904 he assisted in organizing the Loraine State Bank, and became president of that institution, a position he held until his death, December 2, 1917. George Steiner married Elizabeth Anna Humphrey March 27, 1873, who was born November 22, 1854, a daughter of David B. and Sarah (Wright) Humphrey in Lewis County, Missouri. Their children are : John H., born January 5, 1874, chose the calling of a teacher, became principal of the Coats- burg High School, and in 1910 was elected superintendent of schools of Adams County, a position which he holds at present ; Edwin E., born April 21, 1875, at present is railway mail clerk between Chicago and Kansas City, ]Missouri ; Michael E., born April 1, 1877, now is a farmer on the old homestead; Louis L., born March 4, 1879. who studied medicine in the Medical College at Keokuk, now is established as physician in Danville, Illinois ; Glenn H., boni January 9, 1881, resides on a farm near the old home ; Karl, born March 28, 1883, also studied medicine in the Keokuk Medical College, and is practicing physician in Rushville, Illinois; Agnes, born April 3, 1885, is the wife of J. Frank Adair and lives in Quiney ; and Bertha the wife of John F. Tanner, at Loraine. Dr. David Steiner, born near Loraine in 1860, a son of Michael and Anna Catherine (Goebel) Steiner, acquired his early education in the public schools near his home, and later attended Valparaiso College, Valparaiso, Indiana, where he completed his course and graduated with the class of 1883, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Desiring to become a member of the medical fraternity he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, and completed the regular course, graduating with the class of 1886. Re- QUIXCY AND ADAMS COLXTY 333 turning to his home town Loraine, lie practiced his profession there for five years, but wishing a wider field of labor, he eaine to Quinuy in 1891, and has been actively engaged in the practice of medicine ever since. Dr. David D. Stciner in 1887 married Emma I. Rus.sell, daughter of L. D. Russell, Russell's Place. Ohio. They have one son, Hugh Wynne, who is in Montana with a lumber company. The other children of Michael and Anna Catherine (Gocbel) Steiner are: Amelia, wife of Peter Kropp, Mountain Grove, Missouri; Hiram, farmer near Stilwell, Hancock County, Illinois; and Xaney E., wife of Monroe Hartiiian. Loraine, this county. Henry Schuchmann, born August 15, 1810, in Liehtcnberg, Grand- duchy of Hessen, came to America in 1826, landing in New York, where he worked as stonecutter for six months. Then he went afoot to Buffalo, following his trade as stonecutter for two years. He then came West, partly by stage coach and partly by river, locating in St. Louis, where he worked as mill-wright for two years. In 1831 he came to Quincy for a short time, but soon returned to St. Louis, where in 1835 he married p]lizabeth Margaretha Waldhaus, born August 9, 1818, in Klein-Hiberau. Grandduchy of Ilessen. In 1837 tlie couple came to Quincy with their little daughter Elizabeth. Here Henry Schuchmann followed his trade as stone cutter, working as such on the Quincy House and on the courthouse, which was built on the cast side of Washington Square. In 1843 the family moved to Melrose Township, locating near Mill Creek, where they followed farming for many years. Henry Schuchmann also was a musician and mem- ber of the first band organized in Quincy. During the '50s of last century Henry and Elizabeth ^l. (W^aldhaus) Schuchmann built a little church on their farm, covering an area of about 20 by 24 feet. This "little church," located perhaps a mile east of St. Anthony's Church in ^Melrose, was often used by students of Quincy English and German College, located where Jefferson School now stands. Students, who were preparing themselves for the ministry in the Methodist Church, occasionally went out to preach in "the little church" on the Sciiuchiiiann farm. Services were also held by other denominations in that little church, which long since has disappeared. Henry Sclnicliiiiann died April 24, 1880, his wife having preceded him in death .hine 14, 1879. Children of Henry and Elizabeth .M. (Waldhaus) Schuchmann were: Elizabeth, who became the wife of David Renter, and died in 1892: Mary, was married to George Dickhut, and died years ago; Emma, the wife of Christian Ilendrieker, both have died; Hannah, wife of David King, lives in Quincy; Margaret, wife of Philip Grucnewabl, retired minister, both live in Peoria; Henry Schuchmann, Jr., for many years engaged as carpenter, died about si.x years ago; John P. Schuchmann, lives in Wichita, Kansas, where he is engaged in the real estate business: Charles Schuclniiann. who followed farming at Woodland. Jlissouri, died a number of years ago. 334 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Anton Binkert, born in 1806 in Amoltern, Baden, married Theresa Troxler, who was born in 1802 in Amoltem. The couple came to America, arriving in Quincy ]\Iareh 8, 1837. At that time there were a number of log cabins surrounding what today is known as Washington Park, and people went hazel-nutting and rabbit-hunting there. When the family, consisting of father, mother and two chil- dren, reached Quincy, their cash amounted to 95 cents. But Anton Binkert was of sturdy stock and went to work at 75 cents per day. He was employed in opening Broadway from the river. Afterwards he worked for Joel Rice, who conducted a wholesale iron and steel business, and a grocery, in whose employ he remained for about twenty- five 3'cars. Later Anton Binkert engaged in business for himself, con- ducting a grocery store from 1854 up to 1868. Anton Binkert died in 1872, his wife "followed him in death 1883. Anton Binkert, Jr., son of Anton and Theresa (Troxler) Binkert, was born in Amoltern, Baden, June 4, 1836, and came with his parents to Quincy in 1837. He grew up in this city and when old enough to work, learned the trade of carriage maker in the shop of Mr. Weatherwax, which afterward changed and finally was bought by E. M. IVIiller, becoming the foundation for the present factory. Anton Binkert, Jr., spent three years on the plains during the gold excitement 1859, 1860 and 1861, mining in Colorado. When the Civil war broke out he spent three years in the army in a civil capa- city. Later he engaged in merchandising. In 1872 he was elected as a member of the city council, Init resigned in the fall of 1873 to accept the office of city collector, a vacancy occurring. Later he was elected collector for a full term. In 1877 he was elected county treasurer, and re-elected in 1879, holding over until 1882, on account of a change in the law governing that office. After leaving the treas- urer's office, the real estate, loan and insurance firm of Binkert & Cruttenden was established, which continued until April, 1897, when John S. Cruttenden retired, and George A. Binkert, the son, became associated with his father under the firm name A. Binkert & Son. From 1897 to 1899 Aiiton Binkert represented the Fourth Ward in the city council. In 1863 he married Ellen Beatty, born in Adams County in 1838. Anton Binkert having retired from active business, the sons George A. and William J. Binkert now conduct the business. John Wenzel, born August 9, 1816, in Reibig, Grandduchy of Hessen, came to America in 1832, locating in Maryland, Avhere he M'orked for three years and then proceeded to St. Louis, where he remained for two yeai-s. In 1837 he came to Quincy, and went to work for John Wood. Then he worked in a quarry, blasting rock for the cellar of the Quincy House in 1838. Later he located in Mel- rose, devoting himself to agriculture. John Wenzel married Eliza- beth Maria Liebig, a cousin of Prof. Justus Liebig, the great German chemist; she was born in 1817, in Gross-Biberau, Grandduchy of Hessen and came to Quincy in 1888 with her parents. John Wenzel QriXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 335 died in February, 1892, and his wife departed this life in August of the same year. The children of John and Elizabeth M. (Liebig) Wenzel were: John Wcnzel. Jr., smith and wagon maker in this city; Henry and George Wenzel, farmers in Adams County; ilrs. Sophia Lawber in this county, and Mrs. Emilie Koehler in Quincy. Jacob Jocst, born June 20, 1811, in Buchtlingen, Grandduchy of ITessc!!. In 1837 he married Gertrude Schmitt. horn in Gcorgheim, Grandduchy of Ilt-sseu, in the same year they left their home in Loehrbach, coming to America, and located in Quincy. In 1849 the whole family wore taken down by cholera, all of them dying, with the exception of one daughter, Gertrude, who wa.s adopted and raised by the family of her uncle, Adam Schmitt. She grew up in Quincy and heiamc the wife of Prof. John Iloefcr, music teacher and director of singing societies. John Henry Lock, born October 21, 1810, in Niedervorschuetz, Principality of Ilessen, left his home in the fatherland March 21, 1834, landing in New York. Later he came West, arriving in Quincy in 1837. Being a blacksmith by profession, he worked at his trade for some j-ears. and then became a contractor, aiding in the con- struction of railroads, he doing the earth-work, filling and grading, etc. For eight years he was street commissioner of Quincy. June 29, 1838, John Henry Lock married Eva -Maria Kirseh, born 1806 in Fussgoenheim, Bavaria ; she died of cholera in 1849. Later he married Eva Maria Breitwiescr. born in Kleestadt, Grandduchy of Ilessen. John Henry Lock died March 28, 1873, his wife de])artiiig this life in 1885. Two sons of John Henry Lock served in the Union army during the Civil war, Henry Lock in the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illi- nois Infantry, and Christian Lock in the One Hundred and Forty- eighth Illinois Infantry. Albert Danecke, born February 2, 1807, in Bremen, after receiving the necessary education, decided to become a merchant. In 1835 he came to America, locating in Baltimore, where he was in business for two years. At the solicitation of his friend L. W. F. Butzc, whose acfpiaintance he had made in Bremen, Albert Danecke in 1837 came to Quincy, where he entered the mercantile field, in which he was engaged for twelve years until his death, caused by cholera, July 11, 1849. His mother, Mrs. Margaret E. Danecke, who came to this country with her son, died in Quincy August 4, 1845, aged si.xty-eight years. Albert Danecke 's wife. Sophia Georgina, nee Rehlwck, departed this life in 1857. The son, Albert Danecke, Jr., died in St. Louis in 1876. Jlrs. Sophia Best, the wife of John H. Best, president of the Illinois State Bank in Quincy, is the only daughter of Albert Danecke, Sr., who still is among the living. Jacob Michel and his wife Katherine nee Schaffner, both born near Strassburg, Alsace, came to Quincy in 1837. They had one daugh- 336 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ter, Salome, seveu years of age, who in 1851 became the wife of Valentine Blank, a native of Baden, who came to Quincy in 1848, and conducted a brewery at Sixth and State streets, until his death in 1854. The widow became the wife of Gustave Thies, a native of "Westphalia, who conducted the brewery until his death in 1868. Mrs. Thies died in 1913. Charles A. Blank, eldest son of Valentine and Salome (Michel) Blank, when thirteen years of age, was employed in the wholesale grocery of George T. and Frederick W. Meyer, and remained with the same house during the different changes of the firm to George T. Meyer, Budde & Meyer, then Warfield, Budde & Meyer, and finally the Warfield Grocer Company, becoming secretary and treasurer of the great house, which he had entered as a boy of thirteen, and with which he was connected for thirty-five years. He at present is conducting a laundry in Chicago. Gustave Thies, Jr., a son of Gustave and Salome (INIichel) Thies, lives in St. Louis, Arnold Thies, another son, is proprietor of a drug store in Hinsdale, Illinois ; Miss Antoinette Thies the only daughter living, is established as a dressmaker in Quincy. Bernard Henry Starmann, born in 1810 in Grossendohren, Han- over, came to Quincy in 1837, accompanying Father August Brick- wedde, the first German Catholic priest stationed in this cit.y. He worked for Governor Thomas Carlin, and also for Willard Keyes. After a sojourn of five years in Quincy, Bernard Starmann returned to the fatherland to settle an estate, he being the eldest son in the family. He there met and married Maria Gesina Dall. Both died in their native country. One son, George, and one daughter, Lizetta Starmann, came to Quincy in 1870. The latter became the wife of Bernard Stroot and remained in Quincy thirteen years ; after the death of her husband she returned to the fatherland. George Star- mann, born April 21, 1855, served an apprenticeship with George Landwelir. the painter and paperhanger. In 1877 he went into busi- ness with Ben S. Lock, and ten years later, in 1887, established a business of his own, in which he was very successful until 1911, when he retired from active business life. In 1882 George Starmann mar- ried Elizabeth Tenk, daughter of the old pioneer Henry Tenk. They have two sons George and Rudolph Starmann, both in Chicago, George being a chemist, and Rudolph is engaged as auditor with a large real estate firm. Two brothers of George Starmann, August and Clemens, are established in the painting, wall papering and decorating business in St. Joseph, Missouri. Clark Strickler, born 1833, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, was of German lineage. In 1837 his father came to Adams County and located in Houston Township, following agricultural pursuits. Clark Strickler married Julia Sproat, born 1841 in Adams County. During the Civil war he engaged in merchandising in York Neck. Clark Strickler died in 1895, his wife preceding him in death in 1883. Their QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 337 cliildreii were: Urville, wlio heeaiue a merchant in Meiidun ; Minnie, wife of Charles H. Nutt, nierehant in Mendon, and David P. Strickler, a graduate of different hififlier schools and colleges, also of the Univer- sity of Michigan. Septenil)er 8, 1904, he marriod Edith Sinclair Rice, daughter of Dr. J. H. and JIary (Sinclair) Rice, and finally located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Jeremiah Strickler, born 1835 in Pennsylvania, grew up on the farm in Houston Township, and later married Sarilda Downing. Will)er Strickler, a son of Jeremiah and Sarilda (Downing) Strickler January 24, 1883, married Emma C. Groves, daughter of Stephen and JIary Jane (Campbell) Groves, her father being of German lineage, whose great-grandfather came from Germany about the time when William Penn established Pennsyl- vania, from whom he received a land grant, and settled at what is known as Graf's Run; this would indicate that the name originally was written Graf. He was a Quaker by faith. His sons were: Jacob, a weaver; Joseph, a farmer his wife lieing Catherine Staley, her ances- tors came from Pennsylvania, of German extraction, as the name indicates. Stephen Groves, born in West Virginia, February 22, 1818, came west with his grandparents in 1828, in an old-fashioned prairie schooner, drawn by horses. He finally engaged in farming in Houston Township, and married Mrs. Nancy Strickler, December 28, 1846. Her maiden name was Xaney Witt, of German lineage, and her first husband, Abrain Strickler. survived their marriage only a few months. She died June 26, 1850. Stephen Groves later married Jane Campbell. The history of the Ruff family in Quincy is very interesting. Their forefathers were Huguenots, who had settled at Lake Geneva, in French Switzerland, and al.so at La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland. The name originally was written Ruoff. The history of the family can oidy be traced back to three boys, aged 13, 11, and 9 years, respec- tively, who were the only survivors of their family after that horrible massacre of Bartholomew's Night, August 24, 1572, where they wit- nessed the killing of their ])arents and sister. The boys escaped onto a raft, which during the night came down the River Aar. Although discovered by the raft-men, they were allowed to remain on the raft, which finally reached the River Rhine, when the youngest of the boys, l)cing weak and of no special benefit to the raft-men, was put off at Koblenz. The boy then made an attempt to get ijack to his old home, and wandered along the Moselle in the direction of Metz. He rode on the wagon of a charcoal burner to the border of Alsace, and finally was placed under guardianship at Neu Hornbach, where he grew up to inanhood. and the family lived for several centuries. In 1793, Ludwig Ruff, born 1776 in .\eu Ilornliach, moved to Weissenburg, Alsace, and. being a millwright, entered the service of a mill owner by the name of Rreit. Later he went to Weiler near Weissenburg and erected a mill of his own, conducting an oil mill and a saw mill. In 1802 he married Elizabeth Breit, a daughter of the miller Breit ; she 338 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was boru in 1778. He also was elected as burgomaster of Weiler, where the couple remained until 1837, when they emigrated, came to America and located in Quincy, where Ludwig Ruff died in 1846 ; his wife departing this life in 1857. Jacob Ruff, the eldest son of Ludwig and Elizabeth (Breit) Ruff, was born in "Weiler, Alsace, in 1804, where he learned the carpenter's trade, and married ^largaretha Burg, born in the same town in 1815. They emigrated to America and located in Quincy in 1838. Jacob Ruff for many years was engaged as carpenter and later opened a grocery store at Fifth and State streets, which he conducted for a number of years. He died October 3, 1895, and his wife followed him in death September 15, 1896. Chil- dren were : Mrs. Rosa Kull, wife of the saddler John E. KuU, Ottumwa, Iowa; Mrs. Caroline Weber, wife of the druggist Christ Weber in Quincy ; Mrs. Elizabeth Ureeh, wife of Frederick Urech, near Kirks- ville, Missouri; Mrs. Marie Keller, wife of William Keller, near La Plata, ^Missouri; and Mrs. Sophia Morgan, at La Plata, Missouri. Caspar Ruff, the second sou of Ludwig and Elizabeth (Breit) Ruff was born in Weiler, Alsace, in 1806. As soon as able, he assisted his father in the mill, and later was apprenticed to the Genauds, proprie- tors of the great iron works in Schoenau. After serving his appren- ticeship, he returned to Weiler, where he built a smithery and a forge. He and his brother, Jacob Ruff, also conducted an oil mill and a saw mill. The first trip-hammer used in Weiler was made by Caspar Ruff, and is still there, as a remembrance, a relic of those days, eighty years ago, when he, in the prime of his life, was a promi- nent factor in the industry of his native town. When Henry Ruff, the eldest son of Caspar Ruff, visited Weiler years ago, he was shown the trip-hammer his father made. In 1832 Caspar Ruff married Margaret Salome Bastian in Weiler, and in 1837 the family emigrated to America. They came to Quincy, where they arrived July 9th, of said year, locating here for life. Caspar Ruff began his activity in Quincy as a mill-wright, also conducting a smith shop at the southwest corner of Sixth and State streets. In the early '40s of the last century he erected the original Washington Brewery, the second brewery in Quincy, which he in company with William Gasser conducted for a time ; he also served in the Mormon war. Later he assumed the business and together with Theodore Brinckwirth conducted the brewery at Sixth and State streets for three years, when Brinckwirth left for St. Louis, where he established a brewery. Finally Caspar Ruff sold the Washington Brewery to Blank & Thies, and in 1855 erected a brewery on South Twelfth Street, which he conducted until 1863, when he retired from active business, which was assumed and continued by his sons John and Caspar Ruff, Jr. Caspar Ruff, Sr., died in 1873, his wife living for a quarter of a century after her husband's death, she departing this life in 1899. Heni-y Ruff, the eldest son of Caspar and ilargaret Salome (Bastian) Ruff, was born in Quincy, September 19, 1839, where he grew up, assisting his father in the brewery business until 1855, when he went to Germany for griXCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 339 some time, preparing for the iiicreantile Ijii.siiie.ss. Keturiiing to (^liney, he opened a dry goods storecame tlie wife of Edward Wild, a prominent business man; Marie, another daughter, was married to Otto Ringier, also prominent in business. All persons mentioned in the foregoing have departed this life years ago, but a number of descendants are among tin' living. Frank Rettig, born in 1800, in Gross-Biberau. Grandduehy of Ilessen, married Elizabeth Merker of the same town. They came to America in 1831. locating in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. In 1838 the family came "West, locating in Quiney, where Mrs. Rettig died ; her husband later moved to Perry, Pike County, Illinois, where Frank Rettig. Jr., born November 18, 1833, learned the blacksmith's trade. In 1855 he married Adeline Webb of Morgan County, Illinois. For twenty years he followed blaeksmithing in Loraine, this county. When the Civil war broke out the Rettig family were patriotic. Frank Rettig, Sr., enlisted in Company B, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, and Frank Rettig, Jr., joined Company F, of the same regiment ; two other sons rallied to their country's call. Louis Rettig .inined the Third Illinois Cavalry, and Philip Rettig, the Sixth Illinois Cavalry. Nine years ago Frank Rettig, Jr., and his wife entered the Illinois Soldiers' anil Sailors' Home in Quiney, where he died the latter part of January, 1918. Three .sons survive : Charles, a bariicr in Shrevc- port, Louisiana ; Frank, Jr., a traveling salesman, in Springfield, Missouri ; and William Rettig, in Ilanford, California. Philip Schwebcl. born September 13. 1813. in Oberhausen, Grand- duchy of Ilessen. came to America in 1836. locating in New York City, where he married Elizabeth Schcrcr. In 1838 they came to Quiney, where Philip Schwebcl. who was a master of his trade, did all kinds of fine machine blaeksmithing for many years. He died in 18!*2. his wife having preceded him in death in 1888. William Schwebcl, the eldest .son, learned the machinist's trade. During the Civil war he 342 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY served in the Union army, as second lieutenant of Company F, Forty- third Illinois Infantry; after the war he went West and opened a machine shop in San Francisco, California. Edward Schwebel, the second son, served in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry ; he also was a machinist, and later moved to Burlington, Iowa, where he followed his trade. Henry George Schwebel, the third son, still resides in Quincy, where he has a position as shipping clerk in the Thomas White Stove Foundry. George Liebig was born 1770 in Gross-Biberau, Grandduehy of Hessen. He was a shoemaker by occupation, and an uncle of Prof. Justus Liel)ig. the German chemist. He married Elizabeth Breit- wieser, born 1779 in Kleestadt, Grandduehy of Ilessen. In 1838 the couple came to Quincy, where Liebig died in the same year, while his wife lived until 1869. Two sons came to this country with their parents, ]>oth l)eing shoemakers. George P. Liebig located in St. Louis, and John Leonard Liebig, in Belleville, Illinois, where he mar- ried Elizabeth Schubkegel, and conducted his business until 1849, when he became a victim of cholera. John P. Liebig, a son of John Leonard and Elizabeth (Schubkegel) Liebig, was born in Belleville, Februarj' 2, 1848, and came to Quincy in 1866, where he is estab- lished as a dealer in coal, wood, and ice. He married Hannah Heit- land, and they have three sons and three daughters. George and Eliza- beth (Breitwieser) Liebig, who came to Quincy in 1838, also had three daughters : Elizabeth Barbara, wife of Jean Philip Bert ; Mar- garet, wife of Simon Glass; and Elizabeth JIaria, wife of John Wenzel, all of them residing in this county, where they died many years ago. Henry Bornmann, born in 1800 in Hatzfeld, circuit of Giessen, Grandduehy of Hessen, was a paper miller, and married Elizabeth Kuhn, born in the circuit of Wittgenstein. In 1834 they came to America, and located in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. lu 1838 the fam- ily came to Quincy. There being no paper mill here, Henry Boi'n- mann conducted a lime kiln. His wife died in 1849 of cholera and he became a victim of the same plague in 1851. The eldest son, Henry, born in Germany, was a watchmaker and died of the yellow fever in New Orleans in 1852. Theodore Bornmann, the second son, born September 24, 1843, in Quincy, grew up in this city, where he for many years was engaged as a painter and paper hanger. In November, 1864, he married Mary Waldhaus, daughter of George F. and Marie (Gasser) Waldhaus. She died twenty-six _years ago, and a year later Theodore Bornmann married Mrs. Katherine Eisenstein, widow of Louis Eisenstein. Sons of Theodore and Mary (Waldhaus) Bornmann living are: George, Albert, William, Frank, and Frederick; besides one daughter, Cora, wife of Frank Reed, in Ellendale, North Dakota. Two grandsons of Theodore Bornmann, Elmer and August, sons of George Bornmann, are serving in the army of the United States. i^riXCV AND ADAMS COUNTY 343 Gi'orge Jacob Waldhaus. Ixnii 1797 in Oberau, Graudduchy of Hcsseii, married Kathcrinc Vondersehmitt, born in the same town, Defcmber 31, 1792. In 1837 the family emigrated, landing in New- Orleans New Year's night 1838. In July of the same year tiie family located in Quincy, where Mrs. Waldhaus died June 6, 1863, her hus- band departing this life July 26, 1869. George Frederick Waldhaus, sou of George Jacob and Katlierine (Vondersciimitt) Waldiiaus, born Jlay 23, 1819, in Kleiu-Biberau, came to Quiney with his parents. lie learned the cooper's trade, and for nmuy years conducted a sliop in tiiis city. In 1840 he nuirricil .Marie Gasser, born March 1, 1824, in Baden. George Frederick Waldhaus sen'ed iu the Mormon war of 1S44 as a member of the German Guards. For many years lie was prominent in public life, holding many offices of honor and trust. Iu 1854-55 he was city marshal ; in 1856-57 city treasurer ; in the spriug of 1865 he was elected mayor of the city; from 1874 until 1879 he rei)rescntcd the Third Ward iu the board of supervisors. In 1890 George Frederick and Marie Waldhaus celebrated their golden wed- ding, attended liy a great number of relatives and personal friends. Jlrs. Waldhaus died September 21, 1892; her husband, February 3, 1899. Three sons survive : Henrj- W. Waldhaus, born September 13, 1842. who at the age of fifteen drove a mail wagon, receiving twcnty- tive dollars a month. Later he learned the cooper's trade. In 1866 he was elected as street commissioner. For thirty years he was assistant a.s.sessor of the Town of Quincy. His wife, Caroline, nee Wober, died many years ago. Fred Waldhaus, the second son, a machinist by trade, is at present engineer in the house of correction. Edw-ard, the third son, is a paper hanger by trade and located in the eastern part of this county. George Philip Rcilstein, Iiorn June 29. 1805, in Lichtenbcrg, Grand- duchy of Ilessen, was a baker. In March, ISlJT, he emigrated to America and located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. There he met and married Anna Elizabeth Klingler, born 1805 in Reichelsheim, Grand- duchy of Ilcssen. In 1838 the family came to Quincy, where George Philip Beilstein went to work in the Star Mills as fireman and then as engineer. Two years later he went to farming near Mill Creek. His wife died in 1867, while he departed this life in 1888. Two sous, Philip and George, grew up on the farm and followed agriculture. Philip died in 1902, George in 1918. Philip Beilstein related the following interesting reminiscences alrout country life in the early days: "Within a stretch of three miles there were nine mills on Mill Creek, serving as saw mills and grist mills, and run by water power. Corn and wheat were simply ground without separating the bran from the flour, and the meal thus secured was tasteful and wholesome. Occasionally it would happen that the mills were put out of com- mission, owing to the lack of water, and then we had to resort to our coffee mill to grind the grain. Some of the dwellings were built of logs and others by using slabs or clapboards. Wooden pegs were 344 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY used iu connecting the frame work. ^Matches were a coinraodity not known in those days, and fires had to be started by the aid of flint and steel, in connection with punk. This being very tedious, people were careful to keep the fire on the hearth alive ; when retiring for the night, ashes were heaped on the glimmering coal, to be removed in the morning, when wood placed on the live coal would soon result in a blazing tire. But it sometimes happened that the fire was out in the morning, and then some member of the family had to start out with an iron kettle to "borrow fire" from the next neighbor, which, of course, was not pleasant when the temperature was way below zero." Besides the two sons mentioned above, George Philip and Anna Elizabeth (Klingler) Beilstein had three daughters: Marie, the wife of C. F. A. Behrensmeyer, building contractor and later proprie- tor of a general store. Elizabeth, wife of Peter Scheer, Slater, Mis- souri; and Pauline, wife of William Wenzel, farmer on the Payson prairie in this county. All of them have departed this life years ago ; many descendants are among the living. John Breitwieser, born July 9, 1816, in Kleestadt, Grandduchy of Hessen, learned the shoemaker's trade with George Liebig in Gross- Biberau. The latter part of 1837 he emigrated and came to America, landing in Baltimore. Later he came West, arriving in Quincy May 17, 1838, where he settled for life. In the same year the first German Protestant church, St. John's Church, was built in this city and John Breitwieser assisted in the construction of the building, which was erected on the east side of South Seventh Street, between York and Kentucky, on the site where at present St. John's Lutheran Church stands. In 1842 John Breitwieser, with William Dickhut and Robert Benneson, went overland to Wisconsin in a wagon drawn by four horses. Prairie chickens were so numerous that they could kill them with clubs. They traveled 600 miles before they reached the first sawmill, conducted by Frank Biron, a Frenchman, six miles north of Grand Rapids on the Wisconsin River. After trading their horses and wagon for 30,000 feet of lumber, and constructing a raft, they started down stream, bound for Quincy, an Indian serving as pilot. En route the voyagers lost their course, getting into a "blind alley." The water rushing over the raft, the three men had to stand in the water up to their hips for two days, when a steamboat came along, noticed their distress, and rescued them by dragging the raft into the regular channel, they then continuing their trip to Quincy. John Breitwieser served in the Mormon war as a member of the Quincy German Guards. For many years he was in the employ of Dickhut & Benneson. the lumber dealers, also as teamster n* the Eagle Mills. John Breitwieser was twice married : his first wife was Jlarie Huenecke, born near Bremen, Germany ; his second wife, Amalie Reinecker, from Muehlhausen, Thuringia. September 15, 1901, he died a widower aged over eighty-five years. Children living are : Charles William Breit- wieser, Mrs. Mary Buerkin, and Jliss Emilie Breitwieser, all in Quincy. QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 345 ("harlt's William Hreitwieser, the son, horn March 5. Ib6'2. k-ft school when thirteen years of age to learn the eigarmaker's trade, but a year later accepti-d a position in a retail store. Remaining sixteen years he secured a comprehensive knowieilge in every department and in 1892 bought the grocery business from William Evers, which he continued for twelve years. In 1904 he sold out and for a number of years has been manager of the Gem City Transfer Company. In 1882 he married Clara Rothgeb, a daughter of the old German pioneer Henry Rothgeb. Frederick Wellmann. boi'n Api-il !t. IS]."), in Anknni. Hanover, was a painter, emigrated in the fall of 1835, and landed in Haltimorc in the s{)ring of 1836, the trip having rchalia, and came to Quincy in 1851. The family lived immediately south of the city in Jlelrose Township, where they for many years raised all kinds of garden products, ilay 25, 1901. the couple celebrated their golden wedding. Both have since died. Children living are: Frank Kroner, dairyman ; Josephine, wife of Frank Wiskirchen, and Cecelia, wife of John Wiskirchen, all in Melrose. Jacob Wolf was liorii June 16, 1784, in Buchsweilcr, Alsace. Napoleon I wanted him to take part in the campaign of 1812 against Russia, but Jacob Wolf had no inclination to do so. and joined the Prussian army. Later he nuirried Sophia Rogge. born in Prussia in 1787. In 1830 the couple came to America, locating in Kentucky, and in the early '40s they came to Adams County, locating near Jlill Creek, where Jacob Wolf for many years followed agrieultnral pursuits until his death, October 10, 1866, his wife following him in death November 2, 1870. Anna Sophia, a daughter of Jacob and Sophia (Rogge) Wolf became the wife of Blasius Mueller, born in Stacttin, Siginar- ingcn, who was among the early settlers in Quincy, where he for many years followed his calling as carpenter and builder; another daughter. .\nna Louisa, became the wife of Henry Dover, a tailor, born in Alsace, who was among the early pioneers of Adams County. JIany descendants of both families reside in this countv. 350 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY John Wendel Schnellbaclier, born Augnst 22, 1807, in Wersau, Grandducliy of Hessen, married Anna Marie Riedel, also bom in Wersau, May 2, 1807. In the fall of 1839 the family emigrated to Amei'ica, landing in New Orleans January 1, 1840, the trip across the ocean requiring seventy-five days; coming up the Mississippi, they arrived in Quincy February 22, 1840. After a short stay in the city, they moved to the country, where they located near Mill Cre«k and went to farming. One son, Jacob Schnellbacher, also became a farmer, and died many years ago. Daughters were: Elizabeth, wife of the farmer Caspar Uebner; IVIargaret, wife of George Schardon, boiler maker; Kate, wife of the farmer Henry Bangert; Catherine, wife of August Tansmann; and Dorothea, wife of Andrew Keller. Only the three last mentioned daughters are among the living. Gottfried Ehrgott was born January 23, 1819, in Obei'simten, near Pirmasens, Rhenish Bavaria. He emigrated in 1837 and came to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where he learned the baker's trade. In 1840 he came to Quincy, where he remained for a short time, then he went to Keokuk, Iowa, from there to Warsaw, Illinois, but soon re- turned to Quincy, settling here for life. He established a bakery in this city and gained quite a reputation with his business. During the Mormon troubles he served in Capt. John Bernard Schwindeler's company, the Quincy German Guards. When the war with Mexico broke out, Gottfried Ehrgott furnished the necessary bread for a regiment of soldiers enroute to Mexico, which camped in the woods at Watson's Springs, the present South Park. In 1842 he married Margaret Waldhaus, a daughter of George Jacob Waldhaus, who had come to Quincy with her parents in 1838. Mrs. Ehrgott died in February, 1896, her husband died in 1911. One son, George, an upholsterer, survives; also one daughter, Mrs. Barbara Dix, formerly police matron, widow of Capt. Henry A. Dix, now having her home in New Orleans. George Joseph Laage, born in Hopstcn, Westphalia, November 26, 1819, came to this country by way of Baltimore in 1837. From there, he, with other immigrants, went overland to Pittsburgh, and then by boat to Louisville, where he remained for a short time. German workmen being in demand in an earthenware factory in Troy, In- diana, he went there to work. Later he went to Cincinnati where he learned the hatter's trade. In the course of time he became business manager of the hat works. Visiting Quincy on one of his trips, he decided to locate here, and settled in this city in 1840, buying a lot on Hampshire, between Fourth and Fifth streets. Later he opened a factory at the Quincy Bay, where he made felt hats ; besides he made silk hats, caps and fur goods. Thus he became the pioneer hatter and furrier of Quincy. In 1844 George J. Laage took a trip to Cincin- nati, where he married Elizabeth Kessing. After her death he in 1846 married Anna Katherine Heine. For more than fifty years he QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 351 was engaged in business, finally retiring. March 4, 1904, he departed this life, his wife having preceded him in death years before. One son, George J. Laage. Jr., located in St. Louis many years ago. There were two dauglitt-i-s, Mary, wlio remained single, and Clara, wife of Rudolph Hutmacher. Jr., tioth residing in Galesburg. Illinois. Michael Loos was liorn September 24, 1815. in Krumbach, Grand- duchy of He.sscn. and emigrated to America, leaving his home Oc- tober 22. 18.Sf). Crossing tlio Atlantic ocean in a sailing ves.sel, the party landed in New Orleans December 31st of the same year. Michael Loos located in Quincy. where lie remained for four years, working in John Kiirk's brickyard durinfr the summer time, and for Joel Rice, the pork packer, in the winter time. April 4, 1S44, he married Marie M. \Valdhaus, a daughter of Konrad Henn- Waldhaus, who had come from Klein-Hiberau, (Jraiiddnchy of Ilessen, in 1835. The young couple then moved to the country and located on a farm near Mill Cre- brick building on Hamiishire Street, which is still there, and conducted a general store. The winter of 1845-1846 was very severe, grocers' supplies became exhausted. To satisfy his 368 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY customers, Stuekenburg hitched his horses to a sleigh, drove to St. Louis and secured a load of groceries. On his return trip, while crossing over the ice of the Illinois River, the team broke through, the sleigh with the groceries and one of the horses were lost. Joseph Stuckenburg mounted the other horse, w'rapped a blanket he had saved around his shoulders, and rode to Quincy. Arriving here at night, he was frozen so stiff that he was unable to dismount. His wife assisted him and when about to enter the house he fell, unable to rise. Neighbors were called, and with their aid his clothing was taken off and the man put to bed. But his health was broken, he lingered around until July 10, 1848, when he died, while his wife lived until 1890. The facts contained in the foregoing were given to the writer of this story in 1908 by Mrs. Josephine Hutmacher, daughter of Joseph Stuckenburg. Henry Teuk and his wife, Elizabeth, nee Selle, both born 1791 in Suedlohn, Westphalia, in 1844 came to Quincy with their family. Henry Tenk, being a clockmaker and skilled mechanic, cleaned and repaired clocks, calling at the homes of the people. He died Febru- ary 20, 1864, his wife September 18, the same year. Henry Tenk, Jr., eldest son of Henry and Elizabeth (Selle) Tenk, born in Suedlohn, September 7, 1829, entered the service of L. & C. H. Bull, dealers in hardware. Later he married Agnes Brockschmidt, a niece of Joseph Brockschmidt, the pioneer watchmaker ; she died 1861, leaving one daughter, Elizabeth, now the wife of George Starmann. Henry Tenk then married Gertrude Venvertloh, Miio died August 12, 1894; her husband departed this life February 21, 1912. Two sons, Rudolph and Frank J. Tenk, and one daughter, Sophia, wife of Dr. 0. F. Schullian, are among the living. John Herman Tenk, born July 7, 1837, in Suedlohn, entered the service of Bernard Lubbe, general store ; then Ricker & Amtzen, and finally Sawyer & Adams. In 1866 he married Theresia Ohnemus ; he died December 15, 1907, his wife in 1915. Children living are: Carl J. Tenk, John Herman Tenk, Jr., S. J., pi'iest in Central America : and two daughtei's, Coletta, the widow of Mas Reimbold, and Caroline Teuk, both in Los Angeles, California. Gertrude, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Selle) Tenk, born Decem- ber 3, 1833, in Suedlohn, became the wife of Henry P. J. Ricker, pioneer and banker; she died 1907. The Teuk Hardware Company, founded in 1865 by Henry and John H. Tenk, is now one of the largest establishments of its kind between Kansas City and Chicago, and between St. Louis and St. Paul. Rudolph Tenk is president and treasurer, Frank J. Tenk is vice president, and John H. Cox is secre- tary of the company. The history of the Sehaller family is especially interesting. John Stephen Sehaller, born February 1, 1801, in Sachsenhausen, Waldeck, with his second wife, Elizabeth, nee Leser, came to this country in QUINCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 369 1844, lauding twelve miles south of Quincy at Marion City. High water drove the people out of their homes, and the Sehaller family then located near Palmyra, Missouri, on a farm. Later they moved to LaUrange, ten miles north of Quincy, where John Stephen Sehaller followed his tradt- as stonemason until his death, Februaiy 18, 1857; his wife died a few years later. William Sehaller, the eldest sou, born January 11, 1823, married Elizabeth Iletzler in LaGrange. After eondueting a meat market until shortly before the Civil war, he exchanged his business for a farm near Mill Creek, south of Quincy. After the war he moved to Clarion County, Missouri, and followed farming until he died November 5, 1884, his wife departing this life May 20, 1904. One sou went to New Mexico, five other sons and two daughters remained in Clarion County. Frederick Sehaller, second son of John Stephen Sehaller, born July 20, 1834, crossed the plains in 1849 and worked in the mines of California for two years. Return- ing on the sailing vessel Yankee Blade, the ship was wrecked and he lost all his possessions. Finally returning, he married Anna Maria Frohn, who came to Quincy in 1844. In 1859, while conducting a business in LaGrange, Frederick Sehaller was the victim of a brutal outrage, perpetrated by unknown men. Eleven negro slaves had escaped to Illinois, gaining their freedom by means of the so-called "underground railway." A number of masked men appeared at the home of Frederick Sehaller in the night, dragged him out, accused him of having aided the slaves, and in spite of his most earnest denial and protestation, tied him to a tree, lashed and horsewhipped him, until his body was streaming with blood and life almost extinct. He was found by friends, who brought him to Quincj', where relatives nursed him liack to health. When the "War of the Rebellion broke out, Frederick Sehaller rallied to President Lincoln's first call, serving in the Tenth Illinois Infantry for three months. Then he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, became a sergeant and sen-ed to the end of the war. Returning to Quincy he was in business until his death, December 8, 1879; his wife died May 1, 1886. One son, Frederick, located in the West, and one daughter, Mrs. Sadie Agnew, in St. Louis. George Sehaller, the youngest son of John Stephen Sehaller, born in Sachsenhausen, Waldeck, February 18, 1844, grew up on the farm, later came to Quincy and learned the tin- ner's trade. At the beginning of the Civil war he enlisted in Com- pany C, Fiftieth Illinois Infantry, serving one year, when he was honorably discharged on account of disability contracted in the service. Januarj' 24, 1867, he married Pauline Dingeldein, daughter of the old pioneer Seba.stian Dingeldein. For twenty years he conducted a tin.shop in Quincy, then retired. His wife died years ago. Oiie son, George, Jr., is connected with a large hardware business in Denver, Colorado; another son, Albert, is with the Dun Mercantile Agency in Des Jloines, Iowa. Vol. I— !4 370 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Settlers op 1845 Theodore Brinldioff, bom 1809 in Holtbeck, "Westphalia, married Elizabeth Holbert, born 1805 in the same town. In 1845 the couple came to Quincy with their daughter, Elizabeth. For many years Theodore Brinkhoff conducted a cooper shop, employing a number of men, and was very successful, acquiring quite a competency. In 1884 he departed this life, his wife preceding him in death in 1880. Ferdinand Kampmann, born June 24, 1811, in Stromberg, West- phalia, was a baker, and married Johanna Buecker, born June 10, 1811, in the same town. The couple came to Quincy in 1845, where they conducted a bakery and restaurant. Later Ferdinand Kamp- mann acquired the brewery at Seventh and York streets, founded by a Mr. Francis, an Englishman, which he conducted for many years. Ferdinand Kampmann died April 27, 1885; his wife followed him in death July 24, 1901. John Henry Tushaus, born March 31, 1830, in Suedlohn, West- phalia, came to this country with his parents in 1844, and located in Quincy in 1845. For a number of years he was employed by Sylvester Thayer, and in 1859 became a partner of John Altmix, they con- ducting a general store. In 1865 he erected a building on Hampshire Street, where he conducted a grocery until his death in 1894. In 1852 John Henry Tushaus married Maria Anna Scheiner, his wife preceding him in death in 1891. Their children were: Mrs. Wm. Weisenhorn, Mrs. J. B. Ricker, Mrs. Joseph Michael, Thomas L. Tushaus, assistant cashier of the State Savings, Loan & Trust Com- pany, and Joesph H. Tushaus, the latter in St. Joseph, Missouri. Bernard Wewers, born 1824 in Stadtlohn, Westphalia, came to Quincy in 1845. Here he married Adelheid MoUer, born in Meesen, Hanover. For many years he, with his brothers, Henry and Joseph, was engaged in the construction of sidewalks. William Wewers, a son of Bernard Wewers, born 1851, learned the trade of saddler and harness maker ; later he went into the milling business, being connected with the Star ilills for eight years. Then he became one of the found- ers of the Gem City Stove Works, and was manager of the business until his death, May 9, 1912. In 1879 William Wewers married Mary Lechtenberg. She survives him with one daughter. Bertha, wife of Henry J. Rupp ; the latter is treasurer of the Gem City Stove Works. Bernard A. Wewers, born 1861, second son of Bernard and Adelheid (Moller) Wewers, for many years was foreman in the E. M. Miller Carriage Works. Anna Wewers, daughter of Bernard and Adelheid (Moller) Wewers, became the wife of Henry Lechtenberg, manager of the Central Iron Works. Ferdinand Henry Cramer, born 1825 in Sevelten, Oldenburg, where his father was a teacher, attended the teachers' seminary in QUIXCY AND ADAMS L'OLXTY 371 Vechta. preparing himself for the calling. In 1S45 he came to Cin- cinnati, but soon moved to (.^iiiiuy, where he was appointed as teacher of St. Boniface Parochial School, which position he held until 1849. Then he resigned, and together with Clemens Kathmaini conducted a dry goods and grocery store. October 25, iSolj, Ferdinand Henry Cramer married Marie Anna Koch. For years he was captain of Liberty No. 3, the old German company of the fire department. Being drenched by water during a contlagration, he contracted an ailment which resulted in his death, July 3, 1861. The widow still resides in Quiney.' One son, John Ferdinand, is in business in Chicago. John Leonard Roeder, born January 21, 1800, in Grossherbach, Bavaria, learned the shoemaker's trade with his father. Later he married ]\Iarie Appoloiiia Delim, born 1804 in Dauerzell, Bavaria. In 1844 they emigrated, landing in Philadelphia. They then left for the "West, coming by way of Cincinnati, down the Ohio and up the Mis- sissippi River to St. Louis; they then followed the Illinois River to Pittslield, Pike County, where they located, l)ut in 1845 came to Quiney, settling here for life. Roeder followed his trade in this city for many years. His wife preceded him in death in 1867, while he lived to the high old age of one hundred and eight years, his death occurring in 1908. Having adopted Johanna Heitland, an orphan, her parents dying early in the '50s of last century, this foster daughter, who later became the wife of John J. Liebig, repaid her foster-father by caring for him in his old age until he departed this life. Henry C. Bastert, bom 1815 in Brackwede, Westphalia, emigrated in 1843, came by way of New Orleans to St. Louis, where he worked in a sugar factory for two years, locating in Quiney in 1845. He served in the war with Mexico, and after that war conducted a grocery business in Quiney. Then he went to fanning near Tioga. Illinois, later returned to Quiney, where he was one of the organizers of the German Insurance and Savings Company, for years being president of the association. In 1894 he departed this life. Children living are : Mrs. Caroline Niemeyer, ]Mrs. Louisa Hartung and Miss Emma Bastert in Quiney, and ilrs. Emilie Hcngelberg in St. Louis. J. Henry Bastert, only son of Henry C. Bastert, born April 5, 1866. on a farm in Hancock County, is an example of what push and close attention to business can accomplish. When thirteen years of age he filled the position of engineer at the old Aetna Iron Works. In 1883 he became clerk with the German Insurance Company, soon was promoted to the position of bookkeeper, and afterwards was elected as secretary, an office which he held up to the time the company voluntarily went out of business in 1894. After closing up the affairs of the company, and having wound up its extensive business to the satisfaction of all the stockholders, he engaged in the general loan anaper. the Quincy Tcutonia. A year later this paper suspended, and in January, 1887, he again entered the office of the Quincy Germania. finally becoming editor of the papor, which position he held for iiumy years. September 1, 1914, he went to work on the Quincy Herald, as reporter of said paper, l)eing engaged as such imtil June. 1917. Later he was rei|uested to write a chapter on "The German Element and its Importance in the History and Development of Quincy and Adams County," to appear in a History of Adams County, 1918, issued by the Lewis Publishing Company of Chicago. May 16, 1872. Henry Honimann married Katherine Uebner, eldest daughter of Ca.spar and Elizabeth (Schnell- 374 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY bacher) Uebuer of Fall Creek Township, Adams County. She died March 20, 1881, leaving two daughters, Rosalie Maria, wife of Herman Stork, and Clara Sophia, widow of Heni-y Budde. May 10, 1883, Henry Bornmann married for the second time, choosing as his wife Hannah Niehaus, born iu Quiucj', eldest daughter of William and Maria (Menke) Niehaus. Children were: Ida Johanna, .wife of Prof. William Heidbreder, Crown Point, Indiana; Hilda Wilhelmiua, wife of William Lepper; J. Henry, in Chicago; Alma became the wife of John Rettig and died five years ago ; Irene and Ruth. J. Henry Born- mann, Jr., attended the parochial school of St. Jacobi Lutheran Church for seven years, then the Quincy High School for four years, and finally Illinois State University at Urbana, graduating with high honors in each one of the institutions mentioned, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Science, June, 1910. He then remained two more years as assistant teacher and in June, 1912, received the degree of Master of Science. Having passed a civil service examination he entered the employ of the Government, serving in the department of chem- istry in Chicago, later iu New Orleans, then in Washington, District of Columbia, finally again in Chicago, where he is at present engaged in the service of the Government. Irene Bornmann, daughter of Henry and Hannah (Niehaus) Bornmann, attended the pai-ochial school of St. Jacobi Lutheran Church for seven years. She entered the Quincy Public Evening School, beginning the term in November, 1917, continuing and completing her course of studies at the end of April, 1918. Ruth Bornmann, the youngest daughter of Henry and Hannah (Niehaus) Bornmann, attended the parochial school of St. Jacobi Lutheran Church for seven years. Later she took a course iu the shorthand department of the Gem City Business College, gi'ad- uating in 1913. Then she was appointed as stenographer with the faculty of the college. Finally she was appointed as stenographer of the Civil Service Commission in Washington, District of Columbia, which position she occupies at present. Wilhelmiua Bornmann, the only daughter of John and Katherine (Bald) Bornmann living at present, has her home with her brother, Henry Bornmann. Settlers of 1846 Frederick William Sehmiedeskamp, bom March 8, 1807, in Schoettmar, Lippe-Detmold, and his wife, Henrietta, nee Brand, born January 26, 1817, in the same town, came to Quincy in 1846. Sehmiedeskamp was a stonemason and for many years followed his trade. He died 1879, his wife departed this life in 1899. William Sehmiedeskamp, the eldest son, leanied the molder's trade and was one of the organizers of the Excelsior Stove Compan.v. He married Louisa Gerraann and later moved to Camp Point, where he now resides on a farm, following agricultural pursuits. Henry E. Sehmiedeskamp, the eldest son, graduated Maplewood High School in 1894. He entered the office of William Schlagenhauf, attorney hi Quincy, where QUIXCY AND AD.UIS COUNTY 375 he studied law. Earning the nionej- to pursue a college course, he matriculated in the law department of the Michigan State University and was graduated with the class of 1902. lie tlien located in Quincy, practicing law in this city ever since. Carl blester, born 1812 in Osnabrucek, Hanover, came to Amer- ica in 1838. and located in St. Louis, where he married Louise Schultz, born 1814 in Ilcrford, Westphalia. In 1846 the family came to Quincy, where the wife died in 1849. Carl ilcster then married Henrietta "Weber, born 1828 in Lippe-Detmold. For many years he was engaged in manufacturing iione meal. Carl Mester died in 1876, his wife departed this life 1911. Ferdinand blester, a son- of Carl blester, born May 26, 1840, in St. Louis, at the beginning of the Civil war enlisted in the Second Illinois Artillery Regiment, became orderly- sergeant of Battery 11, and served to the end of the war; he died in 1916. Carl Mester, Jr., an adopted sou of Carl Mester, Sr., enlisted in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, was taken prisoner, suffered and died in Andersonville Prison. Sons of Carl Mester, Sr., living: George, Theodore, Albert. Arthur; daughters: Mrs. Melinda Bredenbeck and Mrs. Henrietta Schumacher. Anton J. Lubbe, born July 2, 1822, in Bakum, Oldenburg, emi- grated in 1845, landing in Baltimore. B^'rom there he went to Cin- cinnati, where he entered the employ of a locksmith, intending to learn the trade. Learning from friends in Quincy that they were pro.spering in this city, he asked for a furlough to visit his friends. This being granted, he in 1846 came down the Ohio River by tlatboat and up the Mississippi to Quincy l)y steamboat. He was so well pleased with the location that he decided to settle here. Inquiring of the locksmith in Cincinnati, what it would cost to be released of his further obligations as apprentice, the man wrote that $25 would square things. The money was sent to the boss, and Anton J. Lubbe went into co-partnershij) with Clemens Kathmann, opening a general store. Three years later the firm was dissolved and -Mr. Lubbe went into business for himself, which he conducted until 1SS3. when he devoted his attention to dealing in altar wine exclusively, a business in which he had been engaged since 1874. In 1892 he retired to pri- vate life, and died ilay 10, 1894. In 1849 Anton J. Lubbe married Elizal)cth Sander, born March 4, 1829, she died October 29, 1898. Joseph J. Lubbe, born December 23^ 1852, is the only son living, of a family of twelve children. Ernest KnoUenberg, born August 18, 1804, in Osnabrueck. Han- over, was a shoemaker, and came to Quincy in 1846; his wife was Kajlherinc JIarie. nee Krclage, born October 17, 1814, near Osna- brucek. Ernest KnoUenberg died 1831; his widow in 1852 became the wife of John Helmbold and departed this life in 1869. Frederick William KnoUenberg, .son of Enicst and Katlicrine M. (Krelage) 376 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Knollenberg, borii Dec-ember 2, 1849, in 1872 went into business as a dealer in grain, and in 1876 entered the milling business with John H. Wavering in the City Mills. In 1894 he bought out Mr. Wavering, and continued the business, incorporating under the name and firm The Knollenberg Milling Company, being very successful in a con- tinually growing business. In 187.3 Frederick W. Knollenberg married Louisa Pfansehmidt, a daughter of the old pioneer Charles C. Pfan- schmidt. She was born April 4, 1854, in Ellington Township, and died Mai-ch 19, 1908. Children living are: Fred C. Knollenberg, attorney. El Paso, Texas; Cora E. Johntz in Kansas City, Missouri, where her husband is with the Armour Company; Mary E. Orr, in Camp Grant with her husband, who is attached as lieutenant and surgeon to the Light Artillery, Three Hundred and Thirty-third, Field Hospital; Florence, wife of Philip Herr, the latter connected with the mill ; Luella, music teacher in the Quincy Conservatory of Music ; and Gladys Paul, granddaughter, with her grandfather. John Herman Pape, born November 1, 1814, in Ahausen, Han- over, married Anna Marie Duker, born 1818 in Ankum, Hanover. The couple emigrated in 1845 and landed at New Orleans December 1 of the same year. They then came to St. Louis where they remained for several months, finally locating in Quincy May 4, 1846. Mr. Pape, who was a cooper by trade, for many years conducted a shop in Quincy, until his death December 26, 1869. His widow survived him for nearly thirty years, departing this life in 1898. Theodore Benedict Pape, a son of J. H. Nicholas and Anna Marie (Duker) Pape, was born September 17, 1860. After completing his earlier education in the common schools, he took an advanced course of studies in St. Francis College of Quincy, mastered the classical branches and grad- uated. Desirous of becoming a member of the legal profession, he entered the Michigan State University at Ann Arbor and graduated with the class of 1883. Since 1884 he has been an honored member of the bar and has long ranked with the leading attorneys. He was a law partner of the late Judge Joseph Sibley, and in 1889 became a member of the law firm of Carter & Govert. When Joseph N. Carter was elevated to the supreme bench of the state, the firm con- tinued as Govert & Pape, and later became Govert, Pape & Govert. Official honors have repeatedly been conferred on Theodore B. Pape. He was city attorney in 1887-1888, and became corporation counsel under Mayor John A. Steinbach, May 1, 1895, which position he con- tinuously held for twelve years, 1895 to 1906, inclusive. Then came an interval of two years, during the administration of Mayor John H. Best, 1907 and 1908. John A. Steinbach again being elected for another term of two years, Theodore B. Pape was reappointed as corporation counsel and served two more years, 1909 and 1910, four- teen years in all. Having been instrumental as legal adviser of Mayor Steinbach in solving the waterworks problem, Theodore B. Pape was selected as the representative of the city in the board of directors of QriXCV AND ADAJIS; COUNTY 377 the Citizens Water Works Company, which had been organized to conduct the waterworks until such a time when the city could take over the plant under the provisions of tlie law, and he held that position from lt(04 up to IDIG. When tlie city thfii acquired the waterworks, Theodore B. Pape was appointed a member of the city waterworks commission. William Feigenspau, born at the beginning of the nineteenth century in Muehlhausen, Tliuriiifria, married Reliccca Roebling of the same town. The family emigrated in 1846, with Quincy a.s their objective point. While on the boat nearing this city, William Feigen- spau died, his remains were brought to Quiney, and buried here. ^Irs. Feigenspau, nee Roebling, was a sister of John Augustus Roebling, the great civil engineer, a graduate of the Royal Poly- technical School, Berlin, who located in Pennsylvania in the '30s of last century, where he engaged in farming, but soon became interested in inland navigation through canals, and afterward in building of railroads and bridges. lie surveyed the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad over the Alleghany Mountains, constructed an aqueduct across the Alleghany River at Pittsburgh, supporting the structure by wire cables, built the suspension bridge at the same city over the Monongahela River in 1846, and two years later ])ui]t .several sus- pension aqueducts for the Delaware and Hudson Canal. He was the fii-st man to manufacture wire and wire cables in America. Later he removed to Trenton, New Jersej-, and in 1851 began the famous suspension bridge over the Niagara River, with a span of 825 feet, supported by four cables, each ten inches in diameter, which was completed in four years, was the first railroad suspension bridge built, and a marvel of engineering skill. Afterward he built a fine bridge over the Alleghany River at Pittsburgh, and one over the Ohio River to connect Cincinnati and Covington. In 1868 he was selected as chief engineer of the great East River Bridge connecting New York and Brookh-n. While superintending the initial opera- tions of its construction he j-cceived an injury, which necessitated the amputation of one of his feet, after which lockjaw set in and caused his death in 1869. The noble stnieture is his monument — designed by him. though its practical achievement is due to his son, Washing- ton Augustus Roebling, who completed the work in 1883. Rebecca (Roebling) Feigenspau, the widow of William Feigenspan, in 1849 became the wife of the widower Andrew S. Becker in Quiney. Gustave G. Feigenspan, her son, bom January 5, 1837, in ^luehlhausen, was a painter, and followed his occupation for many years : he did the in- terior painting of the mansion erected by Governor Wood in this city. In 1861 he married Christine Perz, daughter of the pioneer, John Michael Perz. a German school teacher in the early days of Quiney. Gustave G. Feigenspan died in 1868, his wife departed this life May 5, 1916. William G. Feigenspan, son of Gustave Q. and Christine (Perz) Feigenspan, was born in Quiney. February- 28, 1863. 378 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY His father having died early he, as soon as able, sought to aid his mother in supporting the family. While attending school he worked as sandcutter in a stove foundry during his spare time, later worked as clerk in a store, attended Gem City Business College, and studied law in the office of Sibley, Carter & Govert. He served as assistant to George Brophy, circuit clerk, prepared himself for the legal profession, passed an examination before the Supreme Court of Illinois, and was admitted to the bar. In 1889 and 1890 he was elected as city attorney, serving two terms in that office, and has practiced law for many years. Settlers op 1847 Wendelin Weber, born in Unterabtsteinach, Grandduchy of Hes- sen, came to Quincy in 1847, and for many years was active as stonecutter and building contractor. He married Agatha Peter, a daughter of an old pioneer; she was born February 27, 1829, in Eiegel, Baden. Wendelin Weber died Slarch 11, 1873. His widow later became the wife of Nicholas Kohl, and departed this life a number of years ago. William A. Bader, born June 5, 1829, in Muehlhausen, Thuringia, came to Quincy in 1847, and in 1850 married Wilhelmina Kiiorr. She died in 1854, and in 1855 he married Dorothea Schollmeyer. For fifty-two years William A. Bader conducted a cigar factory in Quincy, and departed this life December 8, 1900. William F. Bader, the son, for many years has been engaged in the cigar business in Quincy, and became prominent in public life, serving on the board of supervisors for a number of years. John L. Golm, born January 1, 1818, in Westen, Hanover, mar- ried Augusta Lulf, born February 17, 1823, in Imshausen, Hanover. The couple came to Quincy in 1847, where John L. Golm for many years was active a.s a cabinet maker, and later conducted a grocery store. He died July 12, 1883, and his wife departed this life June 3, 1902. Sons were : Frederick, Pueblo, Colorado ; William, Augusta, Illinois; and Julius, Denver, Colorado. Daughters were: Louisa, wife of Herman Schroeder, druggist ; Emilie, wife of Rev. E. Kireh- ner; Anna, wife of Fred Ledebrink, architect; Minna, wife of H. Hokamp, grocer; and Theresa, wife of Dr. C. H. Pfeiffer. Frank A. Heine, born 1800 in Allendorf, Westphalia, and his wife, Anna Katheriue, nee Klier, bom 1799 in Allendorf, emigrated in 1845. They came by way of New Orleans and located in St. Louis, where Frank A. Heine worked as smith in the arsenal. In 1847 they came to Quincy by boat, and Frank A. Heine was robbed of all his money, $600. He died March 3, 1848, his wife departed this life July, 1888. Anton H. Heine, born Februaiy 22, 1833, was a cigar- QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 379 maker, and in 1853 went to California, returning in 1855. ilay 6, 1856, he married Anna H. Surmeyer. For thirty years he conducted a cigar store, and then went into the gi-ocery business. For ten years he was president of the German Insurance and Savings Association, also served several terms on the board of supervisors. Andrew Becker, born ITltG in Birkensteiu, Thuringia, came to Quincy with his family in 1847. His wife died in 1856, and he later married Mrs. R<}bccca Feigenspan, nee Roebling, who also pre- ceded him in death, while he departed this life in 1878. Charles Becker, the son of Mr. and ^Irs. Andrew Becker, born February 11, 1825, in 1856 married ]\Iargaret Kiem, born January 4, 1831, near Eisenach, Sachseu-Weiniar, who came to Quincy in 1847. Charles Becker for many years conducted a meat market in this city and accumulated considerable wealth. He died January- 2, 1892. his wife departed this life May 10, 1914. One son, Christian Becker, and one daughter, Mrs. Anna Lambrechts, are among the living. Jacob Lock was born September 20, 1816, in Niedervorschuetz, Principality of Hessen, and came to Quincy with his wife, Anna Katherine, nee Kuchinann, in 1847. For many years he conducted a meat market, until his death December 7, 1871 ; his wife died later. William Lock, the eldest son, born July 5, 1841, grew up in Quincy and also conducted a meat market. He was a member of the volun- teer fire department for many years and foreman of Liberty No. 3, a German company. Katherine, the eldest daughter of Jacob and Anna Katherine (Kuchmann) Lock, was born in 1843 and became the wife of Bernard Koyer, bom October 7, 1836, in Esehlohn, West- phalia, who came to Quincy in 1856 and lived here until he departed this life, June 24, 1914. Three sons, Henrj-, John and Conrad Koyer conduct a poultry farm besides following market gardening. John Koyer, a member of the firm, is also an active member of the Ruff- Koyer Hardware Company in Quincy. John Scheer, born April 27, 1783, in Hirschhoni, Bavaria, and his wife Margaret, nee Heinrieh, bom December 23, 1790, in Erfen- bach, Bavaria, came to this country in 1827, locating in Buffalo, New York. Later they went to Ohio, and finally came to Adams County, where they settled near Mill Creek in 1847, and John Scheer followed farming, also conducting a saw and grist mill, run by water power. He died ilay 5, 1854, and his wife departed this life March 7, 1874. David Sheer, l)orn in Buffalo, New York, October 10, 1828, married Elizabeth Herlemann in 1853. For many years he was prominent in public life, for seven years serving as supervisor of Melrose Township, besides holding other positions of honor and trust. After the death of his first wife he married Henrietta Jarand. ^Fichael Sheer, also a son of John and Margaret (Ileinrich) Scheer, served in both the Mexican and Civil wars. 380 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Dr. Frauds Dnide, born April, 1820, in Klein-Quentstadt, near Halbei*stadt, Prussia, where his father was pastor, studied medicine in a college at Magdeburg. After graduation he in 1842 passed an examination before the medical authorities in Berlin, received his diploma and was admitted to practice. Later he came to this country, enlisted in the army of the United States in the war with Llexico, and was appointed physician and surgeon in the army. After that war he located in Quincy, where he married Mrs. Elizabeth Drude, nee Herlemann, widow of his brother. Rev. Conrad Drude, who was pastor of St. John's Church, the first German Protestant church, organized in Quincy in 1837. Dr. Francis Drude was active as physician in this city for fifty years, his death occurring in 1895, His widow died June 4, 1906. Four daughters survive: The Misses Emma, Julia and Louisa Drude, and Mrs. Lillian Meyer, wife of John Meyer, the dry goods merchant. William Metz, born 1823 in Marienfels, Duchy of Nassau, came to America with his parents in 1833. The parents were Jacob Metz and wife, nee Haxel, both born in 1790. They located in Iowa, at that time a territory, at a point where the city of Des Moines now stands, where they for many years lived among the Indians. Jacob Metz died in 1865, his wife in 1881. William Metz married Anna Katherine Kientzle, born 1823 in Moeglingen, Wuerttemberg, and in 1847 the couple came to Quincy, where William Metz was connected with F. W. Jansen in the furniture business, and later with Ferdinand Flachs in the drug business. In the latter part of the '50s he established a drug business of his own, and in the latter part of the '60s went into partnership with Aldo Sommer, continuing in the drug business until his death in 1873; his wife died in 1897. George Metz is the only son living. The Duker family for many years has been prominent in Quincy 's business circles. Frank Duker horn March 5, 1826, in Ankum, Han- over, learned the cabinet-maker's trade in his home town and emi- grated to America, landing in New Orleans December 1, 1845. He remained in the South over winter, but in the following year left for St. Louis, where he remained for some time and finally came to Quincy, where he went into business as manufacturer of and dealer in furniture, and in the course of time built up quite a business. In 1850 Frank Duker married Caroline Catherine Schmidt, born October 29, 1829, in Ankum. Frank Duker died July 14, 1894, his wife de- parted this life November 7, 1908. John H. Duker, a son, born in Quincy, October 10, 1855, followed his father in the business with his brothers Theodore, John, GeoVge and Henry, but now is the only survivor, conducting the furniture store in partnership with Mrs. Clara Duker, the widow of Henry Duker. April 22, 1880, John H. Duker married Margaret Schwab, a daughter of Caspar Schwab of Quincy. In 1847 Mrs. Elizabeth Duker, the widow of Gerhard Duker, QIIXCV AND ADAMS (orxiv 381 left Aiikuiii. Hanover, witli tlirte sons, Henry, Tlieodore and John Herinau Duker. They came by way of New Orleans and loeated in Qiiiney. Henry Duker, boru iu 1822, for many years conducted a general store iu the city, aud has long since departed this life. Theodore Duker, born May 6, 1829, came to Quiney iu 1847, and learned the cooper's trade with Theodore Brinkhoff. For seven years he was thus engaged, and iu the coui-se of time married Eliza- beth Brinkhoff, the daughter of his employer. In 1854 Theodore Brinkhoff, Theodore Duker aud William Barstadt went into the grocery business. In 1857 Theodore Duker and his brother, John II. Duker, bought the business from the firm and conducted the same until 1871, when they went into the wholesale liquor business, in which they were very successful. William T. Duker, a son of Theodore and Elizabeth (Brinkhoff) Duker, born in this city Decem- ber 14, 1861, was educated in the schools of Quiucy aud later pur- sued a course in St. Francis College and the Gem City Business College. In 1883 he formed a partnership with H. B. Jleuke, under the firm name Jlenke & Duker. In 1893 Mr. Duker became sole proprietor of the business, aud in 1901 moved to more spacious quarters. The business grew steadily and finally he bought the Doerr Building, Sixth and Maine streets, which he remodeled in such a man- ner that it now may be called an entirely new building. February 15, 1887, "William T. Duker married Elizabeth Bowles, and they have one daughter, Edna Duker, and one son, William T., Jr. Other sons of Theodore aud Elizabeth (Brinkhoff) Duker are: Hubert, Otto, Chri.stian, Antoue, August aud Alois. Daughters are : IMrs. Eliza- beth Wand, Mrs. Marie Hellhake, Mrs. Emma Hilgenbrink and Mathilde Duker. John Herman Duker, boru ^larch 28, 1833, came to Quiney in 1847, learned the saddler's trade, and later entered into partnership with John KuU, conducting a harness and .saddlery store. In 1859 he sold out, and iu partnership with his brother Theodore Duker conducted a grocery store until 1871, when the brothers went into the wholesale liquor trade. In 1887 John Herman Duker became one of the stockholders in the Quiney National Bank and was shortly afterward elected president, a position he held until his death. In 1856 John Herman Duker married Clara Elizabeth Glass, born in this city, a daughter of Simon and Margaret (Liebig) Glass, early pioneers of Quiney. John Herman Duker died November 14, 1903, his wife departed this life Febi-uary 8, 1913. Sons living are: Simon, who carries on the wholesale li(iuor business, and John L., teller at the Quiney National Bank. Daughters are: Anna, wife of John C. Ording; Antoninc. wife of Dr. A. J. Blickhau; Helen Duker; and Clara, wife of Harry Beatty. Dr. Charles Augustus William Zimmermann, born December 6, 1812. in Seesen, Dueliy of Braunschweig, was tlie sou of Max ^Vnton and Wilhelmiua (Scheuk) Ziinmermann, both born iu Seesen. The son attended school in Seesen until fourteen years of age. Then 382 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY he entered the Collegium Carolinnm in Braunschweig, and afte,:- graduation matriculated in the University of Goettingen, where he studied medicine. After passing examinations in Goettingen and Braunschweig, he returned to Goettingen, where he remained for two years as assistant of Dr. Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck, the celebrated anatomist and surgeon. Then he returned to Braunschweig, where he practiced medicine and was appointed as district physiciaii. Dr. C. A. W. Zimmermann married Johanna Mueller, born February 2, 1813, in Helmstedt, where her father was superintendent of the Lutheran Church. In 1846 the family emigrated, landing in New York October 1 of that year. From there they went to Lancaster, Ohio, remained during the winter, and in the following spring came to Illinois, arriving in Quincy May 1, 1817. Dr. C. A. W. Zimmermann practiced medicine in this city for more than twenty years and retired January 1, 1869. He died July 8, 1876, his wife having preceded him in death January 4 of the same year. His father. Max Anton Zimmermann, died April 18, 1863, and his mother departed this life June 16, 1874. Dr. William Zimmermann, eldest son of Dr. C. A. W. Zimmermann and wife, was bom in Bodenburg, Braunschweig, November 29, 1841. He received his early education from private tutors in Quincy, and was taught Latin and Greek by Rev. Christian Popp of St. John's Lutheran Church in this city for nearly five years. In 1859 he entered the University of Goettingen, and later the University of Wuerzburg, graduating from the latter June 6, 1863. Then he took a trip of three months through Europe, returning to Quincy in September, 1863, where he practiced medicine and surgery with his father and his brother. Dr. C. A. W. Zimmer- mann, Jr. Dr. William Zimmermann married Bertha Braun, born in Washington, Missouri. Dr. William Zimmermann, Jr., eldest son of Dr. William and Bertha (Braun) Zimmermann, born August 31, 1873, attended St. Francis Solanus College in Quincy for seven years, tak- ing a thorough classical course. Then he entered the medical depart- ment of Washington University, St. Louis, where he studied medicine for three years. After graduation he took a post-graduate course at one of the best medical colleges in New York City. Dr. Ernest Zimmermann, brother of the before mentioned, born in Quincy, No- vember 27, 1876, took a classical course in St. Francis Solanus Col- lege, then entered the medical department of Washington University at St. Louis, and after graduation, was appointed as first a.ssistant in the female hospital in St. Louis. Later he took a post-graduate course in New York City, then returned to Quincy, where he has since been established in the medical profession with his brother, Dr. William Zimmermann, Jr. Dr. Charles Augustus William Zim- mermann, Jr., second son of Dr. Charles Augustus William and Johanna (Mueller) Zimmermann, was born in Bodenburg, Braun- schweig, March 1, 1843, came to Quincy with his parents, and after receiving the necessary preliminary education, went to Germany in 1865, where he studied medicine in the universities of Goettingen and QUINXY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 383 Wuerzburg. Graduating in 1869 he returned to Quinoy, where he practiced medicine with his brother, Dr. William Zimmermann, until January 1, 1900, when he with his family moved to St. Louis, depart- ing this life June 29, 1902. His wife was Antoinette "Walter, born in Brooklyn, New York. Dr. Charles Zimmermann, son of Dr. C. A. W. and Antoinette (Walter) Zimmermann, bom in Quincy June 27, 1875, attended the same preliminary schools and colleges frequented by his before mentioned cousins, and for two yeai-s was assistant in the city hospital and the female hospital of St. Louis. Finally he became first assistant under Professor Baumgarten in the meilical department of Washington University, St. Louis, and practicing physician. Maria Johanna, daughter of Dr. C. A. W. and Johanna (Mueller) Zimmermann, born February- 7, 1846, came to Quincy with her parents, and in 1866 was married to W^illiam Ilunerwadel, who was born in Lenzburg, Switzerland, and came to Quincy in 1864, where he became interested in the City Spring ^Mills. Later the family moved to Monroe City, Missouri, locating on a farm. !Mrs. Hunerwadel died about a year ago, her husband followed her in death later. One son, Carl Hunerwadel, is engaged as salesman for a wholesale grocery house in Indiana, the other son, William Huner- wadel, Jr., lives on the home farm at Monroe City, Missouri. Settlers of 1848 Frank J. Schleich, born February 26, 1812, in Landsberg, near Halle, learned the dyer's trade. He married W^ilhelmina Mathesius, born August 24, 1810, in Kottbus, Silesia. In 1848 the family came to America, landing at Baltimore. They crossed the Alleghanys by wagon to Pittsburgh, from there down the Ohio and up the ^lissis- sippi to Quincy, where they located, and Frank J. Schleich conducted a tannery at Sixth and State streets until death, July 21, 1851 ; the widow survived, departing this life IMay 21, 1903. Two dauglilers reside in Quincy, ilrs. Adolphina Schott, widow of John B. Schott, and ilrs. Beata Sanftleben, widow of John Sanftleben. John Philip Germann, born June 17, 1819, in Alsbach, Grand- duchy of Hessen, was a shoemaker. In 1846 he came to New York, where he married Anna Maria Brenner, February 17, 1848 In October of the same year they came to Quincy, where Mr. Germann for many years followed his trade. Henry Germann, a .son, for many years was engaged in the drug business in this city, finally retired and now is interested in the Broadway Bank, being vice president of the institution. Louisa, wife of William Schmiedeskanip, and Mclinda, wife of Orlando Cavolt, are daughters of John Philip and Anna M. (Brenner) Germann. Henry Germann married Dr. ^lelinda Knap- heide. Their cliildren are Aldo and Ilildegarde. Herman Schroer, born September 22, 1824, in Breslau, Silesia, came to Quincy in 1848, and on March 15, 1852, married Louise 384 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Delabar, daughter of Anton and Barbara (Linuemann) Delabar, the first child of German parents born in Quincy. Herman Schroer was a goldsmith by trade, which he had learned in his home town, and was a master in his art of making fine metal work. He also was the inventor of the firet gasoline lami> used in Quiney. For some time he was captain of the Quincy Jaeger, a German militia company organized by his father-in-law, Capt. Anton Delabar. Herman Schroer died September 5, 1866, his wife departed this life March 9, 1909. Duke Schroer, city clerk of Quincy, is the only son living. The Sien family were among the early settlers in Quincy. Ernest Sien, bom 1822 in Wieda, Braunschweig, came to America in 18-14, locating in New Braunfels, Texas, but came to Quincy in 1848 where he for many years was engaged as locksmith and brass foimder. He died January 4, 1884, his wife, Elizabeth, nee Klostermann, departed this life in 1902. Ludwig Sien, born 1819, also came to Quincy in 1848. He was ,a cabinet maker, worked at his trade for many years and died in 1874. Carl Sien, born in 1824, married Friederike Guenthcr, and came to Quincy with his family in 1853. He was a brass founder, being engaged in his calling until his death, September 28, 1900. One son, Frederick, went to Unionville, Montana ; the other son, William Sien, for years has been prominent in the grocery busi- ness in Quincy. J\Irs. Friederike Kespohl, widow of Julius Kespohl, the dry goods merchant, is the only daughter of Carl and Friederike (Guenther) Sien living. Herman L. Lagemann and his wife, Elizabeth, nee Voecker, both born 1811 in Wittlage, Hanover, came to Quinej' in 1848. Mr. Lagemann followed his trade as stonemason for some time, then went into the grocery business, and finally started a mill, grinding corn, rye and buckwheat, also making grits of oats and barley. He died August 26, 1868, his wife departed this life October 3, 1883. Henry Lagemann, the eldest son, for many years assisted his father in business, and from 1870 to 1872 was chief of the fire department : he died November 3, 1882. Louis Lagemann, another son of Herman and Elizabeth (Voecker) Lagemann, conducted a grocery store from 1863 to 1868, and then went into the hardware business, which he conducted with his sons for a number of years. For twenty-two years he served in the fire department, being assistant chief for twelve years. He died years ago. Arthur Lagemann, a son, is United States revenue collector in Quincy. Anton Wavering, born in Duelmen, Westphalia, and his wife, Elizabeth, nee Bergfeld, came to Quincy in 1848, where Wavering, who was a carpenter, followed his trade until his death, November, 1855 ; his wife departed this life January, 1880. John H. Wavering, the son, born 1837, learned rope-making under Benjamin M. Prentiss. In 1873 he, with Frank Williams, started the City Mill, in 1876 be- QUIXCY AND ADAMS COINTY 385 coming associated with F. W. KiioUeuberg. After thirty years of active business life he retired. lie tlieu bought the Tellico ilill, wliieh has since been conducted l)y liis sons, Anton, Hernard, Henry, ^ViIliam and Lawrence Wavering. In 1859 John II. Wavering mar- ried Bemardine Steinbreclier. For many years he was active in the volunteer fire department, organized t'ompany No. 6 and did not rest until they acquired a steam engine. He also served four terms in the city council, as representative of the Sixth Ward. Henry Ertz Janscn, born May 25, 1802, in Ostfriesland, married Hilda Matthesen, and for many years was active as merchant. In 1848 the family came to Quincy, and located on a farm east of town. In 1855 they returned to the city, where Jansen for manj^ j-ears con- ducted a general store, also a tobacco factory. His first wife having died in 1852, he in 1855 married Mary Vablc, and she died in 1875). Later Henry E. Jansen made his home witli iiis daughter, ilrs. Henry Schanz, near Mill Creek, where he died July 12, 1884. Sons were : Richard Jansen, for many years a notai-j^ in Quincy, also secretary of the German Insurance and Savings Association; Leonard Jansen went to California many years ago ; Henry H. Jansen, for many years an attorney in Quincy; IMatthew Janson, served in the Civil war, and became captain of Company A, Twenty -seventh Illinois Infantry; and Theodore Jansen who served in the same regiment. All the sons mentioned have departed this life. Simon H. Pieper. born 1S127 in Lippe DetiUDld, came to Quincy in 1848, and for many years worked in the furniture factorv' of F. W. Jansen. His wife was Marie, nee Voelker, and both died in 1901. John F. Pieper, the son, born in Quincy July 2, 1854, attended school until sixteen years of age. Tben he worked on a farm f. Several months later tliey came to Qnincy, where iir. Arends followed his trade as carpenter, l)ccomin^ foreman for John Bimson, in who.se service he remained for many years, finally retiring to pi-ivate life. Mi's. Arends died Fchrnary 20. 189.">, her luisband followed her in death -May 1, 189!). Gerhard G. Arends, born April 8, 1854, attended school until seventeen years of age, when he entered upon iiis business career in the office of Richard Jansen with the German Insurance Company of Quincy. Then he served in the employ of George W. Brown, also in the insurance business. Several years later he entered the Rii-kcr Bank as as>^istaiit bookkeeper, and after two yeai-s became head l)ookkce|)er, in which capacity he served for nine years. On account of ill health he resigned and for several years was connected with no active business enter- prise. When the Cjuincy National Bank was organized in 1887, he was one of the incorporators and was appointed assistant cashier, in which capacity he served for years, and now is vice president, also one of the directors. In 1886 Gerhard G. Arends, married Caroline Bit- ter, a daughter of Mr. and iSIrs. J. H. Bitter. They have two children, Henry Gerhard, lieutenant in the American army in France; and Antoinette, wife of Wilmer B. Hedges, traveling salesman. John Ilcnry Brocksciuuidt. born September 16. 1830, in Bohmte, Hanover, emigrated in 1848. Leaving Bremen in June, he landed in Baltimore in September of said year. From there he crossed the Allcghenies for Cincinnati, where he arrived in October, and found a home with an uncle. Christian Brocksciuuidt, who was a locksmith. After working in a tobacco factory for some time he took sick and was admitted to a hospital in the sjiring of 1849. Finally recovering from a lingering illness, he appealed to his uncle, Joseph Brock.schmidt, in (^uincy, who sent him $2i) to pay the doctor and his fare to Quincy, where he arrived in OctolM-r, 1849. In April, ISijO, the uncle secured an apprenticeship for him with George J. Laage, the pioneer hatter, with whom he had to serve four years; besides his board, lodging and laundry, his compensation was .+2.') for the fii*st year, $50 for the second, .$75 for the third, and $100 for the fourth year. After serv- ing his apprenticesliip he went to St. Louis, where he worked in different large hat manufactories. Returning to (juincy he in Sep- tember, 1855, established a business of his own. Being successful he took in his brother, Joseph, as assistant, and in 1860 as partner. Be- sides conducting his business as hatter and furrier, he from 1870 to 1874 was interested with William Cramer in the distilleiy on Cedar Creek. On September 10. 1857, John Henry Broekschmidt married Caroline Epple, daughter of the old pionet>r, John I'aiil 392 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Epple. His wife died April 8, 1876, his brotlier, Joseph, died Novem- ber 11, 1896, and John Henry Brockschmidt departed this life October 23, 1897. Alfred J. Brockschmidt, the only son surviving, was born in Qnincy August 11, 1860. Between the ages of six and twelve years he attended the parochial school of St. Boniface Church. Later he entered St. Francis College, devoting three years to the preparatory and four years to the collegiate coui-se, and later pursued a two years' post-graduate course. In 1879 he graduated, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. During the last two years of his college course he read law under the direction of 0. H. Browning. In 1881 he received the degree of Ma.ster of Arts from his alma mater, and in the same year was enrolled as a law student in Yale University, where he remained two years and graduated in 1883 with the degi-ee of Bachelor of Laws. He afterward took a post-graduate course of two years, the degree of Master of Laws being conferred on him in 1884, and the degree of Doctor of Civil Law in 188.5. He also won the Winchester scholarship, which entitled him to spend one year at Berlin and one year at Paris, but he did not take advantage of this at the time. For many years Alfred J. Brockschmidt has been active in his profession. In June, 1884, he was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Connecticut, in October he was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and in November of the same year to the Supreme Court of New York. In 1885 he was permitted to practice in the high courts of Canada, while in 1886 he was admitted to practice in the federal courts at Springfield. August 28, 1901, Alfred J. Brockschmidt married ilathilde Loire, daughter of Philibert Loire of St. Louis. Capt. William Steinwedell, who came to Quiney in 1849, for many years occupied a prominent position in the business and social circles of this city. He was born December 21, 1827, in Hanover. His father was George Frederick Steinwedell, born in Hanover in 1790, and his mother, Sophia, nee Firnhaber, born 1797, her father being a superintendent in the Lutheran Cliurch of Hanover. His father, George Frederick Steinwedell, fought in the Battle of Water- loo, June 18, 1815, as a lieutenant in a Hanoverian regiment, occu- pied a prominent position in the army, finally being commanilant of the fortifications at Stade. He died in 1880, his wife having pre- ceded him in death in 1877. William Steinwedell attended the com- mercial college at Osnabrueck, where he learned English, French and Spanish, having previously been educated in the classics. When the Revolution of 1848 broke out, William Steinwedell was carried away by the movement. Consequently his father advised him to go to America. Well supplied with money he with 200 others loft Bremen early in 1849, on the small sailing vessel Meta. The party consisted of well educated men of the different callings and pro- fessions, students and graduates, all well supplied with finar>cial means, and the vessel arrived in the Harbor of New York ]\Iay 1, IP I CjnXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 393 1849. But they did not ti.rr.v long, continuing their trij) to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Sandusky, by eanal to Porstmouth, Ohio, and then by steamboat down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to St. Louis. Tliere were 150 passengei-s on the boat, and tlie cholera, which raged at that time, also had its victims, fifteen of the passengers dying. The boat landed at night above Cairo, where the dead were buried bj' torchlight, William Stcinwedell acting as speaker at the impressive funeral services. When the boat arrived at St. Louis it was quar- antined. It was on May 22 and 23, 1840, when the terrible conflagra- tion raged on the levee at St. Louis. Then the cholera broke out in tbat i-ity of about 40,000 inhabitants, hundreds of people dying daily, and so William Stcinwedell came to Quincy, where he became ac- i|uaiiitC(! witli Uttu Bertscliingcr. who came from Lenzburg. Switzer- land, and they organized the firm Bertschinger & Stcinwedell, con- ducting a hardware business from 18.51 to 1873. Capt. William Stein- wedcll during his nuuiy years of residence in Quincy became inter- ested in different industrial enterprises, was president of the Arrow- rock Alining & Milling Company, treasurer of the Dick Brothers' Milling Company, secretary of the Dick Brothei-s' Quincy Brewing Company, etc.; he also was president of the Quincy Gas Company, stockholder of the First National Bank and later of the State Savings, Loan and Tnist Company. When John P. Altgeld had been elected as governor of Illinois, Capt. William Stcinwedell was appointed as president of the board of trustees of the Illinois Soldiers' Home at Quincy. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil war, Capt. William Stcinwedell organized the Quincy National Rifle Guards, comprised of prominent German citizens, who acted as home guards, rendering valuable senice to the National Government during that war, with- out receiving any pay. In 1859 William Stcinwedell married Louisa A. ^forphx-. born in New Orh-ans of French parents, who had come to Quincy in 1857 with her parents. His wife died in 1901, leaving her husband with five children : William E. Stcinwedell, George Stein- wedell, Carl Stcinwedell, :Mrs. Leila Evatt and Miss Elisc Stcinwedell. Capt. William Stcinwedell died in 1910. William E. Stcinwedell, the eldest son, is interested in the Gas Machinery Company, Cleveland, Ohio: George Stcinwedell is general manager of the Binghampton Gas Light Company, New York ; and Carl Stcinwedell is in Quincy, member of the firm Steinwedell & Seehorn, dealers in cigars. Settlers of 1850 Conrad Hcinekani]). born F'ebruai-y 9, 1827, in Iloni, Lippe Detmold, where his father was manufacturer of pianos and organs, learned the art of constructing nnisical instruments from his father. In 1850 he came to Quincy, and in 1851 was elected as teacher of Salem Parochial School, a position he filled at two different periods, serving ten years in all. Later he was engaged for thirty years in the faetorj' of Henry Sehenk, the altar liuildcr. Conrad Heinekamn 394 yUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY married Friederike Fogt. April 19, VMi, he died, survived by his wife aud three daughters, Lillian, wife of Phiueas Haggas, the music teacher, and the Misses Dina and iMiniia Heiiiekamp. George Fischer, born in Quincy January 3, 1850, was the son oC John J. and Walburga (Wittmann) Fischer. His parents were among the early pioneers, aaid his father, who worked for the merchant tailors, Powers & Finlay, died June 5, 1851, leaving his widow and the son mentioned. After attending St. Francis College for iive years, George Fischer was apprenticed to Henry Kidder arid learned the tinner's trade. Later he opened a tin shop of his own. This proved successful and in 1890 he bought the hardware busi- ness of Lemley Brothers. In 1896 he erected a large five-story build- ing, in which the Fischer Iron and Steel Company for many years did a great business. George Fischer died Feliruary 26, 1916, leaving his widow, Euphemia Fischer, nee Rickcr, with two sons, George Joseph Fischer, manager of the IModern Iron Work, and Joseph J. Fischer, assistant cashier of the Ricker National Bank, and one daughter. Mrs. Joseph H. VandenBoom, Jr. In March, 1918, the Fischer Iron and Steel Company sold their business to the Tenk Hardware Company. Joseph Granacher, born April 23, 1827, in Oberbergen, Baden, came to Quincy in 1850, and was employed in the hardware store of L. & C. H. Bull ; then he worked for Pantaleon Sohm, the cooper, and later for Bertschinger & Steinwedell, hardware merchants. For ten years he was with the Sligo Hardware Company in St. Louis. Returning to Quincy he was in the grocery business with Joseph Weltin. Joseph Granacher married Magdalene Burkhardt, born August 19, 1836, in Oberbergen, Baden, who came to Quincy in 1852. She died July 28, 1907, while her husband departed this life November 2, 1909. Two sons, Geoi-ge and Joseph, and two daugh- ters, Mrs. Marie Weltin, and Mrs. Wm. H. Sohm, are among the liv- ing. Theodore Granacher, bom November 21, 1829, came to Quincy with his brother, and entered the service of Martin Kaltenbach, the cooper. Later for many years he was with Abraham Jonas & Bros., hardware dealers. He married Rosina Burkhardt, born 1834: in Ober- bergen. She died March 3, 1877, her husband departed this life April 11, 1904. Three sons, Sebastian, Edward and Ferdinand, survived, and one daughter, Mrs. Anna Menke, wife of the grocer, A. F. C. Menke. Reinhold Waldin, born October 27, 1828, in Gera, Principality of Reuss, was a watchmaker and came to America in 1848, landing in New York. From there he came via Erie Canal to Cincinnati, and then to Burlington, Iowa, where he was engaged in the jewelrj' busi- ness of his brother for a year. Then he went to St. Louis, and finally located in Quincy in 1850, where he was engaged in the jewelry business of William Gage for three yeai-s. The latter was surprised (,1I1\('V AM) ADAMS COrXTV 395 to see so many Germans visit his l)usiuess shortly before- Christmas, buying presents for their relatives and friends, a eustom wiiieh at that time was unknown anion" Anglo Amcrit-ans. In IHoM Reinhold AValdin iioujriit the jowi'lry business of a Mr. Parsons, west side of thu si|uare, whieh he conducted until 1861, when he moved to Warsaw, Illinois, Itut a year later returned to Quincy. and ciiCTsred in the jewelry business until 1!M)0, when he died. Keinhold Waldin was twice married. In 1856 he married -Margaret Kaiser, born in Chur, Switzerland, and .she died in lS6o. In 1870 he again married, ehoosing Louisa Koi-ii. liorii in \'loth(i, \Vi>sti)halia. and she died in 1903. Al- bert Waldin. the eldest son, (initiiiued the jewelry business for years, while Edward Waldin, the other son, was emplnyed in the business of the Tenk Hardware t'ompany. Christopher Weber, born September 2, 1838, in Glanis, Switzer- land, came to xVmeriea with his parents. Jacob and I'rsula (Stuesse) Weber, in 1843, the family locating in Highland, Illinois, where the mother was a victitn of cholera in 1849, and the father died 1888. In June, 1850, Christopher Weber eauie to Quiney and was employed in the drug store of his unele, Dr. Michael Doway, learning pharmacy. Later he conducted a drug store of his own for twenty-two years. Early in the "TOs he was elected city collector for two years. Then he was in the insurance Iiusiness. Under Samuel Baumgaertner he was assistant a.ssessor, and for many yeai-s clerk of the police depart- ment until 1890. An occurrence in his life he never forgot, as it came near costing his life in the night of December 31, 1863. He had attended to some business in Canton, Missouri, and came to West Quincy by train. There being no bridge across the river at that time, he had to cross the ice afoot. It was a terribly cold night, Mr. Weber was caught in a snowdrift, lost consciousness and would have frozen to death if his friends had not come to the rescue. They had a Sylvester .Vight's festival in Liederkrenz Hall, at whieh Chris- topher Weber was expected. He not appearing, a inirty was organ- ized to search for him. They found him and lirought him to town. Life seemed almost extinct, but he soon revived; his left iian.l was frozen so badly that it luid to be aniinitated. September 1, 1864, Christoi)lier Weber married Caroline RutV, a daughter of the old pioneer, Jacob Ruff. Christopher Weber died August 23, 1917, leav- ing his wife, two sons. Carl Weber, an electrician, now a farmer in Colorado, and Frederick Weber, a machinist in St. Louis; also two daughters, Annette, the wife of John Welton in Galesburg, Illinois, and Emma Ursula, the wife of Alex Brown, in the insurance busi- ness in Chicago. Gerhard ^lueller. born May 13, 1801, in Xoonkn, Ostfriesland. married Tlioma Bockmeyer, born April 17. lS2i>. in the same town. In 1849 the family cmigi-ated and came to New Orleans, where they remained during the winter. In the spring if 18.')() they came uji 396 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the river and landed in Quincy April 15, where they located. Gerhard Mueller was a shoemaker and followed his trade for many years, his death occurring July 10, 1876. His wife, Mrs. Thoma Mueller, for many years conducted a millinery store in this city, she departed this life September 3, 1891. Bernard H. Miller, the eldest son, born in Noorden, January 4, 1848, grew up in Quincy and attended Salem Parochial School. His first work was selling newspapers dur- ing the Civil war on the MeCune line of packets. March 1, 1864, he secured a place in the drug store of Adolph Zimmermann, but in the following fall obtained a position in the laboratory of Jacob S. Merrill, St. Louis, and later was employed by E. J. Williamson in the same city. He was one of the original members of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy. In 1866 he returned to Quincy to accept a position with Rutherford, Hurlbut & Company, afterwards Sommer & Metz, and three years later associated himself in the drug business with George Terdenge. In 1874 the firm Sommer, Miller & Terdenge was formed. The year following Mr. Sommer withdrew and Albert Sellner became interested in the business. January 1, 1884, W. H. Arthur bought out Mr. Terdenge 's interest and January 1, 1889, the firm Miller & Arthur became the sole proprietors. Today the great business is conducted under the firm and style The Miller & Arthur Drug Company. June 6, 1872, Bernard H. Miller married Harriet Henshall of this city, she died in 1910, leaving her husband with one son, Bernard H. Miller, Jr., who was with the Fisk Rubber Tire Company in Springfield, Massachusetts, where he died two years ago, aged twenty-one years; also two daughters, Cora, wife of Don Rapp, Springfield, Ma.ssachusetts, and Thoma, wife of Byron Gilbert in Chicago. Bernard H. Miller later married for the second time, choosing for his wife Mrs. Frances Connelly, of Red Bluff, California. Gerhard Miller, Jr., the second son of Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Mueller, was a traveling salesman for a wholesale house and lost his life thirty-five years ago, he being caught in the ruins of a building that was wrecked in St. Louis. Antje, the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Mueller, was born in Noorden and became the wife of Leslie Williamson, machinist in Quincy. Etta, another daugh- ter, became the wife of Jesse Laird in this city. Clemens August VandenBoom, born December 8, 1818, in Stadt- lohn, Westphalia, married Gertrude Jessing, born 1822 in Leyden. In 1847 they emigrated and located in Cincinnati, where they re- mained until 1850 when they moved to Quincy. Clemens A. Vanden- Boom was a wood turner and established a furniture factory in Quincy, first utilizing horse power and later steam power. In 1869 he sold out and went into partnership with Henry Blomer in the pork packing business, under the firm name VandenBoom & Blomer. In 1883 the senior partner withdrew and retired from business, depart- ing this life in 1885. Clemens A. VandenBoom was several times elected as alderman, representing the Sixth Ward in the city council. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 397 lit- was twice married, his Hrst wife died iu 1860, and later lie married Eiizabetli EUers, she departed this life in 1888. Henry Alexander VandenBooni, born 1848 in Cincinnati, a son of Cleinens A. VandenBooni, for many years conducted a chair factory in this city until he retired from business in 1902. He died September 3, 1916, leaving his wife, Edith, nee Frcuud, and the following children: J. II. VandenBooni, and II. J. VandenBooni, dealers in furniture, Kansas City, Missouri; Alfred and Frank in St. Louis; Robert in Cincinnati; Ralph, bookkeeper; Oscar, a mechanic; Julius, a draughts- man; Mrs. George (.'arncs, in Chicago; Miss Estelle \'andciiBooni, at home, and Mrs. Arthur Dick in (juincy. Jo.seph Henry Vanden- Booni, horn in Quincy in 18r)4, began his education in the parochial schools and later attended Bryant & Stratton Busine.ss College, being graduated in 1869. For three years he was employed as a clerk in the Kicker Bank, and in 1872 entered the service of VandeiiBoom & Bloiner, with whom he continued three years as bookkeeper. In 1875 he formed a partnership with Henry Moller, his brother-in-law, they conducting a lumber business under the firm name ^toiler & VandenBooni, which proved a great success. August 19, 1900, Henry Moller died and the following year the Moller & VandenBooni Lum- ber Company was incorporated, with Joseph H. VandenBooni as president, Henry Moller, secretary, and Fred iloller, treasurer. Be- sides the lumber business Mr. VandenBoom is interested in several other commercial and manufacturing enterprises. He also represented the Sixth Ward in the city council for several terms. In 1876 he married Amelia Kaeltz, a daughter of the old pioneer, Adolph Kaeltz; she died in 1880. In 1885 he wedded Julia Kaeltz, a sister of his first wife. Their children are : Joseph H., Jr., graduate of St. Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, and now with the Moller-VandenBoom Company, and one daughter, Alvera. The history of the Kreitz family is very interesting. John Sebas- tian Kreitz, born June 24, 1805, and his brother, Wiiiand Kreitz. born May 9, 1807, natives of Zuelpich, Rhenish Prussia, emigrated December 25, 1843, leaving Antwerp, Belgium, for San Tomas, Guate- mala, Central America. Wiiiand Kreitz and his wife. Anna Eliza- beth, nee Boettgenbach, liati three sons, John Matthew, horn Sej)tem- ber 25, 1835; Theodore William, born May 11, 1838; and John Baptist, born August 14. 1841. In 1906 Theodore W. Kreitz related the his- torj- of their sojourn in Central America to the writer of this narra- tive, as follows: "After arriving in Central America, and while on our way to the colony, we for half a day had to wade throuprh water, finally reaching a dense forest. Father, who was a gunsmith, carried a rifle which he had made himself. We were very hungry, and father .shot a monkey, which we fried and ate. finding the meat very palatable. The trip to our destination in Guatemala took three months. The natives were friendly to the colonists and aided them. Raffael Carrera. the president, gave orders to father to take the old flintlocks from 398 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the rifles and replace them with percussion locks. Thus father had considerable work to do. Among other things he constructed a combination lock for the stockade in which the political prisoners were kept, the government of Guatemala paying him one thousand dollars for the invention. Then father opened a commission busi- ness, sending cochineal, sarsaparilla, Panama hats, etc., to Germany and France. In November, 1846, we left Guatemala and returned to our old home in Germany ; two years later we again went to Guate- mala, and in 1850 finally left for the United States. President Raf- fael Carrera, who thought a great deal of father, sent a bodyguard of twenty men to escort our family to the coast. April 13, 1850, we left Belize, Honduras,, on board the bark Juanita for New Orleans, and from there came up the i\Iississippi to Quincy, where father died of cholera, July 1, 1850, while motlier departed this life July 28, 1879. Father brought the first Panama hats to Quincy in 1850 and sold tliem to H. F. J. Ricker, who conducted a general store." John Matthew Kreitz after arriving in Quincy worked on a farm, then secured a position as clerk in a grocery and later conducted a busi- ness of his own. He was city collector of Quincy for one term, and was sheriff of Adams County in 1871 and 1872. For many years he was in the ice business until he died, September 6, 1888. He married Mary Ohnomus, daugliter of the old pioneer, Matthias Ohncmus, she now lives in Las Angeles, California. Theodore W. Kreitz held dif- ferent offices, being city collector in 1869 and 1870, also deputy sheriff and harbor master. He invented an automatic fire and burglar alarm, and an automatic apparatus for the extinction of fires, but had no success with his inventions, he died seven years ago. John Baptist Kreitz learned the trade of saddler and harnessmaker in Quincy. In 1861 he went overland to California, returning in 1866. He also was county treasurer for one term. His wife was Rosalie Merssmann, daughter of the old pioneer, John B. Merssmann. John B. Kreitz died August 11, 1890, his wife departed this life November 1-i, 1906. Mrs. Christine Hutmacher, wife of August C. Hutmacher, proprietor of the Pacific Hotel, is the only member of the original Kreitz family among the living today. Settlers of 1851 Edmund Reichel, born j\Iarch 26, 1823, in Bremen, as the son of a merchant, came to America in 1847, landing in Baltimore, where he remained two years, then came to Cincinnati, and two years later, in 1851, came to Quincy. Here he married Julia von Goetzen, born in Koenigsberg, Prussia. After being in business for some time, he located in Gilmer Township and followed agricultural pursuits. Later he returned to the city, where he conducted a grocery store in con- nection with a commission business. Then he sold out and again went to farming in Burton Township. In 1870 he retired having devoted ten years to agricultural pursuits, and came to Quincy to QUIXCY AND ADAJIS COUNTY :jefore the State Board of Pharmacy, and as a registered pharmacist has been in the drug busi- ness for a number of years, being the senior member of the firm Rettig & Bi'emser; George Rettig. the second son, is engaged as pattern maker in I'eoria, Illinois; Harry and Carl Rettig are twins, and Harry is in France with tlic United States army as member of the Engineer Corps, while Carl is engaged as a plumber in Okla- homa City, Oklahoma. Daughters of John and -Mathilde (Linz) Rettig are: Mrs. Harry Boorman and Mrs. Andrew Paul, both in Los Angeles, California, and Mrs. Eugene Isselhardt in Quincy. Rev. August Henry Sehmieding deserves especial mention in the history f)f the German pioneers of Quincy. as it was due to his in- fluence that many emigrants from Westphalia located in this city. August Henry Sehmieding was born March 16, 1804, in Bielefeld, "Westphalia. In 1816, when twelve years of age, he entered the col- 400 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY lege of his home town, which he attended for seven years, graduating in 1823. Then he matriculated in the Univei'sity of Halle, from which he graduated in 1826. In the same year he was apjjointed as assistant pastor in Loehne, and in 1829 as pastor in Valdorf, near the Weser. There he married Clara Margaret Schroeder, born in Detmold, who died twelve years later. In 1851 Reverend Schmiediug emigrated and came to America with five children, one son and four daughters, locating in St. Louis, where a brother and a sister had settled in 1835. While not intending to accept a pastorate so soon, as he wanted to first acquaint himself with this country and its people, yet there was such an urgent need of ministers of the gospel, that he was induced to follow a call from Quincy, after a delegation from this city had visited him personally. It was in August, 1851, when Rev. August H. Schmiediug organized St. Jacobi congregation, and be- came_ its pastor, a position which he held for twenty -two years, being compelled to resign in 1873, on account of his advanced age. He departed this life October 13, 1879. As stated in the beginning of this narrative, it was due to the influence of Rev. August H. Schmied- iug that many emigrants from Westphalia came to Quincy, the greater part of the south side being settled by them and their descend- ants. Often he received inquiries of friends and acquaintances in the fatherland about the condition of things; he always gave them a fair statement, assuring them that, with strong hearts and willing hands, they would find this the land of opportunities and possibilities. And so they came and made their mark in the City of Quincy and Adams County, contributing their share to the upbuilding of this community. Of the four daughters of Rev. August H. Schmieding only one is among the living, Mrs. ilinna Ringier, widow of Oscar Ringier, the latter a native of Switzerland, who for many years was prominent in business in this city ; Miss Margaret Ringier, librarian of Quincy "s public library, is a daughter of ilrs. Minna Ringier. Settlers of 1852 Henry G. Klipstein, born June 29, 1835, in Kalt Ohrafeld, Prussia, came to America in 1852, arriving in Quincy November 21 of said year. Here he learned the shoemaker's trade, and also was engaged as machinist in a planing mill. For twenty years he was overseer of Quincy 's parks, having gained the necessary knowledge from his grandfather, who was civil engineer and landscape gardener in Ger- many. August Hammerschmidt, born in 1830 near the Rhine, came to Quincy in 1852. He was a cabinet maker, and for many years em- ployed in the furniture factory of Frederick W. Jansen ; later he for a number of years was foreman in the Quincy Show Case Works. In 1855 he married Julia Jansen. Both departed this life years ago. J. William Hammerschmidt, for years engaged in the coal business, is a son of Aiigust and Julia (Jansen) Hammerschmidt. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 401 Frederick William Nieliaus was l)orii .January 28, 1829, in Filsen- dorf, Westphalia, where he learned the trade of a cabinet maker. In 1852 he came to Quincy. where he for years was engaged as car- penter, being very proficient at his trade. Here he married Maria Anna Menke, bom near Ilerford, Westphalia, who came to Quincy with her parents in 18.")2. March 18, 1864, PYederick William Nie- haus died, leaving his widow with one son, William, now a farmer in Lewis County, Missouri, and two daughters, Mrs. Hanua Born- mann and ilrs. Wilhelmine Ilolzgraefo, both in Quincy. The widow later married John Fohrniann, a farmer in Lewis County. Mis.souri, who had served in the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry; he died in 1908. The widow later moved to Quincy. where she departed this life in 1916, leaving five .sons, Henry. George, .John, Frank and Fred Fohr- niann. and one daughter, Emma Fohrmann. John Henrj- Heitland, born March 11, 1814, in Heepcn, West- phalia, was a linen weaver. lie married Henrietta Pankoke, bom 1814. and in 18.")2 the faniilx' emigrated, coming by way of New Orleans to Quincy, where they arrived November 25, of said year. Three days later John H. Heitland died of lung fever, which he had contracted during the tri]) to this city, his wife followed him in death in 186.3. John II. Heitland, the son, born Januarj- 25, 1845, came to Quincy with his parents and later learned the carpenter's trade with Frederick J. Reinecker, the contractor. During the war he served in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry. After the war he returned to his trade, and later organized the Heitland Grate and Mantel Company, his sons John and Jesse Heitland being con- nected with the business. John II. Heitland married Mary Voth, born in Germany, who early in life came to Quincy with her parents. Jolin Wible (Weibel) was Iwrn 1811 in Greensburg, Westmore- land County, Pennsylvania, and married Mary Rugh, born 1816 in the same county. In 1852 the family came to Adams County, locating near Menden, where John Wible for nmny years followed agricultural pursuits. John Wible died 1887, his wife departed this life in 1895. William J. Wible. a son, attended Carthage College for four years, then took a course in the State Normal School and for a number of years was principal of the Golden High School ; while the German language had in the course of time been lost to the family, William J. Wihle iigain learned Gernuvn. Other sons were: Jai'ol), Carl, Joseph and Edward Wible; the daughters were: Mrs. Mary Randels, Mrs. Sarah Steinbeck, ^frs. Ella Nichols. Mrs. ^largaret Turner and Caroline Wible. David Wible (Weibel), born April G, 1S14. in Westmoreland County, married Anna C. Riunhaugh (Rumbach), born January 2. 1819, in the same county. In 1852 the family came to Adams County, locating in Ur.sa Township. 'Mrs. Wible died Decem- ber 6, 1904, while her husband departed this life later. One son. Josiah, went to Chicago, another son. Frank, to Palmyra. Miss(mri. 402 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Dr. Henry Oehlmann, born March 12, 1817, in Goslar, Hanover, studied medicine at the University of Jena, graduated and later was appointed surgeon of the royal body guard in Hanover. He married Johanna Herighausen, born April 17, 1819, in Wolfenbuettel, Braun- schweig. In 1852 the family came to Quincy, where Doctor Oehlmann for many years practiced medicine until his death in 1891, his wife having preceded him in death in 1884. Charles Oehlmann, son of Dr. Henry Oehlmann, was born July 21, 1849, in Hanover, came to Quincy with his parents, and on July 1, 1864, secured a position in the drug store of Sellner & Weber, remaining in that store for eleven years through several changes of ownership, becoming an experienced chemist and pharmacist. In 1875 he formed a partnership with Dr. C. F. Durant, and the firm of Durant & Oehlmann continued for thirteen years. As dental supplies were added to the drug trade, Charles Oehlmann in 1888 established the Quincy Dental Depot, which he conducted for a number of years, finally retiring from active business life. December 19, 1878, Charles Oehlmann married Anna Struck at Maryville, Missouri. Peter Henry Boschulte, born in 1801 in Hoerst, Westphalia, mar- ried Maria Elizabeth Springmeier, born April 4, 1804, in the same town. The family came to America in 1852, and located in Quincy, where Peter H. Boschulte died July 31, 1855, while his wife lived for many years, her death occurring July 16, 1887. Sons were: Herman, born in 1835, for manj- years was a member of the firm Henry Durholt & Company, manufacturers of soda water, later mov- ing to Nebraska, where he died; William Boschulte, born 1837, also was a member of the firm Henry Durholt & Company ; during the Civil war he was orderly sergeant of Company H, Forty-third Illi- nois Infantry, and after the war again was active in the soda-water business, until his death, December 21, 1904; Henry Boschulte, born October 22, 1840, served through the Civil war in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and after the war returned to his trade, that of a stove molder; he died some years ago: August Boschulte, born 1843, also served through the Civil war in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and after the war was active in public life as street commissioner of Quincy, later moving to Kansas, where he still lives; Charles Boschulte, born in 1845, served in Company H, Forty-third Illinois Infantry, returned to this city and later moved to Nebraska, where he lives at the present time. John Heurj' Bitter, born August 3, 1834, in Laar, Westphalia, came to Quincy in 1852, where he located and learned the trade of stone cutter, and later for many years was a member of the F. W. Menke Stone and Lime Company, contractors and builders. In 1855 he married Anna Menke, who came to Quincy with her parents in 1852. John H. Bitter died in 1891, and his wife departed this life in 1917. Dr. J. W. Edward Bitter, born April 4, 1863, attended C^riXCV AND ADAMS COUNTY 403 yt. Jacobi Parochial School, then Franklin School, at that time the high school of Quincy, going throufrh all the (iiflVn-nt grades. lie K-arned stone cntting. hut later deuiilcd to hecomc a iiieinl)er of the niedit-al profes.sion, and entered ('haddock College, then attended Quincy College of Medicine, from which he graduated. Later he took a course m the Philadi'li>hia I'olycliiiic and ■rraduat'-d in Xovein- her, 1898. Since that time he has hcen practicing medicine in Quincy. Dr. .1. \V. Edward Bitter in 1886 married Joanna Luella Beatty, of ^laysville, ^lis.souri. Their sons are: Arthur Hitter, wlio was a graduate of Columhia University, Columhia, Missouri, then took a regular course in the medical department of the Pennsylvania State University, from wliich he graduated: Stilton Bitter, a graduate of Quincy High School. The daughters of Dr. J. W. Edward and Joanna Luella (Beatty) Bitter are: Eleanor: Lauia. wife of Percy C. Henrj': Florence, nurse in Blessing llosi)ital: and .\gnes at home. The other children of John Henry and Anna (.Menkej Bitter are: Henry Bitter, who for a number of years was mail carrier; Lina, wife of Gerhard Arends, vice president Quincy National Bank: Miiuia, wife of Henry P. Behrensmeyer, artist penman, and principal of normal penmanship department. Gem City Business College, Quincy; and Lydia. wife of AViJltur McKiin, St. Louis. John Bernard Heuer, born 1790 in Goesfeld, Westphalia, came to Cincimiati in 1845. His wife. IClizabeth, nee Wolter. horn in 1807 in Coesfeld, with her three children joined her husband in 1846. The children were two sons, Bernard and Henry, and one daughter. Elizabeth. July 18, 18.52, the family came to Quincy, where John Bernard Heuer died July 4, 18.53, while his wife lived for many years, her death occurring November 1. 1894. The son, Bernard, died November 8, 1890: the other son. Henry, for many yeai-s was engaged as cutter with the John B. Schctt Saddlery Com- pany. Elizabeth, the daughter of John Bernard and Elizabeth (Wolter) Heuer, on Fel)ruary 28, 1867, was married to Henry A. Oenning, Rev. H. Schacfermeyer performing the ceremony in St. Boniface Church. Henry A. Oenning was born May 9, 1834. in Nord Vehlen, Westphalia, whore he learned the trade of carpenter and cabinet maker. He came to Quincy in 1856 and worked at liis trade until 1860, when he became a teacher in St. Boniface School, being engaged as .such until 1866. Then he formed a partnei-shi]) with John Bcnning, under the firm style Bciniing & Oenning, general merchants. Several years later he purchased liis partner "s interest, and ceasing to deal in general merchandise, he contined his attention to the trade in books, glass and picture framing. In 1891 the tinn name was changed to H. A. Oenning & Company, and in 1900 the Jiusiness was incorporated under the name Oenning Glass & Book Company, with II. A. Oenning as president: (icorgc Wewer, secre- tary; and Alfred Kurz, treasurer. Besides dealing in books, pictures, stationery, etc., they also diil a wholcside business in window glass, 404 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ever maintaining a foremost place in business circles, and known for strict reliability. Henry A. Oemiing departed this life January 24, 1908. ]\Irs. Elizabeth Oenning, the widow, who has been a con- tinuous member of St. Boniface Church since the arrival of her family in this city, is a woman unassuming in life, a woman of charity, doing many things for poor deserving people, and all char- itable purposes. Hinrieh R. Emminga, born in 1829 in Ostfriesland, was a mill- wright. He married ilargaret H. Franzen, who was born in 1824. In 1851 the family emigrated, coming by way of New Orleans, and in 1852 located on what was called the Golden Prairie, today the Town of Golden, in this county, arriving there in February. Hin- rieh R. Emminga built several windmills in this county for the grinding of grain, which he operated. In 1863 he returned to Ger- many, where his wife died in 1868. In 1872 he again came to Amer- ica, but seven years later returned to Germany where he departed this life in 1888. Harm H. Emminga, the son born December 25, 1850, in Wiesens, Ostfriesland, came with his parents and grew up in this county, in the course of time becoming one of the most prom- inent citizens of Golden. In 1872 he married Marie Gembler, bom December 12, 18.54, in San Antonio, Texas, daughter of John J. Gembler, one of the German pioneers who located in Texas in 1847. Harm H. Emminga was a miller, and in 1879 went into the grain business, in which he was very successful. In 1889 he built a mill, modern in every respect, with the full roller process and a capacity of 200 barrels per day, which he named the New Era Mills. He then opened direct communication with the West Indies, England, France, Holland and other foreign countries. Golden being in need of a bank. Harm H. Emminga on July 1, 1894, opened the Peoples Exchange Bank, which proved successful, and in 1905 he erected a modern bank building covering an era of 40 by 50 feet, a model of its kind. Harm H. Emminga traveled extensively in the cour.se of years, partly on account of business, and partly for pleasure, from an inclination to see and learn something of the world and its peo- ple. He crossed the Atlantic between America and Europe a num- ber of times. In 1910 he took a trip to Palestine and the Holy Land of the Bible, the land where the scenes of the oldest history of the human race were laid and enacted, spending three months in that trip. His trip at that time was of a philanthropic nature, he being interested in the work of Dr. Ludwig Schneller, the founder of the Syrian Orphan Home at Jerusalem, a work to which ilr. Emminga in the course of years had contributed considerable of his means. Mr. Em- minga was a friend of books and in the course of time acquired a great collection of rare and valuable works. Harm H. Emminga departed this life December 9, 1915, mourned bj' a large circle of relatives and friends. He was survived by his wife, one son, John QUIXCV AND ADAMS COUNTY 405 J. Eiuiuiiiga. I'Hshier of the Peoples Exchange Hank, ami one daughter, ilargaret Eniininga. Herman Henry Jlenke, horn in ISO'.i near Herford, Westphalia, and his wife, Hannah Friederike, nee Re<'ksiek, horn 1807 in the same plaee, emigrated in 1852. They left Bremen in Oetolier of said year, and with the sailing vessel Edmund came to New Orleans, the trip taking nine weeks. December I'-i, 1852. they arrived in Quincy. Hennan H. Menke, who was a veterinarian, died in 1859, and his wife departed this life in 1882. Frederick William .Menke. the eldest son, born April 21, 1832, came with his jiarents and learned the trade of stone cutter with Wendelin Weber. In 1863 he went into the con- tracting business, and the firm F. \V. Menke & Company was organ- ized, the members being Frederick William Menke, George Goetsehe, William Tiemann and John Henry Hitter. While they in the begin- ning did all the work themselves, the business of the tirm grew so rapidly that they soon were compelled to secure assistance and hire help, ill the course of time employing 150 men, acquiring stone quar- ries, erecting lime kilns, dealing in cement and carrying out building contracts. Many were the courthouses, public library buildings, hos- pitals, Government buildings, state buildings, churches, schools, bank buildings, hotels, factories, business houses, and private residences erected by the company in Illinois, Iowa and Mis,sonri. Frederick William Menke also served in the city council, representing the Fourth Ward for thirteen years. His wife was Friedericke Louise, nee Wulfmcyer, lK)rn February 23, 1837, near Herford, Westphalia; he died in 1908, and his wife departed this life in 1916. Children living are: George AVilliam ^lenke, Edward IT. ]\Ienke, and Frederick C. Menke, .sons; and Mrs. Einilic Ilagcnbruch, and Anna F. Ruff, wife of Edward Rufl", daughters. George William Menke, eldest son of Frederick William and Friederike Louise (Wulfmeyer) Jlenke. in 1884 married Sophia Brehm, of Warsaw; they have two sons, Edgar and Ralph Menke, and one daughter, Helen, the wife of William Rupp, Jr., cashier of the Illinois State Bank. Edward H. Menke, the next son, married Mathilde Dick, daughter of the pioneer, John Dick; she died April, 1898, leaving her husband with two children, Edward and Louise Jlenke; they now reside in Los Angeles, California. Fred- erick C. Menke, the youngest son, married Hannah Mathers, and they have three sons and two daughters. George William Menke is presi- dent ; Harold F. Metzger is secretary : and Frederick C. ^lenke is treas- urer of the .Menke Stone and Lime ("(tmpany. Many were the hardships and trials of the old |)ioneers. some of them suffering a great deal more than others. John Frederick Heid- hrere.sent is manager of their oflBee in this city; he also is i)resident of the Quincy Chandler of Commerce; Walter, the other son, is engaged in the cigar business. John L. Soebbing is among the men who made tlieir mark in this city. Ilis father, Anton Stubbing, came to Ijuincy iu 1853, and his mother in 1847. John L. Soebbing was born February 2, 1861, and received a good common school education. When a mere bov he worked for Dr. J. F. Kittlcr. then for P. Cams, the druggist, later for C. R. Oliver, the grocer, and for John J. ^letzger, who induced him to take a thorough eonnnercial course. After leaving the busi- ness college he worked for diflfercnt firms. In the spring of 1884 he accepted a position with John Altmix, and in 1887 engaged in the grocerj' business, three years later building a spacious store of his own. In 1896 he retired from the retail trade and became inter- ested in the wholesale house of the N. Kohl Grocer Company, being elected as secretary. In 1900 tlie Quincy Grocer Company was or- ganized, of which John L. Soebbing is treasurer; he also is presi- dent of the Quincy Mercantile Bank; besides he was interested in other important business enterprises. In 1889-90 he served on the board of supervisors, and was elected as a member of the conned at three different times. October 30, 1883, John L. Soebbing married Clara Altmix, a daughter of the old pioneer John Altmix. Their sons are: John K., who travels for the Quincy Grocer Company; Leo A., cashier of the company; Ralph, clerk of the company; Robert J., assistant cashier of the Mercantile Bank : George, bookkeeper of the Quincy Grocer Company ; and Eugene, the youngest, a student in Quincy College. Julius Freilerick William L'cckc, horn Xovcndjcr 2, 1832, in Car- nitz, Pommerania, came to America, in 1851. He landed in New York, from there went to Milwaukee, then to Chicago and came to Quincy in 1853, where he located. He was a locksmith, also built clocks for towers. In Chicago and Quincy he worked as machinist, among others for AVorrell li Caldwell. When the Civil war broke out he eidisted in the Third Illinois Cavalry, serving three years. Returning home, he worked as a machinist, and for six years in com- pany with Herman Keller made earn planters in Camp Point. Then he was employed in the Gardner Governor Works, also worked for Brown & Dimock, and for John Williams. In 1864 J. F. William Uecke married the widow Barbara Elizabeth Stephen, nee Bickel, 410 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY born in Langula, Thuringia, September 10, 1833, who came to Quiney in 1852 with her husband Andrew Stephen, also from Languela, where he was engaged as a linen weaver; he was engaged as engineer in Thayer's distillery and lost his life in a distillery at Laeon, Illinois, the boiler exploding. "While J. F. William Uecke still survives, his wife died in 1917. Children living are: Misses Elizabeth and Mary Stephen in Chicago ; Mrs. Lillie Schlagenhauf, wife of William Schla- genhauf , attorney in Quiney ; Clara E. Uecke, who has been in Hono- lulu, Hawaii, where she taught in Oahu College, she now is engaged in Columbia University, New York; and Florinda A. Uecke, who for thirteen years has been teacher of domestic science in the Quiney High School. Elizabeth, a granddaughter, the daughter of Henry Stephen, also was in Honolulu, Hawaii, wher^ she taught in a kindergarten ; she now is married to Charles Turner in Chicago. Major Charles Petri, born July 27, 1826, in Braunschweig, was a graduate of the high school in Bernburg. He then studied archi- tecture and engineering at the polytechnical college in Munich. Ow- ing to the revolutionary disturbances in Europe he decided to come to America, and left Bremen June 24, 1848, on the sailing vessel Emerald, landing in Philadelphia August 15. Coming west, he spent the fall and winter with a Gei'man farmer in Breekenridge County, Kentucky. The following fall he bought 250 acres of laud near Cloverpoi't, Kentucky, and went to farming for several years. This not being a success, he decided to come to Quiney, where he arrived in March, 1853. Here he, with Dr. Francis Drude, rented a farm fourteen miles southeast of Quiney. The crops proving a failure, Charles Petri decided to quit farming and devoted himself to his calling, that of a civil engineer. He was engaged as surveyor on the line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quiney Railroad, which was completed in 1856. Then he returned to Quiney and became assistant of B. I. Chatten, city engineer and county surveyor. In 1858 he was appointed engineer on the Quiney & Toledo Railroad. In 1859 he was elected city engineer, serving for three years. When the Civil war broke out, Charles Petri was elected as captain of Company H, the German company of the Sixteenth Illinois In- fantry. December 1, 1862, he was promoted as major, and was at- tached to the staff of Gen. James D. Morgan, as topographical engineer. Jamiary 21, 1865, he was honorably discharged, and in the following April received his commission as lieutenant colonel. In June, 1865, he bought the Quiney Tribune, a German daily and weekly paper, which he published and edited for some time. He also was county surveyor, engineer of the Quiney. Missouri & Pacific Railroad, again elected as city engineer, and finally assistant engineer of the Han- nibal & St. Joseph Railroad, a position wb'ch he occupied from 1877 until his death, November 11, 1887. Charles Petri always took a great interest in the welfare of his adopted country, a fact which was proven by his service in the army during the days of the Civil war. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 411 Although a republican, lie was six times entrusted with a pulilic office iu a democratic community, lie was married three times and left three cliildrcn, one sou, Thomas R. Pi-tri, an attorney, and two daughters. Henry Spriek, born Mareli 1, 1826, near ITerford, Westphalia, came to Quiuey in 1853, where he in tlie beginning worked for John Wood, later being employed on a farm. In 1855 lie .ioined a party wlio started a eolony in ^Vasllington County, Xeljraska, mak- ing tiie trip overland in a wagon, drawn by a yoke of oxen. In 1858 he came to Quincy looking for a wife, which he found in the person of Sophia ^Vilkening, born May 'MX 1837, in Lindborst, Lii)iie- Sehauinburg, who with her parents, Ilcary Wilkeniiig and wife, came to Quincy in 1856, the family locating near Mill Creek. The wedding trip from Quincy to Fontanelle, Nebraska, about 450 miles, w-as taken by wagon, drawn by a yoke of oxen. Henry Sprick in the course of time became prominent in the new community. In 1873 he was elected to the lower house of the Nebraska Legislature, being elected for three successive terms. In 1878 he was elected as a member of the State Senate. In 1884 he served as presidential elector on the republican ticket. Henry Sprick died July 21, 1906, after having ])een active in the development of his communit.v for fifty .vears, prominent among ids fellow citizens, aiul known for his philanthropic spirit. Henry C. Sprick, born January 26, 1864, in Fontanelle, Ne- braska, a son of Henry and Sophia (\Vilkeiiing) Sprick, pursued his early education in his native town, attending a parochial school. At the age of seventeen he attended the high school at Blair, Nebraska, for one year; at the age of eighteen he became a student in tlic public schools of Quincy, and at the age of nineteen entered the Gem City Business College, from which he graduated in 1886. Returning to his old home in Nebra.ska, where he worked on the farm aiul acted as private secretary to his father, who then was serving as State Sen- ator, he was engaged in different enterprises until 1890, when he came to Quincy, where he accepted a position as bookkeeper in the State Street Bank, later purcha.sed an interest in the bank and was made teller. In 1902 he l)ecame assistant cashier and at present is cashier of said bank. August 14, 1890, Ilcnin- C. Sprick married Clara Ileid- breder, a daughter of Herman and Anna (Junker) Ileidbreder. Their children are: Harvey, who is clerk in the State Street Bank, and Helen Sprick, a student, at ho))ie. SETTLER.S OF 1854 Henr>' Sieekmann. born Augu.st 19, 1831, in Elvcrdis.sen, "West- phalia, came to Quiney in 1854. He worked in VanDoorn's .sawmill, also for John Wood. During the Civil war he served in Company H, Tenth Illinois Infantry. He died ilay 23. 1899. John H. Sieek- mann, the son, born in Quiney. attended the parochial school, public 412- QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY schools aud the Gem City Business College. He at present is assistant cashier of the Mercantile Trust and Savings Bank. Frank Tubbesing was born in Quiney April 6, 1854, as the son of Frank and Barbara Tubbesing, who came from Germany. He learned the carpenter's trade and then studied architecture in the office of Robert Bunce. In 1878 he opened an office of his owa and for a number of years was prominent in his profession until his death years ago. April 6, 1875, he married Hannah Pellman, whose father, Caspar Pellman, was a member of Company A, Twenty-seventh Illi- nois, and was killed in battle January, 1863. Besides the widow one son, Frank Tubbesing, Jr., survives. John J. Wessels, born February 9, 1813, and his wife Gretje, nee Schmidt, born September 23, 1814, both in Ostfriesland, were married December 2, 1837, and came to Adams County with their family in 1854, locating in Clayton Township. John J. Wessels, Jr., bom March 28, 1840, served during the Civil war in the Third Mis- souri Cavalry regiment, and resides in Quiney at present. Lambertus J. AVessels, the second son, born March 21, 1845, served in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and also resides in this city. Frederick J. Wessels, the third son, born ]\Iay 20, 1854, on the sea, is prominent in business as a member of the Quiney Con- fectionery Company. Henry Meisser, born February 14, 1837, in Belleville, Illinois, came to Quiney in 1854, and worked for Timothy Rogers, the wagon- maker. Later he worked for the lumber dealers Diekhut and Ben- neson. Here he married Katherine, daughter of William Diekhut. For thirty-one years he was a member of the volunteer fire depart- ment, gradually advancing until he finally became chief of the de- partment. For more than thirty years he was president of the Firemen's Benevolent Association. For fourteen years he was con- nected with the Eagle ]\Iills and was the originator of the People's Ferry Company. William TenhaeiY was born February 9, 1826, in Rees on the Rhine. He came to America in 1851, located in St. Louis 1852, and in 1854 settled at La Prairie in Adams County, where he conducted a gen- eral store. In 1857 he married Eva Kaufmann, born in Ostfriesland. His brother Charles J. Tenhaeff was a partner in the business for a time, but both brothers soon turned their attention to agriculture. In 1893 William Tenhaeff moved to California with his family and located at Pasadena. One son, Leopold, in the railway mail seiwice, lost his life in an accident at El Paso, Texas, in 1907, the other son, Alex, was engaged in the express business at Pasadena. Marie, a daughter of William Tenhaeff, in 1885 became the wife of Rev. George Eisele, who was pastor ofl St. Peter's Lutheran Church QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 4i:j in Quint-y, where he died in 1886. The son George Eisele, Jr., was a graduate of the Chicago College of Pharmacy. Heury Arnold Geise, born April 6, 1809, in Borringhausen, Olden- burg, came to America in 1833, and started a sawmill in Cincinnati, where he married Thcresia Collate, born November it, 1821, in Lenge- rich, Hanover. In 1854 the family came to Quincy, where Henry A. Geise became prominent in business. He erected the Broadway Hotel at a cost of $25,000. Then he bought the distillery of Thomas Ja-sper, paying .$20,000. Later he l)ought the interest of Bernard Borstadt in the paper mill, which he conducted with his son Bernard Geise; the mill was destroyeil l)y fire, causing quite a loss. In 1876 he with his .sons Bernard and Henry opened a bank in this city. He also was one of the founders of the German Insurance Association in 1860, and its president for a number of years. Henry A. Geise died De- cember 5, 1880, and his wife departed this life November 19, 1889. Henry A. Geise, Henry B. Geise and Martin J. Geise, the latter the well known architect, are grandsons of Henrj- Arnold Geise. Cord Henry Stork was born February 9, 1802, in Eilshausen, Westphalia, where he manufactured spinning wheels. His wife was Anna Maria, nee Schaet'er. The family emigrated in 1854, locating in Quincy, where they arrived June 17, and three days later Cord H. Stork died of cholera. Sons were : All)ert Henry Stork, l)orn December 30, 1827, who also made spinning wheels and furniture, and engaged as a building contractor in Quincy ; he died March 31. 1891. Frank Ludwig Stork, the second son, was for many years engaged in teaming, and during the Civil war served in the Forty- third niinois Infantry, his death occurring April 30. 1875. Fred- erick William Stork, the third son, was for many years active as a building contractor, and served in the One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois Infantrj' during the Civil war; he died August 25, 1899. Herman Stork, the youngest son of Cord H. and Anna M. (Schaefer) Stork, served in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry; he departed this life March 5, 1903. John Schlagenhauf, horn .January li), 18;34, in the Black Forest of Wuerttemberg, came to America in 1852, locating in Cincinnati. In 1854 he catne to Quincy and entered the Methodist College, to study for tile ministry, being ordained as minister in 1857. In the course of time he served fifteen different congregations. In 1858 he married Henrietta Thomas, who died in 1862. In 1863 he married for the second time, chosing -Margaret Rohn of Beardstown, Illinois, as his wife. January 18, 1911, he died, leaving his widow with four sons, Henry, a physician in St. Louis; William, attorney in Quincy. Ed- ward, a dentist in St. Ivouis; and Philip, attorney in Quincy. William Schlagenhauf, the well-known attorney, was born March 8, 1867, in Belleville, Illinois, attended the public schools, and eventually entered 414 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the German College at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, from which he grad- uated. He then became a student in the law department of the Michigan State University, and in June, 1890, was admitted to the bar. He opened a law office in Quincy in connection with Col. W. "W. Beriy. Under Homer M. Swope he acted as assistant city attorney. In 1899 he was elected to the State Legislature, serving three successive terms. In 1892 William Schlagenhauf inarried Lillie M. Uecke, and they have three children living, William J., Lily E., and Lenore. Herman Michael, born October 30, 1825, in Hunteburg, Hanover, came to America in 1845 with his parents Henry and Clara (Boellner) Michael. The family located in Cincinnati, where Herman Michael July 5, 1853, married Bemardine Klatte, bom May 18, 1834, in Huede, Oldeuburg. In 1854 they came to Quincy, where Herman Michael for a quarter of a century was active as a cooper. Sons were: William, a priest of the Catholic Church; John B., traveling salesman, and Henry H., bookkeeper for the Blomer & Michael Com- pany, while that firm existed. Joseph J. Michael, born March 25, 1856, attended the parochial school, St. Francis College and the Gem City Business College. Being ambitious, he began working when thirteen years of age, being employed by Henry Bull in his botanical garden, then in the soap works of Flachs & Reimann. He learned the brick-mason's trade, and during the winter months worked in the pork-packing establishment of VandenBoom & Blomer. Also was shipping clerk for the Bonnet & Duffy Stove Works. Was a building contractor, and as such erected a hotel, the gas works, a schoolhouse, church, bank building and a number of residences in Creston, Iowa. He then entered the office of the pork-packing firm of VandenBoom & Blomer, and on May 1, 1882, associated himself with Henry Blomer and Fred Wolf under the firm name Blomer, Wolf & Michael, which continued for eight years. In 1900 Fred Wolf witlidrew and tlie firm Blomer & ]\Iichael was incorporated, the busi- ness being continued on a large scale until the plant was destroyed by fire. Joseph J. IMichael became interested in several other com- mercial, financial and industrial enterprises, is vice president of the Broadway Bank, and today enjoys the fruits of his resourceful busi- ness ability. In 1884 he married Catherine Altmix, a daughter of the old pioneer John Altmix. Their son Roman is stenographer; Clara, a daughter, is stenographer with the Mercantile Bank, and the daughters Gertrude, Genevieve, Henrietta and Pauline are students. Settlers op 1855 George Sehaefer, born June 1, 1828, in Laasphe, Westphalia, came to St. Louis in 1853, and to Quincy in 1855, where he for many years conducted a cooper shop. He married Mary Womelsdorf born in the Grandduchy of Hessen, who died in 1901. William, the eldest son, has been deputy in the sheriff's office for more than twenty-five years. QUlNi V AND ADAMS COUNTY 415 Louis Schaefer, the second son, was assistant postmaster wliile David ^Vik•ox was postmaster of Quincy. George Sciiaefer, Jr., tlic third son, is engaged as Government engineer. Jacob R. Urech, born February 21, 1845, in Zofingen, Switzerland, in 1855 came to Qiiiney with his parents. Here he learned the printer's trade in the office of tiie t^uiney Tril)une. Later he learned tlie trade of saddler and harnessniaker. Li 1865 Jacob and his brother Fred- erick L'rech enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifty-first Illinois In- fantry, serving to the end of the war. October 3, 1869, Jacob R. Urech married Amy S. Wharton in Payson, this county. In 1877 he began the publication of the ]Mendon Dispatch, a weekly paper, which he published for a number of yeai-s, finally retiring from active busi- ness. Dr. John F. Rittler, born December 27, 1828, in Altenburg, Saxony, studied in German universities and graduated in the medical de- partment of the University of Prague. In IH.'iS he came to America and located in Florence, Massachusetts; in 1854 he went to Browns- ville, Pennsylvania, and in 1855 located in Quincy. Here he married Emilic Rossmacssler, a daughter of Emil Adoljjh Rossmaessler, pro- fes.sor of luitural history. For many years Doctor Rittler practiced medicine in Quincy, until he died. Ajiril 1, 1892, his wife departing this life ]March 23, 1898. They hiitl one daughter, Johanna, who in 1874 became tlie wife of C. II. Ilcnrici, at that time publisher of the Quincy Tribune. Both have departed this life, leaving two daugh- ters, Elsa, wife of Lieut. Fred Andrews, in the Philippine Islands, and Edith, also in the Philippines as correspondent of the San Fran- cisco Chronicle. Bernard Awerkamp, born October 6, 1849, in Coesfeld, Westphalia, came to Quincy in 1855, with his widowed mother and one brother, his father having died in the old home. At the age of twelve Bernard Awerkamp became an ajtprentice in the office of tlie Quincy Tribune, published by Carl Rotteek. Later he was employed in diiTerent stores, until finally, in December, 18G9. he secured a position in the Ricker Bank, gradually advancing until in 1881, when the Ricker National Bank was organized, he was selected as assistant cashier, a I)osition which he holds u]) to this day. May 9, 1876, Bernard Awerkamp married Louisa Dicfenliach, a daughter of Capt. Michael Diefenbach, for many years engaged in river traflSc. They have one daughter, Mrs. Arthur Htui.saker. and six sons, Theodore, paying teller in the Kicker Xatiunal Bank: William F., with the Standard Oil Company; Frank A., bookkeeper with S'cudder & Gale; Carl, machinist, foreman with the Otis Elevator Company. Arthur A., plumber with Best Brothers; and Walter B., foreman in Geise's garage. 416 QUINCY AND AUAMS COUNTY John Henry Michelmann, born Noveimber 29, 1830, in Letz- lingen, Prussia, came to America in 1853, locating in Evansville, In- diana. Being a smith, he was employed in the boiler works of Val- entin Stegmiller, with whom he came to Quiney, December 24, 1855. Later he opened a boiler works of his own, in which he was very suc- cessful, gi'adually adding all kinds of steel work, such as bridge building, fire escapes, etc. December 17, 1857, John Henry Michel- mann married Mary Mai'garet Stuckert, horn January 25, 1839, in New Orleans, where her father died, her mother coming to Quiney in 1840. The couple celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of their wedding December 17, 1917. Their children are : Henry L. Michel- mann, secretary and manager of the Michelmann Steel Construction Company; Wilhelmina, wife of Rev. C. E. Miche, in Okawville, Illi- nois; Emma, wife of C. F. A. Behrensmeyer, dealer in shoes; Clara, wife of William Gerdes, vice president and superintendent of the Michelmann Steel Construction Company; Elizabeth and Dorothea Michelmann ; and Albert Michelmann, druggist. John H. Michel- mann is president of the Michelmann Steel Construction Company. William August Basse, born November 15, 1811, in Barmen, Rhen- ish Priissia, studied mechanics, and in Goettingen worked on the first telegraph, which in 1833 was installed by Professors Steinheil, Grund and Weber, connecting the Sternhalle with the Physical Cabinet. Later he learned steel engraving, and in 1836 located in Luedenscheid, Westphalia, where he married Friederike L. Huelsmann, born in Essen. In 1845 he, with H. Fischer, began to manufacture metal wares. In 1855 the family emigrated, arriving in Quiney June 23, and in 1856 William A. Basse and Henry Huelsmann opened a jew- elry business in this city, which still exists. William A. Basse died in 1880. Henry Huelsmann followed him in death in 1885, and Mrs. Basse departed this life in 1892. August Basse, the son, born in Essen, January 15, 1840, married ]\Iarie Kespohl, ]\Iareh 19, 1864, and was active in the jewelry business for more than fifty years. Henry Basse, the son of August Basse, is manager of the husiness, while ^larie Basse, the widow, and her daughter Bertha live in this city. The widow Augusta Sellner is a daughter of William A. Basse. John Henry Wilms, born February 13, 1806, in Leiehlingen, Rhenish Prussia, married Katherine Hamacher, born May 30, 1815, in Neukirehen. John H. Wilms, together with F. W. Jansen, had learned cabinet making in the fatherland. In 1855 the family came to Wheeling, Virginia, and in the fall of the same year to Quiney, where John H. AVilms for many years was employed in the Jan- sen furniture factory. September 22, 1872, Mr. Wilms died, and January 7, 1878, Mrs. Wilms departed this life. Frederick Wilms, the eldest son, bom October 25, 1842, for many years was active in the coal busines-s, being president of the Wabash Coal Company, and later, when the Mercantile Trust & Savings Bank was organized, he QUIXCY AM) AI)A:MS COUNTY 417 became president of that iustitution. Ilis wife Anna, nee Dickliut, is a (iauglitcr of the old i)ioneer William Dickhut. Mr. and Mi-s. Wilius now reside in San Diego, California. William Wilms, the twin-brother of Frederick Wilms, for many years was secretary of the Wabash Coal Company, x-esidiug in Springfield. Rudolph Wilms, the young- est of the brothers, born April 17, 1850, for more than thirty years was connected with the Halbach-Schroeder Drj' Goods Company, and now is secretary of the Mcyer-Wilms Dry Goods Company. His wife, Helen, nee Magaret, was a daughter of Kev. Ernst E. JIagaret, pastor of the First German Methodist Church, Peoria, Illinois. John Christopher and Maria Franziska (Luttinann) Fischer, were married in Hanover in 1830, and in 1832 came to America, landing in Baltimore September 13th, with one daughter Anna Marie. They located in Fredcricktown, Maryland, where a son was bom ilarch 29, 1833, John Christopher, Jr., who came to Quincy in 1855. He was a stove molder, and on August 1, 1865, married Mary A. Wielage, born in Hanover, who had come to Quiiicy with her parents in 1846. The children of John Christopher and Mary A. (Wielage) Fischer were: John J. Fisher, bom in Quincy, July 6, 1867. He attended St. Mary's parochial school, and later became a clerk in a confectionery, after which he was employed in a grocery store, thus gaining intimate knowledge of modern business methods. In 1884 he turned his attention to the stove trade, being employed as clerk in the office of the Excelsior Stove Works, which company discon- tinued business in 1890. Jlay 1, 1890, John J. Fisher went into the stove repair business, under the firm style Excelsior Stove Repair Company. In 1893 this business was incorporated under the laws of Illinois, in 1896 the capital was increased and the name changed to Excelsior Stove and JIanufacturing Company, and the manufac- ture of stoves and ranges begun, since which time the products of the company have been marketed in every state in the Union, as well as foreign countries. From a small beginning this has become one of the important productive industries of Quincy. John J. Fisher is president of the Quincy Freight Bureau. May 31, 1902, he married Ellen Cecelia Xolan. Other children of John Christopher and .Mary A. (Wielage) Fischer were: William Joseph, now superintendent of the Excelsior Stove W^orks; Henry W^illiam, foreman in the tin room, Excelsior Stove Works; Ottilia, wife of Theodore Ehrhardt, superintendent of the Excelsior Stove Works: Martha, wife of Otto Duker; Henrietta, wife of Fred Rummenie, in St. Paul, Minnesota. John Christopher Fischer, Jr., died November 1, 1879, and his widow a number of yeai-s later liecame the wife of Nicholas Kohl, presi- dent of the N. Kohl Grocer Company. Settlers of 1856 Edward Arntzen was a brother of Senator Bernard Amtzen, bora in Sucdlohn, Westphalia, and came to Quincy in 1856. He was 418 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY a civil engineer, and a member of the eng^ineer coi'ps which sur- veyed the line for the Pacitie Railroad. Later he returned to Quincy, •where he was active in business for some time. Finally he went to St. Louis, and for twenty years was engaged in the city engineer's department, until his death in the spring of 1906. Peter H. Meyer, born December 25, 1840, in Herford, Westphalia, came to Quincy in 1856, and here learned the carpenter's trade. Later he ibecame a building contractor and as such built a number of churches, besides many business houses and residence buildings. He married Hannah Menke, who came to Quincy with her parents in 1852. In 1912 Peter H. Meyer died in California, leaving his wife and the following children: Anna, wife of Charles Cottrell in Quincy; Laura, wife of Prof. William Geiger, in Tacoma, Washing- ton; Minna, wife of George Weaver; and one son, Harry Meyer, in St. Louis. Gottlieb Burge, bom in 1823 in Homussen, Switzerland, came to America in 1847, located in Vicksburg, :Mississippi, and later came to Cincinnati, where he married Josephine Gerschwiler. In 1856 they came to Quincy, where Gottlieb Burge was a member of the firm Lark- worthy & Burge, building contractors, later Burge & Buerkin, and finally Burge-Huck Company, manufacturers of showcases and fur- nishing interior work for banks, drug-stores and business houses generally. October 6, 1902, Gottlieb Burge died, the business being continued by his son-in-law Oscar P. Huck, until the death of the latter. AVilliam Eber, born June 20, 1829, in ITnterrodach, Bavaria, after finishing his commercial education, came to America in 1849, located in Baltimore, and a year later went to Warren, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in business for over five years. In 1856 he came to Quincy, and for many years was identified with the seed business, gaining an enviable reputation. He was one of the active promoters of the beet sugar industry in this country. William Eber died April 4, 1910, leaving his wife, Mrs. Susanna Eber, one son, AVilliam Eber, Jr., and five daughters, Emma, Sadie, Sophia, Frieda and Nellie Eber. The Eber Seed Company is incorporated. Henry Ording, born ]March 10, 1836, in Suedlohn, Oldenburg, came to Quincy in 1856, and worked at his trade in a chair factory, later he conducted a general store. He served as alderman of the Fifth Ward and as deputy sheriff. In 1878 he was elected as sheriff, and finally appointed as chief of police. October 25, 1859, he mar- ried Mary C. Glass, bom in Quincy November 29, 1841. In February, 1912, he died ; his wife still lives. Sons are : Henry Ording, Jr., teller in the Ricker National Bank; John Ording, secretary of the J. H. Duker & Brothers Company; Charles J. Ording, druggist in Chi- I QUI.XCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 419 cago; August Ording in Quincy. Daughters are: Mrs. Marj* Tos- sick, Mrs. Lyle Beers, and Antoinette, known as Sister Aquina, Order of Notre Dame. John Jacob Bonnet, bom 1830 in Wuerttemberg, came to America in 1833 with his parents. The family located in Zanesville, Ohio, where the son grew up and learned the stove moldcrs trade. In 1856 John J. Bonnet came to Quincy, and in 1860 married Margaret Sauber, born in this city in 1832. For many years he followed his trade, and in 1862 together with Thomas "Wliite and James Duffy organized a company for the manufacture of stoves, under the firm name. "White, Bonnet & Duffy. Later he was instrumental in the organization of the firm Bonnet, Duffy & Trowbridge. Finally John J. Bonnet, together with Richard Nance, opened a stove foun- dry in Chicago Heights, Illinois. Edward Wild was born in 1833, in St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 1856 he came to Quincy and formed a co-partnership with Innocenz Moser, also from St. Gallen, conducting a soap factory, making stearine and lard oil, and dealing in salt, tallow, hides and wool. October 21, 1861, Edward Wild married Isahelle ^I. Obert, a daugh- ter of the old pioneer ^latthias Obert, she being a teacher in the pub- lic schools. She died December 8, 1869, her husband died in 1878 in Memphis. Tennessee, of yellow fever. Two children survive, one son, Edward 0. Wild, in New Orleans, publisher of the Gulf States Farmer, and prominent in the business circles of the Crescent Citj% the metropolis of the South ; also one daughter, Anna C, the wife of Erde W. Beatty, circuit clerk of Adams County. George Worth, boni September 14, 1816, in Eckclsheim, Grand- duchy of Hessen, came to New Orleans in 1845. He was a tailor, and after an attack of yellow fever came to Evansville, Indiana, where he in 1848 married ^Margaret Mann, born in Eckel.sheim. February 2, 1826. Her great-uncle, Frederick Decker, taught in the first Ger- man school in Evansville, and his son. Christian Decker, was the first .school trustee of Evan.s\-ille, the librarj' in the high school being named the Christian Decker Library. In 1856 George Worth and family came to Quincy, where he for many years conducted a tail- oring fstablishment. he being a master at his trade. He died May 17, 1877, his wife departed this life April 24, 1902. Three children are living: Mrs. C. F. Bert, Packerton, Indiana; Mrs. Amelia Roelker, Brooklyn, New York; and John C. Worth, Quincy, Illinois. C. F. Adolph Behrensmeyer. born September 22, 1835, in Oeyn- hausen, Westphalia, came to Quincy in 1856. Ho was a carpenter and for ten years was engaged as contractor and builder. Then he con- ducted a general store, and also a shoe-store, finally retiring from active business. C. F. A. Behrensmeyer married ilary Beilstein, the 420 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY daughter of an old German pioneer. She died November 13, 1890, and he later married the widow Augusta Wehner, nee Vohwinkel, of Elberfeld. He died April 5, 1910; the widow sur^dves. Sons of C. F. A. and ilarj^ (Beilstein) Behrensmej^er are: Charles F. A. Behrensmeyer, Jr., dealer in shoes; George Philip Behrensmeyer, a graduate of the University of Illinois and prominent as architect in Quiney, and Edward Behrensmeyer, engaged in the office of his brother, the architect. Herman H. Merten, bona July 9; 1823, in Westerkappeln, Germanj-, came to St. Louis in the '40s of last century, where he leai'ned the trade of wagon-maker. In 1856 he came to Quiney, where he for many j-ears conducted a lumber yard. In 1879 he I'etired from active business life, turning the lumber yard over to his son-in-law, William Heidemann, who was born in 1843 in Herford, Westphalia, came to Quiney in 1853 with his parents, worked for a gardener for some time and later learned to be a book-binder. He also served in the Tenth Illinois Infantry during the Civil war. William Heidemann conducted the lumber business until he died, June 1, 1906. The Heidemann Lumber Company is continued under the management of the son, Arthur H. Heidemann, assisted by his sister Orlinda Heidemann ; the other sisters are, Meta, Emma and Mathilde Heide- mann. Henry Freiburg, born October 18, 1835, in Allendorf, West- phalia, was a shoemaker and came to Quiney in 1856, worked as a journeyman at his trade until 1862, when he opened a shoe-store, which he conducted until 1879. In 1882 he started a shoe factory, an enterprise which promised success. But soon the competition of the large factories became too strong, and Henry Freiburg had to give up. Then he started the Crispin shoe factor}^, doing custom and repair work, an enterprise which, since the death of Henry- Freiburg, June 21, 1917, is continued by the son Joseph B. C. Freiburg. January 21, 1862, Henry Freiburg married Josephine Meyer, a daughter of the old German pioneer Christopher Meyer. Their sons are: Joseph, Christopher and Alphons Freiburg; daugh- ters: Veronica, wife of Joseph Geers; Maria, wife of Bernard Brinks; Agnes, wife of Lawrence Wavering; Rosa, single; and Led- wina, wife of Joseph Adrian, Martinsburg, J\Iissouri. John B. Schott, born March 28, 1833, in Ki-onach, Bavaria, was a tanner and currier and came to America in 1852, locating in Cin- cinnati, where he worked at his trade until April 1, 1856, when he came by way of Chicago and Dubuque to Quiney, landing here May 16 of said year. On the very same day he leased the tannerj' at Sixth and State streets, which had been established by Julius Schleich in 1848, and conducted the business for many years, grad- ually extending the scope of his labors, engaging in the general leather QL'I.XCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 421 business. In 1875 he began the mauufacture of horse collars, and in 1877 entered into the wholesale manufacture of saddlery goods, employing from 80 to 100 men. January 18, 1906, the large estab- lishment at Third and Hampshire streets was destroyed by fire, but partly rebuilt and the manufacture of horse collars resumed. Febru- ary 17, 1859, John B. Schott married Adolphina Schleich. May 6, 1910, John B. Schott died, leaving his wife with three sons, John, Adolph and Robert Schott, and three daughters, Mrs. Autonie Wolf, widow of Louis AVolf ; ^Irs. Julia Lauter, wife of Charles Lauter, and Miss Emma Schott; the latter died in 1913. Bernard H. IMollcr, born November 29, 1819, in Mehrsen, Han- nover, in 1847 married Mary ]\Iassmann, and they in 1848 came to St. Louis, where a son, Henry H. Holler, was bom May 29, 1848. In 1849 Mrs. Moller died of cholera, and in 1856 Bernard H. Moller came to Quincy with his son. The latter attended St. Francis Col- lege, and then entered upon a business career as clerk in the Ricker Bank, where he remained four years, finally occupying the position as teller. After being engaged with different firms he finally in 1875 entered the lumber business with his brother-in-law, Joseph H. Van- denBoom, as a member of the firm Moller & VandenBoom. He also was interested in other business enterprises, and served in the county board of Adams County for six years. January 10, 1871, Henry H. Moller married Louisa VandenBoom. Sons are: Henrj- B., secretary of the Moller &. VandenBoom Company; Frank G., attorney in Buf- falo, New York; Frederick, treasurer of the Moller & VandenBoom Company; and Edward, with the same company. One daughter, Mrs. Vincent Hayes, resides in Los Angeles, California. Charles Sellner, born October 17, 1825, near "Weil, Wuerttembcrg, was educated as a merchant, and in 1848 came to Buffalo, New York, where he for several years was engaged in the leather busi- ness of the firm Schoellkopf. In 1849 he married Amalie Knorr, born 1829 near Altensteig in the Black Forest. In 1856 Charles Sellner came to Quincy with his family and opened a leather busi- nes.s, which he conducted until his death October 30, 1900; his wife died September, 1914. Children were: I^Irs. William Althans, Mrs. Emil Knittel, Charles Sellner, Jr., and Albert Sellner. The latter, born November 2, 1850, after receiving a thorough common school education, attended the Royal Polytechnic In.stitute at Stuttgart, Germany, graduating from the chemistry department. Returning to Quincy in 1870, he devoted himself for some time to analytical chemistrj- and the manufacture of chemicals. In 1873 he accepted a position with Jliller, Terdengc & Company, two years later became a partner in the business, the firm being Miller, Arthur & Sellner, until 1889. Then he engaged in the business of photographic supplies. George Ertel was born April 10, 1830, in Neuburg on the Rhine, and came to America in 1854, where he worked in a furniture factorj' 422 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY in Elmira, New York. In 1855 he went to Williarasport, Pennsylvania, and in 1856 he came to Quincy, whei'e he worked for three years, when he opened a furniture business in Liberty, Adams County. While there, he perfected a hay press, and in 1868 returned to Quincy, devoting himself to the manufacture of hay-presses. The business was a success, and the Ertel hay-presses were sold everywhere in the Union as well as in Canada, Mexico and other countries. Early" in 1893 he secured a patent on an incubator, adding an important branch to his business. In December, 1893, the George Ertel Com- pany was incorporated. In 1873 George Ertel was elected a member of the city council, serving two years, and in 1875-76 he was a member of the board of supervisors. December 8, 1855, George Ertel married Elizabeth Gardner, at Williamsport, Pennsylvania. George Ertel died February, 1902; the widow and one son survive. Charles M. Ertel, the son, born in Liberty, September 18, 1864, is president, treasurer and manager of the Ertel Company. William J. Winkelmann, born in Germany, September 27, 1829, came to America in 1843, landing in New York, where he attended night school to learn English. He had begun to learn the cabinet maker's trade in Germany, had also studied architecture, and worked in this country as carpenter and builder. Was in Chicago for a time with his sister, and finally came to Quincy, where he married Mary Kehlenbrink, September 25, 1856. Here he followed his occu- pation as building contractor, and served in the city council as rep- resentative of the Foiu'th Ward from 1861 to 1864, inclusive; also on the board of supervisors and as assessor. William J. Winkelmann died March 28, 1878, and his wife departed this life July 14, 1888. Sons living are: Frank and George, both carpenters; and Albert Winkelmann, a Methodist minister. Daughters are : Clara, wife of Fred Merker; they have two daughters, Mrs. George Behrensmeyer, Wichita, Kansas, and Mrs. Earl Reed, her husband being a railway mail clerk. Other daughters of William J. and I\Iary (Kehlenbrink) Winkelmann are: Mrs. H. M. Dido, her husband being president of the interurban between Belleville and St. Louis; and Mrs. Charles Merz, on a farm near Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. The Dick Brothers were prominent faetoi's in the development of the industries of Quincy. They were born in Ruppertsberg, Rheuisii Bavaria : ilatthew, July 8, 1819 ; John, October 9, 1827 ; and Jacob. October 9, 1834. Matthew Dick was twice married, his first wife, Lisette, nee Kohl, died after a short wedded life, and Matthew Dick later married Eleonore Elizabeth Deidesheimer, liorn in Mutterstadt, Rhenish Bavaria. In 1854 the Dick Brothers came to America, locating in St. Louis, but they moved to Belleville, Illinois, in 1855. ^Matthew was a cooper and John a baker, and they conducted a hotel, while Jacob was engaged as salesman in a hardware store. In 1855 John Dick married Louisa Steigmeyer, born in 1837 in Philadelphia, Penu- QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 423 sylvania. In 1856 the Dick Brothers decided to locate in Quincy, where they erected a small brewery, the beginning of an enterprise, which in the more than sixty years of its existence, proved a great success. Besides conducting one of the largest breweries in the state, the Dick Brothers also engaged in the grain and milling busi- ness, this enterprise being conducted under the name Dick Brothers Milling Company. Thus they in the course of time became the em- ployers of a great force of men in their two industrial plants, adding materially to the growth of the city. Jacol) Dick, the youngest of the three brothers, in 1861 was united in marriage to Margaret Redmond, a daughter of the old pioneer Thomas Redmond, who had located in Quincy in 1837. Jacob Dick died December 20, 1876. The originators and founders of the great plant having all departed this life, the enterprise is carried on by their sons. August Dick, the son of Jacob Dick, is president ; Albert Dick, a son of Matthew Dick, is secretary- ; Frank Dick, a son of John Dick, is treasurer and superintendent; and Ernest Dick, another son of Matthew Dick, is salesman of the company. Settlers of 1857 Anton F. Schrage, born July 7, 1810, in Frotheim, Prussia, and his wife Caroline Marie, nee Tiemann, came to Quincy in 1857. Mr. Schrage was a tailor and for many years worked for Jean Philip Bert. Mrs. Schrage died in 1885, her hasband departed this life December 25, 1894. Their daughter, Marie Louise, in 1866 became the wife of Adam Fiek, the building contractor. John L. Schrage, the son, born September 30, 1849, in St. Louis, has been engaged in the Quincy postoffiee since 1869, and for many years was superin- tendent of the mail carriers. John Michael Eull, born December 26, 1824, in Hesslar, Prin- cipality of IIcs.sen, was a teacher at the high school in Cassel, also director of the orchestra. In 1847 he came to St. Louis, where he married Gertrude Ulm, born in Rotenburg, Principality of Hes- .sen. For two years John M. Eull was engaged as music teacher in the ladies' seminarj' at Jacksonville, Illinois. He there was ordained by Bishop Scott as minister of the Methodist Church. In 1857 he came to Quincy and was appointed as teacher in German and Latin in the college on Spring Street, where Jefferson School stands today. Two years later he went into the insurance business, which he con- ducted for twenty-five years. He died November 10, 1887. his wife departed this life November 26, 1893. The daughter Linda is the wife of Charles Ellebrecht. Sons were: Walter, Frank, William and Frederick Eull. Nicholas Kohl, born ilarch 19, 1836. in rnterabtsteinach. Grand- duchy of Hessen, came to Quincy in 1857. Times were dull, not much / 424 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY doing. But in 1861 he secured a position with James T. Baker, whole- sale dealer in groceries, with whom he remained until 1868, when Baker sold out. He then entered the services of Austin & Manson, wholesale grocery, and in the course of time became partner in the business. In 1896 the N. Kohl Grocer Company was organized, which proved a great success. Nicholas Kohl has retired from active busi- ness. George Kohl, the son, is treasurer of the company, and Edward Kohl is clerk. Nicholas Kohl was thrice married. His first wife, Eva Katherine, nee Kunkel, died in 1880 ; his second wife was the widow Agatha "Weber, nee Peters, she died a number of years ago ; then he married for the third time, choosing the widow [Marie Fischer, nee "Wielage. Adam Pick, born September 14, 1840, in Oberdorla, Thuringia, " was a carpenter. He came to Quincy in 1857, and worked on a farm for three years. Then he came to town and worked at his trade. X "When the Civil war broke out he was among the first volunteers, serv- t ing three months, and then he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantrj', serving three years. After the war he was engaged as a building contractor for many years. In 1866 Adam Fick mar- ried Mary L. Schrage. Sons were: "William, for many years in the Quincy postofBce; finally he with his brother John organized the Fick Coal Company. "Walter Fick was engaged with his father in the building business. Daughters were: Caroline at home, and Ida, wife of August Westmann, superintendent of the Keliable In- cubator Works. Adam Fick died in 1912 ; William Fick, the eldest son, died in 1914. Dr. Julius Guenther. born in 1827, in Beerwalde, Sachsen-Alten- burg, studied in the universities of Leipzig, Halle and Vienna. In 1852 he came to New Orleans, where he was active in the Charity Hos- pital during the yellow fever epidemic of 1852 and 1853. In 1854 he returned to Germany, where he married Bertha Jaessing. Then he returned to New Orleans, where he continued his practice until 1857, when he came to Quincy, went to Coatsburg in 1859, and re- turned to New Orleans in 1860, where he remained until 1866, when he again came to Quincy, was president of the Medical Association of Adams County, and died August 17, 1891, his wife having pre- ceded him in death, August 27, 1877. His father, Carl Guenther, died in Coatsburg in 1888. Dr. Alfred Guenther, the son of Dr. Julius Guenther, located in Chicago. ]\Irs. Charles Cramer in Quincy is a daughter of Dr. Julius Guenther, while Clara Guenther, another daughter, was teacher in the public schools. Rudolph Hutmacher, born February 28, 1836, in Dorsten, West- phalia, came to Quincy in 1857. For several years he was a member of the firm Stegmiller & Hutmacher, manufacturers of soap. Then he went into the ice business, and was the first man who transported QUINCY AND ADA:\IS COUNTY 425 ice in barges from Quincy to New Orleans. This was in 1878, and he was greatly honored when he arrived in the Crescent City with his barges, for the yellow fever raged there, and ice was badly needed. November 22, 1859, Rudolph Hutmacher married Josephine Stuckenburg, the daughter of an old German pioneer. Julius Hut- macher, a son, entered the service of the McCorniiek Ilan'estcr Com- pany when sixteen, was promoted, and in 1900 was sent as general representative of the company to Europe, with headquarters in Ber- lin, where he was for many years. Rudolph Hutmacher, Jr., also entered the service of the International Harvester Company. The other sons, Edward, Albert and Matthew, are engaged in the ice business. Rudolph Hutmacher died May 14, 1906, his wife de- parted this life March 27, 1917. Aldo Soramer, born December 13, 1830, in Belgern, Province of Saxony, came to St. Louis in 1848, and finally located in Quincy in 1857, where he became a member of the drug firm F. Flachs & Com- pany. In 1860 he succeeded to the entire bu.siness. Four years later the firm Sommer & Metz opened an extensive wholesale and retail drug house. In 1869 Aldo Sommer retired from bu-siness to travel with his family in this countrj' and Europe. In 1873 he returned to embark in the wholesale drug business exclusively, xmder the firm name Sommer, Lynds & Company, of which Mr. Sommer was presi- dent and treasurer. In 1894 their entire stock was lost by water on account of a fire in an adjoining building. Then the Aldo Som- mer Drug Company succeeded to the business, ilr. Sommer was also largely interested in the Van Natta-Lynds Drug Company, St. Joseph, I\Iissouri, and was president of the Spokane Drug Company, Spokane, Washington. In 1862 he with Mr. Hargis established the Star Nursery, for more than twenty-five years one of the leading nurseries in this section. Aldo Sommer married ^lathilde Braun of Washington, Missouri. He died August 7, 1916, leaving his wife and family. The son Walter B. Sommer is president of the Aldo Som- mer Drug Company. Herman Henry Kespohl, born February 6, 1814, near Herford, Westphalia, came to Quincy with his family in 1857, conducted a bakery and later a general store for a number of years. He died 1880, his wife departed this life in 1897. Louis Ke.spohl, the eldest son, for a number of years was active in the shoe business, also in the dry goods business, then he moved to Atchison, Kansas. Henry Kespohl, the second son, who was interested in a wholesale business in St. Louis for some time, came to Quincy, where he became a member of the firm of Meyer & Kespohl, wholesale grocers, until he died in 1893. Julius Kespohl, born May 8, 1844, completed his studies in Quincy, and in 1864 went into the dry goods business, which he conducted for many years, being very successful. He mar- ried Friederika Sien, daughter of an old German pioneer. October 426 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 29, 1909, Julius Kespohl died, leaving his widow, one son, Julius Kespohl, Jr., and three daughters, Mrs. Otto Mohrenstecher, Miss Ada Kespohl and Mrs. Oliver Williams. The business founded l,y Julius Kespohl more than a half century ago, is continued by the son and son-in-law, the firm Kespohl-Mohrenstecher Company being Jvidely known. The other children of Herman H. and Augasta (Kuester) Kespohl were: Charles. Frederick and Emil Kespohl, Mrs. A. Basse, Mrs. F. W. Halbaeh, Mrs. W. Schmidt, Mrs. Carl Stoffregen and Elizabeth Kespohl. Settlers op 1858 J. Henry Fischer, bom May 14, 1837, in Horb, Bavaria, came to Quiney in 1858. He was a baker, an occupation which he followed for many years. For four years he held a position in the Quiney postoffice. He represented the Fourth Ward in the city council for twelve years, was superintendent of streets for one year, and en- gaged as salesman in the clothing business for twenty years. He married Caroline Kinkel, a daughter of the old pioneer John Kinkel. She died in 1905, and he later married Minna Teuber, born in Braunschweig. Frederick Kreismann, born March 24, 1828, in Frankenhausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, came to America in 1848. He was a tinner and worked as such in St. Louis. Then he conducted a tin business in Meredosia, Illinois. Being appointed as railway mail agent between Quiney and Decatur, he came to Quiney in 1858. Here he was agent of the Neeleyville Coal Company. Later the family moved to St. Louis, where Frederick Kreismann conducted a grocery business. Frederick H. Krei.smann the son, born in Quiney in 1868, was elected mayor of St. Louis, an office which he held in 1910, when he visited in Quiucy and was entertained at a banquet in the Hotel Newcomb. Dr. Charles E. Conrad, born ilay 16, 1820, in Hartraannsdorf, Silesia, was educated as a missionary, and in 1848 sent to British East India, where he was engaged for ten years in his mission work. His health having suffered, he was compelled to leave India and came to Quiney in 1858, where he organized the Congregational Zion's Church, also serving congregations in Fowler and Fall Creek, being thus engaged for more than forty years. He also practiced medi- cine. After a very active life he died January 21, 1901, aged over eighty years. In 1860 Doctor Conrad married Mary Bode ; she sur- vives with two sons, who are practicing physicians, and one daugh- tei', iliss Sarah Conrad. John Henrs' Steinkamp, born August 17, 1837, in Coesfeld, West- phalia, came to Quiney in 1858. He learned the trade of saddler and harnessmaker with -John B. Koch, and in 1862 established himself QUIXCY Ax\D ADAMS COUNTY 427 in the business, which he has conducted for many years. For many years he served in the volunteer fire department, being foreman of No. 3, and later of No. 5. For one year he served as city marslial, and two years as tax collector. In 1880 he was electi-d as city assessor, an oflSce which he held for more than thirty years, being repeatedly re- elected by the people. In 1863 John Henrj- Steinkamp married Mary A. Terliesner, and they have two sous, Bernard Henry and \Villiam Aloys St«inkamp, and one daughter, Mrs. Anna Dopheide. Dr. John Schmidt, bom November 22, 1822, in Castell, Bavaria, came to this countrj' with his parents in 1839. They landed in Balti- more and went to Ilarrisburg, Penn.sylvania, where Nicholas Schmidt, the father, died a week later. The son, left alone with his mother, was apprenticed to a shoemaker, to learn the trade. But a year later left, crossing the Alleghanys afoot to Pittsburgh. In 1841 be came West, down the Ohio and up the Mississippi, to Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin, where John Schmidt engaged as fireman on a steamboat and went to New Orleans. Then he came to Louisville, Kentucky, where he for six years worked at his trade as shoemaker. Later he became a minister in the Methodist Church, being engaged as such for ten years. Finally he studied medicine in Rush ^ledical College in Chicago, completing his studies in the Homeopathic Col- lege in St. Louis. In 1858 he came to Quincy, where he was pastor of the First German IMethodist Church for two years, after which he devoted himself to the practice of medicine, until he died, July 27, 1906. Dr. John Schmidt was twice married, his first wife, Wilhelmina, nee Laib, died in 1851 ; his second wife, Pauline, nee Meise, departed this life in 1900. Three sons of Dr. Schmidt became physicians : Edgar T., Albert H. and William G. Schmidt; all of them have de- parted this life. The youngest son, John Schmidt, Jr., learned the painter's trade. Settlers of 1859 Frederick William Meyer, bom December 9, 1836, in Beme, Olden- burg, came to Milwaukee in 1850. Two years later he came to St. Louis, and in 1859, in connection with Louis Budde, went into the wholesale grocery business in Quincy. In 1867 he took a trip to Europe, his health having been impaired. Returning, he devoted himself to the business with renewed energy. Several years later Louis Budde withdrew from the business, and Frederick W. Meyer formed a partnei-ship with W. S. Wai-field. This firm continued until 1890, when F. W. Meyer withdrew, to devote his attention to the First National Bank, of which he became cashier. Finally he went to California, where he died August 12, 1899. Frederick W. Meyer married Eleanor Reyland, a daughter of the old pioneer Philip J. Reyland. She died in California some time ago, where she had gone with her three daughters. 428 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Nicholas Heintz, born March 25, 1839, in Oberlenken, Prussia, came to America with his parents iu 1854, locating in Milwaukee, where both parents died within a week after their arrival, as vic- tims of the cholera. A year later the sou went to St. Paul, Minne- sota, where he learned the shoemaker's trade. In the fall of 1859 Nicholas Heintz came to Quincy, where he worked at his trade for two years, and then secured a position as clerk with Charles Brown, Jr., and six years later was admitted as partner in the business, being with the house for seventeen years. In 1878 he opened a shoe store on Main Street, which has continued for the last forty years. Nicholas Heintz married Wilhelmine Einhaus, the daughter of an old German pioneer,, and their sons, Herman, William, George and Albert Heintz are connected with their father in the shoe business. Settlers op 1860 John Wich, born August 19, 1834, in Unterrodach, Bavaria, was a cooper and came to America in 1854, landing in Montreal, Canada. From there he came to the United States, worked in New York, Balti- more and Washington. Then he served as fireman on the railroad in South Carolina, and on a farm in Ohio. In 1860 he came to Quincy. Here he married Johanna Eber in 1861. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in Company H, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry and served to the end of the war. Then he started a vinegar factory in Quincy. John Wich died in 1909. :Mrs. Wich departed this life in 1910. Sons were: Oscar, a collar maker; Kudolph, a plumber; Walter, a druggist, later in the mail service. Daughters were : Laura, Hed- wig and Margaret, teachers in the public schools ; Evalinde, librarian of the Quincy Library of Law Books; and Jennie, the wiie of Frederick Seheid, the machinist. Henry B. Menke, born in Germany in 1834, was an example of what a man with an honest purpose and indomitable will power can accomplish. He came to Quincy in 1860, and worked on a farm for three years. Then he accepted a position as clerk in the store of A. J. Lubbe. In 1873 he started a retail dry goods store, and the success of this business was remarkable. Later W. T. Duker became a partner and the firm of Menke & Duker continued the busi- ness in a spacious new building erected for the firm by Mr. Menke in 1888. In 1893 Mr. Menke retired from active business owing to impaired health. In 1896 he again went into business, and the Menke Dry Goods Company was organized, and 1898 a jobbing depart- ment was added. Finally Mr. Menke retired from active business. In 1864 Henry B. ilenke married Louisa Brockschmidt, and they had two sons and four daughters. Mrs. Menke died February 29, 1916. Ben Heckle was born June 18, 1846, in Schelingen, Baden, and came to America with his parents in 1851. They located in Detroit, (,iri.\(V AND ADAMS COUNTY 429 Michig^an, and later moved to Buffalo, Iowa. Ben Heckle came to Quincy in 1860 to attend school, and later returned to Iowa. After his mother died lie again came to Quincy. After the Civil war he was engaged as bartender on steamboats between St. Louis and New Orleans until 1868. Then he returned to Quincy, where he married Victoria S. Mast, a daughter of the old German pioneer Caspar Mast. Their daughters are: Cecelia, wife of Prof. A. ^I. Simons, Visalia, California; Edith, wife of Henry Kirtlej', machinist; Theresia, wife of Herbert Mueller, civil engineer and county sur- veyor. Sons are: Alois C, with his father in the insurance busi- ness ; Carl, a smith ; J. Ben, Jr., a machinist ; Robert F., a machinist, with his brother-in-law Henry Kirtley in the automobile business in Bushnell, Illinois. Ben Heckle became prominent in public life, be- ing elected, sheriff in 1882, serving until 1886; he was deputy revenue collector from 1888 to 1891 ; in 1892 he was elected as county recorder; from 1898 to 1902 he was secretary of the Board of Pub- lic Improvements ; then again county recorder from 1902 to 1906 ; and has been justice of the peace for twelve years. Henry C. Behrensmeyer, 1862 Henry C. Behrensmeyer, born Februarj- 26, 1826, in Oeynhausen, Prussia, married Henrietta F. Dickmann. In 1862 the family came to Quincy, where Mr. Behrensmeyer for a number of years was inter- ested in pork packing. Ileniy C. Behrensmeyer died April 2, 1894, and his wife departed this life a uuml>er of years ago. Henry P. Behrensmeyer, the eldest son, born Februaiy, 1868, attended the Salem Parochial School, the public schools and Gem City Business College, where he today is the principal of the Normal Penmanship department. His wife, ^linnie, nee Bitter, was a daughter of John H. and Anna (Menkc) Bitter; they have one daughter, Mrs. Wayne Johnson. Edward T. Behrensmeyer, the second sou, born August 26, 1870, became traveling solicitor for the Illinois Malleable Iron Company of Chicago. Friederike, the daughter of Ilcni-y C and Henrietta (Dickmann) Behrensmeyer, became the wife of August II. Aehelpohl. Rev. Jacob Seidel, 1863 Rev. Jacob Seidel, born February 25, 1822, in Walpenreuth, Bavaria, in his youth was a weaver. Then he taught school for four years, studied in Rev. 'William Loehe's mission school in Neu to 1848 — Quincy Exodus op Gold Hunters, 1848-50 — First Daily Mail and DaHjT News- paper — Made a Part of Entry — Illuminating Gas and Other Bright Local Things — The Lincoln-Douglas Festhities — The Mayors of the City — Public Questions Adjudged by Popular Vote — The Public Schools of Quincy — Frantvlin, the Father OF Them All — Jefferson and Webster Schools — Other Pub- lic Institutions of Learning — Official School Management — Strong Featurf-s of the Present System — School Savings — The Junior High Sciiooii — Raising the Teaching Standard — Present Status op Schools — The Fire Department — The Quincy Water "Works — Quincy's Worst Fire — The Park and BoiLEVARD System — Mr. Parker's Self-Sacrifice — Loyal Co- workers — Officers 1888-1918 — Sources of Park Re\t:nue — The Parks in Detaii. — The Cemeteries — The Police of Quincy — Quincy Gas, Electric and Heating Company — Local Trans- portation Systems. Wliat is known as Quincy has already emerged indistinctly, and through various fragments of history, in certain of the printed pages 439 440 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY which have gone before. In a few chapters which follow it is pro- posed to develop the successive settlement, town and city more syste- matically, until such time as it has grown to such proportions that it is necessary to break the subject as a whole into sub-topics. The latter are to set forth in detail the edvicational, religious, benevolent, charitable, business, financial and industrial agencies which have been steadily at work in the evolution of Quincy into a strong and complex modern city. ]\Iagic of Historic Restoration To start with the site of Quincy, before the settlement was even conceived — how did it look ? In order to restore the primitive picture, the historical plan must be the reverse of the scientific method of geologists in their restoration of Mastodons and other animals of the prehistoric world. They have a few bones and existing beasts of some- what similar structure for comparisoii; to be used as data in the composition of the monsters and freaks (judged by the forms of today) M'hich passed away as entities ages ago. In the restoration of pictures a century old, the American historian has to labor under the disadvantage of ha%'ing them buried under the mass of rapid growths which has quite obliterated the past. But printing comes to the rescue ; those who were alive a century ago have placed their impres- sions in type, and the historian takes a line here and a line there until he can achieve what would otherwise be a magic and almost impossible restoration. Gen. John Tillson, the veteran of the Civil war and the talented home writer, projecting the landscape of a century ago upon what was, at the time of his writing, the young City of Quincy, has done this in such masterly fashion, that his words are quoted: "Little can one who looks today upon the broad and beautiful area on which our bustling city stands realize the contrast of the present scene, with the wild solitude that revives in the retrospection of nearly a century. One may indeed imagine the aspect of the locality, were the buildings all removed, the streets all abandoned and all tokens of life taken away. But permanent changes have been effected; landscape lines are now gone ; physical features forever effaced, which onlj' a few survivors ever saw. "Years ago, as the first white settler saw it, before axe or plough had desecrated nature 's sanctity, the city was marked by alternations of timber and prairie ; timber in the ravines, along the streams, cover- ing also the crest and river face of the bluffs ; and prairie generally on the level land and the ridges which separated the ravines. The timber was usually hea\'y except near the heads of the draws, where it became gradually lighter or altogether disappeared. The prairie was luxuriant, not with the long swamp grass of the bottom lands nor of the prairies in Southern Illinois, but with a grass about breast QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 441 high and very thick. It did not, as many imagine, reach to the river or even to the verge of the bluffs. The Present Laid Upon the Past "Along the river bank from what is now known as Broadway to Delaware, there stood a scattering growth of trees, while south of the latter point the rank, luxuriant, almost impenetrable vegeta- tion common to our bottom lands, prevailed. The strip of lands below the bluffs and along the river was then much narrower than at present; the hills having been cut and blasted away. From Hroadway south to Delaware the rock cropped out continuously, and was always visible at an average stage of water. For keel and steamboats, the usual landing place was then, and long after, between Vermont and Broadwaj' ; probably selected because the trees here were convenient to tie to and the river plateau was broader; also becau.se they were more sheltered from the wind. It was easy to get into the river again from there, as at that time the point of the 'island' lay much higher uj) than at present; in fact, the main river channel ran directly over it, where is now the highest growth of willows on the Tow Head. "The present area of the city was about equally divided between timber and prairie, the latter slightly predominating. The prairie from the east threw out four long arms or feelers, as if striving to reach the river; one of these extended as far as Eighth Street in what is now known as Berrian's Addition; a second about the same distance on State Street; a third creeping into the heart of the city and narrowing down, pushing diagonally across the public square nearly to Third Street, and the fourth broke in about Chestnut and Twelfth; thence, 'with many a winding bout.' almost lost at times, reached nearly to Sunset Hill. East of Eighteenth Street all was jirairie save a short thicket spur which ran eastward a few blocks from the Alstyne quarter near Chestnut Street, and a small grove of young trees at what is now Highland Park, which has greatly increased in size. "Between Twelfth and Eighteenth, in John Moore's Addition, all excepting a small slice off the northwest corner, was prairie. On the south side of Governor "Wood's large field about Eighteenth and Jefferson there stood about twenty acres of heavj' timber, part of which may still be seen. Along the rear of the present (written in 1857) residences of Messrs. L. Bull, McFadon and Pinkham lay a small thicket, and a similar shaped strip of larger growth stretched across the Al.styne quarter from near Broadway and Eighteenth to the corner of the Bcrrian (juarter, uniting west of Twelfth with the forest in Cox's Addition. "To follow the division line between the prairie and timber, let one commence in Eighteenth Street on the south line of the city facing north. On his right hand all was prairie; on the left, timber. The line ran nearly due north almost to .Jefferson Street, crossing the 442 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY latter a little west of Eighteenth, pushed three or four hundred feet into Governor Wood's large field, then turned sharply around in a southwesterly direction, recrossed Jefferson about Fourteenth, crossed Twelfth near Monroe, theuce ran through Berrian's Addition in a direction somewhat south-of-west to near Eighth where, curving back almost on itself, it inclosed a pretty little prairie islet of about ten acres. Thence it bore northeasterly, crossing Jefferson about Ninth, touching Twelfth (but not crossing) at Payson Avenue; there swing- ing around toward the west, it followed nearly the line of Ohio to Eighth, then north along Eighth to near where Dick's Brewery now stands ; thence east, irregularly parallel with Kentucky, just touching the northeast corner of Governor Wood's garden; thence, veering northwest, it crossed Twelfth just north of York and then ran east- ward nearly to Eighteenth from this point (Jersey and Sixteenth), the dividing line between the timber and prairie turned west again and, passing through the back part of L. Bull's grounds, gradually neared Maine Street so as to take in the Webster School House, a few of the trees standing there yet. From the corner of Maine and Twelfth it ran, by a wavering line, to the corner of Hampshire and Eighth. This part of the city (Droulard's quarter between Eighth and Twelfth) was cut by ravines running from north to south, all of them sustaining thickets of various lengths according to the size of the ravine and all pointing northward. The postofSce building stands on what was prairie, but just on the southern edge. The line from there ran west, slightly inclining to the south, so as to cross the corner of Sixth and Maine streets diagonally. It passed southwest, touched Fifth Street, followed it down on the east side as far as the engine house, crossed the street there, leaving Robert Tillson's lot corner of Fifth and Jersey, part in the prairie and part in the brush. Thence it went southwest to near the corner of York and Fourth, crossing Fourth at the alley between York and Kentucky. Bending then somewhat south, then west, then north, all in this same block, it recrossed York near Third. This was the most westerly limit, the nearest approach that the prairie made to the river. Imme- diately west across Third Sti'eet, there lay, embosomed in the thick timber, a pretty little pond, a noted resort for wild ducks covering about three acres, its western limit reaching nearly to the crest of the bluff. Vestiges of this little lake existed as late as 1840 and later. Long before this the timber had disappeared, and the jwnd was finally drained in cutting York Street through to the bluff. "Thence the prairie line went back, passing north up Third to Jersey, thence diagonally across Block 18 to the corner of Maine and Fourth, thence north along the west side of Fourth with the square (all prairie) on the right, it turned across Fourth just north of Hamp- shire, struck Vermont at Fifth, passed along the southern edge of Jefferson Square, about one third of the square being prairie. That portion which was afterward a burying ground crossed Broadway near Seventh, still running northeast, crossed Eighth, then took a QUIXCY AND ADAMS OOUNTY 443 nearly direct course to Twelfth. Not crossing Twelftii, it bore off in an irregular line toward the northwest and, running almost to Sunset Hill, before reaching which it swept around to the right and north and again east and southeast, joining itself to the heavy timber in Cox's Addition, making in this part of the city just such a prairie island as we have mentioned in Berrian's Addition, onlj- a greatly larger one. "The natural drainage of the city was defective, entailing no small amount of difficulty and expense in providing for needed sewerage. The reason of this is that along the river front the ravines which ran up into the blutf, were extremely short, scarcely draining as far east as the public scjuare. A larger portion of the city, especially that most easily settled, was drained to the east. By far the largest portion of the water that fell ran in the watershed inclines toward the east instead of direct to the river, and found its way there finally, through the great ravines that seamed the eastern and central portion of the place. '"The crest of the bluff immediately overlooking the river, scal- loped as it was on the western face by these scant ravines, was yet highest along the line of Second and Third streets and thence toward the east the land descended for some distance. The average height of the bluffs above low water mark was 126 feet. The crest occa- sionally rose into little conical peaks, in many of which bones, weapons and other remains of the Indian race have been found. "The highest among these was ]\Iount Pisgah. It stood on the south side of IMaine near Second and was much tiie highest peak on the bluffs, commanding a most attractive view of the river and our rich surroundings in every direction. Its name was earned first by the promising prospects it offered, and afterward was kept and claimed, so it is said, from the many promises there made, when, in later years, it became the trysting place of negotiating lads and lasses during the dusky hours. The streets have shorn away its western and northern face, the vandal gi-asp of improvement toppled its high head to the dust, the very heart of the haughty hill has been washed into the waves of the river on which it had frowned for centuries, but there is many a peruser of these pages who will always cherish plea-sant and regretful remembrances of the venerable mount." Even the present resident of Quiiicy may thus picture to himself the natural features of the city's site, as it was viewed by Justus Perigo and Daniel Lisle, the first settlers of the county, and by John Wood and Willard Keyes, the founders of the settlement at tlie Bluffs. The story of their coming in 1824, with the arrival of John Droulard, the French shoemaker and others, has already boon told. Also the fixing of the county seat, its platting and the three-ply honor be- stowed on John Quincy Adams. Notation has further been made of the arrival of Dr. Thomas Baker, the pioneer physician of the county, who built his cabin aljout two miles south of the Wood- Keycs-Droulard settlement. 444 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Corn and Coon Grist One item connected with the activities of Doctor Baker has been reserved for this very place. His practice was not large enough to support him, even in comfort; so he put up a mechanism comprising a fair-sized pestle and mortar which was operated by the water of a small creek then running through a portion of Quiney's site and which was designed to pound corn into a siiitable condition to be transformed into hoe-cakes. The reports which descend from his day are to the effect that this first "mill" constructed within the present city limits of Quincy performed its offices as well as could be ex- pected, except upon one occasion when the owner and operator did not reckon on an abnormal grist. A hungry coon got mixed with the inner workings of the grist mill, after the machinery had been set in motion and the operator had left it to finish the pounding of that particular lot of corn. Br'er Coon was pounded with a hearty good will all night and well into the morning before its remains were sep- arated and extricated from the customary grist. That was the only tragedy connected with the doctor's pioneer mill, which was planted in 1824. Quinoy's Site Hard Buying In the following year, as stated, Quincy was platted by Judge H. H. Snow ; but not without some troublous preliminaries. Although the county seat had been located and named, it could not be platted until the land was actually owned by the young County of Adams. The land was not yet in the market, and it could be pre-empted only under the congressional act by which after a quarter section had been designated as a county seat $200 should be deposited at the Land Office to confirm such pre-emption. Two hundred dollars to be raised in Quincy in those days would be like attempting to move Mdunt Pisgah from its base. But someone happened to think of Eussell Farnham, a river trader of growing prosperity who soon afterward took out a peddler's license in Adams Countj^ After a delegation had waited upon the capitalist, however, he was induced to loan the county the coveted $200, after he had taken the joint note of the commissioners which was, in turn, endorsed by H. H. Snow and David E. Cuyler. In the following month, this note was taken up and another substituted without endorsers; which leads the his- torian to believe that Mr. Farnham was commencing to have more confidence in the stability of the County of Adams. Even then, the difficulty was not completely adjusted. The "quar- ter" upon M'hich the county seat was located was fractional and had not been carefully surveyed. Money was pitifully scarce, the county could not see its way clear to meet certain expenses, and therefore a portion of the $200 was at first withheld. But the Land Office insisted on all, promising to refund any balance that might be due QriNCV .\.\l> ADAMS COrXTY 445 the county after the suivey slioiihl 1)C made; tliat was finally done, as it was deteiiiiincd that the '•quarter" which the county pre-empted contaiucd iu reality but 154 acres. Original Towt^' Platted The county having a preliminary title to its seat of justice ap- pointed Judge Snow its surveyor and platter, and named December 13, 1825, as the day for the first sale of lots. Five streets were platted, cast and west — the central one called Maine, with Hampshire and Vermont, York and Jersey, on cither side ; the four streets were named after the states from which came the three commissioners and the clerk. The first north and south street east of the river was Front, with the six parallel thorougiifares therefrom designated numerically. The survey was made in rods, not feet. Block No. 12, Washington Park, was reserved as a public square. A strip of land was also set apart along the river for the purpo.ses of a public landing, and the tier of lots on Fifth Street between Maine and Hampshire for "public purposes." In 1826 the south half of what is now Jefferson Square was re- served as a burial ground, and the lot on Fifth Street immediately north of the courthouse for school purposes. How THE Lots Sold The original sale of town lots occurred as ordered by the Board of County Commissioners on December 13, 1825. It was continued from time to time, as the county commissioners might order, and the last of the lots in the fii-st plat was not sold until 1836. The sale was advertised in the St. Louis and Edwardsville papers, but no one came to bid from the outside world except Doctor ^lullen, an army surgeon, who just happened to be present and bouglit a few lots. There were fifty-one pureha.sers altogether at the first day's sale. The terms were one-fourth cash and the remainder in three annual payments. Lots on the bluffs caused the most competition ; and there was a good reason for it. The only cabin on the quarter section, that of Willard Keyes, was located in that portion of the plat, and one of the prospective townsmen, who was none too friendly, made the owner bid as high as $38 to save his improvements. That was tlic highest price paid for any one lot and the Keyes sale forced up the price of other lots in the vicinity, in Blocks 5 and 6, on Front Street. The Hotel Corner, Highest Priced Lot The highest price paid for any lot around the Square was the corner on which now stands the Xcwcomb House and wiiich was then located on the ridge that ran northeast and southwest aerass what 446 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY is now ■Washington Park. Rufus Brown paid $27 for it and bought it for a tavern stand; it has been used for that purpose ever since. The old Quincy House was afterward erected on the site of Brown's pioneer inn. First Courthouse Located The first courthouse was located by order of the County Board, four days after this first sale, on lot 6, block 11. This placed it in the edge of a natural grove which then was on Fifth Street near the corner of Maine. It faced west. The county commissioners directed the contractors to lay the logs of the eourthoiise "as close together as they are in J. Rose's house;" which was the cabin occu- pied by John "Wood and Jeremiah Rose and, as it was the only building in Quincy at the time, it had to serve as a model. Temple of Justice, Education and Religion In 1827, soon after the courthouse was fini.shed, Rev. Jabez Porter, the Presbyterian clergyman fi'om Massachusetts, opened his select school therein for the dozen families with children at Quincy and in the vicinity. In the following year he commenced to preach in the same building, which therefore had the honor of providing a home for the courts and county government, and for the first efforts to educate the commmiity mentally, morally and spiritually. There were other evidences that the people were alive to the wisdom of fostering the cause of education. In September, 1828, the county commissioners ordered that lot 4, block 11, be reserved "for the sole and only pur- pose of erecting thereon a school house or school houses, or an academy or seminary of learning" for the people of Adams County. "Sole and only purpose" was certainly an expression doubly buttressed with definiteness; notwithstanding, the order of the court was not per- manently obeyed, as the succeeding fifty years saw the tract grad- ually carved into pieces and distributed among private owners. Charles Holmes Comes to Quincy Asher Anderson had (in 1828) opened a little shack of a store on the northeast corner of Maine and Third, but the first mercantile establishment in which the countj' seat took any pride was that opened by Charles Holmes and Robert Tillson at this initial period of com- munity development. They were brisk young men from Massa- chusetts, who had been in business at St. Louis for a couple of years. Their trade, which was largely with Galena and the lead miners, had brought them in touch with the Quincy landing and neighbor- hood, and they decided that the prospects there were so good that they would venture to establish a business at that point. As river transportation, either by steamboat or keel-boat, was extremely un- QULNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 447 certain in those days, the sending of a stock of goods from St. Louis to (^uincy was a hea\y and vexatious task. Both freight and passengers were scarce, and no style of craft cared to make a trip only partially laden. The steamboats appeared to be the worst oflfenders, and in after days, when these troubles were long since past, the old settlers would tell with gusto how steamboats, partially laden, would lie at the St. Louis wharf for days in succession, with steam up and wheels moving, and in apparent instant readiness to start. The captain would vigorously ring the bells about everj' fifteen minutes, declaring, at the same time, that he would leave right away. No wonder the expression which was most current all along the river, from St. Louis to Galena, was "he can lie like a steamboat captain." All ready to move upon Quincy with his stock of merchandise, Charles Holmes, Tillson's advance partner, was thrown into such a A Pio.vEER Qli.ncy Home One of the oldest frame buildings in Adams County, built in 1833 by Francis C. Moore on Moore's Mound. Present site of City Water Reservoir. state of mind and body by these aggravating steamboat promises that he pooled issues with two other young men, who were trying to get their stocks of goods to Hannibal and Palmyra. They all chartered a keel boat and the Holmes-Tillson stock, comprising about .$4,000 worth of varied merchandise, was loaded aboard with the other goods. The fourth day out the boat reached Alton. There ilr. Holmes took steamer for Quincy and of course reached his destination in advance of the keel boat bearing his goods. Every newcomer was a curiosity and Mr. Plolmes was met at the landing place by Elam S. Freeman, the gigantic blacksmith and moral censor of the town, who rumbled at him : "Young man. have you brought any vices with you?" "No," said Mr. Holmes, "but from the looks of things here, I expect to get some soon." 448 QUIXCY AND AT/AMS COUNTY Many years afterward Mr. Holmes indulges in these reminiscences : "The town was indeed a forlorn looking place. The bluft's were nearly barren of timber and seamed with rugged gullies; along the river 's brink was strung a scanty fringe of feeble trees. A few cabins lay along Front Street looking as if they might have tumbled down the hill and were too feeble to return. These were mostly noi-th of Hampshire Street, and extended in a broken string as far up as the little cove in the bluff where Spring Street comes through. Among these was the cabin of AVillard Keyes, about the corner of Vermont Street, and .just south of this, with some houses between, was a little larger double cabin than the others, which was George W. Hight's Steamboat Hotel. Three or four of the buildings were groceries of the style spoken of heretofore (grog shops) and patronized mostly by boatmen and Indians. Thence southward on Front Street was the cabin of John "Wood at the foot of Delaware Street. Between these two points was the cabin of Levi Wells, half way up the hill near State Street, and further north three or four more such struc- tures hung against the hillside. The steamboat landing was at the foot of Vermont Street. There, the rock from under the bluff cropped out at the river's edge, so as to be visible at an ordinary stage of water. Three or four ragged looking trees grew near the bank, con- venient for the boats to tie to. These appearances continued for many years, even until the small landing was made at the foot of Hamp- shire in 1839. There were two routes by which wagons could .ascend the hill ; one, south of the village along the ]Milnor Creek and where now is Delaware Street ; the other by a very deep and circuitous track which, wandering upward from near the corner of Front and Vermont streets, finally reached the level of the public square at Hampshire Street between Third and Fourth. On the hill lay the main settle- ments. Around the square, on the north, west and south, were scat- tered cabins, about half a dozen on each side. Near the corner of Maine was the Court House. South and southwest of the public square and east along Hampshire Street, or 'Pucker' Street as it was nicknamed, for two or three hundred yards were similar structures, with here and there a cabin located farther east. The square was cut diagonally from northeast to southwest by a wagon road. It boasted a luxuriant growth of hazel brush, intersected by footpaths, and also supported three or four small trees and one large white oak. "And this was Quincy. There were then (1828) the store and three hotels — one under the hill, one at the southwest and the other at the northeast corners of the square. They made no pretense to aristocratic elegance or sumptuous gastronomy, yet the 'big bugs' frequented them in profusion and force. All of these buildings were of logs, mostly round or unhewn. Brick, plaster, laths and weather boarding were factors yet to come, as they did in the following year. ' ' QUIN'CY AND ADAMS CorXTV 449 Robert Tillson Expands the Blsiness Mr. Holmes first displayed his goods in a shanty on Hampshire Street uear Fifth, adjaeeut to wliat afterward was known as the Land Oflfice Hotel, but before Mr. Tillsou arrived in the spring of 1829 he had bought two lots, witli 19(3 feet frontage, on Maine and Fourth diagonally aero.ss from the Cjuiney House. There the partners erected a large frame building, the first in town. In 1831 Mr. Tillson j>urehased Mr. Ilolines' interest in the busine.ss and that corner be- came the nucleus of the former's development as a merchant and a public-spirited citizen. Upon the site of the frame .store Mr. Tillson erected a handsome block of stores, and from his twelve j-ears of service as postmaster at that locality it was long known as tlie Post- office Block. There were no vital changes in the general condition of Quincy for a number of years after Mr. Tillson established himself in busine.ss there as its leading merchant and, with the exception of John Wood, perhaps its most prominent citizen for some years. In 1830 the temperance people got together and organized a so- ciety. Pa-ssing over to 1835, the writer comes to the important local facts of the burning of the old courthouse (good riddance of bad rubbish, perchance) and the birth of the first newspaper, the Bounty Land Register; is.sued by C. M. Woods and edited and chiefly owned by the ambitious Judge R. M. Young. It w'as afterward the Argus and the Herald, and was one of tiie first newspapers to be established in Illinois. Some claim second place for it, allowing precedence only to the Journal and Register of Springfield. John Tillson, the Elder John Tillson. the elder, of Iliilslioro. Montgomery County, a friend and a.s.sociatc of John Wood, had long handled some 1,400,000 acres of the Illinois Military- Bounty tract which had l)een purchased by non-residents. In 1833 he had been joined by Francis C. Moore, a soldier of the War of 1812. a Quincy grocer and for a time prior to his connection with Mr. Tillson manager of his father-in-law's real estate in New York City. In October, 1833, was formed the Ilills- boro partnership of Till.son. Moore & Company, and in the spring of the following year the busine.ss was moved to what would now lie the corner of Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets — then, "clear out in the country." L.\ND Office .\t Quinct The Government Land Office for the putilic land district which comprised the Military Tract had been located at Quincy in 1831. The office was on the south side of Hampshire Street near Sixth, where it remained for a number of years. But little business was then transa<'te(l for some time, there being only seventeen entries Vol. I— 2» 450 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY during the first year (1831), the reason for this being that at that time no lauds north of Adams County were subject to entry. Al- though the Military Tract had been surveyed in 1815-16, it was not until 1835 that the district as a whole was thrown open to the public. The first auction sale of lands thus freely thrown upon the market took place Jime 15, 1835. From that date until 1857-58, when, most of the lands being entered, the office was transferred to Springfield, this business added largely to the growth of the place. The first register and receiver were Samuel Alexander (father of Perry Alex- ander) and Thomas Carlin, respectively. They were succeeded in 1837-38 by William G. Flood and Samuel Leech, after whom came, in 1845, Samuel Holmes and Hiram Rogei's; in 1849, Henry Asbury and H. V. Sullivan, and in 1853 A. C. Marsh and Damon Hauser — at the expiration of whose term the office was moved to the state capital. Quincy, for several years after the location of the land office therein, was the headquarters for a large business. All who desired to purchase land, either by private sale or Government entry, were obliged to come hither. They came from all points of the compass and all sections of the country. Some came and passed on, without leaving anything as a memento except temporary meals and lodging; others invested and left for outside homes, and still a third class bought land and remained to cultivate and otherwise improve it. Some Other Fool than Alexander General Tillson tells this story (really one of Governor Wood's) about Alexander : ' ' Samuel Alexander, the first register, was a man of much force of character, very rough in manner, extremely earnest and idtra in politics and wielding much influence with his party. Governor Wood, whose oft-told old stories have in them always a local relish, was wont to tell of his first and second meeting with Alexander. In 1824, political feeling, fanned by the anti-slavery agitation, was at a fever heat. The question of 'convention' or 'no convention' was voted upon. 'Convention' meant a new pro-slavery constitii- tion. 'No convention' meant a free state. To Governor Edward Coles are we indebted for the blessing that Illinois was not then made a slave-holding state. Immediately after the election ]\Ir. Wood went east and on his way took to Edwardsville, the then state capital, the returns from this section. When the boat on which he traveled stopped at Shawneetown, a crowd came aboard and asked how the State had voted. The captain said : ' Here 's a young man just from Edwardsville; perhaps he can tell you.' Wood, thus referred to, said that 'it was thought at Edwardsville that Convention was beaten by about 1,500.' 'It's a d — d lie!' said one of the parties, answering more from his wish than from his knowledge. Wood picked up a chair, and but for the interposition of the captain, a small civil war was imminent. (.^Ll.XCY AM) ADA.MS ColNTV 451 " 'Nine years after,' as Jolin AVood tells us, a man, all alone, in a eanoe, paildleil up to opposite my eal)in at the foot of Delaware Street, landed and staid with me over night. He told me that his name was Alexander; that he had come to open the land office of which he had been appointed register. While at supper he said "I think I have seen you before." Mr. Wood then told liini he was the man who at Shawneetown gave him the lie for reporting the result of the election of 1824. "r)ii no," said Alexander, "it must have been some other d — d fool;"' and altliough Wood on every convenient occa- sion hinted at this story f)f their first inccting, .Mcxander's memory wouUl only hring forth a recurrence of the old-time statement that 'it was some other d — d fool.' " Stimulating the M.mls It should he noted that some progress had heeii made in mail and transportation facilities, esjiei-ially when it became evident that the "land office business" was to be a real stimulant. Home seekers and those lof)king for investments demanded easier and more frequent connnuiiication and transportation than had been formerly "en- .ioyed." Writing of this transition jicriod, General Tillson says: "What wc now call mail facilities were anything but facile during this period. Twice a week the eastern mail was expected to be de- livered in Quiney, and usually it came; sometimes it didn't. There were two stage lines — one tlirough Parrollton and Rushville arriving on Thursday, and one through SjjringiicUl and Jacksonville, coming in on Friday of each week. There was also a weekly mail north- ward to Peoria and westward to Palmyra, and farther on each route. The eastern mails and passengers were, when the ro.uls permitted, Ijrought in by the old-fa.shioned Troy coach stage, but ihiring no small portion of the time the means of conveyance was the 'miid wagon,' or. with eipial appropriateness, called the 'bone breaker.' which was a huge square box fastened with no springs upon two wheel.s, into which said box mail and passengers were promiscuously piled; and the conjoint and constant prayer of the contused jiassengers was TJood Lord, deliver usl' The earlie.st, most copious and most sought for news was that gleaned from the St. Louis papers, which were brought up on the boats and i)rivately circulated." The Boi.n Qrixcv Hutei, The "boom" at Quiney, mainly incident to the eommeneement of the land sales on a large scale, made John Tillson. the elder, a very prominent man in the comnnniity, as he was the general agent of the company which had a monopoly on the lands being pureha.sed by eastern investors and also home seekers. \ visible and imposin;; evi- dence of his standing in the community, which was generally pro- nounced a reckless financial venture, was hi.s erection of the Quiney 452 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY House on the old hotel site diagonally across Main Street from his store. The venture was launched in 1835. When entirely com- pleted in 1838 the hotel had cost him $106,000 and was voted by the influx of travelers to Quincy as the finest hostelrj- west of Pitts- burg. The venture was probably too much for his individual means, for the property was soon transferred to a corporation called the Quincy House Company, which collapsed under the stress of the "hard times'" of the late '30s. But the reputation and memories of the Quincy House fixed the town on the western map ; it was a good advertisement for both Tillson's land business and the place itself. Eventful Year (1836) The State Bank of Illinois had been chartered in February of 1835 and was well under way when the Quincy House venture was launched, and at the legislative session of 1835-36 the Wabash & Mississippi Kailroad, the forerunner of the Wabash, came into being. The year 1836 also witnessed another event of moment in the sale of the lots in the original Town of Quincy which had not passed from the county to private ownership. The date of the sale was April 11th. Land on Fifth Street facing Washington Square brought as high as .$58 per front foot. York Street, between Second and Sixth, on which were situated the choicest residence lots, sold on an average for $2 a foot. Quincy, a Tow-n of "Fair Play" In 1836-37 Quincy was the center of much excitement caused by bitter local dissensions over the slavery issue. The .strong aboli- tionists were Willard Keyes, Rufus Brown, Deacon Kimball, and Doctor Eels, while John Wood. N. Pease, Loyd Morton, J. T. Holmes, H. H. Snow and Doctor Ralston took a firm stand on "fair play," the right of free discussion and other American privileges. But Mis- souri was just across the river; now and then slaves escaped to Quincy. where such as Doctor Eels harbored them and pushed them along to the next underground station. Abolition speakers, like Dr. David Nelson, driven out of more prejudiced communities fled to Quincy, as a town where they could be assured of getting just treatment: but, despite all disturbances during this period occurred which past history has called "riots." Becomes a Town Corporation Previous to the year 1837 the Government of the Town of Quincy had been a part of the township system and was virtually under the state laws, but the Legislature passed an act providing for a special charter which was approved February 21, 1837. Under its provi- sions an election for town trustees was held April 17th, when E. I^LIXCV AND ADAMS ( OlNTY 453 Coiiyers, Saiimel Holmes, Roliert Tillsoii, Saiiuiol Leech and I. 0. Woodruff were elioscn ; John B. Young was added to the Board a few days later. Mr. Holmes was chosen president and Mr. Woodruff secretary. Signs of Growth Quincy now showed signs of its growing importance both by out- side indications and some from within. The portion of the "inter- national railroad system" from Quincy cast to Springfield and the Indiana line had been put under contract and some grading had even been done. It was to enter the town near what is now the corner of Twenty-fourth and Broadway, not far from Tillson & Jloore's land office. Thence the line ran on Broadway directly west to the river bank. We know now how many years were to pass before Quincy was to gather any advantages from that enterprise, or its direct suc- cessors. Birth op the Fire Department Real public improvements were going on within the new town limits. The town })oard at its first meeting in January, 1838, ap- [Kiinted John Wood and Joel Rice a committee "to report the most beneficial and suitable places for improvements, as well as some plan to protect the cnnnnunity against the ravages of fire." This com- mittee recoiinueiided the purcha.se of four ladders of 15, 20, 25 and 30 feet in length; six fire hooks and twelve buckets "as the commence- ment of a system which may be extended and improved with the growth and experience of the place in connection with the increase of its resources, so as the more fully and perfectly to protect our citizens and their property against the ravages of fire." These pur- cha.ses were made and became the initial of the Quincy Fire Depart- ment, but the dozen fire buckets were not cast aside for hand engines until the following year. Street Imi'rovements This committee also, in the matter of improvements, recommended that ".$200 be appropriated for the improvement of Delaware Street whenever ^'MO is furnished by private donation," and that $1,000 be appropriated toward the grading of a street from the public .square to the river, this first to be offered to those who preferred the grading of Maine Street, conditioned that they would give bonds to insure the subscription and payment of whatever said grading would cost exceeding the $1,000 appropriation. Should, however, the Maine Street people not accede to the proposition, it was to be offered to those who desired to have Hampshire Street opened. The .Maine Street people declining and the Hampshire people accepting and 'QriNX'Y No. 1, Rough and Ready" The first fire engrine brought to the State of Illinois. It was pur- chased hy the City of Quincy in 1839, and was manned by volunteers from the ranks of the city's business men. Now the property of the Firemen's Benevolent Association. QULXCV AM) ADAMS COlNTV 455 complying with the eouditions, the grading of that street from Fourili to Front was ordered and hegun in March. This was the first important public improvement that the town had undertaken. It was tlie first straight-line eoiinnunieation between the village on the liill and the business on the river bank; the only route before tiiis time having been by a devious road which cork- screwed around among the liiils and ravines from near the foot of Vermont Street up to about where the Market IIou.se formerly stood on Hampshire. The grade level at Hampshire and Fourth had al- ready been estal)lislied. That on Front, which depended so much on where Mr. Holmes doorsill might be, was now definitely fixed by Mr. Parker and some civil engineers employed on the Northern Cross Railroad, the work on whi'-h had been begun here a few months before. The City Ch.\rter of 1840 The j'ear 1840 was epochal for Quincy. Almost from the time it adopted special town government its ambitious citizens had com- menced to plan for cityhood, and the rapid growth of the place dur- ing that period whetted their desire to become a municipality. The town board finally ordered an election to be held on the third Wed- nesday in IMarch for a vote on the adoption of a city charter which had passetl the Legislature on February 3d preceding. The vote stood 228 for the adoption of the old city charter and 12 against it. ilany of the old settlers thought the city charter of 1840 con- siderably better than that of 18'u. As named by the former the boundaries of the original City of Quincy were as follows: Begin- ning in the main eliannol of the ilississippi River west of the south line of .Jefferson Street, thence up the river with said channel to a point due west of the northern extremity of Pease's addition to said town, thence due east to the eastern side of "Wood Street (now Twelfth 1, thence due south along Wood Street to a point due east from the place of beginning, thence due west down the south side of Jefferson Street to the place of beginning. The first charter divided the city into three wards. One of its provisions, which seemed to especially commend itself to the substantial element of the city, was that which provided that tlie mayor must be a freeholder. But many of the citizens thought it savored of cla.ss distinction based on prop- erty, and therefore it was repealed by a legislative act of January, 1841. That measure which made several amendments to the original charter, also reincorporated the old constitutional provision allowing the franchise to those who had resided in the United States six months preceding any election to vote, irrespective of whether he was a citizen or not. ASBURY FOR PrE.<;IDEXT ; V.\N BuREN FOR MaGLSTR.VTE How the latter privilege worked in some cases is well illustrated by the late Henry Asbury, who, at the time of his tale, was a candi- 456 QUINCY AND ADAilS COUNTY date for justice of the peace. "I was always a Whig and a Repub- lican," he wrote, '"but turned Democrat just before the election. The contest was close. I had some good friends among the Democrats, and they went for me, though they voted for Van Buren for presi- dent. Some of these German friends had been here not over six months and were not citizens of the United States. "We voted then viva voce, or 'sing out your choice.' Some of the writer's friends understood no English, but having been impressed by my friends to vote for Asbury — they had retained my name only — and after giving their names to the clerks of election when they came up to vote, were asked by the judges, 'Whom do you vote for?' To which they promptly replied, 'For Asbury.' 'Whom do you vote for, for president?' To which they promptly replied, 'For Asbury.' 'Then whom do you vote for, for magistrate?' That was a stumper, but after awhile they said 'For Van Buren.' This thing had gone on for a time and the writer, finding it out, appealed to the judges to cor- rect the vote according to the intention of the voters, which was to vote for Asbury for justice of the peace. The j'idges agreed to explain to the next voters so as to avoid further mistakes; but the first votes recorded for Asbury for president and Van Buren for justice of the peace were lost to both. ' " First City Election and Officials On the 18th of March the trustees ordered an election of city officers to be held on the 20th of April, all of the polling places being on Fourth Street — at the courthouse and the Baptist and Congrega- tional churches. The election then — in fact, until 1848 — was viva voce, and the first campaign for municipal ofificers was surely a merry affair. The whigs elected their candidate for mayor, Ebenezer Moore, over the democratic aspirant. Gen. Samuel Leech. Mayor Moore was a IMaine man. a good lawyer and at one time associated with Henry Asbury. He had served for some years as a justice of the peace and engaged in business — finally, in several un- fortunate banking enterprises. He passed the last years of his life at Washington City in Government employ and died of cholera in the national capital about 1867. General Leech had come to Quiney as register of the Public Land Office and was identified with that department of the Government at the time he was a candidate for mayor. He was also one of the town trustees. About a decade later he moved to Minnesota, where he held a similar appointment. At the time the democrats nominated him for mayor he was also a town trustee. Two aldermen were nominated for each of the three wards and the whigs also elected their entire ticket for these offices, except Asbury in the First Ward, who was defeated by three votes. The following appointments were made by the City Council: QllNCV AND ADA^IS COUNTY 457 S. P. Chuitli. ilerk; Andrew Johnstou, treasurer; Jacob (.iruell, mar- shal and collector : I. 0. WoodrnfT, assessor; John R. Randolph, attorney; George Wood, sexton; J. 1). Morgan, fire warden; Enoch Conyers. overseer of the poor, and William King, Harrison Dills and John Odell, street supervisors. Then came a season of readjustments bringing much confusion, which is always anticipated in such transitions from one local form of government to another. The council meetings were first held at the courthouse, there continuing until the first of November, 1840, and thereafter at the mayor's office. The town ordinances were kept in force until the ;30th of May after the election, when Quincy went under city government. Governor Carlin, who was a strong demo- crat, refused to commission the whig mayor as a justice of the peace, although authorized by the charter to hold the latter office by virtue of his position as head of the city government. The quarrel waxed furious between the local whigs and democrats, but Mayor Moore finally won. The first year of the city's life saw the death of petitions against the is.suing of licenses to '"groceries" and ■"(Irani shojis," which in those days were equivalent establishments. The improvement of the streets, however, progressed. Maine Street was gi-aded from the public square to the river and the public landing, which was then a narrow strip of new-made ground at the foot of Ilaiiipshire, was ex- tended and improved. The public square was also fenced. First City Public Schools Most important of all the measures adopted were those which established a fragment of the foundation of the present local system of public education. Dr. Joseph N. Ralston, perhaps more than any other Quincy citizen, made that matter a personal and an earnest duty. As one of the most influential of the aldermen he persistently brought the subject before the City Council and finally in October, 1840, at his recommendation, that body ordered that the "surplus revenue of the city, after paying ordinary and contingent exitciises, " should be devoted to the establishment imd support of the iiublic schools; and that a consultation should be had with the township school trustees in regard to buying ground and the building of two school- houses. In the following month the Council ordered a schoolhouse to be erei-ted on the old cemetery lot where the courthouse now stands, and the purchase of a lot on block 'M). which is the present site of the Franklin schoolhouse. The sproutings of that seed into a vigorous system will be traced in succeeding pages. A City Se.vl Conceived in Sin The City of Quincy of course had to adopt some kind of a seal with which to place its stamp upon official documents, and the ex- 458 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY planation for the first desigu placed upon the first municipal instru- ment of that nature is thus given : At his own expense, but with the concurrence of the Council, John Wood had transplanted from his own grounds to the center of the square a handsome elm tree fully a foot in diameter. On the night of May 6, 1841, some young vandals of that day and year girdled the tree and it died. In the next issue of the Argus, the democratic paper of the place, appeared a rough cut which was supposed to represent Mr. Wood resting upon his cane and mournfully gazing at the dead ti'ee. The City Council offered a reward of $100 for the detection of the rogues. They were soon dis- covered, but found not worth the trouble of punishing. At the meeting of that body on June 26th, it was ordered that "the elm tree and flagstaff upon the public square as represented in the Argus some time since, be adopted as the device of a seal for the city." This representation of a man standing beside a dead tree was used as the Quincy City seal for .some years, until a later Council, said to have been composed of those very (grown-up) bad boys who had killed the elm tree some years before, changed it to something less sug- gestive of local vandalism. A Free Libr.vry Revived The year 1841 marked the appointment of the first regular city phy.sician, although since incorporation Doctor Ralston had acted as such ; Dr. Richard Eels was offieially named to perform its duties. The city also opened a poor house. Another enterprise appeared, or rather a more lusty revival of an older venture. Several years before a small collection of books had been gathered and shelved for public use; but the public seemed rather cold toward tliat indoor recreation and the books were distributed among their original donors. But in the spring of 1841 the library enterprise arose in a way which refused to be smothered, and in October of that year a Library Association was incorporated. The library was really opened in the preceding April, but was not considered fully established imtil the association was incorporated with a substantial management. Capt. E. J. Phillips was president of the association ; Dr. J. N. Ralston, secretary. By the close of the year the collection amounted to nearly 800 volumes, and lectures and other forms of entertainments were under way for the purpose of raising funds to push the library ahead. City Gr.\des Established In April, 1842, the City Council established a system of street grades throughout the city, embracing the territory from Broadway to State Street and from Front to Twelfth (then called Wood) streets. This was the first comprehensive plan adopted in regard to city grades, and, though slightly changed since, has been substan- QUINCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 459 tially foUowi'd. A earefully compiled census of that year records the populatiou of Quiucy at 2.686. M.MLS Improved Mail facilities had somewhat improved. The two eastern semi- weekly stages now eame in as tri-weeklies on alternate days, making it practically a daily mail, although not always affording the earliest news. In addition to these there were two mails carried north, one south and one west into Missouri. Gre.vt Flood op 1844 The year of the Great Flood was 1844. Quincy was in jnst the proper geographical position to get the "benefit" of the combined rise of the Upper Mississippi, the Illinois and the Missouri, all of which were at a phenomenal hitih-water mark in Jlay and June of that year and poured their waters down the valley of the father stream. Tiie flood arose rajiidly and spread high from bluff to bluff, doing much material damage at Quincy, and the subsidence of the waters in the spring was followed by unusual sickness. Business P.\rtially Kevtved As an offset to these misfortunes was the partial revival of busi- ness and the glimmer of the silver lining in the financial clouds which had lowered over the country — and Quincy with it — for a number of years. About 20.000 hogs had been packed in the winter of 1843-44, which was remarkably open ; the half a dozen mills turned out 35.000 barrels of flour during the year, and other manufacturing interests had revived. So the equilibrium of local affairs was fairly maintained. Co\rp.\R ATivE City .\nd Country Popul-vtion Up to 1S45 the population of Quincy. as indicated by the census records, showed quite a regular or steady growth; of later years, this cannot be said. A comparison of the relative growth of the city and the country, or rural districts, for the twenty years preceding, is of interest. The census of 1845 indicated that Quincy had then a population of 4,007. Adams County, including Quincy, had a popu- lation of 13.511. to which, adding 5.888 in JIarquette, gave a total of 19.39!t, showing that the city had about one-fifth of the whole. In- 1825 the county, with perhaps 300 in Hancock, had 2,186; Quincy, by the end of the year, perhaps 50. In 1830, the population of the county was 2,186, of which .some 200. about one-tenth, were in the village. Five years later, by the state census, the county had 7.042 and the town 753, still about one-tentli. In 1840 the county contained 460 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 14,-176 and the city 1,850, or one-eighth of the total. As before stated, in 1845 Quincy had about one-fifth of the county's total population, and. to anticipate by a quarter of a century, the city increased its comparative percentage very regularly ; it was over one-fourth of the total population of the county in 1850, nearly one-third in 1860, three- sevenths in 1870 and nearly one-half in 1880. After the last named year the proportion was not steadily in favor of the city. FEETUiE Year op 1848 Several years now passed before events occurred which could be called vital in their character, or classed as pioneers in the local advancement. But 1848 was fertile and brought forth quite a crop of that nature. On the 18th of March, at the foot of Delaware Street, was launched the first steamboat built in Quincy. The hull was suc- cessfully set afloat and towed down to St. Louis, where it was com- pleted and received its machinery. Telegram Sent "Quick as Lightning" Then in the summer of 1848 telegraphic communication was estab- lished. Quincy had been called upon for a .'f;10,000 subscription to aid the construction of the line. At a public meeting held February 26th $7,200 had been raised and the balance soon afterward. On the 8th of July the wires were brought into Quincy, and on the 12th the line was completed from Beardstown to Springfield, thus making a continuous connection between the capital of Illinois and the me- tropolis of Missouri. It is said that the first formal and paid mes- sage transmitted was from Sylvester Emmons at Beardstown to the Quincy Whig, to which a reply was sent, as that newspaper en- thusiastically put it, "quick as lightning." First Real City Directory The first directory of the city was issued about the time that Quincy got into telegraphic communication with everybody outside; two steps toward metropolitan character. Two attempts at directory- making had been previously made, but the outcomes were mere trifles compared with the directory of 1848 prepared and issued by Dr. J. S. "Ware. Doctor Ware was a stranger, comparatively, but an in- dustrious, original man, and the publication of his directory was considered quite a large event. He also projected the Mutual Po- litical Journal, one-half of which was to be edited by a whig and the other half by a democrat ; but the local leaders could not be made to fight at such close quarters, and the Journal was almost still-born. But the directory was a success. The writer had the pleasure of examining one of the few copies still left of Quincy 's first real directory. He found Doctor Ware's QUINCY AXi) ADAJIS COUNTY 4G1 introilui-tion tlie most interesting part of the little town, as it ilraws a elear-eiit picture of the city of 1848, and from it the following ex- tract is taken: "The geographical jiosition of Quincy is in 40 deg. north latitude and 14 deg. west longitude from Washington City on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the county of Adams — 160 miles by water above St. Louis, 110 from Springfield, the seat of government of the State of Illinois — 360 from the mouth of the Ohio by water, and about 280 from Chicago at the head of Lake iMichigan. Gkowth of the Town \'v to 1843 "This is a point highly favored by nature, being in that mild latitude which furnishes the richest growth of all kinds of grain and luxuriant grasses, as also an abundance of all the fruits produced in the temperate zone. It is situated, too, ou navigable water 800 miles below the head of steamboat navigation and communication with all the navigable streams of the Ohio and ^Mississippi valleys; in the heart of a region of country abounding in the most valuable timber of North America, in bituminous coal and limestone. It is manifest that this, as other towns on the Upper Mississippi similarly favored, is destined to become a place of importance in the extensive trade and commerce of our country. The ground on which Quiney is locatetl is a sutistratuiu of linicstone, covered in some spots with mounds of .sandy soil, and in others with rich alluvium, at a general elevation of 150 feet above tlie average level of the river and the neighboring bottom lands; this being the only point at which the bluffs strike the river shore, without intervening bottom lands, for a distance of eighty or ninety miles up and down the river. "The elevation of the town site above the river favors its citizens with a commanding view of the river for several miles, both above and below, embracing the opposite shore of the Mississippi; the width of the river at this point being about one mile; and running along under the northwest side of the city is a beautiful bay. which was formerly called Boston Ray by the early traders, from the circum- stance of a Bostonian who once navigated his craft up to the head of the bay, supposing it to be the main channel of the river, but after much labor and many fruitless splashings of his oars he was obliged to back out again." Doctor Ware then takes u)) the historical threads of his subject and speaks of John Wood, Willard Keyes, John Droulard and other pioneers of Quiney; notes the old Sac Village which jireceded the white man's town, the location of the county seat in 182;'), and other events which naturally lead to commerce and trade. The chief interest to the present-day readers is to select the features of his historical and descriptive paper which will give us a general picture of the 1848 Quiney. "In 1825," he remarks, "Quiney imported bacon and flour for her inhabitants, then numbering sixteen individuals; 462 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY and from that time until the year 1835, when her population was 700, she continued this practice. From the last mentioned period until the present time, she has been exporting these articles, with a gi-eat increase annually, so that when their amounts come to be fairly stated, they will produce astonishment among the business men of towns of the same size in older states. "As late as the year 1832, when the Black Hawk "War broke out, the Indians, principallj- of the Sac and Fox tribes, were very nu- merous in Quincy; the shores of the river were frequently covered with their wigwams a long distance, both above and below the town. They traded with the whites, both in town and in the surrounding country. As they came in from their hunting excursions, they im- ported feathers, dressed deer skips, moccasins, beeswax, honey, maple Old Mississippi River StEu\mer sugar, grass floor mats, venison, hams, muskrats and coon skins. At this period (20 years since) a tea was in general use in Quincy made of the bark and roots of sassafras. The coffee then used was the nut of the coffee tree, a tree which grows in the neighboring forests. Maple sugar was worth twenty-five cents per pound. Honey, which was alnindant and sold by the barrel, would bring thirty- seven and a half cents per gallon ; beeswax was worth from twenty- five to thirty cents per pound, and so ready was the sale of this article and coon skins that it was said 'coon skins were currency and bees- wax. Land Office money.' The usual price of a bee-tree, as it stood in the forest, was one dollar. The person who first saw it would mark his name or initials on it; and it was then regarded as his property. These were often exchanged in trade for horses, or other stock and property. "Such trade as here described was carried on by the people, who raised small crops of corn and jjotatoes, until the year 1832. yUINCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 463 Prior to this, liowever, several inerehants liad settled at Quiucy and eoiniueneed business. '' Doctor Ware then narrates the coming of Ashur Anderson (1826), Robert Tillson. Charles Holmes, Ebenezer Ilarkner, Whitney & Green, and others, and the opening of the old steam flour mill (afterward called the Phoenix) in the summer of 1832. As to the local trade in wheat and flour, he adds: "The rapid growth of the place and the settlement of the surrounding country, has produced a change in the.se branches, which, although not very wonderful in the result is, nevertheless, unparalleled in the growth of eastern towns. In the year 1847, 4r)(),U()0 busiicls of wheat were shipped from this city and 55,160 barrels of flour. There are now eight steam flour mills here, capable of turning out 800 barrels of flour every twenty-four hours. "There are alst) in successful operation three distilleries, capable of manufacturing 60 barrels of whiskey per day and are feeding 3.600 hogs. In the winter 1833-34 there were aliout 400 hogs killed and packed; avei'age weight, about 13.") pounds. In the winter of 1847-48, there were 20,000, averaging about 250 pounds ; which shows an increase ahnost ini])aralleled. when we consider tlie newness of the country and the difliculties of settling in this western valley. ■"The importation of pine lumber in the year 1835 was very small, amounting to aliout 23.000 feet, wliii'h was brought around from the Oiiio river. During tiie year 1848, up to August 2d, there has been about 22,560,000 feet of lumber received, which will not be sufficient to supply the growing demand. In the year 1835 good lumber coin- mandcd from $60 to $70 per thousand feet, and at the present time can be had for from $10 to $20 per thousand ; the lumber now being brought from the pine regions on the upper Jlississippi, wliere have been cstabli.shed many large mills for inanufaeturing lumber. There are also yearly brought large quantities of pine logs to supply the mills in this city, of which there is a number and which, during the past three years, have sawed about 1,500,000 feet, all of which has been used in the city and its immediate vicinity. "In religions and intellectual improvement, this city is making rapid progress. Public and private schools are numerous and sup- plied with able teachers. In 1833 the first regular church was or- ganized, which numbered fifteen members; since which time the num- ber has increased to fourteen churches, numbering in all 2,716 mem- bers; one Episcopal, two Methodist, one Presbyterian, two Baptist, two Catholic, one German Lutheran, one l^nitarian, two Congrega- tional, one German ilethodist and one African church. "Quincy is doubtless a veiy healthful and desirable place for the convenient residence of families, affording excellent facilities for the education of children, all the privileges of Christian worship, and the best means for cheaj) and comfortable living. The city is ornamented with various public edifices, where tall spires strike the eye of the traveler on the river long before he arrives in the place; several 464 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY large and elegant churches; a beautiful courthouse; two large brick hotels, and one of the strongest and best county jails in the country. There are also two large and commodious public school buildings suited for the accommodation of 2,000 scholars. The streets have been exteiisivel.y graded and paved, and great pains have been taken to enclose and adorn two of the public squares in the place. Strangers and travelers who visit Quincy uniformly bear testimony that it is one of the most pleasant towns they have ever seen." Quincy Exodus of Gold Hunters, 1848-50 The gold excitement, which raged through the country like an epidemic in 1848, swept down the Mississippi Valley and into Quincy with special violence. The first local party left the eit.y on February 1st, by way of New Orleans and the Isthmus of Panama (Chagresl, for the California Coast, and consisted of the following: John Wood, Daniel Wood, John Wood, Jr., Demas Guntery, I. H. Miller, D. M. Jordan, Aaron Nash, W. B. Matlock, David Wood, S. W. Kogers, George Rogers, John ileClintock, John Mikesell, Jr., George Burns, J. Dorman, J. J. Kendrick, C. G. Ammon and Charles Brown. The first overland party left Quincy on the first week in April. Tliere were fifty in the party which contained, among others, Drs. William H. Taylor and M. Walker, although its members were not generally so well known as those comprising the first colony. About a dozen wagons were provided for the party, some drawn by two span of mules and others by three or four yoke of oxen. The outfit was complete in every way. From the landing on the river front the party embarked on a ferry boat bound for Lagrange; thence to St. Joseph, from which point the start was made for the long trip across the plains. At about the same time as the Quincy party de- parted, the Mill Creek neighborhood sent out a delegation of some twenty-five gold hunters, and later Columbus, ]\Iillville, Ellington Township, Woodville and other localities in the county contributed considerable quotas to the Gold Coast. After they had been on the wa.v several weeks word was received from the first Quincy party, through Dr. S. W. Rogers, that it was waiting at Chagres, with about 2,000 other impatient adventurers, for transportation to San Francisco. That contingent was generally known as John Wood & Companj''s California Company. Its Quincy friends were cheered at the news that the company had arrived at a locality thirty miles from San Francisco, on the 19th of May, 1849, on their way to the mountains. News from the plains party arrived in September, 1849, in the form of a letter from George Adams to his brother James, dated at Green River Junction, July 28th, seventy miles from South Pass. Joseph Pope, one of that party, died of cholera about eighty miles from Fort Laramie. But Mr. Adams wrote tliat they "saw nothing (^IIXCV AM) ADAMS (OINTV 465 to discourage them until tliey reaehed the JJlaek Hills, where they were uever out of siglit of a dead ox, and could sometimes count a dozen at one glance." On the 20th of Feliruai'v, l!550. Joliu Wood, his two sons, David Woods and Benjamin Mikcrell, returned. They only spent about four months in the mines. It is said that they were somewhat reticent regarding their own success, but gave no discouragement to others. Between the departure of so many of the young men from Quincy and the county in 1848-r)0 to join the general procession of gold hunters, and the death-dealing tactics of the cholera which brought sorrow and gloom to so many of the same region in 1849-50, these were seasons long to he remembered, albeit those who lived through them would most willingly have forgotten tliem. First Daily M.\ii> axo Daily Newspaper But Quincy continued to grow and by the early '50s gave several outward and special manifestations of that fact. In April, 1852, the first daily mail was established which she was privileged to enjoy. It was arranged to carry it by steamer from St. Ix)uis to Galena, and was continued for many years, until superseded by railroad con- veyance. Before that time occasional mail matter had been carried on the boats plying lictween those jtoiiits and iiit'sscngers were ap- pointed to take charge of it, but a iicrniaiient arrangement was not effected until that date. And the month before the daily steamboat mail was established, the Whig branched out as a daily newspaper. Two good up-to-date things to come to Quincy in 1852. Made a Port op Entry So little public land remained to be sold in the following year in the Quincy District that the Land Office was moved to Spring- field, but in December, 1853. Congress made the city a port of entry. The law did not go into effect until February, 1854, and the appoint- ment of the surveyor of the port was made soon after in the person of Thomas C. Benneson. It is said that the prime object in making Quincy a port of entry was to convenience the railroad in its pay- ments on the iron imported from England. Under the operation of this law shipment could be made direct to Quincy, there taken out of store, and the duties paid thereon, from time to time, in such amount.s as the company required. Several other cities, likewise interested in the building of railroads, were also made ports of entry about this time and so continued for a number of years — sometimes after the chief excuse for the establishment had long pa-ssed. Illuminating Ga.s and Other Brioiit Ii miles of street mains, pi-ovide the necessary meters and erect fifty public lamps. Tlic works were completed in l)eceml)er. 1(^54, and considerable extensions of the system made, as origiiuilly planned. Hut the introduction of electricity to the list of the public utilities of Quincy did not create so much satisfaction and pride as when the city ''went over the top" by bringing illu- minating gas to its streets, stores and residences. The night of De- cember 1st in Quincy was illuminated as never before and perhaps never since. The street lamps, houses and stores were all ablaze with the new light : the people without were admiring the bright lights within and the people within were enraptured with the appearance of the brilliantly illumined streets. There were also many sounds of revelry that night at the Quincy IIou.se at which a gay banquet was being given in honor of the event. Under the legislative charter the Gas Light and Coke Company had a twenty-five year contract with the city. The year 1857 brought some innovations and some improvements. The city ordinances were revised, the houses numbered and the city surveys and grades systematized. The Public Square, which, for twenty years or more, had known no other name, was formally chris- tened Washington Park by resolution of the City Council. The Lincoln-Douglas Festivities During the fall succeeding its change in UMiiif I'mm the Public S(|uare to W'ashin^'ton Park, this historic ground of Quincy was given an inerea.sed measure of fame by being made the scene of one of the noted debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, during their 1S5S campaign for the linited States senatorship. The exact date of the meeting, receptions, processions and festivities — for the occasion brought cmt all those events and more — was October I'-i, 1858. Each cham])ion and political leader had his own reception committee, liisown proee.s.sion, and his own local newspajier; of course, the Whig and Republican was the Lincoln organ and the Herald blew its blasts for Douglas. The Committee of Arrangements for the reception of "Hon. A. Lincoln" (how much less dignified than simi)Iy Lincoln) met as early 468 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUxXTY as October 5th at the office of Jonas & Asbury. Fiuall}' the day so big with events arrived, and the two processions and divided citizens, with the Whig and the Herald blazing the way, set themselves to make the most of the situation. The republican procession, headed by E. K. Stone, with Capt. B. M. Prentiss and John Wood, Jr., as aides, formed on Broadway, its right resting on Sixth Street. Stig's brass band followed the marshal and his aides. The republican elubs and citizens on foot assembled in Jefferson Square and formed the head of the procession. At 9 o'clock the procession marched to the depot, and ilr. Lincoln was received by a delegation of citizens, who escorted him to the carriage reserved for him. With other convey- ances and a cavalcade of horsemen, the procession then countermarched up Broadway, down Third to Jersey, up Jersey to Eighth, up that thoroughfare to Hamp.shire, down Hampshire to Fourth, down Fourth to Maine, up Maine to Fifth, and up Fifth to the front of the court- house, where the distinguished guest was formally welcomed by the Committee on Reception. After this part of the programme had been carried out, the procession proceeded through the principal streets of the city to the residence of 0. H. Browning, where John Tillson, can- didate for state senator, presented a beautiful bouquet to Lincoln which was a gift from the republican ladies of Quincy. After a few words from the great republican, a choir of j'oung ladies and gentle- men sung "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," and the procession dis- banded, ilr. Lincoln was entertained and dined at Mr. Browning's residence and afterward escorted to Wlashington Square. At 2 o'clock he opened the debate with the Little Giant. In the meantime Judge Douglas had been taken in hand by the local democracy. Dr. I. T. Wilson was the chief marshal of the pro- cession, which formed at the courthouse, at about 9 : 30 A. M., and after taking a detour up Broadway to Twelfth, where the delegations from the north .joined it — and at other points, those from the east and south and from the river districts? — it marched past the Quincy House. Judge Douglas, at that point in the line of march, showed himself at a second-story window. The procession was disbanded at noon. The Herald said it was two miles in length, and the greatest affair of the kind in the history of Quincy. The Whig and Republican made the same claims for the Lincoln demonstration and, as the writer was not there to judge for himself, these respective newspaper claims must be left un-umpired. It was agreed that the crowd around the debating stand had never been exceeded and could not have been less than ten or twelve thousand people, ilr. Lincoln opened the debate and spoke for an hour. Judge Douglas then made a speech of an hour and a half, and the republican leader closed w'ith a half-hour response. The Herald added: "The Democracy assembled again in the evening around the stand in the Public Square, no house in the city being large enough to contain the fourth of them, where they were X - 55 z v. 470 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY addressed by Mr. Arntzen, of this city, and Mr. Reed, of Keokuk. Thus begau and thus ended the day — the most glorious to the De- mocracy that Quiney ever saw." Even to this day, the Lincoln-Douglas debate, with the attendant celebrations and ceremonials, is held in remembrance by a very few and, in tradition, by writers and makers of local history, as one of the greatest events of the city's public life. The fiftieth anniversary of that event was another gala day observed with scarcely less en- thusiasm than the original occasion, although the chief participants in the golden celebration — the survivors of the first — were as a sunny cotton field in the South, thick with white and glistening bolls. The Lincoln-Douglas festival is a fair dividing line between the city of the past and that of the present. From that time on, Quincy branches out in so many different directions, that it is thought advisable to handle the details topically. The Mayors op the City Without going into details as to the personalities of the mayors of Quincy, it may be said that some of the ablest men of the city have served in that capacity — such as John Wood, Samuel Holmes and Thomas Redmond. As a rule, it may be said that they have combined public spirit with business sagacity ; which is as it should be. The successive incumbents of the mayoralty have been as follows : Ebenezcr Moore, 1840-41 ; Enoch Conyers, 1842-43 ; John Wood, 1844- 47 ; John Abbe, 1848 ; Eno'ch Conyers, 1849 ; Samuel Holmes, 1850- 51 ; John Wood, 1852-53 ; James M. Pittman, 1854-55 ; John Wood, 1856; Sylvester Thayer, 1857; James M. Pittman, 1858; Robert S. Benneson, 1859 ; Thomas Jasper, 1860 ; I. O. Woodruff, resigned, 1861 ; Thomas Redmond, filled vacancy, and elected until 1864; George F. Waldhaus, 1865; Maitland Boone, 1866; James M. Pittman. 1867 ; Presley W. Lane, 1868 ; B. P. Berrian, 1869 ; J. G. Rowland, 1870-72; Frederick Rearick, 1873-74; J. M. Smith, 1875; E. H. Turner, 1876; L. D. White, 1877; W. T. Rogers, 1878-79; J. K. Webster. 1880-81; D. F. Deadrick, 1882-83; James Jarrett, 1884; Jonathan Parkhurst, 1885-86; James M. Bishop, 1887; George H. AValker, 1890; E. J. Thompson, 1891; John P. Mikesell, 1892-94; John A. Steinbach, 1895-1908; John H. Best, 1908; John A. Stein- bach, 1910; John F. Garner, 1912; William K. Abbott, 1914; John A. Thompson, 1916— Public Questions Adjudged by Popular Vote Of late years a number of important questions have been brought before the voters of Quincy for the recording of their judgment. In January, 1911. by a vote of 3,834 to 2,070, they decided against adopting the commission form of government. At the April election of 1914 the voters recorded their decision on the question ' ' Shall this griNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 471 city become anti-salooii territory?" as follows: Yes — 1,386 mcu and l,;tO:J women; No — 6,;j44 men and 4,473 women. At the same elec- tion the proposition to take over the water works as municipal prop- erty was carried by a majority of 4,743. Pioneer Public Schools op Quincy The somewhat disorganized, but nevertheless necessary steps whica were taken in the early '40s by such jiood and far-sijjrhted citizens of Quiney. as Dr. J. N. Ralston, John Wood and R. S. Benneson, to change the local schools from a private to a public nature, have already been described. Their real oi-ganization as a compact and inde- pendent system dates from the year 1847, when, under legislative authority, the city was divided into school districts in control of the municipality. In June of that year the City Council appointed as the executive head of the local system, or the superintendent of schools, Isaac M. Grover, the former school commissioner of the county. The then existing schools, the Franklin and Jefferson, were opened under his superintendency in September, 1847. It was not until the fall and winter of 1855 that the "Webster .school was erected. Two years afterward the Irving District was organized, and the schoolhouse built, and about the same time the colored school (now the Lincoln), then conducted in a small cabin on Oak Street, came under the jurisdirtion of the city. R.\Dic.\L Work of Hope S. Davis Hope S. Davis, who was superintendent from 1856 to 1858 and from 1860 to 1864. graded the classes into higher, intermediate and primary departments, which was considerable of an improvement. Teachers were also engaged to specialize in the departments named. The late '50s brought forth radical improvements in the classification of the scholars, the apparatus and mechanical facilities provided and the general conduct of the schools. Previous to that period the Franklin and Jefferson schools, with one room on each floor, had two teachers in a room, both of them conducting their miscellaneous a.s.sortment of pupils at either end. Neither of the schools had a blackboard ; the Webster, as the newer school, was favored with one. As a rule, the seats ran lengthwise of the rooms. On the elevated ones, at the ends, sat the big boys and girls. The chief classification of the pupils was according to phys- ical size, although there was a division into reading and spcllini; cla.sses, without any close distinction as to comparative acquirements. The only thing about the schools of that period that .seemed to par- take of order was the series of "l)lne laws." providing that the scholars must be on hand at 8:45 o'clock and the doors should be promptl.v opened at 9 o'clock. A certain number of "tardies" made a scholar liable to suspension : a certain higher number, to expulsion. Q W a o ►J o o o o 2; o o Z QUINCY AND ADAMS (orXTV 47:5 \Vlicii iinproveincnts liccainc tlie order of the day, the superin- tendent, armed with authority from the City Council, partitioned each seliool building into four rooms. The oUl sears were replaced l)y new ones; lilackhoards were installed, and finally the different grade.s were furnished with text books. The backward element op- l)osed these innovations, but the tide of [xiblic senti'uent was turned in their direction by the very creditalile ("grand," in the local prints^ exhibition of school work made at Kendall's Hall in the spring of IS")?. It was the first oxhii)ition of the kind, and all of the friends of the public .school .sy.stem, and some of its former opponents, emphatically pronounced it an eye-opener. Later, when the really strong and intelligent element proposed to increa.se the prevailing public school tax of 12Vj cents, opposition again developed, but when it was assaulted by such knights as Almeron Wheat. Jackson Grinishaw. Samuel Holmes and A. W. Blakesley, it speedily and permanently subsided. AViiv THE Bo.vRD OF Educ.vtiox \v.\.s Created In the winter of 1860-61. largely through the instrumentality of Superintendent Davis, a law was enacted by the Legislature creat- ing the Board of Education of Quiney. Previous to that time, the title to all public school property was vested in the citj as a corporate liody. Some of the property, a portion of the Webster School lot, was levied on for a city debt, was sold and had to be redeemed, while other city creditors, none too friendly toward the public school system, were threatening the Jefferson and the Franklin lots. The true friends of public education, who wished to remove all unneces- sary trammels to free development, supported the law creating a Board of Education with vim and success. The first Quiney Board of Education organized under that law, in 1861. consisted of Thomas Jasper, president: Hope S. Davis, superintendent ; John W. Brown, clerk ; George I. King and A. W. Blakesle.v, members. Before the commencement of the fall term of that year a complete graded system for the schools was adopted. In the year named was also established the first Quiney Teachers' Institute. When the board formally organized, it was called upon to conduct the Franklin, Jefferson and Webster schools, and leased the old Unitarian Church, corner of Sixth and Jersey streets, for the new Center School. With the title to school properties thus protected, the '60s showed quite a remarkable i>r(igraiiniie of building and general developiiient projected and realized. The sub.iect is so subdivided at this point that sketches of the different public schools of Quiney follow in the chronological order of the completion of the original buildings. E-i CO « H w Eh & O J o o a o ;? 3 z QllXCY AM) ADAMS COINTV 475 FR.VNKLIX, THE FaTIIEK OF TllE.M ALL, In 1870, after it had Ih'om tlie home of the high scliool for four years, the old Franklin building was replaced by a fifteen rooni structure, erected at a cost of $40,000 and then the last manifesta- tion of modern architecture and convenience as applied to Quincy structures set aside for purposes of education. In 1873, the at- tendance from its district had so increased that the York Street Primary was opened across the street from the Franklin School. The F'ranklin School was destroyed by fire on February 16, 190."), and at a special election held in the following month the people authorized the City Council to issue bonds in the sum of $120,000 to rebuild it. It stands on Third Street, between York and Ken- tucky, and is one of tiie model schools of the city. Othek PiBLic Schools The Jefferson school house, long before its di.sappearauce, had become an eye-sore to the people of Quincy. Fortunately, in 1875 the county desired its site to complete the grounds for the new court house, and. as has lieen narrated, the Board of P'ducation finally traiisfci-red it for tiiat ]>urposc. In November, of that year, the city i)urchased for $M0,000 the Quincy English and German College building, corner of Fourth and Spring, and occupied it for more than forty years. The New Jefferson School, as it is called, was formally opened in February, 1916, and is one of the best adapted in the city. As stated, the old Webster School was built about 1855. In 1873 it was almost completely remodeled, as some doubts had arisen as to its safety, and in 1904 the third building was erected at a co.st of .$63,000. The site of the school is on Maine near Twelfth Street. The Lincoln School and its predecessor were devoted to the edu- cation of the colored children. The house has always stood on Tenth Street between Spring and Oak. As established in 1861 it was little more than a hut. ]\Iiss Ix)uisa Alexander was its first teacher. Until 1872, its status was insecure, and it was closed several times on account of small attendance, but in 1872 a neat four-room house was erected and occupied until 1910, when the larger and more convenient building now occupied was erected. The high school was first organized in the Center building dur- ing September, 1864: moved to what is now the Jackson School in 1866, and not long afterward to the Franklin. The handsome struc- ture of the present at the corner of Twelfth and Maine streets was completed in 1891 and enlarged in 1903, at a total cost of over $100,000. The Irving School on Payson Avenue, between Eighth and Ninth streets, was built in 1864 at a cost of about $3,500; in 1873 two rooms i76 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY were added to the original four and the old portion of the building remodeled, and in 1895 an altogether new house was erected at a cost of nearly $8,000. The original Jackson School building, corner of Vine and Eighth streets, was erected by private parties as the "Quincy Academy." In 1866 the building was owned by Willard Keyes, and in July of that year the Board of Education purchased it of him for $12,000, and opened the Quincy High School therein. When the high school was moved to the Franklin, the Jackson resumed its old name. The building was wrecked b}^ a tornado in 1875, but immediately rebuilt, at a cost of $6,000. In April, 1913, the people voted $50,000 bonds for a new school building. In 1867 the directors of School District No. 4, Melrose Township, conveyed the building know as the Madison School, at Maine and The Present High School Twenty-Fifth streets, to the Quincy Board of Education, in con- sideration of the privilege of free attendance granted pupils who inii;ht reside outside the city limits, but in Section 6, Melrose Town- ship. A new building was erected in 1890, for more than $9,000, and an addition to it, in 1898, which cost even more than the former 'structure. The Berrian School, located at the corner of Eighth and Van Buren streets, was built in 1868 at a cost of $7,200. The original Washington School was built in 1869, at Sixth Ave- nue, North and Cherry Street, on nearly the same plan as the Ber- rian. Tlie new building completed in 1898 cost about $10,000. The Dewey, formerly called the Highland School, at Twenty-First and Cherry streets, was erected in 1889 at a cost of over $4,000, and in 1898 an addition was made to it at about the same expense. It was then that the name was changed from Highland to that which Ql'INCV AM) ADAMS t'OrXTY 477 honored one ol" the great figures ol" the Aiiieriean Navy. The mag- nificent New Dewey School has been but recently completed at a cost of $95,000. It is a nine-room structure, with large auditorium and gymnasium, fireproof and strictly modern in all its conveniences, sanitary arrangements and general appliances. In 1891 the Adams School building was erected, corner of Twen- tieth and Jefferson streets, at a cost of nearly $31,000. The Emerson School, massive and elegant, modern in all its ap- pointments, is located at Thirteenth and Washington streets, and was completed in 1900 at a cost of more than $20,000. Loc.vL School Management The first president of the Quiney Board of Education was Thomas Jasper, who served in March-August, 1861 ; I. 0. Woodruff, 1861-62 ; William Marsh, 1862-64: I. 0. Woodruff. 1864-66: A. J. Lubbe, 1866-67: P. A. Goodwin, 1867-72: R. S. Benneson, 1872-86; A. W. Wells, 1886-93; Joseph Robbins, 1893-97; George W. Earhart, 1897- 1901; Dickcrson McAfee, 1901-03; William II. Collins, 1903-10: R. J. Christie, 1910-14; George Gal)riel, 1914—. The successive superintendents of the Quiney schools have been as follows: Isaac M. Grover, 1847-50; C. J. Swartwout. 1850-51; John Murphy, 1851-52; Warren A. Reed, 1852-54; John JIurphy, 1854-56; Hope S. Davis, 1856-58: N. T. Lane, 1858-59; B. B. Went- worth. 1859-60; Hope S. Davis. 1860-64; A. W. Blakesley, 1864-65; J. W. Brown, 1865-66; W. (i. Ewing, 1866-67; James Lowe, 1867-69; J. W. Brown, 1869-71 ; T. W. Macfall. 1871-97; A. A. Seehorn, 1897- 1901; F. G. Ertel. 1001-03: David B. Rawlins, 1903-10: E. G. Bau- man, 1910-16; Charles M. Gill, 1916— A. W. Starkey was the first principal of the Quiney High School, and he has been succeeded by H. A. Farwell, C. C. Hobbins. William B. Corbyn. W. F. Geiger, David B. Rawlins, J. E. Pearson, V. K. Froula. C. R. Maxwell, Sheridan W. Ehrman, Zens L. Smith and J. F. Wellemaj-er. Strong Features of tiik Present System Not a few of the strongest features of the present system of edu- cation as illustrated through the workings of the Quiney schools have been evolutions of the past dozen or fifteen years. Among these ma.v be mentioned the beautifying of school grounds and of the houses them.selves under the molding influences of Superintendent Rawlins, the cementing and solidifying of the entire system through the establishment of the Junior Ilitrh Sdiool, by Superintendent Banman. and the further raising of teaching (lualifications. and the liberalization of the entire system, under the direction of the pres- ent incumbent, Charles M. Gill. Such statements cannot be more o o M o m o CO M o QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 479 forcibly supiiorted than by coiuleiisiiig and extracting from some of tiieir annual reports. In noting the changes iu the surroundings of the different schools buildings, Mr. Rawlins remarked in his 1910 report: "On the evening of June 14, 1901, as 1 came up from the Burlington Depot, I saw the Jefferson School building for the first time. The building was much as it is now except that a number of old unsani- tai-y out-buildings obstructed the view from the north. The grounds were entirely barren, the north half being covered with rubbish and adorned with a healthy croj) of weeds. Little or no shrubbery could be seen. To the stranger coining up Oak Street to-day, Jefferson School grounds present the appearance of a public park and play- ground. Grass, flowers, trees and shrubbery abound. Playground apparatus is at hand for the children, and the old unsanitary out- buildings have been replaced by a neat, attractive building in which sanitary toilet fixtures have been installed. "What has been said about Jefferson School grounds applies with equal force to the grounds at High, Webster, Jackson, Franklin, Berrian and other schools. There was not a well ecpiipped and properly kept play- ground in the city. To-day the school grounds are reasonably equipped with playgi'ound apparatus, the lawns are well kept and beautified with shrubbery. In short, the people of the city can well aft'ord to be proud of their school gi-ounds. In this connection I wish to acknowledge the assistance given by Mr. E. J. Parker in the work of beautifying the school grounds and to recommend that his suggestions be sought and followed in the years to come. Anyone who visits our beautiful parks must be impressed with the thought that he who has worked so hard for Quincy's Park System has be- stowed upon her people an inestimable boon and earned the fullest measure of their gratitude." ScHfini. .Savings System Superintendent Rawlins also notes that the School Savings Sys- tem was ado])ted in 1904. in connection with the savings department of the Quincy National Hank. The innovation has worked well in Quincy. as elsewhere in the country, and habits of economy and business system have been formed of inestimable value. Such re- sults, brought about fifteen years ago, have doubtless benefitted young men and women of to-day in the problems of economy which so many are called upon to solve. The Junior High School Regarding this subject, of which he is jia.st and present master, Siiperintendent E. G. Hauman said in his report to the Board of Education, in April, 1914: "Four problems are facing us at this 480 QUIXGY AND ADAMS COUNTY time as a Board of Educatiou. These problems are (1) more needed room to take care of our increasing high school enrollment; (2) a seeming gap between the eighth grade and the first year of the high school; (3) the loss of too many boys and girls at the completion of the eighth grade; (4) more or less waste of time because of the methods of the elementary grades being carried through the gram- mar grades, as contemplated in the present arrangement of the so- called eight-four plan. "I wish to submit to you a rearrangement of our present system whereby it is changed from the eight-four plan to a six-six plan. That is to say, instead of having eight years devoted to the element- ary grades and four years to the high school, let there be six years devoted to the elementary grades and six j-ears to the high school — thi-ee years to a so-called Junior High School. I would do away with the present eighth grade commencement. I would establish various centers for doing Junior High School work, these centers to accommodate all the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of the city. These centers should be so located as to reduce to a minimum the dis- tance for the diflferent pupils in the various parts of the city. "I would make the work of the Junior High School depart- mental — a plan which we have already introduced in most of our seventh and eighth grade work. I would put the work in the Junior High School on the credit basis, so as to make it possible for pupils to advance by credits rather than by grades or classes. The ad- vantage in this would be that it would make it possible for the aver- age pupil to gain considerable time in the completion of the course. In formulating a course of study for the Junior High School, 1 would have it include foreign languages (Latin and German), alge- bra, business, arithmetic, civics, general science, etc." The six-six plan was finally adopted August 3, 1914, and was put into effect at the time of the opening of the schools in Septem- ber of that year. In the report for the year ending June 16, 1916, it is stated that there were then eight Junior High School centers in Quincj', three of which included the ninth grade. In the same paper, Mr. Bauman noted the widespread interest taken in the movement saying that he had received during the year past nearly one hun- dred letters of inquiry regarding its workings in Quincy; that re- cently the Teachers' College of Columbia University had offered courses in the Junior High School. Official Standard of Te.^ching Qualifications In a general review of his administration and a sort of a leave- taking of his local co-educators, Mr. Bauman touches upon the sub- ject of a gradual raising of the standard of the qualifications de- manded of the teachers of Quincy, thus: "One of the things which has meant more for real efficiency on the part of our teaching body, 482 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY and which has shown more excellent results in every way than any other one thing, was the adoption by the Board of Education in May, 1911, of a schedule of qualitications and salaries of teachers which I recommended at that time. This schedule makes the salary of the teacher commensurate with her qualifications, and calls for certain definite requirements. By a special arrangement with the Western Illinois State Normal School, it was made possible for our teachers to make such arrangements as might enable them to com- plete the course of study and receive their diplomas in the shortest possible time. The result was that nearly 100 of the Quincy teachers enrolled in the State Normal School during the summer term of 1911. A number of them graduated at the close of the term, owing to the fact that they had a large amount of work which could be credited. By means of extension work which was offered the teach- ers during the school year by the State Normal School, and by at- tending the subsequent summer terms, almost all of our teachers have found it possible to complete their State Normal School work and receive their diplomas. To show what this movement has done, I merely wish to say that when I came to Quincy to take charge of the schools, but few of the grade teachers were gi-aduates of recognized professional schools, or had even done work in such schools; while at this time there is not a single teacher who is not either a graduate of a State Normal School or college, or who has not done considerable work toward the completion of a course leading to graduation. "More than that. Quite a number of teachers have supplemented their work with college and university training since graduating from the State Normal School. I can say for Quincy, and say it truthfully, that no other city of its size in the country has a better trained corps of teachers." Superintendent Bauman also noticed the opening of an ungraded school during the preceding year, and regretted the abandonment of "medical inspection," continued during the first two years of his superintendency. The parent-teachers associations had been in successful operation for two years. He again recommended the establishment of night schools, continuation schools and vacation schools. Present Status of Schools Superintendent Charles M. Gill concludes the second year of his service in July, 1918. In the spring of that year the schools and teachers were evidently in a high state of efficiency. The handsome Dewey School had been completed, and others were model establish- ments for the propagation of public instruction. The High School, which was graduating 100 students yearly, had long been a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Universities and accredited by the StKe Department of Public Instruction, so that yUlXCY AND AUAMS COlNTY 483 its graduates were admitted to the University of Illinois, or other colleges iu the state, without examinatiou. A uight school had been in successful operation for some time, for the benefit of persona employed during the day who wished to master the English branches, business subjects — including salesmanship, stenography and type- writing — dressmaking, millinery, wood-working, mechanical draw- ing and telegraphy. The Board of Education had also purchased a plot of ground, 420 by 616 feet, centrally located for an athletic field and playground, and it was being put in shape for the pur- poses implied. As to statistics which may convey another idea of the Quincy system of public education, as it bad been developed for seventy years or more, it is gleaned from the latest figures accessible when this article was written (spring of 1918) and furnished by Superin- tendent Gill, that the average number of pupils enrolled in all the city schools was 3.958 ; average attendance, 3,760. There were 164 men and women in the employ of the Board of Education, exclusive of janitors, comprising the following : Superintendent, business manager and tfuant officer; four supervisors, and 1-57 teachers. The total value of the school property was $1,005,000. The Fire Department The bud of the Quincy Fire Department appeared in 1837-39, during which the bucket brigade was replaced by Fire Engine No. 1, or the "Old Quincy" hand engine. All the substantial men of the town, more than fifty, volunteered to "lend a hand" when neces- sary. As the years marched along, so did improvements in the de- partment. Engine Company No. 1 was succeeded by Water "Witch No. 2; then, in succession, came Liberty No. 3, Neptune No. 4, Phoe- nix No. 5, Rough and Ready No. 6 and the Pioneer Hook and Ladder Company. The different companies continued to be managed by officers of their own election until 1865, when the Board of Fire Engineers was established whose duty was to generally supervise the system ; it was composed of a chief engineer and the foreman of the fire com- panies. In the following year it was made broader and more munic- ipal in its scope, including the mayor, chief engineer, two assistant engineers and two aldermen. The first board, as thus constituted, met on the 11th of May, 1866, with the following personnel : Mayor Maitland Boone, Chief Engineer T. J. Heirs, Assistants J. M. Bishop and C. Schwindler, and Aldermen "Whitbread and Schrieber. It was during that year, also, that Quincy obtained its first steam fire engine. It was called the "John Wood." and its hoarse whistle sounded the death-knell of the pure volunteer system : first it was half-pay and half -volunteer, and finally a full paid department. The first six or seven years of the department constituted a period 484 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of complete respousibility for the protection of public and private properties against the attacks of fire, but after 1872 ever increasing assistance was furnished by the expanding system of water works, which, under modern conditions, may be said to constitute the main protection. In May of that year, after three years of discussions, legislation and negotiations between private companies and the City of Quiuey, the Quincy Water Works Company was organized. It was the logical time for its creation. The fall and winter of 1871-72 was a season of great drought, and the horses of the Middle West, and in many sections elsewhere, were rendered useless by epizootic. The fire and private cisterns, upon which the fire department had depended for its supply in an emergency, became empty. Private persons were compelled to pay an outrageous price for water and, to add to this deplorable state of unpreparedness, was the Imminent danger of fire with evei-ything in perfect condition to spread it into a fierce conflagration. Under these circumstances, various plans were suggested by which to fill the fire cistern. The experiment was tried of using fire steamers at the river, conveying the water to the desired localities through hose. But there was a decided shortage of available hose, several of the steamers were disabled under the unusual calls upon their pumping powers, and that plan had to be abandoned. Finally the city adopted a plan proposed by Edward Prince. A small pump house, with boiler and engine, was installed at the foot of Maine Street, the fire cisterns were filled from the river, and the danger of a general conflagi-atiou averted. In the spring of 1872 the city laid a six-inch main up Maine Street from the pump house, and set three fire hydrants— one at Third Street, another at Fourth and the third at Fifth. This main, including machinery, was after- ward purchased by Mr. Prince, secretary of the Quincy Water Works Company, who subsequently built and operated the original s.ystem. Up to this time the chief engineers of the fire department had been E. M. Miller, 1865-66; T. J. Heirs, 1866-68; Henry Meisser, 1868-70; Henry Lageman, 1870-72. The losses by fire suffered by citizens of Quincy were quite large until adequate protection was furnished through the co-operation of the department and the water works system, as will be seen by the following figures : From April, 1868, to April, 1869, $206,000 ; 1869- 70, $97,000; 1870-71, $135,000; 1871-72, $122,000; 1872-73, $59,000; 1873-74, $175,000. The heads of the department since the time of Henry Lageman have been as follows : John J. Metzger, 1872-74 ; J. H. Ayers, 1874- 75 (died in the latter year) ; John A. Steinbaeh, 1875-84; John J. Metzger, 1884; Joseph Esterly, 1885-91; George Schlag, 1895-1908; August G. Moshage, 1908-10; George J. Schlag, 1910-12; George Marriotte, 1912— (^Ll.NL'V AND ADAMS lUl NTV 485 The present department, under Chief Marriotte, is well organized, the engines and other apparatus being under roof in eight substan- tially built houses. Central headquarters are in the City Hall and at the Engine House on South Fifth Street. In October, 1901, the system of lire protection was strengthened by the installation in Quincy of the Metropolitan alarm by the Amer- ican District Company. It had the honor of being the first city in Illinois to inaugurate the system. The Quincy W.vter Works For a period of more than forty years the local system of water supply and distribution was owned and superintended by private parties. Since 1916 it has been successfully conducted under mu- nicipal ownership. The original law authorizing the city to issue bonds to build and operate water works, create a Board of Water Commissioners, and do all those other things which should make them a city concern, was passed by the Legislature of 1868-69. The act was approved by a large popular vote, but was finally pronounced by the courts unconstitutional and ineffective because of the lack of any enacting clause. This set-back was by no means considered a knock-out blow by the believers in a modern system of water works, both as a sanitary measure and a strong protection against fire, and in the latter part of 1871 subscriptions were secured from the solid citizens of Quincy upon which to base the formation of a joint-stock company to push through the enterprise. Thus, on the 8th of May, 1872, the Quincy Water Works Company was formed with the following directors: James D. ilorgan, president : Edward Prince, sccretarj- : IT. F. J. Ricker, treasurer; John Robert.son, Lorenzo Bull and Henry Root, other members of the board. The company was capitalized for .$200,- 000 and soon after its formation took over a six-inch main which the city had laid along ilaine Street as an emergency protection against fire. On the 7th of August, 1873, the city made a contract with Mr. Prince, granting him the use of the streets of the municipality and authorizing him to construct and operate the water works, the agree- ment covering a period of thirty years. The City of Quincy reserved the right to purchase the water works at cost, without interest, at any time within that period. Under that arrangement the original works were constructed and within five or six years ten miles of mains had been laid, and the Water Works Company had iiurcha.sed the six-acre site at Moore's Mound for the reservoir. At tiiat time the owners of the water works were Edward Prince (really their practical builder and foimder), Lorenzo Bull and William B. Bull. The original city ordinance conveying to Mr. Prince the little pumping plant at the foot of Maine Street and the temporary line 486 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of pipe, with the thirty-year privileges noted, was passed in August, 1873, but some time before the expiration of the contract the builder of the water works sold them to L. & C. H. Bull, who conducted them until the expiration of the stipulated period, in August, 1903. Soon before the expiration of the contract the city had the water works appraised by three experts, John W. Alvord, Daniel W. Mead and Hiram Phillips, who then estimated the value of the plant at $649,159. Without going into details as to the agreements between the owners of the water works, a new company of citizens formed in the fall of 1904, and the City of Quincy, it is sufficient to state that the transfer was made by L. & C. H. Bull to the Citizens Water Works Company, to which the city granted a thirty years' franchise in September, 1904. The municipality reserved the right to pur- chase, under the original terms, at any time within eleven and a half years from that date ; it could not do so then, as the city was in debt up to the constitutional limit and even beyond. A summary of the expansion of the system since that time has been made for this work by W. R. Gelston, who has served as super- intendent since January 1, 1907 : The Citizens Water Works Com- pany was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois in Sep- tember, 1904, and took charge of the Water Works Plant October 1st of the same year. At that time the water works pumping plant was made up of a 30-inch wood-stave intake-pipe 1,500 feet long, laid in the Mississippi River in 1888 ; an intake well, an old pumping sta- tion erected in the early '80s; three steam driven pumping engines of an obsolete type which were new some time in the '80s, and one steam pumping engine of a more modern type which was purchased about 1900. A rapid mechanical filtration plant had been installed about 1891 and this plant was still delivering a very good safe water in spite of serious structural defects. This filter plant had a capacity of 4,000.000 gallons per day. There were in 1904 about 47 miles of mains in the distribution system. There were 314 fire hydrants, 340 valves, 4,500 services and 1,700 meters in use. The reservoir at Twenty-Second and Chestnut streets was also in service and it was then covered with a wooden roof. This roof was removed in 1906. The first notable improvement undertaken by the Citizens Water Works Company was in 1910, when two old pumps and the south wing of the old pumping station were removed and the new high service pumping station was built on the site of the old building. The Piatt Iron Works of Daj'ton, Ohio, erected, in this building, a horizontal, cross-compound, crank and fly wheel pumping engine. This pump has a capacity of 6,000,000 gallons per day, and was first placed in operation March 13, 1911. Ground was purchased on the east side of Front Street between Main and Hampshire in 1912 for a site for the new purification plant. The old buildings were removed and excavation work was completed in 1913 and the construction QL'INLV AM) ADAMS ('(JlNTV 487 work was begun on the I'.ew plant iu Septemla-r, 1913. This plant was completed and placed in regular operation September 1, 1914. The plant has a tiltration capacity of 6,000,000 gallons in twenty- four hours and it was built by the New York Continental Jewell Fil- tration Company of New York City. During the autumn and winter of 1914-15 the north wing of the old pumping station was torn down, the two old pumps housed therein were scrapped and the new low service pumping room was erected on the site. One 6,000,000 gallon per twenty-four hours steam turbine driven centrifugal pump and one electric driven centrifugal pump of the same capacity were installed in this building and are used for pump- ing water from the river to the filtration plant. The steam driven unit was purchased from the Piatt Iron "Works of Dayton, Ohio. The electric driven pump was built by the Dayton-Dick Company of Quincy, Illinois. Wliile the work of the low service pumping station was under way the Dayton-Dick Company built and installed in the high service pumping station a 6,000,000 gallon electric driven centrifupral pump to be used in pumping filtered water into the city and to the storage reservoir at Twenty-Second and Chestnut Street. All of these improvements at the pumping station and purification plant were built from plans and specifications drawn up by D. W. Jlead and C. V. Sea.stone, consulting engineers, of Madison, Wis- consin. Work on the new 36-inch cast iron intake pipe was also begun late in the year 1914, but cold weather followed by the usual spring floods delayed the work and the pipe laying was not completed until September 9, 1915. This intake pipe is 1,823 feet long and weighs nearly 400 tons. Capt. Joseph G. Falcon of Evanston. Illinois, a submarine contractor, had the contract for placing this pipe in the bed of the Mississippi River. This last improvement gave the City of Quincy complete new pumping and purification facilities equal to the best. The pumping station is equipped to operate with steam generated at the plant or with electric power generated at the Keo- kuk Hydro-electric Power Plant. The electric power is used most of the time. In the meantime the distribution system with its appurtenances has been extended until the city now has 76 miles of mains, 436 fire hydrants. 660 valves, 7,000 service and 4,900 meters. Plans are completed and contracts are being made for the erection of a booster pumping station to be located at the reservoir. These pumps will lift water from the reservoir to a large elevated tank and all of the consumers located east of Eighteenth Street will be supplied with water from this elevated tank. This improvement will be completed in 1918 and will increase the present water pressure in the entire district east of Eighteenth Street about fifty pounds per square inch. The City of Quincy has always depended upon its fire engines 488 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY for fire pressure and the water department is not required to in- crease the pressure on the water mains for fire fighting. The Citizens Water "Works Company paid Lorenzo and W. B. Bull approximately $650,000 for the Quincy Water Works plant, on October 1, 1904, and sold the plant to the City of Quincy on Oc- tober 1, 1916, for the same sum. The improvements added to the plant by the Citizens Water Works Company were all paid for from the earnings of the plant. The appraised valuation of the plant on October 1, 1916, was $1,070,000. The operation of the water works plant under the Citizens Water Works Company was vested in a Board of Directors composed of three men. The first board was H. F. J. Ricker, Jr., J. M. Winters, and H. C. Sprick. These men took charge of the plant October 1, 1904. On March 7, 1905, Mr. Eicker and Mr. Winters resigned. J. P. Mikesell and Theodore Pape were then elected to serve with Mr. Sprick a,s the Board of Directors. These three men held the directorship until 1908, when J. Henry Bastert replaced Mr. Mike- sell. Mr. Bastert served one year and was replaced by W. H. Govert. Messrs. Govert, Pape and Sprick continued as directors of the com- pany until the city purchased the old plant October 1, 1916. Since that date Messrs. Theodore Pape, W. J. Singleton and Henry C. Sprick have acted as commissioners for the City of Quincy in charge of the plant. From the organization of the Citizens Water Works Company until January 1, 1907, J. M. Winters was acting superin- tendent, giving a portion of his time to the Water Works Plant and continuing his connection with the Quincy National Bank at the same time. From January 1, 1907, until the present time, W. R. Gelston has been superintendent. Quincy 's Worst Fire Shortly before the experts and the public commenced to consider the necessity of expanding the water works system by the addition of an adequate intake pipe, occurred the city's most destructive fire. On the 17th of February, 1913, the business and manufacturing district on the west side of Second Street between Vermont and Hampshire streets was swept clean of massive buildings at a total loss of $350,000. But the recuperative powers of the people were so strong that in a comparatively short time the damages were ap- parently repaired and the burnt section was largely rebuilt. The Park and Boulevard System Never in the history of municipalities has a great system of pub- lic improvements been so centered in the personality of one man as that which has had to do with the development of the parks and boulevards of Quincy. And Edward J. Parker was that man. Fi'om QUl.NCV AM) ADAMS roiNTY 489 the date of the incorporation of the Quiiiey Boulevard and I'ark As- sociation in 1888 until his death in litl2, he was the inspiring, practical and untirinp head of the organization whieh convened the beauty spots and hreathing grounds for the pleasure and health of the piililie in general and the physical and mental refreshment of thousands of individuals. The city furnished the money for the improvements, and the welding of the parks and boulevards into a system, and the association, with ^Ir. Parker as its driving power, accomplished the work of transformation and expansion. Since the death of its founder. ^Irs. Elizabeth G. Parker, the able and devoted widow, has continued tlie work inaugurated by her husband even years before the Boulevard and Park Association was formed. From a complete and artistic history- of the local park system issued by that association in 1917, the following pertinent informa- tion is extracted: The creation of the splendid system of public parks now possessed by the City of Quiney, was due wholly to the initiative and continued efforts of private citizens, none of whom held any official position under the city government. In this respect the experience of Quiney has been exceptional. Probably few, if any, cases of a like character can be found among American munici- palities. In the year 1887 a number of citizens formed a voluntary asso- ciation, which was on July 23, 1888, incorporated the Quiney Boule- vard & Park Association. It is to this association and to its officers that the city, as is admitted by all, owes its system of public parks. It originated the idea of the system. It planned and determined the location of all the parks and of all extensions of the same. As the city was, at that time, indebted beyond the constitutional limit and, therefore, could not legally incur any additional indebtedness, the association, as a rule, purchased the requisite land in its own name, gave its own obligations for the same, and then, when it had l)aid for the same out of the public funds entrusted to its manage- ment, conveyed the title to the city. The association originated and pushed to a successful issue plans iinder which the public revenues devoted to park purposes were created. The expenditure of these revenues has, at all times, been committed by the city to the uncon- trolled discretion of the association. Under its direction, its super- vising landscape gardener, 0. C. Simonds of Chicago, has made the plans for all the parks. It has entered into the contracts, purchased the material and secured and controlled the labor necessary for the carrying out of these plans. The maintenance of the i>arks and the hiring of the necessary care-takers and help has been wholly in its charge. The great re.sults achieved with comparatively small means, demonstrate what can be accomplished when pul)lic funds are ex- pended by those who are devoted solely to the public interests, and who do not permit themselves to be influenced by any political or private considerations. ^€5-^^/ QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 491 Mr. Parker's Self-Sacrifice While the members of such orgauizations give their moral and, it may be, their tinaiicial support to the cause, the necessary hard and burdensome work is not done by them. This is always done by one or more individual members who, consumed by zeal for the cause, forgetful of all personal considerations, devote their time and best efforts to its consummation. It was so in the case of the Quincy Boulevard & Park Association. Its achievements are acknowledged by everyone to be mainly due to the late Edward J. Parker, who, from the time of its inception to the time of his death which occurred March 1, 1912, was the president of the association. His was the vision which saw in the barren and unsightly Mississippi River blutVs, parks which, for beauty of location and magnificence of view have but few equals. His was the guiding and controlling hand in everj'thing connected with the selection, establishment and manag<^- mcnt of our parks. Although his duties as president of a large bank were of a most responsible and exacting nature, he nevertheless de- voted to the parks most of his leisure time, giving every detail his personal attention. For this he did not ask, nor indeed would he have accepted any compensation, for he was moved solely by a pure spirit of service. No indifference on tlip part of our citizens, of which in the early days of the movement there was much ; no hostility on the part of city administrations, who, in the beginning, when no special funds had been provided for the parks, resented his efforts to obtain moneys which they desired to devote to other public pur- poses, could discourage him. Day after day, year after year, he per- sistently urged the claims of the parks for individual and public support. His was the unshakable steadfastness of purpose which perseveres in the effort to realize its dream until success has crowned its efforts. Although a fund was raised by public subscription for the erection of a monument to his meraorj', Quincy 's splendid sys- tem of public parks is, and for all time to come will remain Mr. Parker's real monument. LOY.\L CO-WORKERS In all his plans Mr. Parker had the constant, loyal support of the members of the Quincy Boulevard & Park Association and the active assistance of its other officers. Among these officers Philip L. Dickhut stood first in his enthusia.sm and service for the cause. Mr. Dickhut was the secretary of the association from its beginning to the year 1901. During all of this time he was closely associated with Mr. Parker, furthering every undertaking intended to bring about the realization of the plans of the association. In those years the a.s.sociation had no salaried .superintendent and Mr. Dickhut in addi- tion to his duties as secretary served as acting superintendent of the parks and boulevards. This made it necessary for Mr. Dickhut to 492 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY devote a large part of his time and thought to the public service which he did at a considerable sacrifice of his private interests, with- out asking or wishing compensation. The work done on behalf of the parks by George P. Miller should also have special mention, ilr. Miller was a director of the associa- tion and, having retired from business, was able to and did freely give much of his time to gratuitous service for the parks. Many others have from time to time, as occasion offered, given their valu- able services to the association, but space will not permit special mention thereof to be made at this place. In many instances proper credit for this work will be found to have been given in the following pages. After Mr. Dickhut's resignation as secretary Henry G. Klipstein was appointed as acting superintendent of the parks with a salary fixed by the association. He continued in that position, rendering efficient service, until his retirement on account of age in the year 1916. He was succeeded by Orville I. Wheeler, who for many years had been the faithful and competent care-taker of Riverview Park, and afterwards assistant superintendent and city forester. Officers 1888-1918 The principal officers of the association have been as follows: Presidents, Edward J. Parker, 1888-1912; Mrs. Edward J. Parker, since the death of her husband in 1912. Vice-Presidents : First, E. J. Thompson, 1888 to 1894 ; second, J. N. Wellman, 1888 to 1891 ; third, J. G. Rowland, 1888 to 1891 ; fourth, Thomas Sinnock, 1888 to 1891; second, E. C. Mayo, 1893 to 1894; George M. Janes, third vice-president from 1892 to 1894; Thomas Pope, fourth vice-president, 1892; Senator A. W. Wells, first vice-president, 1895; Wm. Stein wedell, second vice-president from 1895 to 1897; Joseph D. Robbins, third vice-president, 1894; G. J. Cottrell, fourth vice-president, 1895; Edward Sohm, second vice-president, 1896; Robert W. Gardner, first vice-president from 1896 to 1907; H. F. J. Ricker, second vice-president, 1899; Fred P. Taylor, second vice-president from 1903 to 1917; T. C. Poling, first vice-president from 1903 to 1917 ; George F. Miller, third vice-presi- dent, 1908; C. H. Williamson, third vice-president from 1911 to 1916. Secretaries: P. L. Dickliut. from 1888 to 1901; H. B. Dines, from 1901 to 1904 ; Floyd W. Monroe, from 1904 to 1917. Treasurers: Fred Wilms, from 1888 to 1895; G. A. Bauman, from 1895 to 1900 ; E. C. Wells, 1900 ; Edwin A. Clarke, from 1901 to 1909 ; H. G. Anderson, from 1909 to 1917. Sources of Park Revenue When the Quincy Boulevard and Park Association was formed in 1888 there were no public revenues available for the improve- QUINCY AND ADAMS COINTY 49;J ments which it was created to make. Undaimted by the outlook, it raised a fund through popular subscription, drawn from the city and adjoining townships, and commenced the establishment and im- provement of the Locust and Twenty-fourth streets boulevards. That initial work was completed in 1891, when the association began on the park progi'amme. It first induced the city to authorize the trausforniatiou of the old abandoned cemetery at Twenty-Fourth and Maine streets into a public park, which is now known as Madi- son. During the same year (1891) the association also petitioned the city to purchase for park purposes five acres of ground lying west of Second Street between Chestnut and Cherrj-, which was the beginning of Riverview Park. The money required for making the actual improvements on these two tracts was again raised by tiie association through popular subscriptions. All efforts to induce the city to appropriate more money to the purchase of new park sites failed. The cit.v administration, at that time, was devoting all its energies to the payment of the city's large bonded indebtedness and to the creation of a sinking fund for the purchase of the water works. But the association drafted an act and passed it through the Legislature into law, providing for a mill tax to create a fund for the purcha.se of land for parks and boulevards. The tax was defeated in the April election of 1894, but carried at a special election held in February of the following year. This tax of one mill yielded $5,000 a year, and afforded the first dependable income for the pur- chase of park sites. The proposition to increase the tax to two mills was finally carried in April, 1903, and the three-mill tax went into effect four years afterward. Other sources of revenue formed through the persistence of the association were the town taxes paid into the treasury before March 10th of each year and the receipts from dog licenses. With the moneys thus obtained, supplemented by several liberal donations made by private citizens, the association has estab- lished and developed the system of parks and boulevards of which Quiney has a right to be proud. As stated. Locust Boulevard was the first to be improved, and was changed from a narrow lane thirty-three feet wide, with steep grades and no regular water courses, into a level avenue of easy grade and hard surface. Twenty-fourth Street was also im^iroved. The boulevard development of late years has made most progress on the thoroughfares around the north, east and south sides of the city. Those improvements are conducted .jointly by the Board of County Supervisors, the City Council and the Quiney Boulevard and Park Association. The Parks in Detail The public grounds now included in the Quiney chain include the Madison, Riverview, South, Indian Mounds, Berrian, Wa.shing- 494 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ton, Sunset Hill, Gardner, Parker Heights Memorial, Edgewater and Wood's parks. Madison Park is the veteran of them all. In 1837 Edward B. Kimball deeded the property at the southeast corner of Maine and Twenty-fourth streets for burial purposes. As the plat was found unfit for its specified use, after having been somewhat improved, the original owner, in 1867, conveyed the property to the city for a pub- lic square or park. Some progress in beautifying the grounds was made within the following twenty-five years, although it was not until 1892, under the general supervision of Frederick L. Olmsted, the famous landscape gardener, that the work was begun which has really made Madison Park a gem. The elegant granitoid entrance at Maine and Twentj^-fourth streets was designed by Harvey Chatten and completed in August, 1893. The fountain was erected in 1900. The first piece of ground purchased for park purposes after the Quincy Boulevard and Park Association was formed comprised five acres lying on the bluffs between Chestnut and Cherry streets owned by Binkert & Cruttenden. The City Council ordered the purchase to be made in November, 1891, for $7,000. The original plans for what wa.s named Riverview Park were prepared by H. W. S. Cleve- land of Minneapolis, who had designed Madison Park. These five acres of Riverview. with the eight and a half acres of Madison Park, comprised the parli property owned in 1891. Even then Mr. Parker foresaw connections on the north side with Sunset Hill and Locust Street, as well as additions to the south giving more extended views of the river. This beautiful park on the bluffs, commanding a splen- did view of the river, became at once a favorite resort not only for the people of the north end, but of the citizens generally. In 1895 an addition of four acres to the north was made, and laid out by 0. C. Simonds of Chicago, other extensions were made in 1905 and 1908, and in 1914, Waller Hill, just south of the park, was pur- chased. Fi'om 1895 on, Mr. Simonds accomplished wonders not only in the improvement of Riverview, but of the system generally. As early as 1891 there began to be talk of a park for the South Side of Quincy. The tract of land to which the eyes of the park association were longingly turned consisted of some fifty acres lying between Eighth and TweKth streets south of Harrison. There was a magnificent plateau covered with forest trees, while on the lower level in the same tract Watson's Spring bubbled from its rocky bed. The property was owned by Judge B. F. Berrian of Quincy, and his brothers in the East. The property was purchased of its owners by the city in 1895 and Mr. Simonds employed to landscape it. The name South Park was subsequently given it, at the suggestion of Mr. Parker. The Whitney tract of two acres adjoining was pur chased soon afterward. South Park was first opened to the public on Sunday, May 18, 1895, and formally dedicated July 2d following. It was one of the gala days in the history of Quincy. South Park QULNCY AND ADAMS COLNTY 495 was annexed to the city in June, 1896, and in the same year Judge Berriau trave to Quincy as an addition to the park, four acres lying between Eleventh and Twelfth, Van Buren and Harrison. In 1904 the association leased eighteen acres south of the park, and two jears later purchased the tract. In 1915 a narrow strip of rocky land — rather a rocky ledge covered with vines and trees — on the south side of Curtis Creek between Eighth and Twelfth streets, which had been leased for many years as coveted ground, was pur- chased outright and added to South Park. Some adjoining farms have also been bought and when the proposed drive along the creek has been laid out, that section of the grounds \vill be very attractive. The latest imjjortant accession to the park was the large and hand- some shelter house, dedicated in September, 1917. On account of its large acreage, its magnificent old trees, its sparkling spring, its well-shaded picnic grounds, its ball grounds, delightful walks and drives, tennis courts and attractive and com- fortable rest and shelter house, South Park is easily the most pop- ular recreation ground in Quincy. While negotiations were pending with Judge Berrian for the pur- chase of the "Watson's Springs tract, now known as South Park, the association became greatly interested in another piece of land on the bluffs south of Woodland Cemetery. Not only were there landscape possibilities in this tract of over twenty acres, but the tract con- tained at least two Indian mounds of interest and archaeological value, one of which had been pronounced not only a signal-fire pin- nacle but a burial hill. After negotiations with the owners and the City Councilmen had extended over about three years, a portion of the tract was purchased on long time and the balance leased for a short period, the final arrangements being made in April, 1897. yiv. Simonds took the park in hand during the coming fall, and within the year 60,000 shrubs and trees, mostly of native growth, had been transplanted to the new park. As that talented and energetic land- scape gardener remarked in later years: "I would like to take Indian Mounds Park around the countrj' with me as a sample of what can be done in the development of an unpromising piece of land, at a minimum expen.se. with native flora and other inexpensive planting." In Xovember, 1900, by the pureha.se of the Jleyer tract of over five acres to the south, five new Indian mounds were added to the two on the original piece of ground, and a new drive was opened to Front Street and the manufacturing district, as well as to the Curtis Creek Drive and the South Park on the east. By purchase from Joseph Frey, made in 1902, the parkway was made a reality which connects Indian IMounds with South Park, and in 1904 the a.ssociation purcha.sed five acres of the Meyer estate lying along the bluffs immediately south of Curtis Creek ravine. Tho Berrian Park on Twelfth Street was a gift of ten acres made by Ciporeo W. Berrian, brother of Judge B. F. Berrian, and thrown QriNL'V AND AUA.MS CUl NTY 497 open to the public in 1897. An addition of two acres was purchased iu 1913. A beautiful winding drive through the park from Twelfth to Cherry Street was laid out some years ago by 0. C. Simonds, the landscape gardener, and a little foot bridge was thrown across the ravine. There is a good baseball diamond on the grounds and other attractions for the young people. The park was first called Primrose, being in Primrose addition to the city, but the City Council rechris- tened it Rerrian as a tribute to the generosity and public character of Judge Bcrrian, who adorned both the bench and the mayoralty. There is also a beautiful memorial, to the judge in the shape of a drinking fountain, which is the gift of the widow of the deceased. In April, 1900, the City Council transferred the care of Wa.shington Park to the association, and at once took steps to improve it. Trees were planted, the fountain repaired, new ornamental electric lights installed and plans made for the erection of a handsome band stand. In October, 1908, a granite boulder was placed in the park to mark the spot where the famous Lincoln-Dffuglas debate was held just fifty years before on October 13, 1858. At a special meeting of the Quincy Boulevard and Park Association held April 16, 1903, a committee was appointed to review certain park sites, among them the twelve acres north of Riverview Park, extending from Cedar to Locust and from Second Street to the end of the bluff. It was proposed to connect this tract, if made into a park, to Riverview, by winding drives and a bridge. During the Civil war the tract named was known as Sunset Hill and had been the camping place of a num- ber of Illinois regiments. It was at first suggested that it be called ililitary Park. It enjoyed a commanding view of the river, being also about seventy-five feet further to the west, and Mr. Parker had long wanted to see it incorporated into the system of Quincy parks. The formal transfer of the property was not made until January, 1907. In 1909 the City Council voted to change the name of Sunset Heights to Parker Heights, in recognition of Mr. Parker's sernees to the city in the development of the park system. It was accordingly known by that name until 1913, when Mrs. E. J. Parker gave the tract on Cedar Creek north of Gardner Park to the city as a memorial park to be called Parker Heights. Since that time the Sun.set Hill site is known as Sunset Ilill Park. Gardner I'ark, a twenty-three acre tract of land north of Sunset Hill, which was purchased mainly by a bequest from the late Robert W. Gardner, to whom it is a memorial, was originally bought in ilay, 1908. In the fall of 1910 0. C. Simonds laid out the driveway between Sunset Hill and Gardner parks and, in- the course of its completion, constructed a massive stone bridge across Whipple Creek. It tlien became possible to drive from George Rogers Clark Terrace to River- view Park through what was then Slab Hollow, crossing through Sun- set Hill Park across Locust Street, following the curves around the hills across the new bridge over Whijjplc Creek, tlirousrh Gardner Park, Vol. 1—3 2 498 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Tiith its fine high plateau and grand views of the river, and into the grounds of the Soldiers' Home. The terrace noted gets its name from the heroic statue of George Rogers Clark, which stands on the elevated groimd south of River- view Park, and is an impressive memorial to the brave soldier who con- vinced the governor of Virginia that the Illinois Country was worth saving from foreign dominion — and saved it for the United States and posterity. It was dedicated with quite elaborate and formal cere- monies in J\Iay, 1909. The big monolith of Barre granite weighs twelve tons, and the erect figure of the statue shows the strong body of the seasoned soldier with the intellectual head of a statesman. The ground where the memorial stands was originally granted by President ilonroe to John Groves, a soldier of the War of 1812, on July 12, 1818. Parker Heights Memorial Park The first suggestion for a park north of the Burlington Railroad tracks was made in 1908, about the time that land wa.s bought for Gardner Park, when President E. J. Parker, with William Somerville and George F. Miller, made a tour of exploration through the tract north of Gardner Park along Cedar Creek. After passing over the Cramer land they came upon the eleven acres which now comprise the grounds of the City Hospital. On top of the bluffs thej' discovered three Indian mounds, part of a chain running along the high ridge to the northeast. The scenery along Cedar Creek is wonderfully strik- ing, and is perhaps the most unique and attractive stretch in the present park system. The president believed that the city would undoubtedly in time turn the hospital site over to the association for park purposes. In 1911 about ten acres were acquired east of the city property, QUIXCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 499 having a frontage of nearly 400 feet on the North Fifth Street. In the following year the buying of the Cramer tract was brought to the attention of the association, and in 1914 both properties were pur- chased by ^Irs. Parker, repaid into the treasury of the {issociation, and presented to the city, as a whole, under the name of "Parker Heights Memorial Park," in honor of her late husband. In the meantime Mr. Simonds" plans for laying out the grounds Jiad been accepted, and soon afterward the main road was constructed winding from Fifth Street to the top of the mounds. In 1909 Edgewater Park, a miniature tract near the intersection of Jersey and Front streets, on the river front, was laid out, and soon became the headejuarters of several of the city boat clubs, as well as a lounging place for tired dwellers in that part of town. Considerable discussion has been going on of late years as to the advisability of Wabash Tract, U.nce K.nhw.n Slab lk)UX)w giving special attention to the improvement of the river front as a whole, which, as it stands, is rather an unsightly stretch, and many look to see Edgewater Park as an entering wedge in the solution of the problem. In 1S49 John Wood gave a site to the city for the establishment of a public market, which was maintained for many years on the strip of land on Payson Avenue between Sixth and Seventh streets. In 1906 the old buildings were moved away and. although the land was graded and made into a neighborhood park, Daniel Wood, the oidy sur- viving son of the governor, with other more distant relatives, still held the title to the property. But in 1913 the heirs agreed to surren- der their interests to the citj- and deed the land to the municipality, or the as.sociation, with the sole proviso that it should be improved and named Wood's Park. This condition was gladly accepted. 500 . QUIXCY AND. ADAMS COUNTY For many years there was an unsightly locality on both sides of Cedar Street, between Front and Second, covered with tumble-downs and the haunts of a most disreputable class of people, which became the property of the Wabash Kailroad Company. After a long period of complaints, both verbal and through the public prints, the com- pany finally agreed to clean out the fifteen acres long known as Slab Hollow. At first it was thought that the railroad company might make a gift of the Hollow to the city for park purposes, but finally in the fall of 1910 leased it to the Quiney Boulevard and Park Association for the accomplishment of that end. About two years before this, the association had secured permission of the Wabash to use a strip across the property as a driveway connecting Riverview Park with Sunset Hill. Now the entire fifteen acres is a pretty park and breathing space for the people in that section of the city. Besides the boulevard and parks mentioned, the association has charge of the ornamental triangle in Lawndale, so much admired on account of its fine white birch trees, and Park Place, with its well planted central grounds, around which are clustered a number of hand- some residences. Of all the possible parks to be incorporated into Quiney 's already fine system none is viewed with greater interest than the proposed im- provement of the wooded island known as Towhead, which constitutes so picturesque a feature of the river front. This stretch of potential beauty, comprising thirty-two acres, has been owned by the city since 1848, the Government patent having been issued by President James K. Polk in that year. QuiNCY Cemeteries There are about a dozen beautiful homes for the dead at and near the city, adding a charm of landscape repose to the fine system of local parks and boulevards. Old Woodland Cemeterj', between Fifth Street and the river, the natural and acquired features of which have been mellowing since 1846, is the largest and most attractive, physically and historically. Its development into one of the most beautiful cemeteries of the West, and embracing over forty acres of the old Governor Wood estate, has already been traced. The tomb of the late Timothy Rogers and the Soldiers' Memorial Monument are among the structural gems of the cemetery. It is managed by the Woodland Cemetery Association, which is officered as follows: C. Lawi-ence Wells, president ; T. D. Woodruff, vice president ; S. B. Montgomery, treasurer ; Elmer E. King, secretary. Greenmount Cemetery is on South Twelfth Street, opposite South Park, and was laid out in 1875. It is managed by the association to which its name is given : Officers of the Greenmount Cemetery Asso- ciation : A. C. H. Huseman, president ; C. D. Behrensmeyer, vice president ; Henrj' Spilker, secretary ; Jacob Young, treasurer. QUIXCY AND ADAMS (OINTY 501 The Graceland Cemetery at Thirty-sixtli ami Maine streets was estal)li.slicd in January, 1895, by the Quincy Ceniotery Association. In 1901 tiie National Cemetery for the Imrial of the soldiers was moved to Graceland from Woodland Cemeten-, and is now its promi- nent feature. The officers of the Quincy Cemetery Association who manage the affairs of Graceland, are as follows: E. Beet, president; Anton Binkert, vice president; John Schauf, secretary; T. C. Poling, treasurer. The Valley of Peace is the name of the Hebrew cemetery, located near Walton Heights in the northeastern part of the city, at Thirtieth and Elm streets. Its board of directors include the following : ^Irs. Emil Davidson, president; Herman Davidson, treasurer; Mrs. A. I. Simmons, secretary. The cemetery of the Illinois Soldiers and Sailors Home is located in the northwestern part of the grounds. The Roman Catholic cemeteries include : Calvary, on Eighteenth Street ; St. Boniface, northeast corner of Twentieth and State streets and St. Peter's, on Broadway east of the city limits. The burial ground of St. Peter's is also used by the congi-egation of St. Rose of Lima. The Police of Quincy As a rule Quincy has been a law-abiding town, although, in special seasons of excitement, such as during the Mormon troubles and the slavery agitations, the place has been somewhat seething and riotous. At all times, with the backing of a vigorous and respectable citizen- ship, its police force has been adequate, as it is today. The present strength of the police force is forty-five, including a chief, clerk, police matron, two sergeants, two detectives and the patrolmen and station men. The chiefs of police, as heads of an organized department of the city machine, date from 1867, when Oliver Gerry assumed the office. His succes.sors were : John C. McGraw, 1868-9 ; Isaac Abrams, 1870 ; John C. McGraw, 1871-72; Jacob :Metz, 1873-74; Gilbert Follansbee, 1875; John A. -McDade, 1876; John C. McGraw, 1877-81; Dennis Sliney, 1882-83; Harry Hale, May to September, 1884; Henry Ording, 1884-87; A. P. O'Connor, 1888-89; John Ahern, 1890-1907; J. H. Robbins, 1908-10; George Koch, 1910-12: Peter B. Lott, 1912-14; George Koch, 1914-16; Louis N. Melton, 1917— QriNCY Work House and House op Correction The old Quincy Work House and, later, the House of Correction, have been useful and necessary adjuncts to the police department. Through them vagrants and petty criminals have been given em- 502 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ployment, the wages allowed being applied toward liquidating the fines assessed by the police magistrates, or shortening the terms of imprisonment which they are serving. The one-story stone building on Front Street, not far from the southern boundary of the city, was erected on city property, which also extended along the bluff and em- braced extensive limestone quarries. The quarries furnished much of the employment wliieh occupied the time of the prisoners. In April, 1871, the new law went into effect changing the name Work House to House of Correction. Its affairs are now generally supervised by a board of inspectors and a superintendent. The fomier consists of August Schanz (chairman), J. Will "Wall and Frank W. Crane ; the superintendent is M. C. Wittman. The plan of the present management was put in force in 1888, the new cell house being erected at that time. At that time William A. McConnell had been five years in office as superintendent, and continued to serve as such until his resignation in February, 1906. He was succeeded by G. Eberhardt, who resigned in Jauuarj^ 1918, and was followed by the present incumbent, Mr. Wittman. The number of inmates in the House of Correction does not average more than a dozen ; it is usually less. Free Public Library and Reading Room In 1837, fifteen years after the first white man settled on the site of a future town, thirteen years after the town received the name of Quincy, a number of its pioneer residents, interested in reading, contributed books from their own collections to be used as a circulat- ing library. This was the small beginning from which developed the present library work of Quincy. In 1841, these book^-lovers held a meeting in the courthouse. Maj. J. H. Holton was called to the chair, and Mr. Lorenzo Bull was chosen secretary. Capt. E. J. Phillips stated the object of the meeting was to organize a permanent library association. A com- mittee of five was appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws. These were presented and adopted on March 13, 1841. At a meeting, March 20th, over which Capt. E. J. Phillips presided, the following officers were elected: E. J. Phillips, president; Dr. J. N. Ralston, vice president; Lorenzo Bull, secretary; C. M. Woods, treasurer; Andrew Johnson, W. H. Taylor, J. R. Randolph, N. Summers, Joseph Lyman, directors. A charter of incorporation was granted to the Quincy Library Association under the Illinois State Law adopted in 1823. The library was ready for circulation April 18, 1841. It was open every Tuesday, Thui-sday, and Saturday evening, and also on Saturday afternoon. There were two classes of membership. The payment of $2.5 or a contribution of books valued at .$30 entitled one to a life membership. Stoekliolders paid $5 for each share of stock and paid an annual assessment of $2 a year. Patrons who were not stockholders paid $3 annually for the privileges of the library. The 504 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY amount derived from subscriptions was increased by receipts from winter courses of lectures given by home talent. A memorable lecture was one on magnetism and telegraphy delivered in 1844 by the Rev. George P. Giddings. At the close of the lecture Mr. Lorenzo Bull and Mr. Andrew Johnson gave a practical demonstration of the workings of the telegraph. The habitation of the library was changed several times. In 1856, it was housed in a brick building on the southwest corner of ilaine and Fourth streets. In 1859, it was transferred to the Adam Schmidt Building on Hampshire Street, west of Fifth. Later it was located in the McFadon Building ou Fifth Street be- tween Maine and Jersey. In the great temperance reform movement of 1878 a Red Ribbon Club was organized in Quincy. At a union meeting held in January, 1878, a plan for a public reading room was discussed and action taken thereon. A sufficient sum of money was contributed, a suitable place secured and equipped, and thus a free reading room was opened under the control of the Red Ribbon Club. Prominent citizens aided with liberal subscriptions, but demands for the temperance work were so numerous that the trea.sury was soon depleted. The public lost interest in supporting a movement controlled entirely by a local club, and failure of the cause seemed imminent. Recognizing these con- ditions the ladies interested in the undertaking effected a new or- ganization and secured a charter, September 6, 1878. The property of the Red Ribbon Club was transferred to this new association, and a free reading room for Quincy was established. This room was in the building at 613 Maine Street. Miss Carrie Musser was the super- intendent in charge. The officers of the free reading room were : Mrs. Sarah B. Denman, president; Mrs. James R. Dayton, first vice president; Mrs. I. 0. Woodruff, second vice president; Mrs. G. Fol- lansbee, recording secretary ; Mrs. C. H. Morton, treasurer. In March, 1879, the free reading room was removed to the Rogers Building, on the southeast comer of Sixth and Vermont streets. In May of the same year, the belongings of the Quincy Library were removed to the free reading room, and for the first time a circu- lating library was open to its subscribers each week-day. Mrs. Lucy Keyes Rutherford, a lady of unusual culture, of discriminating literary taste, of marvelous memory, and an accomplished linguist was appointed librarian. Mrs. Sarah B. Denman, one of the foremost of public spirited women in Quincy, perceiving the necessity for a permanent library endowment, offered to donate $5,000 toward such a fund, provided other generous persons would contribute $15,000 additional, thereby creating a fund of $20,000 for the maintenance of the Quincy Library. The amount was secured. The demands of the more commodious apartment, daily expense, and continued service appropriated the greater part of the income, leaving only a paltry sum for increasing the collection of books. Mr. Charles H. Bull, the president of the QriXCV AND ADAMS COINTY 505 library board, for a number of years presented the association, an- nually, a donation of $100 for the purchase of books, which, with gifts of volumes from various friends, afforded the carefully chosen additions to the library shelves. The changrc that led to the fouiidinji of the jiresent Free i'ul)lic Library and Headiu;: Kooin resulted froin a pnijiosal l)y tiie board of the Quincy Library, acted upon at a meeting of the stockholders in March, 1887. The report of the executive committee consisting of Joseph Lyman, Mrs. James R. Dayton, Lorenjio Hull, and Cicero F. Perrj-, was presented and adopted. This committee proposed that the (Juincy Library and Free Reading Room u.se their united funds to buy grounds and erect and ecjuip a permanent building for a free public library and reading room, on condition that the city agree by ordinance to appropriate not less than $5,000 annually toward the maintenance of the combined institutions. The city promptly ac- cepted this proposition as set forth in Ordinance No. 60, approved by James M. Bishop, mayor. It was estimated that the property, includ- ing the lot to be bought, would amount to approximately $25,000. But through the unexpected generosity of leading citizens, the lot on the southwest corner of Fourth and Elaine streets was bought at a cost of over $12,000, and donated for a librarj- building. Other citizens contributed to the building fund, making the value of the property over $40,000. This property was leased to the City of Quincy for a term of ninety-nine years by the directors of the Quincy Librarj- : James N. Sprigg, George W. Brown, Lorenzo Bull, Cicero F. Perry, Edmund B. i\Iontgomery, Frederick W. Jlcycr, Robert "W. Gardner, Cornelia A. Collins. The corner stone of the present building was laid with imposing ceremonies on May 31, 1888. Pupils of the public and parochial schools marched, accompanied by their teachers and pastors. The principal speakers were Mr. Lorenzo Bull, representing the Quincy Librarj', and Mrs. James R. Daj'ton, representing the Free Reading Room, of which she had been president for nine years. The 5,000 volumes belonging to the Quincy Library were transferred to the new library building. The Free Reatling Room Association contributed their furniture, books, periodicals, and bequests of monej'. The library was opened to the public on June 24. 1889. The officers and members of the board of directors were: Charles H. Bull, presi- dent ; Dr. Joseph Robbins, vice president ; Chester A. Babcock, secre- tary; Herman Heidbreder, treasurer; Mrs. Sarah B. Dayton, Mrs. Anna S. Woods, Miss Louisa M. Robbins, Dr. Michael Rooney, Theo- dore C. Poling, directors. As the years went on the librarj- so increa.sed in favor that its permanent support was assured. A transfer to the city of the title to the librarj' property vested in the Quincy Library Association was made in 1908 by Dr. Edmund B. Montgomery and Judge Cicero F. Pcrrj', the onlj- surviving members of the trustees of the asso- ciation. 506 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The library at the present time, 1918, has ou its shelves 40,000 volumes, classified as follows: History, biogi-aphy, travel, 8,750; sciences, fine and useful arts, 4,700, including a technical library of 1,000 volumes; poetry, drama, and essays, 3,750; philosophy and religion, 1,550 ; dictionaries, cyclopedias, reference books, 2,000 ; peri- odicals and newspapers, 6,700; Government and State publications, 1,500; fiction— adult and juvenile— 9,900 ; foreign languages, 1,150 volumes. The circulation for 1917 was 187,453 volumes. The picture collection, increased by art-loving friends, contains 6,600 mounted prints. The musical department is well supplied with works on the history and theory of music. A good collection of standard and popular music is in constant use. For the past six yeai-s the collection of books ou mechanical and industrial arts has occupied a room adjoining the main reading room on the second floor of the building. This arrangement permits to those desirous of information on these subjects the use of these books every day and evening in the week, including Sunday. When the library building was erected, a children 's room was un- known in library structures. While the space is inadequate for a children 's room, still an apartment on the main floor is devoted to the shelving and the distributing of juvenile books. The work for this department appealed much to Mrs. James R. Dayton, member of the boards of both the Quincy Library and the Free Reading Room. Miss Cornelia A. Collins, whose mother left a generous gift to the Free Reading Room, emulated in her time the same thoughtfuluess, in bequeathing $500 to the children's department of the Free Public Library. The most prominent feature of the institution is the large and well selected collection of reference books. The establishment of this de- partment was due mainly to the firm stand taken by Dr. Joseph Rob- bins before any purchase of books was made for the library. This department had also the warm support of Alderman Samuel Harrop, a director from 1890-1898, who, on the last day of his life, left a bequest of $200 as a fund for the purchase of reference books. Mrs. Anna S. Woods, the only director in continual sei-vice since 1877, has been unceasing in her interest and work for this important factor in the educational opportunities of the city. The first directors were fortunate in securing the services of Mr. Arthur Wellington Tyler (1889t-1892), a librarian of wide experience, in organizing the library and cataloging its contents ; Mr. James W. Gallaher (1892-1894), a well-known newspaper man of extensive read- ing, succeeded Mr. Tyler; Mr. John Grant Moulton (1894-1898), a graduate of Harvard University, and of the New York Library School, builded on the foundation already laid, enlarging the various depart- ments and establishing methods which are still continued ; Miss Eliza- beth B. Wales (1898-1902), of the Library School of the University QUIXCY AND ADAMS COL'XTY 507 of Illinois, had much executive ability aud origiuality in technical work; Miss Margaret Kingier, profited by the training of her pre- decessors, and now successfully continues the work of supplying the numerous needs of the reading puljlic. The increasing influence of the library is largely due to the in- terest and efficiency of its presidents: Mr. Charles 11. Bull (1887- 1905), persistent in carrying out his ideals of a high standard in management: Dr. J. U. Shawgo (1903-1911), zealous in the mainte- nance of the institution and quick to respond to any emergency. At present the library is prosperous under the judicious care and clear foresight of the president, jMr. Homer M. Swope. The library derives its revenue from an annual library tax of approximately seven-tenths of a mill. It is governed by a board of directors of nine members, appointed by the mayor and holding office for three years. The present officers are : Homer ^1. Swope, presi- dent; Dr. L. II. A. Nickerson, vice president; ^Ii-s. Constance E. Ellis, secretary; Mrs. Anna S. "Woods, Miss Ella Randall, Rev. John P. Breunan, W. H. ilcMein, Rev. H. J. Leemhuis, RoUand M. Wagner, directors. The library staff consists of Miss Margaret Ringier, librarian ; Miss Lenore Wall, deputy librarian ; !Miss Emma J. Christ, Miss May Quinlivan, Miss Katherine Kolkei", assistants; Malcolm Eddy, page; A. B. Ording, janitor. QuiNCY Gas, Electric and Heating Company The foundation of the system devoted to the administration and development of the public utilities implied in the title to the company above named was laid in the operation of the old Quincy Gas Light & Coke Company of 1853. The items comprising its early histon- have been recorded, including the introduction of illuminating gas to the people of Quincy. Gov. John Wood was the first president of the old company and Thomas Pratt, superintendent and manager. The latter was soon succeeded by William H. Corley, who held the office until his death in 1875. From that year until 1898 the superin- tendency was held by A. W. Littleton, and he in turn by H. E. Chubbuck. The Thomson-Houston Electric Light & Power Company was or- tranized in 1882, with Col. W. W. Bern,' as president, and continued in business until consolidated with the other lighting plants in Quincy by the McKinley interests in 1898. Besides the plant of the Quincy Gas Light & Coke Company, which was of considerable size, there was the smaller one of the Empire Light & Power Company, which, for three years, had been under the management of W. 11. Shannon, the founder and president, and of his son, H. 0. Shannon, superintendent and manager. All of these interests were merged into the Quincy Gas & Elec- 508 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY trie Company, which was, in turn purchased (in 1903) by J. T. Lynn and associates of Detroit, with Mr. Lynn as president and H. 0. Shannon as manager. They still hold these positions on the board of the Quincy Gas, Electric & Heating Company. Dr. J. H. Rice has also continued as vice president and V. N. Gurney as secretary. "Walter W. Perkins, the secretary of 1903, has been displaced by A. L. Wilkinson. Since the consolidation, numerous extensions and improvements have been made. These include a large concrete coke bin and coal shed, a gas holder of 500,000 feet capacity, and a water gas jet capable of producing a million feet daily. There are now seventy-three miles of street mains, two high-pressure lines running from the works to nearly 12,000 patrons in different districts of the city. Approxi- mately, the number of consumers is thus divided : Gas patrons, 7,200 : electric, 3,800; electric power, 284; steam heating, 240. The value of the plant and distributing system is about $4,000,000. Local Systems of Transportation The local transportation system of Quincy originated in the char- ter which the Legislature granted to the Horse Railway and CaiTying Company in February, 1865, by which that corporation should have the exclusive privilege of operating horse railways in the city for a term of fifty years. The original incorporators were Charles A. Savage, James W. Pitman, Onias C. Skinner, Isaac C. Woodruff, Hiram S. Byington and Nehemiah Bushnell (president). In 1867 the first section of the proposed section was built. It was about a mile and a third in length, extending from Sixth and Maine, out North Fifth Street. In May, 1869, a company was formed consisting of Lorenzo Bull, president ; E. K. Stone, superintendent ; Charles H. Bull, 0. H. Browning and the heirs of Nehemiah Bushnell, as parties in interest. Soon afterward the lines were constructed leading out Maine Street from Sixth to the Fair Grounds, about two miles axid a quarter, and north from Maine on Twentieth, one mile (the Highland line). Substantial buildings for the car house and stables were erected on Twentieth and Maine. These lines, with their extensions, were credit- ably operated for a period of twenty-four years, before their motive power (mules) was replaced by electricity. They are always de- scribed, however, as "horse "-power lines. Electricity came in on New Year's day of 1891, and in 1898 the McKinley Syndicate secured control of the entire system. For a num- ber of years the extensions made by the new owners were continuous and quite extensive. They included the construction of lines on South Fourth and on Broadway and the extension to the Soldiers' Home grounds. The McKinley people also added materially to the extent and quality of the rolling stock, built a car barn at Twentieth and Hampshire, with steam heating plant to supply the office and waiting QUINCY AND ADAMS COl'NTY 509 room at Twentieth and Maine streets, and increa-sed tlie operating power of the system by installing a Corliss engine and other ma- chinery. The electric lines as operated in (^uiney are well managed both mechanically and financially, aud are invaluable public utilities and comfortable conveniences. CHAPTER XIII LITERARY, REFORMATORY AND CHARITABLE The Quincy Her.\ld — The Quincy Whig — Quincy Germania — The QuiNCY Journal — L^vbor Publications — Other Publications — Quincy Press Club — The Friends in Council — The Round Table — The Atlantis Club — The Study and Tuesday Study Clubs — Quincy Women's Forum — Three Arts Club — Quincy Historical Society — Centenni.\l Celebrations — Women's Christian Temperance Union — The Assocl\ted Charities — The Cheerful Home Settlement — Young Men's Christian Asso- CL\Ti0N — Quincy Humane Society and Henry P. W^vlton — Young Women's Christian Association — Daughters of the American Revolution — Adams County Red Cross CHiVPTER — Homes and Hospitals — First Orphanage op Quincy — The Wood- land Home — St. Vincent Home for the Aged — St. Mary 's, the First Hospitai. — Lindsay Church Home — The Blessing Hos- piTMr — The Anna BRO^vN Home — Old People's Home (Das Al- tenheim) — Detention Home. Probably no city of its size in Illinois has been the center of a more active and productive intellectual and philanthropic life than Quincy. This has been so shot with the elements of both radicalism and conservatism as to have a wide and strong influence on state and national thought. The Quincy newspapers and the local leaders in the higher activities gave the city an early standing as a forum for debate and agitation of the Mormon and Slavery questions, in which both sides to the controversies might be assured ' ' fair play, ' ' if they violated no law themselves. During the period of the Civil war Quincy was a most important strategic point both in the military operations against the Confederacy, as well as in the vigorous fight waged by the press of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Its newspapers were among the pioneers of the West and they have never lost their youthful vitality and persistency either in attack or defense. The same may be said of Quincy 's literarj^ and reformatory clubs, its charitable movements and institutions, chiefly founded, main- tained and developed by its high-minded and cultured women. The Friends in Council is the oldest literary and social club of women in the West and the famous Sorosis, of New York, is the only organiza- tion of the kind which antedates it in the United States. 510 QULNCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 511 The Quincy Herald The Herald represents the direct successor of the first newspaper to be established in Adams County and one of the pioneer ventures of the kind in the ilississippi Valley. Its original progenitor, the founder of the tribe of newspapers in this section of the state, was the Bountj' Land Register, first issued April 17, 1835, to advertise the merits (only) of the 3,500,000 acres of public lands in the state be- tween the Illinois and the Mississippi rivers allotted to the soldiers of the War of 1812. This comprehended about three-fifths of the entire tract, and it was decreed by Congress that no land should be sold by the Government lying in the section named until all lx)unties to the soldiers should be paid. The Bounty Land Register therefore had a large task before it. Its columns were devoted to descriptions of the beauties and jjractical values of the bounty lands, and it carried all kinds of advertisements, including those noting delinquent land sales in Knox, Fulton and Hancock counties. Later, of course, with more general settlements and the establishment of newspapers in the adjacent counties, the character of the Register became changed and, while its business sphere was contracted, its news and editorial scope was broadened. As the early files of the Register were destroyed by fire, the authority for the date of its first issue rests upon the testi- mony of Capt. Henry Asbury in his "Reminiscences." The original publishers of the Bounty Land Register were C. M. ^Yoods and Dunbar Aldrich, who were both practical printers, as- sisted in the editorial department by Judge Richard Young. At the time it was issued, there were two other newspapers published in Illinois — the Springfield Journal, the first number of which appeared Xovember 10, 1831, and the Galena Gazette, established in 1834. On November 15, 1836, one week after the election of ]Martin Van Buren as President of the United States, the paper was transferred to John H. Pettit, of Cincinnati, and became the Quincy Argus and Illi- nois Bounty Land Register. Editor Pettit immediately got busy and declared that in ten years Quincy would be the largest city in the Mississippi Valley with the exception of St. Louis; but, although it did double within the decade. Galena and Dubuque had forged ahead of it, and St. Paul and Minneapolis were just getting into view as straggling villages with rather jidiculous ambitions. In 1841, after laboring along for nearly five years under the burden of its name, the Quincy Argus and Bounty Land Register was changed in title to simply. The Herald. It was first issued as a daily paper in 1850. Since The Herald became a daily paper in the middle of the last century, the paper has taken the leadership in the forming of the opinion of the community on the many momentous questions which have come before the country and particularly before the people of Quincy and Adams County. During this time also the ownership has changed many times and with almost every transfer of owner- 512 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ship there came also a change in editorial control. One of the most famous of the editors of The Herald during the early years of its existence as a daily paper was xVustin Brooks whose editorial expres- sions made him and his paper widely quoted throughout the country. The Quincy Herald Company was incorporated on June 25, 1S90, by the three men who previously had been partners in its ownership, George E. Doying of Jacksonville, William H. Hinrichsen of Quincy, and Warren Case of Quincy. Shortly after the forming of the cor- poration, the stock was sold to Mrs. Ida R. Morris, whose sons, Isaac N. and Joseph R. Morris, were placed in charge of the paper's business and editorial management. The Morris brothers held the stock of the company about a year and on September 23, 1891, the ownership of the companj' was taken over by Charles L. Miller, Edmund M. Bots- ford and Hedley J. Eaton, all of Rockford, Illinois. Ever since the purchase of the paper by these three men The Herald has grown steadily in influence, journalistic standards and material equipment. Mr. Miller remained in Quincy but a short time and on his return to Rockford the editorial direction of the paper was taken over by Ed- mund il. Botsford. Mr. Eaton was the business manager. These two men remained as the active managers of The Herald almost a quarter of a century. Mr. Eaton and Mr. Botsford retired from active par- ticipation in the management of the paper several years ago, but Mr Eaton personally and Mr. Botsford 's estate still retain important financial holdings in the corporation. Mr. Botsford died January 8, 1918, after many years of unusual usefulness as a leader in the form- ing of the opinion of the community. In 1909 Ray M. Oakley, who had learned the Herald thoroughly by many years of experience in the business office of the company, was admitted as a member of the corporation. In 1914 Charles F. Eichenauer, who likewise had served a thorough apprenticeship in the editorial rooms, also became a stockholder and officer of the com- pany. The present officers of The Quincy Herald Company are: Charles P. Eichenauer, president; Hedley J. Eaton, vice president; Ray JI. Oakley, secretary and trea.surer. John D. Eaton, who was treasurer of the company for several years and still retains an in- terest in it, is serving in the army of the United States at the present time. The men active in the management of the paper are Ray M. Oakley, who is the business manager, and Charles F. Eichenauer, who is the managing editor. The present stockholders are Hedley J. Eaton, the E. M. Botsford estate, Mrs. Carolina Botsford, Ray M. Oakley. Charles F. Eichenauer, John D. Eaton, and ilrs. Katherine Botsford Gay. Two important events in the history of The Herald are the change from a morning to an evening newspaper on June 19, 1893, and moving in 1907 from an old and inadequatelj' equipped office to the present complete home of its own on "Herald Square" on Fifth and Jersey streets, a building unique in architecture which, with its QLIXCV AM) ADA.MS (OIXTV 513 beautiful lawn, is oni- of the down town attractions of tlic (.-ity. The c'luipuiont ineludes six of tlie latest improved typesetting machines and a Goss perfecting press having a capacity for thirty-two pages. The Qlincy Whig The fii-st number of the Quiiicy Wlii^ was issued May ">, 1838, with Maj. II. V. Sullivan as proprietor and i)ul)lislier and N. Bushnell and A. Johnson, two young lawyers, as editors. In the following August, S. M. Rartlett. who had previdusly edited a paper at Galena, as.so- eiated himself with Major Sullivan as a partner and sole editor, and thus continued until his death on September 6, 1851, at the age of thirty-eipht years. John T. Morton purehaseil the interest of the deccaseil partner and editor, and the tirm of .Morton & Sullivan con- ducted the paper until 1854, when Henrj' Young as.soeiated himself with Major Sullivan. The first Daily Whig was issued March 22, 1852, as a six-column sheet. On the death of Mr. Young in 1855, V. Y. Ralston assumed the interest of the former, and Jlorton & Ralston eonduetod the business until August, 1856, when F. S. Giddings be- came a copartner, but both he and Mr. Ralston retired in the follow- ing year. In March, 1858, the Quincy Republican, which had iieen in ex- istence about a year, was absorbed by the Whig, and ilorton & Dallam (F. A.), Mr. Dallam formerly proprietor of the Republican, conducted the consolidated newspaper, as the Whig and Republican until the following year. In the fall of 1860 ;\Ir. Dallam withdrew. James J. Langdon was part, or sole proprietor from 1860 to 1868, the evening paper being first issued April 9, 1860. Charles Holt obtained a half int^-re-st in June. 1864. and in the spring of 1868 Messrs. Hailhache & Phillips purchased the business and plant, engaging Paul Selby as editor. It came out as a morning ]iaper in October of that year. In May, 1860. the property was transferred to the Quincy Whig Company, Mr. Bailhachc continuing as business manager and Mr. Selb.v as editor, until October of that year. From October, 1869, to June, 1871, Gen. John Tillson was editor-in-chief of the Whig, and from that time until February, 1873, -Mr. Selby acted as editor and manager. Porter Smith came into possession during February, 1873, and in the following month the Whig dropped its morning edition and resumed its evening issue. On January 1, 1874. Daniel Wilcox, one of the former publishers of the Milwaukee Sentinel, pnrcha.scd the Whig and subsequently his two sons. C. A. and David F. Wilcox, were re- ceived into i)artnership. At the death of the senior proprietor May 19, 1878, the latter liecame owners and publishers. X. 0. Perkins had been managing editor since January, 1874. In July. 18!)8, .Messrs. Wilcox sold to a stock company, Louis F. Schaefer becoming business manager and II. JI. McMein. managing editor. In October of that year Robert Ransom and John H. Kills bought the stock of the company, and in February, 18J;), the latter Vol. 1—33 514 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY became sole proprietor. He continued as such until his death in March, 1903. From that time until the sale of the publication to the present owners, the Whig Company, Mrs. Anna M. Ellis, widow of John B., was continuously its president and the publisher of the paper. The editorship of the Whig during most of the time from its pur- chase in 1899 until the transfer to the present owners in December, 1915, was held by Perry C. Ellis. Mr. Ellis resigned in 1911 to establish the Mississippi Valley Magazine, now the Mississippi Valley Farm News. He was succeeded by William C. Pringle as editor, who held the chair for about two years, when he was succeeded by Arthur Jl. Brown, who retired about the time the present management as- sumed ownership. The Whig Company, as now constituted, consists of the following: A. 0. Lindsay, president and manager; R. C. Par- rish, secretary; E. B. Kuesink, treasurer; Robert Switzer, managing editor. The Quincy Germ.\nia The Quincy Germania, wJiich publishes both a daily and a weekly edition, was established in 1874 as the successor of the Westliehe Press and Tribune. Its editor was Dr. G. C. Hof¥man and he con- tinued as such until his death January 4, 1888, when he was suc- ceeded by Henry Bornmann who had been his assistant editor. Mr. Bornmann continued as such for many years. In 1895 Fred C. Klene succeeded Henry Ording, Jr., as business manager, and still holds that position. The Quincy Journal The Quincy Journal was founded September 11, 1883, by Hiram N. Wheeler. In 1889 the owners of the Journal purchased the Quincy News, which was consolidated with the Journal. Mr. Wheeler continued as publisher, editor and owner of the Journal until his death, September 3, 1916. According to his will the Journal was placed in the hands of trustees to manage for their heirs. Mr. Wheeler, the founder of the publication, began his newspaper career in 1871, as correspondent of the Elgin (111.) Advocate; in 1871 and 1872 was correspondent of the Chicago Tribune; in 1873, with two others, he purchased the St. Charles (111.) Transcript and changed its name to the Northern Granger and in 1875 to the St. Charles Leader; in 1878 he moved the Leader to Elgin and made it a daily. In 1881 Mr. Wheeler edited the Pekin Times and later in the same year came to Quincy and, with Frank Mc^laster, bought the Quincy Herald. Later he sold the Herald, and established the Journal in 1883. He was recognized as a fearless newspaper writer, always leaving his impress on the papers he edited. t^riNX'Y AM) ADAMS (OINTV 515 Labor Publications Tlie Journal of liulustry, published ami edited i).v Ficd 1'. Taylor since 1885, when he established it, is the veteran in this field. The Quiney Labor News wa.s founded in lSfi;{. ^V. H. IlnlTiiian purchased it in November, 18'J7, and in the following January was incorporated the HolTman Printing Company. The Labor Advocate was established a number of years ag^ by II. L'. Distelhorst, and is still owned and nianafrcd by the family. Clarence Obrock is its editor. Other Publications A. Otis Arnold issues a number of publications from his print- ing plant, of which he is sole proprietor. These include the Poultry Keeper, the Record (established in 1897), the Home Instructor and the Illinois Farmer. Perry C. Ellis publishes and edits the .Mississippi Valley Maga- zine, which he founded in 1911, and the Farm News, now the official medium of the Adams Comity P'arin Improvement Association, which he established in 1!)15. The Reliable Poultry Journal was established in March, 1894, and has been continuously published by an incorporated company under that name (the Reliable Poultry Journal Publishing Company). The officers of the corporation are as follows: Dr. 0. II. Crandall, presi- dent ; F. L. Bradford, vice president, secretary and treasurer. QuiNCY Press Club In connection with the local newspapers, noteriods of its more than fifty years of life and work, fourteen literary and social a.ssoeiations of women in other sections of the United States have become Friends in (^ouncil : and the name seems to have Ikk-ohic a talisman for congeniality, efficiency and perinaneney. The Quincy Iwdy has a special claim to historical distinction, as in 1878 it occupied a pretty little building in the garden of a resident 516 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of the cit.y (]\Irs. Sarah A. Denniaii), which represented the first elub house owned by a women's organization in the United States. The origin of the Quincy Friends in Council dates from November 16, 1866, when twelve ladies met at the residence of ilrs. Denman on Broadway for the purpose of reading "The History of the Rise and Influence of Rationalism in Europe," by Leeky. This course of six- teen weeks was followed by the reading and discussion of Lydia M. Child's "Progress of Religious Ideas," and subsequently Plato, Epictetus and other world-famed authors had their weeks of studj- and absorption. It became evident that the society had vitality, and on February 16, 1869, eighteen of the members met in the Quincy Female Seminary to formally organize under the name, Friends in Council. In the spring, meetings were held in Mr. Denman 's office and later in the library of the seminary. Even before the organiza- tion had been formally effected, the spirit of tolerance and a liberality of attitude toward diverse opinions, had been naturally developed among the members, and no society ever adopted a name which better expressed this Christian viewpoint. The courses of study, as faith- fully followed from year to year, were so broad in their scope that it would be impossible to review them in this sketch. The active membership is limited to thirty-five, and it is alwaj's full. The doors of Friends in Council were three times opened to admit the Angel of Death, during the first decade of its existence. Mrs. Susan Strong Dow passed from earth on New Year's day of 1872. Mrs. Eliza A. Paullin died on March 3, 1876, and Mrs. Louise N. Robbins on the 16th of the same month. The latter had held the office of treasurer of the society for a number of years. For thirty-seven years the Friends in Council met in their club house in Mrs. Denman 's garden. In 1882, four years after taking possession of their pretty home, its donor and the founder of the club passed from the earthly sight of her friends. In May. 1915, the elub house, which had to be moved, was placed on the grounds of the Historical Society as a suitable building to be thus honored. The Friends in Council became a regularly incorporated body under the laws of the state on August 26, 1875. An impoi'tant event which occurred in 1895 should be recorded. At that time, in accord with the recommendation of the General Federation of "Women's Clubs, Friends in Council adopted as the date of its founding November 16, 1866, instead of 1869. when the society was formally organized. This was held by the Federation in harmonj' with the methods of reckoning followed by other clubs. On October 5, 1915, a reunion was held in the dear old club house which had been safely moved to the grounds of the Historical Society, comprising the historic Wood estate. Upon that occasion gifts wei"e made in memory of early members, congratulations from absent ones were read, and in an hour of happy social communion the building was re-dedicated. In the following year, which marked the golden anniversary of the birth of the society, a beautiful bronze tablet, the Sak.mi Atwatku Denman 518 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY gift of absent friends, commemorating the year when the club house was presented to Friends in Council by Sarah Atwater Denman, as well as that in which it was founded, was placed upon the building. Commencing with 1866, ilrs. Sarah Denman served as pi-esident of the Friends in Council for a period of five years ; Mrs. C. H. Bull, two years; Mrs. Mary J. Sellby, Mrs. Almira Morton, Mrs. Helen Parker, Mrs. Agnes Baldwin and 'Sirs. Cornelia Marsh, one year each ; Mrs. Anna B. McMalean, six years ; Miss Mary Burgess, two years ; Mrs. J. R. Wallace, one year ; Mrs. S. H. Dana, six years ; Mrs. Edward J. Parker, three years; Miss Maiy Ball, two years; Mrs. J. S. Bacon, two years; Mrs. William McFadow, Miss Julia Deane, Mrs. C. A. Babcock, I\Irs. J. W. Emery, Miss Jane Fisk, Mrs. George Janes and Mrs. Rosalind B. Hammitt, one year each ; Mrs. Frank Crane, two First Woman's Club House in America years; Mrs. George Cottrell and .Mrs. Robert White, one year each; aijd Mrs. Edward Fawcett, three years. The Round Table Balzac said that when man had civilized all else, woman would be the last to be civilized by him. On the fifth day of May, 1880, a coterie of women, who were looking forward to high things, as well as the betterment of themselves, and realizing, according to the famous French author, what a heavy responsibility rested upon man, felt that it was time to divide the burden with him. They therefore met in the club room of the Friends in Council, under the direction of Miss Chapin, for many years a faithful teacher in Quincy, and or- ganized the Round Table. The club idea was then in its infancy and to most of the women the work they were called upon to do was quite new. The original plan was for study and mental culture, rather than QUIN'CY AND ADAMS COINTV 519 for the development of woniaii as a practical power l)cliind the great movements which are agitating and directing the world. The earlier years were devoted to the stnd.v of history, art and literature: some- times with a text book as guide. The constitution of the Initcd States and American inventions were taken up; Thackery's "Henry Esmond" and its sc(|ucl. the "Virginians," including the Englisii history of that period and the colonial days of America. The e.xjjan- sion of America, of Greece and the Greeks, was di.scus.sed and elabor- ated; years of delightful travel were taken through the courses offered, and modern literature was jjroffcred in all its phases. While the Round Table is still a literary club, as the years have pas.sed it has assumed to do its share in handling affairs which concern the practical matters of the day, and its committees on music, education, piiilan- thropy and household economics work along their respective lines in connection with the policies of the State Federation. Travelling li- braries have been sent to some of tiie outlying schools that were far distant from the public library. The membership of the Round Table is limited to thirty-five (actual membership, thirty-three). Of that nundier ilrs. W. H. Govert is a charter member. The presidents of the club, in succes- sion, have been Mi's. David Wilco.x, ]Mrs. George Wells. Jliss Carrie Burge-ss, Jlrs. Seymour Castle, :\Irs. W. L. Willis, Mrs. W. II. Govert. Mrs. W. S. Flack, Mrs. Henry Hatch, Mrs. J. A. Philbrick, Mrs. James Parkins, ]\Iiss Cora Briiiton, Mis.s Jennie McClelland, Jlrs. Charles Demick, Mrs. jrarcellus Kirtley, Jlrs. W. II. Alexander. Miss Louisa Robbins. Mrs. J. :\I. Welch, ilrs. J. H. Clark, :Mrs. E. J. Taylor, Mrs. W. H. Govert and Mrs. C. A. Cox. The secretaries: Miss Helen Wil- liamson, :\Irs. Charles Pratt, Mrs. W. L. Willis, :Mrs. W. H. Powcn. Miss Cora Brinton, Miss Jennie Gatchell, Mrs. Helen Tunier, Jliss Mary Jarrett, Miss Jennie McClelland. ]\rrs. Charles Dimick. Mrs. James Parkins. Miss Ollie Ncwland, ]\Irs. Elmer Cham]), Mi-s. Carl Knittel, Mrs. C. II. .\llard, Mrs. F. M. Pendleton and ilrs. J. L. Thoma.s. The present meeting jtlace of the Round Table is the third story tower room of the public library. The Atl.\ntis Club The organization of the Atlantis was the result of a happy thought of the late Jlrs. Sarah Penman, of Quincy, who called a meeting at the rooms of the Fh-iciids in Council on January 16, 1880. Thirty- three ladies were pre.sent to form the Atlantis Club for "mutual im- provement." The motto "Do thy work and reinforce thyself" has appeared upon its progrannne books year after y<-ar, and has ever been an unfailing inspiration. The Atlantis presidents have been as follows: Mrs. Charlos W. Keyes. Miss Alice Dayton. Mrs. Anna S. Woods, Mrs. Anna L. Parker. Mrs. Susan Tibbctts. Mrs. Carrie S. Castle, Mrs. Aimie F. Guinan, Mrs. E. F. Bradford, Mrs. L.-ila K. "White, Miss Ida C. Stewart, iMrs. L. B. Boswell, Mrs. Anne .1. Wood. 520 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Miss Mary E. Stone, Mrs! G. P. Behrensmeyer, Mrs. E. M. Botsforcl, Mrs. G. A. Wall, Mrs. Myra Wilcox Shawgo. The membership of the club is limited to thirty-five, there generally being a waiting list. The subjects of study have had a wide range, embracing a course in modern science and especially the discoveries and developments since the early '80s. Then followed physical geography and poetry, topical history, mental physiology, Shakespeare's ti'agedies, the classic drama, and a year each of George Eliot, Victor Hugo and Robert Browning ; a study of government, followed by French art, two years ; the Nineteenth Century American Literature ; France, two years ; Russia, the Orient, English History and Chronicle, Plays of Shake- speare, three j-ears. These courses were followed by six years of English literature, modern European drama and a study of the Old Testament as literature, and the present year's study of Latin America. The Study Club The Study Club of Quincy was formed about 1891, at the home of Mrs. F. T. Hill on Broadway. That has continuously been the meeting place. The organization has always been a parlor club, with never more than a dozen members, and it has confined its work to the study of history, art and literature. The founder and first presi- dent of the club was Mrs. Heni-y Root, the wife of Mrs. Hill's father. Its second president was Mrs. John M. Glover; its third, Mrs. W. L. Vandeventer; its fourth, ilrs. Aleck Sholl, and its fifth and last, Mrs. F. T. Hill, who is now serving her twenty-first year. The first vice president is Mrs. D. F. (Emma H.) Wilcox; the second \ace president, Mrs. A. W. (Helen E.) Turner; secretary and treasurer, Mrs. T. D. (Frances E.) Woodruff. Besides the meetings for study, the club always has two picnics — one indoors, during January or February, and one out-of-doors in June. The Tuesd.vy Study Club This organization was effected in 1910. and for six years was known as the Study Club Junior. During that period Mrs. Mui'phy served as president, Mrs. Sophia T. Sullivan as vice president and Miss jMary L. Shultheis as secretary. In 1916 the name was changed to the Tuesday Study Club. Mrs. Sullivan served as president from 1916 to 1917, with Mrs. A. H. Sohm as vice president and Miss Helen Shultheis as secretary. From 1917 to 1918 Mi's. A. H. Sohm served as president, with Mrs. Frank Alexander as vice president and ilrs. Sullivan as secretary. The membership is limited to twelve. The object of the club is study, as well as general improvement along the practical lines which net the lives of modern women. During the period of its existence the members have devoted their time to Qri.XCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 521 the study of history, art and literature of various eountries, including Egrypt, Japan, Iniiia, France and the United States. QuiNCY Women's Forum A few enthusiastic women met iu the Chamber of Commerce rooms on April 7, 1916, and appointed Mrs. Anna Jarrett Wood temporary chairman of the orjraiiization, after which was discussed the (jucstion "Shall we have a women's organization?" A motion to that ettVct was finally carried unanimously, subsequently the constitution and by-laws of the "Quincy Women's Forum" was adopted and (May lltlil the folldwinfi officers were elected: President, Mrs. Anna Wood ; vice president, Miss Julia Sibley : recording secretary, Mrs. Ray Oakley; corresponding seeretar.v. Miss Helen Osborn ; treasurer, Mrs. Dan Hoover. As stated in its constitution, the primary object of the Forum "shall be the study of ])ul)lic issues." The courses are divided into the dc])artnients of civics, legislation, education, social and industrial, and ]iiirliainentary law, each department under the direction of a chairman. It was resolved to hold the meetings in the Chamber of Commcrc<^ rooms. \o changes in the original officers have occurred except in the secretaryships, Mrs. Lefiingwell succeeding Miss Osborn as corresponding secretary in 1917, and Mrs. John F. Garner, following Mrs. Oakley as recording seeretarj- in 1918. Three Art Clubs The youngest organization effected by tlic women of Quincy is the Three Arts Club, formed in September, 1916. ^lusic, Art and Litera- ture are the subjects embraced in its coui-ses, which are outlined bj' Dr. W. W. Lauder. The membership of the club is limited to eighteen, and its meetings are lield in St. Mary's Academy. Miss Helen ITcintz is president of the dub; .Mrs. Rudolj)h, vice president; Miss Coletta Jochem, secretary-trea.surer. Quincy Historic.vl Society This society was organized by Rev. S. H. Emery and Thomas Pope, in the rooms of the Young Men's Business A.ssociation, on Tuesday evening, October 6, 1896, with sixty members. The officers were a-s follows: President. Lorenzo Bull; first vice president, James Wood- ruff; second vice president, E. B. Hamilton; recording secretary, T. M. Rogers; corresponding secretary, S. H. Emery, Jr.; treasurer, Edward C. Wells; auditor, Chaiuicy II. Castle; librarian, J. G. Moul- ton : historiographer, W. II. Collins. At the first meeting W. A. Rich- ardson and Joseph W. Emery were appointed a committee to secure a room for the use of the society in the ])ublic library building. It was decided to hold the meetings (luartcrly and fix the dues at $1 a year and ii'lO for a life membership. Later the constitution and by-laws were revised making the life membership $25. s 6 o m o S S o g 3 Q o (^UIXCV AM) ADAMS COrXTY 523 In 1906 the society purchased the old home of Govi-riior Wood on State Street, erected in 1835; afterward adding surrounding ground until now it is an ideal place for such an organization, llandsoitie memorial tablets have been put in for pioneer citizens to the number of nearly 300. with more to follow. The house is filled with old colonial furniture, among the pieces a s])irinet made in London by Astor in the eighteenth century; and the desk used l]y John (^uincy Adams when President of the United States. The visitors' twok has naines of person.s from all over the world, so popular has this historical old mansion become. There are many fine paintings in the building, jiortraits of prominent citizens long gone to their reward. The membership varies from two to three hundred, made up largely of representative i)eople of the city and county. The house contains many relics of by-gone grandeur and splendor. The present officers are as follows: President, J. W. Emery; first vice president, Henry Bornmann ; second vice president. Miss Louise Maertz; recording secretary, Miss Julia Sibley; eori-esijondiiii: sec- retary, iliss Mary Bull; treasurer, Jlrs. E. J. Parker; auditor, E. F. Bradford; librarian, Capt. W. IL Gay; historiographer, W. A. Rich- ardson. Centenni.vl Cei.ebr.vtion In connection with things historical, even as they relate to Adams County, is the committee appointed by the Illinois Centennial Commis- sion to take charge of the celebration in Quiney and Adams County. In Februarj-, 1918, eight sub-eominittces were appointed, with Judge S. B. Montgomery as general chairman and the following heading the sub-committees : Finance, JIaj. James E. Adams; history, William A. Richardson; fraternal organizations and clubs, Truman T. Pier.son; churches, Mrs. T. D. Woodruff; schools, John A. Steiner; county organization. Judge Lyman MeCarl ; fall celebration, William A. Pfeiffcr; publicity, William A. Jackson. The celebration in Adams Comity commenced on February 12th, Lincoln's birthday. Superintendents Steiner and Gill took the matters of that feature in hand, and every school in the city and county had speakers and cxerci.ses a])i)ropriate to the occasion. Thus early in the year did every family in Adams County realize that 1918 was the centennial year of Illinois statehood. To the working force represented by the committees named was added a vice president from each of the townshi]is. for the purpose of collecting data and mark- ing places and buildings, identified with the historj' of Adams County. A general and imjiressive celebration of the state centennial is ])lanned for the fall of 1918 — the constitution dating from August, 1S18, and the admission of Illinois into the I'nion from December. 524 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Women's Christian Temperance Union This was one of the first local organizations of women to com- mence a practical work of charity, philanthropy, reform and general helpfulness for the uplift of their ovni sex. The title of the Union by no means expresses the variety and scope of its activities, as will be evident in the progress of this sketch. The Women's Christian Temperance Union of Quiney dates its organization from the year 1877. Meetings for that purpose were held in the homes of Miss Martha Lambert and Mrs. William Govert, but it was at a gathering held at the First Baptist Church June 15, 1877, that the organization was perfected. Officers as follows were elected : President, Mrs. Banmgartner; recording secretary, Mrs. William Govert; treasurer, Mrs. J. H. Holton; con-esponding secretary, Mrs. C. H. Tilson. Others prominent in the organization at that time were Mesdames Thompson, Minnie Schultheis, E. Follansbee, Van Dorn, Littlefield and Hamlin, Miss Tillson and many others. On March 3, 1891, the organization purchased from Mrs. Almira Morton property on North Sixth Street for $5,500. Besides those mentioned are re- corded the names of Mrs. Fidelia Lyford and Miss Sarah Thrush among those who were prominent in the canvass for funds with which to purchase the property. During the years that followed the follow- ing were leaders in the work : Miss Irene Smith, Mesdames Mary Mc- Davitt, Caroline McDavitt, Anna Woods, James Orr, M. L. Dines, J. H. Brown, Mathew Orr, A. M. Stilley, Fischer, Mary Edwards, Rebecca Viekers, Josie Lummis, Agnes Cormeny and Mattie Duncan. On tlie 14th of July, 1914, the old property was sold and the Ella Lewis property, one door north of the postofEce, was purchased for $8,200. At that time the following trustees were elected : Mesdames J. H. Brown, Rebecca Viekers, M. L. Dines, Mary Edwards and Josie Lummis, Miss Sarah Thrush and F. W. Lyford. At this time Mrs. Josie Lummis is both president of the board of trustees and head of the organization as a whole. Miss Agnes Cormeny is the recording secretary and Mrs. Rebecca Viekers, trea.surer. The society has 120 enrolled members. During the more than forty years of its activity, the Union has accomplishment much varied and practical good. In the earlier period it established the first public reading room in Quiney, which was later merged into the public library. The society also assisted in furnishing the rooms for the first Young Men's Christian Association organized in the city. Hundreds of women and girls have been sheltered in the rooms of the Home, and untold numbers of fallen women have sought comfort and help from the Christian women who compose the membership. The Women's Christian Temperance Union of Quiney is the only organization of women in the city who own the building in which they meet and which is the center of their activities. Re- corded on the pages of the history of this organization are found many C^llXCY AND ADAMS COr.NTV 525 deeds of kindness, acts of charity, and works for the protection and safe-guardiug of the home, of wliich the world will never know. The Associated Charities The Associated Charities of l^uiiicy was or^Miiized in 188"). Wil- liam ilcFadon, an al)le lawyer of that city and later of Chicago, was its first president. It is a sort of a clearing house of all the charities and philanthropies of Quincy. It seeks, by a thorough system of registration and visitation, to learn of the true condition of all appli- cants, helping, or causing to be assisted, all worthy ones, discouraging the unworthy and exposing imposters. It has i)reservpd its organiza- tion all these years, and has done more to alleviate poverty than any other outdoor charity in Quincy. Its present officers are: Judge Lyman McCarl, president; Rev. George A. Butrick, vice president; Mrs. 0. F. Schullian, secretary; Mrs. Frances Lubbe, treasurer; Mi*s. Eugenia H. Dudley, friendly visitor. The officers named and the following constitute the board of directors: D. F. Wilco.x, George A. Hiiikert, Ira Calkins, Dean W. Cone, Mayor J. A. Thompson, ilrs. J. A. Stillwell, Miss Mary Anderson, Mrs. Charles ^I. Gill, ilrs. C. Lawrence Wells, Rev. L. M. Greenman and Charles M. Rosenheim. The Cheerful Home Settlement The main purpo.se of the Cheerful Home on Jersey Street, formerly the Wells residence, has always been to afford a pleasant gathering place for boys and girls where they might be instructed and enter- tained. The general effort, which has extended over more than thirty years of consistent work, has been in the line of prevention — endeavoring, by education and recreation, througli the provision of cheerful and comfortable quarters, to keep the minds and bodies of the young fully and healthfully occupied, thus shielding them from temptation and helping them to form good habits. In other words, as stated in the by-laws of the Cheerful Home As.sociation : "To pro- mote right living, thrift and happiness by means of instruction in useful knowledge, industrial training, wholesome recreation and friendly visits." The management of the Home is composed of a board of directors of nine men, who hold the property, and an executive l)oard of man- agers (women), who are responsible for all the activities which are carrying out the ob.jects of the as.sociatiou. Miss Mary Bull .served as president of the latter for ten years; was followed by Mrs. Lewis Boswell, for two years and by Mrs. John Stillwell (present incum- bent) for the five years just past. The head-resident of the Home is Miss Gay Briixton ; visiting nurse. Miss Lyia Biddingcr: kindergart- ner. Miss Nellie Graves. They all reside in the building. The ])hysical director, Miss Mary Alexander, lives in Quincy as one of the active workers, but does not reside at the Home. The settlement has no 1 St. Aloysius Orphans Home 2 Woodland Home for Orphans 3 Cheerful PIome Settlement and Day Nursery (inXCV AND ADAMS ( OINTY 527 endowment and is supported entirely In- voluntary sul>seri|>tions. Its departments may lie said to inelude a day nursery, a kiiulergarten, g'ynmastics and freneral athletics, an ciiiiiloyint'nt Imroan, li-iral advice, juvenile protective work, vistinfi nursing; ajid summer work. inelndiiiB the supervision of playgrounds, outinjrs and a vaeation sehool. The founder of the Cheerfid Home was Miss Cornelia A. Collins, who, in 1886, engaged Miss Mary .MeDowell. of Chicago, to teach normal classes on the kitchen-garden system in the parlors of the Presh.vterian Church. Two of these ela.s.ses were afterward started for young girls, taught by memliers of the normal classes. In the following year a room on the second tloor of a Imilding on Nnrth Fourth Street was rented and other hranches of work undertaken for boys and girls. Evening work for boys was begun in January, 1888, and other activities were added. The headquarters of the settle- ment were transferred to South Fifth Street in 1802. where larger gynniasium facilities were available, and in 1901 Lorenzo Hull bought the Wells residence on Jersey Street. He presented the property to the Cheerful Home Association, which was reorganized and iiico7'- porated in June of 1901. The other leading events in the development of the enterprise were : The establishment of the kindergarten under Miss Annette Kim])all in 1002: the advent of Miss Clara L. Adams, first resident worker and the opening of the gymnasium, built on the rear of the lot by Lorenzo Hull, in 1903; the organization of the Woman's League, in lOOfi; estiiblishiiicnt of the day nursery in 1007, and the title to the Cheerful Home property and the commencement of the visiting nurse's work in 1914. The presidents of the Woman's Executive Board of the Cheerful Home since its organization have been as follows: Jliss Cornelia Collins, 1886-1901 : Miss Mary Hull, 1901-10: Mrs. Lewis Baswell, 1911- 13; Mrs. John Stillwell, 1913— Young Men's Christi.vn Association The original body was organized about 1867, with about thirty- five members. The association first occupied handsome fpiartcrs in the Wells & ^(cFadon (LibranO block on Sixth Street between Maine and Jersey. Both an audience hall and a reailing room were opened, and for years daily prayer meetings and Sunday services were maintained. The meudiers, who at one time numbered 100, also established the Levee Mission Sunday School. Such enteri)risi's for the public good crippled the association financially and within a decade it was so heavily in debt that its work was suspended. In 1876 an un.successful effort was made to permanently reorgaiuze, but for many years it had only a nominal existence. About 1892 a more substantial organization was perfected. Soon afterward Jacob Kessler of the North Side Branch of the St. Louis Young Men's Christian As.sociation visited Quincy and organized a branch in that city, long known as the German Young Men's Christian Association. It would 528 • QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY seem that the branch outgrew the parent trunk, and not long after the organization of the German society the original association dis- banded. Henry Fischer was elected president of the German Young Men's Clmstian Association. H. C. Sprick was the first secretary and held the position for many years. He writes: "We did not incorporate, but simply organized as a German Y. M. C. A. Under the state ruling, however, we could only act and operate as a branch, since the Y. M. C. A. had a real organization at that time, which, to our sorrow, was compelled to disband soon after our organization. We operated as such branch for many years. "The erection of the building on Ninth and State streets was undertaken during the panic of 1893, and a great deal of anxiety was expressed by those cai-ryiug the burden at that time in trying to finance the building. Had the panic not come at that time, no doubt the building might have been erected free from debt ; but, as it was, there was an indebtedness of some .$10,000 wliich had to be carried for many years; in fact, up to the time the new organization was effected and the new building was planned. Then the parties who were carrying the debt for the branch took over the building in lieu of the debt, at quite a sacrifice on their part." In 1911 tlie massive and handsome four story and basement brick Imilding at the corner of Fourth and Jersey was completed and no establishment of its kind is better adapted to the uses to which it is dedicated. With site and equipment, the total cost was more than $103,000. Of late years J. K. Pearce and T. Chester Poling have been presidents of the association. J. A. Hanna, who was general secre- tary for some time, was replaced by the present incumbent, George B. Cawthorne, in October, 1917. V. G. Musselman is vice president and secretary and F. W. Crane, treasurer. S. N. Gabel is serving as physical director. Approximately 700 young men are taking ad- vantage of the various accommodations, comforts, training and reci'ea- tions provided by the association. There are fifty-two sleeping rooms in the building, or accommodations for about seventy dormitory mem- bers. A large and light reading room, billiard tables, a fine gymna- sium with all the modern apparatus, a large swimming pool and prac- tical courses in meelianieal drawing, salesmanship, and bookkeeping are all provided, with opportunities for out-of-door recreations, as well as religious instruction — thus meeting the requirements of all tempera- ments and constitutions. QuiNCY Humane Society and Henry P. Walton The Quiney Humane Society has l)een doing a good, if quiet and modest work, for many years past. Organized as the Quiney Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in July, 1880, its first of- ficers were : T. M. Rogers, president ; J. R. Stewart, secretary : Henry Root, treasurer, and Dr. H. W. Hale, .superintendent. On June 20, 1882, the name was changed to the Quiney Humane Society. Anna QUINL'Y AND ADA.MS ( olXTY '^29 E. Brown died on October 28. 1893, and Ijenueatlifil alxnit $13,000 to the society, although the fund did not become available until two years afterward. It was the means by which the work of tiie organization was greatly enlarged. The late Henry 1*. Walton, who wa.s president of tlie society for over twenty years, was the most notable local force in the movement for the alleviation of the liardshijis and sufferings of the helpless, whether brute or human. lie came of an old, fine New England family, born in Massachusetts himself, first locating at Kentland. Indiana, and becoming a resident of Quincy in 1873. There he lived for more than forty years, a successful inereliant, a friend to the suf- fering; long president both of the Humane Society and the Woodland Cemet<'ry As,sociation ; a promoter of the City Beautiful; superintend- ent of streets for tift^'en years, serving the city in tliat capacity with- out pay, and all-in-all one of the largest, most tender and disinterested souls interwoven with the higher progress of the community. Mr. Walton's death, on December 27, 191o, brought widespread regret to a broad circle of friends and admirers and a quiet sadness, shot through with bright strands of cheerfulness and thankfulness, that the world had been so long blessed by the ministrations of such a man. Young "Women's Christian Association The movement for the organization of the Young Women's Chris- tion Association of Quincy commenced in January, 1905, but it did not take definite shape until the following month. On February 9th a meet- ing of those interested was held in the Vermont Street Methodist Epis- copal Church, at which a committee previously appointed to canvass the situation reported that over 400 had pledged themselves to be- come members of the a.ssoeiation and about $1,000 had been actually contributed. The officers finally elected were : Mrs. Nelson Funk, president; Miss Ida Stewart, vice president; ilrs. C. A. Osborn, secr»* tary ; ^Irs. J. Y. Lewis, treasurer. Mrs. Funk served as president from 1905 to 1907; Miss Stewart, 1907-1910; Mrs. Russel Barr. 1910-11; Mrs. Seymour Castle, 1911-13; Mrs. George Wilson, 1913-16; Mi.ss Ida Stewart, 1916-18. The secretaries who have sers'cd the association are as follows: Mis.s :\rarv- Parker, 1905-06; Miss Frances Mills, 1906-08; Mi.ss Grace Channon, acting, 1908-09; Miss Ruth Wheeler, 1909-12; Mi.ss Grace Channon, 1912-15; Miss Mary B. Hyde, 1915-18. The a.ssociation has always rented quarters either in the Xewcomb Building, the William.son Building, or at the present location, all of which have been near the corner of Fourth and Maine streets. The present membership is 893, the largest in the history of the a.s.so- ciation. TMien times are more propitious than the present, it is anticipated that the Young Women's Christian As.soeiation of Quincy will com- mence the erection of a suitable home of its own. As it is, its re- ligious, educational, social and physical departments are bu.sy. A 530 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY cafeteria is also maintained which serves a noou meal to both men and women. Present officers of the Young "Women's Christian Association of Quincy : Miss Ida C. Stewart, president ; Mrs. J. W. Wall, fir.st vice president ; Mrs. Al Ellis, second vice president ; ]\Irs. Susan Hill, sec- retary ; Mrs. J. M. "Winter, treasurer ; Miss Helen Osborn, correspond- ing secretary. Daughters of the American Revolution The Quincy body, known as the Polly Sumner Chapter, was or- ganized January 14, 1910, with the following officers: Regent, 31rs. A. N. Turner; vice president, Mrs. E. F. Bradford; secretary, Mrs. S. L. Justice; treasurer, Mrs. S. W. Eldred; registrar. Miss Julia Sibley. As is generally known, the Daughters of the American Revo- lution is strictly a patriotic society and its work is to instil into the minds of the young, bravery, loyalty and the love of liberty. Its members are therefore educated to accomplish that great work in molding the sentiment of the future. Some line of study is taken up each year, covering such sub.jeets as Revolutionary Times, Colonial Days, Historv' of Illinois, Quincy and Vicinity. Last year (1917) the History of Adams County was under consideration ; also the life of John Quincy Adams and other subjects leading to the State Centen- nial of 1918. In that connection the chapter presented to the county courthouse a large portrait of the President who has been so signally and completely honored in this section of the state. Flag cards and slips containing flag lore were also distributed among the schools and other public Iraildings of the city, and this feature of patriotic propaganda was later extended through the county. The Daughters have been in the thick of all special war work, such as the raising of funds for the Red Cross, Young Men's Christian Association and Liberty Loans. Adams County Red Cross Chapter In April, 1917, through the efforts of Dr. C. A. "Wells, of Quincy, steps were taien to form a Red Cross chapter in Quincy, application to obtain a charter for the same being made to the Red Cross Head- quarters at Washington. The charter was received on the 30th of the month, a board of directors was chosen, who, in turn elected the following officers : D. L. ]Musselman, chairman ; Joseph J. Freiburg, first vice president ; Dr. C. A. "Wells, second vice president : H. C. Sprick, treasurer: Mrs. Edward Fawcett, secretary. The executive committee appointed by the chairman consisted of the following : Mrs. E. J. Parker, chairman of the surgical dressings committee; John Korn, chairman of the civilian relief committee; Doctor "Wells, chairman of the first aid committee, together with the secretary, treasurer and chairman of the chapter. Mrs. Fawcett was chairman l^l IXrV AND ADA.MS COlNTY 531 of the mcmbersliip eommittcc as well as secretary, ilrs. 0. G. Jlull, later being appointed to tiie ehairmansliip of the eoniniittee, as Mrs. Fawcett found her combined duties too heav^'. By tlie lirst of March, 1918, the membership of the Aiiams County Red Cross Chai)ter, througii splendid "drives," had reached 12,809, over 20 per cent of the entire population of the county. The Chamber of Commerce kindly grauted the use of the entire third floor of their building, free of rent, to the Red Cross, besiiles giving them an office on the ground floor. The workshop has been open three days each week with an average daily attendance of tifty people. Tlie committees having in charge surgical dressings, hospital supplies, knitting, general supplies, can- teen and i)ublicity work, and the canvass for junior membership, have made nmrked progress. In February, 1918, a meeting of tlie diapter was held and its activities, by change of name, were made legally to include tlie county instead of Quiiicy alone. The main chapter is located at (^uiiicy and its twenty-six branches spread over the different townships. In addition, Quincy has a colored auxiliary which is doing efficient work. Homes and Hospit.vls Quincy 's good heart and the practical helpful bent of her charities are forcibly seen in the numerous homes and hospitals which have been established. Some have been founded to provide a haven for men and women in their old age; others for the protection of young men and women, coming as strangers to the city, without domestic ancliorages; and still othei-s slielter tliose who have sinned against society and them-selves. The generosity of private individuals gave birth to some; religious organizations established many, and all are the outcome of the Christianity wliicii acts as well as preaches the Word. First Orphanage of Quincy First in the list, chronologically considered, is St. Aloysius Orphan Home, at Twentietli and Vine streets, estatilislicd liy the German Catholics in 1852, as a direct result of tlie ravages of tiie cliolera which had bereft so many children of the community of eitiier father or mother, or both jiarents. Altiiough the Sistei-s of Notre Dame had active charge of the orphanage, as it was tlie only institution of tlie kind at the time of its establislimcnt, no sectarian lines were drawn during the earlier years of its existence. Tlie Imildiiig now occuiiied was constructed in 1865, additions and interior improvements having been since made. Tin; W(xii)i.\M> lIoMK III the meantiiTie tJic ladies of tlie First Congregational Church of Quiney had started a movement looking toward the founding of a 532 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY liome for orphans, destitute widows, and friendless children which should be more specifically supported by the Protestants of the city. In January, 1853, they organized a society under the name of the Ladies Union Benevolent Society. That organization gave the impetus to the establishment of the Woodland Home for Orphans and Friend- less. The original board of managers consisted of one member chosen from each church in the city which contributed to the cause. Two years later, the following citizens contributed $100 each, and five acres south of the city was purchased as a site for the Shelter: Frederick Collins, Joel Rice, Samuel Holmes. O. H. Browning. Newton Flagg, Charles A. Savage, William Caldwell, John Wheeler, Hiram Rodgers, Nathaniel Pease, John Blatehford, Elijah Gove, John W. McFadou, John AA^ood and W^illard Keyes. On February 14, 1855, the Woodland Home for Orphans and Friendless was incorporated by special act of the State Legislature, and the fifteen gentlemen named were appointed trustees for life, with the power of filling vacancies. This self-perpetuating board of trus- tees ha-s for many years appointed an executive committee of women, who have managed the domestic affairs of the institution. The first body of that nature comprised Mi-s. J. T. Holmes, first directress; ilrs. F. Collins, second directress; Mrs. C. H, Church, secretarJ^ For a few years the children cared for by this charity were boarded in families. Then a house was rented on Tenth Street between Maine and Jersey. In 1867 the property on the northwest corner of Fifth and Wa.shington was purchased and occupied until May, 1893. In the month and year named the Woodland Home was installed at Twenty- seventh and Maine streets, the land and biiildings which represented it costing about $17,000. The institution has received gifts and be- quests from time to time, the income from which go far toward meet- ing the operating expenses of the Home. Homeless children are received and cared for until they may be placed in worthy families. Children of worthy working mothers are also received as boarders, and often widowers place their motherless ones at Woodland Home, knowing that they will there receive faithful and affectionate care. The present board of trustees of the Home is as follows: 0. B. Gordon, president ; W. A. Richardson, vice president ; George Wells, treasurer: E. K. Stone, secretary. Woman's Executive Committee: Mrs. J. W. Gardner, president; Mrs. Harry Bray, first president ; i\Ii-s. Thomas A. Brown, second vice president ; Mrs. E. K. Stone, treasurer ; Mrs. W. Emers- Lancaster, recording secretarj^; Mrs. Dean Richardson, corresponding secretary. St. Vincent Home for the Aged On the 4th of April, 1885, the Catholic order of Sisters known as Poor Handmaids of Our Lord sent a little band from the mother house in Fort Wayne, Indiana, to establish a home for the aged at Quincy. At first they took up their residence in the old Cox home- griMV AM) ADAMS ( Ol XTY '):).{ stead at Tenth and Svennioiv streets. A year before, at tin- >.iij.'gis- tion of Rev. Jo.seph Still, then pastor of St. John's Church, the Sisters had purchased a plot of ground north of the city and huilt as an addi- tion to the old Cox homestead a three-ston- structure 42 liy 60 feet. Into that unpretentious home eame the first of the I'oor Ilandniaids of Our Lord to care for their charges, three aged persons. Four years later they were earing for forty-three, and more Sisters wore sent to continue the good work. A third story was adtled to the home build- ing, and in 1897 another building and a chapel wore erected. The latter is on the second floor of the ca.st wing. For the past twenty years the improvements, both witiiout ami within, have been almost continuous, an important addition being made to the north side of the main building in 1911. Nearly 160 inmates are now (siiring of 1918) being accommodated. Perhaps the most elaborate celebration which ever occurred within the walls of St. Vincent Home was that which marked tlie silver juliilec of its founding. It extended over two days, April 4-'). 1!)10. At 10 o'clock A. JI. of the flrst day a solemn mass was celebrated by Rev. Joseph Postnor, rector of St. John's Church, with a Herman sernum by Rev. A. Zurlionsen, rector of St. Mary's, and one in English by Rev. Edward Luney, of St. Francis College. Eleven prie.sts were present at these ceremonies. During the afternoon, hundreds of callers were received, who were desirous of extending their greetings to the Sisters. On the next day (April 5th), at 10 o'clock, a solenni requiem mass was said for the repose of the souls of deceased Sisters, members and benefactors of the Home, and during the evening the house was again thrown open to callers. In the evening a jubilee entertainment was rendered at St. Francis College Hall by the St. John's Dramatic Chil), with jjresentation of the jul)ilee gifts; the latter included over $2,000 which represented eolleetions made by the St. Vincent Home Jubilee Committee. Another noteworthy occasion was the dedication, or blessing, of the beautiful statue of St. Vincent do Paul at Calvary Cemetery, on July 10, 1916, that lieiiig the feast day of the Home's patmn saint. Serv- ices were first held in the chapel, after which the Sisters and inmates were conveyed to the cemetery in autos, the sermon being preached by Rev. J. J. Driscoll. of St. Peter's Church, and the statue blessed by the Very Rev. Dean H. Degenhardt, pastor of St. Honiface Church, also of Quincy. The first cha])lain r)f St. Vincent Home was Rev. Henry Frohboese, who, having retired from the active ministry, lived in the noighlior- hood. After his death Rev. Joseph Still, pastor of St. John's Church, ministered to the Home until a successor could be appointed. From 1890 to 1895 Rev. Joseph Loehner exercised those >luties. After his appointment to St. Mary's, the Franciscans had charge of the institu- tion until January, 1906. At that time P'ather F. X. Sturm was appointed a.ssistant at St. John's and, as such, assisted Father Still in the work at the Home. In November, 1896, Rev. August Gorris 534 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY became liis assistant aud in 1899 the latter was succeeded by Father F. J. Stengel. Rev. Joseph Still died in 1907, when Rev. Joseph Postner succeeded him, with Rev. August Ilohl as his assistant. Father Hohl assumed charge in 1915; was soou succeeded by Rev. Joseph A. Reis and by the present incumbent. Rev. Bernard Zehnle, 0. F. il, in December, 1917. The Home was opened in charge of Sister M. Eulogia, who was suc- ceeded by Sisters Eudoxia, Ansberta and Faeunda, Sister M. Romaua and Sister M. Elizabeth. Sister M. Romaua served from September, 1898, to September, 1912, when she was called away to another mission, her responsibilities being then assumed by Sister M. Elizabeth, who is still in charge. St. Mary's, the First Hospital The first hospital to be erected in Quincy was St. Mary's, on Broad- way between Fourteenth and Fifteenth. Through the efforts of the St. Mary's Hospital late Rev. Father Ferdinand, 0. S. F., and the Rev. Father Schaefer- meyer, a few Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, under the direction of Sister Eusebia, came to Quincy in ilay, 1866, for the purpose of establishing a hospital. They worked to such advantage that the corner-stone of St. Mary's was laid March 23, 1867, in the jiresence of the mayor, aldermen, county officials and an imposing gathering of unofficial spectators. "When the hospital was ready for occupancy in October, it had cost $16,000 and would accommodate fifty patients. The first inmates were seven patients whom the Sisters had been caring for in a room of St. Boniface school building. Ten years from that time demands had so increased that it was necessary to erect an addition to the original hospital which cost .$20,000 and doubled its capacity. In 1900 a second large addition was built at a cost of (4UL\CY AM) ADAMS (.'OINTY 535 $•10,000, so that the completed btriKtuiu covers an area represented by a frontage of 212 feet and a deptli of 68 feet. St. Mary 's Hospital is open to all, irrespective of creed, color or race. Lindsay Cuurch Home The Lindsay Church Home, on the southeast corner of Fourth and Vermont streets, was specitically foiiiuled in 1863 for the benefit of poor persons belonguig to the Protestant Episcopal Church of yuiucj'. By the provisions of her will, dated November 4th of that year, Jlrs. Elizabeth Lindsay be(iueatlicd her real estate' at the locality named, witli pei"sonal property, to Dr. Edward U. Castle, Seth C. Sherman and Peter Grant, for the purpose of founding the institution under that name. The Lindsay Cliurch Home was incorporated in Novem- ber, 1874, by Doctor Castle, ^Icssrs. Grant and Slierman, Henry As- bury, Henry A. "Williamson and Edward J. Parker. While its means have been somewhat limited, the Home has accomplished good results. The Blessing Hospital The Blessing Hospital, located at Tenth and Spring streets, de- veloped from the work of the ('harital)le Aid and Hospital Association, and it has retained the prime idea of its foundation, which is to first consider the needs of tliose who cannot afford to pay for hospital acconnuoilation. The result is that it has always eared for an un- usually large number of free, or charity patients. The history of the hospital commences, with a public meeting held in the courthouse on December 1, 1869, on which occasion a committee was appointed to raise subscriptions and other relief for the poor, especially during the apjiroaciiing winter. The gentlemen named were E. K. Stone, Henn- Allen, C. JI. Pomeroy, H. S. Osborn, William Morris, M. B. Finlay. F. S. Giddings, Daniel Stahl and William B. Bull. This committee was known as the Relief Association, and suc- ceeded in raising over $5,000 in money and supplies from nearh' 400 donors. During the winter, relief was extended to some 350 families of Quincy; the second winter's work was e<|ually commendable, and in the winter of 1871-72 the benevolent ladies of the city formed them- selves into an association for the purpose of assuming the responsi- bilities of the former Relief Association. Finally, in the fall of 1873, the two Iwjdies combined and were incorporated, under the state laws, as the Charitable Aid and Hospital Association, which had for its objects both the relief of the poor and tiie founding of a hospital for those of the humbler and poorer cla.sses. The jears 1874 and 1875 found the newly incorporated associa- tion supporting the pau]ier,-i of the Tnwnshi]i of Quincy, the number averaging more than 300 monthly. While it thus met the physical necessities of the poor, it also endeavored to tone the moral fiber of those who received its cliarities. and turned its special attention to bettering the opportunities of the children. 536 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY After the expiration of the association's contract to relieve the city's poor had expired, its attention was given more particularly to the hospital feature. St. Mary's was then the only institution of the kind in Quincy. But the association pushed this enterprise so vigor- ously that in May, 1875, the original Blessing Hospital was ready for occupancy. The building and furnishings cost $12,000, which was all covered bj' paid-in subscriptions. In April, 1878, the hospital was turned over to a board of ten women managers, who were selected from an executive counnittee of thirty-five ladies. The first officers, under that arrangement, were as follows : [Mrs. Sarah Denman, presi- dent; Mrs. William Marsh, vice president; Mrs. Anna ]\IcMahan, recording secretary ; Miss Lucy Bagby, corresponding secretary ; Miss till, iJLLbSINc, ll(lsriT-\L E. B. Bull, treasurer. As authoritatively announced when placed on that enduring basis: "The association receives all alike to its open arms of charity, regardless of race, creed or color, if there is any hope of their being benefited and provided they have no contagious disease which will endanger the other patients, and is free to all who are unable to pay and need its services ; but is a hospital for the sick, and not an asylum for the aged and infirm." In 1895 was made the large three-story addition to the west of the old hospital, about doubling the original capacity. In 1903 the institution has so expanded that it was found necessary not only to further increase the accommodations for patients but to erect a home for nurses. In furtherance of these ends additional land was pur- chased to the east, the original two-story building was raised, and a massive three story structure, with detached steam heating plant and laundry, was erected on the enlarged site. The new building was complete in every modern requirement — electric lighting, elevators. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 537 ti'Ii'|>hi)m' system, etc. Tlii' total cost of tliese iinproveiiii-iits was more than $30,000. Ulcssiiig Hospital has a small enclowineiit, of about $20,000, which originated in .Mrs. Deiiinan's bc(iuest of $4,000 made in Mareli, 18S3. The Training School for Nurses, the graduates of which are drawn upon for the nursing staff of tlie liosjiital. was estal)lished in 1891. The names of many of the most prominent men and women of Quincy are identified with the founding and growth of Blessing Hos- pital. Among them none stand forth with greater luster than those of Jlr. and Mrs. .M. H. Ueniiian and Mi-, and Mis. K. J. Parker. The Anna Brown Home The Anna Brown Home for the Aged, northwest corner of Fifth and ilaple, is tpiite non-sectarian, and stands for the generosity and philanthropy of Mrs. Anna E. Brown, widow of Charles Brown. They both came to Quincy in 1834, Jlr. Brown starting the first bakery in the city. He died in 1868 and his widow survived him twenty-five years. In her will she devised the old family residence, with an endowment of interest-bearing securities worth $55,000, for the found- ing and maintenance of a Home for the Aged. It was opened in January. 1898, under the name by which it has continuousl.v been known. Great care is exercised in passing upon the applications for admission to the Anna Brown Home, an entrance fee of $300 being required. The result is that the institution has always stood high in character and financial stability. Among the number of its in- mates are the venerable Daniel C. Wood, eldest son of Governor John Wood, and himself in his ninetieth year. Old People's Home (Das Altenheim) The Old People's Home (Das Altenheim) of the German Methodist Episcopal Church at Quincy. located on Wasliington Street, was founded by that denomination in May, 1890. The original building was donated by Charles Pfeiffer, of Quincy, three extensions having been made to it. Mr. Pfeiffer was its first superintendent and was succeeded by his wife. Rev. William Schultz is at present in charge. Detention Home At the December meeting, 1909, of the board of supervisors of Adams County a special committee consisting of John Schauf, J. R. Albright and H. F. Scarborough was appointed to meet with the Woman's League in regard to detention rooms for wayward boys and girls and at the following March meeting. 1910, the committee reported favorably. an, 18i)6. During his incumbency of fifteen years the parish grew into a strong and flourishing body. A new site for the church was selected on the corner of Seventh and Hampshire streets. After mucli patient waiting and effort, an edifice of stone was erected and occupied in 1853. The Rev. Jlr. Giddings died in 1861 and his remains were brought back to Quiney and interred in the parisli lot in "Woodlawn Cemetery. On June 1, 1857, the Rev. William Rudder succeeded to the rector- ship and was in charge nearly a year. The Rev. Alexander Capron entered upon his duties as rector November 24, 1858. He was succeeded soon after by the Rev. John Egar, who began his ministry in St. John's during the first part of the Civil war. During the bitterness and excitement of these stirring times, the Rev. Mr. Egar was wrongly suspected of cherishing dis- loyal sentiments toward the Union, and his position became so un- comfortable that after a few weeks of labor in his new field he deemed it expedient to resign. Doctor Egar had at this time just completed a theological work which he expected shortly to have published in England and America simultaneously. Being an Englishman he re- frained from becoming naturalized until after the publication of his hook, lest the fact of his naturalization should prove prejudicial to his influence as an author in the transatlantic country. The Rev. Henry Noble Strong, D. D., LL. D., became rector of the parish on March 9, 1863. At the diocesan convention in 1863 the communicants reported numbered 160. On April 28, 1864, the rector suffered the loss by death of his wife, :Margaret Sweyer Strong. On Easter Monday, 1865, the Rev. Sidney Corbett, D. D., ac- cepted the rectorship of the parish. During the first year of his work the church was considerably enlarged by adding the transepts and a new chancel. In May, 1872, a $6,000 organ was installed at St. John's, and in April, 1875, after ten years of a successful pas- torate, the Rev. Dr. Corbett resigned his rectorship of St. John's Parish to accept that of St. :Mark's Church, Minneapolis, :Minne- sota. The Rev. "William F^ske, of St. Paul's Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, 548 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was the uext incumbent, becoming rector on July 1, 1876. He was followed by the Rev. Edward A. Larrabee, now dean of Nashotah, who officiated until shortly aft«r Easter, 1879. At this time the chapel and chapter house were built. On October 11, 1877, the general convention authorized and gave consent to the erection of two new dioceses within the limits of the Diocese of Illinois. One of the new dioceses, of which Quincy was to be made the See City, was to be formed out of that portion of Illinois west of the Illinois River and south of the counties of White- side and Lee. The vestry of St. John's Parish accordingly conveyed the church property' to the new diocese of Quincy as its cathedral. The primary convention met in St. John's Church, Quincy, on De- cember 11, 1877. Thirteen clergj'men and lay delegates, representing eleven parishes, were present. The Rev. Dr. Samuel Smith Harris, Rector of St. James' Church, Chicago, Illinois, was unanimously elected bishop. Upon his declination, a special convention was held in the Cathedral Church of St. John, Quincy, on February 26, 1878, when the Rev. Alexander Burgess, D. D., LL. D., rector of Christ Church, Springfield, Massachusetts, was elected bishop. During the period of Bishop Burgess' episcopate the following clergy were on the Cathedral staff: The Very Rev. Robert Ritchie (1879-1881), the Rev. J. M. Dempster Davidson, D. D. (1881-1883), the Very Rev. Ingram N. W. Irvine (1883-1885), the Rev. Henry C. Dyer (1886), the Rev. IMichael Hicks (1886), the Verj' Rev. C. C. Lemon (1888-1891). the Rev. Edward H. Rudd, D. D. (1891-1892), and the Very Rev. Walter H. I\Ioore, M. A., who was dean for four- teen years (1892-1906). In 1883 the sanctuary had been beautified by the gift, from Mrs. Richard Newcomb, of a flue new altar of Caen stone, in memory of her mother, Elizabeth Ritchie, and during Dean Moore's incumbency the cathedral was thoroughly repaired and re- decorated, and the lots east of the building were acquired, or rather bought back, they having been sold in past j'eai's under financial stress. Thus a cathedral close, ample and beautiful, was made possible. Bishop Burgess died on October 8, 1901, having occupied the See for nearlj^ twenty-three years. Shortly before his death, the Rev. Frederick William Taylor, D. D., had been elected coadjutor, and upon the death of the Senior Bishop, succeeded him. He had been consecrated on August 6, 1901. The period of his service in the episcopal office was destined to be short, however. In declining health for a number of years, he died April 26, 1903. The Rt. Rev. Edward Fawcett, D. D., Ph. D., the present occu- pant of the Episcopal See, was consecrated in St. Bartholomew's Church, Englewood, Chicago (of which he had been rector), on Janu- ary 20, 1904. His enthronement as the third bishop of Quincy took place in the cathedral on February 2, 1904. The Very Rev. Wyllys Rede, D. D., held the deanship from Sep- tember, 1906, to January 1, 1909. In 1907 the Newcomb Memorial Reredos was erected. It was the gift of Mrs. Anna M. Newcomb, t^ULNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 549 in mcmoiy of her hiisbaiid, Richard Foote Newcomb. The wuoil work was designed by Ralph W. Cram, of Boston, the foremost ex- ponent of Gothic architecture in America, and the arehitect of the new t-athedral of St. John tlie Divine in New York City. The central paintings of the reredos — a representation of "The Final Harvest"' — and the panels on either side — the Blessed ^lother and the Beloved Disciple — are the work of the Bavarian painter and priest, Johannes Oertel, well-known all over the land as tiie painter of "The Rock of Ages," a picture of a young maiden reaching up out of the raging watei-s and clinging to the Cross up-reared on the impregnable rock, a copy of which was once to be found in almost every home. It is noteworthy that in the elaborate art work published a number of years ago by Macmillan & Co., entitled, "Notable Altars of England and America," among the six American altars there described and illustrated, the altar of St. John's Cathedral, Quincy, with its ex- quisite wood carving and magnificent paintings, was accorded an honorable place. The Rev. "William A. Gustin, M. A., as canon in residence, offi- ciated at the catliedral from January, 1909. to August, 1910. Daring that period the interior of the cathedral and chapter house was greatly improved. The Very Rev. Chapman S. Lewis, M. A., entered upon his duties as priest in charge on November 1, 1910, and a few weeks later was made canon residentiary and vicar of the cathedral, thus serving until his advancement to the deanship November 14, 1912. He resigned Ash Wednesday, 1914. On November 14, 1912, the Rev. \Villiam 0. Cone, by virtue of his office as priest in charge of the church of the Good Shepherd, Quincy, was elected to a canonry, and became dean. May l.j, 1914. He is the present incumbent. The St. John's Parish has now within its bounds about 275 communi- cants. Evangelical Lutheran- Church of St. John The pioneer of the German Protestant churches in Quincy origi- nated in the gathering of a small flock of the faithful, under Rev. 'Mr. Hinholz, who held religious services Sunday afternoons at a hall on Fifth Street between Maine and Jersey. These assemblies oc- curred about the middle of the '30s, although a a regular congrega- tion, or class, was not organized until 1837, with Rev. John Gumpel in charge. At that time a constitution was drafted and a prodigious name adopted for the launching of the little society, viz.: — "The Ger- man Evangelical Protestant Congregation and the United Lutheran Reformed Confessions." An-hibald Williams and John Wodd pre- sented the congregation and confessions with three lots on South Seventh Street, and in 1838 they erected their Hill Church, a small frame structure built on a high terrace far above the level of the street. The contributing members numbered over 100, with good German names. Of the earlier pastors who did most to build up St. 550 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY John's, prominent mention must be made of Rev. Jacob Seidel, whose pastorate of ten years, from 1863 to 1873, was fruitful of good works. The old Hill Church proved inadequate for the needs of the gi'owing congregation, and in December, 1868, the present house of worship and parsonage displaced the outgrown buildings, being erected on a less abrupt elevation. Mr. Seidel 's predecessor, Rev. Christian Popp, had established a parochial school, which grew so rapidly that the duties of teaching it were taken from the pastor and placed with G. A. Weisel. Rev. L. Hoelter, Mr. Seidel's successor who served for five years, founded the Young People's Societj', and in 1878 Rev. A. "Willner assumed the pastorate and continued in charge until 1892. During his incumbency the Ladies Aid Society was organized and other extensions of church activities made. Rev. Louis Zahn was in charge for nine years and the present large and handsome school was commenced during the last of his pastorate, but he did not live to see it completed, his sudden death from apoplexy occurring in November, 1901. He was stricken while delivering an address at the laying of the corner-stone of St. Jacobi's parochial school. The St. John 's School was completed under his successor. Rev. "W. Schaller, under whom not a few improvements were made in the house of wor- ship. In 1908 he was succeeded by R^v. Theodore "Walz and in June, 1915, Rev. W. C. A. Martens took charge of the congregation. Originally organized as a German speaking congregation, St. John's in the course of time became bilingual, until during the past decade the English language has almost wholly supplanted the Ger- man, only an average of eight services monthly being conducted in the latter language. The congregation has now about 85 voting and 465 communicant members, with a Sunday scliool enrolment of 218 and 700 souls. A sinking fund for- building purposes is now in process of formation, it being the intention to erect church and school buildings in some more favorable locality, with the coming of more auspicious times. First Pkksbyteel\n Church The First Presbji:erian Church of Quincy was formally organized in the old courthouse, with twenty-two members and Levi "Wells, A. M. Hoffman and Phillip Skinner as elders, on Sunday January 19, 1840. Samuel P. Church, William A. Wood and J. D. Robinson were elected trustees in the following month, and a Sunday school organized. The first pastor of the church was called March 4, 1840, in the person of Rev. James J. Marks. He served until 1855 and his successors have been as follows: Rev. George I. King, 1855-67; Rev. J. A. Priest, 1868-75 ; Rev. Newman Smythe, 1875-82 ; Rev. John S. Hayes, 1883-85; Rev. R. V. Atkinson, 1885-90; Rev. John K. Black, 1891-94 ; Rev. John M. Linn, 1894-95 ; Rev. Henry T. Miller, 1895-97 ; Rev. Rollin R. Marquis, 1897-99 ; Rev. William Wylie, 1899- 1900; Rev. Edwin M. Clingan, 1900-10; Rev. R. H. Hartley, since January, 1911. yUl.NL'V AND ADA.M^S LUL-NTV 551 The First Presbyterian L'lmrLli building was located on the south side of .Maine, between 8ixtli and Seventh, lu 1877 a new house of worship was completed and was about to be dedicated iu Januarj', 1878, when it was partially destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt and re- dedicated in November, 1879, at a cost, for both buildings, of $1U0,00U. The membership of the society is about 500 and of the Sunday schools, about half that number. Second Congregational Unitarian Churcu The first Unitarian minister who ever visited Quincy was Rev. William G. Elliot, of St. Louis, who came early in April, 1839. He preached ou Friday evening and on the following Sunday morning and evening at the courthouse. There were at that time several Unitarians in the place, but they were not known to each other as such. Through the efforts of Mr. Huntington, of Hillsborough, on the 31st of May following Doctor Elliot's preaching, an organization was formed kno^v^l as the Second Congregational Society of Quincy, and the former soon afterward went East to solicit aid from the Unit-arians in that part of the countiy. Mr. Huntington met with such success that in March, 1840, upon his return, ground was leased on Maine Street between Third ajid Fourth as a site for a meeting house. It was completed in August, under a hundred-day contract with Robert S. Beimeson. John Wood and Samuel Holmes had donated a building lot, but it was never used for that purpose and was subsequently sold. The first meeting house was dedicated in October, 1840, and Rev. George Moore began his labors with the society in the following December. Under his lead a meeting of its members was held Decem- ber 29, 1840, and a church was organized by adopting the constitu- tion of the Unitarian Society of Louisville, Kentucky. Rev. Mordeeai D'Lange, who succeeded Mr. Jloore, began his services as pastor in November, 1847, and resigned in Januarj-, 1850. As the lea.se of the ground occupied as a church site was about to expire, land was purchased of James C. Odiome, of Boston, for a building lot, the deed for it being dated in May, 1850. The meeting house on the south side of Jersey Street above Sixth was begun in August of that year and dedicated in November, by Rev. William G. Eliot, the pioneer Unitarian preacher to visit Quincy, and Rev. William A. Fuller, who had assumed charge of the church on the first of that month. Mr. Fuller resigned in April. 1854, and during his pastorate the Universal ists, who had been affiliating with the so- ciety, withdrew and built a small church on Eighth. The latter maintained an organization until 1858, when Rev. D. P. Livermore, their last minister, moved to Chicago. Rev. Liberty Billings came to Quincy during the later part of July, 1854, and after preaching temporarily and delivering some tem- perance lectures, formed a permanent connection with the Unitarian 552 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Church in January, 1855. The membership and general activities of the church so expanded that in 1857 building operations were com- menced on the R. S. Benneson lot (donated) on Maine Street be- tween Sixth and Seventh, and in December of that year the third meeting house was dedicated at that locality. Mr. Billings remained with the society until May, 1861, subsequently entered the army as lieutenant colonel of a colored regiment, and after the war moved to Florida, where he died. Regular preaching was not resumed until July, 1862, when Rev. Martin AV. Willis assumed the pastorate. In October, 1865, he was followed by Rev. Sjdvan S. Huntington, who became western secretary of the American Unitarian Association. Rev. Frederick L. Hosmer served from 1872 to 1877, and Rev. J. Vila Blake for the six years ending May, 1883, when he resigned to accept a call from the Third Unitarian Church of Chicago. The suc- cessive pastors since have been : Rev. James D. Callihan, Rev. Francis S. Thatcher, Rev. John Tunis, Rev. Charles F. Bradley (died May 7, 1896), Rev. Thomas J. Horner, Rev. Samuel L. Elberfeld, Rev. Charles W. Pearson, Rev. Charles P. Elliott (1906-12), Rev. Richard F. Tischer and Rev. Lyman M. Greenman, the present in- cumbent, who commenced his ministry in December, 1913. Under Mr. Greenman 's pastorate the church has held its own and, in defer- ence to the manifest wishes of the society for a change of location to a present residence district of the city, a beautiful new church was erected in 1913-14, on Hampshire and Sixteenth streets, at a cost of about $20,000. It was dedicated in February, 1914. Kentucky Street Methodist Episcopal Chxjkch The organization above named was known for more than seventy years as the First German Methodist Episcopal Church, and dates its foundation from October, 1844, when Rev. Phillip Barth came to Quiney from St. Louis as the representative of Reverend Jaeobi, the presiding elder. Although a number of German Methodists were interested in the enterprise, the society was not organized until March, 1845, when twenty-eight members came together for that purpose. In July, 1846, the first house of worship was erected on Jersey Street near Fifth, and six years later a new building was erected on that site. That structure is now the natatorium. In 1873 the Bethel German Methodist Episcopal Church split off from the parent trunk and occupied a building at Twelfth and Jefferson. In 1901 the parent church erected the present meeting house at Eighth and Ken- tucky streets, at a cost of $20,000. Following is a list of the pastors up to the time that tlie society adopted the name by which it is now known. Rev. Philip Barth, William Sehreek, William Herminghauf, Sebastian Barth, Philip Barth (second term), Casper Yost, H. F. Hoenecke, Charles Holtmann, George Boeshenz, John Walter, David Huene, Dr. John Schmitt, George L. Mulfinger, Henry Ellerbeck, E. C. Margaret, George Beuhner, John Schlagenhauf, M. Roeder, QUIN'CY AND ADAMS ( OINTV 55:j William Wilkenuing, C A. C. Arehard, Henry Suliutz, J. F. Froeschle, Frauz Piehlcr, George Heidel, II. C. Jacobi, John Lcinkau, A. H. F. Ilertzlcr and D. S. Wahl. The name was changed from tlie First German Methodist Episcopal Church to the Kentucky Street Metiio- dist Episcopal Church in December, 1916. The approximate value of the church property as it stands today is $23,000 ; present member- ship, 225. The Salem Evangelic.vl Church This is one of the old and Hourisliing Protestant ehnrches which have given Quiney such a high standing in the religious community. The commencement of the organization was found in the holding of services by Rev. Christoph Jung, on Maine Street near Seventii, in the month of April, 1848. Soon afterward his hearers and followers, under his pastorate, formed the Salem German Evangelical Congre- gation of Quiney, being in affiliation with the German Evangelical Synod of North America. At first they met in the old Congrega- tional Church building, at Fifth and Jersey streets, but in the sum- mer of 1848 erected their own house of worship, a small brick church, on a lot donated to them for that purpose by Governor Wood, on the northeast corner of Ninth and State. It was dedicated on Thanks- giving day of 1848. The first officers of the church were: Charles Michel, president ; George Gutaphels, secretary ; and John Sehoene- mann, treasurer. A school building was erected in 1852 and in June of that year Mr. Jung resigned the pastorate, on account of sickness contracted during the cholera epidemic. His successor. Rev. S. Liese, served for about eight years, and in 1860 took with him all but forty-seven of the voting members of the congregation to form St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church. Mr. Liese 's successor was Rev. Simon Kuhlenhoolter and in May, 1861, the second year of his pastorate was ushered in by a formal affiliation of the Salem congregation with the Evangelical Synod of North America. ^Ir. Kulilenlioclter faithfully served his church for nearly twenty-two years, or until his death on New Year's day, 1882. During that period a new parsonage was l)uilt (1862). an addition TO the old church (1863) was made, Groenmount Cemetery (1875) opened and the elegant and substantial house of worship still occu- pied (1876-77) was completed. Its cost was about $50,000. Four months after "Sir. Kuhlenhoelter's death Rev. L. Von Raguo became pastor. The latter resigned in 1893 and Rev. Julius C. Kramer was called to the pulpit. Among other noticeable improvements made during his incumbency were the placing of the beautiful tower clock, the frescoing of the church interior and the installation of a fine organ. Mr. Kramer terminated his pastorate in 1911, and the eon- pregation elected as his successor the Rev. IT. J. Lecmhuis of 'Fallon, Illinois. The church was then in a critical period, the most important problems arising out of the fact that the younger generation was 554 QULXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY not familiar with the German language which had always been the ofiSeial language of the congregation. The new pastor succeeded in solving this problem by introducing and gradually increasing the use of the English language. The church will ultimately be an English- American Church, but the process of transformation is being worked out slowly and systematically, so that on the one hand the younger people are satisfied, while on the other hand the rights of the older people are not endangered by any revolutionary measures. In 1912 a very large hall was erected for the use of the flourish- ing societies of the church. This hall is equipped with complete paraphernalia for dramatic performances. There are club-rooms, pool tables, a gymnasium, a large dining room and a kitchen with all modem conveniences. The cost of this improvement amounted to $25,000. The rest of the church property was also repaired and improved. Especial attention was paid to Gre^nmount Cemetery, which is the property of Salem Church, and which has grown to be one of the most beautiful memorial parks in Southern Illinois. At present the value of the entire church propert.y is about $200,000. There are 600 families affiliated with Salem Church. The Ladies' Aid Society has 400 members, the Men's League 200, the Young People's Society 200. The Sunday school is in a flourishing con- dition. The Christian Churches The Disciples of Christ at Quincy were organized under the name given above in October, 1850, there being twenty-eight charter mem- bers. For thirteen years the society had no resident pastor. In 1863 Rev. A. H. Sims assumed charge and thus continued for three 3'ears. Among those who have served the church may also be men- tioned Kevs. Belshea, D. R. Howe, J. H. McCullough, H. D. Clarke, J. T. Toof (nine years) , J. B. Mayfield, P. N. Calvin, C. B. Edgar, J. M. Goodwin, J. H. Rudy, L. H. Stine, W. W. Burks, W. Jordan and W. D. Endres, the present incumbent. There is also what is known as the East End Christian Church, of which Rev. L. C. Mauck is pastor. St. Jacobi Evangelical Lutheran Chitrch In August, 1851, the religious body known as St. Jacobi Evan- gelical Lutheran Church was formed in the old school building on Fifth Street between York and Kentucky, and a parochial school was soon afterward organized. Tbe first house of worship was erected at Seventh and Jersey, and in 1866 the building of today was occupied at Eighth and "Washington streets. St. Jacobi Church is noted for the long pastorates of those who have ministered to its wants. Rev. August Schmieding, the first pastor served from 1851 to 1875. He then resigned and was sue- QUINCY AND ADAILS COU.NTY 555 ceeded by Il«v. William Hallerberg. lu l'JU4 the latter, o\viiieing clerk of the vestry. The first priest to officiate at any service of the new parish was the Rev. "William Bestor Corbyn, February 13, 1871, who shortly after- ward became its first rector. In July building plans for a church and rectory were well under way, John A. Moore having donated the site on North Twelfth Street between Maine and Hampshire. The corner- .stone was formally laid on August 2, 1871. and until its consecration on April 16th of the following year services were held in the Female Seminary and Westminster Church buildings and in the parish school- house on Twelfth Street. Bishop Whitehouse officiated at the conse- cration, being a.ssisted by Bishop Robertson of ^Mi.ssouri. and fifteen other priests. This was the occasion of the first appearance of a sur- pliced boy choir in this section of the countn-. Doctor Corbj-n served the parish and the community with ability and loving care. He was scholarly, wise and sympathetic and not only served his people as a spiritual adviser and guide for thirty-one years, but was at one time principal of the Quincy schools. He died on Good Friday, March 28, 1902, the day of his passing being the fulfillment of a wish he had often expressed. During his rectoratc, on account of his advancing years. Doctor Corb\-n was assisted by Rev. George H. Yarnall, 1887-89; Rev. J. M. D. Davidson, D. D.. now general mis- sionarv- of the diocese, officiated 1889-90; Rev. Wm. Francis Mayo, now of the Order of the Holy Cross, 1891-95; Rev. Frederick S. Pen- fold, now chaplain of a Wisconsin regiment in France, 1902-06. Next to the influence of the first rector, the deepest priestly in- fluences were left on the life of the parish by Father Mayo and Father Penfold. Other priests who have been in charge of the parish are Rev. William A. Gustin, Very Rev. W. 0. Cone, now dean of St. John's Cathedral, and Rev. W. M. Gamble, at present in charge. 566 QUIx\CY AND ADAMS COUNTY Church Federation Several unions of Protestant eliurehes have been attempted within the past score of years in Quincy, but their permanent value as a con- ciliatory, a binding and a cooperative force in the movement either of religion or moral reform lias been questionable. The Men and Re- ligion Forward Movement was one of them, and out of it came in May, 1912, the so-called Federation of Churches, which is, even now, far from representative. Of the latter organization the following are (May, 1918) serving as officers: Kev. I. W. Bingaman, president; Rev. W. 0. Shank, first vice president ; Rev. George A. Buttrick, second vice president ; F. W. Lyf ord, treasurer ; George B. Cawthome, secre- tary. Social, Industrial, Secret and Benevolent Societies The number of social, industrial, and secret and benevolent societies which have prospered in Quincy is proof positive of a very general faith in the efficacy of cooperation in the practical affairs of life. Both the old and standard orders, as well as those of more modern origin which have made remarkable progress, have found a solid footing in the various sections of the city. The Masons, Odd Fellows, Maccabees, Woodmen, Eagles, Knights of Pythias, EZnights of Columbus, Royal Arcanum, two-score unions of workmen with a central Trades and Labor Assembly, and other organizations common to other cities of the size and progi'essive spirit of Quincy, are in constant action and expansion and cannot be exploited in detail. In the first place it would be impossible to give them space, and, secondly, many of them have not responded to requests for information. So whatever imper- fections or incompleteness may be found in this section of the chapter should be attributed to either or both of these causes. The Masons of Quincy As is usually the case, the records of the different Masonic bodies in Quincy are, on the whole, more complete than those of any other order. Their headquarters are in the magnificent temple at Fourth and Jersey streets, which was dedicated in October, 1911. Altogether, the order is represented in Quincy by four lodges. Council, Chapter and Commandery. The history of Masonry in Quincy commences with the formation of Bodley Lodge No. 1, and as such the earlier years of its record are worthy of being recalled. On the sixth of December, 1834, a meeting was held in the office of Dr. Joseph N. Ralston, on Maine Street, "to consider the propriety of establishing a Masonic lodge in Quincy." At that meeting a petition for a charter to the Grand Lodge of Ken- tucky was drawn up and signed by Daniel Harrison, Daniel Whipple, Henry King, Samuel W. Rogers, J. N. Ralston, Joshua Streeter, John yULXCY AND ADAMS LULNTY 567 Wood, Hiram Rogers, II. S. Montandon, A. Miller, Henry Asbury, J. T. Holmes, Nathaniel Pease, Michael Mast, Salmon t'oxwell, Richard M. Young and Samuel Alexander. The petition recommended Daniel Harrison for \V. M. and Daniel Whipple and Henry King for wardens. The charter was granted August 31, 1835, and oflBcers were installed October 19, 1835, by H. H. Snow, as follows: Daniel Harrison, W. M. ; Daniel Whipple, S. W.; Hcniy King, J. W. ; J. T. Holmes, treasurer; Hiram Rogers, secretary, J. X. Ralston, S. D. ; Michael Mast, J. D. ; Henry Asbury, tyler. In October, 1840, the Grand Lodge of Illinois was organized at Jacksonville, and a new charter was given the lodge and the title Bodiey Lodge No. 1. This charter was accepted by the lodge November 2, 1840. The fii-st officers under the new charter were: Harrison Dills, W. M. ; Hiram Rogers, S. W. ; Thaddeus ilonroe, J. W. ; II. F. Thompson, treasurer; J. H. Luce, secretary; John Crocket, S. D. ; J. Hedges, J. D. ; Michael JIast, tyler. Old Bodiey Lodge No. 1 is still flourishing with (May, 1918) Fred- erick W. Brinkoetter as master ; Charles W. Johnson, senior warden ; J. Hendriekson, junior warden; Frederick 'M. Pendleton, treasurer; Erde W. Bcatty, secretary; and Samuel A. Lee, chaplain. Herman Lodge No. 39 was chartered October 8, 1846. Charles Steinagle was its first master and served until 1848, and among his successors who have held the chair for unusually long terms of service were Isador Benjamin, 1861, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869 and 1871 ; George 0. S. B<>rt, 1874, 1875. 1879, 1881, 1882, 1887, 1889, 1892 ; and Henry Oehlschlager, 1878, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901 and 1902. The lodge has a present membership of over 170, with the following chief elective officers: Charles Stoinagel, worthy master; Damon Hauser, .senior warden ; Christian F. Ruoff, junior warden ; Ferdinand Flachs, treas- urer ; Daniel Stahl, secretary. There are two other lodges in Quincy, Lambert Lodge No. 659 and QuiiK-y Lodge No. 296. and two chapters of the Order of the Eastern Star, Alpha and Grace Whipple. Quincy Chapter No. 5, Rot.vl Arch M.vsons It was organized under dispensation issued by General Grand R. A. Chapter of the United States, April 1, 1846 ; first charter granted by that body, September 16, 1847. Second charter issued by the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Illinois, October 14, 1850. Among the charter members of that date were Stephen A. Douglas, Onias C. Skinner, Abraham Jonas, James M. Pitman, Casper Ruff and A. W. Blakesley. First hitrh pi-iost. Abraham Jonas: fii-st seorotary, Charles Stein- agel. Present high priest, Frank F. Brinkoetter; present secretary. Charles H. Gaushell. There is not one of the dispensation members of April 1. 1846. the charter members of September 16, 1847, or charter inenibors of October 14, 1850, now living. 568 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Quiney Chapter No. 5 has been honored by the election of four of her members to the position of M. E. high priest of the M. E. Grand Chapter of Illinois, viz. : Companion John H. Holton in 1850, Com- panion Louis Watson in 1854, Companion Asa W. Blakesley in 1872. and Companion A. A. Whipple in 1902. QuiNCY Council No. 15, Royal and Select Masters Organized under dispensation from Oslin H. Miner, grand puissant of the Grand Council of Royal and Select blasters of the State of Illinois, December 25, 1863. Chartered by the Grand Council of Illi- nois, October 7, 1864. First thrice illustrious master, William E. Oven; first recorder, A. W. Blakesley. Present thrice illustrious ma.ster, George H. Har- tung; present recorder, Charles H. Gaushell. QuiNCY Commandery No. 77, Knights Templar It was chartered October 24, 1911, by the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Illinois. This commandery is a consolidation of Beauseaut Commandery No. 11 and El Aksa Commandery No. 55, both of Quiney. First Commander, George Milton Reeves; first re- corder, Thomas Jefferson Maeoy; present commander, John Henry Breitstadt ; present recorder, Charles Harper Gaushell. Quiney Commandery has on its membei-ship roster two past grand commanders of the Grand Commanderj- of Knights Templar of Illi- nois: Eminent Sirs Edward Star ]\Iulliner and Alfred Augustus Whipple. QuiNCY Lodge No. 296, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons Quiney lodge was organized under dispensation September 24, 1858 ; chartered October 5, 1859 ; constituted November 4, 1859. First worshipful master, Charles W. Mead ; first secretary, David Shields ; present worshipful master, Hugh E. King ; present secretary, Arthur C. Garrett. Quiney lodge numbers among its members many men who have become eminent in the fraternity. The late Dr. Joseph Robbing was most worshipful master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois and as chairman of the committee on correspondence for a long term of years wan known throughout the Masonic world as an authority on ]\Iasonry. Edward Starr MuUiner served for thirty years as chairman of im- portant committees in the Illinois Grand Lodge, including the com- mittee on credentials and mileage and perdiem. He was right eminent grand commander of the Illinois Grand commandery in 1887. Dr. Alfred Augustus Whipple served as grand commander in 1905 and has also held the ofBce of most excellent high priest of the Illinois Grand Chapter. 570 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Scottish Rite Masonry in Quincy The development of Scottish Eite Masonry iu Quincy, through the establishment and growth of the Quincy Lodge of Perfection, the Council of Princes of Jerusalem, the Quincy Chapter of Rose Croix and Quincy Consistory, covers a period of more than fifty j'ears. The bodies named were chartered at Waukegan, Illinois, iu 1866, and moved to Quincy iu January, 1870. These bodies, upon their removal to Quincy in 1870, occupied ample and commodious quarters with the other Masouic fraternities on the fourth, or upper, floor of the brick block now called the New- comb buUding, northwest corner Fourth and ]\Iaine streets, which were creditablj' fitted up with the exception of stage and scenerj'. Here considerable work was done in the various bodies of the Rite during a period of nearly nine years. From the records of the first Consistory meeting held in. Quincy, Illinois, we find that the very first initiates received in "Waukegan Consistory, Quincy, on January 5, 1870, were Samuel E. Seger, Thad- deus S. Owens, James H. Richardson, Jacob R. Harris, David G. Wil- liams, John "W. Brown, Benjamin F. Hoar, Maitland Boon, Louis IMiller, Wm. B. Larkworthy, Albert Demaree, Granville M. Evatt, H. N. E. Cottiers, John Viberts, Wendelin Weber and Leonard Grieser — all pioneers of this community. Not a single one of this number is now living, all having passed away many years ago. It would be surprising if more than a half dozen brethren in this audience remember them. Most of them lived out their allotted time of ' ' three score years and ten." It is recalled that the ceremonials were, in those days, usually read and explained (it would be impossible to say they were illus- trated) from the Ritual, which was kept very convenient to the in- terpreter. Illustrious Brethren James Lowe, circuit clerk; Jacob M. Smith, mayor; Archibald A. Glenn, lieut. governor, with Wm. M. Avise, John Washington Brown, Granville Evatt, James H. Richardson, Samuel E. Seger, Asa W. Blakesley and E. S. Mulliner, all of whom may be remembered by the older Masons here, were at the head of affairs and active in conferring degrees. None of these are now living except Mr. Mulliner. Illustrious Samuel E. Seger was the first from the consistory to be elected by the supreme council to receive the honorary 33d degi'ee, to which he was elected in Boston, Mass., November 14, 1871. He received the degree at a special session of the supreme council, held in the City of Chicago, Illinois, on Friday, the 28th day of June, 1872. He was one of the most prominent of Quincy 's wholesale merchants and died on March 21, 1882. These Masonic quarters were destroyed by a disa.strous fire on September 6, 1879, originating in the so-called Academy of Music, an immense frame structure a few doors west, used as a theatre, which QUIXCY AND AUAMS COUNTY 571 caught fire early in the evening. Tliere was apparently no inunediate danger of the fire reaching Masonic Ilall and therefore ell'orts were delayed in removing books and lodge property. Getting beyond con- trol, however, it swept through the upper story. Little time was left to remove records aud valuable papers. The records of the lodges and York Rite were nearly- all destroyed, as also were furniture and car- pets, the loss on which was nearly covered by insurance. The records of the Scottish Rite bodies were saved. Their chai-tcrs were burned. Finding no other suitable apartments at the time, these bodies practically discoutiuucd work for some three years, holding business meetings onl^- at the private residences of the members and the com- mander-in-chief. From 1882 to 1885 they occupied by sufferance the ilasonic Hall ; rooms which since the fire had been handsomely fitted up by the York Rite at 526-528 Maine Street in the third story. In May of the latter year the Scottish Rite bodies secured their own quarters in the second aud third stories of the Seaman building, on the east side of Wasiiing- ton Park. In January, 1900, they leased, for a term of years, the room at 5261/2 Elaine Street, immediately below Masonic Hall, and fitted it up exclusively for Scottish Rite work. These apartments were occupied until November 1, 1911. Building of the Temple Since the disa.strous fire of 1879 repeated attempts had been made to unite all the Masonic bodies in Quincy in a movement to erect a Temple in which all might be accommodated. A charter to form such an a.ssociation had been obtained, but was returned with the failure to raise sufiBcicnt subscriptions to guarantee the erection of a suitable building. But in 1906, with the accession to the fraternitj- of such business men as Charles Oehlmann, Emmett Howard, George D. Levi, Joel Henton anil Hciny L. Michaclinann, the project took substantial shape. In September of that year representatives from Bodlej', Her- man and Qiiincy lodges and fi-oni tlie Conunandery and Consistory, applied for a new charter to form the Quincy Masonic Temple Asso- ciation. It was granted February 2, 1907, and the first officers of the association were Emmett Howard, president; George D. Levi, secre- tary; and Charles Oehlmann, treasurer. In March, 1908, Quincy Chapter No. 5 and in ^lay of that year Lambert Lodge No. 659, were admitted into the association. El-Aska Commandery No. 55, which remained outside, was aftenvard merged into Beauseant and Quincy commanderies. Finally the cornerstone of the temple was laid, under the auspices of Occasional Grand Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, on July 20, 1910, and was dedicated October 27, 1911. The Scottisii Rite a])artments on the fourth floor were dedicated on November lltli. The cost of the building and fixtures was $74,000; of the site, $7,000; cement walks, furniture, etc., $.3,000. Total $84,000. 572 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Besides the Consistory and its co-ordinate bodies mentioned, thei'e are in Quiney the following: Quincy Chapter No. 5, Royal Arch Masons, Quincy Council, Royal and Select Masters, and Quincy Com- mandery No. 77, Knights Templar. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows The Odd Fellows of Quincy have been organized for over seventy years, and number tive lodges and an encampment, including two societies of Daughters of Rebekah. The oldest of the existing bodies are Quincy Lodge No. 12, formed March 24, 1845; Allen Encamp- ment No. 4, established in October, 1857 ; Adams No. 365, instituted October 13, 1858, and Golden Rule No. 27 (Rebekahs), chartered in October, 1870. The Knights of Pythl\s Red Cross Lodge No. 44, Knights of Pythias, was instituted in February, 1874, with fourteen charter members : J. M. Schaefer, C. C. ; Dexter Sampson, V. C. ; William A. Schmidt, prelate ; H. G. Burman, K. of R. and S. ; Henry R. Corley, N. of F. ; Fred Wollett, M. of E. ; F. G. Arrowsmith, M. at A. The present officers arev August J. Neimej'er, C. C. ; George E. Lincoln, V. C. ; Carl E. Epler, prelate ; Alex. C. Swartwout, K. of R. and S. S. ; W. Louis Sehrag, M. of F. Preux Chevalier Lodge No. 18 of the same order was chartered on January 18, 1872, with the following persons as charter members : Asa W. Blakesley, Dr. Joseph Robbins, "William M. Avise, Phillip W. Capron, Louis Miller, Milton W. Newton, John Tiberts, Albert Dcm- aree, David G. Williams, H. N. E. Cottinas, Jacob R. Harris, T. S. Owens, W. B. Larworthy, John W. Brown, Samuel E. Seeger, Gran- ville M. Evatt, Joseph Shepherd and Edward S. Mulliner, the last of whom is the only one living at this writing. The lodge was insti- tuted on April 10, 1872, by the grand officers of the State of Illinois. For years the lodge met on the third floor of the old building occupied by the Sterns Clothing Company at Fifth and Hampshire, and later moved to the Rogers Building at the southeast corner of Sixth and Vermont streets, and remained there until 1909 when it moved to its present building at Nos. 514-516 Jersey Street. Its present officers are Dr. H. L. Green, G. C. ; Chas. Zimmerman, V. C ; A. R. Bush, P. ; William L. Drescher, M. of W. ; R. E. Weeks, K. of R. and S. ; D. A. Wheeler, M. of F. ; Lyman McCarl, M. of E. ; Albert Fultz, M. at A. ; W. R. McCormick, L G. ; and Joel Smith, 0. G. In September, 1909, Red Cross Lodge and Preux Chevalier Lodge purchased the building which was the old Methodist Church, at 514- 516 Jersey Street, and converted it into a beautiful Castle Hall, which has been the home of the Knights of Pythias of Quincy ever since. The building is controlled by a board of control consisting of five mem- bers, two appointed by each lodge and one selected by the four that (iUINCY AND AUAMS COLNTV 57:J arc appoiiitfd. The incniln'is of tlu' first board of control were W. R. JleC'oriniik, K. E. Weeks, George E. Long, A. J. Xeinieyer and J. W. Schulte. The members of the present body are A. J. Xeimeyer, Judge Carl Epler, A. R. Bush and Judge Lyman MoCarl. The Ror.vL Arcanum Council Quiucy Council Xo. 195, Royal Arcanum, was organized in Xovem- lier, 1897, with thirty-four charter mend)ers. Its first officers (.-oin- prised : Fry W. Thompson, regent ; Edwin A. Clark, vice regent ; Daniel D. Merriam, past regent; John A. Allen, orator; AVilliam D. Simi)son. secretary; Henry C. Miller, collector. Charles C. Gruese is serving as present regent; Sidney T. Malem, vice regent; John F. W. Kipp, orator; Alex. C. Swartwout, secretary; John T. Tofall, col- lector. Knights op Columbus The Knights of Columbus organized Quincy Council Xo. 583 in June, 1901, and have now a local membership of 500. The charter Mieinbcrs numbered thirty-six. Tliomas A. Scherer was its first grand knight; James H. O'Xeill, deputy' grand knight; John Bernhrock, financial secretary ; Thomas T. Brady, recording secretary ; Harry J. JIulligan, chancellor; and Herman Heintz, treasurer. The successive grand knights of the council have been Thomas A. Scherer, Joseph N. Tibesar, Joseph J. Freiburg, John A. Connery, L. J. Jochem, John W. Kerkering, John B. Carroll, Theodore F. Ehrhart and John Blomer. James A. Schepers is serving as deputy grand knight ; John A. Connery, financial secretary; Richard T. L.vons, recording secre- tary; Rome Wiskirchen, chancellor; Will J. Heintz, treasurer. The Knights of Columbus have their own building at JIainp and Eigiith streets, which was dedicated by Father A. Zurl)onsen, chaplain, on September 12, 1912. It was built on the industrial and cooperative plan. The Columbus Home Association was graut^xl a charter liy the state to erect and conduct a club house, ilartin J. Geise was the architect. The total cost of building and grounds was $35,000 and the members of the association own all outstanding bonds of indebteil- ness. Its president is Joseph J. Freiburg and secretary is Lawrence J. Jochem. Woodmen of the "World Phil Miller Camp Xo. 5, Woodmen of the World, was organized December 3, 1903, and a charter issued to the following: Henry Stein- inctz, Dell Carr. I). S. llniisakcr. Albert H.xiiikcr, Geo. X. Schiiiitt, Wm. Scheid, Wm. Hild, Jos. A. Roy, Fred Banner, A. H. Byers, A. C. Hoffman, Clyde Cobb. F. W. Brinkocttcr. J. A. Thompson, W. J. F. ReifTcrt. 11. W. Scott. H. O. Shunk. W. J. Briiciiing, R. E. Byers, Eugene Bro\viie, Chas. F. Hardyman. 574 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The home office of the W. 0. W. is located at Omaha, Nebraska, having been incorporated under the laws of the State of Nebraska in June, 1890. The local camp was organized with twenty-nine mem- bers, which have increased until at the present time there are 244 members in good standing. The first member of the local camp to die was Joseph A. Roy, whose death occurred November 3, 1906, since which time twenty-seven members have passed to the beyond. The twenty-eight members who have died were insured for the total sum of $31,000. Among the distinctive features of the Woodmen of the World is their erection, at the gi-ave of eveiy deceased member, of a monument at a cost of not to exceed $100, which cost is paid by the order in addition to the amount of insurance carried by the member. Another distinctive feature is the reserve fund of the order. The assessment rate being based upon the American Experience Table of Mortality, is fully adequate to mature each policy, and provide an expense and reserve fund. The hy-laws providing that each month a certain per cent of all monies collected to be set aside as a reserve fund, which is invested only in government and municipal bonds. The present officers of the local camp are as follows : Past consul com- manders, Ralph L. George and Chas. F. Hardyman; adviser lieuten- ant. Prank J. Gate ; banker, Geo. J. Hild ; clerk, F. W. Munroe ; escort, John Houdyshell ; watchman, John B. Scobee ; sentry, Jos. J. Franke ; physicians. Dr. G. W. Bnrch and Dr. H. F. Litchfield; managers, W. C. Dingerson, John W. Wensing and Wm. J. Smith. Tribe of Ben Hur Quiney Court No. 20, Tribe of Ben Hur, was orgauized April 25, 1896, by Supreme Deputy B. H. Siepker, with the following officers: Past chief, Samuel Johnson; chief temple, H. Dunn; judge, India Bonesteel; teacher, E. K. Johnson; .scribe, R. W. Daniels; keeper of tribute, J. W. Stainer. The court has been well officered and man- aged since that time, and regular meetings have been held. The change to basis of fraternal congress rates in 1908 resulted in the loss of a number of members, but there has been some growth in member- ship upon the better basis for new members. A new feature of the organization is a monthly income and disability certificate which provides funeral benefits and a monthly income to the beneficiary; also an old age disability benefit to the member, as well as other total or partial disability benefits. The present membership of Quiney Court is nearly 100 and its officers are : Past chief, R. B. Siepker ; chief, H. D. Condron ; .iudge, H. J. Thies ; teacher, Mrs. Clara Welch ; scribe, N. J. Hinton ; keeper of tribute, ilrs. Lois Hinton ; captain, E. A. Welch ; guide, B. H. Siepker. The Eagles in Quinct The Fraternal Order of Eagles, Aerie No. 535, has also been waxing strong for a number of years past, and in the spring of 1918 completed QUINCY AND ADAMS COrXTY 575 a massive buililiiig botli for a home ami as a business investment, on North Sixth Street. It was completed at a cost of $75,000. The aerie was organized November 15, 1903, and its charter is.sucd January 1, 1904. Its first oflBcers were : P. \\. president, G. W. Vanden lioom ; W. president, Joseph A. Ro.v; W. vice president, C. W. Harbin; AV. chap., Emmet Head; secretary, Fred Terwische; treasurer, Wra. F. Bader: physician. Dr. George Rosenthal. The present officers are: P. W. president, P. W. Reardon ; W. president, Charles E. Ross ; W. vice president, B. J. Knuf; W. chap., R. S. Benedict; \V. cond., George Eberle; secretary, Charles W. Zang; treasurer, AVm. F. Bader; physician. Dr. E. F. Stannus. Other Societies Among the organizations which also show vitality and growth may be mentioned the Improved Order of Red Men, Miiniawanna Tribe No. 159; Knights of Maccabees, Globe Tent No. 97 and Quiney Tent No. 161 ; Modern Woodmen of America, Gem City Camp No. 219 ; Royal Neighbors of America, Oak Camp No. 543 and Queen of the "West Caini) No. 51 ; and Brotiierhood Protective Order of Moose. Gem City Lodge No. 986. Quiney 's prominence as an industrial center is emphasized by the organization of the Trades and Labor Assembly, which is the central body of thirty or forty local unions. Its president is Theodore Bisser and its secretary, Bernhart Deters. The Western Catholic Union The Western Catholic Union was organized by J. J. Becher in Quiney, on October 6, 1877. A charter from the State of Illinois was issued on December 21, 1877, and was signed by Anton Henry Heine, Henry Steinkamp, Jacob Julius Becher. August Bernard IlcUliake, Anton Binkert, George Terdenge, Joseph Jacohy. Louis Stern, John Heine and Jlichael Lllmen. The first supreme president was Anton Henry Heine who served from 1877 to 1880. followed by Alois Gatz, from 1880 to 1882 ; Anton Henry Heine again in 1883 ; John J. Metzger, 1884, 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888 and 1889; Henry Ording, 1890; Anton HenrA' Heine again in 1891, 1892 and 1893: John II. Wavering. 1894; Ben Heckle, 1895; Thos J. Manning, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 aJid 1901: Herman F. Jochem, 1902, 1903, 1904; F. Wm. Heckcnkamp, 1905. 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918. From the date of its organization until 1895 each member was required to pay $1 at every death as a mortuary a-^vse-s-smcnt and the beneficiary received $1 for every member in good standing at the time of his death, until July, 1890, when the membership reached 2.000. This was then made the limit that beneficiaries could draw on the death of a member. In 1905 a level rate was adopted and after that there were 576 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY two foi-ms of certificates issued — one for $1,000 and one for $2,000. The members were grouped as follows : From 18 to 25 years of age, 70 cents per month per thousand ; from 25 to 30, 80 cents ; 30 to 35, 90 cents; 35 to 40, $1; from 40 to 45, which was the age limit, $1.20 per $1,000 per month. In 1904 a new schedule of rates was adopted, based almost entirely upon the fraternal congress rates of a.ssessment. These rates were collected from all members who joined after January 1, 1905. All the members joining prior to the above date were assessed an additional 10 cents per month per $1,000. The age limit was extended from 45 years to 50 years and a $500 certificate was added, making three forms of certificates for the union — namely $500, $1,000 and $2,000. In 1906 the rates adopted in 1905 were applied to all members who joined prior to January 1, 1905, as of their age of entry with the exception of those who joined prior to 1890. These were assessed at the age they were in 1890, with the exception of tliose fifty years or older, who were assessed as of the age fifty. Several years later a $250 certificate was added. Beginning with January 1, 1913, women were admitted on a schedule of rates based on a table somewhat higher than the fraternal congress rates which were pro- nounced sufficient from an actuarial standpoint. In 1916 a schedule of rates for men was adopted based vxpon the fraternal congress rates to be collected at the wish of the member cither annually or monthly, and all members were placed thereon. Those, however, wno joined prior to January 1, 1905, were given the option to join a division that was created and called the "term division," under which they could continue to pay their old rates thej' had been paying but with their term of insurance limited. This placed the "Western Catholic Union upon an actuarily solvent basis. Thus the Western Catholic Union is one of the first societies in the United States that has placed itself and all its mcmbei's on what is known as an adequate rate footing. In 1918 a juvenile section was added to the Western Catholic Union under which children and immediate relatives of members can insure their children on standard rates prepared by the actuary of the Western Catholic Union, Abb Landis of Nashville, Tennessee. On December 21st, the Western Catholic Union celebrated its fortieth anniversary. At this time the 200 subordinate branches in the Union had a total insurance membership of approximately 11,500, of which number approximately 1,600 are women. The amount of money in the mortuary fund at interest is approximately $445,000. Of the signers of the original charter there are still living Anton Binkert, Jos. Jacoby, A. B. Hellhake and Henry Steinkamp. Of the former su- preme presidents three have died, namely, Anton Henry Heine, A. Gatz and Jno. Metzger. The union has paid out to the beneficiaries of 1,900 deceased members the amount of .$3,000,000. Up to 1903 the supreme headquarters was in the home of the .supreme secretary, then John Schauf. He held this office for twenty-five j'ears and was succeeded by F. G. Hildenbrand for three years, who was then followed by William K. Ott, formerlv of Chicago. The first offices rented were in the Binkert t^UlXCY AND ADA.MS LULNTV 577 liiiiUlin^, and. afti-r ten years, tlie i-nlarfioil (iiiartei's now oceupied were secured iu the Illinois State Hank Hiiilding, where an up-to-date vault, with all uecessary features to successfully couduct the mauage- nient has been installed. The matter of rates of a.sscssnients in the Western Catholic Uuion are eutirely i» the hands of an experienced actuary and everything pertaining to the rates is pa.ssed upon liy him. The Western Catholii- Uuion is one of the four oldest strictly fraternal societies in the United States and its financial standing is of such a character that its future is perpetuated. The total collections, all of which go through Quincy banks, amount to an average of almost $700 per day. The Western Catholic Union meets biennially and does business in the states of Illinois, Mi.s.souri, Iowa and Kansas and preparations are heing made to enter the states of Wisconsin and Indiana. Its present system of rates makes it eligible to practically every state in the Union. It has its own official organ since 1905, namely, the Catholic Record, which is sent to each member in the order every mouth, ilost of its branches conduct a sick benefit fund for the relief of members during sicknes.s. It is estimated that .toOO.dOO has been distributed to mem- bers to aid them in sickness and distress by local branches. The Westeru Catholic Uuion differs from most other fraternals, first, that only practical Catholics can be admitted and retained; secondly, that it is on a solvent legal basis, and, thirdly, that it has no secret ritualistic work. The executive offices are entrusted to the supreme of- ficers, namely, the supreme president, the supreme vice president, su- preme secretary, supreme treasurer antl a board of seven trustees. The officers are elected biennially and the trustees have a term of four years. Its meml)ership in (Quincy is a]i])roximately 1,300 divided into nine men's branches and three ladies' branches. The first and oldest branch in the union is St. Nicholas No. 1, in St. Boniface Pari.sh; St. Pat- rick No. 3. in St. Peter's Parish; St. Michael No. 4, in St. Francis Parish; St. Antonius No. 11. St. John's Parish: St. Peter No. 16. in St. Boniface Parish; St. Anthony No. 30, St. Mary's Parish; St. Ro.se No. 52, St. Rose of Lima Parish; St. Andrew No. 54. St. Francis Parish; St. Agnes No. 192, St. Boniface Parish; St. Barbara No. 203, St. Francis Parish; St. Rita No. li)7. St. John's Parish; and St. Antonius No. 51, St. Anthony's Parish, in the country. The present .supreme officers are: F. Wm. Ileckenkamp, supreme iiresident; J. A. Wilbelmi. supreme vice president; Wm. K. Ott, .supreme secretary; Jos. J. Freiburg, supreme trea.surer; Dr. M. J. Klein, supreme med- ical examiner; Walter J. Rueditrer, chairman supreme trustees; Frank Darius, secretary; and August Marx, John Koos. Andrew Zittel, Peter Lofy and Herman Ottens, trustees. QUINCT TlTRN VeREIN The Quincy Turn Verein. one of the old and substantial societies of the city, occupies a large building on Hampshire street between Vol 1— 37 578 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Ninth and Tenth streets, which was completed in 1885. As is well known by residents, the verein combines musical, social and physioal advantages, and has always been supported by the German-American element of Quincy. The Quincy Country Club As early as 1897 there was an interest in golf in Quincy. A rude course was constructed in Lawndale and a solitary player could be seen occasionally hunting his ball in the high grass and clover. In 1898 Dr. S. H. Dana, interested a large number of prominent Quiney men who met and formed the Quinej' Country Club and selected the following men as directors: President, Charles H. Wil- liamson; vice president, Jos. W. Emery; secretary, Fred Wilms; treasurer, Edward J. Parker; C. H. Bull, J. W. Cassid}-, J. A. Still- well, W. P. Upham, and S. B. Montgomery. The club was properly incorporated and began a successful exist- ence at Twenty-fourth and Harrison streets. The course consisted of nine holes, namely, Devil's Ditch, .322 yards; Fair View, 337 yards; Bridge of Sighs, 135 yards; Westward Ho, 439 yards; Isle of Woe, 453 yards; Just Over, 367 yards; High Ball, 259 yards; Punch Bowl, 581 yards; Out of Sight, 198 yards. Total, 3,091 yards. A professional course man and club maker was secured. Quincy players quickly assumed a prominent place as golfers and have con- tinued until the present time to develop some of the best young golf players in the state. A comfortable club house with locker rooms, dance hall, kitchen and porches was erected by the Quincy Countrj- Club House Com- pany and the club still resides in this house although it is rapidly becoming too small for the membership. The club has a member- ship of 150 and a waiting list of twenty. At the present time it is a member of the Western Golf Association and the Central Illinois Country Club Association, which gives the Quiney members the privilege of all other clubs which are likewise members of these same associations. The yearly meeting of the latter association is par- ticularly enjoyable as the tourneys rotate from year to .rear, thus allowing the members of the different clubs to play on the courses and courts of all the other cities and meet their membei'ships. Quincy has been unusually fortunate in the large percentage of champion- ships she has won both in team play and individual play covering golf and tennis. In 1918 the club leased the property at Twenty-fourth and State streets extending along the State Road to Thirtieth. New grounds will be developed here and a fine club house will no doubt be erected after the close of the war. The 1918 ofBcers and directorate include : President, Will A. Pfeiffer; vice president. Dr. Henry Whipple; .sec- retary, T. E. Musselman ; treasurer, Thomas Burrows. (JIIAPTHH XV INDUSTRIAL AND FINANCIAL Oldest Existing Ixdistries — Cuvssificatiox of Today— The QriXCY CllAMBKR OP CoM MERCi:— TlIE QUINCY FREIGHT BuREAU — The Banks of (^iincy — liRAxcn of the State Bank— Flago & Savage Oi'en a Bank — Severai, Failires — Old Bank of QiiNCY— QrrNCY Savings Bank — John Wood and H. F. J. RiCKER— L. & C. II. Bl-LL ESTKR THE BANKING FlELD E. J. Parker's Bank — Order of Seniority — Consolidation of the Bull and Parker Interests — State Savings, Loan and Trist Company— Robert W. Gardner and Edward J. Parker— Death op Lorenzse(|uently was moved to the corner of Maine and Fifth, later occupied by the Messrs. Bull. About the same time, or shortly after, Flagg & Savage commenced l)usiness, .Jonathan II. Smith opened a banking house on .Maine Street in the third store from Fourth Street, which had i)ut a brief existence. Sevekai. Faili'res About 1852 Ebenezcr Moore, .). H. Ilollowbush and E. F. Hoffman, under the style of Moore, Hollowbush & Co., started a banking in- stitution on the north side of the public square where now stands Rickcr's Bank. These two houses (Flagg & Savage and Moore, Hol- lowbush & Co.) were crippled in 1857 by the failure of S. & W. B. Thayer, to whom they hatl made large advances, and were compelled to suspend. The former firm resumed about eight months later, but in 1860 was forced to close pennanently. The firm of Moore, Hollow- bush & Co., after a somewhat longer suspension, was ])artially revived under the name of Moore & Sherman, but discontinued finally about the .same time with Flagg & Savage. 584 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Old Bank of Quikcy The Bank of Quiney, owned by :\Iessrs. Mattison & Boon, com- menced operations in 1856 in the northwest corner building under the Quiney House. During the suspension of the two houses named above their business was large, being the only house of the kind in the city. In 1860 or 1861 this bank closed. QuiNCY Savings Bank In 1857 the Quiney Savings and Insurance Company, afterward the Quiney Savings Bank and now the First National, was opened at the northwest corner of Hampshire and Fifth streets, i-emoving in 1856 to the present location at the corner of Fourth and Hamp- shire. In 1864 this institution was organized as the First National Bank. John Wood and H. P. J. Ricker Flacks; Jansen & Co., afterward Flacks & Company, began busi- ness as bankers in 1859 at the southea.st corner of Maine and Fourth streets, and in the following year (1860) transferred their business to John Wood & Son, who again sold, in 1865, to H. F. J. Ricker. Since 1860 Mr. Ricker had been doing business a.s a banker on Hamp- .shire Street between Sixth and Seventh, and soon after purchasing of Wood & Son moved to Hampshire between Fifth and Sixth, south side, where he remained until the occupation of his present place in 1876, on the north side of the sciuare, intermediate between Fourth and Fifth. L. & C. H. Bull Enter Banking Field In 1862 L. & C. H. Bull connnenced business in the building for- merly occupied by Flagg & Savage, corner of I'ifth and Maine. Their institution was organized in 1864 as the Merchants & Farmers Na- tional Bank. In 1874 the National Bank was discontinued, the par- ties continuing business under the above name. Thomas T. Woodruff operated a banking house from 1860 to 1870 on the west side of the square about the middle of the block. The Union Bank, later at the corner of Hampshire and Fifth, opened in 1869, in Geise's Building, north, adjoining the old court- house, and in 1875 removed to the former site. E. J. Parker's Bank E. J. Parker's Bank, opei'ating on Fifth Street, west side, ad- joining that of the Messrs. Bull, was opened in 1874. The German-American Bank of Gustav Levi & Co., opened in QuiNCY Looking Southeast from the Courthouse M.MNb .StKEKT E.\Xl- KKOM KolUTII. (JlINCY 586 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 3875 on Fourth Street, a few doors nortli of Hampshire, and discon- tinued in 1877. H. A. Geise & Son commenced in 1876 in the building formerly used by the Union Bank. Consolidation op the Bull and Parker Interests Under date of April 30, 1879, announcement was made of the con- .solidation of L. & C. H. Bull's Savings Bank and E. J. Parker & Co. 's Commercial Bank under the name of L. & C. H. Bull, with Joseph W. Emery as cashier. E. J. Parker & Co. moved their office to that of L. & C. H. Bull. The business of the two banks under the new name was continued under the personal management of the active members of both firms. State Savings, Loan and Trust Company In November, 1890, the old firm was authorized to reorganize under the state law as the State Savings, Loan and Trust Company, with a paid-up capital of $300,000 and a term of ninetj--nine years. Lorenzo Bull was president ; Charles H. Bull, vice president, and Edward J. Parker cashier. Business was formally commenced Janu- ary 1, 1891. In January, 1893, the bank occupied a massive new building on the south side of Maine Street between Fourth and Fifth streets. Its main front was of rich Missouri granite, and the interior was elegant and modern for twenty-five years ago. Its trust department was opened in August, 1898, and the institution was one of the pioneers of the state in that regard. In the following December the First National Bank went into voluntary liquidation and was ab- sorbed by the State Savings Loan and Trust Company. Lorenzo Bull had resigned as president of the old organization in the previous July. W. S. Warfield became president of the consolidated bank, with E. J. Parker as cashier and C. H. Bull and Judge S. B. Mont- gomery as vice presidents. Robert W. Gardner and Edward J. Parker Mr. Warfield served as president until the end of 1905, when he was succeeded by Robert W. Gardner, head of the great Governor plant, and the foremost industrial leader in Quincy ; a leader also in brotherhood and philanthropy, perhaps the best and most generally beloved of all its citizens. He headed the affairs of the bank with characteristic zeal and ability initil a few months liefore his death, December 28, 1907. He had suffered a stroke of paralysis in the preceding September, so that his death was not unexpected. Mr. Gardner was in his seventy-sixth year, and left generous bequests to several churches. Blessing Hospital, Woodland Home and the Ffee QUIXCY AND ADAMS L'OL'NTV 587 Putilic Library. As to his family, he left a widow, a daughter and two sons. Kdward J. I'arker, who had been cashier of the bank since 1863, succeeded to the presidency, and continued tlnis until his deeca.se March 1. 1912. At that time lie had enjoyed tiie longest identitica- tion with one bank of anybody in his profession in the State of Illi- nois. Mr. Parker's first wife was a niece of Loren/.o Hull and his second wife, a daughter. After Lorenzo Hull's death in November, 1!H)5, Mr. Parker moved to the old Hull homestead on Maine Street between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, and there he passed his la.st years. The strong characteristics of Mr. I'arker 's character were patience, persistency and absolute devotion to any cause or institu- tion to which he had pledged his faith and work. The strength of his active life wa-s chictly devoted to the heautitication of Quincy, the building up of the State Savings Loan and Trust Company and the con-servation of an ideal home. lie left his fortune to his wife, with- out reserve: which was quite characteristic of him and the absolute faith which he had in his life companion and co-worker. Mr. Parker was identified with ninnerous charities, and his widow has assumed the labors in these connections which ilropped from him with his passing. De.\tii of Lorenzo Hii.i, The death of Lorenzo Hull occurred November 2, 1905, his wife having preceded him from their earthly home two years before. The decea.sed was in his eighty-seventh year, and left the following son and daughters: William H.. then of New York City: Mrs. Elizahetli G. Parker, wife of E. J. Parker; Mrs. Margaret H. Prudden. wife of Doctor Prudden, of West Newton. Ma-ssachusetts: and Mrs. Anna L. Benedict, of Boston. The original Hull homestead was in North Quincy near Fifth; later, the .site of General Morgan's home and now a part of the Cheerful Home. During the last fifty years of his life he resided in the large hou.se at Maine and Sixteenth streets. Besides the work which he accomi)li.shed as a pioneer banker, he served as seeretar>' of the old public library for many years, was one of the founders of the Cheerful Home and, with his .son. operated the Water Works until they were fairly established. Mr. Parker was succeeded in the presidency of the State Savings, Loan and Tru.st Company, by Judge S. H. Mongomery, who had sen-ed a.s \'iee president since 1896, and is still in office. Charles H. Bull, the brother of Lorenzo, died November 27, 1908, while .still holding the vice presidency, when he was succeeded by Mr. Parker. In January. 1908, when Mr. Parker graduate*! from the cashiership of the institution to the presidency. F. W. Crane succeeded to the former office, which he still holds. In 1906, the west half of the large and fine building occupied by the State Savings Loan and Trust Company was completed, nuiking 588 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY its accommodations as commodious and elegant as could be desired and placing them on a par with the best in the state. The growth of the business made it necessary to double the capital stock, in 1912, increasing the amount from $500,000 to $1,000,000. The Bicker National Bank and Its Founder Mention has been made of the purchase of the John Wood Bank in 1864 by Henry F. J. Ricker. He was a native of Germany and in his youth came with his parents to Quincy. As a young man he was emplo^-ed by John Wood, Charles Holmes, Albert Daneke and other early merchants of the city, finally formed a mercantile partnership with Leopold Arntzen, and gathered some capital and much solid reputation. About 1859-60, when immigration to the western country was at its height Mr. Ricker began selling steamship passage tickets, involving domestic and foreign exchange. The funds entrusted to him were carried in a market basket to and from his office and resi- dence, the former being near Seventh and Hampshire streets. The business so prospered that he moved to a better building at No. 508 Hampshire Street, the lower story of which he remodeled for busi- ness purposes. In 1864, when he bought the bank of his old em- ployer, Mr. Wood, he established at that number the combined enter- prises, which was the foundation of the Ricker National Bank. In 1875 the business had so increased that Mr. Ricker bought the site of the present bank building on Hampshire Street between Fourth and Fifth, and erected thereon, in the following year, the modern structure still in use. In 1908-09, however, it was not only com- pletely remodeled, l)ut what is the east half of the building was added to the original structure ; the addition had a frontage of fifty feet. The institution was a private bank until 1881, but on the fourth of April, that year, it was chartered as the Ricker National Bank of Quincy. The founder of the bank died March 4, 1904, and there has been no change in the official management, viz. : Edward Sohm, presi- dent; George Fischer and J. R. Pearce, vice presidents; H. F. J. Ricker, cashier. The capital stock of the bank has been increased from time to time until it has reached $700,000. It has total assets of nearly $6,500,000; surplus and undivided profits, about $360,000, and deposits nearly .$5,000,000. Quincy National Bank In 1887 J. H. Dueker (the furniture dealer), Julius Kespohl, Louis Wolf and G. G. Arends, founded the Quincy National Bank, at the corner of Fourth and Hampshire streets. The bank was in- corporated the same year. The institution is managed by the follow- ing : W. T. Duker, president ; G. G. Arends, vice president ; J. M. Winters, cashier. Its capital is $100,000; surplus and profits earned, .$85,000; average deposits, $1,130,000; resources, $1,415,000. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 589 Mercantile Tkist and Savings Bank This institution \va.s or^aiiized as a ehartered bank April 10, 1!I06, with the following ot!ieers : Fred Wilines, pnsidcnt ; C. II. Castle, vice jiresidcnt : Harvey G. Kiggs, cashier. Mr. Wilms .scrvetl as i)rcsideiit until l!ir2, when he sold his interest in the hank and retired, being succeedeil by John L. Soebbing. ilr. Castle died in May, l'JO!(. and the vice presidency was assumed by J. J. Jlichael. .Mr. Riggs has been the cashier and active manager from the tirst. The bank has a capital of $20(),0(K): surplus and undivided profits of if!!M),Ol)0, and average deposits of .$1,750,000. Illinois State Bank The Illinois State Bank of (juincy was organized Jiily 1, 1009, and its large and finely appointed building at Hampshire and Si.\th streets was occupied in August, 1916. There has been no change in the man- agement, as follows: John H. Best, president; W. J. Singleton, vice president; William Rupp, Jr., cashier. The capital of the bank has been incrca.sed from .$12r>,000, the first year, to .$300,000 in 1914. The surplus and undivided profits amount to about .$40,000 and the average deposits more than .$2,000,000. Other Banks The financial institutions mentioned are all located in the central business District of Quincy. With the expansion of the city several minor banks have been established in outlying territory. Of these are the Broadway Bank, with a branch, of which W. H. Middendorf is president; the State Street Bank, a private institution at the corner of that thoroughfare and Eighth Street, in which W. H. Covert, H. C. Sprick and Walter A. and Hariy J. Hcidbreder have long been interested : and the South Side Branch Bank, on South Eighth Street, of which John A. Berlin is manager. CHAPTER XVI CAMP POINT Early Settlements in Township — Peter B. Garrett and Thomas Bailey — Pioneer Churches — Rise of Garrett's Mill — Camp Point Platted — Influence op Thomas Bailey — Bailey Park and the Opera House^ — The Maplewood High School — Other Residence Essentials — The Camp Point Journal — The Two Banks — The Churches — Fraternity Temple and Societies — The Independent Order of Odd Fellows Lodges — Women's Organizations. The pleasant, progressive village of 1,200 people, known as Camp Point, northeast of the central part of the county on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, is at the headwaters of the south branch of Bear Creek, and its site and vicinity still bear proofs of the natural charms of the early times which made the neighborhood such a favorite camping ground for Indian and white alike. The point of timber which originally extended into the prairie has been virtually obliterated by cultivated farms and the expanded village, but, even from the landscape of today, it is not difficult to reconstruct the Indian Camp Point of the '20s and '30s. When a petition was circulated to secure a postoffice at Garrett's Mills, it was thought that the name mentioned was too long and the "Indian" was omitted. Early Settlements in Township The earliest settlements in the township were made at and near the village of today. Daniel Smith and James La.sley, brothers-in- law, came to the locality in 1828 and established homesteads on sec- tions 28 and 29, two or three miles west of the present site. In the fall of 1829 ]Mr. Lasley sold his improvements to Jezreel Shoemaker, who continued to reside there for several j-ears. Messrs. Calley and Rand, the latter Galley's son-in-law, located on the northeast quarter of section 27, in what was to be the edge of Garrett's Mills, or Camp Point. Jonathan Brown, who established his homestead in section 3, was the first resident in the northern part of the township. In 1831 a Mr. Lock, who had settled the year before on the northeast quarter of section 22, transferred his land and improvements to William Wilkes, whose descendants still own the place. Samuel McAuulty, 590 QriNCV AM) ADA.MS CorXTV r>9i Williiiiii McAimlty ami Lewis .MiFiirliuni settled in the extreme iiortluTU portiou of the township (section 3) in 1832. Peter B. Garrett and Thomas Bailey Peter B. Garrett located in section 26, during the fall of 1835, and immediately commeiKN-d to form tlu- nucleus of the little settle- ment, which, for some years afterward, retained his name. The first schoolhouse in the township or on the site of the village was built on his land in 1836. and a man named Brewster was the first teacher. The second was built on section 2!(. about three miles west, in thi' spring of 1840, and Thomas Bailey, afterward one of the founders of the vilJajre taught the first class in it. As several families had now settled ill the northeastern portion of the township, a third .school- Re-^idence!* at Camp Point house was erected on thi- southwest quarter of section 12. and I'. \V. Lcet was employed as its teacher. Other Distinguished Citizens Among the citizens of Camp Point who have attained some dis- tinction James E. Downing, Thomas J. Bates, Jacob Groves and Dr. Samuel .Mileham serveroii, the swicty by that name still being main- tained l>y the denomination mentioned. The second house of woiTship was erected by the Cumljerlaud Presbyterians, a short distance west of Camp Point, but the building has been razed and the society dispei-sed. Whiskey Raid It is said that the firet mercantile enterprise put on foot by Thomas G. Stevens, in 1850, came to a sudden end — pronounced by some un- timely, by others, most timely. At tii-st, when he sold only groceries, his project met with general favor, but when he added whiskey to his stock a strong contingent of "drys" objected. They held a meeting, raised a fund to buy out his stock of liquor, and, although the owner protested that he desired to sell at retail as a more profitable plan, his business views were ignored, the purchase mom-y was tendered, the barrel of whiskey rolled outside the store and its contents poured on the ground. First Township Officers The population of the township increased slowly for several years and the township was politically organized in 1849. The first otiiccrs elected were Thomas Bailey, supervisor; John Adams, clerk; John Downing. a.s.se.ssor; Vixen P. Gay, collector; Peter H. Garrett, Ebon C. Downing and Samuel McAnulty, highway commissionei-s; Lewis ilcFarland and James Robertson, justices of the peace. The office of supervisor has been filled by the election of the following citizens: Thomas Bailey, James E. Downing, Vixen P. Gay, Silas Bailey, Thomas J. Bates, Richard A. Wallace, George W. Cyrus, Charles V. Gay, Fred A. Morley. Matthew W. Callahan, James R. Guthrie, Levi Cate. and Alexander Thoinp.son. The present officers arc Alexan- der Thompson, supervisor; John 0. Ward, clerk; George W. Omer, as- ses.sor: IlenrA- C. Welsh, highway commissioner; George W. Cyrus and George W. Francis, justices of the peace; George Gniny, con- stable. Rise of G.vrrett'.s Mu-l Industrial life first sprouted in the northern portir)n of the town- ship in 1838, when John Xewland cret^'ted a hoi-sc mill for the grind- ing of com on the north half of section 5. Rut nothing like a manu- facturing center appeared until 1S44, when Peter H. (Jarretf erected a carding machine on tli.- pr. ^.-nt -jt." ..t' Camp Point and during the Vol 1— » 594 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY following year added a grist, mill. The power for both was furnished by a tread wheel worked by oxen. Later steam power was added and the plant developed into the modern mill owned and operated bj' W. A. Berrian & Company. Casco Mill was built in 1866 by Thomas Bailey, Silas Bailej^, William L. Oliver and Oriuond Noble. It has been long since dismantled. Lewis McFarland established the first tannery in the '30s and he served as the first justice of the peace in the township. Benjamin Booth opened the first blacksmith shop at an early day, and in 1846 James H. Langdon opened a second, at Ctarrett's Mill. Granderson M. Hess opened the first general store at that place in 1854. Camp Point Platted Camp Point, as a village, dated from 1855, when it was platted and made a station of the Northern Cross Railroad. Cars commenced running in February. At that time the owners of the town site were Thomas Bailey, Peter B. Garrett, Benjamin Booth and William Farlow. The township had been created in 1850 and Thomas Bailey was elected as its first supervisor. Among his early successors were James E. Downing, Vixen P. Gay, Silas Bailey, Thomas J. Bates, Richard A. Wallace and George W. Cyrixs. The last named, one of the advisory editors of this history, is still alert physically and mentally and is one of the best informed men in the county. Influence of Thomas Bailey The influence of Thomas Bailey wa.s felt longer and stronger than that of anyone who has been identified with the growth of Camp Point. He was of an old ilaine family and the year following his departure, as a young man, reached Adams County and first en- gaged in teaching near Garrett's Mill. But he soon was investing his savings in farm lands, early improved a quarter section and erected a residence thereon. A portion of Camp Point was laid out on it, when it was platted in 1855, and he made several additions to the original tract. Finally he became one of the large and pros- perous land owners of that section of the county, and for a number of years also engaged in merchandizing and milling at Camp Point. In 1867 he founded the Bailey Bank, a private institution, which he conducted successfully for thirteen years. In 1873, with George W. Cyrus, he established the Camp Point Journal, and the association continued for tliree years, when Mr. Cyrus became the sole pro- prietor. Mr. Bailey served as township supervisor during two terms in the '50s, and in 1875 was chairman of the board. He was a justice of the peace of Camp Point Township for more than forty years, and after the birth of the republican party .served repeatedly as a QUINCY A\l) ADAMS COINTV 595 delegate to its eouuty, state and national conventions. lie was also one of the old and jironiincnt .Masons and Odd Fellows of the county. Bailey Park am> the Oi'era House Perhaps more permanent and noteworthy nionunients to his mem- ory are the gifts of the 20-acre tra<-t of land known as Bailey Park and the Opera House Block, in litOM. The former, whicii adjoins the corporation limits on the north, at the time of his di-ath. iiad been oecupied for more tiian twenty years by the Adams County Agri- cultural Society as a fair ground. The grove of tine trees embraced in the tract formed the basis for tlie park improvement, whicii has de- veloped into an excusable village pride. It is famous as a resort and is utilized by the ("hautaufiua Asso<'iation as a jilace of meeting. Railroad Park is a striji of land through the center of the village owned by the C, B. & Q. Railroad Company and turned over to the village for park purposes. It is shaded by large trees wliia.ss into the hands of the trustees named to be u.sed for the same purpose. Three of the original trustees have passed away, ami their successors were chosen V)y the annual town meetings. Other Residence Essentials Cam|) Point has also a Free Public Library, which is rightly classed as an educational agency, working, as it does, in close co-operation with the village school. With electric light supplied by the Illinois Public Service Company, protection from tire afforded by a good gas engine and an alert volunteer department, and an abiuidancc of pure water drawn from numerous deep cisterns, the village is pro- vided with the essentials for cheerful, safe and sanitary residi-nce. When to these advantages are added churches, societies, a well con- ducted newspaper, two substantial banks, an elevator, feed mill and a sufficient number of business houses to fully supply the wants of citizens and their families — what more could be asked for comfort and happiness? The Maplewood High School Camp Point has been noted for more than half a century for the excellence of its schools. In the summer of 1866, a site was pureha.sed for the erection of a gi-aded school building, which was completed in the following year. It was built in a large block of ground whi«h 596 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was ijlaiited to maple trees, and the school was therefore christened Maplewood. As such, it became prominent as an educational center throughout tlie county. The building was three stories in height and completed at a cost of $25,000. Its first principal, Prof. Samuel F. Hall, came from I'rinceton, Illinois, and during the eighteen years of his superintendeney brought Maplewood School into much prom- inence. Pupils came to the high school not only from the neighbor- hood of Camp Point, but from far di.stant parts of the county, and during the earlier period of its work it is said that fully one-half of the teaching force in Adams County comprised graduates of Maple- wood High School. Improvements in the building and pedagogical methods have been continuous, so that as an educational institution it is still up-to-date and a source of village pride. It has long been one of the leading accredited high schools of the county. The Maple- The Maplewood High School wood School of today is in charge of Prof. J. D. Knight, who has some 350 pupils under his .superintendence. The Camp Point Journal The newspaper historj- of Camp Point covers more than fiftj' years. W. R. Carr established the first local paper in April, 1866, under the name of the Camp Point Enterprise. It was printed in Augusta, where the proprietor also issued the Banner. In 1867 the Enterjirise was .sold to E. E. B. Sawyer, who moved the plant to Camp Point and in 1870 sold it to J. M. & J. E. Kirkpatrick. The Kirkpatricks conducted it for two years when the Enterprise was suspended. In January, 1873. the material of the defunct newspaper was purchased by George W. Cyras and Thomas Bailey, who began the publication of the Camp Point Journal. In 1877 ^Ir. Bailey dis- posed of his interest to his partner, and Mr. Cyrus conducted the yi'lNCV AND ADAMS CorXTV 5U7 paper until 1910. Jii the year named Elmer T. Selby purchased the Journal of ilr. Cyrus and in Marcii, l!'].^, Mr. Selby sold it to Frank Groves, tiie ])resent proprietor. The B.\nks and Hc»mi;.steai) Assdciatkin There are two prosperous hanks in the viilagre. The Camp Point Hank wa.s estal)lished by Thomas Hailey in lb68. It was suliscquiMitiy owned by Bailey and Seaton (Richard Seaton) then the (inn became Seaton & Wallace (Richard A. Wallace), tiien R. A. Wallace & Brother (John 8. Wallace). The bank wa.s sold in 1892 to Charles V. and Albert T. Gay and the title became the Camp Point Bank. The People's Bank was orfranizcd in ]8!):j by JI. W. Callahan. Hez. G. Henry, Samuel Farlow antl Christopher S. Booth. Mr. Booth later disposed of his interesfr and .Mr. Karlow gave his interest to his daufrhti-r. now Mrs. II. G. Henry. The Camp Point Homestead Association, a building and loan association, was organized in 1889, with Frederick Boger as president and Georfre W. Cyrus as secretary. It has a.ssisted a ?reat many peo])le in securing homes. Mr. Cyrus remains secretary at the pres- ent time. The live stock and prain Trade have always tn-en important fac- tors in the prosperity of the business men of the village and the farm- ers of the adjacent territory. In the poultry and egg trade an e.xtensive busine.ss has been developed. The Churche-s The Methodist Episcopal Church of Camp Point was organized in 18')') by Rev. Curtis Powell. A brick V>uilding was erected a few years later. During 1892 under the pastorate of Rev. James R. Ivins the present handsome structure was erected. The following have ser\'ed as pa-stors of the church: Reverends Atkinson. .Montgomery, B. F. Newman, Lester Janes, M. Miller. Aver>-, Henry Wilson. C. Y. Hecox, A. JI. Pilcher, John C. Sargent, Thoma.s J. Bryant. William A. Crawford. Reuben Gregg. Lewis F. Waldcn, J. H. Dobbs, A. L. Jlorse, Thonuis W. Greer, W. .Malay Reed, James R. Ivins, A. -N. Simmons, Thomas M. Dillon, R. S. Mc.Vabb, C. N. Cain. A. S. Chap- man, E. A. Hedges. E. II. Fuller, Leo Howard, R. W. Ennis, J. S. Smith, Charles E. Taylor, and A. R. Grummon. The present mem- bership of the church is 330. The Presbyterian Chnrch was or.L'ani/cd September 1. 18.")o, with nine members. Rev. II. C. Abernathy was the active spirit of the little group served as acting pastor while regidarly employed at Columbus. Rev. W. T. Hartle was the first stated pastor. The first meetings were held in a school hou.se. then in a hall above E. B. Cur- tis' store, now owned by Edward C. Farlow. Thomas Bailey donated a lot and a small church building was erected in 1867. Afterward the building wa.s reconstructed ajid increased in size. 598 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The sociefi^ of the Christian Churc-h was organized at the school house east of the town Jul3' 20, 1865, with thirty-four members, none of whom now survive. Robei't H. Routh, John W. Miller and Dr. Smith G. Moore were selected as the firet elders. A church build- ing was erected the next year on a lot where the Fraternal Temple now stands. This building served the needs of the society until 1893 when the building was reconstructed and an addition erected. This building was destroyed by tire in 1912. The present beautiful edifice was dedicated in February, 1913. The pastors were as fol- lows: Josepli Lowe, Jerome H. Smai-t, J. II. Garrison, A. J. John- sou, Winters, W. T. West, W. T. Maupin, James R. Ross, Eugene J. Lampton, D. W. Wilson, Robert A. Omer, Orren Dilley, Charles Laycock, J. T. Webb, W. H. Applegate, H. J. Reynolds, Geo. W. Wise and C. C. Wisher. The church has (June, 1918) about 30U active members. The Odd Fellows ('amp Point Lodge, No. 215, was instituted October 17, 185G, with John Williamson, John Watson, John F. Alberti, John T. Hagerty and John Nowland as charter members. The lodge has grown and prospered having now about 150 members. It owns the stately three- story building which was erected in 1897. The building was dedi- cated by George C. Rankin, grand master of the state in the presence of a large audience, November 9, 1897. The Odd Fellows also have a substantial encampment. The M.vsons Benjamin Lodge, No. 297, was instituted August 11, 1858, by Harrison Dills, grand master of the state, with John R. Warren, ,Iohn A. Roth, Isaac Covert, William L. Oliver, Ormond Noble, Ansel Warren, Jesse L. Reed and Josei)h Keenan as charter members. The lodge did not receive a charter in 1858 and the dispensation under which it acted was continued until October, 1859, when a charter was issued. The lodge met in various halls until 1892, when the second f*tory of a brick building on Jefferson Street was purchased and fitted for lodge purposes. This hall was occupied until October, 1915, when the building was destroyed by fire. In conjunction with the order of Knights of Pythias the present Fraternity Temple was erected and dedicated June 6, 1917, by Ralph II. Wheeler, grand master. This striking edifice was erected at a cost, including furniture, of ^18,000. The lodge membership is 125 and includes Isaac Cutter, grand sec- retary of the Grand Lodge of the state. Fraternity Temple is handsomely finished and furnished. It is approached by broad stairways from the ground surface, while the first story contains kitchen, dining room, club rooms, billiard hall and other modem accessories to complete lodge pleasures and com- forts. t^riXlV ANU ADAMS C(JLNTV 599 Tin' follow iiijr pfrsoiiN have si-rvt'd tlic lodfjc as worshipt'iil niastt-rs: John It. Warren, \V. T. IJartlc, 1". M. Iloni(ioii, John A. Koth. M. l\ Stewart, Samuel Miiehani, Solomon Aispaiigh. George W. Cyrus, Thomas Bailey. John H. Francis, I{ichanl Si-at()n, Joseph I*. Lasley, Ormoml Nolile, James K. 1'. Little, John \V. C'reekmur, l{ankin W. Castle, Isaae Cutter, Fred A. Morley, George Gruuy, Benjamin T. Earl, Charh's W. Blood, Rol.ert F. llumlilc, Danii-I \V. Cri|.p.'n, Wil- liam W. .Mcllatton, He/i'kiah G. lienry, Jonathan Ensminger, Hugh S. Nations, J. Harry Pittman, Edson B. 0. Dean, Harry S. Blood, Fraternity Temple Aubrey D. Spenee, Charles N, Fletcher, Janus H. Downing, Harry C. Gannon and Orves Hudson. C.vMi' Point Ciiaiter Camp Point Chajiter, No. 170, Royal An-h Masons, was instituted April 29, 1875, with George W. Cyrus, ilartin L. Stewart, Richard Scaton, John H. Francis, Andrew Hughes, Thomas A. Lyon, James W. Caldwell. Thomas Bailey and Samuel Curless as charter members. The several high priests of the chapter have been George W. Cyrus, Richard Seaton, John W. Creckmur, James K. P. Little, George W. Francis. Isaac Cutter. William E. Gilliland, Louis Olberg, Ben.jamin T. Earl. Robert F. Humble. Joshua 1). Rainier. George Gniny, Henry J. Lewis, James E. McCarty, William H. Callahan, Edson B. O. Dean. J. Harry I'ittman, Edgar W. Greenhalgh, Harry S. lilc.od and Aubrey D. Speuce. Knigiit.s of Pythia-s Excalibnr Lodge No. 297, Knights of P,vthias. was organized in July. 189L It is in a flourishing condition. 600 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Women's Organizations The women of Camp Point have been active in literary and reform- atory matters. They have taken an especially prominent lead in tem- perance matters, through the Adams County Woman 's Christian Tem- perance Union. That bod.y wa.s organized at Camp Point on March 28, 1888, and the following officers were elected: President, ]\Iiss Irene Smith ; recording secretary, Mrs. S. Woods. Unions were organ- ized at Camp Point and Clayton and these, with Quincy, constituted the first county union. A young people's society was also organized at each place. In a few years organizations were formed at Loraine, Liberty, Coatsburg, Fowler, Payson, Plainville, Burton and Adams. Mrs. Vincent Francis, Miss Nellie Scott, ilrs. Agnes Wagner, Mrs. Xeff Wells, Mrs. A. E. Sigsbee, Mrs. Margaret Grubb, Mrs. M. L. Dines, Mrs. Rebecca Viekers, Mrs. Maiy Edwards, and ilrs. Josie Lummis have served as presidents. Mrs. !Mary Edwards is at present the county president. Others prominent in the work in Adams Coun- ty have been Mrs. Ella Honnold Collier, Miss Ida McClure, Mrs. Geo. W. Cyrus and Mrs. Anna Smith of Camp Point; Mrs. Benson, Miss Mary Bray and Miss Mary Poling of Mendon ; Mrs. Emma Randies Cdeeeased) of Loraine: Mrs. F. Fred and Mrs. S. Lawless of Liberty; Mrs. R. Stahl (deceased) of Fowler and many others. The work of the county organization is largely, as Frances Willard said, "to edu- cate, agitate and legislate." Specifically, local organizations are also the Civic Improvement Society and the Woman's Literary Club, of Camp Point. The latter was organized in February, 1907, with Miss Bessie Allen as its presi- dent. The membership of the club is limited. Miss Harriet Hunsaker is now its president. CIIAI'TKH XVII CLAYTON AND GOLDKN Early Settlers of Clayton Township — The I^IcCoys Found tiik Village — .Moving the Old Town to the Cointky — The Village or Today — Banks — Chirches and Societies — Northeast Town- ship — Folnding of Keokik Junction — The Junction Platted — The Golden of Today — School and Newspaper — The Churches of Golden. Claytou Township, in the nortIiea.stern part of the county, is iuter- seeted almost diagonally from southwest to northeast by Little Mis- souri Creek, which drains and waters its area and makes of it one of the best agricultural regions of this section of the state. The soil is usually of a dark vegetable loam and there are few tracts which are not readily tillable, those being virtually confined to a narrow bluff along the Little Missouri. The first settlers of the township located in the valley of that stream. Early Settlers of Clayton Township Obediah Hicks is credited with l)cintr the pioneer of the township, and he settled with his family, in 1829, on the northwest corner of .section 23. In April of the following year came David yi. Campbell, who located on the southeast quarter of section 21, and there his son and other descendants continued to reside for many years. Jlr. Campbell was the first teacher in the to«7iship, but it is said that he had but "one session a week, and that on Sunday at the houses of the pioneers." In the fall of 1830 Rev. John E. Curl settled on section 31, where William Curry afterward lived, and there gave one of his daughters in marriage to Josiah Gantz. This was the first marriage to be celebrated in Clayton Town.ship and Rev. David Wolf performed the ceremony. About this time Jacob I'ile located on section 23, and soon afterward Daniel Pile settled on section 24. The latter was elected the first justice of the peace. The first death recorded in the town.ship was Sarah J., the infant dnugrhter of David M. Campbell and wife, in Augu.st, 1832. The McCoys Found the Village All of the.se events were happenings previous to the foundinp of the Village of Clayton, in the summer of 1834, by the three McCoy 601 602 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY brothers, Charles, Rev. Reuben K. and John. The original town was located on the northeast quarter of section 34, and Charles McCoy, being an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, named it in honor of the great statesman. Rev. R. K. JlcCoy, a Presbyterian minister, erected the first residence in the new town. Two years after^vard a church of his denomination was organized at Clayton, and he presided over it there until his death in 187-1. MovmG THE Old Town to the Country Charles ilcCoy built and opened the first store, but sold to Sidney Parker, of Quincy, a few months afterward. Ja.son Wallace opened a general store in 1836, and also served as postmaster, while David M. Campbell erected the first hotel of the place in the summer of 1835. After keeping the inn for about five years he disposed of it to C. McMurry. In the meantime Mr. Campbell had built a larger two- story structure on the same lot, which he moved to his farm, a mile and a half northwest of town. At the time, a deep snow covered the country, and Mr. Campbell, fastening long timbers under the house to serve as runners, collected a battery of nineteen yoke of oxen and gave the word to start the building on its journe.v. It was an occa- sion of great excitement and the whole neighborhood turned out to witness the remarkable feat of engineering. It was accomplished without accident, to the accompaniment of the shouts of the chief and amid the excited acclaims of the spectators. The building stood for many years and was long the residence of Samuel Newhouse. The transportation of the Campbell Building fell in that early period of Clayton's history when its future was not at all bright, and it was not the only structure which wa.s moved from the village to near-liy farms, although it was probably the most ''sizable." For several years the town site was almost aljandoned, and there was really no revival of substantial life until the railroad came in 1856. Since then a number of additions have been made to the original town, so that the village covers portions of sections 27, 34 and 35. The Village of Today The present Village of Clayton is situated on the Keokuk branch of the Wabash system, and is the center of a large district rich in the products of the farm. It has well paved or graded streets and pleas- ant residence thoroughfares and, aside from its retail business houses, a number of establishments of a more extensive nature. Its flour mill, of which H. J. Laurie is proprietor; the feed mill and coal yard of Smith Brothers ; the stock yards and elevator, owned and operated by F. W. Burgesser; the fine nui-sery of the Missing Link Apple Company, of which the veteran Daniel Shank is proprietor; the green house of Charles E. Shank; the cigar factory and two large egg and poultry houses, are among the local and neighborhood illus- I QI'IXCV AXI) ADA.MS COIXTY 60;{ tratious of this high-grade class of activities. The soiitiieast corner of Clayton is also the site of the Kxperinient Station of the Illinois I'nivei-sity. It covers twenty acres and is in charge of .1. II. Smith. Clayton is an incorporated vilUige and its attractive town hall was erected in 1887. The village has no regular sy.stem of water works, hut Irns a i)uhlic well for tire emergencies. Its electric light- ing is furnished by the Central Illinois Public Service Company. The local public .school is well conducted and patronized and is under the nianageuient of Professor IJrewstcr. The first building was erected as early as 1836, but many years passed liefore any structure was built which was worthy of the pui-poses to which it was dedicated. The (ii-st brick public school, two stories in height, was erected in 1877. The Clayton Enterprise was founded in 187!l by Kcv. 1'. L. Turner Business Stkeet in Ci.avton & Son. Within the following si.\ years, F. K. & H. L. Strothcr, F. J. Ayers and othci"s held tiie helm with more or less steadiness, and in 1885 J. L. Staker, who still edits and |>ublishes it, assumed charge of the enterprise. B.VNKS As stated, Clayton and the rich surrounding country support two banks. The Bartlett & Wallace State Bank was founded in 1887. with Henry Baiib-tt as ]iresidcnt and John H. Wallace as vice jiresi- dent. They served a.s such until 1916, and Mr. Wallace has been l)rcsident since. James R. MoflTett has been cashier siin'C 11113. The bank has a capital of $;>0.()()(); surplus and undivided ])rotits, .$5,0110: average deposits, $375,000. The Clayton R.xchange Bank was established in 19(tr>. with (J. W. .Montgomery as j)resiilcnt, W. T. Craig, vice i)rcsident. and W. II. 604 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Craig, cashier, ilr. Montgomery died in 1913 and was succeeded by W. T. Craig as head of the bank. There has been no change in the cashiership. Mrs. G. W. Montgomery has served as vice president since her husband's death. The present capital of the bank is $20,000 ; surplus and undivided profits, $1,500; average deposits, $200,000. Churches and Societies The active churches of Clayton are the Christian, Methodist and Baptist. The Church of God and the Christian Scientists have also societies. The pioneer church, of coui-se, was the Presbyterian, a society of that denomination being formally organized by the Pres- bytery of Schuyler in April, 1836, at the residence of Rev. Reuben K. McKoy, who, with his brothers, had founded Clayton two years before. He had been licensed to i^reach only thi'ee years previously, and continued to labor in its upbuilding for thirty-eight years, or the balance of his life. His longest absence from the Clayton chui-ch occurred in 1863, when, for six months, he was chaplain of the Third Regiment of Missouri Cavalry, the colonel of which was Dr. T. G. Black, also a citizen of the place. John McCoy and other members of the family were also pillars of the church in its early years. The Methodists of Clayton also organized in 1836, their .services being held in schoolhouses and residences until 1850, when their first house of woi-ship was erected. The brick edifice was built in 1875. Rev. H. R. Kasiske is now in charge. The Disciples of Christ Church was organized in 1855, with a membership of fifteen. Its first elders were Dr. T. G. Black and George Racklin. A small frame meeting house was built in that year, which served its purpose until 1906, when it was moved to the rear of the church lot and a large addition made. The structure was again remodeled in 1912. The society has a present membership of nearly 360 and is in charge of B. S. M. Edwards, wdio (fall of 1918) is also mayor of the village. He is in the ninth year of his pastorate over the Disciples of Christ Church at Clayton. The secret and benevolent societies of Clayton represent the ila-sons, lodge, chapter, commandery and Order of the Eastern Star ; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Modem Woodmen of America and Modern Woodmen of the World. The oldest of the local bodies is the lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which was organized October 15, 1852, with Dr. L. G. Black, George Scaggan, William Parker, A. G. Short and F. J. Guthridge, trustees. Doctor Black was its first Noble Grand. For the period covering the succeeding twenty years the records have been partly destroyed or lost. E. 0. Yeldell is the present Noble Grand, and the lodge has a membership of 105. Mistletoe Lodge No. 391, Knights of Pythias, was organized in 1892, C. A. Wever being its first chancellor commander. J. H. Green now holds the chair. The lodge (fall of 1918) has a membership of about sevent3\ C^IIXCY AXU ADAM.S COUNT V 605 Northeast Townsuip Tlie name of this Hourisliiiig township is well nami-cl ironi its geographical location in Adams County. In 182!) Alexander Uliver settled ou section 2, iu the uortheuiiteni part of the township, bring- ing with him a wife and tin children, eqnally divided as to sex. So that the innnediate accession to tlie population of the township was considerable. Two of the sons afterward entered the Jlethodist ministry. Notwithstanding the scare occasioned by the Black Ilawk war, the unusual privations caused by the "winter of the deep snow," and other drawbacks, discouragements and privations, the Oliver family planted thcm.selves pennancntly and proved worthy pioneers of the western country. The Marlows were of the second installment of early settlers, and Hanson JIarlow, born in 1831, wa-s the first native white of the township. In 1833 the first marriage ceremony wa.s performed by "Squire Christopher C. Yates, tlie pioneer justice of the peace. In the same year the settlers built their fir.st school- house on .section 4, in the extreme northern jiart of what is now Northea.st Township, and Hev. W. II. Kalstin preached the tii-st sermon at the log cabin of John Hiber, a preacher of the ilethodist Church. Not long afterward the Presbyterians built a house of woi-sliip on .section 36, in the southeast corner of the present town- ship. Kev. William ('rain was the minister and was actively en- gaged in his good work for many years thereafter. The Township of Northeast was organized in 1850, by the election of the following: Benjamin Gould, supervisor; William Burke, clerk; William Ketchum. a.sses.sor; J. J. Graham, collector; H. N. Galliher, overseer of the poor; Mitchell Alexander and James J, Graham, justices of the peace; Robert B. Comte and William F. Crain, constables; E. B. Hough, Elliott Combs and Clements Rob- bins, commissioners of highways. Founding of Keokik Junction The Village of Golden, on the southwestern township line in sec- tion 31, was first known as Keokuk Junction. In 1S62 the Wabasii Railway located its branch line from Clayton to Keokuk, Iowa, and J. H. Wendell occupied a shack on the east side of the tracks near their junction with the Chicago, Burlington & (^uincy Railroad. Some rods south of the Junction and between the tracks of the two railroads he put up a small building and opened a .saloon tiierein. It was also his residence for nearly ten years, and during that period he erected a numljcr of other structures of a more permanent nature. But the first really solid citizen to arrive was L, U, Albers, who opened a .small store. During the .same year he was joined by G, II. Bus,s, who started a larger store on the east side of the "ii" rail- way a few rods south of the present crossing of Smitii Street. Th • two also established a grain house, which gave the place quite an air 606 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of business. There was no side-track yet ; so the empty cars were left on the main track, coming up by the construction train and being taken back loaded in the evening. The Albers-Buss partnership did not long endure. After a few months ilr. Albers sold his interest to Mr. Buss, who moved the stock to his new store on Smith Street. Although the C, B. & Q. at first refused to recognize the Junction as a station and goods bound for that point had to be shipped to La Prairie, that matter changed for the better when the po.stoffice of Keokuk Junction was established in L. U. Albers, First Business Man the fall of 1863 and Mr. Albers appointed postmaster. In April of the following year he also succeeded John P. Harlow as station agent. Mr. Albers then transferred the postofifice to the depot, where it remained until 1868, when he relinquished the duties of both positions. The next building was a two-story hotel erected by J. H. Dendell on the southwest corner of West Front and Park streets, where the King Block now stands. On lot 2, block 8, south of West Front Street, Jurgen Ehmen erected a dwelling in 1863. He had been in charge of a water 13umping plant on Bear Creek south of town, but after the new well QUIN'CV AND ADAMS COUNTY 607 was finished in Golden he beeaiue manager of it and the old plant was abandoned. In 1804 Thomas Cain built a residence on West Front Street, l>iit soon afterward sold it to a Mr. Spencer, who started the tii-st shoe .shop in Keokuk Junction. The Junctiun Pl.\tted The town was laid out in ISGG on tln' west half of the southeast quarter of section 31. The site wa-s platted into seventeen blocks, d'.dy tli\nded by streets and alleys, and ten acres were given to the Wabash Kailroad for depot grounds. The fii-st sale of lots, which was held September 9, 1866, brought about !i;3,500. The original town site was part of the estate of Robert E. Scott, deeeaseil, of Virginia, of which Nehemiaii Bushndl, of (juincy, was administrator; but the Civil war had brought such complications to the estate that the titles to the lots could only run fnnn those in po.ssession — "squatters," pure and simple. The Legislature of 1867 grajited the act of incorporation to Keokuk Junction, and on the fii'st of April, of that year, the foUtJwin^ officials were elected: John Lyle, justice of the peace; John 11. Wendell, constable; L. U. Albers, George W. Myers, Andreas M. Fruhling and William Planna, board of trustees. In March, 1873, the townsmen voted to incorporate under the general law of the state which had been but recently passed under the name of "Village Organization Laws." Not long aftenvard the name of the Village of Keokuk Junction was changed to Golden. The Golden oP Today The Village of Golden, as it is today, is the center of a thriving trade and a large number of progressive people. The riches of the surrounding country are inidcated by the nature of the industries and business which have built up the village. The milling of wheat, com and other grains has always l)een a leading industry, and the Emminga family is more closely and prominently identified with it than any other. Henry R. Emminga brought his family from Ger- many to Clayton Township in 1S50. Four years later he erected the Custom Mill, just east of Keokuk Junction. Its two run of stone were propelled by wind power, and it became very poiMilar with the early settlers of the countiy for miles around. In 1.'563 Mr. Emminga returned to Gcnnany, where he remained for nine years. In the meantime his son. Harm II. Emminga, had thoroughly mas- tered the business and industry, and in 1)S73, with the father, he erected the Prairie Mills, likewise propelled by wintl, immediately .south of what soon afterward became Golden. The ])rcsent steam establishment manufactures com meal, buckwheat and ^M-aham flour. There is a grist m\\\ operated by F. B. Franzen about a mile from town. 60B QUIXCY AXD ADA3IS COUNTY The Golden Elevator and ^lill Company also operates an elevator of about 100.000 bushels capacity, and deals extensively in live stock, especially hogs. In 1891 H. H. Emminga established the People's Exchange Bank at Golden. A new building for its accommodation was completed in 1905. John J. Emminga. the son of the founder, is now president of the bank. The latter is also proprietor of a creamery at Golden. Among the other institutions in which Golden takes pride are the manufactory of the Lightning Seed Sower, H. H. Franzen. nro- prietor, and the plant, or the service station, of the Illinois (Standard) Oil Company. School axd Newspaper As early as possible the children of those who had settled in the southern part of the township were provided with educational priv- ileges. The Ci^-il war had retarded all such endeavors, but in 1865, when its end was in sight, the citizens of Keokuk Junction and neigh- borhood raised sufficient funds to erect a little schoolhouse on the southwest comer of the old Ostermann Farm, about a mile north of town. They engaged H. E. Selby to teach it at $35 per month (soon raised to $50). The school was conducted in that building for a number of years. But the Town of Ke^jkuk Junction reached such proportions that in 1869 the \-illage was formed into a separate school QUINCY AND ADAilS COl'NTY 609 district and a $3,000 house erected to meet the requirements. Within a few years lui addition to it was required and again, within a com- paratively recent period, a modem two-story brick structure has replaced the other outgrown schoolhouses. An addition was made to it in 1917. H. Mitchell is now in charge of the village school, grad- uates from which are credited to the state colleges and universities without re-examination. The home newspaper, Golden Xew Era, is one of the live institu- tions of the village. It was founded October 15. 1891, by H. H. Emminga, with Frank P. Hillyer as printer and editor. At first it was a five-column sheet, but was soon enlarged to a six-column quarto, its present size. In 1S92 Messrs. C. W. Stinson and E. T. Selby took charge of it and conducted it until June 10, 1913. when Mr. Selby became its sole proprietor. In 1S94 Mr. Stinson again assumed control, and in the following year sold to Frank Groves, who, in turn, disposed of the paper to John P. Beokman. ilr. Beckman con- ducted it from 1904 until 1911. when VT. J. "Wible & Son purchased it and are its present owners. The Chubchis of Goij>ex The church-going community of Golden — and it is verj- large — is divided between two Lutheran societies and the Methodist and United Presbjterian churches. Immanuel's congregation (Lutheran^ in charge of Rev. Henrj- Lindemann, dates its foundation from 1S67. Pre%ious to that year the parish was included in that of South Prairie. A number of its members li\-ing west of Keokuk Junction reguested their pastor, Rev. J. T. Boetticher. to conduct services in the new village in order that they might not be compelled to take long drives to South Prairie. He consented and senices were held in the C. B. & Q. depot. Later an organization was effected with fifty-three charter members, of whom Peter Ostermann is the only cue liviusr. In May, 1S69, a house of worship was dedicated under Rev. J. Tjaden, on the site of the handsome edifice now occupied by the congregation. He remained but a few months, after which there was a vacancy of a number of years. Rev. P. Kleinlein sensed from 1S76 to ISSO. The Congrega- tion was incorporated in 1S73 and in 1S77 Trinity congregation was separated from the parent society. Rev. C. Zlomke succeeded to the pastorate in ISSO : Rev. F. W. A. Liefeld in 1SS3 ; Rev. F. Alpers, in 1S89 : Rev. A. P. Meyer. 1905 : Rev. H. Lindemann. 1910. The first period of Mr. Lindemann 's pastorate was markeil by the completion of the beautiful church in which Immanuel's congregation now worships. The parish school was founded during the pastorate of Rev. C. Zlomke. and is a verj^ important adjunct to the actirities of Immanuel's congregation. Religious ser%ices in the English language were held in the Wabash Depot, alternately by Methodists and Presbj-terians. until the autumn 610 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY of 1869, when the district sehoolhoiise was completed and used as a Union meeting house. A Union Sunday school, which had also been organized, occupied the new building. Religious arrangements were thus continued until the Methodists erected their house of worship on Albere Street in 1872. Rev. Robert Chapman was pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, then located at the soutliwest corner of Albers and Congress streets. It was first known as Simpson's Chapel and was part of the old La Prairie circuit. William Beckett, James Whitford and Wil- liam Strickler were the trustees of the chapel who formed the building committee for the erection of the first house of worship. When the name of the town was changed from Keokuk Junction to Golden in the middle '70s, the church adopted its present title — the First Front Street, Golden Methodist Episcopal Church of Golden. It is now luider the pas- torate of Rev. G. A. Cox. Among those who have served the church between the first and the last ministei-s mentioned were Revs. G. Garner, O. P. Nash, C. Y. Hecox, A. M. Dunnaven, Samuel Middlo- ton, Lewis Walden, T. J. Bryant, Curtis Powell, J. W. Madison, J. M. Johnson, R. L. Smith, W. D. Atkinson, W. T. Evans, P. Slagel, Charles Wehrman, E. Hale Fuller, and A. F. Waters. It was during the pastorate of Rev. P. Slagel, in 1895, that the old church building was remodeled and made adaptable to increased requirements. As stated, Trinity Lutheran congregation separated from Im- manuel's in 1875, on the 18th of May. In December, 1877, its first house of worship was erected, and the continuous increase in mem- bership made it neces.sary to enlarge and rebuild it in 1904. Rev. Hugo Dorrow has been the pastor of Trinity congregation for nearly a quarter of a century. Attached to it is also a large parochial school. (^nXtV AND ADAMS CorNTV (ill Till- riiitcil Presbytfrian Chiircli of (inldcii was nr^am/.fil mIihiii twenty-six ycais a{^>. and is really an otTshixit of tlio Clayton sociciN, which had then been in existence for nearly lialf a century. I'he official records show that, under instructions fi-oin the .Monmouth I'rcsbytcry. the session of the ('la\ton I'nitcd Presbyterian Churcli met at tlie Methodist Church in Golden for ilic |iurposc of orjianiz- injr a local I'nitetl Presbyterian Church under tiie jurisdiction of the l>resl)ytery named. There were eighteen charter nienibers of the new organization, of whom twelve were Wallaces. The first elders were .James A. Wallace, Sr.. William Wallace and James A. Wallace, Jr.; the trustees, William Wallace, John T. .McCiintock and J. .M. Wal- lace. The two congregations of Clayton and (lolden formed luie charge and were served by Rev. .1. J. Thompson (lS!t2-!l4i. Rev. M. Wallace Lorimer ( 18i)7-!>!t). Rev. Thomas A. McKernon. fiom 1!M)() until the disbandment of the Clayton congregation in .November, 1902. Mr. McKernon continued to werve the Golden congregation until July, 1908. In tlie same year Rev. J. M. McConnell was called to the Golden Church. Rev. Charles II. Mitchell served from 1910 to 1914; Rev. Harry F. Whitmyer. 191.")-17, and Rev. David A. McChmg has held the pa.storate since the latter year. The only house of woiNhij) erected by the United Presbv-terians was completed in 1893. CHAPTER XVIII MENDON AND LORAINE Pioneers of Mendon Township — IIendon Village Platted — Early Political Center — Churches and Lodges — Mendon Incor- porated AS A Village — The Local Newspaper — The Banks — Keene Township Settled — The Steiner Family — Loraine Village. The northwestern and central portions of Adams County between Rock and Bear creeks have always embraced some of the best agricul- tural, live stock and dairy sections of that portion of the state. Set- tlers came in early, have been unusually pei-mauent and the lands have therefore been continuouslj' imiDroved and increased in value. The region named was originally called the Bear Creek country, and when township organization was adopted in 1850 it was erected, as an entirety, into Ursa Township, thus retaining the "Bear" part of the name. In 1851 the four tiers of sections south of Bear Creek to the base line, ten miles in length, were set apart from Ursa To^nisliip to form Mendon. That is the territory to which this portion of the chapter is confined. Pioneers op Mendon Township Ebenezer Riddle appears to have been the fii'st to settle in that poi-tion of the county. He was a Kentuckian and in 1829 located on the southeast quarter of section 9, where he built his cabin and left descendants to inherit the land which he then purchased. In the same year Col. Martin Shuey settled on Mendon Prairie, just over the line in Honey Creek Township. John C. Hardy located on section 29, Mendon Townslup, in 1830, and within the next few years Samuel Bradley, John B. Chittenden, the Bentons, the Baldwins and other thrifty Connecticut Yankees came to the Prairie and formed there a prosperous settlement. Mendon Village Platted In 1833 the settlement was first laid out as the Town of Fairfield by John B. Chittenden, Benjamin Baldwin and Daniel Benton, but a.s the proprietors were soon notified by the postofifiee department that there was another Fairfield in the state they changed it to ^lendon. 612 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 613 In the year of its platting E. A. Strong' oiieiied a bhicksuiith sliop, and while working at his forge he studied theology and eventually became prominent in the Episcopalian ministrj-. A postoflice was established in 1834 and Abram Henton was placed in charge of it. Daniel Benton was the first merchant, but the postmaster soon suc- ceeded him in business and continuetl to conduct a growing general store for half a century. S. R. Chittenden was also a pioneer mer- chant, his sons followed him and his descendants to still later genera- tions are in business at Mendon. The grain elevator of the present I'lUNLEK liLACKfeillTII SlIUl" OF MeNDOX is owned and operated by a member of the Chittenden family (C. A. Chittenden). E.\RLY Political Center The fertility of ilendon prairie, with the consequent development of the region, gave the village quite a standing as a political rallying point in the early days when so much of the electioneering wa.s done in the rural districts. For example, in the William Ilenrj- Harrison campaign of 1840 a grand whig barbecue was held at Mendou Village, and hundreds came in for miles around to attend it and consume the roasted carcas-ses of oxen, sheep and hogs, representative of the riches of the Bear Creek country. Upon that particular occasion Daniel Nutt was manager of the roasts and the eloquent 0. II. Browning, the principal speaker. It is said that the first school in the village wa.s taught in .1. B. Chittenden's house, during 1832, by the Miss Burge&s who became Jlrs. "Willard Keyes, of Quincy. She lived only a short time after her marriage. What was considered to be quite a handsome brick school- hou.se was erected in 1876. 614 QUI.XCV AND ADAMS COUNTY Chueches and Lodges In 1833 the church people of the town erected the Union Meet- ing House, in which those of any religious faith could meet if they could secure the services of a minister. The Congregaticnalists also organized a church in February of that year, and theirs was said to be the first society of that demonination in Illinois. They erected a frame meeting house in 1838, a larger structure in 1853, and the edifice in wliich they now worship in 1905. The old Congregational church was purchased by the Mendon Improvement Company and transformed into a public hall. Rev. Milton J. Norton is the present pastor in charge. The Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church of ]\Iendon was organized in April, 1853, at the town hall, and the meeting house was dedicated The Mendok High School August 5. 1854. It is still standing and is one of the old landmarks of the place. Rev. Joseph C. ^liller is serving as pastor. Zion Episcopal Church has also been organized for many years, Dr. D. E. Johnstone being its pastor; the Methodist society is in charge of Reverend McNally, of New Canton, Illinois, and St. Edward's Catholic Church is served by Rev. Father Paul Reiufels. Considering its size, Mendon has a number of rather strong lodges. IMendon Lodge No. 449, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, was organized in 1865 ; Mendon Chapter No. 157, Ro.yaI Arch Masons, in 1873, with a present membership of about fifty, and Mendon Star Chapter, No. 153, Order Eastern Star, instituted in 1889, has a mem- bership of 95. There are also Mendon Lodge, No. 877, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Mendon Rebekah Lodge ; Golden Grain Camp No. 422, Royal Neighbors, and the Tri-Mutual, and the Mod- ern Woodmen of America, Camp 751. When the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Jlen- don in 1839 the circuit included all of Adams Countv, as well as QriNCV AND ADAMS COrXTY Gir. considerable adjoiiiiiij; teniton . Tlu- C^iiiiuy district, over wliieli Peter Cartwright was presiding elder, was formed in 1832, aud in- eluded nearly all the western half i)f Illinois. Knos Thompson was the (irst pastor of the .Mendon circuit. A meeting hou.se was erected in Mendon during 1840. which was replaced by the house of worship built in 18ri4. Rev. Mr. McN'ally. of New Canton. Illinois, is in charge of the present ilendon circuit. Mendon Incorpur.vted .\s .\ Vn.i.AtiK Jlenilon had uiaiic such a showinfr as a town iiy tiie late bOs that the villagers applied for incorporation. This was effected by special act of the Legislature in 1867, its corporate boundaries embracing an Mkn[xin Crrv Park area of one mile square. In the early '!)0s it was incorporated as a village under the general laws of the state. Since that time it has increa.sed in population and general nttractivencss. Nothing has c<)n- tributcd more to that development than the coming of the (^uin<'y A.MS COINTV 6l!t two-slory buililiiifr, the first Hoor of wliicli was used for a store and tlie second as a puhlif liall. Mr. Seals also made a two-story addition to one of his Ixiildings and tlio Odd Fellows rented the U|)|)er story as a lodrre hall. And so the village progressed and has enjoyed a substantial growth since. Of the "old-timers," as they are affect ionately called, S. M. Curless and Dr. K. (i. Iledrick are perhaps best known locally, the former being a retired merchant and the latter a fine type of tlie old country physician. The Loraine of today is a place of about 700 people, with a number of well stocked stores, a hank, a newspai)er, electric ligiit service and waterworks, a good school, a grain elevator, a feed mill and a lumber yard. Its three churches and several lodges also testify to the fore- sight of its people in the matter of jiroviding for those whose lives demand also social and religious nourishment. The -Methodist Kpiscopal Church of Loraine, which is in charge of Rev. Lewis E. Haldwin, is an outgrowth of the old Union Soeietv LiiKAlM. llliMI Scilnol. Church, organized in ISfid jind whose ciriginal bouse of worshi]) stood on section 24, about three miles east of the present village. Originally. the Baptists and Presbyterians shared the building with the Meth- odists. The Christian Church is under the pastorate of Rev. II. O. Rocks, and the Church of the Brethren in charge of Rev. Ileury E. Pittman. The latter was organized in 1880. Both the Masons and the Odd Fellows have lodges at Loraine. The latter, Loraine Lodge, Xo. 641, Independent Order Odd Fellows, was instituted in June. 1877, in the hall fitted up for the jiurpose over Christoplier Seals' store. The Loraine State Bank was organized in November. I!t04, with George Steiner as presiilent : J. G. Stuart, cashier, and George II. Eastman, vice president. Later S. S. Groves was elected cashier, and Joab Green as vice president, to succeed Mr. Eastman. In January, 1916, Newell Sapp was elected cashier, and in Oeceudjcr. 1!I17. J. A. 620 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Ausmus succeeded to the presidency to fill the vacancy caused by i the death of Mr. Steiner. The capital stock of the bank is $25,000 ; | surplus and undivided profits, $16,500; average deposits, $300,000. General mention has been made of the electric light service and i water supply of Loraine. The former is furnished by the Electric | Light and Power Company, of which Bert "Van Blair is superintend- ent. The waterworks are municipal property and comprise a pumping station, with a ninety-foot tower, and an adequate system of distrib- uting pipes — the entire plant under the management of J. H. Cub- bage. The domestic water supply and the protection against fire are therefore all that are required. The village newspaper, the Loraine Times, was established at Ursa by K. B. Ecols in 1896. In 1906, under the editorship and proprietor- ship of Mr. Mills, it was moved to Loraine. It has been owned and edited by R. K. Adair since 1916. CHAPTER XIX PAYSOX AND PLAIXVILLE Pioneer Horticulturists — Founding op Payson Village — Noted Early Schools — Other Village Institutions — Village of Plainville. The Towiisliip of Payson has been described as "containing some of the richest lauds and some of the poorest in the country." It is in the southern tier of townships, about five miles east of the Mississippi River, and, although it has developed no considerable village, embraces two rural settlements, away from any railroad, known as Payson and Plainville. Although they are both old, they have been conteut to go along slowly, if safely. Pioneer Horticulturists In the earlier years the Town of Payson had a high horticultural reputation, certainly taking the lead in Adams County and measuring up to the highest standard of any other section in the state. The first apple orchard worthj- of the name was planted by Deacon A. Scarbor- ough in the spring of 1838. His stock consisted of one-year-old trees, purchased in St. Louis, but raised in Ohio. During the same year he purchased of John Anderson, of Pike County, a bushel of choice New Jersey peaches, with which he started orchards of that fruit which, for a time, were said to have been unexcelled. William Stewart was probably the most widely known of the early horticulturists who gave that part of the county such a good standing. In 1836 he came with his wife and large family of children to Payson Township, his home for many years having been in the State of ilaine. Not long after the family settled in Payson Township, Mr. Stewart returned to the East on a business trip and purchased a pint of apple seed in New York. "With that stock he started the first orchard, or nursery, in Adams County. He not only specialized in the cultivation of choice varieties of fruit trees, but commenced to raise ornamental .shi-ubbery, and many of the old homesteads in the Payson neighbor- hood, and quite a distance beyond, owe their artificial landscape attractions to William Stewart's taste and enterprise. His death occurred in December, 1857, and his descendants in Adams County are numerous. G21 622 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Founding of Payson Village Previous to 1834 not more than half a dozen families had settled in what is now Payson Township. In the previous year John Wood, E. B. Kimball and Braekett Pottle had entered the tract upon which the village now stands at the general land office. Deacon Albigence Scarborough had already made a trip to the locality, and was so pleased with the general outlook that in the fall of 1834 he purchased of the gentlemen named the original site of the village, which he laid out in the spring of 1835. The proprietor came from West Harvard, Counecticut, and being a great admirer of Rev. Dr. Edward Payson, of Portland, Maine, named his pet village accordingly. In the laying . out of the original lots, as well as in their sale, he was assisted by P. E. Thompson and James C. Bernard. In the year 1835 Deacon Prince arrived with a stock of goods from New York and opened the first store in Payson. A year or two after- ward J. C. Bernard and Joseph Norwood established themselves as merchants, the latter being the first postmaster. In May, 1836, the ilethodists formed the first local religious society. In 1836 Deacon Scarborough. Deacon David Prince and Capt. John Burns commenced the building of the stone windmill which was completed about three years afterward at a cost of $13,000, and which was so long one of the picturesque landmarks of Adams County. Noted Early Schools Pioneer life is seldom marked by the presence of many educa- tional advantages, but Payson had these advantages from her earliest days, due no doubt to the fact that the first settlers came from the East and from the old world where the school systems were well established. In the year 1833 the land upon which Payson now stands was entered at the general land office by Hon. John Wood, E. B. Kimball and Bracket Pottle. In the same year Deacon Albigence Scarborough journeyed here, walking much of the way, in order to save the strength of his mule to carry provisions. He made a second trip with his family in 1834, purchased the land on wliich Payson now stands and in the spring of 1835 laid out the village, having it platted and recorded ; afterward associating with himself P. C. Thompson and James C. Bernard, in the laying out and sale of lots. The first sale of lots took place on the seventh day of August, 1836, and these three men gave 20 per cent of the purchase money of the lots sold for the purpose of building a seminary, and four acres of land w^ere given by Deacon Scarborough upon which to erect the said building. However, a number of schools were carried on by subscription before the public schools were organized. The first was in an old log cabin with pum-heon floor on the northeast corner of Edwards and (^I'lXCV AM) ADA.MS ((UXTV 62:J Fulloii streets, tjiiiglit In- Mis,s Emily .Searlioi-itufirh, wli.. iil^o was the first puMie sehool teacher. Miss Trimble. Miss Klizalietli Scarl)onni<:h and .Miss Ann I'rinie also taught suliscription schools. The Ilawlcy hoarding school was a very ambitious undertaking and teachers were brr>ught from the Ea.st. However, it proved a fiiumcial failure, and was bought by Doctor Corbyn, who gave up his work in Palmyra because of the trou- ble stirred up by rebels there. Here a number of Quincy students re<'eived their early education, among whom were some of the Bush- nclls and Hulls. Doctor Corbyn later l)ecame pastor of the (Jood Shep- herd Church in Quiney. Hugh Morrow conducted clas.ses in the l)asement of the Second Congregational Church, until it was destroyed by fire. In 1846 a frame building now serving as a residence in the south part of the village was built from the academy fund ui)on the land given by Deacon Scarborough. This was used as a |>riviitc school for two years. Afterwards it was rented liy the district for a public school and remained so for a numbci- of yeai-s. This building was finally sold and moved off the lot. Through the i)atient efforts of Joel K. Scarlmrough and his a.s.sociates a new public school briik building was erected on the same lot, and a clear title to the town by quit claim deeds was insured from the early stockholders in the academy fund. The school has ever been L'ood and always an honor to the town. It must be remembered, however, that the Township of Payson was first laid oiT into school districts in 1S:?7. for which pui-jiose the citizens met on the 28th day of October and the first meeting of trustees then elected was held on the seventh of Decendjer following. In these districts public schools were established, although piivate schools were still maintained. The Payson public school has increased in value, today ranking second to none in the county. The influence of her scholars is evinced by numerous distinguished people of various vocations who were born and reared in the town. Among these were Dr. David Prince, a famous physician and surgeon; Mrs. Anna Scott and others, who devoted their lives to missions in foreign fields; Prof. Kilwai'ii I'erry, the head of an oratorical schiKil in St. Louis; Miss Mai-y Leach, a Ph. D. and Professor of Chemistry in Oxford. Ohio. Splendid teach- ers have t>een graduated from Payson School, as well as men in the ministry, law and business. Among the former teachers who have done much for Payson School are Theodore C. Poling, now a successful lawyer and banker in Quiney: Profes-sor Hall, who first graded the school: (ieoige Gabriel, who has taught in the Quiney Schools, been their superin- tendent, and is now president of the Hoard of Education. 624 QUIXCr AND ADAilS COUNTY Charles "W. Seymour High School This bronze tablet has a prominent place in the entrance hall of the Parson High School : "This building was erected br Henrv il. and Lucy W. Seymour in memory of their only son CHAELES. May his noble and generous life, which prompted this gift, inspire all students who enter here to improve this opportunity- of study and of gi'owth, that the world may be a better place because he once lived here. ' ' " 'A blameless nature — glad and pure and true, He walked life's morning path in happy light. Then passed from sight. But still he lives in every kindly deed we do, In all our love of truth and right, Forever young, forever glad, forever true.' " Charles W. Sej-mour, in whose memory the building was erected, when only sixteen years of age was almost instantly killed in a ball game on the school grounds. May 22, 1915, a pitched ball striking him over the heart. The Seymour family is one of the oldest, most promi- nent and well-to-do in Adams County, the gi-andfather for whom Charles was named having located in Payson in the early '30s. Shortly after the death of their only son, ;Mr, and Mrs. Henry ^L Seymour decided to provide this memorial schoolhouse as his monu- ment. The building was completed and dedicated December 30, 1916. It is a beautiful structure. 172 feet long, extending back on the wings i2 feet and in the center 92 feet. Its red tile roof does not flame at the sky, but merely adds a touch of restful color. Its native limestone, taken from the Seymour quarries and used for the walls of the build- ing, is just the right shade, and the Bedford stone trimmings are in most excellent taste. Over the large stone piUars in the entrance arch is carved in the stone. "Charles W. Seymour High School." The visitor enters over granite steps into a marble stepped vestibule and thence into the entrance hall, floored with quarry tUe and lighted with one handsome, indirect electric fixtiire. Facing the door is the bronze tablet with the inscription quoted above. The hall waUs are of marble. The wood work is all of quarter sawed white oak. stained silver gray. A marble base runs around the bottom of the side walls in the corridors leading right and left from the hall. Here the walls are tinted green and are offset by the French half windows. The floor is of mosaic tUe. On the first floor, beside the hall and corri- dors, there are four class rooms, 24 by 32 each, an auditorium 32 feet wide and 45 feet to the stage, which is 10 by IS. and a recitation room on each side of the auditorium, 16 by 16 feet. In the light basement c 626 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ample provision has been made for tlie domestic science and manual training departments. Here also are the large indoor play room, locker room for boys and girls, shower baths and the heating plant. The building is heated by steam, lighted by electricity, provided with hot and cold water and sanitary drinking fountains. The walls are of hollow tile and the floors of concrete and the building is tire- proof. The memory of a sixteen-year-old boy lives today in the heart of Payson and in the pride of Adams County. So short a span of life! Just long enough to bring to the village where he was born a gift that endures forever ; for it was Charles Seymour himself who first planned the new school for Payson. It was in his boyish heart to give, when he became a man, an enduring monument to education, a monument which in the sad tragedy of his death has become a memorial to a boy and to his home village a surety of the things that make life worth while. In the death of Charles W. Seymour, the sixteen-year-old boy, Payson holds in her heart a memory and a gift, neither of which will ever be forgotten. In the boy there comes to the mind of Payson a lovable youth whose thoughts, strangely enough for youth, were of other people ; a genei-ous boy whose young heart was an inspiration to his friends, as it was a joy to his elders. In his monument they have a school beyond compare — one of the finest and most complete in the entire country. State Superintendent of Schools Francis G. Blair delivered the principal address at the dedication of the memorial school in 1916, and in the course of his remarks said: "Helen Hunt Jackson, before her death, let it be known to her friends that she did not wish a monu- ment to be. erected upon her grave. She asked that her body be laid to rest upon the summit of the mountain where she had sat so often writing the stories for the children and the people of this country. She said that it was her wish that people coming to vist her grave might pick up two pebbles from the stream on the mountain and lay them upon her grave. If they wished some remembrance of that visit, they might take away one pebble placed there by other hands. "What has happened within the years since her body was buried on the mountain?" Loving feet have toiled up the mountain side; loving hands have plucked up the pebbles and cast them on her grave until a real monument has been erected to her memory — a monument such as any noble minded person might crave for himself. "Here, however, we have the erection of another kind of monu- ment which, in my mind, is more noble and more abiding; here a building is erected within which, during the years to come, great spiritual forces are to influence the lives of children. Hundreds of boys and girls, coming under these spiritual influences, are to carry away with them gifts which will influence every thought and act of their lives. A monument will be built in the hearts and minds of the children which time will not destroy. "We are told that on Mount ]\Ioriah King Solomon erected a tem- (^riXCV AND ADA.Ms (orXTV 627 pie. with marble and jjranito hewn and fashioned in the (juarries, with cedars from Lchanon, and tir trees fnmi T\re and Sidon ; witii silver and the schools of the State of Illinois. Payson High School won one of fhe.se flags by selling a greater number of bonds in proportion to the num- ber of students enrolled than any other high school in the State. Other Vii.l.u;e Instititions The Village of Payson was first incorporated in 18:i9, and secondly, in 1869. as a town. On Ajiril 26, l!t():{. it was incorporated as a village under the general state act. Its public utilities may be .said to include electric lighting furnished by a local plant, of which \V. K. Klliott is the owner, and a municipal well. 200 feet in depth, from which the supply for all purposes is drawn. It also has two banks and a weekly newspaper. The latter, owned and edited by E. P. Maher and wife, is a live village institution, and has been such for a number of veaiN. The two financial institutions 628 QUIXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY which accommodate the village and a considerable area of surrouiidiug country are branches of the South Side Bank and the State Savings, Loan and Trust Company of Quincy. Their respective managers are J. G. Thompson and C. E. Gabriel, cashier. The branch of the State Savings, Loan and Trust Company at Payson was opened in Decem- ber, 1909, and the new building now occupied was completed in the fall of the following year. The Village of Payson has had a reputation for sobriety and reli- gious strength since the very early days, and the townspeople have well sustained it. At the present time the Congregationalists, Metho- dists and Disciples of Christ maintain organizations with settled pas- tors, and the Baptists have also a society. In priority of establishment the last named heads the list, a Baptist Church having been organized at Payson in ilareh, 1834. As this was the first of the religious bodies to get a foothold, although the organization is not now strong, the event is worthy of some special mention. The meeting to organize the Baptist Church was held at the resi- dence of "W. H. Tandy, about three miles north of the village, on March 8, 1834, and besides ilr. Tandy and wife, the society comprised two married couples and a bachelor. At first meetings were held in the houses of the members, but in 1835 a log house of worship was erected in a grove near Gabriel Kay's residence. But when the Vil- lage of Payson was assured — in fact, at the second sale of lots, in April, 1837 — the Baptists purchased a site for a church building, and soon afterward commenced its erection. They occupied this frame structure for twenty-seven years. The Methodists had organized a class in the village during 1835, and in 1840 it was incorporated as a church. Its first building was completed in the fall of 1842, and a larger one in 1854. The present pastor of the Methodist Church is Rev. C. S. McCuUom. The Con- gregationalists organized in May, 1836, the numerous Scarboroughs, headed by Deacon Albigence Scarborough, being among the original members of the church. The first house of worship was burned not long after its completion in 1842, the second meeting house being com- pleted in the fall of 1865. Rev. T. J. Brown is now in charge of the ■'Congregational Church at Payson. The Christian Church, Rev. Charles L. Roland, pastor, was organized in February, 1868. Payson has a number of secret and benevolent organizations. The oldest, Payson Lodge, No. 375, Ancient Free and Accepted ilasons, was chartered in October, 1863. It has a present membership of about eighty. The Order of the Eastern Star has also a chapter. No. 375. Village of Plainville The little Village of Plainville, southeast of the central part of Payson Township, was originally called Stone's Prairie. Samuel Stone settled in that locality in the year 1822; himself, his family and descendants gave the settlement its earlv name. Among the other QUIN'CY ANU ADAMS COINTY 629 early settlers of the locality and neighborlmcpil were lliniy Wugy, Wyniau Whitcoiub aud A. H. Viuiiig, who came in the early "Ms, and Solomon Shinn and John Delaplaiii, who came at a somewhat later period. The first merchant of the place was Mr. Delaplain (deceased sev- eral years), and the little old building in which he displayed his small stock of goods is still standing, altliough it has been moved to another lot than its original site. A few years afterward John Vining opened a store. In the early '80s Mr. Delaplain built a new store at Plaiuville with a handsome residence, but botii were burned some years later. The same fire destroyed several other buildings, including the "Ob- server," the home newspaper office. The publication named was owned by Chulibick & Caugblaii. For many years, while the postoffice was called Stone's Prairie, the village was popularly known as Shakerag. When Chubbick & Caugh- lan founded their newspaper they thought the village should lie named in honor of its first mcrclumt, John Delaplain, and they, witli others, petitioned the postoffice department to that effect. The result was that the name of the postoffice was changed from Stone's Prairie to Plaiuville. It was incorporated as a town May 1, 1^96. The village is represented in the newspaper field by A. J. Crimm, editor of the News, who founded that journal in October, ini."). Plaiuville has also a well organized State Bank, of which A. M. Carter is president and E. E. Benson cashier. Both the ^lethodists and Baptists have church organizations — the latter of comparatively late establishment (1890). The Methodists of the locality have been active since 1854, when the Shiloh Church was dedicated; the Richfield Church was established in 1858 and the organization at Plaiuville was founded in 1876. These societies are now under the pastorate of Rev. George F. McCumber. The Shiloh membership is 56, the Richfield 46. and the Plaiuville 118. Emory Elliott was on the work in 1855. For the past thirty yeai-s Revs. S. G. Ferree, R. Gregg, J. W. Jladdison, A. V. Babbs. C. F. linker, I. W. Keithley, J. A. Biddle, M. D. Tremaine. A. B. Fry and George C. Bechtel have been the successive pastors, previous to the coming of Mr. McCumber in 1914. Rev. L. C. Taylor is pastor of the Baptist Church. The JIa.sons, Odd Fellows and ilodern Woodmen of America are organized at Plaiuville. The Independent Order Odd Fellows' Lodge was originally instituted in August, 1887, as Stone's Prairie Lodge, No. 759. Its .successive noble grands have been J. F. Lightle. C. W. Sturtevant, William Hess. S. A. Benson. Gus ITampsmire, Or\ille Hess, H. 0. Larimore, J. P. Journey and C. W. Sturtevant, .second term. Plain ville was incorporated as a village in 1896. the first president of its board of trustees having been Lawrence Hoskins, with A. J. Crim. clerk. C. W. Sturtevant is now president of the village board and Fay Hoskins, clerk. CHAPTER XX OTHER TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES Industries and Products op Honey Creek Township — Froggy Prairie — Coatsburg, Quincy's Rival — Paloma and the Good- INGS — Fall Creek Township — Marblehead and F.vll Creek — Lima Township and Village — Liberty — Gilmer Township and Fowler — The Old Thompson Settlement — Old and New Ursa — ^IeRCELLINE — COLUMBXTS BuRTON ToWNSHIP AND Its VILLAGES — Houston Township — Beverly Township and Its Villages — Ellington Township and Bloomfield — McKee Township and Kellerville^ — Richfield Village. The natural features of Honey Creek Township, which is located north of the central part of Adams County, are extremely diversified, and yet all favorable to substantial development and comfortable progress. Honey and Brush Creeks, tributaries of the south branch of Bear Creek, drain and fertilize the country, which is included in the watershed of the Mississippi basin. Industries and Products of the Township Agriculture, horticulture and live stock raising all flourish, dairy- ing I)eing a chief and growing specialty. The specific products upon which the people of the township depend for their substantial pros- perity and future growth are corn, hogs and cattle. Apples, pears and peaches do well, although on account of the constant fight which fruit growers must wage against insect enemies, horticulture has uot, on the whole, advanced. Originally, Hone.v Creek Townshi]) consisted of about three-fifths timbei' and the remainder prairie lands, but since the timber has been stripped away to a large extent for building purposes and to manu- facture such articles as barrels and wagons, there have been no indus- tries wliich are not dependent upon the annual products of the soil, or the raising of live stock. Froggy Prairie The principal prairie of Honey Creek is called Froggy-. The why and wherefore of the name is thus explained by au old settler: "It originated at one of the old-fashioned spelling bees, where a school 630 (^riNl V AM) ADAMS COUNTY 631 district at the west of the i>raiiie was pitted against the liomc district. Schoolhouse, a log cabin on tlie prairie; time, March 25, 1844; at eaiidle lijxlitiiig. i)reseiit lK)tli schools in full force; wild fjrass taller than a man; water, boot-leg deep full of frogs, which made .so much uoise tliat the teacher was compelled to pronounce the words at tlic top of his voice in order to be heard at all. A schoolgirl from the west district called the place Froggy; and Froggy it has been ever since." A sipiatter named Haven is said to have iiiaile the lirst si'ttlement in the township, fixing his habitation on what is now llog branch of Honey Creek, section 21, some time previous to 1830. The story is that he found a bee tree on the ereek bottom so laden with honey that he forthwith gave the main stream its name, which was also applied to the township. Within the decade succeeding Haven's arrival came such settlers as Edward Edmondson, Enos Thompson and sons, John Hyler, II. 15. Maldwiu, J. E. Kammerer, liiehard Gray. Joseph Pollock, Mrs. Irene Grigsby and Jabez Lovejoy, Daniel Good- ing, the Strneys and the Whites. Dr. .lod Darrah settled in the spring of 1840. CO.VTSBCRG, QUINCY's RiV.\L There are two villages in Honey Creek Township, both on the Chi- cago, liurlington & Quincy line — Coatsburg and Paloma. The former was surveyed and jdatted by K. P. Coats in January, 185.5, and derives its name from him. Coatsburg witnessed a somewhat steady growth for about twenty years and reached a point in its development when it had a substantial support for the county seat; but the contest of 1875 laid its ambitions low in that regard, and it is now, and has been for some years, in a state of decline. It has a local newspaper, the Community Enterprise, edited by R. C. Stokes, and a branch of the State Street Bank of Quincy. organized in October, 190!l. 1). L. JleXeal is its cashier. The bank building was ero<'teil in 1!)14. There are half a dozen general and special stores in the village. It is in the center of (piite a large German Ltitheran community, the church at Coatsburg having been founded in July. 1862. Its first pastor was Rev. A. Fismer, and Rev. A. H. Zeilenger, the present incumbent, has been in charge since lf)t)8. The society has a niem- bershij) of about 150, with a strong Sunday School and several flour- ishing au.xiliaries. The Methodists have no settled pa.stor, being .served by Rev. C. R. I'nderwood, of Columbus, and the Disciples of Christ are in charge of Rev. L. C. Manck of Quincy. As to the lodges of the neighborhood, only one is strong — that which reiircsents the Jlodern Woodmen. P.VUIM.V AND THE GOODINOS Paloma was laid out by Daniel W. (iooding about 1H()2. He was an lionest, thrifty .Maine man. and when he came to Quincy from Oliio 632 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY in 1837 there was only one brick building in the county seat. JMr. Gooding afterward moved to Honey Creek Township and bought a large tract of land, a portion of which he developed into a fine farm and homestead. As .stated, he laid out Paloma on his property, which also included more than half a section adjoining it to the north. It was in that locality that Edward J. Gooding, the youngest child of Daniel, was born sixty-two years ago, and, for some years, he has been living comfortably in the village, as the oldest continuous resi- dent of the township. Z. Morton, who died in 1917, had settled about sixty years before on the farm, one mile north of Paloma, which had been his lifelong residence. His six sons have all followed in the footsteps of their father. In 1848 William Booth located his homestead one and a half miles south of the present site of Paloma, and died about fourteen years ago. His six children continued to reside in the old neighborhood and are now among the oldest settlers of the township. Paloma has become the center of quite an extensive trade in live stock, grain and hay. On account of the large quantities of cucumbers which are raised in the neighborhood and pickled there, it has often been dubbed Pickle Station or Pickleville. The Paloma Exchange Bank, which is a branch of the People's Bank of Camp Point, was opened in 1909. M. W. Callahan is its presi- dent and H. G. Henry cashier. The Paloma Lumber Company handles a full line of building materials under the management of J. E. Lohr. The large live stock shippers are represented by "Willis Cook and C. C. Lawless, and the dealers in hay and grain by J. E. Lohr and J. H. Lummis. The latter have done business in those lines for the past eighteen years. As to her public utilities, it may be said that Paloma organized an electric light company in 1916, and put in a plant with storage. The water for domestic consumption is drawn from sanitary wells. The Paloma Methodist Episcopal Church, the only local religious body, was originally organized at Richland schoolhouse, one mile south of town, in 1851. Seven j-ears later the headquarters of the organi- zation were transferred to the present site of Paloma, where a house of wor.ship was built and dedicated by Peter Cartwright. The society, now a thriving station, is in charge of Rev. Otis L. Monson. Fall Creek Township This section of the county borders the Mississippi, in the extreme southwest, and is broken by Mill, Fall and Ashton Creeks, which cut through the limestone bluffs bordering the parent river. Fall Creek, from which the township derives its name, meanders through the southern sections of the to-miship from east to west, and is so called from a considerable cascade or waterfall which is a feature of its course in that section of the county. Mill Creek, the largest of the QULNCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 6M streams, cwts across the northwest corner of the township, and \\ii> so named because of tlie pioneer sawmill huilt upon its banks in 1824 by Amos Bancroft, Daniel Jloore and Rial Crandall. JIARBLEHE.U) AND FaLL CrEEK At one time ilarblchead, on ^lill Cretk mar the northern town- ship line, gave promise of becoming quite a village. It was laid out in 1835 by Michael Mast, John CotTinan and Stephen Thomas in the center of section 5. Mr. Mast erected a large store and stocked it with general goods, and as the saw and grist mill on Mill Creek did con- siderable business for a number of years, he realized a good trade from its customers, as well as from the settled farmers. As late as 1850 a large steam ferry plied between a point opposite Marblehcad and Marion City, Missouri (now extinct), which also attracted emi- grants to the Illinois country and tended to support Mr. Ma.st's store. But gradually the trade fell away, the coming of the Quincy, Alton & St. Louis Railroad completely changed conditions, and Marblehead has shrunken to a little collection of buildings grouped aroiuid the plant of the ^larblehead Lime Company. It is a station on the Louis- iana branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. Fall Creek, also a station on that line and on the stream men- tioned, ships some live stock and farm produce. Lima Township and Village In the northwestern portion of the county is the little village of Lima, in the township by that name two miles ea.st of Lima Lake. It is also about a mile and a half .south of the Hancock County line. The first settlement in the township was made by Joseph Ilarkncss in 1828, and soon afterward he erected a log house about two miles northwest of the present village. The daughter born to Mr. and Mrs. Harkness was the first native of the township. The Orrs — AVilliam. Grayson and Dr. Joseph — were all prominent in the early development of the country. Grayson Orr made the first brick, William ojicratcd the first mill, and Dr. Joseph Orr built the first store in town, soon after it was platted in 1833. The Doctor is also said to iiave named the settlement Lima, in compliment to a Peruvian visitor, who had declared that nowhere outside his home cajjital had he seen more beautiful women than those whom he had met in this region of Adams County. Lima is the center of a rich district productive of corn, wheat, oats and fruit. Along the creeks, in the earlier times, it was thickly timbered. It has a number of stores and the State Bank of Lima bears witness to its importance as a center of trade and exchange. It was opened in 1910, and has a capital of !|;25,(100. surplus of $2,500. and average deposits of nearly .$150,000. A. B. Lceper is president and E. F. Jacobs cashier. 634 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Liberty Liberty is a substantial rural village in the southern part of. the county, and this despite the fact that it has, as yet, been without the stimulating effects of railroad communication. It has about a dozen stores, several garages, a coal and wood yard, a feed mill, a bank and a newspaper. The last named, the Liberty Bee, was established in October, 1912, by its present owner and editor, W. A. Robinson. The Farmers ' State Bank was organized in 1903. The village school- house was erected in 1887. Liberty supports four churches, as fol- lows: Tlie Lutheran, Rev. M. P. Mortensen ; Church of the Brethren, Rev. C. 0. Stutsman; the Catholic (St. Bridget's), Rev. Father VoU- brecht ; and the Presbyterian, now without a pastor. The town is also represented in the lodge world by the Ma.sons, Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen and Royal Neighbors. The Odd Fellows organized in 1860 and the Masons in 1863. In order to bring the record of its activities strictly up to date, it may be added that S. G. Lawless, a leading and active citizen of Liberty, is chairman of the local exemption board wliich meets in that place. The fiist village in the township was established by the Mormons in 1830, about a mile and a half southeast of the present site of Lib- erty. It was called Montgomery'. A postoffice was established at Liberty in 1834, and in 1850 it was platted by Paris T. Judy. Liberty High School In 1852, the first Liberty Sehoolhouse was built on the site where Pond Brothers general store is located. Tlie building was a one- story building, built of brick manufactured on the C. A. Wagner farm one-half mile south of the village. W. H. Odell was the tii-st teacher. After fourteen years of service, the brick school building was too small for the rapidly increasing population of the Village of Liberty. Ambrose Dudley deeded to the school trustees the block on the north side of Dudley Street, so long as it should be used for school pur- poses. P. H. Mercer planted the shade trees on the play ground and around the block. The second school house was built in the summer of 1866. In 1885 the patrons again saw the needs of a large school building and purchased the one-half block where the present high school stands. The building was erected during the summer of 1887. The first brick sehoolhouse has been razed and the second building was sold to 0. H. Collins and is now used as a warehouse by the Pond Brothers general store. For many years the school taught only tlie rudiments of the country school, but it has had a gradual growth. For a few years only one year's high school work was taught. Another year's work was added and it finallv became a recognized two-year high school. QriXCV AND ADAMS COUNTY 635 Its curripiiluin now has a tlirei'-yi-ar course ami the seliool is classed as a recognized three-year hifrh school. The work done and the eur- riculuni have heen approved by the state superintendent of public instruction. The following is a partial list of men wIki have attended Lilierty High School and become prominent: P. II. Mercer, representative in Congress from Nebraska; John C. liroady, circuit judge of the Eighth Judicial District; W. E. Mercer, physician and captain in the service of the United States during the World war; Hay Mercer, also physician and captain in tiie military service during the late war; Floyd ]\Iercer, Christian minister and prominent banker in Cal- ifornia; Rolland Wagner, prominent lawyer at Quiney, representa- tive in the General As.seml)ly, 1916-18, and recently elected for another term; R. E. Balzer, prominent druggist in Dakota; L. L. Boyer, present county superintendent of iiighways of Adams County; Dr. Albert Boren, now living in Taeoma, Washintrton ; Nellie Foster, prominent in musical world, and Charles E. Boren, a prominent banker in Alton, Illinois. The teachers of the school in 1!)1H were: S. Fred Hall, principal; Arivilla Flick, eighth grade and assistant in the high school; Mabel Sims, fifth, sixtii and seventh grades, and Zeplia Welton, primary. Since its estal)lishment the Liberty School has had fifty-.seven teachers. The first teacher was W. H. Odell : the last principal of the school, serving when this history was written, was Fred Hall, a grandson of one of the former teachers. The Board of Directors for 1918. and the body to whom Liberty owes more to the advancement of her school than any other, was: W. A. Robinson, president, (ieorge Diehl, clerk, and Steven C. Lawless. The Board has fought manfully for a better and more up- to-date school, and it is its endeavor to realize a complete four-year high school. Gilmer Townsiiip and Fowler Gilmer, one of the central townships of the county, was named in honor of Dr. Thornton Gilmer, an early and promii ent settler. It was organized in IS.'iO. The first settlements were in the southern part of the township as early as 1829. The little hamlet of Fowler is on the Chicago, Burlington & Quiney Railroad, which passes through the northwest corner of the town.ship. The eighty acres on which it is platted, on the .southwest quarter of section 6, was purchased from Doctor Gilmer by Edward Fowler, of Mendon. Illinois. The Village of Fowler was laid out in August, 18r)6, by Henn- Brenner, father of Dr. Theodore Brenner of Quiney, and his son, Edward, was the first child born in the village. The Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul's Church was organized in September. 1862, and built a .small house of worship in the east part of the village. The German Method to prepare and report a constitution and by-laws for the organi/atioii. The Honorable M. J. Daugherty, of Galesburg, a member of the State Centennial Commission, was present and addre.ssed the meeting, explaining the object and scope of the celebration. After this address the committee on constitution and by-laws reported the following constitution aTul by-laws, which were adopted: Constitution Article I The name of this organization shall be Adams County Centennial Association. Article II Any citizeii of Adams County interested in the ob.ieets of the As.sociation may become a member thereof. Article HI The officers of this As.sociation shall consist of a presi- dent, vice president, secretary and treasurer, al.so an honorary vice president from each township. Article IV The officers and as many others as they may choose shall constitute an executive connnittee to have charge of the affairs of the Association when not in session. Article V The officers shall hold office for one year and until their .successors are elected and (pialifieil, and shall have power to fill all vacancies. By-L.\ws The annual meeting shall be held on the first Thursday of March each year. Special meetings may be called at any time by the I'resident or a ma.jority of the officei-s. The e.vecutive committee shall meet as it may here- after determine. Article I Article II Article 1 1 1 Vol I— «i 642 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY It was resolved that the matter of selection of the officers be referred to the county officials, who met on March 21, 1917, and chose George Gabriel, former superintendent of schools of the City of Quincy, president ; Judge Lj'man McCarl, vice president ; Joseph L. Thomas, secretary, and Major J. E. Adams, treasurer. Soon after this meeting the country was drawn into the World war and no more meetings were held until November 5, 1917, On the latter date a meeting was held at the Hotel Quincy to meet Horace Bancroft, of Jacksonville, Illinois, a member of the State Centennial Commission, who was present and addressed the meeting and requested that delegates be appointed to a meeting of the Centennial Commission to be held at Springfield on December 3. 1917. Judge S. B. ^Montgomery. Major J. E. Adams, J. L. Thomas and Judge Lyman McCarl were appointed delegates to the meeting. George Gabriel presented his resignation as president and stated on account of his arduous duties as a member of the Exemption Board that it was impossible for him to serve in that capacity. The resignation was accepted and on November 30, 1917, Judge S. B. Montgomery was chosen to succeed him. On December 3, 1917, Judge S. B. Montgomery, Judge Lyman McCarl and the secretary, Joseph L. Thomas, attended the state meeting of the Centennial Connnission at Springfield, and reported a very interesting session. The next meeting was held on January 22, 1918, when the officers reported that they had selected an execu- tive committee consisting of the officers of the County Commission and the following persons: Mayor J. A. Thompson, John H. Steiner, Joseph W. Emery, Trmnan T. Pierson, David F. Wilcox, William A. Richardson, William A. Jackson, William A. Fifer, Mrs. E. J. Parker, Mrs. 0. G. Mull, Mrs. 0. F. Schullian, Mrs. T. D. Woodruff, Mrs. Robert B. White, Mrs. A. S. Ellis and ^liss Julia Sibley. Judge Lyman McCarl outlined the aims, plans and possibilities of the Centennial Celebration, as he had done in an address at the meeting at Spi'ingfield. A committee consisting of Judge McCarl, J. H. Steiner, and J. L. Thomas was appointed to recommend names of vice presidents in each township, as provided in the constitution. Messrs. Steiner, McCarl and Wilcox were named a committee to confer with Superintendent Gill, of the public schools, with refer- ence to the Lincoln Birthday Celebration in the schools and to have attention called to the Centennial Celebration in connection therewith. Judge S. B. Motgomory, J. IT. Steiner, Judge Lyman McCarl, Mrs. A. S. Ellis, Mrs. T. D. AVoodruff and David F. Wilcox were appointed on committees, and instructed to report such organizations as they deemed advisable to carry on the work at an adjourned meeting on the first Monday in February. On February 4, 1918, a meeting was held at the Chamber of Com- merce at which the following committees were reported : on Finance, Churches, Fraternal Societies, History, Schools, County Organiza- tion, Fall Celebration and Publicity. t.iriNCV AM) ADA.MS corXTY G4:{ Thereupon the president iiiipoiiited as chairniaii of the various eoniiiiittees the follow iiii; named persons: Finanee, James K. Adams ; Churches, Mis. T. I). WoodnilT; Fraternal Societies, Truman T. Tier- son; History, William A. Richardson: Schools. John II. Steiner; County Organizations. Lyman McCarl ; Fall Celebrafinn. \V. A. Fifer; and Publicity, William A. Jackson. From this time on the celebration naturally fell into three divi- sions which will be treated as follows: Celebrations in the county; the presentation of the Pafreant of Illinois, and the celebrations in the City of Quincy. Celebrations in the Coi-nty The celebrations in the county consisted larpel.v of appropriate exercises in the public schools, one meeting, also, in each lod^e. and a collection of the names of the soldiers who had served in the War of 1861, in the Spanish-American war and who were then in the World war. Judpre Lyman McCarl was chairman of the organi- zation of the county outside of the City of Quinc.v. At a meetinpr of the Tcaehers" Association held in Quincy on February 14 and li>, IHIS, Judgre Lyman McCarl appeared before the teachers of that association on the latter day ; explained to them the scope and plan of the celebration of the schools, and ref|uested that each teaeher take the matter uj) with the directors in her district and provide for a celebration in her school. This was lar^'cl.v done, some of the schools holding the celebration in the spring and others in the fall. Early in April a letter was sent to each vice president in the township requesting that a chairman be appointed of schools, of churches, of lodges, and of collection of names of soldiers. This was done in many of the townships. Also a re(|uest was made that some picnic, old settlers' meeting, or one day of a Chautau(|ua that had heretofore been held in the villages and townships, be this .vear de- voted to a Centennial celebration. LinERTv TowNPiiir Ckntfnniai, Picnic The first one of these Centennial picnics to be held was in Liberty Township on August 9th. The churches of Liberty bad been for more than fifty years last past holding a union Sunday School jucnic. This year it was turned into a centennial celebration. A great throng estimated at 5.000 was in attendance. Mrs. Lillian Brown Inghram, of Quincy, a most acco!n;tlishec- tizing cafeteria lunch was served in the evening. The next week was tlie busiest one of the season. On August 15 and 16, 1918. a meeting was held at the Village of Clayton, tliis usually being the time that the Old Settlers' meeting was held, whicli this year was turned into a centennial celebration, but, on account of there being so many celebrations, a small crowd was pi-esent on Thursday, the first day : wliile on the second, Friday, a record-bretik- ing crowd was in attendance. Mrs. Lillian Brown Inghram was present and led in the community singing. Addresses were made by Horace H. Bancroft, member of the State Centennial Commission : Judge Lyman McCarl of Quincy, and Mr. Hoover, president of Carthage College ; also by an Indian cliief. One of the most interest- ing attractions was a booth in which had bei'n co'lected many old historical relics. Mendon For many years the Tri-State County Mutual Life Association had been holding picnics at Mendon on the third Thursday of August. (^riNCY AND ADAMS COINTV 645 III ini8 that picnic was turned into a Centennial celcbratinii. Aipio- priate exercises were held, a history of the townsliip was prepared and read by Joseph Frisbie. editor of the Mendon Dispatch, and vice president of the township. Tlic event of the day was an acUlress upon the war given by John E. Wall of (jnincy. In the evenin)r the ■■^lasque of Illinois'* was given, which will Im? referred to later. It was the opinion of those participating that the largest crowd that had ever been in attendance wa.s present on this day. Richfield On the same day, Thursday. August loth, a celebration was held in Jlartin's Grove, Richfield T()wnshi|). This was a special one for the occasion, and A. J. Gamble, vice president of this township, deserves a groat deal of credit for the efforts made in holding the celebra- tion. Edward Lutner, Herman Kill, Earl Rice, Orville Hess and W. J. Gamble had been appointed on a coiiunittee to prepare a history of the township and arrange for this celebration. Mi"s. Lillian Hrown Inghram led the community singing with her usual ability. Also there was a solo b.v Margaret McCarl and music by a local or- chestra. Addresses were made hv H. E. Schmiedeskamp, Hon. Wil- liam Schlagenhauf and Judge Lyman JlcC'arl. The latter spoke very feelingly, as this was his old township and many of his friends were present. At the close of the meeting a Red Cross sale was eon- ducted by George Hendricks of Beverly and W. F. Smith, county clerk, as auctioneers which netted a neat sum for the local Red Cross Society. Golden The town with a rich name celebrated on Saturday, August 17, 1918, with J. H. Paxton, vice president, as master of ceremonies. A very interesting history of the township had been prepared by Ira Reynolds, E. :M. Getting, Prof. C. L. Hawkins and Dr. J. F. Ross which was read. Music was furnished by a band of young girls dressed in khaki from Plymouth : also by a (luartctte of young ladies from Clayton who sang very sweetly and entertainingly. Mis. In- ghram was also present and led the community singing in her match- less way. John E. Wall was tlie orator of the day, and lie made a state- ment on that occasion that attracted much attention; and that was that "he believed that the World war would be over in this Centennial Year." ilany hoped that his prediction would come true, but few could believe it would be so; yet recent event.s have proved the cor- rectness of his prophecy. Judge Lyman McCarl spoke briefly on the Centennial and in the evening the ".Mastpie of Illinois" was given, which will be treated in detail in another chapter. 646 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Camp Point Township The week beginning Sunday, August 18th, was devoted to the Annual Chautuaqua. Monday was given over to the Centennial cel- ebration. George W. Cyrus, .the veteran editor of the Camp Point Journal, was made vice president of this township, and to him was allotted the task of preparing a history of the township. In the evening Hugh S. Magill, director of the Centennial celebration, was present and delivered what was perhaps the ablest address given iu the county on the Centennial of Illinois. Payson Tovtnship Mrs. II. F. Scarborough was appointed vice president of Payson Township. She selected some very able assistants and had prepared one of the completest histories of any township in the county. Pay- son Township has been celebrating for years "Old Settlers" Meet- ing'' on the fourth Thursday in August, and this year extra efforts were made to entertain the people. Henry M. Seymour, with his usual genei'osity, liad erected a new band stand in the public park. George Jlahan, one of the ablest speakers in Eastern Missouri, was the orator of the day. The day opened beautiful, and by two o'clock in the afternoon every available standing space in the public park was occupied. The Red Cross Society served a delightful chicken dinner and supper. Tlie history of the township was read by Reverend Brown and was thoroughly enjoyed by the old settlers. In the eve- ning the "Masque of Illinois" was to be given and, after the crowd had assembled and the curtain had been raised, a terrific rainstorm swept over the village and sent the crowd hurriedly to seek shelter. Every house in the Village of Payson was thrown open, even to the schoolhouse, to accommodate the visitors. Many from Quincy tried to return to their homes, but the roads were so muddy that those in automobiles found it a difficult task. The next morning the road was strewn with automobiles in the ditches, and it was a fruitful day for all garage men going out and bringing in disabled cars. It will be a day long to be remembered by those who were caught in that storm. Perhaps nothing could have occurred to so impress the Cen- tennial upon tlie memory of those who attended Payson Centennial as that storm did. Houston Township The celebration of the Centennial was held in this township at Big Neck on the last Saturday in August, 1918. The ilodern V/ood- raen have been holding for years a picnic at that locality, which, this year, wis turned into a Centennial. As usual a large crowd was pres- ent. Addresses were made by Hon. R. M. Wagner and Hon. William Schlagenhauf, of Quincy. A history of the township which had been QUIXCY AND ADAMvS COUXTV G47 prepared by George II. Rice. \V. A. Tiiylor. Miss Neva Tii.tcm. Miss Zelma Woods and Miss Ella Ei-kles, was read. CoLCMBus Township A pii-nic was held in Coluinhus the fii-st Saturday in Sc|)ttMnlier, 1918, under the auspices of the Farmers' As.sociation of Adanis Cnuu- t.v. Farmer Rusk had charge of the meeting and many appropriate addre.sses were made and a good time was had. Gilmer Township This township was organized, with Clay Lawless as vice president and Dr. G. E. Whitlock, chairman of the committee on soldiers; Mi-s. Ilujjh C. Lawless, chairman of cnmiiiittee on schools; James McCoiinel. chairman of committee on churches ; and Holford Whit- lock, chairman of committee on lodges. Honey Creek Township W. S. Gray wa.s the moving spirit in Honey Creek Township. Al- bert Brosi was appointed chairman of the committee on lodges; D. W. Morton, on schools; Samuel Tallcott, on soldiers; Miss Nannie White, on churches. A complete history of this townshi]i was jx-e- pared by W. S. (iray, which appears at length in the Adams County History of this year. Concord Township Concord having no village within its limits held no celebration, but was organized with T. Klmer JelTerson as its vice president, who appointed the following committees : Amos Sharp, William T. Roy, George Vollbracht and Albert Bcckman, who assisted him in prepar- ing a history of the township, and many of the schools observed the celebration. Melrose Township "Daddy Mast" was made chairman of Jfclrose Townshi|> and attended all of the meetings of the committee. Ilis township was or- ganized, a celebration was held in many of the schools and a very com- plete history of the township was prepared by E. D. Humphrey. Fall Creek Township Mrs. Henry M. .Seynmur was appointed honorary vice president of Fall Creek To^vnship. She had a very interesting history pre- pared of the township, which showed that one of the earliest schools 648 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY was held therein. On account of there heing no village in the town- ship, its citizens united with Paj'son in the celebration of the Centen- nial on the fourth Thursday of August. Centenni.^l, History of Liberty Township By W. A. Eobiitson, Historian Just four years after Illinois became a state this territory, of which Liberty Township is a part, knew no sounds except the sounds of Nature. No white man trod the forest and the plains — nothing disturbed the stillness but the cries of the wild animals and fowls; the bear, the deer, the wolf, the panther, the wild turkey, etc., and the bands of roving Lidians. Four more years and the centennial of Illinois would be the centennial of Liberty Township. We can imagine the prairie schooner wending its way across this fair land, containing the family of Daniel Lisle, who in 1822 settled on section 28, where Adam Lentz now resides. This farm for a number of years was known as the Wigle farm. The Wigle and Hunsaker families soon followed, and ere long a small settlement was formed. Other families came in and settled, and these marked the beginning of this township. There were no towns near ; not even Quincy, which was first settled in 1825, was in existence. The first postoffice was located on what is known as the Kimmons farm, where Jonas Schoonover now resides. There were no postage stamps and no envelopes, and the mail came only at long intervals. In 1831, A. H. D. Buttz settled on section 31, which was then owned by Mr. Pierce and which is still known as the Pierce place. He worked for Mr. Pierce for awhile. He later cut logs and erected a building and started a store, which was perhaps the first institution of the kind in this territory. From that time until his death, his life was indissolubly connected with the history of this township. A man by the name of Paris T. Judy laid out some lots in section 20, but it was afterwards discovered that he did not owai the lots, so the venture fell through. Later, a ]\Ir. Talbot sold this land to a Mr. Dudley, who in June, 1836, laid out the town of Liberty, or rather New Liberty. The first postoffice was called Liberty, but when it was moved to the village it was called New Libei-ty, with A. H. D. Buttz as first postmaster. The first schoolhouse in Liberty Township was built on the south- east corner of section 21. The first church was located where the Seigel schoolhouse now stands, and the first preacher was George Wolfe of the Brethren Church. The first horse mill was built by Daniel Lisle on section 21. The first marriage was Jacob Wigle to Miss Catherine Hunsaker, at the home of the bride's father. Rev. George Wolfe officiating. The first birth and death was the infant child of Mr. Kimbrick. The first supervisor of this township was David Wolfe. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 649 It was the custom, in the early days, to go around and hold meet- ings at the various houses. One of the favorite places was the home of Samuel Hunsakcr, where William Felsing now resides. Another favorite place was in what was known a.s the Bugg>' Shed, and was the huiUling that was recently torn down just south of the Carnes garage. Whenever they wished to hold meetings, they would take out the wagons and then hold services. Camp meetings were very numer- ous, and these were the days of the circuit rider, Peter Cartwright being one of the favorite preachers in this section. A few Mormons settled on section 27. They subsequently started a little village on that section and called it Montgomery. A. H. D. Huttz later came into pose.ssion of this land and tore down the houses, which marked the end of the Mormon village. The oldest native resident of this township is Uncle Henry Buttz, who has never resided more than eighty rods from the place of his birth, which was the residence where John Enlow now resides, only it was one lot further south. The history of Liberty Township would not l>e complete without the mention of some of the early pioneer families. Among the families that first located here might be mentioned the following: Wolfe, Ilunsakcr. Mitchel, Wigle. McClure, Hughes, Boren, Williams. Wag- ner. Walker, Chaplain. Limburg, Dayton, Grubb, Collins, Kimmoiis, Heeker, Xander, Lister, Hendricks, Lee, Eblow, McBride, Buttz. .Mc- Clintock. Sutherland. Titus, Pierce. Craig. Miller, Barnard. Shonty, Culp, Fessenden, Allen, Lovell. Scott, Vancil, Pond, Kennedy, Van- derlip, etc. Many of the descendants of these families are residing in the township today. The Village of Liberty was surveyed in 1836. Two new additions were soon laid out. To this original plot two additions have been made — the Lawlcss-Enlow and the C. W. Phillips additions. The oldest house in Liberty is the frame residence where John Enlow now resides, built by A. H. 1). Buttz. The next two oldest houses are the west half of the house now occupied by the Beringer brothers, and the south i)art of Robert Mercer's blacksmith shop. The first store in Liberty was built by 1). P. Meacham on the spot where the butcher shop now stands. The second store was started by A. H. D. Buttz where the brick store is located. It was later made of brick burned in what is now the west part of Liberty. The village had a slow but a gradual growth. Tt was not until May 8, 1912, that it began to really take on new life. A group of enterprising citizens gathered together and formed an a.s.sociation known as the Commercial Club. The first officers were Dr. W. E. Mercer, president ; L. L. Boyer, secretary. Rev. C. F. Shultz, vice president ; M. E. Graff treasurer. Among the first things this organization did was to lay out and mark what was known as the White Star trail: establish a newspajier. start a movement that ultimately resulted in our fine bank and Opera House, and direct influences so deep and la.sting that they cannot be told by a hi.storian. The Lawless-Enlow addition, with the lay- 650 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ing out of the park, was the real beginning of Liberty's growth, and since 1912 the village has nearly doubled in size and population. It is the center of supplies of this part of the country for miles around, and has a larger commercial trade than any village of its size in the county. Liberty has one bank, a newspaper, two groceries, one hardware store, the finest harness shop in the county, four restau- rants, one butcher shop, three blacksmith shops, three garages, the largest implement house in the county outside of Quincy, one hotel, an electric light plant, washing machine factorj', five churches, a three year recognized high school and one of the prettiest parks in the county. Liberty also has seven lodges. The one man to whom Liberty owes more than to any other individual for its financial growth and enterprise, is Steven G. Lawless, cashier of the Farmers Bank. Liberty Township has six churches : the Church of the Brethren, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Christian, St. Bridget's Catholic and the Pleasant View Baptist. The Church of the Brethren is the oldest organized body in the township, having been founded in 1831. In 1832 a building was erected west of Liberty where the Seigel schoolhouse now stands. Elder George Wolfe wa.s the first pastor. In 1874 a new building was erected in Liberty and is their present meeting house. In 1831 this church had a membership of over 200. Among the charter members were the Lierles, Wolfes, Walkers, Nations, Vancils and Hunsakers. The Presbyterian Church was organized in 1852, with L. W. Dun- lap as the first pastor. The first meeting of the society was held in the old brick schoolhouse where Pond's warehouse now stands. The present church building was erected in 1854. The Lutheran Church was organized in 1855, and preaching serv- ices were started by Rev. James Harkley, a farmer-preacher residing on section 29. The services at first were held in the Presbyterian Church. In 1870 they built a new meeting house on the site of the present church. This building was struck by lightning and burned in August, 1907. It was at once rebuilt and services re- sumed on Christmas, 1907. This church has always been self-support- ing and in a prosperous condition. Among the charter members were the Xanders, Williams, Freys, Graft's and Weisenburgers. The only living charter members are Daniel Balzer and Mrs. Elvina Frey. The Christan Church was organized in 1852 and held its first meet- ings in the old brick schoolhouse. Elder Ziby Brown was its first minister. In 1853 a church house was erected on lot 4 in block 10. In 1907 a new building was erected and is the present meeting place of the congi'egation. The church is in a prosperous condition and is out of debt. Among the charter members were the Grubbs. Benfields, Meachams, Vanderlips, Dunlaps, Travers, Malones, Kimmons, Hun- sakers, Titus, Rices, Barnards and Connors. The St. Bridget's Catholic Church at Liberty was organized at an early date and the first meetings were held at the houses of the mem- QUINCY AND ADAMS fOFNTY 651 bers. The iliurch building was erected in 1870. The first pastor was the Rev. Thomas Cusack. The eongrcgation is large and flourishing. The Plca.sant View Baptist Church was organized in the briek sehoolhouse in \i<')'.i with Stei)lu'ii .Mullen as pastor. The present church building wa.s erected in the fall of 1896. The charter members who an- known at this time are the Sliohoneys. liradleys, Culps and Barnards. Liberty Township has seven lodges — the Odd Fellows, the Re- bekahs. Masons, Eastern Stars. Modern Woodmen. Royal Neighbors and the Adams County .Mutual. The Odd Fellows Lodge was organized in 1860, B. F. Grover being the first noble grand. The Rebekah Lodge was organized in 1893, with Mrs. Caddie Enlos as the presiding officer. The Ma.sonic Lodge was organized in 186."?. with James R. Ilower- ton as the first worshipful master. The Eastern Star Lodge was organized in 1898, with Mrs. Mattie McBride as the worthy matron. The Royal Xeifrhbors were organized in 1899, with Mrs. Laura Heine as first oracle. The Adams County .Mutual was organized in 1010. with Dr. W. E. Mereer as the first president. The other organizations of the township are the Women's Christian Temperani-e Union and the Commercial Club. The Women's Christian Temperance I'nion was organized in 1907 with Mrs. Maggie drubb as the first president. In 1917, the Loyal Temperance Lct;2,r)00. Following is a list of the pastors: Rev. Thomas Cole, 1839-41; L. P. Kimball, 1841-43; H. C. Abernatly. 184.')- 50; G. F. Davi.s, 1853-55: Rev. Ilerrit, 1857-62; Leslie Irwin, 1867-73 ; J. P. Crowe, J. P. Dowson, D. Fulton, Rev. Wier ; F. Lippe, 1884-86: George Ernest. 1886-92; William Stecher, 1892-95; William Everds. 1895-99; G. Dusscuberry, 1899-1904; Rev. Jacobs, 1905-06; R. Batler. 1907-08; Rev. Tanner, 1908-09; Miss Taylor, 1909-10: J. L. Sawyer. 1910-16. Rev. McCrackon is the present pa.stor. The present ai'tive elders are: J. F. .Miller. William Alhrink, C. A. Schmidt. The church does not have a large membership — only fifty — but has done good work. • The oldest church in Burton Township is the St. Matthew's Evan- gelical Lutheran Church, located on the Broadway Road. This con- gregation was organized by a number of German Lutheran farmers living in the vicinity, who found it too inconvenient to drive to the Lutheran churches of Quincy on Sundays. 1859 marks the year in which the St. Matthew's Congregation was organized and the church building erected. The Rev. Edward Kombaum was the first pastor of the congregation. He remained but a short time, as did most of his successors in after years. During the fifty-nine years St. Mat- thew's congregation has been ser\'ed by fourteei\ pa.stors viz: Rev. Edward Kornbaum. 11. Klochemeir. A. Fisnier. A. Frowein, E. Brecht, H. Castens, W. Gcrnunm. G. Gerken. J. Schna<-k, and A. Cook, the latter being pa.stor of the church at the present writing. St. Matthew's church is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri. Ohio, and other states, the largest Lutheran Synod in America. From the very outset in 1859 a parochial .school was maintained. How- ever, in 1913 this schof>l was dissolved owing to the great distance most of the children would be obliged to travel, while the district .school proved more convenient. The German language was used exclusively in the St. ^latthew's Church until 1913. when the services 654 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY were conducted in the English language the first three Sundays of the month, with the remaining Sunday or Sundays, devoted to service in the German language. However, January 1, 1916, it was unani- mously resolved to drop the German language altogether. The name of the congregation was then changed to "The St. Matthew's English Evangelical Lutheran Church." The church building proper, as it .stands today, was erected in 1859 and improved and enlarged from time to time. In 1865, the present church hall and kitchen was added to the north end of the church building, being used at that time as the pastor's residence. In 1876 the present tower was erected and the large church bell installed. A schoolhouse was built in 1870 and when the parochial school was discontinued in 1913 the structure was com- pletely renovated and a large addition was built, thus providing an excellent, modern parsonage for the resident pastor. The Ladies' Aid Society of twenty members is an unusually active organization, which has merited much prai.se for the aid rendered unto the church along various lines. The Young People's Club is also hard at work in the interest of the church. The Sunday school and Bible class warrant a bright future for the congregation. The membership of the church has remained almost steady during the fifty-nine years of its existence. Today the membership has reached the highest mark in the history of the church, being nineteen voting members, seventy com- municant members and 120 soul members. The ilethodist Church at Burton was organized in 1896. The founders were L. Meyer, F. Seiz, W. Seiz, W. Kuhn, J. Mollenhauer, H. Vollrath and Mi"s. C. Stautermann and daughters. The church parsonage is located in Burton. The pastors were : C. F. Stecker, 1896-97; W. K. Herzog, 1897-98; W. P. Ludwig, 1898-99; Aug. Did- zun, 1899-1901: E. S. Hehner, 1901-04; H. H. Sehwietert, 1904-06; H. R. Kasiske, 1906-08 ; Hugo Lang, 1908-09 ; Max Opp, 1909-1911 ; H. H. Sehwietert, 1911-12; E. Goetz, 1916 (now serving). Present officers : L. Meyer, F. Seiz, W. Seiz and Otto Schmidt. Between the years 1860 and 1866 it was planned to build Pleasant Grove ^Methodist Episcopal Church. Before this time preaching serv- ices were held at three different places, viz. : Columbus, Mount Pleas- ant schoolhouse and Independence schoolhouse. The largest congi-ega- tion of members were in the Independence Society, and, as the school- houses were too small to accommodate the people it wa.s decided at a called meeting to- build two churches — one at Mount Pleasant and one at Pleasant Grove. The Mount Pleasant and Independence societies could not agree on a building site. About the same time services were being held at the Livingston schoolhouse, as the latter school district had some of the leading members. Daniel Hughes was the principal one, and through his untiring efforts it was agreed to build Pleasant Grove Church on the present site. Those most active in its construction were : Daniel Hughes, Garrett Stewart, James Ship- QriXCY AND ADAMS COUNTY C5o man and Elizah Thompson. All of the last mentioned have been called luinie to their reward. The ciiureh building was reinoileled in li'lT and a .social room erected in addition to the main building, the interior of the main building being equipped with modern improve- ments. The following is a list of pastors who have prea<*hed at Pleas- ant Grove Methodist Episcopal Church: Rev. Curtis Powell, 1866-6!?; Wm. McGoodinp, 1868; James W. Sinnoek. 1868-72; George S. Fer- ree, 1873; Sampson Shinn, 1874-77; Reuben Gregg, 1877-7!); Thos. J. Bryant, 187f)-82; A. M. Danely. 1882-85; J. V. Wohlfarth 1885- 88; J. L. B. Ellis, 1888-90; C. F. MeKown, 1890-9.3; A. A. White, 18;)3-98: S. W. Bak-h. 1898: A. V. Babbs, 1899-1901; W. E. Rose, 1901-04; C. S. Baughman. 1904-08; T. W. Green, 1908-10; C. T. Filch, 1910-13; A. R. Grummon, 1913-16; H. H. Waltmire, 1916-18; C. R. Underwood, 1918. The Baptist Church at Adams, was organized May 24, 1873. Elder Gibson, pastor of the Payson Baptist Church acting as moderator and H. L. Tandy, secretary. Charles M. Morton, (iiles S. Lewis, and II. L. Tandy were chosen deacons; Samuel MeVey, Alanson Lewis, and TI. L. Tandy, trustees. J. F. Richards was elected clerk and served the church in that capacity for twenty-three years. H. L. Tandy was the first treasurer, serving twenty years. At his resignation in 1893. S. S. Harkness was electetl and has servetl up to the present time. At the organization the church numbered thirty-six members; thirty- two had received letters from the Baptist Church at Payson, this county, and four from the Trenton Baptist Church. Grundy County, Mis.souri. The names of the charter members are as follows: Giles S. Lewis, ^frs. Giles S. Lewis. Ilattie il. Lewis, Alanson Lewis, Helen E. Lewis, Mrs. M. D. Scarboroutrh. William E. Price, Carrie Price. Annie Price. E. B. Tandy, :Mr. and Mrs. II. L. Tandy. Annette Tandy. Cerilla Tandy, Mrs. Ann Terrill. Nannie Terrill, Lucy Terrill, Mary n. Johnson. Rufus McVay. Susan McVey, M. P. :McVey. S. McVey. Alice S. Tandy, Jennie Bookout, C. M. Morton, Mary J. Proctor, Elizabeth Baker, ^lary Wheeler, Jane Hardy. Diantha Wingct, Melissa Baldwin, Annabell Fargiis. J. F. Richards, Mrs. J. F. Rich- ards. Effie Richards and Amelia Richards. At this first meeting a building committee was appointed consist- ing of J. F. Richards. Alanson Lewis, II. L. Tandy, Thomas Tripp and G. F. Terrill. The finance committee were Mrs. Giles, S. Lewis. Miss Nannie Terrill and TI. L. Tand.v. In the fall of 1873, a house of worship was built and dedicated free from debt: it cost about ^3.- 200. It was built on a piece of land on the southeast corner of a farm belonging to George F. Terrill and donated by him for this purpose. This is the building as it stands today. The following is a list of the pastors: Elder Kelly. 1874; Henry Steele, 187.')-76: II. C. Yates, 1877; Wm. Hawker, 1878-80; David King, 1881-82; Rev. Hart, 1883; Rev. Kent. 1884; Harry Tilbe, 1885-86; Stephen Douglas. 1887; C. H. Hands, 1888; Geo. Nicholson, 1890: William Hawker. 1891; William 656 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Stewart, 1893-95 ; Rev. House, 1896 ; W. D. Hawker, 1897-98 ; James Palmer, 1899 ; F. W. Wightman, 1902 ; Rev. Johns, 1904 ; D. W. Riggs, 1906; Geo. Kline, 1909-1910; M. G. Burton, 1911-1912; S. C. Taylor, 1915-18. The society was fortunate and greatly blessed by having from time to time such gifted men as the Rev. William Stewart, formerly of Quincy, now of Toledo, Ohio; Rev. Harry Tilbe, now and for many years past a missionary in India; Rev. J. B. Rogers, former pastor of the First Baptist Church of Quincy, and now in charge of one of the Chicago Baptist churches. The Burton Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was char- tered Octol)er 10, 1877, after having effected a preliminary organi- zation August 8, 1877. The charter members were Geo. J. Sehaefer, noble grand ; Raymond Cook, vice grand ; P. R. Jlyers, secretary ; Henry Meise, treasurer ; J. H. Rump, Arnold Michaels and F. M. Steele. A lodge hall was erected in 1887. The present ofBeers are Wm. Elliott, N. G. ; James Elliott, Jr., V. G. ; Ira Schnur, secretary : J. A. Pulma, treasurer; G. T. Hilsinan, G. A. Lierle, Joseph Abel, Wm. Richards and F. N. Steele, trustees. Of the charter members J. H. Rump, Henry Meise and F. N. Steele are living. The Burton Chapter of the Modern Woodmen of America was or- ganized on July 24, 1907. The charter members were Frank H. Steele, consul; G. A. Lierel, clerk; A. R. Schmelzle, banker; Andy Grimmer, adviser; Jacob Beckman, C. L. Blickhan, Hugh Bliven, Willis Cook, D. J. Dean, J. W. Elmer Fries, Wm. Hartman, C. G. Paul, Elmer N. Powell, Joseph Schmelzle, Lester A. Steele and Edward Theisen. The meetings of the chapter are held in the Odd Fellows Hall. The pres- ent officers are : Charles Ellerraeier, consul ; Clyde Seiz, clerk ; Lester A. Steele, banker ; Hugh Bliven, adviser. The oldest school in Burton Township was taught by Mrs. Griffin in her own home in 1830. It was an old log house located on the south- east cjuarter of section 4, now owned by William Zanger. The first log schoolhouse was located on the southeast quarter of section 3 or one-half mile north of the Pleasant Grove Church, in 1836. About the same date another old log schoolhouse was located on the northwest quarter of section 21, near the creek south of Mrs. Anne Elliot's home. These schools were subscription schools. In July, 1841, the township was divided into three districts — Northeast, Burton and New Town — and in October of the same year Elm Grove was cut off the west end of New Town. In 1844 the township was divided again, this time into six dis- tricts. In 1846 Southeast District was cut ofP the east end of New Town District, thus making seven districts as we have them today. On June 2, 1855, at a called meeting of the township trustees, a tax of one mill per dollar was levied on all taxable property, for the pay- ment of teachers' salaries. The districts were numbered as required (^riXCY AND ADAMS COUNT V 657 l>v law aiid the township was to i-ontaiii seven districts. Tlie districts were numbered as follows: Livingston, Xn. 1: Independence, No. 2; liurton. No. ;5 ; Southwest, .\o. 4; New Town. No. 5; Soutlieast, No. 6; Union, No. 7. These nuiul)ers continued in use till 1!I07, when thc.v were changed fom 191 to 197 inclusive. The first district seho ADAMS C'OrXTV 659 and was always an intt-rested friend and conipaninn i>f tlic people who were so fortunate as to live within his aequaintanc-e. lie was the life of the "Old Dongla-s Debater." Rev. C. M. Wilson, now pastor of the Mount Sterlinj; Jlethodist Episcopal Church, and A. A. Eaton, teacher in a bu.siness college of St. I.ouis, are well rciiieiiibered teachers of Burton Townshij). A. M. Samuels, former pupil of Indepent'encc, was a mcmln'r of the House of Representatives from 1878 to 1880. Henry Conner former i)upil of Livinfrston. worked his way through law school, moved to California, became a prr)minent lawyer and successfully carried a case through the Tnited States Supreme Court for the sufrar refinery. Edward Elliott, also of Livingston, now is state bank examiner of California. Ivewis Steiiback. now of Hutchinson. Kansas, sends greetings to all old friends and schoolmates. In the schoolhouse you will find on exhibition, pictures of all the schoolhouses of Burton Township: also pictures of former pupils now living who are seventy years of age. The special military history of Burton Township commences with the mustering into the Union service, on September 1, 1862, at Quincy, of the following residents: Horatio J. Hughes, Guy M. Birdsall. Leo Gearhard, Slater Lewis. Matbew Leach. John L. Manisl, AVm. A. Mamifer. Henry Morton. Moses .Nichols, Win. G. Reed, Arris Young, Charles T. Birdsall. Jeremiah Browning, Harvey J. Metz, Terrill B. Proctor. Martin Luther Roe. Lewis K. Roe. Wm. Wells, James Corbin, Ben.jamin B. Blivens. Washington Corljin. John J. Childers. Reuben Frey, James W'. Harris, Wm. J. J. Mitts. John G. ^fanifold. Henry C. "Wheeler. Arthur Clingingsmith. fieorge B. Ilendrix. Newton Huffman. Andrew J. Stillison. Andrew ("ookson, Robert Price, Jasper Huffman, Peter Hartman and I^ewis Whitaken. The foregoing joined the Fiftieth Regiment of Infantry which, as an organization, was musteretl into the service at Quincy. September 12, 1861, by Capt. T. C. Pitchou. I'. S. A. It was present at the cap- ture of Fort Donaldson, February 1."). 1S62: at the iiattlc of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. where Colonel Bane lost his right arm: at t)attle of Corinth, May 1, 1862, and Boonville. Mississippi; at a skirmish at Bean Creek, April 17. 1863; at Cherokee and Xewsonics Farm: at Town Creek. April 28, 1863. where it fought (Jeneral Forrest. Smith Thompson formed a cavalry company at Quincy, in AugiLst, 1864: was taken prisoner and exchanged : died and is l>uried at Balti- more. Maryland. On January 1. 1864, three- fourths of the regiment re-enlisted and returned tf) Illinois on veteran furlough. A creat rally occurred at Liberty, and a great fight on the main street of the town, in which the soldiers knocked everybody down who opposed them. They re- turned to the front and fought near Ortanauld River, .\pril 17, 660 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 1863; at Cedar Town, July 3, 1863; and at Altooua, Colonel Hanua was shot through the thigh. The Fiftieth was at Cave Spring, Oc- tober 13, 1862 ; marched with Sherman to the sea ; met enemy at Little Ogeechee and fought at Bentonville, on March 24, 1865; was present at the Grand Review in Washington, D. C, May 21, 1865; won a prize banner at Louisville, Kentueln-, July 3, 1865 ; was mus- tered out of service July 13, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, Illi- nois, July 14, 1865. The soldiers who enlisted in the Eighty-Fourth Illinois Infantry from Burton Township were: James F. Hughes, Phillip Keller, Stephen A. Malone, DeWitt C. Miller, Joseph S. Pond, L. Scheder, John H. Smith, George W. Thompson, George W. Wilson, Henry Y. Lewis, Crayton Slade, Wm. R. Gray, Wm. M. Powers, Samuel J. Blivens, James T. Bartholamew, Levi M. Dort, Samuel Getz, Thos. M. Bagby, Wm. L. Hughes, Loren W. Lewis, Martin ilerrill, Benja- min F. Morton, Newton J. Robb, George W. Simpson, Israel Spitler, Wm. H. Wells, Wm. JIalone, S. S. Slater, James Malone, Lyman C. Hancock, Francis Baltzer, George A. Blivens, Samuel M. Crawford, Samuel Ellis, Wm. H. Holftnan and Henry Sparks. The Eighty- Fourth Illinois Infantry (volunteer) was mustered into the service on September 1, 1862, at Camp Quincy, Illinois, by Capt. Thomas Ewing, an officer of the regular army. The regiment left Quincy September 23, 1862, for Louisville, Kentucky, and soon after started on that memorable march to Nashville, Tennessee. On the march from Bush Creek to Somerset, ninety of the men waded through snow, slush and mud a distance of twelve miles without shoes. In the battle fought December 31, 1862, at Stone River, 228 men were killed and wounded out of 350 engaged. Lieutenant Roberts of Com- pany E was shot in the spine. Other battles in which Burton Town- ship soldiers participated: Perryville, Woodbury, Lookout Moun- tain, Ringgold. Buzzard Roost, Burnt Hickory, Smyrna, Jonesboro, Franklin, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Re- saca, Kenesaw Mountain. Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and Nashville. The number of casualties in battle, 558 ; killed by accident, 7 ; died of disease, 124. Four men were taken prisoners; Lieutenant-Colonel Morton; Corporal John P. Chowring of Company E. ; Private Herbert shot by a guard at Andersonville, on the dead line ; William H. Till- son of Company E exchanged by order of secretary of war. The regiment was camped on the slope of the mountain near Buzzard Roost Gap, in Tennessee, when news came that General Lee had sur- rendered and the war was over, and the regiment was mustered out of service June 9, 1865, at Camp Harken, Tennessee. Crayton Slade, of Company E, who' enlisted August 5, 1862, at Livingston School, was eighty-eight yeai's of age May 14, 1918. He lives in Gilmer Township, at Paloma. Soldiers of the Spanish-American war who went from Burton Township : Eugene Weisenger, Walter S. Wells, Willis Cook, Theron QUINCY AND ADA.MS COrXTY (Uil Hirdsel and Peck Troctor enlisted in the I'nitetl Stales Navy at (^uincy. May 30. 1898; took part in the actions at Guantanaino ]iuy and at San Juan; diseharped Xoveinber 2'i, 1898. Soldiers of the present World war who have pone from Hurton Township: Charles W. Cook, horn June 24, 18!)0. Enlisted in United States Rcpular Army January 6, 1912. Placed on list of re- serves, January .">. lid 5. Reported for duty in present war at Jef- ferson Barracks, Missouri, May 18, 1917. Sent to Fort Moidtrie, South Carolina. Promoted to serpeant. Battery A, Si.xty-First Artil- lery. C. A. C. Volunteered. Mark II. Tandy, horn March 1. 1893, Burton Township, Illinois. Enlisted at Quincy June 2"). 1!)17. Hospital Corps, Fort Riley, Kan- sa.s. Volunteered. Frank L. Cook horn June 1. 1S93. Enlisted at Quincy. June 2;), 1917. Sent to Fort Riley, Kansas; later to Camp Travis, Texas; Three Hundred and Fifty-Eiphth Motor Amhulance Corps. Vol- unteered. Elmer II. Ilartman, horn June 21, 1887. Burton Township, Illi- nois. Enlistment ftt Quincy, Septemhcr. 1917. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. Selective draft. Ellis S. Tandy, born April 15, 1898. Enlisted at Quincy. Decem- ber 26, 1917. Sent to Camp Sevier. South Carolina: later to Camp Merrit, New Jerse.v. Volunteered. Oeorge A. Proctor, born August 4. 1890, Burton Township, Illi- nois. Enlisted at Quincy. April 3, 1918. Sent to Fort Crockett, Texas, assigned to Battery D, Third Transport Motor Battalion. Vol- tmtcered. Milton M. Dean, born July 21. 1892. Burton Township, Illinois. Enlistment at Quincy. April 3. 1918. Sent to Fort Crockett. Texas, assigned to Battery I). Third Transport Motor Battalion. \'olun- teered. AVilliam A. Veihl, horn Fcbrnar\ 4, 1804. Burton Township, Il- linois. Enlistment at Quincy, May 30, 1918. Sent to Fort Sheri- dan, Alabama. Assigned to Machine Oun Company. August Ilopson. born August T), 1888, Hancock County. Illinois. Enlistment at Quincy. May 24. 1918. Maurice P. O'llare, born January 21. 189.3, Burton Township, Illinois. Enlistment at Quincy, December 1. 1917. Sent to Fort Baker, California. Company Seventeen, .\rtillerv. Earl C. Brackensiek. born 'November 23. 189.i. Burton Town- ship. Illinois. Enlistment at Quincy. May 3. 1918. Sent to Camp Sheridan. Alabama. Company fl, Forty-F'ifth Infantrw Carl Mollenhauer, born December 24. 1898. Burton Township, Illinois. Enlistment urd. I. Carpenter, Douglas Belt/,, Mi-s. Sarah Barnard, Klla Riee, Tiny Nichols, Anna (ieavatt, Lois Trotter, Wesli'v SjiiimioikIs, La\ira Jolinsoii. < "lias. A. Reid, Gilbert Wwxls, Eiiiiiia Wliiteineyer. .Matt MeMeachan, Rclieeea Coriiiany, Ira Smith, Carolina I'hland, Louie I'hland. Alice Lawrence, Klecta Groniand, Mary Iluddleston. Rosa Flick, K. A. Orummonds. Klsie Holenum, A. L. Enlow, (Jeitrude Arnt/.eu, Roy McKiii/c, Charles Daly, Elmer Stewart, Florence Cook, Ira Scott, Lula Ilerzog, Maude Sittler. Car- rie Goertz, Agnes Welsh, Floyd Stewart. Nellie Gray and Frank Bauer. Riehtteld's present school was huilt in 1870. Followin;; is a list of the teachers who have taught therein : Edward Roe, Rob- ert Hinckley, Walter Hinckley, James House, Dr. W. F. Snider, John Smith. Andrew Tyler, Ben Collins. Orson Lock. Harry Lock, T. O'Morre, Winnie Hartshorn, Maggie Welsh. Rosa Flick. Ben Groves, Robert Glenn, Myrtle Sturtevant, Edith House, Dean Fer- ryman, Agnes Welsh. Gertie Daniels, Opal Hocliiiiin iiinl E. D. Picrson. The names of those who have taught in Wagy School .since 1863 are as follows: Harrison .McKee, A. J. Watkins. Lucy Calloway. Elizabeth C. Mosley. Louis H. Kidder. Elizabeth E. Johnson, Thebe A. Ester, Lydia Fusselman, Crawford Maple, A. F. Green, Kate Petit. Charles Thompson, Melvina Nichols. Sarah Barkley. Barton R. Field, Cle Enlow, Newton Potter, JL V. Humphrey, George Ijock, A. B. Call. L. C. Carter, Lyman McCarl, Belle Lock, Hester Good- ner. Alice Browning. Mattie McMcachan. Grant McCarl, Ida Hull. Louisa Thompson, Edgar Landoii, Jesse Alcshire, Orson Lock, Harry Lock, Bessie Smiley, L. D. Peters, Charles Wagy, W. B. Smiley, Alma Thompson. Edith Bobbins, Florence Cook. Sylvia Smiley. Emil House, Jesse Morrison, John Daniels, Charles Wagy. Nellie Gray and Zepha Welton. Frank's school was built in 1872. Following is a partial list of teachers that taught during that time: Florence Sells. Mary Heine, Thomas Enlow, Daisy Tourney, Myrtle Austin. Lucy Griggs. Guy Tourney. Louisa Hennings. Emma LicHe. Catherine Fischer, Fred ilcCarl, Francis Crim, Byron Lock. Ray Clary. Angle Hunsaker and Neva Drage. Following is a list of teachers who taught at Oakwood School: Newton Forgy, John Daniels, Madge Dunn. Lucy Griggs, Jcs.sc Ale-shire, Marie Freeman, Claudie Lea.se. liable Daniels, Carl Riee. Wilma Tandy, Harry Lock. Gertie Daniels. :\raggic Flynn. ISIattie Triplett, Nettie Fitzgerald, Agnes ,\bbott. Orson Lock. Edna Lari- more, Winnie Hartshorn, Orphia Hull, Rosa Curren. Rebecca Cor- many, Patrick Daniels. Maude House. J. C. Baker, (icorgia Anna Pryor. Clement McCarl and Verna Pickens. What is now known as District No. 232 (Akers School) was organized sometime before the Civil war. or about sixty-five years 664 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY ago. A fairly complete record has been kept for the past fifty-five years. Perhaps the first building used entirely for school purposes wa.s of logs and stood a short distance south of the present residence of Doctor Davidson. About the year 1862 a frame building largely of oak wa.s erected on the site of the present sehoolhouse. This was built by Cyrene Johnson of Siloam, Illinois, and was used by the district until the present building replaced it in 1890. The old sehoolhouse is now used as a residence by William Nations, Sr. The district was at one time much larger than now, and has had a school population of over 100. Two former teachers became county super- intendents, John H. Black and John Jimison ; others are John Weber, a well known banker of Barry, Illinois ; Douglas Belt?., a wealthy ranch owner and legislator of the State of Washington ; George Kendall, county agent of Morgan County, and J. B. Hend- rick, principal of schools, Petersliurg, 111. Former pupils of old Akers may be found all over the West, and have done and are yet doing a good part in the uplifting of whatever section of the country they are residing. Following is a list of teachers since April, 1863: Carrie Crocker, John Jimison, John Weber, Albert Leach, John D. Henry, Anna Bimson, William McKinney, Priseilla Watkins, Mar- tha Huffman, John H. Black. Charles Kendall, John A. Cunning- ham, Lydia Bimson, Sarah Jimison, Douglas Beltz, Mary Salthouse, Louis Trotter. Serena Callahan, Jennie Buffington, Becky Cormany, Samuel Ensminger, John M. Lutener, T. G. Murphy, N. P. Mclntire, Edgar Sellars, W. B. Moore, George Buffington, Cle Enlow, Mollie Smith, Nannie McMahan, Frank Shelly, W. D. Bigelow, Ada Hedges, Louis Charles, Wood D. Anderson, Emma Hedges, George Kendall, Mar,y Heine, Henry Davis, Herbert Hendricks, Lura Grubb, John Daniels, Ora Funk, C. L. Chandler, Quindo Lierle, Lydia Goretz, Leta Nations, Milton Hofmeister, Ralph Hofmeister, Nina Cutforth. Harry Hackard and Edith Chamberlain. The old Rose Hill Sehoolhouse, a frame building built in 1855, was located one-half mile south of the present stone one, which was erected in 1875, at a cost of .$800. N. G. Peters, S. L. McClain and William T. Davis were the directors at the time the money for the building was borrowed of A. H. D. Buttz. A Mr. Evans of Liberty did the stone work. Mr. Carney of the same place did the carpenter work. Charles Chandler pla.stered the building. The stone was quarried on the farm of W. H. Beavers by Lee Cougkenour. The following is a partial list of teachers from 1855 to 1882: Charles Kendall, Mollie Robinson, Clarence King, Harrison McKee, Mattie Henderson, Angeline Spence, David Starr, Jesse Clymer, Thomas Ferrier, N. G. Peters, Hugh G. Tourner, John Broady. Sarah E. Orr, A. B. Call, C. A. Carson and J. H. :\Iorrison. From 1882 to 1918 : L. S. Clymer, Mollie Smith, Jennie Doty, Fay Behymer, Cas- sina Rush, Anna Peters, Jennie Penny, Charles Davis, A. I. Tyler, Elsie Holeman, May Wood, Jesse Alcshire, Florence Sells, Ada Hedges, Richard Kennedy, W. H. Morley, J. C. Baker, Lemuel QUINCY AND ADAMS COUXTY 665 Peters, Hannah Feiigel, Eujrene I'ierson, Olive Works, .Maude Eilson. 0\n I'aliriek, Josie Aleshire, Ora Oitker. Dollic Callalian, Tiny Austin. Marie FreeTiian, Pearl Oitker. Nellie .Morrison, Milton Ilofineister, Mamie Sims. Elmer Fengel. ("arl Riee. Jes.se Morrison, Iva Taylor. Nina C'utforth. Zepha AVelton, Kditli Chamberlain, Mabel Sims and Sophia Ryan. First {'enter Schoolhonse was of losrs built in 1S4."), and stood. one-half mile southwest of the present building;. The direetoi-s built a new frame in ISoH, where the new stone sehoolhoiisc now stands, which was built in 1874. Mrs. Carrie Doeiufis tau-ilit in the first schoolhonse in 185:1 ; J. L. Stevenson in the new frame house in 1858, and Lucy J. Corkins, in 1860. The following teachei-s have taupht since that time: Mary Brewer, John H. Mlack, Jessie lily- mer. Leander Clymer. Sarah Bclip, James House, Martha Tyler, Sebastian Riter, Louie Ilolembeak, Josie Kelly. Thomas Davidson, Kate Pcttit. Ella Sprague. Sarah (ieorpe. Robert Hinckley, Elic Caron, George Carson, Louis Trotter, A. I. Tyler, Angiline Jimison, Thomas Davis, Warren ]\Iorrison, \Vade Gilkey. Priscilla Watkins, Lawrence Hoskins. Sape Iloskins. Rosa Flick, Myrtle Sells, Mary Heine. George B. Kendall, R. D. Peters, Ada Hedges, Maude Mot- ley. Olive Works, Rosa Daniels. Albert Flick, Lula Herzog, Dan Peters, John Daniels, Cora Oitker, Clarence Morrison, Nellie Mor- rison. Dean Ferryman, Myrtle Austin, Alta Preilmore, Agnes Welsh. Elmer Fengel. Opal Holeman, Bertha Drage, Venia Pickens, Zepha Welton, Frank Young and Mabel Sims. No. 7 schoolhonse was built in 1870. The old building stood one-half mile south on the old Stewart farm. Following are the names of teachers who have taught since 1864: James Doran, Carrie Baker. F. C. Chandler. Francis Lock, John Brothers, Jesse McTucker. Louise Chandler, Francis M. Chandler, Mary M. Rath- liorn, Nellie Funk. F. M. Behymer, F. J. Clymer, Marden Forgy. Crawford Miehels, :Margaret Barkley, Thomas J. Cook, :M. McKin- ney, J. L. Cl.\nner. Ada Holembeak. James Gayer. John Woods, Leander Chtner, Kate Pettit, Monroe Robinson, Rufus Hicks, Laura Hinckle.v, I>eon 0. Crim, Raehael Sims, I^ona Holembeak, Genie Lock, Ella C. Freeman. Sada McAtee, Lucy Lou McCrory, Alice Lock, Lucus Morrison, H. Harrison. Mary R. Doty. R. W. Kennedy, Jennie Doty, Anna McMahan, Nellie Conboy, Rena Wike. Cassins Rush. Anna Peters, Mattie Triplett. G. W. Doyle. Walter Triplett, Charles Wagy, Malsy Austin, Ora Funk, L. D. Peters. Irma Ricker. Nettie Shuwe, Tiny Austin. Lydia Hofmeister, Enuna Lierley, Elda Sittlcr. Alta Predmore, Lilian Schmidt. Nina Cutforth, :Marie Bauer, Florence Davis, Jennie Bnffington, Elinor Cutforth, Mildred Sykes and Dollie Callahan. The stone for the Methodist Episcopal Church at Richfield was hauled there in September. 1858, and the wall was laid the same fall bv William Holcomb. The sills were cut and hewed by Mr. 666 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Holeomb on the farm now owned by Robert Welton. The framing was clone by a man named Thompson. It was blown down before it was completed. This eaiised some trouble between the building committee and Mr. Thomjjson. The matter was iinally settled by arbitration suit. The framing timber was sawed out by Jesse Evans on the farm now owned by J. C. Keener. The lumber was bought in Chicago, shipped to Coatsburg and dressed by hand on the grounds. The carpenters employed were R. G. Burk, William Camp- bell, Mr. Hufert and Mr. Reynels. The building committee com- prised R. Hartshorn, Sr., R. W. Hinckley, Perry Howard, Isaac Cleveland and A. G. Burk. The dedication sermon was delivered by a Mr. Neuman who also ministered to the church for some time. The church has had many able ministers during these years of its existence. Last but not least among them is the present minister, Rev. G. W. McCumber, who.se loving Christian character has made him a host of friends. During the winter of 1885 Elder Calel) Edwards of the Payson Christian Church held a meeting in the town hall. Quite a number made a good confession and united with the cause at that place. Their building plans were laid and the church was dedicated by Brother Edwards. The building committee consisted of Alvin Hartshorn, Charley Williams, W. C. Trotter and L. S. Wagy. A. M. Glenn was given the contract for the carpenter work. Alvin Harts- horn did the plastering. Brother Edwards preached for the church for several years and was followed by J. T. Parrick, and F. Boyd of Barry, Illinois. Several meetings have been held by evangelists, including T. L. Nabbitt, Kansas City, Kansas, and Joel Brown, of DesMoines, Iowa. Shiloh Chapel, situated on section 30, and built in 1853 by Sam- uel Lock at a cost of $1,000, was dedicated 1854. The first board of trustees consisting of W. M. Gooding, Joseph Linthecum, Henry Lyle, William Holeomb, Jacob Baker and Benjamin Fahs. The first superintendent of Sunday school was Philip Fahs. Some of the leading laymen were Simon Groves, Joseph Lyons, Jesse Rod- gers, Simeon Baker, Emory Lock and others. The first minister was Reverend Northcott. Rev. Emery Elliott was pastor in 1855. Among the earl.v ministers was Rev. Sanford Bond. Peter Slagel came to the work in 1877; William McKendree Gooding, 1878-79; J. J. Dugan, 1880 ; Edward Weaver was pastor in the early '80s ; James B. Wade, 1885-87; S. G. Ferree, in 1888; Reverend Gregg, in 1889; J. W. Madison, 1890-95; A. V. Babbs, 1896-97; C. F. Buker. 1898-90; I. W. Keithley, 1900-190.3; J. W. Biddle, 1904; M. D. Tremaine, 1905-07; A. B. Fry, 1907-10; George Bechtel, 1910-14. Mr. Bechtel was succeeded by George F. McCumber in 1914, whose five years of service are closing. The present board of trustees consists of S. A. Barber, Grant McCarl, Orville Hess, William Baker and Joseph P. Harrison. On December 19, 1879, a Baptist society was organized in the QUINCY AND ADA.MS COUNTY 667 I'iii Oak sfhoolhouse consisting of six iiipiiibors. IJy motion, this society adopted the name of Mount Zion and organized a Sunday school. On July 23, 1880, the soi-iety was roojrnizcd hy the I'ayson, Barry, Newtown, Kingston, New Canton and Richlield Maptist organ- izations and thereby became recognized as a church. In the fall of 1887 a church was built and dedicated on Dcccniber 18th of the same year, taking the name of the society, whidi was now Mt. Zion Baptist Church. The sermon for this occasion was given by the Rev. F. P. Douglas, assisted by tiie Hevercnd First, of Harry. The fol- lowing arc the pastors who have served the Mt. Zion Baptist ("hureli with years of service: 1880, Jacob ('ornelius; 1881, William Green: during August. 1882. a series of meetings by the Rev. J. \V. Thomp- son, an evangelist from Iowa: 1883, Reverend Goodwin; 188C. Rev. Frank Douglas and Rev. S. A. Douglas; 1888, Rev. Frank Douglas; 1889. Reverend Kennedy: 1802, "William Hawker: 180.3. Rev. Joe Douglas; 1896. Rev. \V. I). Hawker (closed pastorate in litOl i ; 1002. Reverend Andwick; 1903, Reverend John; 1906, Reverend Boyce; 1!W>7. Reverend Bowermaii : 1008. Rev. Horace Wheeler; 1010. Rev. James McKeehan; 1011, Rev. Gilbert Claxton (pastorate from April, 1911, to June 3, 1917.) IIiiNKV Grkkk Township Hi/ W. S. (Iran The Town of Honey Creek comprises congressional township No. 1 north of the base line and 7 west of the fourth principal meridian. It is one of the centrally lo<-ated townshi])s of .\dams County and is bounded on the north by Keene Township, on the east liy Camp Point, on the .south by Gilmer, and on the west by Mendon. It con- sisted originally of alx)ut three-fifths timber and two-fifths prairie land. Excepting a small area in the southeast portion of the town- shij), its entire watershed is drained by Bear Creek, the principal branches of which are Honey and Brush creeks. The township is well adapted to farming and stock raising. .Mtliowgh tiiiiher was an important factor to the early settlers, much of the tiiid)er land has been cleared for farming and at the present time not more than one- fourth of the township is timber land. There is an ainnidance of limestone in the township, excellent for both building |)urposes and roadmaking. and also an inexhaustible sii|)|)Iy of brick clay, but little of which has been utilized for brick making. The early settlers gave much attention to fruit culture and large and beautifid orchards of apple, peach, pear, and other fruit-bearing trees were to be. found near their homes. On account of the advent of inse<-t enemies these early orchards, which have nearly all pas.sed away, arc not being replaced by present owners as generously as was done by early sct- tlei-s. This fact is much to be regretted as there is no more beauti- ful sight than a well kept orchard, a proof of which is 'Sunnyside Fruit Farm"' just north and east of Coatsburg, owned and cared for 668 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY liy J. R. Lambert. The township derived its name from one of the creeks that drains a large portion of the western half of the township. This creek was called Honey Creek because the early settlers fonnd l)ee trees along its banks, and often tliese trees when cut down were found to contain a bountiful supply of honey. The writer has no positive information as to when, where, and by whom the first settlement was made in the township or who was the fir.st child born in the township. The Adams County History jiublished in 1879 by Murray, Williamson and Phelps states that the first settlement was made at Walnut Point, but does not give the date or name of settler. This is the quarter section lying east of Coatsburg, now owaied 'by George H. Gray, being the northeast quarter of section 36. Dr. W. E. Gilliland, an early settler of Mendon Town.ship, and who lived in Honey Creek from 1870 until 1912, the date of his death, makes the following statement in regard to the early settlement of Honey Creek in tlie histor.y prepared by him for "Past and Present History of Adams County," published in 190.5 and edited by the Hon. William H. Collins and Mr. Cicero F. Perry: "The first habitation of which we have any knowledge was built by a squatter named Haven on section 21, prior to 1830." Whether the first settlement was made on section 21 or 36, or possibly some other section, it seems from the best information obtainable that the first settlement was made either in 1829 or 1830. Among the earliest settlers was Enos Thompson, who settled in the southwest part of the township about 1830. He was the father of a large family of sons and daughters and the settlement by this family in the southwest part of Honey Creek and the southeast part of Mendon was known for miles around as "the Thompson settle- ment." Enos Thompson was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, quite a revivalist, and generally known throughout Western Illinois. Martin Stewart, who was also an earlj- settler of Honey Creek, married one of Enos Thompson's daughters. W. H. Thomp- son, who was postmaster in Coatsburg for many years, is a relative of Enos Thompson. Benjamin Baldwin settled on section 18 in 1833, coming to Illi- nois from North Giiilford. Connecticut. His grandson, George H. Baldwin, later became the owner of the land settled by his grand- father and in addition acnuired other large and valuable tracts of land in Honey Creek and Mendon townships. He has since retired from the farm and is now living in Mendon. Thotnas. James, John. Richard and William Wliite, brothers, came to Adams Countv from Alabama in 1833 and settled in the central part of Honey Creek in 1834. Their parents came also a little later and lived in the township near their children. Thomas White became an extensive farmer, and he and his wife Na»icy were the parents of a larffe family of children, as follows: John A., Calvin. James M.. William. Thomas C, Sarah A., Jane, Hugh L., and Theodore. Thomas C. and Hugh L. served their conn- QUIN'CY AM) ADAMS COUNTY 669 try ill the Civil war. IIiiK'li ■-• *l'i'*l while in tlie service Theodore died in early manhood. John A. married Lizzie White and t(«»k an active i)art in the eivii- atTairs of the county and township. He wa.s also a successful fanner. Joel White of Mis.s(niri, Calvin II. of Men- don and John A. of Quincy are surviving sons. Fred L. White of Coatshur? is a {rrandson. Calvin married a daughter of John Byler and was a succcs-sful farmer. R. C. White of Camp Point is a son. James M. married Margaret E. Guymon and he lived the life of an active farmer, havinenlanders, George Schnauss, and many others whose names the writer does not now recall. The oldest living resident of the township is Mrs. Heipke Dirks, who was born November 20. 1832, and has lived here about sixty- five vears. The oldest native resident of the township is Mrs. Mary 674 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY M. Plenderson, born August 26, 1841. Mrs. C. M. Gibbs is a close second, having been born March 2, 1842. The writer closes this brief sketch of the early history of the town- ship and the families of those who were among its early settlers conscious of the fact that the names of many unknown to the writer have been omitted, and that other interesting facts, unknown or not recalled, which merit a place in even a brief history of the township, will be wanting. There were no early built churches in Honej' Creek Township, but religious services were held at the homes of the early settlers and in the sehoolhouses. Perhaps the first church building in the town- ship was built by the Free-Will Baptist Society. It was a small frame building about one mile northwest of Paloma on the land now owned hy Benton Shupe. Later the society built a church building in Paloma, but the society has had no services for several years and its membership has largely united with the Methodist Episcopal Church Society at Paloma. This church building has been moved and the site is now occupied by the home of Silas Morton. The United Brethren denomination has had two societies in Honey Creek, one at Coatsburg and one in the western part of the township. The latter church society was founded by the Eev. Amos Kigney and the building was named Rigney Chapel in his honor. Services have long since been discontinued here. The Coatsburg society was active from 1879 to 1893. The first church building in Coatsburg was built by the Primitive Baptist Society in 1872. Among those who were identified with this church were John Byler and son Absalom, Cornelius Davis, James M. White, R. C. White, Joseph Pollock, Mrs. Allie Johnson, Mrs. Edna Battorff, William Howell, and Cumberland Samuels. The society has held no regular services for several years. Of the present active churches in the township the oldest is the Methodist Episcopal Church at Paloma. The society was organized in 18.58 when the Rev. Peter Cartwright dedicated the first church building of Paloma. This building had been erected by Elias Frost, an early settler and zealous Methodist, and given to the Methodist Society as a memorial to his deceased daughter, Mary. An earlier organized Jlethodist Society had been formed in 1854 at Richland Schoolhouse in Gilmer Township and a large portion of this society transferred its membership to the Paloma society when it was or- ganized. In 1866 the class at Richland was discontinued and the re- maining members united with Paloma. Among those who were early identified with both these societies were Wallace Gray, Stephen and William Booth, A. J. Lanning (who served for many years as local preacher), Jacob and F. E. Ogle, Jacob Murphy, James and George Davis, Caleb Antrim, and John and Richard JefPry. The Paloma church was originally one of the charges of the old Columbus circuit. Later the circuit was changed to Paloma circuit and in 1910 Paloma hecame a station and supports a pa.stor alone. The present church (^I'lXCV AND ADA.MS (•()|•^•T^ 67.') liuildiiig was built ami di'dicati'd in IIKIO iliiiiiii;: tlu' ; astm-ati' of tlie Hev. A. V. Bal>l)s and dedicated l).v the Rev. W. T. Bwidlcs, present cliaplaiii of the Sdldicrs" and Sailors' Home in (,(ninc-y. The church lias a nienihershii) of ahout 100 active nu'Uihcrs, su|>poi-ts an active Sunday sehool, an Ejiworth lyeafrue, a Woman's Foreijjn Missionary Society, all of which are jiroprcssive in all that pertains to the church's mission. Amonjr the many pa.st()rs of thi- I'aloma church have been: W. .McK. Gooding, H. Ilannold. .J. \V. Simcock, S. (i. Ferree. Sam.son. Sturm. R. Grefrff. A. M. Dandy, J. F. Wohlfarth, (". F. McKawn, A. A. White, J. L. M. Ellis, A. V. jiabbs, Fred Reed, McConnell, K. C. Sanders, and Otis Monson. The first services for the I/Utheraiis in ("oatsburfr were conducted by neifrhboring: pa.stors from Burton, Golden, and Fowler, from 1860 to 1876, when the Rev. H. Decker, of the Iowa Lutheran Synod, became the first regular ]iastor. Dui-in}r his ])astorate in 1878, the present church was built. In 1886 the Rev. Decker's work at Coats- burg terminated and the Rev. Valentiner liecame the pastor. About this time a tower and hell were added to the diurch building. The third pastor of St. Peter's Churcii was Rev. II. Klemm. He took up his work with the church July 30, 1893. It was in the same year the congregation bought a ])arsonage in the north part of Coatsburg, quite a distance from tlie church. Reverend Klenun left the church in 1898, after almost five years of service. Rev. Paul Boer was his successor. While pastor of the church Reverend Boer was nuirried to Hiss ^linnie Simon of Coatsburg, the date of their marriage being December 7, 1898. After two and one-half years of service Reverend Boer received a call to Christ's Lntlieran Church at Xauvoo, Illinois, and resigned his charge at Coatsburg. Rev. Theodore Drexel was the next pastor. He .served a congregation at Kewanee, Illinois, at the .same time, and also preached to a number of Lutherans at York Xeck, near Coat.sbnrg. St. Peter's Church had been organized as a Gei'man-speak- ing congregation, but since younger people were using the English lan- guage more and more it became necessary to teach the children and preach once a month in Engli.sh. Reverend Drexel did much to bring the older people to the Sunday .school and soon the services were entirely in English. In October. Iit04, after four years of labor. Reverend Drexel resigned. Rev. II. Srugies succeeded him May 14, 1905. The congregation now purchased two lots near the church and built a parsonage. It cost about !i<2.r)00 antl was dcilicated October 21, 1906. In the .same .vear a Ladies' Aid of nineteen menibei-s was organized and it has become a great power for good in the congrega- tion. After Reverend Srugies' resigiuifion the congreiration was su))- plied for over a year by Reverend Drexel, Reverend Gcissler, and others until 1908. By order of the president of Warthburg Theologi- cal Seminary the present pastor. Rev. A. IT. Zeilingcr. preached to tlie.se people without a pastor on Easter Day and was called at the close of the service. After finishing the theological course and tak- ing the examination at Duburoud achievements of Illinois Statehood. We find a messenger bringing an unwelcome guest before Illinois. Slavery is his name. He offers her wealth, but she will have it not and the Frontiersman orders him away. He is expelled by the Hordcrnieii and Pioneer Maidens, who return to dance and sing for joy. Amid cheers General LaFayctte enters. With him comes greater prosperity as the Prairies and Flowers bring a song of promise of coal and com, and with this greater cultivation the Indians are again seen, but sadly depart for all time. With the development of the Rivers and Forests, proclaimed in a chorus, great debts were incurred and Repudiation enters to tempt Illinois. She repels him, only to again face an evil in Polygamy, but his arguments avail him nothing, and he is driven away. At this time the powers against ignorance appear in the form of educational institutions, represented in a symbolic dance of the col- leges. The scene then passes through the conflict between the North and the South and after a hymn of praise the disastrous fire of Chicago is personified by a solo dance. Illinois comforts Chicago. There is a lapse of time bringing us to the present day. We see all the Nations pa.ss, and are startled by One in Black, one traitor among them. Belgium is overcome by Tyranny and pleads for help. France, followed by F'ear; England. Scotland. Ireland, Canada, haunted by Hate, now come liefore Illinois and announce that war is declared. 682 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Illinois, though hoping to have peace, sees her greater duty lies in war. She proclaims : "AVe go to war with war; We fight until black Hate, white Fear and blood- red Tyranny are dead ; and holy Love, Justice enskied, sacred Liberty Rule sea and land. ' ' At Quincy The pageant was presented in Quincy at Sportsman Park on the evenings of September 12th and 13th, being the date that the Centen- nial was held in Quincy. Great preparations had been made by the local committee. At the first presentation on Thursday evening him- dreds of people were turned awa.y and on the second evening a larger crowd was present than even on the first. The centennial pageant was given under the auspices of the Quincy Branch, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, It was decided to divide the proceeds between the Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Knights of Columbus and Salvation Army war funds. Certainly in no city in the state was the Centennial pageant pro- duced with more attention to costuming and to detail. The setting was perfect, and the 350 men and women who interpreted the wonderful historical story in pictures, dances and music caught the spirit of the author. An admission fee was charged and the money thus made was used by the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense for their war fund. The receipts were approximately $4,000 and the ex- penses about $2,000, leaving nearly $2,000 as the sum cleared. Of the amount $1,000 was given to the United War Work Fund, November 12, 1918. Outside op Quincy In the county the same characters were used as in Quincy except that the group of French soldiers, etc., were selected from the place where the Pageant was given. The first presentation of the pageant was given at Liberty on Au- gust 9th. An ideal place had been selected in the grove where the picnic was held. No more beautiful or approprite place could have been secured. Many people from Quincy went out to see the fii-st presentation. A crowd estimated at from 1,500 to 2,500 was present. Mendon was the next place where the Masque was given. A Cen- tennial celebration had been held on August 15th and the crowd taxed the capacity of the little park at Mendon. In the evening the pageant was given in Chittenden's pasture. A Quincy paper reported as fol- lows: "It was growing dark and there were still no signs of action QT'IXCV AND ADAMS COrXTY G8:{ behind the leafy eurtaiiis which separateil stage and audience in Mendon, Thmsday evening where the Masque of Illinois was given for the second time in Adams County communities. The inaction ilid not last however for the thousand guests from Mcudon, Quiney and all the surrounding towns impatiently clapped and whistled until the cur- tains were drawn hack, and for the second time the heautiful tableaux, picturesque costumes ami dainty fairies pleased an unusually large audience. It has \wei\ estimated that there were more than 1,000 peo- ple to witness the .Mendon production of the pageant, and from all ap- pearances one would iuuigiiie that there were about 2,000." On August 2f)th, the Pageant was to be given at the \'illage of Pay- son. The day opened beautiful ami the weather was ideal, and the largest crowd was in attendance that had been for many years. It had been arranged to present the pageant in the school grounds. The location was ideal. The new school building recently erected by Ilcnry M. Seymour greatly added to the attraction. In the evening threaten- ing clouds apjieared, but notwithstanding a large crowd had collected and just as the tirst act was started a terrific wind storm swept over the village, followed by a heavy downfall of rain, which rendered it im- passible to present the pageant. On Saturday, August ITtli, a Centennial celebration was held at the Village of Golden and in the evening the pageant was given in their beautiful little park. The day had been threatening, but in the evening the clouds cleared away and a larger crowd was pre.sent at the pageant than during the day. Centennial Celebr.vtion .\t the County Seat In the month of May, 1918, a meeting of the Centennial Committee was held at the home of Judge Montgomery and it was decided to hold the Centennial celebration as nearly as possible to the anniversary of the Lincoln-Douglas Debate which occurred in Quiney on October 13. 18.58. But afterwards on account of the Third Liberty Loan drive being on at that time and also on account of the production in Quiney of the "Masque of Illinois." which it was desired to be held when the nights were warm, it was decided to hold the celebration on Thursday and Friday, being September 12-13. 1918. Hiawatha in Quinct At a later meeting a proposition was made by a Mr. Moore to give the Indian play, "Hiawatha" under the auspices of the Centennial Committee. His proposition was accepted and "Hiawatha" was given at Highland Park for ten days beginning .July 20, 1918. Highland Park was an ideal place for the presentation of this play. Mr. Patter- son, the actor, read the play and the performance was given by forty real Indians upon the .south and west .shores of the little lake in the northwest comer of the park. Not only was the play interesting but 684 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY the Indian Village where the Indians made their liome during their stay in Quincy attracted a great many persons. Military Day At first it was decided to have a three-daj' Centennial celebration, but on account of so many war activities the time was reduced to two days. The first day, Thursday, was to be "Military Day" and the second day, or Friday, was to be "Governor's Day." An effort was made to have some representative in each family identified with the World war to represent that soldier in a parade; also the serv- ices of Sergeant Mathew Weyman were secured as the orator of that day. The Historical Society rented the vacant store at the southeast corner of Sixth and Main streets and had a very interesting collection on exhibit during the celebration. Relatives op World War Soldiers Most notable of all the features of the big military parade which officially opened the two days' Centennial celebration in Quincy, Thursdaj', was the marching division of the mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters and near relatives of the boys of Adams County who were serving their country in the great war. This division was composed of several hundred marchers led by Mrs. P. T. Hill, mother of Brigadier General Henry Hill, who led a division of Quincy men in France. Each individual in this division carried a badge with a bine star and an American flag. Old and young, children and gi-andparents, aged mothers, and crippled fathers swinging along on crutches, made up the patriotic unit. Some marched with faltering step and many moth- ers held their place in line by strength of will, but all "carried on" — carried on proudly and with a spiritual exaltation that proclaimed their hearts were in cantonments and on battlefields. Patriotic Demonstration Chief Marshal Claire Irwin led the parade, which formed in front of the armory at 1:30 o'clock and began marching a half hour later. He was accompanied by his aides ; a police platoon, as a guard of hon- or followed. Next came the Illinois State Band playing martial airs. Miss Violet Schwab carrying the musicians' union service flag, with its many stars, was next and preceded the two companies of Illi- nois Reserve Militia. Then came the khaki uniformed Illinois "rook- ies," Quincy unit, composed of young women bearing rifles proudly as any soldier. The Payson band followed, playing a lively march- ing tune, and the Salvation Army war drive was represented by a large float on an auto wagon with Salvation Army lassies accom- panying it. Cheers greeted a division of veterans from the Soldiers' Home who QT'IXCV AND ADAMS CorXTV 685 marched slowly, l)ut not less proudly, than they did on their way to a grreat war in "61. The veterans were old and many walked with canes, while sonic used crutches. Pkk*;iiix(j's Ukaities a F'katire Pershingf's Henuties, the noted I'ittsfield women's drum corps with only one num in the unit— the director, H. II. Brunswick — swept alon^ with a rat-a-tat-tat aiul a ruffle of twenty-seven drums in unison, that set the feet of jjreat crowds of spectators to dancing'. Tlie jrirls were in khaki and puttees and each carried a red drum that under the skillful touch became a tunesome martial instrument. Next came the representatives of the families of Adams County who had dear ones in the national service. They came along the crowded street four ahrea.st and the long line of marchers extended from one end of Washington Park to the other side. Proudly con- scious of the nolile sacrifice each one had made in giving son, father or brother to their country, these marchers carried on with heads erect and hearts thrilled with patriotism. Many of them came long distances, from the outer borders of Adams Count.v, to show their pride in the absent soldiers or sailors. Man.v had gone to the armory early in the day and secured their badges and a flag contril)uted by the Kespohl-Mohrenstecher Com- pany. Sergeant Weyman's Eloquent War Speech The route of the parade was from the armory north to Maine, around Wa.shington Sfjuare and east on Hampshire to Eighth Street, and thence west on Maine to the band stand in the square, where the Illinois State Band entertained an audience that filled the park for half an hour before Sergt. Matthew Weyman, a Canadian veteran of the battles of France and Flanders, began his speech. The soldier limping from three wounds that alone keeps him from the firing line was introduced by Judge McCarl. In his introduc- tion. Judge McCarl proclaimed this Thursday as the greatest day in the history of Quinc.v, because thousands of Quincy men were reg- istering and "giving" deeds to their propert.v and. if need be, their lives for democracy. Sergeant Weyman held his crowd for two hours. Hundreds of persons crowded around the band stand and were so thrilled with the fire and eloquence of this inspired speaker that they never real- ized that the.v were tired until the talk ended. It was a speech of information, of patriotism and inspiration. Now with humor he beguiled the vast crowd to laughter, and soon he drew tears with his true narrative of the pathos of the trenches and devasted towns of France. It is not fulsome compliment but only well merited prai.se, to say that few Iietter war speeches have every held the un- divided interest of a Quincy audience. 686 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY The Historical Display Hundreds of visitors after the speech ended, went to the fine dis- play of Adams County historical relics, in the old Halbach-Schroeder store, and spent an hour among the heirlooms of pioneer days. Miss Julia Sibley, chairman in charge of this exhibit, and her assistants, extended to all ^ests the courtesy and interest that they would give in welcoming a visitor to their own homes. There are many pioneer relies and valued heirlooms in the collection that invite inspection. One of the interesting features of the exhibit is a collection of eighty-eight books by present or former residents of the city, which have been loaned bj' the public library. There also is a collection of songs by Quincy composers including William Spencer Johnson, C. A. Pifer, Miss Lorene Highfield, Mae Treseher Brady, Sallie White Adams, Katherine Linehan, Imogene Giles and many others and a poster by Neysa McMein, the artist from Quincy, now in France. The committee of women in charge woi-e interesting historical costumes. "Open house" to the general public was kept at the His- torical Building, the old Governor Wood mansion at 425 S. Twelfth Street, on the Centennial days, Thursday and Friday. Everyone M-as invited to visit the building at that time, and members espe- cially' were urged to bring their friends. Mrs. E. J. Parker, chairman of the house and grounds committee, Mrs. Timothy Castle and others, make up a committee that was at the building to show visitors through during the two days. Governors' Day On the second day of Quincy 's great celebration called "Gov- ernors' Day'' it was intended to have the govei'uor and all ex-gover- nors, the mayor of the city, all city officials and all ex-city officials, the present and all ex-members of the Board of Supervisors. Ex-Gov- ernor Deneen was the only one of the state functionaries who could accept. It was also arranged to have the bonds of the City of Quincy, the last of which had been paid off on July 1, 1918, burned on this occasion; as Quincy had been in debt for over half a century and the extinguishment of her debt was an occasion of great rejoicing. A stupendous parade was held at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, headed by the police of the city and followed by the fire department and civil- ians. After the parade, an address was given by ex-Mayor Judge John F. Garner, which was followed by the burning of the bonds by the mayor of the city, after which ex-Governor Deneen deliv- ered a very interesting address on Illinois. No more fitting nor dig- nified celebration could be had than was given on this occasion. The exercises were held in the band stand in the public park. Within 200 feet of the statue of ex-Governor Wood was Daniel Wood, the son, a guest of honor on the platform. He was the first white child born in the City of Quincy. Within 100 feet of where ex-Governor QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 687 Dcneen stood and delivered his most interesting address, was tlie houlder marking the place wlieie the historical debate between Lin- iiiln and Donghts took place. The day was fine and ex-Governor Deneen was at his best. For more than an hour the larfre audience in Washington Park listened to the speaker with dose attention, as he gave them the vast fund of information tliat makes Illinois a great and prosperous state. Judge Garner in his addrc.ss gave a history of ex-Governor Carlin and ex-iJovernor .lohn WdihI, both from Adams rountx'. and also a detailed history of the indebtedness of the City of (^uincy, of which the last bonds had been burned by the mayor. Approj^riate celebrations of the Centennial were held in the Ifigh, Ward and jjarocliial schools, throughout tiie eit.v, at which many of the attorneys and prominent men of the city made addresses to the pupils. Arrangements have been made to mark with bronze tablets the location of the first courthouse in the City of Quincy, also of the second courthouse of Adams County and to locate with some suitable marker the place where was located the log caliin of John Wntid, the first hoii.se built in Quiney. And thus ended the Centennial celelu'ation in the City of l^uimy. The Quiney Herald, in an editorial on December 3d, speaks very ap- propriately of the Centennial as follows: "The year has been an in- spiring one for citizens of Illinois. With songs, addresses, historical writings, and pageants, the glorious history of the state lias been mag- nificently presented to all people who live within the borders of the gi'eat commonwealth. In another and more heroic manner, how- ever, have the traditions of Illinois been preserved. The ])ages of Illinois history written during the la.st year are among the most glorious of her entire story. She has been giving the best that she had. the fine.st of her splendid manhood and the most abundant of her possesions that the things which made her great might never perish from the earth. W'hile the historv, as we learned it during the year, reminded us of the glorious past of the state, the stor.v that came from France gave us the more thrilling, in that the best tradi- tions of the manhood of Illinois were being exemjilified in the world's fiercest struggle. "The greatest of earthly heritages today is to be an American. We of Illinois place only next to that the proud distinction of being lllinoisans." DeDIC.XTIO.V UK THE GOLD St.VR FL.\G Before an audience composed of the members of the Adams County Board of Sujtervisors. officers and citizens gathered in the main corridor of the courthouse at 1.40 o'clock on the afternoon of December 3, 1918, the county gold sfar flag, was dedicated with a 688 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY teu-minute speech by John "Wall, the like of which has seldom or ever been equaled in this city. It was a touching scene. It was thrilling, yet withal, a sad cere- mony that was held there. For it was in honor of the Adams County [lead — in honor of tlie heroes who fell that democracy might rise to new heights — that the supervisors gathered, with other officials, to dedicate the golden stars in the county's service flag. CHAPTER XXI 1 1 ADAMS COUNTY WOKLD WAK I'EliSU.WEL Those Who Gave Tmkih Lives — IIdw the Men Were Raised and DisTRiBiTED — Many Joined Old Guard Units — History of the Draft Boards — Recruiting Offices Kept Busy — Names Not All Comi'Letkd — Quincy Men Indicted by Exemption Board — How Most of the Men Were Distributed — SoiiE Quincy Men Who Volunteered — Roster op National Guardsmen Who Left Quincy — Some County Men Who Enlisted in the Army — Naval Volunteers Going from Quincy— Latest Figures on the County's Contribution op Men. In November, 1918, as the result of the faithful and continuous efforts of hundreds of men and women in Adams County, the Quincy Whicr published the most complete lists then obtainable of Adams County men who volunteered; Illinois National Guardsmen who left Quincy to enter the United States military service; men inducted into the military service by the Quincy Exemption Board ; Company F; ilachine Gun Company; men who entered the Naval service (re- serves and enlistments) ; army recruits, headquarters company, etc. The total number thus recorded was 2,:'j')0 : to this was added an esti- mate of 300, covering recruits of whom no record was held in Quincy. So that Adams County's brave little army numbered at least 2,859. Those Who Gave Their Lives City op Quincy Killed in Action — General Henry R. Hill, Infantry, October 16, 1918. Lieutenant Joseph Emery, Jr., Infantiy, July 18, 1918. Fred W. Scbulte, V. S. Marines, between June 2nd and 10th. 1918. Willis Charles Ilardyman, lost on U. S. Collier, Cyclops, sunk by submarine, date unknown. Roy Kruenrer. Infantry, first week in October, 1918. William Clem Siepker, U. S. Marines, October 9. 191S. James Vincent, Infantry, October 14, 1918. Einil Hoencr. Infantry. October 14, 1918. Walter Iloltmann, Infantry. October 12. 1918. Died from Wounds Received in Action — Lieutenant Henry Arends. Infantry, Octol)cr 24, 1918. Vol. l-tates there can he nothinfr l)Ut words of praise. Now the letters are eoming: in from everywhere telling of the soon expected homecoming, a very few have heen given their discharge and have returned from eaniji luit the liig homecoming is yet an event of the near future. The war was first brought in its strongest asi)ect to Quincyans when Camp Parker was established here in the spring of 1917 and the hundreds of soldiers from Quincy and other i-ities in Illinois campctl there until Sei)tenil)er 14, and with the leaving of tlie naval reserves early in April, 1917. The naval reserves slept in the Arnior,v for a few nights in order to be read.v for their call and when the order to active service came the.v marched through the (Quincy business district and to the Burlington station wlure they entrained for the East. Most of the boys of the naval reserves are stationed on the U. S. S. Kansas, but man.v of them have lieen distributeii ai'ound through the navy. Many Joined Old Gitard Units (^aught by the military spii-it many (Quincy and county boys joined the forces at Camp Parker and Company F, the JIachine Gun Compan,v and Hcad<|uarters Company of the old Fifth Regiment were exceedingly popular in the city. The sendotf given these boys when they left in September for Camp Logan, Houston, Texas, will never be forgotten. In Texas reorganization took place and most of the Quincy boys in the Macliine Gun Company were |)laccd in Comiiany A of the One Hundred and Twenty-Third Machine Gun Battalion and those in Company F were placed in Company B of the same battalion. During the pa.st few da.vs letters telling of their experi- ences in fighting for forty da.vs in the front line trenches have been reaching relatives and friends. Since reaching France many of the boys have been given pro- motion and Captain E. L. Wingerter has been placed in command in another division and Cajitain Kenneth Elmore at the head of Company B. Captain James E. Beatty has l)ecn invalided home and Captain Bennett W. Bartlett is in command nf Company .\. History of the Dkajt Boards In the summer of 1917, after the first registration for the ilraft. the city and county exemption Iwards were organized. Major James E. Adams and Duke Schroer for the city were in charge of the first 692 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY registration and turned over the work to Jackson Pearce and George Gabriel, the first members of the Quincy board. Mr. Pearce and Gabriel resigned January 31, 1918, and Virgil Johnston became chair- man of the board with E. B. Hillman, secretary. Dr. E. B. Mont- gomery was named the medical member of the board when it was or- ganized and holds that office now. The legal advisory board for the city is composed of Judge McCarl, chairman, and has iifty-four members. J. A. Ausmus of Loraine is the chairman of the Adams County Exemption Board and Steve Lawless of Liberty, secretary, with Dr. A. D. Bates of Camp Point, medical member. Mr. Ausmus and Mr. Lawless met in the Hotel Quincy to organize in July, 1917, but found that inasmuch as the board was to be for the county they would have to organize in the county. The two men then drove to north of Locust Street, on Twelfth, and in the car established the board. The membership has never changed. The County Legal Advisory Board has Judge C. E. Epler as chairman and Fred Wolfe, secretary. The Medical Advisory Board for this district included the counties of Adams, Brown, Pike and Hancock. The amount of work that has been done by the two boards is almost beyond comprehension. The clerks of the board have worked day aiid night for many months and have been given a great deal of work being done by the school teachers of the city. The calls on the city and county for men in the selective service have varied in size, some for ten men or less and others reaching more than the 200 mark. Recruiting Offices Kept Busy In the latter part of 1917 the navy and army recruiting offices began to boom and the number of enlistments through these two places was large. This fall the offices were closed as all men needed were to be taken through the selective service. Sergeant Lunsford and Corporal David were in charge of the army reci'uiting office at the time it closed and J. 0. Hudson was recruiting officer for the navy with Frank Boland, assistant. Through another source enlistments poured forth from Quincy. Major James E. Adams was named enlisting officer for the Military Training Camps Association and enlisted between 450 and .500 men, about half of whom were from Quincy. Names Not All Completed The task of obtaining the name of every Quincy soldier and sailor is a very difficult one. In some cases no request for keeping lists of names was made and thus young men went from Quincy of whom no trace was kept. Through the draft boards the names of all selected IjriXCV AM) ADAMS COrXTY 693 service men from (juiiiey who loft lor camps have heeii obtained, as well as the personnel of the naval reserves, Company K and the .Machine Gun Company as they left Qiiincy. The lists of the men who enlisted in the navy from Quincy was obtained from the district recruiting oflfiee in Peoria, but it was not possible to secure a similar list of army enlistments. Through the Army and Xavy Record Com- mittee with Clyde Seai*s. secretary, a record of the men who enlisted in the na\y from the county and those enlisted in the army from both the city and county was obtained insofar as it is complete. Many relatives and friends have sent in the names of boys in the .service to Mr. Sears but there are still a grreat number lacking. In the lists, too. are men who have died since entering service and several names of soldiers and sailors who have been given honorable discharges because of physical disability. Many have been i)romoted since leaving for service Init the luimes are given, as far as possible, just as tliey were at the time of entering the service. Quincy JIek Inducted by Exemption Board The men inducted into army service by the Quincy exemption board numbered ].0;?4 with additional releases being granted to men who enlisted in the navy and other branches making the total num- ber of inductions 1,167. The latter names are listed with the naval volunteers. The following are the names of men inducted by the city draft board for army service : Herman Claus Arp, 1423 Harrison. Walter Aldag. 1129 Jefferson. Paul II. Augustin. ."121 Jefferson. Frank Anerino, 723 State. AVilliain Oarshland .\mcs. 11011/. Broadway. A. Aug. \V. Appcnbrink, 814 Payson. Gustave E. G. Abben.seth, 1110 S. Fourteenth. Louis A. Austin. 403 Vermont. Arthur L. Abbath, 63S Adams. Edward Arnold. 1400 Cherry. Albert William Arp, 1639 Harrison. .-Mbert C. Augustine. 82.") Jackson. Xathan A. Austin, 111') Broadway. Xi<'k .Xiignosf. ^fahsnane, Greece. John V. Austin, .\97 Woodlawn, Moberly, Missouri. Albert W. Achelpohl, 632 Monroe. George J. Augustin. 839 S. Sixth. Carl II. Altgilbcrs, 1030 X. Thirteenth. Walter W. Ackerman, 629 S. Sixteenth. Russell A. .\schenbrcniier. 1122 Spring. Tom Andrianos, Tripolis, Greece. o94 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Oiseella C. Aytson, 113 S. Tenth. Crushon Allen, 1607 N. Sixteenth. Everett Anderson, 72.3 N. Ninth. Robert H. Aring, 836 N. Tenth. Louis P. Abbath, 641 Payson. Henry J. Auffenord, Trowbridge, Illinois. William P. Arp, 1423 Harrison. George C. Abbath, 838 Adams. David Anderson, 911 Chestnut. Arthur Adair, 317 S. Tenth. Charles E. Allen, 2011 Oak. Ubert Allen, Cromwell, Ky. Albert Asehman, 1837 Elm. Herbert C. Abbott, 607 N. Sixth. John Claus Arp, 1423 Harrison. Fred G. Bornman, 927 S. Sixth. Elmer L. Becker, 1017 State. Walter E. Bollan, 2721 Cedar. Benj. F. Berry, 426 S. Ninth. Arlie Burns, 605 S. Sixteenth. Milton H. Brosi, Coatsburg, Illinois. Ralph C. H. Bredenbeok, 500 Van Buren. Chas. H. Bower, 425 N. Sixth. Bernard Boll, 1126 N. Eleventh. Herman F. Becker, 1018 Washington. William Burner, Quiney, Illinois. Rudolph W. Braun, 925 S. Twelfth. Roy L. Busby, 2016 Chestnut. Fred H. Breuer, 1256 Vermont. Alva L. F. Blatter, 1338 N. Ninth. Walter H. Bruenger, 1113 Payson. Oscar J. Buseh, 2427 Cedar. Anthony Badamo, 811 State. Tom Beckman, 217 N. Tenth. Albert Bode, Hannibal, Missouri. Henry W. Bastert, Camp Point, Illinois. Henry J. Bergman, 504 Jackson. Casper L. Blume, 1031 S. Tenth. Albert B. H. Buseh, 922 N. Twelfth. Fred Bolin, 714 Olive. Charlie L. Brown, 419 Vermont. F'rank A. Blaesing, 801 S. Fourteenth. Namann H. Bean, 2324 Lind. John Black, 21] i/^, York. William Brown, 718 Kentucky. Arnold Barnes, 724 Monroe. Albert J. Baumann, 628 Jackson. Louis A. Berblinger, 217 S. Seventh. griXCV AM) ADAMS COUNTY 695 Orien J. Brinkme.vcr, 801 S. Twenty-Second. Ralph M. Brown, Cot. 9, S. and S. Home. Samuel E. liridge, 80.3 S. Eleventh. Walter J. II. Bredenbe.k, 10;{;) Monroe. John B. Brown, 314 S. Fifth. Edward Bentrnp, 812 S. Twelfth. William J. Rauman, Louisiana, .Missouri. Seborn L. Blaekburn, Canton, Misisouri. Edwin Ily. Bosse, 619 S. Thirteenth. R. E. Britt. 43.J X. Tenth. George W. Brown, Sacramento, California. John F. Bosse. 619 S. Thirteenth. Alfred W. Bosse, 619 S. Thirteenth. Henry J. Boll. Jr., 1126 N. Eleventh. George F. Bentrop. 812 S. Twelfth. Sam Bradfield, 1201 Ohio, Louisiana, Missouri. E. T. Bates, 520 N. Fifth. Clifford H. Bunch, 828 Spruce. Gerhard E. Baumann, 628 Jackson. Reuben Bass, 122 N. Third. Clyde Ba.s.sett, 827 X. Ninth. Robert Bryson, 708 Jersey. Roy Burks, 608 N. Eleventh. Carlton Bernard. 21.3 ^laple. F. W. Bentley, 1123 N. Sixth. Lawrence Behrensmeyer, 1222 Madison. George F. Blair, Chambersburg, Illinois. Lawrence W. P>astert. John L. Brown, 1422 N. Seventeenth. Frank C. Baum, .^18 Jersey. Charles L. Blaesing. 801 S. Fourteenth. Franklin W. Baker, 1033 Kentucky. Dan Berblinger. 217 S. Seventh. Orover Burns, 60.5 S. Sixteenth. Alfred A. D. Behrensmeyer, 1222 Madison. Elmer IT. Brueng^r, 1113 Payson Avenue. Henry J. Berndanncr, 320 S. Tenth. James E. Baker, 410'/^ Kentucky. Chas. A. Bernard. Rali)li D. Bishop, Eleventh and Broadway. Charles E. Butler, Utica, New York. Carl Bexten, 817 Adams. Benj. F. Baldwin, 1103 Vermont. Harvey H. Behrensmeyer, 103.') S. Twelfth. Fred Bosse, 1434 Jeflferson. Ralph H. Boquet, 1016 Vermont. Samuel Bushman, Canton, Mi.ssouri. Howard C. Boots. 2843 Elm. 696 QUINCY AND ADAilS COUNTY Frank J. Berger, 224 N. Third. Edward William Bishop, 1028 Adams. Edmund E. Burks, 120i/o S. Seventli. Oscar H. Braekenseik, TOQi/o S. Thirteenth. Milton J. Braxmeier, 1409 Broadway. Walter L. Bringaze, 322 S. Eighth. Everett C. Bliveu, 129 Jersey. Willis L. Bolin, 319 Cherry. Frank C. Bunnel, 52414 Hampshire. Jeremiah M. Boulware, Union, Massachusetts. Carl B. Berter, 640 N. Twelfth. Charles M. Becker, 1435 State. Bryson M. Blackburn, 1407 N. Eighth. Elmer F. Bosse, Detroit, Michigan. John H. Bollan, 2317 Lind. Albert H. Brokamp, 531 N. Twelfth. Carl William Brown, 701 S. Fifth. M. Bryson, 525 N. Tenth. John Butler, 831 Lind. William John Bener, 619 Vine. Asa C. Burbidge, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Arthur G. Bowman, Quiney, Illinois. Robert H. Bastert, 537 S. Twelfth. Robert L. Barger, 315 Lind. Albert M. C. Cunningham, Elsberry. Andrew C. Canaday, 702 N. Fourth. Claud V. Curry, 1238 Hamp.shire. Frank Cook, 210 Maple. Alvin A. Crocker, 2307 Elm. John Campbell, 306 Cherry. Lawrence H. Chapman, 2017 Oak. Henry G. Carkhufif, Marshalltown, Iowa. •John Cottrell, 829 N. Ninth. Robert 0. Cook, 522 Maple. Clarence L. Cassidy, 1214 N. Twenty-Fourth. Cruttenden S. Corwin, 308 N. Sixth. Judson E. Cutter, Lincoln, Illinois. Charles H. Carr. Marcus Chapman, 420 Oak. Dennis E. Cronin, 1450 Hampshire Morn R. Clark, 514 N. Tenth. Gerhard N. Carpenter, 2079 Broadway. .Alillard F. Crawford, 623 N. Sixth. Charles N. Coulson, 1205 N. Fifth. Charles Crail, ^Maywood, Missouri. Virgil E. Collins, Baylis, Illinois. DeWayne Carpenter, 730 N. Ninth. Emmett Cooper, Kansas City, Missoui-i. QUINCY A\l) A DA .MS CurxTV 697 Everett E. Chapman, fj^L' Adams. JIarion A. Camphell, 224V:; York. f'liarlie nifford. 222 :\riii(l.'ii Lane. James Carpenter. iWO Kcnfneky. Jo.seph \V. Cral)tie. Hannibal. Missonri. Henry D. Carper. Benj. L. Clow, 2020 Elm. Charles Coy, 725 S. Seventh. Elmer Dale. Hul)ert L. Dempsey. Elmer Dnht. 1117 S. Fifth. Joseph C. Diinker. 1014 X. Twelfth. Frank Warnell, olG'^; \. Tenth. Fred Dale, 302 Hampshire. T'liarles Dailey. Quiney. Illinois. William C. Druffel, If) 12 Spring. Elmer Dale, 302 namp.shire. John J. Dnan. William Doerr, Foot of Vine. Joe Davidson, 729 Kentucky. Edward Dorkenwald. 1224 Park Place. Renj. L. Dunn, 'A') JetTerson. Henry F. Druffel, ir)23 Oak. Henry Dede. 721 S. Twenty-Third. Henry W. Dreasslcr, Jr.. 1004 Payson. Fred H. Danielmeyer, 930 iladison. William Dii-kwish. 1119 Jefferson. Walter E. Dieks, 727 Jefferson. Herbert Dreier, 1724 Spring. Walter DeLonjay, 1633 Spruce. Edward DuValens, R. R. 6, Quiney, Illinois. Henry ponnely, Maine, between Second and Third. Leroy Davis, 315 Riverview Avenue. William P. Davis, Fourth and Riverview. James E. Durst, 2330 Spring. Bernard Donhardt. 1013 Lind. Edmund J. Danner, 719 Payson. Harry G. Duesdicker, 717 Van Buren. Herbert F. Demjisey, St. Louis, iIis.souri. Clarence F. Damhorst, 1402 Oak. Richard E. Dyer, 602 N. Fourth. Frank F. Dingersou, 1117 Washington. All)ert Duesdicker, Camp Point, Illinois. Henry W. Duesdicker, 827 S. Eleventh. Jacob Dodd. 6461.1. Maine. Bert J. Darnell. St. Charles, Mis.souri. Alfred H. Dicks, 700 Jefferson. Lawrence C. Dnker. 1201 X. Fifth. 698 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Leonard Dimker, 1014 X. Twelfth. Francis Dunker, 1014 N. Twelfth. William DeLonjay, 1633 Spruce. Max J. Dickhut, 925yo S. Tenth. Chas. H. Durand, 649ii> Adams. George W. Dicks, 700 Jefferson. George H. Davis, 1016 N. Fourth. Otto C. Duker, 400 S. Eighteenth. Frank J. Dick, 1254 Park Place. Walter H. Doht, 1117 S. Fifth. J. Finleyson DeCleo, 319 Vermont. Robert G. Dienstbier, St. Louis, Missouri. James M. Dale, 302 Hampshire. Fred W. Erlenbusch, Peoria, Illinois. Herbert W. Ehrhardt, 1450 Vermont. Herman J. Eling, 1835 Lind. Theo. F. Ehrhardt, 1450 Vermont. Fred Englehardt, 811 Madison. John M. Engler, R. R. 2, Quincy. Orlan B. Eddins, 438 N. Ninth. Joseph H. Engler, 1826 Cherry. Oscar F. Eggeson, 624 State. Bernard Eberle, 1135 N. Fifth. William C. Eakle, 164 Vermont. Morton C. Bull, 2020 Cherry. John A. Ellis, 2900 Chestnut. Albert C. Ebbers, 627 N. Twelfth. Herbert H. Ebbing, Mount Sterling, Illinois. Fred E. Edwards, 607 Vine. Jos. Eickelsehulte, 1131 N. Twelfth. Lester Elliott, 906 Lind. John D. Eaton, 1220 Jersey. Alois H. Elzi, 1737 Spring. Charles Fichter, 1005 S. Eighth. Albert C. H. Fleer, 606 Jackson. Roscoe L. Ferguson, Lane, Kansas. Louis Francini, Pedona, Italy. Lawrence A. Folz, 305 N. Fourteenth. Cornelius N. Fox, 601 Monroe. Clifton F. French, Quincy, Illinois. Harry Fleer, 822 Washington. William Henry Feld, 326 Ohio. John H. William Fleer, 606 Jackson. Henry Finkenhoefer, 1620 Chestnut. Albert E. Funke, 721 Washington. Frank Fox, 601 Monroe. Benj. B. Frame, Bevier, Missouri. Louis F. Fehlberg, 1036 Adams. QUINT Y AM) ADAMS ((((XTV 699 Gu9 Edward Fold, 326 Ohio. Joseph Funke, 2316 Lind. Benj. II. Fusselman, 2019 Chestnut. Roht. IT. Fortinan, 438 Adams. Rudolph B. Friedhoff, 918 Adams. Albert IT. Frees, 423 X. Twentieth. Barney II. Fleer, 824 Jefferson. Donald J. Foster, 435 N. Seventh. Oliver J. Fiseher, Quiiiey Illinois. Frank A. Fuller, V.W:, X. Sixth. Albert H. Frees, 423 N. Twentieth. Jos. A. Freiburg, 1320 Oak. Lester K. P>etz, Colorado Springs. Emmet H. Finley, 620 Cedar. C.ustav Fehlberg, 1036 Adams. George Fisher, 720 X. Twentieth. Fred Feld, 326 Ohio. John Z. Foontas, Quiney, Illinois. John L. Fulton, Fairfield, Iowa. Clarenee X. Finley, 620 Cedar. Karl W. Fiseher, 923 X. Fifth. Jas. E. Gregory, 1602 Chestnut. Clarence L. Gru.ssemeyer, 1125 S. Twelfth. Ral]))! G. Gardner, 1G67 Hampshire. ( liarles Gauch, Quiney, Illinois. Lawrence Gels, 1011 Elm. Edward Gillie. 712 S. Twelfth. Geo. IT. Giannaris, Kastrion, Tanias, Greece. Ernest G. Garner, 1209 N. Fifth. Jess B. Garoutte, 900 Jersey. Floyd Ginster, Camp Point, Illinois. Herman C. Guesen, 730 X. Fourteenth. Chesleigh E. Gray. 230 Loeust. Edward George, 6291^. ^Vashington. John G. Gels, 1011 Elm. Everett E. Gray, 641 Washington. Arthur L. Gehring, 1108 Vermont. Will Gleason, Baraboo, Wisconsin. William Russell Garver. Joseph (iodereis, Quiney, Illinois. Roy W. Ga.stineau, Knox City, Mis.souri. Roland A. Gootl, La Belle, Misisouri. Wallace Gordon, 1502 Lind. Giles Green. 2012 Vine. Ernest Givens. St. Louis, Missouri. Walter E. Gelling. 524 S. Tenth. Frank E. Garner, 1131 X. Tenth. Frank Geise, 207 Kentucky. 700 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Harry H. Gibbs, 628 Monroe. Ira W. Grashoff, 644J<3 Maine. Harry W. Githens, 1228 Vermont. Henry Garner, 1131 N. Tenth. Joseph H. Garthaus, 917 N. Eleventh. Herbert W. Gehring, 922yo Maine. Edgbert J. Garrison, 821 York. Robert L. Glynn, Hannibal, Missouri. Glenn M. Grubb, 200 Sycamore. Lawrence J. Giesing, 1406 Hampshire. Pearl J. Glasford, 313 Cherry. Henry Gay, 2271 Vine. James G. Galloway, Centerville, Iowa. Alfred J. Goin, 527 Adams. Grandison L. Grieser, 305 S. Sixteenth. Gerhard M. Hummert, 1311 N. Ninth. Henry G. Hancox, Omaha, Nebraska. John H. Heithold, 819 Monroe. "William Hoener, 808 Monroe. Albert Hipkins, 512 Jackson. Edgar H. Hauter, 1206 N. Twelfth. George A. Horbelt, 1834 Lind. Emil G. Huber, 304 Spring. Edward W. Hobert, 1426 State. Prank J. Hendrickson. 221 N. Fifth. Lawrence W. Hummert, 1302 N. Eleventh. Prank J. Hussong, 606 Madison. Barney C. Heim, 1302 N. Ninth. Elmer A. P. Huseman, 522 Ohio. John P. Heitland, 212 Chestnut. Arthur S. Hageman, 531 Jersey. Roy C. Hard, Hannibal, ^Missouri. Ren H. Haines, Canton, Missouri. Prank Hoskin, Pittsfield, R. 4. Prank L. Heinze, 517 N. Fourteenth. Lawrence Hayes, 1616 Cedar. Paul M. Hussey, Faith, South Dakota. Arthur L. Hammer, Quincy, Illinois. Edward R. Howlett, 614 Jersey. Bernard H. Heuer, 602 N. Seventh. AVarren E. Hartzell, 801 Adams. Clarence Hall, Drumright, Oklahoma. jNIartin H. Hodges, 715 Jefferson. Robert D. Hinchman, 219 S. Eleventh. Robert L. Hicks, Payson, Illinois. Chas. P. Hildebrand, 516 Oak. Aug. P. Heuer, 909 Jeffer.son. William C. Heim, 1312 N. Ninth. QUIXCV AMI ADAMS CorXTV 701 Robert F. Hunt, Gl'i S. P^iftecnth. Ktlwaril Holland, 911 Jersey. Harry E. W. Hunter, 704 S. Sixth. Ralph H. Ileriusnieier, 917 Adams. Ben.j. F. Hcaberlin, 435 X. Sixth. Robert F. Ileeklc, 726 X. Twelfth. Arthur H. Ilifrpins, r)20 Van Ruren. Lloyd D. Ilerrick, 2215 Oak. William A. Henderson, Quiney, Illinois. Adolf Ilillebrenner. 916 Pay.son Avenue. Carl Hagreman, 1401 S. Eighth. AValter W. Iloltman, 1105 Adams. Carl R. Heidbrink, 915io Wa.shington. Raymond Hall, Ewing, Missouri. Edward M. Hendrix. 922 N. Second. Walter F. Hoffman, 530 Adams. Harrison Havens, 305 JIaertz Lane. John H. Heine, Ninth and Ohio. George Ililderbrand, 312' o Vermont. Victor W. Herrington, 704 Cedar. Chas. Hastings, Loraine, Illinois. Joseph Iloffmans, 1001 Adams. Emil Fred Halbach, 2201 York. Herbert 0. Heinze, 2064 Vine. Garland J. Henderson, 31 SV-. Hampshire. Fred W. Hempelmann, 526 Monroe. August J. L. Hauter, 704 S. Sixth. Beverly J. Harvey, 938 N. Eleventh. Herbert H. Heidbreder, 804 State. Chas. McK. Holliday, 1116 X. Fifth. Carl H. Iloener, 725 Ohio. George W. Hoffman, 740 S. Thirteenth. Joseph P. Hand, 624 Sycamore. Lawrence A. J. Herring, 1635 Oak. George Heckenkamp, 600 Adams. Claud Herrington, 841 S. Fifth. Arthur C. Heinze, 914 X. Eighth. Carl T. Hutmacher, 909 X. Fifth. Oscar P. Huck, 1401 Maine. Clarence A. W. Hughes, Xinth and Elm. William T. Hughes, Maj'wood, Missouri. Roy E. Huseinan. 646 Payson Avenue. Arthur C. Iluscman, 522 Ohio. Frank E. Haggerty. 316 S. Fourth. Jas. H. Holliday. 1116 X. Fifth. Howard M. Higgins, La Grange, Missouri. L. II. Ileuer, 909 Jefferson. George Iltner, 323 S. Third. i'02 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY William lltuer, N. Thirty-Sixth. Macauley, Irwin, Quincy, Illinois. Harvey N. Jones, Obline, Texas. Gustav A. C. John.son, 931 Jackson. Abner D. Johnson, New Ulm, Minnesota. John G. Jensen, 1304 N. Eleventh. Bernard Jansen, 513 Harrison. Leo H. Jansen, 8OOI/2 Adams. August J. Jansen, 1013 Elm. John F. Jasper, Quincy, Illinois. Chas. C. Jackson, 6I514 Hampshire. Prank L. Jennings, 615 Elm. Homer Jobe, 1091/2 N. Fourth. Chas. Geo. Jenkins, 2852 Elm. Fred F. Johannsmeyer, 1105 N. Twelfth. George E. Johnson, 817 N. Second. Frederick M. Johnson, 2160 Maine. John William Johnson, Akron, Ohio. Walter C. Johnson, 628 S. Sixteenth. Orville Johnston, 3071/2 York. August H. Johnston, Louisville, Kentucky. Herbert L. Kurz, 628 Oak. Oscar F. King, 1118 Spring. Paul T. Kreager, 2519 Cedar. Oscar G. Kosyan, 511 N. Fifteenth. Hugo H. Kern, 932 "Vermont. Roy R. Kinman, 317 Maiden Lane. John J. Kelle, 1121 Chesnut. Carl A. Kollmeyer, Lincoln, Nebraska. ]\rike Kostogiann, Tellia, Greece. Albert F. Kroner, R. R. 6, Quincy. Casper G. B. Kroeger, 1815 Chestnut. William E. King, Keokuk, Iowa. I^dward H. Koenig, 519 Washington. Walter F. Krug, Quincy, Illinois. Leroy G. Kerker, 914 N. Twentieth. Frank F. Kestner, 618 Jackson. Jos. P. Keohane, White Plains, New York. Fred G. Koenig, 519 Washington. Clarence Klemme, 91414 S. Fourteenth. Walter Knuffman, 700i/o Maine. Arthur C. Krug, 1319 Ohio. Harvey Krueger, 1332 S. Sixth. Virgil A. Kurz, 438 N. Ninth. Herbert G. Krietemeyer, 627 N. Sixth. Robert H. Krueger, 522 Van Buren. Bert Kepler, 4O61/2 S. Third. Christel G. Kost. QUIXCY AM) ADAMS COINTY 703 Shelby V. Kemp, 507 N. Sixth. Ward K. Kclley, 1007 Hampshire. Win. t'oiirad Kattelmann, 828 N. Fourteenth. Walter.!. Krufrman. !I2:{ N. Twelfth. John Hy. Kroeger, 1815 Chestnut. FI0S.S K. Kcrwin. St. Joseph, Mis.souri. Alfred II. Kleinme. JtUW, S. Fourteenth. William (". Kloprott, 10:10 State. Jeff Kinney. 101.') X. Tenth. Osear A. Kirtripiit, 53.S X. Fifth. Edward G. Koch, 621 S. Twelfth. William Konis. Detroit. Miehigan. Herbert A. Kaltenba.-h. 14:14 X. Xinth. Osear H. Kathman, 1037 Ohio. John J. Knippel, Quiiiey, Illinois. Alfred K. Kimlin, Xormal, Illinois. Marcellus E. Kendall. i:J29 X. Sixth. Thomas M. Kearney, 1013 Jersey. Roy Henry Krue^'er, 1819 State. Marcie J. Kollmeyer, 910 X. Twelftii. Milton W. Kamphenkel. 810 S. Fifth. Ray E. Lethcho. 1061^ X. Sixth. Frederiek J. Lul)ker, Quiiicy. Illinois. Charles William Lewis. 919 X. Sixth. James M. Lenane, r)35 Vine. John Leventis, Jlendota, Illinois. Aufrust C. Lanpe. Jr.. 90.t Jersey. Henry C. Landwher, 1416 Maine. A. J. Laacke, 318 York. George H. Lumnier, 702 Cedar. Edmund Iramy, 1407 Oak. Arthur Lamy, 1407 Oak. Reath B. Lackey. 506';, S. Eighth. Sung Clang Lee, Seoul, Corea. Arthur H. W. Laaker, 725 S. Fifth. Sidney B. Lyneh, 213i;i N. Eighth. Mathew G. Lavery, Ely, Missouri. Otto C. Lyman, 832 Lind. R. B. Lusk. 7:{0 X. Fourth. Paul J. Lehner, Keokuk. Iowa. Leo Lewis, Escanaba, Mieh. Harry G. Lewis. 919 X. Sixth. Frank B. LeFoe. 9:53 X. Seventli. Edward Logan. John Lotz. 918 S. Tenth. Joseph 1'. Lehnen, 622 S. Sixth. Sylvester A. Leaeh. 740 S. Third. William Edward Layman. Dresden, Ohio. 704 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY William Lahan, 311 N. Fourteenth. Robert E. Luekenbill, 714 S. Fifteenth. Moritz Lamy, Quincy, Illinois. Rayborne P. Lohr, SlSi/o N. Fifth. Walter R. B. Lacke, 313 York. Leslie M. Lycan, Edina, Missouri. Walter F. Landwehr, 914 Jefferson. Harry Little, 5I8I/2 N. Tenth. Bernard F. Lange, 1100 Washington. Frank Lawler, 1103 Chestnut. George H. Laaker, 1026 Madison. Ray B. Lifemann, 621 S. Fourteenth. John Laro, 727 N. Ninth. Elmer H. Lampe, 1108 Washington. Floyd C. Longress, 2228 Lind. Chas. G. Luehrman, 1132 N. Fifth. William P. Laws, 2313 Elm. Albert Lymenstahl, 632 Jeffer.son. Arthur M. Moeeker, 530 York. Harvey A. Miller, 1226 State. Edward Moore, Quincy, Illinois. William R. Middendorf, 1326 Lind. Everett Moore, Kokomo, Indiana. Tom McDonald, 910 N. Tenth. Henry A. Marlow, Chicago, Illinois. Albert Middendorf, 1020 Chestnut. James L. McDonald, 817 S. Sixth. Sidney T. ilalam, Chicago, Illinois. Ralph Mutz, 616 S. Sixth. John H. ileyer, 708i/o Jefferson. Arthur J. Muehlenfeld, 1023 Kentuck}'. John B. Muehlenfeld, 1023 Kentucky. Albert W. Moenning, 1316 Oak. Edward W. Mueller, Quincy, Illinois. Leo Hy. Middendorf, 530 N. Eighteenth. . Ben Muller, 221 S. Fifth. Geo. Leroy Maliair, 4191/2 Hampshire. Harold W. Marshall, 1245 Maine. Roger A. Meyer, 736 S. Twenty-Third. Chas. W. JIarion, Bowling Green, Ohio. Ambrose J. Musholt, 1256 Hampshire. Lawrence F. Mescher, 2959 Lind. William G. Manning, 804 N. Eleventh. Henry R. Middendorf, 1501 Oak. Thoma.s F. McGee, 121 S. Ninth. Ray Mclntire, 810 N. Seventh. Carl W. :\Ienke, 720 S. Seventeenth. William McPike, Centerville, Mississippi. QUINCY AXn ADAMS COUNTY 705 Chas. Monckton, 1635 Spruce. Allen H. Merkel, 1709i/o Broiulway. John T. Montague, 1032> L- Maine. Raymond A. Middendorf. 1501 Oak. Phillipp S. Jlilbert, 615 Monroe. Edward J. Mcierant, 2607 Chestnut. Winifred F. McSpadden, 1703 Oak. Francis IMayfield, 723 N. Third. Herbert H. McKenna, 713 Jersey. Charles A. Moorman, 1527 Locust. Norman McMullcn, Jefferson City, Mis.souri. Joint Moore, 225 ilaiden Lane. Emmett R. Maier, 820 Madison. George J. Murphy, 1415 N. Sixth. William Fred Meyer, 1036 Jefferson. Victor L. Jlorgan, Quincy, Illinois. Charles P. Malley. 1436 N. Fifth. George C. Maas, Quincy, Illinois. Edgar T. Neis, 828 Chestnut. Charles Chester ilartin, 3291/. S. Fourth. Oscar A. Mast. 2056 Vine. Anton II. :Meyer, 633 Ohio. Fred H. Miller, 818 Washington. August II. Merten, 527 IMaiden Lane. Thomas McCollum, 323 S. Third.- Oscar F. Mueller, 624 Elm. Hubert H. Moore, 315 Delaware. Anthony ilusolino, 534J<3 Maine. Walter H. Miller. 319 S. Tenth. Arthur Miller, 818 Washington. Wm. Marsh. 1441 State. Roy Moore, Louisiana, Missouri. John II. ^liller. Eighth and Harrison. Frank II. Mohn, 304 S. Eighth. Geo. Murry, Gladstone, Illinois. Lewis Miles, 2041 Oak. Edward McGinnis, Louisiana, Jlissouri. Jo.seph A. Meyer, 900 Hampshire. Amos Mayfield, Second and Elm. Marvin V. Myers, Aurora, Illinois. Bert Martin, 207 Jersey. Joseph G. Mellert, 1620 Spruce. S. A. Boss Miller, 630^:5 Maine. Robert J. Mathes, 222 S. Sixth. E. R. H. Mathis, 424 X. Ninth. Harry F. Maurath, 327 Hampshire. Robert Monteith, 521 N. Third. Arthur L. McClelland. 425 Spring. Vol I— 15 706 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Elmer Moore, 420 Kentucky. Lawrence Neusurn, 304 N. Eiglith. Eobert G. Nieliaus, 1509 Spruce. James E. Nolan, 642 Kentucky. James Neville, Fayette, Missouri. Robert E. Neal, Porterville, California. Cortz Nixon, 915 Chestnut. Arthur B Niemeyer, 2538 Vermont. John C. Neuman, 719 Jackson. Frank F. Nolkemper, 1137 "Washington. Eeinard G. Niehaus, 1509 Spruce. Robt. W. H. Nesta, 1138 Ohio. Muriel Nedrow, 9321/2 Kentucky. Walter Neal, Porterville, California. Clarence H. J. Nolte, 1025 S. Eighth. Wm. H. Niemeyer, 915 Payson. John R. Nees, 615 Vermont. Henry C. Nebe, 3311/2 Delaware. Adam J. Neuman, 735 S. Twentieth. Preston Newbolt. Herman J. Norris, Washington, Indiana. Harry L. Nelms, Edinsburg, Illinois. John M. Nicoly, 650 Payson. Edgar Otte, 1804 Chestnut. Frank Osborn, 1518 Lind. John J. Oneal, 510 Oak. Anton B. Osterholdt, 1403 Spruce. Frank A. Olps, 1331 N. Tenth. Joseph E. Opel, Quiney, Illinois. Edward R. Osborn, 1518 Lind. Oscar Otte, 1804 Chestnut. Earl J. Otto, 633 Monroe. Ralph B. O'Neal, 121 N. Twelfth. Henrj' Ostermueller, 1310 Oak. Clarence C. Obrock, 1011 Chestnut. Edw. 'Bryant, 203 Vermont. John L. Otten, 116 S. Eleventh. Amos Peterson, 1121 N. Fifth. Benj. P. Puckett, Hunnewell, Missouri. John B. Pierce, 225 S. Sixteenth. Fred Pierson, Baylis, Illinois. Guy Perkins, 924 N. Ninth. Mason Perkins, Quiney, Illinois. Jesse Perkins, 922 Elm. Benj. F. Porter, 214 S. Third. Fred A. Pape. 501 N. Thirteenth. Samuel Pocras, Moberly, Missouri. Onofrio Pennueei, Pescolamazzo, Italy. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 707 Eilward Price, Fowler, Illinois. Charles W. Pier, 904 Chestnut. Louis F. AY. Peiister, Qiiiiicy, Illinois. Julius Plaft'e, 726 S. Fourth! Elmer 6. Pieper, 534 Monroe. riyde Phillips. 714 8. Sixth. Echv. J. Pechermcyer, 517 IMonroe. Willard Pfirman, 710 S. Fourteenth. Earl A. Paradise, Quincy, Illinois. Carl W. Pechermcyer, 517 ^lonroe. Frank Peters, 707 Kentuikj'. Lummie Powell, 1612 X. Third. Harry Perkins, 720 Lind. Roy Parker, Eleventh bet. Spring and Broadway. Roy Parish, 624 Walnut Alley. Harrison Perkins, 824 X. Xinth. John Peters, 707 Kentuekj'. Willis Patrick, 328 ^laple. Tyle Otis Pott, 426 S. Eighteenth. Harold Preece. 224 X. Eighth. Fred W. Peppier. 1617 Spring. Alfred 11. Pellnian, Quincy, Illinois. George Quentemeyer, 924 JefTerson. George Rcddick. 410 Kentucky. Geo. H. Richmiller, 713 Payson. Elmer Rooney, 411 Vine. John II. Rheinheimer. Eighteenth and Chestnut. Elmer Roberts, 2019 Spruce. Lloyd E. Row.sey, Camp Point, Illinois. Chas. E. Roberts, Carlisle, Missouri. Arthur F. Rice. Quincy, Illinois. Rudolph W. Riggs, 2314 :\Iaine. Lorenzo B. Rice, 1110 Cherry. Samuel Robertson, Jr., 2605 Elaine. Harry Reynolds, 2440 Vermont. Clarence D. Rodstrom, Holdrege. Xebra.ska. Vincent C. Reed. 31911, X. Xinth. Edward Roberts, 823 Elm. Frank Rottman, Rirmingham, Alabama. Carl II. Ross, 620 Jeflerson. Thomas J. Roby, Xeoga. Illinois. Fred B. Rupp. 911 Elm. Ben II. Roland. 1420 X. Second. Vance F. Randolph. 833 X. Tenth. Frank H. Rees. 1414 Spring. Ralph Rottman. 2037 Broadway. Albert J. Rupp, 424 X. Twentieth. William Roberts. 117 S. Third. 708 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Arthur A. Bidder, 707 State. John H. Radford, Taylor, Missouri. Frank W. Rottman, 2037 Broadway. Clifford J. Rummenie, St. Louis, Missouri. Geo. A. Reckmeyer, 339 S. Fifth. Henry W. Reuter, 1315 S. Eighth. Harry F. Rottger, 1000 Madison. Tom Ranney, 210yo State. William Reddick, 410 Kentucky. Carl G. Rupp, 502 N. Twelfth. Alexander J. Rosswog, 729 N. Twenty-second. Huger Reuser, 405>^ Hampshire. Edward AY. Riley, 330 Ohio. Jasper W. Reading, Palmyra, Missouri. Otis D. Robinson, Monticello, Missouri. Earl G. Rolls. 908 N. Ninth. Albert Redmond, 620 N. Ninth. Frank S. Rineberg, 2037 Cherry. Joe Roman, 829 Elm. Geo. F. E. Redner, 717 S. Thirteenth. Emmett Rudden, 722 N. Twelfth. Robert C. Reed, 307 S. Eleventh. Earl E. Richardson, 329 Hampshire. Frank G. Stolze, Harvey, Illinois. Aquilla B. Standifird, Porum, Oklahoma. James Sacra, I2214 N. Fifth. Sam Sanders, 133 Jersey. Wm. Spricks, 723 S. Twelfth. Francis C. Shepherd, Sedalia, Missoui-i. George Sullivan, 1034 N. Fourth. John C. Showers, 30614 Hampshire. John "W. Seward, Front and Jackson. Frederick H. Schalk, 726 Jackson. Albert L. Schmitt, 500 Monroe. Harold H. Stollberg, Quiney, Illinois. Elmer J. H. Smith, R. R. 7, Quiney. Edw. T. Schlottman, 326 Chestnut. Edwin H. Schaefer, 729 Monroe. Tom F. Stipe, Third and Fourth on Broadway. Walter C. Stahl, 1028 N. Second. Chas. C. Sprague, Rockport, Illinois. Granville A. Shepherd, Sedalia, Missouri. James S. Stephens, Buffalo, New York. Albert F. Smyth, Washington, D. C. Herbert B. Schmitt, 524 Payson. Walter 0. G. Stormer, 638 S. Sixth. Wm. G. Shoemaker, 412 Spruce. Arthur L. Stalf, Quiney. Illinois. QUINCY AND ADA.MS COCNTY 709 Kdward E. Spilker. William Strathincycr. Harold T. Stone. Chaniberslnir!,', Illinois. Albert Sigel, 2015 Chestnut. Hejij. ir. Storck, 919 Ohio. Clarence H. Stratman. llOQio IIaini>shire. W. H. Sanders, 1403 S. Sixth' James E. W. Shaw, Quiney, Illinois. Raymond G. Schmitt, Quiney, Illinois. John R. Soebbing:, 2028 Broadway. Robert G. Siepker, 330 S. Sixteenth. George L. Schang, Freeburg, Illinois. Walter Siekman, 614 S. Sixteenth. J. B. Shank, Jr., 63711. Spruoe. Roscoe T. Seaton, 1108 Maine. Joseph J. Smith, Soldiers' Home. Carl E. Smith, 219 Maple. Chas. Shoup, Williamstown. ilissouri. Albert P. Saeger, 824 S. Eleventh. Jos. A. Schlottman, Quiney, Illinois. John II. Steinig^veg, 1127 N. Twelfth. Ernest H. Schuerfeld. 919 Jersey. Vester Spencer, 301 Vermont. George J. Sohm, 721 Payson. Albert J. Schuette, 1529 S. Eighth. Walter R. Summers. St. Louis. Missouri. Henry J. Samsen, 719 Van Buren. Grover Stiekney, 612 Vermont. John SchaflTer, 420 Payson. Roy W. Sheridan, 1130 Jefferson. James A. Shaepers, 1700 Oak. Jesse F. Smith. 640 Madison. Roy L. Sitton. 300 N. Twelfth. Wm. C. Schroeder, 715 S. Ninth. "Willis H. Summers, 1812 Hampshire. Frank S. Stewart, Idaho Falls, Idaho. George J. Sohn, 2381/, S. Third. Melville Stratman, 1007 Monroe. Alfred H. Schuette, 838 Adams. Clem Schonhoff. 1530 S. Ninth. Jos. W. Schuette. 1306 Elm. Herman A. Soebbing, 809 Oak. Albert T. Sexauer, 322 S. Tenth. Cha.s. A. Sickmann. 614 S. Fourteenth. Henry II. Schroeder, 605 8. Thirteenth. Roy Slingerland, 522 N. Second. Jos. P. Schlangen. 1429 Broadway. J. Ralph Schmidt, 524 Payson. no QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Gilbert Stormer, 918 Jackson. Perrin K. Sinnock, 1417 N. Third. Wm. M. Smith, 1022 Maine. Theodore Schutte, 1529 S. Eighth. Walter 0. H. Stormer, 824 Adams. Clarence L. Spaid, Niles, Michigan. David I. Shontze, Jr., 1612i/o Broadway. Henry A. Sehnier, 1212 Lind. Ollie Steinkamp, 711 State. Fred W. Storrs, 622 N. Fourth. Robt. A. Steinbrecher, 924 N. Tenth. Prank J. Schwagmeyer, 1022 Payson. Andrew Stume, Mt. Sterling, Illinois. Harry Seelig, 318 N. Fourth. John H. Saeger, 824 S. Eleventh. Arthur H. Sibbing, 1116 N. Tenth. John F. Schell, Kansas City, Missouri. Albert H. Scott, 522 N. Seventh. Charlie Smith, 716 Olive. James Sheehan, Atchison, Kansas. Albert J. Sirunck, 1106 Vine. Clmtcn A. Sliarp, 323 Jersey. Ralph F. Smith, 513 Monroe. Thomas F. Sullivan, 1230 N. Fourth. Romeo Sidener, 221 Sycamore. Robert W. Sledge, Dallas, Texas. Henry A. Schnelle, 220 Ohio. Jesse Stephens, Taylor, Missouri. Elmer E. Bpilker, 701 Jefferson. ■\Vm. Strothmeyer, 10161/, Payson. Wilbert \V. Spilker, 701 Jefferson. John Schmitt, 635 Jackson. W. E. Spcckman, 725 N. Fifth. Ferdinand Steinkamp, R. R. 7, Quincy. Henry J. Sherman, 708 Jefferson. Homer L. G. Spilker, 701 Jefferson. Wm. H. Stenrose, 223 Maple. Chas. Schawader, Bloomington, Illinois. Carl Schaefer, 1236 N. Twelfth. Frank A. Schlangen, 725 N. Seventh. J. W. Sehild, 1005 S. Twelfth. Leo B. Schlangen, 725 N. Seventh. Mathew Strunk, N. Fifth. Robt. K. Stroup, 710 N. Fourth. Harvey Thomas, 1017 Maine. Prank Trimpe, 809 N. Seventeenth. Geo. Trakas, Chicago, Illinois. Junus Thompson, 829 N. Ninth. QUIXCV AM) ADAMS COrXTY 711 Harold B. Thomas. 11(1 '< N. Sixth. Ailliiii- Timpe, 1823 Elm. "Will. A. TiiidtT. T'liioiitnwM, I't'iiiisylvania. \\^iltor E. TdwIcs, Knox City. Missouri. Geo. W. Thoiii|)son, Quinty, Illinois. Geo. F. Tcrford. 826 Oak. Edward Tcnk, 1328 X. Xinth. Henry J. Tcnipe. 437 X. Twelfth. Fred J. Tilk(M-. 804 S. Tliirtecnth. Kaljili II. Thoiiipson, (^uincy, Illinois. Wm. J. Thornhill, 1011 Hjimpshire. Xorlicrt T. Tuslians. 830 Oak. Louis W. Trout, 201 X. Fifth. Alhert Tirape, 1827 Elm. Earl ir. Tcmidoman. 186ii Vermont. William Talliiian. Maywood, Jlissouri. Garland M. Trent. 326'/', Maine. Wm. Tilker, 804 S. Thirteenth. Ben II. Tensing, lo04 Chestnut. Elmer W. Trout, 201 N. Fifth. Georjre Tensing, 1504 Chestnut. Leo J. Tensing. 1504 Chestnut. Eoy Trower, 614 X. Seventh. Joseph A. Teague, Whiteside, Missouri. George W. Thuman, 307 Majde. Lewis C. Tune, Goleonda, Illiuois. Wtn. Tibbies, 905 X. Ninth. Samuel F. Unglesbee, Carpenter Creek, Montana. Robt. G. Utterback, St. Francis, Kansas. Walter E. Vincent, DeSniet, South Dakota. I'eter Voose, 1301 X. Twelfth. Elmer J. Vorndam, Detroit, Michigan. Arthur Vahle. 811 Washington. George T. Van Brunt. 1719 Chestnut. Fred Vondcrllaar, 1128 Vine. Joseph G. Voot.s. 411 Cedar. Oscar A. VandenBoom. 1236 Spring. Virgil VanStecl, 1215 Park Place. I^Iartin R. Vantyl, 125 X'. Eleventh. George IL Vohle. 1012 Monroe. William Vogt, 617 Cedar. Aiihur G. Venghaus. R. 3, Quiney. Harry A. Vansteel, 606 S. Sixth. Wm. Vos.se, 909 X. Twelfth. Jos. H. Venvertloh, 1116 S. Seventh. James A. Vincent. 708 Adams. Ralph VandenBoom. 1236 Spring. Julius F. VandenBoom. 1236 Spring. 712 QUINCY AND AD.OIS COUNTY Fred Yogler, 2271/2 N. Sixth. John W. Vinson, 2019 Spruce. Eobt. J. Venvertloh, 1116 S. Seventh. Samuel F. Westenfeld, 729 S. Seventh. Harvey "Whittaker, 1027 Vermont. Rudolph Wurtz, 925 N. Tenth. Anton H. "Wavering, Jr., 2023 Vine. Carl Winklehake, Quiney, Illinois. Jesse 0. "Welteh, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Elmer C. "Wyekoff, 5291/2 N. Thirteenth. "Walter B. "Westerman, Quiney, Illinois. Herman "Weibring, 15061/. Chestnut. Earl "W. "Warmker, 1600 Spring. Cecil C. "Wakefield, Springfield, Illinois. Edgar A. "Weiss, 1025 State. "Wm. F. "Wilson, Quiney, Illinois. Luke J. Wellman, 2239 Elm. Roy C. "Walton, 314 N. Twelfth. Oscar "Wich, 617 Chestnut. Anton H. "Weaver, 618 Sycamore. Hugh H. "Wilson, 6521/9 Payson. Albert J. Wavering, 2023 Vine. Forest E. "Wiley, 511 York. Earl B. "West, 823 Broadway. TTioda R. "Wallace, Evanston, Illinois. Edgar C. "Wolf, Davenport, Iowa. "Walter Wools, Chebanse, Illinois. John H. Wellman, Quiney, Illinois. John J. Wavering, 1114 Spring. Clarence Wallace, Newport, Connecticut. Edgar Woerman, 708 State. Jos. L. Waldhaus, 805 Ohio. Gerry Wielage, Rock Island, Illinois. Louis E. Wehmeyer, 1225 Kentucky. Frederick D. Wilson, 1621 Ohio. Louis W. Witt, 526 Jefferson. Carl W. J. Witt, 526 Jefferson. Frank Woerman, 727 Jackson. Edgar Westenfeld, 929 S. Twelfth. John Weller, 516 S. Twelfth. Frank Whitaker, 1519 N. Fifteenth. Albert R. Wolf, 307 S. Fourteenth. Frank B. Winking, 1301 N. Tenth. Harry 0. Wheeler, 136 Maine. Louis M. Weddle, 9341/0 Maine. Elmer D. Williams, 10291/; Maine. Frank C. Wuehler, Kinmundy, Illinois. Harry Walford, 418 Maine. QUINCY AND ADAMS COl'NTY 713 Herman E. Warma, St. Louis, Missouri. Elmer J. Williams, 123G Hampshire. Henry Wolfe, 1718 Oak. Harry Woltman, 1512 N. Sixth. George A. Werner, 927 Kentucky. AValter W. Weiss, 809 Ohio. Leon Washington, Mexico, Missouri. Eugene Warren, Kirksville, Missouri. Rm- J. Womelsdorf, 523 .\. Twentieth. Charles H. Wessell, 825 S. Fourteenth. John W. Welsch. 1717' j Broadway. Wm. 0. Wucherpfenning, 313 S. Tenth. Frank B. Wensing, 1723 Oak. Harvey L. Witland, 1002 Washington. Darrell C. White, Ewing. Mis.souri. Julius J. Weiss, 721 S. Fifteenth. Frank J. Waterkottc, 1110 Chestnut. Thomas L. Woerraann, 819 S. Thirteenth. James R. Williams, 1805 Grove. George Yueh. 209 Elm. Paul A. Yager, Center, Missouri. Leslie E. York, 1208 N. Sixth. Edward Young, Wethersmill, Missouri. Chas. Yuchs, 209 Elm. Peter J. Zimmerman, 1401 N. Twelfth. Emmett D. Zoller, 527 N. Eleventh. Albert C. Zengel, 715 Cherry. Edwin L. Zemann, 632 Jersey. Fred Zengel, 1028 Broadway. List of names of men who went into service previous to March 1, 1918, and who were cla.ssified under the old regulations: Robert Arnold, 616 Oak. August G. Appenbrink, 814 Payson. John C. Augustin, 521 Jefferson. Henry J. Broekin, 1604 Lind. Elmer T. Bornman, 927 S. Sixth. McKinley Brown, 410 York. Edwin F. J. Braun, 925 S. Twelfth. August H. Bornman. 927 S. Sixth. Henr>' H. Bocke. 909 X. Eleventh. Lorenzo Bull, 1550 Elaine. James Cummings, 212 f/j N. Fourth. William S. Cox. 602 X. Sixth. Ralph J. Craig, 833 Jackson. Walter H. Danhaus. 1025 Adams. Fred W. F. Fleer. 822 Washington. Benj. J. Fredericks. 714 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Walter J. Felcl, 520yo Jersey. Walter J. Fusenig, 1424 State. Herman F. Fleer, 822 Washington. Elmer H. Guuse, 725 Jefferson. Charles H. Haner, 626 S. Third. Wm. T. Higgins, 408 Oak. John Hudnut, 602 N. Fifth. Edgar P. Heidbreder, 804 State. Herman Hickey, 2231 Vine. Emil W. A. Hoener, 1019 Madison. Stanley G. Hadsell, 1710 Kentuckj-. Roman J. Horbelt, 815 N. Sixteenth. Norvin R. Hnll, 1505 N. Sixth. John H. James. Albert F. Kersey, 904 Lind. Joseph Kroeger, 1907 State. Walter G. Kelker, 1120 N. Eighth. Reuben J. Kansteiner, 1201 N. Twenty-Fourth. Chas. L. Kattleman, 527 Adams. Chester King, 629 Vermont. Lawrence F. Klein, 62514 S. Thirteenth. James M. Lawless, .304 Jersey. Gilbert H. Luckenbill, 714 S. Fifteenth. Lester D. Meyer, 1253 Park Place. John I. McKenna, 400 Cedar. Harry L. Miller, 2219 Vine. Frank H. ilarold, 824 N. Tenth. Evan F. ]\Iorris. 132 N. Twenty-Fourth. Nolan E. McDaniel, 226 N. Tliird. Albert R. Miller, 2219 Vine. Lewis C. Mealy, 218 N. Sixth. Lester J. Nicholson, 1209 N. Tenth. Rudolph J. Neuser, 1630 Chestnut. Harvey E. Osgard, 3381,4 N. Front. Arnold Roberts, 616 Oak. Wm. F. Roehl, 1006 Spring. Pearl S. Raines, 229 S. Seventh. Chas. T. Ryan, 4261/2 N. Eighth. Albert R. Spohrs. Cornelius C. Satori, 6481,4 Ohio. Carl Scheufle, 840 S. Seventh. Frank Schiiltz, 601 N. Fifth. Ralph E. Stegeman, 1114 N. Sixth. Young A. L. Shelton, 1121 N. Fourth. Robert Sanders, 613 Adams. Walter C. StoUberg, 1106 Payson. Joseph H. Strothoif, 828 Broadway. Benjamin F. Smith, 620 N. Fourth. QUIXCY AM) ADAMS COUNTY 715 Shanley F. Vincent, 70S Adams. Paul W. Wcsterman, 417 York. Otto II. Wonnann, 819 S. Seventeenth. Aiijrust Woei-man, 708 State. Victor AVerley, 1247 JIaine. George J. Winter, 170G Chestnut. Fred J. Wellman, 219 State. Dan AVliite, Detroit, Jlichigan. Clarence H. AVliitaker. 8211 ^ state. Lawrence B. Winking, 1228 \. Ninth. Fred Wustrow, 419 Maiden Lane. All)ert J. Webb, 935 Vine. Carl D. Weisenberger, 829 Monroe. August F. Waehter, 816 Jackson. Paul E. Winking, 1301 N. Tenth. Elmer Whitaker, 1419 X. Fifth. Chester A. York, 615 N. Twentieth. How ^lOST OF THE ilEN WeRE DISTRIBUTED To Camp Dodge, Des Moines. Iowa: September 4, 1917, ten; September 21, 1917, 79; October 26, 1917, two; January 30, 1918, one; Februarj' 4, 1918, two; February 5, 1918, four; February 11, 1918. one; February- 18, 1918, two; February 19, 1918, one; Feb- ruary 26, 1918, one;" March 4, 1918, three; March 31, 1918, ten; April 29, 1918, 32. Vancouver Ban-acks, State of Washington : February 19, 1918, six; Feb:-uarA' 26, 1918, four. Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia : February 26, 1918, two ; March 4, 1918, four. Camp McArthur, Waco, Texas: March 11, 1918, one. Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas: :Mareh 29, 1918, one. Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas: April 3, 1918, 96. Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria, Illinois: April 9, 1918, one; June 14, 1918, four. Camp Grant, Roekford. Illinois : April 29, 1918, one ; September 3, 1918, five; September 5, 1918, 66; September 7, 1918; one; Septem- ber 20, 1918, one; September 25, 1918, one. Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri : ^lay 13, 1918, 17 ; May 24, 1918, 23. Camp Gordon, Georgia : ilay 27, 1918, 35. Fort Thomas, Brent, Kentucky: May 30, 1918, 31. Rahc Auto School, Kansas City: June 14, 1918, 11; July 2. 1918, one. Valparaiso (Indiana) Institute: June 15, 1918, three. College Station, Texas: January 20, 1918, one. Swaney Auto School, Kansas City, Mis.souri : June 21. 1918. eight. 716 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Camp Taylor, Kentucky: June 24, 1918, 148; August 1, 1918, seven. Camp Forest, Lytle, Georgia: Julj^ 29, 1918, four. Eight Hundred and Fourt€enth Aero Squadron, Washington, D. C. : August 14, 1918, one. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois: August 14, 1918, two. Lewis Technical Institute, Chicago, Illinois: August 14, 1918, two. Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois: September 1, 1918, one. Loyal Order of Moose, Mooseheart, Illinois: September 10, 1918, one. Student Army Training Camp : September 25, 1918, 49. Some Quincy Men Who Volunteered It is impossible to secure more than a partial list of Quincy men who volunteered for army service during the duration of the war. The Whig has endeavored to secure a list from the recruiting officials at Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis but no records were obtainable at this time. In addition to those enlisted by the regular recruiting offices Major James E. Adams, of this city, also enlisted several hundred Quincy men for military service of which there is no record at the present time, except in Washington. It would mean a big task to pick out the names of the Quincy men from the war department records and in fact the war department has already found it too big a job to undertake and recently wrote Major Adams for a list of Quincy men enlisted through his office, which he was unable to furnish. The following are the names of 185 city men whose names have been listed with the Record Committee which is endeavoring to secure the names of all men in Quincy and Adams County who have been in service and which asks all persons knowing of anyone in service to communicate with the committee : Elias F. C. Abel, 706 Madison. William F. Adolfs, 1305 State. Arthur C. Alexander, 813 N. Sixteenth. William J. Brandon, 2219 Lind. Charles H. Bennett, 325 Maine. Anthony Boeing, 113 Vine. Lieut. C. 0. Beatty, 609 Sycamore. Kenneth B. Bush, 1225 Park Place. Charles A. Baird, 837 N. Eighth. Ralph D. Bishop, 2039 Chestnut. Anthony Bauman, 2305 Broadway. Claude R. Bowen, lOOOi/o N. Twenty-fourth. QUINCY AM) ADAMS COUNTY 717 Walter F. Bishop, 1028 Adams. Louis H. Balzer, 625 N. Fifth. Herbert F. J. Besling, 1001 Oak. James R. Biesecker, Bardolph. Arthur H. Belgar, 1104 Vermont. Henry G. Boedige, 321 S. Fourth. John M. Batchy, 316 S. Twelfth. Samuel L. Beaver, 531 S. Seventh. Ralph C. Bredenbeok, 500 Van Buren. William G. Bauman, 1632 York. Gus A. Bauman, Jr., 1632 York. Russell jr. Buckner, 934 X. Fourth. Benjamin Bryson, 525 N. Tenth. Robert A. Cason, 817 State. Elmer G. W. Gate, 612 Elm. Ed?ar J. Crammer, 2423 Cedar. Adolph T. Curry, 1112 N. Eighth. Eldon F. Clutch, 1829 Broadway. Paul S. Cobbey, Quiney. Henry B. Carter, 1652 York. Elmer B. Carpenter, 416 Kentucky. George Davis, 542 Vine. Harry R. Derby, 1258 Broadway. Corporal IMaurice G. Dickson, 312 State. Warren E. Davis, 2245 Cedar. Steward C. Davis, 2245 Cedar. Henry B. Derhake, 809 N. Sixteenth. Willis E. Dick, 1100 State. John F. Daul, 1004 Hampshire. Herman Doht, 807 JIadison. William C. Eakle, 1640 Vermont. Joseph W. Emer>', Jr., 1677 Maine. George J. Entrup, 1221 Jersey. Chester il. Elick, 1243 Jersey. Ray W. Ellermeier, 2116 State. Joseph M. Forsthove, 724 K. Twentieth. Emerson Fus.selman, 2019 Chestnut. Kenneth W. French, 207 N. Twenty-fifth. Joseph J. Fisher, 1246 Kentucky. Frank H. Fritz, 93214 Maine. Otto W. Freiburg, 524' N. Seventh. Max E. Freiburg, 524 N. Seventh. William II. E. Fleer, 719 S. Twelfth. Oliver W. Fleming. 824 Ohio. Alfred Garrel, 1609 Cherry. Harry Gertenbach. 711 S. Sixteenth. Cylno F. Gantert, 1432 X. Sixth. Simnn M. Glass, 1124 Maine. lis QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Helen M. Greemau, 1100 Paysou Avenue. Harry W. Gaines, 1259V2 Vermont. Thomas D. Hickey, 2231 Vine. Clarence T. Harmon, 211 York. AVilliam Hayner, 422 Payson Avenue. Alfred J. Helfricli, 1863 Kentucky. Andrew J. Helfrich, 525 N. Twentieth. John E. Halligan, 800 N. Twelfth. Esther A. Harrod, 1523 N. Sixth. Joseph A. Hoffman, 1001 Adams. Arthur C. Heinz, 914 N. Eighth. Lloyd Hadsell, 310 Lind. Ciilbert C. Hoener, 1019 Madison. John R. Haerle, 1513 Spring. Edwai'd A. Herrmann, 1606 Payson Avenue. Gilbert W. Harland, 735 S. Thirteenth. Lawrence H. Heuer, 909 Jefferson. Burr P. Irwin, 1800 Grove Avenue. Macaulay Irwin, 300 Maine. Isaac James, 925 N. Sixth. George W. Jennings, 2047 Chestnut. Royal W. Jackson, Lawrence, Kansas. Benjamin Kessell, 520 N. Sixth. Thomas M. Kearney, 1013 Jersey. Herbert L. Kurz, 628 Oak. Frank W. Kurz, 628 Oak. Fred B. Klusmeyer, 319 N. Eleventh. Leonard J. Krueger, 705 Ohio. Thomas B. Knox, 634 N. Eighth. John J. Kroner, 1628 Spruce. Kenneth C. Kemp, 425 N. Sixth. Roy H. L. Keller, 1317 State. Ralph B. Korte, 700 Monroe. August B. Kasparie, 719 Oak. Horace D. Koehler, 635 Spruce. Irwin L. Lummis, 1601 Vermont. Merle F. Lummis, 1601 Vermont. John A. Lymenstull, 632 Jefferson. Milton Luiiker, 1232 N. Sixth. Albert R. Long, 507 N. Seventh. Monte Lane, 314 S. Ninth. Frank A. Llewellyn, 1805 Grove Avenue. George L. Mahair, 4191/2 Hampshire. Charles W. Mathews, 620 York. Neal E. Monroe, 1631 Maine. George J. Moore, 300 S. Tenth. Arthur J. Muehlenfeld, 1023 Kentucky. Edwai'd Moore, 420 Kentucky. QUINCV AM) ADAMS ('(UNTV 719 Charles W. Monckton, 2817 Ilanipshirc. Leo J. Moiu'ktoii, 2817 Ilainpshire. Charles A. :Miller, \Vil!iaii)s|)ort. Iiuliana. Robert iloTitpoiiiery, Jr., Sau Antonio, Texas. Henry R. Jliddendorf, loOl Oak. Lee J. McCabe. .305 Wasliinirton. Richard R. McCarl, 720 X. Twelfth. Everett C. :McMullen, 706 State. Ned MeSherry, 112.3 Jersey. Lee G. Nicholson, 1232 Spruce. Ralph II. Nichols, 628 Jersey. Arthur B. Niemeyer, 2538 Vermont. Alvin J. Niehaus. 1201 w N. Eighth. Donald T. O'Neill. 51o'0ak. Almo E. O'Kell, 915 N. Fifth. Alvin L. O'Neal. 722 N. Ei<:lith. Roy C. C. Phelps, 204 N. Front. Archie L. Rape. 501 N. Thirteenth. Morrison Powell, 913 Jersey. 5Iark Albert Penick. 1461 Maine. Lawrence G. Roehl, 1606 Spring:. :Milton E. Ryniker, 710 S. Thirteenth. John n. Reinheimer, 1824 Lind. Harry Reynolds, 2440 Vermont. James W. Royer, 1802 Broadway. August J. Requet, 1849 Broadway. Clarence M. Ruby, 630 Madison. Carl Anslem Ridder. 2028 Vine. George C. Ringler, 714 S. Fourteenth. Arthur F. Rice, 1110 Cherry. Lyman C. Rooney, 411 Vine. Albert F. Schuette, Newark, New Jersey. AVilliam H. Squier, 413 Vine. Philbert A. Schlueter, 1117 Wa.shington. Julius H. Seidel, 1009 State. Raymond J. Scheufele, 840 S. Seventh. Frederick J. Sclnvab. 1201 \. Fifth. Charles C. Sprague, Rockport. Julius R. Snowhill, New Salem. Illinoi-S. Edgar T. Schaefer. 1121 Ohio. Vane Otto Seals, 211 Chestnut. Einil Schwagmeyer. 1106 Kentucky. Willie IL Simmon, 1103 Jackson. Walter C. Stahl. 1028 N. Second. Arthur L. Stalf, 1013 Chestnut. William II. Sullivan, 1084 N. Fourth. Joseph R. Steinkamp, 1031 Oak. Elmer C. Sehutte, 838 Adams. 720 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Joseph J. Smith, 513 Maiden Lane. Charles C. Smith, 328 S. Third. Arthur A. Stern, 314 Kentucky. Herbert E. Sanders, 613 Adams. Joseph C. Schwartz, 1020 Hampshire. John E. Stegeman, 827 York. James M. Smith, 1136yo Broadway. George C. Schroer, 121 N. Fourth. Paul "W. Tibbets, 2174 Maine. Harold D. Thomas, 119^^ N. Sixth. Paul H. Ullman, 1207 N. Tenth. Virgil V. VanSteel, 1215 Park Place. Arthur Weise, 1404 State, luel "W. Webb, 318 Payson Avenue. Victor D. Winters, 1807 Jersey. Elmer H. Wilson, 1621 Ohio. Enoch W. Wallace, 338 S. Fifth. Roy Clark, Denver, Illinois. Clarence M. Wolfe, 2021 Jefferson. Charles D. Wall, 722 S. Seventh. John G. Wheelock, Quiney. Milton J. Wahl, 331 S. Eighth. Clarence G. Winkler, 314 S. Fifth. Paul G. Weisenhorn, 825 Spring. Harry E. Wisherd, 1724 Oak. Luke J. Wellman, 2239 Elm. Lawrence P. Zimmerman, 909 Adams. Roster op National Guardsmen AVho Left Qxjinct The following are names of Illinois National Guardsmen who left with Company P and the Machine Gun Companj' of the old Fifth Regiment, who left Camp Parker more than a year ago, a few of whom were later discharged : General Officers Gen. Henry R. Hill, brigade commander. Col. Frank S. Wood, regimental commander. Lieut. Col. Charles D. Center. Capt. Marks Alexander, adjutant. Company F Capt. E. L. Wingerter. First Lieutenant Kenneth A. Elmore. Second Lieutenant Arthur F. Shumate. First Sergeant Harry E. Meador. Supply Sergeant Ray B. Sinnock. Mess Sergeant Eldredge Long. QUINX'Y AND ADAMS COINTY SERGEANTS 721 Floyd Goodwin. Elmer E. Fowler. Frank Balzer. Chester K. Heidbroder. Albert J. Stevens. CORPORALS Walter A. Smith. Arthur W. Pfeiffer. Albert 0. Merkel. Brady E. Waters. Donald 6. Best. Napoleon B. Brown. Fred J. Dinkheller. Paul E. Briggs. Elmer R. Caldwell. William E. Short. John W. Adams. Forrest W. Peters. Henry E. Risley. John C. Vincent. COOKS Warren Watters. Harold C. Ewing. MECHANIC Fred L. (Joodwin. BUGLERS Harry M. Salyer. FIEST CLASS PRIVATES John B. Allen. Paul Arrowsmith. Ray Arlington. Carl J. Bierkemeier. Harold T. Baymiller. Edward R. BeU. Gilbert Cooper. Lee E. Donley. John W. Koetters. Charles M. Stewart. Thomas H. Squiers. Joseph W. Watters. Robert G. Nelson. Emery W. Ewing. Virgil 0. Hancock. Glenn Vaughn. RajTnond H. Close. Walter H. Fleer. Earlo P. Maricle. Raymond 0. McKamy. PRIVATES Herbert H. Allen. Lawrence H. Ascheman. Albert J. Armstrong. Guv K. Austin. Clyde Barton. Leon D. Barton. William C. Brust. William Burghardt. 722 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Fred H. Beck. Charles C. Bell. "William J. Bryant. Clarence W. Bybee. Thomas Burns. Leslie G. Cosgrove. Orion P. Cheney. William H. Clickner. Fred W. Cox. Harry E. Canfield. Cecil M. Cunningham. William Chick. William T. Compton. Dane E. Clevenger. Alvin P. Clevenger. Leo De Viney. Eobert E. Eoff. Herman S. Fischer. Allen M. Franklin. Elza E. Fusselman. Melvin N. Gross. HoUis G. Griffith. Owen D. Hull. Elmer R. Hartung. John L. Hellhake. Roy H. Harte. Harry Hayes. Erwin L. Hainline. Grover Hoskin. Vern V. Haynes. Hamilton S. Holdcroft. Ira G. Hewlett. Oscar S. Joseph. James Jay. Edward H. Klocke. Howard W. Kenny. Fred Luke. Elmer E. Leake. Artie V. Leake. Lee H. Little. Thomas Lenane. George R. Lippencott. Clarence E. Henry F. Loenker. Lester 0. Macklin. William P. McMullin. Burnett Maddox. Charles Mitchell. William C. Mackword. Porter Miller. Edwin A. Murchison. Veloris Mayes. Stanley S. Mossberger. Frederick G. Newell. Henry R. Norris. Eugene A. Pike. Alois L. Paul. Ernest W. Phelps. James Phillips. Leslie G. Roush. Frank W. Richardson. Gerald E. Rhodes. Oliver M. Rhodes. Henry J. Shaw. Roy S. Stephen. Henry 0. Schmidt. Martin Stockman. Henry J. Starnes. Jesse Sherrill. Andrew Sherrill. Frank M. Sherrill. Elmer L. Schlipman. Howard E. Thompson. Herman J. Thiele. Clarence E. Tayloi*. James L. Thiele. Joseph R. Vogel, Jr. Edward D. Vertees. Charles Witt. Arlie T. Williams. Carl A. Wilson. Barney M. Warden. Elmer C. Ward. Claude D. Wheatley. Vivian W. Wlieatley. Walmsley. Machine Gun Company James P. Beatty, captain. Joseph A. S. Ehart, first lieutenant. George F. Cunnane, second lieutenant. (^nXCV AM) ADAMS COrNTY 723 Bennett W. Hartlett, second lieutenant. Laurence D. Smith, first scrpeaiit. Carl J. Grimmer, mess sergeant. Jolin II. Pott, Jr., supply sergeant. Arthur A. Reese, stable .sergeant. SERGE-tNTS William IT. TTcnning. Chester I. Wliite. Robert T. Strickland. Otto A. Wurl. Roy H. L. Keller. CORPORALS Edward C. Castle. Hugh F. Dehner. Charles S. Edwards. Samuel E. Israel. Eugene Ralph. Clvde W. Winner. Howard Ogle. Alex Carr. MECH.WICS George H. Ost. COOKS Richard J. Dunham. BUGLER Ernest Nelson. PRIVATES, FIRST CLASS Ralph T. Butcher. Harold W. LefiBngwell. Ilarrv W. Donald L. ilanes. (leorge M. Persons. Phillips. PRIVATES William F. Adolph. Warren E. Baker. Arthur H. Belger. Beverly F. Boling. Harry C. Boyle. Fred ^l. Bray. John R. Carlisle. Edward W. Church. George W. Cook. James W. Theodore P^erdie L. Anthony George W Artliiir K William 1 Gerald I) Robert J. Dorsey. II. Dorsey. Fergu.son. II. Folmer. . Freeniyer. . Oibbs. ' ). Grimes. G rover. Ilartlev. 12i QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY Charles X. Hendricks. Lafayette F. Sapp. Kirby L. Hill. Emmett "W. Snider. Clifford 0. Hope. William C. Stanbridge. Edward M. Howell. Charles E. Stott. William W. Hnmmell. Frederick T. Thompson. Cecil G. Kane. Mitchell J. Von Pressig. William M. Mausperger. Robert L. Vollrath. Arthur R. Marvin. Paul K. Wells. Alvin W. Michel. Roger H. Wells. Charles A. Miller. Ernest J. Wible. Roy W. Pott. Brant L. Williams. Floyd W. Rains. John F. Williams. Waiter E. Randall. Joseph L. Williams. James A. Wilson. Some Col-ntt Mex Who Enlisted Ix The Army The following is a partial list of men from the county who enlisted in the army service. The names are all the men from the county whose names have been recorded by the Record Committee : John I. Anderson, Clayton. Ernst H. Brockmeyer, R. R. No. 5, Quincy. John A. C. Brandes, S. Twenty-fourth Street. Rankin W. Bowles, Camp Point. Edgar C. Brosi. Coatsburg. Sidney Baker. R. R. No. 2, Hull. Ivan Butts, Camp Point. Jesse T. Beer, Camp Point. Clarence D. Bates, Camp Point. Elvin 0. Brown, Siloam. Harry J. Bottorff, Clayton. Greorge T. Carl, Quincy. Erette D. Clevenger, Camp Point. Robert C. Cate, Camp Point. Charles R. Cross, Camp Point. Addie E. Cantrell, Camp Point. Frank L. Cook, Adams. Charles W. Cook, Adams. Russell L. Cook, Adams. Theodore C. Cantrell, Camp Point. Bert Caves, Cla\i:on. Charles C. Campbell, Clayton. James H. Campbell, Clayton. Elmer F. Colwell, Marblehead. Harry E. DeMoss, Camp Point. Floyd 0. DeMoss, Camp Point. Homer R. Dodd, R. R. No. 2, Hull. Milton M. Dean, R. R. No. 1, Adams. (^riXCY AM) ADAMS COUNTY 725 Herbert W. Donley, Camp Point. Vennic Downey, Clayton. Leon G. Easiini, Cla.vton. Chester V. Easum, Clayton. Alvoid Edmonston, Clayton. Luther L. Ferguson. Columhus. Thomas A. Fuller, Loraine. Cecile Gruny, Camp Point. George R. Gray, Coatsburg. Elmer F. Grossman, Paloma. Oliver J. Grossman, Paloma. Charles R. Gooding, Paloma. Eniest D. Getts, Camp Point. Samuel B. Gaines, R. F. D. No. 8, Quincy. George R. Gruny, Camp Point. Fred A. Garrett, Camp Point. Arlo H. Geisel, Camp Point. Arthur H. Heilwagon. Twenty-first and Harrison Streets. Edward W. Howell, Loraine. Thomas A. Hall, Loraine. Harry "W. Heineeke, Camp Point. Fred J. Hufnagel, Camp Point. Joseph B. Jefferson, Clayton. Hugh T. Kireher, R. F. D. No. 2, Quincy. Theodore B. Koetters, Riverside. John H. Kendall, Coatsburg. Dana C. Lambert, Coatsburg. Granville B. Lummis. Loraine. John E. Morton, Paloma. Henry E. Morton, Paloma. Roger A. iliddendorf, 530 N. Eighteenth. Raj-mond E. Morrisson, Loraine. Ralph L. Mixer, Bayliss. John H. Matheny, R. F. D. No. 7, Quincy. William B. Michels, Camp Point. Walter J. C. Mealiif, :\Iendon. Rolla MeGinley, Loraine. Albert A. Ohnemus, R. R. No. 8, Quincy. Maurice P. O'Hare, Adams. Charles A. Odell, Loraine. Silber C. Peacock, Quincy. Ralph E. Potter. Sumner. Cleo V. Potter, Mendon. Richard H. Piatt, R. R. No. 8, Quincy. George A. Proctor, Adams. George D. Richardson, Camp Point. Joseph Reagan, Thirty-Seventh and Broadway. Dennis H. Reapan, Thirty-Seventh and Broadway. 726 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY George W. Reynolds, Camp Point. Leonard J. Rossmiller, Fowler, R. F. D. No. 1. Clifford C. Rosson, Clayton. Joseph E. Renaeker, Camp Point. Edward W. Simon, Coatsburg. George A. Selters, Clayton. Floyd Shriver, Loraine. Wiiliam R. Summers, N. Eighteenth Street, Quincy. William C. Sanders, Quincy. James R. Stevens, Clayton. Samuel R. Stevens, Clayton. Grover P. Stepliens, Clayton. Albert L. Smith, Kellerville. Merle Smith, Clayton. Robert S. Turner, Clayton. Donald A. Thompson, Mendon. Ellis S. Tandy, Adams. Mark H. Tandy, Adams. Anton F. Theilen, Camp Point. Fred Tiekeu, Coatsburg. George C. Tieken, Coatsburg. Ray E. Todd, Bowen. William H. Unglaub, R. F. D. No. 7, Quincy. Ly R. Wilson, Clayton. Earl Wells, Adam. Vertness V. Wood, Bowen. Hurley E. Witt, Loraine. James C. White, Paloma. Edwin F. Weber, R. R. No. 2, Quincy. Raymond H. York, Clayton. Lawrence A. Zieger, Clayton. Naval Volunteers Going from Quincy A complete list of Quincy boys who volunteered in the navy after the outbreak of the war is printed below : George Henry Avery, 1102 Vermont. Verner Kenneth Rice, 701 N. Fifth. Henry Frank Dinkheller, 1825 Cherry. Andrew Jos. Hering, 2234 Vermont. Walter A. Hertzler, 813 Ohio. William Herman Niere, 523 Payson Avenue. Samuel Ruder, 1873 Hampshire. Bernard Jos. Wermeling, 1015 Jackson. Clifford Glea.son, 1609 N. Fifth. Victor Penn Ennis, 617 Locust. Thomas Walter Plumber Sullivan, 103-i N. Fourth. Eddie Jas. Sullivan, 1034 Cherry. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 727 Lawrence J. Mestcr, 839 S. Eightli. Earl Frpdeiiek Ilarilyinau, 624 Spruce. Lewis Kenneth, 1461 A'erinont. Marion William Wilde, 528 S. Seventh. Alfred William Peters, 623 .leflferson. Matthew Joseph lliggrins, 408 Oak. Louis Charles Eberhardt, 1014 Jersey. Walter Georpre Iloener, Qiiincy, Illinois. Harry Coussenmcyer, 112.") S. Twelfth. John Patrick Reagan, R. R. Xo. 1. Russell Bruce Wells. 200 S. Twelfth. James Alexander McKinley Kno.x, R. R. Xo. 7, Hox 75. Raymond Henry Iluber, 304 Spring. Florenz Ernest Frank Kock, 1341 Ohio. Edward Guegel, 838 ilaine. Clarence L. McGowry, 210 Spring. Sylvester P. Keck, 918 Lind. Roy W. Heimbuch, 808 S. Xinth. Russell A. Simon, 822 S. Fifth. Anton C. Hansmanii, 820 Cherrj-. John A. Krull, Wood Hotel. Carlton H. ITenington, 704 Cedar. Frank F. Paddford, 912 Oak. Williaju H. Cranston, 620 Vine. Arzineus H. ]\Iescher, 1859 Lind. John W. Jlyers, Jr., 1001 Jersey. Fred William Haxel, 1124 Hampshire. Harry H. McCubbin, 620 Cedar. Leland M. Downing, 304 S. Third. Edward H. Zehnle. 1107 Lind. Aelred William Balzer, 1512 Vine. George H. Vahle, 811 Washington. Robert C. Miller, 700 S. Sixteenth. Elmer Edward Obcrling, 636 Kentucky. Rome W. Wiskirchen, 818 Jlaine. Othmar C. Klene, 1217 N. Tenth. Charles E. Jones, 114Vo S. Seventh. Jesse E. ]Merick, 1216i£. Vermont. Arthur V. Buxman, 417 Kentucky. Gilbert G. H. Hoener, 1019 Madison. Herbert Frei, 802 X. Eighth. Fred Spohr, 2028 Elm. Alphons C. Stroot, 421 X. Twelfth. Albert F. Muegge, 1004 Monroe. Harvey G. Riggs, Jr., 2314 Maine. George M. Anderson, 2005 Spring. Ralph C. H. Ruff. 1009 :^ronroe. James H. Cohen, 1404 S. Adams. 728 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY William B. Rapp, 207 N. Twenty-Fifth. William J. P. Purely, 336 Maine. Vernon S. Williams, 1138i/o Broadway. Runak C. Miller, 2200 Cedar. Eugene J. Brink, 2315 Elm. William T. Cate, 2204 Chestnut. Fred E. Ericson, 205yo N. Eighth. Guy Loving, C. S. and S. Hospital. Arthur J. Tucker, Quiney, Illinois. Henry H. Goehl, 423 N. Twelfth. Albert H. Krallmann, 1127 Washington. Otis E. Hipkins, 316 Ohio. Willard M. Carson, Quiney, Illinois. John E. Hooker, 900 Hampshire. John A. Keek, 900 Hampshire. John Lolman, 625 Monroe. Bernie Eberhardt, Park Hotel. Albert F. Bastean, 1617 N. Sixth. Herman E. Taylor, 202 S. Twelfth. Archie F. Benner, 712^ Maine. Chester D. Rosson, Quiney, Illinois. Perry A. Reeder, 1873 Hampshire. Rankin W. Bowles, 504 N. Seventh. John L. E. Perry, 2914 Broadway. John Frank Bell, 1422 Lind. Herman A. Wortman, 21191/2 Hampshire. Warren C. Cavins, 402 W. Locust. Joseph N. Cole, Franklin House. John E. Padavie, 619 Broadway. Clarence H. Timme. R. R. No. 2. Fred K. W. Sultman, 917 Monroe. Alfred H. Bornmann, 927 S. Sixth. Earl H. Foster, 612 N. Twentieth. Philbert A. Schlueter, 1117 Wa-shington. Cyril F. Bohne, 1022 N. Eighth. Donald E. McCarl, 729 N. Twelfth. Rowland R. Boswell, 1625 York. Daniel H. Johnston, 1903 Jefferson. William B. Dayton, 2222 Maine. Albert B. Bocke, 909 N. Eleventh. Harvey J. Hild, 711 Van Buren. Karl H. Harmann, 1329 Elm. Robert E. Dick, 635 Broadway. John R. Smith, 424 N. Eighth. Edgar W. Baum, 725 Quiney Street. John J. Frese, Jr., 2006 Chestnut. Edward W. Kelley, 1705 State. John 0. E. Holm, 1029 Jackson. QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY 729 Boyd L. Cole, 1629 N. Fifth. Augnist L. Kroner, 2021 Spriiip. Carl E. Tucker, 816 N. Eighth. Carl J. Meyer, 1323 Payson Avenue. Cyril H. Moller, 1128 Jersey. Edgrar C. Franeis. 309 Fourteenth. Eli P. Averitt. 1236 N. Fourth. Charles J. Hoffmans. 308 Kentucky. Elmer A. Myer.s, 822 Pay.son Avenue. Robert Fielding, 1112 N. Eleventh. Clement C. Spencer, 1637 York. Wallace D. Pope, 4314 Locust. Henry C. Hoffman, 1525 N. Eighth. Donald A. Wheeler, 1103 Maine. Alonzo L. Campbell, 930 State. William H. Anderson, 10291/^ Broadway. John Holmgren, 824 N. Third. Everett R. Shank, 1639 Vermont. Leo L. Kansteiner, 1201 N. Twenty-fourth. George G. Shumard, 313Vo N. Third. Arthur A. Sexauer, 322 S. Tenth. William W. Ka.spervik, 1620 Spruce. Albert J. Stegeman, 638 Oak. Carl W. Xeimeyer, 915 Payson Avenue. Walter B. L. Hagemann, 1107 Ohio. Carl L. Abbott, 1604 Jefferson. Joseph F. Dilks, 424 N. Third. George H. Sehlueter, 931 State. Paul V. McMullen, 706 State. Everett :\IcMullen, 706 State. Herman A. Vahle, 933 Adams. Charles M. Eaton, 202 S. Twenty-fourth. Dane Bibbs, Quincy, Illinois. Carl F. Spettnagel,'l23 S. Sixtli. George L. Sanderson, 1822 Vine. Ralph J. Marsh, 933 Pay.son. Ralph A. Shaberg, 1468 Vermont. Roy A. Garner, 717 Cedar. Lewis W. VanAusdall, 229 N. Eighth. George L. Menn, 521 Washington. Orville F. Campbell. 306 Cherry. ilitchell S. Bernard, 436 N. Fourth. E. L. Wheeler, 627 1/^ ilaine. Fred B. Werneth, 16.'50 Vermont. Albert J. Whitaker, 821 1/2 State. Donald Lape, 1131 N. Ninth. Paul G. Tiebcl. 1016 Hampshire. Edward F. Donahue, Quincy, Illinois. 730 QUINCY AND ADAMS COUNTY John W. Corrott, Quincy, Illinois. John A. Meeum, 2810 Lind. Everett R. Ball, 682 N. Sixth. John C. Chandler, 406 Jersej^ Carl A. Rummenie, 311 S. Eleventh. Lloyd R. Bentley, 112-3 N. Sixth. Carl C. Arp, 11321/2 Madison. William E. Arp, Quincy, Illinois. Harvey Clingingsmith, 1438 Washington. Benjamin H. O'Farrell, 1320 Spring. Wilbert H. Beekman, 528 Jackson. William H. Wensing, 723 Oak. Clarence G. Winkler, 314 S. Fifth. Arnold B. Huber, 304 Spring. Paul E. Weisenburger, 829 Monroe. Joseph K. Best, 1422 Maine. Harry E. Lamb, Star Route. George F. Schevemdrman, 1017i/o Broadway. Roy H. Vahle, 132 Maine. Eugene M. Denny, 613 Monroe. Joseph H. Glahn, 615 N. Fifth. Ollie M. Slee, 417 N. Seventh. Lawrence Meyer, 633 Ohio. La\\Tenee Schmitt, 500 Monroe. Emmett J. Kientzle, 909 Martin. Carl W. Ruff, 1140 Monroe. Harold L. Ward, 2069 Spring. Walter M. Gooch, 2035 Broadway. Paul D. Butler, 1707yo Broadway. Russell Powell, 931 N. Tenth. Oscar W. Dicstelhorst, 1229 Monroe. John H. Pott, Jr., 924 S. Sixth. Albert F. Mensde, 1011 Kentuck;^^ Albert E. Akers, 1037 Broadway. Herbert G. Wilde, 528 S. Seventh. Lewis E. Williams, 507 Madison. Clarence W. Giegerich, 1329 Spring. The following is a partial lis't of county men who enlisted in the navy : William L. Andrew, Loraine. Elmer T. Anderson, Clayton. Henry T. Alford, Clayton. John B. Bedale, Mendon. Joseph H. Bedale, Mendon. William H. Boger, Camp Point. Charles H. Brierton, Clayton. Harold S. Brewster, Clayton. i QUINCY AND ADAMS COCNTV 731 Alvin T. Bates, Camp Point. Warren Clark. I.orainc. James 0. Crank, ileiulon. Harry C. Curry, Clayton. Floyd E. Coleman. Cam]) Point. Sidney Dcterdinp, Camp Point. William J. Fischer, Thirtieth and Locust. Otis I. Gruber. Clayton. Charles R. Geisel, Adams. John D. Griswold, Camp Point. Orin N. ITenninp, Mendoii. R. R. 1. Floyd II. riunsaker, Clayton. George 0. Jones. Ijoraine. James A. MeKinley, R. R. 7. Clyde J. Lee. Loraine. Aldo H. Loos, Mendon. Lake A. Lonp, Loraine. Ogle E. Love, Clayton. Emmet E. Leach, Mendon. Jlelvin T. Meyer, Palonia. R. R. 1. William D. Mitchell, Loraine. Harold N. Myers, Mendon. George IL ilcDowcll, Clayton. Wilbur C. Pearce, Bowen. Martin J. Poling, Camp Point. Summer Pallardy. Clayton. John P. Reagan, Thirty-seventh and Broadway. Robert H. Rowbotham, Mendon. Chester D. Rosson, Clayton. Claud D. Strieklen, Loraine. Glen W. Strieklen, Loraine. Robert H. Stowe. Camp Point. Floyd 0. Seibel, Clayton. Otto R. Smith, Clayton. Walter W. Taylor, Columbus. Henry A. Tilton, Columbus. John 0. Wliite, Paloma. Clyde Wjllard, Bowen. Latest Figures ox County's Coxtkibutio.v of JIex The Whig thus summarizes: Selected Service Men, city 1,04'} Selected Service Men, county 6.')l \aval Reserves 'i6 Company P 14S Machine Gun Company 74 Xavv enlistments, citv 193 732 QUINCY AND ADAJIS COUNTY Navy enlistments, county, recorded^ 46 Army Recruits, city, recorded 185 Army Recruits, county, recorded 108 Headquarters Company 60 Total, recorded 2,559 Recruits of whom no record is held here, esti- mated at 300 Total Adams County and Quincy boys in service 2,859 ' ' An accurate estimate of the number of Quincy and Adams Coun- ty young men," continues the Whig, "who have entered service is not possible. Those who left in the selected service have their names filed with the draft boards and a list of those men from Quincy who left for the navy was given the Whig but no list of army enlistments from the city or county could be obtained which was complete. The figures for the regular army given here were taken from the records of Clyde Shears, secretary of the Army and Navy Record Committee. ' '