1 b 1^ A 1^ Y 
 OF THE 
 
 U N I VERS ITY 
 Of ILLINOIS 
 
 016.973713 
 
 B39g 
 
 cop . 2 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 https://archive.org/details/guidetoarchivesoOObeer 
 
GUIDE TO THE ARCHIVES OF THE 
 GOVERNMENT OF THE 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 By Henry Putney Beers 
 
 The National Archives 
 National Archives and Records Service 
 General Services Administration 
 
 Washington: 1968 
 
NATIONAL ARCHIVES PUBLICATION NO. 68-15 
 
 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. A 68-7603 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 
 
 Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price S3.75 
 
O / 4. <^7 3 7 ! 3 
 
 Cop *^5, -1 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 Students of the Civil War desiring to base their research 
 on official archives have long felt the need for descriptive 
 guides to the extant records of the two contending Govern¬ 
 ments in that war--the United States Government and the 
 Government of the Confederate States of America. 
 
 This volume and the companion Guide to Federal Ar ¬ 
 chives Relating to the Civil War are intended to fill that 
 need. This work is presented by the National Archives in 
 thebelief that it will meet one of the objectives of the national 
 Civil War Centennial Commission stated by its Chairman, 
 Allan Nevins--to ’’promote the publication of books and the 
 collection of sources, which will stand as a permanent me¬ 
 morial of this commemoration. ” 
 
 James B. Rhoads 
 Archivist of the United States 
 
 111 
 

 
 
 
 
 Confeberate States of America, 
 
 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 
 
 ^0 ^ '^icRmon^, 7^ .^^6 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ "r'y-rnmt^ -' <- t -^ir rr i<t 
 
 ■^'</^i'' /^ < /• >~ ^ ^1 I < ■ r 1 ^ ^ I 1 ^ /’ i- e- ^ t €' / f 
 
 ^^l-f I ^ t i'l 
 
 * /r ^./i. 
 
 f e F'/t^C ,/ ^ 't^'^*- X. t t t..-t.-e^^ 
 
 '■fi- f f ^ V. ^^ F^ ^ ^ F i '//'<» ylFi^ f jt^^ 
 
 F ^ 1 
 
 »-y FFtre^ 
 
 FF, FF-'FFl.-,^ 
 
 
 ^“CF F-^ W' V »- <<» Z^^'-'t. t. t-t t>-_/-- --^ f‘^rz^F'-^ 
 
 ■FF~ /•., , 
 
 'F^FFx F-^ * ^Cr fj i^/\_ ^"FF/ ^ 
 
 /- o -/^^»-« —«_✓ ««» ^s=<S^ - 
 
 fF F <■ 
 
 ♦ 
 
 ''^ /''T-T^t,-^-^,.'^ Z^iy\^ FlyXjtyt-yiy^y 
 
 
 
 A message to Secretary of War Seddon from President Davis in which 
 he has copied an important dispatch from General Lee, preliminary to the 
 Battle of Chancellorsville. It has been published in series I, volume XXV, 
 of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies , and it is now 
 in Record Group 109,, War Department Collection of Confederate Records, 
 at the National Archives. 
 
 IV 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This Guide is a companion volume to Guide to Federal Archives Re¬ 
 lating to the Civil War , published by the National Archives in 1962. Its or- 
 ganizationis similar to that of the earlier volume. The general records of the 
 Confederacy are described first; there follow descriptions of the records of 
 the Confederate Congress, Judiciary, and executive branches. Each chap¬ 
 ter begins with a statement of the functions and responsibilities of the branch 
 or executive department concerned. Records of a more general character 
 are then described, followed by records of a more particular description, 
 such as those of component bureaus. These descriptions are followed by 
 bibliographical references, notations of finding aids, documentary publica¬ 
 tions, and other pertinent information. 
 
 The reader will appreciate that many of the Confederate archives have 
 been lost or destroyed. Every effort, however, has been made to present 
 the most complete and comprehensive guide possible. In instances where no 
 records respecting particular Confederate agencies and establishments have 
 been found, those agencies or establishments have nevertheless been listed. 
 Insofar as possible, the Guide describes all the records of the Confederacy 
 in the National Archives, the Library of Congress, and in other custody. 
 Records described under a record group number, such as Record Group 109, 
 are in the National Archives unless stated to be in a Federal Records Center. 
 
 Confederate records maintained in the following repositories have 
 been examined and are described in this volume. These repositories in¬ 
 clude the Alabama Department of Archives and History, the Columbia Uni¬ 
 versity Library, the Confederate Museum, the Duke University Library, the 
 Emory University Library, the Federal Records Center at East Point, Ga., 
 the Georgia Department of Archives and History, the Georgia Historical 
 Society, the Louisiana Adjutant General’s Office, the Louisiana State Mu¬ 
 seum, the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State University, the 
 New-York Historical Society, the New York Public Library, the North Caro¬ 
 lina Department of Archives and History, the South Carolina Archives De¬ 
 partment, the Archives Division of the Texas State Library, the Howard- 
 Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University, the Tulane University Medical 
 School Library, the U. S. District Court at Austin, Tex., the P. K. Yonge 
 Library of the University of Florida, the University of Georgia Library, the 
 Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina Library, 
 the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina, the Texas 
 Archives of the University of Texas Library, the Valentine Museum at Rich¬ 
 mond, the University of Virginia Library, the Virginia Historical Society, 
 the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, and the William and 
 Mary College Library. 
 
 V 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 Information obtained from repository guides and registers, the Na- 
 tional Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections, and from bibliographies re- 
 garding the holdings of other repositories has also been incorporated in this 
 Guide . Addresses of all repositories referred to may be obtained from the 
 following directories: 
 
 American Association for State and Local History, Directory of His- 
 torical Societies and Agencies in the United States and Canada, 
 1965-66 (Nashville, 1965). 
 
 American Association of Museums, Museums Directory of the United 
 States and Canada (Washington, 1965). 
 
 American Library Directory (New York and London, 1967). 
 
 Philip M. Hamer, A Guide to Archives and Manuscripts in the United 
 States (New Haven, 1961). 
 
 Society of American Archivists, Handbook of State and Provincial Ar¬ 
 chivists and Records Administrators, 1966. 
 
 I wish to express appreciation for additional information concerning 
 Confederate archives and the history of Confederate agencies to the follow¬ 
 ing: Frank L. Byrne, Ralph W. Donnelly, H. B. Fant, Louis H. Manarin, 
 Haskell Monroe, Horace Montgomery, Warren F. Spencer, William N. Still, 
 Willard E. Wight, and Bell I. Wiley. 
 
 I am grateful indeed for the editorial assistance of Margaret Beyer 
 Buerschinger without whose dedication and perseverance this work could 
 not have been completed. 
 
 The suggestions of members of the staff of the National Archives have 
 been invaluable. The outstanding typing ability of Rita Goldring Carr was a 
 significant contribution to the publication of this Guide and is especially 
 acknowledged. 
 
 H. P. B. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 I. General Records of the Confederate States Government. 1 
 
 Constitutional Convention. 1 
 
 Documents of States. 4 
 
 Laws and Resolutions of Congress. 5 
 
 Presidential Proclamations. 7 
 
 Electoral Papers. 7 
 
 Indian Treaties. 7 
 
 Great Seal of the Confederacy. 7 
 
 n. Congress. 9 
 
 Provisional Congress. 9 
 
 Congress of 1862-65 . 14 
 
 Joint Committees of Congress. 15 
 
 Senate. 19 
 
 House of Representatives. 23 
 
 Papers of Members of Congress. 33 
 
 m. The Judiciary. 36 
 
 Supreme Court. 36 
 
 District Courts. 36 
 
 Territorial Courts. 58 
 
 Board of Claims Commissioners. 61 
 
 IV. The Presidency. 62 
 
 Papers of Presidential Aides. 69 
 
 Alexander H. Stephens Papers. 69 
 
 V. Department of State. 72 
 
 Departmental Records. 77 
 
 Records of Commissioners and Agents. 86 
 
 VI. Department of the Treasury. 92 
 
 Office of the Secretary of the Treasury. 93 
 
 Office of the Treasurer.100 
 
 Office of the Comptroller.102 
 
 Office of the Register.104 
 
 Office of the First Auditor.108 
 
 Office of the Second Auditor.Ill 
 
 Office of the Third Auditor.113 
 
 Lighthouse Bureau.113 
 
 Produce Loan Office.115 
 
 Office of the Commissioner of Taxes.116 
 
 Treasury Note Bureau.118 
 
 Treasury Agent for the Trans-Mississippi West.120 
 
 vii 
 
Vlll 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Records of Field Offices.121 
 
 VII. War Department.134 
 
 Office of the Secretary of War.136 
 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's Office.140 
 
 Quartermaster General's Office and the Quartermaster 
 
 General's Department.153 
 
 Commissary General's Office and Subsistence 
 
 Department.167 
 
 Surgeon General's Office and the Medical Department .... 170 
 
 Engineer Bureau.204 
 
 Bureau of Indian Affairs.210 
 
 Bureau of Ordnance and Ordnance Department.215 
 
 Army Intelligence Office.233 
 
 Bureau of Exchange.233 
 
 Bureau of Conscription.237 
 
 Niter and Mining Bureau.243 
 
 Bureau of Foreign Supplies.246 
 
 Office of the Commissary General of Prisoners.247 
 
 Headquarters of the Army.259 
 
 Territorial Commands and Armies.259 
 
 Regiments, Battalions, and Companies.301 
 
 State Commands.312 
 
 Commanders, Staff Officers, and Other Personnel 
 
 for Whom Additional Papers Are Available.314 
 
 Vni. Navy Department.337 
 
 Naval Records Collection of the Office of 
 
 Naval Records and Library..339 
 
 Office of the Secretary of the Navy.341 
 
 Office of Orders and Detail.342 
 
 Office of Ordnance and Hydrography.345 
 
 Office of Provisions and Clothing.347 
 
 Office of Medicine and Surgery.348 
 
 Office of Special Service.349 
 
 Engineer-in-Chief.349 
 
 Chief Constructor.350 
 
 Torpedo Bureau.351 
 
 Marine Corps.351 
 
 Naval Squadrons.353 
 
 Naval Batteries. 364 
 
 Naval Procurement in Europe.365 
 
 Confederate States Naval Forces in Europe.366 
 
 Cruisers.367 
 
 Blockade-Runners.372 
 
 Navy Yards and Naval Stations and Works.373 
 
 IX. Post Office Department.388 
 
 Office of the Postmaster General.389 
 
 Appointment Bureau.390 
 
 Contract Bureau.392 
 
 Finance Bureau.394 
 
 Inspection Office.396 
 
 Office of Military Telegraphs..396 
 
CONTENTS ix 
 
 Post Office Department Agent for the 
 
 Trans-Mississippi West.398 
 
 Post Offices.399 
 
 X. Department of Justice.400 
 
 Office of the Attorney General.401 
 
 Patent Office.402 
 
 Bureau of Public Printing ..403 
 
 XI. Records Compiled by the U. S. War Department.404 
 
 Compiled Military Service Records.404 
 
 Other Compiled Records.410 
 
 Appendixes: 
 
 I. War Department Collection of Confederate Records. ... 413 
 II. List of Record Groups Containing Confederate Records. . 422 
 
 Index.427 
 
'Ll 
 
 r 
 
 T 4 . . . . * 1 , .* .fl 93 XXJV faOri > 
 
 Vnt ' Cri-v. wl'^.i^fslcr >o 
 
 soi^ . . 
 so> . 
 m . . 
 
 - • . 4 ♦ 
 
 i»kyii*r^UssD»sp,utia'ierf: ^ r‘>-^ 
 
 'Ourt>7ruSii«^,^ t.' lo UfiaitaS"' ir " ^ 
 
 #th . A __iP*^ H »-% >v . •« . . - - -> -"i/i' . ^1 
 
 ..TjgW .8 ,(1 axii 
 
 V 
 
 Er(fTl>^vfey 'S5Ja»^W‘^ '^ •> ► *! ^ ^ ^ ^bioaaH l>9ijq£cioO> 304 ;. 
 
 finrsrit-; 44a.4iH,ii Afi^iS' •,.»!»», .* ■■ - *. r' *. » fyi-’’ , 
 
 tyxo^aM • .uTIS' 233^2^;.! V2' 
 
 ''"''/ii‘^'■ V rtf'';'4^^ 
 
 'i‘;r vV'^tf^ffr 
 
 _vxif^v N-;..i -' .‘I'Syirfiiii ^ :^;' , - ^-4. 
 
 ■311 
 
 \l " J i .'■»' 
 
 "S i 
 
 
 >^it% 
 
 ,'. r 
 
 ••' J( 
 
 ■i,t >7^-■ 
 
 ■I '-*1 t f\ ■ V ; < 
 
 > .id eh.iifi 
 
 ■-)i, ' .ll;.i li',*..^ii^'ViH »■♦ Vi <?'.<’■?'.'-I *4 ■ »- ... *. i/»; 
 
 /il.|'i. > jBfJ I ■,» .... . . 
 
 ''■' Tv^: 
 
 II 
 
 i>.-j 
 
 r'" 
 
 S4l 
 
 . y 1 '-1^. 
 
 ..VI. 
 
 • . .4 •'• . 
 
 ^ ^ ■ ». •' >'-^i5 ?.'yf • 
 
 >■ • ■ ' • v'f. &,'?^'' 
 
 . ■ ' *. (_ * (■ • :i 3C^ 
 
 N'.'''v>.i. ''*rnC^A,’iriv-!>'^ in r. i^’wj.K#'. .. , v ( . 76^ 
 
 CcftC^fAia: »<,<.. •••v.,i4;-’';;i> 1^ •,;•«• •>.^. • 2t66 
 
 iOi^Ll-lJ» 4 »"ii-lfl . - r ••.■••. 1 .',« ^ • .• ' W’JB 
 
 
 '1 ‘ ', -'*■.■♦;.('' 
 
 
 
 '''f:> '''■- :'••■•' i . .t. , 4 I '.,• .1. << 
 
 Mis,a 'H'srdc^'^ sn'ii-t 
 
 J 
 
 ii- 
 
 t » 
 
 
 ,;i's'. 
 
 4 4' jli » 4. » • 3 ^ 4i‘ 
 
 • • . . ■• I > « . I 3T^ y 
 
 »'v<, ',*J4i»..<- .<!4.i}>,T.r-.nc’crt - , .. *1 *f 
 
 Olfjf'.' <1 (^4 k> iV.y'iUi* ><.t; * » j 
 
 Appoiiiii.* f '..i UH'r».'''^j^ ,*.... 
 
 ^ ^ 4.2 4^ Ifl4. ► 
 
 • s£V^.^^(| ^lIi' i>, .4 t •'• . > 
 
 jct'Ci.i orn<’ic . ... ,. 
 
 Oific*”- >am.t4fv '^ei^?K)r4;:*bi47H * . . 
 
 *,»..■ 
 yi ■..- : ■' 
 
 A 
 
 7- , 
 
 <3I» 
 
 « t 
 
 *' ->«'• 
 
 v^m, . 
 
 . V,i^, * 
 
 V W 
 
 J< ■ 
 
 r llviiffif. 
 
 • « » ♦ 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 31)4 
 
 j 
 
 f4<^S 
 
 ^ • • 
 
 
 >] 
 
 
I. GENERAL RECORDS 
 OF THE 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES GOVERNMENT 
 
 Even had the Government of the Confederate States of America been 
 in a position to protect, evaluate, and organize its own archives at the 
 end of the Civil War there probably would not have survived as intact and 
 complete a collection of the general records of government as exists for 
 the Government of the United States for the war period. Indeed, differing 
 concepts within the Confederacy of the political character of national 
 government, the greater autonomy of State government and a wartime 
 situation all militated against the creation of complete documentation of 
 a general character. Nevertheless, certain records that relate to the 
 activities of the Confederate States Government as a whole constitute its 
 general records. These include the records of the constitutional conven¬ 
 tion, conventions between the States and the Confederate Government, 
 secession and ratification ordinances. Congressional laws and resolutions. 
 Presidential proclamations, and other records as described in detail below. 
 The records of the constitutional convention, the original Provisional and 
 Permanent Constitutions, and the electoral returns were maintained at the 
 time by the Congress. The other general records of the Government were 
 maintained by the Department of State. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 
 
 After the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the 
 United States, South Carolina seceded from the Union on Dec. 20, 1860. 
 
 On the same day her secession convention adopted resolutions inviting 
 other States holding secession conventions to meet in a general convention 
 to form a provisional government for a Southern confederacy. By Jan. 26, 
 1861, five other Southern States--Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, 
 and Louisiana--had seceded from the Union and early in February 37 del¬ 
 egates from these six States assembled in convention at Montgomery, Ala. 
 Additional delegates from these States were later admitted and by Mar. 2 
 six delegates had been admitted from Texas. Thus, before the adoption 
 of the Permanent Constitution there were 50 delegates at the Montgomery 
 convention. 
 
 At its first meeting on Feb. 4 the convention was called to order by 
 William P. Chilton of Alabama; on his motion Robert W. Barnwell of 
 South Carolina became temporary president. Another Alabama member. 
 
 1 
 
2 
 
 GENERAL RECORDS 
 
 John G. Shorter, moved the appointment of Albert R. Lamar of Georgia 
 as temporary secretary. Robert Barnwell Rhett, Sr., delegate from 
 South Carolina, nominated Howell Cobb of Georgia for permanent presi¬ 
 dent, and he was elected by acclamation. 
 
 On Feb. 5 the convention adopted with modifications a resolution of 
 Christopher G. Memminger of South Carolina providing for a Committee 
 of Twelve to draft a constitution for a provisional government. The com¬ 
 mittee was composed of the following members (two delegates from each 
 State): Richard W. Walker and William R. Smith of Alabama; James P. 
 Anderson and James B. Owens of Florida; Alexander H. Stephens and 
 Eugenius A. Nisbet of Georgia; John Perkins, Jr., and Duncan F. Kenner 
 of Louisiana; William S. Barry and Wiley P. Harris of Mississippi; and 
 Christopher G. Memminger and Robert W. Barnwell of South Carolina. 
 
 On Feb. 7 Memminger, committee chairman, reported a draft of a consti¬ 
 tution for a provisional government, and a motion to print it was passed. 
 
 (It was printed also in Journal of the Provisional Congress, p. 25-30.) 
 After debates in secret session on Feb. 8, changes in the wording of the 
 draft were approved, and it was engrossed, read a third time, and adopted 
 unanimously. The parchment copy was signed by the delegates of the 
 several States in the order in which they appear in the preamble, geographi¬ 
 cally from east to west: South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, 
 Mississippi, and Louisiana. On Mar. 2 the Texas delegation signed. An 
 interim government was organized under the Provisional Constitution while 
 Congress drafted a permanent one. 
 
 The Committee on the Permanent Constitution was composed of the 
 following members: Richard W. Walker and William R. Smith of Alabama; 
 Jackson Morton and James B. Owens of Florida; Robert A. Toombs and 
 Thomas R. R. Cobb of Georgia; Alexander De Clouet and Edward Sparrow 
 of Louisiana; Alexander M. Clayton and Wiley P. Harris of Mississippi; 
 and Robert B. Rhett, Sr., and James Chesnut, Jr., of South Carolina. 
 Rhett, chairman of the committee, reported on Feb. 26 a draft of a 
 Constitution (printed in the Journal of the Provisional Congress, p. 851- 
 858). From Feb. 28 until the adoption of the Constitution, the Congress 
 resolved itself at noon each day into a Constitutional Convention to debate 
 and amend the draft. A resolution of Mar. 8 instructed the Committee on 
 the Permanent Constitution to appoint a subcommittee of three to perfect 
 the style and arrangement of the Constitution, have it printed, and report 
 it for revision. On Mar. 9 the report of the subcommittee was ordered 
 spread upon the record, but it has not been found among the extant records 
 and it is not printed in the Journal. Two days later the Permanent Con¬ 
 stitution was engrossed, read a third time, and unanimously adopted. 
 Copies were sent to the States for approval and ratification and the 
 Permanent Constitution was ratified by secession conventions or legisla¬ 
 tures rather than by popular vote. 
 
 C.S. A. Congress, Journal of 
 the Congress of the Confederate 
 States of America, 1861-1865 (S. Doc . 
 
 234, 58 Cong., 2sess., Serials 4610- 
 4616; Washington, 1904-5). Serial 
 4610 (the first of seven volumes) con¬ 
 tains the Journal of the Provisional 
 Congress. E. Merton Coulter, The 
 
 Confederate States of America, 1861- 
 
 1865 (BatonRouge, 1950); Augustus L. 
 Hull, ed., "The Correspondence of 
 Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, 1860- 
 1862," Southern History Association, 
 Publications, 11:147-185, 233-260, 
 312-328 (May, July, Sept. -Nov. 1907); 
 CharlesR. Lee, Jr., TheConfeder- 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 
 
 3 
 
 ate Constitutions (Chapel Hill, 1963); 1938); Wilfred B. Yearns, The 
 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., "ANew Confederate Congress (Athens, Ga., 
 Deal in Constitutions, ” Journal of T960). 
 
 Southern History , 4:449-461 (Nov. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A record of the proceedings of the Provisional 
 Congress relating to the drafting of the constitutions is available in its 
 journals preserved in the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records (see appendix I for an explanation of the classification of those 
 records in chapters). Congress appears to have kept a separate journal 
 of these proceedings, but only parts of it have been found. The proceedings of 
 Feb. 5-8, 1861, thatpertaintothedraftingof the Provisional Constitution and 
 those of Feb. 28-Mar. 7 that pertain to the drafting of the Permanent 
 Constitution are in this record group. A rough journal dated Mar. 1-9, 
 
 1861 (1 in.), may be only part of the original manuscript, for on the sheet 
 for Mar. 1 is the notation ”23d Day Convention.” The complete proceedings 
 are recorded in the journal of the open and secret sessions of the Provi¬ 
 sional Congress, however. This journal contains a draft of the Provisional 
 Constitution as reported by the Committee of Twelve and a record of the 
 actions amending the draft. 
 
 A Congressional resolution of Feb. 28, 1861, provided for keeping a 
 separate journal of the Constitutional Convention that framed the Perma¬ 
 nent Constitution. Accordingly, after the dissolution of the Provisional 
 Congress on Feb. 17, 1862, the Convention proceedings were copied in a 
 bound volume. The smooth ’’Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 
 the Provisional Congress,” Feb. 28-Mar. 11, 1861 (ch. Vn, vol. 23), 
 contains the draft Constitution as reported by the Committee on the Permanent 
 Constitution on Feb. 26 and a record of actions taken to amend it. 
 
 Other records relating to the drafting of the Constitutions are among 
 the Provisional Congress legislative papers described below in the chapter on 
 the Congress. These include the report of the Committee of Twelve, 
 amendments to the report, and a few rough minutes of the Constitutional 
 Convention. 
 
 The proceedings of the Constitutional Convention, Feb. 28-Mar. 11, 
 1861, are in Journal of the Provisional Congress, p. 851-896. The debates 
 were not recorded; motions of Robert B. Rhett for the keeping of steno¬ 
 graphic records were defeated. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -In Apr. 1865 the original Confederate 
 Constitutions, with other records, were abandoned by the Confederates in 
 charge of them as Federal troops approached the railroad depot at 
 Chester, S. C. Felix G. De Fontaine, a local newspaper publisher, rescued 
 some of the records, including the Constitutions, and kept them until he 
 was later forced by debt to offer them for sale. In 1884 he sold the original 
 parchment Provisional Constitution of Feb. 8, 1861, to William W. Corcoran 
 of Washington, D. C., for $800. Corcoran presented it to the Southern 
 Historical Society, founded in 1869 by ex-Confederates to preserve manu¬ 
 scripts relating to the Confederacy. In 1908 the Society, whose headquar¬ 
 ters had been established in Richmond in 1873, transferred the Provisional 
 Constitution and other manuscripts to the Confederate Museum in Richmond. 
 
 In 1883, Mrs. George W. J. De Renne bought the original vellum 
 manuscript of the Permanent Constitution of Mar. 11, 1861, from George T. 
 Hanning, acting for Felix De Fontaine, for $1, 500. It remained in the 
 possession of the De Renne family until 1939 when it was sold to the 
 
4 
 
 GENERAL RECORDS 
 
 University of Georgia Library for $25,000. 
 
 Copies of the Permanent Constitution are in other repositories. In 
 1908 a handwritten draft by Thomas R. R. Cobb, member of the Committee 
 on the Permanent Constitution, was deposited in the University of Georgia 
 Library by one of his descendants. In 1905 the Manuscript Division of the 
 Library of Congress paid $100 for one of the 100 copies ordered printed on 
 Mar. 9,1861, containing longhand corrections; in 1935 it paid $500 for 
 another of the printed copies containing interlinear additions that was once 
 among the papers of Alexander B. Clitherall. 
 
 W. W. Corcoran Papers, 
 Library of Congress; Wymberley J. 
 De Renne, A Short History of the 
 Confederate Constitutions of the 
 Confederate States of America, 
 1861-1899 ( Savannah, 1909); Jeremy 
 F. Gilmer Memorial Volume, Con¬ 
 federate Museum, Richmond, Va., 
 which contains a letter from Mrs. 
 Mary De Renne to Mrs. Jeremy F. 
 Gilmer, Sept. 4,1883; Leonard L. 
 Mackall, ’The Wymberley Jones De 
 Renne Georgia Library, " Georgia 
 Historical Quarterly, 2:73 (June 
 1918). 
 
 Both Constitutions have been 
 published frequently. During the 
 war they were printed in pamphlet 
 form (bibliography in Marjorie L. 
 Crandall, comp., Confederate Im¬ 
 prints; a Check List Based Princi¬ 
 pally on the Collection of the Boston 
 Athenaeum, 1:3-5, 2 vols.; Boston, 
 1955; and Richard B. Harwell, 
 comp., More Confederate Imprints, 
 1:3, 2 vois. ; Richmond, 1957), in 
 the compilation of the laws of the 
 Provisional Congress edited by 
 James M. Matthews, and in the 
 proceedings of the ratifying conven¬ 
 tions of the Southern States. They 
 can be found in the Journal of the 
 Provisional Congress , cited above, 
 and in U.S. War Department, The 
 
 War of the Rebellion; a Compilation 
 
 of the Official Records of the Union 
 and Confederate Armies, ser. 4, 
 vol. 1, p. 92-99, 136-147(130 ’’seri¬ 
 als” comprising 70 vols.; Washington, 
 1880-1901) cited hereinafter as Official 
 Records. .. Armies , and the Per- 
 manent Constitution is in James D. 
 Richardson, ed., A Compilation of 
 the Messages and Papers of the 
 Confederacy, Including the Diplo¬ 
 matic Correspondence, 1861-1865, 
 1:37-54 (2 vols.; Nashville, 1905). 
 
 Both Constitutions are also in 
 Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall 
 of the Confederate Government, 1: 
 640-673 (2 vols.; New York, 1881), and 
 in Alexander H. Stephens, A Consti¬ 
 tutional View of the Late War Be¬ 
 tween the States, 2:714-735 (Philadel- 
 phia, 1868). The Permanent Consti¬ 
 tution appears in parallel columns 
 with the U.S. Constitution in Jabez 
 L. M. Curry, Civil History of the 
 Government of the Confederate 
 S^tates , p. 274-303 (Richmond. 1901), 
 and in Russell H. Quynn, The Con ¬ 
 stitutions of Abraham Lincoln and 
 Jefferson Davis; a Historical and 
 Biographical Study in Contrasts, p. 
 
 242-275 (New York, 1959). Before 
 
 selling the Provisional Constitution, 
 De Fontaine permitted its publication 
 by photolithographic process. 
 
 DOCUMENTS OF STATES 
 
 A resolution of the Provisional Congress dated May 20,1861, provided 
 that the State ordinances ratifying and adopting the Permanent Constitution 
 were to be recorded and filed in the Department of State. The Confederate 
 State Department also became the custodian of the secession ordinances and 
 the conventions between the States and the Confederacy providing for the 
 
LAWS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS 
 
 5 
 
 transfer to the Central Government of military forces and of former U.S. 
 public property. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A file of secession ordinances, conven¬ 
 tions between States and Confederacy, ratifications of the Permanent Con¬ 
 stitution, correspondence, and Presidential proclamations on the admission 
 of States, Jan. 1861-Jan. 1862 (1 1/2 in.) is in the Manuscript Division of 
 the Library of Congress. Arranged alphabetically by State, this file includes 
 Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Caro¬ 
 lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. 
 
 The texts of many of these 
 documents are in the Journal of the 
 Provisional Congress and' in the 
 proceedings of the secession con¬ 
 ventions most of which were pub¬ 
 lished during the war period by the 
 States. Ordinances ratifying the 
 Constitution are in Official Records 
 
 . .. Armies , ser. 4, vol. 1. The 
 proceedings and ordinances are 
 available on microfilm in the Library 
 of Congress; see the section on 
 "Constitutional Records" in U.S. 
 Library of Congress, A Guide to the 
 Microfilrn Collection of Early State 
 Records (Washington, 1950). 
 
 LAWS AND RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS 
 
 Publication of the laws and resolutions adopted by Congress was the 
 responsibility of the Attorney General. Although the Secretary of State 
 had initially been given the duty of preserving the original laws and reso¬ 
 lutions and arranging for their publication in newspapers, an act of May 21, 
 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 149), required the Attorney General to 
 select from the laws and resolutions passed at each session those of a pub¬ 
 lic nature and have them printed in newspapers in the State capitals and 
 Confederate capital. Another act of the same date (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 155), provided for the publication in pamphlet form of 500 copies of 
 the acts of the session then ending, and their distribution to State and Con¬ 
 federate officials, with the remainder retained by the Department of Jus¬ 
 tice. An act of Aug. 5,1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 172), continued the 
 authority of the Attorney General to publish the laws in newspapers, vested 
 the custody of the original laws and resolutions in the Department of Jus¬ 
 tice, and provided for the publication of the session laws by the Superin¬ 
 tendent of Public Printing. The Attorney General continued to arrange for 
 the publication of the laws in newspapers under terms stipulated by Con¬ 
 gress and such publication continued into Apr. 1865. 
 
 Official compilations of most of the laws were published during the 
 war. The acts and resolutions of the four sessions of the Provisional 
 Congress were printed in pamphlet form in 1861 and 1862. An act of Feb. 
 17,1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 277), authorized the publication in one 
 volume of all acts, resolutions, and treaties of the provisional Government 
 that were not secret. James M. Matthews edited a compilation of the statutes. 
 Constitutions, and Indian treaties that was published in Richmond by 
 Richard M. Smith in 1864. 
 
 Matthews also compiled the laws of the four sessions of the First 
 Congress and the first session of the Second Congress from the originals 
 in the custody of the Department of Justice, and they were published in 
 Richmond by Smith in 1862-64. The laws of the First Congress and the 
 Second Congress (first session) printed in pamphlet form were indexed and 
 they were paged continuously so that they could be bound together. 
 
6 
 
 GENERAL RECORDS 
 
 The session laws were published in editions of 3,000 copies and were 
 distributed in accordance with an act of Aug. 5,1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 172). Some 1,100 copies were distributed among Members of Congress, 
 Committees of Congress, officers and employees of Congress, the Presi¬ 
 dent and Vice President, the executive departments, the judiciary, and the 
 Governors of States. Acting on a resolution of the House of Representa¬ 
 tives, the Attorney General distributed copies to members of military 
 courts in 1864. An act of Jan. 16,1865 (Charles W. Ramsdell, ed., Laws 
 and Joint Resolutions of the Last Session of the Confederate Congress 
 
 (November 7,1864-March 18,1865); Together with the Secret Acts of Pre¬ 
 
 vious Congresses, p. 15, Durham, 1941; cited hereinafter as Ramsdell, 
 Laws and Joint Resolutions ), authorized the distribution of the laws to 
 judges and judge advocates of military courts, the commissioners of dis¬ 
 trict courts, and the judges of supreme, superior, and circuit courts of the 
 States. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a file of engrossed bills and resolutions of the Provisional Con¬ 
 gress, Feb. 9,1861-Feb. 17,1862 (6 in.). These are on separate foolscap 
 sheets bearing the dates on which they were read and passed and the signa¬ 
 ture of the Secretary, and they are arranged chronologically. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -The original enrolled acts and resolu¬ 
 tions of Congress, Mar. 16,1861-June 14,1864 (7 vols.), are in the Manu¬ 
 script Division of the Library of Congress. The original enrolled acts and 
 resolutions of the Second Session of the Second Congress, Nov. 7, 1864- 
 Mar. 18,1865, were purchased in 1930 by the library of Duke University 
 after being for many years in private hands. That library also acquired 
 an official register of the acts of the Confederate Congress, Feb. 1861-Mar. 
 1865, containing a chronological record of the titles of acts and the dates of 
 passage and approval. The collection of statutes contains less than half of 
 those adopted by the Second Session of the Second Congress. 
 
 The Confederate Government 
 expired before the statutes enacted 
 by the Second Session of the Second 
 Congress could be published. Using 
 the register of acts in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library as a guide and drawing 
 on the collection of enrolled acts 
 and resolutions in that library, on 
 original bills, resolutions, and 
 amendments in the records of Con¬ 
 gress in the National Archives, on 
 the texts published in the Journal of 
 the Congress of the Confederate 
 
 States of America , on Richmond 
 newspapers, and on other printed 
 and manuscript sources, Charles 
 W. Ramsdell of the University of 
 Texas published the compilation 
 cited above in this section. It con¬ 
 tains 198 enactments of the Second 
 Session of the Second Congress and 
 some earlier secret laws and 
 
 resolutions. 
 
 Public and private laws, bills, 
 resolutions, and amendments were 
 printed in broadside or pamphlet 
 form during the enactment process 
 for the use of Members of Congress 
 and for distribution. Bibliographies 
 of these separately printed acts and 
 resolutions are in Crandall, Confed ¬ 
 erate Imprints , 1:10-43, 47-105; 
 Harwell, More Confederate Imprints, 
 1:3-27; and U.S. Library of Con¬ 
 gress, A Catalog of Books Repre ¬ 
 sented by Library of Congress 
 Printed Cards, 32:86-99 (Ann 
 Arbor, Mich., 1943). See also 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., "The 
 Second Congress of the Confederate 
 States: Enactments at Its Second and 
 Last Session, " American Historical 
 Review, 41:306-317 (Jan. 1936). 
 
GREAT SEAL 
 
 7 
 
 PRESroENTIAL PROCLAMATIONS 
 
 Presidential proclamations were issued to effectuate presidential poli¬ 
 cies or congressional enactments and to announce matters of public interest. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --With the Confederate State Department 
 records in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress are Pres¬ 
 idential proclamations for the period Apr. 17,1861-Mar. 10,1865 (1 in.). 
 Included is a bound volume of fair copies of Presidential proclamations for 
 the period Apr. 12,1861-Jan. 25,1865. 
 
 Presidential proclamations have 
 been published in Richardson, ed., 
 Messages and Papers of the Con ¬ 
 federacy, vol. 1, passim; inU.S. 
 Navy Department, Official Records 
 of the Union and Confederate Navies 
 
 in the War of the Rebellion , ser. 2, 
 vol. 3, p. 96-134 (30 vols. ; Washing¬ 
 ton, 1894-1922) cited hereinafter as 
 Official Records ... Navies ; and in 
 Official Records . . . Armies, ser. 
 
 3 and 4, passim. 
 
 ELECTORAL PAPERS 
 
 In accordance with Article II of the Permanent Constitution, Congress 
 by an act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 122), provided for the 
 appointment of electors for President and Vice President on Nov. 6,1861. 
 The electors then met in their respective States on Dec. 4 to vote. It was 
 also stipulated that the electoral returns were to be sent to the Vice Pres¬ 
 ident of the provisional Government, who was to deliver them on Feb. 18, 
 1862, to the President pro tempore of the Senate. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Returns of electors for President and VicePres- 
 ident, 1861 (1 in.), include proclamations of State Governors certifying the 
 results of the election on Nov. 6 and calling the electors to vote at the 
 State capitals on Dec. 4. Certified lists of the names of the electors show 
 the result of the votes by the State electoral colleges. 
 
 INDIAN TREATIES 
 
 The Confederacy negotiated nine treaties with Indian tribes in the 
 Trans-Mississippi West (see Bureau of Indian Affairs in the chapter on the 
 War Department, below). The original treaties have not been found. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Copies of some of the Indian treaties are in this 
 record group. 
 
 The treaties were published The treaties were reprinted in 
 
 in 1864 in the compilation edited by Official Records . . . Armies , ser. 
 
 James M. Matthews cited above. 4, vol. 1. 
 
 GREAT SEAL OF THE CONFEDERACY 
 
 Although the matter was referred to a committee in Feb. 1861, it was 
 more than 2 years before Congress (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 167) authorized a 
 design for a Great Seal of the Confederate States. The design featured an 
 equestrian portrait of George Washington surrounded by a wreath composed 
 of the principal agricultural products of the Confederacy with the motto 
 "Deo Vindice" (God our Defender). On May 20,1863, Secretary of State 
 Benjamin instructed James M. Mason to arrange for its manufacture in 
 
8 
 
 GENERAL RECORDS 
 
 London and this was duly accomplished. In the summer of 1864 Lt. Robert 
 T. Chapman, C.S.N., safely conveyed the silver seal to Richmond, butthe 
 iron press and other materials shipped from Liverpool were captured. 
 Without the press and mounting, the seal was difficult to use and for this 
 reason the Department of State continued to affix the seal of the provisional 
 Government to commissions of civilian appointees. This seal showed a 
 scroll with the word "Constitution" above and "Liberty" below. 
 
 On the collapse of the Government in Apr. 1865, the Great Seal of the 
 Confederacy was taken from Richmond by a State Department clerk. John 
 T. Pickett later obtained possession of it and gave it to Thomas O. Self¬ 
 ridge in 1872. Years later, in 1912, a group of southerners bought it from 
 Self ridge for $3,000 and presented it to the Confederate Museum in Rich¬ 
 mond. A reproduction of this seal that was received by the War Depart¬ 
 ment in July 1889 is now in the National Archives. The seal of the provi¬ 
 sional Government was dropped in the Savannah River by Secretary of State 
 Benjamin on his flight South in 1865. 
 
 John T. Pickett, Sigillologia ; ton, 1873); Paul P. Walsh, "The 
 Being Some Account of the Great or Seal of the South, " South Atlantic 
 Broad Seal of the Confederate States Quarterly, 38:392-402 (Oct. 1939). 
 of America; a Monograph (Washing- 
 
II. CONGRESS 
 
 The convention of State delegates that assembled in Montgomery, Ala., 
 in Feb. 1861 constituted itself a Provisional Congress. As such it adopted 
 a Permanent Constitution under which an election was held for members of 
 a Senate and a House of Representatives. Some of the records of the Con¬ 
 federate Congress relate only to the Provisional Congress, others relate 
 both to it and the Congress of 1862-65, and others relate only to the Senate 
 or the House of Representatives. The records are described here in those 
 categories, and a separate section is included to show the availability of the 
 papers of the individual Members. 
 
 PROVISIONAL CONGRESS 
 
 The Provisional Constitution vested the legislative power of the pro¬ 
 visional Government in the convention assembled in Montgomery. On Feb. 
 4, 1861, Howell Cobb, as President of Congress, took the oath to support 
 the Constitution and administered the same oath to the Members. Congress 
 then unanimously elected Jefferson Davis President and Alexander H. 
 Stephens Vice President of the Confederacy, and on Feb. 18 the President 
 was inaugurated. Acts were approved 3 days later organizing the Confed¬ 
 erate Government and establishing State, Treasury, War, Navy, Post 
 Office, and Justice Departments. 
 
 The speedy launching of the provisional Government following upon 
 the seizure of forts and arsenals in the South combined with other events to 
 induce other Southern States to join the Confederacy. The successful Con¬ 
 federate attack on Fort Sumter, Apr. 12-13, 1861, was quickly followed by 
 President Lincoln’s call for 75,000 State militiamen. Commissioners went 
 out from Montgomery to negotiate with several of the States; Alexander H. 
 Stephens to Virginia, R. M. T. Hunter to Missouri, and Henry W. Hilliard 
 to Tennessee. President Davis submitted to Congress conventions with 
 those States providing for their alliance with the Confederacy and ratifica¬ 
 tion of the Confederate Constitution. Other States adopted secession ordi¬ 
 nances and elected delegates to the Confederate Congress, and by the end 
 of 1861 the Confederacy reached its full strength. By acts of the Provision¬ 
 al Congress new States were admitted during 1861 as follows; Texas on Mar. 
 2, Virginia on May 6, North Carolina and Tennessee on May 17, Arkansas 
 on May 21, Missouri on Nov. 28, and Kentucky on Dec. 10. In January 
 1862 Granville H. Oury took his seat as delegate from the newly created 
 Territory of Arizona. The total number of men who served in the Provi¬ 
 sional Congress was 117. 
 
 The Provisional Constitution vested in Congress the power to lay and 
 
 9 
 
10 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; to borrow money; to regulate 
 foreign and domestic commerce and the Indian trade; to enact naturaliza¬ 
 tion and bankruptcy laws; to coin money and regulate its value and that of 
 foreign coin and to fix the standard of weights and measures; to punish 
 counterfeiting; to establish post offices and post roads; to adopt copyright 
 and patent laws; to establish inferior judicial tribunals; ’’to define and 
 punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses 
 against the law of nations”; ”to declare war, grant letters of marque and re¬ 
 prisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water”; to raise 
 and maintain an Army and a Navy and make rules for their regulation; to 
 provide for calling forth the militia and for its organization, arming, and 
 discipline; to admit other States; and to make laws necessary to carry out 
 these powers and other powers expressly delegated by the Constitution to 
 the provisional Government. 
 
 On Feb. 5, 1861, Congress adopted rules for the conduct of its busi¬ 
 ness. The vote on questions in the Congress was to be taken by State, each 
 State being allowed one vote. Each day the journal of the preceding day was 
 to be read and corrected. After disposing of unfinished business, the reg¬ 
 ular order of business was to be first, the "call of the States alphabetically, 
 for memorials or any matter, measure, resolution, or proposition”; 
 second, the call of committees for reports, those not otherwise disposed 
 of to be placed on the calendar; and third, the calendar or regular orders 
 of the day. The titles of resolutions or other matters submitted were to be 
 inserted in the journal. Stenographers and newspaper reporters wishingto 
 record the proceedings of Congress were to be admitted by the President. 
 On the motion of a Member, seconded by another Member, to close the 
 doors for secret discussion, the President could close the doors and clear 
 the gallery and floors of all except Members and officers of Congress. 
 
 This rule led to the adoption of a resolution of Feb. 5, 1861, providing for 
 keeping two journals: one for open sessions and one for secret sessions. 
 
 A resolution introduced on the same day authorized the President to appoint 
 two stenographers to record the proceedings and debates in both secret and 
 open sessions, but it was not adopted and the debates were not recorded. 
 
 The Provisional Constitution contained no provision regarding the 
 service of Cabinet members in Congress. Several Congressmen who were 
 appointed to the Cabinet, including Hunter, Memminger, Reagan, and 
 Toombs, continued to serve in Congress. The Permanent Constitution 
 empowered Congress to give the heads of executive departments seats on 
 the floor of either House with the privilege of discussing measures per¬ 
 taining to their departments, but no legislation was passed on the subject. 
 
 A resolution of Feb. 9, 1861, authorized the President of Congress to 
 appoint standing committees, and on Feb. 12 he announced the following 
 standing committees: 
 
 Committee on Accounts; James B. Owens (Fla.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Commercial Affairs; Christopher G. Memminger 
 (S.C.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Engrossment; John G. Shorter (Ala.), chairman. 
 
 Committee To Organize the Executive Departments; Alexander H. 
 Stephens, chairman. 
 
 Committee on Finance; Robert Toombs (Ga.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs; Robert Barnwell Rhett, Sr. (S. C.), 
 chairman. 
 
 Committeeonindian Affairs; Jackson Morton (Fla.), chairman. 
 
PROVISIONAL CONGRESS 
 
 11 
 
 Committee on the Judiciary; Alexander M. Clayton (Miss.), chair¬ 
 man. 
 
 Committee on Military Affairs; Francis S. Bartow (Ga.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Naval Affairs; Charles M. Conrad (La.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Patents; Walker Brooke (Miss.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Postal Affairs; William P. Chilton (Ala.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Printing; Thomas R. R. Cobb (Ga.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Public Lands; Henry Marshall (La.), chairman. 
 
 Committee on Territories; James Chesnut, Jr. (S.C.), chairman. 
 
 On May 8, 1861, the Committee on Claims was appointed with John 
 Gregg (Tex.) as chairman. 
 
 The standing committees inquired into the advisability of proposing legis¬ 
 lation on matters referred to them and submitted bills, resolutions, and 
 reports to Congress. They also considered the qualifications of persons 
 nominated for public office and made recommendations to Congress. A 
 resolution of Feb. 13, 1861 ( Journal, 1:50), instructed the standing commit¬ 
 tees to consider and report on all matters relating to the purposes for which 
 they were appointed. A resolution of Feb. 15, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 92), authorized the standing cornmittees to print matters they wished 
 to lay before Congress, but few committee reports were printed. At first 
 the committees each had five members; this number was increased to six 
 on Mar. 6 for some committees, and on July 23 nine members were author¬ 
 ized for all committees. 
 
 The Provisional Congress formed by resolution other committees for 
 objects not coming within the purview of the standing committees. A Com¬ 
 mittee on Rules, created on Feb. 4, 1861, under the chairmanship of Alex¬ 
 ander H. Stephens, submitted on the next day rules for procedure in Congress 
 ( Journal, 1:17-19). The Committee on Government Buildings, appointed on 
 Feb. 9, 1861, with John G. Shorter (Ala.) as chairman, investigated the 
 availability of office space for the executive departments in Montgomery. 
 
 It submitted a report on Feb. 13 ( Journal, 1:50), and on May 7 another re¬ 
 port was referred to the Committee on Finance. Its resolution of May 3 
 providing for the acceptance of the offer of the hall of the Alabama House 
 of Representatives was adopted. Shorter also became chairman on Feb. 9 
 of a committee whose task was to design a flag for the Confederacy. The 
 committee was instructed on the next day to report also a device for a seal, 
 arms, and motto; it did not complete its assignment, which was passed on 
 to the Congress under the Permanent Constitution. A Committee on Inau¬ 
 guration, on Feb. 15, 1861, appointed under the chairmanship of William P. 
 Chilton (Ala.), reported on the next day a program for the inauguration of 
 the President-elect ( Journal, 1:62). The Committee To Digest the Laws, to 
 which William P. Chilton (Ala.) and John Hemphill (Tex.) were appointed 
 on Mar. 12, 1861, was to digest laws of the United States applicable to the 
 Confederacy, with changes and modifications. It did not complete its as¬ 
 signment, which was turned over to the Department of Justice. On May 
 6, 1861, a Committee on Pay and Mileage, with J. A. P. Campbell (Miss.) 
 as chairman, was appointed to certify the pay and mileage due Members. 
 
 It also reported bills to amend the act of Mar. 11, 1861, concerning the 
 compensation of Congressmen. A committee headed by William H. Mac- 
 farland (Va.) helped to arrange for the transportation and care of men 
 wounded at Manassas. A report was submitted by this committee on July 
 24, 1861 (Journal, 1:279). A committee appointed on Aug. 1 to investigate 
 the condition of Army hospitals in Richmond submitted a report on Aug. 31 
 
12 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 ( Journal, 1:461-462). A Special Committee To Inquire into the Organiza¬ 
 tion and Administration of the Medical, Commissary, and Quartermaster's 
 Departments, appointed on Jan. 11, 1862, submitted a report on Jan. 29 
 ( Journal, 1:720-727). A Special Committee on the Removal of the Seat of 
 Government presented a report on Aug. 16, 1861. The Journal contains ref- 
 erences to other committees that were not very active, including a Com¬ 
 mittee on Ways and Means, a Committee To Inquire into the Amount of 
 Small Arms and Ammunition in Possession of and Distributed by the Gov¬ 
 ernment, and a Committee on Commercial and Financial Independence. 
 
 A resolution of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 157), directed 
 that the books that had been purchased by the Committee To Digest the Laws 
 be turned over to the Secretary of Congress for the use of Members. A 
 few publications were sent to the Confederate Library of Congress that was 
 established by the stipulation of the copyright act of May 21, 1861, that one 
 copy of each copyrighted work delivered to the Department of State be 
 placed in the Library of Congress. 
 
 Richard E. Beringer, "A 
 Profile of Members of the Confed¬ 
 erate Congress, " Journal of South¬ 
 ern History , 33:518-541 (Nov. 1967); 
 William S. Hoole, Alias Simon 
 Suggs; the Life and Times of John ¬ 
 son Jones Hooper (University, Ala., 
 
 1952); Horace Montgomery, Howell 
 Cobb's Confederate Career (Tusca¬ 
 loosa, Ala., 1959); Wilfred B. Yearns, 
 The Confederate Congress (Athens, 
 Ga., 1960). The printed Journal of 
 the Provisional Congress is cited in 
 chapter I of this Guide. 
 
 An act of Congress of Feb. 27, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 39), 
 directed the Secretary of Congress to prepare copies of the journals of the 
 public sessions for publication. This preparation seems not to have been 
 done during the life of the Provisional Congress, and an act adopted at its 
 close, Feb. 17, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 277), authorized the Pres¬ 
 ident of Congress to have prepared two copies of its journals and those of 
 the Constitutional Convention, one copy to be deposited in the Department 
 of Justice and the other to be retained by the President. The original 
 journals were to be deposited with the Secretary of State, and all of the 
 journals were to be preserved until publication was ordered by Congress. 
 Howell Cobb assigned to Johnson J. Hooper, the former Secretary of Con¬ 
 gress, the task of copying the journals. Hooper died in June 1862, however, 
 and Cobb engaged Maj. John C. Whitner of West Point, Ga., to copy the 
 journals. In July Major Whitner received some of the records of the Pro¬ 
 visional Congress, and in August Robert E. Dixon delivered the journal of 
 the open and secret sessions to him. In 1864 Whitner obtained the original 
 proceedings of the Constitutional Convention. He procured other records 
 through the assistance of Dixon and Albert R. Lamar, another Assistant 
 Secretary of the Provisional Congress, but was unable to find many of the 
 papers referred to in the journals. Whitner's transcription was therefore 
 delayed by lack of records and, even more, by the need to protect them 
 from capture by the U.S. Army. From Augusta on Nov. 18, 1864, he re¬ 
 ported to Cobb that part of the convention journal and two-thirds of the 
 journals of the open and secret sessions of Congress had been copied and 
 that he hoped to complete the work shortly ( Official Records . . . Armies , 
 ser. 4, vol. 3, p. 1016-1018). 
 
 In June 1865 at Athens, Ga., on instructions from Howell Cobb, 
 Whitner turned over the Provisional Congress records, the journal 
 
PROVISIONAL CONGRESS 
 
 13 
 
 transcripts, and the original proceedings of the Constitutional Convention 
 to Maj. Charles L. Greeno, provost marshal of U. S. Army headquarters 
 at Macon. Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson, the commander at Macon, shipped 
 these records to Washington where they became part of the records en¬ 
 trusted to the Archive Office of the War Department. 
 
 General Wilson's letter of June 24, 1865, to the Assistant Adjutant 
 General notifying him of the shipment of the records (Archive Office, Let¬ 
 ters Received, W-45) was accompanied by a list of the records received 
 from Major V^iitner that is still on file with the letter cited. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of the Provisional Congress are in the 
 War Department Collection of Confederate Records. In classifying those 
 records the War Department placed the legislative records in chapter VII 
 (see appendix I of this Guide for an explanation of chapter designations). 
 The rules of the Provisional Congress provided for open and secret ses¬ 
 sions, and since Congress passed on nominations for appointments it also 
 held executive sessions. A finished copy of the journal of the open and 
 secret sessions, Feb. 4, 1861-Feb. 18, 1862 (ch. VII, vols. 1, 3, 5, and 
 part of vol. 6), contains more than 900 pages. A subject index to volumes 
 5 and 6 of the journal is in ch. Vn, vol. 34 1/2, and a name index is in 
 part of an unnumbered volume. The journal contains a chronological re¬ 
 cord of the proceedings of Congress for the admission of Members and the 
 administering of oaths; the admission of additional States; the election of 
 officers; appointment of employees; adoption of rules; appointment of com¬ 
 mittees; the drafting of the Provisional Constitution; votes; and the intro¬ 
 duction and referral of memorials, petitions, and communications. The 
 journal also contains the texts of bills, resolutions, motions, committee 
 reports, and Presidential messages and a record of the action taken on 
 them. The journal of the executive sessions, Feb. 21, 1861-Feb. 17, 1862 
 (ch. vn, vol. 21), contains Presidential nominations for appointments to 
 civil and military positions, recommendations of Cabinet officers, reports 
 of the standing committees to which the nominations were referred, and the 
 record of confirmation or rejection. Some rough notes for the journal are 
 in a separate file (3 ft. 4 in.); others are filed with notes for the House 
 journal. A calendar of secret sessions, Feb. 9-Aug. 28, 1861 (1 vol.), 
 contains data regarding bills and resolutions introduced, the name of the 
 person introducing each one, and, occasionally, a notation of the action 
 taken. A register of acts and resolutions, Feb. 6, 1861-Feb. 17, 1862 (ch. 
 VII, vols. 2 and part of 4), gives in numerical order the number of the act 
 or resolution and its title, date of passage, and date of approval. An in¬ 
 dex arranged by subject gives the number of the act or resolution. 
 
 Papers of the Provisional Congress are in a number of small files 
 (sometimes part of larger series containing records of the House and/or 
 the Senate). A file of legislative papers, Feb. 4, 1861-Feb. 17, 1862 (1 ft. 
 
 4 in.), arranged chronologically, contains bills and resolutions; reports of 
 committees with communications from the executive departments; minutes 
 of open and secret sessions; letters and telegrams to Members of Congress 
 from Cabinet officers, other Government officials, and persons concerned 
 with proposed legislation; and petitions, specifications, drawings, and 
 correspondence for patent caveats. Some memorials and petitions are in 
 this file, but most are in a separate file described below. (Papers on the 
 Constitutional Convention in this file are described above.) A chronologi¬ 
 cal file (5 in.) of messages from the President for this period contains ap¬ 
 provals of acts and resolutions, nominations for appointments with letters 
 
14 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 of recommendation from heads of executive departments, transmittal let¬ 
 ters covering communications and estimates from the executive depart¬ 
 ments, letters requesting the return of lists of nominations not acted on, 
 speeches, veto messages, and letters from the executive departments. 
 There are cross-reference cards for some original messages that were 
 withdrawn for use in the Official Records . . . Armies . A file of Members’ 
 credentials, Jan. 1861-Feb. 1862 (l in.), consists of Governors’ commis¬ 
 sions and certificates of elections, election returns, lists of State delega¬ 
 tions, and printed lists of Members. Nominations for appointments and 
 estimates for funds are in other files described in the section on joint com¬ 
 mittees. The Journal, cited below, serves as an index to the Provisional 
 Congress files. 
 
 The journal of the open, se¬ 
 cret, and executive sessions of the 
 Provisional Congress is printed in 
 C.S.A. Congress, Journal of the 
 Congress of the Confederate States 
 of America, 1861-1865, Volume 1 , 
 Journal of the Provisional Congress 
 
 of the Confederate States of Amer ¬ 
 ica (S. Doc . 234, 58 Cong., 2sess., 
 Serial 4610; Washington, 1904). 
 
 See chapter IV of this Guide for in¬ 
 formation on Presidential messages. 
 
 Lists of Members of the Pro¬ 
 visional Congress are in the follow¬ 
 ing sources: Charles C. Jones, Jr., 
 "Confederate Roster, ’’ Southern 
 Historical Society Papers, 3:125-130 
 {May and June 1877); Official Records 
 
 . . ■ Armies, ser. 4, vol. 3, p. 
 1185-1191; U.S. Record and Pension 
 Office, Executive and Congressional 
 Directory of the Confederate States, 
 1861-1865 (Tallahassee, 1899). An 
 
 alphabetical list of the names of 
 Members of Congress is in Bell I. 
 Wiley and Hirst D. Milhollen, Embat ¬ 
 tled Confederates; an Illustrated 
 History of Southerners, p . 258-273 
 (New York, 1964). Since some Mem¬ 
 bers had served in the U.S. Congress, 
 see also U.S. Congress, Biograph ¬ 
 ical Directory of the American Con¬ 
 gress, 1774-1961 (H. Doc. 442, 85 
 Cong., 2 sess., Serial 12108; 
 Washington, 1961). 
 
 CONGRESS OF 1862-65 
 
 In contrast to the unicameral Congress of the provisional Govern¬ 
 ment, the Permanent Constitution, adopted on Mar. 11, 1861, provided for 
 a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Members of the House of 
 Representatives were to be elected biennially by electors from each State. 
 Until a census was taken within 3 years after the first meeting of the Con¬ 
 gress, the States were to have the following number of Representatives: 
 South Carolina, 6; Georgia, 10; Alabama, 9; Florida, 2; Mississippi, 7; 
 Louisiana, 6; and Texas, 6. When vacancies occurred in House seats, 
 special elections were to be held to fill them. Two Senators were to be 
 chosen by each State legislature for terms of 6 years. So that one-third 
 could be chosen every second year, the Senators chosen initially were to 
 be divided into three classes as follows: those to serve 2 years, those to 
 serve 4 years, and those to serve 6 years. K a vacancy occurred in the 
 Senate, a State Governor could make temporary appointments until the next 
 meeting of the legislature, which was then to fill the vacancy. 
 
 An election for Members of the House of Representatives and electors 
 for the President and Vice President was held on Nov. 6, 1861, under the 
 provisions of an act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 122). The 
 States admitted to the Confederacy since the adoption of the Permanent 
 
JOINT COMMITTEES 
 
 15 
 
 Constitution were given the following representation: Virginia, 16; North 
 Carolina, 10; Tennessee, 11; and Arkansas, 4. In States where no regular 
 sessions of the legislatures were to be held before Feb. 18, 1862, Senators 
 could be elected at any special or extra session. 
 
 Missouri and Kentucky, not as yet having been admitted to the Con¬ 
 federacy, did not participate in the general election. By acts of Nov. 29 
 and Dec. 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 221 and 226), Missouri was 
 permitted 13 Representatives and Kentucky, 12. These States were then 
 largely under U. S. control and their secession governments operated in 
 exile. Their Governors appointed Senators and ordered Representatives 
 elected by soldier and refugee votes. 
 
 No census was taken by the Confederate Government, and the repre¬ 
 sentation continued to be based on the U.S. census of 1860: one Member 
 for every 90,000 inhabitants and one additional Member for a fraction more 
 than one-half of that number. 
 
 Each House was to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of 
 its own Members, determine the rules of its proceedings, punish Members 
 for disorderly behavior, and expel a Member when necessary. Separate 
 journals, to be kept by each House, were to be published from time to 
 time--except for matter regarded as secret. The salaries of Senators and 
 Representatives were to be determined by law. A two-thirds vote of each 
 House was required to override Presidential vetoes of bills and of parts of 
 appropriation bills. 
 
 Congress was given the same general powers to legislate as had been 
 vested in the Provisional Congress, but some limitations were imposed. 
 Congress could lay and collect taxes but could not grant bounties from the 
 Treasury or levy customs duties for the purpose of fostering industry. 
 Congress could regulate commerce but could not appropriate money for 
 internal improvements intended to facilitate commerce--except for light¬ 
 house services and river and harbor improvement. The expenses of the 
 Post Office Department were to be paid from its own revenues after Mar. 
 
 1, 1863. 
 
 JOINT COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS 
 Joint Committee on Rules 
 
 The Committees on Rules of the two Houses, formed at the beginning 
 of the First Congress, also served as the Joint Committee on Rules. As 
 such, it prepared joint rules and orders that were adopted by the two Houses 
 on Feb. 27, 1862 (printed in the Senate Journal , 2:26-27). 
 
 Joint Committee on Inauguration 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Feb. 19, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Feb. 21). The report of the committee in the form of a pro¬ 
 gram for the ceremony is in the Journal, 5:17-18. 
 
 Joint Committee on Printing 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Feb. 24, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Feb. 25). 
 
16 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Joint Committee on Buildings 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Feb. 24, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Feb. 25). 
 
 Joint Committee on Flag and Seal 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Feb. 24, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Feb. 25). A report on a design for a Confederate flag is in 
 the Journal, 5:272. 
 
 Joint Committee on Enrollment and Engrossment 
 
 Authorized by a Senate resolution of Mar. 13, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the House on Apr. 14). Under the joint rules of Congress this committee 
 had the regular task of examining enrolled and engrossed bills. 
 
 Joint Select Committee To Investigate the Management of the Navy Depart ¬ 
 ment 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Aug. 27, 1862 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Aug. 28), this committee conducted an extensive inquiry into 
 the administration of the Department and prepared a lengthy report (cited 
 in chapter Vni of this Guide ). 
 
 Joint Select Committee To Prepare an Address to the People of the Con ¬ 
 federate States 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Jan. 9, 1864 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on Jan. 11). An address was adopted on Feb. 17, 1864, and the 
 House ordered it printed. Another select committee for the same purpose 
 was authorized in Jan. 1865. A report was submitted to the Senate on Mar. 
 17 and ordered printed. 
 
 Joint Special Committee on Impressments 
 
 Authorized by a joint resolution that originated in the House on May 
 10, 1864. 
 
 Joint Committee To Collect Intelligence Concerning Any Movement of the 
 Enemy Threatening the Forcible Interruption of the Deliberation of 
 Congress 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of May 11, 1864 (concurred in by 
 the Senate on May 13). 
 
 Joint Special Committee on the Means of Public Defense 
 
 Authorized by a House resolution of Dec. 28, 1864 (concurred in by 
 the Senate with amendments on Dec. 30). Written reports were submitted 
 to the House and Senate on Jan. 25, 1865. 
 
JOINT COMMITTEES 
 
 17 
 
 Joint Select Committee To Investigate the Condition and Treatment of 
 
 Prisoners of War 
 
 Authorized by a Senate resolution of Jan. 10, 1865 (concurred in by 
 the House on Jan. 12). Reports submitted to the Senate on Mar. 3 and 18 
 are cited under the Office of the Commissary General of Prisoners in 
 chapter VII of this Guide . 
 
 The committees prepared reports, bills, statutes, or resolutions. 
 Some reports were printed in small editions, some are cited elsewhere in 
 this Guide, and others are listed in the bibliographies by Crandall and 
 Harwell. Reports that were not printed are in the records of either the 
 House or the Senate; the Journal and the Statutes can be used as aids in 
 locating the reports, bills, and resolutions. The committees sometimes 
 were carried over from one session to another, a fact to be kept in mind 
 when using the Journal. 
 
 The bulk of the records of Congress of 1862-65 were moved south 
 from Richmond before or during its evacuation on Apr. 2, 1865. Some 
 records not thus removed were stolen; and some, found by U.S. Army units 
 that occupied the city, were forwarded to the Archive Office of the War 
 Department. Material awaiting printing in the hands of the public printer 
 in Richmond, including the evidence taken by the Joint Select Committee 
 To Investigate the Condition and Treatment of Prisoners of War (see above), 
 was burned while Richmond was being evacuated. Of the material moved 
 south, the records of both Houses, including their journals, most of the 
 enrolled acts and resolutions, and other papers, were recovered at Ches¬ 
 ter, S. C., and sent to the War Department at Washington. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Some records of Congress are for the years 
 1862-65, but other series cover the Provisional Congress also. A chron¬ 
 ological file of messages from the President, Feb. 25, 1862-Mar. 20, 1865 
 (1 ft. 9 in.), is similar in content to messages of 1861-62 described under 
 the Provisional Congress. Papers concerning nominations are described 
 under the Senate. A file of memorials and petitions, 1861-65 (10 in.), is 
 arranged numerically. A register of memorials and petitions. Mar. 1861- 
 Feb. 1865 (ch. VII, vol. 10), is arranged alphabetically by the first letter 
 of the petitioner’s name and shows the date presented, the committee to 
 which referred, the date reported, and the action of the committee. A 
 file of Congressional messages, Feb. 1862-Mar. 1865 (5 in.), consists of 
 messages from the Senate to the House and from the House to the Senate. 
 Arranged by session of Congress, they concern action on bills, resolutions, 
 and committee reports. A file of estimates of funds, 1861-65 (3 in.), con¬ 
 tains communications from the executive departments and the officers of 
 Congress showing estimates of appropriations necessary and letters re¬ 
 garding additional needed employees. A file of miscellaneous letters and 
 reports, 1861-65 (1 in.), contains letters from departmental and bureau 
 heads and Army officers to Congressmen and applications for appointments 
 as Senate employees. Other letters from the Secretary of War, heads of 
 War Department bureaus, and Army officers, 1861-65 (1/3 in.), are ac¬ 
 companied by a chronological list. 
 
 Several volumes and files relate to legislation. A register of acts 
 and resolutions, Feb. 6, 1861-Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. VH, vols. 2 and 4), is 
 arranged numerically and shows the number of the act or resolution, its 
 title, the date passed, and the date approved. An index (ch. VH, another 
 
18 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 vol. 2) is arranged alphabetically by subject and gives the number of the 
 act or resolution. A calendar of bills and resolutions, Mar. 1862-May 
 1864 (ch. VII, vol. 32), contains separate chronological records for the 
 Senate and the House, showing subject, name of introducer, date intro¬ 
 duced, and action taken. Some rough notes on the action of Congress on 
 bills and resolutions, 1861-65 (1 ft.), relate largely to bills and resolutions 
 on which no final action was taken. Other files include Senate amendments 
 to House bills and House amendments to Senate bills, 1862-63(1 in.), en¬ 
 rolled and engrossed bills and resolutions, Feb. 1862-Mar. 1865 (4 1/2 in.), 
 and reports of the Joint Committee on Enrollment and Engrossment, Mar. 
 1862-Mar. 1865 (3/4 in.). 
 
 Alphabetical indexes to subjects and names were prepared for some 
 of the files described above and for the journals. These include an index 
 to bills, resolutions, and committee reports, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (1vol.); 
 an index to open sessions, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (1 vol.); and an index to 
 numbered memorials and petitions (1 vol.). It is more convenient, how¬ 
 ever, to use the indexes in the volumes of the published Journal. They are 
 not so reliable as they might be, however, and paging through the Journal. 
 particularly if the date of a document is known, might be of benefit. 
 
 Besides the printed materials in the Congressional files other mate¬ 
 rial of this character is in separate files in this record group. A file of 
 reports of executive departments, 1861-65 (1 ft.), includes printed and man¬ 
 uscript reports of the War, Treasury, and Post Office Departments, the 
 Attorney General, the Commissioner of Patents, the Superintendent of 
 Public Printing, the Secretary of State (Apr. 27, 1861), and the Second Au¬ 
 ditor of the Treasury (Jan. 8, 1862). A larger file of printed documents. 
 1861-65 (3 ft.), includes House and Senate bills and resolutions. Presiden¬ 
 tial messages, committee reports, and speeches. 
 
 The journal of the Confeder¬ 
 ate Congress was eventually print¬ 
 ed as a document of the U.S. Senate. 
 In 1903 the Record and Pension Of¬ 
 fice of the U.S. War Department 
 prepared copies of the journals for 
 the printer. A Senate resolution of 
 Jan. 28, 1904, introduced by Joseph 
 B. Foraker, directed the Secretary 
 of War to transmit to the Senate a 
 copy of the journal of the Provisional 
 Congress and the First and Second 
 Congresses. On Jan. 30 the copy was 
 transmitted to the Senate, and on Feb. 
 
 1 it was ordered printed. During 1904- 
 5 the War Department Military Sec¬ 
 retary's Office indexed the journal 
 volumes, which were printed in the 
 same years as S. Doc . 234, 58 Cong., 
 2sess. Serials 4610-4616 (cited in 
 chapter I of this Guide ). Microre¬ 
 productions of the printed journal 
 may be purchased from the Louis¬ 
 ville (Ky.) Public Library. 
 
 The Journal of the Confederate 
 Congress can be supplemented by its 
 "Proceedings, " Feb. 18, 1862-Mar. 
 
 18, 1865, published in the Southern 
 Historical Society Papers , vols. 44- 
 52 (1923-59). As president of the 
 Southern Historical Society, Douglas 
 S. Freeman initiated the preparation 
 of these proceedings from wartime 
 reports in the Richmond Examiner. 
 the Richmond Enquirer , and other 
 newspapers. The newspaper ac¬ 
 counts had been prepared by report¬ 
 ers admitted to the open sessions of 
 Congress, and they include abstracts 
 of debates, texts of bills, resolutions, 
 memorials, military correspondence 
 and telegrams, a record of the ac¬ 
 tion of Congress on measures under 
 consideration, and eulogies for de¬ 
 ceased Members. The proceedings 
 are most valuable for the summaries 
 of Members' remarks on proposed 
 legislation, which supplement the 
 
SENATE 
 
 19 
 
 minutes recorded in the Journal. 
 
 Other Congressional docu¬ 
 ments are published in Richardson, 
 ed., Messages and Papers ; in 
 Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis , 
 Constitutionalist, vols. 5-6; in 
 Official Records . . . Armies , 
 particularly ser. 2, vols. 2-8, and 
 ser. 4, vols. 1-3; and in the Jour ¬ 
 nal of the Congress of the Confed¬ 
 erate States of America, 1861-1865 , 
 cited above. An extensive unpub¬ 
 lished compilation by Raphael P. 
 
 Thian entitled "Documentary History 
 of the Flag and Seal of the Confeder¬ 
 ate States of America, 1861-1865" 
 (Washington, 1880) is in the Rare 
 Book Room of the Library of Con¬ 
 gress. 
 
 Documents from the files of 
 Congress are in the compiled mili¬ 
 tary service records and papers re¬ 
 lating to Confederate citizens and 
 businesses described in the final 
 chapter of this Guide. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --In the Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library is a typewritten manuscript (98 p.) entitled "Substance of 
 the Testimony of Col. Frank G. Ruffin, Late Lieut. Col. in the Confeder¬ 
 ate Bureau of Subsistence, Given Before the Joint Select Committee of the 
 Two Houses of the Confederate Congress, on the Means of Public Defense, 
 on the 23rd of January 1865. " 
 
 SENATE 
 
 On Feb. 18, 1862, the Senate met in the Senate Chamber of tl e Vir¬ 
 ginia State Capitol in Richmond and was called to order by Vice President 
 Stephens. Robert M. T. Hunter of Virginia was elected President pro 
 tempore, and he was reelected on May 2, 1864, at the beginning of the first 
 session of the Second Congress. Stephens was absent in Georgia during 
 much of 1862-64. The usual meetingplace of the Senate was on the third 
 floor of the State Capitol, but when the State senate was not in session its 
 chamber was used. Of the 26 Senators, 14 had served in the U.S. Congress. 
 A total of 36 men served in the Senate during the two Confederate Con¬ 
 gresses. 
 
 Rules for conducting business in the Senate were adopted on Feb. 24, 
 1862. Rule I required the reading each day of the journal of the preced¬ 
 ing day and the correction of errors. Rule XXXVI required secret ses¬ 
 sions for confidential or executive business. Separate and distinct record 
 books were prescribed for the legislative proceedings, the executive pro¬ 
 ceedings, and the confidential legislative proceedings. The executive 
 sessions were devoted to passing on Presidential nominations for appoint¬ 
 ments. Stenographers and newspaper reporters could be admitted by the 
 President. The order of business was the same as that followed by the 
 Provisional Congress. Rules XLIX and L, adopted on Apr. 1, 1862, re¬ 
 tained for the President pro tempore his right as a Member to vote on all 
 questions and provided that the Senator elected to that position should hold 
 it until the beginning of a new Congress and the election of his successor. 
 The division of Senators into classes to serve for 2, 4, or 6 years in ac¬ 
 cordance with the Permanent Constitution was done by balloting on Feb. 21, 
 1862. 
 
20 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Senate Standing Committees 
 
 On Feb. 25, 1862, the Senate adopted an order designating the follow¬ 
 ing standing committees: 
 
 Committee on Accounts; Charles B. Mitchel (Ark.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Allen T. Caperton (Va.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Claims; George Davis (N.C.), chairman, 1st Cong., Henry 
 C. Burnett (Ky.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Commerce; Clement C. Clay (Ala.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Williamson S. Oldham (Tex.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Enrollment and Engrossment ; Landon C. Haynes (Tenn.), 
 chairman, 1st Cong., William T. Dortsch (N. C.), 2d Cong. 
 
 C ommittee on Finance; Robert W. Barnwell (S.C.), chairman, 1st and 2d 
 Congs. 
 
 Committee on Foreign Relations ; James L. Orr (S.C.), chairman, 1st 
 and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Indian Affairs ; Robert W. Johnson (Ark.), chairman, 1st 
 and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on the Judiciary ; Benjamin H. Hill (Ga.), chairman, 1st and 
 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Military Affairs (called Military Affairs and Militia in 
 2d Cong.); Edward Sparrow (La.), chairman, 1st and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Naval Affairs; Albert G. Brown (Miss.), chairman, 1st 
 and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Patents (called Patents and Patent Office in 2d Cong.); 
 Augustus E. Maxwell (Fla.), chairman, 1st and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ; Williamson S. Oldham (Tex.), 
 chairman, 1st Cong., Charles B. Mitchel (Ark.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Printing ; James Phelan (Miss.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 
 John W. C. Watson (Miss.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Public Buildings (authorized May 20, 1864); James M. 
 
 Baker (Fla.), chairman, 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Public Lands; John B. Clark (Mo.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 James M. Baker (Fla.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Territories; Louis T. Wigfall (Tex.), chairman, 1st and 
 2d Congs. 
 
SENATE 
 
 21 
 
 The standing committees considered bills, recommendations made 
 by the President in his messages, and Presidential nominations for ap¬ 
 pointments. Rule XXXI of the Senate concerning the standing committees 
 was amended on Jan. 20, 1863, to provide for the appointment of their 
 members at the beginning of each Congress; therefore the membership 
 was changed on May 3, 1864, by balloting in the Senate. The amended rule 
 omitted the Committee on Public Buildings, but on May 20, 1864, the rule 
 was again amended to include that committee, and its members were ap¬ 
 pointed on the same day. 
 
 Senate Special and Select Committees 
 
 Matters not assignable to the standing committees were placed in the 
 hands of special and select committees for investigation and report. For 
 the purposes of this Guide , the titles of the committees in the following 
 list were devised from entries in the Journal describing their duties. The 
 committees did not always submit written reports; they sometimes submit¬ 
 ted oral reports, bills, or resolutions. 
 
 Special Committee on Pay and Mileage ' 
 
 Appointed on Apr. 3, 1862, to consist of Henry C. Burnett (Ky.), 
 James L. Orr (S.C.), and Gustavus A. Henry (Tenn.). 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Complaints Made by the Sick and 
 Wounded in the Army 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Aug. 26, 1862, to consist of William E. 
 Simms (Ky.), Charles B. Mitchel (Ark.), and Benjamin H. Hill (Ga.). 
 
 On Sept. 22, 1862, Simms submitted a report that on Sept. 27 was referred 
 to the Committee on Printing. 
 
 Select Committee To Investigate Outrages Committed by the Enemy Upon 
 the Persons and Property of Our Citizens 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Oct. 3, 1862, with 13 members under 
 the chairmanship of Clement C. Clay (Ala.). On May 1, 1863, Clay sub¬ 
 mitted a report that was ordered printed. 
 
 Select Committee on the Cotton Bill 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 28, 1863, to consist of James Phelan (Miss.), 
 Edward Sparrow (La.), Charles B. Mitchel (Ark.), Gustavus A. Henry 
 (Tenn.), and James L. Orr (S.C.). The bill (S. 21) was "for the condem¬ 
 nation to public use of all cotton within the Confederate States, providing 
 for the payment thereof, and for other purposes. " On Feb. 11, 1863, 
 
 Phelan submitted the bill with amendments. 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Recent Violation of the Dignity of 
 
 the Senate 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Feb. 4, 1863, to consist of Robert W. 
 Barnwell (S.C.), Edward Sparrow (La.), Gustavus A. Henry (Tenn.), 
 
 Louis T. Wigfall (Tex.), and Albert G. Brown (Miss.). On the same day 
 the committee reported resolutions expressing disapprobation and censure 
 of the conduct of Benjamin H. Hill (Ga.) and William L. Yancey (Ala.). 
 
22 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into the Rights and Duties of Reporters Ad¬ 
 
 mitted to the Senate and Also To Inquire Whether There Has Been 
 Any Breach of Those Rights 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Feb. 25, 1863, to consist of Louis T. 
 Wigfall (Tex.), William L. Yancey (Ala.), and Robert W. Johnson (Ark.). 
 The committee's report of Mar. 12 ( Journal. 3:157) expressed the opinion 
 that the reporter for the Richmond Enquirer had used improper language 
 in reporting the proceedings of the Senate and favored his exclusion from 
 the floor. 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Expediency of Providing for Reports 
 
 of the Senate Debates 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Apr. 13, 1863. to consist of Robert W. 
 Johnson (Ark.), James L. Orr (La.), and Albert H. Brown (Miss.), 
 
 During the summer the committee interviewed shorthand reporters, and 
 on Jan. 7, 1864, the committee submitted resolutions and a report that 
 were ordered printed. The proposed publication of reports of debates was 
 regarded as too expensive and was not undertaken. 
 
 Select Committee on Bill (H. R. 92) To Tax. Fund, and Limit the Currency 
 Appointed on Feb. 2, 1864, to consist of Robert M, T. Hunter (Va.), 
 Williamson S. Oldham (Tex.), William E. Simms (Ky.), James L. Orr 
 (S.C.), and Thomas J. Semmes (La.). On Feb. 4. 1864, Semmes reported 
 the bill with amendments. 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into the Practicability of Employing Stenogra¬ 
 phers, by Contract, To Report the Debates and Proceedings of the 
 Senate 
 
 Authorized and appointed on June 4, 1864, to consist of James L. Orr 
 (S.C.), Albert G, Brown (Miss.), and Robert W. Johnson (Ark.). 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Price Paid for Army Clothing 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Nov. 25, 1864, to consist of William E. 
 Simms (Ky.), James M. Baker (Fla.), and William A. Graham (N. C.). 
 This committee was also to determine whether the compensation granted 
 women employed in the Ordnance Department was sufficient for their sub¬ 
 sistence. On Jan. 5, 1865, Simms reported a bill (S. 155) to regulate the 
 pay and allowances of female employees of the Government. 
 
 Select Committee To Consider the Bill (S. 167) To Organize an Executive 
 
 Corps of the Provisional Army 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 24, 1865, to consist of Williamson S. Oldham 
 (Tex.), Waldo P. Johnson (Mo.), and Benjamin H. Hill (Ga.). 
 
 Special Committee To Confer with the President in Reference to the Pres¬ 
 
 ent Condition of the Country 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Mar. 2, 1865, to consist of William A. 
 Graham (N.C.), Robert M. T. Hunter (Va.), and James L. Orr (S.C.). 
 
 On Mar. 4, Graham submitted an oral report. 
 
 Select Committee on the Portion of the President's Message as Relates to 
 
 the Action of Congress 
 
 Appointed on Mar. 13, 1865, to consist of James L. Orr (S. C.), 
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 23 
 
 Thomas J. Semmes (La.), William A. Graham (N. C.), Allen T. Caperton 
 (Va.), and John W. C. Watson (Miss.). Orr submitted a report on Mar. 
 
 16 ( Journal, 4:726-731). 
 
 Record Group 109. --Journals, other record books, and files of folded 
 papers comprise the Senate records. The finished journal of the open 
 sessions, Feb. 18, 1862-Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. VII, part of vol. 7, vols. 8,9, 
 and part of vol. 18) contains a chronological record of the proceedings. These 
 minutes concern the admission of Members; appointment of committees 
 and employees; election of officers; introduction of bills, resolutions, me¬ 
 morials, petitions, and amendments; and the record of votes. Also in the 
 journal are the texts of a variety of documents including bills, resolutions, 
 amendments, acts, motions, orders. Presidential messages and letters, 
 communications from department heads, messages from the House, com¬ 
 mittee reports, and battle reports. The finished journal of the secret ses¬ 
 sions, Feb. 27, 1862-Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. VII, parts of vols. 6 and 7), has 
 similar contents but is much briefer. The finished journal of executive 
 sessions, Feb. 25, 1862-June 14, 1864 (ch. VH, vols. 21 and 22), contains 
 Presidential nominations for appointments with recommendations from 
 department heads and the record of the Senate action. Rough journals of 
 the open, secret, and executive sessions, 1862-65 (ch. VH, vols. 31, 33, 
 
 34, 34 1/2), are mostly in pencil. A file of rough journal notes, Feb. 18, 
 1862-Mar. 18, 1865 (4 ft. 6 in.), chronologically arranged, contains mate¬ 
 rial on the open, secret, and executive sessions. An alphabetical name 
 index to open and secret sessions, Feb. 1862-Mar. 1865 (1 vol.), contains 
 chronologically arranged journal entries for the Senators. A calendar of 
 bills and resolutions, Feb. 19, 1862-Feb. 17, 1864 (ch. VII, vol. 11), con¬ 
 tains a record of the numbers, dates, and titles of bills and resolutions, 
 the names of the committees to which referred, dates of reports, action 
 of the committee and of the Senate, and the dates presented to and signed 
 by the President. The legislative papers, Feb. 18, 1862-Mar. 16, 1865 
 (9 in.), referred to in the journal consist of original bills, resolutions, 
 amendments, acts, and committee reports; letters and reports from Gov¬ 
 ernment officials and others; and resolutions of State legislatures propos¬ 
 ing legislation. A file of nominations to Congress and related papers, 
 1861-64 (9 in., mostly for 1864), contains recommendations for appoint¬ 
 ments from Department heads--sometimes including the Presidential nom¬ 
 inations, lists of assignments of military officers on nomination lists, and 
 lists of officers not confirmed. 
 
 C.S.A. Congress, Journal of 
 the Congress of the Confederate 
 States of America, 1861-1865, vols. 
 2-4, Journal of the Senate . . . (S. 
 Doc . 234, 58 Cong., 2sess., Seri¬ 
 als 4611-4613; Washington, 1904). 
 This published journal contains the 
 proceedings of the open, secret. 
 
 and executive sessions. For biblio¬ 
 graphical data concerning Senate 
 documents that were printed during 
 the war, see the preceding section 
 of this chapter. Data regarding 
 Senators appointed by the Governors 
 of Missouri and Tennessee may be 
 found in the Governors’ papers. 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 The Congressmen elected in the State elections of Nov. 1861 assem¬ 
 bled in the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond on Feb. 18, 1862. Howell 
 
24 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Cobb called the session to order and administered the oath of office to the 
 85 Members who were present from 13 States. The House elected Thomas 
 S. Bocock of Virginia as Speaker, and he served in that position throughout 
 the war. Other Representatives took their seats on later days; the total 
 authorized membership was 102. Malcolm H. MacWillietook his seat as 
 the delegate of Arizona Territory on Mar. 11, 1862, replacing Granville H. 
 Oury. After the Union reconquest of Arizona in 1862, MacWillie continued 
 to serve in Congress as the delegate of the nonexistent Confederate Terri¬ 
 tory of Arizona. The treaties of 1861 with Indian tribes west of the Missis¬ 
 sippi allowed them nonvoting delegates. Accordingly, Elias C. Boudinot 
 was admitted as Cherokee delegate on Oct. 9, 1862, Robert M. Jones as 
 Choctaw-Chickasaw delegate on Jan. 17, 1863, and Samuel B. Callahan as 
 the Creek and Seminole delegate on May 30, 1864. The total membership 
 of the House from the 13 Confederate States, Arizona Territory, and the 
 Indian nations was 106. 
 
 The total number of men who served in the House of Representatives 
 during the First and Second Congresses was much larger than the author¬ 
 ized membership. Some Representatives did not run for reelection in 
 1863, and others were defeated in that election. The total number of men 
 who served in the House during the two Congresses was 163; only 27 Rep¬ 
 resentatives served continuously throughout the war. 
 
 House Standing Committees 
 
 A report of the Committee on Rules of Feb. 20, 1862, relating to 
 
 standing committees, was accepted, and on the 25th the Speaker announced 
 
 the following committees: 
 
 Committee on Accounts; John McQueen (S. C.), chairman, 1st Cong., Israel 
 Welsh (Miss.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Claims; William Smith (Va.), chairman, 1st Cong., William 
 N. H. Smith (N.C.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Commerce; Jabez L. M. Curry (Ala.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Julian Hartridge (Ga.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Elections ; William N. H. Smith (N.C.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., John A. Gilmer (N. C.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Flag and Seal ; Alexander R. Boteler (Va.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., William P. Chilton (Ala.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Enrolled Bills ; John M. Elliott (Ky.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Marcus M. Cruikshank (Ala.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Foreign Affairs ; Henry S. Foote (Tenn.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., William C. Rives (Va.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Indian Affairs ; Otho R. Singleton (Miss.), chairman, 1st and 
 2d Congs. 
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 25 
 
 Committee on the Judiciary ; Lucius J. Gartrell (Ga.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., Charles W. Russell (Va.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Military Affairs ; William P. Miles (S. C.), chairman, 1st 
 and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Medical Department (created Sept. 8, 1862); Augustus R. 
 Wright (Ga.), chairman, 1st Cong., David Clopton (Ala.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Naval Affairs ; Charles M. Conrad (La.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., William W. Boyce (S.C.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Ordnance and Ordnance Stores (appointed Sept. 8, 1862); 
 Alexander R. Boteler (Va.), chairman, 1st Cong., John D. C. 
 
 Atkins (Tenn.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Patents; Caspar W. Bell (Mo.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 
 Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Pay and Mileage ; Theodore L. Burnett (Ky.), chairman, 
 
 1st and 2d Congs. 
 
 Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ; William P. Chilton (Ala.), 
 chairman, 1st Cong., Franklin B. Sexton (Tex.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Printing; Ethelbert Barksdale (Miss.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Lucius J. Dupr^ (La.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Public Buildings ; James Lyons (Va.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Fayette McMullin (Va.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Quartermaster's and Commissary Departments (appointed 
 Sept. 8, 1862); William P. Chilton (Ala.), chairman, 1st Cong., 
 Willis B. Machen (Ky.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Rules and Officers of the House ; George W. Jones (Tenn.), 
 chairman, 1st Cong., John Perkins, Jr. (La.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Territories and Public Lands ; John A. Wilcox (Tex.), 
 chairman, 1st Cong., Augustus H. Garland (Ark.), 2d Cong. 
 
 Committee on Ways and Means ; Duncan F. Kenner (La.), chairman, 1st 
 Cong., Francis S. Lyon (Ala.), 2d Cong. 
 
 The complete membership of the committees is listed in the Journal under 
 the dates they were appointed (Feb. 25, 1862, and May 7, 18617! The 
 House amended its rules on Dec. 1, 1864, adding to Rule XXXVI the standing 
 committees that had been appointed on Sept. 8, 1862. Other committees 
 on the executive departments and prisons, prisoners, and the exchange 
 of prisoners were also added to Rule XXXVI, but these committees were 
 apparently not actually constituted. The committees of the First Congress 
 had 3 to 9 members and those of the Second Congress 3 to 12 members. 
 Members were frequently excused from or added to the committees. 
 
26 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 House Special and Select Committees 
 
 House special and select committees were formed by resolution to 
 consider matters outside the cognizance of the standing committees or to 
 conduct investigations. The Journal does not always indicate the member¬ 
 ship or the outcome of a committee’s work. Some of the committees are 
 not in the indexes except under subjects, and the indexing is not complete. 
 
 A careful reading of the Journal would reveal more information concerning 
 the committees. 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into the Causes of the Capitulation of Roa- 
 noke Island 
 
 Authorized Feb. 26, 1862; report submitted by Burgess S. Gaither 
 (N. C.), printed in House Journal, 5:238-243, and separately. 
 
 Special Committee on Recent Military Disasters 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Feb. 26, 1862, to consist of Henry S. 
 Foote (Tenn.), Ethelbert Barksdale (Miss.), Thomas B. Hanly (Ark.), 
 Thomas J. Foster (Ala.), and Horatio W. Bruce (Ky.). It was to ’’inquire 
 into the late military disasters at Forts Henry and Donelson, and also into 
 the circumstances connected with the supposed surrender of the city of 
 Nashville. ” The committee’s recommendation of Apr. 15 to print the tes¬ 
 timony it had collected was accepted. On Feb. 23, 1863, the committee 
 presented a supplementary report on charges against Maj. Vernon K. 
 Stevenson, a quartermaster officer. 
 
 Special Committee on Waste and Destruction of Public Property 
 
 Appointed on Mar. 17, 1862, to consist of Lucius J. Dupr4 (La.), 
 
 John D. C. Atkins (Tenn.), Julian Hartridge (Ga.), and Owen R. Kenan 
 (N. C.). The committee was to investigate alleged wasteful practices of 
 military officers. 
 
 Special Committee To Inspect Ordnance Establishments in Richmond and 
 V icinity 
 
 Appointed on Mar. 27, 1862, to consist of Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), 
 J. W. Clapp (Miss.), and Muscoe R. H. Garnett (Va.). 
 
 Special Committee To Visit Hospitals in Richmond 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Apr. 1, 1862, to consist of John P. Ralls 
 (Ala.), Franklin B. Sexton (Tex.), Robert Johnston (Va.), Thomas Menees 
 (Tenn.), and J. R. McLean (N.C.). The committee reported on Apr. 21 
 (printed in House Journal, 5:288-289, and separately). 
 
 Special Committee on War Tax 
 
 Authorized Aug. 20, 1862; appointed on Aug. 21 to consist of Lewis 
 M. Ayer (S.C.), Francis S. Lyon (Ala.), Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), 
 Charles F. Collier (Va.), James S. Chrisman (Ky.). William Lander 
 (N.C.), Franklin B. Sexton (Tex.), Israel Welsh (Miss.), William W. 
 
 Clark (Ga.), Aaron H. Conrow (Mo.), Robert B. Hilton (Fla.), and Thomas B. 
 Hanly (Ark.). Instructed to consider an allowance of just and equitable 
 compensation to district collectors of the war tax, the committee reported 
 a bill on Oct. 9. 
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 27 
 
 Special Committee on Hospitals 
 
 Appointed on Aug. 21, 1862, with Augustus R. Wright (Ga.), as chair¬ 
 man, this committee was instructed ’’to inquire into any abuses in the med¬ 
 ical and surgical department. ” On Sept. 16 that duty was transferred to 
 the standing Committee on the Medical Department. 
 
 Special Committee on Homesteads for Disabled Officers and Soldiers 
 
 Appointed on Feb. 9, 1863, to consist of Charles M. Conrad (La.), 
 
 William P. Chilton (Ala.), John D. C. Atkins (Tenn.), Augustus H. Gar¬ 
 land (Ark.), Robert Johnston (Va.), Julian Hartridge (Ga.), Robert B. 
 Hilton (Fla.), Peter W. Gray (Tex.), J. W. Clapp (Miss.), Thomas S. 
 
 Ashe (N. C.), John McQueen (S. C.), Willis B. Machen (Ky.), and Caspar 
 W. Bell (Mo.). On Apr. 22 Conrad reported a joint resolution. 
 
 Special Committee To Examine into Frauds in Transportation on Railroads 
 Appointed on F^b. 11, 1863, to consist of John D. C. Atkins (Tenn.), 
 
 Robert R. Bridgers (N. C.), Charles J. Munnerlyn (Ga.), William D. 
 Simpson (S.C.), and Charles F. Collier (Va.). 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Chief War Tax Collector in Virginia 
 Authorized on Mar. 28, 1863; appointed on Mar. 30 to consist of John 
 Perkins, Jr. (La.), Waller R. Staples (Va.), Jabez L. M. Curry (Ala.), 
 
 W. N. H. Smith (N. C.), and Otho R. Singleton (Miss.). On Apr. 14 Per¬ 
 kins submitted a report that was ordered printed. 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into the Treatment of Prisoners at Castle 
 Thunder 
 
 Authorized on Apr. 4, 1863; appointed on Apr. 6 to consist of Caleb 
 C. Herbert (Tex.), William R. Smith (Ala.), Daniel C. De Jarnette (Va.), 
 William W. Clark (Ga.), and William D. Simpson (S. C.). On May 1 the 
 committee made majority and minority reports that were printed. The re¬ 
 ports have been reprinted in OfficmlJRecordE_;^_^^_;_Armi^, ser. 2, vol. 5, 
 p. 871-924. 
 
 Special Committee on the Senate Bill Amending the Sequestration Act 
 
 Appointed on Apr. 14, 1863, to consist of James Lyons (Va.), 
 Augustus H. Garland (Ark.), Peter W. Gray (Tex.), J. W. Clapp (Miss.), 
 and George B. Hodge (Ky.). 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into Illegal Arrests 
 
 Authorized Dec. 10, 1863; appointed on Dec. 12 to consist of Henry S. 
 Foote (Tenn.), David Clopton (Ala.), Julian Hartridge (Ga.), Thomas S. 
 Ashe (N. C.), and David Funsten (Va.). Reappointed as the Special Com¬ 
 mittee on Illegal Seizures on May 7, 1864, with Foote, Clopton, Hartridge, 
 Funsten, and James M. Leach (N. C.) as members. 
 
 Special Committee on the Currency 
 
 Appointed on Dec. 12, 1863, to consist of William W. Boyce (S.C.), 
 Charles M. Conrad (La.), George W. Jones (Tenn.), John B. Baldwin 
 (Va.), Francis S. Lyon (Ala.), Robert R. Bridgers (N. C.), and Peter W. 
 Gray (Tex.). On Dec. 31 the committee reported a bill with a minority 
 report and a substitute bill; the report was printed. 
 
28 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Special Committee on Deceased Soldiers’ Claims 
 
 Appointed on Dec. 15, 1863, to consist of William W. Clark (Ga.), 
 Otho R. Singleton (Miss.), Samuel A. Miller (Va.), William D. Simpson 
 (S.C.), and Thomas J. Foster (Ala.). On Feb. 10, 1864, Clark submitted 
 a report that was ordered printed. 
 
 Special Committee on the Manufacture of Salt 
 
 Authorized Dec. 18, 1863; appointed on Dec. 19 to consist of Joseph B. 
 Heiskell (Tenn.), Waller R. Staples (Va.), and Horatio W. Bruce (Ky.). 
 The committee was to inquire into the feasibility of obtaining salt in Smyth 
 and Washington Counties, Va. On Feb. 15, 1864, Bruce submitted a report 
 that was ordered printed. 
 
 Select Committee on Veteran Soldiers^ Home 
 
 Authorized on Dec. 30, 1863; appointed on Dec. 31 to consist of J. W. 
 Clapp (Miss.), Jabez L. M. Curry (Ala.), George V. Vest (Mo.), John R. 
 Chambliss (Va.), and William G. Swann (Tenn.). On Jan. 15, 1864, Clapp 
 reported a bill (H. R. 94) that was enacted but vetoed in February. 
 
 Special Committee on the Manufacture of Arms in Richmond 
 
 Appointed in 1863 to consist of Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), Willis B. 
 Machen (Ky.), and Samuel A. Miller (Va.). 
 
 Select Committee on the Joint Resolution Relating to the War 
 ~ Appointed on Jan. 5, 1864, to consist of J. W. Clapp (Miss.), John 
 Goode, Jr. (Va.), Jabez L. M. Curry (Ala.), Julian Hartridge (Ga.), and 
 W. N. H. Smith (N. C.). The committee introduced a joint resolution on 
 Jan. 9. 
 
 Select Committee on the Charge of Corruption Made in the Richmond 
 Examiner, Jan. 7, 1864 
 
 Authorized Jan. 7, 1864; appointed on Jan. 8 to consist of James 
 Lyons (Va.), John McQueen (S. C.), and John D. C. Atkins (Tenn.). The 
 committee reported on Jan. 25 (printed in House Journal, 6:681, and sep¬ 
 arately. 
 
 Special Committee To Inquire into Certain Outrages of the Enemy 
 ~ Appointed on Jan. 8, 1864, to consist of W. N. H. Smith (N. C.), 
 
 James P. Holcombe (Va.), William R. Smith (Ala.), Horatio W. Bruce 
 (Ky.), and George G. Vest (Mo.). On Feb. 17 the committee submitted a 
 report and evidence that were ordered printed. 
 
 Special Committee on Increase of Clerks* Pay 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 25, 1864, to consist of James Lyons (Va.), Joseph 
 B. Heiskell (Tenn.), John J. McRae (Miss.), William D. Simpson (S.C.), 
 and George W. Ewing (Ky.). On Jan. 27 Lyons reported a bill (S. 172) 
 with amendments. 
 
 Special Committee on Exemption of Printers 
 
 Appointed on May 6, 1864, to consist of Henry S. Foote (Tenn.), 
 
 John B. Baldwin (Va.), and Henry C. Chambers (Miss.). The committee 
 was "to confer with the executive of the State of Virginia, for the purpose 
 of securing exemptions from service in the State militia [for] a sufficient 
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 29 
 
 number of printers to do the necessary printing of Congress. " 
 
 Special Committee on Reporting the Proceedings of Congress 
 
 Appointed on May 7, 1864, to consist of John Perkins, Jr. (La.), 
 Ethelbert Barksdale (Miss.), Thomas S. Gholson (Va.), Warren Akin 
 (Ga.), and Burgess S. Gaither (N.C.). A report submitted by Perkins on 
 Nov. 19 was laid on the table. 
 
 Special Committee Relative to Compensation for a Patent 
 
 Appointed on May 7, 1864, to consist of David Funsten (Va.), Thomas 
 C. Fuller (N.C.), Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), Henry E. Read (Ky.), and 
 Israel Welsh (Miss.). On May 26 Funsten reported a bill ”to compensate 
 Charles E. Stuart, Israel C. Owings, and J. H. Taylor for the use of an 
 improvement in instruments for sighting cannon. ” 
 
 Special Committee T o Inquire into Charges of Disloyalty against Mr. Wil ¬ 
 liamson R. W. Cobb 
 
 Appointed on May 7, 1864, to consist of William P. Chilton (Ala.), 
 Augustus H. Garland (Ark.), Robert L. Montague (Va.), James T. Leach 
 (N.C.), and John P. Murray (Tenn.). 'A report submitted on May 31 was 
 recommitted to the committee; Cobb failed to appear to claim his seat, and 
 a resolution of Nov. 15 declared it vacant. 
 
 Special Committee on Impressments 
 
 Appointed on May 10, 1864, to consist of John B. Baldwin (Va.), 
 Charles M. Conrad (La.), William P. Chilton (Ala.), Julian Hartridge 
 (Ga.), John P. Murray (Tenn.), William D. Simpson (S.C.), and Burgess 
 S. Gaither (N. C.). The committee was instructed on May 16 to "consider 
 and report the true principle upon which 'just compensation' shall be made 
 for private property taken or impressed for public use, " and was further 
 instructed on Jan. 25, 1865, to "inquire into the expediency of so altering 
 the impressment acts as to allow a fair market price for all articles taken 
 for public use. " The committee reported a bill on Mar. 8. 
 
 Special Committee on Pay and Mileage 
 
 Appointed on May 30, 1864, to consist of Henry S. Foote (Tenn.) and 
 11 other members. The next day Foote reported back a Senate bill with 
 amendments. 
 
 Special Committee on Violations of the Impressment Law in East Tennes¬ 
 
 see and Southwestern Virginia 
 
 Appointed on May 31, 1864, to consist of Joseph B. Heiskell (Tenn.), 
 Samuel A. Miller (Va.), and John M. Elliott (Ky.). On Mar. 9, 1865, the 
 committee reported a resolution. 
 
 Special Committee on the Payment of Claims 
 
 Authorized on May 11, 1864, and appointed on May 13 to consist of W. 
 N. H. Smith (N. C.), Robert Johnston (Va.), and Otho R. Singleton (Miss.). 
 The committee was to inquire into the payment of demands against the 
 Government prior to Apr. 1, 1864. On May 26 Singleton submitted a re¬ 
 port which was laid on the table and ordered printed. 
 
30 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Special Committee on the Exemption of State Officers 
 
 Appointed on Nov. 11, 1864, to consist of Waller R. Staples (Va.), 
 Francis S. Lyon (Ala.), and James M. Smith (Ga.). On Nov. 19 Staples 
 submitted a report and a resolution. 
 
 Select Committee To Investigate the Condition of Stewart Hospital 
 
 Authorized on Nov. 25, 1864, and appointed on Nov. 30 to consist of 
 Israel Welsh (Miss.), James Farrow (S.C.), Mark H. Blandford (Ga.), 
 Josiah Turner, Jr. (N.C.), and Caleb C. Herbert (Tex.). 
 
 Select Committee on Lessening the Number of Exempts 
 
 Appointed on Nov. 30, 1864, to consist of 13 members with William 
 C. Rives (Va.) as chairman. 
 
 Select Committee on State Claims Against the Confederate Government 
 
 Appointed on Nov. 30, 1864, to consist of 13 members with W. N. H. 
 Smith (N. C.) as chairman. The committee reported a bill on Jan. 23, 1865. 
 
 Select Committee on Impressments 
 
 Appointed on Dec. 14, 1864, to consist of 13 members with John B. 
 Baldwin (Va.) as chairman. 
 
 Special Committee on Army Pay and Clothing 
 
 Appointed on Dec. 5, 1864, to consist of Samuel A. Miller (Va.), 
 William D. Holder (Miss.), James H. Witherspoon (S. C.), Thomas Menees 
 (Tenn.), and John R. Baylor (Tex.). On Feb. 11, 1865, the committee sub¬ 
 mitted a report which was ordered printed. 
 
 Special Committee on Conscription 
 
 Authorized and appointed on Dec. 12, 1864, to consist of John Goode, 
 Jr. (Va.), Lewis M. Ayer (S. C.), Lucius J. Duprd* (La.), David Clopton 
 (Ala.), and Samuel St. George Rogers (Fla.). On Jan. 10, 1865, Goode 
 reported a bill. 
 
 Special Committee on the Relief of Taxpayers 
 
 Authorized on Jan. 7, 1865, and appointed on Jan. 9 to consist of 
 Daniel C. De Jarnette (Va.), Clifford Anderson (Ga.), Aaron H. Conrow 
 (Mo.), Thomas J. Foster (Ala.), and John A. Orr (Miss.). The commit¬ 
 tee was to report legislation necessary ”to relieve from the payment of 
 taxes the people residing in such districts, towns, or counties as have 
 been subject to depredations by the public enemy. ” On Feb. 14, 1865, the 
 committee reported a bill. 
 
 Special Comniittee on the Arrest of Henry S. Foote 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 13, 1865. On Jan. 16 the committee submitted a 
 report (printed in House Journal, 7:458). 
 
 Special Committee on Passports Issued to Youths To Leave the Confederate 
 States 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 17, 1865. 
 
 Special Committee on the Exchange of Prisoners of War 
 
 Appointed on Jan. 19, 1865, to consist of Humphrey Marshall (Ky.), 
 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 31 
 
 John Perkins, Jr. (La.), John A. Gilmer (N.C.), John B. Clark (Mo.), 
 and David Funsten (Va.). The members of this committee also served as 
 the House members of the Joint Select Committee To Investigate the Con¬ 
 dition and Treatment of Prisoners of War. Perkins made a report on Mar. 
 
 3 that was ordered printed, and Marshall made a report on Mar. 15 that 
 also was ordered printed. 
 
 Special Committee To Investigate the Fuel Supply at Chimborazo Hospital 
 
 Authorized on Feb. 2, 1865, and appointed on Feb. 4 to consist of 
 William C. Wickham (Va.), David Clopton (Ala.), and Horatio W. Bruce 
 (Ky.). 
 
 Select Committee on the Increase of the Military Force 
 
 Appointed on Feb. 11, 1865, to consist of a member from each State 
 with Ethelbert Barksdale (Miss.) as chairman. The inquiry made by this 
 committee was on the employment of Negroes as soldiers. The committee 
 reported a bill on Feb. 14. 
 
 Select Committee on Additional Taxes - 
 
 Appointed on Feb. 13, 1865, to consist of 13 members with Charles 
 W. Russell (Va.) as chairman. 
 
 Besides attending meetings of the House and committees. Congress¬ 
 men performed many other duties. For example, the diary of Franklin B. 
 Sexton, Congressman from Texas, shows that he went to meetings of the 
 Texas delegation in Congress, accompanied other Congressmen from the 
 Trans-Mississippi West to confer with the President, called on the Pres¬ 
 ident about appointments and commissions, transacted business with the 
 executive departments, and procured discharges and performed many other 
 services for soldiers. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The journal of the open sessions, Feb. 18, 1862- 
 Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. Vn, part of vol. 13, and vols. 14, 16, 17, and part of 
 vol. 18), contains a record of the proceedings of the House. It concerns 
 the admission of Members; the election of officers; the appointment of em¬ 
 ployees and of committees; the introduction of bills, resolutions, memori¬ 
 als, petitions, and communications and their referral to committees; and 
 a record of the action of the House on legislation. Documents printed in 
 the journal include rules. Presidential messages and letters, bills, reso¬ 
 lutions, committee reports, and letters from Government officials. Con¬ 
 fidential transactions were recorded in a journal of the secret sessions, 
 
 Feb. 24, 1862-Mar. 17, 1865 (ch. VII, part of vol. 13 and vol. 15). In 
 addition to these finished journals there are rough minutes of open sessions, 
 Aug. 18, 1862-Dec. 31, 1863 (ch. VII, vols. 26 and 27), and secret ses¬ 
 sions, Sept. 3, 1862-Mar. 17, 1865 (ch. VH, vols. 28 and 29). Journal 
 notes, Feb. 18, 1862-Mar. 18, 1865 (6 ft. 6 in.), are arranged chronolog¬ 
 ically. An index to personal names in the journals of the open and secret 
 sessions is available. A register of bills sent to the Senate by the House, 
 May 3, 1864-Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. VH, vol. 19), shows the title and number 
 of a bill and the dates when sent to the Senate, returned to the House, en¬ 
 rolled, returned to the Senate, and approved. A register of bills referred 
 to the Committee on Military Affairs, Feb. 25, 1862-Mar. 14, 1865 (ch. 
 
 VII, vol. 20), contains a record of action on such bills. A roll book of 
 Members (ch. VH, vol. 52) contains signatures of Representatives arranged 
 
32 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 alphabetically by first letters of surnames, but the roll is very incomplete. 
 
 A file of legislative papers, Feb. 1862-Mar. 1865 (2 ft. 5 in.) con¬ 
 tains original bills and resolutions, amendments, petitions, memorials, 
 committee reports with letters of Departmental officials, resolutions of 
 State legislatures, letters to Representatives, Senate messages, lists of 
 Members, clerks’ correspondence, stationery accounts, and rough minutes. 
 Some of the memorials and petitions were withdrawn and placed in a spe¬ 
 cial file, represented in this file only by cross-reference cards. Papers 
 showing the credentials of Members, 1861-64, are filed with similar papers 
 for Members of the Provisional Congress (for a description, see the sec¬ 
 tion above on the Provisional Congress). A collection of letters from 
 William Porcher Miles, Representative from South Carolina, to Gen. P. 
 
 G. T. Beauregard, Sept. 9, 1862-Mar. 18, 1864 (1/2 in.), concerns military 
 affairs. A small quantity of election returns from several congressional 
 districts in Virginia, 1862-63 (1/2 in.), shows the names of candidates and 
 the number of votes received in elections held to fill vacancies. Papers 
 relating to the contested election for Representative from the Third Dis¬ 
 trict of Arkansas, involving Jilson P. Johnson and Augustus H. Garland, 
 1862-63 (1 in.), include testimony, reports of the House Committee on 
 Elections, the candidates’ responses, affidavits, and exhibits. 
 
 C.S.A. Congress, Journal of 
 the Congress of the Confederate 
 States of America, 1861-1865, vols. 
 5-7, Journal of the House of Rep ¬ 
 resentatives . . . (S. Doc. 234,~58 
 Cong., 2sess., Serials 4614-4616; 
 Washington, 1905), contains the 
 proceedings of the open and secret 
 sessions. Separately printed House 
 
 bills, resolutions, amendments, and 
 committee reports are listed by title 
 in Crandall, Confederate Imprints, 
 1:47-113, and in Harwell, More Con¬ 
 federate Imprints, 1:21-27. Acts, 
 joint resolutions, and other docu¬ 
 ments of Congress are in the Offi¬ 
 cial Records . . . Armies, passim. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In Emory University Library are some 
 copies of correspondence between the Secretary of State and Confederate 
 commissioners in Europe (Slidell and Mason), and Alfred Paul, the French 
 consul in Richmond, 1863-64. These were transmitted to the House by 
 President Davis on Dec. 15, 1864 ( House Journal, 7:361). 
 
 Records of the House of Representatives that were taken from the 
 State Capitol in Richmond early in Apr. 1865 by Rev. William H. Ryder 
 and sent north for preservation are now in Tufts College Library. These 
 papers include House journal notes, bills, resolutions, memoranda, and 
 estimates submitted by Secretary of the Navy Mallory, 1861-64. Letters from 
 Capt. Sidneys. Lee, commanding at Drewry’s Bluff, Va., to Secretary 
 Mallory, Sept. 23, 1863, and to Charles M. Conrad, Chairman of the 
 House Naval Affairs Committee, Feb. 20, 1863, also appear to be House 
 records. 
 
 Historical Records Survey, Archives at Tufts College Library 
 Massachusetts, A Calendar of the (Boston, 1940). 
 
 Ryder Collection of Confederate 
 
MEMBERS 
 
 33 
 
 PAPERS OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -The official archives can be supplement¬ 
 ed by the papers of Members of Congress. Since some Members of the 
 Provisional Congress later served as Representatives or Senators and 
 some Representatives became Senators, a single alphabetical list is given 
 here, showing where their papers have been published or in what reposi¬ 
 tory they may be found. 
 
 Akin, Warren. Bell I. Wiley, ed., Letters of Warren Akin, Confederate 
 Congressman (Athens, Ga., 1959). 
 
 Anderson, James P. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Arrington, Archibald H. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Baker, James M. Papers in Archives Division, Virginia State Library 
 (Hammond collection). 
 
 Barnwell, Robert W. Papers in South Caroliniana Library, University of 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Bonham, Milledge L. Papers in South Caroliniana Library, University of 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Boteler, Alexander R. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke Universi¬ 
 ty Library. 
 
 Boudinot, Elias C. Papers in Division of Manuscripts, University of 
 
 Oklahoma Library. See also the Bureau of Indian Affairs in chapter 
 Vn of this Guide . 
 
 Boyce, William W. Rosser H. Taylor, ed., ”Boyce-Hammond Corre¬ 
 spondence, Journal of Southern History , 3:348-354 (Aug. 1937). 
 Branch, Anthony M. Papers in Henry E. Huntington Library. 
 
 Campbell, Josiah A. P. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Chesnut, James, Jr. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 Chisolm, William G. Papers in Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 Clay, Clement C. Papers in Alabama Department of Archives and History 
 and Manuscript Department, Duke University Library. 
 
 Cobb, Howell. Papers in University of Georgia Library (Will Erwin depos¬ 
 it). Ulrich B. Phillips, ed., "The Correspondence of Robert Toombs, 
 Alexander H. Stephens and Howell Cobb, ” American Historical Asso¬ 
 ciation, Annual Report, 1911, vol. 2 (Washington, 1913) and Robert P. 
 Brooks, ed., ’’Howell Cobb Papers, ” Georgia Historical Quarterly, 
 6:355-394 (Dec. 1922). 
 
 Cobb, Thomas R. R. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library; Southern Historical Collection, University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library; and University of Georgia Library. Augustus L. Hull, 
 ed., ’’The Correspondence of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, 1860- 
 1862, ” in Southern History Association, Publications , 11:147-185, 
 233-260, 312-328 (May, July, Sept. -Nov. 1907) and ’’Thomas R. R. 
 Cobb . . . Extracts from Letters to His Wife, February 3, 1861- 
 December 10, 1862,” Southern Historical Society Papers, 28:280- 
 301 (1900). 
 
 Curry, Jabez L. M. Papers in Manuscript Division, Library of Congress; 
 Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; and 
 
34 
 
 CONGRESS 
 
 Virginia Baptist Historical Society Library. 
 
 De Clouet, Alexander. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Graham, William A. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Hanly, Thomas B. Willard E. Wight, ed., "Letters of Thomas B. Hanly, 
 1863-1864, " Arkansas Historical Quarterly , 15:161-171 (Summer 1956). 
 
 Harris, Thomas A. Papers in Henry E. Huntington Library. 
 
 Harrison, James T. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Hemphill, John. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University of 
 North Carolina Library. 
 
 Hill, Benjamin H. Benjamin H. Hill, Jr., Senator Benjamin H. Hill of 
 Georgia; His Life; Speeches and Writings of B. H. Hill (Atlanta, 
 
 iMj: 
 
 Hunter, Robert M. T. Papers in Manuscript Department, University of 
 Virginia Library (available on microfilm). 
 
 Johnson, Herschel V. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library. Some letters are published in Percy S. Flippin, Herschel 
 V. Johnson of Georgia, State Rights Unionist (Richmond, 1931). 
 
 Johnson, Waldo P. Papers in Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. 
 
 Jones, George W. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Keitt, Lawrence M. Elmer D. Herd, Jr., ed., "Lawrence M. Keitt's 
 Letters from the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, 1861, " 
 South Carolina Historical Magazine, 61:19-25 (Jan. 1960). 
 
 Lyons, James. Papers in Henry E. Huntington Library. 
 
 McDowell, Thomas D. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 McKee, Robert. Papers in Alabama Department of Archives and History. 
 
 McRae, Colin J. Papers in Alabama Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Memminger, Christopher G. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, 
 
 University of North Carolina Library (available on microfilm). See 
 also chapter VI of this Guide . 
 
 Miles, William P. Papers in New York Public Library and Southern His¬ 
 torical Collection, University of North Carolina Library. See also 
 the section on the House of Representatives in this chapter. 
 
 Nisbet, Eugenius A. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 Oldham, Williamson S. Unpublished "Memoirs" in Texas Archives, Uni¬ 
 versity of Texas Library. 
 
 Orr, James L. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University of 
 North Carolina Library. 
 
 Oury, Granville H. Cornelius C. Smith, ed., "Some Unpublished History 
 of the Southwest, " Arizona Historical Review, 4:18-38 (July 1931). 
 
 Perkins, John, Jr. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Ramsey, James G. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University 
 of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Reagan, John H. See chapter IX of this Guide . 
 
 Rhett, Robert B., Sr. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Rives, William C. Papers in Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, 
 
MEMBERS 
 
 35 
 
 and University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Semmes, Thomas J. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 Sexton, Frariclin B. Mary S. Estill, ed., "Diary of a Confederate Con¬ 
 gressman, 1862-1863, " Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 38:270- 
 301 (Apr. 1935), 39:33-65 (July 1935). 
 
 Shorter, John G. Papers in University of Alabama Library. 
 
 Simpson, William D. Papers in Duke University Library and South Caro- 
 liniana Library, University of South Carolina. Willard E. Wight, 
 ed., "Some Letters of William Dunlap Simpson, 1860-1863, " South 
 Carolina Historical Magazine, 57:204-222 (Oct. 1956). 
 
 Smith, Robert H. Papers in Southern Historical Collection, University of 
 North Carolina Library. 
 
 Smith, William E. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 Smith, William R. Mildred Easby-Smith, William Russell Smith of Ala ¬ 
 bama, His Life and Works (Philadelphia, 1931). 
 
 Stephens, Alexander H. See chapter IV of this Guide . 
 
 Turner, Josiah, Jr. Papers in Manuscript Department, Duke University 
 Library, and Southern Historical Collection, University of North 
 Carolina Library. 
 
 Tyler, John. Papers in Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. 
 
 Wigfall, Louis T. Papers in Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, 
 and Texas Archives, University of Texas Library. 
 
 Wright, Augustus R. Papers in University of Georgia Library. 
 
 Yancey, William L. Papers in Alabama Department of Archives and 
 History. 
 
III. THE JUDICIARY 
 
 The judicial power of the Confederate States of America was vested 
 by Article HI of the Provisional Constitution in a supreme court, a system 
 of district courts, and such inferior courts as Congress might establish. The 
 district courts were to have the jurisdiction vested in both district and circuit 
 courts by U. S. law, and appeals were to be taken from the district courts to the 
 supreme court under procedures similar to those existing in the United States. 
 The Judiciary Act of Mar. 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 75), set forth 
 these procedures. The few changes made in the judicial system by the Perma¬ 
 nent Constitution are discussed below in the section on district courts. 
 
 SUPREME COURT 
 
 The Provisional and Permanent Constitutions of the Confederate 
 States of America provided for a supreme court to be composed of all the 
 district judges, with powers similar to those of the U.S. Supreme Court. 
 Bills for its establishment were considered by every session of Congress, 
 but for many reasons, perhaps most notably the fear of centralization and 
 the desire to protect States rights, no bill ever passed both houses and a 
 supreme court was not established. 
 
 DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 The Judiciary Act of Mar. 16, 1861, established the system of dis¬ 
 trict courts provided for by the Provisional Constitution. Although the 
 Constitution stated that each State should constitute a district, the Judici¬ 
 ary Act required the district court judges to hold at least two terms annu¬ 
 ally in each of the U.S. judicial districts that had existed on Nov. 1, 1860. 
 Some of the States were divided into two or more divisions, corresponding 
 to the former districts, but in other States Congress established two or 
 more districts in accordance with an amendment to the Constitution of May 
 21, 1861. 
 
 The judges designated the times and places at which the courts were 
 to meet. Upon the U.S. occupation of parts of the South, Congress author¬ 
 ized the judges to change the times and places of holding court and to move 
 records and files whenever public exigencies required. 
 
 Concerning the jurisdiction of Confederate courts the Permanent Con¬ 
 stitution (Art. Ill, Sec. 2) provided that: 
 
 The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising under this 
 
 Constitution, the laws of the Confederate States, and treaties made, 
 
 or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting 
 
 36 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 37 
 
 ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiral¬ 
 ty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the Confederate 
 States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; 
 between a State and citizens of another State, where the State is 
 plaintiff; between citizens claiming lands under grants of different 
 States; and between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, 
 citizens or subjects; but no State shall be sued by a citizen or subject 
 of any foreign state. 
 
 Certain changes in the jurisdiction of the district courts were con¬ 
 cessions to States rights. Omitted from the Permanent Constitution was a 
 provision giving the courts jurisdiction over controversies between citizens 
 of different States; thus this jurisdiction ceased when the Provisional Con¬ 
 stitution expired on Feb. 18, 1862. District courts continued to have juris¬ 
 diction over cases involving foreigners. Under the Judiciary Act no inhab¬ 
 itant of the Confederate States could be sued elsewhere than in his own 
 district. Further, by requiring the amount involved in civil suits at com¬ 
 mon law or in equity to exceed $5,000, exclusive of costs. Congress 
 greatly reduced the business of the district courts and increased that of the 
 State courts. 
 
 The Judiciary Act gave the district courts exclusive jurisdiction in 
 all crimes and offenses cognizable under Confederate law (Sec. 35) and 
 adopted U.S. criminal law and mode of procedure (Sec. 37). The juris¬ 
 diction of the courts in offenses committed on waters over which the courts 
 had admiralty and maritime jurisdiction was limited to those waters navi¬ 
 gable by vessels of 100 tons burden or more (Sec. 39). Extensions and 
 revisions of the criminal law provided penalties and punishments for offen¬ 
 ses committed by privateersmen against the prize and revenue laws, coun¬ 
 terfeiting, violations of the act imposing censorship over telegrams, fraud¬ 
 ulent exportation of cotton, false swearing on tax returns, frauds by 
 Government contractors, improper use of public transportation, aiding 
 deserters, purchasing public property from a soldier, trading with the 
 enemy, dealing in the enemy’s paper currency, and violations of the reve¬ 
 nue laws. 
 
 The district courts shared with State courts jurisdiction over the 
 naturalization of aliens. The naturalization laws of the United States con¬ 
 tinued in effect in the Confederate States throughout the war: 5 years’ res¬ 
 idence was required of foreigners and a declaration of intention had to be 
 made at least 2 years before admission to citizenship. An act of Aug. 22, 
 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 189), waived the preliminary declaration 
 for persons in military service and permitted them to take the oath before 
 officers. These oaths were transmitted to the clerks of the district courts 
 for recording and indexing. 
 
 An act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 157), to secure 
 copyrights to authors and composers gave to district courts original cog¬ 
 nizance of all actions, suits, controversies, and cases arising under the 
 law. Persons seeking a copyright were required to deposit the title of the 
 work in the clerk’s office of the district court of the district in which that 
 proprietor resided and within 3 months to deposit a copy of the work itself. 
 
 In 1870 the U.S. Congress assigned the administration of copyright 
 laws to the Library of Congress and directed that copyright records in the 
 Department of the Interior and the registers of clerks of district courts be 
 transferred to the Library. Some of the registers transferred contain en¬ 
 tries relating to Confederate copyrights, and these are referred to in the 
 
38 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 sections on the courts below. Not all Confederate district courts kept 
 separate registers of copyrights, however, and information regarding copy¬ 
 rights can sometimes be found in other court records. The registers of 
 copyrights that were transferred to the Library of Congress are now in its 
 Rare Book Room. 
 
 U.S. Library of Congress, District Courts Covering the Period 
 Records in the Copyright Office 1790-1870, comp, by Martin A . 
 
 Deposited by the United States Roberts (Washington, 1939). 
 
 Another act of May 21, 1861 (Prov Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 136), to estab¬ 
 lish a Patent Office and provide for *'the granting and issue of patents for 
 new and useful discoveries, inventions, improvements, and designs, " 
 vested in the district courts original cognizance over all actions, suits, 
 controversies, and cases arising under that act. 
 
 The judges, who were appointed under the Provisional Constitution 
 for terms that lasted only as long as the Provisional Government, held 
 office under the Permanent Constitution ’’during good behavior. ” A mar¬ 
 shal and a district attorney were appointed by the President for terms of 4 
 years. They were recommended by the Attorney General and confirmed by 
 the Provisional Congress or the Senate. The judge appointed one or more 
 clerks, a crier, a commissioner, and, when necessary, a substitute attor¬ 
 ney. Any district attorney who desired to enter military service could 
 appoint an attorney to serve during his absence. The marshal appointed a 
 deputy marshal and a bailiff to attend the grand and petit juries. The mar¬ 
 shal, the clerk, and the receiver appointed under the sequestration acts 
 were required to give bond. 
 
 The officials of the courts performed varied duties. As administra¬ 
 tive officer of the court, the marshal proclaimed the opening of sessions 
 of the court, provided for its needs, served writs, executed its precepts, 
 handled the sale of property, and took charge of civil prisoners and con¬ 
 victs. When no State or local prison was available he rented a suitable 
 place for the confinement of prisoners. The marshal also attended to the 
 deportation of alien enemies, prevented the illegal exportation of cotton, 
 and had custody of and handled the sale of prizes. The district attorney 
 prosecuted cases for the Government, represented the Confederate States 
 in State courts, drafted indictments, collected moneys, prepared opinions 
 on land titles and reports on local matters for executive officers, and at¬ 
 tended the hearing of matters referred to masters or commissioners. 
 
 The commissioners administered oaths, took acknowledgments and depo¬ 
 sitions, issued warrants of arrest against offenders for crimes against the 
 Confederate States, and committed offenders to prison or admitted them to 
 bail. The clerks kept the court’s records, issued writs and subpenas, and 
 swore in bailiffs, criers, and jurors. 
 
 The costs and fees established for marshals and clerks were the same 
 as those allowed by State law for the officers on the highest court of orig¬ 
 inal jurisdiction. The Attorney General recommended in his report of Feb. 
 26, 1862, that legislation be adopted to make fees uniform in order to en¬ 
 courage adequate compensation. An act of Apr. 19, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. 
 Stat. 41), required district attorneys, clerks, and marshals to make to the 
 Attorney General semiannual returns of fees and emoluments received, 
 distinguishing those received under the sequestration acts from those re¬ 
 ceived for other services. District attorneys and marshals were not to 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 39 
 
 retain more than $5,000 above expenses, and clerks, not more than $4,000; 
 surplus fees were to be paid into the Treasury. 
 
 Acts of Aug. 30, 1861, and Feb. 15, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 201, 260), provided for the sequestration of alien-enemy property and cred¬ 
 its within the Confederate States; it was declared to be the duty of every Con¬ 
 federate citizen to supply information regarding such property. Attorneys, 
 agents, former partners, or trustees holding or controlling lands, goods, 
 or credits, or any interest in them, were required to render accounts to 
 the receivers and to place the property in their hands. Grand juries were 
 to inquire into and report upon alien-enemy property within their districts. 
 
 The administration of the act fell chiefly upon receivers appointed by 
 district judges. In most States, because of the volume of business invol¬ 
 ved, the judges had to divide the districts or divisions into a number of 
 receivers’ districts and appoint receivers in each. The receivers had to 
 give bond and take an oath to perform ’’diligently, well and truly” the duties 
 of their offices. Receivers took possession of alien-enemy property, 
 transported it when necessary, had it guarded, advertised it for sale, and 
 conducted auction sales. When a receiver was unable to obtain possession 
 of property by other means, he petitioned the district court to sequester it. 
 
 A notice was then issued with a copy of the petition to the person holding 
 the property, and the case was docketed for trial. Receivers were allowed 
 fees and expenses up to $5,000; any surplus was to be paid into the 
 Treasury. 
 
 A clerk of the court, at the request of a receiver, issued writs of 
 garnishment ordering persons to appear in court to explain under oath 
 what property or funds of alien enemies they had in their control or what 
 sums they owed alien enemies. The court could condemn the property, 
 funds, or debts and have other persons involved brought into court to tes¬ 
 tify. If a receiver filed a statement claiming that the garnishee had not 
 answered truthfully, the court could cause an issue to be made between the 
 receiver and the garnishee and render judgment. In litigated cases the re¬ 
 ceiver could propound interrogatories to the adverse party. 
 
 The receivers rendered semiannual accounts showing collections and 
 disbursements for each case, thus providing a record of the transactions 
 regarding each alien enemy’s property. The court could also require an 
 account while litigation was pending. Clerks of courts recorded statements 
 of accounts of receivers and forwarded copies to the Treasurer of the Con¬ 
 federate States. The district attorney also had to handle the settlement of 
 sequestration matters. The act of Feb. 15, 1862, authorized judges to 
 appoint attorneys in sections where no Confederate attorney resided to 
 attend to duties imposed by the sequestration act. 
 
 The principal business of Confederate district courts after the latter 
 part of 1861 was the sequestration of alien-enemy property. Thousands of 
 cases were handled. The South had long made extensive purchases in the 
 North and was heavily indebted to northern merchants; similarly, much 
 property in the South was owned by northerners. The funds derived from 
 sequestration cases amounted to millions of dollars. Under the Aug. 30, 
 1861, act, these funds were used for the general purposes of the Government. 
 The Feb. 15, 1862, act set the money aside for use in indemnifying Confed¬ 
 erates for losses resulting from U.S. confiscation acts. Its use was later 
 extended to cover losses from hostile operations in the South. 
 
 Under the provisions of a U. S. act of July 17, 1862 (12 Stat. 590), 
 which rendered all conveyances of real estate by the Confederate 
 
40 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 Government null and void, original owners of land and buildings recovered 
 their property after the war. 
 
 The Confederate courts continued to create the same types of records 
 as those created by the U.S. courts, which had inherited their records 
 systems from the English colonies. They often used the same record books 
 that had been used by the U.S. courts, either beginning a new page with the 
 heading ’’Confederate States of America” or substituting ’’Confederate”for 
 ’’United. ” 
 
 The courts accumulated minute books, dockets, case files, and ac¬ 
 count books. Most useful for research purposes are the minute books con¬ 
 taining data on court sessions and on such matters as the appointment and 
 installation of officers, commissions, bonds, oaths, names of attorneys 
 admitted, names of jurors drawn and impaneled, rules adopted, interro¬ 
 gatories served, declarations of intention to become citizens, and natural¬ 
 ization orders. The minute books also contain information about the cases 
 tried and their disposition (including texts of orders, motions, decrees, 
 and jury verdicts) and sequestration receivers' accounts. Sometimes sep¬ 
 arate order books were kept. When required by the volume of business, 
 special minute books for admiralty, sequestration, and garnishment cases 
 were maintained. Admiralty minutes contain rules for taking testimony, 
 items of interrogatories, appointments and oaths of prize commissioners, 
 motions, orders, decrees, and information concerning the activities of 
 Confederate privateers and the U. S. vessels captured by them and by Con¬ 
 federate and State naval vessels. 
 
 Dockets contain brief chronological records of papers filed and ac¬ 
 tions taken. They usually cover all categories of cases, but some districts 
 used special sequestration and garnishment dockets. Dockets show the 
 number of the case, names of attorneys, style or title of the case, type of 
 case, actions, and final disposition. Judgment dockets contain a record of 
 judgments entered. Execution dockets record all executions (or orders to 
 carry out judgments) sued out or pending in the marshal's or receiver's 
 office and show case number and style, names of attorneys, date issued, 
 amount of judgment, court costs, attorneys’ fees, and marshal's returns. 
 Less frequently used were motion, bar, and trial dockets. 
 
 The most voluminous case files among the Confederate archives are 
 those of sequestration cases covering the seizure of alien-enemy property 
 and debts. These files consist of receivers' petitions to sequester proper¬ 
 ty or debts, summonses to appear in court, respondents' answers to re¬ 
 ceivers' petitions, writs of garnishment with the receivers' interrogato¬ 
 ries, garnishees' answers to interrogatories with schedules of debts, 
 receivers' petitions for and reports on the sale of property, court orders 
 for receivers to take possession of property, respondents' affidavits re¬ 
 garding their interest in property, subpenas, bail bonds, exhibits, corre¬ 
 spondence, schedules of writs of garnishment and petitions for sequestra¬ 
 tion served by deputy marshals, orders for the settlement of receivers' 
 accounts, receivers' returns of moneys received and expended, decrees, 
 papers regarding the settlement of estates, administrators' accounts, 
 deeds to land, clerks' bills for preparing documents, and marshals'bonds 
 for personal appearances. 
 
 Admiralty cases tried by district courts concerned prize vessels 
 captured by Confederate privateers and by Confederate and State naval 
 vessels. The Confederate courts followed U.S. procedures in libeling 
 captured ships and their cargoes. The case files include libels setting 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 41 
 
 forth the circumstances of the captures; orders to marshals to take pos¬ 
 session of vessels and their tackle; testimony taken by prize commission¬ 
 ers; court orders; answers of interveners; affidavits; prize commission¬ 
 ers' reports and orders; orders of sale, release, and dismissal of libel; 
 libelants' objections to the appointment of appraisers; stipulations for pay¬ 
 ment of cost and for the delivery of libeled vessels; and statements of the 
 claims of other persons having an interest in libeled vessels. 
 
 Criminal case files of Confederate district courts contain grand-jury 
 indictments, affidavits setting forth circumstances of cases, affidavits of 
 sureties, orders to marshals to take custody of witnesses, depositions, 
 writs of arrest, bonds, court orders, decrees, warrants of arrest, demur¬ 
 rers, notices to marshals to serve jurors, subpenas, orders of release on 
 bail bond issued to marshals, bail bonds, jury venires, and pleas in abate¬ 
 ment in treason cases. 
 
 Habeas corpus cases in Confederate district courts resulted from 
 efforts of men to be released from military service particularly under the 
 conscription acts, and from imprisonment for espionage and desertion. 
 
 The case files contain petitions for writs of habeas corpus from persons 
 claiming to be illegally held by enrolling or other military officers, copies 
 of writs of habeas corpus directing enrolling officers to bring men before 
 the court, orders to marshals directing the delivery of writs of habeas 
 corpus, subpenas issued to military officers, answers of enrolling and 
 other military officers, answers of respondents, and motions for judgment 
 of costs against the defendants. 
 
 The transition from U.S. district court to Confederate district court 
 was effected smoothly. Personnel of the old courts were usually retained 
 by the new. The Confederate courts took over the criminal dockets of the 
 U.S. courts, tried persons who had been indicted, and imprisoned those 
 convicted. Judgments of the predecessor district courts were executed 
 except those rendered in favor of the United States. The courts and the 
 Department of Justice, adhering to the doctrine of stare decisis, continued 
 to accept applicable decisions and opinions of ante bellum days. Because 
 of the interruptions of war, a considerable part of the inherited dockets 
 were carried over and continued after the war. 
 
 State courts also passed upon the constitutionality of acts of the Con¬ 
 federate Congress and assumed jurisdiction of suits arising under Confed¬ 
 erate laws. The State courts claimed concurrent jurisdiction over all 
 questions cognizable in Confederate courts when not prohibited by law. 
 
 The State supreme courts upheld the constitutionality of the conscription 
 act of Apr. 16, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 29), on the grounds that it was 
 within the war powers of Congress. These courts also heard questions on 
 whether men in the militia and reserve organizations of the States could be 
 conscripted, and they challenged the power of the Secretary of War to in¬ 
 terpret the conscription law. In a case before the North Carolina Supreme 
 Court, in which the Confederate Government was represented by counsel, 
 the court decided that it was within its jurisdiction to interpret the con¬ 
 scription law and to release persons who appeared to be unlawfully held. 
 
 The Confederate Government acceded, and the North Carolina courts shared 
 concurrent jurisdiction in issuing writs of habeas corpus inquiring into the 
 detention of conscripts by Confederate officers. Other State courts took 
 the same position and also issued writs. After the adoption of the second 
 conscription act of Sept. 27, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 61), providing for 
 the conscription of white males between the ages of 35 and 45, the 
 
42 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 principals who had obtained substitutes went to court alleging violation of 
 contract by the Confederate Government. The courts generally held that 
 the Secretary of War had power, under the discretionary authority confer¬ 
 red upon him by Congress, to conscript the principals. The principals 
 again went to court, but without success, after Congress abolished substi¬ 
 tution by an act of Dec. 28, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 172). Other suits 
 in State courts concerned persons interfering with conscription, aiding 
 and abetting desertion, trading with the enemy, making unlawful impress¬ 
 
 ments, and violating emergency laws 
 
 Information from William M. 
 Robinson, Jr., Justice in Grey; a 
 History of the Judicial System of 
 the Confederate States of America 
 (Cambridge, Mass., 1941) has been 
 
 used throughout this chapter. In¬ 
 formation about the Confederate 
 district court records in the custo¬ 
 dy of the U.S. district courts is in 
 the Survey of Federal Archives, 
 Inventory of Federal Archives in 
 the States, Series II, the Federal 
 Courts . Among the Records of the 
 Work Projects Administration (Re¬ 
 cord Group 69) in the National Ar¬ 
 chives is a "Special Report on the 
 Location of Confederate Court Re¬ 
 cords Found by the Survey of Fed¬ 
 eral Archives. " The Federal Re¬ 
 cords Centers now having custody 
 
 Alabama 
 
 prohibiting the sale of liquor. 
 
 of most of the Confederate district 
 court records supplied lists of them 
 for use in this Guide . 
 
 The decisions of Confederate 
 district courts were not published 
 except occasionally in pamphlet form 
 and in newspapers. A list of pub¬ 
 lished reports on State supreme 
 court cases for the war period is in 
 Robinson, Justice in Gre y, p. 635- 
 639. Information about other State 
 court records is in Old Law Natural¬ 
 ization Record Project, Mississippi, 
 Index to Naturalization Records, Mis ¬ 
 sissippi Courts, 1798-1906 (Jackson, 
 1942), and U.S. Work Projects Ad¬ 
 ministration, Arkansas, Index to 
 Naturalization Records in Arkansas, 
 1809-1906 (Little Rock, 1942). 
 
 The Southern, Middle, and Northern Districts that had existed in 
 Alabama under U.S. law became divisions in the Confederate judiciary 
 system. William G. Jones, who had resigned as U.S. judge earlier in the 
 year, was commissioned as Confederate Judge of the district of Alabama. 
 His order of Apr. 4, 1861, directed that regular terms of the court for the 
 Southern Division were to be held in June and December in Mobile; for the 
 Middle Division, in May and November in Montgomery; and for the North¬ 
 ern Division, in May and November in Huntsville. At a special term of the 
 court for the Southern Division in Mobile in April 1861, the court was or¬ 
 ganized and an admiralty case was considered. Benjamin Pattison, who 
 had become marshal in 1861, died and was succeeded in Jan. 1864 by Robert 
 W. Coltart. John A. Cuthbert was reappointed as clerk and served prob¬ 
 ably throughout the war. A. J. Requier was the district attorney. During 
 the war the court for the Southern Division held lengthy sessions not only 
 at the regular times but at special terms when sequestration and garnish¬ 
 ment, and some admiralty and criminal, cases were handled. At a special 
 term in the fall of 1861, the division was divided into three districts that 
 were placed in charge of Sequestration Receivers J. Little Smith, Decatur 
 C. Anderson, and J. T. Lomax. Lomax was later replaced by George G. 
 Lyon. Other special terms for admiralty cases were held in Apr. 1863 and 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 43 
 
 Sept. 1864. 
 
 Less is known about court terms in the Middle and Northern Divi¬ 
 sions, for few records remain. The main business of the court at Hunts¬ 
 ville, where the first session was held in Nov. 1861, consisted of garnish¬ 
 ment and sequestration cases. After a lapse in 1862 when U.S. troops 
 occupied the town, sessions were resumed in Jan. 1863. Sequestration 
 receivers in the Northern Division were John Malone and Zebulon P. Davis. 
 Existing records show that the court for the Middle Division at Montgomery 
 was also chiefly concerned with sequestration cases. Sequestration re¬ 
 ceivers in that division were Jefferson Buford, Joseph R. John, William 
 W. Knox, William H. Martin, P. Tucker Sayre, and Daniel M. Seals. 
 
 Record Group 21. —The records of the Confederate District Court 
 for the Southern Division of Alabama at Mobile were transferred from the 
 U.S. District Court at Mobile to the Federal Records Center at East Point, 
 Ga., in 1953. A minute book, Apr. 18, 1861-Jan. 13, 1865 (1 vol.), is con¬ 
 tinued for Jan. 1-16, Mar. 6-9, Mar. 12, and Mar. 20, 1865, in the minute 
 book of the U.S. Circuit Court, 1859-61, 1865-66 (p. 69-77). Separate 
 docket books cover admiralty cases, 1861-63, chancery cases, 1861-65, 
 garnishment cases, 1861-65, and sequestration cases, Dec. 1862-July 1863 
 (the last docket is part of a U.S. Circuit Court chancery docket, 1839-60 
 and 1865-66). A trial docket for Apr. 1861-June 1863 contains a record of 
 admiralty, criminal, equity, law, garnishment, and sequestration cases. 
 
 A writ docket for May 1861-June 1864 is mostly a record of writs of garnish¬ 
 ment issued and sequestration petitions filed. An execution docket of 
 sequestration cases, Apr. 1861-Mar. 1865, contains a record of judgments 
 to be executed and an alphabetical index. 
 
 Documents relating to cases are in both case files and in volumes. 
 
 The case files for 1861-65 (1 ft.) consist largely of sequestration and gar¬ 
 nishment proceedings, but include some law, equity, criminal, habeas 
 corpus, and admiralty cases. A record of garnishment and sequestration 
 cases for May 1861-Jan. 1865 (1 vol.) contains copies of documents, such 
 as writs of garnishment, garnishees’ answers, petitions for sequestration, 
 pleas, notices of trials, litigants’ bonds, orders, decrees, and marshals’ 
 returns. In another volume, Apr. 22, 1861-Apr. 17, 1865, are copies of 
 documents in admiralty, equity, criminal, sequestration, and garnishment 
 cases; also included are the titles of works deposited for copyright. 
 
 Naturalization proceedings, 1861-62, are on p. 54-209 of a volume of 
 declaration of intention, 1855-1929. Other naturalization proceedings are 
 recorded in the minute book. 
 
 In the center at East Point there is only one record book of the Con¬ 
 federate District Court for the Middle Division of Alabama at Montgomery. 
 This is a garnishment docket, Nov. 1862-May 1863, containing a record of 
 cases involving the seizure of alien-enemy property and showing the names 
 of garnishees, alien enemies, amounts owed them, attorneys and receiver 
 concerned, and the kinds of property seized. The docket also contains a 
 record of alien-enemy property received for the period Sept. 27, 1861-Jan. 
 25, 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --In 1913 the Manuscript Division of the 
 Library of Congress received from the U.S. District Court of the North¬ 
 ern District of Alabama two record books of the Confederate District 
 Court for the Northern Division of Alabama. A judgment docket shows 
 court costs for Confederate Government cases in which judgments were 
 rendered and contains notations regarding the dismissal of other cases for 
 
44 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 the Jan. 1863 term. A trial docket, May 1861-May 1863, contains entries 
 for a few cases carried over from the U.S. court, but most were garnish¬ 
 ment cases: 287 for the Nov. 1861 term, 561 for the Jan. 1863 term, and 
 593 for the May 1863 term. 
 
 Some entries for copyrights inson, ’’Confederate Copyright En- 
 registered by the Confederate Dis- tries, ” William and Mary College 
 trict Court for the Southern Division Quarterly, 16:248-266 (Apr. 1936). 
 of Alabama are in Raymond V. Rob- 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 An act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 152), divided Ar¬ 
 kansas into Eastern and Western Districts with the limits and boundaries 
 previously established by U.S. law. The seats of these districts were 
 Little Rock and Van Buren. Daniel Ringo resigned his commission as Fed¬ 
 eral district judge and on May 21. 1861, was confirmed as the Confederate 
 judge. Charles E. Jordan became district attorney for the Eastern Dis¬ 
 trict in May 1861 and was succeeded in Dec. 1861 by William M. Randolph. 
 Randolph was removed for disloyalty and was succeeded by James H. Pat¬ 
 terson in June 1864. John G. Halliburton was the marshal for that district 
 from May 1861, and A. H. Rutherford was the sequestration receiver. The 
 Senate confirmed Granville Wilcox as district attorney and James M. Brown 
 as marshal of the Western District on May 21, 1861, and reconfirmed 
 them on Apr. 11, 1862. Federal forces occupied Van Buren on Dec. 28. 
 
 1862, and Little Rock on Sept. 10, 1863, forcing the retirement of the State 
 government to Washington in the southwestern part of the State. The dis¬ 
 trict court probably met there or elsewhere south of the Arkansas River, 
 but little is known of its activities. 
 
 No records of the Confederate courts for the Arkansas districts have 
 been found. 
 
 Florida 
 
 Confederate judges replaced the U.S. judges who had served in the 
 Northern and Southern Districts of Florida. Jesse J. Finley was confirmed 
 as judge on Mar. 16, 1861, and presided over sessions of the court that 
 were held in the old Northern District. James D. Westcott, Jr.. became 
 clerk at Tallahassee on May 14, 1861. Although Robert H. M. Davidson 
 was confirmed as district attorney on May 21, 1861, there is no evidence 
 that he served, and Chandler C. Yonge was commissioned as district at¬ 
 torney on Aug. 13, 1861. Elias E. Blackburn was nominated as marshal in 
 Apr. 1861 but was not confirmed and commissioned until Apr. 1862. Judge 
 Finley entered the Army and was succeeded in Apr. 1862 by George S. 
 Hawkins, who remained district judge until the end of the war. After 
 Yonge’s resignation, James F. McClellan was confirmed as district attor¬ 
 ney on Mar. 6, 1865. 
 
 Northern Florida or the ’’Northern District, ” as the minute books 
 continued to refer to it, was divided into several divisions for the admin¬ 
 istration of justice. Sessions of the Middle Division were held at Marianna 
 in Sept. 1861, at Tallahassee in Nov. 1861, at Madison in Sept. 1862, and 
 again at Tallahassee in Oct. 1862, June and Nov. 1863, July and Oct. 1864, 
 and Jan. and Mar. 1865. The business of this court was largely seques- 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 45 
 
 tration cases. Judge Finley and later Judge Hawkins presided over the 
 sessions in the different divisions; an order of the court of Jan. 24 , 1862, 
 prescribed regular terms for the Western Division at Pensacola in April, 
 for the Apalachicola Division at Apalachicola in May, for the Middle Divi¬ 
 sion at Tallahassee in June, and for the Eastern Division at St. Augustine 
 in July. Special terms were sometimes ordered by the court. Hugh A. 
 Corley was appointed deputy clerk for the Middle Division in July 1861, but 
 Charles H. Fisher became the clerk at Tallahassee in Nov. 1861. On Sept. 
 25, 1861, Judge Finley appointed John Beard and Barton C. Pope seques¬ 
 tration receivers for the Middle Division. In Nov. 1861 Hugh Corley be¬ 
 came deputy district attorney and John H.^ Rhodes became deputy marshal 
 for the Middle Division. 
 
 Most active of the divisions was the Apalachicola Division. The 
 court met at Apalachicola in Sept. 1861 and Jan. 1862, but after the arrival 
 there of U.S. naval forces sessions were held at Marianna. The bulk of 
 the business was sequestration and garnishment cases, although the initial 
 session was concerned with prize cases and, during the July 1864 term, 
 cases involving aid to deserters. Samuel W. Spencer and, later, Joseph 
 May served as clerks. Deputy district attorneys were J. F. McClellan 
 and William E. Anderson, and in 1864 the deputy marshal was J. L. Wilson. 
 Before his appointment as judge, George S. Hawkins served as sequestra¬ 
 tion receiver in this division; he was succeeded as receiver by G. F. 
 Baltzell, Some prize cases were tried during a term of court in the East¬ 
 ern Division at St. Augustine in Oct. 1861, but repeated Federal incursions 
 in northeastern Florida after 1862 terminated Confederate judicial activi¬ 
 ties there. The court for the Western Division was organized at Pensacola 
 in May 1861, when Maxcimo P. de Rioboo was appointed the deputy clerk 
 and the commissioner; and C. C. Yonge, the deputy district attorney. 
 Sessions held at Pensacola until late 1864 were concerned primarily with 
 sequestration and garnishment cases. The sequestration receivers in the 
 Eastern Division were R. R. B. Hodgson and George R. Foster, and, in 
 the Western Division, George G. McWhorter. 
 
 An act of Mar. 11, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 60), authorized a 
 court of admiralty at Key West, and on Mar. 16, 1861, McQueen McIntosh, 
 who had been U.S. judge of the Northern District of Florida, was confirmed 
 as judge of the admiralty court. When he arrived in Key West in May, he 
 found the U.S. Army in control, and after a courtesy call on Judge William 
 Marvin, who had remained loyal to the United States, he departed. The 
 United States continued in control of Key West and no Confederate court 
 was established there. 
 
 Record Group 21 . --Records of the Confederate District Court in 
 Florida were transferred in 1953 by the U.S. District Court at Tallahassee 
 to the Federal Records Center at East Point, Ga. The records of the 
 Middle Division include a minute book. May 14, 1861-Mar. 20. 1865 (part 
 of a volume covering 1858-61 and 1867-68); a judgment docket, Dec. 15, 1862- 
 Mar. 21, 1864 (part of a volume for the period 1849-68); an execution docket, 
 Nov. 1861-Oct. 1864; a garnishment docket, 1861-62 (part of the last page 
 of a volume for the years 1847-60); an order book, 1862-65, containing 
 orders for the appointment of sequestration receivers and their oaths of 
 office, bonds, and accounts. The minute book includes accounts of John 
 Beard, the receiver, 1862-64. Also in this record group are correspond¬ 
 ence, accounts, and other records of Beard, the clerk’s account for the 
 July 1864 term, admissions of attorneys, and appointments, 1861-64. 
 
46 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 The records of the Apalachicola Division include a minute book, May 
 1861-Oct. 1864 (part of a book also used by the U.S. District Court, 1847- 
 60 and 1867), and a sequestration judgment docket. Dec. 1862-Mar. 1864. 
 
 A minute book of the court for the Western Division, Dec. 23, 1861-Oct. 25, 
 1864 (part of a book also used by the U.S. Circuit Court, 1846-1936), was 
 found by the Survey of Federal Archives among the U.S. District Court 
 records at Pensacola, but it was not among the records received by the 
 center in 1953. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The papers of Chandler C. Yonge in the 
 P. K. Yonge Library of the University of Florida contain answers to libels 
 against the owners of the prize schooners Basilde, Three Brothers , Olive 
 Branch , and Fanny . 
 
 Georgia 
 
 The two U.S. judicial districts in Georgia with seats at Savannah and 
 Marietta became the Southern and Northern Divisions under a single Con¬ 
 federate judge. Henry R. Jackson, a former State circuit judge, was 
 commissioned Confederate States judge in Mar. 1861. Judge Jackson re¬ 
 signed and became a brigadier general of the Provisional Army during the 
 summer, and Edward J. Harden was commissioned to succeed him on Aug. 
 13, 1861. The court for the Southern Division met at Savannah from 1861 
 until Dec. 1864, when it moved to Augusta. Charles S. Henry was the clerk. 
 John C. Nicoll served as district attorney from 1861 to 1863, William 
 Dougherty from Dec. 1863, and Henry Williams from Nov. 1864. Thomas 
 L. Ross, the marshal, was succeeded in Mar. 1863 by Philip A. Clayton. 
 
 In Sept. 1861 William C. Daniell became the sequestration receiver. 
 
 The court for the Northern Division met at Marietta from Nov. 1861 
 to Dec. 1862 and at Atlanta from Mar. 1863 to Mar. 1864. David Irvin 
 served as substitute district attorney of this court. The marshal designa¬ 
 ted William H. Dorsey as deputy for the Northern Division in Oct. 1861, 
 and in November appointed John G. Jacoway as another deputy. William 
 H. Hunt was the clerk. In Sept. 1861 James T. Nisbet was appointed 
 sequestration receiver. 
 
 The bulk of the business of the Georgia courts was sequestration 
 cases. The Savannah court also handled admiralty, equity, criminal, com¬ 
 mon law, and habeas corpus cases. 
 
 Warren Grice, ’’The Confed- Georgia Historical Quarterly , 9:131- 
 erate States Court for Georgia, " 156 (June 1925). 
 
 Record Group 21. — Records of the Confederate District Court in 
 Georgia were transferred to the Federal Records Center at East Point, 
 
 Ga., by the U.S. District Court at Savannah in 1954 and from the court at 
 Atlanta in 1952 and 1958. The records of the Confederate District Court 
 for the Southern Division at Savannah include a minute book. May 2, 1861- 
 May 22, 1862. Additional minutes for Aug. -Dec. 1861 are in a book con¬ 
 taining minutes of the U.S. district court, 1849-60, which also contains 
 some entries relating to the Northern Division. A record of the proceed¬ 
 ings of the court in admiralty cases is in an admiralty minute book, Aug. 
 
 22, 1861-Jan. 15, 1863. One issue and information docket of equity, crimi¬ 
 nal, habeas corpus, and admiralty cases, Jan. 1862-Nov. 1864, also con¬ 
 tains records of scire facias writs and claims (part of a judge's docket of 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 47 
 
 theU.S. Circuit Court for the Southern District of Georgia, 1859-61). A 
 briefer docket, June and Nov. 1861 (1 vol.), concerns cases transferred 
 from the U.S. Circuit Court for the Southern District of Georgia and gar¬ 
 nishment cases filed at the Nov. 1861 term. A fuller record of 2,037 
 garnishment cases is in a garnishment docket. Sept. 23, 1861-May 24, 1865 
 (2 vols.), for which there are alphabetical name indexes. The sequestra¬ 
 tion docket, Nov. 1861-Nov. 1862 and Aug. 1863-Nov. 1864 (2 vols.), is 
 incomplete; the second volume, for 1862-63, is missing. The execution 
 docket, Feb. 1862-Nov. 1864 (2 vols.), contains a record of judgments in 
 sequestration cases. 
 
 Other records of the Southern Division consist chiefly of case files. 
 These include sequestration and garnishment proceedings, 1861-64 (5 ft.), 
 and admiralty, criminal, and habeas corpus case files. In addition, there 
 are packets of orders, drafts of minutes, unfiled case papers, correspond¬ 
 ence, financial papers, emolument returns, marshal’s returns and accounts, 
 receiver's accounts, and receipts for 1861-65 (9 in.). 
 
 Available at the Federal Re- ventories of the Georgia district 
 cords Center are preliminary in- -court records in its custody. 
 
 Less extensive are the records of the Northern Division that were 
 transferred by the U.S. District Court at Atlanta to the Federal Records 
 Center at East Point in 1952. There are minute books for Dec. 11, 1861, to 
 Mar. 9, 1864 (2 vols. ), sequestration and garnishment dockets, Dec. 
 1861-Dec. 1863 (2 vols.), and sequestration and garnishment case files, 
 
 Dec. 1861-Dec. 1864 (1 ft.). There are also orders, accounts of sequestra¬ 
 tion sales, receiver’s accounts, oaths of commissioners, and powers of 
 attorney, 1862-64 (1 in.). 
 
 Record Group 365. --After the war the records in the custody of W. 
 
 C. Daniell, sequestration receiver for the Southern Division, were seized 
 by the U.S. provost marshal at Augusta and sent to the War Department in 
 Washington. The Georgia court records received by the Archive Office in 
 Dec. 1866 numbered 13 volumes and included journals, ledgers, dockets, 
 minute books, registers, and indexes. They were transferred in 1867 to 
 the Treasury Department, and a schedule listing them by their titles was 
 signed by the Secretary of the Treasury (Adjutant General’s Office, Letters 
 Received, 707 S 1866). 
 
 Six of these volumes are now in the National Archives in Record 
 Group 365, Treasury Department Collection of Confederate Records. A 
 sequestration receiver’s minute and account book. Sept. 1861-Jan. 1864 
 (1 vol.), contains returns of property of alien enemies and debts owed them, 
 W. C. Daniell’s accounts, a report on sales of bank and railroad stock at 
 auction, a list of bank and railroad stock sequestered, reports of moneys 
 received on sequestration judgments, a list of returns delivered to the 
 clerk, and monthly statements of receipts and payments of cash. The re¬ 
 ceiver’s docket of sequestration cases, Nov. 1861-June 1862 (1 vol.), con¬ 
 tains for each case the number, name of alien enemy or garnishee, nature 
 of action, county, and disposition. An alphabetical index to the docket is 
 in a separate volume. Returns of alien-enemy property submitted to the 
 receiver, Oct. 1861-June 1863 (2 vols.), give the names of the alienenemies 
 and the amounts of debts due or the value of other property owned. An 
 alphabetical name index is in a separate volume. Another volume (without 
 dates) contains returns of amounts of indebtedness to alien enemies, with 
 
48 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 an index in the front of the volume. Ledgers, Oct. 1861-Nov. 1864 (2 vols.), 
 contain accounts showing amounts due the Confederate States by alien en¬ 
 emies, their trustees and agents, and persons indebted to northerners; a 
 chronological record of amounts of interest received, Mar. 1862-Jan. 1864; 
 and a chronological record of costs, Dec. 1862-Dec. 1863. Alphabetical 
 name indexes are in the fronts of the latter two volumes. 
 
 National Archives, Prelim - of Confederate Records , comp, by 
 inary Inventory [No. 169] of the Carmelita S. Ryan (Washington, 
 
 Treasury Department Collection 1967). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Emory University Library has W. C. 
 DanieU’s account book. Sept. 1861-Nov. 1863, showing moneys received on 
 judgments in sequestration cases and expenditures made in connection 
 with the cases. The entries in the book show the names of the alien ene¬ 
 mies whose property was sequestered, names of garnishees, and dates 
 and amounts of judgments. The expenditures were for district attorneys’ 
 and marshals’ fees, insurance, freight, store rent, a guard on board ship, 
 advertising sequestration notices, jury fees, county taxes on land, clerks’ 
 services, and stationery. A letter book of Judge Harden, containing corre¬ 
 spondence, 1861-65, with judges of Confederate courts in Alabama, South 
 Carolina, and Florida, with attorneys, and with Assistant Attorney General 
 Wade Keyes, was deposited by the judge’s granddaughter in 1962 in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 The Rare Book Room of the Library of Congress has a register of 
 copyrights for the Southern Division of Georgia, Aug. 1, 1861-Mar. 30, 
 
 1865 (parts of two volumes also used by the U.S. district court, 1825-65 
 and 1845-63), and a register for the Northern Division, Oct. 9, 1861-May 
 16, 1864 (part of a volume also used by the U.S. district court, 1849-70). 
 
 Raymond V. Robinson, ”Con- liam and Mary College Quarterly, 
 federate Copyright Entries, ” Wil- 16:248-266 (Apr. 1936). 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 The former U. S. Eastern and Western Districts in Louisiana became 
 divisions under the Confederate judiciary system. When Louisiana seceded, 
 two Federal judges resigned. Passing over the former incumbents, Pres¬ 
 ident Davis appointed Edwin Warren Moise, a former attorney general of 
 Louisiana, as Confederate district judge. Moise presided over the court 
 in the Eastern Division, at New Orleans, handling civil, criminal, seques¬ 
 tration, and admiralty cases from May 1861 until Mar. 1862. Shortly after 
 that New Orleans fell to the enemy and it is unlikely that the court met 
 elsewhere in the Eastern Division. 
 
 In the Western Division the court had met at Alexandria, Opelousas, 
 and Monroe, but those towns were frequently in enemy hands during 1863 
 and 1864, and no records have survived to show whether Judge Moise held 
 court there or in Shreveport. In May 1861 Henry C. Miller was appointed 
 district attorney and Constantine B. Beverly was appointed marshal. 
 
 Frank P. Stubbs replaced Beverly in Nov. 1864. The fact that Henry A. G. 
 Battle of Shreveport was confirmed as marshal in Apr. 1863 and James O. 
 Fuqua in Jan. 1864 suggests that court terms may have been held in west¬ 
 ern Louisiana. Sequestration receivers at New Orleans were John M. 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 49 
 
 Huger and George W. Ward; at St. Joseph, James W. Collier; at Bastrop, 
 
 J. B. Matthews; at Clinton, John McVea; at Franklin, Robert N. McMillan; 
 at Shreveport, John J. Kline; and at Alexandria, Thomas C. Manning. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Records of the Confederate District 
 Court for the Eastern Division of Louisiana are in the custody of the U. S. Dis¬ 
 trict Court at New Orleans. These records include a docket, Oct. 1861- 
 Apr. 1862; a court-costs book; case files, 1861-66; and venires of grand 
 and petit juries, Nov. -Dec. 1861. In the Louisiana Historical Association 
 Collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane 
 University is a judgment docket, June 15, 1861-Feb. 12, 1862, containing 
 the texts of judgments rendered by Judge Moise in prize cases involving the 
 condemnation of vessels and their cargoes. A few documents relating to 
 sequestration cases, chiefly writs of garnishment, Oct. 1861-Jan. 1862, are 
 in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 In Mississippi the former U.S. Southern and Northern Districts with 
 seats at Jackson and Pontotoc, respectively, became divisions under the 
 Confederate judiciary system. In May 1861 Alexander M. Clayton, a Mem¬ 
 ber of the Confederate Congress from Mississippi and a former judge in 
 that State, was confirmed as district judge. Carnot Posey served as dis¬ 
 trict attorney by deputy from 1861 to 1864. Killed while serving in the army 
 in Virginia, he was succeeded by Robert Bowman. William H. H. Tison 
 was the marshal. The first open sessions of the court at Jackson and 
 Pontotoc were held in Aug. 1861. The court for the Northern Division moved 
 from Pontotoc to Holly Springs in Feb. 1862 and held terms there until 1864 
 despite the town’s intermittent occupation by the enemy. By an act of Feb. 
 13, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 260), the jurisdiction of Attala County 
 was transferred from the Northern to the Southern Division. After the 
 withdrawal of the Confederate forces from Jackson and the fall of Vicks¬ 
 burg in July 1863, the court for the Southern Division could no longer meet 
 in that area. The State Government moved to Macon in Noxubee County, 
 and to permit a session of the court to be held at Macon Congress trans¬ 
 ferred the jurisdiction of Noxubee County to the Southern Division in Feb. 
 1864. Judge Clayton set a term of the court for July, but not enough jurors 
 reached Macon; he then set the term for Oct. 1864. Sequestration receiv¬ 
 ers were B. C. Buckley, Robert A. Clark, Charles R. Crusoe, H. T. 
 
 Ellett, and John W. C. Watson. 
 
 Nannie M. Tillie, ed., "Let- Mississippi [Sept. 5, 1864], " Jour- 
 ter of Judge Alexander M. Clayton nal of Southern History , 6:396-401 
 Relative to Confederate Courts in (Aug. 1940). 
 
 Record Group 21. - -Some records of the Confederate District Court 
 of the Northern Division of Mississippi were received by the Federal Re¬ 
 cords Center at East Point, Ga., in 1954 from the U.S. District Court at 
 Oxford, Miss. These include an issue and appearance docket, Aug. 1861- 
 Apr, 1862 and 1864 (in a volume for 1857-68); an execution docket, Feb. 
 
 1862 term (in a volume for 1858-98); and a bar docket, Aug. 1861 term (in 
 a volume for 1858-82). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In 1913 the Manuscript Division of the 
 Library of Congress received from the U.S. District Court at Jackson 
 
50 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 a minute book of the Confederate District Court of the Northern Division of 
 Mississippi. It is a general minute book for the period Aug. 12, 1861-Apr. 
 
 5, 1865, and does not include sequestration cases. The copyright register for 
 the Southern Division is in the Rare Book Room of the Library of Congress. 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 The U.S. judicial districts of Pamlico, Cape Fear, and Albemarle, 
 with seats at New Bern, Wilmington, and Edenton, respectively, were re¬ 
 tained as divisions in the Confederate judiciary system. Asa Biggs re¬ 
 signed as Federal judge in Apr. 1861 and in June was appointed Confederate 
 judge for all the North Carolina divisions. In July he organized the Pamli¬ 
 co Division in a session at New Bern and began hearing admiralty cases 
 involving ships captured by Confederate privateers and North Carolina 
 State gunboats. George V. Strong was district attorney, Wesley Jones was 
 marshal, and William M. Watson was clerk. H. C. Jones was the prize 
 commissioner. Wesley Jones was succeeded as marshal in Nov. 1864 by 
 Pride Jones. Sequestration receivers appointed on Sept. 20, 1861, were 
 B. B. Banon, J. H. Carson, Edward Connigland, John W. Cunningham, J. 
 L. Holmes, H. C. Jones, A. A. McCoy, John Manning, W. W. Peebles, 
 David Schenck, Benjamin M. Selby, Henry B. Short, and C. N. White. 
 
 After the Union capture of Hatteras Inlet in Aug. 1861 and of Roanoke Island 
 and New Bern early in 1862 the Pamlico Division Court met at Goldsboro. 
 Sequestration cases were its chief business. 
 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., North Carolina, ” North Carolina 
 "Admiralty in 1861; the Confederate Historical Review, 17:132-138 (Apr. 
 States District Court for the Divi- 1940). 
 
 Sion of Pamlico of the District of 
 
 The first session in the Cape Fear Division was held at Wilmington 
 in Nov. 1861, but beginning in Feb. 1862 the sessions were held at Salis¬ 
 bury. John L. Cantwell was the first clerk; he was succeeded in June 1862 
 by Daniel M. Coleman, with William M. Coleman as deputy clerk. Man¬ 
 ger London, the district attorney, was succeeded in 1862 by A. A. McKay. 
 The deputy marshal was W. H. High, and Thomas W. Brown was prize 
 commissioner. The sequestration receivers were J. H. Carson, James 
 Calloway, DuBrutz Cutlar, Samuel L. Love, Darius F. Ramsour, David 
 Schenck, John J. Shover, and C. N. White. Admiralty, sequestration, 
 and garnishment cases were the business of the court. 
 
 Little information is available concerning the Albemarle Division, for 
 no records have been found. The seat of the court was probably moved 
 from Edenton to Halifax in 1862. An order in the minute book of the Cape 
 Fear Division dated Mar. 10, 1862, set a term of the court for Halifax for 
 the following May. Sequestration receivers who were probably attached to 
 this division included W. H. Bailey, L. M. Scott, L. D. Starke, and G. H. 
 Wilder. 
 
 Record Group 21. --In 1937 the National Archives received from the 
 North Carolina Department of Archives and History some records which it 
 had taken over from the U.S. District Court at Raleigh. These records are 
 now in the Washington National Records Center. Among them are the 
 minutes of the Confederate District Court, Pamlico Division, July 16-Sept. 
 20, 1861 (available on microfilm as M 436), concerning the organization of 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 51 
 
 the court at New Bern and its admiralty business, and minutes for the 
 period Nov. 24, 1862-Nov. 3, 1864, concerning sessions held at Goldsboro. 
 For the Nov. 1861 term at Goldsboro there is a brief trial docket covering civil, 
 admiralty, criminal, and equity cases. Other Pamlico Division records 
 were transferred in 1954 from the U.S. District Court at New Bern to the 
 Federal Records Center at East Point, Ga., and these include minute books 
 for 1861-65 (2 vols.), an admiralty record book, July 18-Sept. 18, 1861, an 
 appearance docket, 1861-65, and an execution docket, 1861-65. A trial 
 docket, 1861-65, contains a record of admiralty, jury, criminal, and se¬ 
 questration cases set for hearing. The Survey of Federal Archives special 
 report noted a record of copyrights, 1858-65, containing titles of some 
 Confederate publications. Although this record is now missing, photocopies 
 of certain titles are available in the North Carolina Department of Archives 
 and History. 
 
 Some records of the Cape Fear Division were among the records re¬ 
 ceived by the National Archives in 1950 from the U.S. District Court at 
 Wilmington that are now in the Washington National Records Center. They 
 include sequestration case files for 1861-64 (2 in.), writs of fieri faciasfor 
 1863-64 (3/4 in.) directing the marshal to enforce the payment of judgments 
 in sequestration cases, and a group of papers for 1861-64 (1 in.) including 
 case files of persons accused of harboring deserters, a mail robbery case, 
 a treason case, jury lists, subpenas, grand jury presentments, receivers’ 
 bonds, depositions, and bills for fees connected with court cases. These 
 records are available on microfilm as M 436. 
 
 Other records of the Cape Fear Division were transferred to the 
 Federal Records Center at East Point in 1954 by the U.S. District Court at 
 Wilmington. These include books also used by the U.S. District Court, 
 such as minutes for 1862-63 and admiralty minutes, record of cases, and 
 a trial docket for 1862-64. There are also sequestration, admiralty, and 
 criminal case files. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A letter from Judge Biggs to George V. Strong, 
 district attorney for the Pamlico Division, July 21, 1862, concerning 
 Strong’s compensation, is in the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records (Confederate Department of Justice records). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Pamlico Division sequestration case 
 files, 1861-65 (3,390 items), are in Duke University Library. A record of 
 copyright entries for the Pamlico Division is in the Rare Book Room of the 
 Library of Congress. 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 The former U.S. Eastern and Western Districts of South Carolina 
 became divisions under the Confederate judiciary system. Andrew G. 
 Magrath, who had been the U.S. judge, was appointed as Confederate dis¬ 
 trict judge. In Apr. 1861 he organized the district court at Charleston, 
 where privateers soon brought cases involving prize vessels and cargoes 
 for adjudication. The court met at Columbia in Dec. 1861 and at Greenville 
 in Feb. 1862 and during 1862-64 held sessions also at Charleston. Magrath 
 became governor of South Carolina in Dec. 1864 and was succeeded as 
 judge early in 1865 by Benjamin F. Perry. Serving as district attorney at 
 different times were Perry, James Conner, and C. Richardson Miles. 
 Daniel H. Hamilton was appointed marshal in May 1861. Sequestration re¬ 
 ceivers functioning throughout the State included James R. Aiken, John 
 
 IINIVERSID Ok 
 
 IILINOIS library 
 
52 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 Bauskett, John W. Caldwell, W. J. DeTreville, R. E. Fraser, E. P. Lake, 
 J. J. Ryan, John B. Sitton, John Y. Stock, and S. J. Townsend. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records contains material relating to the sequestration of alien-enemy 
 property in South Carolina. A minute book of sequestration proceedings, 
 Sept. 9, 1861-Dec. 16, 1864 (ch. X, vol. 210), contains verdicts of juries 
 on the citizenship of persons whose property was involved; statements of 
 cases; orders to marshals to seize alien-enemy property and deliver it to 
 receivers and to receivers to sell the property and submit accounts; orders 
 to continue cases; appointments of receivers; reports of receivers on sales; 
 circulars; and decisions. An index in the front of the book is arranged 
 alphabetically by name. A list of sequestration papers, 1861-63 (ch. X, 
 vol. 216), covers petitions and writs of garnishment, reports of debts and 
 property, and receivers’ reports. A clerk’s account book, 1861-64 (ch. 
 
 X, vol. 215), contains sequestration receivers’ accounts and accounts for 
 the sale of prize vessels and their cargoes. An account book of seques¬ 
 tered debts, 1861-64 (ch. X, vol. 212), gives the names of southern debtors 
 and northern creditors, the amounts owed, payments made to the receiver 
 in cash, and the proceeds of sales. Other books include a record of writs 
 of garnishment and sequestration petitions issued with amounts of money 
 received, 1861-62 (ch. X, vol. 218 1/2); docket of sequestration cases, 1862- 
 65 (ch. X, vols. 211, 213); alphabetical name index to writs of garnishment 
 (ch. X, vol. 218); alphabetical name index to sequestration decrees (ch. X, 
 vols. 213 1/2, 214); list of writs of garnishment and sequestration petitions 
 issued by the second receiver’s office, 1861-62 (ch. X, vol. 217); and ac¬ 
 counts of sequestration receivers, 1862-64 (ch. X, vol. 208). On loose 
 sheets in ch. X, vol. 214, is a trial balance of the cash ledger of Seques¬ 
 tration Receiver John Y. Stock, 1864. The sequestration case files, 1861- 
 62 (more than 9 ft.), include many cross-reference cards as well as orig¬ 
 inal papers. 
 
 No other records of the Confederate court in South Carolina have 
 been found. On May 7, 1862, after the declaration of martial law in 
 Charleston, the court moved to Columbia. Sessions were later held at 
 Charleston, but the records may have been left at Columbia and destroyed 
 when Columbia was burned in Feb. 1865. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 After Tennessee joined the Confederacy in July 1861, the former U. S. 
 judicial districts (Eastern, Middle, and Western) became divisions of 
 the District of Tennessee under the Confederate judiciary system. West 
 H. Humphreys, who had been U.S. district judge, was appointed Confed¬ 
 erate judge. He opened court in the Eastern Division at Knoxville in Sept. 
 1861 and held the prescribed terms in October for the Middle and Western 
 Divisions at Nashville and Jackson, respectively. John C. Ramsey served 
 as district attorney and Jesse B. Clements as marshal during 1861-62. In 
 Sept. 1861 William G. McAdoo was appointed clerk and William H. Crouch 
 was appointed deputy marshal of the Eastern Division. 
 
 An act of Dec. 12, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 224), reestab¬ 
 lished the three divisions as independent judicial districts under a single 
 judge. Early in 1862 B. M. Estes became district attorney and W. W. 
 Gates, William H. Crouch, and Jesse B. Clements became marshals of 
 the Western, Eastern, and Middle Districts, respectively. On Mar. 29, 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 53 
 
 1862, Jesse G. Wallace was confirmed as district attorney of the Eastern 
 District. John L. Sehon became district attorney of the Middle District in 
 
 1863. Sequestration receivers appointed on Sept. 23, 1861, were William 
 A. Branner, Landon C. Haynes, Charles M. McGhee, Joseph A. Mabry, 
 and Thomas L. Powell. Others who served later included T. J. Campbell, 
 Sterling Cockrill, Matthew T. Haynes, and Howell E. Jackson. 
 
 In the Eastern District, Judge Humphreys held terms of court at 
 Knoxville until July 27, 1863, and considered treason, sequestration, 
 garnishment, espionage, habeas corpus, and criminal cases. By Septem¬ 
 ber of that year Confederate court sessions had ceased in Tennessee. 
 
 Record Group 21. - -Records of the Confederate District Court for the 
 Eastern District of Tennessee (Knoxville) in the Federal Records Center 
 at East Point, Ga., include a minute book. Sept. 6, 1861-July 27, 1863 
 (part of a book also used by the U.S. district court, 1852-60); an index of 
 minutes; and a docket of sequestration cases. In the Washington National 
 Records Center is a trial docket of the court for the Middle District, Oct. 
 1861-May 1862, showing the names of parties, nature of cases, and their 
 disposition. This docket had been left in Nashville when the Confederates 
 withdrew in Feb. 1862 and was subpenaed by the U.S. Senate’s High Court 
 of Impeachment in June 1862 for use in the trial of Judge Humphreys (in 
 absentia). It remained with the records of the Senate until it was reallo¬ 
 cated to Record Group 21 after the transfer of the Senate records to the 
 National Archives. No other records of the Confederate court in Tennessee 
 have been found. 
 
 Texas 
 
 Texas was initially considered to be a single judicial district, but 
 an act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 127), divided the State 
 into two judicial districts: a Western District composed of Matagorda, 
 Wharton, Colorado, Fayette, Washington, Burelson, Milam, Falls, Mc- 
 Lellan, Hill, Johnson, Tarrant, Wise, and Montague Counties and all 
 territory west of them; and an Eastern District consisting of the rest of 
 Texas. Officials to be appointed for the Western District were to hold 
 terms twice a year at Austin and Brownsville. Thomas J. Devine was 
 judge, John C. West was the district attorney, and John R. Jefferson was 
 marshal of the Western District. William P. Hill and George Mason were 
 judge and district attorney, respectively, for the Eastern District, and 
 William T. Austin became marshal. 
 
 Judge Hill organized the court for the Eastern District at Galveston 
 in July 1861. He and Mason were reconfirmed in their positions in Apr. 
 1862, and James W. Mosely became marshal of the Eastern District. 
 Marcus F. Mott served as clerk. Sequestration receivers in the Eastern 
 District were William P. Ballinger, Harris T. Garnett, Medicus A. Long, 
 John McCreary, James M. Maxcy, and Trenton A. Patillo. An act of 
 Sept. 30,1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 65), transferred the counties of Mata¬ 
 gorda, Wharton, Colorado, Washington, and Burleson to the Eastern Dis¬ 
 trict and provided for the appointment of a marshal for the Eastern District 
 for the court at Galveston who was also to serve the court held at Tyler. 
 
 In Oct. 1862 William T. Austin was confirmed as marshal for the court 
 held at Galveston. James Masterson and W. B. Botts were appointed dep¬ 
 uty clerks in the Eastern District. From its exposed seat at Galveston the 
 court moved in Jan. 1862 to Houston, where sessions were held that year 
 
54 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 and later. After the recapture of Galveston on Jan. 1, 1863, the court again 
 met there, and it also met at Tyler. The court for the Eastern District 
 adjudicated admiralty, sequestration, garnishment, criminal, and habeas 
 corpus cases. 
 
 The court for the Western District met at Brownsville in the fall of 
 1861 and at Austin in Jan. 1862. Judge Devine organized the court at Austin 
 and appointed George Braine as clerk. An act of May 1, 1863 (1 Cong. C. 
 
 S. A. Stat. 160), authorized the removal of the court from Brownsville to 
 Corpus Christi. In Nov. 1863 U. S. forces captured both towns, and the 
 judge moved the court inland to Gonzales. Sequestration receivers in the 
 Western District were J. D. Giddings, W. S. Glass, John A. Green, M. 
 
 O. Green, John Ireland, J. L. L. McCall, John S. McCampbell, Nestor 
 Maxah, William Milburn, Thomas Moore, William R. Reagan, J. C. 
 Rushing, Junius W. Smith, and James A. Ware. 
 
 JohnN. Cravens, James Harper 
 Starr: Financier of the Republic of 
 Texas, p. 130-135 (Austin, 1950): 
 
 T. R. Havins, "Administration of 
 the Sequestration Act in the Con¬ 
 federate District Court for the 
 Western District of Texas, 1862- 
 
 1865, " Southwestern Historical 
 Quarterly , 43: 295-322 (Jan. 1940); 
 Nowlin Randolph, "Judge William 
 Pinckney Hill Aids the Confederate 
 War Effort, " Southwestern Histori¬ 
 cal Quarterly, 68:14-28 (July 1964). 
 
 Record Group 365. --Records of the Confederate District Court for 
 the Eastern District of Texas are among the Treasury Department Collec¬ 
 tion of Confederate Records. Admiralty case files, July 1861-May 1865 
 (3 in.), contain numerically arranged papers relating to prize vessels and 
 to the payment of wages to seamen and payments for supplies. There are 
 records of criminal and habeas corpus cases for Mar. 1862-May 1865 (4 
 in.). 
 
 Papers relating to sequestration cases are in several files. Seques¬ 
 tration case files, Nov. 1862-May 1865 (1 ft. 3 in.), are arranged numer¬ 
 ically. A file of petitions for writs of garnishment against alien-enemy 
 property, Nov. 1861-May 1865 (3 ft. 6 in.), arranged numerically, consists 
 largely of the petitions submitted by the receiver but contains related 
 papers for some cases, such as garnishees’ answers and reports, sched¬ 
 ules of notes and accounts, inventories of merchandise, interventions by 
 creditors, writs of seizure, and receivers' reports. Some answers to 
 writs of garnishment, 1861-65 (2 in.), are in a separate numerically ar¬ 
 ranged file (nos. 1-99, with many missing). 
 
 Other records of the Confederate District Court for the Eastern Dis¬ 
 trict of Texas in this record group concern the activities of the court and 
 of the receivers regarding sequestration business. Minutes of the court in 
 sequestration proceedings, Oct. 23, 1861-Jan. 31, 1862 (1 vol.), consist 
 chiefly of judgments, and these give information about the parties and 
 property involved and orders to receivers. The minutes also contain or¬ 
 ders on keeping records, appointments of receivers, and the establishment 
 of their districts, rules of proceedings under the sequestration act, affi¬ 
 davits of sureties, and appointments of commissioners. An alphabetical 
 name index to the minutes is in a separate volume. A volume of receivers’ 
 accounts and reports, Nov. 30, 1861-June 7, 1864, shows receipts from 
 the sales of sequestered property and receivers’ expenses. The receivers 
 were W. P. Ballinger, Harris T. Garnett, John McCreary, James M. 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 55 
 
 Maxcy, and William Milburn. In another small volume is an inventory of 
 sequestered goods, wares, and merchandise of Chester N. Case of Austin, 
 Feb. 1862. It had been an exhibit to one of H. T. Garnett’s accounts. The 
 accounts of Receivers Ballinger, Garnett, McCreary, Maxcy, and J. D. 
 Giddings, Jan. 1862-Feb. 1865 (2 1/2 in.), show receipts from the sale of 
 sequestered property and related expenses. Receipts for money paid out 
 of the sequestration fund, June 1862-Mar. 1865 (3/4 in.), cover the dis¬ 
 trict court clerk’s fees and services, payments to the marshal for travel, 
 serving writs, and attending grand juries, and abstracts of compensation 
 paid to jurors and witnesses. 
 
 Several other small files are with the foregoing records. Some writs 
 of fieri facias returned, Feb., May, and July 1864 (1/3 in.), show the re¬ 
 sults of the marshal’s efforts to recover the amounts of judgments and costs 
 from property. Oaths of office, July 1861-Feb. 1865 (1/2 in.), signed by 
 court officials and others in the presence of either the judge or the clerk, 
 are arranged by office. The marshal’s accounts and related papers, July 
 1861-Dec. 1864 (2 in.), show compensation to jurors, witnesses, and con¬ 
 tingent expenses; processes served by the marshal; receipts; returns of 
 fees and emoluments; receipts and inventories relating to prize vessels 
 Cavallo, Morning Light, and Elias Pike; the commissioner’s report on 
 the marshal’s account in sequestration cases; and correspondence. There 
 are writs for summoning juries (venire facias) and grand jury subpenas 
 and reports, 1861-65 (1/2 in.). A file of receipts, 1862-64 (1/4 in.), in¬ 
 cludes those of the depositary, clerk, marshal, and proctors. Proceedings 
 against defaulting jurors, June 1863-Mar. 1865 (1/2 in.), include citations, 
 answers, excuses, affidavits, and related papers. 
 
 All of the above records are those of the court held at Galveston; no 
 records of the court at Tyler have been found. 
 
 Record Group 21. --Records received from the U.S. District Court 
 at Austin by the Federal Records Center at Fort Worth in 1963 included 
 some record books and case files of the Confederate District Court for the 
 Western District of Texas. The minute book, Jan. 6, 1862-June 13, 1863 
 (2 vols.), contains data on the administration of the court, but most of the 
 case entries are sequestration cases. An index to the second minute book 
 is in the "general index to court dockets. " A docket, Jan. 1865 (2 vols.), 
 contains records of cases numbered 93-2420 on p. 202 and 225-522, but 
 entries for cases numbered 142-625 are missing. They are mostly seques¬ 
 tration and garnishment cases, with some trespass, debt, and injunction 
 cases. Another docket, June 1862-May 1863 (1 vol.), shows the disposition 
 of cases carried over from the U. S. district court and cases numbered 
 712-2882 for the sequestration of alien-enemy property. Other dockets 
 include an undated bar docket for sequestration, garnishment, and crimi¬ 
 nal cases (1 vol.), a motion docket, Jan. 1862-June 1864, and an execution 
 docket, June 1862-May 1863. 
 
 Other records include sequestration case files, 1861-65 (8 ft.), ar¬ 
 ranged numerically; an alphabetical name index to those files (1 vol.); a 
 record of court costs, Oct. 1862-Dec. 1863 (1 vol.); a record of writs served 
 by the marshal, Nov. 1861-June 1864 (1 vol.); and a record of the mar¬ 
 shal’s returns on the service of court orders, June 1862-May 1863 (1 vol.). 
 The marshal’s emolument accounts, Apr. 1862-July 1864 (1 vol.), contain 
 a record of fees and emoluments received in connection with sequestration 
 and other cases and receipts and expenditures. A receiver’s account book. 
 
56 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 Jan. 1862-Jan. 1863 (p. 7-43 of a book labeled "Journal, " also used by the 
 U.S. marshal, 1868-73), contains a record of receipts and expenditures, 
 funds received from the Department of Justice and other sources, and ex¬ 
 penses of court terms at Brownsville and Austin, Nov. 1861-July 1864. 
 
 An alphabetical but undated list of alien enemies (persons or firms) whose 
 property was sequestered (1 vol.) contains references to case numbers and 
 the places of recording. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Several collections of papers in the man¬ 
 uscript department of the University of Texas Library contain pertinent 
 material on the Eastern District. The papers of Philip C. Tucker, 11, 
 prize commissioner of that district, include the minutes of a special grand 
 jury (Nov. 18, 1861-Jan. 11, 1862) impaneled to investigate and sequester 
 alien-enemy property, two reports, 40 indictments signed by W. P. Bal¬ 
 linger, and papers relating to the prize vessel Harriet Lane. The corre¬ 
 spondence of W. P. Ballinger, sequestration receiver for Galveston and 
 Harris Counties, includes letters, 1861-63, about alien-enemy property, 
 and letters from Marshal William T. Austin giving lists of persons against 
 whom garnishments should be issued and lists of claims, property, and 
 debts. Press copybooks of letters sent by James H. Starr, receiver at 
 Nacogdoches, Aug. 15, 1861-May 17, 1863, and Feb. 22, 1862-Nov. 14, 1863 
 (2vols.), contain letters to garnishees, other Confederate officials, and 
 postmasters; reports on sales of property; schedules of medicines ordered 
 to be sold; statements of debts due, receipts for payments received, and 
 alphabetical name indexes. Letters received by J. H. Starr, 1862-63, ar¬ 
 ranged alphabetically, also concern sequestration matters. A diary of 
 William P. Ballinger, Oct. 1861-Mar. 1865, is in the Rosenberg Library 
 at Galveston. 
 
 Other records of the Confederate District Court for the Eastern Dis¬ 
 trict of Texas are in the custody of the U.S. District Court at Galveston. 
 They include a law and criminal docket, Nov. 1861-May 1865; a criminal 
 docket, Feb. 1862-May 1864; an admiralty docket, Feb. 1862-May 1864; the 
 clerk’s cost docket, Feb. 1853-Dec. 1862; an execution docket, Nov. 1863- 
 May 1864; and a memorandum court ledger, June 1863-May 1867, contain¬ 
 ing expense accounts, cost records, reports of sales of property, and 
 grand jury reports and subpenas. 
 
 Material in the custody of the U. S. District Court at Brownsville relating 
 to the Confederate District Court for the Western District of Texas includes 
 a minute book, 1852-67; a law docket, 1852-81, covering sessions in the fall 
 of 1861 and the spring of 1863; two chancery dockets, 1860-65 and 1862-81; 
 and a motion docket, 1853-63, containing motions filed in the spring of 1863. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 An act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 149), divided Vir¬ 
 ginia into Eastern and Western Districts, and on that date James D. Haly- 
 burton, the former U.S. judge, was confirmed as judge of the Eastern Dis¬ 
 trict, with Patrick H. Aylett as district attorney and John F. Wiley as 
 marshal. Loftin N. Ellett was appointed as clerk. The court opened at 
 Richmond on June 12, 1861; it continued to meet there until the end of Mar. 
 1865. It was concerned with sequestration, criminal, prize, and habeas 
 corpus cases. An act of Aug. 22, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 189), 
 providing for the naturalization of foreigners engaged in the military ser¬ 
 vice of the Confederate States, required that oaths taken by them be filed 
 
DISTRICT COURTS 
 
 57 
 
 in the district court at Richmond. Sequestration receivers in the Eastern 
 District of Virginia were Henry L. Brooke, Thomas H. Campbell, Thomas 
 T. Giles, William A. Maury, Francis L. Smith, and John M. Speed. 
 
 John W. Brockenbrough of Lexington, former judge of the U.S. Dis¬ 
 trict Court of the Western District of Virginia, was commissioned as Con¬ 
 federate judge of the same district on May 23, 1861. In the same month 
 Fleming B. Miller became district attorney and Jefferson T. Martin be¬ 
 came marshal. The court met at Staunton in May 1861, and when it recon¬ 
 vened there in September the judge appointed Joseph W. Caldwell as court 
 clerk. Sessions of the court were also held at Wytheville and Lexington, 
 but the more western portion of the district espoused the Union side in the 
 war and sessions normally scheduled at Wheeling, Clarksburg, Charleston, 
 and Lewisburg were not held. On Sept. 26, 1861, the Western District was 
 subdivided for the administration of the sequestration act, and the following 
 men were appointed as receivers: Thomas T. Fauntleroy, William Gib- 
 boney, John W. Johnston, Jacob Keizer, John Kenney, Thomas J. Michie, 
 James W. Shields, and Joseph G. Steele. 
 
 Record Group 21. - -Records of the Confederate District Court for the 
 Western District of Virginia transferred by the U.S. District Court at 
 Abingdon, Va., to the National Archives in 1956 and 1961 are now in the 
 Washington National Records Center. Sequestration case files, Dec. 1861- 
 Oct. 1864 (3 ft.), are arranged alphabetically by initial letter of surname 
 of party concerned. A common law and chancery docket, 1861-63 (3 p. of 
 an "Issue Docket" also used by the U.S. District Court, 1839-78), shows 
 for the spring 1861 term felony, debt, and ejectment cases and, for the 
 spring 1862 and spring 1863 terms, law and chancery cases. 
 
 Also in the Washington National Records Center are records of the 
 Confederate District Court sessions held at Staunton. An order book 
 covering sessions for Sept. 24-30, 1861, and Jan. 6-14 and Mar. 6-11, 1862, 
 contains the commissions of the judge and other court officers, orders for 
 adjournment, minutes of proceedings in habeas corpus cases involving dis¬ 
 loyal persons, admissions of attorneys, appointments of commissioners 
 and receivers, abstracts of compensation paid to witnesses and grand ju¬ 
 rors, and orders in civil suits. A witness book, also used by the U.S. 
 District Court, contains brief entries for the May 1861, January 1862, and 
 May 1864 terms showing the witnesses’ names, number of days they served, 
 number of miles they traveled, and amounts paid them. Letters, recog¬ 
 nizances taken by the commissioner, grand jury indictments, petitions for 
 writs of habeas corpus, bonds, summonses, rough notes of the court proceed¬ 
 ings, commissions of justices of the peace of Rockingham County, injunc¬ 
 tions, military orders prohibiting the impressment of corn, and court- 
 martial proceedings are also included for 1861-64 (3/4 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The U.S. District Court at Abingdon, 
 
 Va., has some order books for sessions of the Confederate District Court 
 held at Wytheville. An order book. May 29, 1862-May 30, 1863 (in a vol¬ 
 ume also used by the U.S. District Court, 1839-60), gives data regarding 
 civil and criminal cases, indictments, appointments of judges and other 
 court officials, admissions of attorneys, and names of witnesses and jur¬ 
 ors. An order book. May 25, 1863-Nov. 9, 1864, concerns proceedings in 
 criminal and sequestration cases. A chancery order book, July 30, 1862- 
 Oct. 26, 1863 (part of a volume also used by the U.S. District Court, 1853- 
 60), gives information regarding proceedings and orders of continuance. 
 
 Most of the records of the Confederate District Court for the Eastern 
 
58 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 District of Virginia at Richmond were destroyed during the war. Many 
 were lost in a fire that destroyed the clerk’s office in the summer of 1863. 
 Others were probably burned in the fires that swept the business district of 
 Richmond on Apr. 2-3, 1865. The deputy marshal saved an "order book" 
 that was later turned over to the U.S. District Court, which transferred it 
 in 1960 to the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. It is for the 
 period June 12, 1861-Mar. 30, 1865 (820 p.), and the data are in chronolog¬ 
 ical order, with an alphabetical name index. It contains appointments of 
 court officers, titles of cases, rules of the court in prize cases, jury lists, 
 indictments, decrees, pardons, orders for the division of the district into 
 receivers’ districts and for the sale of alien-enemy property, and other 
 orders relating to the summoning of jurors, hearing of cases, imprison¬ 
 ment of offenders, and discharge of prisoners. A record of copyright en¬ 
 tries, 1864-65, is in the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 The titles of the copyrighted 
 works are in "Confederate Copy¬ 
 rights, " Virginia Magazine of His- 
 tory , 20:425-429 (Oct. 1912). See 
 also Decisions of Hon. James D. 
 Halyburton, Judge of the Confeder- 
 ate States District Court for the 
 
 Eastern District of Virginia, in the 
 Cases of John B. Lane and John H. 
 Leftwich, in Relation to Their Ex¬ 
 emption, As Mail Contractors, from 
 the Performance of Military Service 
 (Richmond, 1864). 
 
 TERRITORIAL COURTS 
 
 Arizona Territory 
 
 The Territory of Arizona as established by the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment consisted of the parts of the present States of Arizona and New Mexi¬ 
 co that lie south of the 34th parallel. Since 1856 the people of this area 
 had urged the U.S. Congress to establish a Territory of Arizona separate 
 from the Territory of New Mexico. Their representatives met in conven¬ 
 tion at Mesilla on Mar. 16, 1861, and adopted resolutions of secession. 
 These resolutions and a constitution for the proposed Territory were sent 
 to the Confederate Congress, which referred them to the Committee on 
 Territories. Congress did not formally establish the Territory, however, 
 until the following January. 
 
 In the meantime, Col. John R. Baylor, with a force of Texans, in¬ 
 vaded the area in July 1861 and, after driving out the Federal garrisons, 
 issued a proclamation on Aug. 1 declaring himself military governor of the 
 Territory of Arizona. The proclamation established a judicial system con¬ 
 sisting of a supreme court, district and probate courts, and justices of the 
 peace. The district judges made up the supreme court. The Territory 
 was divided into a first district, east of Apache Pass with its seat at 
 Mesilla, and a second district, west of the pass with its seat at Tucson. 
 Probate courts established for the counties of Doha Ana and Arizona were 
 to meet at the same places, and the clerks of the district courts were to 
 serve also as clerks of the probate courts. 
 
 The territorial court of the First Judicial District was organized at 
 Mesilla in 1861 by Judge H. C. Cook, an appointee of Governor Baylor. 
 
 He was succeeded by S. Hare before the court met at the end of the year. 
 
 In Dec. 1861 the grand jury returned seven indictments for murder and two 
 for assault, but only one assault case was tried before a petit jury. Orders 
 
TERRITORIAL COURTS 
 
 59 
 
 were issued by the court as late as Mar. 31, 1862, but it did not meet a- 
 gain in open session after the Dec. 1861 term. 
 
 No records of the court for the Second Judicial District that was to 
 meet at Tucson have been found, and its activities, if any, are unknown. 
 
 The first regular session of the probate court of Dona Ana County 
 met on Sept. 2, 1861, Judge Frank Higgins presiding. After holding other 
 sessions in Dec. 1861 and Jan. 1862, Higgins resigned and was succeeded 
 by John P. Deus. The court met in March, but the term scheduled for 
 May 1862 was adjourned to June because of disturbed conditions in the Ter¬ 
 ritory. The judge resigned and the court did not meet again. Cases handled 
 by the court included attachment proceedings, actions for debt, fore¬ 
 closures, a suit in replevin, a damage suit, and appeals from the decisions 
 of justices of the peace. The court also performed such administrative 
 duties as auditing the accounts of officials, issuing ordinances for the pub¬ 
 lic welfare, appointing officials, levying taxes, ordering road work, acting 
 as an election board, and supervising the work of public employees. 
 
 No records of the probate court of Arizona County that was to meet 
 at Tucson have been found, and its activities are unknown. 
 
 An act of Congress, approved Jan. 18, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 
 Stat. 245), to organize the Territory of Arizona, provided for a system of 
 courts similar to that created by Governor Baylor, but divided the Terri¬ 
 tory into three districts instead of two. The redistricting was not accom¬ 
 plished, however, for President Davis nominated only a chief justice, 
 Alexander M. Jackson, and one associate justice, Columbus Upson, leav¬ 
 ing the third district unestablished. The justices were commissioned on 
 Mar. 21 along with Russel Howard as attorney and Samuel J. Jones as 
 marshal. Jurisdiction of the district courts was the same as that vested in 
 the district courts of the Confederate States. The supreme court and the 
 district courts were given chancery as well as common law jurisdiction. 
 The judges of the probate courts were appointed by the Governor; the 
 jurisdiction of these courts was very general. Justices of the peace were 
 to be appointed by the justices of the supreme court; their jurisdiction was 
 imited to disputes involving amounts not over $100, and they had no juris¬ 
 diction in suits over title to or boundaries of lands. Confederate jurisdic¬ 
 tion ended in Arizona in the summer of 1862, when U. S. forces from Cali¬ 
 fornia occupied the Territory. The system of courts authorized by the act 
 establishing the Territory therefore did not become a reality. 
 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., 
 Justice in Grey , p. 309-325; Ben¬ 
 jamin Sacks, Be It Enacted; the 
 Creation of the Territory of Ari- 
 
 zona, p. 62-69 (Phoenix, 1964). Ed¬ 
 ward D. Tittmann, "Confederate Courts 
 in New Mexico, " New Mexico Histori¬ 
 cal Review, 3:347-356 (Oct. 1928). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Doha Ana County Courthouse at 
 Las Cruces, N. Mex., are records of the courts that met at Mesilla dur¬ 
 ing the Confederate period. "Doha Ana County Record A, " 1861-67, con¬ 
 tains a record of the first judicial district court for Oct. 7-Dec. 21, 1861, 
 and Mar. 31, 1862, giving information on the impaneling of juries, appoint¬ 
 ment of court officials, admissions of attorneys, and civil and criminal 
 cases. The minutes of the Doha Ana County probate court, Aug. 8, 1861- 
 June 2, 1862, are in a volume containing also the record of the U.S. court 
 beginning in 1863. 
 
60 
 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 Historical Records Survey, 
 New Mexico, Inventory of the 
 County Archives of New Mexico , 
 
 No. 7, Dona Ana (Las Cruces) 
 (Albuquerque, 1940). Charles S. 
 Walker, ed., "Confederate Govern- 
 
 Indian Country 
 
 ment in Doha Ana County, As Shown 
 in the Records of the Probate Court, 
 1861-62, " New Mexico Historical 
 Review , 6:253-302 (Apr. 1931), con- 
 tains the text of the probate court 
 minutes. 
 
 Treaties negotiated by Confederate Agent Albert Pike provided for 
 the establishment of Confederate district courts in the Indian country, 
 which had previously been attached to the Western District of Arkansas. 
 
 The Cherokee treaty of Oct. 7, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 400), pro¬ 
 vided for the judicial district of Cha-lah-ki in the Cherokee Nation. The 
 Creek, Seminole, Osage, Quapaw, Seneca, and Shawnee tribes agreed to 
 accept the jurisdiction of that court. The treaty with the Choctaw and 
 Chickasaw Nations of July 12, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 320). pro¬ 
 vided that their territory should constitute the judicial district of Tush-ca- 
 hom-ma. 
 
 The Indian judiciary act of Feb. 15, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 272), empowered the President to appoint one judge for both districts for 
 a term of 4 years and one marshal and one attorney for each district also 
 for 4 years. The judge was authorized to appoint for each court clerks 
 and interpreters who were to hold office at the pleasure of the court. 
 Semiannual terms of the court for the Tush-ca-hom-ma District were to 
 be held at Boggy Depot in the Choctaw Nation, and terms for the Cha-lah- 
 ki District were to be held at Tahlequah or wherever the seat of govern¬ 
 ment of the Cherokee Nation might be. The criminal jurisdiction of the 
 courts was to extend to offenses against the Confederate States laws in 
 force in the districts. Admiralty jurisdiction was to be the same as that 
 of other district courts. Jurisdiction in civil cases was to extend to suits 
 at law or equity, when more than $500 was involved, between a citizen of 
 the Confederate States, or an alien, and a citizen or resident of the dis¬ 
 trict. The jurisdiction of the courts was enlarged by the act for the organ¬ 
 ization of the Arkansas and Red River Superintendency of Indian Affairs of 
 Apr. 8, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 20-21). 
 
 After the Indian nations ratified the treaties and their amendments, 
 the President, on Sept. 26, 1862, nominated a judge and other officials, 
 but these nominations were tabled by the Senate on Oct. 2. The President 
 resubmitted nominations on Feb. 21, 1865. George A. Gallagher was con¬ 
 firmed as judge the next day and was commissioned 2 days later. The dis¬ 
 trict attorney for the Tush-ca-hom-ma District was Campbell Laflore, and 
 the marshal was H. M. U. C. Brown; William P. Adair was the attorney 
 and Percy Brewer was the marshal for the Cha-lah-ki District. Gallagher 
 was then serving on Gen. E. K. Smith’s staff at Shreveport, La. His 
 confirmation was probably too late for him to reach Tahlequah for the 
 spring term, but he may have reached Boggy Depot in time to open the term 
 there on Apr. 17. In the Tush-ca-hom-ma District the district court for 
 the Western District of Arkansas had been exercising extraterritorial 
 jurisdiction with the consent of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians; the 
 other tribes had not agreed to this arrangement. Cases involving Indian 
 nations or their citizens may have been tried in other district courts, for 
 an act of Apr. 27, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 126), authorized Indians to 
 
CLAIMS COMMISSIONERS 
 
 61 
 
 sue at law or in equity, in the same manner as provided for with the Cher¬ 
 okee Nation, a citizen or resident of any State or Territory in any district 
 court where litigation could be taken under the Constitution, laws, or 
 treaties of the Confederate States. 
 
 No records of Confederate courts in the Indian country have been found. 
 
 BOARD OF CLAIMS COMMISSIONERS 
 
 The sequestration act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 205), authorized the President to appoint three commissioners to adjudi¬ 
 cate claims presented by adherents of the Confederacy for losses sustained 
 under the U.S. confiscation laws. The findings of the commissioners were 
 to be primafacie evidence of the validity of the claims which, when approved 
 by Congress, were to be paid by the Treasurer from money derived 
 from the sequestration of alien-enemy property in accordance with the 
 same act. The Attorney General or his assistant was to represent the in¬ 
 terests of the Government before the Board of Commissioners. The Board 
 was to function only until Congress provided for the court of claims author¬ 
 ized by the Permanent Constitution. Congress failed to enact such legis¬ 
 lation, however, and the Board of Claims Commissioners continued to 
 operate throughout the war. On Dec. 13, 1861, Congress confirmed as 
 members of the Board George P. Scarburgh, the former presiding judge 
 of the U.S. Court of Claims; Walker Brooke, a Delegate in Congress from 
 Mississippi; and Thomas C. Reynolds, the lieutenant governor of Missouri. 
 They were continued in office by appropriation acts of Feb. 10 and May 1, 
 1863, Feb. 17, 1864, and Mar. 13, 1865 (1 Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 97, 139, 
 
 201, Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions, p. 123). The act of Feb. 15, 
 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 266), amending the sequestration act au¬ 
 thorized the commissioners to appoint a clerk and examiners to hear wit¬ 
 nesses. Edgar M. Garnett, who had been assistant clerk of the U. S. Court 
 of Claims, was appointed clerk. Judge Scarburgh became the presiding 
 commissioner. 
 
 The proceedings and other records of this board have not been found. 
 
IV. THE PRESIDENCY 
 
 On Feb. 9, 1861, the Provisional Congress at Montgomery elected 
 Jefferson Davis President and Alexander H. Stephens Vice President. 
 Stephens, who was a delegate to Congress from Georgia, was inaugurated on 
 Feb. 11. Davis was inaugurated on Feb. 18 upon his arrival from Missis¬ 
 sippi, where he had gone upon his resignation from the U.S. Senate. Davis 
 and Stephens were elected on Nov. 6, 1861, for 6-year terms, as provided 
 by the Permanent Constitution. The Capital had been moved in June 1861 
 from Montgomery to Richmond, and the inauguration took place in Rich¬ 
 mond on Feb. 22, 1862. The President’s Office was located on the second 
 floor of the U. S. customhouse on Main Street, a structure which also 
 housed the Cabinet Room and the State and Treasury Departments. The 
 City of Richmond purchased the Brockenbrough house for presentation to 
 the Government for use as an executive mansion. Davis declined to accept 
 the gift, but the house was leased for his use. Referred to as the ’’White 
 House of the Confederacy” or the ’’Grey House, ” the mansion was used by 
 President Davis throughout the existence of the Confederacy. Later it be¬ 
 came a repository for documents, relics, and pictures relating to the his¬ 
 tory of the Confederacy, and in 1896 it was designated the Confederate 
 Museum. 
 
 President Davis had a small personal staff to assist him in handling 
 the business of the Executive Office. Alexander B. Clitherall served 
 temporarily as his private secretary early in 1861. In approving an act 
 of Feb. 20, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 29), authorizing the appoint¬ 
 ment of a private secretary, the President announced the appointment of 
 Robert Josselyn of Mississippi. Josselyn was later appointed Secretary of 
 the Territory of Arizona, however, and in Mar. 1862, on the recommenda¬ 
 tion of Col. Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Davis appointed Burton N. Harrison as 
 his new secretary. Harrison, a native of New Orleans and a graduate of 
 Yale University, was then teaching mathematics at the University of Mis¬ 
 sissippi. Harrison’s duties included conveying messages to Congress, 
 handling important documents, drafting communications, receiving visi¬ 
 tors, acting as disbursing officer, and accompanying the President on 
 horseback rides around Richmond. He served in this capacity throughout 
 the war and was a resident of the executive mansion. Micajah H. Clark 
 served as a clerk in the Executive Office. 
 
 The President also had a number of military aides, beginning with 
 Col. Louis T. Wigfall of Texas early in 1861. An act of Aug. 21, 1861 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 188), authorized the appointment of two addi¬ 
 tional aides with the rank of colonel. On Aug. 31, George Washington 
 Custis Lee, eldest son of Robert E. Lee, and Joseph R. Davis, a nephew 
 of the President, were appointed to these positions. By the authority of an 
 
 62 
 
PRESIDENCY 
 
 63 
 
 act of Apr. 9, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 7), additional aides were ap¬ 
 pointed on Apr. 19, including William Preston Johnston, son of Albert 
 Sidney Johnston; Joseph C. Ives, a former engineer officer in the U.S. 
 Army; James Chesnut, Jr., of South Carolina; and William M. Browne, 
 who had had a short tenure as Assistant Secretary of State. In June 1864, 
 Davis appointed Francis R. Lubbock, former governor of Texas, as an 
 aide in order to have on his staff an officer acquainted with the people and 
 affairs of the West. Lubbock reached Richmond in Sept. 1864 and remained 
 on the President's staff until the end of the war. Lt. John T. Wood, C. S. N., 
 became a Presidential aide in Jan. 1863, replacing Colonel Davis. 
 
 The military aides performed much the same duties as the private 
 secretary, except that they also went on special missions connected with 
 military operations. Colonel Lee advised the President on military engi¬ 
 neering matters and from June 1863 commanded the Richmond Defense 
 Brigade composed of employees of Government departments and of local 
 industries. One or more of these officers presumably affixed the signa¬ 
 ture of the President to commissions in the armed forces in accordance 
 with an act of Dec. 7, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 222). Robert B. 
 Craddock served as the President’s messenger in 1862. 
 
 The constitutional powers of the President were quite similar to 
 those of the President of the United States. The Permanent Constitution 
 made him the commander in chief of the Army and Navy and of the State 
 militia when called into the service of the Confederate States. He was 
 also empowered to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the 
 Confederate States. He was authorized to make treaties; to nominate and 
 appoint diplomatic representatives, judges, and other officers of the Con¬ 
 federate States (including the heads of the executive departments) by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Senate; and to remove such representa¬ 
 tives and officers. He could fill vacancies during a recess of the Senate, 
 but he could not reappoint, during a recess, persons previously rejected by 
 the Senate. He was to supply Congress with information, recommend leg¬ 
 islation, receive Ambassadors and other public ministers, see that the 
 laws were faithfully executed, and commission all officers of the military 
 and naval forces of the Confederate States. Under his power to veto bills 
 passed by Congress he vetoed 39 bills that he considered unconstitutional 
 or unwise. Some bills received near the close of sessions went unsigned 
 because there was not time to give them adequate consideration. As other 
 duties continued to place increasing demands on his time, he arranged for 
 Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin to assist him in writing messages to 
 Congress. 
 
 As military activities and other operations expanded. Congress au¬ 
 thorized the President to appoint officers of the Provisional Army, of 
 volunteers, of the Provisional Navy, and of the Volunteer Navy, and to 
 grant letters of marque and reprisal to private armed vessels. Numerous 
 acts of Congress, some of which are cited herein, authorized him to ap¬ 
 point various civilian officials, including heads of bureaus and offices, 
 aides-de-camp, claims commissioners, collectors of customs, district 
 attorneys, marshals, and officials of the Territory of Arizona. An act of 
 Jan. 16, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 241), empowered the President 
 to appoint the Assistant Secretaries of State, Treasury, and War by and 
 with the advice and consent of Congress. An act of Feb. 15, 1864 (Rams- 
 dell, Laws and Joint Resolutions, p. 170), appropriated $5 million for a 
 secret service fund to be expended under the direction of the President. 
 
64 
 
 PRESroENCY 
 
 Late on the evening of Apr. 2, 1865, President Davis, his aides, and 
 members of the Cabinet, except Secretary of War Breckinridge, departed 
 from Richmond on the Richmond and Danville Railroad. The party stayed 
 at Danville, 140 miles southwest of Richmond, until Apr. 10 when, hearing 
 of Lee’s surrender, it continued farther south. At Greensboro, N. C., on 
 Apr. 12 the Cabinet met with Generals Johnston and Beauregard and dis¬ 
 cussed the surrender of Johnston’s army to General Sherman. As the rail¬ 
 road south of Greensboro had been ruined by U.S. forces, the flight from 
 that place was on horseback and in ambulances, wagons, and carriages. 
 The last Cabinet meetings took place at Charlotte, N. C., on Apr. 24 and 
 26, and on May 4, when Davis left Washington, Ga., the party consisted 
 only of his aides and Postmaster General Reagan. A U. S. Army detach¬ 
 ment captured Davis and his companions at an encampment near Irwinville, 
 Ga., on May 10. 
 
 Davis was imprisoned at Fort Monroe, Va., until his release on bail 
 on May 13, 1867. During his confinement the U.S. Government prepared 
 to bring him to trial for treason and for complicity in the assassination of 
 President Lincoln. He could not be tried in Virginia until the Federal 
 courts were reestablished there, but by the time the circuit judges were 
 prepared in May 1867 the Government decided that the outcome of a trial 
 before a Virginia jury was too uncertain and dropped the proceedings. In 
 Nov. 1868 Davis was brought to trial under a new indictment, but the judges 
 disagreed and the case was referred to the Supreme Court. President 
 Johnson issued a general amnesty in Dec. 1868, and the Supreme Court 
 entered a nolle prosequi, thus freeing Davis. 
 
 Chester D. Bradley, "Dr. 
 Craven and the Prison Life of Jef¬ 
 ferson Davis, " Virginia Magazine 
 of History and Biography , 62:50-94 
 (Jan. 1954); Jefferson Davis, The 
 Rise and Fall of the Confed e rate 
 Government (2 vols.; New York, 
 
 1881, reprinted. New York, 1958); 
 Jonathan T. Dorris, Pardon and 
 Amnesty under Lincoln and Johnson ; 
 the Restoration of the Confederates 
 to Their Rights and Privileges, 
 r861-1898 (Chapel Hill, 1953); Sey- 
 
 mour J. Frank, "The Conspiracy 
 To Implicate the Confederate Lead¬ 
 ers in Lincoln’s Assassination, " 
 Mississippi Valley Historical Re ¬ 
 view, 40:629-656 (Mar. 1954); 
 Francis B. Harrison, Aris Sonis 
 Focisque; Being a Memoir of an 
 American Family, the Harrisons of 
 Skimino, ed. by Fairfax Harrison 
 
 ([New York], 1910); James L. Howe, 
 "George Washington Custis Lee, ’’ 
 Virginia Magazine of History and 
 Biography , 48:315-327 (Oct. 1940); 
 
 Francis R. Lubbock, Six Decades in 
 Texas, or Memoirs of Francis Rich ¬ 
 ard Lubbock. Governor of Texas in 
 War-Time, 1861-63; a Personal Ex ¬ 
 perience in Business, War, and 
 Politics , ed. by C. W. Raines (Aus- 
 tin, 1900); Roy F. Nichols, "United 
 States vs. Jefferson Davis, 1865- 
 1869, " American Historical Review, 
 31:266-284 (Jan. 1926); Rembert W. 
 Patrick, Jefferson Davis and His 
 Cabinet (Baton Rouge, 1944); Arthur 
 M. Shaw, William P. Johnston; a 
 Traditional Figure of the Confederacy 
 (Baton Rouge, 1943); Hudson Strode, 
 
 Jefferson Davis: Confederate Presi¬ 
 dent (New York, 1959). 
 
 The papers of Jefferson Davis were moved from Richmond on Apr. 
 
 2, 1865. At Abbeville, S.C., on the flight southward, Micajah H. Clark 
 and Colonels Johnston and Wood of the President's staff destroyed many of 
 the less valuable papers, leaving the remainder with a local resident. 
 
PRESIDENCY 
 
 65 
 
 Later, on his return to the north from Florida, Clark destroyed additional 
 papers in this collection. After having been moved and held for a while 
 near New Orleans, the remaining papers were shipped to Burton N. 
 Harrison at New York. He also received a trunk containing some of his 
 own and Davis' papers that had been left at Washington, Ga. In 1870 Harri¬ 
 son lent these papers to Charles C. Jones, Jr., a Georgian and an ex-Con- 
 federate artillery officer, who had opened a law office in New York. The 
 official letter and message books of President Davis were taken from 
 Georgia to Montreal, Quebec, by Margaret Howell, a sister of Mrs. Davis. 
 In 1877 William T. Walthall, Davis' assistant in his work on a history of 
 the Confederacy, recovered with Harrison's cooperation part of the papers 
 deposited with Colonel Jones and delivered them to Davis. Davis also re¬ 
 covered his letter and message books from Canada. In 1874 Davis obtained 
 from the U.S. War Department through Philip Phillips, a Washington 
 attorney, some correspondence with Mrs. Davis, relatives, and others on 
 personal and business matters. In 1880, after Davis had given the War 
 Department copies of his papers, the Department returned an additional 
 package of his private papers to him. Davis used these and other papers 
 that he collected in writing The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment . 
 
 Other papers of Jefferson Davis, seized by the U.S. Army in 1865, 
 were delivered to the War Department in Washington. Papers taken from 
 the baggage of Davis and his associates and from them personally at Irwin- 
 ville were delivered by Col. Benjamin D. Pritchard to the Secretary of 
 War on May 24, 1865 (see below under Record Group 109). Baggage of 
 Davis that was located at Waldo, Fla., and found to contain Davis papers 
 was shipped to Washington by steamer from Jacksonville in June. As stated 
 above, the part of these papers that were of a private nature was returned 
 to Davis; the remainder was added to the War Department Collection of 
 Confederate Records. 
 
 Douglas S. Freeman, The 
 South to Posterity; an Introduction 
 to the Writing of Confederate His¬ 
 tory , p. 96-101(New York. 1939): 
 Alfred J. Hanna, Flight into Obliv- 
 ion (Richmond, 1938); Dallas D 
 
 Irvine, "The Fate of Confederate 
 Archives, " American Historical 
 Review , 44:823-826 (July 1939); Hud¬ 
 son Strode, ed., Jefferson Davis; 
 Private Letters, 1823-1889 (New 
 York, 1966). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The Jefferson Davis papers, Feb. 22, 1861-May 
 29, 1866 (1 ft.), in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records 
 include letters and telegrams sent and received, nominations for appoint¬ 
 ments to Cabinet positions, notes on Cabinet meetings, lists of officers, 
 and cross-reference cards for documents printed in the Official Records . 
 
 . . Armies and placed by the War Department in a file of published docu¬ 
 ments. The correspondence is with military and civilian officials. Mem¬ 
 bers of Congress, State Governors, and others, and it relates to military 
 operations and troop movements, the procurement of war supplies in Eu¬ 
 rope, and Davis' imprisonment at Fort Monroe. These papers are arranged 
 alphabetically by name, and with them is a name and subject index. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The Jefferson Davis papers, 1845-91 
 (4, 270 items), in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit 
 in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University, is the most 
 important collection and includes several series of records. The official 
 
66 
 
 PRESIDENCY 
 
 letters-sent books, Feb. 21, 1861-Apr. 24, 1865 (2 vols.), contain fair 
 copies of letters and telegrams to heads of the executive departments. 
 
 Army and Navy officers. Governors of States, Senators, Representatives, 
 aides, judges, diplomatic agents, and other southerners. These books 
 also contain appointments and orders. A few additional letters sent. Sept. 
 13, 1863-Nov. 21, 1864, are in another volume. The record of outgoing 
 letters is not complete, for it was not begun until the end of 1861 when the 
 Executive Office requested copies of letters sent by Davis to general offi¬ 
 cers; some of the papers of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had already been 
 destroyed. Confidential letters, such as those to Gen. R. E. Lee, were 
 not recorded in the letter book but were kept with Davis’ private papers. 
 
 The message book, Feb. 25, 1862-Mar. 17, 1865, contains annual and 
 other messages to Congress, nominations for appointments, and addresses 
 to the people of the Confederacy. A correspondence file, Feb. 1861-Dec. 
 1865 (4 ft.), contains letters received by Davis from Confederate and State 
 officials. Members of Congress, and general officers; drafts of outgoing 
 letters; and copies of War Department correspondence. A chronological 
 file of telegrams, Feb. 7, 1861-Nov. 8, 1865 (more than 1,200 items), in¬ 
 cludes both incoming and outgoing telegrams--many from prominent Confed¬ 
 erate and State officials and Army officers. Some special and general or¬ 
 ders, manuscript and printed, issued by the Adjutant and Inspector Gen¬ 
 eral’s Office and by armies, departments, and brigades, July 21, 1861-Apr. 
 27, 1865 (2 in.), are with the Davis papers. 
 
 The Jefferson Davis papers, 1844-89 (562 items), in the Mississippi 
 Department of Archives and History include 180 original letters and tele¬ 
 grams and copies of other outgoing and incoming letters and of other papers 
 collected for publication by Dunbar Rowland, the director of the Department, 
 from various repositories. 
 
 Most of the documents in this 
 collection have been published in 
 Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson 
 Davis, Constitutionalist; His Let¬ 
 ters, Papers and Speeches (lOvoTs.; 
 
 Jackson, Miss., 1923). flumes 
 5 and 6 cover the war period and 
 contain all of the letters in Davis’ 
 official letters-sent books. Most 
 of the letters on other than military 
 subjects were published for the first 
 time in Rowland’s compilation. 
 
 Outgoing and incoming letters and 
 telegrams on official subjects, pub¬ 
 lic speeches, and some newspaper 
 articles, instructions, and com- 
 
 Papers of Jefferson Davis, 1851-89 (700 items), in Duke University 
 Library (on microfilm in the University of Texas Library) consist of offi¬ 
 cial and personal correspondence. Mostly for the war period, the letters 
 are from heads of executive departments. Army officers. State Governors, 
 and other officials and private individuals. They relate to the organization 
 of the Confederate Government, military and naval operations, public and 
 personal affairs, appointments, conscription, foreign affairs, and economic 
 
 missions are included. The corre¬ 
 spondents include civil and military 
 officials, Senators, Members of Con¬ 
 gress, the Vice President, State 
 Governors, and Mrs. Davis. The 
 dispatches in the Official Records . 
 
 . . Armies are not reprinted, but 
 llowland supplies a "List of Letters 
 and Endorsements of Jefferson Davis 
 Printed in the Records of the Union 
 and Confederate Armies, ’’ (vol. 10, 
 p. 169-281). Some letters to private 
 individuals are printed, but most are 
 omitted. The derivations of the 
 papers are given. 
 
PRESIDENCY 
 
 67 
 
 conditions in the South. Telegrams received by Davis from Gen. R. E. 
 
 Lee and copies of others received from Lee by the War Department and 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, June 26, 1862-Apr. 1, 1865 (295 items), in the same 
 repository, were purchased from the Wymberley Jones De Renne Georgia 
 Library, which had acquired them from Charles C. Jones, Jr. 
 
 Dispatches received by Davis from General Lee, telegrams, and 
 special orders, June 3, 1862-Mar. 29, 1865 (152 items), are in the Archives 
 Division of the Virginia State Library. These papers had also been in the 
 De Renne Library until purchased by Bernard M. Baruch in 1949 and pre¬ 
 sented by him to the Virginia State Library. 
 
 The Jefferson Davis papers, 1847-89 (several thousand items), in 
 the Confederate Museum collection in Richmond include original letters of 
 the war years, family papers presented by Margaret Davis Hayes (Davis’ 
 eldest daughter), and typewritten copies of the official letter books, 1861- 
 65, and the message book, 1862-65, in the Louisiana Historical Associa¬ 
 tion collection. Papers collected by George Shea, associate counsel with 
 Charles O’Conner, in preparing for the trial of Jefferson Davis, 1865-67, 
 are also in the Confederate Museum collection. 
 
 Materials on Jefferson Davis were assembled for many years by 
 Walter L. Fleming, a professor at Vanderbilt University, for use in 
 writing a biography. He died before completing the biography, and his 
 widow gave his collection to Robert M. McElroy, who used them in Jeffer ¬ 
 son Davis; the Unreal and the Real (2 vols.; New York and London, 1937). 
 The Fleming collection and other items gathered by McElroy were depos¬ 
 ited in the New York Public Library. 
 
 The Jefferson Davis papers in the Library of Congress consist only 
 of a few letters and other documents of the war period, some printed 
 broadsides, and a partly filled letter book, Jan.-Dec. 1861, in which are 
 also recorded copies of letters sent by the War and other departments. 
 
 The Edwin M. Stanton papers in the Library contain some letters written 
 by Davis to his wife after the fall of Richmond. 
 
 Samuel Richey, a lumber dealer of Cincinnati, collected manuscripts 
 of Jefferson Davis and military leaders of the Confederacy; his collection 
 is now at Miami University. The Davis correspondence, 1847-89, includes, 
 for the war period, letters to Southern Governors, Senators, Members of 
 Congress, Cabinet officers, and aides. There are also many letters re¬ 
 ceived, especially from Generals Beauregard, Bragg, J. E. Johnston, 
 Pemberton, E. K. Smith, J. E. B. Stuart, Richard Taylor, William H. 
 Thomas, and W. H. C. Whiting. 
 
 Fred B. Joyner, ”A Brief Collection of the Miami University, ’’ 
 
 Calendar of Jefferson Davis Letters Journal of Mississippi History , 25: 
 in the Samuel Richey Confederate 15-32 (Jan. 1963). 
 
 Other Davis correspondence is in many other repositories. More 
 than 800 telegrams and dispatches received by Davis are in the R. W. Nor¬ 
 ton Art Gallery in Shreveport, La. Nearly 50 letters received by Davis 
 from generals, civilian officials. Governors, Vice President Stephens, and 
 diplomatic commissioners in Europe, 1861-65, are in Emory University 
 Library. A small quantity of original letters from similar correspondents 
 is in the University of Georgia Library. Other repositories containing 
 Davis material include the Alabama Department of Archives and History, 
 Chicago Historical Society, Dallas Historical Society, University of 
 
68 
 
 PRESIDENCY 
 
 Kentucky Library, New Jersey Historical Society, New-York Historical 
 Society, New York Public Library, North Carolina Department of Archives 
 and History, University of North Carolina Library, Princeton University 
 Library, Transylvania College Library, Tufts College Library, Howard- 
 Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University, Virginia Historical Society, 
 University of Virginia Library, Western Reserve Historical Society 
 (Palmer collection), and Yale University Library. The Jefferson Davis 
 papers formerly in the possession of Jefferson Hayes-Davis of Colorado 
 Springs have been given to the University of Alabama Library and Tran¬ 
 sylvania College Library. The Jefferson Davis shrine at Beauvoir, Miss., 
 and the first executive mansion, at Montgomery, have some Davis manu¬ 
 scripts. Papers taken from Davis’ office after the fall of Richmond are in 
 the Lucy Chase collection in the American Antiquarian Society at Worces¬ 
 ter, Mass. Papers relating to the proposed trial of Jefferson Davis other 
 than those referred to above are in the University of Chicago Library. 
 
 Richard B. Harwell, "Brief 
 Calendar of the Jefferson Davis 
 Papers in the Keith M. Read Con¬ 
 federate Collection of the Emory 
 University Library, " Journal of 
 Mississippi History, 4:20-30 (Jan. 
 1942). 
 
 Many wartime letters of Da¬ 
 vis have been published. In Offi¬ 
 cial Records . . . Armies are hun¬ 
 dreds of letters not only from the 
 captured Confederate records but 
 also from the official letter books 
 that Davis kept. This correspond¬ 
 ence relates chiefly to military 
 operations and does not contain all 
 the confidential letters received by 
 Davis from generals. Davis’ mes¬ 
 sages, addresses, and other com¬ 
 munications to Congress and nom¬ 
 inations for appointments are in the 
 Journal of the Congress of the Con ¬ 
 federate States of America, 1861- 
 r865 (S. Doc. 234, 58 Cong., 2 
 
 sess.. Serials 4610-4616; Washing¬ 
 ton, 1904-5. 7 vols.). A selection 
 of papers, including messages, 
 addresses, instructions, proclama¬ 
 tions, nominations, appointments, 
 commissions, orders, and letters, 
 is in James D. Richardson, ed., A 
 Compilation of the Messages and Pa¬ 
 pers of the Confederacy , vol. l(2vols. 
 Nashville, 1905; reprinted. New York, 
 1966). Douglas S. Freeman, ed., 
 Lee’s Dispatches; Unpublished Let ¬ 
 ters of General Robert E. Lee, C. 
 
 S. A., to Jefferson Davis and the 
 War Department of the Confederate 
 States of America, 1862-65 (New 
 York and London, 1915), contains 
 dispatches and telegrams received 
 by Davis from Lee that are now in 
 the Virginia State Library and Duke 
 University Library. 
 
 Presidential proclamations; 
 appointments of diplomatic repre¬ 
 sentatives, special commissioners, 
 and commercial agents; letters to 
 the heads of foreign nations; some 
 messages to Congress; and address¬ 
 es to the people of the Confederacy 
 and to soldiers are calendared in 
 Official Records . . .Navies, ser. 
 
 2, vol. 3, p. 26-89 (cited in chapter 
 I under the section on Presidential 
 Proclamations). Concerning legal 
 opinions addressed to the President, 
 see chapter X. 
 
 Some addresses, messages, 
 correspondence, and proclamations 
 issued by Davis were published con¬ 
 temporaneously. A list of these pub¬ 
 lications with library locations is in 
 Crandall, Confederate Imprints, 1: 
 113-119. 
 
 Correspondence between Davis 
 and members of his Cabinet is in the 
 records of the executive departments 
 and in collections of personal papers 
 described or mentioned elsewhere in 
 this Guide . Correspondence between 
 Davis and State Governors may be 
 found in State archives and among 
 
VICE PRESIDENCY 
 
 69 
 
 the personal papers of the Governors 
 in other repositories. Some letters 
 received by Davis, such as applica¬ 
 tions and recommendations for ap¬ 
 pointments, were endorsed by him 
 and referred to the appropriate de¬ 
 partments . Many of these letters are 
 now with the compiled military service 
 records described in chapter XI. No 
 minutes were kept of the meetings of 
 
 the Confederate Cabinet. Some infor¬ 
 mation on discussions is in the diaries 
 or memoirs of Thomas Bragg, Josiah 
 Gorgas, Stephen R. Mallory, John H. 
 Reagan, and John B. Jones cited 
 elsewhere in this Guide . 
 
 A more comprehensive publi¬ 
 cation of the Jefferson Davis papers 
 is underway at Rice University under 
 the editorship of Haskell Monroe. 
 
 PAPERS OF PRESIDENTIAL AIDES 
 
 Papers of some members of Davis' staff that are available contain 
 correspondence with Davis and other letters that give information on the 
 President, the executive office, and conditions in Richmond. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Papers of Burton N. Harrison and his 
 wife are in the Library of Congress. The large collection of William 
 Preston Johnston papers in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane 
 University includes many letters to his wife that contain information about 
 Davis and his family, trips with Davis, and events in Richmond. In the 
 same collection of Johnston papers are letters from Army officers about 
 commissions and letters to the President from Members of Congress. 
 
 Other Johnston papers are in the Library of Congress and in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. A few 
 letters of Joseph C. Ives are in the Library of Congress. The Texas State 
 Archives and the San Jacinto Museum of History Association have papers 
 of Francis R. Lubbock. Letter books of James Chesnut, Jr., are in the 
 Library of Congress, the University of North Carolina Library, and Emory 
 University Library. Letters sent by George Washington Custis Lee are in 
 the Virginia Historical Society collections. Papers of John Taylor Wood 
 are in the University of North Carolina Library; these papers include 
 Wood's diary, Apr. 2-July 16, 1865. concerning the flight of Davis and the 
 Cabinet to the south and Wood's escape through Florida to Cuba. Capt. 
 
 Given Campbell, escort commander, kept a journal from Apr. 15 to May 
 10, 1865, of the flight of Davis and his party; a photostat of a typewritten 
 copy of this journal is in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 A sizable group of William T. Walthall papers is in the Mississippi De¬ 
 partment of Archives and History. 
 
 ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS PAPERS 
 
 Alexander H. Stephens, a Georgia delegate to the Montgomery con¬ 
 vention and a former Representative from that State in the U.S. Congress, 
 was elected Vice President of the Confederacy on Feb. 9, 1861. As chair¬ 
 man of the Committee To Organize the Executive Departments of the Pro¬ 
 visional Congress, he frequently conferred with President Davis on appoint¬ 
 ments to the Cabinet. In 1861 he traveled as a commissioner to the Georgia 
 State convention meeting to ratify the Confederate Constitution, and to 
 Virginia to arrange a military alliance to be operative until Virginia joined 
 the Confederacy. After his election as Vice President on Nov. 6, 1861, he 
 served for two periods (Nov. -Dec. 1861 and Jan. -Feb. 1862) as president 
 pro tempore of the Provisional Congress. As Vice President of the 
 
70 
 
 PRESroENCY 
 
 permanent Government after Feb. 1862, he was the presiding officer of the 
 Senate. But he grew antagonistic toward Davis’ policies and returned to 
 Georgia in Oct. 1862, remaining there for more than 2 years except for 
 two brief visits to Richmond. In his absence, Robert M. T. Hunter, a 
 Senator from Virginia, presided over the Senate. While in Georgia 
 Stephens made speeches critical of Davis’ administration and influenced 
 Gov. Joseph E. Brown against it. Hoping to aid in establishing peace, 
 Stephens returned to Richmond in Dec. 1864 and presided over the Senate 
 in Jan. 1865. 
 
 On visits to Richmond in 1863 and 1865 Stephens performed missions 
 for the Government. On July 3, 1863, he went down the James River with 
 Robert Ould (the Confederate ’’Agent of Exchange”) to City Point to nego¬ 
 tiate with Union representatives on the exchange of prisoners, but after the 
 battle of Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg the U.S. Government declined 
 to participate in such negotiations. Stephens had hoped to formulate 
 measures for establishing peace. Following visits by Francis P. Blair, 
 Sr., an unofficial U. S. representative, to Richmond, President Davis in 
 Jan. 1865 appointed Stephens, Assistant Secretary of War John A. Camp¬ 
 bell, and Senator R. M. T. Hunter as peace commissioners. They met 
 President Lincoln and Secretary Seward on a steamship off Fort Monroe 
 on Feb. 3 for an informal conference of several hours’ duration. No 
 agreement resulted from the meeting for Lincoln insisted on the restora¬ 
 tion of national authority, emancipation of Negro slaves, and no armistice, 
 while Davis would accept nothing less than independence. After the defeat 
 of the Confederacy Stephens was arrested at Crawfordsville, Ga., and 
 confined at Fort Warren until Oct. 1865. 
 
 William H. Hidell began serving as secretary to the Vice President 
 in 1861, and after an act of Oct. 13, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 85), author¬ 
 ized the appointment of a secretary, he continued in the position until the 
 end of the war. 
 
 James Z. Rabun, ’’Alexander 
 H. Stephens and Jefferson Davis, ” 
 American Historical Review, 58: 
 
 290-321 (Jan. 1953); Rudolph R. Von 
 Abele, Alexander H. Stephens, a 
 Biography (New York, 1946). 
 
 Collections of papers of Alexander H. Stephens held for many years 
 by relatives are now divided among a number of repositories. Mrs. Mary 
 Holden, Stephens’ niece, sold a large collection of his papers to Bernard 
 M. Baruch, who presented it to the Library of Congress. The papers of 
 Linton W. Stephens, Stephens’ half brother, were presented by the former’s 
 daughter. Mother Claude Stephens, to the library of Manhattanville College 
 of the Sacred Heart. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1834-83 
 (7,000 items), in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress con¬ 
 sist almost entirely of letters received, both official and personal. Many 
 letters from Georgians and others requested assistance in obtaining ap¬ 
 pointments under the Confederate Government in the executive departments 
 and in the military service. There are letters of congratulation, inquiries, 
 comments on his speeches, requests for help in obtaining furloughs and re¬ 
 lief for soldiers, and appeals from the parents of hospitalized U.S. sol¬ 
 diers. Letters from soldiers describe conditions in camps in various parts 
 of the Confederacy. A small number of letters from the heads of executive 
 departments and other officials are dated in the early part of the war. A 
 
VICE PRESIDENCY 
 
 71 
 
 microfilm of this collection is in Emory University Library. 
 
 Smaller collections of Stephens papers are in other repositories. 
 
 The Linton W. Stephens papers in the library of Manhattanville College of 
 the Sacred Heart contain correspondence of A. H. Stephens, 1834-72 (3,053 
 items), which reveals his attitude toward problems and policies of the Con¬ 
 federacy. Microfilm of this correspondence is in the Library of Congress 
 and in the Libraries of the University of Arkansas, Duke University, the 
 University of Georgia, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, the 
 University of North Carolina, Princeton University, the University of 
 Rochester, the University of Virginia, and the University of Washington. 
 Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1837-82 (1,900 items), in Emory Univer¬ 
 sity Library include correspondence with Georgia and Confederate officials 
 and with President Davis concerning Stephens’ attempt in 1863 to confer 
 with Abraham Lincoln on prisoner exchanges. The correspondence also 
 includes applications and recommendations for appointments in the Army, 
 the Navy, and the Confederate Government; appeals for aid in obtaining 
 discharges from the military service; and letters of introduction. Stephens’ 
 prison diary of 1865 is also in Emory University Library. Alexander H. 
 Stephens papers, 1822-1911 (3,029 items and 3 vols.), in Duke University 
 Library include personal, legal, and political correspondence. The war¬ 
 time correspondence concerns his activities as Vice President and as an 
 opponent of the administration, his opinions on the conduct of the war, and 
 his participation in the Hampton Roads conference in 1865. This reposi¬ 
 tory also has letters of Stephens in other collections of personal papers. 
 
 The papers of W. H. Hidell, Stephens’ wartime secretary, in the Historical 
 Society of Pennsylvania collections, include letters from Stephens, 1858-82 
 (300 items). 
 
 Myrta L. Avary, ed., Rec ¬ 
 ollections of Alexander H. Stephens ; 
 His Diary Kept When a Prisoner at 
 
 Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, 1865 ; 
 Giving Incidents and Reflections of 
 His Prison Life and Some Letters 
 and Reminiscences (New York, 
 
 1910); Henry Cleveland, Alexander 
 H. Stephens in Public and Private; 
 With Letters and Speeches, Before, 
 During, and Since the War (Phila¬ 
 delphia, 1866); Ulrich B. Phillips, 
 ed., The Correspondence of Robert 
 Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, 
 
 and Howell Cobb (American His¬ 
 torical Association, Annual Report, 
 1911, vol. 2, Washington, 1913); 
 James Z. Rabun, ed., ”A Letter 
 for Posterity: Alex Stephens to His 
 Brother Linton, June 3, 1864, " 
 Emory University Publications, 
 Sources & Reprints , ser. 8, no. 3 
 (Atlanta, 1954); Alexander H, Ste- 
 hens, A Constitutional View of the 
 Late War Between the States; Its 
 
 Causes, Character, Conduct, and 
 Results Presented in a Series of 
 Colloquies at Liberty Hall (2 vols.; 
 Philadelphia, 1868-70); Rudolph R. 
 Von Abele, Alexander H. Stephens , 
 a Biography (New York, 1946); James 
 H. Young, ’’Alexander H. Stephens 
 Papers in the Emory University 
 Library, ” Emory University Quar¬ 
 terly , 2:30-37 (Mar. 1946). Phillips, 
 in the compilation cited here, gives 
 a calendar of previously printed 
 Stephens letters including those in 
 the Official Records . . .Armies, 
 ser. 2 and 4. Campbell’s memo¬ 
 randum on the Hampton Roads con¬ 
 ference of Feb. 1865 is in John A. 
 Campbell, Reminiscences and Doc ¬ 
 uments Relating to the Civil War 
 during the Year 1865, p. 11-17 (Balti¬ 
 more, 1887), and in ’’Papers of Hon. 
 John A. Campbell--1861-1865, ” 
 Southern Historical Society Papers, 
 42:45-52 (1917). 
 
V. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 
 
 The Department of State was established by an act of Feb. 21, 1861 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 29), which provided for a Secretary of State 
 who was to correspond with and direct Confederate representatives abroad 
 and negotiate with ministers from foreign nations. An act of Feb. 27, 1861 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 42), authorized the appointment of an Assistant 
 Secretary of State, and William M. Browne was appointed to the position in 
 March. He resigned on Apr. 22, 1862, and the duties of the Assistant 
 Secretary were performed thereafter by the chief clerk, a position filled 
 successively by William F. Alexander, Philip P. Dandridge, and Lucius Q. 
 Washington. William J. Bromwell became disbursing clerk after the de¬ 
 parture of Alexander in 1861 and continued in that capacity throughout the 
 war. 
 
 The Confederate Government sent representatives abroad to negotiate 
 for recognition by the governments of Europe, promote commercial relations, 
 and obtain loans of money. InMar. 1861 William L. Yancey, Pierre A. Rost, 
 and Ambrose Dudley Mann traveled to England and then to France. Mann 
 went on to Belgium and Rost went to Spain. Yancey returned to the Confed¬ 
 eracy early in 1862, and Rost resigned in May 1862. In Aug. 1861 James 
 M. Mason was appointed commissioner to Great Britain and Ireland and 
 John Slidell was sent to France. They stayed on in Europe but were no 
 more successful than their predecessors in promoting the interests of the 
 Confederacy. Lucius Q. C. Lamar was designated a commissioner to 
 Russia in Nov. 1862. He spent some time early in 1863 in England and 
 France, but since his appointment was not confirmed by the Senate he did 
 not serve in Russia. From Belgium, A. Dudley Mann was sent to Rome in 
 the fall of 1863 with a letter to Pius IX from President Davis. Another 
 Confederate emissary to the Vatican, Bishop Patrick N. Lynch, was given 
 a papal audience in 1864 but concluded no treaty. Robert Dowling was a 
 commercial agent in Cork and Queenstown, Ireland. Other Confederate 
 representatives abroad included Colin M. McRae, financial agent, and 
 James Williams, both unsuccessful in an attempt to recruit Polish exiles 
 in western Europe for Confederate service late in 1864. Duncan F. Kenner 
 went to Europe on an abortive secret mission in 1865 to present to the gov¬ 
 ernments of England and France an offer to abolish slavery in the South in 
 exchange for recognition. 
 
 The Confederacy also employed propaganda agents in Europe to sup¬ 
 plement the efforts of the commissioners. Henry Hotze promoted the pub¬ 
 lication in English newspapers of material favorable to the South and issued 
 a weekly journal. The Index, containing news and comment on Confederate 
 affairs. He sent James L. Capston, Father John Bannon, and others to 
 
 72 
 
STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 73 
 
 Ireland to frustrate Union recruiting efforts there. Other Confederates 
 who contributed to the propaganda campaign in England included Comdr. 
 Matthew F. Maury, Confederate Navy agent, Alfred T. Bledsoe, former 
 Assistant Secretary of War, Robert B. Campbell, former U.S. consul in 
 London, John L. O’Sullivan, former U.S. minister in Portugal, John R. 
 Thompson, who became the editor of The Index, and Rose O’Neal Green- 
 how, who became associated with Commander Maury in aiding the Society 
 for Promoting the Cessation of Hostilities in America. Mrs. Greenhow 
 also went to France where she obtained an interview with Napoleon III, 
 contacted French bankers and diplomats, and worked with Commander 
 Maury in his efforts to obtain warships. 
 
 Edwin De Leon, journalist and former U.S. consul general in Egypt, 
 served in France as a propagandist for the Confederacy from 1862 to 1864. 
 He was assisted in this work by Charles F. Girard, Paul Pecquet du 
 Bellet, Edward Gaulhac, and George McHenry. 
 
 The Confederate Government hoped to establish friendly relations 
 with Mexico for supply purposes. John T. Pickett, a former U.S. consul 
 at Vera Cruz, was sent to Mexico in 1861 to contact the Juarez Government. 
 He reached Vera Cruz and Mexico City but through indiscretions became 
 persona non grata and left the country at the end of 1861. He employed 
 John S. Cripps as his agent at Mexico City. On his departure, Pickett 
 appointed Charles Rieken acting Confederate agent in Vera Cruz to report 
 on events in Mexico. 
 
 More important to the Confederacy was the northeastern area of 
 Mexico bordering on Texas. Juan A. Quintero went to Monterrey as a 
 Confederate agent in 1861 and was received by Gov. Santiago Vidaurri of 
 Nuevo Ledn and Coahuila, who upon obtaining control of the neighboring 
 state of Tamaulipas in the spring of 1862 opened the port of Matamoras to 
 Confederate trade. The Mexican border states thereafter furnished muni¬ 
 tions and other supplies, and ordnance and small arms came in from 
 abroad by way of Matamoras. Richard Fitzpatrick served as commercial 
 agent of the Confederacy at that port. Bernard Avegno was appointed to a 
 similar post at Vera Cruz in Dec. 1862 and was succeeded there in 1864 by 
 Emile La S§re. Maj. Gen. William Preston was appointed minister to 
 Maximilian’s Government in Jan. 1864, but efforts to negotiate a treaty of 
 friendship and commerce were unsuccessful. 
 
 A number of Confederate agents operated in Canada in 1864. James 
 P. Holcombe, in Halifax, investigated the case of the Union steamer Ches¬ 
 apeake, believed to have been captured by escaped Confederates, and ar¬ 
 ranged for the repatriation of other Confederates who had escaped to Can¬ 
 ada from U.S. prisons. He also visited border towns in Quebec and On¬ 
 tario to find Confederates and arrange their return to the Confederacy. 
 
 Jacob Thompson and Clement C. Clay, Jr., attempted to promote anti- 
 Northern feeling in Canada and to direct raids on U.S. territory. Holcombe 
 was associated with them as a third commissioner, and George N. Sanders 
 worked with the commissioners. Thompson made an unsuccessful effort 
 to subvert the Sons of Liberty through Clement L. Vallandigham and fi¬ 
 nanced efforts by Benjamin P. Churchill, Lt. John W. Headley, Col. 
 
 Robert M. Martin, and others to burn several hotels and Barnum’s Muse¬ 
 um in New York. A plot of Capts. Thomas H. Hines and John B. Castle- 
 man and other Confederates to free the Confederate prisoners at Camp 
 Douglas, Ill., with the aid of Copperheads was foiled. Bennett Y. Young 
 led a raid on the town of St. Albans, Vt., and escaped with more than 
 
74 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 $200,000 from three banks. A group led by John Y. Beall and Bennett G. 
 Burley, acting masters in the C.S. Navy, captured the steamers Philo 
 Parsons and Island Queen on Lake Erie, but they were unsuccessful in 
 using them to board the U. S. S. Michigan in a plan to free Confederate 
 prisoners on Johnson’s Island, off Sandusky, Ohio. George Dawson visited 
 Quebec, Montreal, and Toronto in 1864 in an unsuccessful effort to promote 
 the organization of an association favorable to recognition of the Confeder¬ 
 acy. 
 
 Confederate agents in the Bermudas and the West Indies who were 
 primarily engaged in the transshipment of munitions for the War and Navy 
 Departments also functioned for the State Department. These agents in¬ 
 cluded Charles J. Helm at Havana, Cuba; Louis Heyliger at Nassau, New 
 Providence; and Maj. Norman S. Walker at Saint George, Bermuda. John 
 T. Bourne, a local commission merchant of Saint George, acted as Con¬ 
 federate commercial agent there and was joined by Major Walker early in 
 1863. 
 
 Besides conducting the diplomatic and consular business of the Con¬ 
 federacy, the Department of State performed several domestic functions. 
 The Secretary countersigned commissions and pardons and preserved re¬ 
 cord copies of those documents and the original texts of Presidential proc¬ 
 lamations. An act of May 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 101), required 
 captains of private armed vessels applying for letters of marque and re¬ 
 prisal to file applications with the Secretary of State. The Department 
 became the depository of secession ordinances, ratifications of the Perma¬ 
 nent Constitution, and conventions between the States and the Government 
 of the Confederacy. It was the central depository of copyright records and 
 of copyrighted works. The Great Seal of the Confederacy was also in the 
 Department’s custody. For a few months in 1861 the Department had cus¬ 
 tody of the original laws and resolutions adopted by Congress and arranged 
 for their publication in newspapers. An act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. 
 C.S. A. Stat. 207), required judicial officers to prepare affidavits on the 
 loss of slaves and other property seized by the enemy and forward them to 
 the Department for preservation. Under an act of Mar. 17, 1862 (1 Cong. 
 C.S. A. Stat. 2), owners of property destroyed to prevent its use by the 
 enemy were authorized to file evidence of losses with the Department of 
 State. It was also the duty of the Department to furnish Members and offi¬ 
 cers of Congress with passports permitting them to travel in the Confed¬ 
 eracy and to arrange with the War Department for the issue of passes to 
 foreigners for travel purposes. 
 
 Successive Secretaries of State: 
 
 Robert Toombs, Feb. 27, 1861. 
 
 Robert M. T. Hunter, July 25, 1861. 
 
 William M. Browne (acting), Feb. 19, 1862. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, Mar. 25, 1862. 
 
 Ephraim D. Adams, Great 
 Britain and the American Civil War 
 (2 vols.; London and New York, 
 
 1925); Charles P. Cullop, ’’Edwin 
 De Leon, Jefferson Davis’ Propa¬ 
 gandist, ” Civil War History , 8:386- 
 400 (Dec. 1962); Charles L. Dufour, 
 "Rebel Propagandist: Henry Hotze, " 
 
 in Nine Men in Gray , p. 267-297 
 (New York, 1963); Charles F. Girard, 
 A Visit to the Confederate States o f 
 America in 1863; Memoir Addressed 
 to His Majesty Napoleon HI, trans. 
 and ed. by William S. Hoole (Tusca¬ 
 loosa, 1962); Martin H. Hall, "Colo¬ 
 nel James Reily’s Diplomatic 
 
STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 75 
 
 Missions to Chihuahua and Sonora, " 
 New Mexico Historical Review, 31: 
 232-242 (July 1956); Sheldon H. 
 Harris, ’’John L. O’Sullivan Serves 
 the Confederacy, ” Civil War His¬ 
 tory, 10:275-290 (Sept. 1964); 
 William W. Henry, ”Kenner’s Mis¬ 
 sion to Europe, ” William and Mary 
 Quarterly, 25:9-12 (July 1916); 
 
 James D. Horan, Confederate Agent ; 
 a Discovery in History (New York, 
 1954); Charles L. Lewis, Matthe w 
 Fontaine Maury, the Pathfinder of 
 the Seas (Annapolis, 1927); Ruth A. 
 Nuermberger, The Clays of Ala ¬ 
 bama; a Planter-Lawyer-Politician 
 Family (Lexington, Ky., 1958); 
 
 Frank L. Owsley, King Cotton Di ¬ 
 plomacy; Foreign Relations of the 
 Confederate States of America 
 
 (Chicago, 1931); Paul Pecquet du 
 Bellet, The Diplomacy of the Con ¬ 
 federate Cabinet of Richmond and 
 Its Agents Abroad, Being Memoran¬ 
 dum Notes Taken in Paris During 
 the Rebellion of the Southern States 
 from 1861 to 1865, ed. by William S. 
 Hoole (Tuscaloosa, 1963); Ishbel 
 Ross, Rebel Rose; Life of Rose O ’¬ 
 Neal Greenhow, Confederate Spy 
 (New York, 1954); Louis M. Sears, 
 
 John Slidell (Durham, N. C., 1925); 
 William W. White and Joseph O. 
 Baylen, ’’Pierre A. Rost’s Mission 
 to Europe, 1861-1863, ” Louisiana 
 History, 2:322-331 (Summer 1961); 
 Robin W. Winks, Canada and the 
 United States; the Civil War Years 
 (Baltimore, 1960). 
 
 Nearly all the records of the Confederate Department of State were 
 saved at the time of the evacuation of Richmond. Preparations for moving 
 the records were made in Mar. 1865; William J. Bromwell removed re¬ 
 cords from Richmond for concealment at the end of March. He reported 
 to Secretary Benjamin on Apr. 5, 1865, that he had deposited the records, 
 including some placed earlier at the Danville Female Academy, at Char¬ 
 lotte, N. C., and had arranged with A. C. Williamson for their removal if 
 necessary. Papers on the secret activities of the Department were destroyed 
 by Secretary Benjamin. 
 
 Evidence available indicates that Bromwell and John T. Pickett, 
 former Confederate envoy to Mexico, planned to sell the Department’s re¬ 
 cords. Bromwell returned to Richmond after the war and began the prac¬ 
 tice of law, but he moved to Washington toward the end of 1866 to become 
 an associate in Pickett's law office (Isaac N. Morris & Co.). It is possi¬ 
 ble that he recovered the Department’s records at this time and took them 
 to Washington, where Pickett became the agent for their sale. 
 
 Pickett's initial efforts to sell the records to the U.S. Government 
 were unsuccessful. Secretary of State Seward was not interested in 1868, 
 and when Secretary of War Rawlins recommended the purchase in 1869 the 
 price was considered too high. The President’s offer of a small partial 
 payment with an appropriation to be recommended later was not accepted. 
 Pickett also failed to interest private persons, such as William W. Cor¬ 
 coran, the Washington banker to whom the records were offered for 
 $25,000, and Jacob Thompson, ex-Confederate Army officer and agent. 
 
 After 1871, however, when Congress provided for the adjudication of 
 the claims of Southern loyalists, the Government became interested in the 
 possibilities of using the records in that connection. Comdr. Thomas O. 
 Selfridge, U.S.N. Ret., examined in Pickett’s presence the records then 
 deposited at Hamilton, Ontario, and reported on Apr. 15, 1872, that he be¬ 
 lieved them to be the entire archives of the Confederate Department of 
 State. By an act of Congress of June 10, 1872 (17 Stat. 350), funds were 
 appropriated to enable the Secretary of the Treasury to buy records 
 
76 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 relating to claims against the United States. At a meeting on June 26, 
 
 1872, in the office of James M. Edmunds, Washington postmaster, attended 
 by Pickett, Secretary of the Interior Columbus Delano, Senator Zachariah 
 Chandler, and Attorney Nathaniel Paige, it was agreed that $75,000 would 
 be paid for the archives of the Confederate Department of State upon their 
 receipt by Henry D, Cooke, a Washington banker. Selfridge examined the 
 records that were received in Washington and on July 2 reported to the 
 Secretary of the Interior that they were the same records he had previously 
 inspected in Canada. Asa O. Aldis and Orange Ferriss, Commissioners 
 of Claims, assured the Secretary of the Treasury on July 3 of the genuine¬ 
 ness of the records and of the value they would have in proving the disloy¬ 
 alty of claimants by showing they had served the Confederacy. On that date 
 $75,000 was paid to Pickett, who, according to W. J. Bromwell’s affidavit 
 of Sept. 3, 1872 (John T. Pickett Papers, Library of Congress), retained 
 less than half of it. It is believed that Bromwell received the remainder. 
 The records were placed in the Treasury Department and were used in 
 later years by the Commissioners of Claims, the U.S. Court of Claims, 
 and attorneys of the Justice Department in adjudicating war claims. 
 
 In 1904 the Librarian of Congress obtained an order from President 
 Roosevelt for the transfer of the Confederate State Department records to 
 the Library. Since some were still being used by the Treasury Depart¬ 
 ment in the settlement of claims, it was agreed that only diplomatic re¬ 
 cords would be transferred. A schedule listing the records that were 
 delivered to the Library was signed on Nov. 23, 1906. The Treasury De¬ 
 partment transferred the remainder of the records on Oct. 26, 1910. Both 
 groups of records are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Con¬ 
 gress and are described below. 
 
 At the time he sold the State Department records to the U.S. Govern¬ 
 ment, Pickett retained some duplicates and copies of Department corre¬ 
 spondence. He offered them to the Southern Historical Society in Aug. 1873, 
 but the offer was declined. On Apr. 1, 1886, Pickett sold this collection to 
 the War Department "for the sum of $5 & other valuable considerations. " 
 
 At an unknown date the collection was lent to John Hay, possibly for use in 
 writing his biography of Lincoln. After Hay's death the records (14 vols.) 
 remained in his Washington house that was used by his daughter, Mrs. 
 James D. Wadsworth. In Apr. 1925 Senator Wadsworth informed the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress of their existence, and in May the Library acquired them. 
 
 John T. Pickett Papers and 
 Causten-Pickett Papers, Library 
 of Congress; James M. Callahan, 
 "The Confederate Diplomatic Ar- 
 chives--The 'Pickett Papers, ’ " 
 South Atlantic Quarterly , 2:1-9 (Jan. 
 r903); Irvine, "Fate of Confederate 
 Archives. " p. 826-828; Claude H. 
 Van Tyne and Waldo G. Leland, 
 Guide to the Archives of the Gov- 
 
 ernment of the United States in Wash¬ 
 ington, p. 73-74 (Washington, 1907). 
 The schedule and the list accompany¬ 
 ing the transfers of 1906 and 1910 are 
 in the General Records of the Treas¬ 
 ury Department (Record Group 56), 
 Division of Bookkeeping and War¬ 
 rants, Cotton and Captured Property 
 Records. 
 
 Record Group 59 . --A few letters of Confederate diplomats are 
 among some intercepted papers of Confederates in the General Records of 
 the (U.S.) Department of State in the National Archives. A letter to James 
 M. Mason from Edgar P. Stringer, managing director of the Mercantile 
 
DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 77 
 
 Trading Co., Ltd., London, Sept. 16, 1863, and Mason’s reply. Sept. 19, 
 concern the agreement between that company and Caleb Huse, the War De¬ 
 partment procurement agent in England. P. A. Rost's despatch no. 1 
 from Madrid, Mar. 21, 1862, reports on his arrival there and his interview 
 with the Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs. A letter from Rost to W. L. 
 Yancey, Mar. 22, 1862, gives an account of his trip from Paris to Madrid 
 and his reception by the Spanish Government. Edwin De Leon's despatch 
 to Secretary Benjamin, Sept. 30, 1863 (no. 10), comments on affairs in 
 England and France, the arrival of the Florida in France, and the move¬ 
 ments of Napoleon III. John T. Pickett's despatch of Aug. 25, 1861 (no. 7), 
 from Mexico is included. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Correspondence and other papers of 
 Robert Toombs are in the University of Georgia Library. The Robert M. 
 
 T. Hunter papers in the University of Virginia Library (available on micro¬ 
 film) contain some correspondence relating to his activities as Secretary 
 of State. A much smaller collection of Hunter papers in the Archives Di¬ 
 vision of the Virginia State Library contains little on diplomacy. Judah 
 P. Benjamin had papers with him in England after the war and furnished 
 some copies to Jefferson Davis and James M. Mason, but before his death 
 he destroyed his manuscripts. An incomplete series of duplicate instruc¬ 
 tions from Benjamin to A. Dudley Mann, Apr. 1862-Oct. 1864, is in the 
 Library of Congress. Copies of a few Benjamin letters of the war period 
 have been collected from a number of repositories by the American Jewish 
 Archives in Cincinnati. Other letters addressed to Benjamin during Jan. - 
 Mar. 1865 on official matters are in the Ryder Collection of Confederate 
 Archives in Tufts College Library. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 The Confederate Department of State initiated many different series 
 of records modeled after those maintained by its U.S. counterpart. Re¬ 
 lated series of records in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Con¬ 
 gress are described below. Some series were subdivided when more 
 emissaries were appointed. 
 
 Diplomatic Correspondence 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -The diplomatic correspondence in the 
 Library of Congress consists of a number of series of instructions to en¬ 
 voys and despatches received from them. Instructions to commissioners 
 and agents. Mar. 16, 1861-Mar. 29, 1862 (1 vol.), consist of fair copies of 
 letters to Yancey, Rost, Mann, Mason, Slidell, Pickett, Quintero, Helm, 
 and Hotze, giving directions on their duties, supplying information on 
 measures taken by the Confederate Government, and transmitting useful 
 papers and publications. Instructions to the commissioner to Great Brit¬ 
 ain (James M. Mason), Apr. 5, 1862-Dec. 30, 1864 (1 vol.), also contain 
 instructions to the special commissioner to the British North American 
 provinces (James P. Holcombe), Feb. 15, Feb. 24, and Apr. 20, 1864. 
 Other series are instructions to the commissioner to France (John Slidell), 
 Apr. 5, 1862-Dec. 27, 1864 (1 vol.), and instructions to the commissioner 
 to Belgium (A. D. Mann), Apr. 5, 1862-Oct. 10, 1864 (1 vol.). The latter 
 volume also contains instructions regarding missions to Denmark and the 
 Vatican and copies of President Davis' correspondence with Pius IX. The 
 
78 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 instructions to the commissioner to Spain (P. A. Rost), Apr. 5-Sept. 26, 
 1862 (1 vol.), also contain instructions to the envoy to Mexico (William 
 Preston), Jan. 7-July 22, 1864 (p. 200-233). With the instructions to the 
 commissioner to Russia (L. Q. C. Lamar), Nov. 19, 1862-June 11, 1863 
 (1 vol.), is a letter from Burton N. Harrison to the Secretary of State con¬ 
 cerning the failure of the Senate to confirm the nomination of Lamar. In¬ 
 structions to commercial and confidential agents, Apr. 14, 1862-Jan. 3, 
 
 1865 (1 vol., p. 55-179), are addressed to Avegno, De Leon, Dowling, 
 Fitzpatrick, Helm, Hotze, La Sdre, Quintero, and Walker. 
 
 The 14 volumes received by the Library of Congress from Senator 
 Wadsworth only partly duplicate the correspondence in other extant series. 
 Volumes 3-5 and 7-14 contain copies of the diplomatic instructions and 
 despatches; they may contain despatches missing from the regular files. 
 Volumes 1-4 contain selected copies of other correspondence in the letters- 
 sent books on domestic matters. 
 
 The despatches from the commissioners and agents in the Library 
 of Congress are filed in chronological order in numbered series in docu¬ 
 ment boxes. Most files are fairly complete, but some despatches were 
 never received and others are missing. Despatches from the commission¬ 
 ers to Europe (Yancey, Rost, and Mann), May 21, 1861-Mar. 22, 1862, in¬ 
 clude some addressed to President Davis and some written by the commis¬ 
 sioners' secretary, John W. Fearn. Despatches from Great Britain 
 (James M. Mason), Oct. 5, 1861-May 1, 1865, include some written in 1864 
 from Paris. There are a few gaps in the despatches from France (John 
 Slidell), Feb. 11, 1862-Feb. 24, 1865. The despatches from Belgium (A. 
 
 D. Mann), May 5, 1862-Dec. 16, 1864, include letters from President Davis 
 to Pius IX, Sept. 23, 1863, and the Pope's letter to Davis, Dec. 3, 1863. 
 
 The despatches from Spain (P. A. Rost), Dec. 24, 1861-June 16, 1863, in¬ 
 clude some unofficial letters from France after he resigned from the post 
 in Spain. The despatches from the commissioner to the Vatican (P. N. 
 Lynch), Mar. 3-June 20, 1864, concern his journey to Europe and his visit 
 to Paris but not his audiences with the Pope. The despatches from the 
 commissioner to Russia (L. Q. C. Lamar), Mar. 2 and July 22, 1863, and 
 a letter of Mar. 11, 1863, all originated in London. The commissioners' 
 despatches concern travel to their posts, negotiations with foreign govern¬ 
 ments, propaganda activities, transactions with Confederate business agents, 
 finances, the sale of cotton, the activities of the Confederate Navy, infor¬ 
 mation about European affairs and public opinion, and reports on inventions. 
 Related enclosures include copies and extracts of official correspondence 
 with foreign governments, newspaper clippings, letters to officials of the 
 Confederate Government, and letters from private companies about inven¬ 
 tions. Despatches from William G. Mann of Dec. 23, 1861, and Jan. 10 
 and 27, 1862, concern both affairs in Italy and the attitude of the Italian 
 Government and people toward the Confederacy. 
 
 The despatches in the Library of Congress from the commercial and 
 other agents are not numerous. The largest group is that of Henry Hotze 
 from London, including his official numbered despatches, Jan. 6, 1862- 
 Sept. 17, 1864, and an unnumbered series. Mar. 17, 1862-Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 With Hotze's despatches are copies of his letters of June and Aug. 1863 to 
 correspondents in Europe and in New York. Despatches from agents in 
 Ireland include those from James L. Capston (Dublin and Queenstown), 
 
 Oct. 1, 1863-Aug. 24, 1864; from Father John Bannon, Nov. 17, 1863-May 
 28, 1864; from Robert Dowling (Queenstown), Nov. 25, 1863, and Jan. 28, 
 
DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 79 
 
 1864; and James F. Lalor, undated. There are also Edwin De Leon's des¬ 
 patches from France, July 30, 1862-Feb. 3, 1864, no. 15 and no. 10, re¬ 
 ferred to above. Colin J. McRae, the Confederate financial agent in Europe, 
 wrote on Apr. 15, 1864, concerning his efforts to recover funds from Ed¬ 
 win De Leon, and his letters of Oct. 19, Nov. 4, and Nov. 18, 1864, concern 
 his and James Williams' recruiting activities. 
 
 Also in the Library of Congress are despatches from Mexico includ¬ 
 ing those from J. T. Pickett, from Mar. 13, 1861,to Jan. 28, 1862; Juan A. 
 Quintero in Monterrey, Chihuahua, Matamoros, and Brownsville, from 
 June 1, 1861,to Dec. 7, 1864; Charles Rieken in Vera Cruz, from Sept. 9, 
 1862, to July 16, 1863, reporting on the operations of French military forces; 
 from William Preston in Havana, from Feb. 13, 1864,to Jan. 31, 1865, in¬ 
 cluding letters to the President; Richard Fitzpatrick in Matamoras, from 
 Jan. 23, 1863, to Mar. 8, 1864; Emile La S$re in Vera Cruz, July 22, 1864; 
 and Bernard Avegno in Matamoras, from Dec. 30, 1862,to Mar. 30, 1863, 
 including letters of Jan. 10, Jan. 14, and Mar. 30, 1863, to the Secretary 
 of the Treasury and Mar. 30, 1863, to the President. John S. Cripps 
 wrote on Apr. 22, 1862, from Mexico City concerning the intervention of 
 European countries in Mexico. Col. John S. Ford wrote to Assistant 
 Secretary Browne from Fort Brown, Tex., Mar. 17 and Apr. 3, 1862, on 
 behalf of Quintero regarding affairs in Mexico, enclosing copies of his 
 correspondence with Quintero, with the Mexican commander in Matamoras, 
 and with Col. Phillip N. Luckett, 3d Texas Infantry, then at Fort Brown. 
 
 There are files of numbered despatches and letters in the Library of 
 Congress from the following agents in the West Indies and Bermuda: C. J. 
 Helm in Havana, Sept. 30, 1861-Dec. 17, 1864; Louis Heyliger in Nassau, 
 June 28, 1862- Dec. 19, 1864; and Norman S. Walker in Saint George, Feb. 
 23, 1863-Aug. 2, 1864. These communications relate to negotiations with 
 officials of the islands regarding Confederate trade and naval vessels, the 
 attitude of these officials, public opinion in the islands, materials that 
 might be purchased there, the promotion of Confederate trade, the for¬ 
 warding of despatches to and from Europe, and the shipment of books, sta¬ 
 tionery, and provisions. 
 
 From each of several agents sent to Canada in 1864 there are, in the 
 Library of Congress, a few letters and telegrams. James P. Holcombe's 
 communications are dated Feb. 29-June 18, 1864; others are from Clement 
 C. Clay, June 17, Aug. 11, and Sept. 12, 1864; Jacob Thompson, Apr. 29, 
 May 2, May 12, and Dec. 3, 1864; Thompson and Clay, May 3, 1864; Capt. 
 George Dawson, July 26-Oct. 27, 1864, and Edwin G. Lee, Dec. 15, 1864. 
 
 Very little documentary ma¬ 
 terial was published by the Confed¬ 
 erate Department of State during 
 the war. Its principal publication 
 was Correspondence of the Depart¬ 
 ment of State, in Relation to the 
 British Consuls Resident in the 
 Confederate States (Richmond, 
 1863). Much of the diplomatic corre¬ 
 spondence has been published in Offi¬ 
 cial Records. . . Navies , ser. 2, 
 vol. 3, which also contains a list of 
 the records of the Department of 
 
 State (p. 19-26) and a calendar of 
 diplomatic correspondence(p. 34-89). 
 More correspondence is in Official 
 Records . . . Armies, ser. 4, vols. 
 2-3. Volume 2 of Richardson's 
 Messages and Papers of the Confed¬ 
 eracy is devoted entirely to diplomatic 
 correspondence; the compilation is 
 incomplete, however, for it lacks 
 important despatches of Mason and 
 Slidell, and parts of other despatches 
 are deleted. A long letter from John 
 T. Pickett to Manuel de Zamacona, 
 
80 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 the Mexican Minister of Foreign 
 Affairs, Sept. 16, 1861, is in His ¬ 
 panic American Historical Review , 
 2:611-617 (Nov. 1919). Bishop 
 Lynch’s despatches to Secretary 
 Benjamin, Mar. 3, Mar. 25, and 
 June 20, 1864, are published in 
 "Reports of Bishop Lynch of 
 Charleston, South Carolina Com¬ 
 missioner of the Confederate States 
 to the Holy See, " American Cath- 
 olic Historical Researches, n.s., 
 1:248-259 (July 1905). 
 
 The destruction of American 
 merchant ships by Confederate 
 cruisers built in England caused 
 the U.S. Government to present 
 claims to the British Government 
 during and after the war. These 
 claims became known as the Ala¬ 
 
 bama Claims, because most of the 
 losses were inflicted by the C.S.S. 
 Alabama. The records of the U.S. 
 Department of State and documentary 
 publications concerning these claims 
 are described in the Guide to Feder ¬ 
 al Archives Relating to the Civil 
 War, p. 163-167, and in National 
 Archives, Preliminary Inventory [No . 
 135] of Records Relating to Civil War 
 Claims--United States and Great 
 Britain, comp, by George S. Ulibarri 
 and Daniel T. Goggin (Washington, 
 1962). The British Foreign Office 
 also accumulated related records, 
 which are described in Great Brit¬ 
 ain, Public Record Office, List of 
 Foreign Office Records to 1878 
 Preserved in the Public Record 
 Office, p. 19-20 (London, 1929). 
 
 Miscellaneous Correspondence 
 
 Records in Other Custody . -- Other correspondence of the Confeder¬ 
 ate Department of State in the Library of Congress concerns mainly do¬ 
 mestic affairs of the Confederacy although some concerns foreign emis¬ 
 saries. Fair copies of letters sent and telegrams. Mar. 11, 1861-Feb. 23, 
 1865 (2 vols.), indexed by names of persons and offices, are arranged 
 chronologically. The letters are to heads of departments and bureaus on 
 official matters, to Members of Congress on subjects under consideration 
 by Congress and on passports and letters of marque; to newspaper editors 
 about subscriptions and the publication of laws and proclamations; to the 
 public printers (Reid & Shorter) on the publication of laws and contracts for 
 the Department’s printing; to State Governors concerning the ratification 
 of conventions with the Confederacy and political prisoners; to applicants 
 for letters of marque; to collectors of customs regarding passports and 
 letters of marque; to commissioners in Europe enclosing drafts for sala¬ 
 ries; to secretaries of missions abroad regarding their accounts; to busi¬ 
 ness firms making payments and ordering books; to the Comptroller of the 
 Treasury concerning the Departmental accounts; to individuals concerning 
 claims; and to Rose O’Neal Greenhow, Louis Heyliger, and Catherine V. 
 Baxley on payments for their service. Resignations of the Secretaries and 
 other officials, appointments, and letters on personnel matters are also in 
 these books. Communications to the President and Congress, July 30, 
 1861-Jan. 5, 1865 (1 vol.), transmit information or documents requested by 
 Congress, nominations of diplomatic representatives for confirmation by 
 Congress, estimates of appropriations, and lists of diplomatic correspond¬ 
 ence. 
 
 A file of miscellaneous letters received. Mar. 4, 1861-Feb. 23, 1865 
 (6 in.), in the Library of Congress, arranged chronologically, contains 
 those received by the Secretary of State and his subordinates. Letters 
 from Government officials. Members of Congress, and State Governors 
 concern requests for information, foreign consuls in the Confederacy, 
 
DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 81 
 
 passports, commissions of appointees to Government positions, conditions 
 in the South, the activities of State agents and commissioners, the release 
 of prisoners, and other matters. From Departmental employees there are 
 applications for furloughs and resignations. Letters from political pris¬ 
 oners request explanations of their arrest and include petitions for release. 
 Letters from collectors of customs concern applications for letters of 
 marque. Letters on disbursing matters were addressed to W. J. Brom- 
 well. Communications from Malcolm H. MacWillie, the delegate from 
 Arizona Territory, concern Arizona and New Mexico. There are letters 
 addressed to the President and referred by him or his aides to the Depart¬ 
 ment of State. Other letters concern the confirmation of appointments of 
 diplomatic representatives, foreign trade, Mexican affairs, the remuner¬ 
 ation of agents, and foreign consuls in the Confederacy. A letter from 
 Father John Bannon, Sept. 2, 1863, recommends enlisting the sympathies of 
 the Holy See. Nathaniel B. Tucker’s letter from Halifax of Mar. 7, 1864, 
 concerns Confederates in Canada who had escaped from Federal prisons. 
 
 An alphabetical index to these miscellaneous letters by name of person, 
 office, or State is available. 
 
 There are smaller files of correspondence among the Confederate 
 State Department records in the Library of Congress. Letters from Wil¬ 
 liam H. Trescott, Aug. 3-21, 1861, concern conversations with the British 
 and French consuls at Charleston, S.C., on the admission of Confederate 
 prizes to British and French ports and a proposal of Charleston merchants 
 to use the steamer Nashville to break the blockade. There are letters from 
 the Executive Office and from Congress communicating resolutions of Con¬ 
 gress with texts of some resolutions, Feb. 1861-Nov. 1864. A few trans¬ 
 mittal letters, Jan. 11, 1862-Feb. 14, 1864, relate to documents (not iden¬ 
 tified) regarding the loss of slaves and the destruction of property by 
 Federal troops. Correspondence relating to Indian affairs includes a letter 
 from Gov. Edward Clark to the President enclosing a report of the Texas 
 Indian commissioners of Apr. 23, 1861, letters from Albert Pike of May 
 29 and Nov. 25, 1861, and a certificate of the election of Robert M. Jones 
 as the delegate from the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations to Congress. 
 Correspondence between Robert Quid and Lt. Col. William H. Ludlow, 
 
 Sept. 25-Dec. 11, 1863, concerns the exchange of military prisoners. Cor¬ 
 respondence between General Beauregard and Maj. Robert Anderson and 
 the Confederate Secretary of War, Apr. 8-12, 1861, relates to the surren¬ 
 der of Fort Sumter. Correspondence of William M. Browne, as a member 
 of the Board of Managers of the Georgia Relief and Hospital Association in 
 Richmond, Dec. 6, 1861-Jan. 30, 1862, concerns the authority of the Board 
 over hospitals in Richmond. 
 
 Personnel Records 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Library of Congress are incom¬ 
 plete personnel records for all branches of the Confederate Government. 
 Applications and recommendations for appointments, Feb. 11, 1861-Jan. 9, 
 1865 (3 in.), are arranged chronologically. Addressed to the Secretary of 
 State, the President, heads of departments, and Congressmen, they relate 
 to appointments in the executive departments, judiciary. Army, Navy, 
 diplomatic corps, and territorial administration. The file includes Presi¬ 
 dential nominations. Senate confirmations, and recommendations and me¬ 
 morials on behalf of applicants. Correspondence relating to appointments. 
 
82 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 nominations, and commissions of civil officials, Sept. 3, 1861-Mar. 11, 
 
 1865 (1 1/2 in.), with lists of persons recommended, concerns appointments 
 to positions in Richmond and elsewhere. Commissions and appointments, 
 Aug. 13, 1861-Mar. 28, 1865 (3 vols.), show name, position, and date and 
 are signed by the President and the Secretary of State. These volumes are 
 indexed by name. Commissions issued to special commissioners to the 
 U.S. Government and to commissioners and agents to foreign nations, Feb. 
 27, 1861-Jan. 28, 1865 (1 voL), are accompanied by letters of credence 
 and special passports. A few acting appointments by the President, Mar. 
 
 19, 1861-Oct. 29, 1864 (1 vol., p. 29-35), are for positions in the executive 
 departments. There are 33 oaths of office of Cabinet officers and Depart¬ 
 mental clerks, Feb. 27, 1861-Feb. 7, 1865. Resignations of R. M. T. 
 Hunter, Feb. 17, 1862, and William M. Browne, Apr. 22, 1862, are accom¬ 
 panied by acceptances by the President. 
 
 Financial Records 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Accounts, receipts, and related corre¬ 
 spondence of the Confederate Department of State, Mar. 18, 1861-Mar. 25, 
 1865 (1 1/2 in.), are in the Library of Congress. There are letters from 
 the Secretary cf the Treasury and from representatives abroad concerning 
 financial matters; from the Comptroller of the Treasury regarding the 
 adjustment of the disbursing officer's accounts; from John Fraser & Co. 
 of Charleston and Fraser, Trenholm & Co. of Liverpool concerning the 
 payment of accounts and drafts; from newspapers regarding subscriptions; 
 and from postmasters about forwarding letters. There are memoranda by 
 W. J. Bromwell, accounts of diplomatic and commercial agents and De¬ 
 partment employees, receipts for salary payments, drafts of indemnity 
 bonds, and bills for printing. There is an account of contingent expenses 
 of the commission at London, Feb. 10, 1862-Nov. 16, 1863, submitted by 
 J. E. McFarland on Feb. 9, 1864. An account book of William F. Alexan¬ 
 der, Apr. 23-July 27, 1861, shows amounts deposited with the Confederate 
 Treasurer and checks drawn, with a few warrants on the Confederate 
 Treasurer by Alexander for June and July 1861. There are checkbook stubs. 
 Mar. 19-May 19, 1861, showing checks drawn on the Bank of Montgomery 
 for salaries and other Department expenses. Canceled checks, Apr. 30- 
 June 27 and Aug. 10-Sept. 27, 1861, also show payments made by W. F. 
 Alexander and W. J. Bromwell. Other items include duplicate drafts of 
 the Treasurer in favor of commissioners and agents abroad, 1862-63. an 
 estimate of Department expenses for 1865, foreign-currency exchange 
 vouchers of John Slidell for Apr., June, and Sept. 1864, and payrolls of 
 Department employees. Sept, and Dec. 1863. There are receipts for dis¬ 
 bursements, Apr. 30, 1861-Mar. 31, 1865 (2 in.), for supplies, services, 
 and salaries. 
 
 Additional financial records in the Library of Congress are in book 
 form. A cashbook. Mar. 19, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865, contains a daily record of 
 receipts and disbursements for salaries, telegraph expenses, publications, 
 printing the laws, advertising, office furniture, and supplies. There is a 
 ledger of disbursements. Mar. 19, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 (1 vol.), under the 
 foreign intercourse fund, for salaries, the expenses of foreign commis¬ 
 sioners and agents, and other expenses. Foreign service personal ac¬ 
 counts, Mar. 18, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 (1 vol.), show payments made to indi¬ 
 vidual commissioners, agents, secretaries, and Fraser, Trenholm & Co. 
 
DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 83 
 
 An appropriation expense record book, Feb. 1864-Mar. 1865, shows 
 amounts of appropriations and amounts withdrawn for compensation and 
 expenses of commissioners and secretaries, clerks, commercial agents, 
 and the Secretary of State. Requisitions on the Treasury Department, July 
 31, 1862-Mar. 28, 1865 (1 vol.), show the appropriations to be charged. 
 
 A secret service account book, with the Chicago Historical Society 
 collections, is a remnant; most of the pages have been removed. 
 
 Maritime and Naval Records 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Library of Congress are applica¬ 
 tions for letters of marque and reprisal and related correspondence, Apr. 
 13, 1861-May 4, 1864 (2 in.). Among these are applications from owners of 
 vessels, bonds of the principal and sureties, letters from collectors of 
 customs with registers of commissions issued to privateers, requests for 
 copies of commissions, and resignations. There are letters from collec¬ 
 tors of customs at Beaufort, Brunswick, Charleston, Fernandina, St. 
 Marks, Savannah, and Wilmington in reply to the Secretary of the Treas¬ 
 ury, Oct. 16-30, 1861, regarding the effectiveness of the blockade. State¬ 
 ments of vessels entering and clearing southern ports, Jan. 1861-Mar. 
 
 1863, are accompanied by covering letters from the Secretary of the Treas¬ 
 ury. They are available for Charleston, Darien, Fernandina, Galveston, 
 Georgetown, Mobile, New Orleans, Pensacola, Port Lavaca, St. Marks, 
 Savannah, and Wilmington. Declarations concerning an attack by a U. S. 
 warship on the Margaret and Jessie in June 1863 are accompanied by a 
 letter from Fraser & Co. of Charleston, June 24, 1863. There are records 
 concerning the murder of William A. Andrews, commanding officer of the 
 C.S.S. Sumter , by Joseph G. Hester at Gibraltar on Oct. 15, 1862. An 
 affidavit, Jan. 13, 1862, of J. W. Zacharie, a New Orleans merchant, con¬ 
 cerns Zacharie’s apprehension on Dec. 7, 1861, aboard the British schoo¬ 
 ner Eugenie Smith in Mexican waters, by the commander of the U. S. S. St. 
 Jago de Cuba. A proposal of Ernest de Bellot of Paris, Sept. 5, 1861, for 
 a maritime postal service for the Confederacy accompanies a letter from 
 Thomas H. Ellis of Richmond, Va., Oct. 5, 1861. A letter from George 
 McHenry and his associates to President Davis, Jan. 13, 1863, presents a 
 plan for the establishment of a steamship service between Queenstown, 
 Ireland, and Norfolk, Va., after the end of the war. With it is a letter 
 from J. H. Reagan to the President, Mar. 14, 1863, commenting on the 
 proposal, which would have involved a postal contract with the Confederacy. 
 Statements of claims of British merchants and other papers, 1863-64, re¬ 
 late to cargoes of the U.S. ships A manda and Express destroyed by the C. 
 
 S. S. Alabama. Letters sent by Comdr. Raphael Semmes, July 6, 1861- 
 Jan. 24, 1862 (20 items), are addressed to officials and business firms in ports 
 in Cuba, South America, and the West Indies and to Cddiz and Gibraltar-- 
 all ports where the C.S.S. Sumter called during its voyage from New Or¬ 
 leans to Gibraltar--and to members of the ship’s crew. They are accom¬ 
 panied by a transmittal letter from the Secretary of the Navy to the Presi¬ 
 dent, Mar. 25, 1862. Finally, there is a record of the arrival and depart¬ 
 ure of vessels at Bermuda and Nassau, 1861-65 (1 vol.). 
 
 Other Records 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -The duties of the Department of State 
 
84 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 resulted in the accumulation of certain other records that are in the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress. Copies of pardons, Dec. 9, 1862-Dec. 6. 1864 (1 vol.), 
 are for such crimes as theft, forgery, mail robbery, counterfeiting, and 
 bribery. Messages of the President to Congress, 1862-65, are in printed 
 form. Letters received relating to copyright records, Oct. 21, 1863-May 
 20, 1864 (1/2 in.), are from clerks of district courts with lists of copy¬ 
 righted works giving titles, dates of deposit, and names of depositors with 
 information regarding titles published from 1861. Some title pages and 
 sheet music are included. Applications for passports. Mar. 18, 1862-Mar. 
 23, 1865 (3 in.), are from individuals and from officials on behalf of others. 
 They include affidavits of nativity or residence, surgeons’ certificates of 
 exemption from military service, physical descriptions, and military or¬ 
 ders for leaves of absence. Stubs of passports granted, July 28, 1863-Mar. 
 28, 1864 (2 vols.), give age, physical description, date, and signature of 
 bearer. These are for passports numbered 252-558; the earlier stubs are 
 missing. 
 
 The papers relating to claims for property destroyed by the enemy, 
 the property owners, and Confederate forces are missing, but two index 
 volumes in the Library of Congress provide some information. An index 
 to testimony concerning property taken or destroyed by the enemy, ar¬ 
 ranged alphabetically by name of claimant or agent, gives information on 
 more than 1,400 claims. The property is noted only infrequently. A simi¬ 
 larly prepared index to 338 claims for property destroyed by Confederates 
 lists cotton, houses and other buildings, schooners, and timber and naval 
 stores. Information concerning claims against Mexico is included in the 
 latter index. 
 
 A diary of Judah P. Benjamin, Feb. 22, 1862-Dec. 12, 1864 (1 vol.), 
 in the Confederate Department of State records in the Library of Congress, 
 is mainly a record of events drawn from newspapers and official documents 
 but includes notes on the policy to be adopted toward foreign consuls, the 
 exemption of foreign residents, the departure of agents to foreign countries, 
 and an interview with Count Henri Mercier, the French minister in Wash¬ 
 ington, who visited Richmond in Apr, 1862. 
 
 Letters from Foreign Consuls 
 
 The Confederate Government permitted foreign consuls residing in 
 the South in 1861 to remain there. Most numerous were the British consuls 
 at Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New Orleans, Galveston, 
 Wilmington, and Key West. French consuls were at Richmond, Charleston, 
 New Orleans, Galveston, Baton Rouge, Mobile, Key West, Savannah. 
 Wilmington, and Norfolk. At Richmond consuls were able to serve as in¬ 
 termediaries between their own governments and the Confederacy. Among 
 other activities, they issued passports and clearances for vessels. In 
 Oct. 1863, however, the British consuls were forced to leave when they 
 attempted to interfere with the recently adopted Confederate policy of con¬ 
 scripting foreigners who had overstayed their time limits. 
 
 An incomplete list of consuls 
 and agents of foreign countries is 
 in Official Records . . .Navies, 
 ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 12. See also 
 Milledge L. Bonham, Jr., The 
 
 British Consuls in the Conf ederacy 
 {New York, 1911) and "The French 
 Consuls in the Confederate States. ” 
 in Studies in Southern History and 
 Politics; Inscribed to William 
 
DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS 
 
 85 
 
 Archibald Dunning , p. 83-104 (New 
 York, 1914); Great Britain, Parli¬ 
 ament, Correspondence Respect ¬ 
 ing Removal of British Consuls 
 From So-Styled Confederate States 
 of America (House of Commons, 
 
 Sessional Papers , 1864. vol, 23, 
 London, 1864); Gordon Wright, "Ec¬ 
 onomic Conditions in the Confeder¬ 
 acy As Seen by the French Consuls, " 
 Journal of Southern History, 7:195- 
 214 (May 1941). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Letters received by the Confederacy from 
 foreign consuls. May 20, 1861-May 24, 1864 (4 in.), in the Library of Congress 
 concern the seizure, imprisonment, and conscription of citizens of foreign 
 countries; lawsuits involving British-owned vessels; claims for the destruc¬ 
 tion of ships and cargoes by the C. S. S. Alabama; the purchase and shipment of 
 tobacco; the expulsion of British consuls; and the detention of British ships 
 in Confederate ports. Besides such documentary enclosures as corre¬ 
 spondence with State authorities and Army officers, court records, 
 memorials, instructions to consuls, affidavits, and newspaper clippings, 
 this file includes letters from State Governors and the War Department. 
 The papers are arranged alphabetically by name of country and chronolog¬ 
 
 ically thereunder. 
 
 The records of the Depart¬ 
 ment of State can be supplemented 
 by other documentary materials. 
 
 The records of the British Consu¬ 
 late at Savannah, Ga., dating from 
 1859, acquired by Emory Univer¬ 
 sity Library from Keith M. Read in 
 1938 consist largely of letters re¬ 
 ceived. The correspondents in¬ 
 clude the Secretary of State, the 
 Secretary of War, Richard B. P. 
 Lyons (British minister in Wash¬ 
 ington), and Gov. Joseph E. Brown 
 of Georgia. The letters relate 
 mostly to the conscription of Brit¬ 
 ish subjects by the Confederate 
 Army, the blockade of Confederate 
 ports, and proofs of British citizen¬ 
 ship. Other files of the same Con¬ 
 sulate, dating from 1816, in Duke 
 University Library include letters 
 received from British citizens re¬ 
 garding conscription, redress for 
 being unjustly punished or impris¬ 
 oned on charges of being abolition¬ 
 ists or Union spies, and corre¬ 
 spondence relating to British-owned 
 cotton and timber seized during the 
 war. The records of Alfred Paul, 
 French consul in Richmond, in the 
 New-York Historical Society col¬ 
 lections contain chiefly copies of 
 letter.s sent, 1860-63 (7 vols.), to 
 
 officials in France but include some 
 to the Secretary of State. Corre¬ 
 spondence and other papers of 
 Eugene M^jan, Feb. -May 1862 (85 
 items), are in the Library of Con¬ 
 gress. He served as French consul 
 at New Orleans. Reports of Laurent 
 M. J. de Give are contained in Paul 
 Evans and Thomas P. Goven, trans. 
 and ed., "A Belgian Consul on Con¬ 
 ditions in the South in 1860 and 1862, " 
 Journal of Southern History, 3:478- 
 491 (Nov. 1937). 
 
 The reports sent by the consuls 
 of European countries to their min¬ 
 istries of foreign affairs are with 
 the records of those ministries. 
 
 See Daniel H. Thomas and Lynn M. 
 Case, eds., A Guide to Manuscripts 
 Relating to American History in 
 B ritish Depos itori es Reproduced for 
 the Division of Manuscripts of the 
 Library of Congre ss, p. 52-53 
 (Washington, 1946). The reports 
 from the British consuls and other 
 records of the Foreign Office re¬ 
 lating to the war in America were 
 published in the British Sessional 
 Papers ; see P. and G. Ford, A 
 Guide to Parliamentary Papers 
 (Oxford, 1956), and Robert H. Jones, 
 "The American Civil War in the 
 British Sessional Papers; Catalogue 
 
86 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 and Commentary, ” American Phi- 
 losophical Society Proceedings, 
 107:415-426 (Oct. 15, 1963). A 
 
 microprint edition of the British 
 Sessional Papers is available from 
 the Readex Corporation, Chester, Vt. 
 
 RECORDS OF COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS 
 
 Commissioners to the United States 
 
 On Feb. 25, 1861, in an effort to obtain a peaceful separation from 
 the Union, President Davis appointed Andr^ B. Roman of Louisiana, Mar¬ 
 tin J. Crawford of Georgia, and John Forsyth of Georgia commissioners 
 to the United States to obtain recognition of the Confederacy; to effect the 
 transfer of Federal forts, arsenals, and other public property; and to 
 arrange for the settlement of indebtedness and other matters that might 
 arise. President Lincoln refused to receive the commissioners, but Sec¬ 
 retary of State Seward negotiated with them through Supreme Court Justices 
 John A. Campbell and Samuel Nelson. Lincoln’s decision to relieve Fort 
 Sumter and the attack on the fort on Apr. 12-13 terminated the negotiations. 
 
 Records in Other Custo dy. - -The records of the Commissioners to 
 theUnitedStates were deposited by their secretary, JohnT. Pickett, in the 
 Office of the Secretary of State on May 6, 1861, and are now in the Confed¬ 
 erate Department of State's records in the Library of Congress. These 
 records, Feb. 27-Apr. 29, 1861, include instructions and letters from the 
 Secretary of State, letters and telegrams of the commissioners and their 
 secretary to the Secretary of State, letters to Secretary of State Seward 
 and to Jefferson Davis, notes of Justice Campbell, Pickett’s memoranda, 
 and telegrams. Transcripts of part of the records for Mar. 3-Apr. 27, 
 
 1861 (labeled "R. Toombs Letter Book") are in the South Caroliniana 
 Library of the University of South Carolina and in the John G. Nicolay 
 papers in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. Roman’s 
 instructions, his appointment, and a few letters are among his papers in 
 the Louisiana State University, Department of Archives (La Villebeuvre 
 papers). Copies of the report of the Confederate commissioners on the 
 Hampton Roads conference and related documents are in the Burton N. 
 Harrison papers in the Library of Congress. 
 
 The commissioners’ appoint¬ 
 ment order is in Official Records 
 . . . Armies , ser. 1, vol. 51, pt. 
 
 2, p. 8. Correspondence between 
 the commissioners and Seward is 
 in Davis, Rise and Fall of the Con¬ 
 federate Government, 1:675-685, 
 in Stephens, Constitutional View , 
 2:735-746, and in Rowland, ed., 
 Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist. 
 
 5:86-99. Justice Campbell’s corre¬ 
 spondence with Seward and Davis is 
 in the works of Stephens and Row¬ 
 land and in "Papers of Hon. John A. 
 Campbell--1861-1865, " Southern 
 Historical Society Papers , 42:30-41 
 (1917), which also contains a memo¬ 
 randum by Campbell on the part he 
 played in the negotiations. 
 
 Commissioners and Agents Abroad 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -In the Naval Records Collection of the Office of 
 Naval Records and Library are copies of some of John Slidell’s official 
 records. 
 
 Record Group 109.--Correspondence of Clement C. Clay, Jr., 
 
COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS 
 
 87 
 
 Apr. 27, 1864-Mar. 26, 1865 (1/2 in.), is in the War Department Collection 
 of Confederate Records. Included are letters from Jacob Thompson and 
 James P. Holcombe, from agents assigned projects in the United States 
 and from Confederates in Canada with information about U.S. prisons they 
 escaped from. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The papers, 1838-70, of James M. 
 
 Mason were purchased by the Library of Congress in 1912. They include a 
 despatch book, letters received, and other records relating to his activi¬ 
 ties as Confederate commissioner at London. The despatch book, Feb. 2, 
 1862-May 1, 1865, contains fair copies of letters to the Secretary of State 
 concerning Mason's negotiations with the British Government, his contacts 
 with other Confederate commissioners and naval officers in Europe, his 
 visits to Paris, the operations of Confederate cruisers, the activities of 
 British sympathizers, the arrivals of Confederate ships in British ports, 
 and inventions of possible interest to the Confederacy. Mason’s papers 
 for the period July 27, 1861-June 29, 1865, amount to 8 volumes 
 (1 ft. 5 in.) of correspondence and other documents. Letters received 
 are from the Secretary of State; heads of other executive departments; 
 
 Lord John Russell; Clement C. Clay, Jr.*, and James P. Holcombe in 
 Canada; and from John Slidell in Paris* James Spence of Liverpool; Fraser, 
 Trenholm & Co. of Liverpool; and Emile Erlanger of Paris. There are 
 also letters from the Society for Promoting the Cessation of Hostilities in 
 America to Members of Parliament, from the Reverend Francis W. Trem- 
 lett, the Society’s secretary, from the Southern Independence Association 
 of Manchester, and from Williams. Lindsay, William Gregory, and other Eng¬ 
 lishmen who supported the Confederate cause. Other Confederates in Europe 
 with whom Mason corresponded were James D. Bulloch, William G. Cren¬ 
 shaw, Henry Hotze, Caleb Huse, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, James E. McFar¬ 
 land, A. Dudley Mann, Matthew F. Maury, James H. North, Raphael 
 Semmes, and George T. Sinclair. There are cotton certificates and war¬ 
 rants, statements and depositions concerning naval and marine matters, 
 and lists of supplies to be furnished by contractors to the Confederate 
 Government. 
 
 In Duke University Library are a few letters of Mason concerning 
 his contacts with A. J. B. Beresford-Hope, a member of the London com¬ 
 mittee of the Society for Promoting the Cessation of Hostilities in America. 
 
 Virginia Mason, ed., The 
 Public Life and Diplomatic Corre ¬ 
 spondence of James M. Mason, 
 with Some Personal History , (Roa¬ 
 noke, 1903); Great Britain, Parlia¬ 
 ment, Correspondence with Mr . 
 Mason Respecting Blockade and 
 Recognition of Confederate States 
 (House of Commons, Sessional 
 
 Papers , 1863, vol. 72, London, 
 1863), Correspondence with Mr . 
 Mason, Commissioner of the So- 
 
 Styled Confederate States of America 
 (House of Commons, Sessional Pa¬ 
 
 pers , 1864, vol. 62, London, 1864). 
 Printed leaflets and letters of James 
 Spence and Alexander Collie & Co. 
 of London, 1863-65, are in the papers 
 of Edward Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 
 (1st Earl of Wharncliffe), the presi¬ 
 dent of the Southern Independence 
 Association, in the Sheffield City Li¬ 
 braries, Sheffield, England. 
 
 The William L. Yancey papers, 1846-63, in the Alabama Department 
 of Archives and History include drafts of despatches to the Secretary of 
 State and communications to P. A. Rost and Lord John Russell for 1861, 
 
88 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 letters of Rost, Apr. 7 and 24, 1862, and a letter of Caleb Huse, July 3, 
 1862, concerning his purchasing activities for the Confederate Government 
 in Europe. A diary of Yancey, May 15-June 18, 1861, describes his jour¬ 
 ney to Europe and his travels there. 
 
 Papers of other Confederate representatives and employees in Europe 
 also include official correspondence. P. A. Rost’s papers, Aug. 24, 1861- 
 May 29, 1862 (22 items), in the Royal Academy of History, Madrid, con¬ 
 sist of instructions, letters, and a report on an interview with a Spanish 
 official. A. Dudley Mann’s correspondence, 1862-64,is in microfilm form 
 in the Louisiana State University Department of Archives. Secretary 
 Benjamin’s commission to Bishop Patrick N. Lynch and letters concerning 
 his mission to the Vatican are in the archives of the Roman Catholic Dio¬ 
 cese of Charleston, S. C. Colin J. McRae’s papers, 1837-66 (200 items), 
 in the Alabama Department of Archives and History include correspondence 
 and a letters-sent book, Oct. 9, 1864-Mar. 31, 1865, containing copies of 
 letters and reports to Secretary Benjamin, letters received from James 
 Williams, and McRae’s account with Williams. The papers of Henri 
 Vignaud, Slidell’s secretary in Paris, in the Louisiana State University 
 Department of Archives include letters of 1862 from Eugene Dumez con¬ 
 cerning Confederate diplomatic missions in France and England and efforts 
 to obtain recognition of the Confederacy. The Lucius Q. C. Lamar papers 
 in the Alabama Department of Arciilves and History include his instructions 
 and appointment and copies of his letters to Secretary Benjamin. The 
 Lamar-Mayes papers in the Mississippi Department of Archives and His¬ 
 tory include some of Lamar’s wartime correspondence. The Duncan F. 
 Kenner papers in the Department of Archives of Louisiana State University 
 and in the Louisiana State Museum Library include documents relating to 
 his mission to Europe in 1865. 
 
 Ignacio Bauer, ’’Lista Cron- 
 oldgica de Documentos Encontrados 
 en la Cartera C. S. A., Iniciales que 
 Significan ’Confederate States of 
 America, ’ y Abandonados por el 
 Delegado del Presidente Jefferson 
 Davis en Espaha, Mr. P. A. Rost, ” 
 
 Real Academia de la Historia 
 Boletfn , 76:161-162 (Feb. 1920); 
 
 Joseph O. Baylen and William W. 
 
 White, eds., "A. Dudley Mann’s 
 Mission in Europe, 1863-64; an Un¬ 
 published Letter to Jefferson Davis, ” 
 
 Virginia Magazine of History and 
 Biography , 69:324-328 (July 1961), 
 
 contains a letter of Feb. 12, 1864. 
 
 A few documents from the Lamar 
 papers are in Edward Mayes, 
 
 Lucius Q. C. Lamar; His Life , 
 
 Incomplete records of Henry Hotze as Confederate agent in London 
 are in the Library of Congress. A despatch book contains copies of com¬ 
 munications to the Secretary of State, James M. Mason, and Isaac Camp¬ 
 bell; letters from Campbell and Edwin De Leon; and a record of 
 
 Times and Speeches, 1825-1893 
 (Nashville, 1896). 
 
 George N. Sanders’ papers, 
 1854-64 (mostly 1860-61, 1 1/2 in.), 
 in Record Group 109 contain abstracts 
 of outgoing letters from Paris dur¬ 
 ing May-Aug. 1864 to the Secretary 
 of State and others concerning the 
 release from detention of the C.S.S. 
 Rappahannock , the repair of the C. 
 
 S. S. Alabama, the attitude of French 
 officials toward the destruction of 
 the Alabama, the construction of 
 naval vessels, and Confederate 
 finances and propaganda. Sanders 
 appears to have had no official con¬ 
 nection with the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment at the time he was in Paris. 
 
COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS 
 
 89 
 
 expenditures for secret purposes, Nov. 1861-Dec. 1864. A letters-sent 
 book, May 28, 1864-June 16, 1865, contains copies of letters to English, 
 French, German, and Italian correspondents regarding the publication of 
 material in The Index; letters to journalists in Brooklyn, Hartford, New 
 York, and Philadelphia who also served as correspondents; and letters to 
 James M. Mason, J. D. Bulloch, J. F. Lalor, Father John Bannon, Judah 
 P. Benjamin, George McHenry, John George Witt, and T. B. Kershaw, 
 the last-named of the Southern Independence Association, Manchester, Eng¬ 
 land. Hotze’s incoming letters, 1862-65 (65 items), are from John Slidell, 
 M. F. Maury, J. D. Bulloch, George Eustis (apparently working for 
 Slidell), George McHenry, Edwin De Leon, Colin J. McRae, and A. D. 
 Mann. 
 
 Published papers of Henry 
 Hotze include his secret service ac¬ 
 count and a letter to Judah P. Benja¬ 
 min, Dec. 31, 1864, inJ. Franklin 
 Jameson, ed., ’’The London Ex¬ 
 penditures of the Confederate Se¬ 
 cret Service, ” American Historical 
 Review, 35:811-824 (July 1930), and 
 
 a letter of Aug. 11, 1864, to John G. 
 Witt who did editorial work on The 
 Index, in Richard B. Harwell, ed., 
 "The Creed of a Propagandist; Let¬ 
 ter from a Coniederate Editor, " 
 Journalism Quarterly, 28:213-218 
 (Spring 1951). 
 
 Papers of other propaganda agents in Europe are also available. In 
 the University of Virginia Library is the diary, Feb. 29-Dec. 29, 1864, of 
 John R. Thompson, Hotze's assistant on The Index . James L. Capston's 
 papers. Sept. 1863-Jan. 1865, in the Confederate Museum collections in¬ 
 clude his despatches to Secretary Benjamin from Dublin, Cork, and Queens¬ 
 town; a list of men enlisted on the U.S.S. Kearsarge ; a salary receipt; and 
 a notice from the admiral of the port of Queenstown about the Queen's pro¬ 
 clamation prohibiting the enlistment of men for Confederate cruisers. 
 Matthew F. Maury's papers, 1825-74, in the Library of Congress include 
 correspondence relating to his services as a Confederate agent in London. 
 Especially numerous are his letters of Nov. 1863-Dec. 1864 to the Rev¬ 
 erend Francis W. Tremlett, a Confederate sympathizer. Maury's diary, 
 1863-68, notes his official activities and contacts with other Confederate 
 agents. Printed circulars issued by the Society for Promoting the Cessa¬ 
 tion of Hostilities are also among the Maury papers. Albert T. Bledsoe's 
 papers in the University of Virginia Library include letters from James 
 Spence and Edwin De Leon, and other Bledsoe papers (photostats) in the 
 Library of Congress include a few wartime letters. The papers, 1862-64, 
 of Edwin De Leon, Confederate agent in France, in the South Caroliniana 
 Library of the University of South Carolina include letters from Secretary 
 Benjamin, James M. Mason, Henry Hotze, and George McHenry; invoices 
 for printing and other purposes; and account and diary books, Jan. 1861- 
 Jan. 1865, showing disbursements, letters sent, money loaned, travel, 
 and miscellaneous activities. In addition, there are photostat copies of a 
 series of articles entitled "Secret History of Confederate Diplomacy 
 Abroad" written by De Leon for the New York Citizen. Microfilms of these 
 papers are in the American Jewish Archives at Cincinnati. There are De 
 Leon papers, 1861-85 (20 items), in the Library of Congress. 
 
 In promoting the cause of the Confederacy in England the Reverend 
 Francis W. Tremlett became acquainted with Confederate naval officers 
 stationed there or passing through. Some of his manuscripts, acquired by 
 
90 
 
 STATE DEPARTMENT 
 
 the Virginia Historical Society in 1925, consist of letters received, 1862-65, 
 from naval officers including J. H. North, R. B. Pegram, John J. McIn¬ 
 tosh, William H. Murdaugh, George T. Sinclair, and Raphael Semmes. 
 There are also letters from James M. Mason, Alfred T. Bledsoe, and 
 John Slidell. 
 
 On his return from Mexico in 1862 John T. Pickett deposited two 
 record books in the Confederate Department of State; these are with the 
 Department's records in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 A letters-sent book, June 15, 1861-Feb. 22, 1862, contains fair copies of 
 letters he wrote to the Secretary of State from Vera Cruz and Mexico City. 
 
 A long letter to the President, Jan. 11, 1864, in this book gives Pickett's 
 observations on Mexican affairs, an account of his return from Mexico in 
 1862, and information regarding the loss of duplicates of his despatches 
 mailed from a New Orleans post office. Enclosures to the despatches, 
 such as correspondence with the Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs and 
 newspaper clippings, are also copied in this book. A letter and account 
 book, June 15, 1861-May 5, 1862, contains fair copies of letters to the 
 postmasters at Brownsville and New Orleans, to Asst. Secretary William 
 M. Browne, to Mexican newspapers, to the ministers in Mexico from 
 Prussia and France regarding Pickett's arrest by the Mexicans, to Thomas 
 Corwin, (the U.S. minister) concerning the representation of the Confeder¬ 
 acy in Mexico, and letters to the Secretary of the Treasury enclosing 
 quarterly accounts of disbursements. 
 
 Among John T. Pickett's personal papers in the Manuscript Division 
 of the Library of Congress is a press copy book of letters sent, June 12, 
 1861-May 14, 1862 (part of a vol. for 1861-67), containing badly faded copies 
 of letters to the Secretaries of State and the Treasury, the President, W. 
 
 M. Browne, John S. Cripps, Charles Rieken, and others concerning his 
 activities as a Confederate agent. Pickett's despatch no. 17 of 1861, with 
 eight enclosures, to the Secretary of State is in the Hackley Public Library, 
 Muskegon, Mich. 
 
 Some of the papers of Confederate agents in Canada have been pre¬ 
 served. The Clement C. Clay, Jr., manuscripts acquired by Duke Uni¬ 
 versity Library from the Clay family in 1930 include correspondence on 
 his activities in Canada. What appears to be the original copy of Jacob 
 Thompson's report of Dec. 3, 1864, to Secretary Benjamin is in the Colum¬ 
 bus Delano papers in the Library of Congress (printed in Official Records 
 . . . Armies , ser. 1, vol. 43, pt. 2, p. 930-936). The Thomas H. Hines 
 [japers in the University of Kentucky Library include letters, expense ac- 
 counts, a diary, notebooks, and unpublished memoirs. The memoirs of 
 Benriett H. Young are in the Filson Club, Louisville, Ky. A microfilm 
 copy of the diary of Edwin G. Lee from Dec. 5, 1864, to Dec. 31, 1865, is 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. 
 
 L. N. Benjamin, comp.. The 
 St. Albans Raid; or. Investigation 
 into the Charges Against Lieut . 
 Bennett H. Young and Command, 
 for Their Acts at St. Albans, Vt. , 
 on the 19th October, 1864, Being a 
 Complete and Authentic Report of 
 All the Proceedings on the Demand 
 
 of the United States for Their Ex¬ 
 tradition, Under the Ashburton 
 Treaty (Montreal, 1865); John B. 
 
 Castleman, Active Service (Louis¬ 
 ville, 1917); John W. Headley, Con¬ 
 fede ra te Operations in Canada and 
 New York (New York, 1906); Thomas 
 H. Hines, "The Northwestern 
 
COMMISSIONERS AND AGENTS 
 
 91 
 
 Conspiracy, " Southern Bivouac, 
 5:437-445, 566-574, 699-704 (Dec. 
 1886-Apr, 1887); Daniel B. Lucas, 
 Memoir of John Yates Beall; His 
 Life, Trial, Correspondence ; 
 Diary; and Private Manuscript 
 Found Among His Papers, Includ¬ 
 ing His Own Account of the Raid on 
 Lake Erie (Montreal, 1865); Jacob 
 Thompson, A Leaf from History ; 
 Report of J. Thompson, Secret 
 Agent of the Late Confederate Gov ¬ 
 ernment Stationed in Canada for the 
 Purpose of Organizing Insurrection 
 in the Northern States (Washington, 
 
 1868?). The proceedings of the 
 military commission that tried 
 George St. Leger Grenfel and others 
 who conspired to release the Confed¬ 
 erate prisoners at Camp Douglas, 
 
 Ill., are in ’’George St. Leger Gren¬ 
 fel, ”JL_Ex^_Doc. 50, 39 Cong., 2 
 sess.. Serial 1290 (Washington, 
 
 1867). The proceedings of the mili¬ 
 tary commissions that tried John Y. 
 Beall and Robert C. Kennedy are in 
 the Records of the [U. S. ] Judge 
 Advocate General (Record Group 
 153), files NN 3513 and 3729. 
 
VI. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 
 
 The Department of the Treasury was established by an act of Feb. 
 
 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 30), which provided for the appoint¬ 
 ment of a Secretary of the Treasury, an Assistant Secretary, a Treasurer, 
 a Comptroller, an Auditor, and a Register. As the Department expanded 
 and acquired new functions by acts of Congress, other offices and bureaus 
 were added. A Lighthouse Bureau, a Produce Loan Office, and a War Tax 
 Office were organized in 1861, and a Second Auditor was appointed to audit 
 War Department accounts. A Third Auditor was designated in 1864 to 
 audit Post Office accounts. A Treasury Agent for the Trans-Mississippi 
 West took over the management of Departmental functions in that region 
 in 1864 after communication with it became difficult, and in the 
 same year a Treasury Note Bureau was established. An act of Feb. 23, 
 
 1865 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions , p. 54), established an Office 
 of Deposit to receive Treasury notes and drafts and funds of private 
 persons, to make payments on depositors’ checks, and to make loans to 
 the Government, but actually little was accomplished by the Office. 
 
 Besides the many depositaries in the States of the Confederacy, 
 depositaries were appointed in foreign countries where purchasing and 
 other financial activities took place. The commercial agents of the State 
 Department at Nassau, Havana, and Bermuda were designated as deposi¬ 
 taries. Early in the war the firm of Fraser, Trenholm & Co. of Liver¬ 
 pool was appointed a depositary to serve Confederate agents abroad. In 
 1862 Colin J. McRae went to Paris to complete arrangements for the Er- 
 langer loan, and in July of that year he was designated as the depositary to 
 receive the funds obtained. Later McRae became the Government’s finan¬ 
 cial agent in Europe, and Fraser, Trenholm & Co. became the sole depos¬ 
 itary. 
 
 When Richmond was evacuated early in Apr. 1865 some Treasury 
 Department records were shipped south by rail; other records were left in 
 Richmond. Part of the Second Auditor’s records and most of the Produce 
 Loan Office records were destroyed by fire there, and records of the 
 Treasury Note Bureau were destroyed at Anderson. S.C., by U.S. forces. 
 In May 1865 Col. Richard D. Cutts, U.S. A., shipped to Washington from 
 Richmond requisitions for funds, warrants, correspondence, printed 
 Treasury Department documents, many boxes of records of the Second 
 Auditor’s Office relating to the settlement of quartermasters’ and commis¬ 
 saries’ accounts, books of the Register’s Office relating to issues of Treas¬ 
 ury notes, records of the tax collector of the 10th Virginia District, and 
 some records of the Third Auditor relating to Post Office accounts. Other 
 Treasury Department records that had been abandoned at Washington, Ga., 
 
 92 
 
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 
 
 93 
 
 were also sent to Washington, D. C. There they were placed in the custody 
 of the War Department's Archive Office, which acquired also the records 
 of the Produce Loan Office, the depository at Macon, the Commissioner of 
 Taxes, and the First Auditor and certain canceled and uncanceled Confed¬ 
 erate notes. 
 
 A record of Second Auditor's accounts and miscellaneous papers re¬ 
 ceived by the Archive Office of the War Department in 1865 (Record Group 
 109, War Department Collection of Confederate Records, ch. Vm, vol. 34) 
 contains lists of the accounts by names of quartermasters, commissaries, 
 medical officers, ordnance officers, paymasters, and recruiting officers. 
 This record shows that other boxes contained Confederate money, railroad 
 vouchers, papers relating to claims filed on behalf of deceased soldiers, 
 transportation accounts, company returns, and miscellaneous papers. 
 
 Most of the records that were received by the War Department re¬ 
 mained in its custody until 1937, when they were transferred with other 
 Confederate records to the National Archives and became part of Record 
 Group 109. 
 
 The U. S. Treasury Department acquired other records of the Con¬ 
 federate Treasury Department soon after the war ended. Most of these 
 were obtained through U. S. Treasury special agents who had been appointed 
 to supervise trade and commerce in occupied areas of the Confederacy and 
 to handle captured, abandoned, and confiscable property. When these 
 agents closed their offices, they sent the Confederate records that they had 
 acquired to the U.S. Treasury Department. 
 
 In the course of time the U.S. Treasury Department acquired still 
 other Confederate records. In 1872 it purchased records of the Department 
 of State, which it later transferred, in 1906 and 1910, to the Library of 
 Congress. Records of the Cotton Bureau of the Trans-Mississippi Depart¬ 
 ment, a geographical military command, were purchased by the Commis¬ 
 sioners of Claims in 1873 and were later transferred to the Treasury De¬ 
 partment. The Department also acquired records of the Confederate 
 District Courts for the Southern District of Georgia and the Eastern 
 District of Texas by transfer from the War Department. Other U.S. 
 Treasury Department acquisitions included a few records of the States of 
 Louisiana and Mississippi, paper currency of Confederate States, and 
 other currency of Southern States and some counties, municipalities, and 
 private corporations. Many indexes, lists, and other compilations were 
 prepared by the U.S. Treasury Department to facilitate reference work on 
 the Confederate records. In 1920 the Confederate Treasury Department 
 records described below were transferred to the Library of Congress. 
 Having received the Confederate currency in 1937, in 1939 the National Ar¬ 
 chives received from the Treasury Department the Confederate records 
 that the Department had retained; these records constitute the Treasury 
 Department Collection of Confederate Records (Record Group 365). 
 
 National Archives, Prelimi- Confederate Records, comp, by 
 nary Inventory [No. 169] of the Carmelita S. Ryan (Washington, 
 
 Treasury Department Collection of 1967). 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 
 
 The act establishing the Treasury Department stipulated that the Sec¬ 
 retary of the Treasury was to have general superintendence of the collection 
 
94 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 of the revenue, the management of the Government’s finances, and other 
 duties vested in him by law. He was to appoint an Assistant Secretary who 
 was to examine all letters, contracts, and warrants prepared for the sig¬ 
 nature of the Secretary and perform other duties that might devolve upon 
 him. Philip Clayton was confirmed as Assistant Secretary on Apr. 2, 
 
 1861. He was succeeded by William W. Crump on May 20, 1864. The 
 position of chief clerk was filled successively by Henry D. Capers, Charles 
 A. Rose, John M. Strother, and John W. Hall. S. W. Hampton was dis¬ 
 bursing clerk from May 1861 to Aug. 1862, He was succeeded, presumably, 
 by Strother, who resigned from the positions of chief clerk and disbursing 
 clerk in July 1864. 
 
 Successive Secretaries of the Treasury: 
 
 Christopher G. Memminger, Feb. 21, 1861. 
 
 George A. Trenholm, July 18, 1864. 
 
 John H. Reagan (acting), Apr. 27, 1865. 
 
 Reports by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury were issued irregu¬ 
 larly as were other special reports; 
 these are listed in Crandall, Con¬ 
 federate Imprints, 1:192-194. The 
 reports are in C.S.A. Treasury 
 Department, "Reports of the Sec¬ 
 retary of the Treasury of the Con¬ 
 federate States of America, 1861- 
 65, compiled under the direction 
 of Brev. Maj. Gen. E. D. Town¬ 
 send, Adjutant General U. S. Army, 
 by Raphael P. Thian, Chief Clerk, 
 Adjutant General’s Office, " app. 
 
 HI (Washington, 1878), which is 
 
 available at the National Archives 
 and also on microfilm. Henry D. 
 Capers, The Life and Times of C. 
 
 G. Memminger (Richmond, 1893); 
 John C. Schwab, The Confederate 
 States of America, 1861-1865; a 
 Financial and Industrial History of 
 the South During the Civil War (New 
 
 York, 1901); Samuel B. Thompson, 
 Confederate Purchasing Operations 
 Abroad (Chapel Hill, 1935); Richard 
 
 C. Todd, Confederate Finance 
 (Athens, 1954); U.S. War Depart - 
 ment, Official Records . . .Armies , 
 ser. 4, vols. 1-3. 
 
 Record Group 109 . --The press copies of letters sent, Apr. 3, 1861- 
 Aug. 2, 1864 (ch. X, vols. 159-162, 165, 167-170, 173, and parts of vols. 
 163 and 172, 1 ft. 8 in.), comprise a chronological record of outgoing let¬ 
 ters, circulars, and regulations; name indexes appear in the front of the 
 volumes. The letters concern advertising, appointments and other per¬ 
 sonnel actions, acquisition of buildings for Government offices, claims, 
 collection of customs duties and war taxes, credits for European agents, 
 designs for coins, detection of counterfeiting, establishment of assay 
 offices, donations for the support of the Government, estimates of appro¬ 
 priations, fidelity bonds, purchase of war supplies, lighthouse districts, 
 marine hospitals, the disposition of revenue cutters, suspension of the 
 mints, settlement of accounts, subscriptions to loans. Treasury notes and 
 bonds, purchase of vessels for the Navy, special reports to Congress, and 
 other matters. Press copies of letters to customs collectors and deposi¬ 
 taries, Mar. 21, 1861-Mar. 31. 1865 (ch. X, vols. 164, 166, 171, and 174), 
 concern appointments, resignations, bonds of Produce Loan agents, exam¬ 
 ination of imported goods, export duties, counterfeit notes, transmission 
 of funds, canceling notes, reduction of office forces, and other matters. 
 
 A record of letters sent, Apr. 11, 1863-Oct. 8, 1864 (ch. X. vols. 171 1/2 
 and 175), shows name, position, and sometimes address of the person to 
 whom letters were sent and the subjects of the letters. Press copies of 
 
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 
 
 95 
 
 telegrams sent. Feb. 23-May 24, 1861 (ch. X, vol. 163, p. 1-324), are 
 addressed to Cabinet officers, collectors of customs, State Governors, the 
 President, Members of Congress, loan commissioners, mint superintend¬ 
 ents, Assistant Treasurers, and others. They concern appointments, pay¬ 
 ments, instructions, enforcement of the tariff act. import duties, official 
 bonds of employees, subscriptions to loans, financing the Government, 
 disposing of revenue cutters, and other matters. 
 
 A record of letters sent by the Chief Clerk’s Office, June 6, 1861- 
 Jan. 30, 1862 (ch. X, vol. 176), shows name, position, sometimes address 
 of the person written to, and subject. A register of letters sent containing 
 Treasury drafts, June 15, 1861-Feb. 5, 1864 (vol. 62A), shows date of the 
 letter and name and address of the person to whom it was sent. 
 
 A selection of outgoing letters 
 of the Secretary of the Treasury is 
 in appendix IV of the compilation by 
 Raphael P. Thian cited above. 
 
 Correspondence of the Secretary of 
 the Treasury is also in U.S. War 
 Department, Official Records . . . 
 Armies, ser. 4, vols. 1-3. 
 
 A file of orders, circulars, and regulations, 1863-65 (ch. X, vol. 
 264), consists chiefly of those of the Treasury Department but includes 
 some issued by the Adjutant and Inspector General to officers assigned to 
 carry out its regulations. 
 
 Other records include letters and reports received and related pa¬ 
 pers, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1864 (7 in.), from collectors of customs, deposi¬ 
 taries, Assistant Treasurers, other Government officials, business firms, 
 banks. Army officers, and receivers for sequestered alien-enemy proper¬ 
 ty. The documents concern appointments and other personnel actions, 
 operations, claims for services, construction of the New Orleans custom 
 house, payment of salaries, deposits of funds, requisitions for funds, 
 counterfeit currency, warrants. Treasury notes, estimates for funds, pay¬ 
 rolls for contingent services, returns, and vouchers. 
 
 A register of letters received, Jan. 2, 1861-Mar. 18, 1865 (ch. X. 
 vol. 158), shows by year the file number, name and address of the writer, 
 and date and subject matter of the communication. A register of applica¬ 
 tions for clerkships, Feb. 1861-Feb. 1865 (ch. X, vol. 156 1/2), shows 
 applicant’s name, residence, and date of application. A register of appli¬ 
 cations for appointments, presumably for 1862 (ch. X, vol. 156), shows 
 applicant’s name, residence, position for which he applied, and sometimes 
 names of recommenders and references. A register of applications for 
 appointments, Feb. -Aug. 1861 (ch. X, vol. 157), is similar in content. 
 
 The applications to which these registers refer were placed by the U. S. 
 
 War Department in the file of Confederate papers relating to citizens or 
 business firms described in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Letters received from James D. B. De Bow, the general agent of 
 the Produce Loan Office for Mississippi and Louisiana, Feb. 5, 1862-Jan. 
 20, 1865 (1/2 in.), relate to subscriptions to loans, appointments of sub¬ 
 agents, cotton purchases and transfers, illegal cotton trade with New Or¬ 
 leans, and transmission of accounts, circulars, and reports. 
 
 Requisitions on the Treasury Department for funds are in several 
 series. Civil and miscellaneous requisitions. Mar. 1861-Mar. 1864 
 X, vols. 251-261, 1 1/2 ft.), show the date, by whom requested, amount, 
 in whose favor, and appropriation charged. Interfiled with the requisitions 
 in these volumes are certifications of balances due for payments for 
 
96 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 services. Mar. 1861-Mar. 1864, showing on printed forms the date, name 
 of person to whom payment was due, his position in the Confederate Gov¬ 
 ernment or other employment, amount, and appropriation charged, with 
 the signatures of the First Auditor, the Comptroller, and the Register. 
 
 War Department requisitions for funds. Mar. 1861-June 1864 (ch. X, vols. 
 225-244, 3 ft. 8 in.), contain on printed forms requests that warrants for 
 funds be issued, showing date, requisition number, in whose favor to be 
 issued, purpose for which issued, amount, and appropriation charged. 
 
 Navy Department requisitions for funds. Mar. 1861-Sept. 1863 (ch. X. vols. 
 245 and 246), and customs service requisitions for funds. Mar. 1861-June 
 1864 (ch. X, vols. 248-250), contain printed forms with the same informa¬ 
 tion. The requisitions were countersigned by the Comptroller and regis¬ 
 tered by the Second Auditor. Copies of appropriation warrants issued by 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, Mar. 25, 1861-Feb. 17, 1862 (ch. X. vol. 
 220), give title and date of the appropriation act, purpose and amount, and 
 instructions to the Register and the Comptroller who also signed the war¬ 
 rants. 
 
 Some accounting records supply additional information on the De¬ 
 partment’s financial operations. The disbursing clerk's ledger of accounts. 
 Mar. 1861-Jan. 1865 (ch. X, vol. 122), contains a record of accounts with 
 Departmental employees, depositaries. Treasury and other Government 
 officials, banks, and other persons and firms, showing account names and 
 debits for bonds and stocks issued under acts of Mar. 23 and Apr. 30. 
 
 1863, and Feb. 17, 1864. Disbursing clerk’s receipts for contingent expen¬ 
 ses, 1862-63 (ch. X, vol. 263), show date, to whom paid, amount paid, 
 purpose of payment, and payee’s signature. Accounts of disbursing clerks 
 of the Secretary’s Office, the War Department, the Executive Office, the 
 Treasurer, and Quartermaster James L. Calhoun, Mar. -Apr. 1861 (vol. 
 62A, p. 1-15), show for disbursements by checks the date, name of payee, 
 amount, and amounts of deposits. A list of claims, Oct. 1861-Dec. 1863 
 (ch. X, vol. 54), gives name of the claimant and date the claim was re¬ 
 ceived. 
 
 Several files are miscellaneous in content. Returns and other re¬ 
 cords of Treasury depositaries, 1863-65 (4 ft.), relate to Treasury notes, 
 funds, the public debt, and claims. Besides returns addressed to the 
 Treasury Department in Richmond, this file includes letters to the Treas¬ 
 urer and the First Auditor. Miscellaneous returns and reports from col¬ 
 lectors and surveyors of customs, 1861-64 (1 in.), relate to vessels 
 arriving and clearing, merchandise imported, customs duties received, 
 moneys received and paid, and the condition of the customhouses. A small 
 quantity of other records, 1862-65, includes lists of employees, estimates 
 of appropriations, financial statements, comparative statements of the 
 rates of import duties, and statements of unclaimed dividends of interest 
 on Government loans. 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -The Treasury Department collection contains 
 two volumes of letters sent. Mar. 1-Oct. 12, 1861. and Oct. 17. 1864-Mar. 
 31, 1865. They are available on microfilm at the National Archives as 
 M 500. These volumes, numbered 111 and 115, are part of what was evi¬ 
 dently a long series of fair copies of outgoing letters, for vol. 115 refers to 
 vols. 110 and 112-114. The correspondents and subject matter are the same 
 as those in the press copies of letters sent described under Record Group 
 109. The two series duplicate each other. Fair copies of telegrams sent, 
 Feb. 23, 1861-July 30, 1864 (1 vol.), are addressed to collectors of 
 
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 
 
 97 
 
 customs, Assistant Treasurers, depositaries. Governors of States, Army 
 officers, banking and railroad officials, business firms, newspapers, and 
 others. The telegrams relate to printing and distribution of Treasury 
 notes and bonds, appointments, subscriptions to loans, advertising, ad¬ 
 ministration of the customs service, suppression of counterfeiting, pro¬ 
 curement of exchange, collection of the war tax. and financial arrangements 
 for the procurement of supplies abroad. 
 
 The letters-sent book, 1864-65 (vol. 115), contains several other 
 brief records. There are lists of temporary and permanent appointments 
 and transfers, a record of leaves of absence, and a record of resignations, 
 all concerning Treasury Department clerks for the period Oct. 1864-Mar. 
 1865. Some information regarding personnel is also in a record of office 
 supplies delivered and on hand, 1863-64 (ch. X, vol. 260 1 ^2). 
 
 Letters and telegrams received and other papers, 1861-65 (12 ft. ; 
 available on microfilm as M 499), are from collectors of customs. Assis¬ 
 tant Treasurers, depositaries, loan commissioners, mint officials, tax 
 collectors. Produce Loan agents, the heads and other officials of the exec¬ 
 utive departments, Army and Navy officers, the President, Members of 
 Congress, banks, business firms. Governors and other State officials, 
 printers and engravers, foreign agents of the Treasury Department, foreign 
 banking concerns, and private citizens. They concern printing and distri¬ 
 bution of currency and bonds, subscriptions to loans, collection and remis¬ 
 sion or refunding of customs duties, negotiation of loans, problems of 
 administration, collection of war taxes, shipment of cotton abroad, import¬ 
 ation of supplies, investigations of the Department’s activities, suppression 
 of counterfeiting, blockade of Southern ports, personnel matters, manu¬ 
 facture of paper, transfer of former U.S. property to the Confederate 
 Government, and management of Government finaiices. Documents in the 
 letters-received file relating to personnel actions include applications and 
 recommendations for appointments, applications for transfers, oaths of 
 office, requests for leave, letters of resignation, and doctor's certificates. 
 Other types of documents include reports of operations from bureaus, 
 memoranda or reports prepared in the Department, drafts of regulations, 
 lists of bids for cotton bonds, lists of employees, reports on destruction of 
 spoiled Treasury notes, special orders of Army commands detailing men, 
 reports on notes receipted for by the Treasury, reports on sales of bonds, 
 and drafts of outgoing letters. An alphabetical name index to the letters 
 received gives address of writer, number of letters in the file, and their 
 subjects. A record of letters received, Oct. 1862-June 1864 (vol. 120D), 
 shows the date of the letter, name and address of the writer, a brief of its 
 contents, and endorsements for letters referred to other offices of the 
 Department. 
 
 Several other small files consist of correspondence and other docu¬ 
 ments that were usually recorded in letter books. Some miscellaneous 
 records, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (1 1/3 in.), consist of correspondence, mem¬ 
 oranda, circulars, regulations, instructions, blank forms, and other pa¬ 
 pers relating to the procedures of the Department and other subjects. 
 
 Copies of resolutions, bills, acts of Congress and State legislatures, and 
 related correspondence. Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (1 in.), concern finances 
 and appropriations. Copies of regulations and circulars issued by the 
 Department. Mar. 1861-July 1864 (1/4 in.), relate to the organization and 
 administration of the Department, Government finances, foreign commerce, 
 and other matters. 
 
98 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 A selection of letters re- cited above, which is available at 
 
 ceived by the Secretary of the the National Archives and also on 
 
 Treasury is in appendix V of the microfilm, 
 compilation by Raphael P, Thian 
 
 Registers of warrants issued by the Secretary of the Treasury are in 
 several series. A register of civil warrants. Mar. 28, 1861-June 20, 1864 
 (vol. 104), concerns warrants for payment of salaries to the President, 
 heads of the executive departments, Treasury Department and other Gov¬ 
 ernment officials, and other expenses of the departments. Congress, and 
 the judiciary; payments to express, railroad, telegraph, and utility com¬ 
 panies; newspaper advertising; rent of Government buildings; refunds on 
 import duties; interest on loans and the public debt; and payment of Treas¬ 
 ury notes. A register of war warrants, Apr. 14, 1862-Nov. 7, 1863 (vol. 
 63), concerns warrants for payment of salaries of Army officers, soldiers, 
 and physicians; for subsistence, medical, and ordnance stores and supplies; 
 for hospital expenses; for construction of river and coastal defenses; 
 for bounties for soldiers; and for contingent expenses of the War Depart¬ 
 ment. A register of Navy warrants, Mar. 26, 1861-Mar. 30, 1865 (1 vol.), 
 concerns warrants for payment of salaries of navy and marine officers, 
 seamen, and civilian employees of navy yards; for payment of prize money 
 to crews that had captured enemy ships; for construction, alteration, pur¬ 
 chase, and leasing of ships; and for purchase or manufacture of ordnance, 
 provisions, fuel, and clothing. A register of miscellaneous warrants. 
 
 Mar. 29, 1861-Apr. 6, 1864 (vol. 103), concerns warrants issued to cover 
 donations made to the Government by churches and individual citizens and 
 public funds received by collectors of customs, postmasters, depositaries, 
 the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers, superintendents of mints, disburs¬ 
 ing clerks, district court officials, war taxes received by States, payments 
 on the Erlanger loan received by European purchasing agents of the War 
 Department, funds realized from the sale of sequestered alien-enemy pro¬ 
 perty, subscriptions to Government loans, temporary gold loans from 
 banks, and receipts from Treasury notes that were deposited with the 
 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers; and counterwarrants issued to Army 
 and Navy officers permitting them to adjust their accounts. A compiled 
 record of donations and loans made to the Confederate Government includes 
 lists of donations by churches and by private individuals and a list of 
 churches, theological seminaries, and other institutions that subscribed 
 to the Confederate loans. 
 
 A few other small files relate to Confederate Government finances. 
 Copies of estimates of appropriations submitted to Congress, Jan. 1863- 
 Feb. 1865 (1/2 in.), concern the legislative and executive appropriations 
 and some others. Some miscellaneous records of Treasury Department 
 disbursing officers, Apr. 1861-Jan. 1865 (3 in.), include accounts, state¬ 
 ments, correspondence, lists, and other papers. Accounts of the Depart¬ 
 ment of Justice disbursing clerk with supporting vouchers and other papers. 
 Sept. 1861-Oct. 1864 (1 ^2 in.), include accounts of Robert Josselyn, Secre¬ 
 tary of Arizona Territory. Records relating to the expenses of district 
 courts. May 1861-Dec. 1864 (2 in.), contain marshals’ accounts and returns 
 of sales of sequestered alien-enemy property for judicial districts in Ala¬ 
 bama, Florida, Georgia. Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina. 
 Tennessee, and Virginia. Statements of accounts of State Department 
 commissioners and agents in foreign countries. Oct. 1861-Mar. 1865 
 
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 
 
 99 
 
 (1 in.), contain information regarding salaries and other expenses. Mis¬ 
 cellaneous records relating to War Department disbursements and the 
 procurement of supplies, Apr. 1861-Mar. 1865 (2 in.), consist of accounts, 
 payrolls, reports, correspondence, vouchers, contracts, First Auditor’s 
 reports, and statements and vouchers for supplies purchased by the armory 
 at Tallassee, Ala., from Barnett, Micon and Co., among other papers. 
 
 Accounts and other records of the military telegraph lines, 1862-64 
 (1 in.), include accounts for salary payments to employees (Nov. 1863 and 
 Mar. 1864), showing names of employees, their stations, and amounts 
 paid to them; vouchers for payments made to the Southern Telegraph Co. 
 for materials furnished to telegraph offices and lines, showing kinds of 
 materials supplied and their cost; a few receipts; statements of accounts 
 for the quarters ending Sept. 30 and Dec. 31, 1864, showing expenditures 
 for salaries and other purposes; and a report by William S. Morris on the 
 operations of the military telegraph lines, Apr. 1, 1863. Other records 
 relating to the lines are described in chapter IX of this Guide . 
 
 Other records in this record group relate to Confederate activities 
 in Europe and elsewhere. Records relating to Confederate agents in 
 Europe and the West Indies, June 1863-Jan. 1865 (2 in.), include corre¬ 
 spondence between the agents and the Secretaries of Treasury, War, and 
 State and others concerning the Union blockade of the Confederate coast, 
 shipment of cotton to Europe, negotiation of the Erlanger loan, sale of 
 bonds, construction of ships, and payment of the agents; other documents 
 include contracts, proposals for loans, loan agreements, agents’ accounts, 
 and loan accounts. Records relating to the construction of Confederate 
 ships in Europe, 1862-65 (1 1/2 in.), include correspondence, accounts, 
 agreements, warrants, vouchers, and reports. Records relating to the 
 Erlanger loan, Jan. 1863-Oct. 1864 (1 in.), consist of correspondence re¬ 
 ceived by the Secretary of the Treasury from Confederate agents in Europe 
 and fimile Erlanger and Co., loan contracts and agreements, statements 
 of payments on loans, accounts, reports on purchase of bonds, and memo¬ 
 randa of bonds on hand. 
 
 Related files of the U. S. 
 Treasury Department concern its 
 attempts to locate and obtain Con¬ 
 federate property in Europe and 
 
 Nassau, funds paid to Paul Arman to 
 build a warship for the Confederate 
 Navy, and the sale of the C.S.S. 
 Georgian. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A letters-sent book, Nov. 8, 1862-Feb. 
 15, 1864, is in the Auburn Public Library, Auburn, Maine. Press copies 
 of letters sent. Sept. 17-Nov. 28, 1864. and Jan. 23-Apr. 2, 1865 (2 vols.), 
 in the Confederate Museum include letters sent by the Assistant Secretary 
 and the chief clerk. These evidently continue the series of letters sent 
 described under Record Group 109 and are similar in content. Other 
 correspondents found in these books include Fraser. Trenholm & Co. 
 (depositary in Liverpool), the Treasury agent for the Trans-Mississippi 
 West, and Colin J. McRae (depositary in Paris). Incoming and outgoing 
 correspondence of the Secretary of the Treasury and other Treasury offi¬ 
 cials, Dec. 2, 1861-Feb. 21, 1865 (1/4 in.), is in the Confederate records 
 collection in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, 
 
 Most of Christopher G. Memminger’s wartime papers were destroyed 
 when his library in Columbia, S.C., burned in 1865. His papers in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library 
 
100 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 include reports to Congress, some correspondence, his resignation of 
 June 15. 1864, and the President’s acceptance of his resignation on June 
 21. The entire collection is available on microfilm. Correspondence of 
 C. G. Memminger, 1861-78 (17 items), in Duke University Library con¬ 
 cerns official business, applications for office, and the salary of Thompson 
 Allan. Commissioner of Taxes. Letters sent by Memminger are in the 
 Louisiana State Museum collections. The papers of George A. Trenholm, 
 Aug. 13. 1864-Apr. 27, 1865 (parts of 2 vols.), in the Manuscript Division 
 of the Library of Congress include original incoming letters and press 
 copies and drafts of outgoing letters, statements of drafts drawn on Fraser, 
 Trenholm & Co., accounts and statements of cotton shipped from the Con¬ 
 federacy. and copies of communications from the Second Auditor to the 
 Comptroller reporting the names of quartermaster officers and agents who 
 haci failed to render accounts. The George A. Trenholm papers, 1864-1923 
 (77 items), in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South 
 Carolina include correspondence of the war period. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE TREASURER 
 
 The duties of the Treasurer were to receive and keep the moneys of 
 the Confederacy, to disburse them upon warrants drawn by the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, to receipt for moneys paid out, and to render his accounts 
 to the Comptroller. The Treasurer transmitted Treasury notes, bonds, 
 and specie to Assistant Treasurers and depositaries and received funds 
 from them. Before the establishment of the Treasury Note Bureau the 
 Treasurer’s Office was concerned with preparing, signing, and numbering 
 Treasury notes. Another task connected with Treasury notes was the veri¬ 
 fication of schedules of canceled notes. William D. Nutt served as chief 
 clerk until Jan. 1865 when he was succeeded by John Ott. A teller ex¬ 
 changed bonds for Treasury notes, received money, and paid checks on 
 the Treasury. 
 
 Successive Treasurers: 
 
 Edward C. Elmore, Mar. 6, 1861. 
 
 John N. Hendren, Jan. 9, 1865. 
 
 Micajah H. Clark (acting), May 4. 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109.--Letters received by the Treasurer, Feb. 1861- 
 Dec. 1862 (2 in.), are from the Secretary of the Treasury, Treasury De¬ 
 partment and other Government officials, Army officers, banks. Assistant 
 Treasurers, collectors of the customs, and private citizens. The letters 
 concern requests for funds, removal of deposits, counterfeiting, payment 
 of interest, procurement of coin, sterling, and gold, issue of bonds and 
 certificates of stock, personnel matters, transmittal of checks, notices of 
 deposit, receipts for Treasury drafts, and certificates of deposit. A 
 register of letters received, Jan. 9, 1861-Mar. 22, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 158, 
 p. 259-348), shows name and address of the writer, date, and subject mat¬ 
 ter. The letters for 1863-65 for which there are entries have not been 
 found. Other letters to the Treasurer of those years are in the letters re¬ 
 ceived file of the Secretary of the Treasury. There are letters received 
 by the Treasurer, Mar. 16-Nov. 14, 1861 (ch. X. vol. 178). A register of 
 letters received by the Treasurer, Apr. 1861-Sept. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 179), 
 shows date, name of writer, subject of letter, and date of reply. 
 
 Other records appear to be incomplete series. A record of warrants 
 drawn on the Treasurer for Jan. 20-July 3, 1862. and Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1864 
 
TREASURER 
 
 101 
 
 (ch. X, vols. 221 and 222), shows warrant number, purpose, and amount. 
 
 A record of balances in the hands of depositaries. Sept. 1861-Jan. 1863 
 (ch. X, vol. 180), shows date, name of the depositary or fund, place, and 
 amount held. A disbursing journal, Oct. 1861-July 1862 (ch. X, vol. 177), 
 contains a record of expenditures made in Richmond to Army officers and 
 departmental disbursing clerks. There are stubs of War Department war¬ 
 rants for Jan. -Oct. 1862 (ch. X, vols. 223 and 224) and stubs of Navy war¬ 
 rants for Aug. 1861-Jan. 1865 (ch. X. vol. 247). 
 
 Record Group 365 . --Miscellaneous records of the Treasurer's Of¬ 
 fice, June 5, 1861-Mar. 8, 1865 (1 in.), include correspondence, telegrams, 
 reports, memoranda, vouchers, warrants, schedules of coin and bullion 
 at mints and ports in 1861-62, statements of interest paid on the public debt, 
 and copies of forms. A journal of receipts and expenditures, Oct. 1. 1862- 
 June 30, 1863 (vol. 60). shows source of the receipts, date of receipt, 
 name of the person who paid in the money, and amount, date, and number 
 of warrant uiidc'r which the money was paid out. A group of miscellaneous 
 receipts for Jan. 1863-Dec. 1864 (1 in.), are for interest payments on in¬ 
 terest-bearing Treasury notes and for office rent and supplies, canceled 
 bonds, and money deposited by tax collectors. 
 
 Also in this record group are registers of certificates of stock issued 
 under the loans of Feb. 28, May 16, and Aug. 19, 1861, Apr. 12, 1862, Feb. 
 20 and Mar. 23, 1863, and Feb. 17, 1864. They show date of issue, name 
 of the purchaser, number and denominations of stock required, total value, 
 and date interest began. Alphabetical name indexes are in separate vol¬ 
 umes. 
 
 A register of call certificates and bonds issued, June 1863-Jan. 1865 
 (1 vol.), concerns 4- and 5-percent call certificates issued under acts of 
 Mar. 23. 1863, and Feb. 17, 1864. 4- and 6-percent bonds under an act of 
 Feb. 17, 1864, 6-percent bonds under an act of Nov. 28, 1864, and 6-per- 
 cent nontaxable certificates, and shows date of issue, name of person or 
 corporation to whom issued, and amount. A stub book for interest pay¬ 
 ments on Confederate loans. May 2-Sept. 24, 1864 (1 vol.), concerns pay¬ 
 ments on the loans of Aug. 19, 1861, and Feb. 20 and Mar. 23, 1863. It 
 shows name of the payee, date and amount of payment, date of the loan, 
 and date interest was due. Included also is a record of balances of new 
 currency credited to Army and War Department disbursing officers. 
 
 Records in Other Custody.--A letters-sent book, Nov. 5, 1862-Feb. 
 
 15, 1864 (1 vol.), in the Confederate Museum contains fair copies of out¬ 
 going communications. They are to the Secretary of the Treasury, Treas¬ 
 ury and other Government officials, collectors of customs, depositaries. 
 Army officers acting as disbursing officers, bank officials, and others 
 concerning appointments, administrative matters, warrants, and customs 
 receipts. The same repository has check stubs for Feb. 17, 1862-Jan. 20, 
 1863, showing the name of the payee and the purpose for which paid. Other 
 check stubs, Feb. 19, 1864-Jan. 18, 1865, are in Emory University Library. 
 A few letters and receipts of officials who handled funds. 1863-64, are in 
 the Ryder Collection of Confederate Archives in Tufts College Library. 
 Receipts for the disbursement of the last specie funds of the Confederacy, 
 May 3-4, 1865 (22 items), are with the Micajah H. Clark papers in the 
 Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
102 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER 
 
 The act of Feb. 21, 1861, establishing the Treasury Department pro¬ 
 vided: "That it shall be the duty of the Comptroller to superintend the ad¬ 
 justment and preservation of the public accounts; to examine all accounts 
 settled by the Auditor, and certify the balances arising thereon to the Reg¬ 
 ister; to countersign all warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury 
 which shall be authorized by law; to report to the Secretary the official 
 forms of all papers to be issued in the different offices for collecting the 
 public revenue, and the manner and form of keeping and stating the ac¬ 
 counts of the several persons employed therein. He shall, moreover, 
 provide for the regular and punctual payment of all moneys which may be 
 collected, and shall direct prosecutions for all delinquencies of officers of 
 the revenue, and for debts that are or shall be due to the Confederate 
 States. " 
 
 In the Confederate Government the Comptroller performed duties 
 that in the U.S. Treasury Department were divided among the First and 
 Second Comptroller, the Solicitor of the Treasury, and the Commissioner 
 of Customs. He revised and settled auditors' accounts; attended to the 
 correspondence, returns, and estimates of collectors of customs including 
 those relating to lighthouses; prepared requisitions for funds for collectors, 
 lighthouses, and war tax collectors; examined requisitions and warrants 
 of the departments to '.'etermine their legality and recorded them in requi¬ 
 sition and warrant books; preserved the bonds of military and civilian dis¬ 
 bursing officers; examined and decided questions of laws and supervised 
 suits against defaulters; and received and preserved contracts executed by 
 Government departments. The Comptroller's office also acquired the 
 functions of examining and recording claims on behalf of deceased soldiers, 
 registering accounts of deceased soldiers, counting canceled Treasury 
 notes and burning them, and calculating interest on bonds. The Comptrol¬ 
 ler also approved applications for reissue of certificates, warrants, and 
 registered bonds. 
 
 Lewis Cruger served as Comptroller throughout the war. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Correspondence and other papers of the Comp¬ 
 troller for 1861 and 1863-65 (3/4 in.) consist chiefly of letters from the 
 Secretary, other Treasury Department officials, and other Government 
 officials concerning the execution of contracts, official bonds, personnel 
 matters, the rent of Government buildings, and check forgeries: opinions 
 of the Attorney General; drafts of letters sent and of reports; and regula¬ 
 tions. There is also a register of money received and counted for 1863-65 
 (ch. X, vol. 123). 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -In the Treasury Department Collection of Con- 
 ederate Records are incomplete correspondence files of the Comptroller. 
 Fair copies of letters ajid circulars sent. Mar. 23-Dec. 16, 1861 (vol. 121A), 
 are mainly to collectors of customs, other customs service officers, the 
 Secretary of the Treasury aJid other Treasury Department officials, the 
 heads and other officials of other executive departments, superintendents 
 of mints. Assistant Treasurers, railroad presidents, and bank officials. 
 
 The letters concern operations of the Comptroller’s Office, the customs 
 service, lighthouses, marine hospitals, and mints; disposition of revenue 
 cutters; execution, receipt, and approval of fidelity bonds: appointments 
 and other personnel actions: provision of funds for the collectors of customs 
 and the examination of their accounts; and filing of contracts by Government 
 
COMPTROLLER 
 
 103 
 
 officials. Other records of collectors of customs are described below in 
 this chapter as records of filed offices. 
 
 Files of incoming letters of the Comptroller are also incomplete. 
 There are letters received from Cabinet officers, Jan. 10, 1862-June 11, 
 
 1863 (1 vol.), and from collectors of customs. May 19-Oct. 14, 1863 (1/4 
 in.). 
 
 A small file of miscellaneous records. Mar. 31, 1861-Mar. 31, 1865 
 (2 in.), includes letters received, copies and drafts of letters sent, re¬ 
 ports, memoranda, copies of laws, lists and timetables of employees, war¬ 
 rants, claim papers, registers of warrants and requisitions, and other 
 documents. 
 
 Other series of records also appear to be incomplete. There is a 
 register of claims made on behalf of deceased soldiers by their next of kin 
 or attorneys for pay, clothing, bounties, and horses. Mar. 1864-Mar. 1865 
 (vol. 124D). The register shows the soldier’s name, rank, company, and 
 regiment; claimant’s name and address; date and nature of the claim, and 
 amount awarded. A similar register is described as a part of the records 
 of the Second Auditor’s Office. The register in the Comptroller’s records 
 is labeled as a ’’continuation, ” indicating that there were other registers 
 that are now missing. Applications for the reissue of certificates, war¬ 
 rants, drafts, and registered bonds that were lost, destroyed, or stolen, 
 1863-65 (1 1/2 in.), consist of affidavits regarding the circumstances of 
 the loss, the official notice of the original issue, and a bond of indemnity 
 to bind the person to return the lost document if recovered. Lists of de¬ 
 positaries (3 items) give the name of the depositary and his location. 
 
 There are penalty bonds and related records concerning officers. 
 Penalty bonds of civil officers, Feb. 1861-Oct. 1864 (6 in.), show the names 
 and signatures of the principal and his sureties and the date and amount of 
 the bond. The bonds are sometimes accompanied by oaths of office of the 
 principals and certifications by local judges. The bonds are for Assistant 
 Treasurers, depositaries, collectors of the war tax, Produce Loan agents, 
 collectors of customs and other officers of the customs service, employees 
 of the Patent Office, and disbursing officers of the executive departments. 
 Penalty bonds of Army and Navy officers, June 1861-Feb. 1865 (3 1/2 ft.), 
 give similar information. These bonds are for quartermasters, commis¬ 
 saries, military storekeepers, contractors for military supplies, civilian 
 agents of the War Department, and Army and Navy paymasters. A regis¬ 
 ter of bonded officials of the executive departments, Feb. 1861-Nov. 1864 
 (vol. 66), shows the name of the principal, his location, name of his office, 
 names of sureties and their places of residence, and date and amount of the 
 bond. The register includes depositaries, collectors of customs and other 
 customs service officers, keepers of marine hospitals. Produce Loan 
 agents, collectors of taxes, and disbursing clerks of the executive depart¬ 
 ments. A record of bonded officers of the War and Navy Departments, 
 
 June 1861-Feb. 1865 (vol. 65), gives similar information. 
 
 Civil, military, and naval contracts. Mar. 1861-Nov. 1864 (4 in.), 
 show the name of the contractor and the officer who negotiated the contract, 
 the date, a description of the goods or services to be furnished or manu¬ 
 factured, the amount of the compensation, and sometimes specifications. 
 These contracts were negotiated by the Quartermaster General, the Com¬ 
 missary General of Subsistence, the Surgeon General, the Secretaries of 
 the Navy and the Treasury, the Chief Medical Purveyor, quartermasters, 
 commissaries, medical purveyors, and civilians employed by the War and 
 
104 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Navy Departments. Some bonds are filed with the contracts. A register 
 of civil, military, and naval contracts. Mar. 1861-Nov. 1864 (vol. 68), 
 gives the name and residence of the contractor, a description of the mate¬ 
 rial or service furnished, and the date of the contract and the bond, if one 
 was required. 
 
 Fiscal reports, correspondence, and other records relating to the 
 customs service. Mar. 1861-Mar. 1865 (8 ft.), include accounts of receipts 
 and disbursements, emolument returns, statements of moneys received 
 and deposited, abstracts of duties received on goods imported, abstracts 
 of moneys received for lighthouses, and accounts of warehouse bonds taken. 
 Other returns include estimates of funds required to defray expenses of 
 collecting the revenue, requisitions for funds to pay expenses of collecting 
 the revenue, lists of persons employed, payrolls, registers of bonds, ship 
 crew lists, inventories of customhouse property, transcripts of revenue 
 cutter logbooks, registers of merchandise imported, receipts for disburse¬ 
 ments, receipts for military and naval expenses, warrants covering the 
 payment of moneys into the Treasury, and First Auditor’s reports on col¬ 
 lectors’ accounts. The fiscal reports concern lighthouses and marine 
 hospitals in addition to customhouses. Besides correspondence between 
 collectors and Treasury Department officials, there is some personal 
 correspondence of collectors and other customs employees. Some earlier 
 records relating to the U.S. Customs Service are included. 
 
 Collectors of customs’ weekly reports of export duty collected on 
 cotton, Dec. 1861-Feb. 1865 (6 in.), show the date, entry number, the name 
 of the exporter, name and destination of the vessel, quantity of cotton 
 exported, and amount of the duty. They are from the customs districts of 
 Apalachicola, Charleston, Eagle Pass, Galveston, Georgetown, Mobile, 
 New Orleans, Sabine, St. Marks, Saluria, and Savannah. The file includes 
 some collectors’ transmittal letters and certificates covering deposits 
 made by them. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Letters received by the Comptroller 
 from collectors of customs and other customs service officers, Apr. 15, 
 1861-Jan. 10, 1862 (1 1/2 in.), are in the Manuscript Division of the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress. The letters concern bonds and oaths of allegiance, 
 accounts, estimates of funds required, and the transmission of accounts 
 and statements. Collectors of customs’ estimates of funds required and 
 Comptroller’s requests for funds. Mar. 8-Aug. 6, 1861 (1 vol.), in the 
 same repository, cover funds required for customhouses, lighthouses, 
 marine hospitals, inspection of steamboats, and operations of revenue cut¬ 
 ters. This volume also includes other documents, such as letters from 
 collectors, lists of employees, payrolls, and receipts. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE REGISTER 
 
 The act of Feb. 21, 1861, establishing the Treasury Department pro¬ 
 vided for a Register who was to keep accounts of the receipts and expend¬ 
 itures of the public money and of debts of the Confederate States, to pre¬ 
 serve accounts received from the Comptroller, to record all warrants for 
 the receipt or payment of moneys at the Treasury, and to transmit to the 
 Secretary of the Treasury copies of the certificates of balances of accounts 
 adjusted as herein directed. Employees of the Register’s Office signed 
 Treasury notes and coupon bonds, prepared and signed certificates for the 
 interest on Government loans, and prepared stock, call, and cotton 
 
REGISTER 
 
 105 
 
 certificates. The Office also received accounts from receivers of seques¬ 
 tered alien-enemy property and customs collectors’ returns of the export 
 trade of the Confederate States. The administration of the produce loan 
 and the printing and distributing of Treasury notes, originally the respon¬ 
 sibility of the Register, were assigned to separate bureaus in 1863 and 1864. 
 
 Acts of Congress authorized loans payable in specie and produce at 
 different rates of interest and directed the Secretary of the Treasury to 
 issue bonds or certificates of stock to subscribers. On Mar. 18, 1861, the 
 Secretary of the Treasury appointed boards of commissioners in the States 
 who opened subscription books at the cities where their offices were located 
 and named agents to open subscription books at interior points. The boards 
 of commissioners appointed on that date included: 
 
 William Knox, John Whiting, and Joel Riggs at Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Henry Hyer, A. E. Maxwell, and Richard L. Campbell at 
 Pensacola, Fla. 
 
 Andrew Denham, William Bailey, and John Beard at Tallahas¬ 
 see, Fla. 
 
 Ebenezer Starnes and Joseph Milligan at Augusta, Ga. 
 
 William B. Johnston at Macon, Ga. 
 
 Samuel Smith, James D. Denegre, John J. Nobel, and Edmond 
 J. Forstall at New Orleans, La. 
 
 Richard Griffith, M. L. Haynes, E. R. Burt, and James D. 
 Stewart at Jackson, Miss. 
 
 Edward Frost, Charles M. Furman, and George A. Trenholm 
 at Charleston, S. C. 
 
 E. B. Nichols, James Sorley, and A. W. Spaight at Galveston, 
 Tex. 
 
 Loan commissioners who were soon appointed for the other States 
 included the following: 
 
 William H. MacFarland, James Lyons, Wyndham Robertson, 
 John Rutherford, and Thomas W. McCance at Richmond, 
 Va. 
 
 John Porterfield, William W. Berry, and Hugh Douglas at 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 P. K. Dickinson, William A. Wright, and A. G. Parsley at 
 Wilmington, N. C. 
 
 The efforts of the commissioners were supported by banks, and by 
 Oct. 1861 the $15 million authorized on Feb. 28, 1861, was fully subscribed. 
 
 The Treasury Department also exchanged bonds and stock for Treas¬ 
 ury notes (paper currency) in order to reduce the quantity of notes in circ¬ 
 ulation. Under an act of Feb. 20, 1863, more than $163 million in Treas¬ 
 ury notes were funded in 8-percent and 7-percent coupon bonds and 8-per¬ 
 cent and 7-percent stock. Under the loan provisions of an act of Mar. 23, 
 
 1863, more than $20 million in Treasury notes were funded in 6-percent 
 and 4-percent coupon bonds and 6-percent stock. Under an act of Feb. 17, 
 
 1864, noninterest-bearing Treasury notes were funded in 20-year 4-percent 
 bonds, 30-year 6-percent nontaxable bonds were sold in an effort to raise 
 $500 million, nontaxable certificates of indebtedness were issued to con¬ 
 tractors who supplied the Government, and 20-year 6-percent bonds and 
 4-percent coupon bonds and stock were issued. An act of June 13, 1864, 
 permitted holders of registered bonds issued under the produce loan act of 
 May 16, 1861, to exchange them for coupon bonds, and an act of Feb. 23, 
 
 1865, permitted a similar exchange to holders of registered bonds of the 
 
106 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 loan of Feb. 28, 1861. The Treasury Department regularly made interest 
 payments that came due on bonds. 
 
 Successive Registers of the Treasury: 
 
 Alexander B. Clitherall, Mar. 16, 1861. 
 
 Robert Tyler, Aug. 1861. 
 
 C. J. Affleck and B. M. 
 Douglas, Confederate Bonds and 
 Certificates; a Listing with a De ¬ 
 scription of the Confederate States 
 of America Bonds and Certificates , 
 Showing the Degree of Rarity and 
 
 Price (Winchester, Va., andWash- 
 ington, D.C., 1960); Grover C. and 
 Clarence J. Criswell, Confederate 
 and Southern State Bonds; a Descrip ¬ 
 tive Listing, Including Rar ity (St. 
 Petersburg Beach, Fla., 1961). 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books of the Register of the Treas¬ 
 ury, Mar. 18, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. X, vols. 116 and 118-120), contain 
 fair copies, except volume 120 which contains press copies. The letters 
 are addressed to loan commissioners and agents, depositaries. Assistant 
 Treasurers, bank officials, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Assist¬ 
 ant Secretary of the Treasury, the Treasury Agent at Marshall, Tex., the 
 Chief of the Treasury Note Bureau at Columbia, S. C., collectors of cus¬ 
 toms, Members of Congress, printing establishments, the chief clerk of 
 the Treasury Department, district court clerks, receivers of sequestered 
 property, and others. The letters concern appointments, subscriptions to 
 loans, deposits of funds, certificates of stock and coupon bonds, registered 
 bonds. Treasury notes, payment of interest on loans, administrative mat¬ 
 ters, advances to depositaries, transmission of returns and accounts, 
 redemption of notes, and other matters. 
 
 A number of journals relate to the Confederate Government loans. 
 They show the ledger folio number, identify the loan by the act of Congress 
 authorizing it, give names of subscribers to whom certificates were 
 issued, date of the commencement of interest, voucher and certificate 
 numbers, the number of certificates issued, amount of the certificates, 
 and amount of each credit or loan. They include journals of transferable 
 stock and coupon bonds, loan of Feb. 28, 1861, 1861-65 (ch. X, vols. 55 
 and 57); a journal of transferable stock, loan of May 16, 1861, 1861-65 (ch. 
 
 X, vol. 63); a journal of coupon bonds, loan of Aug. 19, 1861, 1861-63 (ch. 
 
 X, vols. 64 and 71); a journal of 8-percent registered stock, loan of Apr. 
 12, 1862, 1863-65 (ch. X, vol. 73); a journal of loans of Feb. 20, Mar. 23, 
 and Apr. 30, 1863, 1863-64 (ch. X, vol. 83); a journal of 7-percent trans¬ 
 ferable stock, loan of Feb. 20, 1863, 1863-65 (ch. X, vol. 79); a journal of 
 8-percent transferable stock, loan of Feb. 20, 1863, 1863-65 (ch. X, vol. 
 75); a journal of 6-percent transferable stock, loan of Mar. 23, 1863, 1863- 
 65 (ch. X, vol. 84); a journal of 4-percent transferable stock, loan of Feb. 
 17, 1864, 1864-65 (ch. X, vol. 88); a journal of the loan of Feb. 17, 1864, 
 1864-65 (ch. X, vol. 86); and an unidentified journal of 1864-65 (ch. X, vol. 
 86). 
 
 Loan ledgers show names of persons to whom stock or bonds were 
 issued or transferred, date, and amount. They include a ledger of the 
 loan of Aug. 19, 1861, 1862-65 (ch. X, vols. 65, 67-70, and 72); ledger of 
 coupon bonds, loan of Feb. 28, 1861, 1861-62 (ch. X, vol. 58); ledger of 
 transferable stock, 1861 (ch. X, vol. 56); ledger of 8-percent registered 
 stock, loan of Apr. 12, 1862, 1863 (ch. X, vol. 74); ledger of 7-percent 
 transferable stock, loan of Feb. 20, 1863, 1863-65 (ch. X, vols. 80-82); 
 
REGISTER 
 
 107 
 
 ledger of 8-percent transferable stock, loan of Feb. 20, 1863, 1863-65 (ch. 
 X, vols. 76-78); ledger of 6-percent transferable stock, loan of Mar. 23, 
 
 1863, 1863-65 (ch. X, vol. 85); and ledgers for the loan of Feb. 17, 1864, 
 1864-65 (ch. X, vols. 87 and 89-97). 
 
 Other records also relate to loans. Registers of subscriptions to 
 the loan of Feb. 28, 1861, n.d. (ch. X, vols. 125-151 and 152-154), show 
 place of subscription, subscribers’ names, amounts subscribed for coupon 
 bonds or transferable bonds, and notations on payment. A record of cou¬ 
 pon bonds issued in exchange for registered stock, loan of May 16, 1861, 
 
 Aug. 29, 1864-Feb. 28, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 62), shows the name of person 
 and amount of bonds. A record of dividend-of-interest on loans, 1861-64 
 (ch. X, vols. 59-61), shows the name of the creditor (or subscriber), 
 amount of principal, rate of interest, date interest began, and amount of 
 interest. These books cover interest payments made at Charleston, 
 Jackson, Montgomery, Mobile, New Orleans, Raleigh, Richmond, Savan¬ 
 nah, and Wilmington. A register of unclaimed dividends under loans of 
 1861, 1861 (ch. X, vol. 117), shows the place, name of person, amount of 
 certificates, date due, date of loan, total amount of interest, and acknowl¬ 
 edgement of receipt of interest. Other' records include a record of stock 
 maturing Jan. 1, 1864, n.d. (ch. X, vol. 121 1/2); stubs of certificates 
 relating to unclaimed interest. Sept. 27, 1862-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 1171/2); 
 stubs of certifications of interest payments. Mar. 1, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 117 
 3/4); and lists of loan commissioners and agents, 1861 (ch. X, vol. 64, p. 
 21-31). 
 
 An alphabetical card index to subscribers to Confederate States 
 loans, 1861-64 (16 ft.), compiled by the U.S. Adjutant General's Office, 
 shows names of the subscribers, place of subscription, date and amount 
 of subscription, and page reference to the volume in chapter X where the 
 transaction was recorded. Subscribers included associations, business 
 firms, churches, individuals, institutions, and life insurance companies. 
 This index also identifies loan commissioners and depositaries. Other 
 records of the Register’s Office include accounts of receivers under the 
 sequestration act, 1862-64 (ch. X, vol. 207), showing the receiver’s name, 
 his district, date, amount received and source of receipt, amount spent, 
 and purpose of expenditure. A list of signers and numberers of 8-percent 
 bonds issued under the act of Feb. 20, 1863, May 7-Oct. 23, 1863 (ch. X, 
 vol. 267), shows the numbers of bonds signed. 
 
 Record Group 365 . —Miscellaneous records. Sept. 1861-Oct. 1864 
 (1/2 in.), consist of depositaries’ receipts for Confederate bonds, corre¬ 
 spondence, vouchers for supplies and services bought, payrolls, and lists 
 of employees. A list of warrants drawn on the Treasurer, July 1-Dec. 31, 
 1863 (1 vol.), shows appropriation title, warrant number, name of payee, 
 and amount of warrant. Records of loan commissioners and reports of 
 depositaries to the Register are described below in this chapter under re¬ 
 cords of States. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --There are letters received by the 
 Register, Mar. 20, 1861-June 18, 1862 (1 vol.), in the Confederate Museum 
 collections. They are from the Secretary of the Treasury, Assistant 
 Treasurers, collectors of customs, loan commissioners, Colin J. McRae, 
 banks, insurance companies, depositaries, business firms, and individuals. 
 They concern appointments of clerks, conversion of stock into bonds, ex¬ 
 ecution of bonds, arrangements for raising the Government loan, redemp¬ 
 tion of notes, substitution of sureties, receipt of funds, and transmission 
 
108 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 of receipts, certificates of deposit, warrants, and blank registers. 
 
 A letters-sent press copy book, Nov. 26, 1863-June 1, 1864, in the 
 Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress contains chiefly communi¬ 
 cations from the Register to depositaries. Assistant Treasurers, agents, 
 and bank officers concerning transmission of stock, bonds, coupon bonds, 
 call certificates, and schedules of interest payable on Government loans. 
 Other letters to the heads of the executive departments acknowledge the 
 receipt of certificates that an act of Jan. 30, 1864, had required to be sub¬ 
 mitted to obtain increases in the salaries of departmental employees. A 
 record of warrants issued. Sept. 19, 1861-Jan. 18, 1862 (1 vol.), in the 
 same repository shows warrant number, name of the individual to whom 
 issued, purpose of expenditure, and amount. A record of warrants drawn. 
 Mar. 29, 1861-Dec. 31, 1864 (1 vol.), in the collections of the Confederate 
 Museum, is for miscellaneous, customs. War Department, and Navy ex¬ 
 penditure. A record of interest payments on the loan of Aug. 19, 1861 (1 
 vol.), in the same repository shows subscribers’ names, amounts of 
 subscriptions, date of commencement of interest, payments of interest 
 made in Jan. - Feb. 1865, and signatures of payees. 
 
 A list of bonds and stocks conveyed to Europe by James G. Gibbes of 
 Columbia, S.C., Nov. 14, 1862, is in the South Caroliniana Library of the 
 University of South Carolina. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE FIRST AUDITOR 
 
 The act of Feb. 21, 1861, establishing the Treasury Department pro¬ 
 vided for an Auditor to receive and examine public accounts, certify the 
 balances, and transmit the accounts and accompanying vouchers and the 
 certificates to the Comptroller for his decision. A Second Auditor was 
 authorized in Mar. 1861 to audit accounts of the War Department, and the 
 First Auditor audited accounts of the State, Treasury, Navy, Justice, and 
 Post Office Departments. An act of May 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 
 Stat. 113), prescribed the manner in which the Post Office Department ac¬ 
 counts were to be audited. These accounts, unlike those of other depart¬ 
 ments, were finally adjusted by the First Auditor, who informed the Post¬ 
 master General about postmasters’ delinquencies. The first Auditor 
 retained the Post Office accounts and handled legal proceedings for collec¬ 
 ting sums due the Department. The same act also directed him to "reg¬ 
 ister, charge and countersign all warrants upon the treasury for receipts 
 and payments by the Postmaster General, ’’ and to certify accounts of 
 moneys paid pursuant to appropriations by postmasters. Under the pro¬ 
 vision of an act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 200), moneys 
 collected by postmasters for U.S. postage were to be accounted for to the 
 First Auditor. The moneys collected were to constitute a separate fund 
 to pay for postal services rendered while the United States still controlled 
 the postal system, and claims for such services were to be filed with the 
 First Auditor. In Jan. 1864 the Office had a Customs Division, an Interest 
 Division, a Navy Division, a Miscellaneous Division, a Canceling Division, 
 and a registering clerk. In the same month a Third Auditor was appointed 
 to settle Post Office Department accounts. 
 
 William W. Lester, appointed chief clerk on Apr. 19, 1861, was 
 succeeded in Nov. 1862 by James W. Robertson, who continued until the 
 end of the war. On May 21, 1861, Thomas Higham, Jr., was appointed 
 chief clerk to aid the First Auditor in auditing accounts of the Post Office 
 
AUDITORS 
 
 109 
 
 Department. 
 
 The appointment of Bolling Baker as First Auditor was confirmed on 
 Mar. 16, 1861, and he served throughout the war. 
 
 Reports of the First Auditor ment. Report of the Postmaster 
 
 are in C. S. A. Post Office Depart- General, 1861-63 (Richmond, 1861-64). 
 
 Record Group 28 . - -In the Records of the U. S. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment is a letters-sent book, Sept. 30, 1862-Apr. 7, 1863, containing fair 
 copies of outgoing letters signed by Bolling Baker and by James W. 
 Robertson as Acting Auditor. These letters are to postmasters, route 
 agents, contractors for carrying the mail. Members of Congress, State 
 legislators, railroad officials. Post Office Department employees, and 
 newspapers. They concern the settlement of accounts, drafts for funds, 
 payment for the services of postmasters before June 1, 1861, payments due 
 postmasters and mail messengers, transmission of certificates of service 
 and vouchers, salaries of Post Office employees, postage stamps on hand, 
 unpaid postage on dead letters, payments to newspapers, and other matters 
 connected with the settlement of Post Office Department accounts. 
 
 Record Group 45. --Several records of the First Auditor are in the 
 Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library. A 
 register of letters received, Feb. 1862-July 1864 (1 vol.), shows the date 
 received, name of writer, vessel or station from which written, date of 
 the letter, and summary of contents. The entries in this register relate 
 to letters received from paymasters and assistant paymasters attached to 
 naval vessels and stations and from Navy and Marine Corps officers. A 
 register of allotments by Navy and Marine Corps officers, seamen, and 
 marines, June 1861-Nov. 1864 (1 vol.), shows the name and rank of officer 
 or man, name of paymaster registering the allotments, date of first pay¬ 
 ment, amount alloted each month, number of months, name of vessel, 
 where and to whom payable, and remarks on stopping, discharge, and 
 desertion. A register of allotments made by officers and seamen of the 
 Confederate States Navy, Aug. 1861-Oct. 1864 (1 vol. labeled ’’Auditor’s 
 Book No. 2”), contains the same information as the register just described. 
 Copies of certifications of naval accounts sent to the Comptroller, May 15, 
 1861-Dec. 5, 1864 (1 vol. labeled ”C.S. Auditor’s Book 1861-2-3-4 Navy 
 Report Book”), certify accounts of Navy and Marine Corps officers and 
 paymasters and others and show the amount due them or by them to the 
 Confederate Government, the purposes of the expenditures, and the appro¬ 
 priation to be charged. 
 
 Record Group 109. --A memorandum of moneys received from de¬ 
 positories, July 1, 1863-Mar. 27, 1865 (ch. X, part of vol. 181), shows the 
 name of person and place from which received, number of boxes received, 
 and the amount. A list of certificates issued by the First Auditor’s 
 canceling commission, July 10, 1863-July 22, 1864 (ch. X, vol. 181, p. 336- 
 352), shows the date, name of official, location, and amount. Accounts of 
 Navy and Marine Corps officers. Mar. 1861-May 1862 (ch. X, vol. 46, p. 
 2-135), show the name of disbursing officer, amounts and kinds of credits, 
 and amounts of disbursements and the appropriations charged. A record 
 of the amounts of funded money received and turned over to the Canceling 
 Division, June-Nov. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 46, p. 139-147), also shows the 
 date and name of sender. 
 
 Record Group 365.--Some miscellaneous records, July 1861-Mar. 
 
no 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 1865 (3 in.), include incoming and outgoing correspondence, reports of 
 work done by divisions of the office, reports on the operations of the office 
 (Dec. 11, 1861, and Jan. 10 and Nov. 5, 1864), instructions to employees, 
 statements of accounts, reports on delinquent paymasters and disbursing 
 officers, employees’ time reports, payrolls, lists of employees, and lists 
 of clerks in military organizations. Certifications of accounts. Mar. 30, 
 1861-Dec. 31, 1862 (vol. 64), contain copies of the First Auditor’s certifi¬ 
 cations that were sent to the Comptroller. The accounts are those of 
 Government employees, newspapers, printing establishments, railroads, 
 and private persons. Records relating to the payments of expenses of 
 Congress, Mar. 1863-Jan. 1865 (3 in.), include warrants on the Treasurer; 
 an abstract of expenditures for pay and mileage of Members and Delegates, 
 May 1, 1863-June 14, 1864, with accompanying vouchers; and stubs for pay¬ 
 ments made to Members and employees of Congress and to others for 
 supplies and materials. 
 
 Miscellaneous records relating to Navy payments, Apr. 1862-May 
 1863 (1 1/2 in.), include an abstract of disbursements by Douglas F, 
 Forrest, assistant paymaster at Richmond, for payments under an appro¬ 
 priation for building 100 gunboats; vouchers for payments made by James 
 A. Semple, paymaster at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, to workmen, 
 seamen, petty officers, officers, and others for pay, hospital fund, 
 clothing, personal items, supplies, telegraphic messages, and equipment; 
 copies of letters of appointment of the Secretary of the Navy; copies of 
 orders issued by the Office of Orders and Detail; a few vouchers of D. C. 
 Seymour, paymaster at Savannah, for payments made, and a return by him 
 of men transferred from the Oconee; some paymasters’ certificates of pay¬ 
 ments; and correspondence of Capt. Sidney Smith Lee, commandant at 
 Drewry’s Bluff. Pay, receipt, transfer, and muster rolls of Confederate 
 naval personnel, Nov. 1862-Mar. 1865 (2 in.), are for the Firefly , Florida, 
 Georgia , Isondiga , Jackson , Oconee, Resolute, Sampson, Savannah , and 
 Spray and for Mobile Naval Station marines. The rolls are similar in 
 content to the rolls described under the Office of Orders and Detail in 
 chapter VIII of this Guide . With the rolls of the Florida are vouchers da¬ 
 ted Aug. 1862 for expenditures for repairs, supplies, services, transpor¬ 
 tation, hospital and funeral fees, and equipment obtained in Nassau, N. P., 
 and Cdrdenas, Cuba. Payrolls of civilian employees at navy yards, Jan. - 
 June 1864 (1 in.), show the worker’s name, his occupation, number of days 
 worked, amount of pay, signatures or marks of payees, and signatures of 
 witnesses, paymasters, and commanding officers. These were for work¬ 
 men engaged in constructing naval vessels at McIntosh Bluff, Mobile, and 
 Selma and on the Tombigbee River. 
 
 Other muster rolls of naval 
 personnel are in the Naval Records 
 Collection of the Office of Naval 
 Records and Library (Record 
 Group 45), and payrolls of civilian 
 
 personnel of navy yards are with 
 the records of the Quartermaster 
 General’s Office in the War De¬ 
 partment Collection of Confederate 
 Records (Record Group 109). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Letters received by the First Auditor, 
 Mar. 21, 1861-Nov. 1, 1862 (3 in.), in the Manuscript Division of the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress include letters from collectors of customs and other 
 officials regarding the transmission and settlement of accounts and from 
 individuals recommending appointments. 
 
AUDITORS 
 
 111 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECOND AUDITOR 
 
 An act of Mar. 15, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 66), authorized 
 the appointment of a Second Auditor who was to audit accounts for the War 
 Department. After examining these accounts and certifying the balances 
 the Second Auditor was to transmit the accounts with vouchers and certifi¬ 
 cates to the Comptroller for his decision. The duty of auditing accounts 
 and claims of States against the Confederate States for advances and ex¬ 
 penditures made on behalf of the Confederacy in preparing for and waging 
 war against the United States was assigned to the Second Auditor under the 
 provisions of an act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 197). 
 Claims for the arrears of pay filed on behalf of deceased soldiers were 
 also examined by the Second Auditor. By the end of 1863 there had been 
 received 42,433 claims for arrears of such pay, and 11,651 of these claims 
 had been settled. Other claims audited were those of officers and soldiers 
 for horses killed in battle and private claims for supplies, animals, and 
 wagons furnished to or impressed by the Army. 
 
 In Mar. 1864 the 128 employees of the Second Auditor's Office were 
 distributed among the following divisions: Bookkeepers; Claims; Quarter¬ 
 masters; Subsistence; Pay; Ordnance, Engineers, and Medical; and Claims 
 of Deceased Soldiers. The chief clerk then was Robert Graeme. 
 
 Second Auditors: 
 
 Walter H. S. Taylor, Mar. 27, 1861. (Resigned on Feb. 27, 
 1865.) 
 
 George B. Hodge. (Confirmation denied by the Senate on Mar. 
 14, 1865.) 
 
 C.S.A. Treasury Department, 
 Second Auditor’s Office, Report of 
 the Second Auditor of the Treasury 
 of the Confederate States, to the 
 Honorable Secretary of the Treas¬ 
 ury, Exhibiting the Operations of 
 
 His Office from Its Creation to the 
 31st of December, 1861, Inclusive, 
 Its Present Condition, etc., etc. , 
 
 Made January 8th, 1862. 
 (Richmond, 1862). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A register of letters received by the Pay Divi¬ 
 sion, 1862-64 (ch. X, vol. 50), shows name, rank and organization of 
 writer; date of letter and date of its receipt; subject of letter; and action 
 taken. The letters concern pay of military personnel, bounty payments, 
 and transmission of returns. Registers of requisitions for Army expenses, 
 Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (ch. X, vols. 48 and 49), show date, number of req¬ 
 uisition, date received, name of person submitting requisition, description 
 of requisition, appropriation to which charged, and amount of money req¬ 
 uisitioned. A register of payments to officers and soldiers, 1861-63 (ch. 
 
 X, vol. 43), shows name, rank, organization, by whom paid, period of 
 service, amount paid, date of settlement, number of setUement, voucher 
 number, and remarks. A record of payments to discharged soldiers, 
 1862-63 (ch. X, vol. 45), shows soldier's name and regiment, by whom 
 paid, date of settlement, number of settlement, and voucher number. An 
 undated record of payments to soldiers (ch. X, vol. 38),shows voucher 
 number, soldier’s name and State, number of certificate, by whom paid, 
 and number of settlement. Payrolls of officers, 1861-63 (ch. X, vols. 40- 
 42), show officer’s name, rank, organization, by whom paid, period of 
 service, amount paid, and voucher number. Abstracts of drafts, transfers. 
 
112 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 and acknowledgments of moneys disbursed to and received from officers, 
 Oct. 1862-Mar. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 36), show date of draft, by whom drawn, 
 amount, account drawn on, when accounted for, on whom drawn or by whom 
 received, date paid, and by whom paid. A record of payments to troop 
 units, 1861-64 (ch. X, vols. 37 and 44), shows name of organization, 
 month for which paid, and by whom paid. A register of company and bounty 
 rolls received for payment, 1861-62 (ch. X, vol. 1), shows captain’s name, 
 organization, period covered, name of paymaster, and voucher number. 
 
 A register of accounts of Army disbursing officers, 1861-65 (ch. X, vols. 
 
 35 and 39), shows name and rank of officer, his station, period for which 
 disbursements were made, account, date received, dates of report to and 
 return by the Comptroller, amount of balance, settlement number, and 
 remarks. Miscellaneous records, 1861-65 (1/4 in.), consist of outgoing 
 letters, a printed letter of instruction, drafts of statutes, statements, 
 memoranda, and blank forms. A record of accounts reported to and re¬ 
 turned by the Comptroller, 1861-64 (ch. X, vol. 47), shows date reported, 
 name and rank of person whose account was reported, description and 
 amount of account, and date account was returned. A record of bonded 
 quartermasters and commissaries, 1861-65 (ch. X, vol. 12), shows officer’s 
 name, rank. State from which appointed, date of bond, names of sureties, 
 and amounts of penalty bonds. Returns of deceased officers and soldiers 
 received from hospitals, regimental and company officers, and others, 
 1861-65 (ch. X, vols. 2-11, 1 ft. 9 in.), show name of deceased officer or 
 soldier; his company and regiment; sometimes his birthplace; date, place, 
 and sometimes cause of death; amount of money and other effects and in 
 whose charge they were left; date return was received; certificate number; 
 and remarks. A record of deceased soldiers’ money effects turned over 
 to quartermasters, 1862-65 (ch. X, vol. 21), shows date money was re¬ 
 ceived, receipt number, soldier’s name, rank and organization, and 
 amount of money received. 
 
 Other records relate to claims. There are letters sent relating to 
 claims filed on behalf of deceased soldiers, Oct. 9, 1862-Mar. 28, 1865 
 (ch. X, vols. 13-20, 1 ft. 3 in.). Registers of claims filed on behalf of 
 deceased officers and soldiers, 1861-65 (ch. X, vols. 22-34, 1 ft. 3 in.), 
 show soldier’s or officer’s name, rank, by whom the claim was presented, 
 date claim was filed, place of birth and death of deceased, company and 
 regiment, date claim was reported to the Comptroller and date returned by 
 him, amount found due, and remarks. Registers of claims, Apr. 1863- 
 Jan. 1865 (ch. X, vols. 51-53), show name of claimant, date claim was 
 received, nature and amount of claim, and sometimes the notation ’’con¬ 
 firmed. ” These are claims by military personnel for horses killed in ac¬ 
 tion or captured by the enemy, by States for money advanced to troops, 
 and by others for providing transportation for troops and for supplies, 
 equipment lost, Negroes escaped to the enemy, horses impressed, steam¬ 
 ers sunk as obstructions to navigation, property seized by soldiers, and 
 medical, legal, and other services. 
 
 The U.S. War Department 
 abstracted information from some 
 of the records described above on 
 index record cards that were filed 
 in the compiled military service 
 records of Confederate soldiers 
 
 and general and staff officers de¬ 
 scribed in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 Original letters received by the 
 Second Auditor are among the com¬ 
 piled military service records. 
 
LIGHTHOUSE BUREAU 
 
 113 
 
 Record Group 365 . —Miscellaneous records, Jan. 1862-Feb. 1865 
 (2 in.), include reports to the Comptroller and the Secretary of the Treas¬ 
 ury on disbursing officers and agents who had failed to render accounts, 
 payrolls, a list of clerks of the Second Auditor’s Office, claim papers, 
 correspondence, muster roll of the reserve company composed of the staff 
 of the Second Auditor’s Office (Sept. 30, 1864), and vouchers for salary 
 payments made by Maj. Thompson Harrison, chief paymaster for the Dis¬ 
 trict of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona (Apr. -Sept. 1864). A register of 
 claims filed on behalf of deceased soldiers and others, Jan. 3-Nov. 14, 
 
 1862 (1 vol.), shows date; claim number; name of the soldier or claimant; 
 name of the soldier’s attorney or administrator; soldier’s rank, company, 
 and regiment; and nature and amount of the claim. The register covers 
 claims for soldier’s pay, allowance for clothing, use or loss of horses and 
 equipment, food, and lodging; of physicians for services rendered at hos¬ 
 pitals or posts and to soldiers; and by others for the hire of slaves and for 
 supplies and provisions. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A diary of William W. Cleary, a Ken¬ 
 tuckian who served as an accountant in the Claims Division of the Second 
 Auditor’s Office in 1863, is in the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE THIRD AUDITOR 
 
 An increase in the business of the First Auditor’s Office resulted in 
 an act of Jan. 8, 1864 (1 Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 173), authorizing the appoint¬ 
 ment of a Third Auditor who was to audit the Post Office Department ac¬ 
 counts, including those of postmasters, contractors for regular mail routes 
 and special mail routes, route and express agents, and mail messengers 
 and local agents. 
 
 By Nov. 1864 the Third Auditor's Office was composed of the follow¬ 
 ing divisions: Collecting, Pay, Examining, Error, Register, Bookkeeper’s, 
 and U. S. Pay and Collecting. The chief clerk was A. Julian Moise, Jr. 
 There were also a warrant and draft clerk, route agent and special mail 
 clerk, and a letter book clerk. 
 
 J. W. M. Harris became Third Auditor on Jan. 21, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 365 . --Miscellaneous records, June 1861-Nov. 1864 
 (1/2 in.), include reports, lists of employees, payrolls, employees' ex¬ 
 emption certificates, and correspondence. Treasurer's warrants covering 
 moneys deposited by postmasters with depositaries, Apr. -Dec. 1864 (1/4 
 in.), show name and address of depositary, warrant number, amount de¬ 
 posited, and date. A journal of Post Office Department accounts, June 
 22, 1861-Mar. 30, 1865 (vol. 61C), shows date, names of depositaries, 
 names and locations of postmasters making deposits, dates and amounts 
 drawn by the Post Office Department on depositaries, warrant numbers, 
 and names of payees. 
 
 UGHTHOUSE BUREAU 
 
 An act of Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 47), authorized 
 the organization of a Lighthouse Bureau under a captain or commander of 
 the Navy to be detailed by the President. The Bureau was to have charge 
 of all lighthouses, light vessels, buoys, and other aids to navigation and 
 matters connected with their administration, construction, repair, illumi¬ 
 nation, and inspection The seacoasts of the Confederacy were to be 
 
114 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 divided into five lighthouse districts under the command of Navy lieutenants 
 to be appointed by the President. The district inspectors were designated 
 in April, and on May 20, 1861, Thomas E. Martin reported for duty as 
 chief clerk. 
 
 The Bureau administered a lighthouse system that had been estab¬ 
 lished by the United States and operated by its Lighthouse Board. By Apr. 
 1861 action by the States had already resulted in the seizure of lighthouses 
 and lightships along the seacoasts from Virginia to Texas and the removal 
 or destruction of lighting apparatus and supplies. Lightships and tenders 
 were transferred to the Navy and Army for use in their operations. To 
 maintain the lighthouses would have aided the blockading vessels of the U. 
 
 S. Navy, therefore by July 1861 most lights appear to have been extinguished, 
 and the district inspectors returned to the Navy. Thereafter the Bu¬ 
 reau was engaged primarily in a caretaking operation. Equipment and 
 supplies were removed from the exposed positions occupied by the light¬ 
 houses to interior storage points where they were more secure from 
 seizure by enemy raiders. Keepers became caretakers, and some of them 
 were forced to leave when U. S. forces occupied the coast and seized the 
 lighthouses. The work of the Bureau steadily declined, and on Feb. 5, 
 
 1864, its Chief was transferred to the First Auditor’s Office. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Bureau: 
 
 Comdr. Raphael Semmes, Apr. 1861. 
 
 Comdr. Ebenezer Farrand, Apr. 1861. 
 
 Thomas E. Martin, Sept. 21, 1861. 
 
 U. S. Lighthouse Board, List 
 of Light-Houses, Lighted Beacons , 
 and Floating Lights, of the Atlantic , 
 Gulf, and Pacific Coasts of the 
 
 United States (Washington, 1861); 
 George Weiss, The Lighthouse Ser¬ 
 vice; Its History, Activities and Or ¬ 
 ganization (Baltimore, 1926). 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Records relating to lighthouses, 1861-64 (subject 
 file KL, 1/4 in.), in the Naval Records Collection include correspondence 
 of the Chief of the Lighthouse Bureau, superintendent of lights’ accounts, 
 estimates of expenses, abstracts of expenditures, vouchers, and a list of 
 lighthouses in the District of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. 
 
 Record Group 365.--Correspondence, Apr. 12, 1861-Feb. 5, 1864, 
 consisting of incoming and outgoing correspondence with the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, other Treasury Department officials, superintendents of 
 lights, lighthouse keepers, naval and military officers, and others. These 
 letters concern such matters as the operation and maintenance of light¬ 
 houses, removal of equipment and property, compensation of caretakers, 
 personnel matters, inventorying of lighthouse property, and adjustment of 
 lighthouse superintendents’ accounts. Records (10 in.) relatingto lighthouses, 
 1861-65, include correspondence between the Chief of the Bureau and super¬ 
 intendents of lights, lighthouse keepers. Treasury Department officials. 
 Army and Navy officers, and other persons relating to the maintenance of 
 lighthouses and lightships, removal and concealment of lighthouse property, 
 repairs, transfer of oil to the Navy and the Army, compensation of keepers, 
 and other matters. Fiscal reports in this file include superintendents’ 
 abstracts of disbursements with vouchers, statements of accounts, returns 
 of light money collected from vessels, accounts current, and estimates of 
 funds required. Other documents include returns of stores received, con¬ 
 sumed and on hand, and inventories of lighthouse property. A list of the 
 
PRODUCE LOAN 
 
 115 
 
 lighthouses for which records are available in this series is in National 
 Archives, Preliminary Inventory [No. 169] of the Treasury Department 
 Collection of Confederate Records. 
 
 PRODUCE LOAN OFFICE 
 
 An act of Congress of May 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 117), 
 authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue $50 million in 8-percent 
 bonds payable in specie, military stores, or the proceeds of the sale of 
 raw produce or manufactured articles. The amount of the loan was in¬ 
 creased by an act of Aug. 19,1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 177), to 
 $100 million. Subscriptions to the loan were obtained by having Members 
 of Congress and prominent citizens circulate lists among planters. To 
 direct the work of making collections and obtaining new subscriptions the 
 Secretary of the Treasury in 1861-62 appointed general agents in the States. 
 Subagents were appointed by the general agents, but only the latter report¬ 
 ed direct to the Produce Loan Office in Richmond. Under the provisions 
 of an act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 47), authorizing the 
 exchange of bonds or stock for articles in kind, the subagents or special 
 agents provided for by that act also purchased cotton and tobacco. 
 
 In Jan. 1863 the general agents were as follows: Alabama: John Scott, 
 general agent for the State at Mobile; James A. Farley, agent for Mont¬ 
 gomery County at Montgomery; J. J. Donegan, agent for northern Alabama 
 at Huntsville. Arkansas : David Block at Washington. Florida : Thomas J. 
 Perkins at Tallahassee, agent to collect subscriptions; James B. Gladney, 
 agent to purchase cotton. Georgia : Phinizy & Clayton at Augusta. Missis ¬ 
 sippi and eastern Louisiana: James D. B. De Bow at Jackson, and after 
 May 1863 at Columbus. North Carolina : A. J. DeRosset at Wilmington, 
 agent to collect subscriptions; L. S. Williams at Charlotte, agent to pur¬ 
 chase cotton. South Carolina : Isaac S. K. Bennett at Charleston. Texas : 
 Henry Sampson at Houston, agent to collect subscriptions. Virginia: J. A. 
 Lancaster & Son at Richmond. Western Louisiana and eastern Texas: 
 Andrew W. McKee at Alexandria. 
 
 In Aug. 1864 J. W. Clapp was appointed general agent at Columbus, 
 Miss., superseding De Bow. In Feb. 1863 cotton purchases in eastern 
 Texas were placed under the supervision of Henry Sampson. In Aug. 1864 
 James T. Belknap replaced McKee at Alexandria, La. 
 
 The large quantities of cotton that were obtained were stored in 
 buildings on plantations, in municipal warehouses, and at railheads. Some 
 was shipped abroad to pay the Confederacy’s foreign debt and purchase 
 Army supplies. But much of it was captured by U. S. forces or burned by 
 Confederate authorities. Produce Loan agents also handled cotton acquired 
 under the tax in kind. Special agents were appointed to purchase and pro¬ 
 cess tobacco of which a much smaller quantity was obtained. Allen S. 
 Gibbes served as Treasury agent for the export of cotton at Wilmington, N. 
 C. After the resignation of James D. B. De Bow as head of the Produce 
 Loan Office in Jan. 1862, the Office was placed under the supervision of 
 the Register of the Treasury. On Jan. 21, 1862, Archibald Roane was 
 designated the acting chief clerk and instructed to prepare lists of sub¬ 
 scriptions for each general agency. An act of May 1, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 135), placed the Office under the chief clerk, and the Register was 
 informed that he was relieved of responsibility for the Office. 
 
116 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Office: 
 
 James D. B. De Bow, Aug. 1861. 
 Robert Tyler, Jan. 3, 1862. 
 Archibald Roane, May 1, 1863. 
 
 C.S.A. Produce Loan Office, 
 Report (Richmond, 1864). An alpha¬ 
 betical list of persons who sold 
 cotton to the Confederate States in 
 the States of Alabama, Arkansas, 
 Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mis¬ 
 sissippi, and South Carolina is in 
 S. Doc . 987, 62 Cong., 3 sess., 
 Serial 6348, p. 6-260 (Washington, 
 1913). Documents relating to the 
 sale of cotton to the Confederate 
 Government are among the records 
 of the Civil War Special Agencies 
 of the Treasury Department (Re¬ 
 
 cord Group 366). Records of Gaza¬ 
 way B. Lamar, cotton trader, block¬ 
 ade-runner, president of the Bank 
 Conventions of the Confederate States, 
 and president of the Bank of Com¬ 
 merce of Savannah, are also in that 
 record group (see Guide to Federal 
 Archives Relating to the Civil War , 
 p. 238). See also Edwin B. Codding- 
 ton, "The Activities and Attitudes of 
 a Confederate Business Man: Gaza¬ 
 way B. Lamar, " Journal of South ¬ 
 ern History, 9:3-36 (Feb. 1943). 
 
 Record Group 365 . --Miscellaneous records, Jan. 1862-Jan. 1865 
 (1 in.), consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence with Treasury 
 Department and other Government officials. Produce Loan agents, cotton 
 agents, subscribers to loans, and private individuals regarding accounts, 
 reports, personnel matters, bonds of Produce Loan agents, instructions, 
 and other matters; a list of clerks in the Office and a report by the Chief 
 of the Office, Oct. 30, 1864; statements of sales of bonds; accounts of the 
 Treasury cotton agent at Wilmington; receipts for the payment of commis¬ 
 sions; oaths of office; a statement of subscriptions to the produce loan. 
 Mar. 15, 1862; estimates of expenses; lists of bids for cotton bonds; a list 
 of subscribers to the produce loan; and other papers. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -An extensive collection of James D. B. 
 De Bow's papers in Duke University Library includes correspondence with 
 the Secretary of the Treasury. (After serving as the head of the Produce 
 Loan Office in Richmond, De Bow became its agent in Mississippi and 
 Louisiana.) 
 
 OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF TAXES 
 
 An act of Congress of Aug. 19, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 1/7), 
 authorized the levying of a war tax for the redemption of Treasury notes 
 and the support of the Government. A tax of $0.50 was to be levied on each 
 $100 of value of real estate, slaves, merchandise, stocks, securities, 
 money, and other property. Each State was to constitute a tax division 
 under a chief collector who was to divide the State into collection districts 
 and appoint collectors to assess all taxable property by Nov. 1, 1861. 
 
 The tax collectors could appoint assessors. In Sept. 1861 the President 
 appointed the following chief collectors: Joseph C. Bradley in Alabama, 
 William H. Halliburton in Arkansas, E. E. Blackburn in Florida, Ebenezer 
 Starnes in Georgia, Robert A. Lusher in Louisiana, John H. Handy in Mis¬ 
 sissippi, William K. Lane in North Carolina, William E. Martin in South 
 Carolina, Isaac B. Williams in Tennessee, George J. Durham ia-Texas, 
 and Henry T. Garnett in Virginia. Joseph D. Pope became the chief 
 
COMMISSIONER OF TAXES 
 
 117 
 
 collector in South Carolina after Martin declined the appointment. 
 
 Subsequent legislation increased the taxes. In Apr. 1863 taxes were 
 levied on agricultural products, on many occupations, trades, and busi¬ 
 nesses, and on income. In Feb. 1864 additional taxes were imposed on 
 gold and silver plate and jewelry, corporation shares, solvent credits, 
 paper currency, gold and silver coin and bullion, gold dust, real estate, 
 and Confederate bonds. 
 
 The enlargement of the tax structure necessitated a reorganization 
 of the tax-collecting organization. An act of May 1, 1863 (1 Cong. C. S. A. 
 Stat. 140), authorized the appointment of a Commissioner of Taxes in the 
 Treasury Department to have charge of the preparation and distribution of 
 instructions, regulations, and directions and of other matters connected 
 with the assessment and collection of the taxes. A system of State tax 
 collectors, district collectors, and assessors similar to that established 
 in 1861 was organized; some former chief collectors were reappointed. 
 
 Chief collectors confirmed by the Senate on May 20, 1864, included the 
 following; Abram Martin in Alabama, A. R. Greenwood in Arkansas, 
 
 Robert H. Gamble in Florida, E. G. Cabaniss in Georgia, Robert M. 
 
 Lusher in Louisiana, G. F. Neill in Mis'sissippi, W. K. Lane in North 
 Carolina, Joseph D. Pope in South Carolina, D. N. Kennedy in Tennessee, 
 George J. Durham in Texas, and T. C. Green in Virginia. Henry Sparnick 
 was the chief clerk under the Commissioner. The tax in kind was collec¬ 
 ted by quartermasters (see the section on the Quartermaster General’s 
 Department in chapter Vn of this Guide ). By Apr. 1864 471 collection 
 districts had been established. 
 
 Thompson Allan became chief clerk of the War Tax Office on Oct. 1, 
 1861, and Commissioner of Taxes on July 2, 1863. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books. Sept. 24, 1861-Feb. 24, 
 
 1865 (ch. X, parts of vols. 165, 172, vols. 189, 191, and 193-201), con¬ 
 tain letters mainly to chief collectors of States and district collectors but 
 also to Members of Congress, State Governors, receivers of sequestered 
 property, tax assessors. Government officials, and others concerning 
 appointments and commissions, bonds, payment of taxes, reports of col¬ 
 lections, corrections to assessment lists, sequestered property, compen¬ 
 sation, and other matters. Letters and telegrams received, 1861-65 (2 
 ft.), are from Confederate Government and State officials and concern 
 appointments, the establishment of collection districts, bonds, tax laws, 
 tax collections, and administrative matters. A register of letters received. 
 Sept. 25, 1861-Feb. 15, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 192), shows name of writer, 
 date and file number of letter, and its subject. Reports of the Commis¬ 
 sioner of Taxes and other papers, 1863-65 (1 in.), include regulations 
 issued to the field staff and letters of the Commissioner to the Secretary 
 of the Treasury. A file of miscellaneous records, 1861-65 (3 in.), con¬ 
 tains instructions and regulations issued by the Commissioner of Taxes, 
 reports of work done by his clerical staff, decisions of the Secretary of the 
 Treasury on tax matters, accounts of collection offices, certified lists of 
 counties from State Comptrollers, statements of taxes collected and to be 
 collected, assessment rolls of counties, lists of appointments of district 
 collectors and assessors, lists of counties not assessed because of occu¬ 
 pation by the enemy, and correspondence. Also in this record group is a 
 record of the receipt and distribution of printed instructions and regula¬ 
 tions, 1863-64 (ch. X, vol. 190, p. 316-399). 
 
 Reports and statements of taxes collected, 1861-65 (17 ft.), show 
 
118 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 the date, name of taxpayer, amount of tax collected, and sometimes 
 amounts for different kinds of taxes. With these reports are State collec¬ 
 tors’ monthly statements of money received from district collectors, 
 estimates of funds needed for office expenses, requisitions for funds, re¬ 
 fund certificates for taxes wrongfully paid and refunded, depositions re¬ 
 garding the receipt of counterfeit money in payment of taxes, letters from 
 State collectors submitting lists of district collectors and assessors, let¬ 
 ters from district collectors regarding collections, and copies of corre¬ 
 spondence between State collectors and district collectors. There are 
 oversize tax returns in the form of rolls or folded papers for districts in 
 Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Among 
 those for Virginia are individual tax returns by taxpayers of Richmond, 
 1863-65, showing the kinds of taxes, rate, salary, amount of tax, occupa¬ 
 tion and address, name of assessor, and signature of the taxpayer. There 
 are abstracts of estimates of articles due as tax in kind, 1863-64, for Ala¬ 
 bama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. 
 
 A list of collectors, sureties, and assessors of the war tax, 1863-65 
 (ch. X, vol. 190), shows the State; number of the collection district; 
 counties in the district; names of collectors, deputy collectors, and asses¬ 
 sors; sureties; and amount of and date of bond. Sales tax registers for 
 district no. 10, Richmond, Va., Aug. 1863-Feb. 1865 (ch. X, vols. 202- 
 206), show the names of businessmen, corporations, and firms liable to 
 the sales tax, date of registry, residence, time, place, type of business, 
 number and names of persons in the firm, amount of capital invested, 
 amount of specific tax, amount of gross sales and receipts at time of re¬ 
 gistry, tax due on sales, and a certification of the genuineness of the in¬ 
 formation. 
 
 Record Group 365 .--Miscellaneous records, Jan. 1862-Mar. 1865 
 (7 in.), consist of correspondence regarding accounts of State collectors 
 and their estimates of funds needed for expenses, accounts of tax assessors, 
 and other accounts; quarterly abstracts of disbursements by State collec¬ 
 tors and assessors, and of the Office of the Commissioner of Taxes show¬ 
 ing the purposes of expenditures and amounts, with supporting vouchers; 
 and payrolls of the Office, showing names of employees, the amounts paid 
 to them, and their signatures. Records of State collectors are described 
 below as records of field offices. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Confederate tax declarations filed in 
 Wythe County, Va., 1864-65 (275 items), are in the Archives Division of 
 the Virginia State Library. 
 
 TREASURY NOTE BUREAU 
 
 Under legislation adopted by the Confederate Congress during 1861- 
 64 the Treasury Department issued Treasury notes or paper currency in 
 different denominations and designs totaling more than $1 1/2 billion. 
 Contracts for printing the notes were made with private companies includ¬ 
 ing the National Bank Note Co. of New York, the Southern Bank Note Co. 
 of New Orleans, J. Manouvrier of New Orleans, Hoyer & Ludwig of Rich¬ 
 mond, J. T. Paterson of Columbia, S. C., Keatinge & Ball of Richmond 
 (later Columbia), Blanton Duncan of Richmond (later Columbia), Evans & 
 Cogswell of Charleston, Archer & Daly of Richmond, and Dunn & Co. of 
 Richmond. The Secretary of the Treasury superintended the printing with 
 the assistance of Principal Clerks Thompson Allan (July-Sept. 1861) and 
 
TREASURY NOTE BUREAU 
 
 119 
 
 B. F. Slocumb (Sept. 1861-1862). For greater security some of the print¬ 
 ing establishments were moved in Apr. 1862 to Columbia, and thus two 
 Treasury Note Divisions came to exist. That at Columbia supervised the 
 printers and engravers and prepared the Treasury notes and had them 
 taken by courier to Richmond. The office at Richmond was concerned with 
 dating and numbering the notes and keeping them secure until they had been 
 signed by the Treasurer's and Register’s clerks and turned over to the 
 Treasurer for distribution. 
 
 An act of Feb. 3, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 178), created the 
 Treasury Note Bureau, which was to have charge of printing and preparing 
 Treasury notes and bonds. The Bureau was moved from the capital to 
 Columbia at the end of Apr. 1864, W. Y. Leitch, the Assistant Treasurer 
 at Charleston, was directed to move to Columbia to take charge there of 
 the distribution of Treasury notes. All printing of Treasury notes ceased 
 when General Sherman’s army attacked Columbia on Feb.^20, 1865. 
 
 Heads of the Treasury Note Divisions: 
 
 Sanders G. Jamison (Richmond), Mar. 1, 1862. 
 
 Joseph D. Pope (Columbia), May 10, 1862. 
 
 Charles F. Hanckel (Colunibia), May 23, 1862. 
 
 Sanders G. Jamison became the head of the Treasury Note Bureau 
 on Feb. 10, 1864. 
 
 Philip H. Chase, Confederate 
 Treasury Notes; the Paper Money 
 of the Confederate States of Ameri ¬ 
 ca, 1861-1865 (Philadelphia, 1947); 
 Grover C. Criswell, Jr., and 
 Clarence L. Criswell, Criswell’s 
 Currency Series, Vol. I, Confed¬ 
 erate and Southern States Currency ; 
 a Descriptive Listing, Including 
 Rarity (Pass-A-Grille Beach, Fla., 
 1957); Arlie R. Slabaugh, Confed¬ 
 erate States Money; a Type Catalog 
 of the Paper Money Issued by the 
 Confederate States During the Civil 
 War, 1861-1865 (Racine, 1961); 
 
 Raphael P. Thian, Confederate Note 
 Album for a Complete Collection 
 (With Descriptive Letter-Press)~of 
 
 the Various Designs for Face and 
 Back Selected by the Confederate 
 Treasury Authorities for the Curren¬ 
 cy of the Confederate States of Amer ¬ 
 ica, 1861-1865 ([Washington, 1876]); 
 U. S. Adjutant General’s Office, Re¬ 
 gister of Issues of Confederate 
 States Treasury Notes, Together 
 With Tabular Exhibits of the Debt , 
 Funded and Unfunded, of the Confed ¬ 
 erate States of America , comp, by 
 Raphael P. Thian (Washington, 1880). 
 
 Record Group 39 . --There are Treasury notes, bonds, and certifi¬ 
 cates ,nr86lTM'Xi~voI7) , in the records of the Bureau of Accounts of the 
 Treasury Department. 
 
 Record Group 109 . - -Registers of Treasury notes issued under acts 
 of Congress, 1861-63 (ch. X, vols. 98-114, 2 1/2 ft.), show the names of 
 signers for the Treasurer and the Register; to whom issued (usually "To 
 Bearer"), registered number of the notes; and the number, denomination, 
 and value of the notes. A schedule of Treasury note plates. Sept. 2, 1861- 
 Apr. 7, 1864 (ch. X, vol. 121), shows the denomination of the notes andthe 
 name of the platemaker. Other records include a record of Treasury note 
 redemption, July 31, 1862-Feb. 18, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 115); a record of 
 Treasury notes signed by John W. Jones, Mar. -Sept. 1862 (ch. X, vol. 
 186); a memorandum of Treasury notes signed by Thomas D. Walford and 
 T. F. Grayson, June 1862-June 1863 (ch. X, vol. 265); certifications of 
 Treasury notes returned for redemption, Jan. 3-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. X, vol. 
 
120 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 266); and a list of schedules of interest paid on 7/30 Treasury notes, 1864- 
 65 (ch. X, vol. 60A). 
 
 Record Group 365. --Miscellaneous records, Aug. 1861-Mar. 1865 (6 
 in.), include correspondence relating to personnel matters and the printing 
 and shipment of Treasury notes, payrolls of the offices of the Bureau at 
 Columbia and Richmond, accounts of the disbursing clerk in Columbia, 
 reports by Comptroller's Office clerks on canceled Treasury notes count¬ 
 ed, regulations for organizing the Bureau, and other documents. Bonds, 
 stocks, and certificates of indebtedness, 1861-65 (5 ft.), include printed 
 coupon and registered bonds and stock, nontaxable certificates of indebt¬ 
 edness, and call certificates issued by the Confederate Government to sub¬ 
 scribers to loans authorized by acts of Congress and to other persons who 
 turned in Treasury notes. Most of the bonds were issued to "Bearer” and 
 have unused interest coupons attached, but some show the names of bond¬ 
 holders and the persons to whom the bonds were assigned. Treasury notes 
 issued by the Confederate States of America, 1861-64, consist of canceled 
 notes in denominations of $0.50, $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Most of 
 the notes are expected to be transferred to the Smithsonian Institution, but 
 samples will be retained by the National Archives. Chronological lists of 
 the notes prepared by the U.S. Treasury Department show the number of 
 notes of different denominations in the collection. Other records relating 
 to Treasury notes and to the Treasury Note Bureau at Columbia are de¬ 
 scribed below as records of field offices. 
 
 TREASURY AGENT FOR THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST 
 
 An act of Congress of Jan. 27, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 176), au¬ 
 thorized the President to appoint an agent of the Treasury Department to 
 serve as the deputy of the Secretary of the Treasury in the region west of 
 the Mississippi River. An act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 230), 
 authorized the establishment in the War Department’s Trans-Mississippi 
 Department of a Bureau of the Auditor and a Bureau of the Comptroller 
 under officers who were to be appointed by the President. The auditor was 
 to receive and examine all public accounts, including those of the Post 
 Office Department, arising in the Trans-Mississippi Department and "to 
 keep all accounts of the receipts and disbursements of the public money and 
 of all debts due to or from the Confederate States within the trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi department; to receive from the comptroller the accounts which shall 
 have been adjusted by him and to preserve such accounts with their vouchers 
 and certificates subject to the orders of the Secretary of the Treasury; to 
 record all warrants for the receipts of payment of moneys at the Treasury 
 on account of expenditures made within the said trans-Mississippi depart¬ 
 ment, certify the same thereon and transmit to the Secretary copies of the 
 certificates of balances of accounts adjusted as herein directed. " The 
 auditor was also to preserve the evidence of claims against the Confederate 
 Government for the loss of slaves and other property to the enemy and of 
 property destroyed under military necessity. The comptroller was "to 
 superintend the adjustment and preservation of public accounts; to examine 
 all accounts settled by the auditor, except those relating to the Post-Office 
 Department, and certify the balances arising thereon to the auditor; to 
 countersign all warrants drawn by the agent of the Treasury for the trans- 
 Mississippi department, which shall be authorized by law; to report to the 
 agent of the Treasury the official forms of all papers to be issued in the 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 121 
 
 different offices for collecting the public revenue and the manner and form 
 of keeping and stating the accounts of the several persons employed there¬ 
 in. " By a regulation of May 1, 1864, the auditor and comptroller were 
 made responsible to the agent of the Treasury. The agent was also to 
 superintend the collection of taxes in the Trans-Mississippi district and 
 the State collectors were to make their reports through him to the com¬ 
 missioner of taxes. The agent also had general supervision of all deposi¬ 
 taries, collectors, and Treasury agents in his department, exercising such 
 authority over them as was entrusted to the Secretary of the Treasury but 
 subject to his revision and control. An act of June 14, 1864 (2 Cong. C.S. 
 A. Stat. 272), directed that claims for supplies furnished to the Army 
 originating west of the Mississippi were to be settled by the accounting 
 officers of the Treasury agency for the Trans-Mississippi West. 
 
 Peter W. Gray took the oath of office as agent of the Treasury Depart¬ 
 ment on Mar. 2, 1864, and established his office at Marshall, Tex., on 
 July 1. The region over which he had authority included Texas, Arkansas, 
 and western Louisiana. David F. Shall assumed the duties of auditor in 
 July, and Thomas H. Kennedy became the comptroller. Late in 1864Capt. 
 W. C. Black reported to the Treasury agent at Marshall to head a 
 Foreign Supply Office, whose function was to export cotton and purchase 
 supplies for the Army in foreign markets. The Treasury agency destroyed 
 or abandoned its books and papers and moved westward from Marshall on 
 May 22, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109 . --In this record group is an account book of the 
 Bureau of the Auditor, July 1864-May 1865 (ch. 11, vol. 201 1/2). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Letters to P. W. Gray from the Secre¬ 
 tary of the Treasury, June 2, 1864, regarding the appointment of additional 
 depositaries, and from C. W. West, Jan. 12, 1865, concerning the rights 
 of States to export cotton, are in the Louisiana Historical Association col¬ 
 lection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane Uni¬ 
 versity. A diary of John Brown, the Confederate depositary at Camden, 
 Ark., in 1864-65, is in the Southern Historical Collection of the University 
 of North Carolina Library. Papers of Capt. W. C. Black, 1863-65 (6 
 items), are in the same repository. Press copies of letters sent by the 
 Foreign Supply Office, Jan. 7-May 22, 1865 (2 vols.), are in the Confeder¬ 
 ate Museum. These are letters from Captain Black to agents of the Office 
 at Houston, San Antonio, and Goliad, C. J. Helm in Havana, Colin J. Mc¬ 
 Rae in Europe, Maj. J. F. Minter in England, Lt. Col. W. A. Broadwell, 
 Chief of the Cotton Bureau, other Army officers, Fraser, Trenholm &Co. 
 in Liverpool, and others. 
 
 RECORDS OF FIELD OFFICES 
 
 Records of Treasury Department field offices and agents and records 
 of the Department relating to field operations were arranged by the U. S. 
 Treasury Department on a geographic basis. To facilitate the use of the 
 records in the investigation of claims against the U.S. Government special 
 index volumes were prepared. Though imperfect in some respects, these 
 indexes are still considered useful, and the geographic arrangement of the 
 records has been retained. Other records relating to Treasury Depart¬ 
 ment field operations are described below by States. 
 
 Customhouses at Confederate ports were seized and operated by the 
 State governments before being transferred to the Confederate Government 
 
122 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 in Feb-Mar. 1861 for administration by the Treasury Department. Besides 
 collecting duties on merchandise imported, the collectors of customs 
 sometimes served as depositaries, received crew lists from outgoing 
 vessels and passenger lists and cargo manifests from incoming vessels, 
 superintended lighthouses, issued documents to vessels, collected funds 
 for marine hospitals, attempted to suppress smuggling, and submitted re¬ 
 turns on commerce and navigation and the efficacy of the Union blockade. 
 
 Lists of customs collectors 
 are in Thian, "Correspondence of 
 the Treasury Department, " appen¬ 
 dix IV, p. 32-34; Todd, Confeder¬ 
 ate Finance , p. 195-196; and Na¬ 
 tional Archives, Preliminary 
 Inventory of the Treasury Depart¬ 
 ment Collection of Confederate 
 Archives. Forrest R. Holdcamper, 
 
 "Registers, Enrollments and Licen¬ 
 ses in the National Archives, " 
 American Neptune, 1:275-294 (July 
 1941); National Archives, Custom¬ 
 house Marine Document a tion; a 
 List by Series Showing Ports for 
 Which Documents Are Available in Re ¬ 
 cord Group 41 , comp, by Forrest R. 
 Holdcamper (Washington, Nov. 1962). 
 
 The Confederate collectors of customs in such ports as Charleston, 
 Mobile, and New Orleans continued to use record books and to add to files 
 that had been initiated by U.S. collectors. After the war the records re¬ 
 mained in the customhouses, and records for those ports and others have 
 been accessioned by the National Archives and are now part of Record 
 Group 36 (Bureau of Customs). Vessel documents received with the cus¬ 
 tomhouse records have been transferred by the National Archives to Re¬ 
 cord Group 41 (Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation). Other cus¬ 
 toms collectors’ records are in Record Groups 109 and 365. 
 
 Prize case files among the re¬ 
 cords of the U. S. District Courts 
 for the Southern District of New 
 York and the District of Maryland 
 contain documents relating to 
 
 Southern merchant ships that were 
 seized by U.S. naval vessels (see 
 Guide to Federal Archives Relating 
 to the Civil War). 
 
 Assistant Treasurers and depositaries represented the Treasury De¬ 
 partment locally to receive public revenue collected from taxes, customs, 
 and the sale of stocks and bonds and to disburse funds on warrants re¬ 
 ceived from the Treasury Department. In Mar. 1861 Anthony J. Guirot 
 and Benjamin C. Pressley were appointed Assistant Treasurers at New 
 Orleans and Charleston, respectively. Guirot later had to move his office 
 to Jackson, then to Mobile, to Selma, and finally to Meridian, Miss. 
 Pressley was succeeded in June 1862 by W. Y. Leitch, who moved his of¬ 
 fice the next year to Columbia and in 1865 to Chester. 
 
 A list of depositaries is in Inventory of the Treasury Depart - 
 
 National Archives, Preliminary ment Collection of Confederate Records. 
 
 Some functions that had been carried on in the South by the U.S. Treas¬ 
 ury Department were not continued by the Confederate Treasury Depart¬ 
 ment. Confederate or State forces seized the mints at New Orleans, 
 Dahlonega, and Charlotte, but an act of May 14, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 110), directed the suspension of the operations of those mints. 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 123 
 
 Assay offices that were opened at the mints did very little business during 
 1861-62. About the beginning of Oct. 1861 the employees of the Charlotte 
 mint were dismissed, and later that month the bullion and coins on hand 
 were deposited with the Assistant Treasurer at Charleston. In May 1862 
 the Charlotte mint was turned over to the Navy Department for use by the 
 navy yard. In 1861 there were marine hospitals at Norfolk, Ocracoke, 
 Wilmington, Charleston, Key West, St. Marks, Mobile, New Orleans, and 
 Napoleon. A congressional resolution of May 16, 1861, limited their expen¬ 
 ses to funds received from seamen for their support and authorized placing 
 them under any corporate or State authority that might undertake to keep 
 them open as hospitals (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 163). The revenue cut¬ 
 ters William J. Duane at Norfolk, William Aiken at Charleston, Minot at 
 New Bern, Lewis Cass at Mobile, Robert McClelland , Morgan, and Wash¬ 
 ington at New Orleans, and Dodge at Galveston were seized by State author¬ 
 ities. The Minot (renamed the Manassas) , the Lewis Cass, the cutters 
 obtained at New Orleans and the Dodge were turned over to the Confederate 
 Navy, and their officers were largely transferred to the Navy. 
 
 In Dec. 1860 the State of North Carolina seized the U.S. Coast Survey 
 vessels Petrel and Firefly at Charleston. The Petrel became a privateer 
 and was sunk by the U. S. S. St. Lawrence off the coast of South Carolina 
 on July 28, 1861. The Firefly was turned over to the Confederate Navy and 
 became attached to the Savannah River Squadron. The Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment did not engage in coast surveying. 
 
 R ecords Relating to Alabama 
 
 Record Group 21 . --A letters-sent book of Abram Martin, the chief 
 tax collector for the State of Alabama at Montgomery, May 16, 1863-Jan. 
 
 24, 1865, is in the Federal Records Center at East Point, Ga., which re¬ 
 ceived it in 1953 from the U.S. District Court at Montgomery. The book 
 contains fair copies of outgoing letters, lists of tax collectors and asses¬ 
 sors, lists of collectors’ bonds and assessors’ accounts, a list of drafts 
 drawn by the Confederate Treasurer, a memorandum of drafts for collec¬ 
 tors and supervisory assessors, a report of certificates of deposit, lists 
 of certificates for 4-percent bonds deposited by the chief collector with the 
 depository at Montgomery, and a statement showing the amount of certifi¬ 
 cates of deposit and of certificates for bonds returned to Martin. 
 
 Record Group 36 . - -An extensive collection of records of the collector 
 of customs at Mobile includes some Confederate materials, such as an 
 account book. Mar. 1, 1861-May 30, 1862 (part of a volume for 1860-62), 
 and a daybook. Mar. 5, 1861-Aug. 1, 1864 (part of a volume for 1860-65). 
 Records relating to merchandise imported include an abstract of duties, 
 
 Oct. 1862-Oct. 1864 (1/4 in.); inward and outward cargo manifests, 1861-64 
 (1 1/2 ft.); entry papers, 1861-64 (1 ft.); inspector’s returns. Mar. 1861- 
 Aug. 1862 (part of a volume for 1857-62); invoices of cargo, 1861-64 (1/2 
 in.); a register of merchandise brought into the district of Mobile, Mar. - 
 July 1861 (part of a volume for 1857-69); a warehouse book. Mar. 1-June 
 20, 1861 (part of a volume for 1856-68); and warehouse bonds, 1861-64 (3 in.; 
 part of a volume for 1859-61). There are records relating to vessels 
 cleared. Mar. 1861-June 1864 (parts of a volume for 1857-64) and entered. 
 Mar. 1861-June 1864 (part of a volume for 1857-64). There are also crew 
 lists for 1861-64 (1 in.). Other records include a record of exports of 
 domestic produce in foreign vessels, Apr. 1861-June 1864 (part of a volume 
 
124 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 for 1861-75); a record of exports of domestic produce in foreign and Amer¬ 
 ican vessels, Mar. 2-29, 1861 (part of a volume for 1850-61); copies of 
 bonds of consignors for the export of cotton, Jan. -May 1862 (1 vol.); copies 
 of oaths of masters of vessels concerning the entering of cotton for expor¬ 
 tation and the payment of the export duty, Jan. 24-May 5, 1862, and Apr. 
 
 10, 1863 (1 vol.); and a return of hospital money collected, Jan. 1861-Mar. 
 
 1862 (part of a volume for 1857-72). 
 
 R ecord Group 41 . - -Marine documentation accumulated by the collec¬ 
 tor of customs at Mobile and now among the records of the Bureau of Ma¬ 
 rine Inspection and Navigation includes duplicate certificates of enrollment 
 of vessels. Mar. 11, 1861-Jan. 1, 1864 (part of a volume for 1857-65); bonds 
 for enrolled vessels. Mar. 11, 1861-Nov. 24, 1863 (part of a volume for 
 1854-66); duplicate certificates of registry of vessels. Mar. 22, 1861-Nov. 
 
 9, 1864 (part of a volume for 1859-65); duplicate licenses of vessels, Feb. 
 28, 1861-July 26, 1864 (part of a volume for 1859-68); duplicate licenses of 
 vessels. Mar. 8, 1861-July 26, 1864 (1/2 in. , part of a file for 1860-65); 
 bonds for licensed vessels, Feb. 26, 1861-July 26, 1864 (part of a volume 
 for 1860-66); copies of enrollments and licenses of vessels, May 1861-Nov. 
 
 1863 (1/4 in., part of a file for 1858-68); a record of certificates of regis¬ 
 try and enrollment and licenses issued and surrendered, 1861-64 (part of a 
 volume for 1854-64); bills of sale of enrolled vessels. Mar. 4, 1861-Apr. 
 
 10, 1862 (p. 190-310 of a volume for 1859-62); bills of sale of enrolled ves¬ 
 sels, Mar. 21-Apr. 20, 1861 (p. 53-66 of a volume for 1853-61); bills of 
 sale of enrolled vessels. Mar. 8, 1862-Sept. 3, 1863 (1 vol.); bills of sale 
 of registered vessels. Sept. 19, 1861-June 30, 1864 (part of a volume for 
 1856-65); and oaths of ownership of vessels, Feb. 26, 1861-Jan. 13, 1862, 
 and Feb. 8, 1862-Mar. 1, 1865 (parts of volumes for 1856-62 and 1862-66). 
 
 Record Group 365. --Miscellaneous accounts and receipts of Anthony 
 J. Guirot, Assistant Treasurer at Mobile, Jan. 1864-Jan. 1865 (1 in.); 
 receipts for the payment of interest on Treasury notes by Guirot, Jan. 
 1862-Jan. 1865 (1 ft. 6 in. ); miscellaneous lists and statements. Mar. 1, 
 1864-May 1, 1865 (vol. 9A), consisting of lists of Treasury notes funded by 
 Guirot and Charles Walsh (the depositary at Mobile), accounts of interest 
 payments on Treasury notes made by Guirot, statements of 4-percent stock 
 certificates delivered to Guirot by Henry Barnewall (tax collector in the 
 49th district of Alabama), and a list of coupon bonds for loan subscribers 
 at Mobile; miscellaneous reports, June 29, 1863-Mar. 6, 1865 (1/2 in.), 
 consisting of reports and statements prepared by or received by Walsh and 
 Guirot concerning Treasury notes funded, certificates of 4-percent regis¬ 
 tered bonds received in payment of taxes and forwarded to the Assistant 
 Treasurer for deposit, and receipts for bonds issued under the loan pro¬ 
 vision of the act of Feb. 17, 1864; weekly reports of Treasury notes funded 
 into 4-percent stock by Charles Walsh, Mar. 7-July 1, 1864 (vol. 1); and 
 stub books for certificates issued by A. J. Guirot, Mar. 2, 1863-Mar. 6, 
 1865 (15 vols.). 
 
 Other records accumulated at Mobile by John Scott, general agent of 
 the Produce Loan for the State of Alabama, include accounts and receipts. 
 Mar. 1863-Apr. 1865 (1 in.); reports on cotton purchased in Alabama and 
 Mississippi, Oct. 20, 1862-Mar. 31, 1864 (vols. 4A-4B); a cash book, Aug. 
 4, 1862-Apr. 3, 1865 (1 vol.); a journal of Produce Loan accounts, Aug. 23, 
 1862-Mar. 30, 1865 (1 vol.); a ledger of Produce Loan accounts, Nov. 1, 
 
 1862- Mar. 30, 1865 (1 vol.); and a record of cotton transactions, June 15, 
 
 1863- Apr. 8, 1865 (vol. 5C). 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 125 
 
 Records of James A. Farley, general agent of the Produce Loan for 
 the State of Alabama at Montgomery, include miscellaneous accounts, Feb. 
 4, 1862-Dec. 30, 1864 (1/3 in.), relating to the purchase of cotton and 
 other disbursements; invoices of cotton purchased by subagents, Oct. 13, 
 
 1862- June 27, 1863 (1/3 in.); a record of cotton transactions, Oct. 13, 1862- 
 May 27, 1865 (vol. 5D); an alphabetical list of subscribers to the produce 
 loan, Feb. 1862-July 1863 (vol. 8); certificates (receipts) issued to sub¬ 
 scribers under the loan of Aug. 19, 1861, Jan. 24, 1862-Feb. 29, 1863 (4 
 in.); stub books of certificates issued to subscribers, Jan. 24, 1862-Nov. 
 
 26, 1863 (2 vols., numbered 4C); certificates issued to subscribers under 
 the loan of Feb. 20, 1863, Mar. 26-July 30, 1863 (3/4 in.); stub books of 
 certificates issued to subscribers under the loan of Feb. 20, 1863, Mar. 
 
 17-July 31, 1863 (4 vols., numbered 3D); receipts for the delivery of coupon 
 bonds to subscribers to the loans of Aug. 19, 1861, and Feb. 20, 1863, Feb. 
 
 8, 1862-Feb. 23, 1865 (vols. 3A-3B); and quarterly reports of bonds re¬ 
 ceived and issued in payment of cotton purchased, Jan. 15-Mar. 31, 1863 
 (vol. 3E). 
 
 In May 1862 Thaddeus Sanford moved the depository from Mobile to 
 Montgomery. Reports, correspondence, and other papers of Sanford, Dec. 
 
 1861- Mar. 1865 (1 1/2 in.), concern the payment of interest on bonds and 
 Treasury notes, delivery of bonds to subscribers, and redemption of call 
 certificates. Reports, lists, and statements. Sept. 1864-Mar. 1865 (vol. 
 
 7), concern balances due disbursing officers, interest paid on bonds and 
 Treasury notes, and canceled Treasury notes. Receipts for the payment 
 of interest on Treasury notes, Jan. 1862-Jan. 1865 (1 1/2 ft.), are mostly 
 those of Sanford but include some by Assistant Treasurer Guirot at Mobile. 
 Other records include schedules of certificates deposited by Abram Martin, 
 chief tax collector for Alabama, May 5, 1864-Jan. 28, 1865 (vol. 6); a 
 record of interest payments to subscribers to loans of 1861 and 1863, Dec. 
 
 1863- Dec. 1864 (3 vols.); and stub books of certificates issued for stocks 
 and bonds exchanged under various loans. Mar. 19, 1863-Mar. 28, 1865 
 (2 vols.). 
 
 Other Treasury Department records relating to various localities in 
 Alabama include bills of sale and consolidated lists of sales of cotton to 
 Produce Loan agents, Oct. 1862-Mar. 1865 (6 in.); a record of cotton pur¬ 
 chased by Gray A. Chandler, a subagent of the Produce Loan, Nov. 17, 
 
 1862- Jan. 22, 1864 (vol. 4C); loan commissioners’ and Produce Loan agents' 
 receipts for the delivery of coupon bonds. May 14, 1861-Dec. 3, 1864 (lin.); 
 depositaries' weekly reports of certificates issued. Mar. 5, 1864-Jan. 7, 
 1865 (vol. 2); certificates issued by depositaries throughout the State of 
 Alabama for bonds and registered stock, Dec. 1862-Dec. 1864 (2 ft. 6 in.); 
 and vouchers for cotton purchased by military officers, June 30, 1862-Apr. 
 12, 1865 (1 in.). 
 
 Records Relating to Arkansas 
 
 Record Group 109 . --Accounts, returns, and correspondence of Ed¬ 
 ward Cross, depositary at Little Rock, Jan. 1863-Jan. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 
 
 74). 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -Lists of cotton purchased by David Block, Produce 
 Loan agent, Oct. 1862-Jan. 1864 (1/2 in.); and weekly reports and vouchers 
 of Edward Cross, Sept. 21, 1861-Apr. 1, 1864 (1 1/2 in.), concerning bonds 
 issued and interest paid on Treasury notes and call loan certificates. 
 
126 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Records Relating to Florida 
 
 Record Group 365 . —Weekly reports of 4-percent bond certificates 
 issued under the loan of Feb. 17, 1864, by William R. Pettes, depositary at 
 Tallahassee, Mar.-Apr. and June 1864 (vol. 11), show the date, number 
 and amount of certificate issued and the name of the subscriber. A report 
 of certificates issued by Isaac R. Harris, depositary at Quincy, Mar. -Apr. 
 1864 (vol. 11), contains similar information. Certificates for stocks and 
 bonds issued by depositaries in Florida, Apr. 1861-Feb. 1865 (10 in.), 
 were issued under the provisions of various loan acts but mostly under the 
 act of Feb. 17, 1864. The certificates give the name of the purchaser, the 
 location of the depositary’s office, the amount paid, and the name of the 
 assignee (usually the tax collector). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Records of Alonzo B. Noyes, collector of 
 customs at St. Marks, 1859-65 (250 items), in the P. K. Yonge Library of 
 Florida History at the University of Florida include accounts, reports, re¬ 
 turns, vouchers, payrolls, and some correspondence as collector and 
 superintendent of lights, and accounts as disbursing agent of the Treasury 
 Department. Other papers of Noyes, 1859-61 (78 items), in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library include 
 letters received and other documents relating to his activities as collector 
 and superintendent of lights. 
 
 Records Relating to Georgia 
 
 Record Group 109. --Records of the depositary at Macon consist of a 
 record of cash on hand. Mar. 21, 1863-Mar. 25, 1864 (ch. X, vol. 182), 
 and an order book of the $500 million loan, July-Sept. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 
 155), showing payments made on 6-percent bonds issued under the act of 
 Feb. 17, 1864. An account book of William B. Johnston, loan commission¬ 
 er at Macon, Oct. 1862-Apr. 1863 (ch. X, vol. 184), shows the names of 
 bond purchasers, bond numbers, and amounts of bonds sold. Letters re¬ 
 ceived by John Boston, the depositary at Savannah, Dec. 30, 1862-Mar. 16, 
 1864 (ch. X, vol. 183), are chiefly from the Treasurer and the Register. 
 Copies of certificates of ship registries for the port of Savannah, June 11, 
 1861-June 6, 1864 (ch. X, vol. 187), contain a variety of information re¬ 
 garding the ships. An account of bonds taken in the district of Savannah on 
 merchandise warehoused, Nov. 1860-Nov. 1862 (ch. X, vol. 188), shows 
 the names of the principal and the surety. 
 
 Record Group 365 .--This record group contains lists of certificates 
 for 4-percent bonds issued by Henry Hull, depositary at Athens, under the 
 loan of Feb. 17, 1864, for Feb.-July 1864 (1 in.); an account of Jesse 
 Thomas, depositary at Atlanta, June-July 1863; lists of 4-percent bonds 
 issued by and interest paid on Treasury notes by Thomas S. Metcalf, de¬ 
 positary at Augusta, June 30, 1863-Dec. 31, 1864 (vol. 13), including a 
 schedule by John Boston, depositary at Savannah, of interest payments on 
 the loan of Feb. 29, 1861, for the half year ending June 30, 1863; receipts 
 for payments by Metcalf of interest on 7/30 Treasury notes issued under 
 the act of Apr. 17, 1862, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1864 (4 in.); weekly reports of 
 stock certificates issued by William H. Young, depositary at Columbus, 
 
 Feb. 19-July 5, 1864, and by David R. Adams, depositary at Eatonton, 
 
 Mar. 18-Apr. 1, 1864 (vol. 18); a stub book for coupon bonds issued by the 
 La Grange depositary under the loan of Aug. 19, 1861, Mar. 6, 1862-Jan. 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 127 
 
 22, 1863 (vol. 17); and lists of certificates issued by depositaries at La 
 Grange, Milledgeville, Thomasville, and Savannah, Mar.-July 1864 (1 in.). 
 Records of John Boston, depositary and collector of customs at Savannah, 
 and of his successor, James R. Sneed, include miscellaneous records, 
 
 Apr. 1861-Feb. 1865 (5 1/2 in.), concerning payments of interest on loans, 
 bond sales, bond certificates and receipts redeemed, payments made, and 
 receipts of funds, and comprise statements, lists, vouchers, receipts, 
 accounts current, drafts, and correspondence; and a ledger of loan trans¬ 
 actions, Feb. 1, 1862-Feb. 23, 1864 (vol. 15). 
 
 Other records relating to various places in Georgia include receipts 
 of the Confederate Treasurer for the delivery by depositaries of coupon 
 bonds under the loans of Feb. 28 and Aug. 19, 1861, 1861-62 (1 in.); re¬ 
 ceipts for the payment of interest on Treasury notes issued by the depos¬ 
 itaries at Savannah and Augusta and the loan commissioners for the State 
 of Georgia, July 1861-July 1864 (11 in.); lists of subscriptions to the pro¬ 
 duce loan, 1861-62 (1/4 in.); and certificates for stocks and bonds issued 
 by depositaries. Sept. 1862-Aug. 1864 (4 ft.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Emory University Library has a receipt 
 book of the depositary at Savannah, Mar. 28, 1864-Mar. 13, 1865, contain¬ 
 ing stubs of receipts issued to persons making deposits; stubs for certifi¬ 
 cates of deposit issued by the same depositary for Treasury notes received 
 under the act of Nov. 28, 1864, for Feb. 2-Apr. 14, 1865; and a receipt 
 book of Charles S. Harden, the deputy collector of customs at Savannah, 
 Apr. 13-Oct. 24, 1864. An extensive collection of records of the collector 
 of customs at Savannah, 1754-1920, in Duke University Library includes 
 some material of the war period. Cargo manifests of the same official are 
 in the collections of the Georgia Historical Society. Letters and telegrams 
 received by John Boston, the collector of customs at Savannah, Jan. 24, 
 1861-Mar. 17, 1864 (6 in.), are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of 
 Congress. 
 
 Records Relating to Louisiana 
 
 Record Group 36 . - -On Feb. 1, 1861, the former U.S. collector of cus¬ 
 toms at New Orleans came under the control of the State of Louisiana, and 
 at the beginning of March he began working for the Confederacy. A large 
 collection of records of the collector of customs at New Orleans includes 
 some materials relating to the Confederacy. Among them are press copies 
 of letters sent. May 22-June 24, 1861 (p. 473-479 of a volume for 1859-61), 
 to customs officers at New Orleans and to the Secretary of the Treasury. 
 Records relating to cargoes and vessels include foreign and coastwise out¬ 
 ward cargo manifests. Mar. -Sept. 1861 (2 ft.); foreign and coastwise in¬ 
 ward cargo manifests. Mar. -July and Sept, and Nov. 1861 (1 ft.); an invoice 
 register, Feb. 1-June 29, 1861 (1 vol.); a measurer’s journal relating to 
 cargoes imported. Mar. 1-Aug. 16, 1861 (parts of volumes for 1859-79 and 
 1854-80); an alphabetical register of arrivals of foreign and American ves¬ 
 sels, Mar. 1861-Mar. 1862 (part of a volume for 1859-62); and a register 
 of the tonnage of coastwise and foreign vessels cleared. Mar. 1, 1861-Apr. 
 23, 1862 (part of a volume for 1856-62). Passenger lists of vessels arriv¬ 
 ing at New Orleans, Feb. 23-May 31, 1861 (2 in., part of a file for 1820- 
 1913; available on microfilm as M 259), cover only part of the Confederate 
 period. 
 
 Record Group 41. - -Marine documentation kept by the collector of 
 
128 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 customs at New Orleans and now in the records of the Bureau of Marine 
 Inspection and Navigation includes duplicate certificates of enrollment of 
 vessels, Apr. 3, 1861-Apr. 22, 1862 (1 vol.); bonds for enrolled vessels, 
 Apr. 3, 1861-Apr. 22, 1862 (2 vols.); duplicate certificates of registry of 
 vessels, Apr. 26, 1861-Apr. 15, 1862 (1 vol.); bonds for registered vessels, 
 Apr. 26, 1861-Apr. 19, 1862 (1 vol.); bonds for licensed vessels, Apr. 4, 
 1861-Apr. 29, 1862 (1 vol.); bonds for licensed vessels, Apr. 1, 1861-Apr. 
 23, 1862 (1 vol.); bills of sale of enrolled vessels, Apr. 18-June 14, 1861 
 (two documents in a volume for 1858-61); bills of sale of enrolled vessels, 
 Jan.-Apr. 1862 (1/2 in.); bills of sale of licensed vessels, Apr. 13, 1861- 
 Apr. 17, 1862 (part of a volume for 1857-62); and bills of sale of all types 
 of vessels, Feb. 25, 1861-Apr. 19, 1862 (part of a volume for 1860-62 and 
 three documents, June-Sept. 1861, in a bundle for 1857-61). 
 
 Survey of Federal Archives, rollments of New Orleans, Louisi - 
 Louisiana, Ship Registers and En- ana (Baton Rouge, 1941-42. 6 vols.). 
 
 Record Group 109 .—Financial returns, May 1861-Nov. 1864 (4 in.), 
 
 of Anthony J. Guirot, Assistant Treasurer at New Orleans, Jackson, Mobile, 
 Selma, and Meridian, consist of returns of receipts and disbursements and 
 returns of balances to the credit of disbursing officers. An account book. 
 Sept. 1854-June 1861 (ch. X, vol. 187 1/2), of R. W. Adams, surveyor of 
 the port of New Orleans, shows amounts of moneys received and disbursed, 
 with copies of a few letters sent by Adams, July-Nov. 1861. 
 
 Record Group 365 . —Records of Assistant Treasurer Anthony J. Guirot 
 include copies of letters sent. Mar. 2, 1861-May 1, 1865 (with earlier corre¬ 
 spondence of Guirot and his predecessor dating back to 1853); press copies 
 of letters sent, Apr. 4, 1861-Sept. 12, 1862 (1 vol.), with his earlier out¬ 
 going letters as U. S. Assistant Treasurer and the depositary of the State 
 of Louisiana, Jan. 31-Mar. 30, 1861; press copies of letters sent and state¬ 
 ments relating to the mint at New Orleans, Apr. 4-Oct. 29, 1861 (1 vol.); 
 letters received from disbursing officers and paymasters, Apr. 4, 1861- 
 Apr. 18, 1862 (part of a volume for 1858-62); stub books of certificates of 
 deposit, Apr. 9, 1864-May 8, 1865 (1 vol.); a journal of accounts of Confed¬ 
 erate disbursing officers. Mar. 28, 1861-Nov. 22, 1862 (1 vol.); duplicate 
 receipts for the payment of public revenue warrants, Apr. 1, 1861-May 2, 
 1865 (vol. 61B); a journal of Post Office Department accounts, July 27, 
 
 1861- May 10, 1865 (1 vol.); a record of payments of Post Office Department 
 warrants, Aug. 29, 1861-Feb. 17, 1865, and in the same volume a record 
 
 of the payment of public revenue drafts. Mar. 16, 1861-June 8, 1863 (1 vol.); 
 duplicate receipts for the payment of Post Office Department warrants. 
 
 Sept. 6, 1861-Apr. 22, 1865 (vol. 61A); a schedule of Treasury notes re¬ 
 ceived and issued, Apr. 12, 1861-Dec. 29, 1862 (part of a volume also for 
 the period Feb. 6-July 1, 1858); a journal of accounts for interest payments 
 on Treasury notes and call certificates, Feb. 26, 1862-Mar. 31, 1865 
 (vol. 9); duplicate receipts for the payment of 6-percent call certificates, 
 Feb. 15, 1862-June 30, 1863 (1 vol.); and a journal of interest payments on 
 loans, June 30, 1861-Dec. 31, 1864 (vol. 83). 
 
 Records relating to cotton transactions include bills of sale, Dec. 1862- 
 Sept. 1864 (8 in.); agents’ reports of cotton purchased, Sept. 1862-Jan. 
 
 1864 (10 vols., numbered 23); other reports of cotton purchases, Nov. 11, 
 
 1862- Mar. 10, 1865 (2 in.); abstracts of cotton purchases and disposals, 
 
 Jan. 12, 1862-Dec. 30, 1863 (3 vols., numbered 24); and letters received. 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 129 
 
 Dec. 1, 1862-May 19, 1865 (1/2 in.), by Ulger Lauve and James T. Belknap, 
 cotton agents at Shreveport, and by James T. Belknap, general agent of the 
 Produce Loan at Shreveport, chiefly from Andrew W. McKee, P. W. Gray, 
 M. M. Rhorer (subagent at Alexandria, La.), W. A. Broadwell, and W. C. 
 Black. 
 
 Small quantities of bond and stock certificates and receipts include 
 certificates for 4-percent registered bonds issued. Mar. 24-Oct. 21, 1864, 
 by Francis H. Hatch, depositary at Tangipahoa; receipts for coupon bonds 
 issued to subscribers to the Confederate loan in New Orleans, Aug. 1861- 
 Mar. 1862; and statements of interest paid on Treasury notes and bonds by 
 H. J. G. Battle, depositary at Shreveport, 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Records relating to Louisiana in the Con¬ 
 federate records collection in the Manuscript Division of the Library of 
 Congress include letters and telegrams received by Assistant Treasurer 
 A. J. Guirot, Apr. 21, 1861-Mar. 6, 1862 (4 in., mostly for 1862, with 
 some earlier letters beginning Nov. 29, 1860); press copies of letters and 
 telegrams, Feb. 2, 1861-Apr. 22, 1862 (3 vols.), sent by Francis H. Hatch, 
 collector of customs at New Orleans; and letters and telegrams received 
 by the collector of customs at New Orle'ans, Feb. 21-Dec. 31, 1861 (6 in.). 
 
 Records Relating to Mississippi 
 
 Record Group 109 . --Schedule of certificates for 4-percent registered 
 bonds received by the depositary at Columbus, Mar. -Nov. 1864 (ch. X, 
 vol. 151 1/2). 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -List of bond certificates issued by T. W. Willi¬ 
 ams, depositary at Aberdeen, for Treasury notes under the act of Feb. 17, 
 1864, Mar. 17-31, 1864. Records of the general agent of the Produce Loan 
 (James D. B. De Bow and J. W. Clapp) accumulated at Jackson and 
 Columbus include correspondence and other papers, Aug. 1862-Feb. 1865 
 (7 in.); an undated list of cotton subscriptions (vols. 25-26); a list of sub¬ 
 scriptions to the produce loan, n.d. (vol. 26); a record of cotton and cash 
 transactions, July 1862-Feb. 1865 (vol. 26); cotton bills of sale. Sept. 1862- 
 Dec. 1863 (8 in.); agents’ expense receipts, Aug. 1862-June 1864 (1/4 in.); 
 an account book, Oct. 1862-July 1864 (vol. 25), of Charles Baskerville, 
 district agent, containing his accounts with subagents and with the Ordnance 
 Department for cotton purchases; cotton inspection reports. Sept. 1862-Mar. 
 1865 (2 in.); and abstracts of cotton purchases and disposals, Oct. 1862- 
 Mar. 1865 (vol. 25). 
 
 Other records include miscellaneous reports and receipts, Jan. 1861- 
 Jan. 1865 (1 in.); certificates for stocks and bonds issued by depositaries 
 under the loans of Feb. 20, 1863, and Feb. 17, 1864, Apr. 1863-Nov. 1864 
 (4 in.); and a stub book of stock certificates issued by Assistant Treasurer 
 A. J. Guirot, Apr. -July 1863, while he was in Jackson; lists of interest 
 payments on Confederate loans made by A. J. Guirot, June 1863-May 1865 
 (vol. 30A); receipts for the payment of the tax in kind. Mar. 1864-Mar. 
 
 1865 (2 in.); and Yazoo River claim papers, Feb. 1863-Apr. 1864 (1/2 in.), 
 relating to cotton, boats, timber, and other materials taken by the mili¬ 
 tary forces for use in the defense of the Yazoo River and for services 
 rendered. 
 
130 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Records Relating to North Carolina 
 
 Record Group 36. --An account of marine hospital money collected at 
 Edenton from the masters and owners of vessels, Jan. 7-June 10, 1861 
 (part of a volume for 1858-80). 
 
 Record Group 41 . - -Bonds for registered vessels, Jan. 21 and Apr. 22, 
 1861 (two documents in a volume for 1849-68). 
 
 Record Group 104. - -Records of the Charlotte mint among the records 
 of the Bureau of the Mint in the National Archives include several volumes 
 containing information relating to the activities of the mint during 1861-62. 
 G. W. Caldwell, the former superintendent of the U.S. branch mint, con¬ 
 tinued as superintendent until Oct. 1861 and thereafter as caretaker of the 
 mint until the spring of 1862. The records include a ledger of ordinary 
 accounts, Apr. 1, 1861-Mar. 31, 1862 (part of a volume for 1837-92); a reg¬ 
 ister of gold bullion deposits, Apr. -May 1861 (part of a volume for 1857- 
 61); a journal of transfers of bullion and coins, Apr. -Oct. 1861 (p. 235-241 
 in a volume for 1852-61); a daybook of disbursements, Apr., May, and 
 Sept. 1861 (part of a volume for 1848-61); and a gold bullion weigh book, 
 
 May 1-28, 1861 (part of a volume for 1846-61). 
 
 Record Group 365. --Other records relate to the activities of deposi¬ 
 taries. Miscellaneous records, June 1861-Jan. 1865 (2 in.), consist of 
 letters, reports, and accounts submitted by depositaries to Treasury De¬ 
 partment officials in Richmond; Treasurer’s warrants, surety bonds, 
 vouchers, estimates of expenses, statements of Treasury notes funded and 
 coupons paid, and certificates of the adjustment of accounts; and schedules 
 of certificates canceled and forwarded to the Treasury Department on ac¬ 
 count of tax collectors. Miscellaneous lists, July 1861-Mar. 1865 (1 1/3 
 in.), include lists of interest paid on Treasury notes, schedules of hypoth¬ 
 ecated bonds, depositaries’ accounts, receipts for the delivery of bonds, 
 and salary lists for war tax assessors. Reports of stock and bond certifi¬ 
 cates issued by depositaries, Nov. 1863-Feb. 1865 (vols. 33 and 34), relate to 
 various Confederate loans but mostly to the loan of Feb. 17, 1864. Vol¬ 
 ume 34 of these reports also contains a record of interest payments made 
 at vVilmington on the loan of Feb. 20, 1863, and a list of wages due war tax 
 assessors. Other records include bond certificates issued by depositaries 
 under various Confederate loans, 1863-64 (2 ft.), mostly for the loan of 
 Feb. 17, 1864, and receipts for the payment of interest on Treasury notes, 
 1863-64 (4 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The papers of Joseph Ramsey in the 
 Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina Library 
 include materials of 1861-62 relating to his activities as collector of cus¬ 
 toms and superintendent of lights at Plymouth, N.C. 
 
 Records Relating to South Carolina 
 
 Record Group 26 . --With the records of the U.S. Coast Guard is a log¬ 
 book of the revenue cutter William Aiken, Jan. 1, 1859-Apr. 21, 1861. 
 
 This record shows that the cutter was seized by the State of South Caro¬ 
 lina on Dec. 27, 1860, and continued in service as a State cutter. Begin¬ 
 ning on Jan. 28, 1861, the logbook entries refer to the vessel as a "Coast 
 Police Cutter, " and from Mar. 4 the entries are headed "Journal of the 
 C.S. A. Cutter W^ Aiken, " Capt. Napoleon L. Coste commanding. The 
 logbook gives information about shipping in the channel leading to the port 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 131 
 
 of Charleston and the attack on Fort Sumter on Apr. 12-13, in addition to the 
 activities of the vessel and its officers and crew. 
 
 Record Group 36. - -Records of William F. Colcock, the collector of 
 customs at Charleston, form part of the collection of records of the U.S. 
 collector for that port. Colcock began functioning as the Confederate col¬ 
 lector toward the end of Feb. 1861. Letters received, Feb. 15-May 6, 1861 
 (part of a volume for Dec. 1860-May 1861; 1 in.), are a remnant. Financial 
 records include a journal, Feb. 1861-Dec. 1864 (1 vol.); a ledger, Feb. 
 1861-Dec. 1864 (1 vol.); a cashbook, Feb. 22-Nov. 28, 1861 (p. 198 of a vol¬ 
 ume for 1859-61); fee books relating to payments received from vessels, 
 June 11, 1862-Dec. 31, 1864 (parts of volumes for 1862-71 and 1863-73); a 
 record of receipts and expenditures, July 1, 1862-Mar. 2, 1863 (part of a 
 volume for 1856-69); and a statement of Treasury notes received for the 
 payment of duties. May 25-Oct. 12, 1861 (part of a volume for 1858-61). 
 Records relating to cargoes include inward cargo manifests, July 1862- 
 Feb. 1863 (1 vol.); monthly statements of the value of imports and exports. 
 Mar. 1861-Sept. 1863 (1 vol.); a register of merchandise entering, Aug. 10- 
 Nov. 5, 1861 (a page in a volume for 1855-67); a record of imports for for¬ 
 eign merchandise in foreign vessels. Mar. 1861-June 1863 (part of a volume 
 for 1858-63); a record of goods ordered to customhouse stores for appraise¬ 
 ment, Feb. 1861-Dec. 1864 (part of a volume for 1854-64); a record of 
 appraisements of goods imported, Apr. 30, 1863-Aug. 5, 1863 (part of a 
 volume for 1854-66); returns of railroad iron imported, Feb.-Apr. 1861 
 (part of a volume for 1855-71); a measurer’s record of cargo weights (Feb. 
 22, 1861-Aug. 15, 1862 (part of a volume for 1848-67); sunimary statements 
 of the value of imports and exports. Mar. 1861-Aug. 1863 (part of a volume 
 for 1857-67); a surveyor’s and guager’s record of cargoes of liquids im¬ 
 ported, Feb. 26, 1861-Nov. 21, 1862 (part of a volume for 1859-71); aware- 
 house book relating to quantities of merchandise entered for warehousing 
 and withdrawn, Feb. -May 1861 (part of a volume for 1856-61); and a 
 weigher’s record of cargoes imported, Mar. 5, 1861-Aug. 29, 1862 (p. 259- 
 274 of a volume for 1853-66). Records relating to import duties include an 
 impost book, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1862 (part of a volume for 1860-62); a regis¬ 
 ter of ascertained and unascertained duties, Feb. 22-June 29, 1861 (part 
 of a volume for 1859-61); a record of imports entered and duties collected 
 under the act of Mar. 31, 1863, Sept. 7, 1863-Dec. 19, 1863 (1 vol.); and 
 abstracts of duties on goods imported in foreign vessels and Confederate 
 vessels, Apr. 1861-Oct. 1864 (1 vol.). Records relating to vessels include 
 an abstract of Confederate vessels cleared for foreign countries, Aug. 
 1861-June 1862 (parts of volumes for 1854-79 and 1854-81); an abstract of 
 coastwise vessels cleared, Feb. -Oct. 1861 (parts of volumes for 1856-65 
 and 1854-70); an abstract of foreign vessels cleared for foreign countries, 
 Feb. 22, 1861-June 6, 1863 (part of a volume for 1854-64), and Feb. 22, 
 1861-Mar. 31, 1862 (part of a volume for 1854-81); an abstract of foreign 
 vessels entered from foreign countries, Feb. 22, 1861-Mar. 31, 1862 (part 
 of a volume for 1854-82); an abstract of duties collected on the tonnage of 
 vessels, Feb. 1861-July 1863 (part of a volume for Dec. 1860-July 1863); 
 and an abstract of coastwise vessels entered, Feb. 22-Dec. 31, 1861 (part 
 of a volume for 1854-70). 
 
 Record Group 41 . --Marine documentation kept by the collector of cus¬ 
 tom s"arTKarTesTorrand now preserved among the records of the Bureau of 
 Marine Inspection and Navigation include duplicate licenses of vessels, 
 
 May 24-July 27, 1861 (part of a volume for 1853-61); bonds for licensed 
 
132 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
 
 vessels, Feb. 26, 1861-July 26, 1864 (part of a volume for 1860-66); oaths 
 and bonds of owners of registered vessels. May 15, 1861-Dec. 16, 1864 
 (part of a volume for 1860-64); bills of sale for enrolled vessels. May 28, 
 
 1861- Jan. 14, 1862 (p. 274-337 of a volume for 1858-62); bills of sale for 
 registered vessels. May 21, 1861-Mar. 28, 1862 (p. 95-133 of a volume for 
 1859-62); bills of sale for vessels sold by the deputy marshal of the Confed¬ 
 erate district court, Aug. 23-Dec. 20, 1861 (part of a volume for 1852-61); 
 vessel mortgages, Apr. 25-Oct. 23, 1861 (p. 248-258 of a volume for 1850- 
 68); shipbuilders' certificates for vessels, Oct. 2 and Nov. 6, 1861 (two docu¬ 
 ments in a volume for 1844-69); affidavits of masters relating to the loss 
 
 of marine documents. May 17, June 29, July 17, and Aug. 24, 1861 (four 
 documents in a volume for 1856-69). 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -Records relating to the activities of Assistant 
 Treasurers Benjamin C. Pressley and W. Y. Leitch include a record of 
 interest payments on Confederate loans, June 30, 1861-Feb. 28, 1865 (vols. 
 39 and 40); receipts for the payment of interest on Treasury notes, Jan. 
 
 1862- Jan. 1865 (2 ft.); receipts for the payment of the expenses of the 
 Treasury Note Bureau in Columbia, S.C., Nov. 1863-July 1864 (1 in.), 
 with a payroll of employees of the Bureau, Apr. 30, 1864; and a list of 
 bond certificates issued by W. Y. Leitch to depositaries throughout the 
 State, Jan. 5-31, 1865 (1/2 in.). 
 
 Records of the collector of customs at Charleston include copies of 
 enrollment bonds for licensed vessels, June 11, 1861-May 13, 1863 (vol. 38); 
 inward and outward cargo manifests with related correspondence, 1861-64 
 (part of a file for 1858-64); copies of cotton export bonds, Nov. 20, 1861- 
 Nov. 25, 1864 (2 vols., numbered 42); and a register of export duty on 
 cotton, Nov. 20, 1861-Feb. 7, 1865 (1 vol.). 
 
 Other records include stub books of certificates for 4-percent regis¬ 
 tered bonds issued by H. L. Charles, depositary at Darlington, under the 
 loan of Feb. 17, 1864, Mar. 30, 1864-Jan. 19, 1865 (2 vols.); miscellaneous 
 records relating to cotton purchased on behalf of the Navy Department, 
 1862-63 (1 in.); depositaries’ reports of stock and bond certificates issued 
 under Confederate loans, July 1862-Feb. 1865 (1 ft.); certificates for bonds 
 issued by depositaries, Feb. -Dec. 1864 (2 ft.); and receipts for the deliv¬ 
 ery of coupon bonds under 1861 loans, July 1861-Mar. 1863 (3/4 in.). 
 
 Record Group 366 . —Among the records of the Civil War Special 
 Agencies of the Treasury Department (Eighth Special Agency) is a record 
 of cotton shipped from Charleston, 1861-65 (1 vol.), which was copied from 
 a record of the Confederate collector of customs at that port. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A receipt book of William R. Godfrey, 
 depositary at Cheraw, July 8, 1864-Feb. 9, 1865, in the South Caroliniana 
 Library of the University of South Carolina, shows the purposes for which 
 funds were expended. 
 
 Records Relating to Tennessee 
 
 Record Group 45. - -Letters received by James G. M. Ramsey, depos¬ 
 itary at Knoxville, Apr. 1, 1863-Aug. 10, 1864 (1 vol.), in the Naval Records 
 Collection include letters from Treasury Department officials and others. 
 
 Record Group 365. - -Small quantities of records relating to the activ¬ 
 ities of depositaries include receipts for the payment of interest on Treas¬ 
 ury notes and for the delivery of coupon bonds, 1861-64; certificates for 
 registered bonds issued under the act of Feb. 17, 1864, Mar. -Apr. 1864; 
 
FIELD OFFICES 
 
 133 
 
 and accounts current of Jesse Thomas, depositary at Nashville and Chat¬ 
 tanooga, Jan.-Aug. 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Papers of James G. M. Ramsey in the 
 University of Tennessee Library include materials on services performed 
 for the Treasury Department. 
 
 Records Relating to Texas 
 
 Record Group 36 . --A register of imports at Laredo, Tex., 1861-65 
 (part of an "Impost Book" for 1851-69), contains a chronological record 
 showing the names of importers, kinds of merchandise, quantities, in¬ 
 voice cost, invoice charges, duty rates, dutiable value, and amount of 
 duty. The port of Laredo was under a deputy collector who was subordi¬ 
 nate to Francis W. Latham, the collector in charge of the district of 
 Brazos Santiago; Latham’s office was in the customhouse at Point Isabel. 
 
 Record Group 41. - -Duplicate certificates of registry of vessels, July 
 11, 1861-May 15, 1865 (1 vol.), kept by the collector of customs at Galveston 
 are in the records of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. 
 
 Record Group 109 . —An account book of Benjamin F. McDonough, col¬ 
 lector of customs at Sabine, Aug. 1861-Dec. 1864 (ch. X, vol. 268), shows 
 the amounts and sources of receipts and the amounts and purposes of ex¬ 
 penditures . 
 
 Record Group 365 . --Abstracts of disbursements of George W. Palmer, 
 depositary at San Antonio, relating to the payment of interest on Treasury 
 notes and receipts for the payments, Apr. 1862-Sept. 1863 (1 in.); esti¬ 
 mates of the tax in kind on the corn crop of Fort Bend County, Feb. 1864- 
 Feb. 1865 (1/4 in.); and oaths of allegiance of officers and men of the 15th 
 Texas Infantry, Jan.-Mar. 1862 (1/4 in.). 
 
 Records Relating to Virginia 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -Lists of 4-percent bond certificates issued by the 
 Rockingham Bank, depositary at Harrisonburg, under the loan of Feb. 17, 
 1864, Mar. 7-Sept. 1, 1864 (vol. 56); a list of 4-percent bond certificates 
 issued by William M. Blackford, depositary at Lynchburg, under the loan 
 of Feb. 17, 1864, Feb. 24-Mar. 31, 1864 (vol. 55); abstracts of certificates 
 issued by Daniel Dodson, depositary at Petersburg, under the acts of Feb. 
 20, Mar. 3, and Apr. 30, 1863, n.d. (vol. 55); a record of semiannual 
 interest payments on loans of Aug. 19, 1861, and Feb. 20 and Mar. 23, 
 
 1863, made by E. C. Elmore, depositary at Richmond, June 1863-Apr. 1865 
 (vols. 76-78, 80-82, and 84-86); a record of interest payments on loans of 
 Dec. 24, 1861, and Mar. 23, 1863, made by E. C. Elmore (1/4 in.); re¬ 
 ceipts of Alexander F. Kinney, depositary at Staunton, for the delivery of 
 bonds and the transportation of currency and bonds, Feb. 1862-Dec. 1864 
 (1/4 in.); receipts of subscribers for the delivery of coupon bonds issued 
 under various loans, June 1861-Oct. 1864 (1 ft.); lists of Treasury notes 
 funded under the loan of Feb. 17, 1864, Feb.-Sept. 1864 (1 1/3 in.); depos- 
 taries’ certificates for stocks and bonds issued under various Confederate 
 loans (mainly the loan of Feb. 17, 1864), June 1862-Sept. 1864 (3 ft. 9 in.); 
 stub books for stock and bond certificates issued under the loans of Feb. 
 
 20, 1863, and Feb. 17, 1864, Feb. 23, 1864-Feb. 25, 1865 (7 vols.); and 
 miscellaneous records, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865 (1 1/3 in.). 
 
VII. WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 An act of Feb. 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 32), established 
 the War Department under a Secretary of War who was to have charge of 
 all matters connected with the Army and with the Indian tribes in the Con¬ 
 federacy. An act of Feb. 26, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 38), for the 
 establishment and organization of a general staff authorized an Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Department, a Quartermaster General’s Department, 
 a Commissary General’s Department, and a Medical Department, Other 
 subdivisions added to the War Department as the conflict widened included 
 the Engineer Bureau (1861), the Bureau of Indian Affairs (1861), the Bureau 
 of Ordnance and Ordnance Department (1861), the Signal Bureau (1862), the 
 Army Intelligence Office (1862), the Bureau of Exchange (1862), the Bureau 
 of Conscription (1862), the Niter and Mining Bureau (1863), the Bureau of 
 Foreign Supplies (1863), and the Office of the Commissary General of Pris¬ 
 oners (1864). 
 
 A number of War Department agents were sent to Europe to procure 
 war supplies. In Apr. 1861 Caleb Huse went abroad to procure ordnance 
 and other supplies in Great Britain and on the Continent. He remained 
 abroad throughout the war and concluded arrangements for large quantities 
 of war supplies. Others became involved in the shipment of war supplies 
 to Confederate ports. The practice developed of transporting the supplies 
 in large steamers to Nassau, New Providence, St. George, Bermuda, and 
 Havana, Cuba, where they were transferred to smaller steamers for the 
 run through the Union blockade. Agents stationed at those places to attend 
 to shipping matters usually served also as purchasing agents, acquiring 
 goods that were brought in on private account for transshipment to the Con¬ 
 federacy. These agents were C. J. Helm at Havana, Louis Heyliger at 
 Nassau, and Norman Walker at St. George. Walker was assisted by John 
 T. Bourne, a local commission merchant who later became an official Con¬ 
 federate agent. 
 
 Successive Secretaries of War: 
 
 Leroy P. Walker, Feb. 21, 1861. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, Sept. 17, 1861. 
 
 George W. Randolph, Mar. 18, 1862. 
 
 Gustavus W. Smith, Nov. 18, 1862. 
 
 James A. Seddon, Nov. 21, 1862. 
 
 John C. Breckinridge, Feb. 6, 1865. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries of War: 
 
 Robert Quid, Jan. 1862. 
 
 Albert T. Bledsoe, Apr. 2, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Col. George Deas, Oct. 22, 1862. 
 
 134 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 135 
 
 John A. Campbell, Oct. 1862. 
 
 Reports submitted irregularly 
 by the Secretary of War were pub¬ 
 lished as pamphlets (Crandall, Con ¬ 
 federate Imprints, 1:230-231) but 
 are more readily available in Offi¬ 
 cial Records... Armies , ser. 4: 
 Apr. 27, 1861, vol. 1:247-254. Dec. 
 14, 1861, vol. 1:790-797. Feb. 1862, 
 vol. 1:955-964. Aug. 12, 1862, vol. 
 2:42-49. Jan. 3, 1863, vol. 2:279- 
 294. Nov. 26, 1863, vol. 2:990- 
 1018. Apr. 28, 1864, vol. 3:324- 
 344. Nov. 3, 1864, vol. 3:756-771. 
 See also Henry G. Connor, John 
 Archibald Campbell, Associate Jus ¬ 
 tice of the United States Supreme 
 Court, 1853-1861 (Boston, 1920); 
 
 Roy W. Curry, ’’James A. Seddon, 
 a Southern Prototype, ” Virginia 
 Magazine of History and Biography, 
 63:123-150 (Apr. 1955); William C. 
 
 Harris, Leroy Pope Walker, Confed ¬ 
 erate Secretary of War (Tuscaloosa, 
 Ala., 1962); Archer Jones, ’’Some 
 Aspects of George W. Randolph’s 
 Service as Confederate Secretary of 
 War, ” Journal of Southern History , 
 26:299-314 (Aug. 1960); John B. Jones, 
 ARebel War Clerk’s Diary at the 
 Confederate States Capital (2 vols.; 
 
 New York, 1935); Robert D. Meade, 
 Judah P. Benjamin; Confederate 
 Statesman (New York, 1943); Harry 
 
 E. Pratt, ’’Albert Taylor Bledsoe, 
 Critic of Lincoln, ” Illinois State His ¬ 
 torical Society Transactions , 1934: 
 153-183; Lucille Stillwell, John Cab ¬ 
 ell Breckinridge (Caldwell, Idaho, 
 1936); Edward Younger, ed., Inside the 
 Confederate Government; the Diary 
 
 of Robert Garlick Hill Kean (New 
 
 York, 1957). 
 
 Early in Mar. 1865 War Department clerks began boxing some of the 
 records in preparation for removing them from Richmond. On Apr. 2, the 
 day of the evacuation of the city, Robert G. H. Kean attended to the packing 
 of other records and placed them aboard the train on which President Davis 
 and members of the Cabinet left for Danville at 11 p.m. Kean traveled 
 by rail with the boxes of records as far as Greensboro, N. C., and from 
 there by wagon to Charlotte. Kean wrote in his diary that on Apr. 26 he 
 left the records at Charlotte in charge of C. T. Bruen, assistant secretary 
 of the Senate, who stored them in a warehouse. Adjutant General Samuel 
 Cooper wrote to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston from Charlotte on Apr. 27 stat¬ 
 ing that the President and the Secretary of War had impressed on him the 
 necessity for preserving the records for the history of the war and asked 
 his advice on their disposition (AIGO, Telegrams Sent). General Johnston 
 notified Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield on May 8 that the Confederate War 
 Department records were at Charlotte ready to be turned over to U. S. 
 authorities. Lt. C. P. Washburn took charge of the removal of the records 
 from Charlotte to Raleigh. On instructions from General Halleck, General 
 Schofield sent 81 boxes of records to New Bern whence they were shipped 
 on the steamer John Tracy to Washington, D.C. (letter, Schofield to Assist¬ 
 ant Secretary C. A. Dana, May 17, 1865, Archive Office, Letters Received, 
 N 4, with an inventory). 
 
 The records of the Secretary’s Office and of the Adjutant and Inspec¬ 
 tor General’s Department were found to be more completely preserved 
 than those of other War Department offices. Dr. Francis Lieber reported 
 in Jan. 1866 that several of the registers of letters of the Secretary’s Office 
 and its letters-sent books for the periods May 21-Sept. 12, 1862, and Jan. 
 21-Apr. 21, 1863, were missing. According to a note on its flyleaf, the 
 letter book for 1863 was later presented to the War Department by a Union 
 soldier. When he left Charlotte, N.C., for Virginia on Apr. 26, 1865, 
 
136 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Robert Kean carried with him a volume of reports submitted by the heads 
 of War Department bureaus to Secretary of War Breckinridge in Feb. 1865. 
 Soon afterward he copied the reports and delivered the originals to the 
 commanding officer at Charlottesville, Va. In 1873 he gave the copies to 
 the Southern Historical Society (letter, R. G. H. Kean to Jubal A. Early, 
 Nov. 15, 1873, Southern Historical Society Papers , 2:56-57, July 1876). 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR 
 
 The Secretary of War was concerned with the superintendence of the 
 War Department, the procurement of supplies, and the direction of Army 
 operations. His attention was given to nominating men for appointment as 
 Army officers, handling important correspondence of the Department, con¬ 
 sulting with the heads of bureaus. Members of Congress and the President, 
 and obtaining the cooperation of State Governors. On most of the affairs of 
 the Army he was guided by the President. 
 
 An act of Mar. 7, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 52), authorized for 
 the War Department a Chief of the Bureau of War and some additional clerks. 
 Albert T. Bledsoe and Robert G. H. Kean, successive Chiefs of the Bureau 
 of War, handled the Secretary's correspondence and Army officers' bonds 
 and supervised the clerical staff. One of the clerks was designated the 
 disbursing clerk, and the principal incumbents of that position were James 
 E. Peebles and Alfred Chapman. Beverly R. WelLford, Jr., examined 
 contracts and bonds and attended to other legal matters. 
 
 In Dec. 1861 ( by Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 222) the Secretary of War 
 was authorized to appoint an Assistant Secretary of War to administer the 
 conscription law, act on cases involving political prisoners, and superin¬ 
 tend the Secretary's correspondence, among other duties. The Secretary's 
 Office was involved throughout the war in issuing passports to persons 
 desiring to leave the Confederacy. Most of the passports were issued by 
 John B. Jones, a clerk, particularly during 1861-62. 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records of the Secretary's Office constitute 
 chapter IX in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. They 
 are described below by type; 
 
 Correspondence. Letters-sent books, Feb. 21, 1861-May 3, 1865 
 (ch. IX, vols. 1-4, 6-19, 3 ft; available on microfilm as M 522), contain 
 fair copies of letters and some telegrams sent; some of the volumes have 
 indexes. Additional letters for Feb. 9-Apr. 22, 1865, were copied into 
 these volumes after the war by the U.S. War Department. From Feb. 18, 
 1862, to Jan. 23, 1865, two series of letter books were maintained—one 
 for correspondents with surnames beginning with the letter "A-K” or "A-L" 
 and one for those with names beginning with ”L-Z” or "M-Z. ” The letters 
 concern the administration of the War Department and the Army, recruit¬ 
 ment, conscription, procurement, prisoners of war, and other matters. 
 
 The letter books include letters signed by the Assistant Secretary, by the 
 Chief of the Bureau of War, and by clerks. Besides the names of address¬ 
 ees, the indexes contain the names of persons referred to in the letters. 
 There is a separate index to appointment letters. There are no letters of 
 this type for the period May 22-Sept. 12, 1862. Letters to the President, 
 
 Nov. 20, 1861-Apr. 14, 1865 (ch. IX, vols. 39 and 40; available on micro¬ 
 film as M 523), include letters and reports on nominations, the operations 
 of the War Department, comments on proposed legislation, and estimates 
 of appropriations. Some of the letters on nominations are extracts of 
 
SECRETARY OF WAR 
 
 137 
 
 communications the full texts of which are in the ’’letters-sent books”; 
 others are accompanied by lists of the names of men nominated for appoint¬ 
 ment in the military services. Many are transmittal letters covering re¬ 
 ports and statements that are in the files of Congress. The reports of the 
 Secretary of War (cited above) are copied in these books. Letters to the 
 President presenting nominations for appointment and promotion in the 
 Army, Mar. 1, 1861-Mar. 17, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 147, ch. IX, vol. 99; avail¬ 
 able on microfilm as M 523), contain lists of names by rank. The confir¬ 
 mation dates are entered on the lists. An index is also on the microfilm. 
 
 A letters-sent book of the Chief of the Bureau of War, Nov. 27, 1861-Mar. 
 
 10, 1862 (ch. IX, vol. 5; available on microfilm as M 522), contains fair 
 copies of letters written by A. T. Bledsoe at the direction of the Secretary 
 of War to Army officers. Government officials. Congressmen, heads of 
 departmental bureaus. State Governors, railroad and business companies, 
 and individuals concerning appointments, assignments, exemptions, claims, 
 contracts, details of men, correction of bonds, and raising troops. These 
 letters are indexed. There are telegrams sent, Feb. 21, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 
 (ch. IX, vols. 33-35; available on microfilm as M 524), concerning subjects 
 similar to those in the letters-sent books. 
 
 The Secretary’s letters received, Feb. 1861-Apr. 1865 (42 ft.; avail¬ 
 able on microfilm as M 437), are from heads of War Department bureaus. 
 Army officers, heads of executive departments. Government officials. 
 Members of Congress, State Governors, State and local officials, commis¬ 
 sioners to examine prisoners, businesses, and individuals. The file also 
 includes letters to Assistant Secretary Campbell and to War Department 
 offices referred to the Secretary for reply. Among the letters are commu¬ 
 nications addressed to the President, including applications and recommen¬ 
 dations for military commissions, offers to organize military units, peti¬ 
 tions for the discharge of persons in the Army, and appeals for protection 
 against raids and reprisals by the U. S. Army. The communications from 
 commissioners appointed to examine political and other prisoners include 
 letters and reports on interrogated prisoners with supporting letters, affi¬ 
 davits, depositions, and petitions. For the period Feb. 1861-Feb. 1862 the 
 letters are filed by registration number. The letters for Feb. 1862-Apr. 
 
 1865 are filed alphabetically by name of writer and thereunder by date of 
 receipt. The file is not complete, for some letters were referred to other 
 offices of the War Department, others were removed for publication in the 
 Official Records . . . Armies and thereafter kept in a file of published docu¬ 
 ments, and others were put in the compiled military service records of 
 Confederate soldiers and in other compiled files such as the vessel papers 
 described in chapter XI of this Guide . Registers of letters received, Feb. 
 
 3, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. DC, vols. 20, 20 1/2, and 21-32), show the date of 
 receipt, name of writer, file number assigned, date and purport of letter, 
 and sometimes information on action taken. In volumes 20-22 for Feb. 1861- 
 Feb. 1862, the entries are arranged numerically by the numbers assigned 
 the letters on the date of receipt, and volumes 23-31 for Feb. 1861-Apr. 
 
 1865 are arranged alphabetically by writer’s name and thereunder numeri¬ 
 cally by the numbers assigned the letters on the date of receipt. The reg¬ 
 ister entries are indexed in 13 volumes. Index cards, prepared by the 
 Adjutant General’s Office in 1892 (available on microfilm as M 409), contain 
 the names of signers of letters, enclosures, and endorsements; the cards 
 also show the names of some persons mentioned in the letters. Registers 
 of letters referred, 1862-65 (ch. DC, vols. 91 1/2, 92-97, 246-248, and 
 
138 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 three index vols.), contain information regarding letters referred to other 
 offices for action. Three volumes of this series are missing. 
 
 Much less voluminous is a file of telegrams received, Feb. 1861-Apr. 
 1865 (4 ft.; available on microfilm as M 618). Besides those received by 
 the Secretary’s Office, these include others that were forwarded to the 
 Secretary of War. They are arranged in two numerical sequences: 1-4853 
 (Feb. 1861-June 1862) and 153-4210 (July 1862-Apr. 1865). After the war 
 some of the telegrams were removed and placed in other files—many in the 
 file of published documents used in the Official Records . . .Armies . 
 Registers of telegrams received, Feb. 22, 1861-Apr. 2, 1865 (ch. DC, vols. 
 36-38), are indexed in separate books. 
 
 Personnel Records . The correspondence files described above con¬ 
 tain much material relating to personnel of the War Department and the 
 Army; few records pertaining specifically to personnel were kept by the 
 Secretary’s Office. There are a register of applications for appointment 
 in the Army, Apr. 1-June 23, 1861 (ch. DC, vol. 89), with alphabetical 
 entries and a separate index, and a register of applications for appointment 
 and promotion, July 1, 1863-Mar. 30, 1865 (ch. DC, vol. 90), also with a 
 separate index. Both of these volumes contain notes dated 1900 to the effect 
 that the papers registered therein had been filed (when found) in a file of 
 "personal papers" (incorporated later into the compiled military service 
 records described in chapter XI of this Guide ). 
 
 Prisoner Records . A register of political prisoners arrested in the 
 Department of East Tennessee, 1861-62 (ch. DC, vol. 219 1/2), gives the 
 prisoner’s name, residence, date of arrest, by whom arrested, age, and 
 date sent to prison or discharged. It includes lists of prisoners sent to 
 Tuscaloosa and a list of those in the Knoxville prison on Mar. 15, 1862, and 
 those committed later. A register of Federal citizens, sutlers, teamsters, 
 and others taken prisoner, July 21, 1861-Sept 3, 1862 (ch. IX, vol. 219), 
 shows the prisoner’s name, occupation, place and date of capture, resi¬ 
 dence, disposition, and, when applicable, death. The register also includes 
 laborers, telegraph operators, boatmen, and deserters. 
 
 Other records relating to chapter on the Office of the Commis- 
 
 political and other civilian prisoners sary General of Prisoners and the 
 are described in the sections of this Department of Richmond. 
 
 Disbursing Records. Certain records supply information regarding 
 the disbursing activities of the War Department. War Department payrolls, 
 July 1862-Mar. 1865 (ch. IX, vols. 87 and 88), show disbursements made 
 by the disbursing clerk to employees of the Secretary’s Office and other 
 offices of the War Department. The payrolls give the name of employee, 
 his or her position, yearly salary, period served, amount paid, and signa¬ 
 ture. Other records of the disbursing clerk, July 1863-Mar. 1865 (5 in.), 
 contain receipts of individuals and firms for payment for services, office 
 supplies, advertising, utilities, equipment, and postage. With the fore¬ 
 going papers is a memorandum of agreement between the Confederate Gov¬ 
 ernment and the Virginia Mechanics’ Institute, June 1, 1861, for leasing its 
 building. 
 
 Requests for funds, 1861-65 (2 1/2 ft.), include those from the Ord¬ 
 nance, Commissary General’s, and Quartermaster Departments. They 
 show the amount requested, in whose favor the requisition was to be issued, 
 and the purpose for which it was to be used. Requests for funds. Mar. 1861- 
 
SECRETARY OF WAR 
 
 139 
 
 Mar. 1865 (ch. IX, vol. 98), are copies of letters from the Secretary of 
 War to the Secretary of the Treasury requesting the issue of warrants to 
 the disbursing clerk of the War Department for the payment of employees' 
 salaries and incidental expenses. Lists that accompany the letters show 
 name of person to be paid, period of service, and amount to be paid. Req¬ 
 uisitions on the Treasury Department for funds, Feb. 23, 1861-Jan. 6, 1865 
 (ch. DC, vols. 45-86, 5 ft. 2in.), are for quartermaster, subsistence, and 
 other officers for pay, transportation, recruiting, stores, clothing, tele¬ 
 grams, construction, forage, services, armament, and secret service. 
 Appropriation accounts, 1861-65 (ch. DC, vols. 40 1/2, 41-44, 9 in.), show 
 the amounts and purposes of expenditures, and the persons to whom paid. 
 Vol. 40 1/2 (Mar. 1, 1862-Mar. 23, 1865) gives daily balances. Volumes 
 41 and 43 (Mar. 5, 1861-Mar. 19, 1863, and June 1, 1863-Mar. 23, 1865) 
 show general appropriations for the Army, volume 42 (Apr. 2, 1861-Sept. 
 
 15, 1864) covers appropriations for the volunteer forces, and volume 44 
 (Apr. 4, 1861-Jan. 1, 1865) covers appropriations for War Department 
 bureaus. Volumes 41-43 are indexed. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Two volumes of records of the Confed¬ 
 erate Secretary of War are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of 
 Congress. A register of letters and telegrams received, Feb. 27, 1864- 
 Jan. 31, 1865 (1 vol.), contains a chronological record of abstracts of the 
 communications and a record of endorsements showing the action taken. 
 
 A letters-sent book, Feb. 21-Sept. 15, 1861 (1 vol.), was purchased by 
 the Library in 1929 and is probably the copy that Leroy P. Walker had made 
 before he left office (Jones, A Rebel War Clerk's Diary , 1:79). 
 
 Small collections of papers of those who served as Secretary of War 
 are in other repositories. A few pieces of correspondence of Leroy P. 
 Walker are in the Alabama Department of Archives and History and Duke 
 University Library. Correspondence of Judah P. Benjamin at the American 
 Jewish Archives includes a few wartime items. Letters of George W. 
 Randolph are in Duke University Library, in the Confederate Museum, and 
 with the Edgehill-Randolph papers in the University of Virginia Library. 
 James A. Seddon reported to John W. Jones on Mar. 27, 1876, that his 
 papers had been almost completely destroyed during his imprisonment after 
 the war ( Southern Historical Society Papers , 1:203). Some of his papers, 
 however, including correspondence with Jefferson Davis and Bradley T. 
 Johnson, are in Duke University Library. A few other papers of Seddon, 
 Jan. 1863-Dec. 1864, are in the Chicago Historical Society collections. A 
 fire in John C. Breckinridge's house in Lexington, Ky., after the war de¬ 
 stroyed certain papers and mementoes, but some Breckinridge papers in 
 the Chicago Historical Society include items for the war period. Other 
 Breckinridge papers in the Library of Congress are dated 1821-75, with a 
 gap for 1857-62. 
 
 Papers of other War Department officials are also available. The 
 John A. Campbell papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library include a letter to John C. Breckinridge, 
 Mar. 5, 1865, on the condition of the Confederacy and recommending its 
 surrender, his recollections of the evacuation of Richmond and meetings 
 with Lincoln and Seward, and letters to his family, May-Oct. 1865, written 
 while he was imprisoned. Papers of Campbell, Jan.-Apr. 1865, concern¬ 
 ing negotiations for peace are in the Illinois State Historical Library. 
 
 Other Campbell papers are in the Alabama Department of Archives and 
 History, the Confederate Museum collections, and Yale University Library. 
 
140 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 The University of Virginia Library contains papers of Albert T. Bledsoe, 
 and a few letters are in the Henry E. Huntin^on Library and Miami Uni¬ 
 versity, Oxford, Ohio. The diary and correspondence, 1861-65, of Robert 
 G. H. Kean are in the University of Virginia Library; Dr. Robert H. Kean 
 of Richmond, Va., has other correspondence. A diary of Maj. Edward C. 
 Anderson, May 26-Nov. 14, 1861, in the Southern Historical Collection at 
 the University of North Carolina Library concerns his activities as a pur¬ 
 chasing agent in England associated with Caleb Huse. Beverly R. Wellford’s 
 diary, Apr. 2-May 19, 1865 (on microfilm), in the same repository, relates 
 the escape of the Confederate Cabinet to Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE 
 
 The Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, established under an 
 act of Feb. 26, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 38), became the custodian 
 of records concerning officer and enlisted personnel of the Army. Such 
 records included orders for the assignment and transfer of officers, reports 
 of deaths with inventories of personal effects, applications for leave, cer¬ 
 tificates of disability signed by surgeons, resignations of officers, copies 
 of orders issued by army commands, muster rolls and payrolls, returns of 
 prisoners, and inspection reports. 
 
 AIGO Special Order 46 1/2 of Feb. 26, 1864, authorized a number of 
 subordinate offices. The Reception Office, under Capt. John W. Riely, 
 was charged with receiving, opening, endorsing, abstracting, and distrib¬ 
 uting correspondence and official papers, keeping the files and general re¬ 
 cords, and receiving visitors. The Office of Orders, under Lt. Col. John 
 Withers, recorded general and special orders and actions on applications 
 for leaves of absence, furloughs, transfers, details, discharges, and re¬ 
 turn of soldiers and the resignation and assignment of officers. The Ap¬ 
 pointment Office, under Lt. Col. Edward A. Palfrey, kept the register of 
 commissioned officers. The Office of Organization, to which Maj. Samuel 
 W. Melton was assigned initially, had charge of muster rolls, rosters, 
 returns, and reports and matters related to the military organizations of 
 the Army. The Judge Advocate's Office, under Maj. Charles H. Lee, 
 handled papers and applications relating to courts-martial and courts of 
 inquiry. Maj. William S. Barton succeeded Major Lee on Apr. 23, 1864. 
 
 The Adjutant General's Office, under Lt. Col. Hugh L. Clay, acted upon 
 matters that could not be handled by other offices and prepared general 
 orders. The Office of Inspection, to which Col. Robert H. Chilton was 
 assigned on Apr. 4, 1864, attended to inspection duties in the several armies 
 and staff departments and had charge of inspection reports. 
 
 An act of Oct. 13, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 89), authorized the 
 President to bestow medals upon officers for courage and good conduct on 
 the field of battle. He was also to confer a badge of distinction upon a pri¬ 
 vate or noncommissioned officer elected by each company participating in 
 victories. AIGO General Order 131 of Oct. 3, 1863, announced that the 
 names of those considered worthy of medals and badges were to be inscribed 
 in a roll of honor to be preserved in the Adjutant and Inspector General's 
 Office. Such a roll accompanied the order, and another was published with 
 General Order 64 of Aug. 10, 1864; others are in the Official Records . . . 
 Armies. No actual medals appear to have been issued, however. 
 
 The records of the Adjutant and Inspector General's Office were sur¬ 
 rendered to Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield at Charlotte, N.C., on May 13, 1865. 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 141 
 
 Successive heads of the office: 
 
 Maj. George Deas (acting), Mar. 7, 1861. 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel Cooper, Mar. 16, 1861. 
 
 Bauman L. Belden, War Med¬ 
 als of the Confederacy (New York, 
 1915); C.S. A. War Department, 
 Articles of War for the Government 
 of the Army of the Confederate 
 ^ates (Montgomery, 1861); Thomas 
 Parks, ’’The Confederate Roll of 
 
 Honor, ” Chronicles of Oklahoma , 
 34:234-238 (Summer 1956); William 
 M. Robinson, Jr., Justice in Grey; 
 a History of the Judicial System of 
 the Confederate States of America, 
 p. 359-382 (Cambridge, Mass., 
 
 1941). 
 
 Record Group 109. —The very extensive records of the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office became part of the War Department Collection 
 of Confederate Records. They are described below by type: 
 
 Correspondence. Fair copies of letters and telegrams sent. Mar. 2, 
 1861-A^r. 1, 1865 (ch. I, vols. 35-41, 43-44, 2 ft.; available on microfilm 
 as M 627), are addressed to Army officers, heads of War Department offi¬ 
 ces, the Secretary of War, Members of-Congress, State Governors, Gov¬ 
 ernment officials, private individuals, and industrial firms. The volumes 
 are indexed. There are other letters sent by the Recruiting Service, Feb. 
 
 18, 1862-Mar. 26, 1864 (ch. I, vol. 175), and letters sent by the Inspection 
 Office, May 23, 1864-Mar. 28, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 24). An indexed volume 
 of telegrams sent, Jan. 3-Apr. 28, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 23), mainly to general 
 officers, continues the record of correspondence just described. 
 
 Letters received, 1861-65 (34 ft.; available on microfilm as M 474), 
 include original letters received, some telegrams, and other documents 
 from Army officers. War Department officials. Members of Congress, 
 
 State Governors, Government officials, and individuals. Many letters in 
 this file were addressed to the Secretary of War, the President, heads of 
 War Department offices, and Gen. Braxton Bragg; they were referred to 
 the Adjutant and Inspector General for action. Some letters from Navy 
 officers relate to details of soldiers. Transmittal letters cover many dif¬ 
 ferent kinds of returns that were submitted to AIGO. The letters in this 
 file concern personnel matters, orders, military movements. Army ad¬ 
 ministration and organization, civilian personnel, and other matters. 
 
 Other documents in the file include accounts current and reports of the 
 Recruiting Service, oaths of office, officers' bonds, orders, medical cer¬ 
 tificates granting furloughs, soldiers'discharges, affidavits, requisitions 
 for forage, applications for leave, reports on staff officers, and medical 
 certificates. There are also many cross-reference cards for letters pub¬ 
 lished in the Official Records . . . Armies and in the compiled military 
 service records described in chapter XI of this Guide . Registers of letters 
 received. Mar. 26, 1861-Apr. 28, 1865 (ch. I, vols. 45-74, 6 ft.), are 
 arranged chronologically within 3-month periods, thereunder alphabetically 
 by name of writer, and thereunder numerically. There is an index to letters 
 of resignation, Oct. 1, 1861-June 14, 1862 (ch. I, vols. 162-164), for vols. 
 
 47 and 48 of the registers of letters received. Endorsement books. Mar. 
 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. I, vols. 29-34, 1 ft.), contain abstracts of letters re¬ 
 ceived and endorsements recorded thereon; name indexes accompany these 
 volumes. A card index to the letters received, 1861-65 (95 ft.; available 
 on microfilm as M 410; also for letters received by the Quartermaster General's 
 Office), was compiled by the Confederate Archives Division of the Adjutant 
 
142 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General's Office in 1893. It contains cards for the signers of letters, en¬ 
 closures, and endorsements for persons and organizations referred to 
 in the letters. Since it is a consolidated index it is more useful than the 
 registers and endorsement books, but the latter contain data about letters 
 that are missing from the letters-received file. 
 
 Telegrams received and drafts of telegrams sent, 1861-65 (9 in.), are 
 numerically arranged on message forms. There is an indexed record of 
 telegrams received, Jan. 1, 1862-Apr, 28, 1865, in this record group (ch. 
 
 I, vols. 21 and 22). 
 
 Other letters are recorded in a register of letters received by the 
 Recruiting Service, Jan. 1862-Apr. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 174); these are usually 
 reports from recruiting officers. 
 
 Inspection Reports. The Inspection Office, set up in 1864, became 
 the custodian of records relating to inspections. Besides the letters-sent 
 book, already described, it kept a register of letters received. May 1, 
 1864-Apr. 10, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 25). This book contains a record of inspec¬ 
 tion reports and abstracts of letters received. A file of inspection reports, 
 
 1863- 65 (5 ft.), concerns all types of military organizations and field in¬ 
 stallations and offices of the Confederate Army. The reports sometimes 
 include lists of officers, property returns, returns of small arms, morning 
 reports, reports of employees, rolls of extra-duty men, and printed rules 
 and regulations. A catalog of inspection reports (2 vols.) shows the name 
 of the inspecting officer, the unit or installation inspected, the file symbol 
 of the report, and its date. The reports are indexed (1 vol.). Other records 
 relating to inspections include extracts from inspection reports, Oct. 5, 
 
 1864- Mar. 28, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 26). The names of inspecting officers of 
 armies, corps, and divisions and those on general inspection duty, 1864, 
 are listed (ch. I, vol. 26 1/2). 
 
 Courts-Martial, Military Courts, and Courts of Inquiry. The Articles 
 of War adopted by the Confederate Congress on Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. 
 
 C. S. A. Stat. 51), provided for the use of courts-martial to try Army per¬ 
 sonnel charged with offenses against military law. Generals commanding 
 armies and officers commanding departments could appoint the members 
 of general courts-martial. Officers commanding a corps, regiment, fort, 
 garrison, or barracks composed of troops from different services could 
 appoint special courts-martial. The original proceedings of courts-martial 
 with testimony and documentary exhibits were sent to the Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General's Office for any necessary review and preservation. 
 
 Because courts-martial procedure proved to be inefficient, an act of 
 Oct. 9, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 71), authorized a military court for 
 each army corps in the field, with three members and a judge advocate 
 appointed by the President. Each court could appoint a provost marshal to 
 execute its orders and a clerk to record its proceedings and adopt rules. 
 
 The jurisdiction of these courts extended to offenses against the Articles of 
 War, the customs of war, and Confederate and State law. Appointments of 
 judges and judge advocates were announced by the War Department on Dec. 
 20, 1862 (AIGO General Order 109), and Feb. 13, 1863 (AIGO General Order 
 17). In 1864 military courts were authorized for A. P. Hill's corps in the 
 Army of Northern Virginia, for northern Alabama, and for Nathan B. For¬ 
 rest's and Stephen D. Lee's cavalry divisions. An authorization for the 
 appointment of military courts in each of the geographical military depart¬ 
 ments and army corps (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 157) was followed by a further 
 authorization for military courts in each State within those departments 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 143 
 
 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 193). The appointments of personnel for a military 
 court for the Trans-Mississippi Department were confirmed on Feb. 17, 
 
 1864 ( Senate Journal , 3:806, 812). The military courts had unrestricted 
 jurisdiction over military personnel except corps and department command¬ 
 ers, and they exercised civil jurisdiction in occupied hostile areas. Their 
 power was similar to that of Confederate States district courts. After 
 review by corps commanders the records of their proceedings were sent to 
 the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office. 
 
 Courts of inquiry were established to investigate transactions or 
 accusations against military personnel. These courts consisted of one or 
 more officers, not more than three, and a judge advocate or other suitable 
 person as a recorder. Although they could examine witnesses, these courts 
 could not express an opinion unless so directed; ordinarily they were no 
 more than factfinding bodies. 
 
 Charles H. Lee, The Judge 
 Advocate’s Vade Mecum; Embracing 
 a General View of Military Law, and 
 
 the Practice before Courts Martial , 
 With an Epitome of the Law of Evi¬ 
 dence, As Applicable to Military Tri¬ 
 als (Richmond, 1863). While attached 
 
 to the Adjutant and Inspector General’s 
 Office, Lee compiled this publication 
 for the guidance of officers serving 
 on courts. A revised and enlarged 
 edition with a chapter on naval courts- 
 martial and courts of inquiry was 
 published in 1864. 
 
 The Judge Advocate’s Office had charge of the records relating to 
 courts-martial. Letters, telegrams, and endorsements sent. Mar. 24, 
 1864-Mar. 24, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 42), contain fair copies of communications 
 relating to the convening of courts-martial, the suspension or execution of 
 sentences, and the transmission of records. A volume of endorsements on 
 court-martial correspondence. Mar. -Nov. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 201), contains 
 abstracts of letters received and a record of endorsements on them. A 
 record of courts-martial, Apr. 1861-May 1865 (ch. I, vols. 194-199, 1 ft.), 
 gives the date and number, name, rank and organization of person tried, the 
 finding, and sentence. Separate name indexes are available for vols. 195 
 and 196. A brief record of court-martial cases submitted to the Secretary 
 of War, Jan. 9-Mar. 30, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 200), includes a name index. 
 
 Most court-martial proceed¬ 
 ings are to be found in the compiled 
 military service records of officers 
 and soldiers described in chapter 
 XI of this Guide . Proceedings in¬ 
 volving more than one person are 
 filed in the miscellaneous collection 
 of manuscripts also described in 
 
 chapter XI; these are cross-refer¬ 
 enced in the pertinent compiled mili¬ 
 tary service records. Orders pre¬ 
 senting charges, specifications, and 
 findings of courts-martial and courts 
 of inquiry are in the AIGO general 
 orders and the orders of Army head¬ 
 quarters. 
 
 Orders . During the war the AIGO preserved manuscript copies of 
 the general and special orders that were distributed in printed form through¬ 
 out the military establishment in numbered annual series. 
 
 General orders were used to disseminate instructions of general 
 applicability and to publish acts of Congress; Presidential proclamations; 
 findings of courts-martial, military courts, and courts of inquiry; rolls of 
 honor; schedules of prices for impressed articles, labor, and services; 
 lists of officers appointed, promoted, dropped, and resigned; changes in 
 
144 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 regulations; administrative and procedural changes; and notices regarding 
 the exchange of prisoners. General orders, Mar. 25, 1861-Mar. 24, 1865 
 (ch. I, vols. 202 and 203), are numbered serially as follows: 
 
 Vol. 202: nos. 1-22, Mar. 23-Dec. 27, 1861; nos. 1-112, Jan. 1-Dec. 
 30, 1862; nos. 1-164, Jan. 3-Dec. 29, 1863. 
 
 Vol. 203: nos. 1-87, Jan. 4-Dec. 10, 1864; nos. 1-9, Jan. 6-Mar. 10, 
 and, unnumbered. Mar. 24, 1865. A similarly arranged printed set is 
 also available (ch. I, vols. 1-5) with a name and subject index (vol. lA). 
 
 Vol. 5 contains an order of Mar. 30, 1865, that is not in vol. 203. 
 
 Special orders relate to individual officers and enlisted men and con¬ 
 cern appointments, assignments, transfers, discharges, leaves of absence, 
 and the like. Some orders concern the establishment of and appointments 
 to general courts-martial, courts of inquiry, boards of survey, and medi¬ 
 cal examining boards, and the release of paroled prisoners of war. In 
 Record Group 109 are manuscript copies of special orders. Mar. 7, 1861- 
 Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. I, vols. 204-219, 4 1/2 ft.); other copies are also avail¬ 
 able (ch. I, vols. 6-20). The special orders are numbered serially as 
 follows: 
 
 Vol. 204: nos. 1-279, Mar. 7-Dec. 31, 1861. 
 
 Vols. 205 and 206: nos. 1-306, Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1862. 
 
 Vols. 207 and 208: nos. 1-310, Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1863. 
 
 Vols. 209-211: nos. 1-310, Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1864. 
 
 Vol. 212: nos. 1-78, Jan. 3-Apr. 1, 1865. 
 
 These volumes have name indexes. Vols. 213-219 contain an incomplete 
 set for Jan. 2, 1862-June 14, 1864. Other manuscript special orders, 1861- 
 65 (2 1/2 ft.), with many duplicates are arranged by year and thereunder 
 by order number. A brief record of special orders issued, 1862-65 (ch. 
 
 I, vol. 220), gives some information about the individuals concerned. 
 
 The general orders were 
 printed in Richmond from the files 
 of the AIGO and in Charleston or 
 Columbia, S.C., from the files of 
 the Department of South Carolina, 
 Georgia, and Florida. Library 
 locations of copies of these com¬ 
 pilations are given in Crandall, 
 Confederate Imprints , 1:218-219, 
 and in Harwell, More Confederate 
 Imprints, 1:66-67. Special orders 
 were also printed in Richmond and 
 can be found among the records of 
 Army commands, but they are not 
 
 available in bound volumes in librar¬ 
 ies. Five volumes of special orders, 
 1861-65, were printed by the U. S. 
 
 War Department in the 1870’s as ’’pre¬ 
 liminary prints” for the use of the 
 War Records Office in compiling the 
 Official Records . . .Armies . Sets 
 of these printed special orders are in 
 Record Group 109, in the National 
 Archives Library, and in the Rare 
 Book Room of the Library of Con¬ 
 gress. General orders and special 
 orders are also printed in Official 
 Records . . .Armies. 
 
 Muster Rolls and Payrolls. The Confederate States Army adopted 
 the practice of the U. S. Army in using muster rolls and payrolls to report 
 the strength of military organizations and units and payments made to non¬ 
 commissioned officers and privates. Inspectors-general or other officers 
 conducted musters of troops usually at bimonthly intervals when after an 
 inspection and review the names of the men were called and checked off on 
 rolls. The combined muster rolls and payrolls were then prepared on 
 printed forms by the adjutant, signed by the mustering officer, certified by 
 the commanding officer, and forwarded to the Adjutant and Inspector 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 145 
 
 General’s Office. Muster rolls deposited in that office by recruiting offi¬ 
 cers served as certificates of enlistment. When new organizations such 
 as the local defense forces were authorized, they were required to forward 
 muster rolls. Payments made by post commanders to soldiers who had 
 been retired under the act of Feb. 17, 1864, were to be reported on muster 
 rolls. 
 
 Muster rolls and payrolls, 1861-65 (folded papers, 805ft.), showthedes- 
 ignation of the unit, names of officers and noncommissioned officers, and 
 enlisted men, rank, dates and places of enlistment, name of enlisting offi¬ 
 cer, period of enlistment, date of last payment, remarks as to those absent, 
 amount paid, signatures, strength of the unit, its station, casualties, a 
 record of events, and the inspecting officer’s report. Company rolls make 
 up the bulk of the file, but some rolls of battalions, legions, and other units 
 are included. The rolls are arranged by State, thereunder by arm of ser¬ 
 vice, and thereunder by unit. The file also includes some morning reports, 
 regimental returns, correspondence, miscellaneous papers, and cross- 
 reference cards for material placed in compiled files relating to individu¬ 
 als. There are also rolls, arranged by State, of militia and reserve or¬ 
 ganizations and State troops. There are other rolls of Confederate infantry, 
 cavalry, and artillery organizations; engineer troops; sappers and miners; 
 pioneers; the Signal Corps; bands; foreign battalions; the Invalid Corps; 
 Scouts; prison, provost, and hospital guards; Indian organizations; the In¬ 
 fantry School of Practice; and hospital personnel and patients. Also avail¬ 
 able is a list of officers of the Niter and Mining Bureau. The file includes 
 some copies of muster rolls that were made from originals lent to the Re¬ 
 cord and Pension Office after the compilation of military service records 
 was begun in 1903. Some rolls of a number of State organizations have 
 been repaired and filed separately. The information relating to individual 
 servicemen on the muster and payrolls has been abstracted on cards that 
 are filed in the compiled military service records described in chapter XI. 
 
 An incomplete card catalog of muster rolls, 1861-65 (6 ft. 5 in.), 
 shows the organization, date of roll, station, name of commanding officer, 
 and sometimes names of other officers. It is arranged by State (Alabama, 
 Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia) and thereunder 
 by organization. 
 
 Appointment Records . Officers were appointed or elected under Con¬ 
 federate or State laws. An act of Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 
 47), providing for the organization of the Regular Army, authorized the 
 President to appoint Army officers with the advice and consent of the Con¬ 
 gress. Under an act of Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 45), vol¬ 
 unteers accepted into Confederate service could be organized by the Presi¬ 
 dent, who was authorized to appoint commanding officers of brigades and 
 divisions with the advice and consent of the Congress. The same act au¬ 
 thorized the President to appoint additional officers for quartermaster, 
 commissary, and medical departments for volunteers or militia called into 
 Confederate service. On May 8, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 104), the 
 President was authorized to appoint field and staff officers of additional 
 volunteer forces. Company officers were to be elected. 
 
 William F. Amann, ed., Per ¬ 
 sonnel of the Civil War, Volume 1: 
 The Confederate Armies, Volume 
 
 2: The Union Armies (New York, 
 
 1961). Volume I of this work contains 
 reprints of the U. S. War Department 
 compilations entitled Local Designa ¬ 
 tions of Confederate Troops 
 
146 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 (Washington, n. d,) and Memoran¬ 
 dum of Armies, Corps, and Geo¬ 
 graphical Commands in the Confed - 
 erate States from 1861 to 1865 
 (Washington, n. d.). C. E. Dorn- 
 busch. Military Bibliography of the 
 Civil War, Volume 2: Regimental 
 Publications and Personal Narra ¬ 
 tives: Southern, Border, and West ¬ 
 ern States and Territories; Federal 
 Troops, Union and Confederate Bi¬ 
 ographies (New York, 1967). Ells- 
 worth Eliot, Jr., West Point in the 
 Confederacy (New York, 1941); 
 
 Claud Estes, List of Field Officers , 
 
 Regiments and Battalions in the Con - 
 federate States Army, 1861-1865 
 
 (Macon, Ga., 1912). Charles C. 
 
 Jones, Jr., ”A Roster of General 
 Officers, Heads of Departments, 
 
 Senators, Representatives, Military 
 Organizations, etc., in Confederate 
 Service . . .During the War Be¬ 
 tween the States, ’’ Southern Histor ¬ 
 ical Society Papers , 1-3 (1876-77); 
 
 U. S. War Department, List of 
 
 The appointment process involved several types of records. A re¬ 
 cord of appointments to be confirmed, 1861-62 (ch. I, vol. 148), shows or¬ 
 ganization, officer's name, to whom to report, and date of rank. A record 
 of confirmations, 1861-64, (ch. I, vol. 149), shows name, assignment, date 
 of appointment, date of rank, date of confirmation, and frequent notations 
 about later personnel actions. A register of applications for appointment 
 and promotion, 1863-65 (ch. I, vols. 156-158), shows name of person rec¬ 
 ommended, for what position, name of recommender, and disposition of 
 the application. Vol. 156 includes a list of promotions for valor and skill. 
 Endorsements on applications for appointment and promotion, 1863-64 (ch. 
 
 I, vols. 160-162), are accompanied by name indexes. There are registers 
 of applications for appointment as major or brigadier general and for regimen¬ 
 tal positions, 1863-65 (ch. I, vols. 155 and 159). A record book relating 
 to officers (ch. I, vol. 150), contains the following sections: copies of let¬ 
 ters of appointment and recommendation, chiefly from the Secretary of 
 War, Mar. 1-Sept. 4, 1861; a list of promotions for valor and skill, 1863- 
 64; and a list of officers granted authority to raise troops, 1863-64, with 
 name indexes for the second and third sections. A record of the election 
 of officers, 1862-65 (ch. I, vols. 152-154), gives the place and date of elec¬ 
 tion, with rank and organization. 
 
 Registers of Appointments. Registers of appointments of officers 
 give name, rank, date of appointment, confirmation and acceptance, arm 
 of service. State, to whom to report, and sometimes information on decli¬ 
 nation, promotion, resignation, death, or other circumstances. The in¬ 
 formation on individuals in these registers has been abstracted on cards 
 filed in the compiled military service records described in chapter XI of 
 
 Field Officers, Regiments and Bat¬ 
 talions in the Confederate Army, 
 1861-1865 (Washington, ca. 1890), and 
 List of Staff Officers of the Confed- 
 erate States Army, 1861-1865 (Wash¬ 
 
 ington, 1891)--both of these compila- 
 tions are very incomplete. U. S. 
 
 War Department, "Memorandum 
 Relative to the General Officers Ap¬ 
 pointed by the President in the Armies 
 of the Confederate States—1861-1865, " 
 (S. Doc. 244, 60 Cong., Isess., 
 Serial 5241; Washington, 1908). U.S. 
 War Records Office, Memorandum 
 of Field Officers in the Confedei^e 
 States Service (Washington, 189?). 
 
 Ezra J. Warner, Generals in Gray; 
 Lives of the Confederate Command ¬ 
 ers (Baton Rouge, 1959). See also 
 the bibliography following the section 
 of this chapter on Territorial Com¬ 
 mands and Armies. Besides the 
 series already indicated, other AIGO 
 records bound into volumes (vols. 
 56-191) are on negative microfilm. 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 147 
 
 this Guide. The contents of the volumes (all in ch. I) are as follows: 
 
 Vol. 86. General officers and corps and department officers, 1861- 
 65. 
 
 Vol. 88. Regular Army, 1861-65. 
 
 Vol. 93. Field and regimental appointments of State and Confederate 
 States organizations, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865. 
 
 Vol, 94, Field and staff officers, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865. 
 
 Vols, 116-120. Record of notifications of appointments sent to field 
 and staff officers with notations on dates of acceptance, confir¬ 
 mation, declination, or resignation. 
 
 Vol. 123, Rough record of appointments and promotions for valor 
 and skill, 1861-64. Most entries are crossed through. 
 
 Vol. 124. Rough record of appointments. May 1862. Most pages are 
 crossed through to indicate that the information was entered in 
 another record. 
 
 Vol. 128. Record of all types of appointments in all officer ranks, 
 with name index. 
 
 Some of the above volumes are indexed by name in separate volumes, 
 but most of them are included in a card index to appointments of officers, 
 1861-65 (17 ft.), that was compiled by the U.S. Adjutant General’s Office. 
 
 Separate registers are available for staff officers of field commands, 
 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 99); staff officers, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 133); division 
 and brigade staff officers, 1862-64 (ch. I, vol. 122); officers appointed to 
 temporary rank, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 115); aides-de-camp, 1862-65 (ch. I, 
 vol. 114); quartermasters, 1861-65 (ch, I, vol. 135); commissaries of sub¬ 
 sistence, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 134); drillmasters, 1862-65 (ch. I, vol. 131); 
 chaplains, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 132); and officers of partisan rangers, n. d. 
 (ch. I, vol. 113). A record of quartermasters, Apr. 27, 1861-Mar. 11, 1865 
 (ch. I, vol. 137), contains lists of brigade quartermasters, assistant 
 quartermasters, and quartermasters by State and regiment. A chronolog¬ 
 ical list of quartermasters, July 15, 1861-Jan. 10, 1863 (ch. I, vol. 138), 
 shows the State, organization, or office to which assigned, with remarks 
 such as declined, dropped, promoted, dead, resigned, and disbanded. A 
 typewritten copy of an undated list of quartermasters (ch. I, vol. 136), gives 
 the quartermasters of a few divisions. There is also a record of appoint¬ 
 ments rhade after the adjournment of the third session of the First Congress, 
 May 1, 1863, 1863-64 (ch. I, vol. 127). A register of officers reporting at 
 the Adjutant General’s Office in Richmond, Jan. 1864-Feb. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 
 102), gives information on rank, corps, last station, post office, or resi¬ 
 dence. Most of these volumes are indexed in the card index to appointments 
 of officers noted and have been microfilmed. 
 
 Regimental Rosters. Rosters of commissioned officers of regiments 
 contain information about rank, date of appointment or election, resigna¬ 
 tion, and sometimes other matters. Volumes 75, 76, and 78 also contain 
 similar information on successor officers. The coverage of the rosters 
 (all in ch. I) is as follows: 
 
 Vol. 75, 1861-65, Ala., Fla., Ga., Miss., andS. C. 
 
 Vol, 76, 1861-65, Ark., La., and Tex. 
 
 Vol. 78, 1861-65, N.C. and Va. 
 
 Vol. 80, 1864-65, Ala., Ga., N. C., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 81, 1861-65, Ark., Miss., Mo., andS. C. 
 
 Vol. 82, 1861-65, Ala., Ark., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Miss., and Mo. 
 
 Vol. 83, 1861-65, Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., and Ky. 
 
148 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Vol. 84, 1861-65, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., andN.C. 
 
 Vol. 87 1/2, 1861-62, Ark., La., and Tenn. 
 
 Vol. 92, 1861-65, Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Miss., Mo., N. C., S.C., 
 Tenn., Tex., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 95, 1863-65, Ga. and Va. 
 
 Vol. 96, 1863-65, Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., Mo., S.C., 
 Tenn., Tex., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 99, n. d., N. C. and Tex. 
 
 Vol. 101, n. d., Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., Mo., N. C., 
 
 S. C., Tenn., Tex., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 104, n. d., N. C., S. C., Tenn., Tex., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 105, n. d., Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Miss., 
 and Mo. 
 
 Vol. 107, n. d., Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., Mo., N. C., 
 
 S. C., Tenn., Tex., and Va. 
 
 Vol. 107 1/2, 1861-62, Ark., La., Miss., Mo., and Tex. 
 
 Vol. 113, n.d., Ala., Ark., Fla., and Ga. 
 
 Some of the rosters include battalions, batteries, reserves, local defense 
 forces, and Indian troops. Most of them were used by the U. S. War De¬ 
 partment in preparing the compiled military service records described in 
 chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 A record of the arrival and departure of troops at Richmond and 
 roster of officers, 1861-62 (ch. I, vol. 103), contains a record of the ar¬ 
 rival and departure of regiments (p. 98-113), and a roster of officers of 
 regiments and battalions (p. 117-125, 300-343). Regiments and battalions 
 are indexed in the back of the book, and an alphabetical name index is in a 
 separate volume. 
 
 Battalion Rosters. A roster of battalion officers, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 
 79), shows name, date of entry or muster into State or Confederate service, 
 whether elected or appointed, date and cause of vacancy, and similar in¬ 
 formation for the successor officer. Information is sometimes given on 
 mergers with other organizations, including battalions of infantry, cavalry, 
 artillery, partisan rangers, and sharpshooters. Another roster of battal¬ 
 ion officers, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 87), supplies similar information regard¬ 
 ing officers of the same types of organizations and also engineer troops, 
 foreign battalions, and the Confederate States First Battalion. Name in¬ 
 dexes are in separate volumes. Another roster of battalion officers, n.d. 
 (ch. I, vol. 98), shows officers of the local defense forces (infantry, cav¬ 
 alry, mounted infantry, and reserves) of Alabama, Georgia, North Caro¬ 
 lina, and Virginia; Confederate States battalions; artillery battalions of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of Tennessee; and the First For¬ 
 eign Battalion. 
 
 Resignations, Discharges, and Deaths . Army Regulations required 
 the transmission to the Adjutant and Inspector General of resignations of 
 officers, reports of deaths and inventories of effects, certificates of dis¬ 
 ability warranting discharges, and returns of casualties. Registers of 
 resignations of officers, 1862-65 (ch. I, vols. 166-168, 170, and a supple¬ 
 mentary vol.), show rank and organization, date and place of resignation, 
 and date of its acceptance. Lists of resignations accepted during 1862 (ch. 
 
 I, vol. 165) and for 1862-65 (ch. I, vols. 169 and 171) and a register of 
 resignations, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 172), show similar information. A record 
 of discharges on surgeons’ certificates of disability, 1861-65 (ch. I, vols. 
 176-185), shows date, name, rank, organization, date and place of discharge. 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 149 
 
 and name of surgeon, A register of deaths and effects reported, 1861-65 
 (ch. I, vols. 27 and 28), contains similar information regarding deaths. 
 Casualty lists, 1861-65 (folded papers, 1 1/3 ft.), consist of lists of men 
 killed, wounded, and missing. The lists give information on individuals 
 and are arranged by State and thereunder by name of battle or engagement. 
 Reports on operations accompany many of the lists. Citations to the place 
 of publication in the Official Records . . . Armies are on these documents. 
 The information on individuals in these records has been abstracted on 
 cards that are in the compiled military service records described below 
 in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Invalid Corps . Several registers relating to the Invalid Corps are 
 available. A register of applications from officers and soldiers for trans¬ 
 fer to the Corps, 1864-65 (ch. I, vols. 190 and 191), shows date, number, 
 name, rank, and organization, date and place of application, and notes on 
 the duty applied for. A register of officers of the Invalid Corps, Mar. 19, 
 1864-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 192, rough copy in vol. 97), gives name, rank, 
 and organization, date of retirement, station, sometimes post office, 
 county and State, when and where assigned to duty, notes on disabilities 
 and requests for assignments, and date of renewal of form for retirement. 
 An alphabetical name index is in a separate volume. A register of enlisted 
 men of the Invalid Corps, Mar. 28, 1864-Mar. 23, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 193), 
 indexed, contains similar information. The information in the last two 
 registers is included in the compiled military service records described 
 in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Boards to Examine Officers . The election of officers and promotion 
 by seniority resulted in the commissioning of many incompetent officers. 
 AIGO General Order 39 of May 26, 1862, authorized brigade and division 
 commanders to form boards of not less than three officers to examine the 
 qualifications of officers elected or promoted by reason of seniority in the 
 Provisional Army. "An Act to relieve the army of disqualified, disabled 
 and incompetent officers" of Oct. 13, 1862 (1 Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 85), di¬ 
 rected commanders of departments to appoint boards to examine the quali¬ 
 fications of officers whose cases were brought to their attention. Their reports 
 were transmitted to the Department for examination and decision, resulting 
 in the removal of many officers; under threat of examination, others re¬ 
 signed. Lists of officers who resigned or were removed appear in the 
 special orders. General Order 49 of June 4, 1864, contains the names of 
 425 officers who were dropped, and General Order 51 of June 10, 1864, lists 
 the names of 1,300 officers who resigned. Officer examining boards were 
 also formed to examine candidates for appointments as artillery officers 
 for ordnance service and appointments as engineers. 
 
 Decisions of examining boards for promotion, 1862-65 (ch. I, vols. 
 186-188 and 189), show name, rank, and organization of the officers exam¬ 
 ined, whether the decision was favorable or unfavorable, sometimes the 
 date and place of the board’s meeting, and the rank and organization to 
 which the person was to be promoted. There is an alphabetical name index 
 in a separate volume for vols. 186-188. 
 
 Cadets . An act of May 16, 1861, to increase the military establish¬ 
 ment (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 115) authorized the President to appoint 
 cadets from the States in numbers proportionate to their representation in 
 the House of Representatives plus 10 others. Until the opening of a military 
 academy the cadets were to be attached to companies in any branch of the 
 Army as supernumerary officers. No military academy was established. 
 
150 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 but cadets served in both the Regular Army and the Provisional Army. 
 
 Registers of applications, appointments, and promotions of cadets are 
 available. A register of applications for cadetships, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 
 
 129) , gives the date, name and age of applicant, residence, number of the 
 congressional district, name of recommender, and information about the 
 cadet's service. A register of cadet appointments, 1861-65 (ch. I, vol. 
 
 130) , shows the name of cadet. State, name of person to whom to report, 
 and some notations on the duty; it contains an index. 
 
 Records Relating to Army Organization. A record of the organiza¬ 
 tion of the Confederate Army, n. d. (ch. I, vols. 143-145), shows the com¬ 
 position of armies, corps, divisions, brigades, and territorial commands. 
 Vols. 144 and 145 contain indexes to names of officers. An undated regis¬ 
 ter of troop organizations (ch. I, vol. 14 1/2) shows for regiments and 
 battalions the names of brigade and division commanders and the army to 
 which they were attached. 
 
 Other Records . A record of the arrival of companies in Virginia, 
 
 June 7-Nov. 4, 1861 (ch. I, vol. 113), gives information about the companies 
 and their commanders and arms. A record of the receipt of returns, Oct. 
 1861-Jan. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 142), gives information on returns from regi¬ 
 ments, battalions, companies, some brigade and departmental commands, 
 and posts. An account book relating to telegrams. Sept. 1862-Mar. 1864 
 (ch. I, vol. 112), shows date of telegram, name of officer who sent or 
 received it, and its cost. A register of requests received for authority to 
 raise troops, Jan. 23-Apr. 22, 1865 (ch. I, vol. 151), contains names of 
 persons making requests, names of troop units to be raised, and indications 
 of acceptance or rejection, or referral. There is an undated roster of the 
 President's Guard (ch. I, vol. 112). Also available is a record of the 
 distribution of blank forms and general orders, Apr. 4, 1862-Mar. 3, 1865 
 (ch. I, vol. 221), endorsement forms for the Invalid Corps, 1864-65 (ch. 
 
 I, vol. 193), and a record of troops offered to the Confederate War Depart¬ 
 ment. Copies of documents in a book labeled "Prison pens, Canada raids, 
 secret operations" (ch. Vn, vol. 24) include a consolidated return for 
 Andersonville military prison, Aug. 1864, three letters of July and Aug. 
 
 1864 relating to that prison, and letters of K. J. Stewart to Jefferson Davis 
 from Toronto, Nov. 30 and Dec. 12, 1864, with suggestions about operations 
 against the United States. A book of memoranda on battle reports, 1863-64 
 (ch. Vrn, vol. 354), gives name and rank of reporting officer, subject, 
 date delivered, date returned, date original was sent to the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General, and date copies were sent to Congress. Requests to the 
 Secretary of War for requisitions for funds, Apr. 3, 1861-Oct. 13, 1862 
 (ch. I, vol. 173), show amount, purpose, and fund to be charged. 
 
 Among additional records are those relating to officers and cadets, 
 1861-64 (3 in.), which include a list of U.S. Army officers who resigned to 
 join the Confederate Army; lists of applications for lieutenancies and cap¬ 
 taincies; copies of notifications of appointments as cadets, lieutenants, and 
 captains; lists of officers appointed to different grades; and lists of officers 
 whose appointments were confirmed. Material relating to conscription and 
 recruiting, 1861-65 (3 in.), includes correspondence, orders and circulars 
 relating to conscription in various States, special orders and circulars 
 issued by the Bureau of Conscription and the Richmond Conscript Office, 
 orders and circulars relating to the Volunteer and Conscript Bureau of the 
 Army of Tennessee, abstracts of payments, accounts current, and sum¬ 
 mary statements. Powers of attorney, 1861-65 (3/4 in.), authorize the 
 
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
 
 151 
 
 designated officers to receive and receipt for money due the signers for 
 their services. Records of boards of survey, 1861-65 (3 in.), contain or¬ 
 ders appointing boards and reports concerning their investigations of the 
 losses of supplies and equipment, of deliveries of defective materials and 
 stores, and of the condition of supplies and equipment. A diary kept by 
 Lt. Col. John Withers, Jan. 1856-Dec. 1862 (3 notebooks), contains some 
 references to AIGO and to Government officials. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Manuscript Division of the Library 
 of Congress is a miscellaneous collection of Confederate muster rolls, 
 1861-65, consisting of 61 rolls of organizations of various States. A list 
 of these rolls is in Ralph W. Donnelly, ’’Confederate Muster Rolls, ” Mili ¬ 
 tary Affairs, 16:132-135 (Fall 1952). 
 
 The Valentine Museum, Richmond, Va., has the proceedings of a 
 general court-martial convened in Petersburg, Va., in Mar. 1864 to adju¬ 
 dicate the case of Capt. William J. Malone. The Southern Historical Col¬ 
 lection in the University of North Carolina Library has papers of Maj. 
 Garnett Andrews, containing correspondence and other documents relating 
 to the courts-martial of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws and Brig. Gen. 
 Jerome B. Robertson. The Confederate Museum has papers relating to the 
 court-martial of Lt. Col. Richard B. Garnett on charges brought by Lt. 
 Gen. Thomas J. Jackson after the battle of Kernstown. In the same repos¬ 
 itory are correspondence and special orders, 1863-64, concerning the 
 court-martial of Daniel L. Russell. 
 
 Chaplains. In his report of Apr. 27, 1861, Secretary of War Walker 
 recommended legislation empowering the Department to appoint chaplains 
 in order to promote ’’morality, good order, and general discipline of the 
 army in the camp or in the field. ” An act of May 3, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C. 
 
 S. A. Stat. 99), authorized the President to appoint chaplains to serve with 
 the armies and to assign them as he thought necessary. Assignments of 
 chaplains were made in special orders issued by the Adjutant and Inspector 
 General's Office, but there was no office in the War Department for the 
 general supervision of chaplains. An act of May 31, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 256), authorized the President to appoint chaplains to battalions and 
 general hospitals. State organizations entering Confederate service al¬ 
 ready had chaplains, who were then commissioned by the Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General. Men chosen as chaplains by military units from civilian 
 pastorates, from the unit or other military organization, or volunteers, 
 were certified to the Adjutant and Inspector General for appointment. 
 
 Herman A. Norton, Rebel 
 Religion; the Story of Confederate 
 
 Chaplains (St. Louis, 1961); Charles 
 
 F. Pitts, Chaplains in Gray; the 
 Confederate Chaplains' Story 
 {Nashville, 1957); Sidney J. Romero, 
 ’’Louisiana Clergy and the Confed¬ 
 erate Army, ” Louisiana History , 
 
 2:277-300 (Summer 1961). Rosters 
 of Confederate chaplains compiled 
 from published sources are in the 
 books by Pitts (p. 137-157) and Nor¬ 
 ton (p. 115-134). Manuscript papers 
 of chaplains and published diaries 
 and other materials are listed by 
 those authors. 
 
152 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Signal Bureau 
 
 An act of Congress of Apr, 19, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 38), au¬ 
 thorized the organization of a Signal Corps. Signalpersonnel were assigned 
 to corps and division staffs. Squads of mounted signalmen organized 
 lines of communication for field armies and connected their headquarters 
 with existing privately owned telegraph lines. Signalmen operated signal 
 stations, tapped Union wires, and read Union signals. Signal operators 
 also served on the coast and aboard blockade runners to facilitate the en¬ 
 try of vessels into port. 
 
 AIGO General Order 40 of May 29, 1862, announced that the Signal 
 Corps would be attached to the Adjutant and Inspector General's Department. 
 The assignment of Capt. William Norris to Richmond for duty with the 
 Corps resulted in the development of a Signal Bureau. The Bureau pro¬ 
 cured communication equipment and supplies. It conducted a secret ser¬ 
 vice operation to obtain information about enemy activities and plans from 
 agents in the North and in other countries. It sent and received cipher 
 messages and operated a courier service between the Confederacy and the 
 United States. The couriers also brought back northern newspapers, which 
 were examined in the departments for whatever intelligence they might 
 yield. The newspapers were sometimes used as vehicles for the transmis¬ 
 sion of messages by Confederate agents in the United States. One propa¬ 
 ganda agent in the Bureau wrote letters for publication in northern news¬ 
 papers in an effort to influence public opinion concerning the war. The 
 couriers also conveyed private letters, which after examination in Rich¬ 
 mond were delivered through the regular postal system. Official commun¬ 
 ications and newspapers were distributed by the Signal Bureau to the Pres¬ 
 ident and the Government departments. Toward the end of 1864 Lt. Charles 
 H. Cawood had charge of the "Secret Line" to the North (AIGO Special 
 Order 285, Dec. 1, 1864), and commanded a Signal Corps camp on the 
 Potomac River. 
 
 Successive heads of the Signal Bureau: 
 
 Capt. William Norris, July 31, 1862. 
 
 Capt. William N. Barker, Apr. 1864. 
 
 Maj. William Norris, Jan. 21, 1865. 
 
 The Signal Bureau office and files were destroyed by fire on Apr. 3, 
 1865. Correspondence of Signal Corps officers is in other correspondence 
 files of the War Department, particularly those described under the Office 
 of the Secretary of War and the Adjutant and Inspector General's Office. 
 Additional records are in the compiled military service records described 
 in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 J. Willard Brown, The Signal 
 Corps, U. S.A., in the War of the 
 
 Rebellion (Boston, 1896); H. V. 
 
 Canan, "Confederate Military Intel¬ 
 ligence, " Maryland Historical 
 Magazine , 59:34-51 (Mar. 1964); 
 
 Edwin C. Fishel, "The Mythology 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A scrapbook of William Norris in the 
 University of Virginia Library :ontains for the war period his commissions, 
 orders, some correspondence, an invoice dated May 21, 1864, for signal 
 
 of Civil War Intelligence, " Civil 
 War History , 10:344-367 (Dec. 1964); 
 Charles E. Taylor, The Signal and 
 Secret Service of the Confederate 
 States ( North Carolina Booklet, vol. 
 2, no. 11, Hamlet, N. C., 1903). 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 153 
 
 equipment bought by S. B. Tennant from Negretti & Zambri of London, 
 England, letters from Tennant to Norris dated Apr. 23 and May 27, 1864, 
 and printed instructions to signal operators of the Army of the Peninsula, 
 Jan. 31, 1862. The same repository has some letters written by Charles 
 E. Taylor to his mother during 1863-64 while on duty at the signal station 
 at Hamilton’s Crossing, Orange County, Va., and at the Signal Bureau. In 
 the Ryder Collection of Confederate Archives in Tufts College Library are 
 letters of William Norris to Secretary of State Benjamin and correspond¬ 
 ence with subordinates in the Signal Bureau, Mar. 7, 1865. 
 
 QUARTERMASTER GENERAL’S OFFICE AND THE 
 QUARTERMASTER GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT 
 
 An act of Feb. 26, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 38), established 
 the Quartermaster General’s Department as part of the Army’s General 
 Staff. That act and other legislation provided for the appointment of quar¬ 
 termaster officers to serve in the office in Richmond and with the Army in 
 the field. Assistant quartermasters general attached to the Richmond of¬ 
 fice included Capt. H. H. Sheldon, Lt. Col. Larkin Smith, and Lt. Col. 
 Aurelius F. Cone. 
 
 The Quartermaster General’s Department procured supplies and 
 arranged for the transportation of supplies and personnel. It constructed 
 buildings, including hospitals, on Army installations and furnished storage 
 for military supplies. Quartermasters were also charged with the duties 
 of paymasters, and the Department carried on extensive financial and 
 accounting operations. A Quartermaster General’s Circular of Nov. 13, 
 1861, directed quartermasters to pay for private property, except slaves, 
 impressed into or expended in Confederate service. Contested claims for 
 compensation for seized property were referred to the Quartermaster 
 General’s Office for settlement. In June 1864 Congress authorized a claims 
 agent for each congressional district to investigate claims for supplies and 
 animals furnished to or impressed by the Army. 
 
 The Quartermaster General’s Department set up depots to store and 
 distribute supplies and sometimes to manufacture them. By Jan. 1862 
 there were depots at Richmond, New Orleans, Memphis, Charleston, 
 Savannah, Columbus, Montgomery, Staunton, San Antonio, and Ft. Smith 
 (Prov. Cong., Journal, p. 720). AIGO General Order 13 of Jan. 31, 1863, 
 placed the depots at Augusta, Atlanta, Columbus, Montgomery, and Hunts¬ 
 ville, which had been established by the War Department to supply the 
 wants of the Army at large, under the control of the Quartermaster Gener¬ 
 al though they remained subject to the inspection of commanding generals 
 of departments in which they were located. 
 
 To avoid competition in the purchase of Army supplies, a Quarter¬ 
 master General’s Circular of Mar. 24, 1863 ( Official Records . . . Armies , 
 6er. 4, vol. 2, p. 453-456), constituted the States as separate purchasing 
 districts under principal purchasing officers as follows: 
 
 Virginia: Lt. Col. Larkin Smith, Richmond. 
 
 North Carolina: Maj. W. W. Pierce, Raleigh. 
 
 South Carolina: Maj. Hutson Lee, Charleston. 
 
 Georgia: Maj. Isaac T. Winnemore, Augusta. 
 
 Alabama: Maj. J. L. Calhoun, Montgomery. 
 
 Mississippi: Maj. Livingston Mims, Jackson. 
 
 Florida: Maj. H. R. Teasdale, Lake City. 
 
154 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Louisiana: Maj. G. W. Grice, Alexandria. 
 
 Texas: Maj. T. A. Washington, San Antonio. 
 
 Arkansas and Missouri: Maj. J. B. Burton, Little Rock, Ark. 
 Tennessee and Kentucky: Maj. James Glover, Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 The purchasing officers were to regulate the prices to be paid for Army 
 supplies, and monthly reports of supplies purchased or manufactured and 
 quantities issued and on hand were to be prepared. Main depots of supplies 
 were to be established at Richmond, Staunton, Raleigh, Columbus, Atlanta, 
 Huntsville, Montgomery, Jackson, Alexandria (La.), Little Rock, Knox¬ 
 ville, and San Antonio, and smaller depots could be established at other 
 points when necessary. 
 
 A Quartermaster General’s Office memorandum book (Record Group 
 109, ch. V, vol. 227, p. 3), contains the following undated list of quarter¬ 
 master officers in charge of depots: 
 
 Richmond, Va.: Lt. Col. Aurelius F. Cone 
 Staunton, Va. : Maj. H. M. Bell 
 Raleigh, N.C.: Maj. H. R. Hooper 
 Charleston, S. C.: Capt. G. J. Crafts 
 Columbus, Ga.: Maj. F. W. Dillard 
 Augusta, Ga.: Maj. Lemuel O. Bridewell 
 Savannah, Ga.: Maj. Hermann Hirsch 
 Montgomery, Ala.: Capt. W. M. Gillaspie 
 Enterprise, Miss.: Maj. Livingston Mims 
 Columbus, Miss.: Maj. W. J. Anderson 
 Camp Lawton, Ga.: Mr. Henry DeVeuve 
 
 The practice adopted early in the war of impressing supplies became 
 so widespread and abusive that legislation had to be enacted to control it. 
 
 An act of Mar. 26, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 102), empowered the Secre¬ 
 tary of War to authorize the proper subordinate officers (quartermasters 
 and commissaries) to take private property for public use and provided that 
 in cases where the owner and the impressing officer failed to agree upon 
 its value they were to select local appraisers to set the price. The im¬ 
 pressing officer was to give to the owner certificates of payment showing 
 the military organization for which the property was taken, the circumstan¬ 
 ces of the transaction, and the amount paid or owed. Officers could appeal 
 decisions of local appraisers to State boards of commissioners, composed 
 of one member appointed by the Confederate President and one appointed by 
 the Governors. The Governors were also to establish schedules of prices 
 to be used in compensating persons other than the producers from whom 
 property was taken. This act also provided for the payment of compensa¬ 
 tion for property taken for temporary use and destroyed or damaged while 
 in the hands of the Government. 
 
 As a result of complaints against the prices fixed by the State com¬ 
 missioners, AIGO General Order 161 of Dec. 10, 1863, allowed appraise¬ 
 ments fixed by the local boards for property belonging to the producer or 
 to a person who had bought it for his own use or consumption. An act of 
 Congress of Feb. 16, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 192), amending the act 
 of Mar. 26, 1863, allowed the commissioners on appeals from impressing 
 officers to summon and examine witnesses to enable them to fix prices that 
 would be just compensation at the time and place of impressment. The 
 impressment system did not work well; opposition to it increased, and 
 finally an act of Mar. 18, 1865 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions , p. 
 151), terminated impressment and directed that market prices be paid. 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 155 
 
 The large number of slaves and of free Negroes in the Confederacy 
 provided a huge labor pool that was used increasingly by the Army. Slaves 
 were impressed for work from the beginning of the war. The act of Mar. 
 
 26, 1863, regulating impressment provided that when slaves could not be 
 hired by the consent of the owner or agent they could be impressed under 
 the laws of the States. An act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 202), 
 appropriated $3,108,000 to compensate owners for the loss of slaves who 
 had been impressed for labor on public defenses and had escaped or died. 
 Another act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 235), made free Negroes 
 between 18 and 50 years of age liable for work under the Army on fortifica¬ 
 tions, in war plants, or in military hospitals at a compensation of $11 a 
 month. The Secretary of War was authorized to employ up to 20,000 slaves, 
 who were to be given rations and clothing and whose wages were to be paid 
 to their owners. The owners were also to be compensated for the full value 
 of the slaves in the event of their death or escape. Where slaves could not 
 be hired, free Negroes were to be impressed; and when free Negroes were 
 insufficient, slaves could be impressed under the same conditions of allow¬ 
 ances and compensation. An act of Mar. 1, 1865 (Ramsdell, Laws and 
 Joint Resolutions , p. 69), provided an additional $1 1/2 million to pay com¬ 
 pensation for slaves lost while in Government service. 
 
 AIGO Special Order 77 of Apr. 1, 1864, appointed a Slave Claims 
 Board to examine and report upon the validity and amount of claims for 
 slaves who had escaped to the enemy or died from injuries received or dis¬ 
 ease contracted while in Confederate service. This board, which met in 
 Richmond, was composed of Col. James D. Waddell, Maj. J. B. Brocken- 
 brough, and Surg. W. A. Spence. 
 
 Successive Quartermasters General: 
 
 Lt. Col. Abraham C. Myers, Mar. 25, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, Aug. 10, 1863. 
 
 Rebecca Christian, ’’Georgia 
 and the Confederate Policy of Im¬ 
 pressing Supplies, ” Georgia Histor ¬ 
 ical Quarterly , 28:1-33 (Mar. 1944); 
 C.S. A. War Department, Regula¬ 
 tions for the Army of the Confeder ¬ 
 ate States, for the Quartermaster's 
 Department, Including the Pay 
 Branch Thereof (Richmond, 1862); 
 Florence F. Corley, Confederate 
 City, Augusta, Georgia, 1860-1865 
 
 {Columbia, 1960); William Diamond, 
 
 ’’Imports of the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment from Europe and Mexico, ” 
 Journal of Southern History, 6:489- 
 
 491 (Nov. 1940); Bernard H. Nelson, 
 ’’Confederate Slave Impressment 
 Legislation, 1861-1865, ” Journal of 
 Negro History , 31:392-410 (Oct. 1946); 
 Official Records . . . Armies , ser. 
 
 4, vols. 1-3, passim; Charles W. 
 Ramsdell, ’’The Control of Manufac¬ 
 turing by the Confederate Government, ” 
 Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 
 8:231-249 (Dec. 1921)1 Diffee W. 
 Standard, Columbus, Georgia, in the 
 Confederacy; the Social and Industri ¬ 
 al Life of the Chattahoochee River 
 Port (New York, 1954). 
 
 Quartermaster General’s Office 
 
 Record Group 109.--Records of the Quartermaster General’s Office 
 that were captured at Lynchburg, Va., in May 1865 and forwarded to Rich¬ 
 mond and shipped thence by Col. Richard D. Cutts to Washington are now 
 in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records (ch. V). They 
 are described below by type: 
 
156 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Correspondence. Letters and telegrams sent, Mar. 25, 1861-Mar. 
 
 29, 1865, are in 20 vols.: ch. V, vols. 13-21, 22-31, and 42, measuring 
 2 ft. 8 in. (available on microfilm as T 131); vols. 13-21 contain fair copies 
 and the others, press copies. Letters to quartermaster officers concern 
 appointments, duties, returns, bonds, and instructions; other letters are 
 to general and other officers, the Secretary of War, State Governors, 
 manufacturers, railroad executives, business firms, and individuals. 
 
 Fair copies of letters to the Secretary of War, Apr. 1, 1861-Jan. 6, 1864 
 (ch. V, vol. 157), concern estimates, requisitions for funds, appointments 
 of quartermasters, and the issuance of instructions. Letters sent relating 
 to remittances, Oct. 17, 1861-Mar. 13, 1862, and Nov. 13, 1862-Aug. 6, 
 
 1863 (ch. V, vol. 41), contain press copies of letters to quartermasters 
 informing them of amounts of remittances requested for them on their 
 estimates and acknowledgments of estimates with directions that applica¬ 
 tions for funds be made to field quartermasters. Letters sent relating to 
 accounts current, June 20-Dec. 22, 1863 (ch. V, vol. 41), contain press 
 copies of letters to quartermasters calling for accounts current that were 
 required by regulations to be sent in with abstracts and vouchers and letters 
 to the Second Auditor transmitting quartermasters' accounts for settlement. 
 Letters sent relating to claims, Feb. 8, 1864-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 
 
 126), contain fair copies of letters to claimants, quartermasters, and 
 others relating to claims and accounts approved for payment or disapproved. 
 There is a small quantity of unbound letters sent, July 1861-Mar. 1865, 
 copies of which are in the letters-sent books. A record of letters answered. 
 Mar, 1862-Mar. 1865 (ch. V, vols. 99-101), gives information regarding 
 the writers of the letters and their contents. A small file of orders and 
 circulars, 1861-65, contains both manuscript and printed copies and many 
 duplicates. 
 
 There are also letters and telegrams received, Apr. 1861-Apr. 1865 
 (4 ft.; available on microfilm as M 469). Besides many letters from quar¬ 
 termasters transmitting returns and reports, there are letters from the 
 Secretary of War, other War Department officials, the Second Auditor, 
 Congressmen, State officials, textile mills, business firms, and individuals. 
 Other documents in this file include certificates, invoices, and inventories 
 of quartermaster stores, inspection reports, accounts current, lists of 
 quartermasters failing to make returns, AIGO general orders, receipts for 
 supplies, certificates of insurance, and insurance policies. Cross-refer¬ 
 ence cards are present for many letters, relating to individual officers, 
 that were later removed from this file and placed in the compiled military 
 service records described in chapter XI of this Guide . This file contains 
 reports from quartermasters giving their stations and describing their 
 duties and, from principal quartermasters and chief quartermasters of 
 armies, lists of subordinate quartermasters submitted in response to 
 AIGO General Order 118 of Sept. 1, 1863. Letters from transportation offi¬ 
 cers to A. H. Cole are also in this file. 
 
 The registers of letters received cover the period Mar. 1861-Feb. 
 1865 (ch. V, vols. 1-12, 2 ft. 4 in.). A register that was kept for Mar. - 
 Apr. 1865 is missing. Some letters that were registered were forwarded 
 to other War Department offices for action or returned to the writers with 
 endorsements that took the place of letters of reply. An index to the Quarter¬ 
 master General's letters received (also to letters received by the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General), prepared by the Adjutant General's Office of the 
 U.S. War Department (available on microfilm as M 410), indexes not only 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 157 
 
 the names of writers but also the names of persons referred to in the let¬ 
 ters. A small quantity of telegrams received, 1861-65 (1 1/2 in.), is ar¬ 
 ranged chronologically. A volume of endorsements on letters received. 
 
 Mar. 1862-Mar. 1864 (ch. V, vol. 222), contains abstracts of communica¬ 
 tions that were referred to or returned to the Secretary of War or to quar¬ 
 termasters and endorsements that were made on muster rolls and accounts. 
 
 Records. Books and files provide information regarding quartermas¬ 
 ters and others working with them. An appointment record of quartermas¬ 
 ters, 1861-63 (ch. V, vol. 231), gives the name, rank, duty to which as¬ 
 signed, whether bonded, date appointed, and other information. An undated 
 station book of quartermasters (ch. V, vol. 228) describes duties performed. 
 An undated list of quartermasters in the field and at posts (ch. V, vol. 
 229) shows the names of the officers to whom they were assigned. An un¬ 
 dated assignment record of quartermasters (ch. V, vol. 230), contains a 
 State list of regimental quartermasters, a State list of post quartermasters, 
 a list of quartermasters serving in the Army of Northern Virginia, and 
 lists of quartermasters of various commands. A list of clerks in the 
 Quartermaster General’s Office, Aug. 1, 1861-May 28, 1864 (in front of let¬ 
 ters-sent book, ch. V, vol. 13), shows-name, date of appointment, salary. 
 State of residence, and other data. Some lists of quartermasters, 1861-65 
 (folded papers, 11/2 in.), show quartermasters on duty in various com¬ 
 mands, assistant quartermasters, and quartermasters on duty with field 
 transportation, Nov. 4, 1864. A register of applications for details in the 
 Quartermaster’s Department, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 207), shows name and 
 address of applicant, nature of application, date and notation of action taken. 
 A volume showing "names and residences of quartermasters, register of 
 officers and agents of tax in kind, and men detailed for duty in Q. M. De¬ 
 partment, " 1864 (ch. V, vol. 199), contains an alphabetical list of the names 
 of quartermasters with stations and remarks, an alphabetical register of 
 officers collecting the tax in kind, a list of persons reporting to quarter¬ 
 masters for duty giving date and place and indexed by quartermasters’ 
 names, an alphabetical list of persons recommended for detail in the Quar¬ 
 termaster’s Department for whom there were no vacancies, and copies of 
 circulars issued by the Quartermaster General’s Office and other subdivi¬ 
 sions of the War Department. An alphabetical record of resignations of 
 officers, 1862-65 (ch. V, vol. 122), shows officer’s name, rank, and organ¬ 
 ization, date of resignation, and AIGO special order number. A numerical 
 file of official bonds and related papers, 1861-65 (folded papers, 8 in.), 
 contains notarized bonds of quartermasters, commissaries, and agents, 
 showing names of principal and sureties, date and place, and amount of 
 bond, with some related correspondence. A memorandum book, 1861-63 
 (ch. V, vol. 233), contains the following miscellany: pay and allowance 
 table for the Confederate Army, copies of Quartermaster General circulars 
 with a record of the names and stations of officers to whom they were sent, 
 a record of applications for service in the Quartermaster’s Department, a 
 record of the cost of telegraphic despatches, a record of officers to whom 
 the Regulations of the Quartermaster General’s Department were sent, a 
 list of officers on duty in the department, a record of the names and stations 
 of officers to whom the laws relating to the War Department were sent, and 
 a record of the distribution of the publication on the Uniform and Dress of 
 the Army (Richmond, 1861). An undated record of detailed men and bonded 
 officers (ch. V, vol. 234) shows for detailed men the name, rank and or¬ 
 ganization, and destination; and for the officers, the name, rank, whether 
 
158 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 he was bonded, and further personal information. 
 
 Records Relating to Accounts . Financial transactions connected with 
 operations of the Quartermaster General's Department are recorded in a 
 number of series. Requisitions for funds, Sept. 23, 1861-Mar. 30, 1865 
 (ch. V, vols. 80-92, 2 ft.), contain on printed forms requisitions drawn on 
 the Secretary of War. These volumes have name indexes, except vols. 81 
 and 88. A ledger of moneys advanced, 1861-64 (ch. V, vols. 93-95), shows 
 the names of officers and others to whom money was advanced, date, 
 amount, and purpose. There are abstracts of drafts, transfers, and ac¬ 
 knowledgments of moneys to and from officers, 1861-65 (ch. V, vols. 102- 
 104), and abstracts of disbursements, Apr. 26, 1862-Mar. 13, 1865 (ch. V, 
 vol. 210). There is a detailed account book relating to leather goods, Apr. 
 1863-Dec. 1864 (ch. V, vol. 116). Abstracts of purchases, payments, and 
 expenditures, 1862-65 (folded papers, 2 1/2 ft.), show the kinds of articles 
 and services, amounts paid, and by whom paid. This file also contains 
 some invoices of medical and hospital supplies issued and requisitions for 
 commissary supplies for the use of officers. A record of line officers 
 failing to account for bounty funds, 1862-63 (ch. V, vol. 206), shows date, 
 name, rank, and organization of officer receiving such funds, from whom 
 received, amount received, and explanatory remarks. Abstracts of remit¬ 
 tances to quartermasters and agents, Apr. 3, 1861-Feb. 3, 1865 (ch. V, 
 vol. 243), are finely detailed. An account book. Sept. 1862-Oct. 1863 (ch. 
 
 V, vol. 136), covers debit accounts of paymaster funds, accounts of pur¬ 
 chases, accounts of quartermaster funds, accounts of expenditures, credit 
 accounts of paymaster funds, and a record of the receipt of Hoyer & Lud¬ 
 wig money. An indexed ledger, 1861-62 (ch. V, vol. 130), contains many 
 miscellaneous accounts. Railroad accounts, 1861-65 (folded papers, 7 ft.), 
 show usually on printed forms the name of the railroad, date, number of voucher, 
 number of men or quantity of materials transported, points between which 
 carried, and the charge. Some miscellaneous quartermaster and commis¬ 
 sary papers, 1861-65 (folded papers, 5 1/2 ft.), contain abstracts of provi¬ 
 sions issued or sold, quartermaster stores transferred, and articles issued 
 on special requisition; returns of quartermaster stores; returns and vouchers 
 relating to the tax in kind; requisitions for forage; provision returns; in¬ 
 voices of subsistence stores; and some transmittal letters addressed to the 
 Quartermaster General. Special requisitions of the Louisiana Army, Sept. 
 1861 (1/2 in.), are for clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and other 
 equipment, showing the organization for which requisitioned, the kind and 
 quantity of articles, the place of issuance, and name of issuing officer. 
 
 An account book of Col. Larkin Smith, Jan. 1862-July 1863 (ch. V, vol. 
 
 247), contains a record of amounts expended for bounty and transportation 
 of enlisted men. There are also abstracts of articles purchased, received, 
 issued, sold, lost, and expended by Capt. Richard P. Waller, assistant 
 quartermaster at Richmond, 1861-62 (ch. V, vol. 244). 
 
 Accounts of quartermasters, 1861-64 (39 vols.: ch. V, vols. 159-196, 
 vols. 162, 169, 189 missing; 2 ft. 10 in.), contain quarterly analyses of 
 quartermasters' accounts, showing names and stations, date, amounts of 
 funds expended, transferred, on hand, and how expended. These books 
 give the expenditures for supplies, postage, rent, services, stationery, 
 furniture, transportation, fuel, repairs, burials, and extra-duty men. 
 
 They include name indexes, but an index to the entire series is in vol. 
 
 196 1/4 and partial indexes are in vols. 118 and 196 1/2. A record of ac¬ 
 counts rendered by quartermasters, 1861-64 (ch. V, vol. 96), shows 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 159 
 
 whether he was bonded, his station, the date of his commission, and the 
 dates of the accounts received. A register of returns and accounts re¬ 
 ceived from quartermasters, Apr. 1863-Apr. 1865 (ch. V, vols. 123-125), 
 is also available. Acknowledgments of accounts, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 97), 
 give the date of receipt, name and rank of quartermaster, period covered 
 by account or type of account, and the station of the quartermaster. Re¬ 
 marks on quartermasters' accounts, 1861-63 (ch. V, vols. 114, 115, and 
 117-121 1/2, 1 ft. 4 in.), concern corrections, inadmissable items and dis¬ 
 crepancies, and reports and explanations received. Most of the books have 
 indexes. A register of quartermasters' and agents' money accounts and 
 property returns, 1861-64 (ch. V, vol. 142), gives names, stations, and 
 dates when quarterly accounts were received. A record of the status of 
 quartermasters' accounts, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 202), gives name and rank 
 of quartermaster, date of last account, amount disbursed or transferred, 
 and balance. A chronological analysis of expenditures of quartermasters 
 at military posts, fourth quarter, 1861-third quarter, 1862 (ch. V, vol. 
 
 118 1/2), shows name, station, balance from quarter, remittances from 
 Treasury acknowledged, amount and source of receipts, amount deposited, 
 and how expended. 
 
 Rolls and Payrolls. Rolls transmitted by quartermasters to the 
 Quartermaster General's Office supply information regarding military 
 personnel and civilians employed by the Army. There are payrolls for ex¬ 
 tra-duty men, 1861-65 (folded papers, 32 ft. 8 in.), detailed for work under 
 quartermasters, commissaries, surgeons, medical purveyors, ordnance 
 officers, provost marshals, and other officers. The rolls show name, 
 rank, and organization; by whose order employed; term of employment; 
 and rate and amount of pay. They are in two sections; the first section con¬ 
 tains 3,938 rolls and the second, 5,316. There are also rolls of civilian 
 employees. Clothing rolls, 1861-65 (folded papers, 20 ft.), contain a re¬ 
 cord of clothing issued to soldiers with date, names, quantity and kind of 
 articles, signatures of soldier and witness, place of issuance, and name of 
 issuing quartermaster. The payrolls of extra-duty men and the clothing 
 rolls were carded for inclusion in the compiled military service records 
 described in chapter XI of this Guide . Commutation rolls, 1861-65 (folded 
 papers, 3 ft.), contain lists of soldiers who received commutation of rations 
 while on furlough or hospitalized. Another file containing payrolls of ex¬ 
 tra-duty men, hospital employees, and clerks and clothing rolls of soldiers, 
 1861-65 (folded papers, ca. 140 ft.), is arranged in two groups: those that 
 were carded by the U. S. War Department for the compiled military service 
 records and those that were not. Bounty rolls, 1862-65 (folded papers, 1 
 ft.), show payment of bounty for enlisting and reenlisting and give organi¬ 
 zation, date and place, names, amount of bounty, and certification that 
 payment had been made by the recruiting officer. 
 
 Payrolls of civilian employees, 1861-65 (folded papers, 16,239 rolls, 
 
 86 ft.), show name of employing officer, name and occupation of employee, 
 period of service, rate and amount of pay, and signatures of payee and wit¬ 
 nesses. Slave payrolls, 1861-65 (folded papers, 23 1/2 ft.), give similar 
 information and name of owner, with his signature or that of his attorney 
 for the receipt of wages. An alphabetical name index to payrolls of civilian 
 employees and slaves, 1861-65 (85 ft.), prepared by the U. S. Adjutant Gen¬ 
 eral's Office, gives names of employees and slaves and slaveowners. An 
 incomplete record of the payrolls of civilian employees (1 ft. 7 in.), shows 
 name of disbursing officer, office (or place), and date and number of roll. 
 
160 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Lacking an index to the places to which they relate, the payrolls are diffi¬ 
 cult to use for research, however. 
 
 Records Relating to Supplies. Some record books relate to the pro¬ 
 curement, issuance, and transportation of supplies. A register of con¬ 
 tracts, Apr. 1, 1861-Dec. 12, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 113), gives date, names of 
 contracting parties, and an abstract of terms. The contracts relate to the 
 purchase or manufacture of supplies; transportation of men, horses, sup¬ 
 plies, cattle, powder, and other freight; construction and repair of Govern¬ 
 ment buildings; chartering of vessels; rent for buildings and lease of ware¬ 
 houses; telegraphic communications; laying railroad track and use of 
 railroads; and ballast for sinking boats as obstructions to navigation. Ab¬ 
 stracts and quarterly returns of materials purchased, received, or ex¬ 
 pended, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 245), give name of persons or firm and kind 
 and quantity of materials and their value. A memorandum book relating to 
 agents and supplies, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 227), contains information regarding 
 quartermaster officers and agents at home and abroad, arrivals of supplies 
 from Europe on blockade runners, contracts and requests for supplies, de¬ 
 pot officers, details of soldiers to factories, and bonded agents. A record 
 of stores issued by quartermasters at Camps Utley and Freemont, Sept. 
 1861-Oct. 1862 (ch. V, vol. 133), shows date, type, quantity, and place of 
 issuance, the organization to which issued, on whose requisition, and 
 voucher number. A record of issues for current service, Nov. 6, 1862- 
 Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 134), shows kinds and quantities of articles 
 issued and to whom issued. A shipping book, Oct. 2, 1863-Mar. 31, 1865 
 (ch. V, vol. 218), is a chronological record of issues of leather and woolen 
 goods, clothing, and cotton yarn, and it shows the name of the person or 
 firm to whom shipped. A record of clothing issued to slaves, Oct. 1863- 
 Dec. 1864 (ch. V, vol. 129), gives the overseer’s name and county, name 
 of slave and owner, and quantity of clothing, shoes, and tobacco issued. 
 Some incompletely identified records include a record of stores received, 
 Oct. 1, 1863-Sept. 24, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 217), and a record of stores de¬ 
 livered, 1864-65 (ch. V, vols. 200 and 201). Asmallfile of papers relates to 
 the valuation of horses and related equipment, 1861-65 (2 in.). 
 
 A register of claims. Sept. 1861-Sept. 1864 (ch. V, vols. 43 and 44), 
 shows the claim number (1-4521), claimant’s name, nature of claim, amount, 
 date of receipt, and action taken. The claims are for supplies and services 
 purchased by the Quartermaster Department. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The papers of Alexander R. Lawton in 
 the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Li¬ 
 brary contain a few items dated 1864-65 regarding his official status and 
 the work of the Quartermaster General’s Office, with letters of 1862 to his 
 wife. Small miscellaneous collections of documents relating to that office 
 are in Duke University Library, the Library of Congress, and the Valentine 
 Museum at Richmond, Va. Papers of Frank W. Battaile for 1863-64 (12 
 items) relating to his activities as a quartermaster purchasing agent in 
 Yazoo County, Miss., are in the Mississippi Department of Archives and 
 History. 
 
 Family papers sometimes 
 contain accounts or reports relat¬ 
 ing to the tax in kind, and records 
 of some industrial plants that sup¬ 
 plied the Quartermaster General’s 
 
 Department are available (see the 
 indexes in the National Union Catalog 
 of Manuscript Collections and guides 
 to individual repositories). 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 161 
 
 Pay Bureau 
 
 In his report of Apr. 27, 1861, the Secretary of War recommended 
 that a separate Pay Department be established or that more quartermasters 
 be authorized. Quartermasters continued throughout the war to disburse 
 pay to military personnel and make bounty payments and other disburse¬ 
 ments, however, and the office so responsible was designated the Pay Bur¬ 
 eau. 
 
 Maj. Richard S. Cox had charge of the Pay Bureau. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of the Pay Bureau that were sent from 
 Richmond to Washington in May 1865 became part of the War Department 
 Collection of Confederate Records. Letters-sent press copy books, Nov. 
 
 22, 1862-Aug. 9, 1864 (ch. V, vols. 35 and 37-40), contain letters to quar¬ 
 termasters, Army officers, and others regarding the pay of soldiers, de¬ 
 ceased officers and soldiers, sick and wounded soldiers in hospitals, and 
 pay returns and accounts. A small file of letters received, 1862-65 (2 1/2 
 in.), relates to bounties and quartermasters’ accounts and returns. Let¬ 
 ters sent by Maj. John Ambler, Jan. lO-Oct. 23, 1863 (ch. V, vol. 219), 
 contain fair copies of letters to officers, soldiers, discharged soldiers, 
 the Quartermaster General, Congressmen, and others regarding pay, 
 bounties, claims, and other business of the office. 
 
 More voluminous are the pay accounts. A record of payments to 
 officers, noncommissioned officers, and enlisted men, 1861-65 (35 vols.: 
 ch. V, vols. 45-79, 6 ft. 8 in.), shows payee's name, rank, and organiza¬ 
 tion; period for which paid and date paid; and name, rank, and organization 
 of person making payment, amount paid, and remarks. Payments to non¬ 
 commissioned officers and enlisted men are recorded in vols. 46-48, 53, 
 
 54, and 79, and payments to officers are recorded in the other volumes. 
 Some volumes include lists of the quartermasters making the payments. 
 
 A record of payments to company officers, 1861 (ch. V, vol. 132), shows 
 the name and organization of the officer, period for which paid, paymaster's 
 name, voucher number, and date of settlement. A register of payments to 
 discharged soldiers, 1861-64 (ch. V, vols. 110-112), shows the soldier's 
 name, rank, organization, date of discharge, date of payment, and by 
 whom paid. The entries in this register have been carded for inclusion in 
 the compiled military service records described in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Other pay records concern the paymasters’ accounts or summarize 
 the information in them. There are registers of paymasters' accounts, 
 1861-65 (ch. V, vols. 127, 128 and 239), and a register of the receipt of pay 
 accounts, Jan. 28-Nov. 29, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 236). An undated record of 
 military organizations paid (ch. V, vol. 232) shows by State the number of 
 the regiment, arm of service, company or other unit, and the name of per¬ 
 son by whom paid. A record of payments to troops, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 
 
 131), shows by State the military organization, year paid, and the names of 
 the disbursing officers. A record of accounts current, 1861-65 (ch. V, vols. 
 105-109), shows by name of quartermaster the date; amount received, trans¬ 
 ferred, and expended for pay, subsistence, clothing, and forage; and the 
 balance on hand. 
 
 Other records of payments were kept by officers stationed in Rich¬ 
 mond who appear to have been subordinate to the chief paymaster. During 
 1863-64 Maj. J. B. Cary was on duty in that city as paymaster at the hos¬ 
 pitals. There is an abstract of payments made by him from Apr. 6, 1863, 
 to Dec. 31, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 98). His monthly accounts current for 
 
162 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Apr. 1863-Dec. 1864 are in the back of this volume. Major Cary’s cash¬ 
 book, Apr.-Dec. 1863 (ch. V, vol. 87), is a complete record of expenditures. 
 A record of payments to soldiers by Capt. Samuel R. Chisman, June 4- 
 Sept. 30, 1862 (ch. V, vol. 197), shows voucher number; date of payment; 
 name, rank, and organization of soldier paid; period for which paid; amounts 
 for pay, clothing, and bounty; and total amounts paid. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —An account book of Capt. George A. 
 Barksdale, Oct. 8, 1861-Sept. 1, 1862 (1 vol.), in the Business Library of 
 Columbia University shows disbursements by check numbers made, appar¬ 
 ently, when he served with the Pay Bureau in Richmond. 
 
 Office of the Inspector General of Field Transportation 
 
 It became increasingly difficult as the war progressed to provide 
 field transportation for the Army. Quartermasters were designated as in¬ 
 spectors of field transportation in an effort to improve the situation, but 
 more effective measures were required. Accordingly, AIGO General Order 
 76 of Oct. 17, 1862, announced the appointment of Maj. A. H. Cole as In¬ 
 spector General of Field Transportation at Richmond. The order directed 
 all officers of the Quartermaster’s Department to report to him on the 
 quantity and condition of animals, wagons, and harness in their possession. 
 Major Cole sought to coordinate the activities of quartermasters and in¬ 
 spectors of field transportation. He set up a district system in Oct. 1863 
 (approved retroactively by AIGO General Order 142 of Oct. 30, 1863) under 
 which he was responsible for all inspections, purchases, impressments, 
 and issues of field transportation, except for officers specifically author¬ 
 ized to purchase and dispose of field transportation property. District 
 officers were to control field transportation within their respective dis¬ 
 tricts, and inspection officers were authorized to order to be turned in to 
 the nearest post quartermaster all artillery horses and other transportation 
 property found unserviceable. Chief quartermasters of armies or quarter¬ 
 masters at posts other than those in the field were to provide chief inspec¬ 
 tors with their estimates for field transportation requirements. 
 
 A QMGO Circular of Nov. 1, 1863, established the inspection districts 
 with the limits already outlined by Major Cole as follows: 
 
 First Inspection District, consisting of North Carolina and Virginia, 
 under Maj. George Johnston at Richmond. 
 
 Second Inspection District, consisting of Florida, Georgia, South 
 Carolina, that part of Alabama north of the Tennessee River, and that part 
 of Tennessee east and north of the Tennessee River, under Maj. Norman 
 W. Smith at Augusta, Ga. 
 
 Third Inspection District, consisting of that part of Alabama south of 
 the Tennessee River, Mississippi, that part of Louisiana east of the Mis¬ 
 sissippi River, and that part of Tennessee west of the Tennessee River, 
 under Maj. A. M. Paxton at Brandon, Miss., and later at Selma, Ala. 
 
 AIGO Special Order 255 of Oct. 26, 1864, directed Maj. E. H. Ewing to 
 relieve Paxton. 
 
 Fourth Inspection District, consisting of the Trans-Mississippi 
 West, under Maj. C. D. Hill at Shreveport, La. 
 
 The Inspector General of Field Transportation thus exercised greater con¬ 
 trol of the field transportation of the Army. Post and other quartermasters 
 were relieved of the purchase, impressment, recruiting, repairing, and 
 issuing of field transportation. Inspectors of field transportation assi^ed 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 163 
 
 to the chief inspectors of the districts made regular inspections of the 
 field transportation at posts and camps. Major Cole continued as Inspector 
 General until the end of the war. While he was absent on a long tour of in¬ 
 spection, ca. Apr.-Oct. 1864, Maj. William H. Gibbons served as Acting 
 Inspector General of Field Transportation. AIGO Special Order 299 of 
 Dec. 17, 1864, designated Major Gibbons as Assistant Inspector General 
 of Field Transportation. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of the Office of the Inspector General 
 of Field Transportation were among the records of the Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral’s Department that were received in Washington in 1865. Now a part 
 of the War Department Collection of Confederate Records, they include let- 
 ters-sent press copy books, Nov. 14, 1862-Apr. 2, 1865 (ch. V, vols. 146- 
 150 and part of 155), containing letters from A. H. Cole to chief inspectors 
 and inspectors of field transportation, agents, quartermasters, and other 
 officers, the Quartermaster General, the Secretary of War (in vol. 155), 
 and others. Each volume except vol. 155 has a name index in front. 
 Telegrams sent by Major Cole, Dec. 23, 1862-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. V, vols. 
 151-153), are fair copies of outgoing telegrams to inspectors, quartermas¬ 
 ters, general officers, and others. Telegrams and letters received, 1863- 
 64 (1 1/2 in.), are incoming communications received by Major Cole from 
 inspectors of field transportation, quartermasters, and other officers. 
 Endorsement books relate to letters received, Aug. 1863-Apr. 1865 (ch. V, 
 vols. 144-145, and part of 155). Telegrams received, 1862-65 (1 in.), con¬ 
 cern the supply of horses and mules and the affairs of the office. A small 
 file of correspondence, Dec. 1862-Apr. 1865 (1/2 in.), includes letters 
 sent by Major Cole, Capt. Richard V. Gaines, inspector of field transporta¬ 
 tion at Richmond, Maj. James N. Edmondston, inspector of field transpor¬ 
 tation at Greensboro, N. C., and Maj. George Johnston, chief inspector of 
 field transportation at Richmond. An order, letter, and endorsement book, 
 Oct. 7, 1863-Mar. 27, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 225), contains copies of orders of 
 Major Cole relating to the assignment of inspectors, other orders, letters 
 of Cole to the Quartermaster General recommending appointments. Cole's 
 endorsements on letters of inspectors of field transportation, and in the 
 back of the volume the assignments of chief inspectors and inspectors of 
 field transportation. 
 
 A few other book records furnish other kinds of information. A re¬ 
 cord of estimates of funds required for field transportation, Oct. 31, 1862- 
 Feb. 28, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 238), pertains to the estimates submitted by 
 officers attached to the field transportation service. There is a record of 
 transportation property inspected and condemned in the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, Oct. 28, 1862-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 154 and part of 155). 
 General orders relating to transportation allowances, Aug. 26, 1863-Nov. 
 
 3, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 154 1/2), contain copies of orders of various commands, 
 chiefly of the Army of Tennessee and the Army of Northern Virginia, show¬ 
 ing the number of vehicles and animals allowed. There is an undated re¬ 
 cord of artillery horses issued and condemned (ch. V, vol. 156). A brief 
 record of transportation approved, Apr. 5, 1864-Mar. 28, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 
 224), shows amount of funds approved for transportation for a number of 
 chief inspectors and inspectors of field transportation. An order and en¬ 
 dorsement book of Capt. Richard V. Gaines, inspector of field transporta¬ 
 tion at Richmond, Sept. 20, 1864-Mar. 28, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 223), is a 
 record of extracts of orders and communications he received, his endorse¬ 
 ments on them, and orders issued by him. Captain Gaines kept a record 
 
164 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 of horses or mules captured or impressed, Aug. 1864-Apr. 1865, and a 
 record of forage drawn, 1863-64 (ch. VTII, vol. 36). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Louisiana Historical Association 
 deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University are 
 official papers of Capt. John T. Purves, assistant inspector of field trans¬ 
 portation at Mobile from about the end of July 1864. Letters-sent books, 
 Jan. 22-Oct. 23, 1864, and Nov. 11, 1864-Apr. 1865 (2 vols.), contain fair 
 copies of letters to quartermaster officers in Alabama, Georgia, and Mis¬ 
 sissippi, the headquarters of the District of the Gulf, and to Quartermaster 
 General Lawton. Other papers of Captain Purves for Mar. 11-Dec. 16, 
 
 1864 (45 pieces), include additional letters to Lawton. Purves had served 
 earlier as a quartermaster officer at Vicksburg, with Brig. Gen. Francis 
 A. Shoup’s command in the Army of Tennessee, and in the District of the 
 Gulf. The same repository has papers of Maj. Edward A. Burk, a quarter¬ 
 master officer who performed field transportation duties in Texas during 
 1863-65. 
 
 Railroad Bureau 
 
 Early in 1861 the Confederacy had nearly 9,000 miles of railroad, but 
 the many lines did not constitute a system because of gaps between impor¬ 
 tant cities, differences in guage, and breaks between lines that entered 
 cities. No stockpile of supplies necessary for repairs and replacements 
 existed, and there were no railroad shops in the South. The transportation 
 of military stores, other materials, and personnel was arranged by quar¬ 
 termaster officers. In 1862 the Quartermaster General established a Gov¬ 
 ernment locomotive shop at Raleigh under Capt. Thomas R. Sharp to repair 
 captured rolling stock. 
 
 AIGO General Order 98 of Dec. 3, 1862, designated Col. William M. 
 Wadley as superintendent of railroad transportation for the Government, 
 and the office he headed became known as the Railroad Bureau. He was to 
 report through the Adjutant and Inspector General to the Secretary of War. 
 Neither Wadley nor his successor had real authority over most of the offi¬ 
 cers in the field or over superintendents of railroads, who continued to 
 manage their lines with an eye to profits. Wadley, who had been a promi¬ 
 nent railroad official, did what he could to improve railroad transportation, 
 however. 
 
 An act of May 1, 1863 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions , p. 167), 
 authorized the Secretary of War to require railroads to provide ’’transpor¬ 
 tation of freight, supplies, material and men for the Government” and 
 authorized the seizure of noncomplying railroads for operation by the Quar¬ 
 termaster General, who was also empowered to transfer rolling stock from 
 one railroad to another when necessary for public use and to remove rails 
 or railroad machinery to prevent their capture by the enemy. In July 1863 
 the superintendent of railroad transportation was transferred to the Quar¬ 
 termaster General’s Office. He negotiated rates to be charged by railroads 
 for carrying Government traffic and informed the accounting officer of the 
 Quartermaster General’s Office about them He distributed supplies for 
 use in rebuilding railroads and arranged for the repair of engines and the 
 manufacture of railroad cars. In 1864 the Bureau also became involved in 
 transferring prisoners of war by rail. In Sept. 1864 Capt. W. G. Gray was 
 assigned as an assistant in the Railroad Bureau and took charge when the 
 superintendent was absent. 
 
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL 
 
 165 
 
 A number of officers who were stationed at different places in the 
 South as railroad transportation officers were subordinate to the Railroad 
 Bureau. In mid-1863 Maj. John D. Whitford was assigned to Goldsboro, 
 N.C., and Maj. Thomas Peters to Atlanta; somewhat later Capt. John M. 
 Hottel went to Montgomery. In May 1864 Peters was succeeded by Captain 
 Hottel. In Dec. 1863 Capt. George A. Cuyler went to Savannah to take 
 charge of railroad transportation from Macon to Wilmington via Savannah 
 and Charleston. Beside facilitating the movement of Government freight, 
 these officers had rolling stock removed from railroads in territory in¬ 
 vaded by the enemy and supervised the rebuilding of railroad track. In 
 May 1864 Capt. John M. Robinson was given supervision of railroad trans¬ 
 portation between Wilmington and Richmond. The Bureau sent Capt. John 
 Frizzell to Augusta in Jan. 1865 to audit and pay accounts of railroads in 
 Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. He had served in the transportation 
 office at Atlanta in 1863. 
 
 Despite the efforts of the Railroad Bureau and its transportation offi¬ 
 cers, the condition of the railroads steadily worsened. An act for public 
 control of the railroads was finally approved on Feb. 28, 1865 (Ramsdell, 
 Laws and Joint Resolutions , p. 60), but by then it was too late. 
 
 Successive superintendents of the Railroad Bureau: 
 
 Col. WUliam M. Wadley, Dec. 3, 1862. 
 
 Maj. (later Lt. Col.) Frederick W. Sims, June 4, 1863. 
 
 Robert C. Black, El, The ston, E, Virginia Railroads in the 
 
 Railroads of the Confederacy Civil War (Chapel HEl, 1961). 
 
 (Chapel HEl, 1952); Angus J. John- 
 
 Record Group 109. —Most of the records of the Railroad Bureau were 
 lost in the burning of Belvin’s Block, the office building in Richmond in 
 which the Bureau had been housed. But Lieutenant Colonel Sims carried 
 some records with him when he accompanied the Confederate officials on 
 their flight southward on Apr. 2, 1865, and captured Confederate records 
 shipped to Washington from Charlotte included Railroad Bureau records. 
 
 A letters-sent press copy book, Dec. 30, 1864-Feb. 20, 1865 (1 vol., p. 
 193-304), contains a partial record of letters sent by Sims and Captain 
 Gray to transportation officers, quartermasters, presidents and superin¬ 
 tendents of railroads, the auditing quartermaster of the Quartermaster 
 General's Office (C. M. Smith), general officers, the Bureau of Conscrip¬ 
 tion, and individuals. Some other records of the Bureau were filed by the 
 U.S. War Department in the officers' records described below. 
 
 Papers relating to the heads 
 of the Bureau and most of the trans¬ 
 portation officers who served under 
 it are in the compiled military ser¬ 
 vice records of Confederate general 
 and staff officers described in chap¬ 
 ter XI of this Guide. These officers' 
 files contain correspondence, in¬ 
 structions, orders, receipts, mile¬ 
 age vouchers, and abstracts of art¬ 
 icles received, purchased, or 
 expended. Lieutenant Colonel Sims' 
 
 file contains handwritten copies of 
 telegrams sent, Feb. 1-13 and 23-27, 
 1864. Quartermaster officers' files 
 also contain material on railroad 
 transportation. Other letters-sent 
 and letters-received files of the War 
 Department, including those of the 
 Secretary of War, the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General, and the Quarter¬ 
 master General, contain letters of 
 officers concerned with railroad 
 transportation. 
 
166 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Other material relating to 
 railroads is in the Confederate pa¬ 
 pers relating to citizens or business 
 firms, another large file compiled 
 by the U. S. War Department de¬ 
 scribed in chapter XI of this Guide. 
 
 The list of names of railroads on the 
 map in the back of Black's The Rail¬ 
 roads of the Confederacy is useful in 
 searching this file. See also the 
 railroad accounts described under 
 Office of the Quartermaster General. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The Valentine Museum, Richmond, Va., 
 has telegrams sent and received by the Railroad Bureau, Sept. 8, 1863- 
 Jan. 31, 1864 (1 in.). The papers of Maj. John D. Whitford in the North 
 Carolina State Department of Archives and History contain for the Civil 
 War period much correspondence relating to transportation. 
 
 Tax in Kind Bureau 
 
 A comprehensive tax act of Apr. 24, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 122-125), levied a tax in kind on agricultural produce. After reserving 
 specified quantities for their own use, farmers and planters were required 
 to pay and deliver to the Confederate Government one-tenth of the wheat, 
 corn, oats, rye, buckwheat, or rice, sweet and Irish potatoes, cured hay 
 and fodder, sugar, molasses made of cane, cotton, wool, tobacco, peas, 
 beans, and ground peas. In case of disagreement between the tax assessor 
 (an officer of the Treasury Department) and the taxpayer in fixing the quan¬ 
 tity, quality, and value of the crops, each was to select a freeholder of the 
 neighborhood, who in the event of yet another difference of opinion could 
 choose a third person. These appraisers were then to estimate the quanti¬ 
 ty, quality, and value of the crops. 
 
 The act required Army quartermasters to collect and distribute the 
 produce received in payment of the tax in kind. Post quartermasters were 
 to receive from the assessors the estimates of tax in kind and were to give 
 receipts to the assessors for filing with the chief collectors. The collectors 
 were to furnish copies of the receipt to the auditor settling the post quarter¬ 
 master's account. The post quartermasters were to receive the produce 
 paid as tax in kind and hold it in safe custody until delivered to other quar¬ 
 termasters responsible for distributing it to Army supply points and deliv¬ 
 ering cotton and tobacco to Treasury Department agents. Quartermasters 
 could sell products that might spoil, and in places where it was not practi¬ 
 cable to collect produce the Treasury Department could collect the tax in 
 money. An amendatory act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 226), 
 authorized the Secretary of War to appoint the assessors of taxes in kind; 
 they were to be separate and distinct from the assessors of money taxes and 
 were to be under the exclusive direction and control of the War Department. 
 
 In 1863 the Quartermaster General assigned a controlling quarter¬ 
 master (a major) to each State and a post quartermaster (a captain) to each 
 congressional district in the States where it was practicable to collect the 
 tax. The controlling quartermaster was to establish himself in a central 
 position, assign post quartermasters to districts, designate depots at which 
 supplies were to be delivered, and prescribe measures necessary for safe¬ 
 keeping the produce and transporting it to the nearest shipping point. Post 
 quartermasters were to divide their districts into sections and establish 
 depots at which the taxpayer could deliver his produce. 
 
 Lt. Col. Larkin Smith had general charge of the duties of the Quar¬ 
 termaster General's Department relating to the tax in kind. 
 
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 167 
 
 C.S.A. War Department, 
 Communication from the Secretary 
 of War [ Transmitting a Report from 
 the Assistant Quartermaster Gen- 
 eral Relative to the Collection and 
 
 Distribution of the Tax in Kind, 
 Richmond, 18641; Instructions to Of¬ 
 ficers and Agents Receiving the Tax 
 in Kind ([Richmond?!, 1863). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Incomplete records relating to the tax in kind 
 are in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. Abstracts 
 of estimates for tax in kind received from _assessors at Tuscaloosa, 1864 
 (ch. V, vol. 199 1/5), show taxpayer’s name and kind and quantity of pro¬ 
 duce received during the second quarter of 1864. Abstracts of estimates of 
 tax in kind received from assessors by the quartermaster at Selma during 
 the quarter ending Dec. 31, 1864 (unnumbered vol.), are also available, as 
 are abstracts of estimates, assessments, and collections of articles due as 
 tax in kind, received at Aberdeen, Miss., 1864-65 (ch. V, vol. 199 2/5). 
 
 A similar volume relates to bacon received at Aberdeen, 1865 (ch. V, vol. 
 199 1/4). Another volume relates to Mississippi counties, 1864-65 (ch. V, 
 vol. 158). A file of tax in kind papers, 1864-65 (folded papers, 3 1/2 ft.), 
 consists of estimates of the quantity of produce to be taxed, quality, total 
 amount, and value; reports of articles received as tax in kind at depots in 
 congressional districts; and lists of collectors and assessors in the States. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A Rockbridge County (Va.) tax in kind 
 book, 1864-65, is in the University of Texas Library, Texas Archives. 
 Letter books of Maj. Chandler C. Yonge, who became controlling quarter¬ 
 master at Tallahassee, Fla., in 1863, are in the P. K. Yonge Library of 
 the University of Florida. Estimates of tax in kind and reports of tax in 
 kind collected in Virginia, 1863-64, are in Duke University Library. 
 
 COMMISSARY GENERAL’S OFFICE AND SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 The act of Feb. 26, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 39), organizing 
 the general staff of the Confederate Army, provided for a Commissary 
 General’s Office under a Commissary General with the rank of colonel. 
 Officers who served in the Commissary General’s Office in Richmond in¬ 
 cluded Lt. Col. Frank G. Ruffin, Maj. S. B. Brewer, Maj. Seth B. French, 
 and Maj. Thomas G. Williams. A commutation office under Capt. John H. 
 Wayt paid commutation of rations to army personnel. Additional appoint¬ 
 ments of commissaries for service throughout the military establishment 
 were authorized by several acts of Congress. 
 
 The Subsistence Department obtained provisions for the Army 
 chiefly from the domestic output of the Confederacy. In 1861 it began pur¬ 
 chasing meat in areas where the Army was undertaking operations, and 
 some salt meats that were acquired in enemy territory were still being 
 used early in 1862. Meatpacking plants were established at Thoroughfare 
 Gap and Richmond, and arrangements for obtaining meat were made with 
 packing houses in Tennessee and Kentucky. During 1861-62 cattle were 
 brought from Texas and Louisiana, and a slaughterhouse at Alexandria, 
 
 La., packed meat for the Confederate Army, but this source was cut off 
 when U. S. forces acquired control of the Mississippi River. Messrs. 
 Haxall, Crenshaw & Co. of Richmond was a large supplier of flour; other 
 contracts for grinding wheat were made in Lynchburg and Petersburg. 
 
 Salt was obtained from the works operated by Messrs. Stuart, Buchanan & 
 Co. near Saltville, Va., from newly developed salt mines on Avery Island 
 
168 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 near New Iberia, La., and from evaporating basins along the coasts into 
 which sea water was run. Both the salt basins and fisheries that were 
 developed along the coast were easily raided by Federal gunboats. Com¬ 
 missary officers impressed subsistence stores and collected other supplies 
 under the legislation levying a tax in kind on agricultural produce. In im¬ 
 porting food from abroad the Commissary General’s Office had to depend 
 upon War Department procurement officers. 
 
 An act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C. S.A. Stat. 194), transferred 
 from the Quartermaster General to the Commissary General the responsi¬ 
 bility for providing food for prisoners of war. An arrangement to this 
 effect had been agreed upon in the preceding fall ( Official Records . . . 
 Armies, ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 456). 
 
 In the field the operations of the Subsistence Department were 
 carried on by commissary officers and agents (civilians) whose assignments 
 were specified in AIGO special orders. Some of them worked directly un¬ 
 der the Commissary General’s Office and others were attached to Army 
 commands. They competed with each other and with the procurement offi¬ 
 cers of other War Department bureaus in purchasing supplies. To correct this 
 situation a system of chief purchasing commissaries was introduced by a cir¬ 
 cular of Apr. 15, 1863. Chief purchasing commissaries were assigned to each 
 State, which was divided into districts under chief purchasing commissar¬ 
 ies or agents, and the districts were subdivided. The chief purchasing 
 commissaries nominated commissaries or agents to have charge of the 
 districts, and the latter nominated their subcommissaries or subagents. 
 Chief commissaries of armies were to apply to the chief purchasing com¬ 
 missaries for supplies and designate points where they would be needed. 
 
 The officers designated as chief commissaries were as follows: 
 
 Alabama: Maj. John J. Walker, Mobile. 
 
 Florida: Maj. P. W. White, Quincy. 
 
 Georgia: Maj. Joseph L. Locke, Savannah. 
 
 Maj. R. S. Moses (Oct. 13, 1864), Columbus. 
 
 Mississippi and eastern 
 
 Louisiana: Maj. W. H. Dameron, Meridian. 
 
 North Carolina: Maj. James Sloan, Greensboro. 
 
 South Carolina: Maj. H. C. Guerin, Charleston. 
 
 Tennessee: Maj. R. T. Wilson, Loudon (?). 
 
 Texas: Maj. Sackfield Maclin, Houston. 
 
 Virginia: Maj. W. H. Smith, Richmond. 
 
 Maj. B. P. Noland (Oct. 7, 1863), Richmond. 
 
 Depots for the storage of commissary supplies were maintained at 
 a number of places. In Virginia there were depots at Richmond, Danville, 
 Lynchburg, Dublin, Boykins, Milford, Charlottesville, and Staunton; in 
 North Carolina, at Charlotte, Greensboro, and Fayetteville; in Alabama, 
 at Mobile and Selma; in Tennessee, at Nashville and Trenton; and in Texas, 
 at San Antonio. 
 
 Successive Commissaries General: 
 
 Col. Lucius B. Northrop, Mar. 27, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Isaac M. St. John, Feb. 16, 1865. 
 
 C.S.A. War Department, 
 Regulations for the Future Guidance 
 of Officers of the Subsistence De¬ 
 partment [Richmond, 18641, Regu ¬ 
 
 lations for the Subsistence Depart- 
 ment of the Confederate States of 
 America (Richmond, 1861); William 
 Diamond, ’’Imports of the Confederate 
 
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 169 
 
 Government from Europe and Mex¬ 
 ico, " Journal of Southern History, 
 6:470-503 (Nov. 1940); Charles L. 
 Dufour, ’’The Peevish Commissary: 
 Colonel Lucius B, Northrop, ” in 
 Nine Men in Gray, p. 197-229 
 (Garden City, N. Y., 1963); Thomas 
 R. Hay, ’’Lucius B. Northrop: 
 Commissary General, ” Civil War 
 
 History , 9:5-23 (Mar. 1963); Offi ¬ 
 cial Records . , .Armies , ser. 4, 
 vols. 1-3, passim. For reports of 
 the Subsistence Department, see 
 ibid.: Jan, 18, 1862, vol. 1, p. 870- 
 879; Nov. 18, 1862, vol. 2, p. 192- 
 193; Nov. 20, 1863, vol. 2, p. 968- 
 972; and May 4, 1864, vol. 3, p. 
 379-380. 
 
 According to reports that were made to Jefferson Davis by former 
 Commissaries General after the war, the Subsistence Department’s letter 
 books, endorsement books, and other papers were destroyed in 1865 in 
 Richmond and during the retreat southward (Rowland, Jefferson Davis, 7: 
 350, 8:181). As may be seen below, however, some letters received did 
 survive. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a letter and order book of Capt. John H. Wayt, Nov. 6, 1861- 
 June 22, 1863 (ch. II, vol. 230). Part of this volume relates to his services 
 as assistant commissary with the Army of the Peninsula, Nov. 1861-Aug. 
 1862. The part of this volume dating from Oct. 27, 1862, relates to his 
 work in the commutation office in Richmond. The volume includes letters 
 to and from Colonel Northrop, S. B. Brewer, S. B. French, and W. H. S. 
 Taylor (the Second Auditor), and transmittal letters covering returns, 
 estimates, and accounts. 
 
 Other War Department files 
 in Record Group 109 contain consid¬ 
 erable documentation relating to 
 the Subsistence Department. A col¬ 
 lection of circulars, orders, and 
 regulations, Oct. 1, 1861-Feb. 25, 
 1865 (1/2 in.), was collected from 
 various sources. Communications 
 to and from the Commissary Gen¬ 
 eral, his subordinates in the Rich¬ 
 mond office, and other commissary 
 officers are in the correspondence 
 files of the Office of the Secretary 
 of War, the Adjutant and Inspector 
 General’s Office, and the Quarter¬ 
 master General’s Office, described 
 in other sections of this chapter. 
 Files of commissary officers in the 
 
 compiled military service records 
 of Confederate general and staff of¬ 
 ficers contain correspondence and 
 other documents. Included are let¬ 
 ters addressed to the Commissary 
 General and other officers of the 
 Bureau of Subsistence. The file of 
 Confederate papers relating to citi¬ 
 zens and business firms compiled by 
 the U. S. War Department from sev¬ 
 eral sources relates to commissary 
 agents and business firms that fur¬ 
 nished subsistence stores or trans¬ 
 portation to the Subsistence Depart¬ 
 ment. Further description of these 
 compiled files is in chapter XI of 
 this Guide. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In 1915 the New York Public Library 
 bought some papers, 1861-84 (64 items), of Lucius B. Northrop, which in¬ 
 clude his wartime correspondence with the Secretaries of War, commissar¬ 
 ies, and other officers and persons relating to commissary matters. In 
 the New-York Historical Society collections is a letters-sent book of Maj. 
 Seth B. French, Sept. 12, 1862-May 9, 1863 (1 vol.), largely relating to the 
 Department of Richmond, but containing fair copies of letters sent by 
 French after he became attached on Apr. 20, 1863, to the Commissary 
 
170 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General’s Office. A copybook of telegrams sent by Major French, July 4, 
 1864-Apr. 1, 1865, in the same repository contains fair copies of telegrams 
 to commissary officers on the procurement, transportation, and distribu¬ 
 tion of subsistence stores. The collections of the Virginia Historical 
 Society contain wartime papers of L. B. Northrop, F. G. Ruffin, and Capt. 
 Herbert A. Claiborne, another officer who served as a commissary officer 
 in Richmond during the war. Correspondence of F. G. Ruffin is also in the 
 Henry E. Huntington Library, and other papers of Ruffin are in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Papers of Maj. Henry C. Guerin, including correspondence, orders, in¬ 
 voices of subsistence stores delivered, receipts, and reports of boards of 
 survey on provisions, are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University 
 of South Carolina. Papers of Maj. Joseph L. Locke are in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina. Papers of Capt. 
 John Emmerson in Duke University Library concern the purchasing of com¬ 
 missary supplies in western Virginia where he was stationed at Tazewell 
 Courthouse, Newbern, and Dublin. Papers of John M. Orr in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library concern in part his activities in procuring meat for the Con¬ 
 federate Army. 
 
 Willard E. Wight, ed., Magazine of History and Biography , 
 
 "Some Letters of Lucius Bellinger 68:456-477 (Oct. 1960). 
 
 Northrop, 1860-1865, " Virginia 
 
 SURGEON GENERAL’S OFFICE AND THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 The act of Feb. 26, 1861, establishing a general staff for the Confed¬ 
 erate Army (Prov. Cong. C. S. A. Stat. 39), authorized a Medical Depart¬ 
 ment consisting of a Surgeon General, four surgeons, and assistant surgeons 
 as required. In 1861 Congress authorized the appointment of more surgeons 
 for the Regular Army and Provisional Army and appropriated funds for the 
 employment of private physicians under contracts--a practice that continued 
 throughout the war. 
 
 The Surgeon General administered the Medical Department, managed 
 hospitals, regulated the duties of medical officers, appointed acting medical 
 officers, supervised inspections, and procured and distributed supplies. 
 
 Successive Surgeons General: 
 
 David C. De Leon (acting), May 6, 1861. 
 
 Charles H. Smith (temporary), July 12, 1861. 
 
 Samuel P. Moore, July 30, 1861. 
 
 C. S.A. War Department, 1863); Horace H. Cunningham, Doc- 
 Regulations for the Medical Depart - tors in Gray; the Confederate Medi- 
 ment of the C. S. Army (Richmond, cal Service (Baton Rouge, 1958). 
 
 Most of the records of the Suregon General’s Office were destroyed 
 by fire after the evacuation of Richmond by the Confederates on Apr. 2-3, 
 1865, but some were saved and sent to Washington by Col. Richard D. Cutts 
 in May 1865. These included books of the Medical Director's Office in 
 Richmond, the Medical Purveyor’s Office, records of hospitals in Richmond 
 and throughout Virginia and some hospitals in Wilmington, N. C., reports 
 of the examining board for the Invalid Corps, and a few packages labeled 
 "Surgeon General’s & Medical Director’s Papers." On Nov. 22, 1865; the 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 171 
 
 Archive Office of the War Department transferred these records to the U. S. 
 Surgeon General’s Office for use in preparing a medical history of the 
 war. An inventory of the records appears as appendix C of Francis Lieber’s 
 report of Jan. 18, 1866, in the records of the Archive Office. When these 
 records were returned to the Adjutant General’s Office in 1872, 184 other 
 books containing Confederate medical records, which had been received 
 from various sources by the Surgeon General’s Office, were included 
 among them. These and other Confederate records received later from the 
 Surgeon General’s Office became part of the War Department Collection of 
 Confederate Records (Record Group 109). 
 
 Surgeon General’s Office 
 
 Record Group 109. —A file of letters, telegrams, orders, and cir¬ 
 culars sent, Aug. 3, 1861-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 739-741, 4 in.), re¬ 
 lates to the Medical Department in general. It consists of communications 
 from the Surgeon General to medical directors, medical purveyors, the 
 Medical Bureau of the Trans-Mississippi Department, surgeons in charge 
 of hospitals, and other surgeons relating to the establishment, construc¬ 
 tion, discontinuance, and inspection of hospitals, requisitions for funds, 
 submission of reports, and other matters. This file was evidently com¬ 
 piled by the U. S. War Department from materials that came into its cus¬ 
 tody, since it contains original letters received by medical directors and 
 copies and drafts of their outgoing communications. 
 
 Circulars and other printed 
 issuances of the Surgeon General’s 
 Office are listed in Crandall, Con¬ 
 federate Imprints, 1:159-175; and 
 
 in Harwell, More Confederate Im - 
 prints, 1:50-59. Other correspond 
 ence of the Surgeon General is de¬ 
 scribed below. 
 
 Other records supply information regarding hospitals and their 
 staffs and patients. There are hospital muster rolls, other rolls, and re¬ 
 ports, 1861-65 (folded papers, 33 ft.). The muster rolls and payrolls are for 
 stewards, wardmasters, cooks, nurses, matrons, detached soldiers ser¬ 
 ving at hospitals, and patients. This file also contains many reports of 
 sick and wounded men showing the numbers of patients with certain diseas¬ 
 es, the total during the month, their disposition, and discharges with names, 
 rank, military organization, disease, and time of death if applicable. 
 
 Other documents in this file include several types of rolls, lists of deceased 
 soldiers, reports of furloughs granted by medical examining boards, and 
 morning reports of patients. There are hospital clothing-receipt rolls, 
 other rolls, and returns, 1861-65 (folded papers, 14 ft.). Information re¬ 
 garding military personnel in these documents has been abstracted on cards 
 filed in the compiled military service records of Confederate soldiers de¬ 
 scribed in chapter XI of this Guide . A file of miscellaneous medical re¬ 
 cords, 1861-65 (folded papers, 24 ft.), contains surgeons’ requisitions and 
 receipts and invoices of medical and hospital stores issued by medical pur¬ 
 veyors. Included also are returns of medical and hospital property; morn¬ 
 ing reports; abstracts of vouchers of medicines issued and received by 
 medical purveyors; railroad, drayage, and express receipts; medical pur¬ 
 veyors’ accounts; medical directors’ consolidated reports of sick and 
 wounded; consolidated provision returns of hospitals; printed circulars; and 
 some correspondence. 
 
172 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Lists of medical officers recommended for appointment or promo¬ 
 tion by the Surgeon General, Jan. 1863-Dec. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 370 1/2), 
 show the officer’s name, rank, date of rank, place to report, and usually 
 his native State. 
 
 A record of reports received from medical officers, 1863-64 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 644), was evidently compiled in the office of Surg. Francis Sorrel, 
 inspector of hospitals at Richmond. It contains a record of reports returned 
 for correction, Apr.-July 1863; a list of the names of clerks in Surgeon 
 Sorrel’s office; a record of surgical reports and registers received during 
 1863-65, showing the name of hospital or regiment and the date of receipt; 
 a record of quarterly reports of sick and wounded men, showing the names 
 of medical officers, hospital or organization, and station, 1863-64; a list 
 of the names of medical directors in the field, Oct. 19, 1863; and a record 
 of reports received from medical directors, Jan. 1863-Aug. 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Rudolph Matas Medical Library 
 of Tulane University is a manuscript by Dr. Joseph Jones entitled ’’Investi¬ 
 gation upon the Nature, Causes and Treatment of Hospital Gangrene as It 
 Prevailed in the Confederate Armies 1861-1865 with Observations upon and 
 Comparisons with Pyaemia, Small Pox and Malarial Fever. Augusta, Ga., 
 1865” (1 vol., 800 p.). Jones was a Confederate surgeon. 
 
 The papers, 1861-63, of Surg. Augustus C. Evans in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library include 
 some letters written from London in 1862 concerning the procurement of 
 medicines for the Confederacy. 
 
 Letters and other papers relating to the administration of the Medi¬ 
 cal Department, 1861-64 (150 items), are in the Illinois State Historical 
 Library. 
 
 Medical Directors 
 
 During the early part of the war medical directors of armies and 
 military departments exercised general control over all medical officers 
 and hospitals within the geographical limits of their commands. Regulations 
 adopted on Mar. 26, 1862, provided for the assignment of medical directors 
 to army corps and military departments and placed divisions of army corps 
 under chief surgeons, who were to be recommended by the medical direc¬ 
 tors, and brigades under senior surgeons of brigades. The medical direc¬ 
 tors of army corps and departments, the chief surgeons of divisions, and 
 the senior surgeons of brigades were to inspect and supervise the hospitals 
 of their commands. They also assigned surgeons to duty, appointed mem¬ 
 bers of medical examining boards, and executed contracts with private 
 physicians. One surgeon and one assistant surgeon were assigned to regi¬ 
 ments. 
 
 Eventually, medical directors were also placed in charge of general 
 hospitals in cities. They were responsible only to the Surgeon General and 
 were in direct control of the surgeons in charge. In the fall of 1864 medical 
 directors of hospitals were stationed as follows: 
 
 Surg. William A. Carrington, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Surg. Frank A. Ramsey, Bristol, Tenn. 
 
 Surg. Peter E. Hines, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 Surg. N. S. Crowell, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Surg. Samuel H. Stout, Macon, Ga. 
 
 Surg. S. A. Smith, Alexandria, La. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 173 
 
 Surg. James F. Heustis, Mobile, Ala. 
 
 Surg. P. B. Scott, Meridian, Miss. 
 
 Medical Director of General Hospitals in Virginia. AJGO Special Or¬ 
 der 65 of Mar. 17, 1863, directed Surg. William A. Carrington to assume 
 the duties of Medical Director of general hospitals in Richmond and on Apr. 
 2, 1863, he was ordered to take on the management of all general hospitals 
 in Virginia. During Jan. -Mar. 1863 he had been Acting Medical Director 
 of Maj. Gen. Gustavus W. Smith’s command in the Army of Northern Vir¬ 
 ginia. Before being assigned to that position he had served in the same 
 command as Inspector of Hospitals. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of the Medical Director at Richmond 
 are in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. Letters- 
 sent books, Dec. 8, 1862-July 22, 1863, and Feb. 13, 1864-Apr. 1, 1865 
 (ch. VI, vols. 416 and 364), contain fair copies of inspection reports by 
 Surgeons William A. Carrington and E. S. Gaillard and of letters from 
 Carrington to the Surgeon General, the Secretary of War, Medical Direc¬ 
 tors E. S. Gaillard and Thomas H. Williams, surgeons in charge of hos¬ 
 pitals and other surgeons, commandants of posts, Maj. Gens. G. W\ Smith 
 and Arnold Elzey, Brig. Gen. John H. Winder, commanders of Richmond 
 prisons. Army officers, the Quartermaster General, the Commissary Gen¬ 
 eral, Medical Purveyor E. W. Johns, the Superintendent of Railroad Trans¬ 
 portation, Maj. W. H. Wood (transportation officer at Richmond), Lt. Col. 
 Frank Ruffin, and others. Volume 416 contains copies of some letters re¬ 
 ceived by Carrington and some general and special orders of the Depart¬ 
 ment of Henrico and of the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office. Volume 
 364 contains some statements of hospital funds. Letters received by the 
 Medical Director, Apr. 9, 1864-Mar. 30, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 364, p. 492- 
 557, 563-640), are copies of letters, mostly from the same correspondents. 
 A register of letters received, Aug. 1863-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 145), 
 arranged by subjects (Details, Furloughs, Leaves of Absence, etc.), identi¬ 
 fies each communication and gives information about action taken. Endorse¬ 
 ments on letters and orders received, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 363), show the 
 writer’s name, date and subject of letter, and action taken. Volume 363 
 also contains on p. 550-551 and 559-560 a record of assignments of detailed 
 soldiers, Feb. 6-Apr. 1, 1865. There is a copybook of orders, telegrams, 
 and circulars issued. Mar. 19, 1863-Oct. 18, 1864, and received, Jan. 3, 
 1863-Mar. 15, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 362). Among special orders and circulars 
 issued and received, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 365), are special orders issued 
 by the Medical Director, Oct. 19, 1864-Apr. 1, 1865; special and general 
 orders received from the Adjutant and Inspector General, the Surgeon Gen¬ 
 eral, and the headquarters of the Department of Henrico and the post of 
 Richmond, July 1, 1864-Mar. 24, 1865; and circulars received from the 
 Surgeon General, Sept. 29, 1864-Feb. 9, 1865. 
 
 The Medical Director's Office also kept records relating to hospital 
 patients. In Record Group 109 are a list of patients admitted to hospitals, 
 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 146 and 153); a register of patients from Virginia or¬ 
 ganizations in hospitals, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 152); a register of patients 
 by regiments in Virginia hospitals, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 357); a list of 
 patients in Richmond hospitals. Sept. 1862-Mar. 1863 (ch. VI, vols. 150 and 
 155-157); a register of furloughs and discharges from Richmond hospitals, 
 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 465); a register of discharges, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 144 
 and 645); a register of approved furloughs, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 148 and 
 149); and a register of furloughs from Richmond hospitals, 1864 (ch. VI, 
 
174 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 vol. 177). In ch. VI, vol. 154, are a register of soldiers furloughed from 
 Richmond hospitals, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865, a register of men examined for 
 admission to hospitals, Jan. -Mar. 1865, a register of officers recommend¬ 
 ed for leaves of absence, Nov. 1864-Mar. 1865, and a register of certificates 
 of disability granted by a medical examining board, Oct. 1864-Mar. 1865. 
 
 In ch. VI, vol. 140, are registers of assignments for treatment, officer pa¬ 
 tients, and transfers to private quarters, 1862-63. 
 
 Statistical reports of hospitals in Virginia, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 151 and 548), show the number of patients remaining, admitted, transferred, 
 returned to duty, furloughed, discharged, deserted, and deceased. 
 
 Other volumes concern medical officers and other Medical Depart¬ 
 ment personnel. A register of medical officers’ appointments, 1861-63 (ch. 
 VI, vols. 141 and 143), shows officer’s name, rank, date of appointment, 
 assignment, and remarks. Lists of medical officers, 1861-64 (ch. VI, vol. 
 142), give name, rank, assignment, date of commission, and remarks. In 
 this volume is a list of surgeons and assistant surgeons of the Volunteer 
 Forces of Virginia appointed by the Governor and Council, May-June 1861, 
 showing name, residence, date of appointment, and assignment. A medical 
 examining board record, Feb. 25, 1863-May 26, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 370), 
 shows the date, name, rank, and organization of patient examined, disease 
 or injury and its duration, and finding. Names of members of the board are 
 sometimes shown. This volume also contains a record of officers who 
 wished to resign, Apr. -Aug. 1863. Reports and other papers of the board 
 for examining hospital stewards, Aug. 27, 1863-Feb. 20, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 
 557), are mainly reports on persons examined showing name, age, whether 
 a civilian or an enlisted man, date of appointment, and finding. The re¬ 
 ports are preceded by a few circulars, orders, and letters relating to the 
 board, Aug. 27-Sept. 11, 1863. A list of officers, Dec. 19, 1864, shows 
 names, powers and duties, and residence; and a time record of clerks is 
 dated Dec. 19, 1864-Apr. 2, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 371). A page near the end 
 of this volume contains a postage account of the Medical Director’s Office, 
 Jan. 1-Mar. 25, 1865. In ch. VI, vol. 179, are a register of officers rec¬ 
 ommended for leaves of absence, Aug. 1863-Oct. 1864; a register of exam¬ 
 ination of detailed soldiers. Sept. 1863-Nov. 1864; a register of examination 
 of detailed men employed at the C. S. Shoe Factory, Nov. 1864; a register 
 of soldiers recommended for detail or transfer from various hospitals, 
 1862-64; a register of discharges from various hospitals, 1863-64; and a 
 list of permanently disabled soldiers examined by medical examining boards 
 at different hospitals and recommended for transfer to Eufaula, Ala., Mar. 
 28, 1864. 
 
 Other volumes concern reports and requisitions for supplies. A 
 record of the receipt of surgeons’ reports, July 1863-Feb. 1865 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 464), concerns surgical and medical cases. A record of requisitions 
 for supplies issued to Virginia hospitals, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 469), also shows persons to whom they were sent; and there is a record of 
 requisitions for fuel for Richmond hospitals, Jan. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 358). 
 
 Surgeon Carrington served as corresponding secretary of the Asso¬ 
 ciation for the Relief of Maimed Soldiers. The Association’s record book 
 (ch. VI, vol. 463) contains his correspondence, Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865, his 
 reports, minutes of meetings, the constitution of the A. R. M. S., the treas¬ 
 urer’s account of receipts and expenditures, Feb. 1864-Jan. 1865, and a 
 register of beneficiaries, 1861-65. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 175 
 
 Other correspondence is that of Surg. Thomas H. Williams, Inspec¬ 
 tor of Hospitals in Virginia. Letters-sent books, May 17, 1862-Jan. 22, 
 
 1863 (ch. VI, vols. 366 and 461), contain fair copies of letters sent by Wil¬ 
 liams from Lynchburg and Danville to surgeons in charge of hospitals, the 
 Surgeon General, contract physicians. Army officers, and others relating 
 chiefly to conditions in hospitals. Letters received by Surgeon Williams, 
 June 7, 1861-Dec. 6, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 369), are mainly copies of incom¬ 
 ing communications from the Surgeon General and surgeons in charge of 
 hospitals. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Some records of the Medical Director 
 at Richmond are in other repositories. A correspondence and order book, 
 1861-64, in the Confederate Museum contains copies of outgoing and incom¬ 
 ing communications, July 24-Sept. 10, 1863; Surgeon General’s circulars, 
 Jan. 23, 1863-Feb. 15, 1864; orders of the Army of the Potomac, Aug. 11- 
 Nov. 1, 1861; and a list of sick and wounded men allowed to remain in pri¬ 
 vate quarters, 1862. A roster of surgeons at the general hospitals in Vir¬ 
 ginia, Jan. -Apr. 1864, and consolidated statistical reports of sick and 
 wounded men in hospitals in and around Richmond, Dec. 1862 and Feb. 1863, 
 are in the same repository. A few William A. Carrington papers, 1863-64, 
 are in Duke University Library. Other records of Surgeon Carrington re¬ 
 lating to hospitals in Virginia, in the W. P. Palmer collection in the West¬ 
 ern Reserve Historical Society, include reports of sick and wounded men 
 and a return of medical officers. Department of Virginia, Jan. 1863-May 
 1864; morning reports of general hospitals in the Department of Henrico, 
 
 Jan. -Nov. 1864; and requisitions and abstracts of hospitals in Danville, 
 Lynchburg, and Charlottesville. 
 
 Medical Directors of the Army of Tennessee . As Medical Director of the 
 Army of Tennessee, Surg. Andrew J. Foard had charge of the surgeons 
 attached to the Army and its hospitals. He was relieved of the responsibil¬ 
 ity for hospitals in July 1862 on the appointment of Surg. Samuel H. Stout 
 as Medical Director of Hospitals. Stout directed many hospitals in Tennes¬ 
 see and Georgia and was stationed successively at Chattanooga, Macon, 
 Marietta, Atlanta, and Columbus. About the beginning of 1863 Surg. Ed¬ 
 ward A. Flewellen became Medical Director of the Army of Tennessee and 
 served at its headquarters. In Nov. 1863 Surgeon Foard was assigned to 
 relieve Flewellen. 
 
 Record Group 109. --In 1903 Surgeon Flewellen donated records that 
 are now in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. Letters, 
 orders, and circulars sent and received, Jan. 9, 1862-Feb. 20, 1865 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 748), include fair copies of outgoing communications (the letters 
 are to the Surgeon General) and letters, orders, and circulars from the 
 Surgeon General and the Adjutant and Inspector General. A letters-sent 
 book, Jan. 20, 1863-Aug. 15, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 749), consists mainly of 
 fair copies of letters sent and some of orders and circulars. The letters 
 and telegrams are to medical directors of corps, surgeons. Chief Medical 
 Purveyor E. W. Johns, the medical purveyor at Chattanooga, and other 
 Army officers. Service records, with an alphabetical index, of medical 
 officers of the Army of Tennessee, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vol. 747), give infor¬ 
 mation on individual officers including rank, date of appointment, command 
 to which appointed, and date and place of examination by medical examining 
 board. Index record cards prepared from this volume and volume 748 are 
 in the compiled military service records of Confederate officers described 
 in chapter XI of this Guide. 
 
176 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--Papers of Surg. A. J. Foard, Apr. 
 
 1861- July 1862, in the Confederate Museum contain a few wartime letters. 
 These and microfilm of other communications addressed to him, now in 
 the Stout papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of 
 North Carolina Library, relate partly to his activities as Medical Director 
 of Department No. 2 in Tennessee. 
 
 In 1915 Surgeon Stout’s collection of medical records of the Army of 
 Tennessee was sold to several repositories and individuals. The extensive 
 Stout collection in the Texas Archives in the University of Texas Library 
 relates to hospitals in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. 
 
 The records relating to Stout’s activities as Medical Director of Hospitals 
 of the Army of Tennessee are described here; those relating to hospitals 
 are described below. There are correspondence and order books, Dec. 16, 
 
 1862- July 14, 1863, July 24, 1863-Mar. 22, 1865, and Jan. 1, 1864-July 19, 
 
 1864 (3 vols.). Part of the first volume relates to his services as post sur¬ 
 geon at Chattanooga before he became medical director, and other records 
 for 1862-63 that are described below also relate to that assignment. An 
 order book, Apr. 12-May 1, 1865, contains copies of orders issued by Stout 
 at Columbus and Atlanta. Correspondence and other papers, Jan. 9, 1862- 
 Dec. 18, 1864 (2 in.), include letters received and sent, orders, vouchers, 
 statements of provisions issued, and summaries of accounts current of 
 hospital funds. Morning reports of the Medical Director, Apr. 1, 1863- 
 July 19, 1864, contain statistical data on men in hospitals in Tennessee, 
 Georgia, and Alabama. Another small file of S. H. Stout papers, 1861-65, 
 includes letters, telegrams, orders, circulars, and contracts with private 
 physicians. Some of the communications in this file are addressed to Surg. 
 A. J. Foard. 
 
 Original manuscripts of Medical Director Stout are in several other 
 repositories. Correspondence and other papers, Dec. 21, 1861-June 12, 
 
 1865 (2 in.), in the Confederate Museum include letters and circulars from 
 the Surgeon General; special orders and circulars from the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office, the Army of Tennessee, the Department of 
 East Tennessee, and Department No. 2; letters from hospital surgeons, 
 post surgeons, medical purveyors, and other Army officers; and some hos¬ 
 pital provision returns and property returns. Correspondence and orders. 
 May 30, 1861-Apr. 27, 1865, in the Keith Read Confederate Collection in 
 Emory University Library include letters from hospital, post, and regi¬ 
 mental surgeons and the medical directors of the Department of East Ten¬ 
 nessee and Department No. 2; copies of letters to the Surgeon General and 
 to hospital and other surgeons; copies and drafts of circulars issued; re¬ 
 ceipts for payments; and AIGO and Army of Tennessee special orders. The 
 S. H. Stout papers, 1863-65 (13 items), in the Georgia Historical Society 
 collections consist mainly of letters and telegrams sent and received. 
 
 Other S. H. Stout papers, 1861-65 (3 ft. 3 in.), in the W. P. Palmer Col¬ 
 lection of the Western Reserve Historical Society consist of correspondence, 
 special orders, circulars, lists of medical officers and other hospital em¬ 
 ployees, registers and lists of employees, and hospital reports of medical 
 and hospital supplies, requests and invoices for provisions, diets and pre¬ 
 scriptions, furlough papers, and registers of deaths, relating mostly to 
 Georgia hospitals during 1863-64. 
 
 Microfilm of Stout papers that were privately owned is in other re¬ 
 positories. The University of North Carolina Library, Duke University 
 Library, and Emory University Library have microfilm of correspondence 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 177 
 
 and other papers, 1861-65, that were owned by Col. Thomas Spencer of 
 Atlanta, Ga. The collection includes incoming and outgoing correspondence, 
 orders, reports, requisitions, and other papers relating to Stout's services 
 as surgeon at the Gordon Hospital in Nashville, post surgeon in Chattanooga, 
 and Medical Director of Hospitals of the Army of Tennessee. A register 
 of surgeons, 1862-65, containing service records, has an alphabetical name 
 index. Other S. H. ikout papers, 1861-65 (microfilm), in Emory Universi¬ 
 ty Library were obtained from W. E. Thomas of Medford, Oreg., who had 
 purchased the original papers from Mrs. Katherine Stout Moore. 
 
 Records of Other Medical Directors . Records of only a few other medical 
 directors have been found. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Two records concern hospitals in North Caro¬ 
 lina where Surgeons Edward N. Covey and Peter E. Hines served succes¬ 
 sively during 1863-65 as medical directors of general hospitals at Raleigh. 
 Statistical reports concerning hospital patients and attendants, 1863-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 280), include the following: (1) consolidated weekly reports, 
 Apr. 1863-Mar. 1865; (2) record of discharges on surgeons' certificate and 
 deaths, Apr. 1863-Mar. 1865; (3) consolidated monthly reports of sick and 
 wounded men, Apr. 1863-Feb. 1865; (4)'return of hospital stewards, Nov. 
 1863-Feb. 1865; and (5) returns of medical officers of the Regular Army 
 and contract physicians, Apr. 1863-Feb. 1865. The first and third sections 
 of the foregoing record are statistics only; the second and fourth give ad¬ 
 ditional information about individuals. Lists of sick and wounded patients 
 and attendants in Mobile hospitals, 1863-64 (1 vol.), give information about 
 individuals for the Nott, LeVert, Ross, Canty, Moore, and Miller Hospi¬ 
 tals. Surg. Frank A. Ross was the medical director in Mobile in 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. --In the Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library is a correspondence and order book of the Medical Director 
 of the Western Department, Jan. 10, 1862-Feb. 3, 1864. Surgeons David 
 W. Yandell and Andrew J. Foard served as Medical Directors of the West¬ 
 ern Department at different places in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. 
 
 A volume of copies of letters and orders sent and received by Surgeon 
 Foard, June 25-Dec. 24, 1862 (1 vol.), with a return of medical officers on 
 duty in the hospital at Tullahoma, Tenn., is in the Stout collection in the 
 University of Texas Library, Texas Archives. 
 
 Several officers served as medical director of the Army of the 
 Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia. Surg. Thomas H. Williams 
 filled the position from June 1861; he was followed briefly by Surg. David C. 
 De Leon. Surg. Lafayette Guild was assigned in June 1862 and continued 
 until the end of the war. Letters-sent books, Sept. 22, 1861-May 18, 1862 
 (ch. VI, vols. 367 and 460), contain fair copies of letters sent by Surgeon Willi¬ 
 ams to the Surgeon General, surgeons in charge of hospitals, regimental sur¬ 
 geons, acting surgeons, Army officers, and others. Orders and circulars re¬ 
 ceived and issued, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 368), contain copies of special orders, 
 general orders, and circulars issued, Nov. 30, 1861-Dec. 15, 1862, and special 
 orders, general orders, and circulars received from the Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General, the Surgeon General, and Headquarters Army of the Poto¬ 
 mac, Nov. 7, 1861-Dec. 20, 1862. A register of assignments of medical 
 officers, Aug. 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 147), shows the assignments of 
 surgeons and assistant surgeons to regiments. Lists of brigade and hos¬ 
 pital surgeons are in the back of this volume. Lafayette Guild's letters-sent 
 books, June 28, 1862-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 641 and 642) contain fair 
 copies of letters to the Surgeon General and to medical and other officers. 
 
178 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 and to John Enders, chairman of the Committee for Our Wounded (better 
 known as the Richmond Ambulance Committee), which transported wounded 
 soldiers from battlefields to interior hospitals. Index record cards em¬ 
 bodying personal information derived from most of the foregoing records 
 are in the compiled military service records described in chapter XI of 
 this Guide . 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -An order book, 1861, of Surg. Thomas 
 H. Williams in the Schenectady County Historical Society collections, 
 Schenectady, N. Y., contains orders issued from his office at Manassas 
 Junction and general and special orders received from Richmond. Surg. 
 Hunter H. McGuire served as Medical Director of the 2d Corps of the Val¬ 
 ley District during 1861-65. McGuire's papers. May 1861-Oct. 1862, in the 
 Confederate Museum include returns, reports, and registers; and other 
 papers are in the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 Medical Purveyors 
 
 Early in the war the Surgeon General appointed medical purveyors 
 to procure and distribute medical and hospital supplies. AIGO Special 
 Order 79 of Apr. 7, 1862, directed medical purveyors to obey instructions 
 of Surg. Edward W. Johns, the medical purveyors in Richmond, regarding 
 the distribution of medical supplies. For nearly a year Surgeon Johns 
 functioned as Chief Medical Purveyor, but on Feb. 25, 1863, the Surgeon 
 General resumed direct authority (AIGO General Order 23). A circular 
 issued by the Chief Medical Purveyor on Apr. 12, 1862, was addressed to 
 medical purveyors in charge of depots at Richmond, Charlotte, Charleston, 
 Savannah, Atlanta, Montgomery, Jackson, New Orleans, and San Antonio 
 and to field purveyors in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, 
 and Alabama. Field purveyors were responsible for furnishing supplies to 
 the Army commands to which they were attached, and they drew on the de¬ 
 pots for that purpose. Medical purveyors also served at other points in¬ 
 cluding Demopolis and Mobile, Ala.; Lake City, Quincy, and Tallahassee, 
 Fla.; Macon, Ga.; Wilmington, N. C.; Columbia, S. C.; Chattanooga and 
 Memphis, Tenn.; Fredericksburg, Petersburg, and Winchester, Va.; and 
 Houston, Tex. 
 
 Medical purveyors were concerned also with the manufacture of 
 medicines and other supplies. They had charge of pharmaceutical labora¬ 
 tories at Atlanta, Macon, Columbia, Charleston, Charlotte, Lincolnton, 
 Montgomery, Mobile, Tyler, Arkadelphia, Little Rock, and Richmond and 
 of distilleries at Charlotte, Macon, and Salisbury. They supervised the 
 collection of indigenous herbs, roots, and barks for the manufacture of 
 medicines. The supply of medicines and surgical instruments derived from 
 home manufacture was augmented by importations from Europe and from 
 the United States in exchange for cotton. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Records of a number of medical purveyors are 
 in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. A record of 
 requisitions for hospital supplies made on the purveyor’s depot at Macon, 
 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 567, 569, 571, 574, and 575), shows the name and 
 organization of the surgeon making the requisition and the kinds and quan¬ 
 tities of articles requisitioned. A record of requisitions for medical and 
 hospital supplies. Sept. 2, 1864-Apr. 17, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 630-632), 
 contains similar information. For the same place there are invoices of 
 hospital supplies issued, Apr. 4, 1863-Aug. 10, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 570, 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 179 
 
 578, and 579); inventories of packages shipped and medicines on hand, June 
 21, 1862-Sept. 1, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 565), and in the same volume a list of 
 remedies on hand, July 31, 1863-May 31, 1864; an inventory of medical and 
 hospital supplies on hand, June 25-Oct. 29, Dec. 25, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 622); an inventory of medical and hospital supplies on hand and expended, 
 
 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 622); undated inventories of hospital supplies (ch. VI, 
 vols. 568 and 598); a record of hospital and medical supplies, 1864 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 581); and an inventory of medical and hospital supplies, Jan. 25, 1863- 
 Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 176). These records show kinds and quantities 
 of supplies. A record of whiskey and alcohol received, Feb. 16-Apr. 1, 
 
 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 626), gives the names of firms, the quantities received, 
 and the dates of receipt. Accounts books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 296, 623, 
 and 632 1/2), contain a chronological record of expenditures for hospital 
 and medical supplies and services, showing the date, person or firm paid, 
 and the amount paid. 
 
 There are records of Surg. E. W. Johns, who continued as medical 
 purveyor at Richmond until 1865. A record of medical and hospital supplies 
 issued and received, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 577), shows kinds and quantities 
 of articles. In this volume are letters from Surgeon Johns to Surg. J. M. 
 Holloway, Winder Hospital, May 10 and 12, 1862. A record of whiskey and 
 other supplies received and issued, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 656), and a record 
 of clothing, bedding, and linens issued to hospitals, Jan. - Aug. 1863 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 636 1 / 2 ), show kinds and quantities of articles. 
 
 The medical purveyor at Savannah was Surg. William H. Prioleau. 
 For the office at that place there are a file of letters, telegrams, orders, 
 and circulars received. Mar. 18-June 30, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 6), abstracts 
 of medical and hospital supplies received, June 30, 1862-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 580), and abstracts of medical and hospital supplies issued, 1862- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 621). A cashbook of Medical Purveyor William H. Prio¬ 
 leau, Apr. 12, 1863-Feb. 23, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 633), shows amounts re¬ 
 ceived by Treasury drafts and expenditures with name of person or firm 
 paid, voucher number, and amount paid. In this book there are also 
 accounts for expenditures for alcoholic stimulants, July 23, 1863-Mar. 31, 
 1864, hospital clothing, July 29-30, 1863, and contract physicians, June 10, 
 1863-Mar. 7, 1864. 
 
 The medical purveyor’s office of the Western Department, to which 
 Surg. Richard Potts was appointed in Dec. 1861, was located at different 
 places in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Its records in¬ 
 clude press copies of letters sent from Macon and Montgomery, Nov. 18, 
 1863-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 629); accounts of medical and hospital sup¬ 
 plies purchased, Oct. 1861-July 1862 (ch. VI, vols. 611 and 613); abstracts 
 of medical and hospital supplies issued, Aug. 1861-Mar. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 
 576); a record of supplies furnished. Sept. 5, 1861-Mar. 26, 1862 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 636); and mess accounts, June-Aug. 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 620). Accounts 
 of medical and hospital supplies issued and purchased, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 
 624), contain the following; abstracts of supplies issued, June-Sept. 1861; 
 accounts of supplies, equipment, and tools purchased. Sept. - Oct. 1861; 
 drayage account, Aug. -Sept. 1861; articles purchased for cash, Aug. -Oct. 
 1861; a list of articles broken and lost; a postage account, June 1861-Mar. 
 1862; and a telegraph account, Aug. 1861-Mar. 1862. 
 
 Records are available for the offices of two other purveyors. A 
 file of letters, telegrams, orders, and circulars received and sent by Surg. 
 George S. Blackie at Atlanta, Nov. 20, 1862-Aug. 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 750), 
 
180 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 contains communications with the Surgeon General, Chief Purveyor E. W. 
 Johns, Edward A. Flewellen (Medical Director of the Army of Tennessee), 
 other medical purveyors, hospital surgeons. Army officers, and business 
 firms. For the medical purveyor of the Army of Northern Virginia (Surg. 
 W. H. Geddings) there is an undated receipt roll of cloth issued to medical 
 officers (ch. VI, vol, 143). 
 
 Records in Other Custody. --The papers of Surg. J. E. A. Davidson, 
 medical purveyor at Quincy, Fla., in the P. K. Yonge Library of Florida 
 History of the University of Florida contain some wartime correspondence 
 with the Surgeon General. Surg. James K. Hall's inspection report of Sept. 
 2, 1864, on the depot at Demopolis, Ala., is in the Southern Historical 
 Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Hospitals 
 
 An act of Sept. 27, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 64), provided that 
 hospitals were to be numbered as hospitals of particular States and that 
 whenever possible sick and wounded soldiers were to be sent to hospitals 
 representing their States. Many sick and wounded men from camps and 
 battlefields were transported, however, to general hospitals in towns and 
 cities where admission was not restricted to soldiers from particular mili¬ 
 tary units. An act of May 1, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 162), authorized 
 the establishment of way hospitals along railroad routes to care for sick 
 and wounded soldiers who had been furloughed or discharged. Officers of 
 both the Army and the Navy were eligible for treatment in any hospital. 
 Personnel employed in hospitals under various acts of Congress included 
 hospital stewards, nurses, cooks, laundresses, and matrons. Soldiers 
 were detailed to hospitals for work as nurses, pharmacists, and other duty. 
 
 An act of May 1, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 153), provided for the 
 formation of boards of examiners for hospitals to determine the eligibility 
 of sick, wounded, and disabled soldiers for furlough or discharge. Such 
 boards, as organized by the surgeons in charge of hospitals, were to visit 
 the hospitals and examine applicants for furloughs and discharges; they 
 could grant furloughs of not more than 60 days and could recommend dis¬ 
 charges. 
 
 Hospitals kept the similar records on forms prescribed by the Reg ¬ 
 ulations for the Medical Department of 1861 and 1863. Since these records 
 were uniform in content, they are described here and will be referred to 
 below in connection with individual hospitals only by title. Registers of 
 patients show the patient's name, rank, organization, complaint, date ad¬ 
 mitted, and disposition made. The prescription book shows the date, pa¬ 
 tient's name, complaint, and daily medication; a diet book on the same form 
 prescribed the daily diet. Case books contain information on the treatment 
 given to individual patients with description of disease or wound, history of 
 the case, and results of treatment. Hospitals sometimes kept registers of 
 deaths and personal effects. Morning reports of sick and wounded men 
 contain statistical information on the number of men present and the number 
 returned to duty, transferred, furloughed, discharged, deserted, and de¬ 
 ceased. Similar information is in weekly statistical reports of sick and 
 wounded men, which also denote the patients living in private quarters. 
 
 The information concerning described below was abstracted on 
 individuals in the hospital records index record cards filed in the 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 181 
 
 compiled military service records 
 of Confederate soldiers. These 
 records and the compiled military 
 service records of general and staff 
 officers, which contain files for the 
 surgeons who were attached to hos¬ 
 pitals in addition to those who served 
 with the Army commands, are 
 described in chapter XI of this 
 Guide . In some instances, signifi¬ 
 cant documents relating to the estab¬ 
 lishment and operation of hospitals 
 are filed in these compiled records. 
 There were many hospitals for which 
 
 no records have been found. Lists 
 prepared by the U. S. War Depart¬ 
 ment of hospitals (one by local names 
 of hospitals and another by place 
 names) are in Record Group 109. 
 
 Records of other military hos¬ 
 pitals are described in this chapter 
 under Office of the Commissary Gen¬ 
 eral of Prisoners and Territorial 
 Commands and Armies. 
 
 W. J. Donald, ’’Alabama Con¬ 
 federate Hospitals,” Alabama Review, 
 15:271-281 (Oct. 1962), 16:64-78 (Jan. 
 1963). 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Fort Morgan Hospital 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records include a register of patients, Feb. 
 3, 1863-Aug. 21, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 3), and a miscellaneous record book, 
 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 5), containing rolls of hospital personnel, 1862-64, 
 a wash list, 1862-63, statistical morning reports of patients, 1863-64, re¬ 
 ceipts and invoices of medical supplies, 1862, and copies of letters sent, 
 1862. 
 
 General Hospital (Marion) 
 
 George V. Irons, ’’Howard Hospital, ” Alabama Review, 9:22- 
 College as a Confederate Military 32 (Jan. 1956). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A prescription book, Aug. 1863-Dec. 
 1864, is in Howard College Library. 
 
 Engineer Hospital (Mobile) 
 
 Record Group 109. --Register of patients, Jan. 13, 1864-Apr. 25, 
 
 1865 (ch. HI, vol. 20), including slaves and Federal Negro prisoners. 
 
 Ross General Hospital (Mobile) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records include a register of patients. Sept. 1, 
 1863-Apr. 12, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 2); an account of clothing and equipment of 
 patients. Mar. 1-30, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 1); requisitions for medical supplies, 
 
 July 1861-Nov. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 536); a daily record of the receipt and issue of 
 hospital stores, Jan. 1-Apr. 8, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 555); and diet books. Sept. 
 14, 1863-Apr. 25, 1864, Jan.-Mar. 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 592 and 139). 
 
 Wayside Hospital (Montgomery) 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--A register of patients, Jan. 1864-Apr. 
 1865 (3 vols.), is with the Texas Archives at the University of Texas Li¬ 
 brary (S. H. Stout collection). 
 
182 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General Hospital (Shelby Springs) 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records include letters, orders, and circu¬ 
 lars received, Feb. 28, 1864-May 10, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 462); and a pre¬ 
 scription book, Apr. 4-Nov. 24, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 643, p. 61-201). 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Rock Hotel Hospital (Little Rock) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records include letters and orders sent and 
 received and receipts for deceased soldiers’ effects, Dec. 1862-May 1863 
 (ch. VI, vol. 695), and a register of patients, Nov. 14, 1862-June 3, 1863 
 (ch. VI, vol. 721). 
 
 Florida 
 
 Camp Simkins Hospital 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Reports, 1863-64, are in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library. 
 
 General Hospital (Lake City) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A case book. Mar, 1864-Jan. 1865, an 
 account book. Mar. 1864-May 1865, and a medical furlough book, July 2- 
 Oct. 22, 1864, are in the Confederate Museum at Richmond. 
 
 General Hospital (Pensacola) 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--Correspondence, orders, and reports, 
 Apr. 1861-Jan. 1862 (photostats), are in the P. K. Yonge Library of the 
 University of Florida. 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Military Prison Hospital (Andersonville) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Correspondence and orders, Oct. 29, 
 1864-Apr. 13, 1865 (microfilm from S. H. Stout papers), are in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. A 
 manuscript volume incorporating the results of investigations in 1864 by 
 Surg. Joseph Jones at the Andersonville Military Prison Hospital on gan¬ 
 grene, malarial fevers, diarrhea, and dysentery is in the Department of 
 Archives of Louisiana State University. In the same repository are Surgeon 
 Jones' diary. Sept. 17-22, 1864, containing descriptive matter regarding 
 Andersonville and information on autopsies of Federal prisoners, a scrap¬ 
 book of official documents, 1861-65, and other papers concerning his studies 
 on Confederate medical history. 
 
 Other records of this hospital Commissary General of Prisoners, 
 are described in this chapter under 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 183 
 
 Fairground Hospital No. 1 (Atlanta ) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Letters and orders received, May 17, 
 1864-Mar. 17, 1865 (1 vol.), a register of patients, Aug. 22, 1862-Mar. 31, 
 1863, Apr. 1, 1863-June 24, 1864, and Sept. 22, 1863-Mar. 29, 1865 (3 
 vols.), and a baggage register, 1863-64 (1 vol.), are in the Texas Archives 
 in the University of Texas Library (S. H. Stout collection). 
 
 Fairground Hospital No. 2 (Atlanta) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The Stout collection contains for this 
 hospital a register of patients. Sept. 1, 1862-May 26, 1864 (2 vols.), a 
 register of patients, Feb. 15-Sept. 22, 1863 (1 vol.), and a miscellaneous 
 record book, Feb. 1863-Dec. 1864 (2 vols.). An order book, Aug. 1862- 
 Aug. 1864, is in the Robert Battey papers in the William P. Palmer collec¬ 
 tion in the Western Reserve Historical Society. 
 
 General Hospital (Atlanta) 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--Letters and orders sent and received by 
 Surg. John P. Logan, Aug. 14, 1862-Mar. 17, 1864, Jan. 2-Nov. 1, 1864 
 (2 vols.), are in the S. H. Stout collection with the Texas Archives at the 
 University of Texas Library.. Order books of Surgeon Logan, Aug. 1862- 
 Feb. 1863, July-Oct. 1863 (2 vols.), are in the W. P. Palmer collection 
 in the Western Reserve Historical Society. 
 
 Receiving and Distributing Hospital (Atlanta) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Records of this hospital are in the S. H. 
 Stout collection with the Texas Archives at the University of Texas Library. 
 They include letters and orders received. May 16-July 22, 1863, and May 
 14-Oct. 16, 1864 (3 vols.), a register of patients, Nov. 1863-June 1864 (3 
 vols.), a list of sick and wounded received, Dec. 15, 1863-Feb. 23, 1864 
 (1 vol.), and a miscellaneous record book, Aug. 1863-May 1864. 
 
 Walker General Hospital (Columbus ) 
 
 Record Group 109 . - -Letters, orders, and circulars sent and re¬ 
 ceived, Aug. 15, 1863-Apr. 22, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 763). 
 
 Hood Hospital (Cuthbert) 
 
 Record Group 109. --Report on wounded men, Jan.-Mar. 1865 (ch. VI, 
 part of vol. 663). 
 
 Post Hospital (Dalton ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Register of patients, July 29, 1862-Jan. 30, 1863 
 (ch. VI, vol. 292). 
 
184 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 St. Mary’s Hospital (Dalton) 
 
 In 1863 this hospital was moved to La Grange and in 1864 was located 
 successively at Union Springs, Ala. (Aug. 17), Meridian, Miss. (Nov, 5), 
 and West Point, Miss. (Dec. 4). Other records of this hospital are de¬ 
 scribed under West Point. 
 
 Record Group 109. --A miscellaneous record book, 1862-63 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 4). Other records include letters, orders, and circulars received, 
 Nov. 5, 1863-Nov. 5, 1864, and Dec. 4-19, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 746 and 
 551), and accounts of medical and hospital supplies, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 
 542). 
 
 Hospitals (Dalton) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A medical examining board record relating to 
 patients in Dalton hospitals, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 543). 
 
 Fort Gaines Hospital (Ga.) 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--Papers of Surg. James M. Gaston, who 
 helped to establish this hospital, are in the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Empire Hospital (Macon) 
 
 Originally located at Atlanta, this hospital was moved from Macon in 
 
 1864 and located successively thereafter at Tuscumbia, Corinth, Meridian, 
 and Opelika. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -An order and letter book of the surgeon 
 in charge (William P. Harden), Jan. 1863-Apr. 1865, was recently in the 
 hands of a grandson (Cunningham, Doctors in Gray , p. 297). 
 
 Ocmulgee Hospital (Macon) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of this hospital were presented to the 
 War Department in 1908 by Dr. Stanford E. Chaill^, who had been the sur¬ 
 geon in charge during the war. They include letters, orders, and circulars 
 sent and received, July 24, 1863-Apr. 30, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 757), orders 
 and circulars received, Apr. 30, 1862-Oct. 31, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 758), 
 regulations and orders relating to records, Jan.-Mar. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 760), regulations for the guidance of personnel, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 759), 
 register of patients. Sept. 23-Dec. 18, 1863, and Jan. 21, 1864-Apr. 30, 
 
 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 751 and 752), reports on surgical cases. Mar.-Dec. 
 
 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 754-756), account book of the hospital fund, Jan. 1864- 
 Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 762), and a medical examining board record for 
 Floyd House Hospital and Ocmulgee Hospital, Jan. 1, 1864-Apr. 4, 1865 
 (ch. VI, vols. 751 and 753). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In Emory University Library are reports 
 on surgical cases, Feb. 1863-Mar. 1865, and a miscellaneous record book, 
 Feb. 1864-Apr. 1865. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 185 
 
 May Hospital (Madison) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A medical board record, July 1864-May 
 1865 (microfilm), is in the Georgia Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Foard Hospital (Marietta) 
 
 Records in Other Custody. --Registers of patients, including a gener¬ 
 al register, Oct. -Nov. 1863, are in the S. H. Stout collection with the 
 Texas Archives at the University of Texas Library. 
 
 General Hospital No. 1 (Savannah) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records include letters sent and letters, 
 orders, and circulars received. Mar. 6, 1862-Aug. 27, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 
 648); and a letter, report, and account book, Jan. 24, 1863-Mar. 7, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 647), containing press copies of outgoing letters, statistical 
 reports on patients, and accounts of the hospital fund. 
 
 Hospital (Tunnel Hill) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A register of patients. May-Aug. 1863 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 663, p. 124-161), with a record of surgical cases. 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Hospital (Bowling Green) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Oct. 22, 1861-Feb. 5, 
 
 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 295A). 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 General Hospital (Shreveport ) 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records include orders, circulars, and let¬ 
 ters received, Oct. 29, 1863-Apr. 29, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 296 1/2), includ¬ 
 ing requisitions for medical and hospital supplies, Aug. 8-Dec. 2, 1865, 
 a list of detailed men, 1864-65, and a register of patients, Jan. 1, 1864- 
 June 12, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 297). 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Hospital (Brooksville) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Letters and orders sent and received, 
 July 8-Aug. 16, 1862(1 vol.), are in the S.H. Stout collection with the Texas 
 Archives at the University of Texas Library. 
 
 Hospital of the 1st Mississippi Regiment (Jackson ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Register of patients, Jan. 6, 1863-May 6, 1865 
 (ch. VI, vol. 298). 
 
186 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General Hospital (Lauderdale Springs) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A prescription book, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 643, 
 
 p. i-6oy:^ 
 
 Records in Other Custody .--An order book, 1862-64, is in the Min¬ 
 nesota Historical Society. 
 
 Way Hospital (Meridian ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Jan. 7-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 665, p. 7-360). 
 
 Yandell Hospital (Meridian ) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, Apr. 1-12, 1865 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 665, p. 361-406). 
 
 University Hospital (Oxford) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients. Mar. 17-Apr. 8, 1862 
 (ch. VI, vol. 298, p. 2-51). 
 
 St. Mary’s Hospital (West Point) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, June 14, 1864-Mar. 11, 
 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 274), and a steward’s record of commissary supplies 
 received and issued, Oct. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 552). 
 
 Territory of New Mexico 
 
 General Hospital (Doha Ana) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A prescription book, Oct. 13, 1861-Feb. 7, 1862 
 (ch. VI, vol. 556, p. 22-53). 
 
 Hospital (Fort Fillmore) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A prescription book, Aug. 1-Oct. 12, 1861 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 556, p. 1-20). 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 General Hospital No. 11 (Charlotte) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients. May 15, 1864-Apr. 28, 
 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 281). 
 
 Fort Fisher Hospital 
 
 Record Group 109.--Morning reports of patients, Dec. 1, 1863-Aug. 
 31, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 400). 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 187 
 
 College Hospital (Goldsboro) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -An undated list of men to be detailed as nurses 
 (ch. VI, vol. 659). 
 
 General Hospital No. 3 (Goldsboro ) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Letters received and sent, Mar. 8-Oct. 20, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 137). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library are correspondence and orders of 
 William A. Holt, the surgeon in charge of this hospital after Mar. 12, 1864. 
 
 General Hospital No. 3 (Greensboro) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Jan. 1-Mar. 20, 1865 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 291). 
 
 Wayside Hospital (High Point ) 
 
 This hospital opened in the Barbee Hotel on Sept. 1, 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library has a register of patients. Sept. 
 1863-Mar. 1865 (1 vol., microfilm), that includes a register of deaths. 
 
 Mar. -May 1865. 
 
 General Hospital No. 7 (Raleigh) 
 
 Originally opened in 1861 by the State of North Carolina as a general 
 hospital, this hospital was transferred in the next year to the Confederacy. 
 
 It was known also as the Fairground Hospital and, apparently, as the Bap¬ 
 tist Grove Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Reports on surgical cases (ch. VI, vol. 526) 
 concern treatment given during 1863-65 at both General Hospital No. 7 and 
 Pettigrew Hospital. A miscellaneous record book (ch. VI, vol. 523) contains 
 weekly statistical reports of patients and attendants, Aug. -Dec. 1863, re¬ 
 ceipts for clothing issued to patients, Aug. 1863-June 1864, and quarterly 
 returns of clothing, camp, and garrison equipage received and issued, Dec. 
 31, 1863, and Mar. 31, 1864. A record of the disposition of cases in Gen¬ 
 eral Hospitals Nos. 7 and 13, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vol. 395), contains a record 
 of discharges and deaths. May 6, 1861-Apr. 26, 1864, and a record of 
 patients returned to duty, furloughed, transferred, deserted, and deceased. 
 May 21, 1864-Mar. 23, 1865. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Records that were kept by Edmund B. 
 Haywood, the surgeon in charge of this hospital, are in the Southern His¬ 
 torical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. They in¬ 
 clude letters sent and letters and orders received, June 25, 1863-May 20, 
 1864 (part of a vol.); a register of patients, Nov. 1, 1861-July 1862 (part of 
 a vol.); a prescription and diet book, Dec. 1861-Oct. 1863 (2 vols.); and an 
 account book, Dec. 1861-June 1864. Other papers, 1861-65, of Surgeon 
 Haywood include correspondence, orders, circulars, accounts, requisitions, 
 and other official documents. 
 
188 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General Hospital No. 13 (Raleigh) 
 
 Construction of this hospital was begun in 1863. Personnel were 
 transferred from General Hospital No. 7 in June 1864. It was known also 
 as Pettigrew Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records include special orders sent and or¬ 
 ders and circulars received, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 394), consisting chiefly 
 of orders issued by Surg. E. B. Haywood; a register of patients, June 1864- 
 Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 224 and 290); a case book of wounded patients, 
 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 287 and 397); receipts for clothing issued to soldiers, 
 June 26, 1864-Apr. 10, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 523, p. 188-195); requisitions for 
 and returns of medical and hospital supplies, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 524); 
 a record of hospital supplies issued to wards, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 396 1 2); 
 a baggage register, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 396); and miscellaneous record 
 books, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 525, 288, and 289). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Records of this hospital are also in the 
 Haywood collection in the Southern Historical Collection at the University 
 of North Carolina Library. They include letters, orders, and circulars 
 sent and received, June 8, 1864-Apr. 8, 1865 (part of a vol.); provision 
 accounts, Jan. 2-Apr. 1865 (1 vol.); and a volume labeled "Provision Re¬ 
 turns, Milk Acct. and Contingent Fund, " June 1864-Apr. 1865, containing 
 also requisitions for funds, records of employees, and a record of provi¬ 
 sions and other materials contributed to the hospital. 
 
 Military Prison Hospital (Salisbury) 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records include letters, orders, and circu¬ 
 lars sent and received. May 1, 1864-Mar. 22, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 35); and 
 accounts current of the hospital fund, Apr. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 398). 
 
 General Hospital No. 4 (Wilmington) 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records of this hospital include a letters- 
 sent book. Sept. 12, 1863-Feb. 19, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 399), containing fair 
 copies of letters signed by Thomas R. Micks, surgeon in charge; letters, 
 telegrams, and orders received. Sept. 5, 1863-Feb. 19, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 401); reports of the officer of the day, Oct. 16, 1863-May 10, 1864 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 402), concerning conditions at the hospital; a register of patients, Feb. 
 3, 1862-Feb. 19, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 282, 285, and 286); a register of 
 patients, Jan. 1, 1863-Jan. 13, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 278 and 244 1/2); a 
 register of deaths and reports on deaths, June 1864-Feb. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 284), containing also a list of money received from men. May 5-July 2, 
 
 1864, and a record of clothing drawn, Aug. 1864-Feb. 1865; record of trans¬ 
 fers of patients to other hospitals, Jan.-Feb. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 277), with 
 a record of money received from patients. Sept. -Dec. 1863, and from de¬ 
 ceased soldiers, Dec. 1864-Mar. 1865; reports of sick and wounded men 
 and register of deaths, Jan. 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 279), with statis¬ 
 tical statements of gunshot wounds and operations and reports of vaccina¬ 
 tions; morning reports of sick and wounded, Apr. 1, 1864-Dec. 31, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 404, p. 90-290); case books, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vols. 446 and 447); 
 and copies of vouchers for supplies and services purchased, June 8-Aug. 
 
 21, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 283). The following records are for General Hospitals 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 189 
 
 Nos. 4 and 5: account book, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 404), charges, 1863-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 527), medical examining board record. Sept. 1, i864-Feb. 
 16, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 528), and letters sent and received by the medical 
 examining board, Feb. 26, 1864-Feb. 17, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 403). 
 
 Military Prison Hospital (Wilmington) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A list of Confederate prisoners. Mar. 
 1865, is in the University of Virginia Library (William C. Rives papers). 
 
 General Hospital No. 2 (Wilson ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Letters, orders, and circulars received, Jan. 
 13, 1864-Mar. 1, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 415). 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 First Louisiana Hospital (Charleston ) 
 
 The Wayside Hospital at Charleston became on Jan. 13, 1864, the 
 First Louisiana Hospital and was used as a receiving, distributing, and 
 transfer hospital. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Records in the South Carolina Archives 
 Department at Columbia include letters sent and letters and orders re¬ 
 ceived, Dec. 14, 1863-Sept. 5, 1864 (1 vol.); registers of patients, July 
 
 1862- Feb. 1865 (2 vols.); prescription and diet book, Jan. 1864-Aug. 1864 
 (3 vols.); inventory and appraisement of effects of deceased soldiers, Nov. 
 
 1863- Feb. 1865 (1 vol.), with a list of deceased soldiers, Mar. 7-Dec. 30, 
 1863; account book of expenditures for provisions, materials, and medicine, 
 June 1, 1863-Feb. 22, 1865 (1 vol.); and a miscellaneous record book, Jan. 
 1863-July 1864 (1 vol.). 
 
 Soldiers* Relief Hospital (Charleston) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Letters received. Sept. 26, 1864-May 
 10, 1865 (6 items), are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University 
 of South Carolina. 
 
 Second North Carolina Hospital (Columbia) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A volume of letters sent and letters, or¬ 
 ders, and circulars received, Aug. 15, 1863-Feb. 15, 1865, is in the South 
 Carolina Archives Department. 
 
 Wayside Hospital (Columbia) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --An account book, 1862-65, is in the 
 South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina. 
 
190 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Foard Hospital (Chattanooga) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A register of patients, Nov. 2, 1861- 
 Mar. 15, 1863 (1 vol.), is in the Texas Archives at the University of Texas 
 Library (S. H. Stout collection). 
 
 Newsom Hospital (Chattanooga) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the University of Texas Library is a 
 register of patients, July 26, 1862-July 14, 1863 (4 vols.). The register 
 for Dec. 1, 1862-Jan. 8, 1863, includes a list of sick and wounded Federal 
 prisoners received. 
 
 Smallpox Hospital (Chattanooga) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Orders and circulars received. May 22-Aug. 15, 
 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 274, p. 3-18). 
 
 Overton General Hospital (Memphis ) 
 
 Record Group 109. --Register of patients, Dec. 31, 1861-Mar. 31, 
 
 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 9 1/2), with a register of deaths, Mar. 3-31, 1862. 
 
 Southern Mothers Hospital (Memphis ) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Undated inventory of furniture (ch. VI, vol. 274, 
 p. 27), with an undated memorandum regarding the hospital buildings and 
 a roll of the sick men at the State Hospital, Jan. 31, 1862 (p. 25). 
 
 Texas 
 
 General Hospital (El Paso) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Apr. 5-July 16, 1862 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 417 1/2, p. 20-23). 
 
 General Hospital (Franklin ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Apr. 5-June 30, 1862 
 (ch. Vl7 vol. 417 1/2, p. 8-18). 
 
 General Hospital (Galveston) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, Sept. 13-Nov. 28, 1861 
 (ch. VI, vol. 275, p. 1-25); and a return of wounded men admitted, Jan. 1, 
 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 276). 
 
 General Hospital (Houston) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, Dec. 1, 1861-Jan. 4, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 275, p. 28-195, 200-205); and a miscellaneous record book. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 191 
 
 1861-65 (ch. VI, vol. 276), containing requisitions for medical and hospital 
 supplies, 1862-64, returns of medical and hospital property, 1861-65, and 
 statistical reports of sick and wounded men, 1862-65. 
 
 13th Regiment, Texas Infantry, Hospital (Velasco) 
 
 This was the hospital of Lt. Col. Joseph Bates’ regiment of Texas 
 volunteers organized as the 4th Regiment, Texas Infantry, becoming later 
 the 13th Regiment, Texas Infantry. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A register of patients, Dec. 1861-Oct. 1864 (ch. 
 VI, vols. 480-482); and a record of rations drawn and required, May 1862- 
 May 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 637), with memoranda regarding stores issued to 
 hospital attendants. May 1862-Dec. 1864. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Hospital of the 4th Regiment, Georgia Infantry (Camp Jackson, near Ports ¬ 
 mouth) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, July 1861-May 1862 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 294), with a register of deaths. May 1861-Apr. 1862, and a record 
 of discharges, Oct. 1861-Nov. 1861. 
 
 Delevan Hospital (Charlottesville) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A case book, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 649, p. 46-51). 
 General Hospital (Charlottesville) 
 
 Established in July 1861 in buildings of the University of Virginia. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records presented to the War Department in 
 1877 by Dr. James L. Cabell, who had been the surgeon in charge of the 
 hospital, include a register of patients, July 22, 1861-Aug. 2, 1865 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 214 and 215), with an alphabetical name index (ch. VI, vol. 216). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Duke University Library has a press 
 copy book of letters sent by Surgeon Cabell, Sept. 15, 1861-Apr. 25, 1862; 
 a register of patients, Jan. 1862-May 20, 1865; a descriptive list and 
 account of pay and clothing of hospital personnel, 1862-64; accounts of sup¬ 
 plies, equipment, tools, and services purchased, Aug. 28-Dec. 4, 1861; 
 and invoices of medicines purchased and issued, Nov. 15, 1862-July 20, 
 1863. The Department of Archives of Louisiana State University (Joseph 
 J. Jones papers) has a letters-sent book of Surgeon Cabell, Mar. 20, 1863- 
 Apr. 8, 1865 (1 vol.). The Louisiana State Museum Library at New Orleans 
 has letters sent and letters and orders received by Division 2 of the Gen¬ 
 eral Hospital, Jan. 16, 1863-Feb. 3, 1865 (1 vol.). 
 
 General Hospital (Culpeper Courthouse ) 
 
 Established in June 1861; discontinued in Mar. 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A miscellaneous record book. Sept.-Oct. 1862 
 (ch. VI, vol. 587), containing several brief records relating to supplies 
 and a register of deaths and effects; and an undated list of employees (ch. 
 VI, vol. 266, p. 69-70). 
 
192 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General Hospital (Danville) 
 
 Record Group 109. --Orders and circulars sent and received, Mar. 
 
 12, 1862-Apr. 7, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 436); a register of patients. May 1862- 
 Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 207, 209, and 660); a register of patients, 1864- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 212), including both Confederate and Union soldiers; reg¬ 
 ister of patients, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 512); lists of Confederate and Union 
 patients and employees, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 208); lists of patients, 1862- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 213); a register of deaths and effects, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 
 208 1/2); weekly statistical reports of patients and attendants, 1863-65 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 550); monthly and quarterly statistical reports of sick and wounded 
 men, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 511); and a register of deaths of Union soldiers. 
 General Hospital, Division 2, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 210). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Duke University Library has papers of 
 Surg. Jefferson H. De Votie, 1856-65, that concern in part the Confederate 
 hospitals at Danville. 
 
 General Hospital (Emory) 
 
 This hospital occupied buildings at Emory and Henry College. 
 Records in Other Custody . --The Confederate Museum has a register 
 of patients, Dec. 1862-Apr. 1865 (1 vol.). 
 
 General Hospital (Farmville) 
 
 Established in May 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The extensive records of this hospital include 
 letters sent and letters, orders, and circulars received. May 2, 1862-Mar. 
 22, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 546 and 513); a register of patients, July 1861-May 
 
 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 269), covering also the General Hospital at Orange Court¬ 
 house; a register of patients, Jan. 1, 1863-May 1, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 41, p. 
 7-382); a register of patients in ward no. 7, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 48); a 
 register of deaths and discharges, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 49); a record of 
 disposition of cases, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 43), with a list of attendants; a 
 list of patients returned to duty, furloughed, discharged, and deceased, 
 
 Dec. 1862-June 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 544), with a list of medical and hospital 
 supplies received and issued, July 1862-Dec. 1863, and a return of medical 
 and hospital property, June 30, 1863, reports on surgical cases, 1862 and 
 
 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 520 1/2 and 520); a medical examining board record, 
 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 520 1/2, 578, and 579); a register of patients retired 
 from service by the medical examining board, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 517); morning 
 reports of patients, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 393); morning reports of patients 
 and attendants, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 545); returns of hospital property, 1862- 
 65 (ch. VI, vols. 514-516); accounts of the hospital fund and record of cloth¬ 
 ing issued, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 522); a prescription book, 1863-65 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 40), with a register of patients, Dec. 1862-Aug. 1863, p. 157-162; 
 
 a clothing book, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 617); a miscellaneous record book, 
 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 42), containing a record of the disposition of cases, 
 a list of men in private quarters, a list of soldiers discharged on certifi¬ 
 cates of disability, and accounts for clothing furnished to soldiers; and 
 miscellaneous record books, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 235 and parts of vols. 
 
 513 and 546), containing lists of sick and wounded men in private quarters, 
 a list of Reserve Corps men referred to conscript board, a list of detailed 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 193 
 
 men, a list of applications for the retired list, a list of invoices of medi¬ 
 cines and supplies received, a list of free Negroes and slaves employed 
 and of other employees, returns of medical officers and stewards, and 
 regulations for the general hospital. The following records are of the 1st 
 Division of the General Hospital: letters sent and orders and circulars re¬ 
 ceived, Feb. 11-Sept. 26, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 45); orders received, June- 
 Dee. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 521); a register of patients in ward no. 1, Apr. 1865 
 (ch. VI, vol. 47); and a register of patients, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 46). 
 Records of the 2d Division include registers of patients, 1862-65 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 50 and 51), and a prescription and diet book, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 44). 
 
 A register of patients of the 3d Division, Sept. 1862-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 39), also contains a list of hospital attendants. 
 
 Wayside Hospital (Farmville) 
 
 Record Group 109.—Register of patients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 32, 
 p. 1-481: 
 
 General Hospital (Front Royal) 
 
 Established Sept. 1, 1861; discontinued Mar. 4, 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -A letters sent and letters and orders 
 received book. Sept. 10, 1861-Jan. 6, 1865, was presented to the Confeder¬ 
 ate Museum by Surg. Benjamin Blackford, who had charge of the hospital. 
 
 General Hospital (Gordonsville) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Confederate Museum has a register 
 of patients, June 1, 1863-May 5, 1864 (1 vol.). 
 
 Hospital (Hanover Junction ) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The University of Virginia Library has 
 a miscellaneous record book, June 30, 1863-Oct. 18, 1864 (1 vol.), contain¬ 
 ing an invoice of medical and hospital supplies issued to Samuel H. Moffett, 
 the surgeon in charge, inventories of clothing and money belonging to de¬ 
 ceased soldiers, returns of medical and hospital property, and returns of 
 quartermaster stores. 
 
 Fairview General Hospital (Lexington) 
 
 Record Group 109. —A diet book, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 549); and a 
 baggage register, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 262). 
 
 General Hospital (Liberty) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A letters sent and letters and orders 
 received book, Jan. 2, 1864-Mar. 2, 1865, is in the Confederate Museum. 
 
 A diary of Henry C. Sommerville, who was a steward and later a surgeon 
 at the Confederate hospitals at Liberty, Danville, and Lynchburg, is in the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. 
 
194 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 General Hospitals (Lynchburg) 
 
 General Hospital No. 1 was established at Lynchburg in May 1861; 
 Nos. 2 and 3, in Apr. 1862. These hospitals occupied tobacco factories, 
 warehouses, and fairground buildings. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Weekly reports of patients and attendants. Gen¬ 
 eral Hospitals Nos. 1-3, Camp Nicholls, Ladies Relief, Pratt, and Way 
 Hospitals at Lynchburg, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 724); and a miscellaneous 
 record book, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 529), containing statistical reports of 
 patients, attendants, diseases, and wounds, lists of deaths and discharged 
 men, and lists of medical officers and stewards. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A letters and orders sent and received 
 book for General Hospital No. 2, July 27, 1862-Apr. 7, 1865, is in the 
 Confederate Museum. Correspondence of Surg. George K. Turner, who 
 was attached to General Hospital No. 1 in 1863-64 and later served in the 
 field hospital at Kinston, N. C., is in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Hospital (Mount Jackson) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, June 1-2, 1862 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 266, p. 9-12). 
 
 General Hospital (Orange Courthouse) 
 
 Established on July 22, 1861; transferred to Farmville on Apr. 23, 
 
 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters sent and letters, orders, and circulars 
 received, Aug. 8, 1861-Apr. 23, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 546, p. 1-37); a regis¬ 
 ter of patients, July 1861-May 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 41, p. 1-6, vol. 269); a 
 register of patients. Mar. 4-Apr. 23, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 42, p. 109-114, 
 137-139); a record of disposition of cases, Oct. 10, 1861-Mar. 12, 1862 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 42, p. 2-9); and a list of medical and hospital supplies received 
 and issued, July 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 544, p. 1-13). 
 
 Confederate States Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Established on Mar. 27, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 109.- -Reports on surgical cases, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 272 1 / 2 ); and a baggage register, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 271 and 272). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Correspondence, casebooks, a register 
 of patients, an account book, reports, and orders of Surg. Warner L. Bay¬ 
 lor, who was attached to this hospital, are in the Virginia Historical Soci¬ 
 ety collections. Some correspondence of John H. Claiborne, who was sur¬ 
 geon in charge during 1862-63, is in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 General Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Established on Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A register of patients, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 265, 270, and 273); and morning reports of patients and attendants, 1863- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 554). 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 195 
 
 First North Carolina Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Established in Oct. 1861. 
 
 Records In Other Custody . —William and Mary College Library has 
 orders issued and orders and circulars received, Aug. 8, 1862-Sept. 4, 
 1863 (1 vol.). 
 
 Hoke's Division Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Confederate Museum has a miscel¬ 
 laneous record book, June 1863-Apr. 1865 (1 vol.), containing ration returns, 
 accounts current, a statement of the hospital fund, and copies of vouchers 
 for provisions. 
 
 Second North Carolina Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Established on Mar. 21, 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Southern Historical Collection in the 
 University of North Carolina Library has a prescription book, Aug. -Sept. 
 1864 (microfilm). Duke University Library has papers of John G. Brodnax, 
 surgeon in charge. 
 
 South Carolina Hospital (Petersburg) 
 
 Established on May 10, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Statistical reports of sick and wounded men, 
 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 264), with lists of discharged patients and deceased 
 patients; and a register of surgical cases, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 487). 
 
 Alabama Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A prescription book, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 425); 
 and an undated register of vaccinations of Union prisoners. Second Alabama 
 Hospital (ch. VI, vol. 419). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Juliet Opie Hopkins and her husband, 
 Arthur F. Hopkins, administered the Alabama hospital in Richmond during 
 the war. The papers of Mrs. Hopkins in the Alabama Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History include correspondence with Confederate and Alabama 
 officials, accounts with the State of Alabama relating to the First, Second, 
 and Third Alabama Hospitals, a record of deaths at those hospitals, and a 
 record of receipts and expenditures. 
 
 Military Prison Hospital (Belle Isle, Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. —Morning reports of sick and wounded U.S. pris¬ 
 oners, Sept. 1, 1864-Feb. 1, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 712, p. 162-280). 
 
 Camp Lee Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Weekly reports of sick and wounded men. May 
 7, 186^Jan. 31, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 712, p. 281-311). 
 
196 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Chimborazo General Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Opened in Oct. 1861 on Chimborazo Heights overlooking the city, this 
 hospital became the largest in the Confederacy and contained five separate 
 divisions or hospitals. 
 
 Edgar E. Hume, "Chimborazo 
 Hospital, Confederate States Army-- 
 America’s Largest Military Hospi¬ 
 tal, " Military Surgeon, 75:156-166 
 (Sept. 1934); Frank S. Johns and 
 Anne P. Johns, "Chimborazo Hos¬ 
 pital and J. B. McCaw, Surgeon- 
 
 in-Chief, " Virginia Magazine of His- 
 tory and Biography , 62:190-200 (Apr. 
 1954); Richmond Civil War Centennial 
 Committee, Confederate Military 
 Hospitals in Richmond , by Robert W. 
 Waitt, Jr. (Richmond, 1964). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records relating to the hospital generaUy include 
 letters received and sent, Oct. 1861-July 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 707-709); 
 orders and circulars received, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 7 and 553); registers 
 of patients, Feb. 1863-Aug. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 33), and 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 54); index to registers of patients, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 52, 76, 93, and 
 234); a record of employees, 1861-64 (ch. VI, vol. 33); a list of detailed 
 men, 1861-64 (ch. VI, vol. 98), with lists of slaves and matrons employed; 
 morning reports of patients and attendants, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 305, 318, 
 322 1/4, 589, 705, and 706); receipts for payment, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 
 313, 314, and 314 1/2); registers of the guard, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 26); 
 another register of the guard, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 90); a record of the guard, 
 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 639); a record of clothing issued to patients, 1864-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 618); accounts of clothing issued to patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 322 3/4); a record of hospital property condemned, 1863-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 304); accounts current, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 245 1/2); bakery accounts, 
 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 638); an account book, 1861-63 (ch. VI, vol. 315); 
 check stubs, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 299); a prescription book, 1863-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 32, p. 49-142, and vol. 322); and a record of monthly requisitions for 
 hospital supplies, Jan.-June 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 26). 
 
 Records of Chimborazo Hospital No. 1 include orders and circulars 
 received, July 30, 1863-July 16, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 7); a register of patients, 
 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 20, 65, 71, and 78 and three index volumes: ch. VI, 
 vols. 27, 29, and 77); reports on surgical cases, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 449- 
 453); a register of deaths, 1861-63 (ch. VI, vol. 83); a register of deaths 
 and effects, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 82); a list of paroled prisoners furloughed, 
 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 99); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1862-65 
 (ch. VI, vols. 30, 301, 303, and 306); a prescription book, 1862 and 1864 
 (ch. VI, vols. 323 and 619); lists of slaves employed, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 79 and 307); a memorandum book of Steward William E. Toombs, 1862-63 
 (ch. VI, vol. 316), containing a list of slaves hired and accounts for food 
 purchased; some miscellaneous record books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 310 and 
 448), containing information on medicine given to patients, a list of Negroes 
 hired, lists of patients, a record of wood received and purchased, statis¬ 
 tical reports of diseases and patients, lists of detailed attendants, lists of 
 medical officers, reports on surgical cases, statements of patients vacci¬ 
 nated, tabular statements of operations, and reports on deceased patients. 
 
 Records of Chimborazo Hospital No. 2 include letters, orders, and 
 circulars sent and received, Nov. 23, 1861-Feb. 25, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 408); 
 orders and circulars received, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 9 and 18); reports of 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 197 
 
 officers of the day, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 324); registers of patients, 1861- 
 65 (ch. VI, vols. 17, 24, 55, 75, and 87); a register of deaths and effects, 
 
 1863- 65 (ch. VI, vol. 321); morning reports of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 86); a register of applications for furlough, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 94); 
 reports on surgical cases, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 437 1/2 and 454); clothing 
 accounts of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 410); a medical record book, 
 
 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 456), containing reports on surgical cases, a record of 
 prescriptions and a statement of vaccinations; a miscellaneous record book, 
 
 1864- 65 (ch. VI, vol. 80); and lists of employees, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 85). 
 
 Records of Chimborazo Hospital No. 3 include registers of patients, 
 
 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 19, 21, 53, 60, 62, 64, 69, 95, 101, 103, 105, 132, 
 
 226, 661, and index vols. 88 and 89, 2 ft.); register of deaths, 1861-65 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 31); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1862-65 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 311 and 359); morning reports of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 100); 
 a register of applications for furlough, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 438); a record 
 of provisions received, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 409); an account book of funds, 
 1861-65 (ch. VI, vol. 96); a miscellaneous record book, 1862-64 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 455 1/4); and a register of patients and prescription book, wards K 
 and L, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 84). 
 
 Records of Chimborazo Hospital No. 4 include letters sent and letters, 
 orders, and circulars received, Feb. 1, 1862-Mar. 16, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 72 and 302); registers of patients, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 22, 28, 68, 74, 
 
 221, and index vols. 73, 92, and 242); a register of patients and prescrip¬ 
 tion book, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 63); lists of deaths, discharges, retirements, 
 and patients in private quarters, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 56); lists of patients 
 returned to duty, transferred, furloughed, and deceased, 1862-64 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 67); an undated record of patients transferred (ch. VI, vol. 66); reports 
 on surgical cases, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 434); case books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 439,441,444, 450, 451, 455, and 494); a register of surgical cases with 
 lists of patients returned to duty and transferred, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 437); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 308, 309, 321, and 322 1/2); morning reports of nurses and patients, 1863- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 300); a prescription book, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 590); a 
 miscellaneous record book, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 317); and a memorandum 
 book, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 615). 
 
 Records relating to Chimborazo Hospital No. 5 include orders, letters, 
 and circulars received, June 8, 1863-Oct. 29, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 8); regis¬ 
 ters of patients, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 23, 25, 34, 57, 70, 97, 228, and 
 index vol. 232); a record of payments to patients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 104); morning reports of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 58); case books of 
 wounded patients, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vols. 442, 443, and 445); a record of 
 vaccinations, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 319); a prescription book for U. S. col¬ 
 ored troops, Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 325); and miscellaneous record books, 
 1861-64 (ch. VI, vols. 61, 91, 220, and 440). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -An account current of the hospital fund, 
 Aug. 1863-Feb. 1865 (1 vol.), is in Duke University Library. A few papers, 
 1863-64, concerning Dr. L. C. Crump, a contract physician at the hospital, 
 are in the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. Correspondence 
 of George S. and Lucien Barnsley, who served as hospital stewards, are 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library, which also has letters of Mrs. Phoebe Y. Pember, matron, 1861- 
 65. 
 
198 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Clopton Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A register of patients, May-Sept. 1862 
 (1 vol.), and an undated prescription and diet book are in the Confederate 
 Museum. 
 
 General Hospital No. 1 (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. —Reports of resection cases, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 
 764), and morning reports of patients and attendants, General Hospitals 
 Nos. 1-4, 7-8, 12-30, 22-23, and 25-27, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 711). 
 
 General Hospital No. 4 (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 180); 
 registers of officers treated, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vols. 178 and 240); morning 
 report of patients in Institute Hospital, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 248); morning 
 reports of patients and attendants, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 386); a record of 
 accounts with officer patients for board, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 384); an account 
 book of officers’ board and provisions purchased, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 385); 
 prescription book, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 119); and a miscellaneous record book, 
 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 181), containing a register of officer patients, a reg¬ 
 ister of aides-de-camp and battery commanders who were patients, a list 
 of hospital attendants, a record of surgical cases, copies of correspondence, 
 reports of examining boards on attendants, statistical reports of sick and 
 wounded men, and lists of deaths. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —An account book. Sept. 1863-Dec. 1864, 
 in the Georgia Historical Society collections has sections on the hospital 
 fund, provisions issued to officers, commutation of rations for attendants, 
 returns of medical and hospital property, clothing issued to soldiers, re¬ 
 turns of clothing, and provision prices. 
 
 General Hospital No. 7 (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. —Register of patients and endorsements on com¬ 
 munications relating to patients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 252), and morning 
 reports of patients and attendants, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 389). 
 
 General Hospital No. 8 (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters, orders, and circulars received, 1862- 
 63 (ch. VI, vol. 498); a register of patients, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 251); 
 lists of patients returned to duty, sent to private quarters, transferred, 
 furloughed, and deceased, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 510); morning reports of 
 patients and hospital personnel, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 123); and an account of 
 the hospital fund, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 120). 
 
 General Hospital No. 9 (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as Receiving and Wayside Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. --The extensive records of this hospital include 
 letters sent books, Jan. 22, 1863-Nov. 24, 1864, and Dec. 1, 1864-Apr. 5, 
 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 387 and 424); letters received and sent. May 8, 1864- 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 199 
 
 Feb. 3, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 337); letters, orders, and circulars received, 
 Feb. 29, 1864-Apr. 2, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 421 and 423); registers of pa¬ 
 tients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 106-109, 124, 126, and 128-131); lists of pa¬ 
 tients transferred, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 113, 114, and 117); lists of patients, 
 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 112); registers of deaths and personal effects, 1862-65 
 (ch. VI, vols. 115 and 118); reports on surgical cases, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 
 466); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 718); 
 a medical examining board record, June 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 335); 
 a list of patients for examining board, Apr. 16-June 28, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 
 Ill, p. 92-98); a report of transfers and admittances, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 116); a record of detailed men examined and of hospital fund accounts, 1863- 
 65 (ch. VI, vols. 339 and 341); an account book of expenditures for provi¬ 
 sions, fuel, and other items, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 651); a steward’s 
 account book, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 655); cash and supply accounts, 1862-64 
 (ch. VI, vol. 388); copies of vouchers for hospital supplies, 1863-65 (ch. 
 
 VI, vols. 390 and 490); copies of requisitions and property accounts, 1863- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 489); accounts for rations received and issued, 1864-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 386 1/2); records of supplies and accounts, 1862-65 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 336 and 340); receipts for the personal effects of deceased soldiers, 1862- 
 65(ch. VI, vol. 420); a record of the receipt of hospital supplies, 1864(ch. VI, 
 vol. 391); diet books, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 127, 338, and 488); miscellaneous 
 record books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 81 and 110); check stubs, 1863 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 334); and a register of patients, ward no. 3, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 125). 
 
 General Hospital No. 11 (Richmond ) 
 
 Also called Globe Hospital and Florida Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters, orders, and circulars received. Sept. 
 15, 1862-Oct. 1, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 361), with copies of some letters sent. 
 
 General Hospital No. 12 (Richmond) 
 
 Also called Banner Hospital, Grant Hospital, and Wayside Hospital. 
 Record Group 109.--Reports on surgical cases, 1862-63 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 4681; 
 
 General Hospital No. 13 (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as Castle Thunder Hospital, Eastern District Military 
 Prison Hospital, and Lunatic Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109 . - -Registers of patients, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 230 and 257); register of Union and Negro patients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 249); accounts current and a register of surgical cases, 1862-64 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 467); accounts of provisions, hospital stores, and other supplies, 1863- 
 64 (ch. VI, vol. 231); and miscellaneous record books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 256 and 455). 
 
 General Hospital No. 18 (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as Greaner’s or Greanor's Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109 —Letters, orders, and circulars sent and received, 
 Apr. 2, 1861-June 30, 1863, a register of deaths and effects, 1862, lists of 
 patients treated in private quarters, 1862, and statistical reports of patients, 
 
200 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 July 1863-Feb. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 414 1/2); a register of patients, 1861-63 
 (ch. VI, vol. 217); and morning reports of patients and attendants, 1862-63 
 (ch. VI, vol. 250). 
 
 General Hospital No. 21 (Richmond) 
 
 Established in Feb. 1862 as the Maryland Hospital; also known as the 
 Gwathmey Factory Hospital and Confederate States Military Prison Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Letters sent and letters, orders, and circulars 
 received, Feb. 2-Oct. 7, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 484); letters and orders sent 
 and received. May 12, 1862-May 13, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 333); letters, orders, 
 and circulars received, Feb. 7, 1863-Oct. 6, 1863, and a register of pa¬ 
 tients, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 483); a register of patients, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 
 16 and 253); registers of Union patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 161, 166, 236, 
 and 254); a register of Union patients. Division 3, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 163); a register of Union patients. Division 4, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 261); a 
 register of Union patients, ward A, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 169); a register 
 of Union patients, ward D, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 162 and 165); a register 
 of deaths and effects, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 15); morning reports of patients 
 and attendants, 1861-63 (ch. VI, vols. 120, 327, and 331); morning reports 
 of Union patients and attendants, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 720); a list of em¬ 
 ployees, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 13); a list of colored employees, 1862-63 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 14); a record of clothing and equipment received from and issued 
 to patients, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 332); a record of clothing and linen issued, 
 1864-65 (ch, VI, vol. 329); an account book of supplies purchased, 1862-63 
 (ch. VI, vol. 326); accounts for provisions, clothing, and supplies issued 
 to stewards, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 413), with lists of articles received 
 from and sent to the laundry; accounts of hospital supplies on hand and 
 issued, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 381); provision accounts, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vols. 
 380 and 383); prescription books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 159, 160, 229, 328, 
 330, 382, 382A, 382B, and 596); a record of disposition of cases, 1863 
 (ch. VI, vol. 12); a register of surgical cases of Union patients, ward E, 
 
 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 170); a register of surgical cases of Union patients, wards 
 1-3, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 168); a case book of Union patients, ward 3, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 167); a case book of Union patients, ward A, 1864-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 485); and lists of Union patients remaining in ward A, 1864 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 158 and 164). 
 
 General Hospital No. 23 (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as Ligon’s Factory Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. --An undated prescription book (ch. VI, vol. 559). 
 General Hospital No. 24 (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as Harwood Hospital, Moore’s Hospital, and North Caro¬ 
 lina Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters, orders, and circulars sent and re¬ 
 ceived, June 12, 1862-Mar. 16, 1865 (ch. VI, vols. 10, 422, and 491); reg¬ 
 isters of patients, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vols. 173 and 175); morning reports of 
 patients and attendants, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 719); a case book, 1863-64 
 (ch. VI, vol. 493); a register of surgical cases, a list of officers and de¬ 
 tailed men, and laundry accounts, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 492); a register of 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 201 
 
 deaths and effects, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 652); a record of the receipt of 
 effects of deceased soldiers and of payment for services and hire of slaves, 
 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 640); a record of requisitions for rations and state¬ 
 ments of the hospital fund, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 495); a record of payment 
 of hired hands and accounts, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 653); an account book of 
 supplies purchased, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 650); provision and fuel accounts, 
 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 654); a prescription book, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 496); 
 requisitions for medical and hospital supplies, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 122 1/2); 
 an account of daily issues of hospital stores, Apr. 1863-Feb. 1865 (ch. VI, 
 part of vol. 422); and miscellaneous record books, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 171, 172, and 122), containing statistical reports of patients and attendants, 
 lists of patients and employees, invoices of hospital property, a record of 
 the receipt of clothing, and a record of donations by the Ladies Cumberland 
 Hospital Association of North Carolina. 
 
 General Hospital No. 25 (Richmond) 
 
 Also called Randolph’s Hospital,and Texas Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109.--A prescription and diet book, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 417). 
 
 Howard’s Grove Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Letters sent, July 5-17, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 414, 
 p. 1-6); letters sent and orders issued. Sept. 16, 1863-June 23, 1864 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 429); orders, letters, and circulars received. May 24, 1864-Mar. 
 25, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 376 1/2); endorsements on communications received, 
 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 430); registers of patients, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 192-194, 200, and 344); lists of patients admitted, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 
 
 245, 201, and 219); reports on amputation cases, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 478); 
 a prescription book and register of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 205); 
 rosters of employees, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 342); requisitions for supplies 
 and lists of employees, 1862-63 (ch. VI, vol. 355); clothing accounts, 1863- 
 64 (ch. VI, vol. 585); accounts for supplies purchased, 1864-65 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 133); a baggage register, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 725 and 225); inven¬ 
 tories of hospital supplies and equipment and morning reports of attendants, 
 1863-65 (ch. VI, part of vol. 429); prescription books, 1862-63 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 351, 379, 564, and 593); and miscellaneous record books, 1862-65 
 (ch. VI, vols. 343, 344, 378 1/2, 414, and 423). 
 
 Records of Division No. 1 include a register of patients, 1863-64 (ch. 
 VI, vols. 202 and 344); lists of patients, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 199 and 239); 
 a case book of wounded, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 428); a record of delivery 
 of equipment to departing patients, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 238); prescription 
 books, wards B, I, and O, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vols. 475, 477, 479, and 597); 
 requisitions for and invoices of medical and hospital supplies, 1864-65 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 471); a prescription book, ward H, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 347); a 
 prescription book, ward M, 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 356); and miscellaneous 
 record books, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 197, 203, and 345). 
 
 Records of Division No. 2 include letters sent and orders and circu¬ 
 lars received. May 14, 1864-Apr. 3, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 134); a register of 
 patients, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 204); a register of surgical cases, 1863-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 431); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1863-65 (ch. 
 VI, vols. 342 1/2 and 354); clothing accounts, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 426); 
 
202 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 a passport register, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 190, 206, and 427); and pre¬ 
 scription books, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 346, 348-350, 352, 353, 472-474, and 
 476). 
 
 Records covering more than one division include letters, orders, and 
 circulars sent and received. Division Nos. 1-2, Nov. 9, 1862-Jan. 2, 1864 
 (ch. VI, vol. 411); a register of patients. Division Nos. 1-3, 1862-64 (ch. 
 
 VI, vols. 195, 196, and 198); a medical examining board record. Division 
 Nos. 1-3, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 432); morning reports of patients and 
 attendants. Division Nos. 1-3, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 713); lists of medical 
 officers and detailed men and accounts current. Division Nos. 1-3, 1861-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 191); and requisitions for hospital supplies, laborers, and 
 funds. Division Nos. 1-3, 1862-65 (ch. VI, vol. 470). 
 
 Jackson General Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records of this hospital include letters, 
 orders, and circulars sent and received, June 5, 1863-Apr. 2, 1865 (ch. VI, 
 vols. 376, 406, and 407), including some correspondence of the U. S. offi¬ 
 cer in charge after the war; letters and orders sent and received, 1863-64 
 (ch. VI, vol. 414 1/2), containing also personnel lists; orders and letters 
 received, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 138); a register of communications received 
 and transmitted, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 377); correspondence of Maj. H. C. 
 Scott, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 378); reports of officers of the day, 1864-65 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 373); a register of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 183 and 186); a 
 register of Confederate sick and wounded, Apr. 4, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 185); 
 morning reports of patients and attendants, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vols. 701-704 
 and 726-728); morning reports of the guard, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 375); 
 invoices of medicines, instruments, furniture, and hospital stores, 1863-65 
 (ch. VI, vol. 374); a register of patients furloughed, detailed, retired, and 
 recommended for discharge. Division Nos. 1-4, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 184); 
 lists of employees. Division Nos. 1-4, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 187); orders 
 and circulars received and issued and lists of employees. Division No. 4, 
 
 1863- 65 (ch. VI, vol. 405); registers of patients. Division No. 4, 1864-65 
 (ch. VI, vols. 102, 182, and 189); and lists of patients. Division No. 4, 
 
 1864- 65 (ch. VI, vol. 188). 
 
 Louisiana General Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Also called Baptist College Hospital and Richmond College Hospital. 
 Record Group 109. - -Morning reports of patients and attendants. Sept. 
 1, 1864-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 712, p. 7-161); and prescription books, 
 1861 (ch. VI, vols. 418 and 458). 
 
 Medical College Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Records in Other Custody. --The Medical College of Virginia has 
 records regarding the wartime operations of its hospital. Military person¬ 
 nel were treated there under contract with the Confederate Government. 
 
 Mississippi Soldiers* Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, 1863 (ch. VI, vol. 246). 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 203 
 
 Robertson Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109.--Morning reports of patients and attendants, 1863- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 717). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Confederate Museum are a regis¬ 
 ter of patients kept by Miss Sally L. Tompkins, Aug. 3, 1861-Apr. 2, 1865 
 (1 vol.), containing also a list of the names of ’’ladies, ” surgeons, and 
 stewards; and account books, Jan. 1862-Aug. 1864 (3 notebooks). 
 
 St. Franc is de Sales Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Also known as St. Francis, Catholic, and Brook Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109.--Morning reports of patients and attendants, 1864- 
 65 (ch. VI, vol. 714). 
 
 Smallpox Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 247), with lists of employees and a record of tobacco issued to patients. 
 
 Soldiers’ Home Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109.—A register of patients, Apr. 1862-Feb. 1863 
 (ch. VI, vol. 463, p. 2-30). 
 
 Stuart General Hospital (Richmond ) 
 
 Also called Old Fairground Hospital, Fort Stuart Hospital, and Bar¬ 
 racks Hospital. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A register of patients, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 662); 
 morning reports of patients and attendants, 1864-65 (ch. VI, vol. 715). 
 
 Winder General Hospital (Richmond) 
 
 Record Group 109. --The records of this hospital include morning 
 reports of patients and attendants, Division Nos. 1-6, 1863-65 (ch. VI, vol. 
 710); letters, orders, and circulars sent and received. Division No. 2, 
 
 May 6, 1862-Oct. 10, 1864 (ch. VI, vols. 457 and 547); registers of patients. 
 Division No. 2, 1861-65 (ch. VI, vols. 233, 258-260, and 435, and index 
 vol. 243); lists of employees. Division No. 2, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 218); 
 and steward's accounts. Division No. 2, 1862-64 (ch. VI, vol. 412). 
 
 Hospital (Romney) 
 
 Records in Other Custody .—Papers, 1861-64 (100 items), of Surg. 
 
 John H. Hunter in the University of Virginia Library relate to his services 
 in the hospitals in Romney, Warm Springs, and White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 Baptist Church Hosp it al (William sburg) 
 
 Record Group 109. --Morning reports of patients in the Baptist Church, 
 Episcopal Church, Methodist Church, and Seminary Hospitals, 1861-62 (ch. 
 VI, vol. 562); morning reports of patients and attendants, Baptist Church, 
 
204 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Methodist Church, and New Courthouse Hospitals, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 560); a prescription book, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 561); and a record of medi¬ 
 cal and hospital supplies furnished to Williamsburg hospitals, 1861 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 625). 
 
 Episcopal Church Hospital (Williamsburg) 
 
 Record Group 109.—Register of patients, 1861-64 (ch. VI, vols. 263 
 and 268); morning reports of patients and attendants, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vols. 
 557 1/2 and 563); laundry accounts of patients, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 558); a 
 prescription book, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 558 1/2); and a miscellaneous 
 record book, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 559 1/2); containing inventories of hos¬ 
 pital furnishings, a list of patients boarding outside the hospital, a record 
 of quilts given to patients, and an inventory of the personal effects of de¬ 
 ceased soldiers. 
 
 Seminary Hospital (Williamsburg) 
 
 Record Group 109. --A register of patients, 1861-62 (ch. VI, vol. 267); 
 and a prescription book, 1861 (ch. VI, vol. 541). 
 
 Hospital (Winchester) 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A register of patients. May 27-31, 1862 (ch. VI, 
 vol. 266, p. 1-8). 
 
 General Hospital (Winchester) 
 
 Record Group 109.—A register of patients, July 20-Aug. 4, 1864 (ch. 
 
 VI, vol. 265 1/2). 
 
 Lovingston Hospital (Winchester ) 
 
 Record Group 109.--A register of patients, Aug. 8-Sept. 13, 1862 
 (ch. VI, vol. 266, p. 13-41). 
 
 ENGINEER BUREAU 
 
 The act of Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 47), establishing 
 and organizing the Army provided for a Corps of Engineers with a colonel 
 as Chief Engineer. In the next month the Engineer Bureau was set up to 
 furnish the Corps with necessary supplies and services. Engineer officers 
 and civilians were employed by both the Bureau and the Corps, aJid in 1861 
 the Bureau employed civil engineers for fieldwork. The number of engineer 
 officers was increased by acts of Congress until by Feb. 1865 there were 246. 
 
 Under the direction of commanders of armies and departments, engi¬ 
 neer officers were responsible for improving and strengthening existing 
 fortifications; plajining and constructing other military works, batteries, 
 roads, and bridges; reconnoitering the terrain in the vicinity of armies and 
 preparing topographic maps; erecting barriers in rivers and harbors; sur¬ 
 veying routes for and constructing links between railroads; repairing dam¬ 
 aged railroads; and preparing maps of battlefields for inclusion with battle 
 reports. The large labor forces required by the Engineer Corps were 
 
ENGINEER BUREAU 
 
 205 
 
 supplied by fatigue parties of soldiers, engineer troops, details of soldiers 
 for mechanical service, and slaves and free Negroes. Engineer officers 
 transmitted reports and other records to the Engineer Bureau. 
 
 The Engineer Bureau undertook to supply maps to the Confederate 
 Army, badly handicapped by the lack of them. The Bureau's draftsman 
 prepared some maps, but more were obtained from the Department of 
 Northern Virginia’s Topographical Department, which was established in 
 Richmond in 1862 under Capt. Albert H. Campbell. The officer in charge 
 sent out surveying parties in Virginia and North Carolina, and copies of the 
 maps that were based on these surveys were supplied not only to General 
 Lee but also to the Engineer Bureau. On the request of the Chief Engineer, 
 Campbell also had tracings made of maps for other general officers and 
 for the Bureau. Maps of battlefields in Virginia were also supplied to the 
 Bureau. On Feb. 5, 1864, R. S. Sanxay and Adolph Gomert patented a 
 process for duplicating maps by photography. Immediately afterward the 
 Bureau began using their services for obtaining many prints of the maps 
 that had been prepared. These prints presumably were distributed to what¬ 
 ever Army commanders needed them. Engineer officers attached to Army 
 commands made reconnaissances and sent maps and sketches to the Bureau. 
 
 The Engineer Bureau also engaged in procurement and manufacturing 
 functions. It bought shovels, other tools, rope, and hardware. A. H. 
 
 Rahm of Richmond made shovels and the Tredegar Iron Works furnished 
 other hardware. The Bureau also supplied survey and drafting equipment 
 and paper to engineers in the field. In the winter of 1862-63 the Bureau 
 was involved in the procurement of ice for Richmond hospitals. In 1863 
 Capt. John M. Robinson, Corps of Engineers, went to England and arranged 
 for the shipment of intrenching tools, technical books, and surveying and 
 drafting equipment. The Bureau had workshops at Richmond, Charleston, 
 Augusta, Mobile, and Demopolis for the manufacture of tools, implements, 
 and the preparation of material for pontoon bridges. A torpedo plant at 
 Charleston manufactured torpedoes that were distributed to engineer offi¬ 
 cers along the coast of the Confederacy. During 1862-63 arrangements 
 were made with Prof. Richard Wells and Charles Cevor for experimental 
 use of balloons for aerial observation, but Confederate officers did not co¬ 
 operate and these efforts were abandoned. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of Engineers: 
 
 Maj. Josiah Gorgas (acting), Apr. 8, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Danville Leadbetter, Aug. 22, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Alfred L. Rives, Nov. 13, 1861. 
 
 Col. Jeremy F. Gilmer, Sept. 25, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Col. Alfred L. Rives (acting), Aug. 18, 1863. 
 
 Col. Jeremy F. Gilmer, July 18, 1864. 
 
 James L. Nichols, Confeder ¬ 
 ate Engineers (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 
 1957); "Confederate Engineers and 
 the Defense of Mobile, ” Alabama 
 Review , 12:181-195 (July 1959); 
 "Confederate Engineer Odd Jobs, " 
 Military Engineer, 53:12-15 (Jan.- 
 
 Feb. 1961); Official Records . . .Ar ¬ 
 mies , ser. 4, vols. 1-3, passim; 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., "The 
 Confederate Engineers, " Military 
 Engineer, 22:297-305, 410-419, 512- 
 517 (July-Dec. 1930). 
 
 Some of the Engineer Bureau’s records were recovered by the U. S. 
 Army. On May 12, 1865, Col. Richard D. Cutts sent two boxes of 
 
206 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 correspondence and vouchers from Richmond to the War Department in 
 Washington. These records became part of the War Department Collection 
 of Confederate Records. 
 
 Record Group 56 . --With the captured and abandoned property records 
 (file no. 5997) of the records of the U. S. Department of the Treasury are 
 a few payrolls of civilians employed at Drewry’s Bluff, Richmond Bar, 
 Warwick Bar, on pontoon bridges, and as crew members of the W. W. 
 Townes and the Seaboard in 1863-64. The rolls show the occupations and 
 the amount of the payments made by Lt. J. B. Stanard and Capt. Charles 
 T. Mason. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The records of the Engineer Bureau in the War 
 Department Collection of Confederate Records consist of correspondence 
 and some other materials. Letters and telegrams sent, Aug. 22, 1861-Aug. 
 13, 1864 (ch. m, vols. 1-5; available on microfilm as M 628), are fair 
 copies of outgoing communications. The letters are addressed to engineer 
 and other Army officers, officers of the Virginia Engineer Corps, the 
 Secretary of War, the agent in charge of the engineer warehouse in Rich¬ 
 mond, chiefs of War Department bureaus, the Secretary of the Treasury, 
 the First and Second Auditors, other Government officials, State Governors, 
 industrial firms, the commission for removing railroad iron, and individ¬ 
 uals. Much of the early correspondence is concerned with the arming of 
 fortifications and ordnance. These outgoing communications include some 
 letters written by officers attached to the Bureau and letters written to 
 Colonel Gilmer during his absence from Richmond. These volumes also 
 contain many endorsements for communications referred to other subdivi¬ 
 sions of the War Department and to engineer officers. Registers of letters 
 received, 1861-64 (ch. m, vols. 7, 7 1/2, and 7 1/4), show the file number, 
 writer’s name, place written, date of receipt, date of answer, and abstracts 
 of the contents. These registers contain short summaries of the contents 
 of the letters which were received from the same types of correspondents 
 as those mentioned above. There is, however, no separate file of letters 
 received. Many of the letters are filed in the compiled military service 
 records described in chapter XI of this Guide . A large part of the incom¬ 
 ing communications appear to have been lost, however. 
 
 Letters received and other 
 documents relating to engineer of¬ 
 ficers, assistants, and troops are 
 in the compiled military service 
 records of Confederate organiza¬ 
 tions (see the description of these 
 and other compiled files in chap¬ 
 ter XI of this Guide) . Part of that 
 file for "Engineers, C. S. A. " (cards 
 and folded papers, 10 ft.), consists 
 of alphabetically arranged files for 
 engineer officers, acting engineers, 
 engineer assistants, clerks, and 
 some privates. Envelope-jackets 
 for officers include correspondence, 
 requisitions for forage, certificates 
 for the commutation of quarters 
 and fuel, rolls of detailed men. 
 
 accounts current, pay accounts, re¬ 
 ceipts for payments made to assist¬ 
 ant engineers, forage returns, ab¬ 
 stracts of provisions issued, abstracts 
 of materials expended, pay vouchers, 
 abstracts of purchases, special or¬ 
 ders, invoices of engineer property, 
 lists of engineer officers. Second 
 Auditor’s reports, cross-references 
 to other officers’ files, and index 
 record cards embodying information 
 in record books of the Confederate 
 States War Department. The section 
 of the same file for "Engineer Troops" 
 (cards and folded papers, 23 ft.), 
 containing envelope-jackets for indi¬ 
 vidual troops and officers, consists 
 largely of index record cards. A 
 
ENGINEER BUREAU 
 
 207 
 
 smaller file for ’’Sappers and Miners” 
 (cards and folded papers, 3 1/2 ft.), 
 contains envelope-jacketsfor pri¬ 
 vates, sappers, artificers, and offi¬ 
 cers . The papers of other engineer 
 officers are in the compiled military 
 service records of Confederate 
 
 general and staff officers, and their 
 contents are similar to the file de¬ 
 scribed above. The papers of some 
 engineer officers are described under 
 the commands or departments to 
 which they were attached. 
 
 A chronological record of provisions issued from the commissary 
 store of the Engineer Bureau, Richmond, Sept. 1, 1862-Mar. 27, 1865 (ch. 
 in, vol. 21), supplies information regarding the rations issued, on whose 
 requisition, for what station, and under whose command or management. 
 
 A small file of miscellaneous papers, 1862-65 (2 in.), consists of returns 
 of officers and hired men, reports of operations on defenses, survey re¬ 
 ports, accounts current, estimates of the cost of engineer projects, receipts 
 for issues of engineer property, reports of proceedings of boards of survey, 
 invoices of engineer stores, lists of applications for appointments as engi¬ 
 neers, reports of money received and expended, and abstracts of disburse¬ 
 ments, correspondence, telegrams, and circulars. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Papers of Jeremy F. Gilmer presented 
 to the Confederate Museum in Richmond by his daughter include a small 
 quantity of wartime correspondence, commissions, and orders. A larger 
 collection of Gilmer papers is with the Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library. For the war period it includes 
 correspondence with engineer officers; correspondence on military opera¬ 
 tions in Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia; and 
 letters to his wife containing some information of official matters. Plans 
 of engineer equipment, machinery, and defenses are also in this collection. 
 The papers of Alfred L. Rives in Duke University Library include corre¬ 
 spondence on his service as a Confederate engineer officer. 
 
 The States of Virginia, North 
 Carolina, and South Carolina ap¬ 
 pointed their own engineer officers 
 to work on fortifications and batter¬ 
 ies in 1861. After the establishment 
 of the Confederate Provisional 
 Corps of Engineers, most of the 
 State officers were commissioned 
 in that body. The records of the 
 State Engineer Departments are 
 
 useful for study of the early activi¬ 
 ties of these officers. The Archives 
 Division of the Virginia State Library 
 has a letter book. May 14-Aug. 30, 
 1861; letters received. Mar. 9-Dec. 
 28, 1861; invoices, May-Dec. 1861; 
 payrolls of slaves employed on de¬ 
 fensive works, May-Sept. 1861; and 
 payrolls of persons employed on for¬ 
 tifications, May-Aug. 1861. 
 
 Cartographic Records 
 
 Most of the Confederate maps in the National Archives are in collec¬ 
 tions consisting chiefly of maps prepared by agencies of the U. S. Govern¬ 
 ment. These Confederate maps were prepared probably by the Engineer 
 Bureau and Captain Campbell’s Topographical Department in Richmond 
 and in engineer offices and commands in the field. 
 
 Record Group 77 . --The records of the U. S. Office of the Chief of 
 Engineers include large map files. The ’’Headquarters (Civil Works) Map 
 File” contains maps captured from Confederates during the war and other 
 maps received from Confederate officers by the U.S. War Department 
 
208 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 after the war. The "Fortifications Map File” in this record group contains 
 items relating to Confederate defenses. Since many of the Confederate 
 fortifications had been U. S. forts before the war, the U. S. maps in these 
 files are also useful for information on those places. 
 
 Record Group 92 . - -In the records of the Office of the Quartermaster 
 General the "Post and Reservation Map FUe" contains a few items relating 
 to the Southern States. A sketch map shows the railroad and steamboat 
 terminals and Confederate defenses of Bridgeport, Ala., in 1863. A rail¬ 
 road map of the Southern States shows the different railroad gauges in 1862. 
 See the catalog cited below for other maps in this file relating to places in 
 the Confederacy occupied by Union forces. 
 
 Record Group 94. --In the records of the Adjutant General’s Office is 
 a collection of 800 Union and Confederate maps used in compiling the atlas 
 for the Official Records . . .Armies. The Confederate maps include man¬ 
 uscript maps donated or lent for the purpose by Confederate officers or 
 repositories and published maps with additions or corrections by Confed¬ 
 erate officers. The collection includes battlefield maps, maps of local 
 terrain and campaign routes, and plans and views of defenses. They are 
 arranged by the plate numbers used in the Atlas, and the index of that work 
 serves as an index to the collection. 
 
 For descriptions of some of 
 the items in the record groups men¬ 
 tioned above, see National Archives, 
 Civil War Maps in the National Ar¬ 
 chives (Washington, 1964). The 
 U.S. War Department's Atlas to Ac¬ 
 company the Official Records ofTHe 
 
 Union and Confederate Armies , comp, 
 by Capt. CalvinD. Cowles, ( H. Misc . 
 Doc. 261, 52 Cong., Isess., Serial 
 2998; 3 vols., Washington, 1891-95; 
 reprinted New York, 1958), contains 
 202 Confederate maps of campaigns, 
 battles, and skirmishes. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a small collection of other Confederate maps, 1861-65, of battle¬ 
 fields, fortifications, marches, reconnaissances, and cities. These are 
 manuscript maps received with the papers of Confederate officers or copies 
 of maps that were lent by officers, the Southern Historical Society, and 
 others. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. - -Original hand-drawn, colored maps pre¬ 
 pared by topographers working under the direction of Maj. Albert H. 
 Campbell, head of the Topographical Department of the Department of 
 Northern Virginia, and maps prepared in the Engineer Bureau together 
 with contemporary copies of maps originating in both of those offices are 
 in a number of repositories. In 1912 a daughter of Maj. Gen. Jeremy F. 
 Gilmer, Confederate Chief of Engineers, presented 75 topographic maps 
 to the Virginia Historical Society. Most of these are of Virginia counties 
 and besides geographic features show railroads, roads, fords, ferries, 
 bridges, and some structures with names of householders. Other Gilmer- 
 Campbell maps saved by Mrs. J. F. Gilmer are in the Confederate Museum 
 in Richmond. These also are chiefly of Virginia and particularly of the 
 defenses of Richmond and Petersburg. Other collections are in the U. S. 
 Military Academy Library and William and Mary College Library. The 
 Map Division of the Library of Congress has photostats of some of the same 
 maps. Copies of maps of Virginia counties prepared under the direction of 
 Major Campbell are in the Hotchkiss collection in the Library of Congress 
 (see below under Army of Northern Virginia). 
 
ENGINEER BUREAU 
 
 209 
 
 Lawrence Martin, ’’The Gil¬ 
 mer-Campbell Maps—Virginia, 
 Parts of West Virginia, North Caro¬ 
 lina, South Carolina, and Georgia, ” 
 in U. S. Library of Congress, Note ¬ 
 worthy Maps No. 1; Accessions for 
 the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1926, 
 
 p. 7-17 (Washington, 1927). The 
 
 maps in the Confederate Museum 
 are listed in Douglas S. Freeman, 
 
 A Calendar of Confederate Papers, 
 p. 486-490 (Richmond, 1908y. Con¬ 
 
 federate maps of Virginia and West 
 Virginia are listed in Earl G. Swem, 
 "Maps Relating to Virginia in the 
 Virginia State Library and Other De¬ 
 partments of the Commonwealth, " 
 Virginia State Library Bulletin, 7: 
 138-162 (Apr., July 1914). 
 
 Other published maps of the Confederacy and some manuscript offi¬ 
 cial maps prepared by the Corps of Engineers are in other repositories. 
 Small collections are in Duke University Library, the Valentine Museum 
 in Richmond, the University of Virginia Library, the Louisiana Historical 
 Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, 
 Tulane University, and the Virginia State Library. Manuscript maps re¬ 
 ceived with the papers of Confederates by the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the University of North Carolina have been left with the papers but have 
 been separately cataloged. The Jeremy F. Gilmer papers in that reposi¬ 
 tory include topographic and battlefield maps of Virginia and North Carolina; 
 maps of the Shiloh, Corinth, and Davis’ Bridge battlefields; maps of Mobile 
 defenses; and maps of Arkansas, western Louisiana, and Texas. The Map 
 Division of the Library of Congress has a few manuscript or photocopy 
 maps and published Confederate maps in addition to photostats of the Gil- 
 mer-Campbell maps. 
 
 I 
 
 U. S. Library of Congress, 
 Map Division, Civil War Maps; an 
 Annotated List of Maps and Atlases 
 in Map Collections of the Library 
 of Congress, comp, by Richard W. 
 
 Stephenson (Washington, 1961). The 
 papers of engineers and of general 
 officers often contain maps; see the 
 index to this Guide. 
 
 Commission for the Collection and Distribution of Railroad Iron 
 
 To coordinate the activities of the War and Navy Departments con¬ 
 nected with the collection of railroad iron, a commission was established. 
 AIGO Special Order 18 of Jan. 22, 1863, designated Col. William M. Wad- 
 ley, supervisor of railroad transportation, and Maj. Isaac M. St. John, 
 chief of the Niter and Mining Bureau, and an officer who was to be desig¬ 
 nated by the Navy Department as a commission to determine what railroads 
 could best have their rails removed for use elsewhere. The rails collected 
 were to be used on roads indispensable for military operations, and defec¬ 
 tive rails were to be rolled and used for ironcladding naval vessels. Colo¬ 
 nel Wadley was soon replaced by Col. Jeremy F. Gilmer, chief of the 
 Engineer Bureau (AIGO Special Order 36, Feb. 12, 1863). Major St. John 
 was active for only a few months, and Gilmer was succeeded in 1863 by 
 Col. Charles F. M. Garnett. During 1863-64 D. H. Kinney served as the 
 commission’s agent to purchase railroad iron. The Navy representative 
 for a time was George G. Hull, superintendent of the Atlanta & West Point 
 Railroad. Capt. George E. Walker served as commissioner in the deep 
 South during mid-1863. After his death he was succeeded in Nov. 1863 by 
 Maj. Minor Meriwether, an engineer officer who had had experience on 
 
210 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Southern railroads. Meriwether was instructed to purchase railroad iron 
 and, when negotiations failed, to impress it and to obtain necessary legal 
 assistance in doing so. He traveled around the South collecting and dis¬ 
 tributing rails and other materials and supervising the rebuilding of track 
 and bridges. AIGO Special Order 37 of Feb. 13, 1864, assigned Lt. William 
 N. Bolling to the Engineer Bureau for duty in collecting railroad iron. On 
 Sept. 30, 1864, Capt. E. T. D. Myers, Corps of Engineers, was assigned 
 to duty with the commission, and he was also to be employed under the 
 Engineer Bureau in replacing bridges and repairing railroads damaged by 
 the enemy (AIGO Special Order 232). Railroads that were threatened with 
 the loss of rails resisted by suing out injunctions and employing other legal 
 measures. 
 
 Black, Railroads of the Confederacy , p. 205-208. 
 No records of this commission have been found. 
 
 Correspondence and other 
 documents relating to the commis¬ 
 sioners are in Confederate War 
 Department records. Many letters 
 to the commissioners are in the 
 Engineer Bureau’s letters sent, and 
 information regarding letters re¬ 
 ceived from them by the Bureau is 
 in its register of letters received. 
 
 Some correspondence and other doc¬ 
 uments are in the compiled military 
 service records of Confederate engi¬ 
 neers (files of Minor Meriwether and 
 E. T. D. Myers). A few letters 
 from Colonel Garnett are in the Sec¬ 
 retary of War's letters-received 
 file. 
 
 BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 
 
 Under the act of Feb. 21, 1861, the War Department was to have charge 
 of matters connected with Indian tribes (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 32), 
 and an act of Mar. 15, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 68), established a 
 Bureau of Indian Affairs in the Department. Appointed and confirmed as 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, David Hubbard began negotiations with 
 the Indians in the spring of 1861. 
 
 Long before the Civil War the large Indian tribes of the southeastern 
 States had been removed by the U.S. Government to the region west of Ar¬ 
 kansas and north of the Red River. At the opening of the war this region 
 was the home of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole, 
 who had immigrated from east of the Mississippi, and of the Quapaw, Sen¬ 
 eca, mixed Seneca and Shawnee, Comanche, and Osage. The Indians in 
 the southern part of the Indian Territory bordering on the Confederacy were 
 estimated by the Confederate Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1862 to 
 number 71,520. Although the U.S. Office of Indian Affairs was still respon¬ 
 sible for relations with these tribes in 1861, most of these Indians became 
 Confederate allies. The United States was compelled to withdraw its troops 
 from the southern part of the Indian Territory, and there were delays in the 
 payment of annuities. The Confederacy with the aid of Indian officials who 
 changed sides stepped into the void. 
 
 A resolution of Congress of Mar. 5, 1861 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint 
 Resolutions , p. 157), authorized the President to send a special agent to 
 the Indian tribes west of Arkansas. Albert Pike of Arkansas was appointed 
 commissioner to negotiate with the Indians and during the summer and fall 
 
BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 
 
 211 
 
 of 1861 he concluded a series of treaties. They were ratified in Dec. 1861 
 and their terms became the responsibility of the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs and of Indian agents and Army officers in the Indian Territory. 
 Congress appropriated funds for annuity and other payments, but legislation 
 adopted in 1865 provided for payments in cotton delivered at a GuLf port 
 from which it could be exported. In Jan. 1862 Albert Pike conveyed the 
 initial consignment of specie to the Indian Territory for distribution to the 
 Indians. The Commissioner made annual visits in 1862-64 to the tribes in 
 the Indian Territory where he disbursed funds to the treasurers of the In¬ 
 dian tribes and conferred with Indian chiefs and the Army officers com¬ 
 manding the District of Indian Territory and the Trans-Mississippi Depart¬ 
 ment. In Oct. 1864 at his request Gen. E. Kirby Smith appointed Robert C. 
 Miller, a quartermaster agent, as disbursing agent at the headquarters of 
 the District of Indian Territory. 
 
 During the war most of the Indian country was a battleground, forcing 
 the Indian inhabitants to flee. Creeks under Chief Opothleyohola loyal to 
 the United States were attacked by Confederate Indian troops and Texas 
 cavalry late in 1861 and fled during the winter to Kansas. Some Cherokees 
 joined the Creeks in flight, and men of these and other tribes enlisted in 
 the Union military forces. A Union expedition marched south from Kansas 
 in 1862 and in July captured the Cherokee chief, John Ross. Stand Watie, 
 the leader of the southern faction of the Cherokees and colonel of the First 
 Cherokee Mounted Rifles, was elected chief of the Cherokees at Tahlequah 
 in Aug. 1862 to succeed Ross. In the fall of 1862 other Cherokees of the 
 Union faction fled to the neighborhood of Fort Scott, Kans. About half of 
 the Seminole and smaller numbers of Quapaw, Seneca, Shawnee, Delaware, 
 Wichita, and Kickapoo Indians also took refuge in Kansas where they re¬ 
 ceived relief from the U. S. Government. The Union occupation of the 
 Cherokee Nation in 1863 forced the Cherokee who had remained there to escape 
 to the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations in the valley of the Red River and south 
 of that river into Texas. Most of the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes remained 
 loyal to the Confederacy, and in 1864 when much of the Indian country was 
 under U. S. control part of those and the Seminole tribe moved southward. 
 By the end of 1864 there were 15,000 to 16,000 Indian refugees in camps in 
 the southern counties of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, and the task of 
 feeding them was a considerable burden to the Confederate Army. 
 
 Successive Commissioners of Indian Affairs: 
 
 David Hubbard, Mar. 16, 1861. 
 
 Sutton S. Scott, Nov, 3, 1861. 
 
 Annie H. Abel, The American 
 Indian As Slaveholder and Seces¬ 
 sionist (Cleveland, 1915); C.S. A. 
 Bureau of Indian Affairs, Report of 
 S. S. Scott, Act'g Corner of Indian 
 Affairs to Hon. J. P. Benjamin, 
 
 Secretary of War, Richmond, Mar . 
 
 8, 1862 [Richmond, 18621 also con- 
 
 tains reports of Indian agents and 
 some correspondence. Other com¬ 
 missioner’s reports in the Official 
 Records . . .Armies include the 
 following: Jan. 12, 1863, ser. 4, 
 
 volo 2, p. 352-357; Dec. 12, 1863, 
 ser. 1, vol. 22, pt. 2, p. 1095-1096; 
 Dec. 1, 1864, ser. 1, vol. 41, pt. 4, 
 p. 1086-1090. See also Morton Oh- 
 land, "Confederate Government Re¬ 
 lations with the Five Civilized Tribes,' 
 Chronicles of Oklahoma , 31:299-322 
 (Autumn 1953); Sutton S. Scott, "Some 
 Account of Confederate Indian Af¬ 
 fairs, " Gulf States Historical Maga¬ 
 zine, 2:137-154 (Nov. 1903); Grace S. 
 Woodward, The Cherokees (Norman, 
 Okla., 1963). Pike’s report to the 
 
212 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 President, Dec. 12, 1861, is in 
 Message of the President, and Re¬ 
 port of Albert Pike, Commissioner 
 of the Confederate States to the In¬ 
 dian Nations West of Arkansas, of 
 the Results of His Mission (Rich¬ 
 
 mond, 1861). Concerning the Indian 
 treaties of 1861 see the chapter of 
 this Guide on the General Records 
 of the Confederacy. See also in 
 this chapter the correspondence of 
 
 the Confederate Secretary of War 
 which contains letters to and from 
 Albert Pike and the Commissioners 
 of Indian Affairs; some of this corre¬ 
 spondence is published in Official 
 Records . . . Armies , passim. A 
 map drawn by J. T. Cox of the re¬ 
 treat of the Creeks and other Indians 
 under Opothleyohola in the winter of 
 1861 is in Record Group 75, Records 
 of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 
 
 No records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs have been found. They 
 were probably destroyed at the time of the evacuation of Richmond. 
 
 Arkansas and Red River Superintendency 
 
 An act of Apr. 8, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 11), designated the In¬ 
 dian lands west of Arkansas and north of Texas that had been annexed to 
 the Confederacy as the Arkansas and Red River Superintendency of Indian 
 Affairs. The superintendent was to reside at Fort Smith or Van Buren and 
 supervise the activities and accounts of all officials of the Indian Bureau in 
 that area. Elias Rector, who had been superintendent of the Southern Su¬ 
 perintendency under the United States, continued as Confederate superin¬ 
 tendent in 1861 and after assisting Albert Pike in negotiating the Indian 
 treaties returned to Fort Smith. Pike assumed command of the Indian Ter¬ 
 ritory in 1861 and acted as superintendent of Indian affairs until his resig¬ 
 nation in the fall of 1862. After Jan. 1863 the commanders of the Indian 
 Territory (Brig. Gen. William Steele, Maj. Gen. Samuel B. Maxey, and 
 Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper) acted as Superintendent of Indian Affairs. 
 
 In his report of Dec. 1, 1864, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs stated 
 that he had sought unsuccessfully for a suitable man for appointment as 
 superintendent and that the lack of one had complicated the administration 
 of Indian affairs. 
 
 During part of 1864 when General Maxey acted as superintendent. Col. 
 Roswell W. Lee served as assistant superintendent of Indian affairs and 
 bore most of the administrative burden. To assist the refugee Indians, 
 General Maxey also appointed an issuing agent, a superintendent of issues, 
 and an inspector of camps. 
 
 On his arrival in the Indian country in the spring of 1861 Commissioner 
 Pike arranged with the men who were then serving as agents for the differ¬ 
 ent Indian tribes to continue in their posts. After his return from Washing¬ 
 ton in 1861, Douglas H. Cooper was requested to continue as agent to the 
 Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes and was appointed colonel of the 1st Choctaw 
 and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles. John Crawford carried on as Cherokee 
 agent. William H. Garrett, the incumbent agent to the Creeks, died Jan. 
 
 23, 1862; R. P. Pulliam then acted as agent until 1862 when Israel G. Vore 
 replaced him. Samuel H. Rutherford continued as Seminole agent but was 
 replaced in 1862 by Rev. J. S. Murrow, who had been a Baptist missionary 
 in the area since 1859. Matthew Deeper served as agent to the Wichita, 
 Comanche, and other Reserve Indians until he was killed in Oct. 1862 by a 
 party of northern Indians. In 1864 some of the Reserve Indians were located 
 between the Red and Canadian Rivers in the southwestern part of the Indian 
 
BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 
 
 213 
 
 country under the supervision of Capt. L. G. Harmon; other bands had be¬ 
 come wanderers. Andrew J. Dorn was given a Confederate appointment as 
 agent to the Osage, Seneca, Shawnee, and Quapaw tribes. 
 
 The act organizing the Arkansas and Red River Superintendency of 
 Indian Affairs confirmed the arrangements made by Albert Pike with the 
 Indian agents. They were to reside on the reserves selected for agencies 
 and to conduct relations with the Indians under instructions from the Secre¬ 
 tary of War, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the Superintendent 
 of Indian Affairs. The act prescribed in detail the manner in which rela¬ 
 tions and trade with the Indians were to be conducted. 
 
 Annie H. Abel, The American 
 Indian as Participant in the Civil 
 War (Cleveland, 1919); C.S.A.^ar 
 
 Department, Regulations Adopted 
 by the War Department, on the 15th 
 of April 1862, for Carrying into 
 
 Effect the Acts of Congress of the 
 Confederate States Relating to Indian 
 
 Affairs, etc., etc. (Richmond, 1862); 
 Angie Debo, The Rise and Fall of 
 the Choctaw Republic (Norman, 1934) 
 and The Road to Disappearance (Nor- 
 man, 1941); Muriel H. Wright, "Gen¬ 
 eral Douglas H. Cooper, C.S. A.," 
 Chronicles of Oklahoma, 32:142-184 
 (Summer 1954). 
 
 Record Group 75 . - -Captured records of the Arkansas and Red River 
 Superintendency and of the Wichita Agency are now among the records of 
 the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The records of the superintendency may have 
 been captured when Fort Smith was occupied by U. S. forces on Sept. 1, 1863. 
 The Delaware and Shawnee Indians who attacked the Wichita Agency in Oct. 
 1862 carried off papers, but they turned them over to the Delaware Indian 
 agent, who transmitted them to the U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 
 Correspondence and other records of the superintendency, July 5, 1861- 
 Mar. 4, 1862 (1 in.), include letters from Indian agents and Albert Pike to 
 Elias Rector, other correspondence of Pike, vouchers for Rector’s expen¬ 
 ses, Indian agents’ receipts for funds, copies and drafts of Rector’s letters 
 to Indian agents, Indian chiefs, and S. S. Scott, and bills and invoices for 
 supplies furnished to the Indians. A file of papers of the Wichita Agency, 
 May 26, 1861-Sept. 28, 1862 (1/2 in.), consists of letters received by Mat¬ 
 thew Deeper from Albert Pike, Elias Rector, commissary and quarter¬ 
 master officers, and others; copies of letters to Pike, Rector, and the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs; and vouchers for payments for services. 
 Another file, Apr. 18, 1861-Jan. 25, 1862 (1 in.), consists mainly of papers 
 relating to trade licenses issued by William H. Garrett, the agent to the 
 Creek Indians, including applications, licenses, and inventories of stock 
 held by traders. This file also contains invoices for supplies and services 
 obtained by the superintendency. 
 
 Some of the documents in the 
 superintendency and Wichita Agency 
 files described above are printed in 
 Annie H. Abel, The American Indi- 
 an as Slaveholder and Seccessionist, 
 
 ^ 298-357 (Cleveland, 1915). The 
 
 U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs let- 
 ters-received file (C757/1868) con¬ 
 tains a statement of Confederate 
 Creek leaders concerning the flight 
 
 north of loyal Creeks in the winter of 
 1861-62. Letters sent by the com¬ 
 manders of the District of Indian Ter¬ 
 ritory regarding Indian affairs are in 
 their letter books, described in the 
 section of this chapter on Territorial 
 Commands and Armies. 
 
 The admission of the Indian 
 and Oklahoma Territories as the 
 State of Oklahoma in 1907 resulted in 
 
214 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 the dissolution of the tribal govern¬ 
 ments of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 Consequently the records of the 
 Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, 
 Choctaw, and Seminole tribes were 
 placed in the custody of the Super¬ 
 intendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes at Muskogee, Okla. In 1929 
 the Oklahoma Historical Society be¬ 
 gan classifying and calendaring 
 these tribal records, and as a re¬ 
 sult of the efforts of the Society an 
 act of Congress of Mar. 27, 1934 
 (48 Stat. 501), authorized the trans¬ 
 fer of the records to the Society. 
 
 In 1948 additional records of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes were trans¬ 
 ferred to the Society. Indian tribal 
 records and papers of Indian chiefs 
 of the war period are in other re¬ 
 positories. Records of the Creek 
 Nation, 1861-99, in the Creek Indian 
 Museum, Okmulgee, Okla. include 
 the treaty of 1861 with the Confeder¬ 
 ate Government. 
 
 Other records relating to In¬ 
 dians in Oklahoma that were former¬ 
 ly in the Wollaroc Museum in Bart¬ 
 lesville, Okla., have been trans¬ 
 ferred to the University of Oklahoma 
 Library. Materials relating to the 
 Cherokee in the University of Okla¬ 
 homa Library include tribal records 
 and papers of John Ross, Stand 
 Watie, James M. Bell, and Ran¬ 
 dolph Bunch, leaders of the Nation. 
 These records include correspon¬ 
 dence with Albert Pike, David Hub¬ 
 bard, Elias C. Boudinot, and Army 
 officers serving in the Indian Coun¬ 
 try. Some of this correspondence 
 has been published in Edward E. 
 
 Dale and Gaston Litton, eds., Cher ¬ 
 
 okee Cavaliers; Forty Years of 
 Cherokee History as Told in the 
 Correspondence of the Ridge-Watie- 
 Boudinot Family (Norman, Okla., 
 1939). Other papers, 1820-66, of 
 John Ross are in the Tennessee State 
 Library and Archives. The Univer¬ 
 sity of Oklahoma Library has papers 
 of Peter P. Pitchlynn, chief of the 
 Choctaw Nation during the war period. 
 The same repository has in the Ros- 
 coe S. Cate collection papers relating 
 to the Creek Indians that include cor¬ 
 respondence of Albert Pike and other 
 officials concerned with Indian affairs. 
 Documents relating to Cherokee re¬ 
 lations with the Confederacy in 1861 
 that were supplied by John Ross to 
 Col. William Weer, commander of 
 the Union expedition into the Cherokee 
 Nation, are published in Official 
 Records . . . Armies , ser. 1, vol. 
 
 13, p. 489-505, and documents on the 
 same subject are in Joseph B. Tho- 
 burn, ed., "The Cherokee Question, " 
 Chronicles of Oklahoma, 2:141-242 
 (June 1924), which is a reprint of a 
 document published by the U. S. Office 
 of Indian Affairs in 1866. A report 
 by Col. Roswell W. Lee, Aug. 20, 
 1864, is in Allan C. Ashcraft, "Con¬ 
 federate Indian Department Conditions 
 in August, 1864, " Chronicles of Okla¬ 
 homa 41:271-285 (Autumn 1963). 
 
 In 1932 the Oklahoma Historical 
 Society undertook a survey of the 
 records of Indian agencies in western 
 Oklahoma. Under the act of 1934 re¬ 
 ferred to above the Society became 
 custodian of records relating to the 
 Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Comanche, 
 Shawnee, Kiowa, Sauk and Fox, Paw¬ 
 nee, and Quapaw Indians. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a copy of the proceedings of the grand council of the Confederate 
 Indian tribes at Cherokee Town, Washita River, on Aug. 8, 1864. This 
 record was sent to General Maxey by Israel Folsome on Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Some correspondence on relations be¬ 
 tween the Cherokee and the Confederate and U.S. Governments, 1861-63, 
 found at Fort Gibson by a captain of Wisconsin volunteer infantry, is in the 
 State Historical Society of Wisconsin collections. Accounts and receipts, 
 1861-65, relating to provisions and other supplies issued to Osage and 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 215 
 
 Seminole Indians by Confederate officials at Sherman, Tex., are in Duke 
 University Library. Manuscripts relating to Confederate Indian affairs 
 are in the Louisiana Historical Association on deposit in the Howard-Tilton 
 Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 Albert Pike’s papers in the Library of the Supreme Council, Scottish 
 Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, Washington, D. C., contain 
 accounts relating to his expenditures as Indian commissioner, 1861-62, and 
 his autobiography containing some data on the war period. In the same re¬ 
 pository is a negative photostat of the treaty of Aug. 12, 1861, with the 
 Comanche and other Indians obtained from the Newberry Library, Chicago, 
 Ill. Other Pike letters are in the R. S. Cate collection in Oklahoma Uni¬ 
 versity Library, and microfilm of his correspondence including some re¬ 
 lating to Indian and military affairs is in the Texas Archives in the Univer¬ 
 sity of Texas Library. 
 
 Letters of Pike, 1861-62, are 
 published in Official Records . . . 
 Armies, passim; Abel, American 
 Indian as Slaveholder, passim; 
 
 Edward M. Coffman, ed., "Ben 
 McCulloch Letters, " Southwestern 
 Historical Quarterly , 60:118-122 
 (July 1956). 
 
 BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Bureau of Ordnance was established on Apr. 8, 1861, whenJosiah 
 Gorgas was assigned to duty as its Chief (AIGO Special Order 17). He 
 served also as Acting Chief of the Engineer Bureau until the beginning of 
 Aug. 1861. The Bureau of Ordnance was organized under the 44th article 
 of the Army Regulations, which provided that the senior officer of artillery 
 should be charged with the Bureau’s administration. It never had specific 
 legislative authorization although it was referred to in statutes. 
 
 In May 1861 Capt. Smith Stansbury became assistant to the Chief of 
 the Bureau, and Lt. Robert Talley became the draftsman. Capt. Edward 
 B. Smith, who succeeded Stansbury in 1862, and Capt. R. H. Glenn were 
 in 1864 given the responsibility of revising estimates, applying appropri¬ 
 ations, disbursing funds, and examining contracts and property and cash 
 accounts and returns. Capt. Thomas L. Bayne joined the Bureau in 1861. 
 
 In the next year Col. Thomas S. Rhett was assigned as inspector of ord¬ 
 nance and Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger, as inspector of ordnance and artil¬ 
 lery. Lt. Col. Julius A. DeLagnel, who became inspector of arsenals in 
 Nov. 1863, was relieved by Lt. Col. James L. White in Sept. 1864. In 
 Sept. 1863 Maj. F. F. Jones was assigned as inspector of small arms. 
 Officers on ordnance duty throughout the Confederacy were concerned with 
 the procurement, manufacture, storage, distribution, and use of ordnance 
 stores. 
 
 An act of Feb. 20, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 28), authorized 
 the President or the Secretary of War to contract for the purchase and 
 manufacture of heavy ordnance, small arms, and machinery for the manu¬ 
 facture or alteration of small arms and munitions; to employ agents and 
 artisans; and to contract for the establishment of powder mills and the 
 manufacture of powder. An act of Apr. 17, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 33), 
 to encourage the production of saltpeter and small arms, authorized the 
 Confederate Government to advance 50 percent of the cost of constructing 
 works and machinery. This act resulted in the opening of new mines and 
 the reopening of old ones, the discovery and working of niter caves, and 
 
216 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 the establishment or enlargement of blast furnaces, rolling mills, foundries, 
 forges, and shops throughout the Confederacy but particularly in Virginia, 
 Georgia, and northern Alabama. 
 
 The Ordnance Bureau procured ordnance and ordnance stores from 
 factories in the Confederacy and from Europe. Contracts were made for 
 the manufacture at plants throughout the Confederacy of rifles, revolvers, 
 heavy guns, gun carriages, caissons, projectiles, and machineguns. Edged 
 weapons including swords, sabres, knives, and bayonets were fabricated at 
 many different plants and blacksmith shops. Other manufacturers produced 
 powder, percussion caps, knapsacks, horseshoes, paper, hardware, wag¬ 
 ons, and saddles. Large quantities of arms, munitions, and other supplies 
 were imported from England and the Continent through Maj. Caleb Huse, 
 the War Department procurement agent in England, and in June 1862 Maj. 
 Smith Stansbury went to Bermuda to take charge of the ordnance depot 
 established there to handle these supplies. 
 
 The Chief of the Bureau throughout the war was Lt. Col. (later Brig. 
 Gen.) Josiah Gorgas. 
 
 Reports of the Ordnance Bur¬ 
 eau, Nov. 15, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864, 
 are in Official Records . . . Armies , 
 ser. 4, vol. 2, p. 955-959, and vol. 
 
 3, p. 733-734. William A. Albaugh, 
 rn, and Edward N. Simmons, Con¬ 
 federate Arms (Harrisburg, Pa., 
 
 1957); John D. Capron, "Virginia 
 Iron Furnaces of the Confederacy, " 
 
 Virginia Cavalcade, 17:10-18 (Au- 
 tumn 1967); C. S. A. Ordnance De¬ 
 partment, The Field Manual for the 
 Use of the Officers on Ordnance 
 Duty (Richmond, 1862); C.S. A. Ord- 
 nance Department, Regulations for 
 the Government of the Ordnance De ¬ 
 partment of the Confederate States 
 of America (Richmond, 1862); C. S. A. 
 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance 
 
 War Department, The Ordnance 
 Manual for the Use of the Officers of 
 
 the Confederate States Army (Rich¬ 
 
 mond, 1863); Charles B. Dew, Iron- 
 maker to the Confederacy; Joseph R. 
 
 ■^derson and the Tredegar Ironworks 
 
 (New Haven and London, 1966); Josiah 
 
 Gorgas, "Notes on the Ordnance De¬ 
 partment of the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment, " Southern Historical Society 
 Papers , 12:67-94 (Jan. -Feb. 1884): 
 Official Records . . . Armies, ser. 
 
 4, vols. 1-3, passim; Samuel B. 
 Thompson, Confederate Purchasing 
 Operations Abroad (Chapel Hill, 1935); 
 Frank E. Vandiver, Ploughshares 
 Into Swords; Josiah Gorgas and Con ¬ 
 
 federate Ordnance (Austin, 1952). 
 
 Record Group 59 . —A file of intercepted letters among the general 
 records of the Department of State contains some documents regarding the 
 importation of war supplies by the Confederacy. These include a letter 
 from Caleb Huse to Josiah Gorgas, Apr. 1, 1862; an agreement between 
 Huse and the Mercantile Trading Co. of London, July 23, 1863, with four 
 letters from Huse to Edgar P. Stringer concerning that agreement, July- 
 Sept. 1863; and an agreement between the Ordnance Bureau and C. E. Thor- 
 burn on behalf of himself and Messrs. Charles H. Reid & Co. and other 
 parties of London to run steamers on joint account between St. George, 
 Bermuda, and Nassau, N. P., and either Charleston or Wilmington, and 
 two letters from Stringer to Thorburn, Oct. 3, 1863. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Some records of the Richmond office of the Bur¬ 
 eau of Ordnance are in the War Department CoUection of Confederate 
 Records, but the Bureau’s records were not preserved intact. 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 217 
 
 Miscellaneous ordnance records, 1861-65 (2 in.), consist of Ordnance Bur¬ 
 eau circulars, general orders, and special orders embodying instructions 
 to commanding officers of arsenals and other ordnance officers; a few 
 pieces of correspondence; inventories of ordnance and ordnance stores; 
 inventories of ammunition; property returns; and abstracts of ordnance 
 and ordnance stores issued, articles fabricated, and articles purchased 
 and not paid for. Some papers relate to ammunition supply, 1862-64 (3 1/2 
 in.), and include drawings for irons for gun carriages, irons for limber, 
 a 24-pounder carriage wheel, a 24-pounder gun carriage, and a 12-pounder 
 gun carriage. Other ordnance drawings in this record group depict a 6- 
 pounder bronze field gun, a 12-pounder Napoleon with carriage, irons for 
 field carriages, a 24-pounder howitzer carriage and irons, a carriage 
 wheel, and a design of a submarine vessel bearing a torpedo. There is a 
 book of invoices of ordnance supplies sent to various stations, Dec. 25, 
 1861-Aug. 30, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 108). An abstract of ordnance and stores 
 received at Enterprise, Miss., and Selma, Ala., during the first quarter 
 of 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 149) is available as are other abstracts, 1862-64, for 
 arsenals or depots at Charleston, Columbus (Miss.), Memphis, Richmond, 
 Selma, and the Macon Central Laboratory. 
 
 Correspondence of the Chief 
 of the Bureau of Ordnance and of 
 ordnance officers is in a number of 
 other files described elsewhere in 
 this chapter. These include the let- 
 ters-sent books and the letters-re- 
 ceived files of the Secretary of War, 
 the Adjutant and Inspector General, 
 and the Quartermaster General. 
 Because there are so many original 
 letters addressed to Josiah Gorgas 
 in the compiled military service 
 records of Confederate general and 
 staff officers (described in chapter 
 XI of this Guide) it is probable that 
 there survived at least a partial 
 file of letters received of the Bur¬ 
 eau of Ordnance. Other letters from 
 that file were placed in other 
 compiled files, such as the naval 
 service records (Record Group 109), 
 in which the file for Comdr. John 
 M. Brooke contains letters to Gor¬ 
 gas dated Apr. 18, Apr. 19, May 9, 
 Nov. 4, Nov. 20, and Nov. 27, 1863, 
 and letters dated Dec. 17, 1862, and 
 Jan. 6, 1864, to Maj. William S. 
 Downer, superintendent of the Rich¬ 
 mond Armory. The compiled mili¬ 
 tary service records of Confederate 
 general and staff officers including 
 ordnance officers also contain copies 
 of reports and returns that were 
 
 submitted to the Ordnance Bureau 
 and invoices and receipts relating to 
 ordnance stores. The letters-sent 
 and letters-received files that are 
 available for arsenals contain many 
 letters to and from the Chief of the 
 Bureau of Ordnance (see the descrip¬ 
 tions below). 
 
 Correspondence files of arsen¬ 
 als and ordnance depots contain some 
 letters to and from arsenals for which 
 there are no separate records. 
 
 Other correspondence and reports 
 and returns relating to arsenals are 
 also in the compiled military service 
 records of Confederate general and 
 staff officers. As some officers 
 who became attached to the Niter and 
 Mining Bureau had previously served 
 as ordnance officers, their files in 
 the compiled military service re¬ 
 cords of Confederate organizations 
 contain documents on those duties. 
 Some documents relating to ordnance 
 officers are also likely to be found in 
 the files of other subdivisions of the 
 War Department, including the Office 
 of the Secretary of War, the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General’s Office, and 
 the Quartermaster General’s Office. 
 Confederate papers relating to citi¬ 
 zens or business firms, described 
 in chapter XI, include papers on 
 
218 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 arsenals, on industrial firms that 
 had contracts with the Government, 
 and on individuals employed by those 
 firms. The payrolls of civilian 
 employees described with the re¬ 
 cords of the Quartermaster General’s 
 
 Office include rolls for ordnance 
 establishments. Inspection reports 
 among the records of the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General’s Office in¬ 
 clude reports on arsenals. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Josiah Gorgas papers in the Univer¬ 
 sity of Alabama Library include correspondence on his duties as Chief of 
 the Bureau of Ordnance and diaries that cover the war period. Invoices of 
 ordnance and ordnance stores, 1861-63 (1 vol.), are in the American Anti¬ 
 quarian Society collections. A list of women employed in the Ordnance 
 Bureau, 1864, is in the Juliana Dorsey papers in the William and Mary 
 College Library. 
 
 Frank E. Vandiver, ed., The 
 Civil War Diary of General Josiah 
 Gorgas (University, Ala., 1947). 
 
 Letters of Maj. Smith Stansbury to 
 Josiah Gorgas, the Secretary of 
 War, Caleb Huse, Norman S. Walk¬ 
 er, and others, June-Nov. 1863, are 
 in Frank E. Vandiver, ed., Confed ¬ 
 erate Blockade Running Through 
 Bermuda, 1861-1865; Letters and 
 
 Cargo M^ifests, p. 71-103 (AusUn, 
 
 TexI, 1947). The records of indus¬ 
 trial firms, such as the Tredegar 
 Iron Works in the Archives Division, 
 Virginia State Library, and the 
 Brierfield Iron Works and the Shelby 
 
 Iron Company in the University of 
 Alabama Library, document their 
 dealings with the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment. James F. Doster, ’’The Shelby 
 Iron Works Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of Alabama Library, ” Business 
 History Society Bulletin, 26:214-217 
 (Dec. 1952). Papers of Joseph R. 
 Anderson, the proprietor of the Tred¬ 
 egar Iron Works, are in the Henry E. 
 Huntington Library. An account fcxDok 
 (1861-63) of Edward R. Archer, the 
 superintendent of the Tredegar gun 
 foundry, is in the Virginia Historical 
 Society collections. 
 
 Arsenals, Armories, and Ordnance Depots 
 
 The Bureau of Ordnance administered a system of ordnance estab¬ 
 lishments taken over from the States of the Confederacy or founded by the 
 Confederate Government. Former U. S. arsenals at Augusta, Ga., Apa¬ 
 lachicola, Fla., Baton Rouge, La., Charleston, S.C., Fayetteville, N.C., 
 Harpers Ferry, Va., Little Rock, Ark., Mount Vernon, Ala., and San 
 Antonio, Tex., became Confederate property in 1861. Since these ola arse¬ 
 nals had been used chiefly for the storage of ordnance and ordnance stores 
 and lacked machinery and skilled workmen, the Bureau had to provide man¬ 
 ufacturing facilities not only for new arsenals but at the captured ones. 
 
 Officers on ordnance duty had charge of all arsenals, powder mills, 
 ordnance depots, and magazines and furnished arms, ordnance, and ord¬ 
 nance stores to military commands on the receipt of proper requisitions. 
 Arsenals usually contained armories for the manufacture or repair of arms 
 and laboratories for the manufacture of cartridges, shells, and other muni¬ 
 tions, in addition to leather, tin, carpenter, and machine shops. Authority 
 given to the commanding officers of arsenals and ordnance depots in 1861 to 
 contract for arms and ordnance stores was limited in 1863 to purchases or 
 contracts amounting to less than $10,000 without prior clearance through 
 the Bureau of Ordnance. Arsenal commanders sometimes assigned ordnance 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 219 
 
 officers to arms factories for inspection duties. 
 
 Personnel of arsenals included soldiers attached to the corps of ar¬ 
 tillery, other detailed enlisted men, slaves hired from their owners, white 
 mechanics exempted from the draft, and women and boys. An act of Mar. 
 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 50), authorized the enlistment of not 
 more than 100 armorers, carriagemakers, blacksmiths, artificers, and 
 laborers who were to be attached to the Corps of Artillery for ordnance 
 service. In Nov. 1863 two-thirds of the 5,090 workers at arsenals, armo¬ 
 ries, and similar installations were nonconscripts, disabled soldiers, 
 women, boys, and slaves. Attempts to import skilled mechanics were un¬ 
 successful. Despite the shortage of workers, 742 employees of arsenals 
 and contractors’ factories of draft age had to be released to enrolling offi¬ 
 cers toward the end of 1864 (AIGO General Order 82, Oct. 20, 1864). 
 
 Lester J. Cappon, ”A Note Military Affairs, 4:94-102 (Summer 
 on Confederate Ordnance Records, ” 1940). 
 
 Apalachicola Arsenal (Fla.) 
 
 The State of Florida seized this former U. S. arsenal on Jan. 6, 1861, 
 and found a small quantity of arms, but the arsenal was not used for manu¬ 
 facturing during the war. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Asheville Armory (N. C. ) 
 
 Originally a private arms factory, this establishment was taken over 
 by the Confederate Government early in the war. It manufactured rifles 
 similar to the British Enfield. Near the end of 1863 the operatives and 
 machinery were moved to the Columbia Arsenal (S. C.). 
 
 Successive commanders of this armory: 
 
 Capt. Benjamin Sloan. 
 
 Capt. C. C. McPhail, Sept. 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library has a record book of the Asheville Armory, Dec. 24, 1861- 
 May 31, 1864 (1 vol., 387 p.). It contains fair copies of letters sent to the 
 Chief of Ordnance and other officers attached to the Bureau of Ordnance, 
 the commanding officers of armories and arsenals at Richmond, Fayette¬ 
 ville, Macon, and Columbia, industrial and business firms. State military 
 authorities, the commandant of conscripts of North Carolina, slaveowners, 
 the Niter and Mining Bureau, and enrolling, ordnance, and quartermaster 
 officers. Also in this book are reports on work done, orders to personnel 
 of the armory, a record of furloughs, statements of money received and 
 expended, lists of workmen, and statements of wages and personnel. 
 
 Atlanta Arsenal (Ga.) 
 
 This plant was established in 1862 in a number of buildings that were 
 partly equipped with machinery from other ordnance works at Vicksburg, 
 Holly Springs, Knoxville, and Nashville. No arms were made; but many 
 were repaired, and ordnance stores were supplied to the Army of Tennessee. 
 Before the capture of Atlanta by Sherman’s army in Nov. 1864, the arsenal 
 was moved to Columbus, Ga. 
 
220 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 The commander of the arsenal was Maj. M. H. Wright. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Record books of the Atlanta Arsenal are in the 
 War Department Collection of Confederate Records. Press copies of letters 
 and telegrams sent, Mar. 6, 1862-July 21, 1863, and Feb. 5-July 9, 1864 
 (ch. IV, vol. 8, p. 109-230, and vols. 10-12 and 16), include communications 
 from Captain Wright to the Chief of Ordnance in Richmond, commanders of 
 arsenals, enrolling officers, ordnance and quartermaster and other Army 
 officers, industrial and business firms. Ordnance Department agents, em¬ 
 ployees of the Atlanta Arsenal, and railroad agents. Other press copies of 
 letters sent. Mar. 12-Aug. 23, 1862, Sept. 5, 1862-Feb. 5, 1864 (ch. IV, 
 vol. 9, p. 208-498, and vols. 14 and 15), concern invoices and receipts for 
 ordnance stores issued and received. A record of letters mailed, Apr. 1, 
 1862-July 8, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 85), shows the date, the name of the person 
 and place to which the letter was sent, and the cost of postage, and there is 
 an order book. Mar. 26, 1862-Mar. 28, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 77). The latter 
 contains also an employees’ furlough record. A memorandum book. Mar. 
 18-June 1, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 79), contains copies of advertisements to be 
 published in newspapers and instructions to personnel. A timebook of em¬ 
 ployees, Mar. 1862-Aug. 1864 (ch. IV, vols. 81, 84, 106, 112 1/2, and 130), 
 shows employees’ names, days worked, rate of pay, amounts paid, and 
 occupations. There is also a record of contracts for ordnance, ordnance 
 stores, and materials, Jan. 9, 1862-June 14, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 78), show¬ 
 ing quantities to be delivered, the price, and contractors’ names. Record 
 books of ordnance stores received and issued, Apr. 26, 1862-Mar. 20, 1863, 
 Aug. 19-Nov. 30, 1863, and Dec. 1863-July 1864 (ch. IV, vols. 17-19, 
 
 79 1/2, 88), show the kinds of articles and the names of persons from whom 
 received or to whom issued. With a similar record of a few pages for 1862 
 (ch. rv, vol. 86) there are, near the back of the same book, a record of 
 conscripts assigned to contractors in 1864 and a record of employees in 
 different departments of the arsenal in 1864. Some invoices for ordnance 
 stores, office supplies, and lumber purchased, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 80), are 
 bound in a volume in chronological order. A record of ordnance stores 
 passing through Atlanta, Mar. 1863-July 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 87), contains a 
 daily record of the kinds of articles, the places from and to which shipped, 
 and the names of railroads. Several other books relating in part to the 
 Atlanta Arsenal are described under the Nashville Arsenal. Another book 
 contains in one end a record of the repair and cleaning of machinery. Sept. 
 1864-Jan. 1865, and in the other end a record of the repair and cleaning of 
 arms. Mar. -Nov. 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 82). 
 
 Augusta Arsenal and Powder Works (Ga.) 
 
 On Jan. 24, 1861, Georgia forces captured the U.S. Arsenal at Augus¬ 
 ta, and in Sept. 1861 construction of Confederate powder works on the banks 
 of the Augusta Canal began. The old arsenal was converted into an armory, 
 and three private foundries and machine works were acquired and enlarged 
 for manufacturing purposes. The powder works included saltpeter and sul¬ 
 phur refineries, charcoal furnaces, a laboratory, incorporating mills, 
 granulating building, and a magazine. Large quantities of cartridges, fixed 
 ammunition, signal rockets, fuses, primers, grenades, nitric acid, fulmi¬ 
 nate of mercury, and percussion caps were produced. The arsenal also 
 manufactured bronze field artillery, gun carriages, caissons, battery wag¬ 
 ons, limbers for field artillery, travelling forges, ammunition and powder 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 221 
 
 boxes, horseshoes, saddles, artillery harness, cartridge bags, knapsacks, 
 and artillery projectiles. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. W. G. GUI, Aug. 3, 1861. 
 
 Col. George W. Rains, Apr. 12, 1862. 
 
 George W. Rains, History of (Augusta, Ga., 1882). 
 the Confederate Powder Works 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of the Augusta Arsenal that were re¬ 
 ceived from the Office of the Chief of Ordnance of the United States are now 
 in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. They include: 
 daUy reports of work performed in the powder factory, Nov. 30, 1862-Apr. 
 28, 1865 (2 vols.), a record of invoices of ordnance stores turned over to 
 quartermasters for transportation by the mUitary storekeeper, July 1, 1862- 
 Nov. 25, 1863, a record of ordnance stores issued by the mUitary store¬ 
 keeper, Nov. 1863-Apr. 1865, a record of Government stores received and 
 issued at the powder factory, Jan. 21, 1863-Feb. 9, 1865 (1 vol.), a record 
 of ordnance and ordnance stores ready for shipment, Oct. 1, 1863-Feb. 8, 
 1865 (1 vol.), a record of ordnance and ordnance stores on hand and received 
 and of deliveries made, Apr. 1-Oct. 17, 1864 (1 vol.), a record of expendi¬ 
 tures, Sept. 12-Oct. 28, 1861, a record of stores received and issued by 
 the powder factory, 1862-65, a record of receipts and issues of powder by 
 the magazine, Apr. 1862-Apr. 1865, a record of damaged powder received 
 and issued and of blasting powder made, issued, and on hand, Jan. 22, 1863- 
 Apr. 3, 1865, weekly reports of operations, Jan. 1863-Apr. 1865, a record 
 of invoices of ordnance stores and gunpowder turned over by the military 
 storekeeper for transportation, Apr. 14, 1862-Nov. 19, 1865, and a record 
 of receipts and issues of gunpowder by the military storekeeper, Nov. 1863- 
 Jan. 1865. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The George W. Rains papers in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library 
 include a few letters from Josiah Gorgas, Gen. Benjamin Huger, J. H. 
 Hammond, and Maj. Lachlan H. McIntosh, ordnance officer of the State of 
 Georgia. Some photostats of Rains letters with the Texas Archives at the 
 University of Texas Library include a few other letters from Gorgas and 
 Hammond and alerter from Rains to Catesby apR. Jones, commander of the 
 Naval Ordnance Works at Selma, Ala. Correspondence and orders of Capt. 
 Victor J. B. Girardy, adjutant of the arsenal, 1863-64 (1 vol.), are in Duke 
 University Library. 
 
 Baton Rouge Arsenal (La. ) 
 
 The U.S. arsenal at Baton Rouge was surrendered to Louisiana State 
 forces on Jan. 10, 1861, and later transferred to Confederate control. By 
 the fall of 1861 it was producing small-arms ammunition and preparing to 
 make field artillery. Baton Rouge was held by Union troops from Dec. 17, 
 1862, until the end of the war. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Capt. John C. Booth. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
222 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Bellona Arsenal (Va.) 
 
 AnoldU.S. arsenal at Bellona, in Chesterfield County, Va., 13 miles 
 up the James River from Richmond, was being used as a private foundry by 
 Dr. Junius L. Archer at the outbreak of the war. It was later taken over 
 by the Confederate Government. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal during 1863-64 was Maj. R. Milton 
 
 Cary. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Charleston Arsenal (S.C. ) 
 
 Seized by the State of South Carolina on Dec. 30, 1861, this arsenal 
 was later turned over to the Confederate Government. It manufactured 
 small-arms ammunition and projectiles for use by the defenses of Charles¬ 
 ton harbor. The arsenal was evacuated in Feb. 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. Frederick L. Childs, July 1861. 
 
 Capt. J. T. Trezevant, ca. Jan. 1863. 
 
 Maj. Nathaniel R. Chambliss, Dec. 10, 1863. 
 
 Capt. C. C. Pinckney, 1864. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Clarksville Ordnance Harness Shops (Va. ) 
 
 In May 1862 this facility was moved from Richmond to Clarksville 
 and continued in operation until the end of the war. It produced artillery 
 and cavalry saddles and harness and cartridge and cap boxes. 
 
 Successive superintendents of the shops: 
 
 Henry Pride, 1862. 
 
 Capt. John Kane, 1864. 
 
 No records have been found for these shops, but the records of the 
 Richmond Armory, to which the shops were subordinate, contain consider¬ 
 able correspondence with the superintendents. 
 
 Columbia Arsenal (S. C.) 
 
 This arsenal was established at the end of 1863, and the Asheville 
 Armory (N. C.) was moved to Columbia to become part of it. The arsenal 
 also included a laboratory. The armory produced few if any arms before 
 its destruction along with the rest of the arsenal by General Sherman’s 
 army in Feb. 1865. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Maj. J. T. Trezevant. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Columbus Arsenal (Ga. ) 
 
 In 1862 Capt. F. C. Humphreys established this arsenal with machin¬ 
 ery brought from Baton Rouge, La. Small-arms ammunition, artillery 
 shells, harness, and knapsacks produced here were shipped to the Army of 
 Tennessee and to troops on the coast south of Charleston, and toward the 
 end of the war a pistol factory began operations under Maj. James Harding. 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 223 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. F. C. Humphreys, 1862. 
 
 Col. M. H. Wright, Sept. 5, 1864. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Columbus (Briarfield) Arsenal (Miss. ) 
 
 Early in 1862 after the Confederate defeat in Tennessee ordnance 
 property was moved from there and a site selected for an arsenal in Colum¬ 
 bus to manufacture and repair small arms and fabricate cartridges, fuses, 
 and caps. The arsenal was moved early in 1863 to Selma, Ala. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Maj. William R. Hunt, 1862. 
 
 Capt. J. T. Trezevant, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Col. James L. White, Dec. 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —There is an inventory of public property at the 
 Columbus Arsenal, Sept. 30, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 149). 
 
 Dalton Ordnance Depot (Ga.) 
 
 In Aug. 1862 Lt. Col. Hypolite Oladowski established a depot at Dalton 
 to supply the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Fair copies of letters and telegrams sent, Aug. 
 21, 1862-Apr. 6, 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 25, p. 37-202), are to commanders of 
 arsenals at Atlanta, Charleston, and Augusta, to ordnance officers in 
 Georgia, Tennessee, South Carolina, and Alabama, to Colonel Oladowski, 
 to Col. Josiah Gorgas, and to quartermaster officers. A record book of 
 the military storekeeper, Aug. 1862-Apr. 1863 (ch. IV, vols. 133 and 145), 
 includes invoices of ordnance stores issued, Nov. -Dec. 1862. There are 
 invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores transferred. Sept. 4, 1862-Apr. 
 
 3, 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 113), a record of supplies. Sept. 1862-Feb. 1863 (ch. 
 IV, vol. 117), and invoices and receipts for ordnance and ordnance stores 
 received, Aug. 1862-Mar. 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 79 1/2). 
 
 Danville Ordnance Depot (Va.) 
 
 The commander of this depot during 1862-65 was Capt. E. S. Hutter. 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 
 Fayetteville Arsenal and Armory (N. C.) 
 
 Captured by North Carolina militia on Apr. 22, 1861, this arsenal was 
 used by the State until transferred to the Confederate Government. The 
 armory manufactured and repaired pistols and rifles, and the laboratory 
 made alnmunition. The arsenal was destroyed by Sherman’s army in Mar. 
 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. John C. Booth, July 1861. 
 
 Lt. Col. Julius A. DeLagnel, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Frederick L. Childs, Apr. 1863. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
224 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Greensboro Ordnance Depot (N. C. ) 
 
 AIGO General Order 13 of Jan. 31, 1863, announced that the depot at 
 Greensboro was to be under the supervision of the War Department and was 
 to receive orders directly from the Bureau of Ordnance. 
 
 Capt A. G. Brenizer had become the commander in 1862. 
 
 No records of this depot have been found. 
 
 Holly Springs Armory (Miss.) 
 
 In 1862 the Confederate Government bought the Holly Springs arms 
 factory ot Jones, McElwain & Co., which had been given a government 
 contract in 1861 for the manufacture of arms. W. S. McElwain became the 
 master armorer for the armory. Late in 1862 Union forces occupied Holly 
 Springs. 
 
 The superintendent was William L. Broun. 
 
 No records of this armory have been found. 
 
 Jackson Arsenal (Miss.) 
 
 AIGO Special Order 241 of Oct. 15, 1862, announced that the ordnance 
 depot at Jackson was to be an arsenal under the supervision of the Bureau 
 of Ordnance. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Col. Philip Stockton. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Lynchburg Ordnance Depot (Va.) 
 
 This ordnance depot included a laboratory that made cartridges and 
 rnini^ balls. General Gorgas stated in his "Notes” that the shops were 
 moved to Danville. 
 
 The commander during 1862-63 was Capt. G. T. Getty. 
 
 No records of this depot have been found. 
 
 Macon Armory (Ga.) 
 
 In 1862 the Bureau of Ordnance began construction of a permanent 
 armory at Macon. It manufactured gunstocks to send to the armories at 
 Richmond and Fayetteville and repaired thousands of muskets, rifles, and 
 carbines. Early in 1864 the Government bought the Spiller & Burr pistol 
 factory at Atlanta and transferred the machinery to the Macon Armory for 
 pistol manufacture. In Nov. 1864 the machinery was transported to Colum¬ 
 bia, S. C. 
 
 Successive commanders of this armory: 
 
 Col. James H. Burton, 1862. 
 
 Col. Richard M. Cuyler, acting. May 1863. 
 
 Col. James H. Burton, 1863. 
 
 Record Group 109 . --Correspondence, orders, and other records of 
 the Macon Armory are in the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records. Fair copies of letters and telegrams sent by the superintendent, 
 June 4, 1862-Apr. 17, 1865 (ch. IV, vols. 20, 29, and 31), are to the Chief 
 of the Bureau of Ordnance, commanders of arsenals and armories, the 
 superintendent of the Central Laboratory at Macon, industrial and business 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 225 
 
 firms, the War Department agent at Wilmington, officers attached to the 
 armory, enrolling officers, superintendents of Niter and Mining Bureau 
 districts, the Chief Commissary of the State of Georgia, the tax-in-kind 
 agent, the provost marshal at Macon, the surgeon of the Macon hospital, owners 
 of slaves hired, and others. These volumes contain also summary state¬ 
 ments of work done on the construction of the armory. The superintendent’s 
 book, July 25, 1862-Apr. 4, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 49), contains fair copies of 
 orders regarding the administration and operation of the armory, the armo¬ 
 ry guard, the military company, musters, and personnel matters. Fair 
 copies of letters sent by the master armorer (Jesse Fuss), Dec. 30, 1862- 
 Apr. 11, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 30), are to Colonel Burton, the foremen of shops, 
 the paymaster and military storekeeper, and other employees. 
 
 The records include a roll of employees, 1863-65 (ch. IV, vol. 46), 
 a list of employees on furlough. Mar. 17, 1864-Apr. 16, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 
 72), a record of slaves employed by the master builder, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 
 75), and a record of employees of the master armorer’s office, n. d. (ch. 
 
 IV, vol. 53). 
 
 Several account books show expenditures for materials and services. 
 There are accounts with contractors, 1863-64 (ch. IV, vol. 76), machinery, 
 building and other accounts, 1862-64 (ch. IV, vol. 40), a small account 
 book, apparently of the master armorer, Dec. 1863-May 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 
 65), a record of machine department accounts approved for payment, Oct. 
 
 1862- Apr. 1864 (ch. IV, part of vol. 64), an account book for Oct. 2-15, 
 
 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 68), and a record book relating to lumber received, Dec. 
 
 1863- Feb. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 69). Information regarding lumber purchased 
 during Feb. 27-Mar. 27, 1863, is in an unnumbered booklet. 
 
 A record of gunstocks machined and pistols manufactured, Dec. 1862- 
 Nov. 1864 (ch. IV, vols. 1 and 2), is available. Returns of employees and 
 articles manufactured, June 1864-Feb. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 42), consist of 
 monthly records of the types and numbers of employees and the types and 
 quantities of arms and appendages manufactured. A record of repairs and 
 machine work performed, Oct. 1864-Mar. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 35), shows 
 for each employee the days worked during the month, the number of hours 
 worked, and the kind of work. Returns of work done, Aug. 1862, July 1863- 
 Aug. 1864, Jan, 1865 (4 in.), include returns of Negro laborers, carpenters, 
 and bricklayers; white bricklayers and carpenters; and employees of the 
 pistol and machine departments and stock shop. A foreman’s monthly time- 
 book, incompletely identified, June 1-Oct. 31, 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 119), may 
 be a record of the Macon Armory. 
 
 Other records concern stores. A record of the delivery and receipt 
 of ordnance stores and other supplies. Mar. 20, 1862-Oct. 7, 1863 (ch. 
 rv, vols. 73 and 74), and a record of supplies, Mayl862-July 1863 (ch. V, 
 vol. 143), are available. 
 
 A few other brief records exist. Some requisitions for supplies and 
 materials are in the form of brief letters sent by the superintendent. Sept. 
 
 23, 1862-Dec. 18, 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 66). Stubs of orders for articles, 
 
 June 13, 1864-Mar. 24, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 61 3/4), show the name of the 
 person or firm from whom ordered, the kinds of articles, and the quantity. 
 
 A master builder’s department foreman’s tool book, 1863-64 (1 vol.), shows 
 the kinds, number, and value of tools received from the military storekeeper 
 and the number and value of those on hand at different times. Single docu¬ 
 ments include an inventory of stores and machines in the workshops with a 
 report of operations causing an increase or decrease since the last inventory. 
 
226 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 June 30, 1864, and a return of materials and equipment on hand for the 
 fourth quarter of 1864. 
 
 Records relating to the pistol department and its predecessor include an 
 undated price book (ch. IV, vol. 55), showing the prices of components and of 
 piece work performed, a record of work performed by or for different companies 
 and persons, n. d. (ch. IV, vols. 56 and 57), aforeman’s monthly timebook, 
 Feb. 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 54), and a record of pistols fabricated, Oct. 
 1864-Feb. 1865, There are also timebooks of the pistol works. Sept. 1859- 
 Mar. 1861 (ch. IV, vol, 47), and the Macon Pistol Manufacturing Co., 1863 
 (ch. IV, vol. 112). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Manuscripts of James H. Burton con¬ 
 cerning his work in producing small arms for the Confederacy and his 
 diary for the period are in Yale University Library (microfilm in the Texas 
 Archives, University of Texas Library). 
 
 Macon Arsenal (Ga. ) 
 
 In 1862 the ordnance laboratory at Savannah was moved to Macon for 
 use with the arms factory of D. C. Hodgkins & Son and the Findlay Iron 
 Works, which had been leased and converted as an arsenal. The arsenal 
 fabricated and repaired field artillery, accoutrements, and edged weapons, 
 and ammunition was made at the laboratory. The arsenal also stored pow¬ 
 der for the Confederate Navy. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Capt. Richard M. Cuyler. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Correspondence and other records of the Macon 
 Arsenal are in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. 
 There are press copies of letters sent, Apr. 4-17, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 32), 
 to Col. G. W. Rains, Col. J. H. Burton, Capt. J. W. Mallet, other Army 
 officers, industrial firms, and Lt. Augustus McLaughlin, C.S. N., at Co¬ 
 lumbus, Ga. The telegrams in a press copy book of telegrams sent. May 
 9, 1862-Apr. 19, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 101), are addressed mainly to Army 
 officers, including the Chiefs of the Bureau of Ordnance and the Niter and 
 Mining Bureau. A letters-received file, May-Oct. 1862 (ch. IV, vols. 3, 
 
 4, 6, and 36), contains letters from the same category of correspondents. 
 
 A letters-sent book of the military storekeeper, Nov. 20, 1862-Jan. 12, 
 
 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 33), contains fair copies of communications from Rich¬ 
 ard Lambert to the Chief of Ordnance at Richmond, commanding officers of 
 arsenals, other Army officers, industrial firms, the Assistant Treasurer 
 at Charleston, and the depositary at Augusta. An order book. Sept. 19, 
 
 1862- May 12, 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 7), contains AIGO general and special 
 orders and orders of the headquarters of the Department of South Carolina 
 and Georgia concerning personnel, instructions and orders from the Ord¬ 
 nance Bureau, and circulars and memoranda of the Central Laboratory. 
 
 Other records relate to work performed, employees, equipment, and 
 stores. Among these are a record of machine and other work performed, 
 July-Dee. 1862 (ch. IV, vols. 21 and 22), a foreman’s monthly timebook, 
 
 Nov. 1863-Sept. 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 48), an inventory of tools and machines, 
 
 1863- 64 (ch. IV, vol. 39), some daily reports of ordnance and ordnance 
 stores on hand, Mar. 13, 1863-July 4, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 58), receipts for 
 ordnance stores, Jan. 23, 1864-Feb. 28, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 83), stubs of 
 orders for supplies obtained by the military storekeeper, Nov. 28, 1863- 
 Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 61 1/4), an inventory of ordnance and ordnance 
 stores on hand, Jan. 1, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 59 1/2), and a record of clothing 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 227 
 
 and shoes issued to detailed soldiers and slaves, 1864-65 (ch. IV, vol. 60). 
 Macon Central Laboratory (Ga.) 
 
 After a visit to arsenals and laboratories in the southernmost part of 
 the Confederacy in the summer of 1862, John W. Mallet, a chemist who 
 had been employed by the Bureau of Ordnance, recommended establishing 
 an ordnance laboratory at Macon. After receiving the necessary instruc¬ 
 tions from Lieutenant Colonel Gorgas, Mallet selected a site near Macon, 
 and construction of the laboratory buildings was begun toward the end of 
 the year. Like the armory buildings at Macon, these were intended to be 
 large permanent structures, but they were only partially completed. Im¬ 
 proving the quality of gunpowder and other pyrotechnics manufactured by 
 Confederate ordnance laboratories was the objective of the Central Labora¬ 
 tory. 
 
 The commander of this laboratory was Col. John W. Mallet. 
 
 Walter A. Harris, ”By Right 
 of Conquest; the Confederate Lab¬ 
 oratory at Macon, " Georgia Bar 
 Journal, 10:428-436 (May 1948); 
 John W. Mallet, "Memoranda of 
 My Life for My Children, " manu¬ 
 
 script in the University of Virginia 
 Library; [John W. MaUet, ] "Work 
 of the Confederate Ordnance Bureau, " 
 Southern Historical Society Papers , 
 37:1-20 (1909): Vandiver, Gorgas, 
 
 passim. 
 
 Record Group 94 . —In Dec. 1899 the War Department received some 
 Confederate military papers from John W. Mallet, who was then a member 
 of the faculty of the University of Virginia. Some of these papers and a 
 catalog of those received are in Record and Pension Office document file 
 no. 568,231. They include correspondence between Mallet and Josiah Gor¬ 
 gas; letters and telegrams from ordnance officers; reports on experiments 
 with powder, fuses, and artillery; a report of the board appointed to inquire 
 into the causes of an explosion that occurred in the laboratory on Brown’s 
 Island, Richmond, in 1863; printed rules and examination questions for 
 candidates for appointments in the artillery corps as ordnance officers; a 
 report of operations of the laboratory department of the Augusta Arsenal, 
 Apr. 1, 1864; and a list of the number and calibers of guns in the Depart¬ 
 ment of the Gulf, Sept. 24, 1863. Plans or drawings of fuses, shell, a 30- 
 pounder Parrot, and a 30-pounder rifled gun are in a separate container. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Correspondence and other records of the Central 
 Laboratory are in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. 
 Letters-sent books. May 27, 1862-Apr. 12, 1864 (ch. IV, vols. 24 and 28), 
 contain fair copies of outgoing communications. Letters of May-Oct. 1862 
 were written from Richmond and other points in the South where Major 
 Mallet inspected arsenals and laboratories; letters from Macon begin on 
 Oct. 7. The letters are addressed to Josiah Gorgas, Isaac M. St. John, 
 commanders of arsenals and ordnance depots, industrial, mining, and 
 business companies, superintendents of Niter and Mining Bureau districts, 
 ordnance officers, quartermasters, commissaries. Col. W. M. Wadley, 
 railroad presidents and agents, and slaveowners. These books also contain 
 advertisements for proposals, consolidated returns of chemical laboratory 
 stores on hand at arsenals, circulars sent to ordnance laboratories, and 
 drawings as enclosures. There are also some fair copies of telegrams 
 sent, Oct. 28, 1863-Apr. 17, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 52), addressed to many of 
 
228 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 those mentioned above. Letters and telegrams received, June 23, 1862- 
 Apr. 3, 1865 (ch. IV, vols. 5, 37, and 38), are from the above correspon¬ 
 dents and from military officials of the State of Georgia, the headquarters 
 of the District of Georgia, and private individuals. Besides original letters 
 from the Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance there are letters written to him 
 by officers and others regarding inventions, powder, and cartridges. Let¬ 
 ters and telegrams sent by the military storekeeper (W. H. McMain), Apr. 
 9, 1863-Apr. 14, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 25, p. 202-260, and vols. 26, 27, and 
 34), are to Josiah Gorgas, commanding officers of ordnance works, busi¬ 
 nessmen, slaveowners, quartermasters. Niter and Mining Bureau officers, 
 and others. 
 
 Other records concern the administration of the laboratory, its per¬ 
 sonnel, and work performed. There are incomplete files of general orders. 
 Sept. 1, 1864-Mar. 8, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 51), and special orders, Aug. 24, 
 1864-Apr. 8, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 50). There is a return of hired men, Dec. 
 1862-Mar. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 102); and in the same volume there are state¬ 
 ments of appropriation receipts and expenditures, 1862-64, a rent roll of 
 quarters belonging to the Central Laboratory, Sept. 1864-Mar. 1865, a 
 statement of ordnance and ordnance stores sold to officers and contractors. 
 Sept. -Oct. 1864 and Jan. -Mar. 1865, and a statement of the tax in kind 
 received, 1864. A roll book of white employees, 1864-65 (ch. IV, vol. 43), 
 contains names, occupation, status (e. g., conscript, exempt, detailed, 
 medical disability, civilian), rate of pay, and information on leave, fur¬ 
 lough, resignation, or desertion. A record of details, 1863-65 (ch. IV, vol. 
 71), shows name, rank or status, age, occupation, by whom detailed, dates 
 and expiration of detail, and sometimes additional information on renewal 
 of detail, relief for disability, and release to the Army. Daily reports of 
 operations. Mar. 2, 1863-Aug. 20, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 59), show the num¬ 
 ber of employees present each day and the number and types of small arms 
 and field ammunition worked on, completed, issued or expended, and on 
 hand. An incompletely identified record of articles fabricated, Jan. 1863- 
 Apr. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 121), may be a record of the Central Laboratory. 
 
 A record of tools and machines manufactured, Jan. 1863-Feb. 1865 (ch. IV, 
 vol. 64), shows for quarters the quantity, value, and kind of articles made. 
 
 Records of articles received, delivered, purchased, or issued usual¬ 
 ly show the kinds and quantities of articles, from whom received, or to 
 whom issued or delivered. These records include a record of receipts and 
 deliveries, Dec. 23, 1861-Feb. 11, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 62), orders from the 
 superintendent to the military storekeeper to issue supplies. Sept. 28, 1864- 
 Apr. 14, 1865 (ch. IV, vols. 61 and 61 1/2), a record of articles received 
 from other ordnance officers, Nov. 17, 1862-Apr. 5, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 45), 
 and a record of the issue of supplies to other ordnance officers, Dec. 8, 
 1862-Apr. 11, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 44). The last volume contains also a list 
 of stores lost as a result of moving laboratory property on the approach of 
 Union forces in Nov. 1864. 
 
 Other records concern supplies, materials, tools, equipment, pro¬ 
 visions, and other articles issued to employees of the laboratory and 
 building materials used for construction purposes. Included are a record 
 of receipts for articles purchased, Oct. 29, 1862-Dec. 31, 1863 (ch. IV, 
 vol. 67), a similar record for Dec. 10, 1862-Apr. 17, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 
 
 Ill), an account book of articles purchased, July 1863-Feb. 1865 (ch. IV, 
 vol. 103), a ledger of accounts for materials and manufactured products, 
 
 Oct. 1863-Mar. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 23), a record of "issues for expenditure 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 229 
 
 and use, ” Oct. 29, 1862-Apr. 12, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 41), and a record of 
 ’’gener^ issues, ” Oct. 31, 1864-Apr. 17, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 63). 
 
 A record of experiments with copper in the manufacture of percus¬ 
 sion caps is in the form of a letter from Lt. James C. Calhoun to J. W. 
 Mallet, Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 70), and is accompanied by a brief report 
 on the effects of the recoil on india-rubber blocks behind the trunnions of 
 field guns. 
 
 Montgomery Arsenal (Ala. ) 
 
 An arsenal was in operation at Montgomery by the end of 1861. Its 
 shops repaired small arms and made leather equipment. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Maj. C. G. Wagner. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Mount Vernon Arsenal (Ala.) 
 
 On Jan. 4, 1861, Alabama troops seized the U. S. Arsenal at Mount 
 Vernon. After its transfer to the Confederacy in the spring of 1861, it was 
 used to repair small arms and make ammunition. After the fall of New 
 Orleans in 1862 the Mount Vernon Arsenal was moved to Selma, Ala. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Capt. James L. White. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Nashville Arsenal (Tenn.) 
 
 This arsenal operated during 1861-62. In Dec. 1861 the ordnance de¬ 
 pot was destroyed by fire, and in Feb. 1862 the arsenal was moved to At¬ 
 lanta, Ga. 
 
 The commander of this arsenal was Lt. M. H. Wright. 
 
 Record Group 109.— Press copies of letters and telegrams sent, Dec. 
 23, 1861-Feb. 16, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 8), are to the Chief of Ordnance at 
 Richmond, commanding officers of arsenals, ordnance officers and other 
 Army officers, and industrial and business firms. There are press copies 
 of letters sent regarding invoices for ordnance stores, Dec. 25, 1861-Feb. 
 14, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 9). A contract book, Jan. 9-10, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 
 
 78), contains copies of contracts for the manufacture of ordnance stores, 
 and there are invoices, 1861 (ch. IV, vol. 80), for ordnance stores, lumber, 
 and office supplies, with quantities and prices. A timebook of the percus¬ 
 sion cap factory, June 29, 1861-Feb. 10, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 124), contains 
 a weekly record of employees. A list of ordnance and ordnance stores 
 purchased. Sept. 25-Dec. 28, 1861 (ch. IV, vol. 19, p. 1-36), shows the 
 voucher number, the firm from which purchased, date, the kind and quan¬ 
 tity of articles purchased, and the total cost. 
 
 Other volumes, similar to the above, relate to both the Nashville and 
 Atlanta arsenals. An account book of the percussion cap factory at the 
 Nashville and Atlanta arsenals, 1861-62 (ch. IV, vol. 80 1/2), shows the 
 number of percussion caps delivered. Sept. 23, 1861-Feb. 10, 1862, the 
 number of pistol caps delivered, Nov. 20, 1861-Feb. 10, 1862, and materials 
 received and delivered, Dec. 6, 1861-June 30, 1862. A cashbook of the 
 Nashville and Atlanta arsenals, Jan. 2-May 7, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 100), con¬ 
 tains a record of salary payments to employees and payments to firms and 
 persons for a variety of materials, equipment, and services. There are 
 
230 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 records of ordnance, ordnance stores, and other materials received and 
 issued, Dec. 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch, IV, vols. 104 and 105), and some original 
 invoices for ordnance stores and other supplies purchased, Apr. 1861-Aug. 
 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 80). 
 
 New Orleans Arsenal (La.) 
 
 The New Orleans Arsenal manufactured small-arms ammunition and 
 served as a depot for ordnance stores during 1861-62. 
 
 The military storekeeper was Richard Lambert. 
 
 Record Group 109. --A letters-sent book, Dec. 21, 1861-Feb. 20, 1862 
 (ch. IV, vol. 144), contains fair copies of communications sent by Lambert 
 to commanding officers of Louisiana forts, quartermasters, the Chief of 
 the Bureau of Ordnance, and other Army officers. 
 
 Richmond Armory (Va. ) 
 
 After the outbreak of war the State of Virginia began remodeling the 
 old Virginia State Armory, a two-story brick structure at the southern end 
 of Fifth Street between the James River and the canal. In June 1861 the 
 armory was turned over to the Confederate Government, machinery from 
 Harpers Ferry arsenal was installed, and in September the manufacture of 
 rifle-muskets began. Early in 1863 the Confederate Government bought the 
 S. C. Robinson Arms Manufactory and continued to make carbines with its 
 machinery. The Richmond Armory manufactured rifle-muskets, muskets, 
 and carbines, and repaired weapons retrieved from Virginia battlefields. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Lt. Col. James H. Burton, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Benjamin Sloan, Oct. 1862. 
 
 Maj. William S. Downer, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Frank F. Jones, Feb. 22, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of the Richmond Armory in the War De¬ 
 partment Collection of Confederate Records include a record of the receipt 
 of muskets altered from flint to percussion. Sept. 6-Nov. 30, 1861 (ch. IV, 
 part of vol. 116), a timebook, July 1862-Apr. 1865 (ch. IV, part of vol. 116), 
 a record of arms issued, July 1862-June 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 116 1/2), and 
 stubs of orders for the shipment of ordnance and ordnance stores, Apr. 20- 
 May 10, 1861 (ch. IV, vol. 109 1/2). An account book of supplies purchased, 
 June-Oct. 1861 (ch. FV, vol. 95), also contains lists of arms and accoutre¬ 
 ments on hand and arms received. 
 
 Richmond Arsenal (Va. ) 
 
 The Richmond Arsenal was on Byrd Island at the foot of Seventh 
 Street in several large buildings formerly used as tobacco warehouses. 
 
 This large establishment made and/or distributed large quantities of ord¬ 
 nance and ordnance stores, chiefly to the Army of Northern Virginia. It 
 received and issued guns and fieldpieces made by the Tredegar Iron Works, 
 infantry and cavalry arms made or repaired by the Richmond Armory, am¬ 
 munition, cartridges, infantry and cavalry accoutrements, edged weapons, 
 and other equipment. The laboratory on Brown's Island at the foot of 
 Seventh Street prepared ammunition for small arms and field artillery. 
 
 The commanders of the ordnance depot included Maj. W. S. Downer, Capt. 
 
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 231 
 
 A. W. Lawrence, Capt. O. W. Edwards, and Capt. James Dinwiddle. 
 
 The artillery store which issued field artillery and equipment was under 
 Capt. J. Wilcox Brown in 1863. Maj. Smith Stansbury had charge of the 
 artillery workshops in 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. Briscoe G. Baldwin, 1861. 
 
 Lt. Col. Smith Stansbury, June 1862. 
 
 Lt. Col. William L. Broun, June 1863. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters and telegrams sent by the officers in 
 charge of the ordnance depot, Nov. 8, 1862-Jan. 30, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 90, 
 fair copies), Apr, 20, 1864-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. IV, vols, 91, 91 1/2, and 
 92, press copies), are to the Chief of Ordnance in Richmond, the Niter and 
 Mining Bureau, the Commissary General of Subsistence, the Quartermaster 
 General, railroad officials and agents, the superintendent of the Ordnance 
 Harness Shops at Clarksville, Va., the commander of the Richmond Arsen¬ 
 al, commanding officers of arsenals and ordnance depots, industrial 
 firms, ordnance officers and agents, quartermaster and other Army 
 officers, tanneries, navy ordnance officers (John M. Brooke and George 
 Minor), enrolling officers, the head of the Railroad Bureau, the Second 
 Auditor, and the Treasurer, C.S, A. An incomplete file of letters and 
 telegrams received. Mar. 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. IV, vols. 93 and 94), 
 contains letters addressed to Capt. James Dinwiddle by most of those 
 listed above. A daybook of materials purchased by the ordnance de¬ 
 pot, Nov. 11, 1861-Mar. 31, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 96), shows the name of firm 
 or person, kind and quantity of materials, price, and notations as to pay¬ 
 ment. An abstract of contracts made by the ordnance depot. Sept. 1862- 
 June 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 96, p. 238-433), shows the contractor’s name, the 
 kinds of stores, materials, and equipment contracted for, price, date of 
 delivery, and quantity delivered. Invoices of ordnance and ordnance stores, 
 Jan. 1-Mar. 5, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 108 1/2), consist of printed forms show¬ 
 ing the kind and quantity of stores turned over by Military Storekeeper O 
 W. Edwards to Capt. D. H. Wood for transportation to other named officers. 
 
 A timebook, Jan. 1863-Apr. 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 99), supplies an employment 
 record of women, showing names, days worked during the month, total 
 number of days, and pay. A miscellaneous record book of the ordnance 
 depot (ch. IV, vol. 97) contains the following: a record of requisitions for 
 articles to be furnished to the different departments of the arsenal, Nov. 
 1861-Sept. 1862; a record of orders on commercial firms for supplies and 
 materials, Jan. 13-June 1862; lists of soldiers detailed to contractors, Apr. - 
 June 1863; several agreements for the manufacture of leather. Mar. -Aug. 
 1862; an account with O. H. Chalkley for finishing leather. Mar. -June 1862, 
 and requisitions for materials for the Ordnance Harness Shops at Clarks¬ 
 ville, Oct. 2, 1862-Jan. 12, 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Papers of W. L. Broun relating to his 
 Confederate Army service are in the Southern Historical Collection in the 
 University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Salisbury Arsenal (N.C.) 
 
 A foundry was in operation at Salisbury in 1863. AIGO General Order 
 70 of Aug. 29, 1864, designated the foundry, blacksmith shops, and labora¬ 
 tory as the Salisbury Arsenal. The arsenal made Parrott shells and horse¬ 
 shoes. 
 
232 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 The commander of the foundry in 1863 was Capt. A. G. Brenizer. 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
 Savannah Arsenal (Ga.) 
 
 AIGO General Order 42 of Apr. 14, 1864, designated the ordnance 
 depot at Savannah, which had hitherto been regarded as a field depot under 
 the command of the district commander, as an arsenal subject to the super¬ 
 vision of the Chief of Ordnance in Richmond. Its payroll indicates that it 
 included a foundry, laboratory, magazine, warehouse, carpenter shop, 
 blacksmith shop, gunsmith shop, and machine shop. The arsenal was 
 operational until the evacuation of Savannah in Dec. 1864. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. Richard M. Cuyler, 1861. 
 
 Lt. Col. John C. Moore, Apr. 1864. 
 
 Maj. W. V. Taylor, Sept. 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A letters-sent press copy book, Oct. 8, 1861- 
 May 57 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 139), contains letters to the Chief of Ordnance in 
 Richmond, commanding officers of arsenals, railroads. Gov. Joseph E. 
 Brown, ordnance officers and ordnance agents, other Army officers, and 
 industrial and business firms. A file of original letters received, Aug. 25, 
 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch. IV, vols. 134-138), includes letters from the same 
 correspondents, from commanders of batteries, forts, and camps, from 
 the headquarters of the 2nd Military District of the Department of Georgia, 
 from the Savannah Naval Station, from the Second Auditor (W. H. S. Taylor) 
 and the Treasurer, C.S. A. (E. C. Elmore). Letters received by Captain 
 Cuyler at Savannah during Apr. 22-May 19, 1862, are in the Macon Arsenal 
 letters-received file (ch. IV, vol. 36). A volume of orders and circulars, 
 Aug. 29, 1861-Sept. 19, 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 140), includes orders from the 
 Department of Georgia at Savannah, orders of the Bureau of Ordnance for 
 the distribution of stores, AIGO general and special orders, and letters 
 from the Chief of Ordnance in Richmond concerning work to be done or ord¬ 
 nance stores to be distributed. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Georgia Historical Society collec¬ 
 tions is a roll of conscripts and civilians employed at the Savannah Ord¬ 
 nance Depot, Feb. 1, 1864, showing employees’ names, occupations, and 
 places to which assigned. 
 
 Selma Arsenal (Ala.) 
 
 The Selma Arsenal probably began in 1862 as an ordnance depot. . 
 Buildings were constructed or remodeled and equipped with machinery for 
 the manufacture of arms, ammunition, and equipment. 
 
 Successive commanders of this arsenal: 
 
 Capt. James L. White, 1862. 
 
 Comdr. James L. Henderson, C.S. N., Aug. 1862. 
 
 Maj. Nathaniel R. Chambliss, Oct. 1862. 
 
 Lt. Col. James L. White, Mar. 1863. 
 
 Lt. Col. John C. Moore, Sept. 1864. 
 
 No records of this arsenal have been found. 
 
BUREAU OF EXCHANGE 
 
 233 
 
 Tallassee Armory (Ala.) 
 
 In the fall of 1864 the machinery for making carbines was moved from 
 the Richmond Armory to buildings in Tallassee leased from the Tallassee 
 Manufacturing Co., a textile mill owned by Barnett, Micon & Co. By the 
 end of 1864, 150 workmen were employed in making carbines. 
 
 Successive commanders of this armory: 
 
 Capt. C. P. Bolles, 1864. 
 
 Maj. W. V. Taylor, 1865. 
 
 No records of this armory have been found. 
 
 ARMY INTELLIGENCE OFFICE 
 
 On the suggestion of Chap. William A. Crocker of the 14th Virginia 
 Volunteers, the War Department created by General Order 45 of June 26, 
 1862, the ’’General Intelligence Office, ” to collect information regarding 
 the sick and wounded. AIGO Special Order 147 of June 26, 1862, designated 
 Chaplain Crocker as superintendent of the ’’Army Intelligence Office, ” the 
 designation by which the new office became known. Information obtained 
 on sick and wounded men in hospitals and on deceased personnel was re¬ 
 corded in large books. A book was kept for each State and the information 
 entered by regiments, battalions, or other independent commands of the 
 Army and the Navy. The information was obtained from reports filed in 
 the Surgeon General’s Office and from the records of field commands visi¬ 
 ted by the superintendent and other persons. The Office supplied informa¬ 
 tion to chaplains, relatives and friends of servicemen, and foreign govern¬ 
 ments, and exchanged lists of the dead with the U. S. Government. Lists 
 of casualties were published in newspapers. In 1863 an auxiliary braneh-of 
 the Army Intelligence Office was established in the Trans-Mississippi De¬ 
 partment under R. S. Thomas. 
 
 Successive superintendents: 
 
 William A. Crocker, June 26, 1862. 
 
 Robert Gatewood, Dec. 11, 1863. 
 
 William A. Crocker, ’’The erate Veteran, 8:118-119 (Mar. 1900). 
 Army Intelligence Office, ” Confed - 
 
 The records of this office were destroyed on the evacuation of Rich¬ 
 mond on Apr. 2-3, 1865. 
 
 Correspondence of the super- other documents are in the compiled 
 intendents is in the records of the military service records of Confed- 
 
 Office of the Secretary of War and erate general and staff officers, 
 
 the Adjutant and Inspector General's These records are described in chap- 
 Office and correspondence and ter XI of this Guide. 
 
 BUREAU OF EXCHANGE 
 
 The parole and exchange of prisoners did not become general practice 
 until 1862. Early in that year Brig. Gen. Howell Cobb, C. S. A., undertook 
 negotiations for an exchange cartel. Arrangements were concluded on July 
 22 by Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, C.S. A., and Maj. Gen. John A. Dix, 
 
 U.S. A. The cartel provided for the exchange of all prisoners of war 
 
234 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 including those taken on privateers; the prisoners were to be exchanged 
 ’’man for man and officer for officer; privateers to be placed upon the foot¬ 
 ing of officers and men of the Navy. ” Citizens were to be exchanged only 
 for citizens, and captured sutlers, teamsters, and other civilians were to 
 be exchanged for persons in similar positions. Prisoners were to be dis¬ 
 charged on parole within 10 days after capture, and prisoners then held and 
 those taken thereafter were ”to be transported to the points mutually agreed 
 upon at the expense of the capturing party. ” Surplus prisoners were not to 
 be used for military duties until exchanged under the terms of the cartel. 
 Both sides were to supply lists of prisoners discharged and relieved from 
 parole. The exchange points were to be Aiken’s Landing below Dutch Gap 
 on the James River and Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, though the 
 commanders of armies could arrange exchanges at other points. To effec¬ 
 tuate the agreement each side was to appoint two agents for the exchange 
 of prisoners of war ’’whose duty it shall be to communicate with each other 
 by correspondence and otherwise, to prepare the lists of prisoners, to 
 attend to the delivery of the prisoners at the places agreed on and to carry 
 out promptly, effectually and in good faith all the details and provisions of 
 the said articles of agreement. ” 
 
 Col. Robert Quid, appointed Confederate agent for the exchange of 
 prisoners in July 1862, made arrangements with the U. S. agent for the ex¬ 
 change of prisoners. Prisoners from Richmond and elsewhere in the South 
 were transported to Aiken’s Landing whence they were taken on the U. S. 
 flag-of-truce boat New York to Fort Monroe. Near the end of Sept. 1862, 
 Secretary of War Randolph directed Quid to change the place of delivery to 
 City Point (now a part of Hopewell) farther down the James River. Paroled 
 men were kept in 1862 in a barracks at Petersburg, Va., where in 1863 
 there was a camp of paroled and exchanged prisoners commanded by Capt. 
 Henry A. Cannon. Discharged prisoners were also assembled at Camp Lee 
 near Richmond. At those places returned Confederate prisoners were paid 
 and prepared for the field, and returned citizens liable for conscription 
 were mustered into Confederate service. 
 
 Regular exchanges of prisoners under the cartel were suspended in 
 1863 when the number of Confederates captured exceeded the number of 
 Union prisoners. But under special arrangements some exchanges took 
 place. On Mar. 19, 1863, the War Department assigned Capt. William H. 
 Hatch to assist Colonel Ould, and in 1864 sick and wounded prisoners were 
 released by both sides. The Confederate Government’s proposal for the 
 resumption of exchanges was accepted early in 1865, and exchanges contin¬ 
 ued until the end of the war. 
 
 Exchanges of prisoners were also effected in the west by officers 
 subordinate to Colonel Ould. On Aug. 14, 1862, the War Department desig¬ 
 nated Maj. N. G. Watts as exchange agent at Vicksburg (later at Mobile). 
 
 A camp of paroled and exchanged prisoners at Jackson, Miss., was moved 
 about June 1863 to Demopolis, Ala. On Aug. 14, 1863, the War Department 
 assigned Capt. H. A. M. Henderson as assistant commissioner of exchange 
 at Demopolis. He was evidently stationed at Cahaba, Ala., in May 1864. 
 
 A parole camp for Confederates who had belonged to the Vicksburg and 
 Port Hudson garrisons was established at Enterprise, Miss., in Nov. 1863. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Watts moved his headquarters from Mobile to Jackson 
 in Dec. 1863, but reestablished it at Mobile a few months later. 
 
 In Sept. 1863 Colonel Ould sent Maj. Ignatius Szymanski to the Trans- 
 Mississippi Department as assistant agent for exchange with instructions 
 
BUREAU OF EXCHANGE 
 
 235 
 
 to furnish Ould with corrected lists of paroles of Union prisoners and in¬ 
 formation about Union prisoners and captures of Confederates, to inform 
 commanders of the proper method of preparing lists of paroles and the 
 importance of forwarding lists of their captures, to hold prisoners when 
 possible and, when not, to deliver them under a flag-of-truce at Vicksburg, 
 and to assist in establishing parole camps. Major Szymanski established 
 his headquarters at Alexandria, La., in Nov. 1863. 
 
 Successive agents for the exchange of prisoners: 
 
 Col. Robert Ould, July 1862. 
 
 Col. William Norris, Apr. 25, 1865. 
 
 Reports of Robert Ould as 
 agent of exchange are in Official 
 Records . . . Armies , ser. 2, as 
 follows: Dec. 5, 1863, vol. 6, p. 
 654-657; May 2, 1864, vol. 7, p. 
 103-106; Nov. 1, 1864, vol. 7, p. 
 1078-1080; Nov. 18, 1864, vol. 7, p. 
 1139-1140. William B. Hesseltine, 
 Civil War Prisons; a Study in War 
 Psychology (Columbus. 1930); 
 
 Official Records . . .Armies, ser. 2, 
 vols. 4-8, passim; Robert Ould, 
 ’’Captain Irving and the Steamer ’Con¬ 
 voy’--Supplies for Prisoners, ” 
 Southern Historical Society Papers, 
 10:320-328 (July 1882); Morgan A. 
 
 Powell, ’’Cotton for the Relief of 
 Confederate Prisoners, ” Civil War 
 History, 9:24-35 (Mar. 1963). 
 
 Record Group 109. —The endorsement book of the agent for the ex¬ 
 change of prisoners, July 15, 1863-Mar. 31, 1865 (ch. DC, vol. 228), gives 
 names of writers of letters received, purport of the letters, date of the 
 action, and endorsement. The writers were U. S. agents of exchange. Ar¬ 
 my officers. General Winder, former Confederate prisoners, relatives of 
 prisoners, parolees, residents of the North, and others. Muster rolls of 
 captured Confederates who had been paroled and exchanged. Mar. 1, 1863- 
 Mar. 28, 1865 (folded papers, 2 1/2 ft.) give data as to payments made to 
 the soldiers, their military organizations, enlistments, and the places 
 where they were captured. The rolls are for men held at the following 
 parole camps: Camp Lee, Va., Demopolis, Ala., Columbus, Ga., Jackson 
 and Enterprise, Miss., Chattanooga (Camp Direction) and Jonesboro, 
 
 Tenn., and Petersburg (Camp Lewis), Va. Also in this file is a list of 
 Confederates exchanged at Cumberland Gap on Sept. 17, 1862. A copy of 
 Quid’s letters-sent book (described below), obtained by the War Records 
 Office about 1878, is also in this record group. No letters received by the 
 Bureau of Exchange have been found. 
 
 A compiled file of correspondence relating to the exchange of prison¬ 
 ers and the treatment of prisoners in Southern prisons, June 1861-Mar. 
 
 1865 (2 1/2 in.), consists of documents drawn from the letters received 
 files of the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office, the Office of the Secre¬ 
 tary of War, Congress, and the Department of Norfolk. The file contains 
 correspondence between Brig. Gen. Benjamin Huger, commanding the 
 Department of Norfolk, and Maj. Gen. John E. Wool, U.S.A., commanding 
 the Department of Virginia, and the Secretary of War, correspondence be¬ 
 tween Brig. Gen. Howell Cobb and General Wool, and letters of Robert 
 Ould, Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, and Jefferson Davis to the House 
 of Representatives, Apr. 20 and Dec. 7, 1863. There are also notices, 
 orders, and reports regarding the exchange of prisoners and reports and 
 recommendations concerning prisons. 
 
236 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Other letters of Ould are in 
 the correspondence file of the Of¬ 
 fice of the Secretary of War and the 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's 
 Office. Some of Ould’s correspond¬ 
 ence was published during the war; 
 see C.S. A. Bureau of Exchange, 
 Official Correspondence between 
 the Agents of Exchange, Together 
 
 with Mr. Quid's Report (Richmond, 
 
 r864). Correspondence of Ould is 
 also in S. E. Doc . 17, 38 Cong., 1 
 sess., serial 1176 (Washington, 
 
 1864), and H. E. Doc . 32, 38 Cong., 
 2 sess., serial 1223 (Washington, 
 
 1865). Correspondence on the ex¬ 
 change of prisoners is also in ’’Re¬ 
 port on the Treatment of Prisoners 
 of War, by the Rebel Authorities, 
 During the War of the Rebellion, ” H. 
 Rep. 45, 40 Cong., 3 sess., serial 
 1391 (Washington, 1869). Much of 
 Ould’s correspondence is in Official 
 Records . . .Armies , ser. 2, vols. 
 4-8, passim. The records of the 
 U. S. Commissioner of Exchange in 
 Record Group 249 contain correspond¬ 
 ence with the Confederate Agent for 
 the Exchange of Prisoners. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The letters-sent book of the agent of 
 exchange, Nov. 29, 1862-Mar. 31, 1865 (1 vol.), is in the Archives Division 
 of the Virginia State Library. It contains fair copies of Robert Ould’s let¬ 
 ters to the Confederate agents of exchange, the Federal agents of exchange 
 (Lt. Col. William H. Ludlow, Brig. Gen. Sullivan A. Meredith, Maj. John 
 E. MuLford, and Maj. Gen. Ethan A. Hitchcock), Brig. Gen. John H. 
 Winder, Brig. Gen. William M. Gardner, Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, 
 
 Lt. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, the Confederate Secretary of War, Lt. Gen. 
 U. S. Grant, President Davis, Assistant Secretary of War John A. Camp¬ 
 bell, Stephen R. Mallory, Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, Zebulon B. Vance, 
 and others. A scrapbook of Col. William Norris in the University of Vir¬ 
 ginia Library contains a few letters of Apr. 1865 regarding the exchange of 
 prisoners. Capt. James R. Curell’s correspondence, 1864-65, while 
 assistant exchange agent at Mobile, Ala., is in the Louisiana State Museum, 
 New Orleans, La. Orders, Apr. -May 1865, of the paroled prisoners head¬ 
 quarters at Demopolis and Enterprise, Miss., are in the Chicago Historical 
 Society collections. 
 
 The papers, Oct. 1864-Sept. 
 1865, of Brig. Gen. William N. R. 
 Beall, C. S. A., relating to his ac¬ 
 tivities as agent to supply Confed¬ 
 erate prisoners of war in Northern 
 prisons are in the Confederate Mu¬ 
 seum. They include correspond¬ 
 ence, orders, and instructions con¬ 
 cerning the shipment of cotton from 
 Mobile and its sale in New York; 
 letters from U.S. provost marshals 
 general regarding the disposition to 
 be made of supplies for prisoners 
 of war; letters from committees of 
 
 distribution at prisons with certifi¬ 
 cates on the distribution of supplies; 
 statements of prisoners of war; a list 
 of contracts for clothing; abstracts of 
 purchases; memoranda of telegrams 
 sent by Beall, Dec. 1864-Feb. 1865; 
 correspondence with Maj. Gen. Hal¬ 
 bert E. Paine; letters and bills on 
 purchases in Baltimore; and records 
 of the distribution of the supplies. 
 
 A calendar and description of 
 the Beall papers is in Douglas S. 
 Freeman, A Calendar of Confederate 
 Papers, p. 73-125 (Richmond, 1908). 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 237 
 
 BUREAU OF CONSCRIPTION 
 
 The slowdown of volunteering in the winter of 1861-62 and losses of 
 men in military action during the spring of 1862 necessitated the adoption of 
 a national conscription act on Apr. 16, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 29). 
 
 This act authorized the President to call up all resident white men between 
 the ages of 18 and 35 for 3-year terms, bound men within those ages then in 
 the Army to serve for 3 years, and allowed military organizations with en¬ 
 listment terms of 12 months to reorganize and elect their own officers. 
 
 With a direct call from the central Government, the part of the States in 
 the recruitment of soldiers was downgraded. In 1862 the age limit was 
 raised to 45, and in 1864 the lower limit was 17; an act of 1864 also author¬ 
 ized the enrollment of men between 45 and 50 in State Reserves for local 
 defense and detail duty. In 1864 the enrollment of free Negroes and the em¬ 
 ployment of 20,000 slaves for auxiliary service was authorized. The num¬ 
 ber of men enrolled under the foregoing acts was greatly reduced, however, 
 by legislative provision for substitutes and exemptions, and the number of 
 those on active duty was decreased by details for industrial work. 
 
 The Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office administered the con¬ 
 scription service initially, but the work increased so rapidly that on Dec. 
 
 30, 1862 (AIGO General Order 112), the Adjutant and Inspector General 
 announced the establishment of a Bureau of Conscription and directed that 
 all reports, returns, and communications from commandants of camps of 
 instruction were to be addressed to that Bureau. In 1863 Lt. Col. A. C. 
 
 Jones and Capt. Peyton N, Page were attached to the Bureau, and in the 
 next year Lt. Col. Edward D. Blake was referred to as its registrar. Maj. 
 Heros Von Borcke and Col. Thomas P. August also served in the Bureau. 
 Near the end of 1864 Lt. Col. George W. Lay was designated as inspector- 
 general of conscription to supervise the activities of inspectors of conscrip¬ 
 tion who would be appointed for each State. 
 
 The Bureau of Conscription directed the activities of enrolling officers 
 and commandants of conscripts. It prepared instructions in the form of 
 AIGO general and special orders and Bureau circulars. It passed upon 
 applications for exemptions and details forwarded by the county enrolling 
 offices and received reports and kept records regarding enrollment, ex¬ 
 emptions, and details. Its authority did not extend west of the Mississippi 
 River where conscription was under the direction of the commanding gener¬ 
 al of the Trans-Mississippi Department. In Jan. 1863 Gen. Joseph E. 
 Johnston was given jurisdiction over conscription in the Western Department 
 embracing Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. 
 
 By early 1865 the authority of the Bureau of Conscription was pretty 
 generally disregarded, and the use of force was necessary to get enrollees 
 to report at camps and to collect deserters and absentees from the army. 
 
 An act of Mar. 7, 1865 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions , p. 86), 
 abolished the Bureau of Conscription and placed the generals commanding 
 the State Reserves in charge of the enforcement of conscription laws, ex¬ 
 emptions, and details. The generals were to report to the Secretary of 
 War through the Adjutant and Inspector General, in whose office was desig¬ 
 nated on Mar. 29, 1865, an ’’Officer of Conscription, ” who was to receive 
 and arrange all returns and perform other duties connected with conscription. 
 
 Successive heads of the Bureau: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Gabriel J. Rains, Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Charles W. Field, May 25, 1863. 
 
238 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Lt. Col. George W. Lay (acting), June 23, 1863. 
 Col. John S. Preston, July 30, 1863. 
 
 Reports of the Bureau of Con¬ 
 scription are in the Official Records 
 . . .Armies , ser. 4, as follows: 
 Aug. 17, 1863, vol. 2, p. 723-726; 
 Apr. 30, 1864, vol. 3, p. 354-364; 
 Feb. 1865, vol. 3, p. 1099-1110. 
 Memory F. Mitchell, Legal Aspects 
 of Conscription and Exemption in 
 
 North Carolina (Chapel Hill, 1965); 
 Albert B. Moore, Conscription and 
 Conflict in the Confederacy (New 
 York, 1924); William L. Shaw, "The 
 Confederate Conscription and Exemp¬ 
 tion Acts, " American Journal of 
 Legal History , 6:368-405 (Oct. 1962). 
 
 On May 31, 1865, Maj. Robert N. Scott, U.S.A., sent to the War 
 Department from Richmond a box of records relating to the Confederate 
 conscription service. The records became part of the War Department 
 Collection of Confederate Records, and some of them appear to be records 
 of the central office of the Bureau of Conscription in Richmond although its 
 records were reportedly burned at the end of the war. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Manuscript and printed circulars issued to com¬ 
 mandants of conscripts and of camps of instruction, Feb. 27, 1863-Mar. 
 
 21, 1865, and Jan. 13-Dec. 14, 1864 (ch. I, vol. 258). A classification led¬ 
 ger of exemptions, Apr. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 254), shows the name 
 of the man exempted, his age, occupation, duties, and date and term of 
 exemption. The exemption classifications include agriculturists. Confed¬ 
 erate and State officials, railroad employees, physicians, druggists, min¬ 
 isters, teachers, mail contractors, newspaper employees, and disabled 
 persons. A classification ledger of details, Apr. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. I, 
 vol. 255), shows name, age, duties, and date and term of detail. Types of 
 details include agriculturists, tanners, millers, private necessity, black¬ 
 smiths, shoemakers, wheelwrights. Government bureaus, artisans and 
 mechanics, contractors to furnish supplies, and telegraph companies. A 
 ledger of details, Oct. 1864-Mar. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 259), shows name, to 
 whom detailed, department in which detailed, official authorizing the detail, 
 and date and term of detail. A record of payments for exemptions. Mar. 
 1862-Dec. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 262), shows the date, amount, by whom and to 
 whom paid, cause of exemption, and residence of those paying for exemp¬ 
 tion. A register of applications for leaves of absence, transfers, and 
 examinations by medical boards, Oct. 1, 1864-Jan. 12, 1865 (ch. I. vol. 246), 
 shows name of applicant, his military organization or station, nature of the 
 application, and date of action. A record of details delivered and papers 
 filed, Nov. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 249), contains only a few entries. 
 
 A few lists of conscription and enrolling officers, 1863-65, show the 
 organization of the commandant’s office in Richmond on Dec. 15, 1863, and 
 Dec. 19, 1864; in Albemarle County, Va., on Feb. 28, 1865; in Petersburg, 
 Va., in Mar. 1865; in the State of Mississippi, n. d.; and in the Departments 
 of Tennessee and Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana in Jan. 1863. A 
 few abstracts of payments made and accounts current of the quartermaster 
 (Maj. George F. Maynard) at Camp Lee, Va., Sept.-Oct. 1864, and Jan,- 
 Feb. 1865, show the names of officers and men stationed there to whom 
 payments were made and the amounts paid. Another abstract of expendi¬ 
 tures on the quartermaster's account shows the payments made by Capt. 
 George B. Baker at Camp Holmes, N. C., during the quarter ending Dec. 
 
 31, 1863. 
 
BUREAU OF CONSCRIPTION 
 
 239 
 
 Correspondence of the heads 
 of the Bureau of Conscription, of 
 commandants of conscripts, of en¬ 
 rolling officers, and of other con¬ 
 scription officers is in the records 
 of the Office of the Secretary of War 
 and the Office of the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General. Correspondence 
 and other documents are in the com¬ 
 piled military service records of 
 Confederate officers described in 
 chapter XI of this Guide. Conscrip¬ 
 tion officers corresponded with State 
 authorities and with Confederate 
 military and naval authorities. 
 
 whose records should therefore be 
 consulted. Among the records of the 
 Adjutant and Inspector General’s Of¬ 
 fice are inspection reports relating 
 to the conscription service and camps 
 of instruction. Correspondence, or¬ 
 ders, circulars, and other documents 
 relating to conscription are in Offi¬ 
 cial Records . . . Armies , ser. 4, 
 vols. 1-3. Letters Oct. 18-Dec. 18, 
 1864, of John S. Preston to James A. 
 Seddon, President Davis, and John A. 
 Campbell are in Rowland, ed., Jef¬ 
 ferson Davis, 6:362-383, 422-423. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Emmett collection at the New York 
 Public Library is a book containing abstracts of letters received and sent 
 by the Bureau of Conscription, Oct. 27, 1863-Mar. 18, 1865. The letters 
 are from enrolling officers and inhabitants of Tennessee and include peti¬ 
 tions for exemption and applications from ironworks for details of mechan¬ 
 ics; abstracts of letters sent are also entered in the book. 
 
 State Conscription Offices 
 
 The field organization for the enrollment and disposition of recruits 
 was prescribed by AIGO General Order 30 of Apr. 28, 1862. Officers not 
 below the rank of major were to be detailed for each State "to take charge 
 of the enrollment, mustering in, subsistence, transportation, and disposi¬ 
 tion of the recruits ..." The conscription act allowed the use of State of¬ 
 ficers for enrollment purposes, but on assuming charge of the Bureau of 
 Conscription Colonel Preston found that they had been dilatory about form¬ 
 ing the conscription organization and he began replacing them with Confed¬ 
 erate officers. Commissioned officers were assigned to Congressional 
 districts, and noncommissioned officers or privates to counties, cities, 
 towns, districts, or parishes (AIGO General Order 82, Nov. 3, 1862). 
 Officers and men disabled by wounds and acquainted with the localities 
 where they were to serve were to be selected; individual assignments were 
 made by AIGO special orders. The commissioned officer in each district 
 superintended the enrollment and collection of conscripts. Enrolling offi¬ 
 cers prepared monthly rolls of conscripts, supervised boards of investiga¬ 
 tion that examined applications for exemption or detail, and arrested de¬ 
 serters and delivered them to the nearest camp of instruction. By the end 
 of 1863 the conscription organization had been extended to all areas of the 
 Confederacy. 
 
 An act of Oct. 11, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 75), authorized the 
 establishment of rendezvous in cities, counties, parishes, or districts 
 where enrollees were to be examined under regulations issued by the Sec¬ 
 retary of War. Three surgeons who were to constitute examining boards 
 were to be assigned to each Congressional district in the States. The ren¬ 
 dezvous were established, but it was found inconvenient to hold them in all 
 the prescribed places and enrollees were obliged to go longer distances for 
 examination. 
 
240 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 No more than two camps of instruction were to be established in each 
 State, except by special permit (AIGO General Order 30, Apr. 28, 1862). 
 Commandants were to apportion recruits among military organizations in 
 existence on Apr. 16, 1862. An act of Oct. 8, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 
 
 69), provided legislative authority for the camps of instruction by empower¬ 
 ing the President to establish them and to appoint officers in the Provisional 
 Army to command them. AIGO General Order 82 of Nov. 3, 1862, announced 
 that a commandant of conscripts who would be responsible for the enroll¬ 
 ment and disposition of recruits would be appointed for each State. He was 
 to recommend officers for appointment as his subordinates and the com¬ 
 mandant of the other camp, if one was to be established. The commandants 
 of conscripts east of the Mississippi River were to receive orders from the 
 War Department only and not from department or army commanders. 
 Commandants of conscripts west of the Mississippi were to report to and 
 receive instructions from the commanding general of the Trans-Mississippi 
 Department, who was to send consolidated monthly reports to the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General. The commandants were to ’’distribute the conscripts 
 of the state among its regiments, battalions, and companies thereof, in 
 proportion to their respective deficiencies. ” 
 
 The appointment of commandants of conscripts and the establishment 
 of camps of instruction began in the spring of 1862. By June 1862 comman¬ 
 dants had been appointed in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
 Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas, and camps of instruction had 
 been established in most of those States. Officers and surgeons were 
 assigned to the commandants for duty at the camps or for assignment as 
 enrolling officers. By the beginning of 1863 commandants had been ap¬ 
 pointed in each State, and camps of instruction had been or were being es¬ 
 tablished in each State. AIGO General Order 73 of Sept. 22, 1864, placed 
 generals of State Reserves in control of the commandants of conscripts, 
 the camps of instruction, and the enrolling officers in their respective 
 States. It required all officers and men employed in the enrolling service 
 who had not been retired or assigned to light duty by medical boards to be 
 relieved by details from the Reserves and sent to the field. The same or¬ 
 der provided that all applications for exemption and detail were to be sent 
 to the Bureau of Conscription for decision. The office of Congressional 
 district enrolling officer was abolished, and communications from local en¬ 
 rolling offices were to be sent through the commandants of conscripts to 
 the generals of Reserves, who could assign officers to the Congressional 
 districts as inspecting officers. 
 
 The conscription service that was organized throughout the Confeder¬ 
 acy employed thousands of men. In Virginia there were enrolling officers 
 in charge of each of the 13 Congressional districts and subordinate to them 
 were the enrolling officers in 65 counties and Richmond and Charles City. 
 
 In Dec. 1863 the organization in Virginia comprised 943 men including 676 
 in the conscript mounted guard. 
 
 The commandants of conscripts were as follows: Alabama: Maj. Wil¬ 
 liam G. Swanson and Lt. Col. H. C. Lockhart; Florida: Maj. S. St. George 
 Rogers and Col. William Miller; Georgia: Maj. John Dunwody, Lt. Col. 
 
 John B. Weems, and Col. William M. Browne; Kentucky: Maj. J. C. John¬ 
 ston; Mississippi: Maj. D. O. Merwin, Maj. J. C. Denis, Maj. Thomas J. 
 Hudson, and Capt. William Wren; Missouri: Maj. William C. Price; North 
 Carolina: Col. Peter Mallett; South Carolina: Lt. Col. John S. Preston and 
 Maj. C. D. Melton; Tennessee: Lt. Col. Edward D. Blake and Maj. J. C. 
 
BUREAU OF CONSCRIPTION 
 
 241 
 
 Johnston; and Virginia: Col. John C. Shields. 
 
 Camps of instruction were located in Alabama at Camp Watts (near 
 Notasulga), Talladega, and Tuscumbia; in Florida at Gainesville and Madi¬ 
 son; in Georgia at Calhoun, Camp Cooper (Macon), and Camp Randolph 
 (Decatur); in Mississippi at Brookhaven, Enterprise, and Marion Station; 
 in North Carolina at Camp Hill (near Statesville), Camp Holmes (near 
 Raleigh), Camp Stokes, Camp Vance (near Morgantown), Garysburg, and 
 Goldsboro; in South Carolina at Columbia; in Tennessee at Athens, Cleve¬ 
 land, McMinnville, and Strawberry Plains; and in Virginia at Camp Lee, 
 Dublin Station, Petersburg, and Winchester. 
 
 Record Group 109. —The most extensive records on the conscription 
 service in a State are those for Virginia. A register of officers and em¬ 
 ployees of the conscription service. May 1862-Mar. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 257), 
 shows name of officer or employee, rank and organization, station, date of 
 assignment, authority for assignment, and remarks. Statistical reports on 
 conscripts in Virginia, Sept. 1862-Feb. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 250), were sub¬ 
 mitted by the commandant to the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office 
 and the Reserve Forces of Virginia. ,There are a record of exemptions, 
 Dec. 1862-Dec. 1863 and Feb. -Mar. 1864 (ch. I, vols. 251 and 244), and a 
 commandant’s exemption book. Mar. 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. I, vols. 242 and 
 243). A record of officers employing exempted persons, 1863-64 (ch. I, 
 vol. 245), shows the number of persons employed and their occupations. 
 
 An agricultural exemption book, June 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 235), 
 shows the name of the person exempted, county, age, physical description, 
 occupation, post office, number of farmhands, amount of supplies, penal 
 sum, date of bond, names of sureties and witnesses, and date of exemption. 
 A record of enlisted men detailed, Jan.-Nov. 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 107), shows 
 the name, age, physical description, birthplace, occupation, by whom en¬ 
 rolled, where enrolled, and how detailed. Lists of details and exemptions, 
 Feb. 17-Aug. 17, 1864 (ch. I, vol. 235 1/2), include a list of persons de¬ 
 tailed for agricultural purposes with name of county and names of exemp¬ 
 ting officers; and a list of exempted persons, showing grounds of exemp¬ 
 tion. A register ot officers’ applications for details, July 18-Oct. 5, 1864 
 (ch. I, vol. 248), shows date, name of person to be detailed, and the nature 
 of the detail. A list of conscripts recommended for discharge under gen¬ 
 eral order 107, Aug. -Sept. 1863 (ch. I, vol. 238), shows the names of 
 physically unfit conscripts, age, place and date of enrollment, and date of 
 discharge or furlough. A record of the enrollment and disposition of con¬ 
 scripts at Camp Lee, Va., Jan.-Aug. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 250 1/2), shows 
 name of conscript, when enrolled, and date and manner of disposition. 
 Special orders for details issued at Camp Lee are dated Jan. 1, 1864-Feb. 
 22, 1865 (ch. I, vols. 223-229), with a gap for Aug. 25-Oct. 27, 1864. A 
 record of details of free Negroes made at Camp Lee, 1864-65 (ch. I, vol. 
 240), shows date of detail, name of Negro, to whom detailed, and date of 
 expiration of detail. A register of free Negroes enrolled and assigned, 
 1864-65 (ch. I, vol. 241), shows name, age, physical description, birth¬ 
 place and occupation, circumstances of enlistment, and where assigned. 
 There are circulars, received by the enrolling officer (Capt. J. A. Coke) 
 of the Third Congressional District at Richmond (Jan. 21-Dec. 28, 1863), 
 from the Conscript Office there and correspondence, Jan. 23, 1863-Feb. 
 
 19, 1864 (1/4 in.), from that office and other correspondents. An abstract 
 of communications received and endorsements of the conscript inspector 
 for Virginia (Capt. W. L. Riddick), Jan. 1864-Jan. 1865 (ch. I, vols. 230-234), 
 
242 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 shows the date received, name of writer, a brief of the communication, and 
 the endorsement and its date. A miscellaneous record book (ch. I, vol. 
 
 239), contains a record of endorsements on reports returned to the enroll¬ 
 ing officers, Dec. 3, 1864-Mar. 25, 1865, copies of letters sent to inspec¬ 
 tors of conscription and enrolling officers, Nov. 14, 1864-Mar. 28, 1865; 
 reports of exemptions and details; a statistical report on registration; a 
 return of officers on duty, Nov. 23, 1864; and a report on the enrollment of 
 free Negroes. 
 
 Volumes for Mississippi include copies of special orders issued by 
 the commandant of conscripts (Majs. J. C. Denis and Thomas J. Hudson), 
 June 1, 1864-May 6, 1864 (ch. I, vol. 222); a record of officers and employ¬ 
 ees of the commandant’s office and of congressional district offices, 1864 
 (ch. I, vol. 263); a record of exemptions, Apr. 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. I, vol. 
 253, and index, vol. 261); a record of details, Apr. 1864-May 1865 (ch. I, 
 vol. 252); and a register of slaves impressed by enrolling officers, 1864-65 
 (ch. I, vol. 256). These supply information regarding the persons exemp¬ 
 ted, detailed, and impressed; the third book contains an index to counties. 
 
 There are a few telegrams received or sent, July 30-Sept. 10, 1863, 
 by Maj. C. D. Melton, commandant of conscripts at Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The papers of Peter Mallett in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library in¬ 
 clude records relating to North Carolina. A letters-sent book of the con¬ 
 script office at Raleigh, May 19-July 2, 1864, is no. 7 of a series kept by 
 Colonel Mallett, the commandant of conscripts. It contains fair copies of 
 outgoing letters signed mostly by the adjutants in the office and addressed 
 to the commandants at Camp Holmes and Camp Vance, enrolling officers, 
 the Bureau of Conscription in Richmond, other offices of the War Depart¬ 
 ment, and Army officers and State officials in North Carolina. There is a 
 register of letters received by the same office, Feb. -Apr. 1863. A letters- 
 sent press copy book of the commandant of Camp Holmes, June 23, 1862- 
 Jan. 27, 1863, contains letters and telegrams sent by Colonel Mallett, Col. 
 T. P. August, and Capt. L. J. Johnson (after Dec. 1862). The same re¬ 
 pository also has some other papers, 1849-88, of Colonel Mallet concern¬ 
 ing conscription and other military affairs. Some reports and other docu¬ 
 ments of enrollment officers of the 7th district, Feb. -June 1864, make up 
 another volume. 
 
 Other records relate to South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. In 
 the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina is a roll 
 book of the enrolling officer of the Orangeburg District of South Carolina, 
 Apr. 1864-Jan. 1865, containing a descriptive list of persons reporting for 
 enrollment, another list of persons enrolled for examination by the medical 
 board, and rolls of persons exempt under the act of Feb. 17, 1864, of con¬ 
 scripts between 18 and 45 years of age, and of conscripts enrolled and de¬ 
 tailed. A muster and descriptive roll of Kentucky and Tennessee conscripts, 
 Jan. 1864-Mar. 1865, and a register of correspondence of the conscription 
 office at Bristol, Tenn., are in the Emmett collection at the New York Pub¬ 
 lic Library. The Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress has a few 
 papers, Jan. 1863-May 1864, of Col. J. C. Shields, the commandant of con¬ 
 scripts in Virginia. In 1891 the Virginia Historical Society received as a gift 
 two record books of J. W. G. Smith, the enrolling officer of Rockingham County, 
 Va., 1862-64. These books contain descriptive rolls of conscripts, a 
 descriptive roll of exempts giving the reason for exemption, a list of 
 hands detailed, a roll of conscripts who obtained substitutes, a roll of 
 
NITER AND MINING BUREAU 
 
 243 
 
 conscripts sent forward, a list of reserves enrolled in Apr. 1864, a list of 
 exemptions outstanding on Sept. 1, 1864, copies of letters from the Bureau 
 of Conscription consisting largely of circulars and general and special or¬ 
 ders embodying instructions and communicating the names of recruiting 
 officers, copies of letters sent by the enrolling officer, and correspondence 
 with the conscript office and the camp of instruction at Richmond, Va. 
 
 (Camp Lee). The Society also has some records, 1864-65, of the enrolling 
 officer of Scott County, Va., consisting of an enrolling book and papers 
 kept by W. T. Fentress concerning conscripts, exemptions, and desertions; 
 and correspondence, 1863-64, of Capt. John A. Coke, the enrolling officer 
 of the 3d Congressional District, Richmond, Va. Other papers, 1862-65 
 (1,125 items), of Captain Coke in the New-York Historical Society collections 
 include correspondence, orders, lists, and medical reports. 
 
 NITER AND MINING BUREAU 
 
 The Confederacy arranged promptly for the procurement of minerals 
 necessary for the manufacture of powder. In 1861, for example, George W. 
 Rains took action on behalf of the Bureau of Ordnance to obtain niter from 
 private limestone works in eastern Tennessee, western Virginia, Alabama, 
 North Carolina, and Georgia. Some of the works were lost as a result of 
 military action, and throughout the war niter was imported from Europe 
 and Mexico. Charcoal made from local woods and sulphur made from py¬ 
 rites were combined with niter to make powder. 
 
 An act of Apr. U, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 27), authorized the 
 organization of a corps of officers for the purpose of procuring a supply of 
 niter. Under the supervision of the Chief of Ordnance, the corps was to 
 inaugurate and prosecute a system for working niter caves, procure niter 
 within the Confederacy, inspect the niter caves and deposits and report the 
 probable annual supply, and establish niter beds near the principal cities 
 and towns. 
 
 An act of Apr. 22, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 114), placed this corps 
 under an independent bureau of the War Department to be known as the 
 Niter and Mining Bureau and to supervise the mining of other minerals 
 needed for military purposes. The Bureau’s superintendent could lease 
 privately owned mines and obtain by contract or otherwise the necessary 
 supplies of ore and coal. An act of June 9, 1864 (2 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 263), 
 raised the rank of the superintendent to colonel, increased the number of 
 officers in the corps, and authorized the Secretary of War to appoint six 
 chemists and six professional assistants. 
 
 Although the artificial niter beds (nitriaries) that were set up did not 
 produce any niter before the end of the war, by the end of 1863 niter pro¬ 
 duction had nearly doubled the output of the previous year. In 1864 impor¬ 
 tant niter works in Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama were destroyed by the 
 enemy, but at the end of Sept. 1864 there were 2,659 workmen at niter works 
 and 633 at nitriaries. 
 
 To obtain iron, the Government subsidized the construction of new 
 furnaces and the enlargement of old ones or operated others in Virginia, 
 Alabama, Georgia, and Texas. Coal was mined in Virginia west of Rich¬ 
 mond, in the Deep River region of central North Carolina, in Tennessee 
 around Chattanooga, and in central Alabama. Copper mined in the Duck- 
 town Basin of Polk County in southeastern Tennessee was rolled into sheet 
 and bolt copper by the Tennessee Rolling Works at Cleveland, Tenn., and 
 
244 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 shipped by rail to Richmond and other points. Copper was also mined in 
 Grayson and Carroll Counties, Va. Lead was mined in Wythe County, Va., 
 near Jonesborough, Tenn., and in Davidson County, N. C. Copper and lead 
 were imported from abroad through the blockade. Church bells, turpentine 
 stills, and kettles for boiling sugar supplied copper for conversion into im¬ 
 plements of war, and lead water pipes, window weights, and cistern linings 
 were collected for the manufacture of bullets. 
 
 Supervision of the activities of the corps was decentralized in the 
 spring of 1862 by dividing the Confederate States into niter districts. These 
 later became niter and mining districts under the Niter and Mining Bureau. 
 A return of officers and professional assistants attached to the bureau on 
 Dec, 31, 1864, shows their assignments as follows: 
 
 Niter and Mining Districts 
 
 No. 
 
 State 
 
 Headquarters 
 
 Superintendent 
 
 1 & 2 
 
 Va. 
 
 Wytheville 
 
 David K. Tuttle 
 
 3 
 
 Va. 
 
 Fincastle 
 
 Capt. Robert C. Morton 
 
 4 
 
 Va. 
 
 Union 
 
 James B. Noyes 
 
 4 1/2 
 
 Va. 
 
 Staunton 
 
 Maj. James F. Jones 
 
 5 
 
 N.C. 
 
 Greensboro 
 
 Maj. Charles Barney 
 
 6 
 
 s.c. 
 
 Edgefield 
 
 Courthouse 
 
 Francis S. Holmes 
 
 6 1/2 
 
 s.c. 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Joseph LeConte 
 
 7 
 
 Va. 
 
 Wytheville 
 
 Maj. T. J. Finnie 
 
 8 & 9 
 
 Ga, & N, 
 Ala. 
 
 Montevallo, Ala. 
 
 Capt. William Gabbett 
 
 10 
 
 Ala. 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Maj. William H. C. Price 
 
 12 
 
 Fla. 
 
 Tallahassee 
 
 Lt. C. H. Latrobe 
 
 14 
 
 Ga. 
 
 Macon 
 
 Henry P. Farrow 
 
 — — 
 
 Trans- 
 Miss. 
 
 San Antonio 
 
 Maj. Isaac Read 
 
 During 1862-63 there was a Niter and Mining District No. 11 with headquar¬ 
 ters at Jackson, Miss., under Dr. D. R. Lemman. The return of Dec. 
 
 31, 1864, shows that Lt. James H. Mathews was then stationed in Missis¬ 
 sippi, but attached to District No. 10. 
 
 By the end of 1864 a divisional organization seems to have been im¬ 
 posed on the districts. The 1st Division under Lieutenant Colonel Morton 
 at Richmond controlled the niter and mining service in Virginia, North 
 Carolina, and Tennessee. The 2d Division under Lt. Col. William R. Hunt 
 at Selma, Ala., had charge of the iron and mining service in Alabama, 
 Georgia, and South Carolina. Major Read’s office at San Antonio constitu¬ 
 ted a 3d Division. 
 
 The Bureau established a number of special plants. In the spring of 
 1862, Dr. Aaron S. Piggot supervised the construction at Petersburg, Va., 
 of a works for smelting lead, copper, and zinc. Military operations forced 
 its abandonment in 1864, and John W. Goodwyn who was then the superin¬ 
 tendent moved to a new one at Lexington, N.C. Charles H. Winston, 
 another scientist in the employ of the Bureau, was superintendent of the 
 sulphuric acid works at Charlotte, N.C. 
 
 Successive heads of the Bureau: 
 
 Col. Isaac M. St. John, Apr. 18, 1862. 
 
NITER AND MINING BUREAU 
 
 245 
 
 Col. Richard Morton, Feb, 22, 1865. 
 
 Reports of the Niter and Min¬ 
 ing Bureau of July 31 and Dec. 3, 
 1862, and Oct. 1, 1864, are in Offi¬ 
 cial Records . . . Armies , ser. 4, 
 vol. 2, p. 26-30, 222-223, vol. 3, p. 
 695-702. Robert E. Barclay, Duck - 
 town Back in Raht^s Time (Chapel 
 Hill, 1946); Ralph W. Donnelly, ’’Con¬ 
 federate Copper, ” Civil War History, 
 1:355-370 (Dec. 1955), ’’The Confed- 
 erate Lead Mines in Wythe County, 
 Va.,”ibid., 5:402-414 (Dec. 1959), 
 ’’Scientists of the Confederate Nitre 
 and Mining Bureau, ” ibid., 2:69- 
 
 92 (Dec. 1956); Joseph LeConte, In¬ 
 structions for the Manufacture of 
 Saltpeter (Columbia, S.X^., 1862); 
 
 George W. Rains, Notes on Making 
 Saltpetre from the Earth of the Caves 
 {Augusta, Ga., 1861); Frank E. Van- 
 
 diver, ’’The Shelby Iron Works in the 
 Civil War; a Study of a Confederate 
 Industry, ” Alabama Review, 1:12-26, 
 111-127, 203-217 (Jan., Apr., July 
 1948); Joseph H. Woodward, H, ’’Ala¬ 
 bama Iron Manufacture, 1860-1865, ” 
 ibid., 7:199-207 (July 1954). 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records, Apr. 14, 1862-Apr. 1, 1865 (1/2 in.), of 
 the Niter and Mining Bureau include letters sent and received, a manu¬ 
 script copy of the Bureau's report of July 31, 1862, a return of the commis¬ 
 sioned officers and the scientific arm of the Bureau, Dec. 31, 1864, general 
 and special orders, and a few other documents. 
 
 Other War Department records 
 contain material concerning the Ni¬ 
 ter and Mining Bureau. Corre¬ 
 spondence of the heads and other 
 officers of the Bureau is in the let- 
 ters-sent books and the letters-re- 
 ceived files of the Office of the 
 Secretary of War, the Adjutant and 
 Inspector General's Office, and the 
 Quartermaster General's Office. 
 Other materials on the niter and 
 mining districts are among the re¬ 
 cords of armories, arsenals, and 
 local military commands. Inspec¬ 
 tion reports of the Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General's Office include re¬ 
 ports on the mining and manufac¬ 
 
 turing operations of the Bureau. 
 
 Other materials are in the 
 compiled files described in chapter 
 XI of this Guide . The compiled mili¬ 
 tary service records of Confederate 
 general and staff officers contain en¬ 
 velope-jackets (2 ft.) for both com¬ 
 missioned officers and professional 
 assistants attached to the Bureau. 
 Among Confederate papers relating 
 to citizens and business firms are 
 records concerning mines, ironworks 
 and leadworks, niter beds, niter con¬ 
 tractors, and professional assistants; 
 also the report made by Socrates 
 Maupin to Col. Josiah Gorgas on the 
 survey of central Alabama in 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Duke University Library has a small 
 collection of documents, 1861-65, relating to the Bureau. Papers of 
 Thomas G. Clemson who was a superintendent at Shreveport, La., are in 
 Clemson College Library. Joseph LeConte served as a chemist at Columbia, 
 S. C., and as an inspector in the field; his papers are in the Southern Historical 
 CullectionintheUniversity of North Carolina Library. His journal (1864- 
 65) and other materials are in the South Caroliniana Library of the Univer¬ 
 sity of South Carolina. Letters of Charles W. Slagle, 1863-65, in the same 
 repository concern his services at Franklin, N. C. George W. James, a 
 Bureau employee, kept a notebook regarding the operation of a charcoal 
 furnace; a photostatic copy is in the Archives Division of the Virginia State 
 ^ ibrary. Letters written by Robert A. Newell while traveling in Texas in 
 
246 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 the service of the Niter and Mining Bureau are in the Department of Ar¬ 
 chives of the Louisiana State University. 
 
 The dealings of the Niter and 
 Mining Bureau with industrial firms 
 are documented in records of the 
 firms. Records of the Tredegar 
 Iron Works are in the Archives Di¬ 
 vision of the Virginia State Library 
 and in the University of Virginia 
 Library. The Charles B. Mallett 
 papers, 1862-67, in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina relate to the 
 firm of Mallett & Browne, opera¬ 
 tors of the Egypt coal mine in North 
 Carolina. The Tennessee State Li¬ 
 
 brary and Archives has the papers 
 of Julius E. Raht, superintendent of 
 the Ducktown copper mines. Rela¬ 
 tions between Lt. Col. William R. 
 Hunt, superintendent at Selma, Ala., 
 and the Shelby Iron Company are 
 documented in the company’s records 
 in the University of Alabama Library. 
 Certain papers of William Weaver, 
 proprietor of the Bath Iron Works at 
 Buffalo Forge, Va., in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library concern the procure¬ 
 ment of iron by the Confederate 
 Government. 
 
 BUREAU OF FOREIGN SUPPLIES 
 
 In 1862 the Ordnance Bureau began operating its own blockade-runners 
 between Bermuda and the Bahamas, to which supplies were brought from 
 Europe, and Confederate ports. The War and Navy Departments also nego¬ 
 tiated with companies operating blockade-runners for cargo space to carry 
 out cotton and return war supplies. The War Department contracted with 
 Alexander Collie and Company of Liverpool for the importation of Govern¬ 
 ment freight on ships to be obtained by the company, and a blockade-run¬ 
 ning agreement was concluded with Crenshaw and Company of Richmond. 
 
 In this way the War Department avoided paying the heavy freight charges 
 levied by private blockade-runners and improved its financial position 
 abroad. 
 
 The Ordnance Bureau placed Maj. Thomas L. Bayne in charge of its 
 blockade-runners, and AIGO Special Order 174 of July 23, 1863, designated 
 Major Bayne as the War Department representative in matters connected 
 with the management of the steamers under the Collie contract. Later 
 (AIGO Special Order 259, Oct. 31, 1863) he was also charged with matters 
 connected with private steamers that carried out cotton and other produce 
 and brought in supplies for the Government. 
 
 An act of Feb. 6, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 181), established Gov¬ 
 ernment control over the foreign commerce of the Confederacy. It prohib¬ 
 ited the exportation of cotton, tobacco, military and naval stores, molas¬ 
 ses, and rice except under regulations to be issued by the President. 
 Another act of the same date prohibited the importation of luxuries. Regu¬ 
 lations issued a month later required blockade-runners to allow the Gov¬ 
 ernment one-half their cargo space at fixed rates or two-thirds at a some¬ 
 what higher rate. 
 
 After the adoption of the above acts Lt. Col. Thomas L. Bayne was 
 made the head of an office of the War Department that became known as 
 the Bureau of Foreign Supplies. In addition to the duties assigned him by 
 Special Orders 174 and 259 of 1863, he was to supervise the War Depart¬ 
 ment's trade with Bermuda and the Bahamas and provide cotton to pay for 
 foreign supplies bought by War Department bureaus (AIGO Special Order 
 64, Mar. 17, 1864). During 1864 large quantities of supplies were imported, 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 247 
 
 but by early 1865 the chief ports on the Atlantic Coast with rail connections 
 had been lost and the Bureau's work was made much more difficult. 
 
 Other than those noted below, no records of this Bureau have been 
 
 found. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Copies of contracts made by Bayne, the Quarter¬ 
 master General, and Thomas A. Harris for the importation of supplies; 
 also related correspondence. Mar. 23, 1864-Mar. 8, 1865 (ch. VIH, vol. 
 371). 
 
 Correspondence of T. L. 
 Bayne is in the records of the Of¬ 
 fice of the Secretary of War, the 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's 
 Office, and the Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral's Office. Files relating to 
 Bayne and his associates are in the 
 compiled military service records 
 of Confederate general and staff of¬ 
 ficers described in chapter XI of 
 
 this Guide . An autobiographical 
 sketch written by Bayne in 1870 now 
 in the custody of the Southern His¬ 
 torical Collection in the University 
 of North Carolina Library contains 
 information concerning the Bureau, 
 life in New Orleans and Richmond, 
 and relations between Bayne and the 
 Assistant Secretary of War. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 The Confederate Government never developed an efficient organiza¬ 
 tion for the care of prisoners of war. An act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. 
 C.S. A. Stat. 154), provided for the transfer of military and naval prison¬ 
 ers of war to the War Department and directed the Secretary of War to in¬ 
 struct the Quartermaster General to provide for their care. The War De¬ 
 partment placed the 1,000 or more prisoners captured at Bull Run under 
 the command of Brig. Gen. John H. Winder, who in June 1861 had been 
 designated provost marshal of Richmond and inspector general of camps 
 near that city. During the early part of the war Richmond became the 
 principal center for the confinement of prisoners of war, and General Win¬ 
 der continued in control of them. He also exercised an undefined supervi¬ 
 sion over other prisons and received reports from them. 
 
 The system of military prisons that evolved was still without special¬ 
 ized direction in 1864. After the transfer of most of the prisoners from 
 Richmond to Georgia, General Winder was assigned to the command of the 
 military prisons in Georgia and Alabama, and Brig. Gen. William M. Gard¬ 
 ner at Richmond was assigned to the command of the prisons in the other 
 States east of the Mississippi; both were to receive orders from the Adju¬ 
 tant and Inspector General (AIGO Special Order 175, July 26, 1864). Gen¬ 
 eral Winder was later designated Commissary General of Prisoners, with 
 responsibility for the custody, discipline, and administration of all pris¬ 
 oners east of the Mississippi River (AIGO General Order 84, Nov. 21, 1864). 
 
 Successive Commissaries General of Prisoners: 
 
 Brig. Gen. John H. Winder, Nov. 21, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, Feb. 14, 1865. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William M. Gardner, Mar. 20, 1865. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, Mar. 24, 1865. 
 
 C.S.A. Congress, Joint Se- oners of War, Report . . . (Rich- 
 
 lect Committee To Investigate the mond, 1865); William B. Hesseltine, 
 
 Condition and Treatment of Pris- Civil War Prisons; a Study in War 
 
248 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Psychology (Columbus, 1930); John 
 William Jones, comp., "The Treat¬ 
 ment of Prisoners during the War 
 Between the States, " Southern His ¬ 
 torical Society Papers , 1:113-327 
 (Mar. 1876); U.S. Congress, Re¬ 
 port on the Treatment of Prisoners 
 of War, by the Rebel Authorities, 
 during the War of the Rebellion ( H. 
 
 Rep. 45, 40 Cong., 3 sess.. Serial 
 1391, Washington, 1869); U.S. Judge 
 Advocate General's Office (Army), 
 United States Military Reservations , 
 National Cemeteries, and Military 
 Parks: Title, Jurisdiction, Etc. 
 (Washington, 1916); U.S. Quarter- 
 master's Department, Alphabetic 
 Index to Places of Interment of De ¬ 
 ceased Soldiers in the Various 
 States and Territories as Specified 
 in Rolls of Honor No. I-Xni Being 
 Those Issued from the Quartermas- 
 
 ter General's Office (Washington, 
 1868), Roll of Honor: Names of Sol ¬ 
 diers Who Died in Defense of the 
 American Union, Interred in Nation - 
 
 ^ and Other Cemeteries . . . (27 
 
 vols.; Washington, 1865-71), State¬ 
 ment of the Disposition of Some of 
 the Bodies of Deceased Union Sol¬ 
 diers and Prisoners of War Whose 
 Remains Have Been Removed to 
 National Cemeteries in the Southern 
 and Western Stat^ (4 vols.; Wash¬ 
 
 ington, 1868-69); U. S. War Depart¬ 
 ment, Official Records . . . Armies , 
 ser. 2, vols. 1-8; U.S. Christian 
 Commission, Record of the Federal 
 Dead Buried from Libby, Belle Isle, 
 Danville & Camp Lawton Prisons, 
 and at City Point, and in the Field 
 before Petersburg and Richmond 
 (Philadelphia, 1866). 
 
 Confederate prison records that were captured by Union officers and 
 forwarded to Washington in 1865 were placed in the custody of the Office of 
 the Commissary General of Prisoners or the Archive Office of the Adjutant 
 General's Office. They were used in supplying information to the Paymas¬ 
 ter General, the Commissioner of Pensions, and the Second Auditor; in 
 compiling death and burial records; and in verifying applications for com¬ 
 mutation for rations for periods when soldiers were prisoners of war. An 
 order of Aug. 19, 1867, abolished the Office of the Commissary General of 
 Prisoners and transferred records in its custody to the Adjutant General's 
 Office where a Division of Records of Prisoners of War was established. 
 
 In order to answer inquiries regarding Federal prisoners held by the Con¬ 
 federates, the Record Division of the Office of the Secretary of War to 
 which the Archive Office had been transferred in 1881 prepared in 1886 a 
 list of the names of prisoners of war from the records. By an order of 
 June 22, 1886, these records were transferred from that division to the 
 Division of Records of Prisoners of War in the Adjutant General's Office. 
 
 A list of the records thus transferred is in the Record and Pension Office, 
 Document File 429,707. Most of the records were placed in consolidated 
 files that are described below under Record Group 249. 
 
 In 1887 the Division of Records of Prisoners of War abstracted the 
 data in the records on printed slips to which were added references to the 
 sources. In 13 volumes, these slips serve as an index to the Confederate 
 prison records under Record Group 249 described below. The records re¬ 
 lating to both Confederate and Union prisons remained in the custody of the 
 Adjutant General's Office until they were transferred on Nov. 14, 1938, to 
 the National Archives where they are held as Records of the Commissary 
 General of Prisoners (Record Group 249). Record Group 109 also includes 
 records relating to Confederate prisons. 
 
 Record Group 109.-- Records of several Commissaries General of 
 Prisoners became part of the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 249 
 
 Records. In 1888 W. S. Winder of Baltimore lent to the War Department 
 letters-sent books, telegram books, special-order books, an endorsement 
 book, a registry book, and a general-order book of Brig. Gen. John H. 
 Winder for 1864-65; special orders of Col. Henry Forno and Brig. Gens. 
 
 W. M. Gardner and Daniel Ruggles, Feb. -Apr. 1865; and general orders 
 of Forno and Gardner, Feb. -Mar. 1865. Copies made from these books 
 were dispersed in different files, and the fate of the books themselves has 
 not been ascertained. In 1883 and 1887 Daniel Ruggles lent correspondence, 
 telegrams, and orders of Mar. and Apr. 1865 for copying. 
 
 Letters of General Winder, 
 most of the other Commissaries 
 General of Prisoners, and commis¬ 
 sioners who examined political pris¬ 
 oners are in the correspondence of 
 the Office of the Secretary of War, 
 the Adjutant and Inspector General’s 
 Office, and other offices of the War 
 Department described in this chap¬ 
 ter. A reference file of cross-ref¬ 
 erence cards and copies of corre¬ 
 spondence, 1861-65, in Record 
 Group 109 is arranged alphabetical¬ 
 ly by name of prison or place. A 
 U. S. War Department compilation, 
 this file assists in locating the 
 
 correspondence referred to above. 
 
 It includes copies of correspondence 
 of Robert Quid, some inspection re¬ 
 ports of prisons, and lists of pris¬ 
 ons and prison camps. Reports on 
 prisons are among the inspection 
 reports of the Adjutant and Inspector 
 General’s Office. Some compiled 
 records relating to Federals in Con¬ 
 federate prisons are in the records 
 of the U. S. Commissary General 
 of Prisoners (Record Group 249). 
 Correspondence and other documents 
 relating to prisons are in Official 
 Records . . .Armies , ser. 2, 
 vols. 1-8. 
 
 Record Group 249 .—Brief lists of prisoners. Mar. 1862 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 54), who escaped from or were received at Salisbury Military 
 Prison, a roll of political prisoners there, and a list of prisoners captured 
 at New Bern and paroled by General Burnside. Orders issued by the In¬ 
 spector General of Camps and Prisons, June 29-Oct. 21, 1861 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 54, p. 1-13), include those of General Winder concerning the 
 movement and transfer of soldiers, surveys of horses and property, courts- 
 martial, details, and leaves of absence. A large file of miscellaneous 
 rolls and records concerns Federal and Confederate prisoners of war, 1861- 
 65 (10 ft.). It includes lists of prisoners captured, lists of prisoners in 
 hospitals, lists of prisoners exchanged, rolls of prisoners who died in Con¬ 
 federate prisons, lists of prisoners paroled, individual parolees, lists of 
 prisoners who took an oath to the Confederate States of America, lists of 
 prisoners interred in Confederate cemeteries, lists of political prisoners, 
 staffs of Confederate hospitals, and letters to the Confederate Agent for 
 the Exchange of Prisoners. The rolls show prisoner’s name and military 
 organization (place of residence for civilian prisoners); place, date, and 
 circumstances of capture; and charges. Information is sometimes given 
 about occupations, behavior while in prison, and further disposition. A 
 list of the rolls and lists in this file is available at the National Archives. 
 Reports and correspondence of Sydney S. Baxter and Isaac H. Carrington 
 relating to investigations of civilian prisoners held in Richmond, July 
 1863-Feb. 1864 (2 1/2 in.), concern both Unionists and Confederates. A 
 register of reports by Baxter and Carrington is in ch. H, vol. 236, p. 146- 
 149, Record Group 109. Monthly statistical reports of sick and wounded 
 Federal prisoners of war in military prison hospitals at Richmond, Jan.- 
 
250 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Feb. 1865 (1/2 in.), show on printed forms the number of men sick and the 
 diseases. Miscellaneous correspondence, reports, rolls, and lists of the 
 Adjutant General’s Office relating to prisoners of war, 1862-67 (3 in.), in¬ 
 clude lists of those who died in Confederate prisons in Richmond, Atlanta, 
 Savannah, Florence, and Charleston; a list of Federal prisoners in the 
 Salisbury military prison who enlisted in the Confederate Army; a list of 
 prisoners who left Camp Lawton, ca. Nov. 1864; and an original register 
 of deaths in the military prison hospital at Camp Lawton. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A small collection of John H. Winder 
 papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library contains a few documents of the war period. The papers 
 of John D. Imboden, 1831-95, in the University of Virginia Library also 
 contain wartime material. 
 
 Other files in Record Group 
 249 contain rolls, lists, and reports 
 of Federal prisoners of war who were 
 captured, paroled, or exchanged 
 by the Confederates, enlisted in the 
 Confederate Army, or who died in 
 Confederate military prisons. The 
 extensive file of rolls of Federal 
 prisoners of war delivered on pa¬ 
 role, 1862-65, contains rolls signed 
 by Robert Quid and other Confeder¬ 
 ate officers for prisoners of war 
 delivered at Aiken’s Landing, Va., 
 
 Charleston, S.C., City Point, Va., 
 
 Wharf, Va., Graysville, Va., Har¬ 
 pers Ferry, Va., Jacksonville, 
 
 Fla., Lafayette, Tenn., Lawrence 
 County, Ky., Morris Island, S.C,, 
 
 Military Prisons 
 
 Mumfordsville, Ky., North East 
 Ferry, N. C., Red River Landing, 
 La., Richmond, Ky., Richmond, 
 
 Va., Savannah, Ga., Turkey Island 
 Landing, Va., U. S. Ford, Va., and 
 Woodbury, Tenn. See especially en¬ 
 tries 28, 34, 37, and 58 in ’’Prelim¬ 
 inary Inventory of the Records of 
 the Office of the Commissary Gener¬ 
 al of Prisoners” at the National 
 Archives. 
 
 Information from prisoner-of- 
 war records was abstracted on index 
 record cards that are filed in the 
 compiled military service records of 
 Confederate military personnel de¬ 
 scribed in chapter XI of this Guide. 
 
 Andersonville, Ga. 
 
 Toward the end of 1863 when the need was greatest General Winder 
 sent Capt. W. S. Winder to Georgia to select a site for a large prison. 
 During the winter Capt. Richard B. Winder, an assistant quartermaster, 
 superintended the construction of a stockade and prison buildings on a site 
 chosen near Americus. The first prisoners were confined in Feb. 1864 
 and the total number of prisoners at Andersonville has been reliably set at 
 49,485. Of these, approximately 14,000 died. 
 
 On the approach of General Sherman’s army in Sept, and Oct. 1864 
 all except 5,000 unable because of sickness to be moved were transferred 
 to Savannah and Charleston. Early in 1865 some of the remaining ones 
 were able to be marched to Wilmington, N.C., for exchange and others were 
 transferred to Charlotte. In April 1865 the last of the prisoners were taken 
 to Florida and then paroled. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Col. Alexander W. Persons, Feb. 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John H. Winder, June 17, 1864. 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 251 
 
 Col. George C. Gibbs, Oct. 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A correspondence book, May 18, 1864-Mar. 19, 
 1865 (ch. IX, vol. 227), contains fair copies of a few letters sent and re¬ 
 ceived by Capt. Henry Wirz, commander of the interior of the prison. A 
 volume of reports on medical and sanitary conditions at Andersonville, 1864 
 (ch. EX, vol. 226), contains Surg. Joseph Jones’ observations on diseases 
 of Federal prisoners confined there and copies of letters and reports (Apr. 
 25-Sept. 16, 1864) of Isaiah H. White, chief surgeon at Andersonville mili¬ 
 tary prison hospital, letters of R. R. Stevenson, surgeon in charge, and 
 a report on gangrene by Asst. Surg. Amos Thornburgh. 
 
 Record Group 153. —A bound volume of press copies of letters sent 
 by the post quartermaster at Camp Sumter (Capt. Richard B. Winder), 
 
 Jan. 27-Sept. 28, 1864, accompanies the general-court-martial record of 
 Capt. Henry Wirz in the records of the Office of the U. S. Judge Advocate 
 General (file MM 2975). It contains letters to General Winder, the Quar¬ 
 termaster General, quartermasters, commissaries, and others; and ap¬ 
 pointments of and instructions to purchasing agents. In the same file is 
 an order book of Captain Winder containing special orders to personnel, 
 
 Oct. 4, 1864-Apr. 6, 1865, and a few orders received, Nov. 26, 1864-Mar. 
 28, 1865, from the Adjutant and Inspector General, _the Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral, and Brig. Gen. William M. Gardner. 
 
 Record Group 249. —Records pertaining to Andersonville among the 
 records of the Commissary General of Prisoners include a register of 
 prisoners. Mar. 1864-Apr. 1865 (misc. records., vols. 2 and 3); consoli¬ 
 dated morning reports of prisoners, Apr. 1, 1864-May 5, 1865 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 110); registers of patients in the military prison hospital, Feb. 
 24, 1864-Apr. 17, 1865 (misc. records, vol. 113), and Aug. 1864-Mar. 1865 
 (misc. records, vol. 4); an index to the registers (misc. records, vols. 
 
 Ill and 112); a register of burials, Feb. 27, 1864-Apr. 28, 1865 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vols. 114-118, [114-117 in one vol. ]), which is probably the register 
 prepared by Dorence Atwater (see below); and a register of burials. Mar. 
 1864-Mar. 1865 (5 in.), accompanied by a military prison hospital provi¬ 
 sion return, Aug. 1864-Mar. 1865 (l/8in.). 
 
 The above records in Record 
 Group 249, except those relating to 
 deaths, have been indexed alphabet- 
 icaUy by the U.S. War Department. 
 The index is with the record group. 
 See also the inventory of this re¬ 
 cord group at the National Archives. 
 A record of U. S. money owed to 
 Andersonville prisoners (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 51 [2]) also appears to 
 be a compilation of the U.S. War 
 Department. Surgeon Jones’ obser¬ 
 vations on diseases at Anderson¬ 
 ville are published in Official Re¬ 
 cords . . . Armies, ser. 2, vol. 8, 
 p. 588-625. The record of the pro¬ 
 ceedings of the trial of Captain 
 Wirz is printed in ’’Trial of Henry 
 
 Wirz, ” H. Ex. Doc. 23, 40 Cong., 
 2sess., Serial 1331 (Washington, 
 1868), which also contains some war¬ 
 time documents. Dorence Atwater, 
 a Union prisoner at Andersonville, 
 while paroled and detailed as a clerk 
 in Surgeon White’s office secretly 
 made a copy of the prison hospital’s 
 death register. It was copied by the 
 U. S. War Department in the summer 
 of 1865. Atwater then published A 
 List of Union Soldiers Buried at An¬ 
 dersonville, Copied from the Official 
 Records in the Surgeon’s Office at 
 Andersonville (New York, 1866). 
 
 See ’’Dorence Atwater, ” H. Ex. Doc . 
 149, 39 Cong., Isess., Serial 1267 
 (Washington, 1866). 
 
252 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 In 1863 a former slavepen south of Atlanta was used for the impris¬ 
 onment of Union soldiers captured at Chickamauga. Confederate soldiers 
 guilty of desertion and other infractions of military law were also confined 
 there. 
 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 Cahaba, Ala. 
 
 Late in 1863 an old cotton shed on the west bank of the Alabama River 
 10 miles south of Selma began to be used as a military prison. A wooden 
 stockade was being erected around it at the end of Mar. 1864 when there 
 were 660 prisoners on hand. Some prisoners were later taken to Ander- 
 sonville, but by Oct. 1864 there were more than 2,000. Surgeon R. H. 
 Whitfield was in charge of the small hospital at the prison. Most of the 
 prisoners were removed early in 1865. 
 
 The commandant of this prison was Capt, H. A. M. Henderson. 
 
 William M. Armstrong, "Ca¬ 
 haba to Charleston: the Prison Od¬ 
 yssey of Lt. Edmund E. Ryan, " 
 Civil War History , 8:218-227 (June 
 
 1962); Peter A. Brannon, "The Ca¬ 
 haba Military Prison, 1863-1865, " 
 Alabama Review, 3:163-173 (July 
 1950). 
 
 Record Group 249 . —A register of patients returned to prison or to 
 duty, Oct. 1, 1864-Mar. 20, 1865 (misc. records, vol. 12, p. 374-396); a 
 register of deaths, Jan. 1864-Apr. 1865 (misc. records, vol. 12, p. 398- 
 403); and morning reports of patients, Nov. 2, 1864-May 2, 1865 (misc. 
 records, vol. 12, p. 407-420). 
 
 Camp Lawton, Ga. 
 
 In Sept. 1864 a stockade was constructed near Millen, 80 miles north 
 of Savannah, for prisoners of war from Andersonville and Savannah. In the 
 enclosure of 44 acres the prisoners built huts from the timber felled in 
 clearing the camp, and an inadequate hospital was also constructed. More 
 than 10,000 prisoners were held at Camp Lawton in the fall of 1864, but as 
 a result of General Sherman’s operations they were removed in Nov. 1864 
 to Blackshear and Thomasville, Ga. 
 
 The commandant of this prison was Capt. D. W. Vowles. 
 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Prisoners of war were kept at several places in Charleston. In 1861 
 prisoners taken at the first battle of Bull Run were removed from Richmond 
 to Castle Pinckney in Charleston Harbor. In 1862 prisoners were kept in 
 the city jail. U. S. naval personnel from the gunboat Isaac Smith were held 
 in Charleston in 1863, and in 1864 600 officers arrived from Macon. By 
 Sept. 1864, 6,000 prisoners were held on the fairground on the outskirts of 
 the city. The workhouse in Charleston was also used as a prison for offi¬ 
 cers. 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 253 
 
 Successive commandants of prisoners: 
 
 Col. John F. Iverson, 
 
 Capt. William J. Gayer. 
 
 Lt. Col. R. Stark Means, Sept. 27, 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In Duke University Library is a guard 
 report (l vol.) of the military prison at Castle Pinckney, Aug, 29, 1864- 
 Feb. 1, 1865. It gives names of soldiers on guard during different reliefs, 
 their companies and regiments, places where posted, and names of ser¬ 
 geants and corporals of the guard. Included also is a list of names of 
 prisoners with dates of imprisonment, charges, and sentences. 
 
 Columbia, S.C. 
 
 Prisoners of war were held at several places in and near Columbia. 
 Late in 1861 they were kept in the city jail and at a fairground. On Jan. 
 
 28, 1862, the Secretary of War ordered Col. John S. Preston, comman¬ 
 dant of the camp of instruction at Columbia, to assume command of the 
 prisoners and the special guard. That summer prisoners sent from 
 Charleston were turned over to his command. Capt. R. D. Senn, comman¬ 
 der of the post guard at Columbia, was in charge of prisoners of war in the 
 ’’Jailhouse Prison” there in 1864. In Oct. 1864 officer prisoners were 
 transferred from Charleston to a field near Columbia where a makeshift 
 prison was constructed. It became known as Camp Sorghum, from a prin¬ 
 cipal item in the prison diet: sorghum molasses. So many escapes from 
 Camp Sorghum occurred that a new prison for officers was established on 
 the grounds of an asylum for the insane. In Feb. 1865 there were 1,200 
 prisoners at the new prison, known as Camp Asylum. At the same time a 
 large prison was being constructed at Killian’s Mills 11 miles from Colum¬ 
 bia on the railroad line to Charlotte. In the middle of Feb. 1865 the pris¬ 
 oners were conducted from Camp Asylum to Charlotte, and soon afterward 
 1,003 officers were removed to Goldsboro and paroled. 
 
 Successive commandants of Camps Sorghum and Asylum: 
 
 Lt. Col. R. Stark Means, Oct. 1864. 
 
 Maj. Elias Griswold, Dec. 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. —An account of a sutler at the Columbia military 
 prison, Nov. 1, 1864-Feb. 19, 1865 (ch. DC, vol. 243), contains a chrono¬ 
 logical record of receipts for provisions, postage stamps, supplies, shoes, 
 and tableware sold to prisoners. 
 
 Danville, Va. 
 
 On Nov, 11, 1863, 4,000 prisoners of war were transferred from 
 Richmond to Danville where they were quartered in six tobacco factories. 
 Other prisoners came from Richmond in 1864. During Feb. and Mar. 1865, 
 most of the prisoners were removed for exchange, and when U. S. forces 
 occupied Danville in April only 763 prisoners remained. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Capt. Henry McCoy, Nov. 1863. 
 
 Maj. Mason Morfit, Dec. 1863. 
 
 Lt. Col. Robert C. Smith, Oct. 25, 1864. 
 
 James I. Robertson, Jr., Civil War Prisons, ” Virginia Mag- 
 
 "Houses of Horror; Danville’s azine of History and Biography , 
 
254 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 69:329-345 (July 1961). 
 
 Record Group 249 . —A register of patients in the military prison 
 hospital, Nov. 1863-Mar. 27, 1865 (misc. records, vol. 18); and a register 
 of deaths in the hospital, Nov. 1863-Apr. 1865 (misc. records, vol. 12, p. 
 272-357). 
 
 Florence, S.C. 
 
 In Sept.-Oct. 1864 Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones, commander at Charles¬ 
 ton, transferred prisoners of war from Charleston to Florence. A stock¬ 
 ade was built around 23 acres, and by Oct. 12, 1864, there were 12,362 
 prisoners at Florence. Able-bodied prisoners were escorted away for ex¬ 
 change in Feb. 1865, and early in March the prison was abandoned. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Maj. F. F. Warley, Sept. 1864. 
 
 Lt. Col. John F. Iverson, Dec. 6, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 249 .--A register of prisoners. Sept.-Dec. 1864 (misc. 
 records, vol. 12, p. 430-547), giving for names from S to W only the date 
 of arrival, names, rank, company, regiment, place captured, branch of 
 service, date and place of birth, and disposition. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The South Carolina Archives Department 
 has a few records of the Florence prison, Nov. 1864-Jan. 1865, including 
 correspondence, a court-martial proceeding, and a morning report. 
 
 Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 Prisoners captured by Gen. Thomas J. Jackson in the Shenandoah 
 Valley were placed in stables at a fairground in Lynchburg. A tobacco 
 warehouse and a hospital held 2,248 prisoners in July 1862. These were 
 exchanged, but in 1864 others were held at Lynchburg. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Major Moffett. 
 
 Col. George C. Gibbs. 
 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 Macon, Ga. 
 
 Some officer prisoners were held at Macon by the post commandant, 
 and when others arrived from Richmond in May 1864 they were placed in 
 a 3-acre enclosure, which became known as Camp Oglethorpe, on a fair¬ 
 ground just east of Macon. Late in July 1864 some of the prisoners were 
 removed to Charleston and the others to Savannah. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Capt. W. K. Tabb. 
 
 Capt. George C. Gibbs, May 25, 1864. 
 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 The War Department took over a number of tobacco factories, ware¬ 
 houses, and other buildings in Richmond for use as military prisons. In 
 1861 prisoners from Bull Run were placed in Liggon's and Harwood’s factories. 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 255 
 
 and later in 1861 General Winder commandeered a tobacco warehouse that 
 had belonged to W. H. Gwathmey. These buildings were in the lower part 
 of Richmond known as Rocketts. Officers were transferred from Liggon’s 
 factory to the neighboring Atkinson’s tobacco factory. In 1862 the Confed¬ 
 erate Government confined U. S. officers in a building at the corner of Cary 
 and 20th Streets that had belonged to L. Libby & Son, ship chandlers and 
 grocers. Nearby tobacco warehouses also became known after their owners 
 as Scott’s and Pemberton’s Prisons. In Jan. 1863 the factory of R. H. 
 
 Mayo was occupied, and early in the fall of 1863 Brigadier General Winder 
 impressed James H. Grant’s factory at Franklin and 19th Streets and Smith’s 
 factory on 21st Street. By late 1863 Yarborough’s or Yarbrough’s, W. H. 
 Ross’, Crew’s, J. B. & A. L. Royster’s, and Barrett’s factories were 
 also occupied. In June 1862 a prison camp was established on Belle Isle, a 
 small island in the James River, where during the war more than 20,000 
 prisoners were received. During 1862-63 Capt. Norris Montgomery com¬ 
 manded the Belle Isle prison camp, and he was succeeded by Lt. Virginius 
 Bossieux. In the summer of 1864, some Union prisoners were kept in the 
 ’’Jailhouse Prison” (Richmond County Jail). 
 
 By late Nov. 1863 there were 10,590 prisoners in Richmond and by 
 Jan. 1864 over 14,000, more than half on Belle Isle under very crowded 
 conditions exposed to the weather. Some were transferred to Danville and 
 many more to the newly established Andersonville military prison. Officers 
 were removed from Richmond to Danville, Salisbury, and Macon; later, in 
 Feb. 1865, many were brought back for exchange. The prisoners were 
 escorted away on Richmond’s evacuation in Apr. 1865 but escaped. 
 
 Before the designation of a Commissary General of Prisoners the 
 commanders of the Department of Henrico had general charge of the mili¬ 
 tary prisons in Richmond. AIGO Special Order 52 of Mar. 3, 1865, re¬ 
 lieved Brigadier General Gardner from duty at Richmond and placed Lt. 
 
 Gen. Richard S. Ewell, commander of the Department of Richmond, in 
 charge of the prisons. 
 
 Successive commandants of the military prisons: 
 
 Capt. Archibald C. Godwin. 
 
 Capt. Henry Wirz. 
 
 Capt. George W. Alexander. 
 
 Capt. Thomas P. Turner, Oct. 27, 1862. 
 
 Frank L. Byrne, ’’Libby Pris¬ 
 on; a Study in Emotions, ” Journal of 
 Southern History , 24:430-444 (Nov. 
 1958); C.S. A. Congress, House of 
 Representatives, Committee To 
 Enquire into the Treatment of Pris¬ 
 oners at Castle Thunder, Evidence 
 Taken before the Committee of the 
 House of Representatives, Appointed 
 
 To Enquire into the Treatment of 
 
 Prisoners at Castle Thunder (|n.p^, 
 
 1863?]; printed also in Official Re¬ 
 cords . . . Armies, ser. 2, vol. 5, 
 
 p. 871-924); William H. Jeffrey, 
 Richmond Prisons, 1861-1862, Com¬ 
 piled from the Original Records Kept 
 by the Confederate Government (St. 
 
 Johnsbury, Vt., ca. 1893). Report 
 of the Joint Select Committee on the 
 Conduct of the War on ’’Returned 
 Prisoners, ” May 9, 1864, H. Rep. 
 67, 38 Cong., Isess., Serial 1206 
 (Washington, 1864), contains testi¬ 
 mony of Federal prisoners who had 
 been confined in Confederate prisons 
 in Richmond. 
 
 On May 2, 1865, Col. Richard D. Cutts, a U. S. officer who had been 
 charged with collecting Confederate records in Richmond, forwarded to the 
 
256 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 War Department three boxes of records of the headquarters of the Rich¬ 
 mond military prisons and the next day he sent to Washington three large 
 volumes. On July 17, 1865, Lt. Col. Albert Ordway, Provost Marshal 
 General in Richmond, sent the letter book of Clarence Morfit to the Adju¬ 
 tant General in Washington. These records are described below. 
 
 Record Group 109. —A letter and order book of the Richmond military 
 prisons office, Jan. 20, 1862-Dec. 15, 1863 (ch. DC, vol. 199 1/2), contains 
 copies of letters and orders of General Winder and Captains Godwin, Wirz, 
 Turner, and W. S. Winder, instructions to the commander of the prisons, 
 letters received by the Winders, letters from S. S. Baxter and Robert 
 Quid, and orders regarding the administration of the prisons. This book is 
 a copy made by the War Records Office in 1886 from the original lent by 
 Col. Edward H. Ripley of Rutland, Vt. A copy is also with the records of 
 the Office of the U. S. Commissary General of Prisoners (Record Group 
 249, misc. records, vol. 106 1/2). A letters-sent press copy book. Mar. 
 
 7, 1863-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. DC, vol. 232), of Capt. Clarence Morfit, quarter¬ 
 master of the Richmond prisons, contains letters to General Winder, the 
 Quartermaster General, the Richmond quartermaster, and others. 
 
 Record Group 249 . —Registers of prisoners entitled "Nominal Lists 
 of Prisoners of War Received at Richmond, " July 23, 1861-Apr. 2, 1865 
 (misc. records, vols. 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, and 101-106), show the date of 
 receipt, name, rank, company, regiment. State, date and place of capture, 
 date and reason for discharge (transfer, parole, or exchange), by whose 
 order discharged (General Winder or Colonel Quid), where sent, and addi¬ 
 tional information about prisoners paroled, exchanged, or deceased. They 
 include Federal military and naval prisoners of war, political prisoners 
 from the South and the North, and foreigners. A register of Federal offi¬ 
 cers kept in Libby Prison, Sept. 24, 1862-Mar. 25, 1865 (misc. records, 
 vol. 100), contains similar information and is similarly arranged. A reg¬ 
 ister of Negro prisoners, 1862-65 (misc. records, part of vol. 69), supplies 
 abundant information on their status and disposition, and there is a register 
 of civilian prisoners, 1862-63 (misc. records, vol. 98). Daybooks of ar¬ 
 rivals at military prisons in Richmond, June 1861-Apr. 1865 (misc. records, 
 vols. 32, 52-53, 58-61, and 63-67, 8 in.), give the prisoner’s number and 
 name, rank, company, regiment, place and date of capture, and sometimes 
 information as to disposition. Daybooks of the arrival and disposition of 
 prisoners, Nov. 15, 1862-Mar. 28, 1865 (misc. records, vols. 70-91, 10in;), 
 contain similar information. "Roll Call Books, " Oct. 18, 1861-Jan. 24, 1865 
 (misc. records, vols. 119-127, 6 in.), contain morning and evening reports 
 of the numbers of prisoners in the different prisons and hospitals. 
 
 Other records are more specialized. A list of noncommissioned of¬ 
 ficers and privates captured at Reams’ Station, Va., Aug. 25, 1864, and 
 received at Richmond, Aug. 27, 1864 (misc. records, vol. 68), shows the 
 prisoner’s name, rank, company, and place of birth. A daybook of pris¬ 
 oners received at Barrett’s factory, prison no. 4, June 30-Sept. 2, 1862 
 (misc. records, vol. 55), shows the prisoner’s number, name, rank, com¬ 
 pany, regiment. State, and place and date of capture. Morning reports of 
 prisoners at Belle Isle Prison, Sept. 1-Oct. 8, 1864 (misc. records, vol. 
 
 34), give the prisoner’s number, name, rank, company, regiment, date 
 hospitalized, date discharged, and disease. A list of prisoners received 
 at Libby Prison in May 1863 and paroled on May 13 (misc. records, vol. 62), 
 and a list of vaccinated prisoners of war in Richmond prisons and hospitals, 
 1863-64 (misc. records, vol. 44), show the prisoner’s name, rank. 
 
COMMISSARY GENERAL OF PRISONERS 
 
 257 
 
 company, regiment, and age. Lists of prisoners of war released at City 
 Point, Va., by Confederate authorities, July 19-Aug. 3, 1862 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 57), show prisoner’s number, name, rank, company, regi¬ 
 ment, and State. A register of visitors to prisoners in Richmond, July 8, 
 1861-Mar. 30, 1862 (misc. records, vol. 59, p. 1-15), shows names of visi¬ 
 tors, names of prisoners visited, and kind of permit issued. Lists of pris¬ 
 oners of war received at military prisons in Richmond, June 1862 (2 in.), 
 show the prisoner’s name, rank, company, regiment. State, and where 
 and when captured. A list of Federal prisoners paroled before the battles 
 [1862] before Richmond, (ll/2in.), shows the same information. These 
 lists were prepared for the Confederate Agent for the Exchange of Prisoners. 
 
 Incomplete records of the Military Prison Hospital (General Hospital 
 No. 21) are also available. A register of patients. Mar. 1, 1863-June 9, 
 
 1864 (misc. records, vol. 66A), also lists names of hospital employees. 
 There is a register of prisoners of war and U. S. Army deserters admitted 
 to the hospital. Mar. 9, 1863-Apr, 2, 1865 (misc. records, vols. 20 and 
 21). For use with these records is an alphabetical name index (’’Index to 
 Miscellaneous Records of Prisoners of War--Except Deaths”). Other pris¬ 
 on hospital records are described under the Surgeon General’s Office, and 
 other records relating to military prisoners in Richmond are described 
 under the Department of Richmond. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Ryder Collection of Confederate Ar¬ 
 chives in the Tufts College Library contains 455 morning reports of pris¬ 
 oners in the Richmond military prisons on printed forms. Mar. 22, 1862- 
 Dec. 16, 1863. These reports show the number of prisoners of war, civil¬ 
 ian prisoners. Confederates, Federal deserters, and Negroes on hand, re¬ 
 ceived, or transferred each day. On other forms are 117 passes, Jan. 7, 
 1863-July 29, 1864, issued by order of Generals Winder and Gardner and 
 Majors Turner and Carrington to visitors to Libby Prison. An alphabetical 
 list of the names of persons to whom passes were issued is in Historical 
 Records Survey, Massachusetts, A Calendar of the Ryder Collection of Con¬ 
 federate Archives at Tufts College , p. 157-159 (Boston, 1940). 
 
 Salisbury, N. C. 
 
 Early in Nov. 1861 the War Department bought an abandoned cotton 
 factory at Salisbury for use as a military prison; the factory and five adja¬ 
 cent buildings were enclosed by a board fence and prepared for the recep¬ 
 tion of prisoners. In Dec. 1861 the first prisoners arrived, and on July 16, 
 1862, General Winder reported a total of 780 prisoners at Salisbury. Early 
 in Oct. 1864 7,500 prisoners were transferred from Belle Isle (Richmond). 
 The total number of prisoners held in Salisbury on Nov. 6, 1864, was 8,740. 
 In Mar. 1865 more than 2,279 prisoners were sent to Richmond for exchange; 
 the rest of the prisoners were later removed, and the prison was turned 
 over to the Ordnance Department. 
 
 Successive commandants of this prison: 
 
 Maj. George C. Gibbs, Jan. 11, 1862. 
 
 Capt. Swift Galloway, Sept. 14, 1863. 
 
 Capt. George W. Alexander, May 1864. 
 
 Col. John A. Gilmer, Jr., June 8, 1864. 
 
 Maj. John H. Gee, Aug. 24, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, Dec. 20, 1864. 
 
258 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Adolphus W. Mangum, ’’Salis¬ 
 bury Prison, ” in Walter Clark, ed., 
 Histories of the Several Regiments 
 and Battalions from North Carolina 
 in the Great War 1861-’65, vol. 4, 
 
 p. 745-772 (5 vols.; Goldsboro, 
 
 1901); Ida B. Williams, ’’John Henry 
 Gee, Physician and Soldier, ” Georgia 
 Historical Quarterly, 45:238-244 
 
 IseptTToeiyr 
 
 Record Group 249 . - -An undated index of prisoners of war who en¬ 
 listed in the Confederate service (misc. records, vol. 13) gives name, rank, 
 regiment, company, arm, and State. Also in this record group are a 
 register of patients in the military prison hospital, Oct. 1, 1864-Apr. 8, 
 
 1865 (misc. records, vol. 5), a register of hospital patients (prisoners 
 and guards) returned to duty. May 2-Dec. 17, 1864 (misc. records, vol. 12, 
 p. 80-122), and a register of patients dated May 1-Nov. 14, 1864 (misc. re¬ 
 cords, vol. 12, p. 1-75). A register of deaths. May 7, 1864-Feb. 19, 1865 
 (misc. records, vol. 12, p. 127-192 and 200-257), shows name, rank, com¬ 
 pany, regiment, disease, and date of death. 
 
 A list of the names of soldiers 
 who had served court-martial sen¬ 
 tences at Salisbury and who were to 
 be restored to duty is in AIGO Spe¬ 
 cial Order 285, Dec. 1, 1864. 
 
 C.S. A. War Department, [Commun¬ 
 ication from the Secretary of War, 
 Enclosing a List of the Civilian 
 Prisoners in Custody at Salisbury, 
 
 N. C., under Military Authority, 
 Richmond, 1863J contains a list of 
 
 133 prisoners with residences, occu¬ 
 pations, and causes of arrest. The 
 proceedings of a military commission 
 that tried Maj. John H. Gee at Ra¬ 
 leigh, N. C., in 1866 (Record Group 
 153, Records of the Office of the U. S. 
 Judge Advocate General, file MM 
 3972), contain wartime documents. 
 Records of the prison hospital are 
 described under the Surgeon Gener¬ 
 al’s Office. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Bradley T. Johnson papers in Duke 
 University Library contain correspondence, Feb. 1-Apr. 21, 1865, with 
 the War Department and Gov. Zebulon B. Vance of North Carolina and tele¬ 
 grams, Jan.-Apr. 1865, concerning the administration of the Salisbury 
 military prison. Included are a few communications from Capt. James M. 
 Goodman and Maj. Mason Morfit, quartermasters. 
 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 
 In July 1864 Federal prisoners arrived at Savannah from Macon and 
 Cahaba. The prison was located on grounds adjoining the old U. S. marine 
 hospital. By the end of the first week in September there were 1,500 pris¬ 
 oners at Savannah. Since there were not enough soldiers to guard the pris¬ 
 oners, they were moved to Charleston, Millen, and Blackshear, Ga., with¬ 
 in a short time. Savannah was occupied by U.S. forces on Dec. 21, 1864. 
 
 The commandant of this prison was Col. Richard A. Wayne. 
 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
 
 On instructions dated Oct. 28, 1861, Maj. J. L. Calhoun, assistant 
 quartermaster at Montgomery, rented an abandoned papermiH at Tusca¬ 
 loosa for use as a military prison. Prisoners were brought from Richmond, 
 Montgomery, and Pensacola. Early in Mar. 1862, 214 prisoners captured 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 259 
 
 at Fort Donelson and held temporarily in Memphis were sent to Tuscaloosa. 
 Although some prisoners at Tuscaloosa were exchanged later that year, in 
 1864 more than 4,000 prisoners were held there. 
 
 Maj. Elias Griswold was designated as commandant on Nov, 21, 1861. 
 No records of this prison have been found. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY 
 
 Under the Confederate Constitution the President was Commander 
 in Chief of the Army and Navy, and because of his military back¬ 
 ground President Davis considered himself best qualified to establish 
 military policy. Early in 1862 he vetoed an act providing for the appoint¬ 
 ment of a commanding general who was to be charged with the direction of 
 military operations and the supply and discipline of the Army because it 
 did not make the officer subordinate to the President. On Mar. 13, 1862, 
 Gen. Robert E. Lee was assigned to duty at Richmond and charged with the 
 direction of military operations under the President (AIGO General Order 
 14). The President continued to exercise his authority as Commander in 
 Chief and Lee was referred to as military adviser. After Lee’s departure 
 from Richmond in June 1862, the position of military adviser was vacant 
 until the assignment of Gen. Braxton Bragg on Feb. 24, 1864 (AIGO Gen¬ 
 eral Order 23). General Bragg left Richmond in Oct. 1864 to assume com¬ 
 mand of the Department of North Carolina. An act of Jan. 23, 1865 (Rams- 
 dell. Laws and Joint Resolutions, p. 22), authorized the President to ap¬ 
 point a ’’General in Chief, ” who as ranking officer of the Army was to have 
 command of the Confederate military forces. Appointed General in Chief 
 on Feb. 9, 1865, General Lee continued to maintain his headquarters with 
 the Army of Northern Virginia and to devote most of his attention to it. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of General Lee include copies of letters 
 sent. Mar. 13-Aug. 13, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 83 1/2), to generals and other 
 Army officers. War Department officials. Governors and other officials of 
 States, post commanders, and others; general orders issued. Mar. 20 and 
 Apr. 11, 1862, and a circular. Mar. 31, 1862 (ch. VEI, vol. 237, p. 21-22); 
 special orders issued. Mar. 14-June 3, 1862 (ch. VHI, vol. 240, p. 171- 
 180); a few circulars issued, Apr. 20-28, 1862; and an incomplete file of 
 general orders issued, Feb. 11-28, 1865. There are copies of letters and 
 telegrams sent by General Bragg, Apr. 8-July 27, 1864 (ch. H, part of 
 vol. 359), to Army officers. Government officials, and the President. 
 
 Other Lee papers are de¬ 
 scribed in the section of this chapter 
 on the Army and Department of 
 Northern Virginia. General Bragg’s 
 papers are described below under 
 
 records of other commands and of¬ 
 ficers. The files of the Secretary 
 of War and War Department bureaus 
 contain correspondence of Generals 
 Lee and Bragg. 
 
 TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 The military forces of the Confederacy were organized into geograph¬ 
 ical units and armies commanded by general officers. Most of the geo¬ 
 graphical units were territorial departments which were subdivided into 
 districts and subdistricts--a few territorial divisions included several de¬ 
 partments. The fighting forces or mobile commands were organized into 
 armies, corps, divisions, brigades, and regiments. 
 
260 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Extensive authority was delegated to the army commanders who 
 operated largely without direction from Richmond. There was no general 
 staff at the Capital to aid the President and the Secretary of War in plan¬ 
 ning and directing the operations of the Army. Distances were so great 
 and communications so slow that effective control of operations from the 
 Capital was not possible. 
 
 Generals in command of armies and territorial departments acquired 
 staffs to assist them in developing plans for military operations, coordi¬ 
 nating movements, and procuring supplies. The large armies had a Chief 
 of Staff, an Assistant Adjutant General, an Inspector General, a Chief of 
 Ordnance, a Chief Quartermaster, a Chief Engineer, a Chief of Subsist¬ 
 ence, a Chief of Artillery, a Chief Signal Officer, and a Medical Director. 
 These staff officers had subordinates of lower rank to assist them in hand¬ 
 ling the activities of their departments. The generals had aides-de-camp 
 who took care of much of the paperwork connected with the preparation of 
 dispatches and reports on operations. The staff officers served at the 
 headquarters of the armies or the departments. Other quartermasters, 
 commissaries, ordnance officers, and civilian employees served at other 
 points attending to the procurement and transportation of supplies. 
 
 Provost marshals and provost guards were the military police of that 
 day. Commanders of departments assigned provost marshals to cities, 
 towns, and posts where there were hospitals or depots for more effective 
 police protection. The provost marshals administered the passport system 
 that was instituted to restrain stragglers and deserters, prevent communi¬ 
 cating with the enemy, and detect spies. Provost marshals also conducted 
 courts for the trial of Army personnel, guarded prisoners and deserters, 
 posted guards on railroad trains, arrested drunk and disorderly soldiers 
 and deserters, controlled the departure of vessels from ports, and im¬ 
 pressed Negroes. Where martial law was proclaimed, such as in Richmond 
 and Charleston, the provost marshals had charge of police departments and 
 detectives and other civilians to assist in the operations. 
 
 Francis T. Miller and Roberts. 
 Lanier, eds., "Confederate Armies 
 and Generals, " in The Photographic 
 History of the Civil War, vol. 10, 
 p. 239-286 (New York and London, 
 1957); U.S. War Department, Atlas 
 to Accompany the Official Records 
 of the Union and Confederate Armies 
 {2 vols.; Washington, 1891-95), 
 
 Memorandum of Armies, Corps, and 
 
 Geographical Commands in the Con - 
 ederate States from 1861 to 1865 
 Washington, n. d., reprinted in 
 William F. Amann, ed., Personnel 
 of the Civil War , 2 vols.; New York, 
 1961), "Special Index for the Princi¬ 
 pal Armies, Army Corps, Military 
 
 Divisions and Departments, " in 
 Official Records ... Armies , ser. 
 130, p. xliii-xlvii; Frank E. Van¬ 
 diver, Rebel Brass; the Confederate 
 Command System (Baton Rouge, 1956). 
 See also the bibliography in the sec¬ 
 tion of this chapter on the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General’s Office under 
 "Appointment Records." Instructions 
 regarding records that were to be 
 forwarded to the War Department 
 bureaus in Richmond are in C. S. A. 
 War Department, Regulations for the 
 Army of the Confederate States, 1863 
 
 (Richmond, 1863). See also the cita- 
 
 tions to bureau regulations in other 
 sections of this chapter. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Several files compiled apparently by the U.S. 
 War Department relate to the Confederate Army as a whole or to many 
 elements of the Army. A file (15 ft.) of post, department, and army 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 261 
 
 returns, rosters, and lists, 1861-65, contains morning reports showing 
 the number of men present and absent; periodic returns showing the loca¬ 
 tions of organizations and their strength; lists of deserters, paroled pris¬ 
 oners exchanged, men detailed, quartermasters, and medical officers; and 
 rosters of officers. There is a file (3 ft.) of battle reports, 1862-64. A 
 file (1 ft.) of general and special orders issued by minor commands, 1861- 
 65, relates chiefly to Virginia. 
 
 In this record group are orders issued by the headquarters of the 
 Western Department, the Central Army of Kentucky, the 1st and 4th Divi¬ 
 sions of the Western Department, Gen. John S. Bowen's brigade, and the 
 Army of the Mississippi, 1861-62 (ch. VIII, vol. 337); orders issued by the 
 headquarters of the Army of the Mississippi, the Western Department, the 
 Army of Tennessee, and by subordinate commands, 1862-63 (ch. Vm, vol. 
 342); and other orders issued by the Adjutant and Inspector General in 
 Richmond, the Western Department, and the Army of Tennessee, 1862-63 
 (ch. vm, vol. 347). There are circulars, letters, and orders (ch. 11, vol. 
 223) from Gen. Charles Clark's command (forces near Corinth, Miss., 
 and Union City, Tenn.), May-Aug. 1861; Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer's bri¬ 
 gade, Knoxville, Tenn., Aug.-Sept.'1861; and Gen. Simon B. Buckner's 
 ("Tennessee") brigade. Central Division of Kentucky, and the Army of 
 Kentucky, Sept. 1861-Feb. 1862. 
 
 Records of the 1st Kentucky Brigade were given to the War Depart¬ 
 ment in 1887 by Fayette Hewitt, who had been assistant adjutant general of 
 the brigade. The file of letters, reports, orders, and other papers, 1861- 
 65 (1 ft.), includes letters received, general and special orders and circu¬ 
 lars received and issued, surgeons' reports of sick and wounded men, re¬ 
 ports on stoppages of ordnance stores, lists of ordnance and ordnance 
 stores condemned, reports on wagons, statistical morning-strength reports, 
 weekly reports of effective strength, and reports on the appraisement of 
 horses. It also contains cross-reference cards for reports on casualties 
 and rolls of commissioned officers that were withdrawn and placed in other 
 files. The records of this brigade, then, include: letters and telegrams 
 sent and received, Dec. 3, 1861-Nov. 19, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 311); general 
 orders issued, Oct. 26, 1862-Aug. 18, 1863, and Oct. 4, 1863-Oct. 27, 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 308, p. 100-134, and vol. 310, p. 375-380); special orders 
 issued, Oct. 26, 1862-Sept. 5, 1863, and Sept. 25, 1863-Oct. 30, 1864 (ch. 
 
 II, vol. 308, p. 2-89, 141-148, and vol. 310, p. 201-232); general orders 
 and circulars received, Apr. 1862-May 1864 (ch. II, vol. 305, p. 1-79, 
 vol. 306, p. 89-218, vol. 308, p. 273-337, vol. 309, and vol. 313, p. 1-12); 
 general orders and circulars received and sent, Nov. 16, 1861-Apr. 12, 
 
 1864 (ch. n, vol. 307); special orders received, Apr. 14, 1862-Sept. 15, 
 
 1864 (ch. n, vol. 305, p. 89-131, vol. 306, p. 1-16, 20-81, vol. 308, p. 90- 
 94, 174-272, 344, vol. 310, p. 301-366, and vol. 313, p. 62-92); special 
 orders received from the headquarters of Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge, 
 Nov. 16, 1861-Oct. 14, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 316); special orders received from 
 the headquarters of the Reserve Corps of the Army of the Mississippi, Maj. 
 Gen. J. C. Breckinridge commanding, Apr. 13-May 13, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 315, 
 p. 1-24); general and special orders and circulars received, June 28, 1862- 
 Aug. 24, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 312); and general and special orders and circu¬ 
 lars received and issued. Mar. 15, 1863-Jan. 19, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 314). 
 
 The orders were received from the Central Army of Kentucky, the Depart¬ 
 ment of Mississippi and East Louisiana, the Army of the Mississippi, the 
 Western Department, the Army of Tennessee, the Army of the West, the 
 
262 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Department of the West, the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office, and 
 the Surgeon General’s Office. There are copies and extracts of special 
 orders received from the Adjutant and Inspector General’s Office, Dec. 31, 
 1861-May 23, 1861 (ch. H, vol. 313, p. 51-61). Statistical morning-strength 
 reports, Nov. 1861-Feb. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 317), May 1862-Jan. 1863 (ch. 
 n, vol. 309, p. 10-55), and Nov. 1862-Nov. 1864 (ch. n, vol. 310, p. 2- 
 161) give information regarding the regiments constituting the brigade. 
 Semiweekly returns of the 1st Brigade, Reserve Corps, and of the Army of 
 the Mississippi, May 7 and 11, 1862, are in vol. 309, p. 7 and 9. Also 
 available are a record of details, discharges, resignations, furloughs, and 
 transfers, July 12, 1862-June 29, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 315, p. 26-80), a list 
 of men killed and wounded at Hartsville, Tenn., Dec. 7, 1862 (ch. n, vol. 
 308, p. 358), and a report on the appraisement of horses. Mar. 17, 1863 
 (ch. n, vol. 308, p. 356). 
 
 C. S, A. War Department, Of - 
 ficial Reports of Battles Published 
 % Order of Congress (Richmond, 
 
 1862). This compilation was re¬ 
 printed with the title Southern His ¬ 
 tory of the War; Official Reports of 
 Battles as Published by Order of 
 the Confederate Congress at Rich ¬ 
 mond (New York, 1863). C. S. A. 
 War Department, Official Reports 
 of Battles Published by Order of 
 Congress (Richmond, 1864). Many 
 of the records described below are 
 published in Official Records ... 
 Armies (available on microfilm as 
 M 262). Supplementary documents 
 are in U, S. Army Service Schools, 
 Fort Leavenworth, Kans., Donel - 
 son Campaign Sources Supplemen ¬ 
 ting Volume 7 of the Official Re¬ 
 cords ..., ed. by A. L. Conger 
 
 ([Fort Leavenworth], 1912); U. S. 
 General Service Schools, Fort Leav¬ 
 enworth, Kans., Fort Henry and Fort 
 Donelson Campaigns, February 1862; 
 Source Book, ed. by A. L. Conger 
 and C. H. Lanza (Fort Leavenworth, 
 1923). Confederate military depart¬ 
 ments, districts, and armies issued 
 general and special orders, circulars, 
 and other documents in printed form. 
 Collections of these have been assem¬ 
 bled by many libraries and are listed 
 in Crandall, Confederate Imprints , 
 1:119-142, and in Harwell, More 
 Confederate Imprints, 1:29-45. Many 
 documents relating to Army commands 
 and military departments and districts 
 are in the compiled military service 
 records of Confederate officers de¬ 
 scribed in chapter XI of this Guide. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Many of the repositories listed in this 
 Guide hold miscellaneous collections of records relating to the Confederate 
 Army. Repositories in both North and South have Confederate materials 
 in miscellaneous files on the Civil War or in collections of personal papers. 
 Such files should be checked for information regarding military organiza¬ 
 tions and officers. 
 
 Department of Alabama and West Florida 
 
 Established in Oct. 14, 1861, this department embraced Pensacola, 
 Fla., and the State of Alabama, with headquarters at Mobile. It included 
 the District of Alabama, commanded by Brig. Gen. Jones M. Withers and 
 consisting of Alabama and that part of Mississippi east of the Pascagoula 
 River. In Jan. 1862 this district was designated the Army of Mobile. The 
 department and the army were discontinued on June 27, 1862. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 263 
 
 Successive commanders of the department: 
 
 ^ Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, Oct. 14, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel Jones, Mar. 3, 1862. 
 
 Col. W. L. Powell (temp.), Mar. 24, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John H. Forney (temp.), Apr. 28, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —General and special orders issued by the de¬ 
 partment and the Army of Mobile, 1861-62 (1 in.); letters-sent book of the 
 Engineer Office at Mobile, Apr. -May 1862 (ch. in, vol. 15). 
 
 Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana 
 
 The Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, embracing Mis¬ 
 sissippi and that part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi River, was es¬ 
 tablished on Oct. 1, 1862, and divided into the 1st, 2d, and 3d Military 
 Districts. In Jan. 1864 the department was merged into the Department of 
 Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana, which in Oct. 1864 became 
 part of the Military Division of the West. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of Mississippi and East 
 Louisiana: 
 
 Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, Oct. 1, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk, Dec. 23, 1863. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, 
 and East Louisiana: 
 
 Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk, Jan. 28, 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, May 9, 1864. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, Sept. 23, 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Dabney H. Maury (temp.), Nov. 22, 1864. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, Dec. 12, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 36 . —Records of Capt. L. R. Evans, ordnance officer. 
 Sept. 1862-Nov. 1863 (2 in.), and requisitions for ordnance and ordnance 
 stores, Jan. 1863 (1/2 in.), are with the records of the collector of cus¬ 
 toms at Mobile. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of the Department of Mississippi and 
 East Louisiana include letters and telegrams sent, Oct. 17, 1862-Aug. 28, 
 1863 (ch. n, vols. 57 and 60); letters and telegrams sent, Oct. 25-Dec. 26, 
 1862 (4 in.; copies made by the War Records Office in 1879); letters sent 
 relating to trade, Nov. 29, 1862-Mar. 23, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 56); letters, 
 telegrams, and reports relating to operations around Vicksburg and its 
 siege and surrender, Jan.-Dec. 1863 (4 in.); letters and telegrams re¬ 
 ceived by General Pemberton, Jan. 1862-Aug. 1864 (1 ft.); endorsements 
 on letters received, Oct. 19, 1862-Feb. 6, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 1 3/4); quar¬ 
 termaster records of Pemberton’s command, Oct. 1862-May 1863 (1/8 in.), 
 including returns, lists, requisitions, and reports; and letters sent by Maj. 
 Theodore Johnston, chief of subsistence, Apr. 25-June 17, 1863 (ch. Vm, 
 vol. 370). Other records include a record of general and special orders 
 received, Jan. 7-Sept. 3, 1864 (ch. n, part of vol. 6); and a duty roster of 
 the brigades of Gens. John Gregg, Samuel B. Maxey, and William N. R. 
 Beall, 1863 (ch. I, vol. 106). 
 
 Records of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Loui¬ 
 siana include copies of letters sent by the commanding generals or their 
 adjutants general, Jan. 13, 1864-May 11, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 8 1/2, 8 3/4, 
 
 14, and 1 index vol.); copies of telegrams sent, Jan. 2-Aug. 31, 1864, and 
 Nov. 22, 1864-Apr. 22, 1865 (ch. n, parts of vols. 6 and 196, vols. 10, 11, 
 
264 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 and 236 1/4); letters and telegrams received, 1862-65 (1 ft. 6 in.); register 
 of letters and telegrams received, 1862-65 (ch. H, vol. 7 1/2); endorse¬ 
 ments on letters received, Nov. 1863-May 1865 (ch. n, vols. 3-5, and 2 
 index vols.); general and special orders and circulars issued by the de¬ 
 partmental headquarters and subcommands, 1862-65 (4 in.); special orders 
 issued, Jan. 1-May 9, 1865 (ch. EE, vol. 199, with index in ch. n, vol. 
 
 13 1/2); commissary papers, 1862-65 (1 in.); and general orders issued 
 chiefly by the provost marshal general, Jan. 27- July 8, 1864 (ch. n, part 
 of vol. 196). 
 
 Records of subordinate officers and commands include an account 
 book of Maj. A. B. Cooke, chief paymaster. May 1, 1862-May 8, 1865 (ch. 
 V, vol. 235); letters and telegrams sent by the chief pay quartermaster. 
 Sept. 24, 1863-Apr. 26, 1865 (ch. V, vols. 240 and 241); letters sent by 
 Maj. John A. A. West, chief of artillery, Jan. 1, 1865-Mar. 25, 1865 (ch. 
 n, vol. 9); press copies of letters sent by Col. Samuel H. Lockett, chief 
 engineer, Oct. 11, 1864-May 8, 1865 (ch. HI, vol. 11); press copies of let¬ 
 ters sent by Capt. Walter J. Morris, acting chief engineer*, Oct. 20, 1864- 
 Feb. 7, 1865 (ch. El, vol. 6, p. 148-159); letters sent by the chief quarter¬ 
 master (Majors R. M. Mason, John W. Young, and Thomas Peters), Mar. 
 8-Aug. 1, 1864 (ch. V, vol. 221); endorsements on letters received by 
 cavalry headquarters in Mississippi commanded by Maj. Gen. Stephen D. 
 Lee, Sept. 1863-Mar. 1864 (ch. n, vol. 2), with a memorandum of accounts 
 paid, July 1864-May 1865; special orders issued by Maj. Gen. S. D. Lee, 
 Sept. 4, 1863-Apr. 25, 1864 (1/4 in.); orders and letters sent and received 
 by John Brownrigg, chief surgeon of Maj. Gen. S. D. Lee's cavalry corps, 
 Oct. 16, 1863-May 6, 1864 (ch. Vm, vol. 343); records of subsistence and 
 quartermaster stores received and issued at Camp Lewis, La., July-Dee. 
 1862 (ch. V, vol. 140); and provision returns and reports of stores on hand, 
 
 1863- 65 (1 in.). 
 
 For the 3d Military District of the Department of Mississippi and 
 East Louisiana commanded by Maj. Gen. Frank Gardner at Port Hudson, 
 La., there are letters sent, Dec. 29, 1862-July 5, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 8); 
 correspondence and reports, 1862-63 (2 in.); and general and special or¬ 
 ders issued, Dec. 28, 1862-July 8, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 198). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Military telegrams of General Pember¬ 
 ton, Oct. 18, 1862-May 2, 1863, are in the U. S. Naval Academy Museum, 
 and a few other papers of Pemberton are in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. A letters-sent book of Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor, Sept. 25, 
 
 1864- May 9, 1865, and telegrams sent. Sept. 7, 1864-May 11, 1865 (4 note¬ 
 books), are in Tulane University Library. General orders issued. Depart¬ 
 ment of Mississippi and East Louisiana, Feb. 10-May 24, 1864 (1 vol.), are 
 in the Virginia Historical Society collections. Orders of Maj. Gen. Dabney 
 H. Maury, Jan. 3-Apr. 17, 1863, and orders of Maj. Gen. John H. Forney, 
 Apr. 17-Aug. 14, 1863, are in the Chicago Historical Society collections. 
 Capt. John B. Vinet, an engineer officer, preserved some papers and maps 
 of Alabama that are in the Department of Archives, Louisiana State Univer¬ 
 sity. That repository also has hospital inspection reports by Surg. Peter 
 B. McKelvey, Oct. 1864-Apr. 1865 (1 notebook). A journal of events at 
 Fort Morgan, Ala., by Hurieosco Austill, Aug. 1864, is in the Alabama 
 Department of Archives and History. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 265 
 
 Department No, 1 
 
 The Military District of Louisiana, embracing the city of New Or¬ 
 leans and its defenses, was established on Apr. 17, 1861. The district was 
 merged on May 27, 1861, into Department No. 1 which included the State of 
 Louisiana and the southern portions of Mississippi and Alabama, including 
 Fort Morgan. In June 1862 Department No. 1 was merged into Department 
 No. 2 (or Western Department). Early in 1861 the Louisiana State troops 
 commanded by Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg and by Col. Paul O. Hubert were 
 designated the Army of Louisiana. 
 
 Successive commanders of the district and department: 
 
 Maj. Gen. David E. Twiggs, Apr. 17, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, Oct. 7, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Press copies of letters sent by the Artillery and 
 Engineer Department of the Army of Louisiana, Feb. 1861 (ch. HI, vol. 
 
 19 1/2). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Letters sent by Col. Johnson K. Duncan, 
 commander of Forts Jackson and St., Philip, Feb. 23, 1861-Jan. 11, 1862 
 (1 vol.), are in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit in 
 the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 The following wartime publi¬ 
 cations provide documentation: 
 
 C.S. A. Congress, House of Repre¬ 
 sentatives, Correspondence between 
 the President, War Department 
 and Governor T. O. Moore, Relat¬ 
 
 ing to the Defenses of New Orleans 
 Richmond, 1863); C. S. A. War De- 
 
 partment. Correspondence between 
 the War Department and General 
 
 Lovell, Relating to the Defenses of 
 
 New Orleans (Richmond, 1863), Pro ¬ 
 
 ceedings of the Court of Inquiry, Re 
 lative to the Fall of New Orleans 
 (Richmond, 1864). 
 
 Departments of East Tennessee and Western Virginia 
 
 The District of East Tennessee was established on July 26, 1861, and 
 renamed the Department of East Tennessee in Mar. 1862. In that month it 
 was extended to include Chattanooga and vicinity and in July to include part 
 of northern Georgia. The Department of Southwestern Virginia was estab¬ 
 lished on May 8, 1862, and in November of that year it was designated the 
 Trans-Allegheny or Western Department of Virginia. 
 
 Successive commanders of the District of East Tennessee: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer, July 26, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. George B. Crittenden, Dec. 8, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, Mar. 8, 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of East Tennessee: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, Mar. 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John P. McCown (temp.). Sept. 1, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones, Sept. 23, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Henry Heth, Dec. 19, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, Dec. 23, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Daniel S. Donelson, Jan. 17, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William G. M. Davis, spring 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Dabney H. Maury, Apr. 25, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, May 12, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William Preston, July 4, 1863. 
 
266 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Lt. Gen. James Longstreet, Dec. 5, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, Apr. 12, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William E. Jones, May 2, 1864. 
 
 Col. George B. Crittenden (temp.), May 31, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John H. Morgan (temp.), June 22, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John C. Breckinridge, Sept. 27, 1864. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, Mar. 25, 1865. 
 
 After the assignment of General Jones, the commanders of the De¬ 
 partment of East Tennessee also commanded the Trans-Allegheny or West¬ 
 ern Department of Virginia. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of Southwestern Virginia: 
 
 Maj. Gen. William W. Loring, May 8, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John Echols, Oct. 15, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John S. Williams, Nov. 19, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Records of the Department of East Tennessee 
 include letters and telegrams sent. Mar. -Nov. 1862 (ch. n, vols. 51, 52, 
 and 237); letters and telegrams sent and special orders, Aug. -Dec. 1862 
 (ch. n, vol. 52 1/2); endorsements on letters received, Nov. 22, 1862- 
 Mar. 31, 1863, Oct. 11-Dec. 27, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 51 1/2; ch. Vm, vol. 
 
 357); general and special orders and circulars, 1861-64 (1 in.); orders and 
 letters sent by General Zollicoffer’s brigade, Aug. 1861-Jan. 1862 (ch. n, 
 vol. 280); and copies of letters and telegrams received and sent by Col. 
 William B. Wood, post commander at Knoxville, Oct. 14-Nov. 25, 1861 
 (ch. n, vol. 279). Records of the Department of East Tennessee, Provost 
 Marshal’s Office (Cols. William M. Churchwell and John E. Toole), in¬ 
 clude correspondence and other documents relating to Federal prisoners, 
 Apr. 1862-June 1863 (2 1/2 in.); telegrams received, Jan. 1862-Aug. 1863 
 (1/2 in.); correspondence relating to passes, Apr. 1862-Aug. 1863 (3 in.); 
 bonds for loyalty and good behavior, Apr. 1862-June 1863 (1 1/2 in.), index 
 in ch. n, vol. 236; jailers’ reports of prisoners in the Knoxville jail, Aug. 
 1862-Aug. 1863 (1/2 in.); and an undated record of passes issued (1 vol.) 
 with a separately bound index. 
 
 Records of the Department of Western Virginia include letters and 
 telegrams sent. Mar.-Oct. 1863 (ch. n, vols. 58, 61, and 65); letters sent, 
 Oct. 1863-Jan. 1864 (ch. n, vol. 54); endorsements on letters received, 
 Mar. -Dec. 1863 (ch. n, vol. 261); general orders and circulars, Dec. 10, 
 1862-Mar. 25, 1864 (ch. II, vol. 62); special orders, Dec. 10, 1862-Apr. 2, 
 1863, and Jan. 27-May 31, 1864 (ch. H, vols. 63 and 64); letters and tele¬ 
 grams sent by Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones’ command, Aug. 1862-Feb. 1863 
 (ch. n, vol. 233); letters sent by Maj. T. M. Bowyer, chief of ordnance, 
 Nov. 14, 1862-Jan. 23, 1864 (ch. IV, vol. 89); a personal data and clothing 
 issue book of the post guard at Abingdon, 1861-65 (ch. Vm, vol. 89); and 
 telegrams sent by Maj. J. Stoddard Johnston from Dublin, Dec. 17-20, 1864. 
 
 Records of the Departments of East Tennessee and Western Virginia 
 include letters sent, orders, and circulars, Apr. 1863-Oct. 1864 (ch. n, 
 vol. 234); telegrams sent, Apr. 1863-Sept. 1864 (ch. 11, vol. 235); tele¬ 
 grams sent, Apr., May, and Dec. 1864 (1/4 in.); letters received, Jan. 
 1862-Mar. 1865 (6 in.); and telegrams received, Dec. 1862-Mar. 1864 (4 
 in.). Records of the Provost Marshal’s Office include papers relating to 
 political prisoners, miscellaneous papers, and correspondence, Oct. 1861- 
 Feb. 1865 (8 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Two letters sent by Gen. Edmund Kirby 
 Smith, June 14 and Aug. 1862, are in Duke University Library. Orders 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 267 
 
 issued and received by General Zollicoffer's brigade, Aug. 21, 1861-Jan. 17, 
 1862 (1 vol.), are in the Confederate Museum. Copies of letters sent, Apr. 
 14, 1862-Aug. 23, 1862, by Maj. William H. Thomas as chief commissary 
 of the Department of East Tennessee and other papers of Major Thomas, 
 Jan. 1862-Jan. 1863 (701 items), including copies of outgoing letters, vouch¬ 
 ers for supplies issued at Knoxville, invoices, and returns of provisions, 
 are in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. A let- 
 ters-sent book of Maj. Gen. W. W. Loring in the Virginia State Library, 
 Archives Division, contains copies of letters written from the headquarters 
 of the Department of Southwestern Virginia, May 19-Sept. 1, 1862. Other 
 papers of General Loring are in Duke University Library which also has 
 letters received (with a few letters sent) of Capt. William E. Duncan, 
 quartermaster at Giles Courthouse, Dec. 31, 1861-Aug. 18, 1862. A mis¬ 
 cellaneous record book of the ordnance depot at Dublin, Va., containing 
 letters, reports, and invoices, Nov. 1862-Jan. 1865, is in the New York 
 Public Library. A correspondence and order book of Col. William B. 
 
 Wood, 16th Alabama Infantry, Oct. 14, 1861-Jan. 11, 1862, in the Confeder¬ 
 ate Museum is chiefly for the period when he was post commander at 
 Knoxville; he moved in Dec. 1861 to Camp Beach Grove, Ky. 
 
 District of the Gulf 
 
 Established in the Western Department on July 2, 1861, this district 
 embraced the region east of the Pearl River to the Apalachicola and north 
 to the 3 2d parallel. For a few months in the latter part of 1863 it was called 
 the Department of the Gulf, and on Jan. 28, 1864, it was merged into the 
 Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. 
 
 Successive commanders of the district: 
 
 Brig. Gen. John H. Forney, July 2, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William W. Mackall (temp.), Dec. 8, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, Dec. 14, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Frank Gardner (temp.), Apr. 27, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Dabney H. Maury, May 1863. 
 
 Record Group 36. —Press copies of letters sent by Capt. Samuel H. 
 Lockett, engineer officer at Fort Morgan, Ala., Sept. 14-Oct. 27, 1861, 
 with the records of the collector of customs at Mobile, are in a book that 
 also contains letters sent by the Superintendent’s Office, Mobile Harbor 
 Improvement, Apr. 1854-Nov. 1857. A timebook for mechanics and slaves 
 employed at Fort Morgan, May 1861-May 1862 (1 vol.), is in the same col¬ 
 lection of records. 
 
 Record Group 109. —General and special orders issued from head¬ 
 quarters and from subcommands, 1862-65 (1/4 in.); endorsements on let¬ 
 ters received, Jan. -Apr. 1865 (ch. n, vol. 98); press copy books of letters 
 sent by the engineer office at Mobile, Jan. 10, 1863-May 3, 1865 (ch. HI, 
 vols. 10, 12, 13, and 16), containing outgoing letters, telegrams, and re¬ 
 ports signed by Brig. Gen. Danville Leadbetter, Lt. Col. Victor von 
 Sheilika, and Col. Samuel H. Lockett, chief engineer of the district; letters- 
 sent book of the headquarters of the Eastern Division at Blakely, Ala., 
 
 Mar. 14-Apr. 9, 1865, containing fair copies signed by Brig. Gen. St. John R. 
 Liddell, commanding, and Capt. H. L. D. Lewis, acting assistant adjutant 
 general; a dispatch and telegram book of the Eastern Division, Mar. -Apr. 
 1865 (ch. n, vol. 100); record of extra-duty men, civilian employees, and 
 buildings and articles hired by Maj. E. G. Mohler, quartermaster at 
 
268 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Mobile, 1862-64 (ch. V, vol. 212); rolls of civilians, Negroes, and detailed 
 men employed by Maj. J. E. Klumph, quartermaster at Mobile, 1864-65 
 (ch. Vm, vol. 96); and a record of slaves hired, 1864-65 (ch. V, vol. 135). 
 
 Department of Henrico 
 
 This department was established on Oct. 21, 1861, and embraced 
 Henrico County, the seat of which was Richmond. In Mar. 1862 it was ex¬ 
 tended to include Petersburg and 10 miles of surrounding country, and on 
 May 5, 1864, it was merged into the Department of Richmond. The depart¬ 
 mental commander was also in charge of the President's Guard. On Mar. 
 
 4, 1862, the provost marshal of this department took over from the Office 
 of the Secretary of War the function of issuing passports. 
 
 The commander of this department was Brig. Gen. John H. Winder. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters received by Brig, Gen. John H. Winder, 
 1862-65 (1 l/4in.), are entered in a register (ch. n, vol. 236), for which 
 there are alphabetical name indexes. A miscellaneous file, 1861-62 (1 in.), 
 consists of lists of deserters delivered to Winder, memoranda, correspond¬ 
 ence, payrolls of hospital guards, commutations of rations, reports, and 
 accounts current. An account book of Capt. John H. Parkhill, Apr. -Dec. 
 1862 (ch. X, vol. 185), shows amounts received by draft, check, and cash, 
 and the names of persons to whom disbursements were made, with the 
 amounts. Another section on disbursements shows only check numbers 
 and the amounts. Abstracts of disbursements on account of contingencies 
 made by Col. John H. Parkhill, Oct. 28, 1862-Mar. 17, 1863 (ch. V. vol. 
 
 248 1/2), show amounts paid for quartermaster purposes. Other records 
 that were begun by the Department of Henrico are described under the De¬ 
 partment of Richmond. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —In the Confederate Museum are general 
 and special orders. May 14-Oct. 29, 1863 (1 vol.), including copies of many 
 special orders to the provost marshal regarding the disposition of military 
 and civilian prisoners held in Richmond prisons; letters sent. May 15-Oct. 
 27, 1863 (part of the same vol.), including copies of letters to the provost 
 marshal and his assistant, prison commanders, and the agent for the exchange 
 of prisoners; and appointments of clerks and detectives. 
 
 Army of the Kanawha 
 
 Troops that had been under the command of Brig. Gen. Henry A. Wise 
 since June 1861 were organized on Aug. 12 of that year into the Army of the 
 Kanawha. In Oct. 1861 the army was merged into the Department of North¬ 
 ern Virginia. 
 
 The commander of the army was Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters-sent books, July-Sept. 1861 (ch. n, vols. 
 93 and 95); general and special orders, July-Dee. 1861 (ch. H, vols. 94 
 and 96); copies of correspondence between Generals Floyd and Wise, July- 
 Sept. 1861 (ch. n, vol. 232); and letters, telegrams, and reports sent and 
 received, 1861 (2 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Other papers of General Floyd are in 
 Duke University Library. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 269 
 
 Central Army of Kentucky and the Army of Kentucky 
 
 Organized in Oct, 1861, the Central Army of Kentucky was united in 
 Mar. 1862 with the Army of the Mississippi. The Army of Kentucky was 
 organized on Aug. 25, 1862, and in November of that year these armies 
 were merged into the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 Commanders of the Central Army of Kentucky: 
 
 Gen. Albert S. Johnston, Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen, William J. Hardee, Dec. 5, 1861. 
 
 The commander of the Army of Kentucky was Maj. Gen. Edmund 
 Kirby Smith. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -General and special orders of both armies, 1861- 
 62 (1 in.); special orders, 2d Division, Central Army of Kentucky, Nov, 2, 
 1861-Feb. 6, 1862 (ch. H, vol, 225); and letters sent. Army of Kentucky, 
 Sept. -Oct. 1862 (ch, H, vol. 82). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Papers of Surg. Charles J. Johnson, 
 who treated men wounded in the battle of Shiloh, are in the Department of 
 Archives of Louisiana State University. 
 
 Central Division of Kentucky 
 
 The Central Division of Kentucky was in existence from Sept. 1861 to 
 Feb. 1862, with headquarters at Bowling Green. 
 
 The commander was Brig. Gen. Simon B. Buckner. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters, telegrams, and circulars sent. Sept. 
 1861-Feb. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 226), and general and special orders, 1861-62 
 (ch. n, vol. 224). 
 
 Army of the Mississippi (Western Department) 
 
 On Mar. 5, 1862, troops in the Western Department were organized 
 as the Army of the Mississippi. It had two corps headed by Maj. Gens. 
 Leonidas Polk and Braxton Bragg. When the Army of the Mississippi was 
 united with the Central Army of Kentucky on Mar. 29, Gen. Albert S. John¬ 
 ston took command. The larger Army of the Mississippi fought the battle 
 of Shiloh on Apr. 6-7, 1862. In July the army was transferred to Chatta¬ 
 nooga, and when General Bragg resumed command in Nov. 1862 it became 
 the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 Successive commanders: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, Mar. 6, 1862. 
 
 Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Mar. 17, 1862. 
 
 Gen. Albert S. Johnston, Mar. 29, 1862. 
 
 Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Apr. 6, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, May 7, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee, July 5, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk (temp.), Sept. 28, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, Nov. 7, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. --General and special orders and circulars issued. 
 Mar. 4-Dec. 28, 1862 (2 1/2 m.); general and special orders issued by 
 Brig. Gen, James P. Anderson's brigade. Mar. 24-June 29, 1862 (ch. VIH, 
 vol. 338), with morning reports of the 1st Brigade, June 22-28, 1862; en¬ 
 dorsements on letters received by Anderson's brigade. May 2, 1863-May 
 7, 1864 (ch. n, vol. 18 1/2); report of killed, wounded, and missing of the 
 
270 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 2d Corps at the battle of Shiloh, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 220); letters and tele¬ 
 grams sent by the Corinth Ordnance Depot, Apr. 15-May 20, 1862 (ch. IV, 
 vol. 25), including communications signed by William H. McMain, the 
 military storekeeper and Capt. Hypolite Oladowski; and a record of ord¬ 
 nance and ordnance stores issued, Feb. 24-May 13, 1862 (ch. IV, vols. 122 
 and 123). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —General orders and circulars. Mar. 5- 
 Apr. 28, 1862 (1 vol.), are in the Louisiana Historical Association collec¬ 
 tion on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane Univer¬ 
 sity. An order book of Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson’s brigade of 
 Withers’division. Mar. 13, 1862-Jan. 10, 1863 (microfilm), is in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. Or¬ 
 ders, circulars, reports, and returns of Brig. Gen. Charles Clark’s divi¬ 
 sion, Mar. 10-Aug. 4, 1862, are in the Mississippi Department of Archives 
 and History. That repository also has returns of quartermaster and com¬ 
 missary stores, property accounts, and ordnance accounts, 1861-62, and 
 copies of cash vouchers paid by Col. Madison McAfee, May-Dec. 1861. A 
 record of requisitions for ordnance by Capt. John T. Champneys, ordnance 
 officer at Columbus, Ky., Oct. 1861-Feb. 1862 (1 vol.), and his record of 
 ammunition and ordnance stores on hand, received, and issued. Sept. 1861- 
 Feb. 1862 (1 vol.), are in Emory University Library. Papers of Gen. A. 
 
 S. Johnston are in the Chicago Historical Society collections, and a scrap¬ 
 book is in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. 
 
 Army of Mobile 
 
 The Army of Mobile was organized under the Department of Alabama 
 and West Florida on Jan. 27, 1862. It comprised troops in, around, and 
 south of Mobile and was discontinued on June 27, 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Jones M. Withers, Jan. 27, 1862. 
 
 Col. John B. Villepigue (temp.), Feb. 28, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel Jones, Mar. 15, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109.—General and special orders issued. Mar.-May 
 1862 (1/8 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Letters sent by Brig. Gen. Samuel 
 Jones, Feb. 6-July 18, 1862, are in part of a volume with the Bragg papers 
 in the Western Reserve Historical Society collections. 
 
 Department of North Carolina and the Department of North Carolina and 
 
 Southern Virginia 
 
 The Department of North Carolina was established in the summer of 
 
 1861. On Sept. 29 the District of Cape Fear, including Wilmington and its 
 defenses, was established and became a part of it. In Nov. 1861 the depart¬ 
 ment was enlarged to include Roanoke Island and in June 1862 it was extend¬ 
 ed to the south bank of the James River and Drewry’s Bluff. On Sept. 19, 
 
 1862, it was abolished, and the State of North Carolina became part of the 
 Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, which included the 
 defenses of Richmond. Reestablished on Apr. 1, 1863, the Department of 
 North Carolina included the State of North Carolina, and it was extended on 
 May 28, 1863, to include that part of the Department of Southern Virginia 
 as far north as Petersburg and its environs and the Appomattox River. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 271 
 
 On May 19, 1864, it became part of the Department of North Carolina and 
 Southern Virginia. 
 
 Successive commanders of the District of Cape Fear: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Anderson, Oct. 5, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel G. French, Mar. 15, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William H. C. Whiting, Dec. 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of North Carolina: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Richard C. Gatlin, Aug. 20, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Anderson, Mar. 19, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, Mar, 25, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, July 17, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. William H. C. Whiting, July 14, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett, Sept, 23, 1863. 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, Nov. 27, 1864. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of North Carolina and 
 Southern Virginia: 
 
 Maj. Gen, Gustavus W. Smith, Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Samuel G. French (temp.), Feb. 17, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. James Longsfreet, Feb. 26, 1863. 
 
 Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, May 14, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . —Telegrams sent and received by Col. John J. 
 Hedrick, commander of Fort Holmes, N. C., May 20-Dec. 3, 1864 (1 vol.). 
 
 Record Group 109. —Letters and telegrams sent, Aug. 25, 1861-Mar. 
 7, 1862 (ch. n, vol. 262 1/2); orders and circulars issued by the depart¬ 
 ment headquarters and other commands, 1861-65 (2 in.); letters sent by 
 Brig. Gen. Walter Gwynn, commanding the coast defenses, May-Aug. 1861 
 (ch. n, vol. 259 1/2); letters sent and orders issued by the Wilmington 
 command, Apr. -May 1861 (ch. H, vol. 331); special orders. Department of 
 North Carolina and Southern Virginia, Apr. -Oct. 1864 (ch. H, vol. 216); 
 general and special orders of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Military Districts, 1864 
 (1/4 in.); rosters of officers in Gen. Thomas L. Clingman’s brigade, 1861- 
 62, and endorsements on letters received by the brigade, July 1863 (ch. H, 
 vol. 345); and letters, orders, and circulars issued. Mar. 1863-June 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 216 1/2). 
 
 Records of Maj. Gen. W. H. C. Whiting’s command include letters 
 sent, Nov. 1862-Jan. 1865 (ch. H, vols. 334-339); telegrams sent, Dec. 
 1862-Aug. 1863 (ch. H, vol. 326); telegrams received, Jan. 1865 (ch. H, 
 vol. 328); a register of letters received and endorsements on letters re¬ 
 ceived, Nov. 1862-May 1863 (ch. II, vol. 330); and endorsements on letters 
 received, June 1863-Dec. 1864 (ch. H, vols. 344 and 346-348). 
 
 Other records relating to local commands include press copies of 
 letters sent by Capt. James M. Goodman, post quartermaster at Salisbury, 
 Mar. 14, 1864-Mar. 7, 1865 (ch. IX, vol. 233); a record of papers concern¬ 
 ing personnel actions at Salisbury, 1864 (ch. VIH, vol. 99); a record of 
 orders for quartermaster stores, June-Aug. 1861 (ch. VIH, vol. 88); and 
 rosters of officers at Fort Johnson, Mar.-May 1863 (ch. I, vol. 110). 
 
 Records in Other Custody .—Wartime records of Maj. Gen. W. H. C. 
 Whiting, including correspondence, military commissions, orders, and a 
 letter book are in the North Carolina Department of Archives and History. 
 Letters and telegrams sent, 1864-65 (1 vol.), are in the Palmer collection 
 of the Western Reserve Historical Society. Records of A. D. Smith, a 
 surgeon in the 62d Georgia Cavalry stationed near Greenville, N.C., in 
 1863, including correspondence, orders, reports, requisitions, and 
 
272 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 discharges, 1863-64 (photostats), are in the North Carolina Department of 
 Archives and History. Three record books of Isaac S. Tanner, chief sur¬ 
 geon of Hoke’s division, are in the Confederate Museum. One of these con¬ 
 tains a report of the division’s killed and wounded at the battle of Plymouth, 
 N. C., Apr. 18-20, 1864 (p. 29-119), and a return of casualties near Kin¬ 
 ston, N.C., Mar. 8-10, 1865 (p. 135-150). The second contains a report 
 of the killed and wounded of the 24th North Carolina Regiment at the battle 
 of Plymouth, Apr. 18-20, 1864; summaries of that regiment’s sick and 
 wounded, Apr. 1, 1862-Mar. 31, 1864; copies of invoices of medicines and 
 hospital stores issued to Surgeon Tanner; a semiannual return of hospital 
 stores and equipment, June 30, 1862-Dec. 31, 1864; and a monthly register 
 of surgical cases, 21st North Carolina Regiment, May 1862-July 1863. The 
 third volume is a correspondence and order book. Sept. 1862-Feb. 1865. 
 Records of Capt. John F. Divine, assistant quartermaster at Fort Macon 
 (Goldsboro, N. C.), in the Confederate Museum include press copies of 
 letters sent, Nov. 22, 1861-Nov. 10, 1864 (1 vol.), and a cashbook contain¬ 
 ing a record of receipts and expenditures, Nov. 16, 1861-Mar. 31, 1865. 
 Letters written by Joseph S. Fowler, Jr., a commissary officer at Kin¬ 
 ston, N. C., are in Duke University Library. Records of Capt. James A. 
 Bryan, an ordnance and quartermaster officer at New Bern and Kinston, in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library 
 include a letters-sent book, Oct. 27, 1861-May 1, 1862; a record of ordnance 
 and ordnance stores received, bought, and shipped, Oct. 26, 1861-Jan. 30, 
 1862 (1 vol.); and a file of letters, reports, orders, bills, requisitions, 
 vouchers, and invoices, 1861-64 (7 in.). Captain Bryan’s record of ord¬ 
 nance and ordnance stores received and issued at New Bern, Aug. 30-Sept. 
 16, 1861 (1 vol.), is in the North Carolina Department of Archives and His¬ 
 tory. Records of Capt. Lewis C. Hanes, quartermaster at Salisbury, in¬ 
 cluding a record of forage received and issued, Sept. 1864-Apr. 1865 
 (1 vol.), papers of Maj. William T. Sutherlin, quartermaster at Danville, 
 Va., during 1862-65, and papers of Matthias M. Marshall, who became 
 attached as a chaplain to General Hospital No. 1 at Kittrell’s Springs, N. C., 
 in 1864, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. Papers of Drury Lacy, who served as a chaplain at the 
 hospital in Wilson in 1863 and at Camp Holmes and General Hospital No. 8 
 in Raleigh in 1864, are in the same repository. 
 
 Army and Department of Northern Virginia 
 
 The Department of Northern Virginia was established on Oct. 22, 
 1861. On that date the Army of the Potomac was merged into the depart¬ 
 ment. At the end of 1861 the Army of the Kanawha also became a part of it. 
 The department included the Aquia District, the Potomac District, and the 
 Valley District. On Apr. 12, 1862, it was enlarged to include the Depart¬ 
 ments of Norfolk and the Peninsula; on June 1, 1862, the armies in eastern 
 Virginia and North Carolina; and on Apr. 2, 1863, the post at Staunton, Va. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Aquia District: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Col. R. Milton Cary (temp.), July 18, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Gustavus W. Smith, Mar. 23, 1862. 
 
 Commander of the Potomac District: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 273 
 
 Successive commanders of the Valley District: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, Nov. 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill (temp.), Sept. 6, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William E. Jones (temp.), Dec. 29, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early (temp.), June 15, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden, July 28, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Lunsford L. Lomax, Mar. 29, 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Army of Northern Virginia: 
 
 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Gustavus W. Smith, May 31, 1862. 
 
 Gen. Robert E. Lee, June 1, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Records of the headquarters include letters and 
 telegrams sent, Jan. 1862-Mar. 1864 (ch. H, vols. 82 1/2, 83, and 84); 
 confidential letters sent, June, 1863-Oct. 1864 (ch. H, vol. 84 1/2); letters, 
 telegrams, and other papers received by Gen. Robert E. Lee, 1862-65 
 (3 in.); a register of letters and telegrams received, 1862-65 (ch. VHI, part 
 of vol. 232, p. 15-93, and part of an index vol.); registers of letters re¬ 
 ceived, Department of Northern Virginia, 1862-64 (ch. EE, vols. 85-87); a 
 record of papers received and referred, 1862-63 (ch. VIE, vols. 355 and 
 356); battle reports, 1863 (ch. EE, vol. 90); general and special orders and 
 circulars issued, 1861-65 (7 in.); special orders issued, Dec. 1861-Sept. 
 1863 (ch. EE, vols. 88 and 89); and accounts for telegrams sent, Apr. 1862- 
 June 1863 (ch. EE, vol. 264). 
 
 Records of subcommands and certain officers include battle reports, 
 statistical reports and returns, and orders and circulars of Lt. Gen. Jubal 
 A. Early’s command, 1861-65 (6 in.); letters sent by the right wing com¬ 
 manded by Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, June-Oct. 1862 (ch. EE, vol. 
 
 232 1/2); the official diary of the 1st Corps commanded by Maj. Gen. Rich¬ 
 ard H. Anderson, May-Oct. 1864 (ch. H, vol. 281); general and special 
 orders and circulars issued by Robert E. Rodes’ and Cullen A. Battle’s 
 brigade, Nov. 1861-Mar. 1865 (ch. H, vol. 66); a miscellaneous record 
 book of Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Munford, Apr. 1862-Sept. 1865 (ch. EE, vol. 
 285 1/2); a letters-sent book of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, Feb. 1861- 
 Aug. 1863 (ch. EE, vol. 282); and letters and orders issued and received by 
 Chief Surg. John T. Gilmore of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws’ division, 
 
 Nov. 1862-Oct. 1864 (ch. VI, vol. 646). Records of Maj. Gen. William H. 
 C. Whiting’s command include letters sent. Mar.-Apr. 1862 (ch. EE, vol. 
 333); letters sent and received. Mar. -July 1862 (ch. EE, vol. 332); a regis¬ 
 ter of letters received and endorsements on letters received, 1861-63 (ch. 
 
 EE, vol. 329); general and special orders issued. Sept. 1861-Feb. 1862 (ch. 
 EE, vol. 340); general orders and circulars, Feb. -July 1862 (ch. EE, vol. 
 
 341); and special orders, Feb. -July 1862 (ch. H, vol. 342). Other records 
 include copies of letters sent by Lt. Col. James L. Corley, the chief 
 quartermaster, July 5-16, 1862 (ch. V, vol. 152, p. 1-5); a record of quar¬ 
 termaster stores issued and condemned. Sept. 1, 1862-Oct. 30, 1863 (ch. 
 
 V, vols. 198 and 204); and an undated roster of officers of local defense 
 troops and artillery battalions (ch. I, vol. 100). Records of topographers 
 under the supervision of Capt. Albert H. Campbell include memoranda, a 
 receipt book, circulars, instructions, and letters, 1862-64 (2 notebooks), 
 of Lt. Benjamin L. Blackford; a sketchbook of F. Boylan, July 1863, and 
 C. B. Denson, July-Aug. 1863, and sketchbooks and cashbooks, 1862-64, 
 of William R. Martin. 
 
274 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Robert A. Brock, ed,, Paroles 
 of the Army of Northern Virginia 
 (Southern Historical Society Papers, 
 15, 1887; reprinted. New York, 
 1962); C.S. A. Army, Department 
 of Northern Virginia, Reports of the 
 Operations of the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, from June 1862, to and 
 
 Including the Battle at Fredericks¬ 
 burg, Dec. 13, 1862 (2vols.; Rich¬ 
 mond, 1864); Clifford Dowdey and 
 Louis H. Manarin, eds.. The War¬ 
 time Papers of R. E. Lee (Boston, 
 1961); Douglas S, Freeman, ed., 
 Lee^s Dispatches; Unpublished Let¬ 
 ters of General Robert E. Lee, 
 
 C. S. A., to Jefferson Davis and the 
 
 War Department of the Confederate 
 States of America, 1862-65 (New York, 
 1915; reprinted with 10 additional dis¬ 
 patches, Grady McWhiney, ed., New 
 York, 1957); John W. Jones, ed., 
 
 Life and Letters of Robert Edward 
 
 Lee, Soldier and Man (New York ^d 
 
 Washington, 1906), ’’Roster of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia, ” Army 
 of Northern Virginia, Memorial Vol ¬ 
 
 ume, p. 334-342 (Richmond, 1880); 
 Robert E. Lee, Jr., Recollections 
 and Letters of Gener^ Robert E . 
 
 Lee (New York, 1904). Correspond¬ 
 ence, reports, and orders of General 
 Lee are in the Official Records . . . 
 Armies. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Official correspondence, telegrams, or¬ 
 ders, and reports, including some transcripts that were obtained by Gen¬ 
 eral Lee after the war, are in the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 In the Society’s map collection are maps prepared under the direction of 
 Capt. A. H. Campbell (see the section on the Engineer Bureau). In 1964 
 the Society received other official records of General Lee and letters writ¬ 
 ten by him to members of his family. Some of this material relates to the 
 Army of the Kanawha and the Army of the Northwest. The R. E. Lee pa¬ 
 pers, 1830-70, in the Washington and Lee University Library number 5,000 
 items. The Lee papers in the Virginia State Library, Archives Division, 
 consist largely of photocopies obtained by the Virginia Civil War Centenni¬ 
 al Commission for use in the compilation by Dowdey and Manarin cited 
 above. For the war years more than 6,000 items of correspondence were 
 found, and one-sixth of these were published. Telegrams from General 
 Lee to the President and the War Department and military and family corre¬ 
 spondence are in Duke University Library. Other Lee papers are in the 
 Library of Congress, the Chicago Historical Society, the Confederate 
 Museum, the Henry E. Huntington Library, the Maryland Historical Soci¬ 
 ety, the Missouri Historical Society, the University of North Carolina Li¬ 
 brary, the North Carolina Department of Archives and History, the New 
 York Public Library, the New-York Historical Society, the University of 
 Texas Library, and the Palmer collection of the Western Reserve Histori¬ 
 cal Society. Other records of the Army of Northern Virginia are in the 
 Louisiana Historical Association deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial 
 Library, Tulane University. 
 
 George L. Christian, "Gen¬ 
 eral Lee's Headquarters Records 
 and Papers--The Present Location 
 
 of Some of These, " Southern Histor 
 ical Society Papers , 44:229-231 
 (June 1923). 
 
 Correspondence, telegrams, orders, reports on ordnance, journals, 
 and diaries of Brig. Gen. E. Porter Alexander, chief of ordnance of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia and chief of artillery of Longstreet's corps, are 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. A few other papers of his are in the Library of Congress. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 275 
 
 Special and general orders issued by Brig, Gen. Joseph R. Anderson, Apr. 
 26-May 28, 1862, to the ’’Army of the Rappahannock” are in the Virginia 
 Historical Society collections. Correspondence of Brig. Gen. Henry L. 
 Benning, colonel of the 17th Georgia Infantry and later a brigade comman¬ 
 der, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. A small quantity of wartime letters of Brig. Gen. Rob¬ 
 ert H. Chilton, chief of staff and inspector general, are in the Confederate 
 Museum. Papers of Brig. Gen. James Conner, commander of the 22d 
 North Carolina Infantry and of a brigade in Kershaw’s division, are in the 
 South Carolina Historical Society. Correspondence, telegrams, orders, 
 and battle reports of Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, division commander, are in 
 the Library of Congress. Other papers of General Early are in the Henry 
 E. Huntington Library, the University of Virginia Library, the U. S. Mili¬ 
 tary Academy Library, and the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 Official and personal correspondence of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, com¬ 
 mander of the 2d Corps, is in the Library of Congress (microfilm with 
 the Virginia Historical Society). Other Ewell papers are in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library, the Ten¬ 
 nessee State Library and Archives, and the William and Mary College Li¬ 
 brary. Papers of Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett, who served under Gen¬ 
 erals Jackson and Longstreet, are in the Archives Division, Virginia State 
 Library. Papers of Brig. Gen. Martin W. Gary, commander of the Hamp¬ 
 ton legion and after 1864 of a brigade, are in the South Caroliniana Library of 
 the University of South Carolina. Papers of Brig, Gen. James B. Gordon, 
 commander of a brigade in Hampton’s division, in the North Carolina De¬ 
 partment of Archives and History include correspondence, commissions, 
 and special orders, 1861-64. The same repository has papers of Maj. Gen. 
 Bryan Grimes, commander of a brigade in Rodes’ division, and other papers 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. Papers of Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton, commander of the 
 Hampton legion and later of a brigade in Stuart’s cavalry corps and of the 
 corps itself, are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South 
 Carolina and in the Valentine Museum, Richmond, Va. In Apr. 1865 at 
 Petersburg a Union captain found a letter book, June 6, 1862-June 1, 1863, 
 of the light division commanded by Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill; it is now 
 in the New York Public Library. A register of Brig. Gen. John D. Imbo- 
 den’s command is in the University of Virginia Library (J. B. Christian 
 papers). A variety of military records of Lt. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, 
 commander of the 2d Corps, are in Duke University Library, the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library, the Virginia Historical Society collections, 
 the Virginia Military Institute, and the Virginia State Library, Archives 
 Division. In the Jedediah Hotchkiss papers in the Library of Congress are 
 outgoing letters, 1861-63, and abstracts of Jackson’s orders. Correspond¬ 
 ence of Brig. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, commander of Maryland infantry, 
 is in Duke University Library. Papers of Brig. Gen, Joseph B. Kershaw, 
 a brigade and division commander of the 1st Corps, are in the South Caro¬ 
 liniana Library of the University of South Carolina. Papers of Maj. Gen. 
 William Mahone, a brigade and division commander, are in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library. Records of Brig. Gen. William N. Pendleton, chief of ar¬ 
 tillery, in the Confederate Museum include a letters-sent book, June 5, 
 1862-Apr. 1, 1865, and general and special orders and circulars issued by 
 the artillery corps, June 17, 1862-Apr. 2, 1865 (1 vol.). Pendleton’s pa¬ 
 pers in Duke University Library include correspondence, telegrams. 
 
276 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 commissions, orders, lists of ordnance, lists of quartermaster supplies, 
 contracts for supplies, and officers’ reports. His papers in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library include 
 military communications, orders, requisitions, statistical abstracts, and 
 muster rolls of artillery. A few letters sent, 1862-63, are in the Virginia 
 State Library, Archives Division. Correspondence and other documents 
 of Maj. Gen. S. Dodson Ramseur, commander of the 49th North Carolina 
 Infantry and later of a division, are in the North Carolina Department of 
 Archives and History and the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. Correspondence of Maj. Gen. Thomas L. 
 Rosser, commander of the 5th Virginia Cavalry and later of a brigade, is 
 in the University of Virginia Library. Papers of Brig. Gen. George H. 
 Steuart, commander of a brigade in Johnson’s division, in the Confederate 
 Museum include letters, orders, reports, and invoices of commissary 
 supplies, Jan.-Dec. 1863. Other papers of General Steuart are in Duke 
 University Library. Lt. Gen. James E. B. Stuart’s papers in the Henry 
 E. Huntington Library include letters (more than 100 from R. E. Lee), or¬ 
 ders, and addresses to his soldiers. In 1961 the Virginia Historical Society 
 bought from the State Historical Society of Wisconsin some Stuart papers 
 including a letters-sent book, Oct. 24, 1862-May 2, 1864, a fieldbook con¬ 
 taining copies of battle reports, July 21, 1861-Apr. 25, 1863, and some 
 letters and orders received. Other Stuart papers are in the Chicago His¬ 
 torical Society collections and in the Duke University Library. Papers of 
 Maj. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble are in the Maryland Historical Society. Cor¬ 
 respondence, orders, and battle reports, 1862-65, of Maj. Gen. Cadmus 
 M. Wilcox are in the Library of Congress. 
 
 Records of some quartermaster officers are available. A cashbook 
 of Maj. Alfred M. Barbour, a chief quartermaster. Sept. 19, 1861-Sept. 
 
 19, 1862, is in the Library of Congress. Extracts of letters, Feb. 2-May 
 27, 1862, written by Maj. John A. Harman to Col. A. W. Harman, post 
 commander at Staunton, are with the Jedediah Hotchkiss papers in the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress. Major Harman was chief quartermaster of the 2d Corps 
 commanded by General Jackson. Quartermaster records, Apr. -Sept. 1864, 
 of 2d Corps Headquarters accumulated by Capt. Marshall Lake are in the 
 Library of Congress. Capt. David Meade, quartermaster of the 11th Vir¬ 
 ginia Infantry, July-Dee. 1862, and of the supply train of Pickett’s division, 
 Dec. 1862-Dec. 1864, kept a record book, July 16, 1862-Dec. 31, 1864, now 
 in the Confederate Museum. Records, Jan. 1862-Mar. 1863, of Capt. Wil¬ 
 liam Miller, quartermaster of the 7th Virginia Cavalry in the Valley Dis¬ 
 trict, are in Duke University Library (Thomas J. Jackson papers). Quar¬ 
 termaster records, 1862-65 (50 items), of Capt. George G. Thompson are 
 in the Library of Congress. Bills of lading for articles transported over 
 the Orange & Alexandria Railroad and received by Captain Thompson at 
 Orange Courthouse, Mar. 1-18, 1863, and shipped from there, Dec. 9, 
 1863-Feb. 7, 1864, are in the Texas Archives, University of Texas Library. 
 A letters-sent book of Capt. Charles E. Carr, assistant quartermaster at 
 Norfolk, Va., June 30, 1861-May 7, 1862, is with the New-York Historical 
 Society collections. Other quartermaster records, relating mainly to Vir¬ 
 ginia, 1861-65, are in the Confederate Museum. 
 
 Papers, Jan. 1862-Mar. 1864, of Maj. Wells J. Hawks, chief com¬ 
 missary in the Army of the Valley District, are in Duke University Library 
 (Thomas J. Jackson papers). Records of Capt. John J. Halsey, assistant 
 commissary of the 6th Virginia Cavalry, Dec. 1861-Mar. 1863, are in Duke 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 277 
 
 University Library. 
 
 Records of several engineer officers are available. Papers of Capt. 
 James K. Boswell, chief engineer with the 2d Corps, including letters 
 sent, 1862-63, and a diary, Jan. 1-Apr. 18, 1863, are in the Library of 
 Congress (Jedediah Hotchkiss papers). Correspondence, orders, circulars, 
 requisitions, supply lists, and other documents, of Capt. Hugh T. Douglas, 
 1st Engineer Troops (Pontoniers), Nov. 6, 1861-Aug. 11, 1864, are in the 
 University of Virginia Library. An engineering journal (1861-65; micro¬ 
 film) of Samuel S. Cause, who planned the fortifications at Aquia Creek on 
 the Potomac River, is in the Tennessee State Library and Archives. Cor¬ 
 respondence and diaries of Peter Guerrant are in the same repository. 
 Correspondence and other documents of Lt. Col. Samuel R. Johnston are 
 with the Virginia Historical Society collections. Correspondence, orders, 
 accounts, agreements, muster rolls, payrolls, reports, drawings, and 
 maps of Capt. Charles T. Mason concerning military works at Drewry’s 
 Bluff are in the same collections, as are also the papers of Col. T. M. R. 
 Talcott, an aide and engineer under General Lee. 
 
 Several collections of papers of surgeons who served with the Army of 
 Northern Virginia have been preserved. A record of military and civilian 
 patients treated by Surg. James Bolton in Richmond, Oct. 1862-Nov. 1863, 
 is in the Virginia State Library, Archives Division. A diary of Surg. 
 
 James R. Boulware of the 6th South Carolina Volunteers, Apr. 17, 1862- 
 May 10, 1863, in the same repository contains extensive casualty lists. 
 Papers of Blair Burwell, who was attached to Gen. George E. Pickett's 
 division, are in the William and Mary College Library. Papers of James 
 W. Claiborne, surgeon with the 12th Virginia Infantry, are in the Virginia 
 Historical Society collections. Correspondence, 1861-65, and a diary. 
 
 Sept. 13, 1863-Feb. 5, 1865, of John F. Shaffner, surgeon with the 4th and 
 later the 33d North Carolina Infantry, are in the North Carolina Department 
 of Archives and History. Letters, 1861-62, of John Q. Winfield are in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Several collections of chaplains’ papers are available. Papers of 
 Robert L. Dabney, chaplain of the 18th Virginia Infantry, are in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library, the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library, the Union Theological 
 Seminary Library, and the University of Virginia Library. A diary of 
 Francis M. Kennedy, chronicling his activities as a chaplain with the 28th 
 North Carolina Infantry, 1863-64, is in the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the University of North Carolina Library. A few letters, 1861-62, of 
 Robert W. Watts are in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Joseph T. Durkin, ed., Con- 14th Louisiana, C. S. A. (Milwaukee, 
 federate Chaplain; a War Journal of I960). 
 
 Rev. James B. Sheeran, C.S. S. R. , 
 
 In 1948 the Library of Congress acquired the papers and maps of 
 Jedediah Hotchkiss, topographical engineer of the 2d Corps, Army of North¬ 
 ern Virginia. The papers include official and private correspondence, or¬ 
 ders, and diaries relating to the military campaigns that he took part in. 
 
 The nearly 200 military maps were prepared by Major Hotchkiss or other 
 officers under his direction for the use of Generals Jackson and Lee. The 
 maps relate to campaigns of the 2d Corps and the Army of Northern Vir¬ 
 ginia in Virginia and Maryland and to the West Virginia campaign of July 
 
278 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 1861. In 1963 the Library of Congress acquired Hotchkiss’ 1862 map of the 
 Shenandoah Valley which had been retained by the Handley Library in 
 Winchester, Va., where the Hotchkiss collection had previously been kept. 
 The Handley Library now has three wartime Hotchkiss maps, and five 
 others are in the University of Virginia Library which has another collec¬ 
 tion of Hotchkiss papers including some wartime material (microfilm in 
 the Library of Congress). 
 
 Clara Egli LeGear, "The 
 Hotchkiss Map Collection, ” Library 
 of Congress Quarterly Journal , 6: 
 16-20 (Nov. 1948); Everard K. 
 
 Meade, ’’Maps and Other Papers of 
 Major Jedediah Hotchkiss, C.S. A.,” 
 in Clarke County Historical Asso¬ 
 ciation, Proceedings, 8:56-65 
 (1948); U.S. Library of Congress, 
 Map Division, The Hotchkiss Map 
 Collection; a List of Manuscript Maps , 
 Many of the Civil War Period, Pre ¬ 
 pared by Major Jed. Hotchkiss, and 
 
 Other Manuscript and Annotated Maps 
 in His Possession , comp, by Clara 
 Egli LeGear (Washington, 1951); 
 Willard Webb, ’The Hotchkiss Pa¬ 
 pers; an Additional Note, ” Library 
 of Congress Quarterly Journal , 7: 
 23-24 (Nov. 1949), Mrs. LeGear's 
 1951 list indicates the Hotchkiss maps 
 that are published in U. S. War De¬ 
 partment, Atlas to Accompany the 
 Official Records of the Union and 
 Confederate Armies (3 vols.; Wash¬ 
 
 ington, 1891-95). 
 
 Papers of line officers who served with the Army of Northern Vir¬ 
 ginia are in various repositories. Papers of Col. Stapleton Crutchfield, 
 1862-65, in Princeton University Library, relate to the artillery of the 2d 
 Corps. Correspondence, reports, and orders of Col. John S. Mosby, com¬ 
 mander of the Partisan Rangers, June 1861-Apr. 1865 (photostats), are in 
 the Library of Congress. Other wartime papers of Colonel Mosby are in 
 Duke University Library, the Archives Division of the Virginia State Li¬ 
 brary, and the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Papers of other officers who served in the Army of Northern Virgin¬ 
 ia in different capacities are available. Papers of Lt. Col. William Allan, 
 chief ordnance officer in the 2d Corps, are in the Southern Historical Col¬ 
 lection in the University of North Carolina Library. Correspondence of 
 Capt. Robert A. Bright, who was attached to Pickett’s division, is in the 
 William and Mary CoUege Library which also has letters of Maj. Campbell 
 Brown, assistant adjutant general on General Ewell’s staff. Correspondence 
 of Capt. Holmes Conrad, an adjutant with the Uth Virginia Infantry, post 
 commissary at Winchester and Woodstock, and a staff officer with Gen. 
 
 John D. Imboden and Thomas L. Rosser, is in the Virginia Historical So¬ 
 ciety collections. Correspondence and diaries of Capt. John E. Cooke, 
 who served under Generals Stuart and Pendleton, are in the University of 
 Virginia Library, and other papers of Cooke are in Duke University Li¬ 
 brary. Papers of Capt. Francis W. Dawson, an ordnance officer, are in 
 Duke University Library. Letters of Maj. Henry K. Douglas, a staff offi¬ 
 cer under Gens. T. J. Jackson, Elisha F. Paxton, Edward Johnson, and 
 Jubal A. Early, are in the University of Virginia Library. Other papers 
 of Douglas are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of 
 North Carolina Library. Papers of Capt. James M. Garnett, an ordnance 
 officer, are in the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library and the 
 University of Virginia Library. A miscellaneous record book of Maj. Wal¬ 
 ter Harrison, adjutant general and inspector general under Maj. Gen. 
 
 George E. Pickett, Jan. 10, 1863-Feb. 1865, in the Southern Historical 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 279 
 
 Collection in the University of North Carolina Library contains in addition 
 to copies of inspection reports, a list of staff officers of the division, a 
 statistical report on field transportation available, a record of clothing 
 issued, and estimates of clothing and shoes needed for the division. A few 
 papers of Capt. Richard B. Kennon, who served as a staff officer with Gen¬ 
 erals Stuart and Rosser, are in the Archives Division of the Virginia State 
 Library. Some correspondence and reports of Maj. Henry B. McClellan, 
 assistant adjutant general to Generals Stuart and Hampton, are in the Vir¬ 
 ginia Historical Society collections. A diary of Capt. W. W. Old, June 
 13-Aug. 12, 1864, relating to General Early’s campaigns in Virginia and 
 Maryland is with the Early papers in the Library of Congress. Correspond¬ 
 ence of Col. John M. Patton, Jr., concerning his service with the 21st 
 Virginia Infantry is in the Virginia Historical Society collections. Letters 
 of Capt. Dudley D. Pendleton written while he was acting adjutant general 
 under his uncle. Brig. Gen. W. N. Pendleton, during 1862-64 are in Duke 
 University Library. Some papers of Lt. Col. William D. Simpson, inspec¬ 
 tor general under Brig. Gen. M. L. Bonham, are in the South Caroliniana 
 Library of the University of South Carolina. A ’’business diary” of Capt. 
 Edwin Taliaferro, Jan. 1-May 4, 1863, while he was an ordnance officer 
 with Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, is in the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the University of North Carolina Library which also has papers of Lt. 
 
 Col. Charles S. Venable, assistant adjutant general to General Lee. Other 
 Venable papers are in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Li¬ 
 brary. Papers of Maj. Andrew R. Venable, who served in the cavalry 
 corps, are among the Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 Edmund C. Burnett, ed., 
 ’’Letters of a Confederate Surgeon: 
 
 Dr. Abner Embry McGarity, 1862- 
 1865, ” Georgia Historical ^arterly, 
 29:76-114, 159-^190, 222-253 (June, 
 Sept., Dec. 1945), 30:35-70 (Mar. 
 1946); C. G. Chamberlayne, ed., 
 
 Ham Chamberlayne—Virginian; 
 
 Letters and Papers of an Artillery 
 Officer in the War for Southern In¬ 
 dependence, 1861-1865 (Richmond, 
 1932); Jay B. Hubbell, ed., ’’The 
 War Diary of John Esten Cooke, ” 
 Journal of Southern History , 7:526- 
 540 (Nov. 1941); Frederick Maurice, 
 ed.. An Aide-de-Camp of Lee; Be ¬ 
 ing the Papers of Colonel Charles 
 M^shall (Boston, 1927); Mary C. 
 
 Army and Department of the Peninsula 
 
 Moffett, ed., Letters of General 
 James Conner, C.S. A. (Columbia, 
 S.C., 1933); WUliam S. Myers, ed., 
 ’’The Civil War Diary of General 
 Isaac Ridgeway Trimble, ” Maryland 
 Historical Magazine. 17:1-20 (Mar. 
 1922); Caroline L. Shaffner, ed., 
 
 Diary of Dr. J. F. Shaffner, Sr., 
 Commencing September 13, 1863, 
 
 Ending February 5, 1865 (Winston- 
 Salem, 1936); Harold B. Simpson, ed., 
 Touched With Valor: Civil War Papers 
 and Casualty Reports of Hood’s Texas 
 Brigade; Written and Collected by 
 General Jerome B. Robertson (Hills¬ 
 boro, Tex., 1964); Spencer G. Welch, 
 A Confederate Surgeon’s Letters to 
 His Wife (New York & Washington, 1911). 
 
 The Department of the Peninsula was established on May 21, 1861, 
 embracing at first the troops and military operations on the line to Hamp¬ 
 ton, Va. It was extended on June 14 to include the troops at Gloucester 
 Point, Va., on June 28 the military positions at West Point and Jamestown 
 Island, Va., and on Aug. 26 the counties of Gloucester, Mathews, and 
 Middlesex. In Apr. 1862 the department became the right wing of the Army 
 
280 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 of Northern Virginia. 
 
 Successive commanders: 
 
 Col. John B. Magruder, May 21, 1861. 
 
 Col. Daniel H. Hill (acting), May 31, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 109 . —Letters and telegrams sent. May 1861- May 1862 (ch. 
 n, vols. 67, 69, 227, and 228); memoranda, orders, and letters sent by 
 Capt. Andrew G. Dickinson, the assistant inspector general, Feb.-Apr. 
 
 1862 (ch. n, vol. 231); general orders. May 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 
 
 229); special orders, Feb.-Apr. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 68); and letters sent by 
 Col. Robert Johnston, commanding the cavalry, July 1861-Apr. 1862 (ch. 
 n, vol. 275). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Other records in the Confederate Museum 
 include a letters-sent book of Col. Robert Johnston, July 12, 1861-Sept. 7, 
 1862 (1 vol., p. 335-454); an index to letters received, June 21, 1861-Apr. 
 
 27, 1862 (p. 323-328 of the letters-sent book); an orders-received book of 
 the 1st Division, Oct. 18-Dec. 22, 1861 (1 vol.); letters and orders received 
 by Col. John B. Cary, May 16-Aug. 3, 1861 (1 vol.); and letters received 
 by Asst. Quartermaster Colin D. Clarke, Aug. 1861-Mar. 1862. 
 
 Army of Pensacola 
 
 The Army of Pensacola was organized within the Department of Ala¬ 
 bama and West Florida on Oct. 29, 1861. Composed of the troops at and 
 around Pensacola, it was discontinued in Mar. 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders: 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, Oct. 29, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Adley H. Gladden (temp.), Dec. 22, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel Jones, Jan. 27, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. —General and special orders issued. Mar. 11, 1861- 
 Jan. 27, 1862, and Mar. 3-9, 1862 (1 1/3 in.), including orders issued by 
 the headquarters of the Confederate troops near Pensacola, Mar. 11-Oct. 
 
 22, 1861, and by the Army of Pensacola, Oct. 1861-Mar. 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Letters sent by Gen. Braxton Bragg, 
 
 Mar. 10, 1861-Jan. 21, 1862, and orders, letters, and other papers of the 
 Medical Department relating to hospitals, Apr. 1861-Feb. 1862, are among 
 the Bragg papers in the Western Reserve Historical Society collections. 
 
 Army of the Potomac 
 
 Organized on June 20, 1861, the Army of the Potomac became part of 
 the Army and Department of Northern Virginia on Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Successive commanders: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, June 20, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, July 20, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 109. —Orders and circulars issued, June 2, 1861-Mar. 
 
 2, 1862 (1 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A soldiers’ discharge book of the 1st 
 Corps, Aug. 12-Oct. 14, 1861, is in the Manuscript Division of the Library 
 of Congress. Papers of Brig. Gen. Philip St. G. Cocke, commander of 
 the 5th Brigade in 1861, are in the University of Virginia Library. Papers 
 of Brig. Gen. Milledge L. Bonham, commander of the 1st Brigade of the 
 1st Corps, are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South 
 Carolina. Correspondence of Maj. William L. Cabell, chief quartermaster. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 281 
 
 1861, is in the Confederate Museum. Other quartermaster records are in 
 the W, P. Palmer collection of the Western Reserve Historical Society. 
 
 Department of Richmond 
 
 On Apr. 1, 1863, that part of the Department of North Carolina and 
 Southern Virginia embracing the defenses of Richmond north of the James 
 River was constituted the Department of Richmond. It was extended on 
 Apr. 23, 1863, to include Drewry’s Bluff on the James River below Rich¬ 
 mond and Manchester south of the river. In May 1864 the Department of 
 Henrico was merged with the Department of Richmond. 
 
 Several prisons were maintained by the department. Castle Thunder, 
 also referred to in the records as Eastern District Military Prison, East¬ 
 ern District Station, and the Provost Marshal’s Prison, was a 3 l/2-story 
 tobacco warehouse used for political prisoners (disloyal citizens of west¬ 
 ern Virginia), captured U.S. citizens, foreigners, deserters, Confederate 
 soldiers undergoing punishment, court-martial prisoners, persons sus¬ 
 pected of spying, and captured Negroes. Castle Lightning, another ware¬ 
 house across the street, was used for the imprisonment of Confederate 
 soldiers who had violated military and civil laws. Castle Godwin, in an 
 alley behind Franklin Street, was used for the confinement of political pris¬ 
 oners and other civilian prisoners. During 1863-65 Army officers were 
 appointed as commissioners to examine these prisoners and report on the 
 circumstances of their detention. Officers who performed this duty in¬ 
 cluded Maj. Isaac H. Carrington in 1863, Capt. D. W. Vowles and Maj. 
 
 John D. Munford in 1864, and Capt. J. H. Sands in 1864-65. 
 
 Successive commanders of this Department: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Arnold Elzey, Apr. 1, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom, Jr., Apr. 25, 1864. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, June 13, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109.— Letters received, 1862-65 (5 in.); telegrams 
 received, 1862-64 (1 in.); general and special orders and circulars re¬ 
 ceived, 1862-65 (mostly 1863; 3/4 in.); applications for forage. Mar. 1863- 
 Mar. 1864 (1/2 in.); and inspection reports relating to military organiza¬ 
 tions and installations in and around Richmond and at Danville, 1863-64 
 (1/2 in.). The letters received and the telegrams are entered in a register 
 (ch. n, vol. 236), for which there are alphabetical name indexes. A re¬ 
 cord of endorsements on letters received, Jan. 27-July 28, 1864 (ch. DC 
 vols. 184 1/2 and 187), concerns applications for leaves of absence, fur¬ 
 loughs, transfers, and requests to appear before examining boards. There 
 is also a record of persons hired and buildings and land rented, Oct. 1, 1864- 
 Mar. 1, 1865 (ch. V. vol. 248). 
 
 Records of the Provost Marshal’s Office include special orders sent 
 and received, Apr. 30-July 4 and July 16-Aug. 23, 1864 (ch. DC, vol. 250). 
 
 A register of arrests of military personnel and civilians, Oct. 9, 1862-Mar. 
 25, 1863 (ch. DC, vol. 244), also includes names of foreigners arrested, 
 Feb. 24, 1862-Dec. 16, 1863. For persons confined in Castle Thunder and 
 Castle Lightning there is a register of arrests, Feb. 25, 1863-June 14, 1864 
 (ch. DC, vol. 100). Reports by Maj. Isaac H. Carrington on prisoners ex¬ 
 amined in Richmond, July-Dee. 1863 (1 in.), present the grounds for arrest 
 and recommendations for disposition and are accompanied by related doc¬ 
 uments. A docket on prisoners examined by Captains Vowles and Sands, 
 Mar. 16, 1864-Apr. 1, 1865 (ch. IX, vol. 229), has an alphabetical index. 
 
282 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 The records of the Department of Richmond also include provost marshal 
 passes, requests for passes, and citizens’ passes, 1861-65 (3 ft.). Statis¬ 
 tical reports relating to passports. Mar. 12, 1864-Mar. 25, 1865 (ch. DC, 
 vol. 130, and unbound reports, 2 in.), show the number of passports re¬ 
 ceived, issued, marked, and on hand. Registers of passports issued to 
 military personnel and civilians, 1862-65 (ch. IX, vols. 101-109, 111-129, 
 131-137 1/2, 139-151 1/2, 152-173, 173 1/2, 174, 174 1/2-181 1/2, 182, 183, 
 
 183 1/2, and 258, 6 ft.), show date, name of person, destination, and pur¬ 
 pose of travel. Separate registers were kept for passes issued for use in 
 Richmond for certain groups of persons and for the different routes that 
 were used in leaving Richmond, such as the Danville Railroad, Fredericks¬ 
 burg Railroad, Petersburg Railroad, Petersburg road, packet, turnpike, 
 Virginia Central Railroad, and York River Railroad. There is a record 
 of orders for the denial of passports and the arrest of applicants, June- 
 Nov. 1864 (ch. DC, vol. 110). A record of arrivals of visitors at Richmond, 
 Aug. 24, 1862-Mar. 3, 1863 (ch. DC, vol. 186), shows the name, place of 
 residence, hotel, and date of arrival. 
 
 Record Group 249 . - -A record of employees in the office of the de¬ 
 partmental commander, 1863-64 (misc. records, vol. 54, p. 27-65), and 
 morning reports of prisoners in Castle Thunder Prison, Nov. 1, 1863-June 
 
 8, 1864 (nos. 819-874 in the miscellaneous rolls and related records of 
 Federal and Confederate prisoners of war, 1861-65). 
 
 Other records concerning of War and Office of the Commissary 
 
 political prisoners are described General of Prisoners, 
 above under Office of the Secretary 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --In the New-York Historical Society col¬ 
 lections is a letters-sent book of Maj. Seth B. French, Sept. 12, 1862-May 
 
 9, 1863, containing copies of his letters while chief commissary of the De¬ 
 partment of Richmond. An order book, Jan. 2, 1864-Feb. 10, 1865, relat¬ 
 ing to the artillery defenses of Richmond, is in the Chicago Historical So¬ 
 ciety collections. The Louisiana State University Department of Archives 
 has a list of officers and other employees of the Provost Marshal's Office, 
 Apr. 5, 1864. Papers of Maj. Isaac H. Carrington in Duke University Li¬ 
 brary contain documents relating to his duties as provost marshal in Rich¬ 
 mond. 
 
 Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida 
 
 This department was established on Nov. 5, 1861, to consist of the 
 coastal areas of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. It was extended in 
 Apr. 1862 to include eastern and middle Florida as far west as the Chocta- 
 whatchee River, in October all of South Carolina and Georgia and that part 
 of Florida east of the Apalachicola River, and in November the Districts of 
 East and Middle Florida. In Nov. 1861 the department was divided into the 
 First, Second, and Third Military Districts. In May 1862 the District of 
 Georgia was established and in Oct. 1864 the District of South Carolina. 
 The Districts of Middle and East Florida were consolidated in Feb. 1864 
 into the District of Florida. In Nov. 1864 the departmental limits were 
 changed to include only that part of Georgia south of the Chattahoochee 
 River; a further modification of the boundary in Georgia was made in Jan. 
 1865. The headquarters of the department was at Charleston. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 283 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of Middle and East Flor¬ 
 ida: 
 
 Brig. Gen. John B. Grayson, Aug. 21, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. James H. Trapier, Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Col. William S. Dilworth (acting). Mar. 19, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Joseph Finegan, Apr. 8, 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders of the District of Florida: 
 
 Maj. Gen. James P. Anderson, Mar. 4, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson, Aug. 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William Miller, Sept. 29, 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones, Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, 
 and Florida: 
 
 Gen. Robert E. Lee, Nov. 5, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John C. Pemberton, Mar. 3, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, Aug. 29, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones, Apr. 20, 1864. 
 
 Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee, Sept. 28, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -A report of a board of Army officers that inves¬ 
 tigated the bursting of a Blakely rifled gun in Charleston in Sept. 1863 is in 
 the Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library, 
 subject file BG. A roll of slaves employed by the engineer office at 
 Charleston, Aug. 1862-Sept. 1864 (1 vol.), is in the same record group. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books, Nov. 1861-Apr. 1864 (ch. 
 n, vols. 22, 28, 31, 32, 183-185, and 3 index vols.); letters sent and re¬ 
 ceived by Gen. J. C. Pemberton, Mar.-Sept. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 21); copies 
 of letters sent, Jan. 1863-Nov. 1864 (1 ft. 2 in.); endorsements on letters 
 received, Nov. 1861-May 1862 (ch. EE, part of vol. 185); letters received, 
 
 Oct. 1862-Nov. 1864 (3 1/2 ft.); registers of letters received, Oct. 1862- 
 Nov. 1864 (ch. n, vols. 19, 20, 33, 34, and 2 index vols., 1ft.); endorse¬ 
 ments on letters received, Nov. 1862-Feb. 1864 (ch. H, vols. 23-27, 29, 
 
 30, 36, and 187; ch. Vm, vols. 351, 352, and 1 index vol., 2 ft.); telegrams 
 sent. Sept. 1862-July 1864 (ch. H, vols. 45, 48, and 50); letters, telegrams, 
 and orders issued and received. Mar. 1864 (ch. H, vol. 195); general and 
 special orders issued, Nov. 1861-Sept. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 42 and 1 index 
 vol.); general orders issued, July 1862-Jan. 1864 (ch. H, vols. 41 and 43); 
 special orders and circulars issued, Sept. 1862-Dec. 1863 (ch. H, vol. 40 
 and 1 index vol.); orders and circulars issued, Sept. 1863-Mar. 1864 (ch. 
 n, vol. 150 1/2); printed general court-martial orders, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 
 182); orders and circulars issued by departmental headquarters and sub¬ 
 commands, 1861-65 (1 1/2 ft.); general and special orders issued by sub¬ 
 commands, 1863-65 (ch. n, vol. 258 1/2); reports of operations, events, 
 strength, ordnance stores, field transportation, enemy movements, and 
 other matters, 1863-64 (6 in.); copies of letters, telegrams, and reports, 
 1861-62 (3 in., from originals in the custody of the Southern Historical So¬ 
 ciety); inspection reports on military units and stations, 1863-65 (8 in.); 
 rolls of extra-duty men and lists and reports of persons and articles hired, 
 Feb. 1863-Feb. 1864 (6 in.); a record of discharges, 1861-63 (ch. H, vol. 
 190); a record of resignations, 1862-64 (ch. H, vol. 191); company provision 
 returns, 1861 (3 in.); undated receipts for general orders (2 1/2 in.); letters 
 and telegrams sent and endorsements on letters received by the Engineer 
 Office, 1863-64 (ch. HI, vol. 9); press copies of letters sent by Maj. Wil¬ 
 liam H. Echols, chief engineer, July 1863-Feb. 1864 (ch. HI, vols. 14, 17, 
 
284 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 and 19); letters sent by the Signal Office, Aug. 13, 1862-Feb. 7, 1863, and 
 May 5, 1863-Feb. 8, 1865 (ch. VIII, vol. 30); a register of letters received 
 by the Signal Office, 1862-65 (ch. Vm, vol. 28); special orders of the Sig¬ 
 nal Office, 1863-65 (ch. VIH, vol. 33); property accounts and oaths of en¬ 
 listed men of the Signal Office, 1862-64 (ch. Vni, vol. 32 1/2); and an un¬ 
 dated report of a board of artillery officers on the proper charges for heavy 
 guns and the service of artillery (ch. IV, vol. 129). 
 
 Records of subdivisions of the department include telegrams received, 
 1st Military District, Apr. 7-July 29, 1863 (ch. n, vols. 47 and 189); tele¬ 
 grams sent and received, 1st Military District, Sept. 5, 1864-Feb. 15, 1865 
 (ch. n, vol. 45 1/2); orders and circulars, 1st Military District, 1862-63 
 (ch. n, vol. 37); special orders, 2d Military District, 1862 (ch. II, vol. 
 
 44); letters sent. District of Florida, Mar. 1864-May 1865 (ch. 11, vols. 
 
 11/2 and 283); endorsements on communications received, 1864-65 (ch. 11, 
 vols. 1 1/4, 188, and 283 1/2); special orders. District of Florida, 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 193); special orders. District of East Florida, 1862-64 (ch. 
 n, vol. 1); letters sent. District of South Carolina, Nov. 23-Dec. 20, 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 176); special orders, 2d and 3d subdistricts. District of South 
 Carolina, 1865 (ch. n, vol. 49); and copies of general and special orders 
 issued by Col. T. W. Brevard, commanding at Camp Finegan, Fla., Dec. 
 20, 1862-Sept. 30, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 38). 
 
 In Aug. 1863 Jeremy F. Gilmer who had been Chief Engineer in Rich¬ 
 mond, was appointed to the temporary rank of major general and ordered 
 to report to General Beauregard at Charleston for services connected with 
 the defense of Charleston. During the succeeding months he also spent 
 some time at Atlanta and Mobile, commanded the defenses of Savannah 
 during Mar. -Apr. 1864, and during June-July 1864 was at Greensboro, 
 
 N. C., before returning to Richmond to resume the post of Chief Engineer. 
 He kept a record book in which are recorded copies of letters and telegrams 
 sent, Aug. 1863-July 1864, and endorsements on communications received 
 and forwarded. Sept. 1863-June 1864 (ch. HI, vol. 9). 
 
 Other departmental records include reports and dispatches from Fort 
 Sumter on enemy activity in Charleston Harbor, Feb. 1863-Sept. 1864 (3 
 in.); reports from signal stations on enemy activity July 1863-Nov. 1864 
 (1 ft.); daily reports of telegraph operators on duty at Charleston and at 
 batteries and forts in the harbor, Jan. 24-Feb. 16, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 194); 
 a journal of operations in Charleston Harbor, Sept. 1, 1863-Jan. 21, 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 192); a report by Lt. John Johnson on the bombardment of 
 Fort Sumter, July 20-Sept. 2, 1863 (1/2 in.); extracts from the journal kept 
 at Fort Sumter, July 17 and Dec. 5, 1863 (1/2 in.); copies of daily reports 
 from the commanding officers on James and Sullivan’s Islands concerning 
 the siege of Charleston, Dec. 30, 1864-Feb. 13, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 46 1/2); 
 messages sent by the signal station at Charleston, Feb. 4-16, 1865 (ch. 
 
 Vni, vol. 31); and abstracts of payments made by the assistant quartermas¬ 
 ter at Charleston, May-Nov. 1863 (ch. V, vol. 237). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A letters-sent book. May 8, 1864-Jan. 5, 
 1865, of Maj. Gen. S. Jones is in the Confederate Museum. Anorderbook, June 
 8-Aug. 20, 1862, is in Emory University Library, and another order book, June 
 1863-Mar. 1864, is in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of 
 North Carolina. Special orders. Sept. 1862-Feb. 1863, are in the Palmer col¬ 
 lection in the Western Reserve Historical Society. A collection of papers, 1862- 
 65, is in Duke University Library. Records of Maj. H. Lee, quartermas¬ 
 ter at Charleston, are in the South Carolina Historical Society collections. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 285 
 
 Papers of Col. David B. Harris, General Beauregard’s Chief Engineer, 
 
 1863- 64, are in Duke University Library. Records of Maj. William H. 
 Echols, an engineer officer in the department during 1863-65, in the South 
 Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina include correspond¬ 
 ence, reports, orders, payrolls, invoices, and receipts. Other records 
 
 of the engineer office at Charleston, Feb. 1863-Jan. 1865 (31 items), in¬ 
 cluding correspondence, lists, drawings, payrolls, and accounts, are in 
 the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Li¬ 
 brary which also has a record book. May 14-Aug. 20, 1862, of A. H. 
 
 Brown, the provost marshal at Charleston. 
 
 Records of the 1st Military District, 1861-65 (1,021 items), in the 
 South Carolina Historical Society collections include correspondence, tele¬ 
 grams, orders, court-martial proceedings, inspection reports, records 
 of elections of officers, and ordnance, quartermaster, and signal corps 
 reports. Official papers, Jan. 2-Apr. 30, 1861 (145 items), of Brig. Gen. 
 
 R. G. M. Dunovant, who was in charge of the defense of Charleston Har¬ 
 bor, are in Duke University Library. Correspondence, a journal for July 
 20-Sept. 2, 1863, and other papers of Maj. John Johnson, engineer officer 
 at Fort Sumter, are in the South Carolina Historical Society collections. 
 With Johnson’s papers are also an order book, 1863, and a letter book, 
 
 1864, of Col. Stephen Elliott, Jr., the commanding officer of Fort Sumter. 
 Correspondence of Col. Lawrence M. Keitt in Duke University Library re¬ 
 lates to Sullivan’s Island during 1862-64. Daily reports of artillery opera¬ 
 tions at Legare’s Point and Battery Simkins, Nov. 1863 (60 items, micro¬ 
 film), are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Caro¬ 
 lina. In the same repository are: a letters-sent book of Capt. W. W. Mc- 
 Creery, Jr., ordnance officer at Pocataligo, S. C., Jan. 10-Apr. 30, 1862; 
 a letters-sent book, Dec. 17, 1863-June 7, 1864, a record of subsistence 
 stores issued. May 1, 1862-July 31, 1863 (2 vols.), and an account book, 
 
 Aug. 1862-June 1864, of Capt. Isaac D. Witherspoon, assistant commis¬ 
 sary at Columbia, S.C.; and correspondence and other papers of Capt. 
 
 John S. Richardson, assistant quartermaster at Columbia, S. C., Jan. 2, 
 
 1864- Apr. 2, 1865 (1,711 items), concerning the construction and supply of 
 military prisons. Capt. John T. Champneys, another engineer officer at 
 Fort Sumter, kept a letter book, 1862-63, that is now in the University of 
 Virginia Library. A few papers, 1863-64, of Capt. H. L. Simons, assist¬ 
 ant commissary at Anderson Courthouse, S. C., are in the South Carolina 
 Archives Department, and a miscellaneous record book of Captain Simons, 
 1864-65, is in the Schenectady County (N. Y.) Historical Society collections. 
 Letters-sent books of A. S. Baldwin, chief surgeon for the District of East 
 Florida, July 20, 1863-Feb. 8, 1864, and Jan. 31-May 12, 1865 (2 vols.), 
 are in the Confederate Museum. Papers, 1859-65, of R. S. Butler, an 
 assistant surgeon in South Carolina, are in the Palmer collection of the 
 Western Reserve Historical Society. Papers of Capt. Henry W. Feilden, 
 who was an assistant adjutant general on the staff of the commanding gen¬ 
 eral of the department, are in the Library of Congress, the South Carolina 
 Historical Society collections, and the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Correspondence of Brig. in Correspondence Relating to Fortifi - 
 
 Gens. Roswell S. Ripley, Thomas cations of Morris Island and Operations 
 
 Jordan, and Col. Alfred Roman is of Engineers (Charleston, 1863). 
 
286 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Department and District of Georgia 
 
 The Department of Georgia was established on Oct. 26, 1861, and 
 was merged on Nov. 5, 1861, into the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, 
 and Florida. Under this department the District of Georgia was established 
 on May 28, 1862. In Dec. 1862 the district consisted of the State of Georgia 
 except for the defenses of the Apalachicola River and its principal affluents. 
 
 Successive commanders of the district: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton, Oct. 26, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Hugh W. Mercer, Dec. 28, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, Jan. 21, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -General and special orders and circulars issued 
 by the headquarters and subcommands, 1861-65 (2 in.); letters sent by Col. 
 M. H. Wright, commander of the troops at Atlanta, July 1863-May 1864 (ch. 
 n, vol. 186); a register of communications received and forwarded by the 
 headquarters of the defenses of Atlanta, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 349); press 
 copies of letter sent by Lt. William D. Harden, Mar. 6, 1862-Jan. 2, 1863 
 (1 vol.), containing outgoing letters of the ordnance officer of the Skidaway 
 District, Isle of Hope, and the Department of Georgia; abstracts of pay¬ 
 ments made by Capt. H. T. Massengale, quartermaster at Atlanta, July 
 1862-Mar. 1863 (ch. V, vols. 215, 215 1/2, and 242); a record of articles 
 received and issued by Maj. F. W. Dillard, quartermaster at Columbus, 
 
 Oct. -Dec. 1863 (ch. V, vol. 211); letters sent by Capt. Joseph Manigault, 
 signal officer at Savannah, with endorsements on letters received, Nov. 11, 
 1862-Oct. 24, 1864 (ch. Vni, vol. 32); and the Savannah Signal Office’s re¬ 
 cord of employees and property, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 29). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A letters-sent book, Jan. 22-Feb. 20, 
 1865, of Lt. Gen. D. H. Hill is in the North Carolina Department of Archives 
 and History, which also has other records of Hill. Vouchers and other 
 financial records of Maj. T. D. Hamilton, quartermaster at Rome, Nov. 1, 
 1861-Apr. 1, 1865 (165 items), are in the Mississippi Department of Archives 
 and History. Press copies of letters sent by Capt. George Robertson, Jr., 
 post commissary at Savannah, Apr. 1, 1864-Apr. 19, 1865 (1 vol.; after Feb. 
 15, 1865, he was at Macon) are in Duke University Library. Returns of 
 provisions signed by Captain Robertson at Savannah, July 1861-Sept. 1862 
 and Feb. and Apr. 1863, are in the Georgia Historical Society collections. 
 
 A register of passes issued by Capt. George H. Fulkerson, the provost mar¬ 
 shal at Macon, May 7-Sept. 7 [1864], is in the Georgia Department of Archives 
 and History. Thediary of Col. Edward C. Anderson in the Southern Historical 
 Collection in the University of North Carolina Library concerns his tours of 
 duty at Savannah, Nov. 20, 1861-Mar. 13, 1862, and Nov. 2, 1863-Nov. 13, 1864. 
 
 Army and Department of Tennessee 
 
 On Nov. 20, 1862, the Army of Kentucky and the Army of Mississippi 
 joined to form the Army of Tennessee. The commanders of this army 
 were also commanders of the Department of Tennessee (formerly Depart¬ 
 ment No. 2), organized on July 25, 1863, including also the Department of 
 East Tennessee. The department included parts of Tennessee, western 
 North Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia. It was renamed the Department 
 of Tennessee and Georgia on Aug. 15, 1864. 
 
 Successive commanders of the army and the department: 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, 1862. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 287 
 
 Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk (temp.), Aug., Dec. 1863. 
 
 Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee (temp.), Dec. 2-22, 1863. 
 
 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, Dec. 27, 1863. 
 
 Gen. John B. Hood, July 18, 1864. 
 
 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, Feb. 25, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of the Army of Tennessee include gen¬ 
 eral orders issued, Nov. 24-Dec. 19, 1862, and telegrams sent, Jan. 19- 
 Apr. 19, 1864 (ch. m, part of vol. 8); orders and circulars issued, Dec. 
 1863-Apr. 1865 (ch. n, vol. 350); special orders issued, Aug. 27-Dec. 22, 
 
 1863 (ch. n, vol. 19 1/2); special field orders and special orders issued, 
 
 July 1864-Apr. 1865 (ch. H, vol. 349); special orders received from the 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, 1862-65 (6 in.); proceedings of ex¬ 
 amining boards relating to artillery officers, 1864-65 (3 in.); an undated 
 register of officers (ch. VIII, vol. 358); miscellaneous records including 
 correspondence, telegrams, orders, and lists of paroled prisoners, 1863-65 
 (3 in.); endorsements on letters received, copies of letters sent, and spe¬ 
 cial orders, 1863-64 (ch. H, vol. 15 1/2); dispatches concerning actions 
 and engagements. Mar.-May 1863 (ch. H, vol. 53 3/4); general and spe¬ 
 cial orders and circulars issued by the Army of Tennessee and subordinate 
 commands, Feb. 1863-Mar. 1864 (ch. H, vol. 53); orders and circulars of 
 the Department and Army of Tennessee, 1862-65 (6 in.); and General Hood's 
 field dispatches, July 27, 1864-Jan. 16, 1865 (1 vol.). Records of subordi¬ 
 nate commands include copies of dispatches sent and orders and circulars 
 issued by Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk's corps. Sept. 1863 (ch. 11, vol. 222 1/2); 
 endorsements on letters received by General Polk's corps, Apr. 1863-Feb. 
 
 1864 (ch. n, vols. 222, 222A, and 222B); letters and telegrams sent and 
 orders and circulars issued by General Polk, May 9-June 19, 1864 (ch. n, 
 vol. 221 1/2); copies and extracts of general and special orders and circu¬ 
 lars issued by General Hardee's corps, Feb. 1863-Mar. 1865 (ch. H, vol. 
 272); letters and circulars sent and orders issued by General Hood's corps 
 (Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee's corps after July 1864), Mar. 1864-Feb. 1865 
 (ch. n, vol. 273); copies of letters and orders received by Maj. Gen. Pat¬ 
 rick R. Cleburne's division, 1862-64 (ch. H, vol. 265); orders and circu¬ 
 lars of Brig. Gen. William H. Jackson's cavalry division, June-Sept. 1864 
 (ch. n, vol. 271 1/2); orders and circulars of Lt. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest’s 
 cavalry, 1863-65 (1 in.); special orders of General Polk’s corps, Dec. 1863 
 (ch. n, vol. 236 1/2); copies of general orders received by Polk’s corps, 
 Jan.-Aug. 1863 (ch. II, vol. 53 1/4); dispatches, orders, and circulars re¬ 
 ceived by Polk’s corps. Sept. 1863 (ch. H, vol. 273 1/2); a register of let¬ 
 ters received by Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman's division, Oct. 20, 1863- 
 May 8, 1864 (ch. Vm, vol. 314); general and special orders received by 
 Brig. Gen. John C. Brown’s brigade, Jan. 7-Aug. 7, 1863 (ch. Vni, part 
 of vol. 341); an undated roster of field, staff, and company officers of Gen¬ 
 eral Brown’s brigade (ch. VIH, vol. 341, p. 126-135); letters, reports, and 
 telegrams received and sent concerning Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson’s 
 command, 1863-65 (3 in.); letters, orders, and circulars received relating 
 to Brig. Gen. Edward C. Walthall’s division, 1864-65 (3 in.); letters re¬ 
 ceived and copies of letters sent by Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, 1863-64 
 (1/3 in.); letters, telegrams, and orders relating to Brig. Gen. St. John 
 
 R. Liddell’s command, 1865; and strength returns of the brigades of Maj. 
 Gen. J. C. Breckinridge’s division, Jan. 1863-May 1863 (2 in.), that were 
 received with records of the 1st Kentucky Brigade. Records of the Inspec¬ 
 tor General include letters sent and endorsements on letters received. 
 
288 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 June 5, 1863-Apr. 29, 1864 (ch. EE, vol. 158 1/4); and a letters-sent book, 
 Nov. 12, 1864-Apr. 29, 1865 (ch. E, vol. 19 1/4). 
 
 Other records include: special orders of the headquarters of the Con¬ 
 federate forces at Chattanooga and of the District of Tennessee at Chatta¬ 
 nooga, Nov. 22, 1862-July 3, 1863 (ch. 11, vol. 249), signed by Brig. Gens. 
 Benjamin H. Helm, William B. Bate, and John K. Jackson; a record book 
 of Maj. A. L. Landis, a quartermaster officer, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 226); 
 some notes of Lt. W. B. Richmond, aide-de-camp to General Polk, on 
 the movement of the Army of Tennessee from Memphis to Chattanooga, 
 June-Aug. 1863 (ch. n, vol. 272), with some copies of dispatches, orders, 
 and circulars; and a brief diary of Lieutenant Richmond, Sept. 6-16, 1863 
 (ch. n, vol. 272 1/4). For the 1st Missouri Brigade that served with the 
 Army of Tennessee the records include a cashbook of Capt. Albert Danner, 
 assistant quartermaster, Nov. 1864-May 1865 (ch. V, vol. 139), and quar¬ 
 termaster accounts. Mar., Apr., and Aug. -Oct. 1864 (ch. Vin, vol. 90). 
 Letters, orders, and circulars relating to hospitals in Alabama, Georgia, 
 Mississippi, and Tennessee, Nov. 6, 1862-Apr. 27, 1865 (ch. VI, vol. 
 
 664), include those sent by Surgeons Carey B. Gamble and B. M. Wible. 
 
 A return of medical officers of Anderson’s division, Hardee’s corps, is 
 dated Shelbyville, Dec. 1, 1862 (ch. VI, vol. 664, p. 160-161). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Letters-sent books, Feb. 24, 1862-Mar. 
 
 29, 1864 (3 vols.), containing outgoing communications by Generals Bragg, 
 Hardee, and Johnston, and telegrams, general and special orders, circu¬ 
 lars, inspection reports, and a roster of officers, are in the W. P. Palmer 
 collection in the Western Reserve Historical Society which also has a jour¬ 
 nal kept by Josiah S. Johnston, Oct. 1, 1862-Dec. 2, 1863, and letters of 
 Gen. John B. Hood. Other letters of Hood are in the Henry E. Huntington 
 Library. A letters-sent book of Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee, Dec. 20, 
 1862-Apr. 30, 1864, and letters to his wife during the period June 1-Aug. 
 
 30, 1864, are in the Alabama Department of Archives and History. Corre¬ 
 spondence, orders, circulars, reports, returns, and other records, 1863- 
 65 (545 items), of Brig. Gen. William W. Allen are in the same repository. 
 A letters-sent book, Feb. 25-May 8, 1865, of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and 
 telegrams sent, Feb. 25-May 3, 1865 (4 vols.), are in the William and 
 Mary College Library. General orders issued by Johnston, Jan. 3-Apr. 
 
 28, 1864, orders and circulars issued and received by the 2d Alabama Bri¬ 
 gade commanded by Brig. Gen. Edmund W. Pettus, Sept. 30, 1863-Apr. 
 
 17, 1864 (1 vol.), and returns of men and materials, Jan. 1864-Apr. 1865, 
 are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. The Tennessee 
 State Library and Archives has papers of Capt. B. J. Semmes, chief depot 
 commissary, and a register of a hospital at Memphis, 1861-62. Papers of 
 Maj. Jerome P. Wilson, concerning in part Major General Hindman, and 
 papers of Maj. William F. Ayer, a quartermaster officer, are in Emory 
 University Library. Papers of Brig. Gen. Marcellus A. Stovall are in the 
 Southern Historic^ Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 Another miscellaneous collection of documents is in the Louisiana Histori¬ 
 cal Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Li¬ 
 brary of Tulane University. Papers of Thomas J. McKean in the Missis¬ 
 sippi Department of Archives and History relate mostly to the battle of 
 Corinth, Miss., Oct. 1862. Papers of Capt. Irving A. Buck, assistant 
 adjutant general of Maj. Gen Patrick R. Cleburne’s division, in the Confed¬ 
 erate Museum include battle reports, lists of casualties, orders and tele¬ 
 grams received from Hardee’s headquarters, and field orders and circulars 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 289 
 
 issued by Cleburne’s division. A correspondence and order book of B. M. 
 Wible, post surgeon at Tunnel Hill, Ga., Aug. 29-Dec. 14, 1862, is in the 
 Stout collection in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. 
 Correspondence and a diary (Oct. 15, 1864-May 26, 1865) of Charles T. 
 Quintard, chaplain of the 1st Tennessee Infantry, are in the University of the 
 South Library (available on microfilm; microfilm copies in the Department 
 of Archives of the Louisiana State University, the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library, and the University of Chicago Library). Other correspondence 
 of Quintard is in Duke University Library. Some property returns, requi¬ 
 sitions, invoices, and reports, 1863, are in the Mississippi Department of 
 Archives and History. 
 
 Trans-Mississippi Department 
 
 The State of Texas was set up as the Department of Texas on Apr. 21, 
 1861, and commanded successively by Col. Earl Van Dorn, Col. Henry E. 
 McCulloch, and Brig. Gen. Paul O. Hubert. The District of Galveston was 
 established within the department in Oct. 1861 and commanded by Col. John 
 C. Moore and Col. E. B. Nichols. The District of Houston, established in 
 Jan. 1862, was commanded by Col. John C. Moore. On Jan. 9 the Trans- 
 Mississippi District, embracing parts of Louisiana, Indian Territory, Ar¬ 
 kansas, and Missouri, was established and commanded by Maj. Gen. Earl 
 Van Dorn. On May 26, 1862, it was joined with the Department of Texas to 
 form the Trans-Mississippi Department. In 1863 Texas was divided into 
 an eastern subdistrict under the successive commands of Col. Xavier B. 
 Debray and Brig. Gens. William R. Scurry, Philip N. Luckett, and Henry 
 E. McCulloch; a northern subdistrict commanded successively by Lt. Col. 
 
 S. P. Bankhead and Brig. Gen. Henry E. McCulloch; and a western subdis¬ 
 trict commanded successively by Brig. Gens. Hamilton P. Bee and James 
 E. Slaughter. 
 
 Generals Hubert and Holmes maintained their headquarters at Little 
 Rock. General Smith established departmental headquarters at Alexandria, 
 La., but moved it on Apr. 24, 1863, to Shreveport. By 1864 with the enemy 
 occupying Arkansas and Louisiana, the department was greatly reduced in 
 size. 
 
 The Trans-Mississippi Department, distant from the major sources 
 of supply in the Confederacy, was left to its own resources in obtaining war 
 supplies. Ordnance, quartermaster, and subsistence supplies were obtained 
 from the northern states of Mexico and from abroad through Texas ports. 
 Maj. Simeon Hart, a quartermaster officer at San Antonio, functioned as 
 a purchasing agent for all services. In Nov. 1863 the department designa¬ 
 ted quartermaster depots in Texas at Bonham, Jefferson, San Antonio, and 
 Houston, and in Louisiana at Shreveport. In Feb. 1865 depots for the man¬ 
 ufacture of clothing and garrison equipage were located at Houston, Hunts¬ 
 ville, Mount Prairie, and Gilmer, Tex., and at Shreveport. A chief in¬ 
 spector of field transportation had charge of the inspection, purchase, 
 impressment, and issue of field transportation. 
 
 The U.S. arsenal at Little Rock was taken over and used during 1862- 
 63 for the repair of arms, the manufacture of ammunition, and as an ord¬ 
 nance depot. Arsenals at Arkadelphia and Camden, Ark., repaired arms 
 and manufactured ammunition. Ordnance shops were established at Alex¬ 
 andria and New Iberia, La.; in 1863 the ordnance stores at New Iberia were 
 moved to Shreveport where an arsenal was established. In the same year 
 
290 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 the machinery and stores in Arkansas were moved to new arsenals at 
 Marshall and Tyler, Tex. The arsenal at San Antonio, seized by Texas 
 forces in Feb. 1861, was transferred later that year to the Confederate Gov¬ 
 ernment. 
 
 In 1863 after Union forces secured control of the Mississippi River, 
 bureaus were established in the Trans-Mississippi Department to perform 
 functions which were carried on for the cis-Mississippi region by the War 
 Department bureaus in Richmond. Conscription, ordnance, subsistence, 
 and quartermaster’s bureaus were established under officers subordinate 
 to General Smith. The chief of the Bureau of Conscription was referred to 
 as the Commandant of Conscripts in the Trans-Mississippi Department; the 
 conscription service had been subordinate to the commander of that depart¬ 
 ment from its inception in 1862. The Cotton Bureau was concerned with 
 the exportation of cotton owned by the Confederate Government and the im¬ 
 portation of supplies. The Army Intelligence Office performed the same 
 function as the office of the same name in Richmond. On Sept. 16, 1863, 
 General Smith directed that all papers required by Army Regulations to be 
 sent to the chiefs of the War Department bureaus at Richmond were to be 
 sent to the chiefs of the bureaus at his headquarters. The administrative 
 organization thus developed in the Trans-Mississippi Department was legal¬ 
 ized by an act of Congress of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 202), 
 which stipulated that the bureaus established west of the Mississippi River 
 were to be auxiliary to the similar bureaus of the War Department and were 
 to perform duties as prescribed by the Secretary of War or the general 
 commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department. The bureaus were at first 
 located at General Smith’s headquartei'S at Shreveport, La., but his order 
 of May 30, 1864, directed that they were to be established at Marshall, Tex. 
 Organizations added in 1864 included a Medical Bureau, an Agent of Ex¬ 
 change, a Tax in Kind Bureau, and an Engineer Bureau. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Trans-Mississippi Department: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Paul O. Hubert (temp.), May 26, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, July 30, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, Mar. 7, 1863. 
 
 Chiefs of the Trans-Mississippi Bureaus: 
 
 Bureau of Conscription: Brig. Gen. ELkanah Greer, June 3, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. F. T. Nicholls, July 30, 1864. 
 
 Bureau of Ordnance: Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger, July 27, 1863. 
 
 Niter and Mining Bureau: T. G. Clemson, July 11, 1863. 
 
 Cotton Bureau: Lt. Col. W. A. Broadwell, Aug. 3, 1863. 
 
 Subsistence Bureau: Maj. William B. Blair, Aug. 17, 1863. 
 
 Quartermaster’s Bureau: Lt. Col. L. W. O’Bannon, Sept. 4, 1863. 
 
 Army Intelligence Office: R. S. Thomas, Nov. 12, 1863. 
 
 Medical Bureau: Surg. John M. Haden, Mar. 25, 1864. 
 
 Agent of Exchange: Maj. Ignatius Szymanski, July 4, 1864. 
 
 Tax in Kind Bureau: Maj. Benjamin A. Botts, Sept. 1, 1864. 
 
 Iron Works: Capt. R. H. Temple, Sept. 27, 1864. 
 
 Supervisor of Mines: T. G. Clemson, Sept. 27, 1864. 
 
 Engineer Bureau: Lt. Col. Henry T. Douglas, Mar. 6, 1865. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 291 
 
 Florence E. Holladay, "The 
 Powers of the Commander of the 
 Confederate Trans-Mississippi De¬ 
 partment, 1863-1865, " Southwestern 
 Historic^ Quarterly , 27:279-298, 
 
 333-359 (Jan., Apr. 1918); F. Lee 
 Laurence and Robert W. Glover, 
 
 Camp Ford, C. S. A.; the Story of 
 Union Prisoners in Texas (Austin, 
 
 1964); Leon Mitchell, Jr., "Camp 
 Ford, Confederate Military Prison, " 
 
 Early in 1873 A. P. Tasker of the War Department’s Archive Office 
 examined records of the Trans-Mississippi Department that were then at 
 Shreveport. In Mar. 1873 the War Department offered $2,500 for the re¬ 
 cords, and George Williamson acting for George L. Woodward of Caddo 
 Parish accepted the offer and shipped the records to Washington. A sched¬ 
 ule of these records is available (Archive Office, Letters Received, R 38 
 B). The War Department also acquired records from Gens. Thomas J. 
 Churchill, Thomas C. Hindman, Theophilus H. Holmes, John S. Marma- 
 duke, John B. Magruder, Sterling Price, Edmund Kirby Smith, and Wil¬ 
 liam Steele, and from Lt. Col. Gabriel H. Hill and Maj. Charles E. Carr. 
 
 Record Group 109 .--Records of the Department of Texas include 
 copies of letters sent. Sept. 16, 1861-Oct. 1862 (ch. H, vols. 129, 134, 135, 
 and 135 1/2); general and special orders and circulars issued, 1861-64 
 (3 1/2 in.); endorsements on letters received, Nov. 1861-Oct. 1862 (ch. n, 
 vol. 140); general orders issued, Oct. 2, 186i-Nov. 27, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 
 112); special orders issued. Sept. 13, 1861-Feb. 5, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 109); 
 special orders issued by the Military District of Galveston, July 26, 1861- 
 May 20, 1862 (ch. n, vol. 241); and general and special orders issued and re¬ 
 ceived at Galveston, May 14, 1862-July 3, 1863 (ch. II, vol. 243). 
 
 Records of the Trans-Mississippi Department include copies of let¬ 
 ters sent. Mar. 7, 1863-May 19, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 70-72 and 73 1/2); 
 copies of confidential letters and telegrams sent, Jan. 6-Apr. 15, 1865 
 (ch. n, vol. 71 1/2; available on microfilm); letters and telegrams received, 
 1861-65 (4 in.); general orders issued, Oct. 1, 1862-May 16, 1865 (ch. II, 
 vols. 74 and 81; mostly printed); general and special orders and circulars 
 issued by headquarters and subcommands and the Bureau of Conscription, 
 1861-65 (6 in.; available on microfilm); general and special orders issued 
 and received by various commands, 1862-63 (ch. II, vol. 80); and special 
 orders issued, Nov. 22, 1862-May 10, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 77-79; available 
 on microfilm). 
 
 Records of the eastern subdistrict of Texas include general orders 
 issued, Feb. 13-Dec. 25, 1863 (ch. H, part of vol. 116); special orders 
 issued, Feb. 13, 1863-Feb. 1, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 102); and an undated roster 
 of commissioned officers (ch. I, vol. 102 1/2). 
 
 C.S. A. Army, Trans-Mis- 1863, to January 1, 1865 (Houston, 
 
 sissippi Department, General Or - 1865), Report of Major General Hind- 
 
 ders. Headquarters, Trans-Missis- man, of His Operations in the Trans- 
 sippi Department, from March 6 , Mississippi District (Richmond, 1864). 
 
 Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 
 66:1-16 (July 1962), "Camp Groce, 
 Confederate Military Prison, " ibid., 
 67:15-21 (July 1963); James L. Nich¬ 
 ols, The Confederate Quartermaster 
 in the Trans-Mississippi (Austin, 
 1964); Stephen B. Oates, "Supply for 
 Confederate Cavalry in the Trans- 
 Mississippi, " Military Affairs , 25: 
 94-99 (Summer 1961). 
 
 Other records include correspondence of Brig. Gen. John S. Marma- 
 
292 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 duke, 1863-64 (3 in.; available on microfilm); copies of letters sent by 
 Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Churchill’s division, Jan. 23-May 17, 1865 (ch. n, 
 vol. 263 1/2; available on microfilm); general and special orders issued by 
 various headquarters, Oct. 1861-Oct. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 242); copies of 
 special orders issued by Brig. Gen. Thomas Green’s cavalry division, Nov. 
 12-Dec. 15, 1863, and rosters of the division (ch. Vni, vol. 393); a regis¬ 
 ter of officers of Maj. Gen. Mosby M. Parsons’ division of Missouri volun¬ 
 teers commissioned during 1862-63 (ch. Vrn, vol. 394); general and special 
 orders issued by Maj. Waldemar HyRested, provost marshal, and Lt. Col. 
 John J. Myers and Capt. Peter MacGreal, commanders of the post of 
 Houston, Jan. 27-Dec. 8, 1863 (ch. R, vol. 117); an observatory report 
 book of Lt. A. L. Lindsay, Signal Corps, Houston, July 9, 1863-Sept. 20, 
 1864 (ch. Vm, vol. 7); and special orders issued by the commanders of the 
 post of Houston, Dec. 3, 1863-Dec. 22, 1864 (ch. n, part of vol. 116), con¬ 
 taining also copies of letters sent by Maj. N. B. Pearce, Dec. 18, 1863- 
 Jan. 14, 1864. 
 
 Records relating to ordnance works include a miscellaneous record 
 book of the Little Rock arsenal, Aug. 1862-Aug. 1863 (ch. IV, vol. 148); 
 letters sent by Lt. Col. Gabriel H. Hill, commander of the Tyler arsenal. 
 Mar. 4, 1864-May 26, 1865 (ch. IV, vol. 147; available on microfilm as 
 M 119); and a miscellaneous record book of the Tyler arsenal. Sept. 1863- 
 Apr. 1865 (ch. IV, part of vol. 148). 
 
 Most of the letters sent by A. Albaugh, HI, Tyler, Texas, 
 
 the Tyler arsenal are printed ver- C. S. A. (Harrisburg, Pa., 1958). 
 
 batim or summarized in William 
 
 Record Group 365 . --In 1873 the records of the Trans-Mississippi 
 Department’s Cotton Bureau were purchased by the U.S. Commissioners 
 of Claims from J. P. Broadwell, a brother of Lt. Col. W. A. Broadwell 
 who had been the head of the bureau. An inventory of the records is in the 
 files of the War Department’s Archive Office, Letters Received, R 38 C. 
 The commissioners later transferred them to the Treasury Department 
 from which they were received by the National Archives in 1939. The re¬ 
 cords are bound in volumes and all or nearly all the volumes contain name 
 indexes. They include: a press copy book of letters sent by W. A. Broad¬ 
 well, Aug. 21, 1863-Apr. 18, 1864, to cotton agents, quartermasters, de¬ 
 positaries, other Government officials, business firms, private individ¬ 
 uals, Gen. E. K. Smith and officers on his staff, and Lt. Col. W. J. Hut¬ 
 chins at Houston; correspondence and other records, Feb. 1864-May 1865 
 (3 1/2 ft.), consisting of letters received by Broadwell, copies and drafts 
 of outgoing letters and drafts of instructions, circulars and general and 
 special orders of the Trans-Mississippi Department, reports and permits, 
 and lists of exemptions and fiscal records; a register of letters received, 
 Feb. 1864-May 1865; a record of endorsements on letters received, Aug. 
 
 22, 1863-May 13, 1865; a record of cotton shipments, Oct. 1863-Apr. 1865; 
 statements of cotton purchased in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas by Gov¬ 
 ernment agents, 1864-65; a record of permits issued for exporting cotton 
 on private account, Oct. 6, 1864-Jan. 25, 1865; and a record of invoices of 
 ordnance supplies delivered and to be delivered by Bouldin, Riggs & Walk¬ 
 er, Oct. 8, 1863. 
 
 Records that were accumulated by a branch of the Cotton Bureau at 
 Houston known as the Texas Cotton Office and now in this collection include: 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 293 
 
 press copies of letters sent, June 23, 1864-Oct. 5, 1865 (7 vols.); letters 
 received, June 1864-Sept. 1865 (8 ft.); a register of letters received, June 
 1864-Aug. 1865 (2 vols.); a record of endorsements on letters received, 
 
 Nov. 1863-May 1865 (1 vol.); and miscellaneous records, such as circulars, 
 general and special orders from military headquarters, reports of pur¬ 
 chasing agents, lists of agents and officials, payrolls, vouchers, quarterly 
 returns of quartermaster stores, financial statements, registers of export 
 duty on cotton, and papers concerning vessels. 
 
 Other book records of the Texas Cotton Office in the same collection 
 include: weekly reports of cotton purchases by agents, July-Nov. 1864 (1 
 vol.); a record of shipments of cotton by transport agents, July 1864-Jan. 
 
 1865 (1 vol.); a record of deliveries of cotton by railroads, July 1864-Apr. 
 1865 (1 vol.); a record of cotton received and delivered, Jan. 1864-Apr. 
 
 1865 (1 vol.); a record of the receipt and delivery of bagging and rope, Feb. 
 1864-May 1865 (1 vol.); a cotton sales book, Aug. 1864-May 1865 (1 vol.); 
 a record of purchases of cotton by agents, July-Dee. 1864 (1 vol.); a cotton 
 cash account, July 15, 1864-May 20, 1865 (1 vol.); a record of certified cotton 
 accounts, July 1864-Jan. 1865 (2 vols.); a ledger of certified accounts, Apr. 
 1864-May 1865 (1 vol.); and a record of the organization, Apr. 2, 1864, in 
 Matamoras, Mex., of a joint-stock company in contract with the Texas 
 Cotton Bureau to purchase arms and import them into Texas and, in turn, 
 to ship cotton through the blockade. All the records listed here are de¬ 
 scribed in detail in National Archives, Preliminary Inventory [No. 169] of 
 the Treasury Department Collection of Confederate Records . 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -A letters-sent book of Gen. Edmund 
 Kirby Smith, June 3, 1863-May 2, 1865, and a file of his correspondence 
 and other papers, 1861-65, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the 
 University of North Carolina Library (microfilm in the University of Texas 
 Library). A register of letters received. Sept. 1864-May 25, 1865; and 
 letters sent by Col. Ben Allston, the inspector general, July 11-Dec. 30, 
 
 1863 (1 vol.) are in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on de¬ 
 posit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University, which 
 also has some printed general orders issued, Jan. -May 1865. The surren¬ 
 der agreement of May 26, 1865, endorsed by General Smith and Gen. Ed¬ 
 ward R. S. Canby in Galveston Harbor on June 2 is in the Virginia Histori¬ 
 cal Society collections. The Texas Archives of the University of Texas 
 Library has a miscellaneous collection of documents relating to the Trans- 
 Mississippi Department, such as the papers of Guy M. Bryan, an officer 
 on the staff of General Smith. Some ordnance records, 1862-65, are in the 
 Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 The letters-sent books, June 30, 1861-May 15, 1865 (4 vols.), of Maj. 
 Charles E. Carr, chief quartermaster from Oct. to Dec. 1862 and chief 
 paymaster from Dec. 1862 to May 1865, are in the New-York Historical 
 Society collections. Other records of his maintained while he was chief 
 paymaster are in the Louisiana Historical Association deposit in the Howard- 
 Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. Some papers of Maj. Wil¬ 
 liam L. Cabell, chief quartermaster from Dec. 1862 to Mar. 1863, are in 
 the Dallas Historical Society collections. On Mar. 10, 1863, the appoint¬ 
 ment of Maj. William H. Thomas as chief of subsistence was announced 
 and he continued in that office until the end of the war. His records in the 
 Louisiana Historical Association deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial 
 Library of Tulane University include press copies of letters sent, Apr. - 
 Dec. 1863 and Feb. 1864-Feb. 1865 (4 vols.); miscellaneous papers. Mar. 
 
294 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 20, 1865 (365 items), including letters received, drafts of letters sent, re¬ 
 ceipts, returns, orders, estimates of funds required, reports of persons 
 employed, and accounts; a register of letters received, Feb. 20-Oct. 16, 
 1865 (1 vol.); a record of briefs of letters received and endorsements on 
 letters forwarded, Aug. 8, 1863-May 26, 1865 (3 vols.); a return of provi¬ 
 sions received and issued at Shreveport, Oct.-Dec. 1863; a cashbook, Aug. 
 19, 1864-Apr. 11, 1865; rosters of officers and agents of the Subsistence 
 Department on duty in districts nos. 1 and 2, 1862-64; and an alphabetical 
 roster of commissary officers, 1862-64. Some papers of Maj. John Reid, 
 a commissary officer who served with Major Thomas during 1864-65, are 
 in the Department of Archives of Louisiana State University. A letters- 
 sent book of Maj. Benjamin A. Botts, inspector of the tax in kind, 1863-65, 
 is with the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. Miscella¬ 
 neous quartermaster records relating to the Trans-Mississippi Department 
 are in the same repository and also in the Archives Division of the Texas 
 State Library, where some commissary records are interfiled with them. 
 
 Records of other quartermaster officers have been located. Capt. N. 
 A. Birge became post quartermaster at Monroe, La., late in 1862, then 
 served as assistant quartermaster at Shreveport, and during 1864-65 he 
 was agent for the impressment of cotton at Jefferson, Tex. An extensive 
 collection of his records in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas 
 Library includes correspondence, 1861-65 (3,173 items); reports on persons 
 employed, Nov. 1861-Apr. 1864 (2 vols.); and a roll of noncommissioned 
 officers and privates employed on extra duty as mechanics and laborers at 
 Monroe, Shreveport, and Jefferson, 1862-65 (1 vol.). Other papers of 
 Captain Birge in the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State Univer¬ 
 sity include letters received, a file of requisitions, vouchers, receipts, 
 orders, and summary statements of funds, 1862-65; and a transportation 
 record book, 1862-63. Capt. George C. Rives was a quartermaster officer 
 on tax-in-kind service at Austin, Tex., during 1863-65. His correspond¬ 
 ence and reports received by him from county agents are in the Archives 
 Division of the Texas State Library. Thomas D. Miller, a quartermaster 
 agent who headed a cotton agency at Alexandria, La., kept a letters-sent 
 (fair copies) book, July 14, 1864-Jan. 30, 1865, which is now in the Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives of the Louisiana State University. Fair copies of letters 
 sent by Capt. Francis J. Lynch, Oct. 21, 1864-May 12, 1865 (1 vol.), re¬ 
 lating to the cotton agency at Brownsville, Tex., are in the Archives Divi¬ 
 sion of the Texas State Library. 
 
 Some incomplete collections of records relating to the conscription 
 service in several of the States are available. General and special orders, 
 telegrams, circulars, and other papers received by the enrolling officer of 
 the 4th Division of Arkansas (Maj. James T. Elliott), Nov. 3, 1862-Feb. 
 
 15, 1865, are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. The 
 Louisiana Adjutant General’s Office at Jackson Barracks, New Orleans, 
 has records of Col. E. G. Randolph, the commandant of conscripts at 
 Shreveport, including orders, circulars, and letters sent to enrolling offi¬ 
 cers, and with these documents are a few papers, Dec. 1863-May 1865 (2 
 in.), of Lt. J. A. Prudhomme, enrolling officer at Natchitoches. In the 
 same collection is a letters-sent book of Lieutenant Prudhomme, July 1864- 
 May 1865, containing fair copies of letters to the commandant of conscripts, 
 other enrolling officers, surgeons, post commanders, and others. Anoth¬ 
 er record book of the Natchitoches Parish enrolling office, containing de¬ 
 scriptive lists and reports of slaves and conscripts enrolled, June 1864- 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 295 
 
 Apr. 1865, is in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit 
 in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. A notebook 
 in the John A. Spence papers in the Department of Archives of the Louisi¬ 
 ana State University contains records of the Calcasieu Parish enrolling of¬ 
 fice, Aug. 1864-Apr. 1865, including descriptive lists of conscripts enrolled, 
 special orders detailing men for duty, and a register of documents received. 
 
 District of Arkansas 
 
 The District of Arkansas, including the States of Arkansas and Mis¬ 
 souri and the Indian country, was established on Aug. 20, 1862, as part of 
 the Trans-Mississippi Department. By the end of 1863 the Confederates 
 had been forced to retreat into southwestern Arkansas leaving most of Ar¬ 
 kansas in Union control. 
 
 Successive commanders of the District: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman, Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, Mar. 18, 1863. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Sterling Price,, Mar. 16, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Churchill, Aug. 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, Aug. 4, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Mosby M. Parsons, Jan. 29, 1865. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, Feb. 1, 1865. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Mosby M. Parsons, Feb. 15, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters sent by Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, 
 Sept. 8, 1864-Jan. 18, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 201; available on microfilm); spe¬ 
 cial orders. May 20-Oct. 17, 1864, and copies of letters sent by Brig. Gen. 
 Joseph G. Shelby, May 19-Sept. 14, 1864 (ch. II, vol. 73; available on 
 microfilm); and a statement of differences arising on the settlement of the 
 accounts of Maj. George W. Clarke, quartermaster at Fort Smith, 1861- 
 62 (ch. V, vol. 246). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Papers of Brig. Gen. Daniel M. Frost, 
 who served under Generals Hindman and Price, are in the Missouri Histori¬ 
 cal Society collections. 
 
 District of Indian Territory 
 
 In 1861 the Indian country west of Arkansas and south of Kansas was 
 made a separate military command, the Department of Indian Territory, 
 its regiments composed of Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Chickasaw In¬ 
 dians. In May 1862 the department was merged into the Trans-Mississippi 
 Department, but a District of Indian Territory consisting of the same area 
 was established within that department on July 21, 1864. The district com¬ 
 manders also served as Superintendents of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Successive commanders of the department and district: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Ben McCulloch, May 13, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Albert Pike, Nov. 22, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper, Jan. 20, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William Steele, Jan. 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Samuel B. Maxey, Dec. 11, 1863. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Douglas H. Cooper, July 21, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books. May 19, 1863-June 17, 1864, 
 and May 10-27, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 258, 267, and 268); letters sent by Col. 
 E. E. Portlock, Jr., inspector general, Apr. 23, 1864-May 15, 1865 
 
296 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 (ch. n, vols. 259 and 260); letters received by Colonel Portlock from the 
 inspector general of the Trans-Mississippi Department, June 14-Oct. 7, 
 1864; and miscellaneous papers, 1863-65 (1/2 in.), consisting of circulars, 
 letters transmitting muster rolls, correspondence regarding prisoners and 
 Federal raids, the proceedings of the grand council of the Confederate In¬ 
 dian tribes, Aug. 1864, memoranda on the military forces in the district, 
 1863, and the compact between the Confederate Indian tribes and the prairie 
 tribes, 1865. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Papers of Generals Cooper, Maxey, and 
 Stand Watie, commander of an Indian brigade, are in the University of Ok¬ 
 lahoma Library. Some letters received by Stand Watie, Apr. 1862-Apr. 
 1865, are in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. Pa¬ 
 pers of Capt. Bulow Marston, inspector general under Cooper, are in the 
 Department of Archives, Louisiana State University. Papers of Charles 
 B. Johnson in the Newberry Library, Chicago, include correspondence, 
 reports, contracts, and vouchers relating to the subsistence of Indians of 
 the Wichita and other agencies. A smaller quantity of similar papers of 
 Johnson are in the University of Arkansas Library. John R. King’s papers, 
 1861-62, in the Archives Division of the Texas State Library concern the 
 procurement of provisions for McCulloch's regiment of mounted riflemen. 
 
 District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona 
 
 In the summer of 1861 Confederate forces under Lt. Col. John R. 
 Baylor occupied the southern part of the Territory of New Mexico and or¬ 
 ganized it as part of the Territory of Arizona. The Army of New Mexico 
 under Brig. Gen. Henry H. Sibley advanced northward and occupied Santa 
 Fe briefly during Mar. - Apr. 1862 but was driven out of both territories in 
 the summer. U.S. forces remained in control in those territories. The 
 District of Texas, which was set up in Aug. 1862 under the Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Department, became part of the District of Texas, New Mexico, and 
 Arizona in Dec. 1862. In 1863 prisoner-of-war camps were established in 
 Texas at Camp Ford near Tyler and at Camp Groce near Hempstead. 
 
 Successive commanders of the district: 
 
 Brig. Gen. Paul O. Hubert, Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, Oct. 20, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John G. Walker, Aug. 6, 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, Mar. 31, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books. Dec. 1, 1862-May 22, 1865 
 (ch. n, vols. 121-128 and 130-133); telegrams sent. Mar. 22, 1864-May 22, 
 1865 (ch. n, vols. 136-138); letters received, reports, and other papers, 
 
 1861- 65 (8 in.); letters received, Oct. 1, 1862-Dec. 27, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 
 251); letters received from the War Department, Nov. 14, 1862-Aug. 26, 
 
 1864 (ch. n, vol. 252); correspondence and telegrams of General Magruder, 
 
 1862- 64 (3 in.); telegrams received, 1861-65 (6 in.); endorsements on let¬ 
 ters received, July 1863-May 1865 (ch. H, vols. 139 and 141-149); general 
 orders issued, Dec. 11, 1862-Nov. 8, 1863 (ch. H, vols. 246-248); general 
 orders and circulars issued, Jan. 25-Dec. 31, 1863, and Jan. 1-May 26, 
 
 1865 (ch. n, vols. 113 and 114); special orders issued, Dec. 1, 1862-May 
 22, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 103-106, 106 1/2, 107, 108, 110, 111, and 118); extracts 
 of special orders received, July 9, 1862-Dec. 22, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 256 
 1/2); a record of men detailed, 1864-65 (ch. H, vol. 254); a statement of 
 enlisted men detailed in staff departments, 1862-63 (ch. H, vol. 253); a 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 297 
 
 record of orders and blank forms furnished, 1863-65 (ch. II, vol. 255); and 
 an index to special orders issued, apparently by a Texas command (ch. E, 
 vol. 244). 
 
 Martin H. Hall, ’’The Muster in Sibley’s New Mexico Campaign, 
 Rolls of the Army of New Mexico, ” p. 227-329 (Austin, 1960). 
 
 Record Group 365 . - -Letters received by the headquarters of the De¬ 
 partment of Texas and the District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona 
 from Maj. Sackfield Maclin and other correspondence, Oct. 8, 1861-Mar. 
 
 24, 1865 (1 in.), relating to him are with the records of the Texas Cotton 
 Office (Letters Received, file 4013). Major Maclin served as the chief 
 quartermaster in the Department of Texas in 1861, as principal commissary 
 of subsistence and chief ordnance officer in 1862-63, and as chief purchas¬ 
 ing commissary for the State of Texas in 1863-65. 
 
 Correspondence, Mar. 1862-Oct. 1864, of military authorities with 
 foreign consuls and attorneys relates to the conscription of aliens and their 
 discharge from military service. Correspondence, Mar. 1863, of Brig. 
 
 Gen. Hamilton P. Bee concerns relations with Mexicans along the Rio 
 Grande. Some miscellaneous correspondence and papers include material 
 on the mustering of Capt. Ashbel Smith’s company, material concerning 
 John S. Greer, ordnance officer at Fort Brown, and a letter, Nov. 30, 1863, 
 of Colin J. McRae with a copy of a contract between Maj. William H. Haynes, 
 Chief of the Clothing Bureau of the Trans-Mississippi Department, and 
 John Chiles of St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --General and special orders issued by 
 Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, Dec. 1862-Mar. 1863, are in the Texas Ar¬ 
 chives of the University of Texas Library. In the Library of Congress is a 
 correspondence book of Brig. Gen. Hamilton P. Bee, Feb. 3-May 17, 1863, 
 containing copies of his correspondence with Gov. Albino Lopez of Tamau- 
 lipas, Mex., concerning an extradition treaty, the passage of armed parties 
 across the border, and other matters. In the same repository are papers 
 of Col. James A. Bourland, commander of a cavalry regiment, concerning 
 activities on the Red River. Records of Col. John S. Ford, 2d Texas cav¬ 
 alry, in the Archives Division of the Texas State Library include letters- 
 sent books, Feb. 18-Apr. 25, Sept. 22-Nov. 29, 1864, and Aug. 24-Dec. 30, 
 1864 (3 vols.), and general and special orders issued by Colonel Ford, Apr. 
 1863-May 1865. Ford’s memoirs in the Texas Archives of the University 
 of Texas Library contain some documents of the war period. Papers of 
 Col. John R. Baylor are in the Department of Archives, Louisiana State 
 University. Records of Capt. James M. Holmsley, who served in Texas, 
 in the University of Texas Library include orders, returns, lists, invoices, 
 and letters, 1861-64. A folder of papers of Capt. John R. King, Jan. 11, 
 1861-Nov. 11, 1862, in the Archives Division of the Texas State Library con¬ 
 cern his activities as commissary of Col. H. E. McCulloch’s regiment of 
 mounted riflemen. A. R. Roessler’s narrative descriptions of military 
 routes of the Confederate Army in Texas are in the same repository. Pa¬ 
 pers of Maj. William T. Mechling in the University of Texas Library (Jere¬ 
 miah Y. Dashiell papers) concern his service in Texas. Correspondence 
 and papers of Capt. Milton G. Howe, Jan. 3, 1863-May 9, 1865 (4 in.), in 
 the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library concern engineering 
 duties performed by Howe with Co. E, 1st Battalion, engineer troops at 
 Galveston and Houston. A correspondence and order book. Sept. 1862- 
 
298 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 May 1865, of the military headquarters at Tyler, Tex., is in the custody 
 of F. Lee Lawrence of Tyler. Correspondence and other papers of Surg. 
 George Cuppler, 1861-63 (100 items), are in the Archives Division of the 
 Texas State Library. Letters of Edward A. Pye, who served as a surgeon 
 in hospitals at Niblett’s Bluff, Beaumont, and Houston have been published 
 (Frank E. Vandiver, ed., "Letters from the Confederate Medical Service 
 in Texas, 1863-1865, " Southwestern Historical Quarterly , 55:378-393, 459- 
 474 (Jan., Apr. 1952). 
 
 A record of a military commission that met at San Antonio to try per¬ 
 sons suspected of being Unionists is in the University of Texas Library and 
 has been published (Alwyn Barr, ed., "Records of the Confederate Military 
 Commission in San Antonio, July 2-October 10, 1862, " Southwestern His ¬ 
 torical Quarterly , 70:93-109, 289-313, 623-644(July, Oct. 1966, Apr. 1967). 
 A letters-sent book, Dec. 1862-May 1864, of the chief engineer of the 
 Eastern Subdistrict of Texas is in the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 
 
 District of West Louisiana 
 
 On Aug. 20, 1862, that part of the State of Louisiana west of the Mis¬ 
 sissippi was established as the District of West Louisiana. It was consoli¬ 
 dated with the District of Arkansas on Apr. 19, 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of the district: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor, Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John G. Walker, June 10, 1864. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, Aug. 4, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109.--Letters sent, Jan. 13-Feb. 22, 1864 (ch. n, vols. 
 75 and 76), a transcript of a press copy book made in 1874. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A letters-sent and order book of Major 
 General Taylor, Apr. 11-May 19, 1864, is in the Louisiana Historical Asso¬ 
 ciation collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tu- 
 lane University. In the same library are the records of Col. Joseph L. 
 Brent as chief of ordnance and artillery, including letters-sent books, Oct. 
 22, 1862-Oct. 11, 1864 (2 vols.); letters received, Jan. 27, 1862-May 14, 
 1865, with drafts of some letters sent; and miscellaneous papers, Jan. 5, 
 1862-May 16, 1865, consisting of orders, invoices of ordnance and ordnance 
 stores, receipts, reports, returns, abstracts of disbursements, estimates 
 of harness and horses required, reports of the workshop at Jackson's 
 bridge, summary statements of work done at the New Iberia arsenal, and 
 reports of artillery operations. Letters sent by Brig. Gen. Joseph L. 
 
 Brent as commander. Forces Front Lines, Apr. 18-June 3, 1865 (2 note¬ 
 books), and special orders of Brent’s Louisiana cavalry brigade, Nov. 14, 
 1864-May 27, 1865 (1 vol.), are also in that library. Correspondence and 
 orders of Joseph L. Brent, July 1862-May 1865 (3 in.), are in the Louisiana 
 Adjutant General's Office, Jackson Barracks, New Orleans, where there 
 are also other records of Brent's brigade, Jan.-May 1865 (4 in.). Corre¬ 
 spondence and other documents, 1861-1905, of Brent are in the Henry E. 
 Huntington Library. A letter book of Capt. J. W. Sims, post quartermas¬ 
 ter at Natchitoches, and papers of Capt. David F. Boyd, chief engineer of 
 the District, are in the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State Uni¬ 
 versity. 
 
TERRITORIAL COMMANDS AND ARMIES 
 
 299 
 
 Army of the West 
 
 Organized on Mar. 4, 1862, the Army of the West consisted largely 
 of the Missouri State Guard. After fighting in Arkansas the Army of the 
 West crossed to the eastern side of the Mississippi and was united with the 
 Army of Tennessee at the battle of Corinth in Oct. 1862. 
 
 Successive commanders of the Army of the West: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, Mar. 4, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John P. McCown, June 20, 1862. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Dabney H. Maury, June 27, 1862. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, July 3, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109.- -Endorsements on letters received. May 12-Dec. 
 31, 1862 (ch. II, vol. 180); general and special orders and circulars issued. 
 Mar.-Dec. 1862 (1 in.); rosters of officers, 1861-62 (ch. I, vols. 107 1/4 
 and 108 1/2); letters sent and general and special orders issued by the artil¬ 
 lery brigade, Apr. -July 1862 (ch. n, vol. 266), containing copies of letters 
 signed by Col. M. L. Clark, Lt. Col. James P. Major, and Col. George 
 W. McCown; and general and special orders received by Col. M. L. Clark, 
 chief of artillery, Feb. -Aug. 1862 (ch. 11, vol. 212); returns of ordnance 
 and ordnance stores. Brig. Gen. Martin Green’s brigade, Bowen’s division, 
 1862 (ch. IV, vol. 131); and a record of quartermaster stores transferred 
 to Capt. J. E. Klumph, Sept. 1, 1862-May 30, 1863, and accounts of quar¬ 
 termaster stores supplied to various officers. Sept. 1862-May 1863 (ch. V, 
 vol. 213). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Minnesota Historical Society col¬ 
 lections is an order book, 1862-64 (2 vols.), containing copies of general 
 and special orders issued by Brig. Gen. D. H. Maury and others. A let- 
 ters-sent book, Aug. 6, 1862-Dec. 1, 1863, containing copies of letters by 
 Brig. Gens. John S. Bowen, Francis M. Cockrell, and Martin E. Green is 
 in the Virginia Historical Society collections. Papers of Maj. John Reid, 
 who served as chief of subsistence to General Price during 1862-63, are in 
 the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State University. 
 
 Department of the West 
 
 Established on Nov. 24, 1862, this department embraced in the next 
 year the region west of the line between Georgia and Alabama to the Missis¬ 
 sippi River, north to the Tennessee River and the Kentucky border, and 
 south to the Gulf. 
 
 The commander of this department was Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. 
 Record Group 109.--A letters-sent book, Feb. 16-Dec. 16, 1863 (ch. 
 n, vol. 18 1/4); copies of telegrams sent, June-Dee. 1863 (ch. H, vol. 
 
 236 3/4); letters and telegrams received, 1862-63 (1 in.); general and spe- 
 cila orders and circulars issued, Dec. 1862-Dec. 1863 (1 in.); and special 
 orders issued, May-Aug. 25, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 181). 
 
 Military Division of the West 
 
 On Oct. 17, 1864, Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard assumed command 
 of the Military Division of the West which comprised the Department of 
 Tennessee and Georgia commanded by Gen. John B. Hood and the Depart¬ 
 ment of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana commanded by Lt. Gen. 
 Richard Taylor. 
 
300 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Record Group 109. - -General and special orders and special field or¬ 
 ders and circulars issued, 1864-65 (1/4 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody .—Letters-sent books, Oct. 23, 1864-Mar. 
 
 7, 1865 (3 vols.); telegrams sent, Oct. 18, 1864-Mar. 17, 1865 (1vol.); and gen¬ 
 eral orders issued, Oct. 17, 1864-Feb. 4, 1865 (1 vol.), are in the Louisiana 
 Historical Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial 
 Library of Tulane University. Letters-sent books, Oct. 11, 1864-Mar. 16, 
 1865 (2 vols.); letters sent and orders issued, Feb. 11-Apr. 10, 1865 (1vol.); 
 special orders issued, Oct. 18-Dec. 30, 1864 (1 vol.); field orders, Oct. 
 
 23, 1864-Mar. 6, 1865 (1 vol.); and letters sent by Maj. Henry Bryan, as¬ 
 sistant inspector general, Nov. 30, 1864-Mar. 9, 1865 (1 vol.), are in the 
 Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 Western Department 
 
 The Western Department, also called Department No. 2, was estab¬ 
 lished on June 25, 1861. Its boundaries were frequently changed and it in¬ 
 cluded at times all or parts of the States of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, 
 Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri. In Jan. 1862 the Trans- 
 Mississippi District, embracing parts of Louisiana, Indian Territory, Ar¬ 
 kansas, and Missouri, was established within the Western Department. 
 
 That district was transferred in May 1862 to the Trans-Mississippi Depart¬ 
 ment. In Mar. 1862 the Army of the Mississippi under Gen. Braxton Bragg 
 was organized in the Western Department, and in Nov. 1862 it was renamed 
 the Army of Tennessee. In July 1863 the Western Department was designa¬ 
 ted the Department of Tennessee. Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow was assigned 
 to a Volunteer and Conscript Bureau in this department on Jan. 14, 1863. 
 
 It acted independently of the Bureau of Conscription in Richmond until it 
 was abolished in Dec. 1863. 
 
 Arrangements were also made for examining political prisoners. 
 General Johnston appointed Judge John J. Burnham of Kentucky and Maj. J. 
 
 J. Williams, a provost marshal, to hear and determine the cases of persons 
 held by military authorities. A departmental order of June 8, 1862, direc¬ 
 ted the formation of a military commission at Columbus, Miss., to investi¬ 
 gate charges against political prisoners. 
 
 Successive commanders of the department: 
 
 Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk, July 13, 1861. 
 
 Gen. Albert S. Johnston, Sept. 15, 1861. 
 
 Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Apr. 6, 1862. 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, June 17, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Letters and telegrams sent. Sept. 14, 1861-Apr. 
 
 3, 1862 (ch. II, part of vol. 217 and vol. 218); copies of letters and tele¬ 
 grams received. May 6, 1861-Apr. 4, 1862 (ch. II, vol. 217, p. 417-441); 
 registers of letters received, 1861-62 (ch. H, vol. 158 1/2); endorsements 
 on letters received, Aug.-Sept. 1862 (ch. n, vol. 19 3/4); telegrams re¬ 
 ceived and sent, 1861-62 (8 in.); general and special orders and circulars 
 issued, 1861-63 (5 in.); orders and special orders issued, Oct. 24, 1862- 
 Mar. 22, 1862 (ch. n, vol. 220); special orders, Sept. 15-Oct. 23, 1861 
 (ch. n, vol. 217, p. 261-280); letters sent by Maj. J. F. Gilmer, chief 
 engineer, Nov. 11, 1861-Jan. 28, 1862 (ch. HI, vol. 8, p. 1-42); a record of 
 discharges on surgeon’s certificate of disability, July-Sept. 1861 (ch. H, 
 vol. 217, p. 2-7); letters and telegrams sent, Trans-Mississippi District, 
 Feb.-Apr. 1862 (ch. H, vol. 271); and letters sent. Western Department 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 301 
 
 and Army of the Mississippi, Sept. 1861-Aug. 1862 (2 in.). 
 
 Records of the Volunteer and Conscript Bureau include letters and 
 orders, Jan.-May 1863 (ch. I, vol. 260, p. 130-512); letters sent by Brig. 
 Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, Jan. 17, 1863-May 30, 1864 (1/3 in.); letters and 
 dispatches received, Feb. 6-Sept. 2, 1863 (1/4 in.); telegrams received, 
 
 Jan. 1863-May 1864 (3 in.); orders and circulars issued, Feb. 3-Aug. 10, 
 
 1863 (1/4 in.); orders and circulars received, Jan. -Dec. 1863 (1 in.); and 
 a register of supernumerary officers ordered for conscript duty, a list of 
 officers commanding rendezvous, reports of officers commanding rendez¬ 
 vous, and an undated list of rendezvous (ch. Vm, vol. 358, p. 51-59, 60, 
 62-63, and 86) 
 
 Records in Other Custody. —Records of the Western Department in 
 the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit in the Howard- 
 Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University include letters-sent books. 
 Sept. 14, 1861-Apr. 4, 1862, and Oct. 24, 1861-Mar. 19, 1862 (2 vols.); 
 special orders issued, Oct. 24, 1861-Mar. 28, 1862 (1 vol.); and general 
 orders issued, Apr. 30-Aug. 24, 1862 (1 vol.). The same repository has 
 papers of Gen. A. S. Johnston, Sept; 1861-Apr. 1862, including correspond¬ 
 ence, telegrams, and orders; and copies of correspondence, telegrams, 
 and memoranda exchanged between Generals Johnston and Beauregard, Mar. 
 2-17, 1862 (1 vol.). A few other papers of General Johnston are in the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress. A letter and order book of the Okolona (Miss.) Ord¬ 
 nance Depot, July 8-Oct. 19, 1862, in Emory University Library contains 
 copies of letters sent by Capt. John T. Champneys and Lt. M. Levy, letters 
 received, and orders. Correspondence of Maj. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, 
 June-Oct. 1863, is in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. 
 
 REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 An act of Feb. 28, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 43), authorized the 
 President to receive into the service of the Confederate Government as part 
 of the Provisional Army of the Confederate States such forces in the service 
 of the States as might be tendered or that might volunteer for not less than 
 12 months. They could be received as companies, battalions, or regiments. 
 Additional legislation for the purpose of recruiting and reenlisting volun¬ 
 teers was enacted on Mar. 6, May 8, Aug. 8, and Dec. 11, 1861, and Jan. 
 
 27, 1862 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stats. 45, 104, 176, 223, and 254). The Con¬ 
 federate Army was largely composed of volunteers raised under this legis¬ 
 lation, and almost all the regiments enrolled in 1861 continued in service 
 throughout the war. 
 
 The sources available in the States for service in the Confederate 
 Government included the militia, old volunteer organizations, and new volunteer 
 organizations. State militia systems were based on the Federal militia act 
 of 1792 which with some exemptions required all men between 18 and 45 
 years of age to undergo military training. Men enrolled in the company and 
 regiment of the districts in which they lived. The militia in the States be¬ 
 came greatly depleted because of volunteering, drafts, and the conscription 
 acts. Old volunteer organizations included the Washington Artillery of New 
 Orleans, the Richmond Howitzers, the Chatham Artillery of Savannah, the 
 Richmond Light Infantry Blues, the Alexandria Riflemen, and the Norfolk 
 Light Artillery. Most such organizations were promptly mustered into Con¬ 
 federate service and some were soon on the way to northern Virginia. Under 
 legislation adopted in 1861 the States organized new volunteer bodies to 
 
302 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 meet the Confederate Government's calls for volunteers. Thus, for ex¬ 
 ample, by July 18, 1861, North Carolina had transferred 14 volunteer regi¬ 
 ments organized under its act of May 1, 1861. 
 
 An act of Mar. 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 47), provided for 
 the establishment and organization of a Regular Army in the Confederacy 
 to be composed of one corps of engineers, one corps of artillery, six regi¬ 
 ments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and the staff departments al¬ 
 ready established. All Regular Army officers were to be appointed by the 
 President and the rank and file were to be enlisted for not less than 3 nor 
 more than 5 years. A total of 750 officers and cadets were appointed in 
 the Regular Army, but efforts to enlist privates were largely unsuccessful. 
 The officers were assigned to duty with the Provisional Army. 
 
 Further legislation added other types of military organizations to the 
 Confederate Army. Regiments and battalions of cavalry, infantry, and 
 mounted rifles were raised among the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, 
 Creek, Seminole, and Osage Indians who inhabitated the country west of 
 Arkansas and became confederated in 1861 with the Confederacy. In May 
 1861 Congress authorized mustering companies of light artillery into Confed¬ 
 erate service. A Corps of Engineers originally authorized for the Provi¬ 
 sional Army in Dec. 1861 was enlarged by an act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. 
 C.S. A. Stat. 49). An act of Mar. 20, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A, Stat. 98), au¬ 
 thorized the organization of companies of engineer troops into regiments 
 of ten companies each. Two companies in each regiment were to be ponto- 
 nier companies each of which was to be furnished with bridge trains. A 
 Signal Corps that originated in Apr. 1862 was enlarged in September of that 
 year. Bands of partisan rangers that were organized under the authority of 
 an act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 48), were usually mounted on 
 detached duty; they became so troublesome to loyal Confederates that they 
 were abolished in Feb. 1864, except for those operating in enemy territory. 
 An act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 51), authorized the organiza¬ 
 tion of battalions of sharpshooters who were to be armed with long-range 
 muskets or rifles. Though legislative provision had been made on Aug. 21, 
 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 186), for the employment by the Confederacy 
 of volunteers for local defense in the States, such troops were not mustered 
 into Confederate service until 1863 (AIGO General Order 86, June 22, 1863). 
 The organization of the local defense corps was to conform to that pre¬ 
 scribed for companies, battalions, and regiments of the Provisional Army; 
 only infantry and cavalry were to be organized and the latter had to furnish 
 their own horses. They were not to go beyond the limits of their States and 
 were to serve only for periods of emergency. The work of the corps of 
 officers authorized on Apr. 11, 1862, for the procurement of niter is de¬ 
 scribed above under the section on the Niter and Mining Bureau. 
 
 An act of Feb. 17, 1864 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 211), provided for the 
 conscription of 17-year-old youths and men between the ages of 45 and 50 
 and their enrollment in State reserve forces for local defense and detail 
 duty under Confederate control. The Bureau of Conscription enrolled, or¬ 
 ganized, and mustered the reserves which thereafter came under the con¬ 
 trol of generals of reserves appointed by the President. Reserve forces 
 were used as prison guards and as reinforcements for active forces under 
 the command of district, department, or army commanders. AIGO General 
 Order 63 of Aug. 6, 1864, required detailed men including those between 
 the ages of 18 and 45 to report to generals of reserves to be organized into 
 companies and regiments, and the order allowed men who were exempted 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 303 
 
 also to enroll in these companies. Early in 1865 the generals of reserves 
 were directed to employ men in apprehending deserters and absentees. 
 
 When the Bureau of Conscription was abolished in Mar. 1865, the generals 
 of reserves were given charge of conscription. 
 
 Generals of reserves: 
 
 Alabama: Maj. Gen. Jones M. Withers, Apr. 30, 1864. 
 
 Florida: Maj. Gen. James P. Anderson, Apr. 30, 1864. 
 
 Brig. Gen. William Miller, Sept. 8, 1864. 
 
 Georgia: Maj. Gen. Howell Cobb, Mar. 30, 1864. 
 
 Mississippi: Brig. Gen. William L. Brandon, July 23, 1864. 
 
 North Carolina: Lt. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes, Apr. 18, 1864. 
 
 South Carolina: Brig. Gen. James Chesnut, Jr., Apr. 30, 1864. 
 
 Texas: Brig. Gen. Jerome B. Robertson, June 24, 1864. 
 
 Virginia: Brig. Gen. James L. Kemper, Apr. 30, 1864. 
 
 Regiments and companies kept the same kinds of records. Regiments 
 recorded general and special orders issued and received. Outgoing letters 
 were copied into letters-sent books, and letters received were filed in or¬ 
 der and registered. Rosters were used to record officers' names, rank, 
 dates of commission, and personnel 'actions. Other records that were kept 
 by regimental officers are described below. Descriptive books of companies 
 contain lists of officers and noncommissioned officers showing name, rank, 
 date of appointment, promotion, and death. These books also contain reg¬ 
 isters of transfers, discharges, deaths, and desertions, and company rolls 
 that give physical descriptions of men, enlistment information, and remarks 
 as to discharge, death, promotion, capture, transfer, and wounds. Cloth¬ 
 ing account books show the name and rank of men, date and place of enlist¬ 
 ment, articles of clothing issued and their value, and signatures of men 
 and of witnesses. Order books contain special and general orders and cir¬ 
 culars. Morning reports give information regarding the number of officers, 
 noncommissioned officers, and men present or absent, and the number 
 sick, under arrest, detached on leave, absent without leave, deceased, dis¬ 
 charged, transferred, resigned, or returned to service. These records are 
 often in the same volume. The company records sometimes supply infor¬ 
 mation as to the name of company officers and superior officers, the geo¬ 
 graphical locations of the companies, affiliations with higher commands, 
 and nicknames. 
 
 C. E. Dornbusch, Military 
 Bibliography of the Civil War, Vol ¬ 
 ume 2, Regimental Publications and 
 Personal Narratives: Southern, Bor ¬ 
 
 der, and Western States and Terri ¬ 
 tories; Federal Troops, Union and 
 Confederate Biographies (New York, 
 1967). Adam R. Johnson, The Par ¬ 
 tisan Rangers of the Confederate 
 States Army , William J. Davis, ed. 
 
 (Louisville, 1904), contains a roster 
 of the rangers on p. 308-342. James 
 L. Nichols, Confederate Engineers 
 (Tuscaloosa, 1957); U. S. War Depart- 
 ment. Local Designations of Confed¬ 
 erate Troops [Washington, n. d. |; 
 Richard P. Weinert, "The Confeder¬ 
 ate Regular Army, " Military Affairs, 
 26:97-107 (Fall 1962). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Records relating to Confederate military 
 organizations are in many repositories. These are usually diverse in con¬ 
 tent, but they are often arranged systematically, making it possible for the 
 repositories to furnish specific information. A collection of regimental 
 papers of U.S. and Confederate organizations in the W. P. Palmer 
 
304 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 collection in the Western Reserve Historical Society contains correspond¬ 
 ence, official orders, muster rolls, ordnance and quartermaster reports, 
 lists of casualties, memoirs, diaries, and descriptions of engagements. 
 
 A collection of records concerning Mississippi organizations is in the Mis¬ 
 sissippi Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Records of Alabama Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A register of patients of the 17th Infantry, Dec. 
 1863-Nov. 1864 (ch. VDI, vol. 5); a clothing account book of Company A, 
 
 19th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 37); a clothing account book of Com¬ 
 pany B, 24th Infantry, 1861-64 (ch. Vni, vol. 42); an account book of ex¬ 
 penditures of Company I, 24th Infantry, 1861-63 (ch. Vni, vol. 39); morn¬ 
 ing reports of Company F, 25th Infantry, Nov. 1863-Mar. 1864 (ch. VEH, 
 vol. 38 3/4); statistical morning-strength reports of Company G, 25th In¬ 
 fantry, Dec. 1861-Dec. 1863 (ch. Vm, vol. 38 1/2); a clothing account book 
 of Company G, 25th Alabama Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 38), with a 
 muster roll of Oct. 14, 1861; a clothing account book of Company E, 28th 
 Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. VIH, vol. 40); a descriptive roll of men and a cloth¬ 
 ing account of the 34th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. VTH, vol. 43); a roster of of¬ 
 ficers and men of the 34th Infantry, 1862 (ch. I, vol. 109); with copies of 
 special orders issued; a clothing account book of Company C, 39th Infantry, 
 1862-64 (ch. Vin, vol. 41); a record book of Company H, 39th Infantry, 1862- 
 64 (ch. vm, vol. 44), containing descriptive lists of men, reports of ord¬ 
 nance stores, lists of men absent and furloughed, and certificates relating 
 to enlistments; a roster of officers of the 39th Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. I, vol. 
 108); a record book of Company C, 45th Infantry, and Company G, 1st In¬ 
 fantry, 1862-65 (ch. vm, vol. 4), containing for Company C a descriptive 
 roll of men, a record of clothing and equipment issued, and lists of men, 
 and for Company G a muster roll. 
 
 James G. Terry, comp., 
 ’’Record of the Alabama State Artil¬ 
 lery from Its Organization in May 
 1836 to the Surrender in April 1865 
 
 and from Its Re-organization Jany 
 1872 to Jany 1875, ” Alabama Histori 
 cal Quarterly, 20:141-443 (Summer 
 1958). 
 
 Records of Arkansas Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Clothing account book of Company D, 1st Mounted 
 Riflemen, 1861-62 (ch. VIH, vol. 45). 
 
 Muster rolls appear in the 
 following publications: Calvin L. 
 Collier, ’’ They’ll Do To Tie To!” ; 
 the Story of the Third Regiment Ar - 
 kansas Infantry, C.S.A., p. 15-32 
 (Little Rock? 1959); V. Y. Cook, 
 ’’List of General and Field Officers, 
 Arkansas Troops, C. S. A., and State 
 
 Troops, ” Arkansas Historical Asso ¬ 
 ciation Publications , 1:411-422(1906); 
 John C. Hammock, With Honor Un¬ 
 tarnished; the Story of the ^irst Ar¬ 
 kansas Infantry Regiment, Confeder - 
 ate States Army, p. 143-158 (Little 
 Rock, 1961). 
 
 Records of Florida Troops 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A list of deserters of the 11th Infantry, 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 305 
 
 May 4, 1864-Feb. 15, 1865, is in the Buffalo and Erie County Historical 
 Society collections. 
 
 Records of Georgia Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. —An undated roster of commissioned and noncom¬ 
 missioned officers of the 10th Infantry (ch. I, vol. 111). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The records noted here are in the Georgia 
 Historical Society collections. Records of the Chatham Artillery (Capt. 
 Joseph S. Claghorn’s company of artillery detached from the 1st Georgia 
 Volunteers) include a register, 1861-65 (1 vol.), containing lists of commis¬ 
 sioned and noncommissioned officers, men transferred, discharged, de¬ 
 ceased, and deserted, and a descriptive roll of men; a roll book, 1861-65, 
 containing a record of enrollments, discharges, deaths, promotions, trans¬ 
 fers, desertions, and departures from Savannah; a clothing account book, 
 Jan. 1863-Apr. 1865; and some clothing receipts, muster rolls, and pro¬ 
 ceedings of general courts-martial convened at James Island, S. C. Other 
 records include general and special orders issued by the headquarters of 
 the 24th Battalion Georgia Cavalry (Randolph Rangers, Capt. Edward C. 
 Anderson, Jr.), Aug. 6, 1863-Mar. 30, 1864 (1 vol.); a record book of Com¬ 
 pany A, 1st Georgia Volunteers (Irish Jasper Greens), containing minutes 
 of meetings at Savannah, Jan. 31, 1856-Jan. 30, 1862, lists of men who 
 served at Fort Pulaski, 1861, and rolls of men mustered into Confederate 
 service, 1861-62; a regimental order book of the 47th Infantry, Cols. G. 
 
 W. M. Williams and A. C. Edwards commanding, July 9-Nov. 29, 1864, 
 containing general and special orders issued at the regimental and post 
 headquarters at Secessionville, S. C., and other orders and circulars re¬ 
 ceived from the headquarters of the 7th Military District, West Lines, East 
 Lines, and the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida; corre¬ 
 spondence, orders, and other documents of the same regiment, 1862-64; a 
 regimental report book, Oct. 1861-Jan. 1862, of Col. C. B. Harkie, appar¬ 
 ently with the 55th Infantry; and a map of the environs of Vicksburg, June 
 1, 1863. 
 
 Materials documenting Howell Cobb’s services as general of the re¬ 
 serve forces of Georgia and, after Sept. 28, 1864, as commander of the 
 Military District of Georgia and also his activities during 1863-64 in orga¬ 
 nizing the Georgia militia are among his papers in the University of Geor¬ 
 gia Library. They include letters-sent books. Sept. 12, 1863-Apr. 18, 1865 
 (4 vols.), containing copies of letters and telegrams; endorsements on let¬ 
 ters forwarded, Apr. 1864-Apr. 1865 (2 vols.); special orders issued, Apr. 
 14, 1864-Apr. 17, 1865 (1 vol.); and letters received and other papers, 1861- 
 65. 
 
 Records of Kentucky Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Undated quartermaster accounts relating to arti¬ 
 cles issued to the 2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 9th Infantry (ch. VIH, vols. 67 
 and 68); quartermaster accounts of stores issued to the same regiments, 
 
 Dec. 1863-1865 (ch. VIH, vol. 72), with a report on horses and mules in 
 the 9th; quartermaster accounts, 4th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. VEI, vol. 70); 
 a transportation account, a record of requisitions, an account of clothing 
 sold to officers, and a record of the disbursement of pay to officers of the 
 4th and other Kentucky regiments; quartermaster accounts of W. S. 
 
306 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Phillips, 4thInfantry, 1862 (ch. Vm, vol. 71), containing a record of stores 
 issued to the companies, cash accounts, clothing accounts, a list of arti¬ 
 cles received, and a list of Negroes hired as regimental cooks; and a cloth¬ 
 ing account book of Company C, 4th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 69). 
 
 Records of Louisiana Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. —A medical record book of the 7th Infantry, Aug. - 
 Dec. 1861 (ch. VI, part of vol. 37), containing statistical reports of sick 
 and wounded men, lists of men discharged on surgeon’s certificates, lists 
 of deaths, and reports of Surg. S. A. Smith to the medical director of the 
 Army of the Potomac; a clothing account book of the 7th Infantry, Oct. -Dec. 
 
 1862 (ch. V, vol. 205); and quartermaster’s cash accounts, 1863-64 (ch. V, 
 vol. 486). Miscellaneous record books of the Louisiana brigade commanded 
 by Brig. Gens. Daniel W. Adams and Randall L. Gibson, 1862-65 (ch. n, 
 vols. 302-304), contain orders, letters, lists, battle reports, circulars, 
 memoranda, and strength returns. These books relate to the brigade’s 
 service in the Army of Tennessee, the Army of the Mississippi, and the 
 District of the Gulf. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Records of the Washington Artillery Bat¬ 
 talion of New Orleans in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on 
 deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University in¬ 
 clude correspondence, orders, circulars, instructions, and court-martial 
 proceedings, 1861-65 (2 in.); a minute book, Nov. 8, 1860-Mar. 7, 1862; 
 statistical morning-strength reports, 1861-63 (2 vols.); 5th Company re¬ 
 cords, Mar. 11, 1862-May 8, 1865 (2 vols.); and extracts from Brig. Gen. 
 Randall L. Gibson’s dispatches from Spanish Fort, Mar. -Apr. 1865. A 
 miscellaneous record book of Company A, 2d Cavalry, 1863-65, in the De¬ 
 partment of Archives of Louisiana State University contains muster and 
 payroll notes; records of clothing issues, furloughs, and details; and copies 
 of special orders. A record book of Company D, 1st Infantry, 1862-64, in 
 the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University contains lists of 
 officers and noncommissioned officers, registers of transfers, deaths, de¬ 
 sertions, and a descriptive roll of enlisted men. General and special or¬ 
 ders of the 2d Infantry, 1861, are in the Department of Archives of the Lou¬ 
 isiana State University. Orders issued and received and circulars received 
 of the 7th Infantry, Oct. 2, 1862-Jan. 22, 1864 (1 vol.), are in the New York 
 Public Library. Muster rolls of Company D, 16th Infantry, Mar. 1862-Dec. 
 1863, and other muster rolls of Company H of that regiment, July 1862-Apr. 
 
 1863 and July-Dee. 1863, are in the Department of Archives of the Louisi¬ 
 ana State University. A letter and order book of the Crescent Regiment, 
 Louisiana Infantry, Sept. 12, 1862-Sept. 13, 1863, is in the Louisiana His¬ 
 torical Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial 
 Library of Tulane University. 
 
 John S. Kendall, ed., ”Mus- ate States Army, ” Louisiana Histori- 
 ter Rolls of the Fourth Louisiana cal Quarterly , 30:381-522 (Apr. 1947). 
 Regiment of Volunteers, Confeder- 
 
 Records of Mississippi Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Statistical morning-strength reports of the 3d 
 Infantry, Nov. 14, 1861-June 3, 1862 (ch. I, vol. 140); a descriptive book 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 307 
 
 of Company D, 7th Infantry, 1861-63 (ch. Vni, vol. 102); a descriptive book 
 of Company G, 7th Infantry, 1861-62 (ch. VEH, vol. 50); a record book of 
 Company H, 7th Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. VUE, vol. 311), containing ordnance 
 and clothing accounts and muster rolls and payrolls; statistical morning- 
 strength reports of Company H, 7th Infantry, Oct. 1861-May 1864 (ch. I, vol. 
 141); statistical morning-strength reports and inventories of ordnance stores. 
 Company I, 7th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. IV, vol. 110); a record book of the 7th 
 and 9th Infantry, 1863 (ch. VUE, vol. 101), containing morning reports, ros¬ 
 ters and lists of officers and men, and quartermaster and ordnance accounts 
 daily reports of camp guards and rosters of officers, 7th and 9th Infantry, 
 Feb. 1862-June 1863 (ch. VIE, vol. 360); a medical record book of the 21st 
 Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. VI, vol. 295), containing statistical reports of sick 
 and wounded men, a register of patients, invoices of medical and hospital 
 supplies, and lists of casualties at Gettysburg, Pa., and Berryville, Va.; 
 statistical morning-strength reports of Companies A and F, 24th Infantry, 
 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 359); statistical morning-strength reports of Com¬ 
 pany E, 24th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. VUE, vol. 359); general and special 
 orders issued and received, 24th and 29th Infantry, Apr. 24, 1862-May 1, 
 1863 (ch. vm, vol. 98); statistical morning-strength reports, 27th Infantry, 
 1862-63 (ch. vm, vol. 103); statistical morning-strength reports. Company 
 F, 27th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 104); statistical morning-strength 
 reports. Companies H and L, 27th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 359 1/4); 
 a clothing account book of Company H, 29th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 
 47); a clothing account book of Company H, 29th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, 
 vol. 48); general and special orders received, 30th Infantry, Apr. 16, 1862- 
 Apr. 18, 1863 (ch. VHI, vol. 347); statistical morning-strength reports, 
 
 30th Infantry, 1862 (ch. VHI, vol. 359 1/2); statistical morning-strength 
 reports of Company H, 30th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 105); statisti¬ 
 cal morning-strength reports of Company B, 34th Infantry, and Company 
 
 B, 37th Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. Vm, vol. 106); a descriptive book of Com¬ 
 pany H, 34th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 100), with quartermaster and 
 ordnance accounts and a list of men who received bounty payments at Holly 
 Springs, Miss.; a company book of Company A, 40th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. 
 vm, vol. 51), with descriptive records of men and clothing and ordnance 
 accounts; and a company book of Company I, 41st Infantry, 1861-64 (ch. VHI, 
 vol. 95), with descriptive records of men, clothing and ordnance accounts, 
 and copies of a few general orders received in June 1862. Records of the 
 reserve forces of Mississippi include general and special orders issued, 
 
 July 23, 1864-May 5, 1865 (ch. Vm, vols. 279 and 280). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Records of Company M, Wirt Adams 
 Cavalry (Harvey’s Scouts), are in the Wiley N. Nash papers in the Missis¬ 
 sippi State University Library. A few records of the 3d Battalion Missis¬ 
 sippi Cavalry, 1864-65, are in the Mississippi Department of Archives and 
 History. Records of the 10th Infantry in the same repository include general 
 orders, 1861, reports of the guard mounted at Pensacola, May 28, 1861- 
 Mar. 6, 1862, and statistical morning-strength reports. May 28, 1861-Mar. 
 6, 1862. A descriptive book of Company E, 21st Mantry, 1862-65, is in the 
 Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. A record book of Company 
 
 C, 22d Infantry (microfilm), is in the New-York Historical Society collec¬ 
 tions . 
 
308 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Records of Missouri Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. —Clothing account books of Companies C and G, 
 
 1st Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vni, vol. 92); clothing account books of Compa¬ 
 nies A-I, and K, 2d and 6th Infantry, 1863-65 (ch. Vin, vol. 91 in 10 parts); 
 clothing account books of Companies A-H, 3d and 5th Infantry, 1863-65 (ch. 
 Vni, vol. 91 1/2 in 9 parts); and a record book of the 1st Military District, 
 Missouri State Guard, Brig. Gen. M. Jeff Thompson commanding, July 
 1861-June 1862 (ch. n, vol. 207 1/2), containing copies of letters sent, a 
 record of resignations and discharges, reports of operations, and rosters 
 of officers. 
 
 Records of North Carolina Troops 
 
 Record Group 98 . - -Consolidated morning reports of the 1st Infantry Bat¬ 
 talion, Oct. 9, 1861-Feb. 19, 1862, are in vol. 66, N. C. and Va. 9th Army 
 Corps, in Record Group 98 (Records of United States Army Commands). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A descriptive list of the 5th North Carolina State 
 Troops, 1861-62 (ch. Vin, vol. 94); a clothing and descriptive book of Com¬ 
 pany D, 5th State Troops, 1862-63 (ch. VDI, vol. 46); a clothing account 
 book of Company F, 5th State Troops, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 46 1/2); 
 account books, 1861-62 (ch. VIII, vols. 53 and 244), and a clothing account 
 book (ch. Vin, vol. 52) of Company E, 12th State Troops (2d N.C. Volun¬ 
 teers); a clothing and descriptive book (ch. VHI, vol. 54) of Company H, 
 
 12th State Troops (2d N.C. Volunteers), 1863-64; a company book (ch. VHI, 
 vol. 55) of Company K, 12th State Troops (2d N.C. Volunteers), containing 
 a muster roll, a list of men discharged and killed, clothing accounts, and 
 a list of articles drawn by men later killed, discharged, or not accounted 
 for; a company book (ch. VDI, vol. 57) of Company B, 20th State Troops 
 (10th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-65, containing notes on the organization of the 
 company, a list of members, clothing and equipment accounts, and returns 
 of ordnance stores; a company book (ch. VDI, vol. 58 1/2) of Company E, 
 20th State Troops (10th N.C. Volunteers), 1863-65, containing clothing and 
 ordnance accounts, lists of deaths, discharges, transfers, and desertions, 
 and a descriptive roll of officers; a clothing account book (ch. VDI, vol. 
 
 58) of Company I, 20th State Troops (10th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-64; gen¬ 
 eral and special orders issued and received (ch. VIH, vol. 262) by the 23d 
 State Troops (13th N.C. Volunteers), Oct. 22, 1862-Feb. 1, 1865; a record 
 of ordnance and ordnance stores issued to companies of the 23d State Troops 
 (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 64); a company book of Com¬ 
 pany B, 23d State Troops (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-63 (ch. Vm, vol. 
 
 66), containing lists of deaths and discharges and men who received bounty 
 payments, reports of ordnance stores issued, clothing and ordnance ac¬ 
 counts, and copies of letters, orders, and circulars; a clothing account 
 book (ch. Vni, vol. 59) of Company D, 23d State Troops (13th N.C. Volun¬ 
 teers), 1861-65; a clothing account book (ch. VIII, vols. 62 and 63) of Com¬ 
 pany E, 23d State Troops (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1862-65; a clothing and 
 ordnance account book (ch. Vm, vol. 65) of Company F, 23d State Troops 
 (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-63; a clothing account book (ch. VIH, vol. 60) 
 of Company H, 23d State Troops (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-64; a clothing 
 and equipment account book (ch. Vni, vol. 61) of Company K, 23d State 
 Troops (13th N.C. Volunteers), 1861-64; and statisticai morning-strength 
 reports (ch. VEH, vol. 107) of the 60th State Troops, 1862-64. Records of 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 309 
 
 the reserve forces of North Carolina include copies of telegrams sent. May 
 14, 1864-Apr. 10, 1865 (ch. 11, vol. 354); a record of communications sent, 
 Oct. 1864-Feb. 1865 (ch. n, vol. 355); a register of letters received, May- 
 Sept. 1864 (ch. n, vol. 351); endorsements on letters received, June 8, 
 1864-Jan. 30, 1865 (ch. n, vol. 352); and special orders issued. May 16, 
 1864-Apr. 10, 1865 (ch. n, vol. 357). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -A journal of Company B, 10th Artillery, 
 1861-65, and a journal of the 38th State Troops, 1862-64, are with the Hoke 
 papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. A medical record book of the 21st State Troops (11th N. C. 
 Volunteers), 1862-64, in the Confederate Museum contains a register of 
 patients, a list of men killed, monthly reports on surgical cases, a medical 
 examining board record, orders, invoices of medicines and medical sup¬ 
 plies, and summaries of sick and wounded men. Various records relating 
 to the 12th Infantry are in the North Carolina Department of Archives and 
 History. Muster rolls of Company C, 13th State Troops (3d N. C. Volun¬ 
 teers), Feb. 28-June 30, 1862, are in the Buffalo Historical Society collec¬ 
 tions. General order books (2 vols.)'Of the 37th State Troops, 1862-64, 
 containing also some correspondence, and a quartermaster record of the 
 49th State Troops, 1863-64, are in the North Carolina Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History which has an extensive collection of miscellaneous regi¬ 
 mental records. A descriptive roll of Company G, 27th Infantry (Orange 
 Guards of Hillsboro, N. C.), giving service records of officers and privates 
 of the company, is in the Southern Historical Collection in the University 
 of North Carolina Library. It has been published together with letters 
 written from camps in North Carolina and Virginia by James A. Graham, 
 a captain of the company, in H. M. Wagstaff, ed., The James A. Graham 
 Papers, 1861-1884 (Chapel HUl, 1928). 
 
 Records of South Carolina Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A clothing account book, 19th Infantry, 1862 (ch. 
 Vrn, vol. 73), containing also descriptive lists; lists of deaths, discharges, 
 furloughs, resignations, promotions, and absentees; and notes on military 
 action and elections of officers. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Unless otherwise indicated the following 
 records are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South 
 Carolina. A record book of Company E, 1st Artillery, 1862, contains a 
 descriptive roll of men, a roll of men sent to the hospital, a list of clothing 
 issued, and a list of discharges. A file of records (140 items) of the 2d 
 Artillery, June 1862-Nov. 1864, in Emory University Library includes cor¬ 
 respondence, special orders, a list of details, and reports of events, bat¬ 
 tles, operations, and inspections. Record books (2 vols.) of the Washing¬ 
 ton Artillery of Charleston, 1862, contain lists of officers, guns, ammunition, 
 and drivers. A roll of men in the Palmetto Guards (Company I, 2d Infantry) 
 is one compiled in 1926 by the last surviving member of the company. An 
 order book of Company I, 3d Cavalry, Aug. 3, 1862-Nov. 22, 1864, contains 
 general and special orders and circulars received, including some from the 
 2d and 3d Military Districts of South Carolina, and orders issued by the 
 company. A record book of Company K, 4th Infantry, June 1861-Apr. 1862, 
 contains lists of guard and work details and clothing accounts. Muster 
 rolls of Company E, 6th Infantry, 1862-63, and a roll of honor and roll of 
 officers of Company D, 14th Infantry, 1861-65. Notes on surgical cases. 
 
310 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 14th Infantry, are in the Confederate Museum. A clothing account book of 
 Company D, 15th Infantry, 1860-65, and a muster roll of Company A, 17th 
 Infantry, May 1-July 1, 1862. A daily record of leaves of absence (1 vol.) 
 of the 25th Infantry, July 1862-June 1863, is in the Southern Historical Col¬ 
 lection in the University of North Carolina Library. Copies of letters sent 
 and received by Col. J. F. Marshall, commander of the 1st Regiment of 
 South Carolina Rifles, Feb. 16-July 22, 1862, and a register of officers, 
 rosters of companies, and record of guard details of the same regiment 
 (microfilmed from the original in Clemson College Library). A printed 
 roll (photostat) of Company C, Holcombe legion, 1861-65. A letters-sent 
 book of Brig. Gen. James Chesnut, Jr., May 26, 1864-Apr. 25, 1865, con¬ 
 taining copies of letters issued from the headquarters of the reserve forces 
 at Columbia, S. C., is in Emory University Library. Other papers of 
 Chesnut in Duke University Library include some wartime material. 
 
 Cornelius 1. Walker, Rolls ate States (Charleston, 1881), con- 
 and Historical Sketch of the Tenth tains rolls compiled from informa- 
 Regiment, South Carolina Volun- tion supplied by survivors. 
 teers, in the Army of the Confeder - 
 
 Records of Tennessee Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. —A record book of Company F (McClellan Troop) 
 5th Cavalry Battalion, 1861-62 (ch. VDI, vol. 97), contains clothing and 
 provision accounts, a roll of the troop, and copies of orders and circulars 
 received from superior commands. A record book (ch. Vm, vol. 109) of 
 the 1st Infantry, Col. Peter Turney commanding, contains a morning- 
 strength report of May 4, 1864, General Order 5 of Feb. 21, 1865, issued 
 by the Army of Northern Virginia, and cash accounts. May 1864. Letters 
 and orders received by the 7th Infantry, July 19, 1861-Mar. 12, 1862 (ch. 
 vm, vol. 348 1/2); orders issued by the same regiment, July 14, 1861-Apr. 
 14, 1862 (ch. vm, vol. 108), were those of Col. Robert Hatton, mostly in 
 Virginia. Strength reports of the 18th Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 108), 
 with a few reports of the 26th Infantry; clothing and ordnance accounts of 
 Company A, 26th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 75), with a roll of men; 
 general and special orders received and issued. Sept. 24, 1862-May 1, 1864 
 (ch. vm, vol. 339); a clothing account book of Company C, 32d Infantry, 
 1862-64 (ch. vm, vol. 78), with a roll of the company; a clothing account 
 book of Company G, 32d Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 79); a clothing 
 and descriptive book of Companies H and K, 32d Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, 
 vol. 80); a clothing and descriptive book of Company K, 32d Infantry, 1861- 
 62 (ch. vm, vol. 80 1/2); a record book of Company B, 45th Infantry, 1862- 
 64 (ch. vm, vol. 76), containing morning reports, clothing and ordnance 
 accounts, and orders; a clothing and ordnance account book of Company F, 
 45th Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. Vm, vol. 77); letters and telegrams sent and 
 received by the 23d Infantry Battalion, Col. Tazewell W. Newman command¬ 
 ing, Oct. 20, 1862-May 1, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 238); general and special orders 
 received and issued by Colonel Newman’s battalion, Nov. 28, 1862-Aug. 11, 
 1864 (ch. vm, vol. 340); statistical morning-strength reports of Colonel 
 Newman’s battalion, 1863 (ch. VIH, vol. 110); and a clothing account book of 
 Company D, 23d Battalion, Tennessee Volunteers, 1863-64 (ch. VHI, vol. 
 74). 
 
REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS, AND COMPANIES 
 
 311 
 
 Records of Texas Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Special orders issued by the 1st Artillery, May 
 12, 1863-Nov. 5, 1864 (ch. II, vol. 240); statistical morning-strength re¬ 
 ports of the 1st Artillery, 1863-65 (ch. Vin, vols. 111-113); clothing accounts 
 of Company H, 1st Artillery, 1863 (ch. EC, vol. 250); a record book of the 
 1st Cavalry, 1863-65 (ch. Vni, vol. 395), containing a list of commissioned 
 officers, a register of men discharged, and a descriptive roll of men; and 
 general and special orders and circulars received by the 13th Volunteers, 
 
 Lt. Col. Joseph Bates commanding. Mar. 26, 1862-Feb. 19, 1864 (ch. n, 
 vol. 239). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The Texas Archives of the University of 
 Texas Library has statistical morning-strength reports of Company F, 
 Stevens'dismounted cavalry, 1863-65 (1 vol., photostat), and orders issued 
 by the headquarters at Velasco of the 2d Battalion, 4th Volunteers, Nov. 13, 
 1861-Mar. 4, 1862 (1 vol., photostat), with a roster of officers, a muster 
 roll of Bates’ rangers, and a register of countersigns. 
 
 Records of Virginia Troops 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Ordnance return and appraisement of horses. 
 Company D, 6th Cavalry, 1864-65 (ch. Vni, vol. 242); abstracts showing 
 articles received and payments made by Capt. Thomas Tabb, quartermas¬ 
 ter, 3d Infantry, 1863-64 (ch. V, vol. 216), with a record of the tax in kind 
 collected; general and special orders received by the 15th Infantry, Dec. 27, 
 1861-Apr. 28, 1862 (ch. n, vol. 285); general orders issued and received 
 by the 45th Infantry, June 6-Aug. 25, 1861 (ch. VUE, vol. 243); letters and 
 general and special orders and circulars received, Oct. 24, 1861-Apr. 30, 
 
 1864 (ch. Vm, vol. 346); a clothing and descriptive book of Company K, 
 
 54th Infantry, 1861-64 (ch. Vm, vol. 84); a record book of Company A, 54th 
 Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. Vni, vol. 83), containing clothing, ordnance, and 
 equipment accounts and a descriptive roll of men; a clothing account book 
 of Company F, 54th Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. Vni, vol. 81); a record book of 
 Company H, 54th Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. Vni, vol. 82), containing a de¬ 
 scriptive roll of men, a company roll, clothing accounts, a list of deserters, 
 and a list of alterations; a clothing and descriptive book of Company I, 63d 
 Infantry, 1862-64 (ch. VIII, vol. 86); a clothing account book of Company 
 
 C, 63d Infantry, 1862-63 (ch. VIII, vol. 85); and a clothing account book of 
 Company D, Local Defense Troops, 1863 (ch. V, vol. 203). Records of 
 the reserve forces of Virginia include letters sent by Col. Robert Johnston, 
 commander of the Petersburg district, May 20-Oct. 5, 1864 (ch. IE, vol. 
 286), and general and special orders and circulars. May 30, 1864-Mar. 21, 
 
 1865 (1/4 in.). 
 
 ^eco^s in Other Custody. —Artillery records in the Virginia Histor¬ 
 ical Society collections include a record book of the Powhatan Artillery (1st 
 Virginia Artillery); an order book, May 11, 1861-Feb. 24, 1862, muster 
 rolls, and ordnance, clothing, and equipment reports, 1863-64, of the Rich¬ 
 mond Howitzers; and records of the 20th Artillery Battalion. Documents 
 relating to the 1st Cavalry are in the West Virginia University Library. 
 Statistical morning-strength reports of the 4th Cavalry, 1863-64, are in the 
 Confederate Museum. Company rolls of the 5th Cavalry (1 vol.), with a 
 record of equipment issued to men, Feb. 1862, are in the William and Mary 
 College Library. An account book of Company A, 14th Cavalry, kept by Lt. 
 
312 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Samuel W. N. Feamster, Apr. 1862-May 1864, is in the Manuscript Divi¬ 
 sion of the Library of Congress. Documents relating to the 36th Cavalry 
 Battalion are in the West Virginia University Library. A roster of the 1st 
 Infantry and Edwin B. Loving's diary of its activities, 1861-65, are in the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library which also has an order 
 book of that regiment, 1861-62. Records of Company J, 1st Infantry, Capt. 
 B. F. Howard commanding, 1861-65, in the Confederate Museum include a 
 statement of the organization of the company, a descriptive roll of men, 
 and a journal of operations. Documents relating to the 2d Infantry are in 
 the West Virginia University Library. A record book (microfilm) of Com¬ 
 pany K, 5th Infantry, 1861-65, is in the Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library. Muster rolls of the 9th Infantry, 
 1862-63, officer-of-the-guard reports of the 10th Infantry, Aug. 1861-Jan. 
 1863, and muster rolls of the hospital department and detached soldiers of 
 the 12th Infantry, Apr. 30, 1862-Oct. 21, 1864, are in the Archives Division 
 of the Virginia State Library. Commissary records of Company A, 12th 
 Infantry, kept by Capt. John P. May are in the University of Virginia Li¬ 
 brary. Documents relating to the 13th Infantry are in the West Virginia 
 University Library. Records of Company F, 21st Infantry, are in the Hen¬ 
 ry E. Huntington Library. Records of Company H, 25th Infantry, and re¬ 
 turns of Company I, 26th Infantry, June 30, 1862-Aug. 31, 1862, are in the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. Clothing accounts of Com¬ 
 pany B, 31st Infantry, 1861-62, are in the Confederate Museum, and other 
 records of that regiment are in the West Virginia University Library. A 
 record book of Company F, 32d Infantry, containing a descriptive roll of 
 men, an account, and a muster roll, is in the Archives Division of the Vir¬ 
 ginia State Library. Records of Company K, 40th Infantry, 1862 and 1864, 
 in the New York Public Library include a muster roll, a letter, and reports 
 of casualties. Some records of Company E (Dixie Grays), 42d Infantry, 
 1861-65, are in the University of Virginia Library. Quartermaster records 
 (244 items) of the 44th Infantry, 1861-65, including vouchers, correspond¬ 
 ence, memoranda, receipts, lists of rations, payrolls, and soldiers' fur¬ 
 lough certificates, are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Con¬ 
 gress. A record book of the 51st Infantry in the Virginia Historical Society 
 collections contains a diary of its operations and a list of casualties. Hos¬ 
 pital rolls of the 54th Infantry are in the Virginia State Library. Letters- 
 sent books (2 vols.) of the 59th Infantry, Col. William B. Tabb commanding, 
 Jan. 4-Mar. 6, 1863, are in the Virginia Historical Society. A clerk's 
 book of the 42d Virginia Militia is in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 An extensive collection of the papers of Maj. Gen. James L. Kemper, com¬ 
 mander of the reserve forces, in the University of Virginia Library in¬ 
 cludes material on his wartime service. 
 
 W. A. Christian, "Official 
 Rosters of the Richmond Companies 
 Mustered into the Service of the 
 Confederacy, 1861-1865, " Richmond ; 
 Her Past and Present , p. 547-576 
 (Richmond, 1912); "E^racts from 
 
 an Old 'Order Book' of the First 
 Company, Richmond Howitzers, " 
 Contributions to a History of the Rich 
 mond Howitzers; Pamphlet No. 4, p. 
 
 33-64 (Richmond, 1878). 
 
 STATE COMMANDS 
 
 On Apr. 23, 1861, Robert E. Lee assumed command of the military 
 
STATE COMMANDS 
 
 313 
 
 and naval forces of Virginia. On May 10 the Confederate Secretary of War 
 directed him to take command of the Confederate forces in Virginia and on 
 May 14 his appointment as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army was 
 confirmed. From his office at Richmond with the aid of a small staff Gen¬ 
 eral Lee directed the organization and training of the Virginia forces and 
 the development and construction of defense works. Under the provisions 
 of the convention of Apr. 25, 1861, between Virginia and the Confederate 
 Government, the Virginia forces were transferred to the Confederacy in 
 June. Until late in 1861, however. General Lee continued to serve in Vir¬ 
 ginia, acting as military adviser to the President, directing the defense of 
 the eastern part of the State, and coordinating operations in western Vir¬ 
 ginia. A division headquarters that was set up in Richmond on Apr. 26, 
 
 1861, to command all of the State forces in and around that city was com¬ 
 manded successively by Maj. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, Col. John B. Ma- 
 gruder. Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Fauntleroy, and Col. Charles Dimmock, 
 before its discontinuance on Nov. 5, 1861. 
 
 Douglas S. Freeman, R. E. 529, 541 (4 vols.; New York, 1934- 
 Lee; a Biography , 1:488, 501, 528, ' 36). 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Records of General Lee's headquarters include 
 letters sent, Apr. 24-Nov. 4, 1861 (ch. Vm, vol. 234); a file of letters, 
 telegrams, and other papers, Apr. -Nov. 1861 (1 ft. 4 in.), including orders, 
 lists of men, statements of arms and ammunition on hand, court-martial 
 proceedings, statistical morning-strength reports, letters referred by the 
 President, and cross-references to documents filed elsewhere; a register of 
 letters received, Apr. 13-Nov. 30, 1861 (ch. Vm, vol. 232, p. 1-13, 95- 
 428, vol. 233); endorsements on letters received. May 8-Dec. 3, 1861 (ch. 
 VUE, vol. 236); general and special orders issued, Apr. 23-Nov. 5, 1861 
 (ch. VUE, vols. 237 and 240); a list of officers appointed in the volunteer 
 forces of Virginia, Apr. -Nov. 1861 (ch. I, vol. 126); a list of officers ap¬ 
 pointed in the Provisional Army of Virginia, Apr. -July 1861 (ch. I, vol. 125); 
 and a list of discharged men, July-Sept. 1861 (ch. VIEE, vol. 236, p. 458- 
 469). 
 
 Records of the division headquarters commanding the forces in and 
 around Richmond include letters sent. May 1-Oct. 9, 1861 (ch. VIEI, vol. 
 235); letters and orders received, Apr. 27-Nov. 5, 1861 (ch. VEII, vol. 238); 
 general and special orders issued, Apr. 27-Oct. 18, 1861 (ch. VIEI, vol. 
 
 239); and consolidated morning-strength reports, May-Nov. 1861 (ch. Vni, 
 vol. 241). 
 
 Other State records include: a register of officers’ commissions, 
 Mississippi State troops, 1861-65 (ch. VIEI, vol. 6; a copy made by the U. S. 
 War Department in 1905); a register of officers of the Provisional Army of 
 Tennessee, 1861-65 (ch. I, part of vol. 97, with an index vol.); general and 
 special orders issued by the East Tennessee Brigade, Provisional Army of 
 Tennessee, May 11-Oct. 6, 1861 (ch. VUE, vol. 396); special orders issued 
 by the Adjutant General of Texas, Jan. 4, 1862-May 10, 1865 (ch. VIE, vol. 
 277); and a roster of officers, Texas State Troops, Dec. 5 and Dec. 21, 1863 
 (ch. I, vol. 104 1/2). Eighty volumes of records of the State of Louisiana 
 relating to its troops, which are described in National Archives, Prelimi¬ 
 nary Inventory [No. 101] of the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records , p. 197 and 211-213, were returned to Louisiana in Oct. 1961. 
 
314 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 
 FOR WHOM ADDITIONAL PAPERS ARE AVAILABLE 
 
 J. D. Alison 
 
 A diary of Surgeon Alison, May 9, 1861-July 4, 1863, is in the Ala¬ 
 bama Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Richard H. Anderson (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 A letters-sent book. May 29, 1861-Aug. 23, 1863, in the Confederate 
 Museum relates to his services in South Carolina, Florida, and Virginia 
 
 Charles H. Andrews 
 
 Andrews’ papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library concern in part his wartime service. 
 
 John H. Ash (Lt.) 
 
 Papers relating to his service with the 5th Georgia Cavalry in Georgia, 
 Florida, and South Carolina are in Emory University Library. 
 
 John Bannon 
 
 Bannon’s diary, 1861-63, concerning his activities as a chaplain, is 
 in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina. 
 
 James B. Barry (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Barry’s papers in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Li¬ 
 brary include muster rolls and battalion reports of troops at Fort Belknap 
 and Camp Cooper, Tex. 
 
 Robert Battey 
 
 Battey’s papers in Emory University Library include some documents 
 relating to his service as a surgeon in Georgia and Mississippi. 
 
 Pierre G. T. Beauregard (Gen.) 
 
 General Beauregard’s commands included in 1861 the Confederate 
 forces at Charleston, S. C., the Department of Alexandria, and the Army 
 of the Potomac; in 1862 Department No. 2; in 1862-65 the Department of 
 South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida; and in 1865 he was second to General 
 Johnston in command of the Army of Tennessee. The following are in 
 Record Group 109: press copies of letters and telegrams sent. Mar. 3- 
 May 27, 1861 (ch. H, vol. 263); letters and telegrams received. Mar. 1- 
 May 27, 1861 (ch. H, vol. 256); copies of letters and telegrams sent. 
 
 May 19, 1862-Apr. 19, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 35); and correspondence, tele¬ 
 grams, reports, and other papers, 1862-64 (3 in.). 
 
 General Beauregard’s correspondence, military orders, and other 
 documents, 1861-65 (500 items), are in Columbia University Library. 
 Additional correspondence, orders, and other documents, 1861-65 (45 
 items), are in the Confederate Museum. Copies of letters sent and tele¬ 
 grams, letters received, general orders, special orders, and battle re¬ 
 ports, 1861-65, are in the Library of Congress; some of these are in the 
 Alfred Roman collection. Other papers of General Beauregard are in the 
 Charleston Library Society collections, Duke University Library, Emory 
 University Library, the Department of Archives of Louisiana State Univer¬ 
 sity, the Missouri Historical Society, the North Carolina Department of 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 315 
 
 Archives and History, the South Caroliniana Library of the University of 
 South Carolina, the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library, the 
 Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton 
 Memorial Library of Tulane University, the Archives Division of the Vir¬ 
 ginia State Library, the Western Reserve Historical Society collections, 
 and Yale University Library. 
 
 Taylor Beatty (Col.) 
 
 Beatty’s diary, Jan. 18, 1861-June 9, 1865, in the Southern Historical 
 Collection in the University of North Carolina Library relates to his ser¬ 
 vice in Florida and Tennessee. 
 
 John W. Beckwith 
 
 The papers of Beckwith, who was appointed a chaplain in Feb. 1865 
 to serve at Demopolis, Ala., are in the Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Hamilton P. Bee (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Bee’s papers in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library 
 include wartime documents relating to Texas, Louisiana, and Indian Terri¬ 
 tory. 
 
 Samuel M. Bemiss 
 
 Bemiss was a surgeon in Virginia and Georgia. His papers are on 
 deposit in the Virginia Historical Society building. 
 
 William N. Berkeley (Maj.) 
 
 Berkeley was an officer of the 8th Virginia Infantry. His papers are 
 in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Alexander D. Betts 
 
 Some papers of Betts, a chaplain of the 30th North Carolina Infantry, 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 John S. Bowen (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are copies of letters sent, Aug. 1862-Nov. 1863 
 (ch. n, vol. 274), relating to the Army of the West and the Army of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Alexander H. Boykin (Capt.) 
 
 The military papers and orders of Boykin’s rangers (Company A, 2d 
 South Carolina Cavalry), 1861-62, are in the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the Univeristy of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Braxton Bragg (Gen.) 
 
 General Bragg’s commands included in 1861 the troops and defenses 
 at Pensacola, in 1861-62 the Department of Alabama and West Florida, in 
 1862 the Army of the Mississippi and the Western Department, in 1863 the 
 Army and Department of Tennessee, in 1864-65 the Department of North 
 Carolina, and in 1865 the defense of Wilmington. In 1864 he served as mil¬ 
 itary adviser to the President at Richmond. In Record Group 109 are copies 
 of special orders issued. Mar. 7, 1862-May 7, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 221), and 
 
316 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 copies of letters and telegrams sent, June 13-Dec. 14, 1863 (ch. 11, vol. 
 
 359, p. 1-85). 
 
 General Bragg’s papers, Feb. 1861-Mar. 1865 (2 ft.), in the W. P. 
 Palmer collection in the Western Reserve Historical Society include letters- 
 sent books, 1861-64 (4 vols.), and a file of correspondence, telegrams, re¬ 
 ports on battles and operations, orders, and memoranda, Feb. 25, 1861- 
 Feb. 28, 1865. Smaller collections of his papers are in the Alabama 
 Department of Archives and History, Duke University Library, Emory 
 University Library, the Henry E. Huntington Library, the Louisiana State 
 Museum, Miami University Library, the Missouri Historical Society, the 
 Rosenberg Library at Galveston, Tex., the University of Georgia Library, 
 and the University of Texas Library. 
 
 Junius N. Bragg 
 
 Surgeon Bragg served in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. His war¬ 
 time letters have been published; see Mrs. T. J. Gaughan, ed.. Letters of 
 a Confederate Surgeon, 1861-65 (Camden, Ark., 1960). 
 
 Lawrence O’B. Branch (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Branch’s papers in the North Carolina Department of Archives and 
 History include materials relating to the activities of his brigade in North 
 Carolina and Virginia in 1862. 
 
 John C. Breckinridge (Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are copies of Breckinridge’s letters, telegrams, 
 and orders received and sent, Dec. 1861-Nov. 1863 (ch. n, vol. 311), rela¬ 
 ting to the Central Army of Kentucky, the Army of the Mississippi, and the 
 Army of Tennessee. See also the section in this chapter on the Office of 
 the Secretary of War. 
 
 William C. P. Breckinridge (Col.) 
 
 Breckinridge was the commander of the 9th Kentucky Cavalry. His 
 papers are in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 George W. Brent (Col.) 
 
 Brent was a staff officer under Generals Beauregard, Bragg, and 
 Smith. His papers are in Duke University Library and in the Louisiana 
 Historical Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial 
 Library of Tulane University. 
 
 Louis A. Bringier (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Colonel Bringier, an officer of the 4th and 7th Louisiana 
 Cavalry, 1862-65, are in the Archives Department of Louisiana State Uni¬ 
 versity. 
 
 John M. Bronough 
 
 Papers of Surgeon Bronough, who served with the 5th Texas Mounted 
 Volunteers, 1861-65, are in Baylor University Library. 
 
 John T. Brown (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Brown, an artillery officer in the Army of the Peninsula 
 and the Army of Northern Virginia, in the Confederate Museum include 
 correspondence, general and special orders, returns, receipts, requisitions, 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 317 
 
 and invoices, June 1861-Apr. 1864. 
 
 Simon B. Buckner (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 General Buckner’s commands included in 1861-62 the Central Army of 
 Kentucky, a division in the Army of the Mississippi, and the District of the 
 Gulf, in 1863-64 the Department of East Tennessee, in 1864 the District of 
 West Louisiana, and in 1865 the District of Arkansas and West Louisiana. 
 His wartime papers are in the Henry E. Huntington Library. 
 
 Robert F. Bunting 
 
 A transcript of letters written by Bunting, chaplain of Terry’s Texas 
 Rangers, to newspapers, 1861-65, is in the University of Texas Library, 
 Texas Archives. 
 
 William H. S. Burgwynn (Capt.) 
 
 Letters of Burgwynn, an officer of the 35th North Carolina Infantry, 
 are in the North Carolina Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Ellison Capers (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Records of Capers, commander of the 24th South Carolina Infantry 
 and a brigadier general in the Army of Tennessee in 1865, in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library include correspondence on military operations and maps. 
 
 Other papers of his are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University 
 of South Carolina. 
 
 Leonidas D. Carrington (Capt.) 
 
 Correspondence and quartermaster returns, 1862-64, prepared while 
 Carrington was attached to the 16th Texas Infantry are in the University of 
 Texas Library, Texas Archives. 
 
 David M. Carter (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Carter was an officer in the 4th North Carolina Infantry; his papers 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 William R. Carter (Lt. Col.) 
 
 A diary of Carter, who died in July 1864, is in the Hampden-Sydney 
 College Library. He served with the 3d Virginia Cavalry. 
 
 James R. Chalmers (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Chalmers had commands in 1862 in the Army of the Mississippi, in 
 1863 in the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, and later in the 
 1st Division of Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest’s cavalry corps. In Record Group 
 109 are copies of letters and telegrams sent, Feb. 1862-Apr. 1865 (ch. H, 
 vols. 288-290); letters, telegrams, orders, and circulars received, Nov. 
 
 1861- Mar. 1865 (ch. H, vols. 292-297); telegrams received. Mar. 1863- 
 Mar. 1865 (ch. n, vol. 291); general and special orders and circulars, Feb. 
 
 1862- Aug. 1864 (ch. EE, vols. 298-300); special orders, Jan.-Apr. 1865 
 (ch. n, part of vol. 301); and correspondence and other documents, 1861- 
 65 (2 in.). 
 
318 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Benjamin F. Cheatham (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence, reports, orders, and other documents (microfilm), 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 Alexander R. Chisholm (Lt.) 
 
 Chisholm was an aide-de-camp to General Beauregard; his papers are 
 in the New-York Historical Society. 
 
 Charles Clark ( Brig. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are general orders issued, June-July 1861 (ch. 
 n, vol. 284). Clark served in Mississippi and Tennessee. 
 
 Edward Clark (Col.) 
 
 Correspondence of Clark, colonel of the 14th Texas Infantry, is in the 
 Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. 
 
 Lewis M. Clark (Col.) 
 
 Abstracts of receipts and disbursements by Clark, 1862-64, are in 
 the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Clark served in the 
 Army of the West and the District of Tennessee. 
 
 William J. Clarke (Col.) 
 
 Correspondence and other papers of Clarke, colonel of the 24th North 
 Carolina Infantry, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Henry D. Clayton (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Clayton commanded the 1st and later the 39th Alabama Infantry and 
 served in Kentucky under General Bragg and with the Army of Tennes¬ 
 see. Correspondence, quartermaster and ordnance records, and muster 
 rolls are with his papers in the University of Alabama Library. 
 
 Thomas L. Clingman (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence and other papers relating to his services in North 
 and South Carolina and Virginia are in Duke University Library and in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 W. G. Crenshaw (Capt.) 
 
 Correspondence of Crenshaw while serving at Camp Lee, Va., Feb. - 
 June 1862, is in the Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. 
 
 Raleigh E. Colston (Brig Gen.) 
 
 Colston commanded the 16th Virginia Infantry, a brigade in the 
 peninsular campaign, and a brigade in Gen. T. J. Jackson’s corps before 
 being transferred to Petersburg to serve under General Beauregard and 
 later at Lynchburg. Correspondence, reports, orders, and other docu¬ 
 ments are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. 
 
 Alexander M. Davis (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Letters of Davis, an officer of the 45th Virginia Infantry, are in the 
 William and Mary College Library. 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 319 
 Nicholas A. Davis 
 
 A microfilm of the papers of Davis, who served as chaplain to the 
 4th Texas Volunteers of Hood’s Texas Brigade, is in Trinity University 
 Library, San Antonio, Tex. See Donald E. Everett, ed., Chaplain Davis 
 and Hood’s Texas Brigade (San Antonio, 1962). 
 
 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson (Capt.) 
 
 Papers relating to Dawson’s services with the 4th Alabama Infantry 
 during 1861-62 in Virginia, South Carolina, and North Carolina are in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Henry W. Feilden (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Feilden, who served as assistant adjutant general to Gen¬ 
 eral Beauregard, 1862-65, are in the Library of Congress, the South Caro¬ 
 lina Historical Society collections, and the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 Samuel W. Ferguson (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 After serving on General Beauregard’s staff in 1861-62, Ferguson was 
 on cavalry duty in the Vicksburg campaign and commanded a brigade in Gen. 
 William H. Jackson’s division in Mississippi, Georgia, and the Carolinas 
 in 1863-65. His papers are in the Department of Archives of the Louisiana 
 State University. 
 
 George A. Ferris 
 
 Papers of Ferris, a surgeon from Texas, are in the Archives Divi¬ 
 sion of the Texas State Library. 
 
 Nathan N. Fleming (Capt.) 
 
 Miscellaneous quartermaster records relating to the 46th North Caro¬ 
 lina Infantry, 1862-64 (1 vol.), are in the North Carolina Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History. 
 
 Andrew J. Foard 
 
 Letters received by Surgeon Foard relating to his service in Florida 
 and Mississippi are in the Stout collection in Emory University Library. 
 
 Edward Fontaine (Capt.) 
 
 Papers of Fontaine, an officer of the 18th Mississippi Infantry, are 
 in the Mississippi State University Library. 
 
 Nathan B. Forrest (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence, orders, and other papers, 1862-66 (393 items), con¬ 
 sisting chiefly of communications to army surgeons, are in Duke University 
 Library. Forrest was a cavalry officer in the Army of the Mississippi and 
 the Army of Tennessee, and commander in 1865 of the District of Missis¬ 
 sippi and East Louisiana. 
 
 Samuel G. French (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are letters, telegrams, orders, and circulars 
 received and copies of letters sent, 1861-65 (2 in.). After serving in the 
 Army of the Potomac, French commanded in 1862 the Department of North 
 Carolina and in 1863 the Department of Southern Virginia. He later served 
 in the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, the Army of Tennessee, 
 
320 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 and at Mobile. Papers relating chiefly to his service under Gen. Joseph 
 E. Johnston in 1864 are in the Mississippi Department of Archives and 
 History. 
 
 Wade H. Gibbes (Maj.) 
 
 Papers of Gibbes, an officer of the 13th Battalion Virginia Artillery, 
 are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina. 
 
 Jeremy F. Gilmer (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence and other documents of the war period among his pa¬ 
 pers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library relate to his service as an engineer officer in Tennessee, 
 
 South Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia, and as Chief of the Engineer Bur¬ 
 eau at Richmond. 
 
 Harry W. Gilmor (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Papers of Gilmor, an officer of the 2d Battalion Maryland Cavalry, 
 1862-65, are in the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 Henry Ginder (Lt.) 
 
 Ginder’s papers, 1862-65, in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of 
 Tulane University concern in part his duties as an engineer officer. 
 
 Thomas J. Goree (Capt.) 
 
 Goree was an aide to General Longstreet; his wartime letters are in 
 the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State University. 
 
 James A. Graham (Lt.) 
 
 Letters Lieutenant Graham wrote from camps in North Carolina and 
 Virginia, 1861-65, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 George St. Leger Grenfel (Col.) 
 
 Copies of letters written by Grenfel, inspector general under Gener¬ 
 al Bragg, are in the Filson Club, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Bryan Grimes (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Papers of Grimes, an officer of the 4th North Carolina Infantry, are 
 in the North Carolina Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Thomas D. Hamilton (Maj.) 
 
 Hamilton served as a quartermaster at Saltillo, Miss., Tunnel Hill 
 and Rome, Ga., and in Florida. Vouchers prepared by him during the per¬ 
 iod Nov. 1, 1861-Apr. 1, 1865, are in the Mississippi Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History. 
 
 Lewis C. Hanes (Capt.) 
 
 Records of Hanes as quartermaster of the 48th North Carolina Infan¬ 
 try are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. 
 
 William J. Hardee (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Letters written by General Hardee during 1861-62 concerning his 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 321 
 
 operations in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky are in the Library of 
 Congress. 
 
 David B. Harris (Maj.) 
 
 Reconnaissance sketch maps of the operations of the Army of Tennes¬ 
 see and maps of the coast defenses of South Carolina are in Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 Alexander C. Haskell (Col.) 
 
 Letters Haskell wrote while he was assistant adjutant general of Gen. 
 Maxcy Gregg’s brigade in South Carolina and Virginia are in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Benjamin H. Helm (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Papers of Helm, who served in the Army of the Mississippi, the Dis¬ 
 trict of the Gulf, the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, and 
 the Army of Tennessee are in the University of Kentucky Library. 
 
 Patrick Henry (Maj.) 
 
 Henry’s papers in the Mississippi Department of Archives and History 
 include some for the war period. 
 
 Henry Heth (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Heth was a division commander in the Army of East Tennessee and 
 the Army of Northern Virginia. His papers are in the University of Vir¬ 
 ginia Library. 
 
 William Hicks 
 
 Hicks’ order book is in the University of Texas Library, Texas Ar¬ 
 chives. 
 
 Daniel H. Hill (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Papers of Hill, who served in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, 
 and Georgia, are in Duke University Library, the New-York Historical 
 Society, the North Carolina Department of Archives and History, and the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. 
 
 Thomas C. Hindman (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are correspondence and other papers, 1861-64 
 (1 in.). Hindman served in 1862 in the Army of the Mississippi and in the 
 Trans-Mississippi Department, and in 1863-64 in the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 James M. Holloway 
 
 Correspondence relating to his service as a surgeon in the Army of 
 the Potomac, the Army of Northern Virginia, and the Department of South 
 Carolina, Georgia, and Florida is in the Virginia Historical Society collec¬ 
 tions. 
 
 Theophilus H. Holmes (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are copies of letters sent by Holmes, May 5, 
 1861-Mar. 8, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 358), relating to his commands in North 
 Carolina, the District of Arkansas, and the Trans-Mississippi Department. 
 Papers of Holmes as commander of the reserve forces of North Carolina, 
 
322 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 1864-65, are in Duke University Library. 
 
 William J. Holt 
 
 Papers of Holt, a surgeon with the 19th Alabama Infantry, are in the 
 South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina. 
 
 John B. Hood (Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are correspondence and other papers, 1862-65 
 (2 in.), including outgoing and incoming letters, reports on operations, and 
 casualty returns. After commanding a division in the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, Hood became commander of the Army of Tennessee in July 1864. 
 
 John D. Imboden (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Papers of Imboden in the University of Kentucky Library include war¬ 
 time letters concerning his service in western Virginia and the Valley Dis¬ 
 trict. 
 
 J. L. Irion 
 
 Papers of Assistant Surgeon Irion, who served with the 20th Texas 
 Infantry, are in the Archives Division of the Texas State Library. 
 
 Henry R. Jackson (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 A few communications received by Jackson in 1861, when he command¬ 
 ed the Army of the Northwest, are in the Telamon Cuyler collection in the 
 University of Georgia Library. 
 
 John K. Jackson (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are morning reports of Jackson's brigade, 1862- 
 64 (ch. n, vol. 245). The brigade was part of the Army of the Mississippi 
 in 1862 and later of the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 Thomas J. Jackson (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 An order book, Apr. 28-July 22, 1861, in the Confederate Museum 
 contains copies of general and special orders issued when Jackson was in 
 command at Harpers Ferry and in the Shenandoah Valley. For other col¬ 
 lections see above under Army and Department of Northern Virginia. Let¬ 
 ters and other papers (originals and copies) of Jackson, 1838-63, are in the 
 Roy Bird Cook collection in the West Virginia University Library. 
 
 William H. Jackson (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are papers that were kept by Capt. George 
 Moorman, Jackson’s adjutant, including orders, telegrams, letters, and 
 circulars, 1861-65 (2 in.). The collection includes copies of general and 
 special orders issued by Jackson's cavalry corps, 1863-65. Jackson 
 served in the Western Department and the Department of Mississippi and 
 East Louisiana. 
 
 Bushrod R. Johnson (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are letters sent, June 30, 1864-Mar. 9, 1864 
 (ch. II, vol. 287), and communications received, 1862-65 (1/4 in.), relating 
 to Johnson’s commands in the Army of Tennessee, the Department of North 
 Carolina and Southern Virginia, and the Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 323 
 
 Joseph E. Johnston (Gen.) 
 
 Records of General Johnston, commander of the Army of the Poto¬ 
 mac, the Department of Northern Virginia, the Department of the West, and 
 the Army of Tennessee, are in several repositories. Records in the Willi¬ 
 am and Mary College Library include: copies of outgoing dispatches, May 
 30, 1861-Apr. 27, 1865 (5 vols.); copies of letters sent, Jan. 28, 1862-Oct. 
 20, 1864, and Feb. 25-May 8, 1865 (3 vols.); a book containing copies of 
 letters sent and received, Dec. 28, 1863-June 27, 1864, Col. Benjamin S. 
 Ewell's diary regarding an official visit to Richmond, Apr. 13-Aug. 5, 1864, 
 and special orders issued, Dec. 14-21, 1862; copies of telegrams sent. May 
 9, 1863-May 6, 1864, and Feb. 25-May 3, 1865 (6 vols.); general orders 
 issued, Dec. 4, 1862-Dec. 22, 1863 (1 vol.), also containing a scrapbook; 
 a casualty report on the battle of Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21, 1862; a copy of a 
 report on the battle of Seven Pines; a few monthly reports; and a letter re¬ 
 garding the condition of the 33d Virginia Volunteers after First Manassas. 
 The Henry E. Huntington Library has other Johnston papers, 1861-65 (523 
 items), including correspondence, telegrams, battle reports, division and 
 brigade reports, and maps. Other correspondence, 1861-64, is in the 
 Samuel Richey collection in Miami University Library. Other Johnston 
 papers are in the Confederate Museum, Duke University Library, and the 
 San Francisco College for Women. 
 
 Robert M. Hughes, ed., "Some 
 War Letters of General Joseph E. 
 Johnston, " Journal of the Military 
 Service Institution of the United 
 States, 50:319-328 (May-June 1912); 
 Joseph E. Johnston, Narrative of 
 Military Operations, Directed, dur ¬ 
 ing the Late War between the States 
 (New York, 1874); Fred B. Joyner, 
 
 "Calendar of General Joseph E. John¬ 
 ston Papers, Miami University, " 
 Civil War History , 8:86-90 (Mar. 
 1962); Earl G. Swem, "Joseph E. 
 Johnston Papers [and] John Marshall 
 Papers in the Library of William and 
 Mary College, " William and Mary 
 College Bulletin, 33 (Nov. 1939). 
 
 Samuel Jones (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are correspondence and telegrams, 1861-64 
 (1 1/2 in.). Jones served in 1862 in Virginia and Florida and commanded 
 the Department of Alabama and West Florida and a division of the Army of 
 the Mississippi; in 1863-64, the Western Department of Virginia; in 1864, 
 the Department of South Carolina; and in 1864-65, the District of Florida. 
 
 Thomas Jordan (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence and other documents of Jordan, a staff officer under 
 Gen. A. S. Johnston and Generals Beauregard and Bragg, and commander 
 in 1865 of the 3d Military District of South Carolina, are in Duke University 
 Library. 
 
 John F. King (Lt.) 
 
 Ordnance records of King, an officer with the 1st Georgia Regulars, 
 1861, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. 
 
 Jesse R. Kirkland (Capt.) 
 
 Kirkland was an assistant commissary with the 14th and 16th Missis¬ 
 sippi Volunteers. His papers, 1861-63, are in the Mississippi Department 
 
324 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 of Archives and History. 
 
 Richard F. Langdon (Capt.) 
 
 Quartermaster records, 1863, when Langdon was with the 3d North 
 Carolina Infantry (3d State Troops), are in the Southern Historical Collec¬ 
 tion in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Evander M. Law (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Law’s correspondence, orders, and reports (microfilm) are in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Henry Lay 
 
 Lay’s papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University 
 of North Carolina Library cover his wartime service as a chaplain. 
 
 John W. Lea (Col.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are Lea’s diary and account book, 1863 (ch. Vm, 
 vol. 363). Lea was commander of the 5th North Carolina State Troops. 
 
 Richard Leach 
 
 Some papers of Leach, a surgeon with the 2d Battalion North Caro¬ 
 lina Infantry, are in Duke University Library. 
 
 Stephen D. Lee (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Lee’s correspondence, reports, orders, and commissions are in the 
 Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 After serving as an artillery officer in Virginia and at Vicksburg, Lee 
 commanded cavalry in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East 
 Louisiana, commanded that department, and then became a corps command¬ 
 er in the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 St. John R. Liddell (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Papers of Liddell, who served in the Army of the Mississippi, De¬ 
 partment No. 2, the Army of Tennessee, and the Department of Alabama, 
 Mississippi, and East Louisiana, are in the Department of Archives of the 
 Louisiana State University. 
 
 Charles E. Lippitt 
 
 Lippitt’s papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library relate to his service as a surgeon with the 
 57th Virginia Volunteers in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. 
 
 Samuel H. Lockett (Col.) 
 
 Lockett was an engineer officer who served in Florida and as chief 
 engineer of the District of the Gulf and the Department of Mississippi, Ala¬ 
 bama, and East Louisiana. His papers in the Southern Historical Collec¬ 
 tion in the University of North Carolina Library include material on an in¬ 
 spection tour of forts in Alabama and Florida in 1861 and reports from 
 engineer officers during the siege of Vicksburg. 
 
 George W. Logan (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Military records, 1861-65, of Colonel Logan, who commanded a battal¬ 
 ion of Louisiana Heavy Artillery at Fort Beauregard, La., and other places. 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 325 
 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 James Longstreet (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are copies of letters and telegrams sent, Oct. 
 
 26, 1863-Mar. 16, 1864, and Feb. 25-Mar. 20, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 277); an 
 undated roster of officers and organizations (ch. H, vol. 277 1/2); copies 
 of letters sent, Jan. 1, 1864-Feb. 16, 1865 (ch. H, vol. 276); and copies of 
 confidential letters and telegrams sent, Feb. 26, 1863-Feb. 23, 1865 (ch. 
 n, vol. 269). Copies of letters, telegrams, and circulars sent, Dec. 31, 
 1862-Feb. 1, 1865 (1 vol.), are in the Texas Archives of the University of 
 Texas Library. Other Longstreet papers are in Duke University Library 
 and in the custody of the Georgia Department of Archives and History. 
 
 William W. Loring (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Loring’s letters-sent book in the Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library includes copies of letters written from the 1st Division of the 
 Department of Norfolk at Suffolk, Va., Apr. 2-May 11, 1862, and from the 
 headquarters of the Department of Southwestern Virginia, May 19-Sept. 1, 
 1862. 
 
 Mansfield Lovell (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Lovell commanded Department No. 1 at New Orleans and then a divi¬ 
 sion in the Army of the Mississippi. A collection of letters received, 1860- 
 69, in the Library of Congress contains only a few items of the war period. 
 
 James S. McCoy (Capt.) 
 
 McCoy was an officer of the 26th Alabama Infantry. His papers, 1859- 
 65 (715 items), are in the University of Oklahoma Library. 
 
 Marshall McDonald (Capt.) 
 
 An extensive collection of McDonald’s papers in Duke University Li¬ 
 brary includes 500 wartime items. He served as an ordnance officer at 
 Vicksburg, later at Selma, Ala., and then as an engineer in Virginia and 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Lafayette McLaws (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 McLaws served in 1861 in Georgia and in the Army of the Peninsula, 
 in 1862-63 in the Army of Northern Virginia, and in 1864 in the Department 
 of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. In Record Group 109 are corre¬ 
 spondence and other documents, 1861-65 (1 1/2 in.) of General McLaws. 
 
 His papers in Duke University Library are mainly concerned with General 
 Pemberton’s charges against him in connection with the attack on Knoxville, 
 Tenn., in 1863. Papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library include wartime correspondence, military 
 records, and maps. Other papers of McLaws are in the Western Reserve 
 Historical Society collections. 
 
 John K. McLean 
 
 Letters written by Surgeon McLean from South Carolina, Georgia, 
 and Virginia are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South 
 Carolina. 
 
326 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Fitz William McMaster (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Letters of McMaster, an officer of the 17th South Carolina Infantry, 
 are in the South Caroliniana Library of the University of South Carolina. 
 
 Duncan K. MacRae (Col.) 
 
 MacRae was a colonel of the 15th North Carolina Infantry. His papers 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. 
 
 John B. Magruder (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Magruder commanded in 1861 the Department of the Peninsula, in 
 1862 the Trans-Mississippi District, in 1862-63 the District of Texas, New 
 Mexico, and Arizona, and in 1864-65 the District of Arkansas. In Record 
 Group 109 are correspondence and telegrams, 1862-65 (1/2 in.). A few of 
 his papers are in the Confederate Museum. 
 
 C. K. Mallory (Capt.) 
 
 A memorandum book of Mallory as assistant quartermaster at Liber¬ 
 ty, Va., 1862-63, is in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 George E. Maney (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Papers of Maney, who had commands in three different armies, are 
 in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Gabriel E. Manigault (Lt.) 
 
 Papers of Manigault, adjutant of the 4th South Carolina Cavalry, are 
 in the South Carolina Historical Society. 
 
 Thomas R. Markham 
 
 Papers of Markham, a chaplain of the 1st Mississippi Light Artillery, 
 are in the Department of Archives of Louisiana State University. 
 
 Samuel B. Maxey (Brig, Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are copies of letters and telegrams received by 
 Maxey as commanding officer at Chattanooga, Tenn., Mar. 19-Oct. 31, 
 
 1862 (ch. n, vol. 257), with lists of men in various military units. 
 
 Samuel W. Melton (Maj.) 
 
 Letters written by Melton from Columbia and Charleston, S. C., 
 Richmond (Adjutant and Inspector General’s Department), and camps in 
 Virginia and North Carolina are in the South Caroliniana Library of the 
 University of South Carolina. 
 
 Thomas B. Memminger 
 
 Some official papers, 1864, of Surgeon Memminger are in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Frank Moore (Capt.) 
 
 The papers of Captain Moore in the Henry E. Huntington Library 
 are concerned mainly with the defense of Mobile. 
 
 John W. Moore (Maj.) 
 
 Major Moore was an officer of the 3d Battalion North Carolina Light 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 327 
 
 Artillery. His correspondence and other papers are in the Southern His¬ 
 torical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 James T. Morehead, Jr. (Col.) 
 
 Morehead commanded the 53d North Carolina Infantry. His papers 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 John H. Morgan (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Morgan was a cavalry commander in the Army of Tennessee and com¬ 
 mander of the Department of East Tennessee and Western Virginia. His 
 military correspondence, telegrams, orders, reports, lists, and maps are 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. 
 
 John T. Morgan (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 After serving with the 5th Alabama Infantry and as colonel of the 51st 
 Alabama Partisan Rangers, Morgan commanded a brigade in the Army of 
 Northern Virginia and the Army of Tennessee. His papers are in the Ala¬ 
 bama Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Beverly P. Morriss 
 
 Papers of Morriss, a Confederate surgeon from Virginia, are in 
 Duke University Library. 
 
 Peter M. Mull (Capt.) 
 
 A few papers of Mull, who was an officer of the 55th North Carolina 
 Infantry, are in the North Carolina Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Thomas T. Munford (Col.) 
 
 Munford was the colonel of the 2d (also called 30th) Virginia Cavalry. 
 His papers are in Duke University Library. 
 
 Robert P. Myers 
 
 Myers was a surgeon at Oglethorpe Barracks, Savannah, Ga., and 
 Camp Drayton during 1861-62. A correspondence book, Oct. 2, 1861-May 
 2, 1862, and a diary, June 15, 1863-May 1, 1865, when he was with the 16th 
 Georgia Infantry, are in the Confederate Museum. 
 
 Henry D. Ogden (Col.) 
 
 Ogden was on the staffs of Maj. Gen. Mansfield Lovell, Gov. Thomas 
 O. Moore, and Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor. Correspondence and other docu¬ 
 ments, Apr. 1862-Sept. 1863, are in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library 
 of Tulane University. 
 
 Charles H. Olmstead (Col.) 
 
 Colonel Olmstead was the commander of the 1st Georgia Infantry 
 which served in Georgia and South Carolina. Correspondence and other 
 documents, 1860-65, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Edwin A. Osborne (Col.) 
 
 Osborne commanded the 4th North Carolina Infantry. His papers are 
 
328 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. 
 
 John M. Otey (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Some papers of Otey, who served as a staff officer under General 
 Beauregard in 1861-65 and also under General Bragg in 1862, are in Duke 
 University Library. 
 
 F. J. Paine (Maj.) 
 
 Letters of Paine, an officer of the 16th Battalion Tennessee Cavalry, 
 are in the Tennessee State Library and Archives. 
 
 John O. Paris 
 
 As a chaplain with the 54th North Carolina Infantry, Paris kept a di¬ 
 ary concerning military activities, Jan. 7, 1863-Oct. 22, 1864, and Feb. 
 
 4-Apr. 14, 1865, which is in the Southern Historical Collection in the Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 William D. Pender (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Letters sent by General Pender from Virginia and North Carolina, 
 Mar. 1861-June 1863, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library. See William W. Hassler, ed., The Gen ¬ 
 eral to His Lady; the Civil War Letters of William Dorsey Pender to Fanny 
 Pender (Chapel Hill, 1965). 
 
 J. Johnston Pettigrew (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 After initial service at Charleston, Pettigrew was elected colonel of 
 the 22d North Carolina Infantry, served in the peninsular campaign, com¬ 
 manded the defenses of Petersburg, and participated in an expedition into 
 North Carolina. He was killed during the retreat of the Army of Northern 
 Virginia from Gettysburg. Papers of Pettigrew are in the North Carolina 
 Department of Archives and History and in the Southern Historical Collec¬ 
 tion in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 George E. Pickett (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 After commanding the defenses of the lower Rappahannock River, 
 Pickett led a brigade in the Army of the Peninsula and a division in the Ar¬ 
 my of Northern Virginia before he became commander of the Department 
 of North Carolina in 1863. In Jan. 1865 he again became a division com¬ 
 mander in the Army of Northern Virginia. A small collection of papers is 
 in Duke University Library; others are in the Henry E. Huntington Library 
 and in the Western Reserve Historical Society collections. 
 
 Harnet Pinson 
 
 Papers of Pinson, a surgeon from Arkansas who served in Alabama 
 and Louisiana, are in the Department of Archives of the Louisiana State 
 University. 
 
 Gideon J. Pillow (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Pillow served in 1861 in Missouri, in 1862 in the Western Department, 
 in 1863 as head of the Volunteer and Conscript Bureau of that department, 
 and in 1864 in northern Alabama. In Record Group 109 are copies of spe¬ 
 cial orders, letters sent, battle reports, and correspondence with the 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 329 
 
 Secretary of War on the surrender of Fort Donelson, Nov. 13, 1861-May 9, 
 1863 (ch. n, vol. 18); and letters, telegrams, and orders received and 
 sent, 1861-64 (1 1/3 in.). 
 
 Leonidas Polk (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Polk commanded the Western Department in 1861, organized the Ar¬ 
 my of the Mississippi in 1862, commanded a corps in the Army of Tennes¬ 
 see in 1863, and in 1864 the headquarters of paroled and exchanged prison¬ 
 ers at Enterprise, Miss., and the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, 
 and East Louisiana. In Record Group 109 are copies of letters sent, May 
 21, 1862-May 23, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 13 and index vol. 13 1/2); copies of tele¬ 
 grams sent. Mar. 18, 1863-Jan. 12, 1864 (ch. H, vol. 222 3/4); letters, 
 reports, telegrams received and sent, and orders and circulars received, 
 1861-64 (1 ft.); a register of letters received, July 1861-Dec. 1862 (ch. EE, 
 vols. 12 and 52 1/4 and an index vol.); endorsements on letters received, 
 
 July 12, 1861-Apr. 9, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 52 1/8 and an index vol.); extracts 
 of special orders received, June 1862-Aug. 1863 (ch. n, vol. 53 1/2); and 
 special orders issued by the commands of Gens. Polk, Stephen D. Lee, 
 Dabney H. Maury, and Richard Taylor, Mar. 26, 1862-Dec. 9, 1864 (ch. 
 n, vol. 15 and an index vol.). 
 
 Correspondence, diaries, and other papers of General Polk are in 
 the University of the South Library at Sewanee, Tenn. A volume in the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress contains copies of general and special orders and incom¬ 
 ing and outgoing communications, July 20, 1861-Apr. 12, 1864. A few items 
 of correspondence are in Duke University Library. The Southern Histori¬ 
 cal Collection in the University of North Carolina Library has correspond¬ 
 ence relating to operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia, 1861-64, 
 consisting partly of microfilm of the material in the University of the South 
 Library. Other Polk papers are in the Palmer collection of the Western 
 Reserve Historical Society. 
 
 Sterling Price (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Price commanded in 1861 the Missouri State Guard and in 1862 the 
 Army of the West; in 1862-63 he served in the Department of Mississippi 
 and East Louisiana and in 1864 commanded the District of Arkansas and 
 later the cavalry and the Missouri division in that district. In Record 
 Group 109 are copies of letters sent, Apr. 24, 1862-Mar. 9, 1865 (ch. H, 
 vols. 177, 178, and 178 1/2); endorsements on letters received and forward¬ 
 ed, Jan. 2, 1863-Mar. 10, 1865 (ch. H, vols. 203 and 204); general orders 
 issued by the Army of the West and General Price’s division, Apr. 29, 1862- 
 Dec. 8, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 211); orders and circulars issued, Jan. 1, 1864- 
 Mar. 8, 1865 (ch. n, vol. 209); special orders issued. Army of the West, 
 District of the Tennessee, and General Price's division. May 16, 1862-Dec. 
 31, 1863 (ch. n, vol. 208); a record of applications for furlough, Apr. - 
 June 1863 (ch. H, vol. 205); a record book containing rosters of officers 
 and data concerning promotions, elections, resignations, assignments, and 
 deaths, Feb. 1863-Mar. 1864 (ch. I, vol. 109 1/2); a roster of officers of 
 Price's division, 1862-63 (ch. I, vol. 110 1/2 and an index vol.); a record 
 book of Price's command, 1862-63 (ch. II, vol. 202); and a record book of 
 the 8th Division of the Missouri State Guard, including troops under Gener¬ 
 al Price, 1861-64 (ch. I, vol. 107 1/4). Fair copies of letters sent by Gen¬ 
 eral Price, July 19, 1861-Mar. 2, 1862, are with the Albert S. Johnston 
 papers in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
330 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 J. R. Purvis (Col.) 
 
 Purvis was assistant adjutant general in the Missouri State Guard 
 and later (1862) a purchasing agent at Little Rock. A small collection of 
 papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library includes wartime correspondence and orders. 
 
 William Quayle (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Quayle was an officer of the 9th Texas Cavalry. His correspondence, 
 1862-64, is in the University of Alabama Library. 
 
 John Reid (Maj.) 
 
 Reid served as a commissary officer under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price 
 in the Army of the West, the District of Tennessee, the Army of the Mis¬ 
 sissippi, the District of Arkansas, and in Texas. Correspondence and 
 other documents of Major Reid, 1862-65, are in the Department of Archives 
 of Louisiana State University. 
 
 Alexander W. Reynolds (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Reynolds commanded the 50th Virginia Infantry in western Virginia 
 and in Mississippi and was a brigadier general in the Army of Tennessee. 
 His papers are in the West Virginia University Library. 
 
 Oran M. Roberts (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Roberts, the commander of the 11th Texas Infantry, are in 
 the Texas Archives, University of Texas Library. 
 
 Sion H. Rogers (Col.) 
 
 Correspondence of Rogers, commander of the 47th North Carolina In¬ 
 fantry, is in Duke University Library. 
 
 Alfred Roman (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Correspondence, telegrams, reports, and memoranda of Colonel 
 Roman in the Library of Congress relate mainly to the career of General 
 Beauregard under whom Roman served as an assistant adjutant general and 
 inspector general during most of the war. 
 
 Lawrence Ross (Col.) 
 
 Ross was commander of the 6th Texas Cavalry. His papers are in 
 Baylor University Library. 
 
 Daniel Ruggles (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Ruggles’ command was at New Orleans, Camp Benjamin, La., and 
 at Corinth, Miss. In Record Group 109 are general and special orders 
 issued, Nov. 1, 1861-Feb. 22, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 278). Correspondence, 
 telegrams, reports, and other documents of General Ruggles are in Duke 
 University Library. Telegrams and other records on the Shiloh campaign 
 and a book containing copies of orders and letters concerning operations in 
 the western theater, 1862-65, are in the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania 
 National Military Park Library. Other correspondence and telegrams, 
 1862-65 (315 items), are in the Mississippi Department of Archives and 
 History. A few other letters and telegrams, 1861-63, are in Emory Univer¬ 
 sity Library. 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 331 
 Joseph H. Saunders (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Saunders, commander of the 33d North Carolina Infantry, 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 Andrew G. Scott (Maj.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are quartermaster accounts, 1863-64 (ch. Vm, 
 vol. 49), with copies of general and special orders received, relating to 
 Scott’s service as a quartermaster with the 14th Mississippi Volunteers, as 
 a brigade quartermaster with Brig. Gen. William E. Baldwin’s brigade in 
 the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, and with Brig. Gen. 
 Claudius W. Sears’ brigade in the Army of Tennessee. 
 
 William L. Scott (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Papers of Scott, an officer attached to the 21st North Carolina Infantry, 
 are in Duke University Library. 
 
 Henry C. Semple (Maj.) 
 
 Semple served in the Army of Tennessee and was transferred in 1864 
 to Mobile, Ala. Some of his correspondence in the Alabama Department of 
 Archives and History concerns his military service. 
 
 J. F. Sessions (Maj.) 
 
 Major Sessions was an officer of the 7th Mississippi Infantry and 
 Power’s Louisiana and Mississippi cavalry. His correspondence, orders, 
 reports, and other papers, 1862-65 (160 items), are in the Mississippi De¬ 
 partment of Archives and History. 
 
 Joseph F. Sessions (Capt.) 
 
 Captain Sessions was an officer of the 8th Mississippi Infantry. A 
 few of his papers, 1861-65, are in the Mississippi Department of Archives 
 and History. 
 
 Thomas L. Settle 
 
 Part of the papers of Settle, a surgeon from Virginia, relate to the 
 war period. They are in Duke University Library. 
 
 Samuel R. Simpson (Capt.) 
 
 Papers of Simpson, an assistant quartermaster with the 30th Tennes¬ 
 see Infantry, are in the Tennessee State Library and Archives. 
 
 William D. Simpson (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Some of Simpson’s papers in the South Caroliniana Library of the 
 University of South Carolina and in Duke University Library concern his 
 war service with the 14th South Carolina Infantry. 
 
 Gustavus W. Smith (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 See Gustavus W. Smith, Confederate War Papers; Fairfax Court 
 House, New Orleans, Seven Pines, Richmond and North Carolina (New 
 
 York, 1884). 
 
 Ashbel Smith (Col.) 
 
 Correspondence, orders, and reports of Smith, commander of the 
 
332 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 2d Texas Infantry, are in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas 
 Library. 
 
 Dabney H. Smith (Col.) 
 
 Smith’s papers in the Kentucky Historical Society collections contain 
 military rosters, casualty lists of Morgan’s cavalry, and correspondence 
 regarding Smith’s service with the 5th Kentucky Cavalry. 
 
 Robert A. Smith (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Smith, commander of the 10th Mississippi Infantry, 1861-64 
 (88 items), are in the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. 
 
 William D. Somers 
 
 Papers of Somers, a surgeon who served in hospitals at LaGrange, 
 Term., Jackson and Shubuta, Miss., and Cahaba and Selma, Ala., are in 
 Duke University Library. 
 
 Charles M. Stedman (Maj.) 
 
 Stedman was attached to the 44th North Carolina Infantry; his papers 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 William Steele (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Steele commanded the 7th Texas Cavalry, served in the Army of New 
 Mexico in 1862, and commanded the Indian Territory in 1863. In Record 
 Group 109 are copies of letters sent. Mar. 7, 1862-May 18, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 
 270). 
 
 William B. Taliaferro (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 In Record Group 109 are general and special orders and circulars 
 issued, Apr. 14, 1862-Apr. 7, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 16), with a casualty list of 
 May 8, 1862; a list of absentees without leave from the 3d Brigade, June- 
 July 1862; a roster of regimental officers of the Army of Northern Virginia, 
 1862; and lists of officers and men taken prisoner, July, 1861-June 1862. 
 General and special orders and circulars and letters received, Apr. 4, 
 1862-Apr. 4, 1863 (ch. H, vol. 7), also contain casualty lists and battle re¬ 
 ports. 
 
 Taliaferro commanded the 23d Virginia Infantry, served in the Army 
 of the Northwest in western Virginia in 1861, and Jackson’s Army of the 
 Valley in 1862-63. He later served in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 
 A sizable collection of Taliaferro’s papers, Nov. 1861-May 1865, in the 
 Confederate Museum includes correspondence, telegrams, orders, battle 
 reports, field returns of brigades of Jackson’s division, rolls of men on 
 extra duty, lists of employees, lists, registers, and statements of troops, 
 morning reports of military organizations in the Army of the Valley, and 
 reports of inspection, ordnance, and means of transportation. Other 
 Taliaferro papers, 1861-65 (254 items), in the William and Mary College 
 Library include correspondence, reports, and reminiscences concerning 
 Gen. T. J. Jackson. 
 
 John B. Tapscott (Lt.) 
 
 Tapscott served as an engineer officer in Richmond in 1862, on the 
 defenses of Petersburg and on a topographical survey of New Kent County, 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 333 
 
 Va., in 1863, on the defenses of eastern North Carolina in 1864, and with 
 the Army of Northern Virginia in 1864-65. His scrapbook is in the Henry 
 E. Huntington Library. 
 
 Samuel McD. Tate (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Papers of Tate, an officer who served with the 6th North Carolina In¬ 
 fantry, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library. 
 
 Richard Taylor (Lt. Gen.) 
 
 Taylor commanded the 9th Louisiana Infantry, served under General 
 Jackson in the Army of the Valley, commanded the District of West Loui¬ 
 siana during 1863-64, and became commander of the Department of Alabama, 
 Mississippi, and East Louisiana in Sept. 1864. Papers of General Taylor 
 in the Louisiana State Museum at New Orleans include correspondence, 
 telegrams, soldiers’ paroles, and rolls of prisoners of war surrendered. 
 Other papers of Taylor, Apr. 1863-May 1865, in the Louisiana Adjutant 
 General's Archives, Jackson Barracks, New Orleans, include corre¬ 
 spondence and reports. Taylor’s letter books, 1864-65, are in the 
 Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 George S. Thompson (Maj.) 
 
 Major Thompson served as a quartermaster with the 28th North Caro¬ 
 lina Infantry and with Brig. Gen. James H. Lane in Virginia during 1861-63. 
 He became depot quartermaster at Tallahassee, Fla., in Nov. 1864 but 
 soon transferred to Quincy, Fla., where he continued as post quartermaster 
 until the end of the war. His quartermaster records, 1861-65 (ca. 1,000 
 items), in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library include requisitions for supplies, muster rolls, pay records, 
 vouchers, receipts, and military orders. 
 
 Meriwether Jeff Thompson (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 An officer of the Missouri State Guard, Thompson served in Missou¬ 
 ri and Arkansas. Papers in the Southern Historical Collection in the Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library include correspondence, rosters, and 
 muster rolls chiefly of the Army of the Northern Sub-District of Arkansas, 
 paroles, a Confederate cipher invented by Thompson, an autobiography, 
 and reminiscences. Other papers of Thompson are in the Howard-Tilton 
 Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 Edward A. Thorne (Lt.) 
 
 Papers relating to Thorne’s service as an ordnance officer with the 
 24th North Carolina Infantry in Virginia and North Carolina are in Duke 
 University Library. 
 
 Earl Van Dorn (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 In 1861 Van Dorn commanded the Department of Texas and served in 
 the Army of the Potomac; in 1862 he commanded the Trans-Mississippi 
 District, the Army of the West, and the Department of Southern Mississippi 
 and East Louisiana in the defense of Vicksburg. After the battle of Corinth 
 he commanded the cavalry under General Pemberton. In Record Group 109 
 are copies of letters and telegrams sent, Jan. 23-May 24, 1862 (ch. H, vol. 
 179); endorsements on letters received, Feb. -May 1862 (ch. H, vol. 206); 
 
334 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 special orders issued, Jan. 29-May 15, 1862 (ch. II, vol. 210; available on 
 microfilm); and general and special orders and circulars issued, June 1862- 
 Feb. 1863 (1 1/2 in.). His papers in the Alabama Department of Archives 
 and History include correspondence, telegrams, orders, reports, and maps. 
 Copies of letters, orders, and telegrams sent, Jan. 23-June 22, 1862 (1 
 vol.), are in the Confederate Museum. Other letters and telegrams origi¬ 
 nating mainly in Tennessee and Mississippi are in the Manuscript Division 
 of the Library of Congress. Other papers of Van Dorn are in the Missouri 
 State Historical Society. 
 
 Alfred M. Waddell (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Papers of Waddell, an officer of the 3d North Carolina Cavalry, are 
 in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. 
 
 John G. Walker (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 After serving as a brigade and division commander in the Army of 
 Northern Virginia in 1862, Walker transferred to the Trans-Mississippi De¬ 
 partment where he participated in the Red River campaign and commanded 
 the District of West Louisiana in 1864 and the District of Texas, New Mexi¬ 
 co, and Arizona in 1864-65. His papers, 1862-64, in the Southern Histori¬ 
 cal Collection in the University of North Carolina Library include corre¬ 
 spondence, orders, messages, and reports. 
 
 William H. T. Walker (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 Walker served at Pensacola and in northern Virginia in 1861, with the 
 Army of the Mississippi in 1862, and with the Army of Tennessee in 1863-64. 
 Some correspondence of Walker is in Duke University Library. 
 
 Harvey W. Walter (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Walter served as judge advocate on General Bragg's staff, and letters 
 received by him from the general, Dec. 1861-Oct. 1863, are in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 James B. Walton (Col.) 
 
 Walton commanded the Washington Artillery Battalion in northern Vir¬ 
 ginia during 1861-63, and after June 1862 served also as chief of artillery 
 under General Longstreet. At the end of May 1863 he was relieved of the 
 command of the Washington Artillery Battalion and at the end of 1863 he 
 was ordered to the vicinity of Petersburg to assume command of the light 
 artillery under Longstreet. After inspection duty during part of 1864, he 
 resigned on July 8, 1864. Walton’s records in the Louisiana Historical 
 Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of 
 Tulane University include a file of correspondence, telegrams, general and 
 special orders, court-martial proceedings, and reports of boards of survey 
 on ordnance and ordnance stores and on horses, Apr. 27, 1861-Dec. 26, 
 
 1862 (198 items); letters sent and orders issued, Apr. 14, 1863-Jan. 8, 1864 
 (1 vol.); orders received and issued, Feb. 15, 1863-Jan. 23, 1864 (1 vol.); 
 and a register of papers forwarded, Aug. 1863-Jan. 1864 (1 vol.). Another 
 file of correspondence, orders, receipts, statistical reports on batteries, 
 recommendations for personnel actions, reports of boards of survey on 
 property, and surgeons’ morning reports, Aug. 1861-Nov. 1863 (1 in.) is in 
 the Lousiana Adjutant General’s Office, Jackson Barracks, New Orleans. 
 
COMMANDERS, STAFF OFFICERS, AND OTHER PERSONNEL 335 
 
 Henry C. Watkins (Maj.) 
 
 An extensive collection of correspondence and other papers. Mar. 
 1863-Mar. 1864, in the Confederate Museum relates to Watkins’ service as 
 a quartermaster under Brig. Gen. Henry A. Wise in Virginia and in the 
 Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Sixth Military District). 
 
 Joseph Wheeler (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 Correspondence, orders, and other military records of Wheeler as 
 a cavalry leader in the Army of Mississippi and the Army of Tennessee are 
 in the Alabama Department of Archives and History. 
 
 George D. White 
 
 Copies of letters of White, a surgeon who served with the 29th Virgin¬ 
 ia Infantry, in charge of the Farmville (Va.) General Hospital, and medical 
 director of Colquitt’s brigade in the Department of North Carolina and 
 Southern Virginia, are in the Columbia University Libraries. 
 
 Octavius A. White 
 
 Papers of White, a surgeon who served in North and South Carolina, 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library. 
 
 William H. C. Whiting (Maj. Gen.) 
 
 General Whiting commanded a division in the Army of Northern Vir¬ 
 ginia until his transfer late in 1862 to the command of the Cape Fear River 
 and the defenses of Wilmington. In Record Group 109 are correspondence, 
 orders, battle reports, inspection notes, and maps, 1861-65 (2 in.). Afew 
 copies of letters sent, orders, and commissions of Whiting are in the North 
 Carolina Department of Archives and History. 
 
 Edward Willis (Col.) 
 
 Colonel Willis served on the staff of Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson, com¬ 
 mander of the Army of the Northwest, during 1861-62, as an artillery and 
 ordnance officer on Maj. Gen. T. J. Jackson’s staff in 1862, and as colonel 
 of the 12th Georgia Infantry in 1863-64. Correspondence, orders, and 
 other papers of Willis, 1861-64 (506 items), are in the Henry E. Huntington 
 Library. 
 
 Edward Willis (Maj.) 
 
 Willis served as a quartermaster under Brig. Gen. Thomas F. Dray¬ 
 ton in the Department of South Carolina during 1861-62, as post quartermas¬ 
 ter at Charleston from about Dec. 1862 to Apr. 1864, as Chief Quartermas¬ 
 ter on the staff of General Beauregard in the Department of North Carolina 
 and Southern Virginia, May-Oct. 1864, and as Chief Quartermaster under 
 Beauregard in the Military Division of the West. Records of Willis in the 
 Library of Congress include press copies of letters sent, Oct. 20, 1861- 
 May 23, 1864 (5 vols.); correspondence, telegrams, orders, and memo¬ 
 randa, Apr. 22, 1864-Jan. 28, 1865 (4 vols.); requisitions for supplies, Oct. 
 1861-Oct. 1864 (2 vols.); a record of expenditures, Oct. 1861-July 1862 (1 
 vol.); a receipt book, Oct. 30, 1861-Nov. 13, 1864; a list of quartermasters 
 who served under Willis, 1862-64; and records relating to blockade runners. 
 
336 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Claudius C. Wilson (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Wilson, commander of the 25th Georgia Infantry, 1861-63, 
 are in the Georgia Historical Society. 
 
 David R. E. Winn (Lt. Col.) 
 
 Winn was an officer of the 4th Georgia Infantry. His letters, 1861-63 
 (54 items), are in Emory University Library. 
 
 Henry A. Wise (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 In 1861 Wise commanded the Wise legion in the Kanawha Valley and 
 served at Richmond, in 1862 in North Carolina and in the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, in 1863 in South Carolina, in 1864 in the Department of North 
 Carolina and Southern Virginia, and in 1865 in the Army of Northern Vir¬ 
 ginia. In Record Group 109 are copies of letters sent, June 29, 1861-May 
 4, 1864 (ch. n, vols. 318-322); special orders issued, Aug. 7, 1861-May 13, 
 1864 (ch. n, vols. 323 and 324); and a miscellaneous record book, 1861-63 
 (ch. n, vol. 325), containing rosters of officers, a record of leave granted, 
 and a record of papers passing through the brigade adjutant’s office. 
 
 Sterling A. M. Wood (Brig. Gen.) 
 
 After commanding the 7th Alabama Infantry in Florida in 1861, Wood 
 served in the Army of the Mississippi and the Army of Tennessee. Copies 
 of Wood’s papers, Nov. 21, 1860-Oct. 9, 1863, in the Alabama Department 
 of Archives and History include correspondence, orders, battle reports, 
 and court-martial proceedings. 
 
 George Wortham (Col.) 
 
 Some papers of Wortham, commander of the 50th North Carolina In¬ 
 fantry, in the North Carolina Department of Archives and History relate to 
 the settlement of claims for damaged property and runaway slaves. 
 
 John C. Wrenshall (Capt.) 
 
 Captain Wrenshall was an engineer officer in Tennessee and Georgia. 
 After July 1864 he was stationed at Macon, Ga. Papers that had been pre¬ 
 served by Wrenshall were presented by his daughter in 1931 to the Office of 
 the Chief of Engineers. Now in Record Group 77 (Records of the Office of 
 the Chief of Engineers), these papers, 1862-65, include reports on recon¬ 
 naissances of roads, rivers, trails, bridges, fords, ferries, and fortifica¬ 
 tions in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia; reports on the condition of the 
 Macon & Western Railroad and the Western & Atlantic Railroad; maps and 
 plans of topographical features, fortifications, battlefields, and railroad 
 lines; correspondence; and other documents. Some of the material concerns 
 a depot of engineer supplies and a photographic department that were main¬ 
 tained at Macon. 
 
 Augustus R. Wright (Col.) 
 
 Papers of Wright, commander of the 38th Georgia Infantry, are in 
 the University of Georgia Library. 
 
 Howard C. Wright (Lt.) 
 
 Letters of Wright relating to the siege of Port Hudson, La., and his 
 imprisonment at Johnson’s Island are in the New-York Historical Society. 
 
VIII. NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Confederate Navy Department was established by an act of Feb. 
 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 33), which also provided for a Secre¬ 
 tary of the Navy and several clerks. An act passed 2 weeks later author¬ 
 ized a chief clerk, who was also to serve as disbursing and corresponding 
 clerk, three other clerks, and a messenger (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 53). 
 Edward M. Tidball of Virginia was appointed chief clerk on Mar. 13 and 
 continued in that capacity throughout the war. 
 
 An act of Mar. 16, 1861, providing for the organization of the Navy 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 74), authorized a Marine Corps and the assign¬ 
 ment to the Navy Department of officers who became the heads of the Office 
 of Ordnance and Hydrography, the Office of Orders and Detail, the Office 
 of Provisions and Clothing, and the Office of Medicine and Surgery. Other 
 legislation that is referred to below resulted in the formation of additional 
 offices that became known as the Office of Special Service, Engineer- 
 in-Chief, Chief Constructor, and the Torpedo Bureau. Since the former 
 U. S. naval officers who could fill the assignments authorized by the act of 
 Mar. 16, 1861, were then serving in State navies, the appointment of offi¬ 
 cers to the Navy Department was delayed until June 1861. 
 
 The maximum strength initially authorized for the Confederate Navy 
 was 3,000, but the authorized strength for officers was increased by an act 
 of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 50). Commissions were given pri¬ 
 marily to former officers of the U.S. Navy. In May 1863 a Provisional 
 Navy was authorized (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 161), in an attempt to increase 
 the naval personnel. Officers appointed in it were to hold commissions 
 only during the war, and the necessary personnel and vessels were to be 
 transferred from the Regular to the Provisional Navy. Both were to be 
 governed by the same laws and regulations. In his report of Apr. 30, 1864, 
 Secretary Mallory stated that the Provisional Navy had been organized; its 
 composition was given in the 1864 Navy Register . 
 
 Seamen for the Confederate Navy were obtained largely by recruiting, 
 but this method did not obtain enough men. An act of Oct. 2, 1862 (1 Cong. 
 C.S.A. Stat. 67), permitted men subject to conscription for military ser¬ 
 vice to enlist in the Navy, but naval officers sent to conscript camps had 
 little success in recruiting. Bounties were authorized to encourage enlist¬ 
 ments and reenlistments in the Navy and Marine Corps. Authorization for 
 men to transfer from the Army to the Navy was ineffective; by a War De¬ 
 partment order of early 1864, 960 men were transferred from the Army to 
 the Navy. In April 1864 the Confederate Navy included 4,460 enlisted men 
 and 753 officers. 
 
 
338 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 The number of vessels in the Confederate Navy at its peak strength 
 was about 200, and Confederate efforts to acquire auxiliary navies were 
 largely unsuccessful. Privateers were authorized by Presidential procla¬ 
 mation on Apr. 17, 1861, and rules controlling them were enacted on May 
 6, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 100). Many prizes were captured during 
 the first year of war, but the Union blockade and the refusal of foreign na¬ 
 tions to permit the entry of prizes into their ports soon resulted in the dis¬ 
 appearance of Confederate privateers from the seas. In Apr. 1863 the Gov¬ 
 ernment agreed to accept privately armed vessels into its service and to 
 organize them as a Volunteer Navy (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 111). Capital for 
 the construction and arming of such vessels was lacking, however, and 
 this auxiliary navy did not materialize. 
 
 Stephen R. Mallory was sworn in as Secretary of the Navy on Mar. 8, 
 1861, and served throughout the war. 
 
 Reports of the Confederate 
 Navy Department were published in 
 pamphlet form during the war, but 
 they are now more accessible in 
 U. S. Navy Department, Official Re ¬ 
 cords of the Union and Confederate 
 Navies in the War of the Rebellion 
 (31 vols.; Washington, 1894-1927), 
 
 hereafter cited as Official Records 
 ... Navies . The reports are in ser. 
 
 2, vol. 2, as follows: Apr. 26, 
 
 1861, p. 51-57; July 18, 1861, p. 76- 
 79; Feb. 27, 1861, p. 149-159; Mar. 
 
 29, 1862, p. 174-176; Aug. 16, 1862, 
 p. 241-253; Nov. 30, 1863, p. 528- 
 561; Apr. 30, 1864, p. 630-648; Nov. 
 
 5, 1864, p. 743-763. The last four 
 reports are useful in showing bur¬ 
 eau activities. Reports of Nov. 18, 
 
 1861, and Jan. 10, 1863, are mis¬ 
 sing. Information on individual 
 
 Most of the records of the Nav 
 soon after, the evacuation of Richmond" in 1865 (Stephen R. Mallory to 
 James H. Rochelle, May 21, 1867, Rochelle Papers, Duke University Li¬ 
 brary). At the end of the war the Navy Department was housed in the War 
 Department building, and records were probably burned or pillaged when 
 that structure was destroyed by fire. Some records were taken south by 
 train on the evacuation of Richmond, but these records, deposited at the 
 Charlotte Navy Yard, apparently were deliberately destroyed. 
 
 Some Navy Department records, however, were among captured Con¬ 
 federate War Department records taken north to Washington. Only part of 
 the records of Confederate naval vessels and stations remain, and these 
 records are dispersed, usually among the papers of commanding officers, 
 in numerous repositories in both the North and the South. Naval battles 
 and the abandonment of naval stations and ships resulted in the destruction 
 of records, while some records were carried off by officers retreating 
 from captured stations or from vessels set afire. 
 
 naval vessels is in "Confederate 
 States Vessels, " in Official Records 
 ... Navies , ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 247- 
 272, and a list of privateers is in ser. 
 1, p. 818-819. A more complete al¬ 
 phabetical list of naval vessels is in 
 U. S. Navy Department, Office of the 
 Chief of Naval Operations, Naval 
 History Division, "Confederate Forces 
 Afloat, " in Dictionary of American 
 Naval Fighting Ships, 2:487-589 
 (Washin^on, 1963). Joseph T. Durkin, 
 Stephen R. Mallory, Confederate Na¬ 
 vy Chief (Chapel Hill, 1954); William 
 M. Robinson, Jr., The Confederate 
 Privateers (New Haven, 1928);Willi- 
 am N. Still, Jr., "ConfederateNaval 
 Strategy; the Ironclad, " Journal of 
 Southern History, 27:330-343 (Aug. 
 
 i9TOr 
 
 Department were "destroyed upon, & 
 
NAVAL RECORDS COLLECTION 
 
 339 
 
 NAVAL RECORDS COLLECTION OF THE OFFICE OF 
 NAVAL RECORDS AND LIBRARY 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -The largest body of documents on the Confederate 
 Navy is in Record Group 45 (Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval 
 Records and Library). The U.S. Navy Department began acquiring docu¬ 
 ments relating to the Confederate States Navy while the war was in progress. 
 Papers obtained by Union officers and forwarded to the Department can 
 still be found in its files with letters attesting to their origin. A systematic 
 program for obtaining records was initiated after the Naval War Records 
 Office was authorized in 1884 to undertake the publication of documents on 
 the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. The Office 
 employed for many years an agent whose task was to locate, examine, and 
 obtain as gifts or loans papers in private or institutional hands for use in 
 the publication. In order to insure the success of the program, a former 
 Confederate naval officer, Hardin B. Littlepage, was employed in 1889. 
 
 The position was continued until about 1920. A total of 2,232 documents, or 
 copies of documents, were procured from many different sources, including 
 former Confederate naval officers and other officials or members of their 
 families, the Confederate Museum, the John Thomas Scharf Collection now 
 in the collections of the Maryland Historical Society, the Confederate State 
 Department papers in the Library of Congress, the Louisiana Historical 
 Association, the Southern Historical Society, and the Virginia Historical 
 Society. 
 
 The Office of Naval Records and Library obtained other records re¬ 
 lating to the Confederate Navy from departments of the Federal Government. 
 In 1930 the Office received from the War Department more than 600 papers 
 relating to personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps, 2 muster rolls, 26 
 clothing rolls, a Marine Corps payroll, and registers of the hospital ship 
 Gaines . A receipt signed by Capt. Dudley W. Knox is accompanied by lists 
 of the names of the personnel to whom the papers relate (Adjutant General's 
 Office, General Correspondence File, 314.81 ORD). In June 1934 some 30 
 documents relating to naval inventions were received from the War Depart¬ 
 ment. In 1909 the Office received from the Treasury Department records 
 relating to officers and enlisted personnel of the Confederate States Navy 
 (Office of the Secretary of the Navy, General Correspondence File, 27149). 
 
 Officers and others whose records were deposited in or lent to the 
 Office of Naval Records and Library are as follows: 
 
 Averett, Samuel W. 
 Baker, James McC. 
 Baker, Thomas Harrison 
 Barney, Joseph N. 
 Barron, Samuel 
 Benjamin, Judah P. 
 Brent, Thomas W. 
 
 Bragg, Braxton 
 Brooke, John M. 
 Buchanan, Franklin 
 Bulloch, James D. 
 Carter, Jonathan H. 
 Carter, William F. 
 
 Cary, Clarence 
 
 Chalaron, J. A. 
 
 Cooke, James W. 
 Duvall, R. C. 
 Eggleston, Everard T. 
 Eggleston, John R. 
 Faries, T. A. 
 
 Farrand, Ebenezer 
 Forrest, French 
 Galt, George W. 
 Goodwyn, Matthew P. 
 Gregg, A. 
 
 Gunther, C. F. 
 Guthrie, John J. 
 Hodges, W. R. 
 
 Hoge, Francis L. 
 Hollins, George N. 
 Hunter, William W. 
 Ingraham, Duncan N. 
 Jackson, Thomas A. 
 Jones, Catesby ap R. 
 Jones, C. Lucian 
 Kennedy, Charles H. 
 Littlepage, Hardin B. 
 Loyal, Benjamin P. 
 McCarrick, James W. 
 McCarrick, Patrick H. 
 Maffitt, John N. 
 Mallory, Stephen R. 
 
340 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Minor, Robert D. 
 Mitchell, John K. 
 Mitchell, K. 
 
 Mason, James M. 
 Maxwell, John 
 
 Ramsay, Henry A. 
 Randolph, Victor M. 
 Ruggles, Edward S. 
 Russell, Lord John 
 Sage, B. J. 
 
 Putnam, W. L. 
 
 Stone, S. G., Jr. 
 Swain, Edward A. 
 Tattnall, Josiah 
 
 Tomb, James H. 
 Tucker, John R. 
 
 Morgan, James M. 
 Murdaugh, William H. 
 
 Sanders, George N. 
 Semmes, Raphael 
 
 Waddell, James I. 
 Ware, Thomas R. 
 Webb, William A. 
 
 North, James H. 
 Page, Thomas J. 
 
 Simms, Charles C. 
 Sinclair, Arthur 
 
 Warley, Alexander F. 
 Wilson, John A. 
 
 Pointdexter, Carter B. 
 
 Porter, John L. 
 Porter, J. W. H. 
 
 Sinclair, George T. 
 Slidell, James 
 
 Wood, John Taylor 
 Wright, Marcus J. 
 
 Instead of maintaining the records of offices and the officers’ papers 
 intact in the series or collections in which it received them, the Office of 
 Naval Records and Library arranged them in two large conglomerate files: 
 the area file and the subject file. The origin of these files is described in 
 Guide to Federal Archives Relating to the Civil War, p. 450-451. Since 
 that guide was published the documents in these files relating to the Confed¬ 
 erate Navy have been segregated but left in their old arrangement by area 
 and subject. 
 
 The area file (1 1/4 ft.; available on microfilm as M 625) includes 
 documents relating to parts of the Confederacy and the waters in which the 
 Confederate Navy operated. The pertinent areas are described below; 
 areas 1-3 are not pertinent. It contains original correspondence and copies 
 of correspondence of the Navy Department, naval and privateer and milita¬ 
 ry officers, the First Auditor, the Secretary of the Treasury, the War De¬ 
 partment, the Post Office Department, telegrams, paymasters’ vouchers 
 for services and provisions, receipts for funds and supplies, printed ma¬ 
 terials, edited copy prepared for the Official Records. . .Navies, naval 
 officers’ recollections, invoices, certificates of the commissioning of ves¬ 
 sels, contracts for work on naval vessels, reports of commanding officers 
 of vessels, bills for pilotage, and travel orders and vouchers. The file for 
 area 4 (eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean and all of the South Atlantic Ocean, 
 including the waters off the coast of South America) contains correspond¬ 
 ence and other documents relating to operations of Confederate cruisers 
 and the Confederate naval headquarters in Paris. The file for area 5 (Mis¬ 
 sissippi River and its tributaries) contains documents relating to the Mis¬ 
 sissippi River Squadron and the New Orleans, Little Rock, Shreveport, and 
 Yazoo City Naval Stations. The file for area 6 (Gulf of Mexico) contains 
 documents relating to the Mobile Squadron; the defense of Ship Island and 
 Apalachicola; the Mobile, Columbus, Pensacola, Selma, Galveston, and 
 Shreveport Naval Stations; the Selma Naval Gun Foundry; the Augusta and 
 Atlanta Naval Ordnance Works; and the Oven Bluff Shipyard. The file for 
 area 7 (North Atlantic Ocean) contains documents relating to the Norfolk 
 Navy Yard, the Virginia Navy, the naval defenses of North Carolina and 
 Virginia, naval gun batteries and obstructions on Virginia rivers, the James 
 River Squadron, the North Carolina Squadron, the submarine torpedo ser¬ 
 vice, the Wilmington Naval Station, and the Selma Naval Gun Foundry. The 
 file for area 8 (South Atlantic Ocean) contains documents relating to the 
 Charleston and Savannah Squadrons, the Charlotte, Charleston, Marion 
 Courthouse, Savannah, and Wilmington Naval Stations, and the operations 
 of privateers. A card index to the area file, prepared by the Office of 
 
SECRETARY OF THE NAVY 
 
 341 
 
 Naval Records and Library, is mainly to names of persons and ships. 
 
 The subject file, 1861-65 (ca. 24 ft.), contains a much larger quanti¬ 
 ty and greater variety of documents. The main divisions of the alphabetic 
 classification adopted for this are as follows: 
 
 A. Naval Ships: Design, Construction, etc. 
 
 B. Ordnance 
 
 D. Communication 
 
 E. Engineering 
 
 H. Battles and Casualties to Ships 
 
 I. Instructions 
 
 K. Nautical Technology and Science 
 
 M. Medical 
 
 N. Personnel 
 
 O. Operations of Naval Ships and Fleet Units 
 
 P. Bases, Naval 
 
 R. Prisoners and Prisons 
 
 S. Merchant Ships and Commerce 
 
 V. Governmental Relationships—Domestic and Foreign 
 
 X. Supplies (including Finance) 
 
 Y. Pensions and Pensioners 
 
 Z. History 
 
 Much of the correspondence 
 in the above records is in the Offi ¬ 
 cial Records . . . Navies , ser. 1 
 and 2. Considerable correspond¬ 
 ence derived from captured Confed¬ 
 erate records in the custody of the 
 War, Navy, and Treasury Depart¬ 
 ments, relating to the activities of 
 Confederate cruisers, had previous¬ 
 ly been published in the U. S. De¬ 
 partment of State, Correspondence 
 Concerning Claims Against Great 
 Britain... (7 vols.; Washington, 
 
 1869-71), published also as S. Ex. 
 
 Doc. 11, 41 Cong., Isess., Serials 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Custody of subject file Z (History) has 
 been retained by the Naval History Division of the U. S. Navy Department 
 quartered in the National Archives Building. Subdivisions of file Z on naval 
 officers, ships, or stations consist mostly of data compiled by the division 
 and correspondence relating to inquiries on naval history, but the files con¬ 
 tain some original documents or copies concerning particular officers, 
 ships, or stations. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -The materials assembled by the Office of Naval 
 Records and Library, embracing area and subject files that are described 
 above, included many of Secretary Mallory’s letters. The area file in¬ 
 cludes letters sent by Mallory to naval officers, the chiefs of Navy 
 
 1394-1398). 
 
 Official publications of the Con¬ 
 federate Navy Department include 
 annual reports, circulars, communi¬ 
 cations to Congress, findings and 
 opinions of courts-martial and courts 
 of inquiry, general orders, instruc¬ 
 tions, registers, regulations, and 
 special reports. Lists of these pub¬ 
 lications, which are in the category 
 of rare books, are in Crandall, Con ¬ 
 federate Imprints, 1:148-153, and 
 Harwell, More Confederate Imprints, 
 1:48-49. 
 
342 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Department offices, President Davis, the Secretary of War, the Secretary 
 of the Treasury, the First Auditor (Bolling Baker), the chairmen of the 
 Committees on Naval Affairs of the Congress, and letters received from 
 many of the same. Correspondence with many persons on the business of 
 the Navy Department is in the subject file. Some correspondence with B. 
 
 J. Sage, a master in the Confederate Navy, concerns the establishment of 
 a volunteer navy. 
 
 Record Group 59 . - -In the general records of the Department of State 
 are copies of letters sent by the Secretary of the Navy, Feb. 24-May 10, 
 1862 (1 in.). These are addressed to Capts. Franklin Buchanan, French 
 Forrest, Josiah Tattnall, and Sidney S. Lee and concern the naval defense 
 of Virginia and the construction of the ironclads Virginia and Richmond , the 
 obstruction of Elizabeth River, and the removal of the Confederate Navy 
 from Norfolk. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Most of Secretary Mallory’s papers were 
 destroyed on his instructions, but his papers, 1846-72 (93 items; on micro¬ 
 film), in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Caro¬ 
 lina Library include some wartime correspondence containing information 
 on naval matters. His diary. May 30, 1861-Jan. 24, 1866 (2 vols.), in the 
 same repository (typescript in the Library of Congress) gives information 
 on naval affairs, cabinet meetings, political conditions, relations between 
 the President and Congress, the flight of the Cabinet after the evacuation 
 of Richmond, and his imprisonment. 
 
 Correspondence of Secretary 
 Mallory is in Official Records... 
 
 Navies , ser. 1 and 2; Official Re¬ 
 cords. .. Armies, ser. 4, vols. 1-3; 
 
 Correspondence Concerning Claims 
 Against Great Britain , cited above, 
 and in C.S. A. Congress, Joint Spe¬ 
 cial Committee, Report of Evidence 
 Taken before a Joint Special Com ¬ 
 mittee of Both Houses of the Con¬ 
 federate Congress To Investigate 
 the Affairs of the Navy Department 
 (Richmond, 1863?), largely reprint- 
 
 ed in Official Records... Navies , ser. 
 2, vol. 1, p. 431-809. This compila¬ 
 tion contains documentary material 
 on naval activities at New Orleans 
 and the operations of the Mississippi 
 River Squadron during 1861-62. 
 
 Other Mallory letters are among the 
 records of naval squadrons and sta¬ 
 tions described below and with the 
 papers of President Davis and the 
 records of Congress and the execu¬ 
 tive departments described in other 
 chapters of this Guide. 
 
 OFFICE OF ORDERS AND DETAIL 
 
 An act of Mar. 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 74), providedthat 
 the officer in charge of this bureau was to "prepare and issue all orders 
 and details for service, and... have charge of all matters and things con¬ 
 nected with courts martial and courts of enquiry, and with the custody of 
 all records and papers thereunto appertaining. " The Navy Regulations is¬ 
 sued in Apr. 1862 directed this office to keep a register of the service of 
 officers and service records of officers containing applications, declina¬ 
 tions, explanations for leaving assignment before completion, and charges 
 and complaints and their disposition. An act of Apr. 4, 1863 (1 Cong. 
 
 C.S. A. Stat. 105), provided for the position of registrar. James S. Jones 
 transferred to this position from that of chief clerk in which he was followed 
 by George L. Brent. A circular of July 18, 1863, directed the sending 
 of communications to this office on the "equipment of vessels, except 
 
OFFICE OF ORDERS AND DETAIL 
 
 343 
 
 ordnance; recruiting service; transfers from the army to the navy; receiv¬ 
 ing ships; supplies of coal; all matters connected with courts martial and 
 courts of inquiry and the details of stations generally; all acknowledgments 
 of orders; all applications for service and change of service, and for leave 
 of absence. ” Recruiting stations were maintained by officers at Richmond, 
 Raleigh, Macon, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans. Receiving ships for 
 the temporary accommodation of recruits and seamen detached from ves¬ 
 sels were maintained at most of the navy yards and stations. Supervision 
 of a ropewalk that opened at Petersburg, Va., in Jan. 1863 was placed un¬ 
 der this office on Apr. 1. 
 
 The circular quoted above evidently transferred the business of pro¬ 
 curing coal from the Office of Provisions and Clothing to the Office of Or¬ 
 ders and Detail. An ’’Office of Superintendent of Coal Contracts” was 
 established in the Navy Department late in 1862 under Comdr. John K. Mit¬ 
 chell. He became head of the Office of Orders and Detail in Mar. 1863 and 
 cognizance over coal supply was placed under that office. 
 
 Courts-martial and courts of inquiry were conducted by the Navy De¬ 
 partment to determine the responsibility of officers in cases in which they 
 were involved. For example, in July 1§62 in Richmond a court-martial 
 tried Capt. Josiah Tattnall for ordering the destruction of the Virginia and 
 decided that his action had been justified. In Jan. 1863 Comdr. John K. 
 Mitchell's conduct as commander of the Confederate fleet in the battle of 
 New Orleans was investigated and he was exonerated. 
 
 C.S. Navy Department, Pro ¬ 
 ceedings of a Naval General Court 
 Martial, in the Case of Captain 
 josiah Tattnall (Richmond, 1862), 
 
 Finding and Opinion of a Naval 
 
 Court of Inquiry Convened in the 
 City of Richmond, Va., January 5th , 
 1863 I To Investigate the Conduct of 
 
 Comdr. John K. Mitchell] (Rich¬ 
 mond, 1863). 
 
 After the Secretary of the Navy was authorized by an act of Apr. 4, 
 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 105), to employ pilots for Government-owned 
 blockade-runners, naval officers were sent to Wilmington, N. C., and other 
 ports to assign pilots and signalmen to the vessels. The port officer at 
 Wilmington established lights, signals, and sailing directions, and exer¬ 
 cised general supervision over trading vessels. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Office: 
 
 Capt. Samuel Barron, June 1861. 
 
 Capt. Lawrence Rousseau, July 1861. 
 
 Capt. William F. Lynch, Aug. 1861. 
 
 Capt. Franklin Buchanan, Sept. 1861. 
 
 Capt. French Forrest, May 1862. 
 
 Capt. John K. Mitchell, Mar. 1863. 
 
 Capt. Sidney S. Lee, May 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . --In subject file N (Personnel) are documents that 
 would also have been in the files of the Office of Orders and Detail. The 
 subdivisions containing material on the Confederate Navy are as follows: 
 
 NA. Complements, Rolls, Lists of Persons Serving in or with Ves¬ 
 sels of Stations 
 
 NC. Ceremonies, Salutes, Courtesies, Honors, etc. 
 
 NE. Drills, Training, and Education 
 
 NF. Distribution and Transfers 
 
344 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 NH. Heroic Acts, Commendations, Honors, Memorials, and Medals 
 
 NI. Promotion and Privileges; Rank, Retirement and Reinstatement 
 
 NJ. Discipline (Minor) and Minor Delinquencies 
 
 NK. Technical and Professional Examinations of Individuals 
 
 NL. Living Conditions, Customs, etc. 
 
 NN. Commissions, Appointments, Applications, Acceptances, Oaths, 
 
 Resignations, Discharges, and Similar Documents 
 
 NO. Courts-martial, etc. 
 
 NP. Pilots 
 
 NR. Recruiting and Enlistments, Shipping Articles, etc. 
 
 NU. Uniforms, Characteristics 
 
 NV. Miscellaneous Material Relative to Personnel 
 NZ. Desertions and Straggling 
 
 In the Naval Records Collection are rolls relating to personnel of the 
 Confederate Navy. Muster rolls and payrolls of naval vessels. May 1861- 
 Apr. 1865 (1 ft.), are arranged alphabetically by name of vessel and there¬ 
 under chronologically. They show the names and rank of men, the pay 
 period, the amount of pay per month, the total amount paid, the amount al¬ 
 lowed for undrawn rations, the amount due from other vessels, the amount 
 paid in clothing, and the date of enlistment. Some rolls include officers and 
 enlisted men, others are for officers, and still others are for men trans¬ 
 ferred from one vessel to another. Included are requisitions for small 
 stores, lists of clothing issued to crews, and registers of allotments made 
 by crew members. Muster rolls and payrolls for naval stations and squad¬ 
 rons, June 1861-Sept. 1864 (7 vols., 1 ft. 9 in.), give the same information 
 for the stations at Charleston, Jackson, Mobile, New Orleans, Richmond, 
 Savannah, and Wilmington and the squadrons on the James River and off the 
 coasts of North and South Carolina. 
 
 Other muster rolls, payrolls, and lists of naval and marine personnel, 
 1861-65 (1 ft.), are in subject file NA in the Naval Records Collection. 
 
 These are for vessels, stations, squadrons, privateers, blockade-runners, 
 and naval shore batteries. Payrolls, receipts, and accounts of revenue 
 cutter officers, 1861-65 (1/2 in.), in subject file OV are for officers who 
 served with the Navy in the Mississippi River Squadron and the Mobile 
 Squadron. 
 
 Shipping articles. May 1861-Feb. 1865 (1 vol.), consist of printed 
 forms with the statement in the heading that those signing agreed to enlist 
 in the Confederate Navy, to go on board such vessels as they might be or¬ 
 dered to, and to obey the naval laws and regulations. Grouped together by 
 recruiting station or vessel, the forms give the date of enlistment, the 
 signature or mark of the recruit, the name of the recruit, rating, monthly 
 wages advanced, bounty paid, signature of surety for advance wages and 
 bounty, and witnesses’ names. Other shipping articles are in the payrolls 
 of civilian employees described below. An alphabetical name index to the 
 shipping articles, which was prepared by the Office of Naval Records and 
 Library, contains more than 5,000 names. 
 
 A list of muster rolls of Con¬ 
 federate vessels and lists of the 
 names of officers and men on the 
 rolls are in Official Records . . . 
 Navies, ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 273-323, 
 
 which is indexed. The Confederate 
 Navy Department published a Regis¬ 
 ter of the Officers of the Confederate 
 Navy in three volumes during 1862- 
 64. The Office of Naval Records 
 
OFFICE OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY 
 
 345 
 
 and Library published a consolida¬ 
 ted register in 1898, and a revised 
 edition appeared in 1931. Other pay 
 and muster rolls of naval vessels 
 and stations are described in chap¬ 
 ter VI of this Guide under the sec¬ 
 tion on the First Auditor. 
 
 Many orders from the Chief 
 of the Office of Orders and Detail 
 are in the Office of Naval Records 
 and Library area file described 
 above. Some general orders and 
 circulars signed by the same offi¬ 
 cial and a few general orders signed 
 
 by Secretary Mallory for the period 
 Sept. 20, 1862-June 15, 1864, are in 
 the Register of the Commissioned 
 and Warrant Officers of the Navy of 
 the Confederate States to January 1, 
 1864, p. 82-93 (Richmond, 1864). 
 
 See the records of Congress for nom¬ 
 inations of men for commissions in 
 the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the 
 Provisional Navy. Carded service 
 records of naval and marine person¬ 
 nel compiled by the U.S. War De¬ 
 partment are described in chapter 
 XI of this Guide. 
 
 Record Group 56 . - -In the records of the U. S. Department of the 
 Treasury, Captured and Abandoned Property Records (file 5997) are a 
 few payrolls and muster rolls of the James River Squadron. These include 
 a payroll of the squadron itself, fourth quarter 1863, and transfer, pay, 
 receipt, and muster rolls of crews of the Beaufort and Roanoke transferred 
 to Wilmington, Sept. 30, 1864, of the naval battery at Drewry’s Bluff trans¬ 
 ferred to Charleston, Sept. 30, 1863, and a roll of the Roanoke, Nov. 15, 
 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --During May-July 1861, Comdr. William 
 W. Hunter conducted a recruiting station at New Orleans. His correspond¬ 
 ence for that period, including communications from the Office of Orders 
 and Detail, is in the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit 
 in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
 The papers of William Phi- 
 neas Browne, a coal-mine operator 
 who furnished coal to naval estab¬ 
 lishments, are in a collection at 
 the Alabama Department of Archives 
 and History. A long letter from 
 Browne to Comdr. JohnK. Mitchell, 
 Feb. 26, 1863, concerns difficulties 
 
 encountered in mining coal and trans¬ 
 porting it. Letters from Julius A. 
 Pratt, then attached to the Selma 
 Naval Station, from the foundry 
 there, and from J. L. M. Curry, 
 Representative from Alabama, are 
 also in the collection. 
 
 OFFICE OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY 
 
 Under the provisions of an act of Mar. 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. 
 Stat. 74), this Office purchased or manufactured ordnance, ordnance stores 
 and equipment, and attended to duties connected with hydrography. Heavy 
 guns, shells, and powder captured at the Norfolk Navy Yard provided an 
 immediate supply of ordnance that was distributed to naval vessels, bat¬ 
 teries, and stations. An act of Jan. 14, 1862 (Prov Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 240), 
 authorized the appointment of a draftsman for the Office, and Frederick 
 Volck was assigned to the post. Other draftsmen employed by the Office in 
 1862 included A. von Fischer and John Barker. Other employees in 1863 
 included Lt. John M. Brooke, assistant to the chief. Chief Clerk J. O. 
 McCorkle, and Elliott Lacey, a mathematician. The Office directed naval 
 ordnance works at Richmond, Charlotte, Selma, Columbia, Atlanta, New 
 Orleans, Augusta, Columbus, and the Naval Academy on the James River. 
 
346 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Assistant inspectors of ordnance attached to navy yards corresponded with 
 the Office through the commandants of the yards on subjects under its cog¬ 
 nizance. 
 
 The Office procured ordnance, iron products, and other metals. 
 Through contracts with Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, the Etowah Iron 
 Works in Cass County, Ga., the Shelby Iron Works in Shelby County, Ala., 
 
 F. B. Deane, Jr., & Son in Lynchburg, and the Bellona Foundry in Ches¬ 
 terfield County, Va., it obtained heavy guns, projectiles, armor plate, and 
 boiler iron. Naval inspectors of ordnance were usually assigned to private 
 ordnance plants. In 1862 the Office contracted with many companies in Vir¬ 
 ginia, North Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, and Louisiana to 
 manufacture iron (see the list of agreements in Official Records . . . Navies , 
 ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 248-249). Agents employed to purchase, collect, and 
 distribute iron, including scrap iron, were James G. Miner in Georgia, W. 
 W. Shackelford in Georgia and North Carolina, David Pender in North Caro¬ 
 lina, and Charles F. M. Garnett in Virginia. Scarce metals, such as steel, 
 copper, tin, and zinc, and tools and other articles were imported from 
 abroad, chiefly through Wilmington, N. C. 
 
 As a user of metals the Office was concerned with the discovery and 
 development of mineral resources. In 1863 Comdr. Archibald B. Fairfax, 
 Prof. Oscar J. Heinrich, and Capt. Mitchell Tate, Army quartermaster, 
 conducted experimental research. P. Melinaud made ordnance experiments. 
 In 1864 Commander Fairfax was on special duty in charge of mining coal 
 and iron ore in Botetourt County, Va., an undertaking in which Professor 
 Heinrich assisted on a contract basis. 
 
 The hydrographic duties of the Office involved the procurement and 
 distribution of nautical instruments, books and charts, and the drafting of 
 charts. Late in 1861 Charles J. Ost was added to the staff as a hydrograph¬ 
 ic draftsman. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Office: 
 
 Capt. Duncan N. Ingraham, June 1861. 
 
 Capt. George B. Minor, Dec. 1861. 
 
 Comdr. John M. Brooke, Mar. 1863. 
 
 C.S.A. Navy Department, Ord¬ 
 nance Instructions for the Confeder ¬ 
 ate States Navy (London, 1864); 
 Charles B. Dew, Ironmaker to the 
 Confederacy; Joseph R. Anderson 
 and the Tredegar Iron Works (New 
 Haven and London, 1966); Official 
 
 Records . . .Navies, passim; Frank 
 E. Vandiver, 'The Shelby Iron Com¬ 
 pany in the Civil War; a Study of a 
 Confederate Industry, " Alabama Re- 
 view, 1:12-26, 111-127, 203-207 (Jan. - 
 July 1948). 
 
 Record Group 37 . --In the records of the U.S. Hydrographic Office is 
 a chart by Charles J. Ost of the entrance to Mobile Bay showing soundings 
 and the locations of lighthouses and beacons. 
 
 Record Group 45 . --Records on naval ordnance assembled by the Of¬ 
 fice of Naval Records and Library were placed in the area and subject files 
 described above. Original papers of John M. Brooke and Robert D. Minor 
 are in those files. In the area file (areas 5-8) are many orders from the 
 heads of the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography assigning duties or giving 
 directions to officers or to civilian agents for the transportation of guns 
 and ordnance stores to naval stations. Subject file B (Ordnance) contains 
 correspondence, drawings, reports, and other documents on the design. 
 
OFFICE OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING 
 
 347 
 
 production, and testing of guns, ammunition, hand weapons, submarine 
 batteries, torpedoes, and armor. 
 
 Record Group 74 . —A file of plans, drawings, and sketches in the 
 records of the Bureau of Ordnance, U.S. Navy Department, includes some 
 plans of Confederate guns. A file of ordnance drawings kept by a naval ord¬ 
 nance plant of that Bureau at Louisville, Ky., includes a drawing of a shell 
 for the 8-inch gun designed by John M. Brooke. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a letters-sent book of the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography 
 for the period Nov. 5, 1864-Mar. 25, 1865. This is presumably the only 
 surviving volume of fair copies of outgoing letters. The volume was appar¬ 
 ently obtained by the Adjutant General’s Office in 1872 from L. S. Thomp¬ 
 son of St. Paul, Minn. In it are letters of John M. Brooke to Secretary 
 Mallory reporting on the activities of the Office and of naval ordnance works, 
 instructions to the superintendent of the Naval Powder Works at Columbia, 
 
 S. C., letters to Navy agents on the handling of small arms and ordnance 
 materials, to industrial firms on the manufacture of ordnance, andto Josiah 
 Gorgas, Gabriel J. Rains, Isaac M. St. John, and other Army officers or agents 
 requesting ordnance, supplies, publications, passes, and transportation. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A few wartime letters of John M. Brooke 
 are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina 
 Library. Other Brooke papers are owned by George M. Brooke, Jr., Vir¬ 
 ginia Military Institute. 
 
 Some correspondence of the 
 heads of the Office and of Lt. Robert 
 D. Minor is in Official Records... 
 Navies, ser. 1 and 2. Letter books, 
 contract books, and other records 
 of the Tredegar Iron Works in the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library document its work for 
 the Office of Ordnance and Hydro¬ 
 graphy. Some records of Talbott 
 & Bros., operators of theSchockoe 
 
 Foundry at Richmond, in the Virginia 
 Historical Society collections include 
 materials relating to the use of the 
 foundry by the Confederate Navy De¬ 
 partment. The Shelby Iron Works 
 records in the University of Alabama 
 Library contain correspondence with 
 Capts. William F. Lynch and George 
 Minor and Secretary Mallory. See 
 also the section on the Bureau of Ord¬ 
 nance in chapter Vm of this Guide. 
 
 OFFICE OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING 
 
 A paymaster was attached to the Navy Department by the act of Mar. 
 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 74), to procure food, clothing, and 
 coal. William F. Howell, Navy agent at Augusta, Ga., sent out agents to 
 obtain wheat in order to supply the naval stations and squadrons at Savannah, 
 Mobile, and Charleston. Paymaster William W. J. Kelly, of the Savannah 
 station opened a meat-packing plant at Albany, Ga., in 1863, and in the 
 following year a flour mill and bakery were established there under the 
 supervision of Asst. Paymaster Nelson Tift. 
 
 Provisions obtained in southwest Virginia in 1864 were stored at the 
 Richmond (Rocketts) Navy Yard. Other storehouses were located at Mont¬ 
 gomery, Ala., Augusta, Ga., and the naval stations at Mobile, Savannah, 
 Charleston, and Wilmington. In 1863 canvas shoes were made at Mobile 
 and in 1864 the manufacture of shoes was begun at Augusta. The Navy was 
 obliged to purchase high-priced cloth brought in by blockade-runners or to 
 arrange for its procurement abroad. A procurement agent, C. Girard, 
 
348 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 was in England and France in 1863. Clothing was manufactured at Rich¬ 
 mond, Augusta, Savannah, and Mobile. Materials brought through the 
 blockade at Wilmington, N. C., were distributed by William H. Peters, the 
 Navy agent there. Contracts were made with Robert Jemison, Jr., of 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala., for the delivery of coal at Mobile, with William P. 
 Browne of Montevallo, Ala., for supplying coal to Mobile and to naval works 
 in Georgia, and with James Brown of Charleston, S.C., for the delivery of 
 coal at Charleston, Savannah, and Wilmington. J. G. Miner, Navy agent 
 at Atlanta, Ga., in 1862, attended to the transportation of coal to naval sta¬ 
 tions and works. In 1863 the Office of Orders and Detail became responsi¬ 
 ble for procuring coal. 
 
 Paymasters attached to naval stations, vessels, squadrons, and naval 
 batteries functioned as disbursing officers for the Navy, expending funds 
 for the pay, travel, allotments, and allowances of naval personnel, and for 
 the purchase of provisions, cloth, coal, ordnance, ordnance stores, and 
 equipment. Some paymasters also disbursed funds to contractors employed 
 by the Navy Department. 
 
 Successive paymasters in charge of the Office: 
 
 John de Bree, June 1861. 
 
 James A. Semple, Aug. 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . --Some correspondence of Paymaster de Bree is in 
 the area and subject files described above. Many vouchers for expenditures 
 made by paymasters at naval stations and on board vessels are also in the 
 subject file. These were derived from the records of paymasters and 
 assistant paymasters obtained by the Office of Naval Records and Library 
 and also from the records of the Confederate First Auditor of the Treasury 
 that were transferred by the U.S. Treasury Department to the Office of 
 Naval Records and Library. A record of requisitions for funds drawn on 
 naval appropriations (’’Requisition Book”), Apr. 13, 1864-Mar. 29, 1865 
 (1 vol.), is not marked as to office origin, but it may be a record of the Of¬ 
 fice of Provisions and Clothing. It shows the requisition number, date, 
 name of paymaster for whom drawn, appropriation charged to, and the 
 amount. In front of the volume is an index, and on p. 1-4 is a list of ac¬ 
 counts reported to the comptroller. Mar. 17-Dec. 16, 1862. 
 
 The records of a number of 
 paymasters have survived and are 
 described below under records of 
 squadrons and stations. See also 
 
 the description of the records of the 
 First Auditor of the Treasury in 
 chapter VI of this Guide. 
 
 OFFICE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY 
 
 The act of Mar. 16, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 74), providing 
 for the organization of the Navy authorized a surgeon who under the direc¬ 
 tion of the Secretary of the Navy was to purchase medicines and medical 
 supplies for the Navy. In practice, the chief medical officer supervised 
 the treatment of the sick and wounded. A purveyor’s department established 
 to obtain medicines, surgical instruments, and appliances succeeded 
 in obtaining them from abroad through the blockade until the end of 1864. 
 
 But the tightening of the blockade forced the Office to authorize naval sta¬ 
 tions to purchase medicines on their own. Apothecaries hired by the Of¬ 
 fice manufactured, received, packed, and issued medicines. They took 
 turns conveying medical supplies to the stations south of Richmond. Naval 
 
ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF 
 
 349 
 
 hospitals were maintained at Richmond, Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, 
 Mobile, Charlotte, and during 1861-62 at Norfolk and Pensacola. The re¬ 
 ceiving ship St. Philip was used as a hospital ship at New Orleans where 
 naval patients were also treated at the Charity Hospital, a State institution. 
 Naval surgeons served at hospitals, naval stations, shore batteries, re¬ 
 cruiting stations, and on vessels. In 1864 the Navy Department issued in¬ 
 structions to medical officers prescribing their duties, forms to be used, 
 and records to be kept. 
 
 Surg. William A. W. Spotswood was head of the Office from June 10, 
 1861, until 1864 or 1865. 
 
 C.S.A. Navy Department, Medical Officers of the Navy of the 
 
 Instructions for the Guidance of the Confederate States (Richmond, 1864). 
 
 Record Group 45 . --In subject file M (Medical, 8 in.) of the Na¬ 
 val Records Collection are some records that contain information on the 
 administration of the medical affairs of the Navy. Most of the material 
 consists of vouchers for disbursements by paymasters for medical supplies 
 and equipment for hospitals, vessels, 'and naval stations, travel of doctors, 
 pay of civilian doctors, transportation of patients, undertakers’ bills, and 
 records of deaths and interments. Included is a small quantity of corre¬ 
 spondence of W. A. W. Spotswood and other surgeons. 
 
 OFFICE OF SPECIAL SERVICE 
 
 Acts of Dec. 24, 1861 (Ramsdell, Laws and Joint Resolutions, p. 161 
 and 162), authorized the construction of 100 wooden gunboats for coast de¬ 
 fense according to plans that had been submitted by Comdr. Matthew F. 
 Maury. The Office of Special Service, which developed as a result of that 
 statute, operated shipyards in Virginia at Keswick, Fluvanna, Indian Town, 
 Romancoke, Fredericksburg, Deep Creek, Richmond, and West Point, 
 maintained lumber camps, and sent agents to other areas to obtain timber, 
 materials, and supplies. 
 
 Successive heads of the Office: 
 
 Comdr. Matthew F. Maury, 1862. 
 
 Comdr. Thomas T. Rootes, ca. Sept. 1862. 
 
 Lt. John H. Parker, ca. Dec. 1862. 
 
 No separate records of this Office have been found, but there are 
 documents concerning its activities in the area file (area 7) and the subject 
 file (PL and XS) described above under Naval Records Collection of the Of¬ 
 fice of Naval Records and Library. 
 
 ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF 
 
 No corollary to the U.S. Navy’s Bureau of Steam Engineering was 
 provided by the act of Feb. 21, 1861, establishing the Confederate Navy De¬ 
 partment, but an Engineer-in-Chief was eventually appointed. William P. 
 Williamson worked with John L. Porter and Lt. John M. Brooke on the 
 conversion of the Merrimack to the ironclad Virginia at the Norfolk Navy 
 Yard. On Oct. 17, 1861, Williamson was ordered to superintend for the 
 Department the planning, construction, and fitting up of engines, boilers, 
 and steam machinery of naval vessels. An act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. 
 C.S.A. Stat. 50), provided for an Engineer-in-Chief and 12 engineers. 
 
350 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Later in 1862 Williamson was appointed Engineer-in-Chief. A Navy Depart¬ 
 ment general order of July 18, 1863, directed that all communications re¬ 
 lating to the construction and repair of steam machinery were to be ad¬ 
 dressed to the Engineer-in-Chief. In 1864 there were nine chief engineers 
 and many assistant engineers attached to naval steam vessels, stations, 
 ordnance works, and squadrons. 
 
 The Engineer-in-Chief was William P. Williamson. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Subject file E (Engineering, 2 in.) of the Naval 
 Records Collection contains some records relating to engines, boilers, 
 auxiliary machinery, and propellers. Most of the material consists of 
 vouchers for purchases of and work on engines, but there are also some 
 letters and orders of Secretary Mallory appointing engineers at naval in¬ 
 stallations. 
 
 CHIEF CONSTRUCTOR 
 
 Congress did not provide for an Office of Construction and Repair 
 such as the U. S. Navy Department’s. After the evacuation of the Norfolk 
 Navy Yard where he had worked on the conversion of the Merrimack, Naval 
 Constructor John L. Porter was attached to Rocketts Navy Yard in Rich¬ 
 mond, functioning as Chief Constructor for the Secretary of the Navy. He 
 prepared hull and inboard plans and models for vessels, examined plans 
 and propositions submitted by others to the Department, adapted vessels to 
 machinery found in the South, and inspected shipbuilding activities at many 
 points. On Sept. 20, 1862, Secretary Mallory recommended to the Senate 
 Committee on Naval Affairs that Porter be designated as Chief Constructor, 
 thereby raising him to the same status as the Engineer-in-Chief. An act 
 of Apr. 30, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 131), authorized a Chief Constructor 
 and Porter was appointed. A Navy Department general order of July 18, 
 1863, directed that all communications relating to the construction and re¬ 
 pair of vessels be addressed to the Chief Constructor of the Confederate 
 States Navy. John W. Borum served as chief clerk. Naval constructors 
 served at Richmond, Selma, and McIntosh Bluff and Oven Bluff, Ala. 
 
 The Chief Constructor was John L. Porter. 
 
 Record Group 19. - -The ship plans file of the Bureau of Ships of the 
 U.S. Navy Department contains drawings and sketches of some Confederate 
 naval vessels and blockade-runners. 
 
 Record Group 45 . --Records assembled by the Office of Naval Records 
 and Library concerning the purchase, conversion, design, construction, 
 fitting, and equipment of all types of naval vessels and some blockade-run¬ 
 ners are in subject file A (Naval Ships, 3 ft.). More than half of the ma¬ 
 terial is in file AC (Construction). The records include paymasters'vouch¬ 
 ers, statements of paymasters' accounts, recapitulations of payrolls, re¬ 
 quests for transportation, railroad waybills, accounts, requisitions, bills, 
 certificates, and correspondence. Ship plans are available for a number 
 of vessels; those for the Virginia include photostats of John L. Porter's 
 plans and others presented by the Mariners' Museum, Newport News, Va. 
 The records concern the construction and repair of Confederate vessesls 
 in Europe also. 
 
 Record Group 109. --In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records are plans of the C.S. S. Alabama , including a profile of inboard 
 works, masts and spars, and the lower deck, all dated at the Birkenhead 
 ironworks of John Laird Sons & Co. in Oct. 1861. Photographs of these 
 
MARINE CORPS 
 
 351 
 
 plans are in Record Group 19 and in the University of Alabama Library. 
 
 Plans, sketches, and photo- 109 that contains some documents 
 graphs of some Confederate naval relating to naval vessels is described 
 vessels are in Official Records. . . in chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Navies . A file in Record Group 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The original plans of the Virginia ( Mer ¬ 
 rimack ) are in the Confederate Museum. Other plans of that vessel by John 
 L. Porter are in the Virginia Historical Society collections and in the 
 Mariners' Museum at Newport News. The Mariners' Museum also has 
 Porter's plans for an iron warship whose construction was begun in England 
 but not completed. 
 
 At the Smithsonian Institution 
 in the Division of Transportation is 
 a large collection of photocopies of 
 plans, specifications, contracts, 
 and other documents relating to Con¬ 
 federate naval vessels. In order 
 
 to prepare exhibits and a history of 
 Confederate naval vessel construc¬ 
 tion, the Division reconstructed 
 plans of the vessels from existing 
 models that were located. 
 
 TORPEDO BUREAU 
 
 Although not provided for by law except by the appropriation of funds, 
 the Navy Department maintained an office that was concerned with the de¬ 
 velopment of submarine mines and torpedoes. Comdr. Matthew F. Maury 
 began experiments with batteries in 1861. He laid mines in the James River 
 and connected them by insulated wire with shore stations. Lt. Hunter 
 Davidson grounded the Teaser in the James River in July 1862 and it was 
 captured by the Federals, along with Maury's descriptions, instructions, 
 and diagrams. But the mines played an important part in preventing the 
 ascent of Union vessels up the river to Richmond. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Bureau: 
 
 Comdr. Matthew F. Maury, 1861. 
 
 Brig. Gen. Gabriel J. Rains, June 1862. 
 
 Lt. Hunter Davidson, Sept. 1862. 
 
 No records of this Bureau have been found, but it is possible that 
 documents are in the area and subject files of the Naval Records Collection. 
 
 R. O. Crowley, "The Confed¬ 
 erate Torpedo Service, " Century 
 Magazine , 56:290-300 (June 1898); 
 Hunter Davidson, "Mines and Tor¬ 
 pedoes During the Rebellion, " Mag¬ 
 azine of History , 8:255-261 (Nov. 
 1908); Milton F. Perry, Infernal 
 
 Machines; the Story of Confederate 
 Submarine and Mine Warfare (Baion 
 
 Rouge, 1965); Frances L. Williams, 
 Matthew Fontaine Maury; Scientist 
 of the Sea (New Brunswick, N. J., 
 
 I963]T 
 
 MARINE CORPS 
 
 The act of Mar. 16, 1861, providing for the organization of the Navy 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 74), authorized a corps of marines to consist 
 of one major, one quartermaster, one paymaster, one adjutant, one ser¬ 
 geant major, one quartermaster sergeant, and six companies of 100 men 
 
352 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 each. An amendatory act of May 20, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 121), 
 enlarged its numbers and raised the rank of its principal officers. The 
 commandant recommended on Dec. 17, 1861, that authorization be obtained 
 for the pay of a clerk to keep books, records, and returns of the corps. 
 
 On Sept. 30, 1864, the corps consisted of 539 officers and men and 32 re¬ 
 cruits. 
 
 Marines were distributed in small detachments at shore stations and 
 on board vessels. Recruits were trained at Camp Beall at Drewry’s Bluff 
 on the James River where they also manned gun batteries. Guard detach¬ 
 ments were kept at the naval stations at Richmond, Wilmington, Charleston, 
 Savannah, Mobile, and Charlotte. Marines were assigned to most of the 
 larger vessels of the Navy, including the Alabama, Tallahassee, Chicka - 
 mauga , and Sumter . Marines participated in the defense of seacoast forti¬ 
 fications and in the naval battles of Hampton Roads, New Orleans, Wassaw 
 Sound, and Mobile Bay. 
 
 Staff officers of the Marine Corps: 
 
 Col. Lloyd J. Beall, Commandant, May 23, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Israel Greene, Adjutant, June 19, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Richard T. Allison, Paymaster, May 10, 1861. 
 
 Maj. Algernon S. Taylor, Quartermaster, Dec. 4, 1861. 
 
 The headquarters records of the Marine Corps were destroyed largely 
 at the time of the evacuation of Richmond on Apr. 2, 1865, or soon after¬ 
 ward. Some of the records of the corps that were kept in Colonel Beall’s 
 house were destroyed by fire near the end of the war. At the end of the war 
 books and papers relating to the corps were burned by order of the Secre¬ 
 tary of the Navy (Beall to Capt. Henry C. Cochrane, Sept. 21, 1880, "Per¬ 
 sonal Journal of Henry C. Cochrane, 1863-1905, " U.S. Marine Corps Mu¬ 
 seum, Quantico, Va.). Lt. Nathaniel E. Venable, assistant to Major 
 Taylor, took the quartermaster records to Danville where they were de¬ 
 stroyed. Historians have been unable to locate records of any of the de¬ 
 partments of the corps. 
 
 Ralph W. Donnelly, "Battle 40 (Spring 1959); Navy Register, 
 Honors and Services of Confederate Jan. 1, 1864, p. 34-37. 
 
 Marines, " Military Affairs , 23:37- 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Some of the records collected by the Office of 
 Naval Records and Library relate to the Confederate Marine Corps. The 
 muster rolls described under the Office of Orders and Detail contain data 
 relating to marines attached to naval vessels and stations. The marines 
 are sometimes listed on rolls giving the entire complements of vessels and 
 stations and sometimes on separate rolls. Other rolls and lists pertaining 
 to marines are in subject file NA, also described above. In subject file OV 
 are bills; vouchers; correspondence; certificates of deposit; invoices; ab¬ 
 stracts of expenditures; accounts; receipts; special orders relating to pro¬ 
 visions, clothing, and equipment for marine detachments; returns of ord¬ 
 nance and ordnance stores; returns of clothing and equipment; and 
 transportation requests. 
 
 Lists of names of marines on relating to Marine Corps personnel 
 muster rolls are in Official Records are described in chapter XI of this 
 . . . Navies, ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 280- Guide. 
 
 320. Some carded service records 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 353 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Alfred C. Van Benthuysen of Louisiana 
 served as a captain in the Marine Corps at New Orleans and Pensacola in 
 1861, at Drewry’s Bluff in 1862-64, and at Mobile and Wilmington in 1864, 
 before his capture at Fort Fisher in Jan. 1865. Van Benthuysen’s papers. 
 Mar. 30, 1861-Jan. 10, 1865 (130 pieces), in Tulane University Library con¬ 
 tain a few letters from Secretary Mallory, general orders from Marine 
 Corps headquarters, orders and circulars from General Bragg’s headquar¬ 
 ters near Pensacola, instructions from the headquarters of the 2d Brigade, 
 Department of Alabama and West Florida, abstracts of disbursements and 
 of clothing and equipment received, and personal letters. Other items are 
 Van Benthuysen’s report on the handling of the battery at the Pensacola 
 Navy Yard during the bombardment of Nov. 1861; Capt. John D. Simms’ re¬ 
 port on the defense of Drewry’s Bluff in May 1862; court-martial records 
 of Van Benthuysen and Lt. Henry B. Tyler, Jr.; seven muster rolls of 
 Company B, June 1861-Apr. 1862; two payrolls, Apr. -June 1861, and Sept. - 
 Oct. 1861; three company returns, Aug., Sept., and Dec. 1861, and July 
 1862; and a return of Van Benthuysen’s detachment, Oct. -Nov. 1864. 
 
 Another statistical return of Company B, Nov. 1864, is in the William and 
 Mary College Library. 
 
 Less extensive are the papers of other Marine Corps officers. A let¬ 
 ter book, Oct. 8, 1862-June 7, 1864, of Capt. Julius E. Meiere, command¬ 
 er of the marine guard at Mobile, is in the records of the probate court of 
 Mobile County, Ala. Edward Crenshaw served first in the 58th Alabama 
 Infantry, and after recovering from a wound suffered at Chickamaugajoined 
 the Marine Corps. He kept a diary, July 4, 1861-Sept. 19, 1863, and July 1, 
 1864-June 19, 1865, the second part of which concerns the role played by 
 the marines in planning the abortive expedition of Comdr. John Taylor 
 Wood designed to free Confederate prisoners at Point Lookout, Md., the 
 cruise on the Tallahassee against Union shipping, service at Drewry’s 
 Bluff, and the retreat to the south in 1865. The letters written by Lt. Hen¬ 
 ry L. Graves to members of his family, Oct. 1862-Mar. 1865, in the South¬ 
 ern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library give 
 some information about his service at Drewry’s Bluff, Nov. 1862-Jan. 1863, 
 with the Savannah naval station and squadron, Feb. 1863-Nov. 1864, and at 
 Charleston naval station, Dec. 1864-Jan. 1865. Like Crenshaw and Graves, 
 Lt. Ruffin Thomson had prior service in the Army and did not join the 
 Marine Corps until Feb. 1864. A few letters he wrote from Camp Beall near 
 Drewry’s Bluff in 1864 and 1865 in the Southern Historical Collection in the 
 University of North Carolina Library concern conditions there and his ac¬ 
 tivities as a marine officer. Correspondence of John L. Rapier, a marine 
 lieutenant who served at Drewry’s Bluff, 1863-64, and at Mobile, 1864-65, 
 was recently in the custody of a granddaughter, Mrs. E. M. Trigg of 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 
 "Diary of Captain Edward 
 Crenshaw, " Alabama Historical 
 Quarterly, 1:261-270, 438-452 
 (1939), 2:52-71, 221-238, 365-385, 
 465-382 (1940); Richard B. Harwell 
 
 ed., A Confederate Marine; a Sketch 
 of Henry Lea Graves with Excerpts 
 from the Graves Family Correspond 
 ence (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1963). 
 
 NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 The Confederate Navy maintained a few small squadrons for the 
 
354 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 defense of its coasts, seaports, and rivers. They placed obstructions in 
 rivers and harbors, laid mines, reconnoitered U. S. positions, manned 
 naval batteries, cooperated with the Confederate Army, raided blockading 
 vessels, and fought enemy fleets. The superior strength of the U.S. Navy 
 limited their activities, but they were persistently maintained despite 
 reverses. 
 
 The published reports of the 
 Secretary of the Navy cited above 
 give some information regarding 
 the naval squadrons. Information 
 on individual vessels of the Confed¬ 
 erate Navy is in Official Records . 
 
 . . Navies, ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 247- 
 272, and in U.S. Navy Department, 
 
 Dictionary of American Naval Fight ¬ 
 
 ing Ships , 2:487-589. See the re¬ 
 cords of district courts in chapter 
 ni of this Guide for material on the 
 operations of naval vessels connect¬ 
 ed with the seizure of prize vessels 
 on Confederate coasts. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Several subdivisions of the subject file in the 
 Naval Records Collection contain documents on Confederate naval vessels, 
 particularly file H (Battles and Casualties to Ships) and file O (Operations 
 of Naval Ships and Fleet Units). File Z (History), containing alphabetical 
 files on ships and operations, is in the National Archives Building but in 
 the custody of the Naval History Division of the Navy Department. 
 
 Information regarding Confed- compiled vessel papers that are de- 
 erate naval vessels is also in the scribed in chapter XI of this Guide. 
 
 James River Squadron 
 
 In July 1861 a squadron consisting of the Patrick Henry , the James¬ 
 town , the St. Nicholas , the George Page , the Raleigh, the Edwards , and 
 the Ellis was organized for the naval defense of Virginia and North Caro¬ 
 lina. Early in Mar. 1862 the squadron was composed of the Virginia 
 (Merrimack ), the Patrick Henry , the Jamestown , the Teaser , the Raleigh , 
 and the Beaufort . After the Monitor-Merrimack battle in Hampton Roads 
 and the fall of Norfolk, the squadron retreated in May 1862 up the James 
 River, except for the Virginia which drew too much water and was burned. 
 Late in 1862 the squadron was composed of the Richmond , the Patrick Hen ¬ 
 ry , the Hampton , the Nansemond, the Torpedo , the Drewry , and the Beau¬ 
 fort ; additions in 1864 included the Virginia H , the Fredericksburg, and the 
 Roanoke . 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Capt. Samuel Barron, July 29, 1861. 
 
 Capt. William F. Lynch, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Franklin Buchanan, Mar. 4, 1862. 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tattnall, Mar. 29, 1862. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Barron, Nov. 1862. 
 
 Capt. French Forrest, Mar. 1863. 
 
 Capt. John K. Mitchell, May 7, 1864. 
 
 Rear Adm. Raphael Semmes, Feb. 18, 1865. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Flag and other officers attached to the James 
 River Squadron, including Joseph N. Barney, Barron, Buchanan, Forrest, 
 Robert D. Minor, Mitchell, and Tattnall, loaned their papers to the Office 
 of Naval Records and Library. Copies of their correspondence are filed in 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 355 
 
 the area file (area 7) described above. A letters-sent book of Lt. Joseph N. 
 Barney, Dec. 3, 1861-Apr. 20, 1863, is still intact and contains fair copies 
 of letters he wrote while commanding the Jamestown to Captains Lynch, 
 Tattnall, and Sidney S. Lee; Secretary Mallory; the Office of Orders and 
 Detail; the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography; and enlisted personnel. 
 
 A report of Mar. 27, 1862, by Captain Buchanan and a narrative by H. Ash¬ 
 ton Ramsay, chief engineer, C.S.N., of the Monitor-Merrimack battle on 
 Mar. 8-9, 1862, is in subject file HA. 
 
 A register of money, clothing, and small stores paid out or issued 
 during Nov. 1861-Feb. 1862 (2 vols.), is also in the Naval Records Collec¬ 
 tion. It was apparently kept by Asst. Paymaster James O. Moore who was 
 probably attached at the time to the naval forces of Virginia and North Caro¬ 
 lina. 
 
 Documents from the records ser. 1, vol. 6, p. 710-781, vol. 7, p. 
 described above and other sources 748-801, vol. 10, p. 625-805, and 
 are in Official Records... Navies, vols. 8-10, passim. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Samuel Barron’s papers in the William 
 and Mary College Library contain correspondence relating to his two tours 
 of duty in Virginia. Letters-sent books, July 20-Aug. 27, 1861, and Oct. 
 
 2, 1862-Mar. 4, 1865 (2 vols.), contain letters to Secretary Mallory and 
 Capt. French Forrest, the commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard, regard¬ 
 ing the formation and equipment of the squadron, instructions to officers 
 commanding vessels in the squadron, and copies of orders from the Navy 
 Department. 
 
 A letters-sent book of Capt. Franklin Buchanan, Mar. 3, 1862-Nov. 
 
 20, 1863, in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library contains fair copies of letters and reports to Secretary 
 Mallory relating to his activities as flag officer of the naval forces in Vir¬ 
 ginia, his hospitalization at the Norfolk Naval Hospital, and his recupera¬ 
 tion at Greensboro, N. C. Also included are letters to the officers of the 
 squadron and to the Office of Orders and Detail. 
 
 Letters-sent press copy books of Capt. French Forrest, Dec. 1, 
 1863-May 6, 1864 (2 vols.), are in the Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library. Letters to officers commanding vessels concern operations, 
 provisions, equipment, personnel, inspection of marines, pilots, and 
 leaves of absence. Other letters are to the Secretary of the Navy, Navy 
 Department offices, and Comdr. Robert G. Robb of the Rocketts Navy Yard. 
 An order book, Dec. 1, 1861-Jan. 31, 1864, and orders, Feb. 1-May 6, 1864 
 (microfilm), are in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of 
 North Carolina Library. 
 
 A diary of Raphael Semmes, Sept. 28, 1864-May 27, 1865, in Duke 
 University Library, chronicles events from the time of his landing in Eng¬ 
 land after the sinking of the Alabama until his arrival in Alabama after the war. 
 
 Smaller lots of officers ’ papers provide further documentation. The pa¬ 
 pers of Lt. James H. Rochelle in Duke University Library contain correspond¬ 
 ence relating to his service on the Patrick Henry and on the Nansemond . In¬ 
 cluded are letters from the flag officers of the squadron, the commanding officer 
 of the Patrick Henry , the Office of Orders and Detail, the Office of Ordnance and 
 Hydrography, Paymaster de Bree, and Secretary Mallory. The Minor family 
 papers in the Virginia Historical Society collections contain some re¬ 
 ports, May-June 1864, received by Lt. Robert D. Minor, ordnance 
 
356 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 officer of the squadron regarding ordnance and ordnance stores on board 
 vessels. Official records of Marsden Bellamy, assistant paymaster on the 
 Richmond in 1864, in the Southern Historical Collection in the University 
 of North Carolina Library include appointment letters from Secretary Mal¬ 
 lory, orders, rolls of officers and men, transfer accounts, muster rolls, 
 and returns of provisions, clothing, and small stores. The letters ofComdr. 
 John M. Kell, commanding the Richmond in 1865, in Duke University Li¬ 
 brary contain some information on his naval duties. Two letters of appre¬ 
 ciation from Secretary Mallory to Lt. Catesby ap R. Jones for services on 
 the Merrimack during the battle with the Monitor are in the Manuscript 
 Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 North Carolina Squadron 
 
 This squadron was formed in 1861 with a nucleus of vessels of the 
 North Carolina State Navy, including the Winslow , the Ellis , the Raleigh , 
 and the Beaufort. In the same year the Winslow was wrecked while on a 
 rescue mission, and the Forrest and the Sea Bird were acquired. The 
 squadron operated first as a part of the naval defenses of Virginia and North 
 Carolina under Capt. Samuel Barron and then Capt. William F. Lynch, but 
 after Buchanan assumed command in Virginia in Mar. 1862 Captain Lynch 
 commanded only in North Carolina. In an engagement with a superior U. S. 
 fleet off Roanoke Island on Feb. 7, 1862, the Curlew was sunk, and in the 
 battle of Elizabeth City on Feb. 10 Lynch’s flagship, the Sea Bird , was sunk, 
 the Ellis captured, and the Forrest burned. Additions to the squadron in 
 1863 included the North Carolina and the Arctic , and in 1864 the Raleigh , 
 the Yadkin, the Equator , and the Squib. The Albemarle completed in the 
 same year on the Roanoke River and the Neuse on the Neuse River served 
 on those rivers. The North Carolina sank in the Cape Fear River from a 
 leak in Sept. 1864, and in the next month the Albemarle was torpedoed. The 
 Equator , the Arctic, and the Yadkin were burned when Wilmington was 
 captured in Jan. 1865, and the Neuse met the same fate on the approach of 
 Sherman’s army. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Capt. William F. Lynch, Mar. 1862. 
 
 Capt. Robert F. Pinkney, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Some documents on the activities of naval vessels 
 off the coast of North Carolina are in the area file (area 7) in the Naval 
 Records Collection. The logbook of the Ellis, Aug. 2, 1861-Feb. 6, 1862 
 (captured at Elizabeth City on Feb. 10, 1862), gives information about its 
 cruise with the squadron off the coast of North Carolina, the transportation 
 of Confederate troops, the return to Norfolk in Nov. 1861 for repairs, and 
 further cruising with the squadron. For the Raleigh there is an 1861 record 
 of clothing and small stores and provisions issued and contingent expendi¬ 
 tures and invoices of materials received at the Norfolk Navy Yard. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A letter from Secretary Mallory to the 
 flag officer at Wilmington, Nov. 5, 1864, is in the North Carolina Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives and History. 
 
 In Mar. 1952 the Georgia Historical Society bought the official records 
 of C. Lucian Jones, assistant paymaster on the North Carolina from Dec. 
 1863 to Mar. 1865. Incoming letters are from Secretary Mallory, Paymas¬ 
 ter de Bree, Captain Lynch, Capt. Robert F. Pinkney (the commandant at 
 Wilmington), the Office of Orders and Detail, W. H. Peters (naval store- 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 357 
 
 keeper at Charlotte), enclosing invoices of stores shipped and requests 
 from ship commanders for rations, and from Comdr. John Taylor Wood 
 regarding the purchase of supplies for the proposed expedition against Point 
 Lookout, Md. Records that document the procurement and distribution of 
 supplies, travel, pay of naval personnel, the handling of funds, and account¬ 
 ing include abstracts of expenditures, accounts current, certificates of 
 deposit, vouchers, receipts, invoices, requisitions, muster rolls and pay¬ 
 rolls, lists of men transferred, lists of deserters, and acknowledgments 
 of the receipt and approval of bounty pay. An accompanying list shows the 
 materials for each vessel. For Battery Buchanan at Wilmington there are 
 returns of men received, a roster of the marine guard, lists of deserters 
 and of men hospitalized, and abstracts of clothing issued. 
 
 Some papers of Samuel Barron, Jr., in the William and Mary College 
 Library, include his orders of 1862 to report to the Beaufort and later to the 
 Raleigh. The papers of James R. Randall, secretary to Flag Officer Lynch 
 at Wilmington in 1864, are in the Southern Historical Collection in the Uni¬ 
 versity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Documents on naval activities 1, vols. 6-12, passim. An abstract 
 off the coast of North Carolina are of the logbook of the Ellis is in vol. 
 in Official Records. .. Navies, ser. 6, p. 781-789. 
 
 Charleston Squadron 
 
 The command of the naval defenses of South Carolina was united with 
 that of Georgia under Capt. Josiah Tattnall until the beginning of 1862 when 
 Comdr. Duncan N. Ingraham arrived in Charleston to assume charge there 
 of a separate squadron. During 1863 the Charleston Squadron consisted of 
 the ironclads Chicora , Charleston, and Palmetto State and the tender Juno . 
 On the evacuation of Charleston in Feb. 1865 the squadron was destroyed to 
 prevent its capture by U. S. forces. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Comdr. Duncan N. Ingraham, 1862. 
 
 Comdr. John R. Tucker, Mar. 1863. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -The Naval Records Collection includes records 
 obtained from Flag Officers Tattnall and Tucker and small lots from Comdr. 
 William A. Webb and Chief Engr. James H. Tomb who served with the 
 Charleston Squadron. Letters of flag officers of this squadron, the Secre¬ 
 tary of the Navy, Navy Department offices, and commanding officers of 
 naval squadrons, vessels, and stations are in the area file (area 8), and 
 correspondence and other documents are in the subject file. 
 
 Some original manuscripts of Comdr. William A. Webb in subject 
 file OM consist of letters he received in Apr. 1863, while he was attached 
 to the squadron, from Flag Officer Tucker and Army officers regarding 
 preparations for the defense of the harbor. Some original manuscripts of 
 James H. Tomb in subject file HA consist of letters from Tucker and Army 
 officers, Nov. -Dec. 1864, concerning preparations to test torpedo boats. 
 
 Documents relating to opera- Una waters are in Official Records 
 tions of naval forces in South Caro- . .. Navies , ser. 1, vols. 12-16, passim. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Papers of Chief Engr. James H. Tomb 
 given to the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 
358 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Carolina Library by the Tomb family include original correspondence and 
 a memoir of his experiences in the Confederate Navy. A report by Tomb of 
 Aug. 8, 1863, concerns the capture of a launch and a report of Oct. 6, 1863, 
 concerns the attack by the David on the U. S. S. New Ironsides. A copy of 
 Tomb’s memoir and some of his correspondence is in the South Caroliniana 
 Library of the University of South Carolina and another copy of the memoir 
 is in the Naval History Division’s subject file ZB in the National Archives 
 Building. An extensive group of papers of Lt. James H. Rochelle, 1850- 
 69, in Duke University Library includes letters of the war period relating 
 to his services with the Charleston Squadron and the Charleston station. A 
 letter from Rochelle to Secretary Mallory, June 8, 1863, gives an account 
 of the grounding of the C.S. S. Stono. Two letters Rochelle wrote while on 
 the C.S.S, Palmetto State at Charleston, July 17, 1864, in the New-York 
 Historical Society collections concern officers’ promotions and assignments, 
 the expedition against Point Lookout, Md., movements of vessels, and 
 attacks on Fort Johnson and James Island, S. C. 
 
 Savannah River Squadron 
 
 In 1861 the former passenger boat Savannah and the tugs Sampson, 
 Resolute, and Lady Davis were assembled as a squadron at Savannah and 
 by Feb. 1862 the Huntress and five gunboats had been added. When the com¬ 
 mand at Savannah was divided in Mar. 1863, Captain Tattnall was given 
 command of the naval station, and Comdr. Richard L. Page, the squadron. 
 Late in that year the squadron comprised the Savannah , Georgia , Isondiga, 
 Sampson, Resolute , and Firefly ; the captured Water Witch and the Macon 
 were added in 1864. When Savannah was bombarded in Dec. 1864, some 
 vessels of the squadron were burned, blown up, or sunk, and the Resolute 
 was captured during the retreat up the Savannah River. Captain Hunter 
 remained at Augusta with the Sampson and the Macon until he surrendered 
 on May 4, 1865. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tattnall, 1861. 
 
 Lt. John N. Maffitt (acting). Mar. 1862. 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tattnall, 1862. 
 
 Comdr. Richard L. Page, Mar. 1863. 
 
 Comdr. William A. Webb, May 1863. 
 
 Capt. William W. Hunter, June 1863. 
 
 Charles C. Jones, Jr., The Josiah Tattnall (Savannah, 1878). 
 
 Life and Services of Commodore 
 
 Record Group 45 . --The Naval Records Collection includes records 
 received from Tattnall, Webb, and Hunter. The original records obtained 
 from Comdr. William A. Webb are in subject file OM. His letters-sent 
 book. May 22-June 15, 1863, contains fair copies of letters to Secretary 
 Mallory, Navy Department offices. Captain Tattnall, and to Army officers 
 at Savannah and the camps of instruction near Macon and Atlanta. Lists 
 and inventories of stores and some letters from Lucius S. Seymour to 
 Commanders Page and Webb are included. 
 
 Several volumes of paymaster’s records relate to the Savannah River 
 Squadron. A record of provisions and small stores received and expended 
 and a record of clothing received on board the Georgia and the Isondiga , 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 359 
 
 Oct. 1863-Sept. 1864, was kept by DeWitt C. Seymour. Some steward's 
 weekly returns of provisions expended, May 1861-Dec. 1864 (3 vols.), show 
 on printed forms the number of men subsisted each day and the quantities 
 and kinds of provisions expended, with notations in the remarks column on 
 discharges, transfers, detachments, desertions, and the arrival of men, 
 sometimes with their names. These volumes contain returns of varying 
 dates for the Savannah , Oconee , Resolute, Firefly , Gunboat No. 1 , Georgia , 
 and Isondiga . A "general pay and receipt book" of the Georgia , Oct. 1862- 
 Sept. 1863, kept by DeWitt C. Seymour contains individual accounts showing 
 name, rank, and amounts of payments to officers and crew for pay, clothing, 
 small stores, grog, undrawn rations, and hospital expenses. In this vol¬ 
 ume are copies of detachment orders of officers and notations as to trans¬ 
 fers of men among vessels of the squadron, dates of reporting, discharges, 
 ratings, medical surveys, and disratings. 
 
 Published documents in Offi - (Apr. 13, 1863-May 1, 1865), include 
 cial Records... Navies , ser. 1, vol. correspondence, orders, reports, 
 
 14, p. 689 ff., vol. 15, p. 691-773 , and appointments. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Savannah River Squadron records, in¬ 
 cluding letters of Page, Webb, and Hunter and other documents, Dec. 27, 
 1862-Apr. 19, 1865 (600 pieces), are in the Keith Read Confederate Collec¬ 
 tion in Emory University Library. Incoming communications include let¬ 
 ters, instructions, and general and special orders from Secretary Mallory, 
 offices of the Navy Department, and military headquarters at Savannah, 
 Augusta, and Charleston. Other communications from the commandant of 
 the Savannah Naval Station, the Columbus Naval Iron Works, the paymaster 
 at Savannah, surgeons attached to the squadron, and the flag officer com¬ 
 manding the Charleston Squadron concern the training of marines, person¬ 
 nel, ship repairs, fuel, and the health of crews. Copies of returns of guns 
 on board vessels that were made to the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography 
 are also in this collection. 
 
 In the Louisiana Historical Association collection on deposit in the 
 Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University are other records 
 of the Savannah River Squadron, Apr. 10, 1863-May 1, 1865 (651 pieces). 
 
 A letter and order book, Apr. 10-June 12, 1863, contains copies of letters 
 and orders by Page, Webb, and Hunter to commanding officers of vessels 
 in the squadron. Letters-sent books, June 28, 1863-Apr. 27, 1865 (3 vols.), 
 contain a chronological record of fair copies of letters and telegrams to 
 Secretary Mallory and offices of the Navy Department regarding the opera¬ 
 tions, supply, and personnel of the squadron. Other communications are 
 to Capt. Josiah Tattnall (commandant of the Savannah Naval Station), Capt. 
 
 J. R. Tucker (flag officer at Charleston), Col. Lloyd J. Beall, Lt. Gen. 
 
 W. J. Hardee, and the Navy agent at Augusta. Also included are letters 
 of appointment as acting mates. Letters and orders, June 30, 1863-May 1, 
 1865 (3 vols.), are to commanding officers of vessels in the squadron re¬ 
 garding their operations, personnel, marines, prisoners, and orders to 
 surgeons, assistant engineers, assistant paymasters, gunners, and pilots. 
 Other records for Aug. 1863-Apr. 1865 include letters received from Sec¬ 
 retary Mallory, offices of the Navy Department, Josiah Tattnall, D. C. 
 Seymour, the Navy agent at Augusta, Brig. Gen. H. W. Mercer, command¬ 
 ing the Military District of Georgia, and Capt. J. R. Tucker; drafts of let¬ 
 ters sent; returns of punishment; lists of officers on vessels, signals. 
 
360 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 countersigns, stores, and clothing required; reports on men incapacitated; 
 report on ammunition aboard; telegrams; and a journal of the Sampson, 
 
 Dec. 10-25, 1864. 
 
 Additional letters received by Captain Hunter, Apr.-Oct. 1864, are 
 in the Texas Archives in the University of Texas Library. Letters from 
 officers and mates commanding vessels of the squadron concern repairs, 
 personnel, deserters, pilots, and testing of engines. Other communications 
 are from Capt. Josiah Tattnall, the fleet surgeon and other surgeons. Pay¬ 
 master William W. Kelly at Savannah, the naval storekeeper at Savannah, 
 Capt. J. R. Tucker, the Office of Orders and Detail, the marine barracks 
 and the naval hospital at Savannah, Army headquarters in Savannah, and, 
 from others, applications for and acceptances of appointments. 
 
 Other correspondence of Captain Hunter, 1864-65 (103 pieces), in 
 Duke University Library is with Secretary Mallory, Capt. Sidney S. Lee 
 and Comdr. John M. Brooke of the Navy Department, naval officers, and 
 others concerning squadron vessels, supplies, personnel, the Water Witch, 
 and torpedo-laying in Savannah harbor. 
 
 In other repositories are materials relating to the services of other 
 officers in the Savannah River Squadron. Personal letters of Lt. George 
 W. Gift, who was attached to the Savannah in 1864, are in the Southern His¬ 
 torical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library. An engineer¬ 
 ing notebook kept by Asst. Engr. George W. Tennent, 1861-64, in the Vir¬ 
 ginia Historical Society collections contains a list of Confederate officers 
 captured at Fort Pulaski, Ga., on Apr. 11, 1862, and a drawing of the 
 C.S. S. Atlanta . A diary kept by Passed Mid. Dabney M. Scales on board 
 the Atlanta , Dec. 10, 1862-Apr. 17, 1863, is in Duke University Library. 
 
 Mobile Squadron 
 
 The squadron formed at Mobile early in 1862 consisted of the gunboats 
 Morgan and Gaines and the schooner Alert . In 1863 it consisted of the Mor ¬ 
 gan , Gaines , floating batteries Tuscaloosa and Huntsville, ram Baltic , and 
 the gunboat Selma . Additions to the squadron in 1864 included the Nashville 
 and the Tennessee which Admiral Buchanan made his flagship. In the battle 
 of Mobile Bay on Aug. 5, 1864, the Tennessee and the Selma were captured 
 and the Gaines was beached, but the Morgan escaped to Mobile. On the 
 approach of U.S. forces in Mar. 1865, Capt. Ebenezer Farrand sank the 
 Tuscaloosa and the Huntsville and fled up the Tombigbee River where he 
 was blockaded. He surrendered on May 10. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Capt. Victor M. Randolph, 1862. 
 
 Adm. Franklin Buchanan, Aug. 1862. 
 
 Capt. Ebenezer Farrand, Aug. 1864. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Correspondence of the flag officers of the Mobile 
 Squadron (Randolph, Buchanan, and Farrand) and of other officers concern¬ 
 ing the squadron is in the area file (area 6) and in the subject file. Some 
 original records of Captain Randolph, Feb. 15, 1862-Feb. 23, 1863 (1/4 in.), 
 in subject file PB consist of copies of letters sent to the Office of Orders 
 and Detail, to Secretary Mallory recommending the construction of iron¬ 
 clads, to Gov. John G. Shorter on defense measures, to Sen. William L. 
 Yancey requesting the submission of the matter of his promotion to Congress, 
 and to Comdr. Charles H. Kennedy, the commanding officer of the Morgan . 
 Incoming letters are from Commander Kennedy, the Office of Orders and 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 361 
 
 Detail, and the Secretary of War. 
 
 Also in the Naval Records Collection are the following: a logbook of 
 the Tennessee , Feb. 16-July 31, 1864, Lt. James D. Johnston commanding; 
 and two medical record books of the Gaines, May 1, 1862-Aug. 31, 1863, 
 kept by Asst. Surg. Osborn S. Iglehart (subject file MM). 
 
 Documents relating to the Records . . . Navies , ser. .1, vols. 
 
 Mobile Squadron are in Official 20-22, passim. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Admiral Buchanan’s letter book. Mar. 
 
 3, 1863, in the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North 
 Carolina Library contains letters, orders, and reports written from the’’Naval 
 Commandant’s Office” at Mobile, Sept. 12, 1862-Nov. 20, 1863. Letters 
 addressed to Secretary Mallory, the Office of Orders and Detail, the Office 
 of Medicine and Surgery, Col. Lloyd J. Beall, President Davis, and offi¬ 
 cers of the squadron and nearby naval stations concern the operations of 
 the squadron, work on the cruiser Florida at the naval station, the construc¬ 
 tion of vessels at Mobile, Oven Bluff,, and Selma, the defense of Mobile 
 Bay, personnel matters, the marine guard, the procurement of iron, coal 
 and ordnance, the disposition of men from the Mississippi River Squadron, 
 and discipline and court-martial cases. 
 
 In the same repository are a journal of the Florida (renamed the Sel¬ 
 ma) , Feb. 12-July 4, 1862, by Acting Mid. Thomas L. Moore; a microfilm 
 of letters and orders of Lt. Thomas L. Harrison, commander of the Morgan , 
 1862-64, and of the Nashville . 1865; personal letters, 1862-63, of Charles 
 I. Graves; and letters of Lt. George W. Gift from the Baltic and Gaines 
 in 1863. For the Tennessee a few documents of 1864 are in the Library of 
 Congress, a descriptive list of the crew, Feb. 1864, is in the Confederate 
 Museum, and quarter and fire bills, 1864, are in the Ohio Historical Socie¬ 
 ty collections. 
 
 An extensive collection of official records of John M. Pearl, 1863-65 
 (600 items), accumulated while he was assistant paymaster on the Morgan, 
 Mobile Squadron, is in the Connecticut State Library. The correspondence 
 includes letters from Admiral Buchanan, Captain Farrand, Secretary Mal¬ 
 lory, and Comdr. George W. Harrison. There are also military orders, 
 copies of transfer and discharge orders, payrolls, a payroll account book, 
 checks, orders to the storekeeper, bills of exchange on Richmond, letters 
 of introduction, surgeons’ reports, and printed Confederate Navy circulars. 
 
 Mississippi River Squadron 
 
 During 1861 the Navy built up a squadron for the defense of the Missis¬ 
 sippi River and the coast of Louisiana. Navy officers sent to New Orleans 
 acquired and had converted into warships the side-wheel steamers Bienville , 
 Carondelet, Ivy , Jackson , Livingston , Maurepas , Pamlico , and Pontchar - 
 train . They purchased and armed the steamers Florida , General Polk, 
 McRae , and Mobile, fitted out the floating batteries New Orleans and Mem ¬ 
 phis, and took over the revenue cutters Morgan and Pickens . Other vessels 
 built locally under contract included the ironclads Louisiana, Manassas, 
 and Mississippi. Late in 1861 part of the squadron ascended the Mississippi 
 to cooperate with the Army in stopping the descent of U.S. vessels; some of 
 the squadron’s vessels were destroyed and others took flight. In Apr. 1862 
 another part of the squadron was largely destroyed in a battle below New 
 
362 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Orleans. The Arkansas assisted Gen. Earl Van Dorn in thwarting the 
 attempt of the U.S. fleet to take Vicksburg, but it developed engine trouble 
 and had to be blown up. In 1863 the Pontchartrain was burned in the Arkan¬ 
 sas River and the Ivy and the Mobile in the Yazoo River to prevent their 
 capture by Union forces which thereafter controlled the Mississippi River. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Capt. Lawrence Rousseau, Mar. 1861. 
 
 Capt. George N. Hollins, Aug. 1861. 
 
 Comdr. John K. Mitchell, Apr. 20, 1862. 
 
 Capt. William F. Lynch, June 1862. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -Flag Officers Hollins and Mitchell gave a few 
 manuscripts to the Office of Naval Records and Library. The area file 
 (area 5) and the subject file in the Naval Records Collection contain corre¬ 
 spondence by the flag officers and others. Commander Mitchell’s report 
 of Aug. 19, 1862, on the naval battle of Apr. 24 with 14 enclosures is in 
 subject file HA. In the same place are letters received by Lt. John J. Guth¬ 
 rie, Feb.-Mar. 1862, while commanding a floating battery on the Missis¬ 
 sippi River under Captain Hollins. A notebook diary of Mid. John A. Wil¬ 
 son relating to his service on the Arkansas in the summer of 1862 is in the 
 Naval Records Collection. 
 
 Mitchell’s report and enclo- other documents are in Official Re- 
 sures referred to above, records of cords . . .Navies , ser. 1, vol. 1, p. 
 the court of inquiry concerning the 289-334, and passim, 
 naval defeat on the Mississippi, and 
 
 Red River Squadron 
 
 In Sept. 1863 the ironclad steam gunboat Missouri w as delivered to 
 the naval defenses of western Louisiana, whose headquarters was at Alex¬ 
 andria on the Red River. Although guns were mounted on the Missouri , its 
 activities were limited to transporting and mining between Alexandria and 
 Shreveport. The Cotton accompanied it as a tender, and the wooden ram 
 William H. Webb also became part of the squadron. In Apr. 1865 the Wil ¬ 
 liam H. Webb was burned by its crew, and in June the Missouri surren¬ 
 dered at Alexandria and the Cotton was seized. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Comdr. Thomas W. Brent, 1863. 
 
 Lt. Jonathan H. Carter, Nov. 1863. 
 
 Record Group 45 . —On taking command of the Red River Squadron, 
 Lieutenant Carter continued to record outgoing letters in the volume he had 
 used as commandant of the station at Shreveport. These letters, Nov. 4, 
 1863-May 5, 1865 (p. 52-150), to Secretary Mallory, the Office of Orders 
 and Detail, and Asst. Paymaster Edward McKean at Shreveport concern 
 the condition of command and personnel matters; others to Army officers 
 at Shreveport and Houston concern the crew of the Missouri and supplies 
 for the vessels of the squadron. The volume is in the Naval Records Col¬ 
 lection. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A few records of the Red River Squadron, 
 Mar. -Oct. 1863, when Commander Brent was in command, are in the Man¬ 
 uscript Division of the Library of Congress. They include a muster roll, 
 lists of officers, orders to officers, engineers’ requisitions for tools, or¬ 
 ders to officers from the Office of Orders and Detail, and shipping articles 
 
NAVAL SQUADRONS 
 
 363 
 
 of enlisted men. 
 Galveston Squadron 
 
 In the summer of 1861 Comdr. William W. Hunter, after reporting to 
 the War Department on orders of the Secretary of the Navy, went to Texas 
 where he was placed in charge of the naval defenses of Galveston. In this 
 position he was subordinate to Brig. Gen. Paul O. Hubert, commander of 
 the Military Department of Texas. For more than a year Hunter worked 
 with the Army in building up the fortifications of Galveston. He armed and 
 manned the schooner Royal Yacht for use in communicating with the main¬ 
 land, placed a crew on the former revenue schooner Henry Dodge , and 
 chartered the former mailboat Bayou City . When the Union expedition ap¬ 
 peared, however, the Confederates decided that Galveston was not strong 
 enough to resist attack and withdrew on Oct. 8, 1862. Afterward Hunter 
 disputed with the Army the disposition to be made of the Henry Dodge 
 and its ordnance, but despite his protests the crew and arms of that vessel 
 were transferred to the Bayou City which the Army planned to use with 
 other vessels in an attack on Galveston. Galveston was recaptured on Jan. 
 1, 1863, and with it the U. S. S. Harriet Lane, which soon afterward was 
 transferred to the Confederate Navy. On Apr. 15, 1863, Hunter transferred 
 the men under his command to Lt. Joseph N. Barney for service on the 
 Harriet Lane. Barney’s command was brief, for the Secretary of the Navy 
 ordered the return of that vessel to the Army. 
 
 Successive commanders of this squadron: 
 
 Comdr. William W. Hunter, 1861. 
 
 Lt. Joseph N. Barney, Apr. 15, 1863. 
 
 Record Group 45^ . - -The area file (area 6) in the Naval Records Col¬ 
 lection contains some correspondence relating to the Galveston Squadron. 
 Part of the letters-sent book of Comdr. Joseph N. Barney covers the peri¬ 
 od of his command of the Harriet Lane , Feb. 13-Apr. 20, 1863 (p. 68-98). 
 The book contains fair copies of letters to Secretary Mallory and the Office 
 of Orders and Detail concerning the condition, equipment, and personnel of 
 the Harriet Lane and to Army officers regarding its movements, coal, and 
 armament. 
 
 Correspondence of Command- vice records which is described in 
 er Hunter is in the file of naval ser- chapter XI of this Guide . 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Official records of the Galveston Squa¬ 
 dron are in the W. W. Hunter papers, Aug. 1861-Apr. 1863, in the Louisi¬ 
 ana Historical Association collection on deposit in the Howard-Tilton Me¬ 
 morial Library of Tulane University. Correspondence, including drafts of 
 letters sent and received, is with Secretary Mallory, offices of the Navy 
 Department, commanding officers of vessels. Paymaster John W. Nixon at 
 New Orleans, Brig. Gen. P. O. Hubert and other Army officers, and busi¬ 
 ness firms and individuals from whom vessels were chartered. Other 
 materials include lists of steam vessels in Galveston Bay, charter parties 
 of vessels hired for the use of the Navy, a transcript of the journal of the 
 Dodge, Oct. 1861, lists of seamen, and orders of the Military Department 
 of Texas. A logbook of the Bayou City , Sept. 26, 1861-Oct. 28, 1862 (with 
 a journal for Dec. 16, 1862-Apr. 24, 1863), supplies information about its 
 activities and those of the squadron. 
 
364 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Other correspondence of Commander Hunter, July 1861-May 1863 (ca. 
 80 items), is in the Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. It 
 includes reports to Secretary Mallory, instructions to officers, correspond¬ 
 ence with Paymaster John W. Nixon at New Orleans and Jackson, Miss., 
 communications with General Hubert and other Army officers regarding the 
 operations of the squadron and the placement of guns, and acceptances of 
 appointments. 
 
 Correspondence, reports, and 
 orders relating to the Galveston 
 Squadron are in Official Records . 
 
 . . Navies, ser. 1, vol. 16, p. 835- 
 859, vol. 17, p. 149-169, vol. 18, p. 
 823-855, vol. 19, p. 785-842, and 
 vol. 20, p. 804-822. For an ab¬ 
 
 stract of the logbook of the Bayou 
 City , Master Philip F. Appel com¬ 
 manding, see vol. 16, p. 859-869, 
 vol. 17, p. 170-175, and vol. 18, p. 
 825-829. For an abstract of Hunter’s 
 journal, Dec. 16, 1862-Apr. 24, 
 1863, see vol. 19, p. 813-817. 
 
 NAVAL BATTERIES 
 
 In 1861 the Confederate Navy Department assigned naval officers to 
 command batteries on rivers and at seaports. Batteries that had been 
 erected by the Virginia Navy were transferred to Confederate service in 
 June 1861 along with the personnel manning them. The batteries on the 
 Elizabeth River and in its vicinity were located at Fort Norfolk, Fort Nel¬ 
 son Naval Hospital, Craney Island, Bush’s Bluff, Pinner’s Point, Sewell’s 
 Point, Lambert’s Point, Barrett’s Point, Town Point, and Pig Point. On 
 the York River batteries under naval command were at West Point, Glou¬ 
 cester Point, and Yorktown. Lowry’s Point on the Rappahannock River 
 was the site of another battery. To protect routes leading from the Poto¬ 
 mac River to Richmond, including the terminus of the Richmond, Freder¬ 
 icksburg, and Potomac Railroad on Aquia Creek, batteries were construc¬ 
 ted at the mouth of Aquia Creek, at nearby Simms’ Point, at Potomac 
 Creek, and at Potomac Creek Bridge. Batteries established at Evansport 
 on the Potomac River in Sept. 1861 under the command of Comdr. Ebenezer 
 Farrand were abandoned in Mar. 1862. The first batteries on the James 
 River were at Fort Powhatan and Jamestown Island. In May 1862 after the 
 Union invasion of southern Virginia began, strong fortifications were built 
 at Drewry’s Bluff on the west bank of the James River 7 miles below Rich¬ 
 mond and at Chaffin’s Bluff 11/2 miles below Drewry’s Bluff on the opposite 
 side of the river. Farrand’s command of the naval, marine, and army 
 personnel manning the batteries and entrenchments at Drewry’s Bluff was 
 brief. Capt. Sidney S. Lee assumed that command in May 1862 and exer¬ 
 cised it until 1864 when he was succeeded by Lt. Col. George H. Terrett, 
 C.S.M. C. In Oct. 1864, Capt. John K. Mitchell, as flag officer of the 
 James River Squadron, assigned some of his officers and enlisted person¬ 
 nel to Batteries Brooke, Semmes, and Wood on the James River. On Nov. 
 15, 1864, Mitchell transferred command of these batteries to Lt. William 
 Bradford. Farther south there were naval batteries at Indian Wells, N.C., 
 and Battery Buchanan at Wilmington. Naval officers also participated in 
 the construction of batteries at other points on the coast including Charles¬ 
 ton, Apalachicola, Mobile, Ship Island, and Galveston, and naval gunners 
 were sometimes assigned to them. 
 
NAVAL PROCUREMENT IN EUROPE 
 
 365 
 
 A list of the naval defenses of 
 Virginia, June 1861, in Official 
 Records . . . Navies , ser. 1, vol. 
 
 5, p. 804-806, includes the names 
 of officers commanding batteries. 
 
 William M. Robinson, Jr., "Drewry’s 
 Bluff: Naval Defense of Richmond, 
 1862, " Civil War History , 7:167-175 
 (June 1961). 
 
 Record Group 45 . —A logbook of Battery Brooke on the James River, 
 Oct. 28, 1864-Apr. 2, 1865, when it was commanded by Lt. John H. Ingra¬ 
 ham and then Lt. Charles Borum, is in the Naval Records Collection. It 
 gives information on personnel, supplies, the activities of the battery, and 
 the mounting and firing of guns, with some references to other batteries. 
 
 A diary of Mid. John A. Wilson describes activities at Drewry's Bluff from 
 Oct. 1862 to Apr. 1863. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The papers of Lt. John Taylor Wood in 
 the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Li¬ 
 brary include many letters written from Drewry’s Bluff to his wife in 1862. 
 Letters of Lt. William L. Maury, who was stationed at Sewell's Point on 
 the Elizabeth River in 1861, are in the University of Virginia Library. 
 
 NAVAL PROCUREMENT IN EUROPE 
 
 Throughout the war the Confederate Navy Department maintained an 
 agent in England whose duty was to purchase or contract for the building of 
 vessels and to obtain naval supplies. The agent selected for this secret 
 mission was Comdr. James D. Bulloch who reached Liverpool on June 4, 
 1861. He succeeded in acquiring for the Confederate Navy the cruisers 
 Florida, Alabama, Alexandra, Georgiana , and Shenandoah which did much 
 damage to U. S. shipping during the war. These vessels went to sea as 
 merchant ships, but they were met at prearranged rendezvous by tenders 
 from which were transferred the armament that was used to fit them out as 
 warships. Bulloch contracted with the Messrs. Laird of Birkenhead for 
 two ironclad rams, but a threat of war by the United States resulted in their 
 purchase by the British Navy. In 1863 Bulloch contracted with a shipbuilder 
 at Bordeaux, France, for the construction of four wooden screw corvettes 
 and two ironclads, but under pressure from the U. S. minister the French 
 Government prevented the delivery of these vessels. By devious means, 
 however, one of the corvettes was acquired by the Confederacy and became 
 the Stonewall . Bulloch was designated in 1864 for the purchase and construc¬ 
 tion of Government blockade-runners employed for exporting cotton and im¬ 
 porting war supplies. Other officers who served with Bulloch included Lt. 
 John Low and Lt. Robert R. Carter. 
 
 Lt. James H. North contracted with a Clyde River shipbuilder for an 
 ironclad vessel that he was to command, but the British Government inter¬ 
 fered and the vessel was sold to Denmark. Comdr. Matthew F. Maury, 
 who reached London in Dec. 1862, was authorized to purchase a cruiser. 
 
 In Mar. 1863 he bought a new steamer that he then had converted into the 
 Georgia . Late in 1863 he negotiated the purchase of another steamer that 
 became the Rappahannock when Confederate naval officers assumed com¬ 
 mand of her in the English Channel. He gathered information on torpedoes 
 and guns, conducted laboratory experiments on torpedoes, and sent data 
 and equipment to the Navy Department in Richmond. On a mission similar 
 to North's, Lt. George T. Sinclair contracted with a shipyard at Glasgow 
 for a steamer, but it was seized by the British government before it was 
 
366 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 completed. Lt. William H. Murdaugh inspected and arranged for the tran¬ 
 sportation of ordnance stores. 
 
 James D. Bulloch, The Se ¬ 
 cret Service of the Confederate 
 States in Europe; or, How the Con¬ 
 
 federate Cruisers Were Equipped (2 
 vols.; New York, 1884); Williams, 
 Matthew Fontaine Maury. 
 
 Record Group 45 .--Records accumulated by Comdr. James D. Bul¬ 
 loch in England during the war included correspondence with the Secretary 
 of the Navy, Confederate commissioners in Europe, shipbuilders, agents, 
 and others. In 1894 the Office of Naval Records and Library borrowed two 
 lots of Bulloch’s papers through his nephew, the Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, 
 had them copied, and returned them. Efforts of historians to locate the 
 original Bulloch papers in recent years have been unsuccessful. 
 
 Comdr. James H. North also loaned his papers to the Office of Naval 
 Records and Library for copying (190 documents were returned to him). 
 Included was correspondence with Secretary Mallory, Bulloch, Barron, 
 Maury, other naval officers, British shipyards and firms, James M. Mason 
 (the Confederate commissioner in England), and Colin J. McRae (the Con¬ 
 federate financial agent in Europe). 
 
 Bulloch used his own papers 
 and other documentary sources in 
 preparing his Secret Service of the 
 Confederate States in Europe , in 
 which he published some of his cor¬ 
 respondence of 1861-63 with Secre¬ 
 tary Mallory, letters to naval offi¬ 
 cers, and the report of Lt. Thomas 
 K. Porter, Feb. 20, 1865, on the 
 capture of the Florida by the U.S.S. 
 Wachusett . Other correspondence 
 on the construction of Confederate 
 
 cruisers in England including letters 
 of Bulloch is in U. S. Department of 
 State, Correspondence Concerning 
 Claims Against Great Britain . . . 
 
 (7 vols.; Washington, 1869-71). A 
 much larger quantity of correspond¬ 
 ence on the same subject, particular¬ 
 ly with Secretary Mallory, Lt. James 
 H. North, and others, is in Official 
 Records . . .Navies , ser. 2, vol. 2. 
 Documents from North's papers also 
 appear in this volume. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Matthew F. Maury's papers in the Man¬ 
 uscript Division of the Library of Congress contain some wartime corre¬ 
 spondence relating to his activities in Europe including instructions of Feb. 
 21, 1863, from Secretary Mallory and a record book concerning his experi¬ 
 ments with electric torpedoes, Dec. 1864-May 1865. Other Maury papers 
 are in Duke University Library, the Henry E. Huntington Library, and the 
 Virginia Historical Society collections. 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES NAVAL FORCES IN EUROPE 
 
 Capt. Samuel Barron and his staff went to England in the summer of 
 1863 to obtain crews for the ironclad rams under construction at Birken¬ 
 head. When those vessels were purchased by the British Navy, Barron 
 moved to Paris where he established his headquarters as Flag Officer Com¬ 
 manding Confederate States Naval Forces in Europe. His staff included in 
 May 1864 Commanders North, Sinclair, and Joseph N. Barney; and Lts. 
 Henry B. Claiborne and John H. Ingraham. They were concerned with 
 the construction of ironclads in France, the repair and fitting out of the 
 Georgia and the Stonewall , the manning of cruisers, and the procurement 
 
CRUISERS 
 
 367 
 
 of naval supplies for shipment on blockade-runners. Felix Senac served 
 as paymaster under Barron, 1863-65. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Samuel Barron’s papers were given to 
 the William and Mary College Library in 1942. Part of them relate to his 
 activities as Flag Officer Commanding Confederate States Naval Forces in 
 Europe. A letters-sent book, Jan. 5, 1864-Mar. 4, 1865, contains copies 
 of letters to Secretary Mallory; to officers commanding the Florida (J. N. 
 Barney and Charles M. Morris), the Georgia (William L. Maury and Willi¬ 
 am E. Evans), and the Rappahannock (Lt. W. P. A. Campbell); to M. F. 
 Maury, G. T. Sinclair, J. D. Bulloch, J. H. North, and other officers in 
 Europe; to the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography; and to James M. Ma¬ 
 son, the Confederate commissioner in England. Letters were received 
 from most of these officers, from Lt. Charles M. Fauntleroy aboard the 
 Rappahannock at Calais, from Secretary Mallory, and from Capt. Raphael 
 Semmes while he was aboard the Alabama at Cherbourg and in England. 
 
 The correspondence and reports concern the operations of the cruisers and 
 their supply, repair, personnel, and disposition. Other documents include 
 lists of officers and crews, vessels captured by the Florida , the crew of 
 the Alabama saved by the British ship Deerhound , and the crew and prison¬ 
 ers of the Alabama . A diary of James H. North in the Southern Historical 
 Collection in the University of North Carolina Library contains entries for 
 1861 on duties performed for the Navy in the Confederacy and at Liverpool, 
 London, and Paris. 
 
 A diary of Lt. Francis T. Chew, May 16, 1863-Sept. 16, 1864, is in 
 the same repository. It concerns his trip to Europe with a party of naval 
 officers including John Grimball, Edmund G. Read, William F. Carter, 
 Alexander M. Mason, Thomas J. Charlton, Bennett W. Green, and Sam¬ 
 uel S. Gregory. 
 
 The William C. Whittle collection in the Norfolk Museum of Arts and 
 Sciences contains other correspondence relating to the activities of the Con¬ 
 federate Navy in Europe. Included are letters from Bulloch to Barron, Mar. 
 14, 1864-Feb. 16, 1865 (40 items), manuscripts relating to the Rappahannock , 
 July 8, 1864-Aug. 12, 1864 (34 items), letters from Secretary Mallory to 
 Barron, Oct. 1863-Apr. 6, 1864 (3 items), and letters from various offi¬ 
 cers to Barron, Feb. 9, 1864-Feb. 14, 1865 (27 items). 
 
 CRUISERS 
 
 Though most Confederate naval vessels remained in home waters, a 
 few preyed upon U.S. merchant ships on the high seas. The Sumter ran 
 the blockade of the Mississippi River on June 30, 1861, then cruised in the 
 Caribbean and the Atlantic under Comdr. Raphael Semmes before it was 
 abandoned at Gibraltar in Jan. 1862. Lt. Robert B. Pegram commanded 
 the Nashville on a cruise from Charleston to England in the fall of 1861. A 
 British-built steamer left Liverpool in July 1862, and as the Alabama under 
 Capt. Raphael Semmes raided U. S. shipping in the Atlantic, the West 
 Indies, and the Pacific before it was sunk by the U. S. S. Kearsarge off the 
 coast of France in June 1864. The Tuscaloosa, an American bark captured 
 by the Alabama in June 1863, made a cruise toward the Cape of Good Hope 
 under Lt. John Low. The Florida , another steamer that sailed from Eng¬ 
 land in 1862, cruised under Capt. John N. Maffitt, Comdr. Joseph N. Bar¬ 
 ney, and Lt. Charles M. Morris in the North Atlantic, the West Indies, the 
 Gulf of Mexico, and the South Atlantic; it was rammed and seized in a 
 
368 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Brazilian port in Oct. 1864 by the U.S. S. Wachusett . Transferring from 
 the Florida to a captured brig, the Clarence, in May 1863, Lt. Charles W. 
 Read cruised off the Atlantic coast in that vessel and two other captures, 
 the Tacony and the Archer , until his capture off the coast of New England 
 in June. Acquired on the Clyde River in Scotland in Mar. 1863, the Georgia 
 operated in the Atlantic under Comdr. William L. Maury and later Lt. Wil¬ 
 liam E. Evans; it was sold at Liverpool in June 1864. The Georgiana , a 
 steamer built at Glasgow, was disabled by gunfire and later burned by Union 
 blockaders after attempting to run into Charleston in Mar. 1865. After de¬ 
 parting from the Thames River in Nov. 1863, the Rappahannock drifted to 
 Calais where it was detained by the French Government; the commanding 
 officers there were Lt. William F. Carter and Lt. Charles M. Fauntleroy. 
 A converted blockade-runner, the Tallahassee, made a destructive cruise 
 under Comdr. John T. Wood from Cape Hatteras to Halifax in the summer 
 of 1864. This vessel left Wilmington as the Olustee at the end of Oct. 1864 
 under Lt. W. H. Ward and captured some ships off the Capes of Delaware. 
 The Confederate Government then bought the Chickamauga at Wilmington 
 and sent it on a raid up the Atlantic coast under Lt. John Wilkinson. The 
 ironclad ram Stonewall , built in France and purchased in Denmark, was 
 blockaded by U.S. vessels at Ferrol, Spain, and escaped across the Atlan¬ 
 tic too late in 1865 to engage in any attacks on Union vessels. From Glas¬ 
 gow the Shenandoah , a former East Indiaman, sailed around the Cape of Good 
 Hope and sank most of the Union whaling fleet in the northern Pacific in 
 1865. All together. Confederate cruisers sank or captured 260 merchant 
 ships with cargoes valued at more than $20 million. 
 
 Edna and Frank Bradlow, 
 
 Here Comes the Alabama; the Ca~ 
 reer of a Confederate Raider (Cape 
 Town, 1958); Benjamin F. Gilbert, 
 "Confederate Warships off Brazil, " 
 American Neptune, 15:287-302 (Oct. 
 1955); Jim Dan Hill, Sea Dogs of the 
 Sixties; Farragut and Seven Contem ¬ 
 poraries (Minneapolis, 1935); Willi- 
 am S. Hoole, Four Years in the 
 Confederate Navy; the Career of 
 Captain John Low on the C. S. S. 
 
 Fingal, Florida, Alabama, Tusca¬ 
 
 loosa, and Ajax (Athens, 1964); Stan- 
 ley F. Horn, Gallant Rebel, the 
 Fabulous Cruise of the C.S.S. Shen ¬ 
 
 andoah (New Brunswick, 1947); Mur- 
 ray C. Morgan, Dixie Raider; the 
 Saga of the C.S.S. Shenandoah (New 
 York, 1948); Frank L. Owsley, Jr., 
 The C.S.S. Florida; Her Building 
 
 and Operations (Philadelphia, 1965); 
 
 Walter A. Roberts, Semmes of the 
 Alabama (Indianapolis, 1938). 
 
 Record Group 45 . —Some Confederate naval officers who commanded 
 cruisers lent their papers to the Office of Naval Records and Library for 
 copying. Among them were Joseph N. Barney, commander of the Florida, 
 1863-64, William F. Carter, commander of the Rappahannock , 1863-64, 
 John N. Maffitt, commander of the Florida , 1862-63, Thomas J. Page, 
 commander of the Stonewall , 1864-65, Raphael Semmes, commander of the 
 Sumter and later of the Alabama , George T. Sinclair, commander of the 
 Georgiana , 1863, James I. Waddell, commander of the Shenandoah , 1864- 
 65, and John T. Wood, commander of the Tallahassee, 1864. Copies of 
 these papers were placed in the area file (area 4) and the subject file of the 
 Naval Records Collection. Among the book records is a smooth copy of the 
 logbook of the Florida , Jan. 9-Sept. 8, 1864, made on a printed form simi¬ 
 lar to two of the logbooks of this vessel in Record Group 76. An abstract 
 of the logbook of the Florida, Aug. 17, 1862-May 31, 1863, prepared by 
 
CRUISERS 
 
 369 
 
 Mid. George D. Bryan is in a separate volume; like the other logbook for 
 this vessel it helps to fill the gap in the series described under Record 
 Group 76. In the same book is the log of the Lapwing (Mar. 30-Apr. 15, 
 1863), which was captured by the Florida and cruised briefly in the South 
 Atlantic. Also included in Record Group 45 is a copy of the journal of Mid. 
 Clarence Cary which is described below under Record Group 76. 
 
 In the Official Records . . . 
 Navies, ser. 1, vols. 1-3, are 
 more than 600 pages of documents 
 relating to the operations of the Con¬ 
 federate cruisers. Included are 
 records of Semmes relating to the 
 cruise of the Sumter , 1861-62 (vol. 
 1, p. 613-686), extracts of his jour¬ 
 nal on the Sumter, May 24, 1861- 
 Apr. 11, 1862 (vol. 1, p. 691-744); 
 and extracts of his journal on the 
 Alabama, Aug. 20, 1862-June 1864 
 (vol. 1, p. 783-817, vol. 2, p. 720- 
 807, and vol. 3, p. 669-677). Doc¬ 
 uments are printed also in Raphael 
 Semmes, The Log of the '^Alabama " 
 and the **Sumter’* from the Private 
 Journals and Other Papers of Com ¬ 
 mander R. Semmes, C.S.N., and 
 Other Officers (London and New 
 York, 1864); Laird Brothers, Birk¬ 
 enhead, Birkenhead Iron-Clads ; 
 Correspondence between Her Maj ¬ 
 esty's Government and Messrs. 
 Laird Brothers; and an Appendix . 
 
 . . Respecting the Iron-Clad Ves- 
 sels Building at Birkenhead, 1863- 
 4 (London, 1864). For copies of 
 Semmes’ correspondence relating 
 to the Sumter , see the chapter on 
 the State Department in this Guide . 
 Reproductions of British Foreign 
 Office records, Feb. 1863-June 
 1864, relating to the ironclads built 
 at Birkenhead are in the Manuscript 
 
 Division of the Library of Congress. 
 
 Papers relating to cruisers 
 and their tenders are in the Foreign 
 Office records in the British Public 
 Record Office, London, England. 
 
 The records include books containing 
 crew lists and meager log entries on 
 ship movements, copies of certifi¬ 
 cates of registration, permits for 
 sale, and documents about the sale 
 and repurchase of vessels. The ves¬ 
 sels include the Agrippina , Ajax, 
 
 Alar, Bahama , Bermuda , Chicka- 
 maugaTEdith ), Georgia , Georgiana , 
 Hawk , Hercules, Louisa , Ann Fanny , 
 Shenandoah , Southerner , Tallahassee , 
 and Virginia . See Great Britain, 
 Public Record Office, List of For¬ 
 eign Office Records to 1878 Preserved 
 in the Public Record Office, p. 
 
 20 (London, 1929). Registry docu- 
 ments concerning the Agrippina , the 
 Alar , the Bahama, and the Florida , 
 and probably others are in the Gen¬ 
 eral Register and Record Office of 
 Shipping and Seamen (Ministry of 
 Transport and Civil Aviation, Car¬ 
 diff, Wales). Other manuscripts re¬ 
 lating to the Alabama and other Con¬ 
 federate cruisers are described in 
 Bernard R. Crick and Miriam Al- 
 man, eds., A Guide to Manuscripts 
 Relating to America in Great Britain 
 and Ireland (London and New York, 
 1961). 
 
 Record Group 59 . - -Some intercepted papers of Confederates in the 
 general records of the Department of State relate to the C. S.S. Florida . 
 These include letters received by Commanders Barney and Charles M. 
 Morris, 1863-64, concerning the Florida’s cruise, machinery, and repairs; 
 and appointments by Barney of men in the ship’s company, 1863-64. Re¬ 
 cords of Richard Taylor, assistant paymaster of the Florida, include let¬ 
 ters received, vouchers, a payroll of officers, and a quarterly return of 
 disbursements, 1863-64. 
 
 Record Group 76 . —Among the records of the Geneva Tribunal of 
 Arbitration are logbooks and other records of the C.S.S. Florida 
 
370 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 (available on microfilm as T 716). The logbooks (4 vols.) are for the peri¬ 
 ods Aug. 17, 1862-Jan. 22, 1863, and Sept. 17, 1863-Oct. 3, 1864. The 
 other records include receipts for payments by Asst. Paymaster Richard 
 Taylor, Sept. 1863-Oct. 1864; a medical journal kept by Asst. Surgeons 
 Thomas J. Charlton and Thomas Emory, Feb. 1-Sept. 29, 1864; a list of 
 the officers and crew of the Florida on Mar. 29, 1864, the date of the cap¬ 
 ture of the Avon; and the proceedings of a court held in Sept. 1864 to try 
 eight crewmen on charges of mutinous conduct and sodomy. 
 
 Also in this record group is the journal of Mid. Clarence Cary, Sept. 
 24, 1864-Dec. 28, 1864 (microfilm in the University of Virginia Library), 
 with quarter and station bills of the C.S.S. Palmetto State , notes on sea¬ 
 manship, remarks on events between Jan. 15 and Mar. 18, 1865, and ink or 
 pencil sketches of the Chickamauga , the Drewry , the Frolic , the Roanoke , 
 the Moultrie , the United States , and the Tallahassee . Lt. James Parker, 
 
 U. S. N., sent this diary to the Navy Department at Washington after the 
 war (Mrs. Burton N. Harrison, Recollections Grave and Gay, New York, 
 1911, p. 193). 
 
 A letter book of Lt. Charles M. Morris, Jan. 31-Sept. 29, 1864, con¬ 
 tains copies of letters sent while he commanded the Florida and some let¬ 
 ters received. They concern the cruise of the Florida , repairs to its en¬ 
 gines, the procurement of supplies and fuel, and personnel matters. 
 
 Included also is an engineering logbook of the Florida , Jan. 2-Oct. 4, 1864. 
 
 Cary's diary is reproduced Journal of Midshipman Cary, ’’ Civil 
 in Brooks Thompson and Frank L. War History , 9:187-202 (June 1963). 
 Owsley, Jr., eds., ’’The War 
 
 Record Group 84 . --Copies of letters received by Lt. C. M. Morris 
 from Commander Bulloch, Jan. 14, 1864, and from Commander Barney, 
 
 Feb. 5, 1864 (enclosures in a letter from Secretary of State Seward to C. 
 
 F. Adams, Dec. 21, 1864), are in the records of the U. S. Embassy in 
 Great Britain in Record Group 84 (Records of the Foreign Service Posts of 
 the Department of State). Bulloch's letter concerns the recruitment of men 
 for service on the Florida ; Barney's letter contains remarks on the use of 
 the Florida's engines, on the payment of allotments made by crew members, 
 and other matters. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The logbook of the Alabama , July 29, 
 1862-June 14, 1864, is in the Mobile Public Library, having been bought for 
 the library in Dec. 1963 at Sotheby's in London for $3,640. A photographic 
 copy of Lt. John Low's journal of the Alabama , July 28, 1862-June 20, 1863, 
 is in the University of Alabama Library. WiUiam S. Hoole, whose work on 
 Low is cited above, located this journal and that of the Tuscaloosa (see be¬ 
 low) in 1957 in the hands of Low's descendants in England. An engineering 
 logbook of the Florida , Jan. -Sept. 1863, is in the New-York Historical So¬ 
 ciety collections. Kept by Engineers John Spidel and Charles W. Quinn, it 
 concerns a cruise from Mobile under Comdr. John N. Maffitt. The log¬ 
 book of the Georgia. Apr. 9, 1863-Jan. 18, 1864, Lt. William L. Maury 
 commanding, is in the the Virginia Historical Society collections and another 
 copy is in the Confederate Museum. The logbook of the Shenandoah , Oct. 
 
 20, 1864-Nov. 5, 1865 (2 vols.), Lt. James I. Waddell commanding, was 
 acquired by the North Carolina Department of Archives and History in 1949 
 (microfilm in the Library of Congress and the University of North Carolina 
 Library). The logbook of the Tuscaloosa kept by Lt. John Low, June 21- 
 
CRUISERS 
 
 371 
 
 Dec. 31, 1863, is in the University of Alabama Library. The engineering 
 logbook of the Stonewall , Jan. 25-May 17, 1865, Capt. Thomas J. Page 
 commanding, is in the Confederate Museum. 
 
 A journal of Lt. Francis T. Chew, Nov. 2, 1864-Nov. 4, 1865, con¬ 
 cerning the cruise of the Shenandoah is in the Southern Historical Collection 
 in the University of North Carolina Library. While serving as an assistant 
 paymaster at Calais, France, during 1863-65, Douglas F. Forrest kept a 
 diary (Nov. 26, 1863-Dec. 13, 1864, and Mar. 5-June 25, 1865) now in the 
 Archives Division of the Virginia State Library. It describes activities on 
 the Rappahannock which was tied up at Calais and contacts with southerners 
 who visited France, including Mrs. Rose O’Neal Greenhow, naval officers, 
 and blockade-runners. Autobiographical notes, 1861-65, and a diary, Jan. 
 24-May 20, 1865, of Bennett W. Green, a naval surgeon, are in the Univer¬ 
 sity of Virginia Library. The diary concerns the voyage of the Stonewall 
 from Quiberon Bay to Coruna and Ferrol, Spain, and thence to Cuba. Asst. 
 Surg. Charles E. Lining kept diaries, 1855-76, that were purchased by the 
 Texas Archives of the University of Texas Library. A journal kept by Dr. 
 Lining on board the Shenandoah , Oct. 18, 1864-Nov. 8, 1865, is in the Con¬ 
 federate Museum (reproduced in Freehian, Calendar of Confederate Papers , 
 p. 126-163). Charles W. Quinn, assistant engineer of the Florida , kept a 
 journal of the cruise of that vessel, Jan. 1, 1863-Apr. 4, 1864; often it is 
 more detailed than the official logbook. It is in the Confederate Museum, 
 as is also Mid. John T. Mason’s journal of the Shenandoah, Oct. 19, 1864- 
 Nov. 5, 1865. 
 
 Records kept by Richard Taylor, assistant paymaster on the Florida , 
 1863-64, and at Liverpool, 1864-65, are in the possession of Harvey Smith 
 (1 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y,, 10010). They are for 1864-65 and in¬ 
 clude correspondence, orders, bills, vouchers, payrolls, check stubs, 
 canceled checks, receipts, allotments, officers’ transfer accounts, note¬ 
 books, and accounts of crew members and officers of the Florida , Alabama , 
 Stonewall, and Shenandoah . Various papers of Lt. Samuel Barron, Jr., 
 
 1863- 64, when he served abroad, are with Taylor’s papers. 
 
 Wartime papers of Comdr. John N. Maffitt, Aug. 18, 1861-Feb. 24. 
 1865 (1 in.), relating to his command of the Florida during 1862-63 and la¬ 
 ter of the blockade-runners Florrie, Lilian, and Owl, were presented to 
 the Southern Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Li¬ 
 brary in 1950 by a granddaughter. In the same repository are Raphael 
 Semmes’ commissions as captain, June 2, 1864, and as rear admiral, Feb. 
 10, 1865. The papers of Lt. James I. Waddell in the North Carolina Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives and History include a letter to Lord John Russell, Nov. 
 
 5, 1865, giving an account of the cruise of the Shenandoah during 1864-65 
 and its surrender to the British Government. The letters of Comdr. Willi¬ 
 am L. Maury in the University of Virginia Library supply information re¬ 
 garding his command of the Georgia, Jan. 1863-Jan. 1864, earlier assign¬ 
 ments at Sewell’s Point, Va., and Charlotte, N.C., and his duties during 
 
 1864- 65 at Wilmington and Richmond. In Duke University Library are let¬ 
 ters by Comdr. John M. Kell concerning his command of the Savannah , his 
 cruises as executive officer on the Sumter and the Alabama , and his com¬ 
 mand of the Richmond in the James River Squadron. In the same reposi¬ 
 tory is a long letter by Lt. John Grimball, Dec. 23, 1864, concerning the 
 cruise of the Shenandoah . The morning order book of William C. Whittle, 
 Jr., executive officer of the Shenandoah , is in the Norfolk Museum of Arts 
 and Sciences. 
 
372 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Some paymaster's vouchers pertaining to the C.S.S. Sumter , May 
 10-Sept. 14, 1861 (15 items), are in the Library of Congress. A pay, re¬ 
 ceipt, and muster roll of the Sumter, Apr. 1-Sept. 30, 1861, is in the 
 Georgia Historical Society collections. 
 
 Correspondence between Com¬ 
 mander Maffitt and Secretary Mal¬ 
 lory, extracts from his journal, and 
 letters to his family are in Emma 
 M. Maffitt, The Life and Services 
 of John Newland Maffitt (New York 
 and Washington, 1906). See also 
 Arthur Sinclair, Two Years on the 
 Alabama (Boston and London, 1896); 
 
 John McIntosh Kell, Recollections 
 of a Naval Life, Including the 
 Cruises of the Confederate States 
 Steamers "Sumter" and "Alabama " 
 
 (Washington, 1900); James I. Wad- 
 dell, Shenandoah; the Memoirs of 
 Lieutenant James I. Waddell, ed. 
 by James D. Horan (New York, 1960). 
 
 The contract made in 1861 by 
 
 BLOCKADE-RUNNERS 
 
 Naval officers commanded blockade-runners that were acquired by 
 the Confederate Government to transport arms, ammunition, and other sup¬ 
 plies needed by the Confederacy. In the summer of 1861 Comdr. James D. 
 Bulloch purchased the Bermuda in Liverpool and sent it to Savannah with a 
 cargo of war supplies. In the fall of that year he bought the Fingal for the 
 Navy and War Departments, loaded it with a valuable cargo of war supplies, 
 and took it into Savannah. During 1862-63, Lt. John Wilkinson took the 
 R. E. Lee through the blockade into Wilmington, and in 1864 he commanded 
 the Chameleon on a voyage from that port to Bermuda. Comdr. John N. 
 Maffitt ran the Gordon into the same port in 1862, and later commanded the 
 Lilian and the Florrie . Unable to make port at either Wilmington or 
 Charleston early in 1865, he took the Owl to Galveston, and then on the or¬ 
 ders of the Secretary of the Navy delivered it to Fraser, Trenholm & Co. 
 in Liverpool. On being appointed a lieutenant in 1863, Richard H. Gayle 
 was assigned to the command of the Cornubia at Bermuda. Lt. Joseph Fry 
 commanded the Eugenie and later the Agnes E. Fry on runs between Ber¬ 
 muda and Wilmington. The blockade-runners transported cotton from Wil¬ 
 mington to the sea islands and brought back war supplies. The Coquette 
 purchased by Bulloch and commanded by Lt. Robert R. Carter took a load 
 of engines and hardware from Liverpool to Bermuda and after taking on 
 additional cargo went into Wilmington. Bulloch also bought by 1864 four 
 steamers constructed for blockade-running: the Owl , the Bat , the Stag , and 
 the Deer . In 1864 Lt. Gayle assumed command of the Stag, which was cap¬ 
 tured in Jan. 1865 when attempting to enter the port of Wilmington. The 
 City of Richmond , a blockade-runner chartered by the Confederacy and 
 commanded by Comdr. Hunter Davidson, carried officers, men, and stores 
 to the Stonewall off Quiberon late in 1864. 
 
 James D. Bulloch with John Laird 
 Sons & Co., Shipbuilders, Birken¬ 
 head, England, for the construction 
 of the Alabama , the specifications 
 and principal dimensions, and a 
 scale model are in the custody of 
 Cammell Laird & Co., Birkenhead, 
 England. Photographic copies of the 
 documents are in the University of 
 Alabama Library and in the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the Univer¬ 
 sity of North Carolina Library. 
 
 Fawcett Preston & Co., Ltd., 
 Wirral, Cheshire, England, has an 
 order (or engine) book containing in¬ 
 formation regarding the engines built 
 for the Florida and the Alexandra. 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 373 
 
 Francis B. C. Bradlee, 
 Blockade Running during the Civil 
 War (Salem, Mass., 1925); Marcus 
 
 W. Price, "Ships That Tested the 
 Blockade of the Carolina Ports, 
 
 1861-65, " American Neptune, 8:196- 
 241 (July 1948); Jeanie M. Walker, 
 Life of Capt. Joseph Fry (Hart- 
 ford, Conn., 1874). 
 
 Record Group 45. - -A journal of the Cornubia, Sept.-Nov. 1863, kept 
 by J. T. Gordon on runs between Wilmington and St. George, Bermuda, is 
 in the Naval Records Collection. Besides shipboard incidents, the journal 
 notes activities at Wilmington, the arrival and departure of vessels from 
 St. George, and the names of passengers. This journal was seized along 
 with the vessel’s papers when the Cornubia was captured by a Union block- 
 ader on Nov. 8, 1863. 
 
 Record Group 56 . - -Among the captured and abandoned property re¬ 
 cords of the U.S. Treasury Department is the logbook of the Coquette , Nov. 
 4, 1863-Aug. 7, 1864 (file no. 6100), covering the voyage from Liverpool to 
 St. George, Bermuda, and several trips between Bermuda and Wilmington. 
 
 Ships ’ papers relating to the 
 blockade-runners Atalanta ( Chame ¬ 
 leon, Olustee ), Atlanta ( Fingal ), 
 City of Richmond , Laurel , and 
 Phantom are with the Foreign Of¬ 
 fice records in the British Public Re¬ 
 cord Office (cited above under the 
 
 section on cruisers). Registry docu¬ 
 ments concerning blockade-runners 
 purchased in Great Britain are in the 
 General Register and Record Office 
 of Shipping and Seamen (Ministry of 
 Transport and Civil Aviation, Car¬ 
 diff, Wales). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --Letters of Lt. R. H. Gayle to Josiah 
 Gorgas and Mrs. Gorgas and others describing his wartime experiences 
 are in the Gorgas papers in the University of Alabama Library. An 1863 
 diary of Lt. William C. Whittle, Jr., relating to blockade-running aboard 
 the Cornubia is in the Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences. 
 
 NAVY YARDS AND NAVAL STATIONS AND WORKS 
 
 A resolution adopted by the Confederate Congress on Mar. 15, 1861 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 94), recommended in part that the States cede 
 the navy yards within their limits to the Confederacy. Accordingly, the 
 navy yards at Norfolk and Pensacola were transferred to the Confederate 
 Navy Department, which established other yards and works at seaports, on 
 rivers, and in the interior to construct and repair vessels and to manufac¬ 
 ture, store, and issue machines, equipment, and stores. 
 
 C.S. Navy Department, Navy 
 Register , 1863, 1864, Regulations 
 for the Navy of the Confederate 
 States (Richmond, 1862); Albert L. 
 
 Kelln, "Confederate Submarines, " 
 Virginia Magazine of History and 
 
 Biography. 61:293-303 (July 1953): 
 
 Fletcher Pratt, "The Rebel Rams, " 
 U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 
 64:1021-1028 (July 1938); William N. 
 Still, Jr., "Facilities for the Con¬ 
 struction of War Vessels in the Con¬ 
 federacy, " Journal of Southern His ¬ 
 tory , 31:285-304 (Aug. 1965). 
 
 Record Group 45 . --In the Naval Records Collection is a file of pay¬ 
 rolls of civilian personnel of naval shore establishments. May 1861-Dec. 
 1864 (2 ft.). The payrolls give the names of employees, occupations, rate 
 
374 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 of pay per day, number of days worked, total pay due, signatures of em¬ 
 ployees and a witness, and approval signatures of foremen and command¬ 
 ants. 
 
 Several subdivisions of the subject file in the Naval Records Collec¬ 
 tion contain materials relating to naval stations and works. File OL (Mo¬ 
 bilization and Demobilization) contains records about the fitting out of ves¬ 
 sels. These records are largely paymasters’vouchers for the procurement 
 of ordnance and ordnance stores, materials, provisions, services, freight, 
 drayage, office rent, and pay of naval personnel. The file also includes 
 statements of receipts and expenditures, telegrams, paymasters’ letters, 
 and instructions of Secretary Mallory. Subject file P (Naval Bases) con¬ 
 tains records on naval stations (4 ft.). File PB (Administration of Stations) 
 contains paymasters’ vouchers for administrative expenses. File PI (In¬ 
 dustrial Activity) contains paymasters’ vouchers, abstracts of disburse¬ 
 ments, accounts, receipts, and correspondence. File PL (Labor and Civil¬ 
 ian Personnel) contains vouchers, payrolls, and receipts. This file also 
 contains some correspondence between Secretary Mallory and paymasters 
 and other correspondence of commandants and flag officers. File PN 
 (Plant) contains vouchers for material, supplies, and services paid for by 
 naval paymasters and instructions of Navy Department offices and station 
 commandants. Subject file XS (Naval Supplies Ashore, 9 in.) contains 
 vouchers, invoices, receipts, statements of disbursements, statements of 
 accounts, and Secretary Mallory’s appointments and instructions relating 
 to the procurement of iron, copper, coal, timber, hemp, and other supplies. 
 
 The files described above and just below contain documents on most 
 and probably all the Confederate naval shore establishments. For most of 
 these there are no other records. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records contains some payrolls for civilian employees of naval shore es¬ 
 tablishments (see under Quartermaster General’s Office in chapter Vn 
 of this Guide ). There is an index to the names of employees on the rolls 
 but no list of stations for which rolls are available. 
 
 Atlanta Naval Ordnance Works 
 
 In the spring of 1862, Lt. David P. McCorkle and Acting Master W. 
 
 A. Robbins moved ordnance and laboratory stores that had been evacuated 
 from New Orleans to Atlanta where new works were erected on leased land. 
 Projectiles, gun carriages, and stores manufactured there were shipped to 
 vessels at Charleston, Savannah, and Mobile. In June 1864 the Atlanta ord¬ 
 nance plant was moved to Augusta, Ga. 
 
 The commandant was Lt. David P. McCorkle. 
 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 
 Augusta Naval Ordnance Works 
 
 Temporary structures were built at Augusta and the manufacture of 
 projectiles, gun carriages, and ordnance equipment continued presumably 
 until the capture of Augusta in the spring of 1865. 
 
 The commandant was Lt. David P. McCorkle. 
 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 375 
 
 Charleston Naval Station 
 
 Late in 1861 Capt. Duncan N. Ingraham was ordered to Charleston, 
 
 S. C., to direct naval activities. He assisted in the preparation and arma¬ 
 ment of batteries and supervised the construction of gunboats by Kirkwood 
 & Knox and J. G. & D. C. March and ironclads by James M. Eason and F. 
 M. Jones. The station thus established served as a base for the squadron 
 made up of these vessels, and for a while Ingraham commanded both the 
 squadron and the station. After Mar. 1863 he commanded only the station. 
 An old wooden vessel, Indian Chief , served as receiving ship. Lt. Nicho¬ 
 las H. Van Zandt supervised the manufacture of gun carriages, projectiles, 
 and ordnance stores at Charleston in 1863. 
 
 The commandant was Capt. Duncan N. Ingraham. 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Charlotte Naval Works 
 
 In May 1862 machines, tools, stores, and workmen were moved from 
 the Norfolk Navy Yard, then in danger of capture, to Charlotte, N.C. 
 
 Shops erected on land purchased by the Navy Department produced gun car¬ 
 riages, wrought-iron rifle bolts and shot, torpedoes, and other ordnance 
 equipment principally for the naval stations at Charleston and Savannah. 
 
 The shops also made heavy forgings, such as propeller shafting, crank 
 shafts and other equipment for gunboats, and crank axles for locomotives. 
 Locomotives and the machinery of neighboring cotton and woolen mills were 
 repaired there. 
 
 Successive commandants of this naval works: 
 
 Comdr. Richard L. Page, 1862. 
 
 Chief Engr. Henry A. Ramsay, 1863. 
 
 Ralph W. Donnelly, ’’The Yard, C. S. N., ” Civil War History , 
 
 Charlotte, North Carolina, Navy 5:72-79 (Mar. 195^11! 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Four payrolls of civilian employees of 
 the Charlotte Naval Station, Jan. -Apr. 1865, are in the North Carolina De¬ 
 partment of Archives and History. 
 
 Columbia Naval Powder Works 
 
 In the summer of 1862 the powder works at Petersburg, Va., were 
 moved to Columbia, S. C., where a new plant was built under the direction 
 of Chief Engr. Thomas A. Jackson. The Columbia mills produced differ¬ 
 ent kinds of powder for the several types of guns used by the Navy. The 
 works were destroyed in Feb. 1865. 
 
 The superintendent was P. B. Garesch^. 
 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 
 Columbus Naval Ironworks 
 
 On Oct. 3, 1861, Secretary Mallory instructed Lt. Augustus McLaugh¬ 
 lin to undertake the construction of an ironclad steamer. McLaughlin located 
 a plant at Columbus, Ga., on the Chattahoochee River and was joined there 
 later by Chief Engr. James H. Warner, who leased the Columbus Ironworks 
 
376 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 in the spring of 1862 and converted it into a naval ironworks. The estab¬ 
 lishment became a foundry, ironworks, and shipyard. The foundry cast 
 brass, bronze, and wrought-iron cannon. The works built engines and 
 boilers for steamers under construction at Wilmington, Charleston, Savan¬ 
 nah, on the Tombigbee River, and at Columbus. During 1862-64 Lieutenant 
 McLaughlin superintended the construction of the ironclad Muscogee . 
 
 During 1863-64 the Wm. Penny & Co. works at Prattville, Ala., were op¬ 
 erated as a branch of the ironworks at Columbus. 
 
 The commandant of this establishment was Lt. Augustus McLaughlin. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Some of the records of James H. Warner 
 are in the Columbus Museum of Arts and Crafts, Inc. Engineering draw¬ 
 ings are available for engines, boilers, and other naval machinery manu¬ 
 factured at the Columbus Naval Ironworks. The employees of the works 
 were organized into three military companies for which there is an 1864 
 roster. Three letters written late in 1861 list materials needed at the works. 
 A press copy book of letters sent of J. H. Warner, 1862-65, is in the Buf¬ 
 falo Historical Society collections. 
 
 Halifax Naval Station 
 
 In an improvised shipyard in a cornfield on the Roanoke River in Hal¬ 
 ifax County, N. C., Gilbert Elliott built the ironclad steamer Albemarle 
 for the Confederate Navy. William A. Graves was assigned to the station 
 as acting naval constructor. The Albemarle was completed in 1864, but the 
 station continued in operation; an unfinished gunboat was seized there on 
 May 12, 1865. 
 
 Successive commandants of this naval station: 
 
 Lt. James L. Johnston, 1863. 
 
 Comdr. James W. Cooke, 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Southern Historical Collection in the 
 University of North Carolina Library contains papers of Peter E. Smith re¬ 
 garding his inventions and patents and his work with Elliott on the Albemarle . 
 The same repository has papers of William F. and James G. Martin that 
 include correspondence between Elliott and Secretary Mallory concerning 
 the construction of naval vessels. 
 
 Jackson Naval Station 
 
 After the fall of New Orleans in 1862, the headquarters for the naval 
 forces on the Mississippi River and its tributaries were located at Jackson, 
 Miss. 
 
 The commandant of this station was Capt. William F. Lynch. 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Kinston Naval Station 
 
 Late in 1862 construction of the ironclad gunboat Neuse began at 
 Whitehall on the Neuse River in North Carolina. The hull was turned over 
 to the Navy in the spring of 1863 and towed to Kinston for completion. After 
 its first voyage down the river during which it grounded on a sandbar, the 
 Neuse returned to Kinston and was scuttled there in Mar. 1865 on the ap¬ 
 proach of U.S. forces. 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 377 
 
 Successive commanders of the station and vessel: 
 
 Lt. William Sharp, 1863? 
 
 Lt. Benjamin P. Loyall, ca. Feb. 1864. 
 
 Comdr. Joseph Price, Aug. 25, 1864. 
 
 Richard S. Grant, ’’Captain 44-54 (Jan. 1949); William M. Still, 
 William Sharp, of Norfolk, Virgin- Jr., ’’The Career of the Confederate 
 ia, U. S. N. -C. S. N., ” Virginia Mag - Ironclad Neuse, ” North Carolina His- 
 azine of History and Biography , 57: torical Review, 43:1-13 (Jan. 1966). 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Little Rock Naval Station 
 
 During 1862-63 repairs were made on the steamer Pontchartrain at 
 this station. This vessel was burned on the White River in Oct. 1863 to 
 prevent its capture. 
 
 The commandant was Lt. John W. Dunnington. 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Mobile Naval Station 
 
 A naval station was established at Mobile, Ala., in 1862 when a squad¬ 
 ron was formed for the defense of the harbor. Under the direction of the 
 flag officers of the Mobile Squadron, the force at the station repaired ves¬ 
 sels and fitted out two ironclad gunboats constructed at Oven Bluff on the 
 Tombigbee River. During 1862-63 the Florida was repaired and equipped 
 at Mobile, and in 1863-64 the ironclad ram Tennessee was completed. The 
 floating batteries Huntsville and Tuscaloosa built at Selma and the ironclad 
 steamer Nashville built at Montgomery were brought to Mobile in 1863 and 
 completed there. Another floating battery, the Phoenix, was built at Mo¬ 
 bile, and the submarine torpedo boat Hunley was built there in 1863. In 
 1864 Henry D. Bassett was attached to the yard as assistant naval construc¬ 
 tor, and at McIntosh Bluff, where ironclad steamers were being built in 
 1864, William M. Hope served as acting constructor. The Navy Department 
 assumed control of the construction of the gunboats at Oven Bluff in 1863 
 and assigned Sidney D. Porter there as naval constructor. 
 
 Record Group 45 . —In 1929 some records of Thomas R. Ware, naval 
 paymaster at Mobile, were presented by his family to the Office of Naval 
 Records and Library. In 1939 other Ware papers in the custody of the Na¬ 
 tional Bank of Fredericksburg were placed in the Fredericksburg and 
 Spotsylvania National Military Park. In 1965 they were transferred to the 
 National Archives. Press copies of letters sent, June 14, 1862-Oct. 29, 
 1864 (2 vols.), contain letters from Ware to Paymaster John de Bree, Sec¬ 
 retary Mallory, Bolling Baker (First Auditor), Paymaster John W. Nixon 
 at Jackson, Miss., Paymaster William W. J. Kelly at Augusta, Depositary 
 T. W. Sanford at Montgomery, Flag Officer Victor M. Randolph at Mobile, 
 Maj. A. S. Taylor, C.S. M. C., the Office of Orders and Detail, William 
 P. Browne, coal contractor at Montevallo, Ala., Army quartermasters, 
 and others. Letters and telegrams received, June 1861-Feb. 1865 (4 in.), 
 are mostly from the same correspondents and also from assistant paymas¬ 
 ters at shore stations and aboard ships, shipbuilders. Navy officers and 
 engineers. Army officers, E. C. Elmore (Treasurer), Comdr. George 
 
378 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Minor regarding saltpeter, and Capt. Ebenezer Farrand at Selma concern¬ 
 ing coal delivered by W. P. Browne. Also in Record Group 45 are vouchers, 
 
 1862- 65 (8 in.), and a record of expenditures, July 1862-Feb. 1865 (1 vol.), 
 with abstracts. Small quantities of other types of records include: some 
 contracts. May 1862-June 1864 (1/4 in.); records relating to the marine de¬ 
 tachment, 1862-64 (1/2 in.), chiefly concerning personnel actions; some 
 cash statements, July 1862-Oct. 1864 (1/4 in.); receipts for payments to 
 officers and employees, 1863-64 (1/2 in.); and miscellaneous records, 1861- 
 65 (3 in.). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Three collections of material relating 
 to the Hunley have been assembled. In 1960 the Southern Historical Collec¬ 
 tion in the University of North Carolina Library bought from Eustace L. 
 Williams of Van Nuys, Calif., copies of documents on the construction and 
 services of that vessel, an engraving of it, and photographs of James R. 
 McClintock, one of its designers, and of Horace L. Hunley, its financial 
 backer. Other sets of the documents collected by Williams are in the 
 Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of History and Technology Library, the 
 University of Texas Library, and the University of Washington Library. 
 Transcripts of letters and other records, photographs of the Hunley , and 
 some material on other torpedo boats collected by Louis J. Genella are in 
 the Tulane University Library. The Department of Archives of Louisiana 
 State University has copies of letters, other documents, and photographs, 
 
 1863- 64 (35 items), relating to the Hunley and a submarine built in New 
 Orleans by Hunley and McClintock. 
 
 In the University of Virginia Library (Lewis W. Minor papers) with 
 the register of naval patients in the Charity Hospital at New Orleans is a 
 list of men discharged from service by the naval hospital at Mobile on the 
 recommendation of medical surveys during Jan. -Nov. 1863. 
 
 The press copy books of letters sent by Colin J. McRae, Sept. 28, 
 1861-Dec. 15, 1862, and Sept. 4-Dec. 18, 1862 (2 vols.), in the Alabama 
 Department of Archives and History contain letters and telegrams to Sec¬ 
 retary Mallory relating to the conversion of the side-wheeler steamers 
 Morgan and Gaines into gunboats for the Confederate Navy. 
 
 An inventory of medicine on board the Baltic prepared by Surg. Willi¬ 
 am F. Carrington, who served on that vessel in 1862-63, is in Duke Univer¬ 
 sity Library. 
 
 Naval Academy (Drewy’s Bluff, Va. ) 
 
 At first midshipmen were trained on naval vessels and at shore bat¬ 
 teries. Considering this unsatisfactory. Secretary Mallory recommended 
 in his report of Feb. 27, 1862, that a school be provided. An act of Apr. 
 
 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 50), authorized the appointment of 20 passed 
 midshipmen and 106 acting midshipmen. The Patrick Henry of the James 
 River Squadron was designated as a schoolship for midshipmen and was 
 remodeled for that purpose. Lt. William H. Parker, who had graduated 
 from and taught at the U. S. Naval Academy, was appointed commandant 
 and under Comdr. John M. Brooke of the Office of Ordnance and Hydro¬ 
 graphy he organized and prepared regulations for the academy. It opened 
 in Oct. 1863 aboard the Patrick Henry off Drewry's Bluff on the James River 
 with an enrollment of about 50 midshipmen. 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 379 
 
 G. Melvin Herndon, ’’The 
 Confederate States Naval Academy, ” 
 Virginia Magazine of History and 
 ^ography , 69:300-323 (July 1961), 
 contains a roster of midshipmen ap¬ 
 pointed to the academy; lists of mid¬ 
 shipmen are also in the Navy Reg¬ 
 ister. See also C.S. Navy Depart¬ 
 
 ment, Regulations for the Confeder¬ 
 ate States School-Ship Patrick Henry 
 [Richmond, 1863J; William H. Parker, 
 
 Recollections of a Naval Officer, 
 
 1841-1865 (New York, 1883). During 
 
 the war Parker published textbooks 
 for the use of the midshipmen. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -In the War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records is a record of the board for examining midshipmen, 1861-62 (ch. 
 Vin, vol. 294). It includes a list of the subjects in which the classes were 
 examined, copies of examinations, the names of examiners and of members 
 of the board, a journal of proceedings of the board, and information as to 
 midshipmen examined. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The Archives Division of the Virginia 
 State Library has a roster of midshipmen enrolled in the Naval Academy, 
 1863, and a photostat copy of an autobiography of Henry St. George T. 
 Brooke, a midshipman who later served in the James River Squadron. 
 
 Some material relating to the Patrick Henry is in the Fredericksburg and 
 Spotsylvania National Military Park collections. Papers of James M. Mor¬ 
 gan, who after earlier naval service became attached to the Patrick Henry 
 as a midshipman in 1864, are in the South Caroliniana Library of the Uni¬ 
 versity of South Carolina. 
 
 New Orleans Naval Station 
 
 Established in the spring of 1861, this station converted steamers 
 purchased in New Orleans into naval vessels; among them were the Sumter , 
 the McRae , and the Florida . The commandant also arranged with private 
 shipyards for the conversion or reconstruction of other vessels into gun¬ 
 boats, requisitioned an ironclad ram that became the Manassas, acquired 
 six stern-wheelers, and made contracts for the ironclad steamers Louisi ¬ 
 ana and Mississippi . The U.S.S. Star of the West , captured at Indianola, 
 Tex., was brought to New Orleans for use as a receiving ship and renamed 
 the St. Philip. The manufacture of ordnance, ordnance stores, and powder 
 was begun. Lt. Beverly Kennon arrived in the summer of 1861 to supervise 
 this work; he was succeeded late in 1861 by Lt. John R. Eggleston. W. A. 
 Robbins was superintendent of the pyrotechnic laboratory. A coal depot at 
 Algiers on the west bank of the Mississippi River was superintended by 
 Henry Willett, and John Roy operated a gun carriage shop in the new cus¬ 
 tomhouse. 
 
 Successive commandants of this station: 
 
 Capt. Lawrence Rousseau, Mar. 1861. 
 
 Capt. George N. Hollins, Aug. 1861. 
 
 Comdr. John K. Mitchell, Jan. 1862. 
 
 Capt. William C. Whittle, Mar. 29, 1862. 
 
 C.S. A. Congress, Report of 
 Evidence Taken before a Joint Spe¬ 
 
 cial Committee of Both Houses of 
 the Confederate Congress To Inves ¬ 
 
 tigate the Affairs of the Navy De¬ 
 
 partment (Richmond, 1863?); Charles 
 L. Dufour, The Night the War Was 
 Lost (New York, I960); James M. 
 Merrill, ’’Confederate Shipbuilding 
 at New Orleans, ” Journal of Southern 
 
380 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 History , 28:87-93 (Feb. 1962). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -A register of patients is among the papers 
 of Surg. Lewis W. Minor in the University of Virginia Library. It contains 
 a list of eight patients from vessels of the Mississippi River Squadron that 
 were cared for in the Charity Hospital in New Orleans in Nov. 1861 (2 p.) 
 and a list of patients on the hospital ship St. Philip, Oct. 1861-Apr. 1862 
 (12 p.). 
 
 A diary of John Roy, Apr. 23, 1861-Sept. 4, 1862 (microfilm), in the 
 Department of Archives of Louisiana State University (also in Tulane Uni¬ 
 versity Library) gives some information about naval ship construction at 
 New Orleans. Instructions of Captain Hollins to Lt. Joseph Fry, Jan. 4, 
 1862, and to Thomas Garrett, Sept. 17, 1861, are in the New York Public 
 Library. An instruction of Lieutenant Fry, commandant pro tempore of the 
 New Orleans Naval Station, to Lt. Francis E. Shepperd, July 30, 1861, 
 ordering him to report to the Florida is in the North Carolina Department 
 of Archives and History. Papers of Lt. Beverly Kennon are in the James 
 W. Eldridge collection in the Henry E. Huntington Library. A diary, Nov. 
 
 6, 1861-Feb. 8, 1862, of Lt. Robert D. Minor, who was ordered to New 
 Orleans for duty as an ordnance officer in Nov. 1861, is in the Virginia His¬ 
 torical Society collections. 
 
 Norfolk Navy Yard 
 
 On the night of Apr. 20, 1861, the U.S. Navy withdrew from this ex¬ 
 tensive navy yard fronting on the Elizabeth River. Vessels then at the yard 
 were scuttled, buildings were set afire, and ordnance and other property 
 were destroyed. Confederate military forces immediately occupied the 
 yard and extinguished the fires. Steps were quickly taken by the Virginia 
 Navy to salvage material and ready the yard for work. About 1,000 guns, 
 shot and shells, and 2,000 barrels of powder that were captured supplied 
 the immediate needs of the Confederacy. The yard and the Virginia Navy 
 officers serving in it were transferred to the Confederate Navy on June 10, 
 1861. A laboratory was organized to manufacture fuses, caps, bullets, 
 shot, shells, and shrapnel. The sunken Union vessels, Merrimack , Ply¬ 
 mouth, and Germantown were raised and the conversion of the Merrimack 
 into the ironclad Virginia was undertaken. The Germantown was fitted out 
 as a floating battery and the United States was pumped out and used as a 
 receiving ship at the yard. The yard repaired vessels attached to the naval 
 defenses of Virginia and North Carolina. Construction of the ironclad gun¬ 
 boat Richmond began. The acquisition of a steam hammer from the Trede¬ 
 gar Iron Works made it possible to manufacture steam engines. But early 
 in May 1862 after Union forces had landed north of Norfolk, machines and 
 ordnance stores were removed from the yard, the Richmond was towed to 
 the James River, and on the night of May 9 the Confederate Navy set fire 
 to and evacuated the Norfolk Navy Yard. 
 
 Successive commandants of this navy yard: 
 
 Capt. French Forrest, Apr. 22, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Sidney S. Lee, Mar. 27, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 59 . - -Among the general records of the Department of 
 State for the Civil War period are some records of John Johnson, paymas¬ 
 ter at the Norfolk Navy Yard. Summary statements of receipts and expend¬ 
 itures, July-Dee. 1861, show expenditures for various purposes, including 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 381 
 
 the conversion of the Merrimack and work on gunboats. A number of pay¬ 
 rolls of civilian employees of various departments of the yard are dated 
 May 1862. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A press copy book of letters sent by Capt. 
 French Forrest, Oct. 9, 1861-Mar. 27, 1862, in the Archives Division of 
 the Virginia State Library includes letters to officers attached to the yard. 
 Flag Officer W. F. Lynch, and Gen. Benjamin Huger and other Army offi¬ 
 cers in the area. The volume contains an alphabetical index. An order 
 book, Apr. 22-Oct. 15, 1861, also indexed, contains orders relating to the 
 appointment of men to posts in the yard, the employment of men, the pro¬ 
 curement of tools, the mounting of guns, assignments to duty, the opening 
 of a recruiting rendezvous, the detail of workmen for guncrews, and the 
 delivery of guns. 
 
 Besides microfilms of the two volumes described above, the Southern 
 Historical Collection in the University of North Carolina Library has 
 microfilms of an order book, Dec. 1, 1861-Jan. 31, 1864, and of a few other 
 documents, including Forrest's commissions. 
 
 An autobiography of Henry St. George T. Brooke, who served as an 
 acting midshipman on the receiving ship United States at Norfolk, 1861-62, 
 and on the Nansemond, James River Squadron, 1862-63, is in the Virginia 
 Historical Society collections. 
 
 Records relating to the Nor- Official Records . . . Navies , ser. 1, 
 folk Navy Yard are published in vols. 4-7. 
 
 Pee Dee (Mars Bluff) Navy Yard 
 
 This navy yard was established late in 1862 at Mars Bluff on the Mar¬ 
 ion County (S. C.) side of the Pee Dee River. The wooden steamer Peedee 
 was completed there in 1864 and a steamer and a torpedo boat were under 
 construction in 1864-65. In Mar. 1865, after the fall of Charleston and 
 Wilmington, both the yard and the Peedee were destroyed. 
 
 Successive commandants of this navy yard: 
 
 Lt. Van Renssalaer Morgan, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Edward J. Means, 1864. 
 
 Maxwell C. Orvin, In South Confederate Gunboat 'Pedee', ” 
 Carolina Waters, 1861-1865 [Charles- South Carolina Historical Magazine, 
 ton?, 1961J; Leah Townsend, 'The 60:66-73 (Apr. 1959). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The letters-sent press copy book of Lt. 
 Edward J. Means, Sept. 17, 1864-Mar. 1, 1865 (1 vol.), is in the Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives of Louisiana State University. Letters to Secretary Mal¬ 
 lory, E. C. Murray, John L. Porter, the Office of Orders and Detail, and 
 Maj. C. D. Melton, commandant of conscripts at Columbia, S.C., concern 
 work on vessels, the recapture of Federal prisoners who had escaped from 
 a nearby prison, naval personnel for the yard, and the assignment of con¬ 
 scripts to work there. Other documents include requisitions for men, food, 
 clothing, and medical supplies; discharges and transfers of men; and a list 
 of men employed at the yard. 
 
382 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Pensacola Navy Yard 
 
 On Jan. 12, 1861, the commissioners of the State of Florida, backed 
 by a strong military force, demanded and received the surrender of this 
 yard. The labor force was retained and repair work was done on vessels. 
 The yard was of limited use to the Confederates because it was within can¬ 
 non range of Union-held Fort Pickens across the bay on Santa Rosa Island. 
 Naval officers removed the drydock, sank it in the channel as an obstruc¬ 
 tion, and assisted in the construction of batteries for the defense of the 
 port. Before the yard was evacuated on May 10, 1862, the Confederates 
 removed guns, munitions, machines, commissary stores, and other pro¬ 
 perty, and then set fire to the yard, forts, and public buildings in the town. 
 Union forces immediately occupied the yard and continued in control there¬ 
 after. 
 
 Successive commandants of this navy yard: 
 
 Capt. Victor M. Randolph, Jan. 12, 1861. 
 
 Capt. Duncan N. Ingraham, 1861. 
 
 Comdr. Thomas W. Brent, 1861. 
 
 Record Group 45 . --Original records of Captain Randolph, Jan. 12- 
 Nov. 5, 1861, are in the Naval Records Collection, subject file PB (1/2 in.). 
 They include correspondence with officers attached to the yard and with 
 Army officers in the area, a few letters addressed to Captain Brent, Ran¬ 
 dolph’s general and special orders regarding activities at the yard, his 
 appointments in the Confederate Navy, vouchers for the cost of lighting the 
 yard, the terms of the surrender of the yard (Jan. 12, 1861), an estimate 
 for wharf repair, a hospital sicklist, and orders of the Pensacola Military 
 District. 
 
 Original letters and other records of Captain Brent, Mar. 28, 1861- 
 Feb. 13, 1862, in subject file PB (1 1/2 in.), include letters from officers 
 and employees attached to the yard, from the commandant of the New Or¬ 
 leans Naval Station, from Army officers in the area, and from others re¬ 
 lating to materials for and work on the Fulton at the yard. Other documents 
 include requisitions for funds, vouchers, contracts, and specifications for 
 buildings to be constructed in Pensacola, returns of labor, returns of naval 
 stores, reports of boards of survey on provisions, and orders of the Pensa¬ 
 cola Military District. 
 
 Petersburg Naval Powder Works 
 
 This works operated during 1861-62 at Petersburg, Va., but in 1862 
 it was moved to Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Successive superintendents were Chief Engrs. Thomas A. Jackson 
 and P. B. Gareschd. 
 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 
 Petersburg Naval Ropewalk 
 
 This plant opened in Jan. 1863 and was still operating in Dec. 1864. 
 
 It supplied cotton cordage to the Navy, Army, coal mines, and railroad 
 and canal companies. A cotton yarn factory with a separate work force 
 under Foreman William P. Gill was also under the same command. 
 
 Successive superintendents of this ropewalk: 
 
 Chief Engr. Thomas A. Jackson. 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 383 
 
 Lt. S. Wellford Corbin. 
 
 Lt. Maxwell T. Clarke. 
 
 No records of this establishment have been found. 
 Richmond Naval Ordnance Works 
 
 By early fall of 1861 operations had begun at the naval laboratory which 
 with other shops developed into the Richmond Naval Ordnance Works. James D. 
 McCloskey supervised the work at the laboratory, first as acting gunner 
 and then as superintendent from the end of 1862 until 1865. Operations ap¬ 
 parently began about June 1862 at the gun-carriage shop under George T. 
 Guy. In Sept. 1862 John B. Rooke was foreman of the finishing shop, and 
 Charles Sneed was foreman of the blacksmith shop. During 1862-63 James 
 A. Mahone kept an ordnance store at the laboratory. In 1863 a powder 
 magazine, a shell house, a storehouse, and a laboratory were built on a 
 leased site. The Richmond Naval Ordnance Works supplied ordnance and 
 gun carriages to vessels on the James River and at Wilmington and to shore 
 batteries. 
 
 Successive superintendents of this naval ordnance works: 
 
 Lt. Robert D. Minor, 1861. 
 
 Lt. Alexander M. DeBree, 1863. 
 
 Asst. Engr. Richard B. Wright, 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Official papers of Lieutenant Minor in 
 the Virginia Historical Society collections include correspondence with 
 Navy Department officials. A record book of ammunition issued by the na¬ 
 val laboratory of the Richmond Naval Ordnance Works, 1861-65, is in 
 Washington’s Headquarters Museum, Newburgh, N.Y. 
 
 Richmond Navy Yards 
 
 After the Confederate evacuation of Norfolk in 1862, the Navy Depart¬ 
 ment established a navy yard in the lower part of Richmond on the James 
 River. It came to be known as Rocketts Navy Yard after its locality, named 
 for Robert Rockett who in the 18th century had operated a ferry in that part 
 of the river. On the opposite side of the James was another navy yard that 
 was sometimes referred to as Grave’s Navy Yard. The ironclad steamers 
 Richmond, Virginia H , Fredericksburg , and Texas were constructed at 
 Rocketts Navy Yard; all but the Texas were added to the James River Squad¬ 
 ron before the end of the war. Other vessels attached to that squadron were 
 repaired at Richmond. The torpedo launchers Squib , Hornet , Scorpion , and 
 Wasp were also built at Richmond, and two of four wooden gunboats were 
 completed. After 1863 Lt. John H. Parker was in charge of gunboat con¬ 
 struction at Grave’s Navy Yard. 
 
 Successive commandants of the Richmond Navy Yard: 
 
 Comdr. Ebenezer Farrand, 1862. 
 
 Comdr. Robert G. Robb, 1862. 
 
 No records of these yards have been found. 
 
 Saffold Navy Yard 
 
 The Chattahoochee , a wooden gunboat, was built at Saffold, Ga., dur¬ 
 ing 1862-63 by D. S. Johnson. 
 
 The superintendent at this navy yard was Lt. Catesby ap R. Jones. 
 
384 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 Harriet Gift Castlen, Hope 
 Bids Me Onward; Biography of 
 George Gift Arranged by His Daugh ¬ 
 ter from Letters George Gift Wrote 
 to Her Mother before They Married 
 
 (Savannah, 1945). Lt. Gift was at¬ 
 tached to the Chattahoochee during 
 1862-63 and 1864; texts of his letters 
 written from that vessel are in this 
 
 book. 
 
 No records of this yard have been found. 
 St. Marks Naval Station 
 
 This station in Florida served as a base for the Spray . 
 Successive commanders of the station and the vessel: 
 Lt. Charles P. McGary, 1862. 
 
 Lt. Charles W. Hays, 1863. 
 
 Lt. Henry H. Lewis, 1864. 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Savannah Naval Station 
 
 The formation of the Savannah River Squadron in 1861 for the defense 
 of Georgia and South Carolina necessitated a naval station at Savannah. 
 Besides fitting out and supplying the squadron, the station worked with the 
 shipyards of Willink & Miller, and Krenson & Hawkes with whom contracts 
 were made by the Navy Department in 1861 for the construction of ironclad 
 gunboats and with the brothers Asa and Nelson Tift who converted the block¬ 
 ade-runner Fingal into the ironclad Atlanta . On the approach of Sherman’s 
 army in Dec. 1864, the naval station, a large quantity of ship timber, and 
 the incomplete vessels at the shipyards were burned. 
 
 Successive commandants of this station: 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tattnall, 1861. 
 
 Comdr. Thomas W. Brent, 1862. 
 
 Capt. Josiah Tattnall, 1862. 
 
 Record Group 45 . - -A record of payments made by Asst. Paymaster 
 Dewitt C. Seymour, Nov. 1862-June 1863 (1 vol.), is in the Naval Records 
 Collection. The volume includes an alphabetical index. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A few papers of Henry F. Willink, Jr., 
 Nov. 2, 1861-Aug. 11, 1862, are in Emory University Library. Willink was 
 a member of the Savannah shipbuilding firm of Willink & Miller with whom 
 the Navy Department contracted for the construction of two gunboats. His 
 papers include correspondence with Secretary Mallory and Commander 
 Brent, the contract and specifications for the gunboats, and plans for the 
 Milledgeville, an ironclad steamer that Willink was completing when Sa¬ 
 vannah was captured. 
 
 Selma Naval Gun Foundry and Ordnance Works 
 
 In 1863 the Confederate Government bought Colin J. McRae's iron 
 foundry at Selma, Ala. It was operated jointly by the War and Navy De¬ 
 partments until June 1, 1863, when control of the entire works was assumed 
 by the Navy Department. Additional shops were erected and the plant made 
 Brooke and other heavy guns and ammunition that were sent to the naval 
 squadrons at Mobile, Charleston, and Wilmington and to shore defenses 
 there and elsewhere. In 1863 the commandant was assigned the additional 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 385 
 
 responsibility of obtaining and transporting coal for Selma and Montgomery. 
 When Selma was captured by U.S. forces on Apr. 2, 1865, Commander 
 Jones escaped with the foundry records. 
 
 Successive commandants of the foundry and ordnance works: 
 
 Comdr. Archibald B. Fairfax, 1863. 
 
 Comdr. Catesby ap R. Jones, 1863. 
 
 W. S. Mabry, Brief Sketch of 
 the Career of Captain Catesby Ap 
 R. Jones (Selma, Ala., 1912); Wal- 
 ter W. Stephens, ’’The Brooke Guns 
 from Selma, " Alabama Historical 
 
 Quarterly , 20:462-475 (Fall 1958); 
 William N. Still, Jr., ’’Selma and 
 the Confederate States Navy, ” Ala¬ 
 bama Review, 15:19-37 (Jan. 1962). 
 
 Record Group 45 . --Records of the Naval Gun Foundry and Ordnance 
 Works that were in the care of Commander Jones at the end of the war are 
 now in the Naval Records Collection. Press copy books of letters sent. 
 
 May 23, 1863-Mar. 21, 1865 (4 vols.), contain many letters to the Office of 
 Ordnance and Hydrography, Secretary Mallory, Admiral Buchanan, Cap¬ 
 tain Farrand, the Office of Orders and Detail, the commandants of naval 
 stations in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, officers and 
 mechanics employed at the foundry. Army officers, industrial and business 
 firms, and individuals. Part of the first press copy book (p. 1-93) contains 
 letters sent by Colin J. McRae, the original owner of the foundry, during 
 the period Dec. 20, 1862-Feb. 26, 1863, and in another volume are some 
 handwritten copies of letters sent by McRae, June 17-Aug. 8, 1862. The 
 first volume contains letters to Commander Farrand and Joseph Pierce at 
 the Selma Naval Station; and the second, letters to Secretary Mallory, 
 
 July 13 and Aug. 1, 1862, recommending the construction of ironclads at 
 Selma by Otis and Templeton, and to the Office of Ordnance and Hydro¬ 
 graphy. Other letters sent by Commander Jones, Jan. 25-Mar. 31, 1865, 
 are on unbound press copy sheets in subject file PI. 
 
 Original letters received are in several subdivisions of the subject 
 file in the Naval Records Collection. Those in file BA for June 19, 1863- 
 Jan. 19, 1865 (1/4 in.), are chiefly from John M. Brooke and concern the 
 manufacture and distribution of guns and ammunition, experiments with 
 powder, and the submission of monthly returns. Other letters for June 3, 
 1863-Jan. 28, 1865 (1/2 in.), in subject file BG include some from Brooke, 
 the naval ordnance works at Atlanta and Charlotte, and the Army arsenal 
 and laboratory at Macon. Some tracings of gun parts and pattern drawings 
 are included. Letters of May 27, 1863-Apr. 27, 1865 (1 in.), in subject 
 file PI are from Brooke, Secretary Mallory, Lt. Col. George W. Rains of 
 the Augusta Arsenal, the Office of Orders and Detail, and others. Other 
 letters received by Commander Jones are in the area file (area 6). 
 
 Records concerning the guns and ammunition made at Selma are also 
 in the Naval Records Collection. A record of guns manufactured, July 1863- 
 Jan. 1865 (2 vols.), contains individual records on each gun cast (125 in the 
 2 vols.) with data on each step in the process and the name of the Navy or 
 Army officer to whose command the gun was shipped. Available also are 
 records of guns cast, a report of the results of experiments with sabots for 
 rifle projectiles, drawings of guns and gun carriages, calculations and 
 measurements of guns, drawings of foundry structures, reports of extreme 
 proof of a 7-inch gun, and specifications of a welding machine invented by 
 John Blackadder, master machinist at Selma (subject file BG, 1 1/2 in.). 
 
386 
 
 NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 In the book containing McRae’s 1862 letters are other foundry records of 
 all types for July 1863-Dec. 1864 (p. 65-144). 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Other correspondence of Colin J. McRae 
 is in the Alabama Department of Archives and History. Press copy books 
 of letters sent, Sept. 28, 1861-Dec. 15, 1862, and Sept. 4-Dec. 18, 1862 
 (2 vols.), contain letters and telegrams to Secretary Mallory about assist¬ 
 ance rendered Commander Farrand in converting the Morgan and Gaines 
 into gunboats for the Confederate Navy and the defense of Mobile, and let¬ 
 ters to George Minor of the Office of Ordnance and Hydrography concern¬ 
 ing McRae's contract with the War and Navy Departments for the production 
 of guns and ammunition. Among the letters received by McRae are a few 
 from Minor concerning the manufacture of guns and ship plates and from 
 William P. Browne and J. W. Lapsley concerning coal. 
 
 Correspondence of Comdr. Archibald B. Fairfax in the Texas Archives 
 of the University of Texas Library relates to the Navy’s early interest in 
 and acquisition of the Selma foundry. There are letters sent, Oct. 24, 1862- 
 Feb. 25, 1863, and received. Sept. 25, 1862-April 22, 1863. 
 
 Selma Naval Station 
 
 In the spring of 1862, Henry D. Bassett, who had contracted with the 
 Navy Department to build two floating batteries, selected a site for a ship¬ 
 yard above Selma on the Alabama River 200 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. 
 The following September Comdr. Ebenezer Farrand arrived to superintend 
 naval ship construction. Naval constructors assigned to Selma included 
 Joseph Pierce and, later, E. C. Murray. When the Tuscaloosa and the 
 Huntsville were launched by Bassett early in 1863, they were moved down 
 to Mobile to be completed; they later joined the Mobile Squadron. Farrand 
 superintended the building of the ironclad ram Tennessee ; it also was com¬ 
 pleted at Mobile and became Admiral Buchanan’s flagship. Two other con¬ 
 tractors, John T. Shirley and D. D. DeHaven, built an ironclad steamer at 
 Selma during 1863-64, but it was damaged when launched and was sold by 
 the Navy. 
 
 The commandant of this naval station was Comdr. Ebenezer Farrand. 
 
 William N. Still, Jr., "Selma Alabama Review , 15:30-36 (Jan. 
 and the Confederate States Navy, " 1962). 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Shreveport Naval Station 
 
 Preparations began at Shreveport, La., in the fall of 1862 to con¬ 
 struct gunboats to protect the Red River. The gunboat Missouri was launched 
 in Apr. 1863, and the work of fitting it out proceeded. John Roy super¬ 
 vised the making of gun carriages and other ordnance supplies. In 1864 
 mechanics at this station worked on the Missouri , the Webb , and the Cotton 
 of the Red River Squadron. 
 
 The commandant of this naval station was Lt. Jonathan H. Carter. 
 
 Record Group 45 .--Lieutenant Carter’s letters-sent book, Feb. 1, 
 1863-May 5, 1865, was presented to the Office of Naval Records and Library 
 in Mar. 1935. Part of this volume (p. 1-51) contains fair copies of letters 
 he sent as commandant of the Shreveport Naval Station to Secretary Mallory, 
 
YARDS AND STATIONS 
 
 387 
 
 naval officers, and Army officers in the Trans-Mississippi Department 
 concerning the construction, armament, and crew of the Missouri. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --A few vouchers for the Shreveport Naval 
 Station, 1863-64, in Duke University Library are for travel expenses, equip¬ 
 ment and repair of steamers, and supplies. Some papers relating to this 
 station and to the Red River Squadron are in the Scharf collection with the 
 Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 Wilmington Naval Station 
 
 Ships for service in North Carolina waters were built at Wilmington. 
 During 1862 Comdr. William T. Muse superintended gunboat construction 
 at Wilmington. Berry & Bros, built the ironclad steamer North Carolina 
 in 1863, and J. L. Cassidy & Sons built the steam sloop Raleigh in 1863-64. 
 A tender for those vessels was also constructed. Hugh Lindsay was super¬ 
 intendent of gunboat construction in 1863; in the next year the gunboat Yad ¬ 
 kin was completed. All these vessels served in North Carolina waters. 
 
 The flag officers commanding the North Carolina naval defenses had 
 general direction of the shipbuilding for the Confederacy at Wilmington. 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
 Yazoo City Naval Station 
 
 In 1862 the Arkansas was moved from Memphis to the Yazoo River. 
 While still a mere hull it was floated downstream from Greenwood to Yazoo 
 City where a large force of mechanics from the Army armored the vessel 
 with railroad iron and installed engines. After the Arkansas ' brief career 
 on the Mississippi River in 1862, the commander returned to the station at 
 Yazoo City. The Mobile was repaired in the fall of 1862 and by the end of 
 that year gunboats were being constructed there. When an enemy flotilla 
 attacked Yazoo City on July 14, 1863, the heavy battery under Lieutenant 
 Brown's command repulsed them, but when the Confederate infantry re¬ 
 treated he was also obliged to withdraw after destroying the river transports. 
 
 The commandant of this naval station was Lt. Isaac N. Brown. 
 
 Isaac N. Brown, "The Confed- Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 
 erate Gun-Boat 'Arkansas, ' " in R. 3:572-580 (4 vols.; New York, 1887- 
 U. Johnson and C. C. Buel, eds., 88). 
 
 No records of this station have been found. 
 
IX. 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Post Office Department was established by an act of Feb. 21, 1861 
 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 33), providing for a Postmaster General to ad¬ 
 minister post offices and post routes. An act of Mar. 9, 1861 (Prov. Cong. 
 C. S. A. Stat. 57), provided for an organization similar to that of the U. S. 
 Post Office Department, including a Contract Bureau, an Appointment Bur¬ 
 eau, a Finance Bureau, a chief clerk, a draftsman, 20 clerks, and such 
 additional clerks as might be required. 
 
 C. S. A. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment, Report of the Postmaster 
 General (Richmond, 1861-64), is- 
 sued irregularly with the following 
 dates: Apr. 29 and Nov. 27, 1861; 
 Feb. 28 and Sept. 29, 1862; Jan. 12, 
 Feb. 12, and Dec. 7, 1863; May 2 
 and Nov. 7, 1864. Ben H. Procter, 
 Not Without Honor; the Life of John 
 
 H. Reagan (Austin, 1962); John H. 
 Reagan, Memoirs, with Special Ref¬ 
 erence to Secession and Civil War, 
 ed. by Walter F. McCaleb (New York 
 and Washington, 1906); Cedric O. Rey¬ 
 nolds, ’’The Postal System of the 
 Southern Confederacy, " West Virginia 
 History , 12:200-279 (Apr. 1951). 
 
 Soon after the war the U. S. War Department acquired part of the re¬ 
 cords of the Confederate Post Office Department. Some had been shipped 
 to Charlotte, N.C., before the evacuation of Richmond. On Apr. 2, 1865, 
 Henry St. G. Offutt left Richmond with other records which he placed in 
 storage in Chester, S. C.; at the end of May a U. S. Army officer recovered 
 part of them. They were sent to the Archive Office of the War Department 
 in Washington and are described in the report of Francis Lieber, head of 
 the Archive Office, to the Secretary of War, Jan. 18, 1866. 
 
 On Mar. 14, 1866, Postmaster General Dennison wrote to the Secre¬ 
 tary of War requesting all records relating to post offices in the Confeder¬ 
 ate States for use in the examination of claims of Southern postmasters for 
 services before and at the beginning of the war. The Archive Office trans¬ 
 ferred these records to the Post Office Department on Mar. 27, 1866; an 
 inventory of the records is in the Archive Office, Letters Received, file 
 P 8. 
 
 On June 10, 1896, Judson Harmon, the Attorney General, offered to 
 the Secretary of War 51 volumes of Confederate Post Office Department 
 records which according to Harmon the Department of Justice had purchased 
 some years before for use in connection with suits then pending in the Court 
 of Claims. The War Department accessioned these records on June 23, 
 
 1896; an inexact list of the records in a letter from the Attorney General to 
 the Secretary of War of that date indicates that most of these records were 
 part of those that the War Department had transferred to the Post Office 
 
 388 
 
OFFICE OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL 
 
 389 
 
 Department on Mar. 27, 1866. Since the War Department stamped each 
 volume as an accession from the Department of Justice on June 23, 1896, 
 it is possible to identify the volumes received. They are described below 
 under Record Group 109. 
 
 On Nov. 1, 1906, the Librarian of Congress requested the Postmaster 
 General to transfer the letter books of the Postmaster General of the Con¬ 
 federacy to the Library of Congress. This was done and in his letter of 
 acknowledgment of Nov. 27, 1906, the Librarian included a list of the vol¬ 
 umes that had been received. (This letter is reproduced in the Post Office 
 Department’s press copy book of letters sent.) They are the records de¬ 
 scribed below now in the custody of the Library of Congress. 
 
 Some other Confederate Post Office Department records that were 
 bought by the U. S. Government in 1893 were placed in the custody of the 
 Auditor for the Post Office Department. The records have since disappeared, 
 but descriptions of them are available in Official Opinions of the Attor ¬ 
 neys General of the United States, 20:261-269 (Oct. 20, 1891); in a memo- 
 randum from McGrew & Small to Assistant Attorney General John B. Cotton, 
 Sept. 25, 1892 (Department of Justice, Letters Received, file 9454, in Re¬ 
 cord Group 60, General Records of the Department of Justice); and in 
 Claude H. Van Tyne and Waldo G. Leland, Guide to the Archives of the 
 Government of the United States in Washington, p. 94-96 (Washington, 1907). 
 
 OFFICE OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL 
 
 In Mar. 1861 at Montgomery the Postmaster General began to organize 
 the Department in a room in the Exchange Hotel, but he soon moved to a 
 new building on Bibb Street. He sent an agent to Washington with letters to 
 Post Office officials offering them positions in the Confederate Post Office 
 Department. Several accepted, and the Department thus began with some 
 experienced personnel. Washington D. Miller of Texas was appointed chief 
 clerk; and Joseph F. Lewis, disbursing clerk. After its removal to Rich¬ 
 mond the Department was located in Goddin’s Hall at the corner of Bank 
 and 11th Streets. 
 
 An act of May 9, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 105), authorized the 
 Postmaster General to issue a proclamation announcing the date on which 
 he would take control of the postal service of the Confederate States. In 
 his proclamation of May 13 the Postmaster General notified all postmasters, 
 contractors, special agents, and route agents within the limits of the Con¬ 
 federate States that he would assume charge on June 1, directed them to 
 continue in the performance of duties, and requested them to forward their 
 names to the Appointment Bureau at Montgomery in order that they could 
 be issued new commissions. Contractors, mail messengers, and special 
 contractors were authorized to continue their services subject to such 
 changes as might be found necessary and were required to send information 
 regarding their routes to the Contract Bureau. 
 
 John H. Reagan was appointed Postmaster General on Mar. 6, 1861, 
 and served throughout the war. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A small collection of miscellaneous papers, 1861- 
 65 (1 1/3 in.), includes copies of outgoing letters of bureau heads, payrolls 
 of the Post Office Department agency in the Trans-Mississippi West, a list 
 of mail routes in Louisiana, printed circulars, letters received from spe¬ 
 cial agents, and an 1861 bill of the Southwestern Telegraph Co. Proposals 
 for contracts, Mar. -May 1861 (1/3 in.), consist of letters from business 
 
390 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 firms stating the terms on which they would supply postage stamps, stamped 
 envelopes, stationery, and other supplies and equipment. With the pro¬ 
 posals are printed advertisements of the Post Office Department inviting 
 the proposals. Materials appended to the reports of the Postmaster Gener¬ 
 al, 1861-64 (2 in.), consist of tabular statements, statistical reports, esti¬ 
 mates, lists, letters, and a report on the curtailment of mail routes. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —Part of the Confederate records re¬ 
 ceived by the Library of Congress in 1906 originated in the Office of the 
 Postmaster General. The letters-sent book, Mar. 7, 1861-Oct. 12, 1863, 
 contains fair copies of letters and telegrams. Many letters to the President 
 concern the operations of the Department, recommendations for appoint¬ 
 ments as postmasters, and the exemption of Department employees. Com¬ 
 munications to the Secretary of the Treasury concern estimates for appro¬ 
 priations, the conveyance of funds in mail cars by Treasury couriers, and 
 requisitions for funds to be supplied to depositories. Letters to the Secre¬ 
 tary of State inform him of the receipt of postmasters’ bonds and request 
 the issue of their commissions. Letters to postmasters, special and route 
 agents, mail contractors, and railroad presidents concern the operation of 
 the mail service and conscription. Instructions to chiefs and principal 
 clerks of bureaus and acceptances of Department employees’ resignations 
 supply information on the operations of the Department. Other letters are 
 to the Secretary of War, the Attorney General, telegraph operators. Army 
 officers, printers. State Governors, and the First Auditor. Letters to 
 Congressmen concern appointments, postmasters’ claims, postmasters’ 
 and mail contractors’ accounts, the exemption of mail carriers, and legis¬ 
 lation for the Department. Parts of the book are devoted to the Postmaster 
 General’s reports, which are also available in printed form. In the front 
 of the volume is an index. A few incoming communications copied in the 
 book include a statement of the First Auditor of amounts claimed by con¬ 
 tractors and others, several opinions of the Attorney General, a letter 
 from J. O. Stegar, the postmaster at Richmond, and one from the Secre¬ 
 tary of the Treasury. 
 
 A miscellaneous record book of the Postmaster General labeled 
 ’’Record Journal and Orders, ” Mar. 6, 1861-Mar. 26, 1862, in the Library 
 of Congress is concerned with both personnel and postal service matters. 
 
 Small quantities of papers relating to the Post Office Department are 
 in other repositories. Collections of the papers of John H. Reagan in the 
 University of Texas Library and the Texas State Archives contain a few 
 copies of documents but no original wartime manuscripts. BenH. Procter, 
 biographer of Reagan, plans to publish a compilation of his papers. The Texas 
 State Archives has a collection of papers of W. D. Miller for the war period. 
 
 C. S. A. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment, Correspondence between the 
 President of the Virginia Central 
 Railroad Company and the Postmas¬ 
 
 te r General in Relation to Postal 
 Service (Richmond, 1864). Adver- 
 
 tisements inviting proposals for de¬ 
 livering the mail, communications 
 to Congress, and reports are listed 
 in Crandall, Confederate Imprints , 
 1:155-158, and in Harwell, More 
 Confederate Imprints, 1:49-50. 
 
 APPOINTMENT BUREAU 
 
 This Bureau was concerned with the establishment and discontinuance 
 
APPOINTMENT BUREAU 
 
 391 
 
 of post offices, changes of their sites and names, the appointment and 
 removal of postmasters and route and special agents, the procurement 
 and distribution of supplies, and the preparation and distribution of 
 circulars, instructions, blank forms, form letters, appointment books, 
 and the like. 
 
 On Mar. 20, 1861, the Confederate Postmaster General instructed 
 postmasters to retain in their possession for the benefit of the Confederate 
 States all property belonging to the U. S. postal service and to return full 
 inventories to the Chief of the Appointment Bureau. G. A. Schwarzman, 
 the former head of the Dead Letter Office of the U. S. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment, was appointed chief clerk of this Bureau on July 25, 1861. Bartholo¬ 
 mew Fuller of North Carolina succeeded him on Sept. 2, 1861, followed by 
 John Heart on Jan. 12, 1862. 
 
 An act of Mar. 15, 1861 (C.S. A. Stat. 66), authorized the Postmaster 
 General to continue in office the postmasters and other employees then en¬ 
 gaged in postal service until other appointments could be made. When the 
 Confederate Post Office Department assumed control of the postal service 
 in the Southern States on June 1, 1861^ there were 8,411 post offices. By the 
 end of Nov. 1861, 6,261 postmasters had been appointed and 950 had re¬ 
 signed. See the published Journal of the Congress for lists of postmaster 
 appointments. Replacements resulted in the appointment of 7,009 postmas¬ 
 ters by the end of Feb. 1862 and an additional 1,480 by the end of 1863. At 
 that time there were 8,287 post offices. In appointing postmasters and 
 route agents the Department selected persons exempt from military service 
 because of age or disability. Women were appointed to smaller post offices. 
 
 Route and special agents were the traveling representatives of the 
 Department. Route agents accompanied mail cars on railroad lines and 
 mail steamers on water routes to handle the mail. From June to Aug. 1861, 
 seven special agents were appointed, and in 1863 there were ten. Besides 
 observing the operation of the postal system to see that regulations were 
 followed, special agents installed postmasters, established mail service 
 for Confederate armies, examined and revised the ’’mailing books” of news¬ 
 paper offices, investigated mail depredations and losses and delays in mail 
 deliveries, and assisted railroads in scheduling. 
 
 Benjamin N. Clements became Chief of this Bureau on Mar. 22, 1861, 
 and served throughout the war. 
 
 C. S. A. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment, Instructions to Post Masters 
 (Richmond, 1861), Instructions to 
 the Special Agents of the Post Of ¬ 
 fice Department... (Richmond, 1861), 
 and A List of Establishments, Dis¬ 
 continuances, and Changes in Name 
 of the Post Offices in the Confeder- 
 
 ate States, since 1861 [Richmond, 
 
 186? J. Useful tables on the postal 
 service in the Southern States at the 
 time the United States terminated that 
 service on May 31, 1861, are in U. S. 
 Post Office Department, Report of the 
 Postmaster General... 1861, p. 54, 
 
 74, and 75. 
 
 Record Group 109. -- The War Department Collection of Confederate 
 Records contains two books that were evidently kept by the Appointment 
 Bureau. One is simply an undated list of post offices in Kentucky, by coun¬ 
 ties. The other consists of two lists of post offices, for Texas and Arkan¬ 
 sas, with the names of counties and route numbers. 
 
 Records in Other Custody. —In the Manuscript Division of the Library 
 
392 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 of Congress are the Appointment Bureau letters-sent books, Apr. 6, 1861- 
 Jan. 17, 1865 (4 vols.), containing fair copies of outgoing letters. Most of 
 them are to postmasters, assistant postmasters, and acting postmasters 
 concerning appointments, bonds, oaths, the employment of deputies and 
 substitutes, the discontinuance and changes of sites of post offices, com¬ 
 missions paid on money received, and requests for comments or informa¬ 
 tion. Letters to route agents concern appointments and oaths, the appoint¬ 
 ment of associate agents, the employment of substitutes, and instructions 
 on duties. Communications were also sent to special agents, local agents, 
 railroad mail agents, individuals. State Governors, Members of Congress, 
 printers, the Superintendent of Public Printing, applicants for appointments 
 as postmasters, and to petitioners for appointments. A list of post offices 
 in Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Indian Territory, 1861-65 (1 vol.), 
 gives names of postmasters and dates of their appointment and the dates of 
 establishment, discontinuance, suspension, and reestablishment of post 
 offices. A list of postmasters, Apr. 16, 1863-May 8, 1865 (1 vol.), gives 
 appointment dates, names of persons replaced and the reason, names and 
 locations of the post offices, date of bond, date of commission, sureties' 
 names, and occasional remarks concerning new appointments, changes of 
 name, establishment, reestablishment, or discontinuance. 
 
 A list of postmasters in Texas 
 compiled from the record in the Li¬ 
 brary of Congress is in Grover C. 
 Ramsey, Confederate Postmasters 
 in Texas, 1861-1865 (Waco, 1963). 
 
 Upon receiving lists of postmasters 
 confirmed by the Senate, the Depart¬ 
 ment of State issued commissions; see 
 chapter V of this Guide under appoint¬ 
 ment records. 
 
 CONTRACT BUREAU 
 
 The Contract Bureau negotiated mail contracts and made other ar¬ 
 rangements for carrying the mail, prepared contract books and circular 
 letters, and procured stamps and equipment. An act of Mar. 16, 1861 (Prov. 
 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 66), authorized the Postmaster General to renew the 
 contracts under which the mail was then being carried and to enter into new 
 contracts on post routes other than railroads and steamboats. Express and 
 other charter companies were to be allowed to carry mail. An act of May 
 9, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 105), authorized the Postmaster General 
 to annul mail contracts or to discontinue or reduce service. A series of 
 acts of Congress passed during 1861-65 described the post routes to be es¬ 
 tablished and sometimes authorized the Postmaster General to make con¬ 
 tracts without advertising for bids. 
 
 In order to make the postal service self-supporting as required by 
 the Constitution, some post routes taken over from the U. S. were discon¬ 
 tinued and others shortened. On June 1, 1861, there were 2,207 post routes 
 under contract in the Southern States. Contracts were sent in duplicate to 
 postmasters for execution by contractors on 1,372 routes, and by the end of 
 Feb. 1862, 1,306 contracts had been returned and 319 were still outstanding. 
 Eleven steamship routes were stopped in 1861 by the Union blockade of the 
 coast, but steam packets carried mail on the lower Mississippi River until 
 the capture of New Orleans in Apr. 1862. The Federal occupation of Ken¬ 
 tucky and Missouri prevented the establishment of the Confederate postal 
 service in those States, and for the same reason it was not extended to 
 western Virginia. By mid-1862, other areas on the periphery of the 
 
CONTRACT BUREAU 
 
 393 
 
 Confederacy in Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, 
 and eastern North Carolina had been lost to U.S. forces; the number of 
 mail contracts then active in the Confederacy was 1,519. At the end of June 
 1863, there were 1,253 mail contractors in the 11 States in which the postal 
 service operated. 
 
 The bureau also made contracts with railroads for mail transportation. 
 Postmaster General Reagan met with representatives of 35 railroads in 
 Montgomery on Apr. 26, 1861, and arranged for the classification of rail¬ 
 roads according to the quantities of mail they carried and the rates to be 
 paid them in order to lower the cost of the service. The classification and 
 rates agreed upon were embodied in the act of May 9, 1861. Of 109 railroads 
 and branches known to the Department, 55 had made contracts by the end 
 of Feb. 1862, and these included most of the important railroads in the 
 South. At the end of 1863, however, some railroads still refused to make 
 contracts even though they had been offered the maximum rate for first- 
 class railroads. Some were allowed to carry mail although it was against 
 the law to permit them to do so without signing contracts. 
 
 Mail carriers and contractors were exempt from military service. 
 
 An act of Apr. 21, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 51), exempted all mail car¬ 
 riers and ferrymen on post routes. After this act was repealed in Oct. 
 
 1862, the Department experienced difficulty in finding contractors; there¬ 
 fore an act of Apr. 14, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 107), exempted mail 
 contractors and drivers of coaches and hacks carrying mail as long as so 
 employed. But the provisions of the law were not clear, and the Depart¬ 
 ment found it difficult to prevent the conscription of carriers. 
 
 Arrangements for carrying foreign mail were no more than makeshift. 
 On a mission abroad in 1861 T. Butler King failed to negotiate contracts for 
 carrying mail between Europe and the Confederacy. The Union naval block¬ 
 ade discouraged steamship lines from undertaking such service, but block¬ 
 ade-runners carried mail between Confederate ports and Cuba, Bermuda, 
 Nassau, Canada, and Mexico where it was usually transferred to English 
 and French vessels. Diplomatic agents, naval officers, and others consid¬ 
 ered trustworthy carried official mail to Europe or to Nassau or Bermuda 
 whence Confederate agents forwarded it to the Confederate representatives. 
 Even the State Department did not regularly employ couriers. 
 
 Henry St. George Offutt was appointed Chief of the Contract Bureau 
 on Mar. 27, 1861, and served throughout the war. 
 
 August Dietz, The Postal Ser ¬ 
 vice of the Confederate States of 
 America (Richmond, 1929); Van 
 
 Dyk MacBride, Lawrence L. Shen- 
 field, and others, eds., Dietz Con¬ 
 federate States Catalog and Hand¬ 
 book of the Postage Stamps and 
 Envelopes of the Confederate States 
 
 of America (Richmond, 1959); Law¬ 
 rence L. Shenfield, Confederate 
 States of America; the Special Post¬ 
 al Routes (New York, 1961); George 
 H. Shirk, "Confederate Postal Sy¬ 
 stem in the Indian Territory, " 
 Chronicles of O klahoma , 41:160-218 
 (Summer 1963). 
 
 Record Group 109. --Letters-sent books, Apr. 12, 1861-May 26, 1864 
 (ch. XI, vols. 31-34, 9 in.), contain fair copies of letters written by Henry 
 St. G. Offutt to postmasters, mail contractors, special agents and route 
 agents, and to railroad presidents. Congressmen, and the First Auditor. 
 Indexes to names of persons and places are available for vols. 31, 32, and 
 34. 
 
394 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Mail contracts, 1861-64 (ch. XI, vols. 6-9, 12-15, 22, and 23, 3 ft.), 
 are available for Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North 
 Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. They are bound numerically by 
 route numbers for each State. Route books, 1861-65 (ch. XI, vols. 17-19, 
 
 21, 22 1/2, 23 1/2, 24-30, 47, 55, and 56, 2 ft.), are available for all Con¬ 
 federate States except Missouri. Included in these books are descriptions 
 of the routes, the number of trips made each week, identification of the 
 contractor, and orders on changes in service. A record of proposals to 
 carry the mail, 1862-63 (ch. XI, vols. 35-43, 2 ft.), includes printed 
 clippings of advertisements. Given in longhand are names of bidders and 
 their addresses, the amounts of the bids, descriptions of the service pro¬ 
 posed, and notations as to the bid accepted and the date of notification to 
 the bidder. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Records of the Contract Bureau were 
 accessioned by the Library of Congress in 1906. A mail contract book for 
 Mississippi, Nov. 1861-Nov. 1862, is similar in content to the series of 
 contract books in Record Group 109 and is evidently a part of that series. 
 Post route papers, 1861-64 (2 ft.), include miscellaneous materials for 
 Mississippi and Virginia. Letters in this file to the chief of the Contract 
 Bureau and the Postmaster General concern the execution of contracts, the 
 employment of temporary carriers, changes in routes and service, discon¬ 
 tinuation of service, and failures of contractors. Other documents include 
 schedules of mail arrivals and departures, postmasters’ registers of ar¬ 
 rivals and departures, affidavits of mail contractors, petitions to the Post¬ 
 master General on the establishment and changing of mail routes and the 
 appointment of mail carriers, printed instructions of the Inspection Office, 
 and crude, hand-drawn maps of mail routes. 
 
 FINANCE BUREAU 
 
 The Finance Bureau received from postmasters quarterly returns of 
 moneys received, recorded the revenues deposited by them in the Treasury 
 and its branches, and passed on the returns to the Auditor. It distributed 
 postage stamps and stamped envelopes through the mails to postmasters 
 and kept related accounts. It issued warrants and drafts in payment of 
 amounts due to mail contractors and other persons. Undeliverable mail 
 ("dead letters") was disposed of in various ways. Some such letters con¬ 
 taining money were returned to the senders. Letters containing bills of 
 exchange, drafts, and notes belonging to citizens of the United States were 
 delivered to officers of Confederate district courts for disposal under the 
 sequestration act. In 1863 lists were made of dead letters containing money 
 so that returns could be made in the future, and the money was deposited in 
 the Treasury. 
 
 The Department attempted to make the postal service self-sustaining 
 by curtailing services and increasing postage rates. At the same time ap¬ 
 propriations had to be made in 1861-62 to meet deficiencies in the postal 
 revenues. The Postmaster General reported to the President on Sept. 29, 
 1862, that further reductions in expenditures could be made only by depriv¬ 
 ing sections of the country of necessary mail facilities. In the next year, 
 however, revenues increased, and the Department had a surplus. Through¬ 
 out the war the employees of the Department in Richmond were on the civil 
 list; funds for their salaries and other Departmental expenses were included 
 in general appropriation acts. 
 
FINANCE BUREAU 
 
 395 
 
 An act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 199), directedthe 
 Postmaster General to collect from postmasters moneys not turned over 
 when the Confederates States took charge of the postal service on June 1, 
 1861, and to keep the funds in a separate account for the payment of claims 
 for services rendered before that date. A proclamation issued by the Post¬ 
 master General on Sept. 18, 1861, required persons having claims to pre¬ 
 sent them to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office Department on 
 or before Mar. 13, 1862, and instructed postmasters to render accounts on 
 moneys collected on behalf of the United States. Reports submitted by post¬ 
 masters were imperfect and tardy, and the Auditor was unable at the end 
 of Feb. 1862 to inform the Postmaster General of the balances in the hands 
 of postmasters or the amounts due mail contractors. An act of Sept. 27, 
 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 62), authorized the Postmaster General to pay 
 for postal services rendered under contracts or appointments made by the 
 U.S. Government, and an act of Oct. 13, 1862 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 82), 
 appropriated $800,000 for this purpose. 
 
 Successive Chiefs of the Finance Bureau: 
 
 John L. Harrell, Apr. 5, 1861. 
 
 Alexander Dimitry, Oct. 24, 1864. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Accounts of depositaries in Texas, Louisiana, 
 and Arkansas, July 1864-May 1865 (ch. XI, vol. 53), show their names and 
 locations, the names of postmasters or post offices, amounts of deposits 
 and drafts, and dates. An index is in the front of this volume. Some de¬ 
 positaries’ accounts are in two parts: one on account of the Post Office De¬ 
 partment and another on account of the Agent of the Post Office Department 
 for the Trans-Mississippi West. An account of John Dickinson, the princi¬ 
 pal depositary, Trans-Mississippi Department, relating to the mail service 
 and an account of the Confederate Treasurer showing amounts transferred 
 from depositaries’ accounts are also in this volume. A volume of returns 
 of postmasters in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, 1864-65 (ch. XI, vol. 
 54), shows the amounts of monetary returns reported by them in the third 
 and fourth quarters of 1864 and the first quarter of 1865. A dead-letter 
 register, 1864-65 (ch. XI, vol. 52), shows the post office and State to which 
 letters were addressed, the name of persons addressed, name of writer, 
 nature of contents, office sent to, date sent, and remarks. Some state¬ 
 ments of accounts of mail contractors for carrying U.S. mail, 1861-62 
 (1/3 in.), claiming compensation for services rendered during Jan. 1-May 
 31, 1861, show contractors’ names, route numbers, annual rate of compen¬ 
 sation, date of and amount of payment on account, fines and deductions, and 
 the balance due. Eight accounts of William R. Vance, postmaster at Co¬ 
 lumbus, Ky., Sept. -Nov. 1861, show the offices to which letters were sent, 
 the number sent, and money due or received. 
 
 For many years after the 
 Civil War the U.S. Auditor for the 
 Post Office Department and the U.S. 
 Court of Claims were concerned 
 with the settlement of claims of 
 Southern mail contractors for carry¬ 
 ing the mail before May 31, 1861. 
 
 The names of claimants are in state¬ 
 ments published in S. Doc. 92, 57 
 
 Cong., 2 sess.. Serial 4422 (Wash¬ 
 ington, 1903) and H. Rep. 477, 64 
 Cong., 1 sess.. Serial 6908 (Wash¬ 
 ington, 1916). 
 
 Depositaries’ journals of Post 
 Office Department accounts are de¬ 
 scribed in chapter VI of this Guide 
 under records of field offices. 
 
396 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -The Manuscript Division of the Library 
 of Congress has a register of accounts current of post offices in Tennessee, 
 Texas, Arkansas, and Florida, June 1, 1861-Mar. 31, 1862 (1 vol.). A pac¬ 
 ket of quarterly accounts current on Sept. 30, 1864, with J. R. Sneed, de¬ 
 positary at Savannah, Ga., is in the Ryder Collection of Confederate Ar¬ 
 chives in the Tufts College Library. 
 
 INSPECTION OFFICE 
 
 Toward the end of June 1861, Benjamin N. Clements, the Chief of the 
 Appointment Bureau, began acting as the head of the Inspection Office. 
 Bartholomew Fuller conducted the business of the Office after his appoint¬ 
 ment as its principal clerk, which probably occurred in Oct. 1861 since he 
 signed the letters sent from the 18th of that month. Fuller continued in 
 charge of the Office although he was later designated chief clerk of the De¬ 
 partment. 
 
 The Inspection Office had the duty of overseeing the performance of 
 mail contractors and route agents and to some extent that of postmasters. 
 
 It received and examined registers of arrivals and departures of mails, 
 imposed fines on contractors for negligence in fulfilling their contracts, and 
 made deductions in their compensation for failures and irregularities. It 
 also examined certificates of the service of route agents and required from 
 them explanations of irregularities. It supplied blanks for mail registers 
 and reports of mail failures; and mailbags, locks, and keys. It supervised 
 the work of special agents in investigating mail depredations and losses. 
 
 The special agents were required to record in a journal any observations 
 regarding the neglect of duty or violation of regulations by postmasters, 
 mail contractors, and route agents and to forward with their monthly ac¬ 
 counts any part of the journal not included in a report. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -The letters-sent books of the Inspection Office, 
 June 26, 1861-Feb. 3, 1864 (ch. XI, vols. 44-46, 9 in.), contain fair copies 
 of outgoing letters; the record for 1864-65 has presumably been lost. The 
 letters are to postmasters, route agents, and mail contractors concerning 
 mail supplies and service and to special agents regarding investigations of 
 mail depredations and other matters. Other letters are to railroad presi¬ 
 dents, the First Auditor, the Chief of the Contract Bureau, and to Congress¬ 
 men. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -In the Southern Historical Collection in 
 the University of North Carolina Library are the papers of G. G. Lynch, a 
 special postal agent and railroad agent at Weldon, N. C., 1860-65 (109 items). 
 They include letters from the Postmaster General and the chiefs of the 
 bureaus of the Post Office Department. 
 
 OFFICE OF MILITARY TELEGRAPHS 
 
 An act of May 11, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 106), authorized 
 the President to take control of telegraph lines and offices and to employ 
 operators as agents of the Government. He was also authorized to contract 
 for the extension of existing telegraph lines at Government expense. Since 
 telegraph lines were a means of communication, the authority given to the 
 President was vested by him in the Postmaster General, who under an act 
 of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S. A. Stat. 125), was authorized to employ 
 officers of the telegraph companies as agents to perform the services 
 
MILITARY TELEGRAPHS 
 
 397 
 
 specified in the act of May 11. 
 
 The Confederate Government used existing telegraph lines and con¬ 
 structed others. In May 1861 the Southern Telegraph Co. took over that 
 part of the American Telegraph Co. ’s line running from Alexandria, Va., 
 to New Orleans. William S. Morris of Lynchburg, Va., who had been a 
 director of the latter company, and James R. Dowell who had been its gen¬ 
 eral superintendent, became president and general superintendent, respec¬ 
 tively, of the Southern Telegraph Co., incorporated in Virginia with head¬ 
 quarters in Richmond. Farther west the Southwestern Telegraph Co. 
 operated lines southward from Louisville through Kentucky, Tennessee, 
 Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana to New Orleans. The lines of this 
 company in Kentucky and Tennessee were cut by military operations, and 
 the lines farther south came under military control. New telegraph lines 
 constructed in 1861 with Government funds included one from Houston to 
 New Orleans by the Texas Telegraph Co. and one from Little Rock to Fort 
 Smith by the Arkansas State Telegraph Co. Other telegraph lines were 
 constructed and operated by the Army independently. After being designa¬ 
 ted manager of the Office of Military Telegraphs, William S. Morris con¬ 
 tinued to serve as president of the Southern Telegraph Co. J. T. Coldwell 
 became superintendent of the military telegraph lines. In 1862 telegraph 
 operators were exempted from military duty, but so scarce were they that 
 operators who had already enlisted had to be detailed to the Military Tele¬ 
 graphs Office, the Southern Telegraph Co., and the Southwestern Telegraph 
 Co. Richmond, Augusta, Wilmington, Montgomery, Atlanta, and Lynchburg 
 each had facilities to handle the heavy traffic. 
 
 The manager of this Office was William S. Morris. 
 
 J. Cutler Andrews, "The 
 Southern Telegraph Company, 1861- 
 1865; a Chapter in the History of 
 Wartime Communication, " Journal 
 of Southern History, 30:319-344 
 (Aug. 1964); C.S.A. Post Office De¬ 
 partment, Report of the Postmaster 
 
 General in Answer to the Resolution 
 of the House of Representatives of 
 October 13, 1862 (Richmond? 18631; 
 
 Robert L. Thompson, Wiring a Con¬ 
 tinent; the History of the Telegraph 
 Industry in the United States, 1832- 
 1866 (Princeton, 1947). 
 
 Record Group 109. —Some military telegraph accounts, 1863-64 (5 
 in.), supply information about the lines. There are abstracts of accounts 
 and accompanying vouchers of William S. Morris and monthly accounts of 
 telegraph stations. 
 
 The file of Confederate papers 
 relating to citizens or business 
 firms, described in chapter XI of 
 this Guide, contains vouchers, ab¬ 
 stracts of accounts, telegrams, 
 and correspondence under the names 
 of J. T. Coldwell, Charles C. Clute 
 (Texas Telegraph Co.), J. R. Do¬ 
 well, W. S. Morris, telegraph 
 companies, John Van Horne (South¬ 
 western Telegraph Co.), and B. 
 
 Welford Wrenn (Southern Telegraph 
 Co.). The file for telegraph compa¬ 
 nies includes some lengthy documents 
 from the records of Congress. 
 
 The records of the Southern 
 Telegraph Company in the Carnegie 
 Library of Pittsburgh contain reports 
 to stockholders and correspondence 
 between William S. Morris and Post¬ 
 master General Reagan and other 
 Confederate officials. 
 
398 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT AGENT FOR THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST 
 
 The maintenance of mail service in the Trans-Mississippi West de¬ 
 pended upon the ability of the Post Office Department to communicate with 
 that region. During 1862-63 special arrangements were made for the con¬ 
 veyance of mail between the eastern part of the Confederacy and the Trans- 
 Mississippi West, but by the end of 1863 communication had become so 
 uncertain, owing to stronger U.S. control on the Mississippi, that the Post¬ 
 master General recommended the appointment of an officer to administer 
 the postal business in that region. Accordingly, on Feb. 10, 1864 (1 Cong. 
 C.S. A. Stat. 184), the President was authorized to appoint an agent of the 
 Post Office Department to be stationed west of the Mississippi River. On 
 Mar. 12 the Postmaster General informed the newly appointed agent that 
 clerks had been assigned to him from the Department and directed him to 
 employ additional clerical assistance, to draw on the Assistant Treasurer 
 for funds, and to rent an office building in Marshall, Tex. 
 
 James H. Starr was appointed Agent of the Post Office Department 
 for the Trans-Mississippi West on Mar. 12, 1864. 
 
 John N. Cravens, James Har - ate States Trans-Mississippi Express 
 per Starr; Financier of the Republic Mail, American Philatelist, 65:423- 
 of Texas, p. 136-145 (Austin, 1950); 430 (Mar. 1952) 
 
 Lawrence L. Shenfield, ’’Confeder- 
 
 Record Group 109. - -Only a minor part of the records of the agent of 
 the Post Office Department for the Trans-Mississippi West that have sur¬ 
 vived are in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. There 
 is a small letters-received file, June 1864-May 1865 (4 in.). Lettersfrom 
 postmasters concern stamps, funds on hand and deposits of money, reports, 
 dead letters, and accounts. Letters from depositaries at several places 
 enclose reports of deposits by postmasters and statements of funds. Com¬ 
 munications from the Finance Bureau of the Post Office Department relate 
 to stamps, funds, and the disposition of Treasury notes found in dead let¬ 
 ters. Other correspondents were officials of the Treasury Department at 
 Marshall, Tex., the Postmaster General, special agents, and the Army 
 headquarters at Shreveport. The file also includes receipts for dead letters 
 delivered to the Army and monthly registers of mail arrivals and depar¬ 
 tures. Post route papers for Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 1864-65 (8 
 in.), include contracts with mail carriers, invitations for proposals, pro¬ 
 posals setting forth the terms on which bidders would agree to carry the 
 mail, notices of acceptance of bids, and petitions from citizens regarding 
 mail route changes. There are some financial returns of postmasters and 
 related correspondence, 1864-65 (1 1/2 in.). Depositaries’ reports, Jan.- 
 Apr. 1865 (1/2 in.), show deposits by postmasters and the amounts of war¬ 
 rants drawn on the Treasurer of the Confederate States by James H. Starr 
 on account of Post Office funds. A few receipts of Capt. H. P. Pratt for 
 dead letters from the postmaster at Shreveport are dated Dec. 1864. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . --The correspondence of James H. Starr 
 presented to the University of Texas Library in 1932 contains pertinent 
 material. In the letters-sent press copy books, 1864-65, are letters to 
 Postmaster General Reagan, special agents, Gen. E. K. Smith, Gen. H. 
 
 W. Allen, and Congressman Franklin B. Sexton. In Starr’s letters-re- 
 ceived file are letters from Reagan, Sexton, Special Agents Morris R. 
 
POST OFFICES 
 
 399 
 
 Reagan and R. M. Gains, postmasters, and military officers. 
 
 POST OFFICES 
 
 Record Group 75. —Among the records of the Bureau of Indian Af¬ 
 fairs are some records of the post office at Fort Smith, Ark., 1858-62 
 (1 in.), including letters received, copies of letters sent, vouchers, re¬ 
 ceipts, affidavits, statements of accounts current, schedules and registers 
 of arrivals and departures of mail, and other records kept by Abraham G. 
 Mayers, who was first the U.S. and later the Confederate postmaster there. 
 
 Record Group 109. —An account book of the Richmond, Va., post of¬ 
 fice, Jan. 1855-Jan. 1865 (ch. XI, vol. 51, 1861-65, p. 10-18), is in the War 
 Department Collection of Confederate Records. It contains a chronological 
 record of payments to the Confederate Treasurer, the clerk, and other 
 payments for rent, a mail messenger, firewood, and office supplies. It 
 also shows amounts collected from postmasters, amounts due the Post Of¬ 
 fice Department, and amounts received in stamps. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . - -Papers of William D. Coleman, postmas¬ 
 ter at Danville, Va., in the University of Virginia Library contain post 
 office appointments for 1861-65. In the same repository are an account of 
 the mails received at the post office at Peytonsburg, Pittsylvania County, 
 
 Va., Apr. 4, 1851-Mar. 27, 1864, and accounts of the Halifax County, Va., 
 post office. The papers of Erasmus H. Coston in Duke University Library 
 include manuscripts relating to his work as postmaster in Palo Alto, On¬ 
 slow County, N. C. The papers of John L. Riddell, postmaster at New 
 Orleans, are in the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library of Tulane University. 
 
X. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 
 
 An act of Feb. 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 33), establisheda 
 Department of Justice to be headed by an Attorney General. He was em¬ 
 powered to prosecute all suits in the Supreme Court in which the Confeder¬ 
 ate States were concerned, to give his advice and opinions on questions of 
 law when required by the President or when requested by any of the heads 
 of departments, to supervise the accounts of court officials, and to handle 
 all claims against the Confederate States. An act of Mar. 7, 1861 (Prov. 
 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 53), authorized an Assistant Attorney General for the 
 Department, and Wade Keyes of Montgomery, Ala., was so appointed on 
 Mar. 8. Other employees of the Office of the Attorney General included 
 Jules St. Martin, chief clerk, James M. Matthews, law clerk, and Patrick 
 Doran, messenger. 
 
 While interpreting the law became the main duty of the Attorney Gen¬ 
 eral (a Supreme Court was never established), his other duties included 
 supervising district attorneys and suits in district courts and representing 
 the Confederate Government in all cases considered by the Board of Claims 
 Commissioners. Since no Department of the Interior was established the 
 Department of Justice also supervised the Bureau of Public Printing, the 
 Patent Office, and territorial affairs. 
 
 Successive Attorneys General: 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, Feb. 25, 1861. 
 
 Wade Keyes (acting). Sept. 17, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Bragg, Nov. 21, 1861. 
 
 Thomas H. Watts, Apr. 9, 1862. 
 
 Wades Keyes (acting), Oct. 1, 1863. 
 
 George Davis, Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 C.S.A. Department of Justice, 
 Report of the Attorney General, Feb. 
 26, 1862, Jan. 1, 1863, Nov. 18, 
 
 1863, Apr. 25, 1864, Nov. 1, 1864 
 [Richmond, 1862-64]; Rembert W. 
 Patrick, Jefferson Davis and His 
 
 Cabinet (Baton Rouge, 1944); William 
 M. Robinson, Jr., Justice in Grey; 
 a History of the Judicial System of 
 the Confederate States of America, 
 p. 27-38, 510-538 (Cambridge, 
 
 Mass., 1941). 
 
 Records of the Department of Justice were moved south when Rich¬ 
 mond was evacuated on Apr. 2, 1865. Among the materials found soon af¬ 
 ter at Chester, S C., by Felix G. De Fontaine was the opinion book of the 
 Attorney General. Much later, in Nov. 1897, the New York Public Library 
 bought the opinion book, together with a typewritten copy, from W. Hamp¬ 
 ton De Fontaine for $500. 
 
 400 
 
ATTORNEY GENERAL 
 
 401 
 
 OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 
 
 Record Group 109. --Fourteen opinions of the Attorney General now 
 in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records include 11 manu¬ 
 script ones and three printed. All are printed in the compilation edited by 
 Patrick cited below except one of Sept. 17, 1861, by Judah P. Benjamin re¬ 
 lating to the status of prisoners who had been captured by privateers and 
 were being maintained by a deputy marshal of Florida. Other papers in¬ 
 clude: a list dated June 24, 1863, of district judges, attorneys, and commis¬ 
 sioners; an estimate of salaries and other expenses, Dec. 14, 1861; an un¬ 
 dated list of Department employees; and letters to President Davis, Apr. 
 
 29, 1861, regarding appointments during the recess of Congress, and Nov. 
 28, 1864, submitting a list of Department employees. Reports of the Attor¬ 
 ney General are in both manuscript and printed form. There are also man¬ 
 uscript and printed reports of the Commissioner of Patents and the Super¬ 
 intendent of Public Printing. 
 
 The few extant records of the 
 Department of Justice can be con¬ 
 siderably supplemented by letters 
 to and from the Attorney General 
 and his bureau heads in the corre¬ 
 spondence of the other executive de¬ 
 partments, Congress, and the other 
 agencies of the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment. Several communications of 
 the Attorney General are in print 
 (Crandall, Confederate Imprints, 
 
 1:144). Another Communication from 
 the Attorney General.. .March 13, 
 
 1863 I Richmond, 1863 | contains his 
 reports on specific claims for dam¬ 
 ages to land on which Confederate 
 fortifications had been erected, for 
 the loss of slaves who escaped or were 
 killed while working on fortifications, 
 for damage to property by the Confed¬ 
 erate Army, and for land taken for 
 the Richmond defenses. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —The opinion book of the Attorney General, 
 Apr. l7 1861-Mar. 24, 1865 (ivol.), in the New York Public Library contains 
 fair copies of 217 opinions, including some prepared by Asst. Attorney Gen¬ 
 eral Wade Keyes. It is indexed by the names of the officials to whom the 
 opinions were given. A photostat of this book is in the University of Texas 
 Library, and a microfilm copy is in the Southern Historical Collection of 
 the University of North Carolina Library. 
 
 C.S.A. Department of Justice, 
 The Opinions of the Confederate At - 
 
 torneys General, 1861-1865, ed. by 
 Rembert W. Patrick (Buffalo, 1950). 
 Included is the opinion of Apr. 22, 
 1865, given at Charlotte, N.C., on 
 the advisability of the surrender of 
 
 the Confederacy on the basis of the 
 convention of Apr. 18 between Gen¬ 
 erals Johnston and Sherman. The 
 original opinions sent to the Depart¬ 
 ments are in their files with copies 
 of letters requesting opinions. 
 
 The Thomas H. Watts papers, 1818-92, in the Alabama Department of 
 Archives and History include requests from President Davis for opinions, 
 1862-63, Watts' resignation of Sept. 1863 and its acceptance, and a printed 
 circular of the Attorney General, Oct. 22, 1862, on enforcement of the 
 sequestration act. 
 
 The diary of Thomas Bragg, Jan. 1861-Nov. 1862 (1 vol.), in the 
 Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina Library 
 contains references to President Davis, Vice President Stephens, Judah P. 
 
402 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 
 
 Benjamin, Gens. Thomas J. Jackson, Gideon J. Pillow, Leonidas Polk, 
 
 P. G. T. Beauregard, and Richard Gatling; a record of the comments of 
 Davis on public matters; and information on political activities in Richmond 
 and on matters discussed at Cabinet meetings during the period Dec. 6, 
 1861-Apr. 4, 1862. 
 
 University of North Carolina Edition of the Thomas BraggPiary, ed. 
 Library, Guide to the Microfilm by Clyde E. Pitts (Chapel Hill, 1966). 
 
 PATENT OFFICE 
 
 The Patent Office had an informal beginning in a resolution of Mar. 
 
 4, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 93), authorizing persons who wished to 
 procure patents or file caveats for inventions and useful discoveries and 
 improvements to file specifications and descriptive drawings in the office of 
 the Attorney General. An act of May 21, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 136), established the Patent Office under a Commissioner of Patents who 
 was to be appointed by the President and placed under the direction of the 
 Attorney General. Under an act of Aug. 30, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 199), the Commissioner of Patents was authorized to appoint assistant 
 patent examiners as required and a messenger. 
 
 The Commissioner of Patents assembled a staff of examiners and 
 clerks and a technical library for which appropriations of $500 were made 
 by the act of May 21, 1861, and an act of Apr. 16, 1863 (1 Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 
 110). In Feb. 1862 the Patent Office staff included William W. Lester, chief 
 clerk; Americus Featherman and Thomas R. Duval, assistant examiners; 
 Howard H. Young, recording clerk; C. H. Ely, temporary recording clerk; 
 and E. A. Baughman, messenger. 
 
 The Commissioner of Patents was Rufus R. Rhodes, May 22, 1861. 
 
 Robinson, Justice in Grey , p. 
 539-554. C.S.A. Patent Office, 
 Report of the Commissioner of Pat ¬ 
 ents , 1862-65 [Richmond, 1862-651. 
 The reports contain lists of patents 
 by classes, which by 1865 included 
 the following: agriculture, metal¬ 
 lurgy, manufacture of fibrous tis¬ 
 sues, chemicals, steam engines, 
 navigation, mathematical instru¬ 
 ments, civil engineering, land con¬ 
 veyance, hydraulics, lumber, 
 leather, household furniture, fine 
 
 arts, firearms, and surgical instru¬ 
 ments. Other lists give name of 
 patentee, his residence, the number 
 and nature of the invention, and the 
 date of the patent. C.S.A. Patent 
 Office, Rules and Directions for Pro ¬ 
 ceedings in the Confederate States 
 Patent Office (Richmond, 1861), is 
 based on the act of May 21, 1861, and 
 contains samples of applications and 
 other documents for use in applying 
 for patents. 
 
 Record Group 109. --Patent No. 162 for an improved instrument for 
 measuring distances issued to John J. Daly of New Orleans on Apr. 18, 
 
 1863, is in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records. 
 
 Records in Other Custody . —A letters-sent book of the Commissioner 
 of Patents, June 26, 1863-Mar. 21, 1865 (1 vol.), in the Confederate Museum 
 at Richmond contains fair copies of letters mainly to individuals concerning 
 the form in which petitions and specifications were to be submitted, the 
 amendment of specifications, the reexamination of applications, information 
 regarding patents, acknowledgment of fees, explanation of the rejection of 
 
BUREAU OF PUBLIC PRINTING 
 
 403 
 
 applications, and requests for models. A record of assignments, June 26, 
 1861-Feb. 3, 1865 (1 vol.), in the Confederate Museum contains assignments 
 of rights in improvements in inventions for which applications for patents 
 had been made, with the names of parties and signatures of applicants and 
 witnesses. Copies of patents Nos. 267-274 issued during the period Jan. 
 16-Mar. 21, 1865, with specifications are in the same record of assignments. 
 These are additions to the list in the Commissioner’s printed report of Jan. 
 1865. Patent No. 202 issued to Z. McDaniel of Glasgow, Ky., on Sept. 21, 
 1863, for an improvement in torpedoes, with specifications, is also in the 
 Confederate Museum. 
 
 Papers in the University of Virginia Library relating to a projectile 
 for a rifled siege gun invented by John B. Read include drawings, specifi¬ 
 cations, and correspondence. 
 
 Correspondence of the Com¬ 
 missioners of Patents with the heads 
 of other Government departments 
 and bureaus can be found in their 
 records, described in this Guide . 
 Other correspondence of the Patent 
 Office, patents, drawings, and spe¬ 
 cifications are in collections of 
 personal papers. Patent No. 9 is¬ 
 sued to Thomas W. Cofer for a re¬ 
 volver, Aug. 12, 1861, and a draw¬ 
 ing are published in William A. 
 
 Albaugh, m, Hugh Benet, Jr., and 
 Edward N. Simmons, Confederate 
 Handguns: Concerning the Guns, the 
 Men Who Made Them, and the Time 
 of Their Use, p. 141-143 (Philadelphia, 
 1962). Patent No. 100 issued to Lt. 
 John M. Brooke for his design of the 
 ironclad Virginia, with specifications 
 and drawings, is included in his ’’The 
 Virginia, or Merrimac; Her Real 
 Projector, ” Southern Historical So ¬ 
 ciety Papers . 19:27-30 (Jan. 1891). 
 
 BUREAU OF PUBLIC PRINTING 
 
 An act of Feb. 27, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stat. 41), established 
 in the Department of Justice a Bureau of Public Printing under a Superin¬ 
 tendent of Public Printing to be appointed by the President. The duty of the 
 superintendent was to ’’supervise, direct and control all the printing done 
 by order of Congress, or under contract with any executive department, as 
 to the quality of paper to be used, the character of type, the style of binding, 
 and the general execution of the work; and also as to the time and order in 
 which the same shall be completed. ” Legislation enacted May 14, 1861, Aug. 
 5, 1861 (Prov. Cong. C.S.A. Stats. Ill and 172), and June 3, 1864 (2 Cong. 
 C.S.A. Stat. 257), outlined the Superintendent’s duties in more detail. The 
 appropriation acts of 1862 and 1863 provided for a clerk and a messenger, 
 and the act of 1864 for ’’clerks”; Edward G. Dill was the clerk in 1863. 
 
 The appointment of George E. W. Nelson as Superintendent was con¬ 
 firmed on May 6, 1861, and he held the position throughout the war. 
 
 Robinson, Justice in Grey , p. 
 555-564. Reports of the Superin¬ 
 tendent of Public Printing of Jan. 5 
 and Nov. 18, 1863, and Apr. 26 and 
 Oct. 26, 1864, are in The Virginia 
 State Library, Bulletin, 4:47-65 
 
 (Jan. 1911). Letters of the Superin¬ 
 tendent are in the letters-sent books 
 and the letters-received files of other 
 departments and bureaus of the Con¬ 
 federate Government that are de¬ 
 scribed in this Guide. 
 
XI. RECORDS COMPILED BY THE 
 U.S. WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 In the years after the Civil War the Archive Office of the U. S. War 
 Department was frequently called on to furnish information from Confeder¬ 
 ate records to the Southern Claims Commission and the U.S. Court of 
 Claims for use in substantiating the many claims of Southerners for pro¬ 
 perty loss or damage. The Archive Office used these records also to assist 
 the Pension Office in acting on applications from Union veterans who had 
 been in Southern prisons and hospitals. At the same time the War Depart¬ 
 ment received many requests from State officials, historical societies, and 
 patriotic or memorial associations for transcripts of Confederate military 
 records. Obviously there was need to preserve the original records and 
 yet make them available for ready reference. To this end several compi¬ 
 lations of Confederate records were undertaken by the U. S. War Depart¬ 
 ment. 
 
 COMPILED MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS 
 
 In 1902 the Secretary of War recommended to the Senate Committee 
 on Printing the compilation and publication of a roster of officers and men 
 of the Union and Confederate armies as a supplement to the Official Re¬ 
 cords. . . Armies . It was pointed out that such a compilation would relieve 
 Congress from the demands that were made upon it each year for legislation 
 to provide information on the military records of State troops and that it 
 would give public recognition to the enlisted men. Accordingly, an act of 
 Feb. 25, 1903 (32 Stat., pt. 1, 884), authorized the chief of the Record and 
 Pension Office of the U.S. War Department to compile a complete roster of 
 the officers and enlisted men of the Union and Confederate Armies from 
 official records in the possession of the United States and other authentic re¬ 
 cords that might be borrowed from States and other sources. The compi¬ 
 lation was undertaken according to a system that had been inaugurated in 
 1887 by Capt. Fred C. Ainsworth, the head of the Record and Pension Of¬ 
 fice, for the officers and enlisted men of the Union Army. The informa¬ 
 tion regarding individual servicemen in military and medical records was 
 abstracted on cards that were printed for each record series; on them 
 clerks filled in by hand the soldier’s name, rank, and military organization, 
 the volume and page number of the records, and the copyist's name. These 
 index-record cards, as they were named, were supplemented by original 
 one-name documents drawn from the files of the Confederate War Depart¬ 
 ment. The compiled military service records that were thus built up re¬ 
 placed the dilapidated muster rolls and book records and were much easier 
 to use. 
 
 404 
 
MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS 
 
 405 
 
 The preparation of the compiled military service records was a ma¬ 
 jor undertaking that required the services of many clerks over a period of 
 years. The carding was actually started shortly before the passage of the 
 act of Feb. 25, 1903, and for more than 10 years priority was given to the 
 records of men belonging to State organizations. For several years after 
 1908, approximately 700,000 cards were made each year, and ^ter the State 
 organizations were completed in 1914 there were on June 30 of that year 
 7,767,898 military record cards and 113,011 medical records cards. The 
 carding of medical records, the records of Confederate organizations, and 
 of general and staff officers continued until 1917. On June 30 of that year 
 there were 8,518,421 military record cards and 741,009 medical record 
 cards. Resumed in 1920, the carding was completed by the end of the de¬ 
 cade. 
 
 The Confederate War Department records that were used in compi¬ 
 ling the military service records were chiefly those of the Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General’s Office and included muster rolls and payrolls, registers 
 of appointments, rosters, casualty lists, and inspection reports. The 
 medical record cards were compiled ,chiefly from hospital registers and 
 muster rolls. Records of the Second Auditor of the Confederate Treasury 
 Department relating to deceased soldiers were also used. Supplementing 
 the Confederate records that were in some cases incomplete were U.S. 
 
 War Department records relating to Confederate prisoners of war (avail¬ 
 able on microfilm as M 598), hospital registers, and rolls of men paroled 
 during and at the end of the war. Some of the Southern States responded to 
 the Secretary of War’s request of 1903 by furnishing muster rolls and other 
 records for copying, and many individuals in the South also forwarded their 
 official records. 
 
 The index-record cards are preserved in jacket-envelopes. In order 
 to have a more complete record of the service of Confederate military per¬ 
 sonnel, the Adjutant General’s Office collected single-name documents 
 from the files of the various bureaus and offices of the Confederate Govern¬ 
 ment in its custody and filed them with the appropriate index-record cards. 
 Most such original documents are filed chiefly with the service records of 
 officers, and they include requisitions for supplies, pay vouchers, receipts 
 for ordnance and ordnance stores, receipts for commutation of quarters 
 and fuel, paroles and amnesty oaths, abstracts and certifications of ac¬ 
 counts, provost marshal passes, invoices of property transferred, vouchers 
 for and abstracts of disbursements, abstracts of articles received, appli¬ 
 cations and recommendations for appointments, property returns, extracts 
 of special orders. Second Auditor’s accounts, mileage vouchers, and the 
 like. Cross-references to documents in other compiled files are provided. 
 
 Many pieces of correspondence were removed from the letters-re¬ 
 ceived files of the Office of the Secretary of War, the Adjutant and Inspector 
 General’s Office, the Quartermaster General’s Department, the Ordnance 
 Department, the Subsistence Department, and from the records of Congress 
 and the Second Auditor and filed in the jacket-envelopes. The officers’ 
 papers that were received by the War Department after the war were also 
 placed there. The files drawn upon were thus considerably diminished by 
 this operation, which explains their present small volume and the great size 
 of the compiled military service records. 
 
 Record Group 109 . --The compiled military service records are in 
 three parts. Part 1 (parts 2 and 3 are described below) consists of jacket- 
 envelopes for men who served in organizations connected with one of the 
 
406 
 
 COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 Confederate States, 1861-65 (12,443 ft.), arranged alphabetically by State, 
 thereunder by branch of service (cavalry, artillery, and infantry), there¬ 
 under by designation of organization, and thereunder alphabetically by name 
 of person; after the jackets for men in each of the branches are jackets for 
 men in reserve, militia, local defense, conscript, prison guard, instruc¬ 
 tion, and other organizations. A general index to all the compiled military 
 service records is available on cards (1,027 ft.). The cards give the sol¬ 
 dier’s or officer’s name, rank, and organization, and frequently informa¬ 
 tion about the organization’s origin. Indexes for the different States are 
 available as separate microfilm publications. 
 
 The compiled military service records of State regiments and other 
 military organizations are all available on microfilm. Pamphlets describ¬ 
 ing the rolls of microfilm and listing the military organizations included 
 are available on request from the National Archives. The number of the 
 microcopy for the records of each State, the microcopy number of the in¬ 
 dex (M 253 is the consolidated index described below), and repositories 
 where they may be available for use are as follows: 
 
 State 
 
 Microcopy No. 
 
 Alabama 
 
 M 311 (508 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 374 (49 rolls) 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Territory 
 
 M 318 (1 roll) 
 
 Index: M 375 (1 roll) 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 M 317 (256 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 376 (26 rolls) 
 
 Florida 
 
 M 251 (104 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 225 (9 rolls) 
 
 Georgia 
 
 M 266 (607 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 226 (67 rolls) 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 M 319 (136 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 377 (14 rolls) 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 M 320 (414 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 378 (31 rolls) 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 M 269 (427 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 232 (45 rolls) 
 
 Missouri 
 
 M 322 (193 rolls) 
 
 Index: M380 (16 roUs) 
 
 Repositories 
 
 Arizona Historical Foundation 
 Phoenix, Ariz. (lacks M 253) 
 
 Arkansas History Commission 
 Little Rock, Ark. (lacks M 376) 
 
 State Comptroller 
 Tallahassee, Fla. (lacks M 225) 
 
 United Daughters of the Confed¬ 
 eracy, Florida Division (M 225 
 only) 
 
 Georgia Department of Archives 
 and History 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. (lacks M 253) 
 
 Louisiana Department, Louisiana 
 State Library 
 
 Baton Rouge, La. (M 320 only) 
 
 University of Southern Mississippi 
 Hattiesburg, Miss, (lacks M253) 
 
MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS 
 
 407 
 
 North M 270 (580 rolls) 
 
 Carolina Index: M 230 (43 rolls) 
 
 South M 267 (392 rolls) 
 
 Carolina Index: M 381 (35 rolls) 
 
 Tennessee M 268 (359 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 231 (48 rolls) 
 
 Texas M 323 (445 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 227 (41 rolls) 
 
 Virginia M 324 (1,075 rolls) 
 
 Index: M 382 (62 rolls) 
 
 Since some records of the Con¬ 
 federate Army were lost during the 
 war and at its close, the compiled 
 military service records are not 
 complete. Moreover, some sol¬ 
 diers served in State militia units 
 that were not mustered into Confed¬ 
 erate service. Records of military 
 service that have been collected and 
 compiled by most of the Southern 
 States should therefore be consulted. 
 An act of Feb. 16, 1864 (1 Cong. 
 C.S.A. Stat. 190), authorized the 
 Secretary of War to grant passports 
 and transportation to State officers 
 duly commissioned to communicate 
 
 North Carolina Department of 
 Archives and History 
 Raleigh, N. C. (M 230 only) 
 
 South Carolina Archives Dept. 
 Columbia, S. C. (M 267 only) 
 
 Cossitt-Goodwyn Libraries 
 33 S. Front Street 
 Memphis, Tenn. (lacks M 253) 
 
 Tennessee Polytechnic Institute 
 Cookeville, Tenn. (M 231 only) 
 
 Tennessee State Library and 
 Archives 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. (lacks M 253) 
 
 Fort Worth Public Library 
 Fort Worth, Tex. (M 227 only) 
 
 Stephen F. Austin State College 
 Nacogdoches, Tex. (M 227 only) 
 
 Texas State Historical Survey 
 Commission 
 
 Texas Historical Foundation 
 Austin, Tex. (M 227 only) 
 
 West Virginia Department of 
 Archives and History 
 Charleston, W. Va. (M 324 only) 
 
 Virginia State Library, Archives 
 Division 
 
 Richmond, Va. (lacks M 253) 
 
 with and to perfect records of their 
 troops. During 1864-65 some of the 
 Southern States designated recorders 
 or superintendents to collect informa¬ 
 tion regarding their troops, and spe¬ 
 cial orders issued by the Adjutant 
 and Inspector General’s Office direc¬ 
 ted that aid be extended to them in 
 accordance with the act of Feb. 16. 
 After the war the adjutants general 
 or commissioners of military records 
 of the former States of the Confeder¬ 
 acy continued to collect muster rolls, 
 commissions, appointments, orders, 
 and other military records, to pre¬ 
 pare compilations of military service 
 
408 
 
 COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 records, and to index them. The 
 published rosters that are cited be¬ 
 low are not always comprehensive 
 because, except for North Carolina, 
 the compilers did not make adequate 
 use of the compiled military service 
 records in the War Department col¬ 
 lection of Confederate records in 
 the National Archives. Reposito¬ 
 ries of the Confederate military ser¬ 
 vice records, and related biblio¬ 
 graphy, are as follows: 
 
 Alabama . Alabama Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives and History, 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Arkansas . Arkansas History 
 Commission, Little Rock, Ark. 
 Marcus J. Wright, Arkansas in the 
 War, 1861-1865 (Batesville, Ark., 
 
 Florida . Office of the Adju¬ 
 tant General, State Arsenal, St. 
 Augustine, Fla. Florida, Board of 
 State Institutions, Soldiers of Flor ¬ 
 ida in the Seminole, Indian, Civil , 
 and Spanish-American Wars (Live 
 Oak, Fla., 1909?). 
 
 Georgia . Georgia Department 
 of Archives and History, Atlanta, Ga. 
 Georgia, State Division of Confed¬ 
 erate Pensions and Records, Ros ¬ 
 ter of the Confederate Soldiers of 
 Georgia, 1861-1865, comp, by 
 Lillian Henderson (6 vols.; Hape- 
 ville, Ga., 1959-64). Charles E. 
 Jones, Georgia in the War, 1861- 
 1865 (Atlanta, 1909), containing in- 
 formation regarding military orga¬ 
 nizations, officers, and campaigns, 
 and local designations of Georgia 
 troops. 
 
 Kentucky . Kentucky Histori¬ 
 cal Society, Frankfort, Ky. Ken¬ 
 tucky, Adjutant General’s Office, 
 Report... Confederate Kentucky 
 Volunteers, 1861-65, comp, by 
 Abner Harris (2 vols.; Frankfort, 
 1915, 1919). 
 
 Louisiana. Adjutant General’s 
 Office, Jackson Barracks, New Or¬ 
 leans, La. Napier Bartlett, Military 
 Record of Louisiana, Including 
 Biographical and Historical Papers 
 
 Relating to the Military Organizations 
 
 of the State (Baton Rouge, 1964); 
 
 Andrew B. Booth, ’’Louisiana Con¬ 
 federate Military Records, ” Louisi- 
 ^a Historical Quarterly , 4:369-418 
 (July 1921); Louisiana, Adjutant Gen¬ 
 eral, Annual Report, 1891 (New Or¬ 
 leans,~iM2y7~contnning lists of offi¬ 
 cers and military organizations; 
 Louisiana, Commissioner of Military 
 Records, Records of Louisiana Con¬ 
 federate Soldiers and Louisiana Con ¬ 
 federate Commands , comp, by 
 Andrew B. Booth (3 vols.; New Or¬ 
 leans, 1920). 
 
 Maryland . William W. Golds- 
 borough. The Maryland Line in the 
 Confederate Army, 1861-1865 (Balti¬ 
 more, 1900). Maryland, Hall of 
 Records Commission, Index to the 
 Maryland Line in the Confederate 
 Army, 1861-1865, comp, by Mrs. 
 Louise Q. Lewis ([Annapolis, 1944]). 
 
 Mississippi. Mississippi Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives and History, Jack- 
 son, Miss. 
 
 Missouri . U. S. Record and 
 Pension Office, Organization and 
 Status of Missouri Troops, Union 
 and Confederate, in Service during 
 the Civil War (Washington, 1902, 
 
 published also as S. Doc . 412, 57 
 Cong., 1 sess.; Serial 4247). 
 
 North Carolina . North Carolina 
 Department of Archives and History, 
 Raleigh, N. C. North Carolina, 
 Adjutant General’s Office, Roster of 
 North Carolina Troops in the War 
 between the States , comp, by John 
 W. Moore (4 vols.; Raleigh, 1882). 
 
 A card index to this roster is in the 
 North Carolina Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History. North Carolina 
 Confederate Centennial Commission, 
 
 A Guide to Military Organizations 
 and Installations, North Carolina, 
 
 1861-1865 , comp, by Louis H. Mana- 
 rin (Raleigh, 1961); North Carolina 
 Department of Archives and History, 
 Guide to Civil War Records in the 
 North Carolina State Archives (^- 
 
 leigh, 1966), North Carolina Troops , 
 1861-1865; a Roster, Vol. 1. Artillery , 
 
MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS 
 
 409 
 
 comp, by Louis H. Manarin and 
 others (Raleigh, 1966). 
 
 South Carolina . South Caro¬ 
 lina Archives Department, Colum¬ 
 bia, S.C. South Carolina Histori¬ 
 cal Commission, South Carolina 
 Troops in Confederate Service , 
 comp, by Alexander S. Salley (3 
 vols.; Columbia, S.C., 1913, 1914, 
 1930). 
 
 Tennessee. Tennessee State 
 Library and Archives, Nashville, 
 Tenn. Tennessee, Civil War Cen¬ 
 tennial Commission, Tennesseans 
 in the Civil War; a Military History 
 of Confederate and Union Units with 
 Available Rosters of Personnel 
 (Nashville, 1964); Marcus J. Wright, 
 Tennessee in the War, 1861-1865 ; 
 Lists of Military Organizations and 
 Officers from Tennessee in Both 
 the Confederate and Union Armies 
 (Williamsbridge, N. Y., 1908). 
 
 Texas . Texas State Library, 
 Archives Division, Austin, Tex. 
 James M. Day, ’’Sources for Mili¬ 
 tary History in the Texas State Ar¬ 
 
 chives, ” Texas Military History, 
 2:113-125 (May 1962); Lester N. 
 Fitzhugh, Texas Batteries, Battal ¬ 
 ions, Regiments, Commanders and 
 Field Officers, Confederate States 
 
 Army, 1861-1865 (Midlothian, Tex., 
 
 1959); Harry M. Henderson, ’’Regi¬ 
 ments, Battalions and Batteries from 
 Texas in the Confederacy, ” in Texas 
 in the Confederacy , p. 119-149 (San 
 Antonio, 1955). Information concern¬ 
 ing Texas military organizations is 
 in Marcus J. Wright, comp., and 
 Harold B. Simpson, ed., Texas in 
 the War, 1861-1865 (Hillsboro, Tex., 
 19651 : 
 
 Virginia . Virginia State Li¬ 
 brary, Archives Division, Richmond, 
 Va. Meriwether Stuart, ’’The Record 
 of Virginia Forces; a Study in the 
 Compilation of Civil War Records, ” 
 Virginia Magazine of History and 
 Biography, 68:3-57 (Jan. 1960); 
 
 Lee A. Wallace, Jr., A Guide to 
 Virginia Military Organizations, 
 1861-1865 (Richmond, 1964). 
 
 Part 2 of the compiled military service records consists of jacket- 
 envelopes (290 ft.; available on microfilm as M 258) for men who served in 
 organizations raised directly by the Confederate Government and not iden¬ 
 tified with any one State (Confederate and Indian organizations designated 
 by name, such as Morgan's Cavalry, Cherokee Mounted Rifles, Signal 
 Corps, Engineers, Sappers and Miners, Invalid Corps, Brush Battalion, 
 Exchanged Battalion, and President's Guard). 
 
 Part 3 consists of a group of jackets (272 ft.; available on microfilm 
 as M 331) known as the General and Staff Officers' Papers, containing the 
 carded records of general officers, officers and enlisted men of the staff 
 departments (Adjutant and Inspector General's Department, Quartermaster 
 General's Department, Commissary General's Department, Medical De¬ 
 partment, and Ordnance Department), officers attached to army corps, di¬ 
 vision, and brigade staffs, chiefs of military courts, regimental officers 
 of State units, aides-de-camp, agents, chaplains, couriers, drillmasters, 
 enrolling officers, hospital stewards, surgeons, provost marshals, and 
 civilian employees of the War Department. Files for Navy officers who 
 were assigned to the Army are also in these records. 
 
 The three sections of compiled military service records described 
 above are all indexed in the consolidated card index to compiled military 
 service records of Confederate soldiers (999 ft.; available on microfilm as 
 M 253). This master card index contains the names of all military person¬ 
 nel (soldiers, noncommissioned officers, and officers) in the compiled 
 military service records. The cards give the name of the soldier, his 
 rating or rank, the designation of the unit with which he served, and often 
 
410 
 
 COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 information concerning the origin of the unit. 
 
 Other compiled aids to research are available. An alphabetical name 
 index to Confederate and staff compiled military service records (43 ft.), 
 relates to parts 2 and 3 of the compiled service records. Also in Record 
 Group 109 are two other small files of compiled military service records. 
 One concerns officers and noncommissioned officers attached to corps, di¬ 
 vision, and brigade staffs and bands. The other concerns miscellaneous 
 assignments. 
 
 OTHER COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 A file compiled by the U.S. War Department on individual Confeder¬ 
 ate citizens or business firms, 1861-65 (1,240 ft.; available on microfilm 
 as M 346), contains original documents, with cross-references to other 
 compiled files and to book records. Vouchers, receipts, affidavits, and 
 correspondence relate to payments for materials purchased by or services 
 performed for the Army, with some for the Navy. Other documents in¬ 
 clude abstracts of expenditures, contracts for armament, contractors' 
 bonds, certificates of deposit, passes, powers of attorney, lists of prepay¬ 
 ment certificates received at offices of State commissioners of taxes, re¬ 
 quests for warrants. Treasurer's receipts and warrants, reports of the 
 Second Auditor on claims, recommendations for appointments, applications 
 for clerkships in the Treasury Department, and receipts for salary pay¬ 
 ments. These documents concern banks, claims of survivors of deceased 
 military personnel, claims for lost property and Negro slaves, coal and 
 iron mining companies, commissary agents, commissioners to examine 
 political prisoners. Confederate officials. Congressmen, county jails, 
 drydock associations. Government contractors, home guards, hotels, in¬ 
 dustrial plants, insurance companies, ironworks, jailers, leadworks, 
 militiamen, naval personnel, newspapers, niter beds, ordnance agents, 
 penitentiaries, political prisoners, post offices, quartermaster agents, 
 railroads, scientists of the Niter and Mining Bureau, stagelines, steam¬ 
 ship companies, tanneries, telegraph companies and operators, utility 
 companies, and widows of servicemen. The quantity of material is some¬ 
 times significant, as in the case of a number of the railroads, the Tredegar 
 Iron Works, and Christopher G. Memminger, Secretary of the Treasury. 
 Many Government activities are documented in these records, but to find 
 the pertinent records the names of individuals connected with them will be 
 needed, for there is no subject or place-name index. 
 
 During the 1880's the War Department compiled from Confederate 
 records a file of vessel papers (23 ft.), containing materials relating to 
 Government and non-Government vessels, British naval vessels. State 
 vessels, and U.S. vessels. This file covers Confederate naval vessels, 
 steamers, sailing vessels, flatboats, canalboats, blockade-runners, rev¬ 
 enue cutters, privately owned vessels chartered by the Army or the Navy 
 to carry freight or personnel, and vessels sunk to obstruct the passage of 
 rivers and harbors. It contains correspondence, charters, bills, vouchers, 
 payrolls, shipping articles, lists of officers and crews, soldiers' trans¬ 
 portation tickets, quartermasters' transportation orders, insurance poli¬ 
 cies, provision returns, polls of soldiers' votes, ships' documents, requi¬ 
 sitions, statements regarding the destruction of vessels, reports of the 
 war claims commission, reports of boards of survey, bills for the relief 
 of shipowners, cargo manifests, pictures, and cross-references to other 
 
COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 411 
 
 records. An alphabetical index to ships’ names gives the types of vessels 
 and file numbers. 
 
 The Union provost marshals' file of one-name papers relating to civi¬ 
 lians, 1861-67 (410 ft.; available on microfilm as M 345), consists chiefly 
 of records of provost marshals who served in occupied areas of the South, 
 the border States, Washington, D.C., and the Territory of New Mexico. 
 
 The correspondence and other papers relate to the arrest and trial of per¬ 
 sons suspected of aiding or spying for the enemy, using disloyal language, 
 violating military orders, fighting as bushwhackers, claiming compensa¬ 
 tion for property used or seized by Union military authorities or for sup¬ 
 plies or services furnished to the Army, to civilian and military prisoners, 
 to persons charged with criminal offenses, and to persons requesting 
 passes to cross the lines into the Confederacy or permits to visit persons 
 in prisons. The correspondence also includes offers to testify against men 
 charged with disloyalty, requests for permission to bear arms and for com¬ 
 missions as detectives, and statements regarding persons arrested. Other 
 documents include affidavits, protests of persons arrested, orders for the 
 confinement or release of prisoners, reports of military commissions, 
 travel passes, loyalty and amnesty oaths, bonds and paroles of prisoners, 
 bonds to keep the peace, and telegrams regarding the administration of 
 telegraphers' oaths. 
 
 The Union provost marshals' file of two-or-more-name papers, 1861- 
 67 (74 ft.; available on microfilm as M 416), contains records of provost 
 marshals in the same areas relating to two or more persons. Correspond¬ 
 ence in this file concerns the arrest of persons suspected of disloyalty, the 
 transmittal of oaths of allegiance, the capture of contraband of war and 
 slaves, the disposition of slaves, introductions and recommendations of 
 persons, complaints against arbitrary arrests, the departure of men to join 
 the Confederacy, requests to be placed on parole, applications for passes 
 and the release of prisoners, contracts, and information against disloyal 
 persons and spies. Lists and rolls of names cover bonded persons, com¬ 
 mittees of public safety. Confederate deserters. Confederate sympathizers, 
 contrabands, detectives, employees at Government installations, guerril¬ 
 las, hostages, Negro laborers, oaths and bonds, paroled prisoners, passes 
 issued, patrol duty, planters, political prisoners, police, civilian prisoners, 
 railroad employees, refugees, registered enemies, secessionists, slave¬ 
 owners, stockholders in utility companies, and teamsters. The names of 
 persons appearing on these lists and rolls are indexed alphabetically in the 
 Union provost marshals' file of one-name papers relating to civilians, de¬ 
 scribed above. 
 
 A file relating to military and civilian personnel, 1861-65 (480 ft.; 
 available on microfilm as M 347), contains correspondence, other docu¬ 
 ments, card abstracts, and cross-reference slips relating to officers, 
 soldiers, civilian employees, citizens. Confederates in Union prisons, and 
 Federals in Confederate prisons, and British subjects in Confederate ser¬ 
 vice, arranged alphabetically by surnames. The materials are similar to 
 those in the compiled military service records, the citizens' file, and the 
 Union provost marshals' files. The papers were placed in this file because 
 they could not be identified positively for filing with the military service 
 records, because no military service records had been established, and 
 because they could not be correctly placed in any other file. The card 
 abstracts were from the same sources that were used for the compiled 
 military service records. The cross-references are to many different 
 
412 
 
 COMPILED RECORDS 
 
 types of documents including receipt rolls for clothing and pay, detail ana 
 extra-duty rolls, registers and rolls of prisoners and deserters, hospital 
 prescription books, oaths of allegiance, reports of operations and casual¬ 
 ties, reports of prison guards, post returns, reports of sick and wounded, 
 hospital returns, inspection reports, and muster rolls. The original docu¬ 
 ments include certificates for undertakers, certificates of discharge, cer¬ 
 tificates of enlistment and examination, correspondence, final statement 
 regarding deceased soldiers for the Second Auditor, oaths and paroles of 
 prisoners of war, pay vouchers, requisitions for forage, requisitions for 
 stationery, and statements of prisoners. This filrelates to the following 
 civilian employees and citizens: blacksmiths, boatmen, carpenters and 
 wheelwrights, clerks. Confederate sympathizers, conscripts, deserters, 
 engineers, gunsmiths, harnessmakers, herdsmen. Invalid Corpsmen, 
 laborers, laundresses, masons, mechanics, patternmakers, seamstresses, 
 slaves, spies, tailoresses, tanners, teamsters, trimmers, and turners. 
 
 A miscellaneous collection of manuscripts, 1861-65 (28 ft.), consists 
 of Confederate and some Union materials including correspondence concern¬ 
 ing prisoners, deserters, and bushwhackers; lists and rolls of prisoners, 
 deserters, burials, promotions, recruits, extra-duty men, and casualties; 
 election returns of Confederate organizations, lists of employees in Con¬ 
 federate Government departments and installations; payrolls; vouchers; 
 orders; quarterly reports of expenditures, receipts, prisoners’ paroles, 
 and reports on employees and extra-duty men in the niter and mining ser¬ 
 vice and at ironworks and arsenals; and records of boards of inquiry, 
 boards of survey, and courts-martial. 
 
 Record Group 109. - -A file of carded naval service records, 1861-65 
 (6 1/2 ft.; available on microfilm as M 260), is in the War Department Col¬ 
 lection of Confederate Records. Compiled by the Adjutant General’s Office 
 of the U.S. War Department from the Confederate records in its posses¬ 
 sion and other sources, the file consists mainly of cards giving the name 
 and rank of naval personnel and references to a compiled file of vessel pa¬ 
 pers, payrolls, muster rolls, and volumes in which information relating 
 to them can be found. The file covers officers and privateersmen as well 
 as enlisted personnel. Original papers, including correspondence and pay¬ 
 masters’ requisitions, are sometimes filed with the cards. 
 
 A file of carded hospital and prison records of naval and marine per¬ 
 sonnel, 1862-65 (7 ft.; available on microfilm as M 260), consists of 
 printed cards showing the name of the person, his ship or station, the date 
 and place of capture, release, or parole, place of confinement, and hospi¬ 
 tal treatment and discharge. This file also contains cards for personnel 
 of privateers and other ships, and it sometimes gives information as to 
 place of residence, age, and physical description. The cards were com¬ 
 piled from Union and Confederate hospital registers and prescription books; 
 Union registers, rolls, and lists of prisoners; registers of oaths of alle¬ 
 giance; receipt rolls for clothing; rolls of rebel deserters and refugees; 
 records of transportation issued; and other records. Cross-references to 
 other compiled files are also in this file. 
 
 A small file of carded Marine Corps service records, 1861-65 (9 in.; 
 available on microfilm as M 260), consists mainly of cards bearing refer¬ 
 ences to other files in this record group, including payrolls, vessel papers, 
 naval service records, and conscript rolls that supply data relating to ma¬ 
 rines. Some of the jackets in this file also contain original records. 
 
APPENDIXES 
 
 I. WAR DEPARTMENT COLLECTION OF CONFEDERATE RECORDS 
 
 Before the Confederate Government evacuated Richmond some of its 
 archives were moved southward. A joint resolution of May 27, 1864 
 (Ramsdell, Laws , p. 172), authorized the President, whenever the public 
 exigencies required, to remove the archives and the executive departments 
 to such places as he might designate. An act of Mar. 14, 1865, made a 
 similar authorization. During 1864 some Government bureaus moved to 
 more southern cities and in Mar. 1865 the Government agencies in Rich¬ 
 mond shipped records from the Capital over the Richmond and Danville 
 Railroad. 
 
 On Apr. 2, 1865, the Union Army penetrated the defenses of Peters¬ 
 burg, forcing a Confederate retreat from the southern approach to Rich¬ 
 mond. On that day President Davis directed all department heads to com¬ 
 plete arrangements for leaving the Capital. Some records were then boxed 
 for rail transportation; clerks piled up other records in the streets and set 
 them afire and other records were simply abandoned in the Government 
 offices. Some records were saved by Union Army officers who entered the 
 city and some were carried off by soldiers and individuals. Government 
 offices were set aflame and most of the buildings that had been occupied by 
 Confederate Government departments and agencies were destroyed along 
 with quantities of records. 
 
 On occupying Richmond and other points in the South, the U.S. Army 
 seized considerable quantities of Confederate records and sent them to the 
 War Department at Washington. When Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck as¬ 
 sumed command at Richmond on Apr. 22, 1865, he found that his prede¬ 
 cessors there, Maj. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel and Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. 
 Ord, had not taken adequate steps to preserve the official and private papers 
 of Confederate leaders. He immediately designated Col. Richard D. Cutts 
 to take charge of Confederate archives, and Colonel Cutts sent to Washing¬ 
 ton in May many boxes and barrels of records. 
 
 AGO General Order 127, July 21, 1865, established a bureau in the 
 Adjutant General’s Office for the "collection, safe-keeping, and publica¬ 
 tion of the Rebel Archives" that had been acquired. The order also an¬ 
 nounced the appointment of Francis Lieber as chief of the new bureau, and 
 in August his son, Lt. Col. G. Norman Lieber, was designated his assist¬ 
 ant. With the help of a dozen clerks, Norman Lieber examined, arranged, 
 and classified the Confederate records, consisting of 428 boxes, 71 barrels, 
 and 120 bags of undelivered mail. More than half of the records were 
 found to consist of quartermasters' accounts (126 boxes and bbls.), Second 
 
 413 
 
414 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 Auditor's accounts (118 boxes and bbls.), and muster rolls and payrolls 
 (24 boxes). The accounts were in such disorder that it was considered im¬ 
 possible to arrange them and they were stored in the Winder Building. In 
 Jan. 1866 Francis Lieber submitted to the Secretary of War a report with 
 lists of the records of the Confederate executive departments. The lists 
 are useful in showing what records were assembled. The records were 
 largely those of Congress and the War, Treasury, and Post Office Depart¬ 
 ments. Not all of these records remained in the custody of the Archive 
 Office, as the Bureau of Rebel Archives was officially designated by the 
 Adjutant General's regulation of Aug. 23, 1865. In 1866 Confederate court 
 records of North Carolina were transferred to the Attorney General, and 
 the Post Office Department records were transferred to the U.S. Postmas¬ 
 ter General. 
 
 An order of the Secretary of War of Aug. 19, 1867, merging the 
 Archive Office into the Adjutant General's Office resulted in the retirement 
 of Francis Lieber, and since Norman Lieber had already left for another 
 assignment, the principal clerk, Bazaleel Wells, took charge of the office. 
 On Aug. 1, 1871, A. P. Tasker became the head of the office, where he had 
 been a clerk since its organization. Tasker and four clerks were kept busy 
 examining the Confederate records to determine the loyalty of persons 
 whose claims for wartime damages and losses were being investigated by 
 the Treasury Department, the Department of Justice, the Quartermaster 
 General's Office, and the Southern Claims Commission. Beginning in 1872 
 annual appropriations were made to enable the War Department to have the 
 Confederate archives examined and transcribed for these agencies. The 
 Archive Office also cooperated in the task of assembling documents for 
 publication. 
 
 In later years the Office of the Secretary of War and the Adjutant Gen¬ 
 eral's Office had custody of the Confederate archives. In 1881 the Archive 
 Office was merged into the Record Division of the Office of the Secretary 
 of War of which Samuel Hodgkins was the chief. In that division it became 
 the Archive Branch under Frank Jones. However, the work done by that 
 branch was similar to work performed on Federal records in the Adjutant 
 General's Office, and in 1888 Secretary of War William Endicott transferred 
 the Archive Branch to that office where it was designated the Confeder¬ 
 ate Archives Division. As head clerk, Frank Jones had under him in 1889 
 ten clerks to arrange, index, and search the files. Most of the searching 
 concerned, as before, investigations of the loyalty of claimants before U.S. 
 agencies and applications for pensions by U. S. soldiers who had been in 
 Confederate prisons and hospitals. 
 
 The offices having custody of the Confederate archives undertook to 
 make them more usable for searches regarding claimants and pension ap¬ 
 plicants and to facilitate the publishing work of the War Records Office. 
 
 The Archives Division classified the bound volumes roughly according to 
 provenance into groups designated "chapters, " the volumes numbered seri¬ 
 ally in each chapter. The volumes are still arranged on the shelves in the 
 National Archives according to this classification and the chapters are as 
 follows: 
 
 I. Adjutant and Inspector General's Department 
 n. Military Commands 
 HI. Engineer Department 
 IV. Ordnance Department 
 V. Quartermaster General's Department 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT COLLECTION 
 
 415 
 
 VI. Medical Department 
 Vn. Legislative Records 
 Vm. Miscellaneous Records 
 
 IX. Office of the Secretary of War 
 
 X. Treasury Department 
 
 XI. Post Office Department 
 xn. Judiciary 
 
 A subject index to the collection is available in a printed ’’General Index of 
 the Books, Documents and Papers in the Archives Office, War Department. ” 
 After the War Department established a program for the publication 
 of wartime records, it became desirable to acquire additional Confederate 
 records, particularly the records of Army commands. In the 1870’s the 
 Department bought a collection of battle reports and the papers of Gen. Al¬ 
 bert S. Johnston and Col. Thomas L. Snead. But acquiring records by 
 purchase promised to be very expensive, and the practice was discontinued 
 in 1879 when Congress refused to appropriate funds to buy the papers of 
 Generals Pendleton, Polk, and Bragg. 
 
 In the meantime, on July 1, 1878, the War Department appointed Mar¬ 
 cus J. Wright, a former Confederate brigadier general, its agent for the 
 collection of Confederate records in what proved to be a successful effort 
 to obtain by persuasion what was too costly to buy. Wright was instructed 
 to visit persons and places in the South to procure original records as 
 donations or loans for copying. He immediately opened correspondence 
 with surviving Army officers and officials of the Confederacy or their wid¬ 
 ows or representatives and advertised in newspapers his appointment and 
 the interest of the War Department in obtaining original Confederate records 
 for publication. He arranged with the Southern Historical Society, which 
 had been founded in New Orleans in 1869 by former officers of the Confed¬ 
 eracy for the purpose of collecting, preserving, and publishing records, 
 for the use of its collections. Wright functioned as the agent of the War 
 Department for about 25 years and through his efforts the Department ob¬ 
 tained the papers of many Confederate officers. In the case of papers that 
 were borrowed the general practice was for the War Records Office to copy 
 only those documents of which it did not already have copies. Some papers 
 that were borrowed for copying were later acquired as donations, but more 
 usually the papers after being returned by Wright found their way to other 
 repositories. The list of Confederate papers below includes papers that 
 were donated to other bureaus of the War Department and transferred to 
 the Adjutant General’s Office. 
 
 Name 
 
 Donation 
 
 Copies 
 
 Loan 
 
 Alexander, E. Porter, Gen. 
 
 
 
 X’ 
 
 Andrews, Garnett, Col. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Archer, F. H., Col. 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 Archer, James J., Brig. Gen. 
 
 Avery, I. W., Col. 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 Barksdale, William, Brig. Gen. 
 
 Bate, William B., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 Beall, William N. R., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 Beauregard, Pierre G. T., Gen.* 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 Bee, Hamilton P., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Benning, Henry L., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
416 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 Name 
 
 Bragg, Braxton, Gen. 
 
 Branch, Lawrence O'B., Brig. Gen. 
 Brander, Thomas A., Col. 
 Breckinridge, JohnC., Gen. 
 
 Brent, Joseph L., Maj. 
 
 Brown, Campbell, Maj. 
 
 Brown, JohnC., Gov. (Tenn.) 
 Brown, Joseph E., Gov. (Ga.) 
 Brownlow, John B., Col. 
 
 Cabell, James L., Surg. 
 
 Cantwell, John L., Col. 
 
 Capers, Ellison, Brig. Gen. 
 
 Carr, Charles E., Maj. 
 
 Carroll, William H., Col. 
 
 Chains, Stanford E., Surg. 
 Chalmers, James R., Brig. Gen. * 
 Churchill, Thomas J., Maj. Gen. 
 Claiborne, Thomas, Col. 
 
 Colston, Raleigh E., Brig. Gen. 
 Cooper, Douglas H., Brig. Gen. 
 Crittenden, George B., Brig. Gen. 
 Dashiell, R. R., Surg. 
 
 Davis, Jefferson 
 Douglas, Hugh T., Capt. 
 
 Duvall, Eli, Capt. 
 
 Early, Jubal A., Gen. * 
 
 Echols, William H., Maj. 
 
 Faries, Thomas A., Col. 
 
 Finegan, Joseph, Brig. Gen. 
 Flewellen, Edward A., Surg. 
 
 Floyd, John B., Brig. Gen. * 
 Forrest, Nathan B., Maj. Gen. 
 French, Samuel G., Maj. Gen.* 
 Gatlin, Richard C., Brig. Gen. 
 Gibson, Randall L., Brig. Gen. 
 Goggin, James M., Maj. 
 
 Goodman, W. A., Maj. 
 
 Grimes, Bryan, Brig. Gen. 
 Guerrant, Edward O., Capt. 
 
 Guild, Lafayette, Surg. 
 
 Hagood, Johnson, Brig. Gen. 
 Hampton, Henry, Maj. 
 
 Hampton, Wade, Maj. Gen. 
 
 Hardee, William J., Lt. Gen. 
 Harvie, Edwin J., Col. 
 
 Hatton, Robert, Brig. Gen. 
 
 Heiston, Thornton B., Capt. 
 
 Helm, Benjamin H., Brig. Gen. 
 Hewitt, Fayette, Capt. 
 
 Hill, Benjamin H., Brig. Gen. 
 
 Hill, Daniel H., Lt. Gen. 
 
 Donation 
 
 Copies 
 
 Loan 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X X 
 
 X X 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT COLLECTION 
 
 417 
 
 Name 
 
 Hill, Gabriel H., Col. 
 
 Hindman, Thomas C., Maj. Gen. 
 Hines, Peter E., Surg. 
 
 Hodge, George B., Brig. Gen. 
 Holmes, Theophilus H., Lt. Gen. 
 Hood, John B., Gen. * 
 
 Hyatt, A. W., Col. 
 
 Jackson, Henry R., Brig. Gen. 
 Jackson, John K., Brig. Gen. 
 Jackson, Thomas J., Lt. Gen. 
 Jackson, William H., Brig. Gen. 
 Johnson, Bushrod R., Maj. Gen.* 
 Johnson, Bradley T., Brig. Gen. 
 Johnston, Albert S., Gen. (purchase) 
 Johnston, Joseph E., Gen. 
 
 Jones, J. A., Col. 
 
 Jones, Samuel, Maj. Gen. * 
 
 Kershaw, Joseph B., Maj. Gen. 
 
 Lane, James H., Brig. Gen. 
 
 Law, Evander M., Brig. Gen. 
 
 Lee, Robert E., Gen.* 
 
 Lee, Stephen D., Lt. Gen. 
 
 Liddell, St. John R., Brig. Gen. 
 Lockett, Samuel H., Col. 
 
 Lomax, Lunsford L., Maj. Gen. 
 Longstreet, James, Lt. Gen. 
 
 Loring, William W., Maj. Gen. 
 Magruder, John B., Maj. Gen.* 
 Mallet, John W., Col. 
 
 Mangum, S. H., Col. 
 
 Manning, Richard I., Maj. 
 
 Marshall, Charles, Col. 
 
 Mathes, J. Harvey, Capt. 
 
 McCann, J. R., Capt. 
 
 McCarthy, Carlton, Capt. 
 
 McClellan, Henry B., Maj. 
 
 McGowan, Robert, Capt. 
 
 McLaws, Lafayette, Maj. Gen. * 
 Miller, Andrew J., Capt. 
 
 Moore, Samuel J. S., Capt. 
 
 Moore, W. S., Lt. Col. 
 
 Moorman, George, Capt. * 
 
 Morfit, Mason, Maj. 
 
 Mosby, Johns., Col. 
 
 Munford, Thomas T., Brig. Gen. 
 Oliver, John N., Col. 
 
 Ould, Robert, Col. 
 
 Owen, W. Miller, Col. 
 
 Pemberton, JohnC., Lt. Gen.* 
 Peterkin, George W., Lt. 
 
 Pickett, George E., Maj. Gen. 
 
 Donation 
 
 Copies 
 
 Loan 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
418 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 Name 
 
 Donation 
 
 Copies 
 
 Loan 
 
 Pike, Albert, Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Pillow, Gideon J., Brig. Gen. * 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Polk, Leonidas, Lt. Gen. * 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 Preston, William, Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 
 Price, Sterling, Maj. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Ransom, Robert, Jr., Maj. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Ransom, Thomas D., Capt. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Ripley, Roswell S., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 
 Ritter, Williams., Capt. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Ross, Lawrences., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Roy, T. B., Col. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Ruggles, Daniel, Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Scott, C. C., Capt. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Semmes, Paul J., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Smith, Edmund Kirby, Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Snead, Thomas L., Col. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Spence, P. B., Col. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Steele, William, Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Stevenson, Carter L., Brig. Gen. ♦ 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Stevenson, Randolph R., Surg. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Stewart, Alexander P., Lt. Gen. 
 
 
 
 
 Stuart, James E. B., Maj. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Taliaferro, William B., Maj. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Tappan, James C., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Thomas, Bryan M., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Trabue, Robert P., Col. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Vaughan, JohnC., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 Walthall, Edward C., Brig. Gen.* 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 Wharton, John A., Maj. Gen. 
 
 
 
 
 Wheeler, Joseph, Maj. Gen. * 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Whiting, William H. C., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Winder, JohnH., Brig. Gen. 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 Wise, Henry A., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 Wright, Marcus J., Brig. Gen. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 The documents obtained from the officers listed above or their sur¬ 
 vivors and those acquired from historical societies and other repositories 
 were placed in several files. All or part of the papers of the officers whose 
 names are starred in the list were left intact as personal papers. Other 
 papers are in the "Publication File, " consisting of documents printed in the 
 Official Records . . .Armies ; these documents usually bear notations as to 
 the source from which they were obtained. Other documents from officers' 
 papers are in the compiled military service records described in chapter 
 XI. Some records that were obtained from officers are described in this 
 Guide as the records of territorial commands and armies. A small collec- 
 tion (1 ft.) of longhand and typewritten copies of documents that were evi¬ 
 dently made by the War Records Office contains some original manuscript 
 letters of Confederate officers and official wartime copies. 
 
 An appropriation of $14,600 was made under an act of May 13, 1892 
 (27 Stat. 36), for the preparation of a general card index to the books, mus¬ 
 ter rolls, orders, and other official papers in the Confederate archives, 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT COLLECTION 
 
 419 
 
 and a like amount was appropriated the following year (27 Stat. 600). By 
 Sept. 1892 an index to the Secretary of War’s letters received had been 
 completed, and a year later card indexes had been completed for the Adju¬ 
 tant and Inspector General’s and the Quartermaster General’s letters re¬ 
 ceived and letter books. During 1892-94, 1,391 boxes of Confederate mus¬ 
 ter rolls were indexed on 1,563,000 cards. As soon as they were available 
 these indexes were in constant service by the Confederate Archives Divi¬ 
 sion and the War Records Office. The indexes to the correspondence files 
 are still available for research and are referred to in chapter Vn of this 
 Guide . The index cards to the muster rolls were presumably incorporated 
 into the compiled military service records described in chapter XI. 
 
 The War Department offices having custody of the Confederate ar¬ 
 chives also compiled several smaller indexes. These included a card in¬ 
 dex to appointments of Army officers, 1861-65; a card index to subscribers 
 to Confederate loans, 1861-65; an index to local Confederate military orga¬ 
 nizations (1 vol.); an index to field returns, morning reports, organizations, 
 etc., 1861-65 (1 vol.), showing the types of documents on file for commands; 
 and a general information index. 
 
 Some reference files were also compiled by the War Department of¬ 
 fices. One consists of jackets containing newspaper clippings, citations to 
 published sources and to Confederate and U. S. War Department records, 
 and data compiled while searching records. A file of compilations of his¬ 
 torical and strength data relating to Confederate Army commands is ar¬ 
 ranged by designation of command. It contains references to the Official 
 Records . . .Armies . A chronology of battles, with losses of both Union 
 and Confederate Armies, 1862-63, also refers to the Official Records. . . 
 Armies . Card memoranda relating to staff officers, 1861-65, containdata 
 relating to their services. A record of staff officers serving with general 
 officers is arranged alphabetically by name of general officer. A reference 
 file for State military organizations contains information on their formation, 
 officers, and local designations of companies. A reference file for officers 
 commanding Army corps, brigades, legions, and districts gives the com¬ 
 position of their successive commands. A reference file for medical offi¬ 
 cers contains citations to records. A reference file for Confederate and 
 U.S. Army posts, camps, stations, and batteries gives locations and cita¬ 
 tions to maps in the Atlas to Accompany the Official Records . . .Armies. 
 Other files relate to signatures of commissioned officers in records, Union 
 prisoners who joined the Confederate Army, State officials, and staff offi¬ 
 cers. A printed compilation entitled "Troops Tendered to the Confederate 
 War Department" gives information on those who offered troops or requested 
 authority to raise troops in 1861. In Record Group 94 is an historical and 
 statistical record of the principal military commands in the Union and Con¬ 
 federate Armies, 1861-62. 
 
 Although the compilation of the wartime records for publication was 
 authorized in 1864, it did not get well under way until more than 10 years 
 later. Funds were appropriated by an act of June 23, 1874 (18 Stat. 222), 
 and the Secretary of War was directed "to have copied for the Public Printer 
 all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied 
 or printed and properly arranged in chronological order. " This resulted 
 in the preparation during the 1870’s and 1880’s of 30 sets of "preliminary 
 prints" of the Confederate records for the Official Records . . . Armies, 
 in the following series: 
 
420 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 War Dept, letters received, Mar. 2-Dec. 30, 1861. 1 vol. 
 
 War Dept, letters sent, Feb. 23-Dec. 28, 1861. 1 vol. 
 
 War Dept, telegrams received, Feb. 22-Dec. 31, 1861. 7 vols. 
 
 War Dept, telegrams sent, Feb. 25-Dec. 30, 1861. 1 vol. 
 
 Adjutant and Inspector General’s correspondence and 
 orders and correspondence of Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral’s Department, Ordnance Department, and En¬ 
 gineer Bureau, Feb. 19-Dec. 30, 1861. 1 vol. 
 
 AIGO special orders. Mar. 7, 1861-Apr. 14, 1865. 5 vols. 
 
 Correspondence and orders of military departments 
 
 and commands. May 25-Dec. 31, 1861. 1 vol. 
 
 Reports of military operations, 1861-65. 21 vols. 
 
 Incomplete sets of these volumes are in the Library of Congress, the Na¬ 
 tional Archives, and the National War College Library. The ’’preliminary 
 prints” were used as printer’s copy for the published compilation. 
 
 In Dec. 1877, Capt. Robert N. Scott was placed in charge of the Pub¬ 
 lication Office, War Records (later known as the War Records Office). An 
 appropriation for printing and binding was made in 1880 and in the next year 
 publication began. Col. Henry M. Lazelle became the head of the Office in 
 1887, and from 1889 to 1898 a Board of Publication headed by an Army offi¬ 
 cer supervised the project. After the dissolution of the board the work was 
 placed under Col. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Of¬ 
 fice, and on July 1, 1899, the War Records Office became the Publication 
 Branch of the Record and Pension Office. Joseph W. Kirkley, who had 
 been with the project since its inception and who had been a member of the 
 Board of Publication, became chief of the Publication Branch. The last 
 volume of the Official Records . . . Armies was published in 1901. 
 
 The published Official Records 
 . . . Armies (available on micro¬ 
 film as M 262) are organized in se¬ 
 ries as follows: ”1. Formal reports, 
 both Union and Confederate, of the 
 first seizures of United States pro¬ 
 perty in the Southern States, and of 
 all military operations in the field, 
 with the correspondence, orders, 
 and returns relating specially there¬ 
 to, and, as proposed, is to be ac¬ 
 companied by an Atlas. H. Corre¬ 
 spondence, orders, reports, and 
 returns. Union and Confederate, 
 relating to prisoners of war, and 
 (so far as the military authorities 
 were concerned) to state or politi¬ 
 cal prisoners. HI. Correspond¬ 
 ence, orders, reports, and returns 
 
 of the Union authorities (embracing 
 their correspondence with the Con¬ 
 federate officials) not relating spe¬ 
 cially to the subjects of the first and 
 second series. It will set forth the 
 annual and special reports of the 
 Secretary of War, of the General-in- 
 Chief, and of the chiefs of the sev¬ 
 eral staff corps and departments; 
 the calls for troops, and the corre¬ 
 spondence between the National and 
 the several State authorities. IV. 
 Correspondence, orders, reports, 
 and returns of the Confederate au¬ 
 thorities, similar to that indicated 
 for the Union officials, as of the third 
 series, but excluding the correspond¬ 
 ence between the Union and Confed¬ 
 erate authorities given in that series.” 
 
 The original documents that were selected from the Confederate ar¬ 
 chives in the custody of the War Department for publication in the Official 
 Records were placed in a ’’Fhiblication File, ” arranged in the order in 
 which the documents were published. For documents from bound volumes 
 in that file there are printed cross-reference cards on which are cited the 
 
WAR DEPARTMENT COLLECTION 
 
 421 
 
 chapter, volume number, and page number of the documents. Transcripts 
 of documents obtained from collections in historical societies or other re¬ 
 positories or from private papers are also in jackets on which are usually 
 indicated the sources from which the documents were copied. The War 
 Records Office drew not only upon the Confederate War Department records 
 in its custody but also upon the records of other Confederate departments 
 and of the Congress, particularly for series IV of the Official Records, and 
 these documents are also in the "Publication File. " Therefore, in cases 
 where questions arise in connection with published documents, it is possi¬ 
 ble to check the original document. After the last volume of the Official 
 Records appeared the War Department continued to receive original Confed¬ 
 erate records, and it was planned to publish more documents in volumes to 
 be added to series I but no additional volumes have ever appeared. 
 
 In 1938 the Confederate records (2,153 cu. ft.) were transferred from 
 the Old Records Division of the Adjutant General's Office to the National 
 Archives. Of these, 425 cu. ft. have since been destroyed by the National 
 Archives. Many of the remaining volumes have been rebound; some series 
 have been microfilmed, and the microfilming of others is in progress. 
 
 Mabel E. Deutrich, Struggle 
 for Supremacy; the Career of Gen¬ 
 eral Fred C. Ainsworth (Washing^ 
 Fon, 1962); Dallas D. Irvine, "The 
 Archive Office of the War Depart¬ 
 ment; Repository of Captured Con¬ 
 federate Archives, 1865-1881, " 
 Military Affairs, 10:93-111 (Spring 
 1946), "The Fate of Confederate 
 Archives, " American Historical Re- 
 view , 44:823-841 (July 1939), "The 
 Genesis of the Official Records, " 
 Mississippi Valley Historical Re- 
 
 view , 24:221-229 (Sept. 1937); Carl 
 L. Lokke, "The Captured Confeder¬ 
 ate Records under Francis Lieber, " 
 American Archivist, 9:277-319 (Oct. 
 1^46); "The Southern Historical So¬ 
 ciety; Its Origin and History, " 
 Southern Historical Society Papers , 
 
 18:349-365 (1890); National 
 Archives, Preliminary Inventory of 
 the War Department Collection of 
 
 Confederate Records (Record Group 
 109), comp, by Elizabeth Bethel 
 
 (Washington, 1957); U.S. War Depart¬ 
 ment, Report . . .1865-1921 (Wash- 
 ington, 1865-1921), including reports 
 of the Adjutant General, the War Re¬ 
 cords Office, and the Records and 
 Pension Office, The War of the Re¬ 
 bellion; a Compilation of the Official 
 Records of the Union and Confederate 
 Armies (Washington, 1881-1901. 130 
 
 "serials" comprising 70 vols., gen¬ 
 eral index, and atlas; available also 
 on microfilm as M 262); U.S. War 
 Records Publication Office, Records 
 of the Confederate Armies in the 
 Southern Historical Society at Rich¬ 
 mond, Va . (Washington, 1880). Per¬ 
 tinent files in the following record 
 series were also used: Office of the 
 Adjutant General, Document File, 
 1890-1917; Record and Pension Office, 
 Document File, 1889-1904. 
 
422 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 n. LIST OF RECORD GROUPS CONTAINING CONFEDERATE RECORDS 
 
 The records in the National Archives and in the Federal Records 
 Centers are organized by record group. A record group usually consists 
 of the records of a single agency (and its predecessors) at the bureau level 
 in the framework of government. There are approximately 400 of these 
 record groups. Most of the Confederate records are in Record Group 109 
 (War Department Collection of Confederate Records), Record Group 365 
 (Treasury Department Collection of Confederate Records), and Record 
 Group 45 (Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Li¬ 
 brary). But Other Confederate records are in the regular series of record 
 groups consisting mainly of records of U.S. agencies which had preceded 
 the Confederate bureaus and which were reestablished during or after the 
 war. Some other Confederate records are among the records of other U.S. 
 agencies which acquired them in various ways. 
 
 There follows a list, in order of record group number, of all the re¬ 
 cord groups specified in this Guide as containing Confederate records. 
 
 After each record group title appear the names of the agencies concerned 
 and the page number or numbers of this Guide on which the descriptions of 
 their records begin. 
 
 19. Records of the Bureau of Ships. 
 
 Navy Department: Chief Constructor (p. 350). 
 
 21. Records of District Courts of the United States. 
 
 Judiciary: Confederate District Courts (p. 43-57, passim). 
 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices-Alabama (p. 123). 
 26. Records of the United States Coast Guard. 
 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices-South Carolina 
 (p. 130). 
 
 28. Records of the Post Office Department. 
 
 Treasury Department: Office of the First Auditor (p. 109). 
 
 36. Records of the Bureau of Customs. 
 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices (p. 123-133, passim) 
 War Department: Territorial Commands and Armies--Department 
 of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana (p. 263); District of 
 the Gulf (p. 267). 
 
 37. Records of the Hydrographic Office. 
 
 Navy Department: Office of Ordnance and Hydrography (p. 346). 
 
 39. Records of the Bureau of Accounts (Treasury). 
 
 Treasury Department: Treasury Note Bureau (p. 119). 
 
 41. Records of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. 
 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices (p. 214-133, passim) 
 45. Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library. 
 Department of State: Records of Commissioners and Agents (p. 86). 
 Treasury Department: Office of the First Auditor (p. 109); 
 
 Lighthouse Bureau (p. 114); Records of Field Offices-Tennessee 
 (p. 132). 
 
 War Department: Territorial Commands and Armies--Department 
 of North Carolina and Southern Virginia (p. 271); Department of 
 South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (p. 283). 
 
 Navy Department: Office of Orders and Detail (p. 343); Office of 
 Ordnance and Hydrography (p. 346); Office of Provisions and 
 Clothing (p. 348); Office of Medicine and Surgery (p. 349); 
 
LIST OF RECORD GROUPS 
 
 423 
 
 Engineer-in-Chief (p. 350); Chief Constructor (p. 350); 
 
 Marine Corps (p. 352); Naval Squadrons (p. 354-363, passim); 
 
 Naval Batteries (p. 365); Naval Procurement in Europe (p. 366); 
 
 Navy Yards and Naval Stations and Works (p. 373-386, passim); 
 
 Blockade-Runners (p. 373); Cruisers (p. 368). 
 
 56. General Records of the Department of the Treasury. 
 
 War Department: Engineer Bureau (p. 206). 
 
 Navy Department: Office of Orders and Detail (p. 345); Blockade- 
 Runners (p. 373). 
 
 59. General Records of the Department of State. 
 
 Department of State (p. 76). 
 
 War Department: Office of the Chief of Ordnance (p. 216). 
 
 Navy Department: Office of the Secretary of the Navy (p. 342); 
 Cruisers (p. 369); Navy Yards and Naval Stations and Works-- 
 Norfolk Navy Yard (p. 380). 
 
 74. Records of the Bureau of Ordnance. 
 
 Navy Department: Office of Ordnance and Hydrography (p. 347). 
 
 75. Records of the Bureau of Indian-Affairs. 
 
 War Department: Bureau of Indian Affairs (p. 213). 
 
 Post Office Department: Post Offices (p. 399). 
 
 76. Records of Boundary and Claims Commissions and Arbitrations. 
 
 Navy Department: Cruisers (p. 369). 
 
 77. Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers. 
 
 War Department: Engineer Bureau--Cartographic Records (p. 207); 
 Commanders, Staff Officers, and Other Personnel—Capt. John 
 C. Wrenshall (p. 336). 
 
 84. Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State. 
 
 Navy Department: Cruisers (p. 370). 
 
 92. Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General. 
 
 War Department: Engineer Bureau--Cartographic Records (p. 208). 
 
 94. Records of the Adjutant General's Office. 
 
 War Department: Engineer Bureau--Cartographic Records (p. 208); 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance—Arsenals, Armories, and Ord¬ 
 nance Depots, Macon Central Laboratory (p. 227). 
 
 98. Records of United States Army Commands, 1784-1821. 
 
 War Department: Regiments, Battalions, and Companies--North 
 Carolina Troops (p. 308). 
 
 104. Records of the Bureau of the Mint. 
 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices, North Carolina 
 (p. 130). 
 
 109. War Department Collection of Confederate Records. 
 
 General Records of the Confederate States Government: Constitu¬ 
 tional Convention (p. 3); Laws and Resolutions (p. 6); Electoral 
 Papers (p. 7); Indian Treaties (p. 7). 
 
 Congress: Provisional Congress (p. 13); Congress (p. 17); Senate 
 (p. 23); House of Representatives (p. 31). 
 
 Presidency (p. 65). 
 
 Judiciary: District Court of North Carolina (p. 51); District Court 
 of South Carolina (p. 52). 
 
 Department of State: Records of Commissioners and Agents (p. 86). 
 
 Treasury Department: Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
 
 (p. 94); Office of the Treasurer (p. 100); Office of the Comptroller 
 (p. 102); Office of the Register (p. 106); Office of the First Auditor 
 
424 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 (p. 109); Office of the Second Auditor (p. Ill); Office of the Com¬ 
 missioner of Taxes (p. 117); Treasury Note Bureau (p. 119); 
 Treasury Agent for the Trans-Mississippi West (p. 121); Records 
 of Field Offices (p. 125-133, passim). 
 
 War Department: Office of the Secretary of War (p. 136); Adjutant 
 and Inspector General's Office (p. 141); Quartermaster General's 
 Office (p. 155), Pay Bureau (p. 161), Office of the Inspector Gen¬ 
 eral of Field Transportation (p. 163), Railroad Bureau (p. 165), 
 Tax in Kind Bureau (p. 167); Commissary General's Office and 
 Subsistence Department (p. 169); Surgeon General's Office and 
 the Medical Department--Surgeon General's Office (p. 171), 
 Medical Directors (p. 173-177, passim). Medical Purveyors 
 (p. 178), Hospitals (p. 181-204, passim); Engineer Bureau (p. 206), 
 Cartographic Records (p. 208); Bureau of Indian Affairs (p. 214); 
 Office of the Chief of Ordnance (p. 216), Arsenals, Armories 
 and Ordnance Depots (p. 220-232, passim); Bureau of Exchange 
 (p. 235); Bureau of Conscription (p. 238), State Conscription 
 Offices (p. 241); Niter and Mining Bureau (p. 245); Bureau of 
 Foreign Supplies (p. 247); Office of the Commissary General of 
 Prisoners (p. 248), Military Prisons (p. 251-256, passim); Head¬ 
 quarters of the Army (p. 259); Territorial Commands and Armies 
 (p. 260-300, passim); Regiments, Battalions, and Companies 
 (p. 304-311, passim); State Commands (p. 313); Commanders, 
 
 Staff Officers, and Other Personnel (p. 314-336, passim). 
 
 Navy Department: Office of Ordnance and Hydrography (p. 347); 
 
 Chief Constructor (p. 350); Navy Yards and Naval Stations and 
 Works (p. 374, 379). 
 
 Post Office Department: Office of the Postmaster General (p. 389); 
 Appointment Bureau (p. 391); Contract Bureau (p. 393); Finance 
 Bureau (p. 395); Inspection Office (p. 396); Office of Military 
 Telegraphs (p. 397); Agent for the Trans-Mississippi West 
 (p. 398), Post Offices (p. 399). 
 
 Justice Department: Office of the Attorney General (p. 401); Patent 
 Office (p. 402). 
 
 153. Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General (Army). 
 
 War Department: Office of the Commissary General of Prisoners-- 
 Military Prisons, Andersonville (p. 251). 
 
 249. Records of the Commissary General of Prisoners. 
 
 War Department: Office of the Commissary General of Prisoners 
 (p. 249), Military Prisons (p. 251-258, passim); Territorial Com¬ 
 mands and Armies--Department of Richmond (p. 282). 
 
 365. Treasury Department Collection of Confederate Records. 
 
 Judiciary: District Court, Southern Division of Georgia (p. 47); 
 District Court, Eastern District of Texas (p. 54). 
 
 Treasury Department: Office of the Secretary (p. 96); Office of the 
 Treasurer (p. 101); Office of the Comptroller (p. 102); Office of 
 the First Auditor (p. 109); Office of the Second Auditor (p. 113); 
 Office of the Third Auditor (p. 113); Lighthouse Bureau (p. 114); 
 Produce Loan Office (p. 116); Office of the Commissioner of Taxes 
 (p. 118); Treasury Note Bureau (p. 120); Records of Field Offices 
 (p. 124-133, passim). 
 
 War Department: Territorial Commands and Armies--Trans-Mis- 
 sissippi Department (p. 292), District of Texas, New Mexico, 
 
LIST OF RECORD GROUPS 
 
 425 
 
 and Arizona (p. 297). 
 
 366. Records of Civil War Special Agencies of the Treasury Department. 
 Treasury Department: Records of Field Offices, South Carolina 
 (p. 132). 
 
gquoaej-^t«Ksn.'»o rm 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 T'-. ' 
 
 JfidjnrttJ«:4C T:?Mp^i5lQS«rU}i5««^'*»sW iSi®iq>,lo .BdS 
 
 8nnc':4?^i^»ao5J* dt^ 
 
 > “ ‘ b-C {^* >r;4a.9'jf ). ; .{S6I .C|) 
 
 v*ri^ y.. y-n* (p. i3€/: AcilnVjiit 
 
 '<f<: '?4c!nir !>• : .-fL‘'f: A'nc<r^{|^j:4lr: j aWBr^i^^VB 
 
 IWlk ?^„ Jr‘ .. ^ ^ U<j5 Inspect‘Jr 0*^“ 
 
 «: ij ‘-'o ’/iWwti.?>, Rjiirftii. Bur^fUf (p ^k 
 
 . ,1 Alt-. ikiT^^'i fe». Iti,' Coif Offfcf w^- 
 
 -*4^.’t^?tv*v.‘* 1 V> . UiAtji Ivdh Surg'j^ju .’. rv'ral's 
 ^ !>... Cn,;‘\c$ ITi^, 
 
 .r.r* r\.r‘, Cp. Med^vrV)?t,tri«eyoi' > * 
 
 ■ I' • • (p, ifei-JiO-j^, ; .•s«'u.<> An^-. f^r D^ireiic 
 
 ,. • :/.:y wx!ii (J>, " fvu-u. UmIUt 3MV 
 
 ;.»• !p* .i’lt»>, Ars'aopJj, Arxno^jftw 
 ' - (p, 3 ::m 2;>:? p'Bttroau 'of lbtch>ti^ 
 
 :r« I ^a' i: yrL'^tY\i.^n ». ^«) Consctipl^Wf) 
 
 ?; We: J3r,reau tp. 
 
 •• ^.‘i 'VI ‘y 347*: Ofif.,iV oi tire C4)/ItTrr^'^'.'^^G1ioybI‘aJi dl'- 
 i \ . MiUT^ai's Pi (p. 38U^t3'\ fms.liijrri'); 
 
 -•' {‘i.. ^tu.^ (p, 4v V>f:T:>rrilar:ii CoramaTitts 3Wl Ariuie;. 
 -. .vU BaHaiiojf* i, and Coinpj»r ^ 
 
 Jgr^' ’ 3u‘, wN; >;^ivij. ,SiaS4-(xJ. 3i3)| ^CKWaaJ^or. 
 
 u^uy Piopea ' » * Artr»» ' tv.n> Hy^f ■ qicO^y (p* 
 
 • ^ v v-ip. 3^): 1 iJtis and Satal Stetida® tad ^ 
 
 ^ ’ - ■ ( • ^.}, m), • v ‘ ^ iv 
 
 11^9^^''-' 1 . ^ Aa': Office u^ ti !A^5^‘>A^i'‘ir G6*;eFtU (p*'^3^), 
 
 ' AiA . \' ‘ ^ r^i. t’Wi 'iCtTdiireiii <p, 3*^5); Ffae^ 
 
 ^ ^ ^ '..r*), t»wp».p. 3^6)i Oiftee ef .MUitery 
 
 i *. : >'V t 5*?); Agent I'or Lsaippi 
 
 • * I '.*1 {„». 3^*9). 1 
 
 ■’‘j* .< >'?■;: (fa:V "etc.T^v General (p.-iOl);Paitjj* 
 
 ■ 
 
 453. y» e<e H !i U Lu> a' • 1 !>; * ?oc!g^ (A/my), 
 
 • ‘ ^ of I ii^ "• ^ • •' '^m^5'*»ary os rat «( Prmonors- - 
 
 » ArA?“r«cav;*jLfc',p/2&iK' . 
 
 . v'«. “r'isviirtf ^■•**/ieraJ-iaf Pri£v»?iere.^ : ^ 
 
 ' , 1 . 'yj\> t, «a t'5^ Cocttir*! >.^a> y Gan^rii^ of P/t3oner® 
 
 ' .' a.ix: ' PrMdruj (;u- Jjvi |}i-si::,)' TciTltOrtal Cotn- 
 
 Orpt^rloivi’/-Hiciliftdfed Ct'*-®2ix 
 , . a! *1 i. CoU«.v:.fir-r of CoJifei • /tecartta, 
 
 ^ lO* ». ourt. &.jeiix<;rti: iy*. .i#t .. ol *7); 
 
 rr. ru.rk^t df f «i-.'’!r >4). 'veil 
 .,'. y r ;M*fi •• -j:: oi'jw:,£ of tiv- A^'ct'c^ir; rr*. i*C, ‘^Ice 
 " r’ IN .: T 1>V IClTn C^fki' ( the Cdtof . vUer <pv lO^i- Office 
 
 Ai : f ,r ♦;/. ufflc ’ cC tti^j Aydift'^ (j». 1134 
 
 ^ 4-w ! ;;a A-diiitvv (p. i;3;; liareat? <p, :*►): 
 
 ' 4flyi64 “ ’. liice {j . U^>j|^ffire </ 1 *^. woai^last^s-T+r oi las 
 
 v* K'e «ia*i a|.P*^id Qfficca 
 
 «r ;. »iru;. ' * ^•-• 
 
 • f’v'» AC i < :■ i’*» rtJortAl ^ Ui ljn ' • > • *XT>ejU-f^i5- 
 
 -;• 2y^'., DU :’.“ ■-. ^.i§ hCeftiOp, 
 
 2<‘i, 
 
 .1 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abbeville, S.C., 64 
 
 Aberdeen, Miss., depositary, 129; 
 estimates of tax in kind, 167 
 
 Abingdon, Va., 57; post guard, 266 
 
 Abolitionists, 85 
 
 Accounts, 106, 150; administrators’, 
 40; AIGO, 141; Ala. Inf., 24th, 
 304; Alexander, 82; Ariz. Terr, 
 officials, 59; Army, 93, 139; 
 Army officers, 112, 405; Army 
 pay, 161; Army paymasters, 161, 
 264; Asst. Treasurer at Mobile, 
 124; Asso. for the Relief of 
 Maimed Soldiers, 174; auditors’, 
 102, 405; bakery, 196; Barksdale, 
 162; Camp Holmes, 238; Camp 
 Lee, 238; certification, 102, 104, 
 108, 109, 110; Charlotte mint, 
 
 130; clothing, 192, 201, 303, 304, 
 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 
 
 311, 312; commercial agents, 82; 
 commissaries, 93; Confederate 
 agents, 99; Confederate officials 
 at Sherman, Tex., 214-215; cot¬ 
 ton shipped, 100; court officials, 
 52, 400; cruisers, 371; customs 
 collectors, 102, 104, 123, 133; 
 deceased soldiers, 102; De Leon, 
 89; Dept, of Henrico, 268; depos¬ 
 itaries, 125, 127, 130, 133; dis¬ 
 bursing officers, 113, 128; dray- 
 age, 179; engineer office at 
 Charleston, 285; engineers, 206, 
 207; equipment, 308, 
 
 311; examination, 102, 108; for¬ 
 eign service, 80, 82; Fraser, 
 Trenholm & Co., 100; fuel, 201; 
 Hines, 90; hospital : 194, 195, 
 
 196, 198, 199, Army of Tennes¬ 
 see hospitals, 176, First Louisi¬ 
 
 ana at Charleston, 189, general at 
 Farmville, 192, general at Savan¬ 
 nah, 185, general at Wilmington, 
 189, Howard’s Grove, 202, Lake 
 City General, 182, Ocmulgee, 184, 
 Robertson, 203, Wayside at 
 Columbia, 189; hospital property, 
 199; hospital supplies, 179, 184, 
 
 191, 199, 200, 201; Hotze, 89; In¬ 
 dian agents, 212; Indian commrs., 
 215; Josselyn, 98; Justice Dept., 
 98, 108; laundry, 200, 204; Lea, 
 324; Lee’s cavalry corps, 264; 
 letters re, 110; lighthouses, 114; 
 loan commr., 126; McRae, 88; 
 Macon Armory, 225; mail con¬ 
 tractors, 113, 390, 395; mail mes¬ 
 sengers, 113; Marine Corps, 109, 
 352; marshals, 47, 55, 98; mate¬ 
 rials, 228; medical officers, 93; 
 medical purveyors, 171, 179; med¬ 
 ical supplies, 179, 184; mess, 179; 
 Military Telegraph Lines, 99, 
 
 397; naval officers, 109, 371; na¬ 
 val personnel, 371; naval stations, 
 374; Navy Dept., 108; navy paymas¬ 
 ters, 109, 350, 357, 374; ordnance, 
 270, 307, 308, 310, 311; Ordnance 
 Bur., 215; ordnance officers, 93; 
 pay, 206; Pickett, 90; port sur¬ 
 veyor, New Orleans, 128; Post 
 Office Dept., 92, 108, 109, 113, 
 
 120, 128; postage stamps, 394; 
 postal agents, 113; postal moneys 
 collected for the U.S., 395; post¬ 
 masters, 113, 390, 395, 396, 399; 
 Produce Loan agents, 116, 124, 
 
 125; property, 270, 284; provi¬ 
 sions, 188, 200, 201, 310; public 
 debt, 104; public money, 104; 
 
 427 
 
428 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Quartermaster General's Dept., 
 158; quartermasters, 93, 100, 
 
 156, 158-159, 161, 268, 288, 305, 
 306, 307, 331, 413; railroads, 
 
 110, 158, 165; recruiting officers, 
 93; revenue cutter officers, 344; 
 route agents, 113; Salisbury Mili¬ 
 tary Prison Hospital, 188; Second 
 Auditor, 414; secret service, 83; 
 sequestration receivers: 39, 40, 
 105, 107, Fla., 45, Ga., 47, 48, 
 S. C., 52, Tex., 54, 55; settle¬ 
 ment, 94; State Dept., 82, 98, 
 108; States, 111; stationery, 32; 
 stewards, 199; supplies, 230; 
 sutler, 253; tax assessors, 118, 
 123; tax collectors, 117, 118; tax 
 in kind, 160; telegrams, 150; 
 Texas Cotton Office, 293; Trans- 
 Mississippi West, 120; trans¬ 
 portation, 93, 305; Treasury 
 agent at Wilmington, 116; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept., 96, 98, 108; Treasury 
 Note Bur., 120; Tredegar gun 
 foundry, 218; volunteer forces, 
 139; War Dept., 99, 111, 139; 
 Witherspoon, 285. See also Pis - 
 bursements. Expenditures, Fi¬ 
 nancial records, Journals, 
 Ledgers 
 
 Accounts, House Standing Commit¬ 
 tee on, 24 
 
 Accounts, Senate Standing Commit¬ 
 tee on, 20 
 
 Accounts, Standing Committee on, 
 
 10 
 
 Accoutrements, 226, 230 
 Acts. See Laws 
 Adair, William P., 60 
 Adams, Charles F., 370 
 Adams, Daniel W., 306 
 Adams, David R., 126 
 Adams, R. W., 128 
 Adams, Wirt, 307 
 Adjutant and Inspector General, 141; 
 battle reports sent to, 150; let¬ 
 ters sent, 175; reports to, 240; 
 supt. of railroad transportation 
 to report through, 164 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's 
 Department, 409, 414 
 Adjutant and Inspector General's 
 Office, accounts, 141; adminis¬ 
 
 ters conscription service, 237; 
 assignments of chaplains, 151; 
 corresp., 420; general orders, 
 
 66, 177, 226, 232, 262; index to 
 letters, 141, 419; information re 
 operations, 151; Melton's letters, 
 326; military court proceedings 
 sent to, 143; muster rolls for¬ 
 warded to, 144; officers reporting 
 at, 147; orders, 173; organization, 
 140; records, 135, 140-151, 235, 
 
 405; reports to, 241; special or¬ 
 ders, 66, 144, 157, 173, 176, 177, 178, 
 226, 232, 239, 262, 287, 405, 420 
 Adjutant General's Office, Adjutant 
 and Inspector General's Office, 
 
 140 
 
 Adjutants general. Army of N. Va., 
 278, 279; Army of Tenn., 288; 
 Dept, of S. C., Ga., and Fla., 285; 
 Mo. State Guard, 330; serve under : 
 Beauregard, 319, 330, Gregg, 321, 
 Pickett, 278 
 
 Administration, Army, 136, 141; con¬ 
 scription, 136; Medical Dept., 
 
 172, War Dept., 136 
 Admiralty cases, 37, 40; district 
 courts : Ala., 42, 43, Ga., 46, 
 
 47, La., 48, N. C., 50, 51, Tex., 
 54, 56 
 
 Admiralty court. Key West, 45 
 Advertisements, 220; for proposals. 
 Post Office Dept., 390, 394 
 Advertising, 82, 94, 97 
 Agent for the Exchange of Prisoners, 
 234- 236, 249, 257, 268. See 
 also Exchange Bureau, Prisoners 
 of war 
 
 Agent of Exchange, Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Dept., 290 
 
 Agents, in the U.S., 152; State Dept., 
 81. See also Commercial agents 
 Agnes E. Fry , blockade-runner, 372 
 Agricultural products, 7; tax on, 117, 
 166 
 
 Agriculturalists, 238 
 Agriculture, patents re^. 402 
 Agrippina, C.S.S., 369 
 Aides, presidential, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67 
 Aides-de-camp, 318; appointment, 
 
 63, 147; hospital patients, 198; 
 records, 409 
 Aiken, James R., 51 
 
INDEX 
 
 429 
 
 Aiken’s Landing, James River, 
 
 Va., 234, 250 
 
 Ainsworth, FredC., 404, 420 
 Ajax , C.S.S., 368, 369 
 Akin, Warren, 29, 33 
 Alabama, 299; accounts, 195; chief 
 commissary, 168; chief tax col¬ 
 lector, 116, 117; coal mining, 
 
 243; commandant of conscripts, 
 240; commissary depots, 168; 
 cotton purchased in, 124; depos¬ 
 itaries, 125; district court, 42; 
 field transportation, 162; forts, 
 324; general of reserves, 303; 
 iron furnaces, 243; iron manu¬ 
 facture, 245, 346; limestone 
 works, 243; local defense forces, 
 148; mail contracts, 394; maps, 
 264, 336; medical directors 
 serve in, 177; medical purveyor 
 in, 179; military courts for, 142; 
 military hospit^s, 176, 181-182, 
 288; military operations in, 207; 
 military prisons, 247; military 
 service records, 406, 408; min¬ 
 eral survey, 245; muster rolls, 
 145; niter and mining service, 
 
 244; niter works, 243; number of 
 Representatives, 14; officers 
 serve in : Gilmer, 320, Pillow, 
 328; officials : corresp., 195; 
 ordnance officers in, 223; ord¬ 
 nance works, 216; part of : Dept. 
 No. 1, 265, Dept, of Ala. andW. 
 Fla., 262, Dept, of Tenn., 286, 
 Western Dept., 237, 300; per¬ 
 sons who sold cotton, 116; Pro¬ 
 duce Loan agents, 115, 124, 125; 
 purveyors of medical supplies, 
 178; quartermasters in, 153, 164; 
 records of troops, 304; regimen¬ 
 tal officers, 147, 148; sales of 
 property, 98; secession, 1, 5; 
 Semmes returns to, 355; surgeons 
 in, 328; tax assessors, 123; tax 
 collector, 123, 124, 125; tax-in- 
 kind estimates, 118; tax returns, 
 118; telegraph line, 397; Treasury 
 field office records, 123-125; 
 troops seize arsenal, 229 
 Alabama claims, 80, 85, 341 
 Alabama, C.S.S., accounts, 371; 
 cargoes destroyed by, 83; 
 
 construction contract, 372; dam¬ 
 ages to American shipping, 80; 
 logbook, 369; marine guard on, 
 
 352; operations, 367, 368, 372; 
 plans, 350; purchase, 365; repair, 
 88; sinking, 355 
 
 Alabama Department of Archives and 
 History, Austin’s journal, 264; 
 Browne papers, 345; Hopkins 
 papers, 195; military service re¬ 
 cords, 408; papers of Army offi¬ 
 cers : Allen, 288, Bragg, 316, 
 Hardee, 288, Morgan, 327, 
 
 Semple, 331, Van Dorn, 334, 
 Wheeler, 335, Wood, 336; papers 
 of officials: Campbell, 139, Clay, 
 33, Davis, 67, Lamar, 88, Mc¬ 
 Kee, 34, McRae, 34, 88, 378, 
 Walker, 139, Watts, 401, Yancey, 
 35, 87; papers of Surgeon Alison, 
 314 
 
 Alabama Hospital, Richmond, Va., 195 
 Alabama House of Representatives, 
 offer of hall, 11 
 
 Alabama River, 252; shipyard on, 
 
 386 
 
 Alabama University Library, papers 
 of Army officers : Clayton, 318, 
 Gorgas, 218, 373, Quayle, 330; 
 papers of officials : Davis, 68, 
 Shorter, 35; records held by : 
 Alabama , 351, 370, 372, Brier- 
 field Iron Works, 218, Shelby Iron 
 Co., 218, 246, 347, Tuscaloosa 
 logbook, 371 
 Alar , C.S.S., 369 
 Albany, Ga., 347 
 Albemarle , C.S.S., 356, 376 
 Albemarle County, Va., conscrip¬ 
 tion organization, 238 
 Albemarle (N. C.) judicial division, 
 
 50 
 
 Alcohol, 179 
 Aldis, Asa O., 76 
 Alert , C.S.S., 360 
 Alexander, E. Porter, 274, 415 
 Alexander, George W., 255, 257 
 Alexander, William F., 72, 82 
 Alexandra , C.S.S., 365, 372 
 Alexandria, La., 129; asst, agent 
 for exchange at, 235; cotton 
 agency, 294; district court seat, 
 
 48; hdqrs., Trans-Mississippi 
 
430 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Dept., 289; medical director of 
 hospitals, 172; naval hdqrs., 
 
 362; ordnance shops, 289; Pro¬ 
 duce Loan agent, 115; quarter¬ 
 master depot, 154; sequestration 
 receiver at, 49; slaughterhouse 
 at, 167 
 
 Alexandria, Va., telegraph line to 
 New Orleans, 397 
 Alexandria Riflemen, 301 
 Algiers, La., 379 
 Alien enemies, deportation, 38; 
 sequestration of property, 39, 
 
 40. See also Sequestration re¬ 
 ceivers 
 
 Aliens, conscription, 297; natural¬ 
 ization, 37 
 Alison, J. D., 314 
 Allan, Thompson, 100, 117, 118 
 Allan, William, 278 
 Allen, Henry W., 398 
 Allen, William W., 288 
 Allison, Richard T., 352 
 Allotments, 109 
 Allston, Ben, 293 
 Amanda, merchant ship, 83 
 Ambassadors, 37, 63 
 Ambler, John, 161 
 American Antiquarian Society, ord¬ 
 nance records, 218; papers of 
 officials, Davis, 68 
 American Jewish Archives, 
 Benjamin papers, 77, 139; De 
 Leon papers, 89 
 
 American Telegraph Company, 397 
 Americus, Ga., 250 
 Ammunition, 12, 223, 228, 229, 230, 
 
 270, 309, 313, 347, 360; boxes, 
 
 220; fixed, 220; inventories, 217; 
 manufacture, 226, 232, 289; naval, 
 383, 384, 385, 386; small-arms, 
 221, 222, 230 
 
 Amputation cases, 201 
 Anderson, Clifford, 30 
 Anderson, Decatur C., 42 
 Anderson, Edward C., 140, 286 
 Anderson, Edward C., Jr., 305 
 Anderson, James P., 2, 33, 269, 
 283, 303 
 
 Anderson, Joseph R., 216, 218, 
 
 271, 275 
 
 Anderson, Richard H., 273, 314 
 Anderson, Robert, 81 
 
 Anderson, W. J., 154 
 Anderson, William E., 45 
 Anderson, S.C., records destroyed 
 at, 92 
 
 Anderson Courthouse, S.C., 285 
 Andersonville Military Prison, 150, 
 182, 250, 251, 252, 255 
 Andrews, Charles H., 314 
 Andrews, Garnett, 151, 415 
 Andrews, William A., 83 
 Ann Fanny , C.S.S., 369 
 Annuities, Indian, 210, 211 
 Apache Pass, 58 
 Apalachicola, Fla., 340; battery, 
 
 364; becomes untenable, 45; cot¬ 
 ton exports, 104; district court 
 terms, 45 
 
 Apalachicola Arsenal, Fla., 218, 219 
 Apalachicola River, 267, 282; de¬ 
 fenses, 286 
 Apothecaries, 348 
 Appel, Philip F., 364 
 Applications for appointments, 69, 
 
 70, 81; Army officers, 71, 138, 
 
 146, 405; civilian, 81; engineers, 
 207; Senate, 17; Treasury Dept., 
 95, 97, 100 
 
 Appointment Bureau, Post Office 
 Department, 388, 389, 391 
 Appointment Office, Adjutant and 
 Inspector General's Office, 140 
 Appointments, 106; appraisers, 41; 
 Ariz. Terr., 59; Army officers, 
 143-147, 150, 405, 407, 419; artil¬ 
 lery officers, 149; attorneys, 39; 
 boards of survey, 151; cadets, 
 
 150; chaplains, 151; civilian, 13; 
 clerks, 107; commissaries, 167; 
 Comptrollers Office, 102; Con¬ 
 gressional committees, 13; court 
 officers : 40, Ariz. Terr., 59, 
 Fla., 45, Va., 57, 58; Danville 
 post office, 399; Dept, of Henrico, 
 268; employees of House of Repre¬ 
 sentatives, 31; engineers, 149; 
 executive departments, 70; inspec¬ 
 tors of field transportation, 163; 
 letters re, 137; mail carriers, 
 
 394; medical examining boards, 
 
 172; medical officers, 172, 174; 
 military, 13; military courts and 
 boards, 144; naval engineers, 350; 
 naval officers, 337; naval 
 
INDEX 
 
 431 
 
 personnel, 360, 364, 369, 374; 
 Navy, 344; nominations, 11; Post 
 Office Dept., 390; postmasters, 
 391, 392; post route agents, 392; 
 Presidential, 14, 19, 21, 23, 31, 
 63, 65, 66, 68, 69, 80, 81, 116, 
 117, 401; prize commrs., 40; 
 Produce Loan subagents, 95; 
 Provisional Congress, 13; pur¬ 
 chasing agents, 251; quartermas¬ 
 ters, 153, 157; recommendations 
 re . 97, 110, 410; records, 82; 
 Secretary of the Navy, 110; 
 Senators, 14, 23; State Dept., 
 
 80; surgeons, 170; tax collec¬ 
 tors, 117; Treasury Dept., 94, 
 
 95, 97, 101. See also District 
 attorneys. Clerks of court. 
 Judges, Marshals, Sequestra¬ 
 tion receivers 
 Appomattox River, 270 
 Appraisers, appointment, 41 
 Appropriations, documents r£, 97; 
 estimates: customs collectors, 
 102, 104, depositaries, 130, ex¬ 
 ecutive depts., 14, 17, field 
 transportation, 163, Lighthouse 
 Bur., 114, Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral, 156, State Dept., 80, 82, 
 tax collectors, 118, Treasury 
 Dept., 94, 95, 98, 390, War 
 Dept., 136; Post Office Dept., 
 394; War Dept., 140 
 Aquia Creek, 277, 364 
 Aquia District, Dept, of Northern 
 Va., 272 
 
 Arapahoe Indians, agency records, 
 214 
 
 Archer, Edward R., 218 
 Archer, F. H., 415 
 Archer, James J., 415 
 Archer, Junius L., 222 
 Archer , C.S.S., 368 
 Archer & Daly, 118 
 Arctic, C.S.S., 356 
 Arizona, part of Ariz. Terr., 58 
 Arizona County, Ariz. Terr., 58, 
 59 
 
 Arizona Historical Foundation, 406 
 Arizona Territory, accounts, 98; 
 appointment of officials, 63; 
 corresp., 81; delegate, 9, 24; 
 district courts, 58, 59; military 
 
 service records, 406; occupied 
 by U.S. forces, 59; organized by 
 Baylor, 296; secretary, 62 
 Arkadelphia, Ark., pharmaceutical 
 laboratory, 178 
 
 Arkadelphia Arsenal, Ark., 289 
 Arkansas, 302; admitted to Confed¬ 
 eracy, 9; Army of the West in, 
 299; capital removed to Washing¬ 
 ton, 44; chief tax collector, 116, 
 117; contested election, 32; cotton 
 purchases in, 292; district courts, 
 44; enrolling officer, 294; Indians 
 west of, 210; judicial district, 60; 
 mail contracts, 394; maps, 209; 
 military service records, 406; 
 naturalization records, 42; num¬ 
 ber of Representatives, 15; occu¬ 
 pied by U.S., 289, 295, 393; offi ¬ 
 cers serve in : Hardee, 321, 
 Thompson, 333; part of : the Dist. 
 of Ark., 295, Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 289, Trans-Miss. Dist., 300, 
 Western Dept., 300; persons who 
 sold cotton, 116; post offices, 391, 
 392, 395, 396; post routes, 398; 
 Produce Loan agent, 115; purvey¬ 
 ors of medical supplies, 178; 
 quartermaster purchasing officer, 
 154; records of troops, 304; regi¬ 
 mental officers, 147, 148; seces¬ 
 sion ordinance, 5; surgeons serve 
 in, 316; Treasury Agent and, 121; 
 Treasury Dept, field offices, 125 
 Arkansas , C.S.S., 362, 387 
 Arkansas and Red River Superin¬ 
 tendency, 60, 212-214 
 Arkansas History Commission, 406, 
 408 
 
 Arkansas River, 44; Pontchartrain 
 burned in, 362 
 
 Arkansas State Telegraph Co., 397 
 Arkansas University Library, John¬ 
 son papers, 296; Stephens papers, 
 71 
 
 Armament, Army, 139; contracts, 
 410; manufacture, 216; supplied to 
 cruisers, 365 
 Arman, Paul, 99 
 Armies, 146, 240, 259-262; chief 
 commissaries, 168; chief quarter¬ 
 masters, 162; composition, 150; 
 east. Va., 272; engineering work. 
 
432 
 
 INDEX 
 
 204 - 205; exchange of prisoners, 
 234; inspecting officers, 142; 
 issues, 262; mail service for, 
 
 391; medical directors, 172; 
 
 N.C., 272; officers, 150; orders 
 issued by, 66, 143; organization 
 of staffs, 260; quartermasters, 
 156; records, 260, 261, 418 
 
 Armistice, opposed by Lincoln, 70 
 
 Armor plate, 346, 347, 386 
 
 Armorers, 219 
 
 Armories, 218-233; Columbia, 
 
 S. C., 222; letters to comdrs., 
 224; Tallassee, Ala., 99 
 
 Arms, imported, 216, 293; manu¬ 
 facture, 224, 225, 232; permis¬ 
 sion to bear, 411; repair, 220, 
 
 230, 289 
 
 Arms, House Special Committee on 
 the Manufacture in Richmond, 28 
 
 Army, 10; absentees, 237; accounts, 
 139; acquires lightships, 114; 
 administration, 136, 141; appoint¬ 
 ments, 81, 137; bands, 145, 410; 
 camps, 70, 163, 232, 247, 309, 
 320, 326, 419; command of, 259; 
 commander-in-chief, 63, 420; 
 commands : 419, commissaries 
 under, 168, corresp., 420, quar¬ 
 termasters, 157, records, 144, 
 414, 415, 418, special orders, 
 
 97; companies : 301, arrival in 
 Va., 150, officers, 161, payrolls, 
 112, records, 303, returns, 93, 
 150, rolls, 145; constructs tele¬ 
 graph lines, 397; cooperation of 
 Navy with, 354, 361; cordage 
 supplied to, 382; disbursing offi¬ 
 cers, 101, 112; discharges, 137; 
 enlistments, 145, 303, 304, 412; 
 expenses. 111; feeds refugee In¬ 
 dians, 211, 212; field installa¬ 
 tions, 142; field officers, 146, 
 
 147; headquarters, 259; impress¬ 
 ments, 111; Navy officers as¬ 
 signed, 60, 409; operations : at 
 Galveston, 363, direction, 136, 
 reports on, 149; organization, 
 
 141, 150; pay, 157, 161-162; per¬ 
 sonnel, 138; posts : expenditures 
 at, 159; field transportation, 163, 
 letters to, 173, 259, physicians’ 
 services at, 113; provost mar¬ 
 
 shals at, 260, quartermasters, 
 
 157, 162, records, 260, 261, re¬ 
 turns, 150, 412; President directs, 
 136; records, 407; Regular, 409; 
 returns, 150; staff officers, 146, 
 147; supplies, 121; transfers to 
 Navy, 337, 343; U.S. prisoners 
 enlist in, 250, 258, 419. See also 
 Artillery regiments. Cavalry regi¬ 
 ments, Infantry regiments. Mili¬ 
 tary operations 
 
 Army, Provisional, 63, 149, 150, 
 
 240, 301 
 
 Army, Regular, 145, 147, 150, 302, 
 303 
 
 Army agents, 347 
 
 Army Clothing, Senate Special Com¬ 
 mittee To Investigate the Price 
 Paid for, 22 
 
 Army corps, 146; comdrs., 419; 
 composition, 150; Hardee’s, 287; 
 288; inspecting officers, 142; 
 
 Lee’s, 287; Longstreet’s, 274; 
 medical directors, 172, 175; mili¬ 
 tary courts appointed for, 142; 
 officers, 147, 409, 410; Polk’s, 
 
 287, 329; signal personnel, 152 
 Army Intelligence Office, Trans- 
 Miss. Dept., 290 
 Army Intelligence Office, War De¬ 
 partment, 233 
 
 Army of East Tennessee, 321 
 Army of the Kanawha, 268, 272, 274 
 Army of Kentucky, 261, 269, 286 
 Army of Louisiana, 265 
 Army of the Mississippi, 269-270, 
 286, 300, 301, 306, 316; Bragg 
 comdg., 315; Buckner comdg., 
 
 317; commissary, 330; letters re^ 
 315; officers serve in : Chalmers, 
 317; Forrest, 319, Helm, 321, 
 Hindman, 321, Jackson, 322, 
 Johnston, 323, Liddell, 324, 
 
 Lovell, 325, Maney, 326, Walker, 
 334, Wheeler, 335, Wood, 336; 
 orders, 261; Polk comdg., 329; 
 returns, 262 
 
 Army of Mobile, 262, 263, 270 
 Army of New Mexico, 296, 297, 332 
 Army of Northern Virginia, 259, 272- 
 279, 280, 322; artillery battalions, 
 148; artillery officer, 316; cam¬ 
 paign maps, 277; comdrs., 273; 
 
INDEX 
 
 433 
 
 inspector of hospitals, 173; med¬ 
 ical director, 173, 177; medical 
 purveyor, 180; military courts, 
 142; officers serve in : Heth, 321, 
 Hood, 322, Johnson, 322, 
 McLaws, 325, Morgan, 327, 
 Pettigrew, 328, Pickett, 328, 
 Tapscott, 333, Walker, 334, 
 Whiting, 335, Wise, 336; orders, 
 163; ordnance supplied to, 230; 
 quartermasters, 157; records, 
 274; roster of officers, 332; sur¬ 
 geons, 177, 321; transportation 
 property, 163; Valley District, 
 
 178 
 
 Army of the Northwest, 274; Jack- 
 son comdg., 322; Johnson 
 comdg., 335; officers serve in : 
 Maney, 326, Taliaferro, 332 
 
 Army of the Peninsula, 279- 280; 
 artillery officer, 316; asst, com¬ 
 missary, 169; officers serve in : 
 McLaws, 325, Pickett, 328; sig¬ 
 nal operators, 153 
 
 Army of Pensacola, 280 
 
 Army of the Potomac, 272, 280- 
 281, 306; Beauregard comdg., 
 
 314; Johnston comdg., 323; med¬ 
 ical director, 177; officers serve 
 m: French, 319, Van Dorn, 333; 
 orders, 175, 177; surgeons, 177, 
 321 
 
 Army of the Rappahannock, 275 
 
 Army of Tennessee, 268, 286-289, 
 316, 317, 331; Army of the West 
 united with, 299, 300; artillery 
 battalions, 148; Bragg comdg., 
 315; Hood comdg., 322; hospitals, 
 175; Johnston comdg., 323; maps 
 of operations, 321; medical direc¬ 
 tor, 175, 176, 177, 180; medical 
 officers, 175; medical records, 
 176; officers serve in : Adams, 
 306, Beauregard, 341, Clayton, 
 318, Forrest, 319, French, 319, 
 Gibson, 306, Helm, 321, Hind¬ 
 man, 321, Jackson, 322, John¬ 
 son, 322, Lee, 324, Liddell, 
 
 324, Maney, 326, Morgan, 327, 
 Polk, 329, Reynolds, 330, 
 Walker, 334, Wheeler, 335, 
 Wood, 336; orders, 163, 176, 
 
 261; ordnance for, 219, 222, 223; 
 
 quartermaster with, 164, 331; re¬ 
 cords, 287; special orders, 176; 
 Volunteer and Conscript Bureau, 
 
 150 
 
 Army of the Valley, 332, 333 
 
 Army of the West, 261, 299; Clark 
 with, 318; commissary, 330; let¬ 
 ters re, 315; Price comdg., 329; 
 Van Dorn comdg., 333 
 
 Army officers, accounts, 405; ap¬ 
 pointments, 143, 144, 145-147, 150, 
 407, 419; biographies, 146; bonds, 
 103, 136, 141; corresp., 66, 85, 145, 
 169, 180, 214, 363, 364, 382; 
 counterwar rants issued to, 98; 
 deceased : claims, 112, returns of, 
 112; disabled, 239; disbursements, 
 101, 158; discharges, 148; elections, 
 146, 149, 237, 285, 309, 329, 412; 
 employ exempted persons, 241; 
 examination of, 149; funds for, 
 
 139; in Indian Territory, 211; let¬ 
 ters sent, 17, 66, 69, 95, 100, 
 
 137, 141, 163, 176, 235, 357, 377; 
 letters to, 66, 97, 101, 121, 137, 
 
 141, 156, 161, 163, 173, 175, 177, 
 206, 220, 226, 229, 230,232, 242, 
 259, 347, 358, 362, 363, 381, 385, 
 387, 390; lists, 142, 304; medical 
 treatment, 180; nomination, 136; 
 orders, 141; papers, 67, 405, 415- 
 418; payments to, 98, 111; payrolls, 
 111; promotions, 143; records re, 
 140, 262, 303, 310, 405, 408, 409, 
 411; resignations, 141, 143, 148, 
 
 149, 157; rosters: 261, 288, 291, 
 299, 308, 404, 405, Ala. Inf., 
 
 304, Army of N. Va., 332, Ga. 
 Inf., 305, Miss. Inf., 307, 20th 
 N. C. Inf., 308, 4th Tex. Vols., 
 
 311, Price’s commands, 329, 
 
 Wise’s commands, 336; signatures, 
 419; staff, 419; telegrams to, 97. 
 See also Artillery officers. 
 
 Cavalry officers, Commissaries 
 of subsistence. Engineers, En¬ 
 rolling officers. Generals, Inspec¬ 
 tors, Military officers, Military 
 personnel, Ordnance officers, 
 Quartermasters 
 
 Army Pay and Clothing, House Se¬ 
 lect Committee on, 30 
 
 Army paymasters, 112; accounts, 93, 
 
434 
 
 INDEX 
 
 158, 161; bonds, 103; Dept, of 
 Ala., Miss., and E. La., 264; 
 Macon Armory, 225; quartermas¬ 
 ter charged with duties of, 153 
 Army personnel, at Drewry’s 
 Bluff, 364 
 
 Arrests, record re, 411 
 Arrington, Archibald H., 33 
 Arsenals, 218-232; acquired by the 
 Confederacy, 218; commanders: 
 instructions to, 217, letters sent, 
 228, letters to, 220, 224, 226, 
 227, 229, 231, 232; employees, 
 412; inspection reports, 218; in¬ 
 spector, 215; papers re, 217 -218; 
 personnel, 219; seized, 9; trans¬ 
 fer to Confederacy, 86; visited 
 by Mallet, 227 
 Articles of War, 142 
 Artificers, 207, 219. See also 
 Mechanics 
 
 Artillery, Army of La., 265; Army 
 of N. Va., 273, 276, 278; Army 
 of the West, 299; Dist. of W. 
 
 La., 298; experiments, 227; 
 field, 220, 221, 226, 230; har¬ 
 ness, 221, 222; light, 302; shells, 
 222 
 
 Artillery battalions, 148, 273; La., 
 306, 324, 334; N.C., 326-327; 
 Va., 3il, 320 
 
 Artillery officers, appointment, 
 
 149; Army of N. Va., 275, 279, 
 316; Army of the Peninsula, 316; 
 Army of Tenn., 287; attached to 
 arsenals, 219; Dept, of Ala., 
 Miss, and E. La., 264; Long- 
 street’s Corps, 274; on Jackson’s 
 staff, 335; report of Board of on 
 charges for guns, 284; Vicks¬ 
 burg, 324; Virginia, 324 
 Artillery organizations, rolls, 145 
 Artillery regiments, 406; Alabama: 
 304; Mississippi: 1st, 326; North 
 Carolina: 408, 10th, 309; South 
 Carolina: 1st, 309, 2d, 309, 
 Washington, 309; Texas: 1st, 
 
 311; Virginia: 1st, 311 
 Artisans, 238 
 Ash, John H., 314 
 Ashe, Thomas S., 27 
 Asheville Armory, N.C., 219, 222 
 Assault cases, Ariz. Terr., 58 
 
 Assay offices, 123; establishment, 
 
 94 
 
 Assessment lists, 117 
 Assistant Attorney General, 400 
 Assistant Inspector General of Field 
 Transportation, 163 
 Assistant Secretary of State, 63, 72 
 Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, 
 63, 92, 94, 99, 106 
 Assistant Secretary of War, 63, 134, 
 136, 247 
 
 Assistant Treasurers, 100; bonds, 
 
 103; funds received by, 98; letters 
 sent, 95, 97, 100, 107; letters to, 
 95, 102, 106, 108; offices : Charles¬ 
 ton, 132, 226, Jackson, 128, 
 Meridian, 128, Mobile, 124, 128, 
 New Orleans, 128, 129, Selma, 
 
 128; received revenue, 122; tele¬ 
 grams to, 97; Treasury notes 
 deposited with, 98 
 
 Association for the Relief of Maimed 
 Soldiers, 174 
 
 Associations, subscribe to Govt, 
 loans, 107 
 
 Asylums, Columbia, 253 
 Atalanta , blockade-runner, 373 
 Athens, Ga., 12; depositary, 126 
 Athens, Tenn., 241 
 Atkins, John D. C., 25, 26, 27, 28 
 Atlanta, Ga., arsenal moved to, 229; 
 camp of instruction near, 358; 
 comdr. at, 286; defenses, 286; 
 depositary, 126; district court 
 seat, 46; Empire Hospital, 184; 
 Gilmer at, 284; medical depot, 
 
 178; military hospitals, 183; mili¬ 
 tary prisons, 250, 252; navy agent 
 at, 348; pharmaceutical labora¬ 
 tory, 178; quartermaster at, 286; 
 quartermaster depot, 153, 154; 
 railroad transportation officer, 
 
 165; pistol factory, 224; shipments 
 through, 220; Stout at, 176; tele¬ 
 graph office, 397 
 Atlanta , C.S.S., 360, 373, 384 
 Atlanta & West Point Railroad, 209 
 Atlanta Arsenal, Ga., 219-220, 229, 
 letters to, 223 
 
 Atlanta Naval Ordnance Works, Ga., 
 340, 345, 374, 385 
 Atlantic Ocean, 340, 367, 368 
 Attala County, Miss., 49 
 
INDEX 
 
 435 
 
 Attorney General, corresp., 401; 
 distributes laws, 6; duties, 400; 
 letters to, 390; opinions, 102, 
 
 390, 400, 401; publishes laws, 
 
 5; recommend court officials, 
 
 38; recommends re court fees, 
 38; records, 401; reports, 18, 
 400, 401; returns submitted to, 
 38; to represent the Govt, be¬ 
 fore the Board of Claims 
 Commrs., 61 
 
 Attorneys, 297; admitted to district 
 courts, 40; Ala., 43; fees, 40; 
 Fla., 45; names recorded, 40; 
 report re confiscable pro¬ 
 perty, 39; soldiers’, 113; to be 
 appointed for sequestration 
 cases, 39; Va., 57. See also 
 District attorneys 
 Atwater, Dorence, 251 
 Auburn (Maine) Public Library, 99 
 Auditor, Trans-Mississippi West, 
 120 
 
 Auditors of the Treasury, settle¬ 
 ment of accounts, 102; First : 
 
 390, corresp., 340, duties, 108, 
 letters to, 96, 206, 342, 390, 
 393, 396, records, 93, 109 -110, 
 348, reports, 98, 99, 104, re¬ 
 ports on operations, 110; Second : 
 accounts, 405, 414, duties. 111, 
 letters sent, 100, 156, letters to, 
 156, 206, 231, organization of 
 office. 111, records, 92, 93, 111- 
 113, 405, reports, 18, 206, 410, 
 statement re deceased soldiers, 
 412; Third: 394, claims pre¬ 
 sented to, 395, records, 92, 113 
 August, Thomas P., 237, 242 
 Augusta, Ga., 12; board of loan 
 commrs. at, 105; depositary, 
 
 126, 127, 226; district court seat, 
 46; Engineer Bur. workshop, 
 
 205; field transportation hdqrs., 
 162; Hunter surrenders at, 358; 
 military hdqrs., 359; naval 
 clothing factory, 348; naval ord¬ 
 nance works, 345; naval store¬ 
 house, 347; navy agent, 347, 
 
 359; navy paymaster, 377; Pro¬ 
 duce Loan agent, 115; quarter¬ 
 master depot, 153, 154; quarter¬ 
 master purchasing officer, 153; 
 
 railroad accounts paid at, 165; 
 records seized at, 47; shoe fac¬ 
 tory, 347; telegraph office, 397 
 Augusta Arsenal and Powder Works, 
 Ga., 218, 220- 221, 223, 227, 385 
 Augusta Naval Ordnance Works, 340, 
 345, 374 
 
 Austin, Hurieosco, 264 
 Austin, William T., 53, 56 
 Austin, Tex., district court seat, 
 
 53, 54, 55; tax-in-kind quarter¬ 
 master, 294 
 
 Autobiographies, Bayne, 247; 
 Brooke, 379; Pike, 215; Thomp¬ 
 son, 333 
 Autopsies, 182 
 
 Avegno, Bernard, 73, 78, 79 
 Averett, Samuel W., 339 
 Avery, 1. W., 415 
 Avery Island, La., salt mines, 167 
 Avon, 370 
 
 Ayer, Lewis M., 26, 30 
 Ayer, William F., 288 
 Aylett, Patrick H., 56 
 
 Badge of distinction, 140 
 Baggage, 183, 188, 193, 194, 201 
 Bagging, 293 
 Bahama , C.S.S., 369 
 Bahamas, blockade-runners from, 
 246 
 
 Bailey, W. H., 50 
 Bailey, William, 105 
 Bailiffs, 38 
 
 Baker, Bolling, 109, 377 
 Baker, George B., 238 
 Baker, James M., 20, 22, 33 
 Baker, James McC., 339 
 Baker, Thomas H., 339 
 Bakeries, 347; accounts, 196 
 Baldwin, A. S., 285 
 Baldwin, Briscoe G., 231 
 Baldwin, John B., 27, 28, 29, 30 
 Baldwin, William E., 331 
 Ballinger, William P., 53, 54, 55, 
 56 
 
 Balloons, 205 
 
 Ball’s Bluff, Va., battle, 323 
 Baltic, C.S.S., 360, 361, 378 
 Baltimore, Md., supplies procured 
 in, 236 
 
 Baltzell, G. F., 45 
 
 Bank of Montgomery, Ala., 82 
 
436 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Bankers, French, 73 
 Bankhead, S. P., 289 
 Bankruptcy, 10 
 
 Banks, accounts with Treasury 
 Dept., 96; conventions, 116; 
 foreign, 97; gold loans to Govt., 
 98; letters sent, 95, 100, 107; 
 letters to, 97, 101, 102, 106, 108; 
 records re, 410; St. Albans, Vt., 
 74; stock, 47; support loan 
 commrs., 105 
 
 Banner Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 199 
 
 Bannon, John, 72, 78, 81, 89, 314 
 Banon, B. B., 50 
 
 Baptist Church Hospital, Williams¬ 
 burg, Va., 203 
 
 Baptist College Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 202 
 
 Baptist Grove Hospital, Raleigh, 
 N.C., 187 
 
 Baptist Institute Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 198 
 Barbour, Alfred M., 276 
 Barker, John R., 345 
 Barker, William N., 152 
 Barks, 178 
 
 Barksdale, Ethelbert, 25, 26, 29 
 Barksdale, George A., 162 
 Barksdale, William, 415 
 Barnett, Micon & Co., 99, 233 
 Barnewall, Henry, 124 
 Barney, Charles, 244 
 Barney, Joseph N., 339, 354, 355, 
 363, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370 
 Barnsley, George S., 197 
 Barnsley, Lucien, 197 
 Barnum's Museum, New York City, 
 73 
 
 Barnwell, Robert W., 1, 2, 20, 21, 
 33 
 
 Barracks Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 203 
 
 Barrett's Point, 364 
 
 Barron, Samuel, 339, 343, 354, 
 
 355, 356, 366, 367 
 Barron, Samuel, Jr., 357, 371 
 Barry, James B., 314 
 Barry, William S., 2 
 Barton, William S., 140 
 Bartow, Francis S., 11 
 Baruch, Bernard M., 67, 70 
 Basilde, schooner, 46 
 
 Baskerville, Charles, 129 
 Bassett, Henry D., 377, 386 
 Bastrop, La., sequestration re¬ 
 ceiver at, 49 
 
 Bat , blockade-runner, 372 
 Bate, William B., 288, 415 
 Bates, Joseph, 191, 311 
 Bath Iron Works, Buffalo Forge, 
 
 Va., 246 
 
 Baton Rouge, La., French agent, 84; 
 
 held by Union troops, 221 
 Baton Rouge Arsenal, La., 218, 221, 
 222 
 
 Battaile, Frank W., 160 
 Battalions, 146, 148, 301; chaplains 
 for, 151; comdrs., 150; Confeder¬ 
 ate States, 148; Indian, 302; offi¬ 
 cers, 148; returns, 150; rolls, 
 
 145; sharpshooters, 302; Tex., 
 
 409 
 
 Batteries, 232, 419; Charleston, 284, 
 375; constructing, 204; Drewry’s 
 Bluff, 352; floating, 360, 361, 362, 
 377, 380, 386; guns supplied to, 
 384; naval : 340, 354, 364-365, 
 comdrs,, 364, gun carriages 
 supplied to, 383, midshipmen 
 trained at, 378, muster rolls, 
 
 344, 345, ordnance distributed to, 
 
 345, surgeons serve at, 349, 
 
 Yazoo City, 387; Pensacola, 353, 
 382; Tex., 409; work on, 207 
 
 Battery Brooke, Va., 364 
 Battery Buchanan, Wilmington, N. C. 
 357, 364 
 
 Battery Semmes, Va., 364 
 Battery Simkins, S.C., 285 
 Battery wagons, 220 
 Battery Wood, Va., 364 
 Battey, Robert, 183, 314 
 Battle, Cullen A,, 273 
 Battle, H. J. G., 129 
 Battle, Henry A. G., 48 
 Battle reports, 23, 150, 261, 262, 
 273, 415; Adams' brigade, 306; 
 Army of Tenn,, 288; Beauregard's 
 314; Bragg's, 316; Early's, 275; 
 Johnston's commands, 323; maps 
 for, 204; Pillow's commands, 328; 
 S.C. Art., 309; Stuart's, 276; 
 Taliaferro's commands, 332; 
 Whiting's commands, 335; Wood's 
 commands, 336 
 
INDEX 
 
 437 
 
 Battlefields, maps, 208, 336; 
 weapons retrieved from, 230; 
 wounded soldiers transported 
 from, 178 
 
 Battles, casualties, 149; chronol¬ 
 ogy, 419; naval, 338, 341, 354 
 Baughman, E. A., 402 
 Bauskett, John, 52 
 Baxley, Catherine V., 80 
 Baxter, Sydney S., 249, 250, 256 
 Baylor, John R., 30, 58, 296, 297 
 Baylor, Warner L., 194 
 Baylor University Library, 316, 330 
 Bayne, Thomas L., 215, 246, 247 
 Bayonets, 216 
 
 Bayou City , C.S.S., 363, 364 
 Beacons, Mobile Bay, 346 
 Beall, JohnY., 74, 91 
 Beall, Lloyd J., 352, 359, 361 
 Beall, William N. R., 236, 263, 
 
 415 
 
 Beard, John, 45, 105 
 Beatty, Taylor, 315 
 Beaufort, C.S.S., 345, 354, 356, 
 357 
 
 Beaufort, N.C., blockade, 83 
 Beaumont, Tex., 298 
 Beauregard, Pierre G. T., 32, 64, 
 67, 81, 269, 271, 272, 280, 283, 
 284, 285, 299, 300, 301, 314-315, 
 316, 318, 319, 323, 328, 330, 335, 
 402, 415 
 
 Beauvoir, Miss., Davis shrine, 68 
 Beckwith, John W., 315 
 Bee, Hamilton P., 289, 297, 315, 
 415 
 
 Belgian consul, 85 
 Belgium, commr. to, 72, 77, 78 
 Belknap, James T., 115, 129 
 Bell, Caspar W., 25, 27 
 Bell, H. M., 154 
 Bell, James M., 214 
 Bellamy, Marsden, 356 
 Belle Isle Military Prison, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 195, 248, 255, 257 
 Bellona Arsenal, Va., 222 
 Bellona Foundry, Va., 346 
 Bemiss, Samuel, 315 
 Benjamin, Judah P., Atty. Gen., 
 400-402; despatch to, 77, 80, 90; 
 destroys secret service records, 
 75; diary, 84; disposes of seal, 
 
 8; instruction re Great Seal, 7; 
 
 letters sent, 89; letters to, 88, 
 
 89, 153; papers, 77, 139, 339; 
 Secretary of State, 74; Secretary 
 of War, 134; writes presidential 
 messages, 63 
 Bennett, Isaac S. K., 115 
 Benning, Henry L., 275, 415 
 Beresford-Hope, A. J. B., 87 
 Berkeley, William N., 315 
 Bermuda, 73; blockade-runners 
 from, 246, 372; commercial agent 
 at, 92; mail service to, 393; ord¬ 
 nance depot, 216; shipping, 83. 
 
 See also Saint George, Bermuda 
 Bermuda , blockade-runner, 369, 372 
 Berry, William W., 105 
 Berry & Bros., 387 
 Berryville, Va., casualties at, 307 
 Betts, Alexander D., 315 
 Beverly, Constantine B., 48 
 Bienville , C.S.S., 361 
 Biggs, Asa, 50, 51 
 Bills of exchange, 361 
 Bills of sale, vessels, 124, 128, 132 
 Biographies, 303; Army officers, 
 
 146 
 
 Birge, N. A., 294 
 Birkenhead, England, 365, 366, 369 
 Birkenhead Iron Works, 350 
 Black, W. C., 121, 129 
 Blackadder, John, 385 
 Blackburn, E. E., 116 
 Blackburn, Elias E., 44 
 Blackford, Benjamin, 193 
 Blackford, Benjamin L., 273 
 Blackford, William M., 133 
 Blackie, George S., 179 
 Blackshear, Ga., 252, 258 
 Blacksmith shops, 216, 231, 383 
 Blacksmiths, 219, 238, 412 
 Blair, Francis P., Sr., 70 
 Blair, William B., 290 
 Blake, Edward D., 237, 240 
 Blakely, Ala., 267 
 Blakely gun, bursts at Charleston, 
 283 
 
 Blandford, Mark H., 30 
 Blast furnaces, 216 
 Bledsoe, Alfred T., 73, 89, 90, 134, 
 136, 137, 140 
 Block, David, 115, 125 
 Blockade of Southern coast, 83, 85, 
 87, 97, 122, 244, 293; breached 
 
438 
 
 INDEX 
 
 at: Galveston, 372, Savannah, 
 372, Wilmington, 348, 372, 373; 
 corresp. re, 81, 99; effect on: 
 foreign mail, 392, 393, priva¬ 
 teers, 338; supplies shipped 
 through, 134, 348 
 Blockade-runners, 83, 371, 384; 
 carry mail, 393; carry supplies 
 from Europe, 160, 347, 367; 
 drawings, 350; muster rolls, 
 
 344; operated by : Collie, 87, 
 Govt., 365, 372-373, Lamar, 
 
 116, Ordnance Bur., 246; pilots 
 for, 343; records re, 335, 350, 
 410; regulation, 246; signal oper¬ 
 ators serve on, 152 
 Blockading vessels, raided, 354 
 Boards of examiners, hospital 
 patients, 180 
 
 Boards of inquiry, records, 412 
 Boards of survey, 144, 151; records, 
 412; reports, 170, 207, 334, 382, 
 410 
 
 Boards to examine officers, 149 
 Boatmen, 138, 412 
 Boats, used as obstructions to nav¬ 
 igation, 160 
 
 Bocock, Thomas S., 24 
 Boggy Depot, Choctaw Nation, 
 court seat, 60 
 Boilers, 349, 350 
 Bolles, C. P., 233 
 Bolling, William N., 210 
 Bolton, James, 277 
 Bondholders, names, 120 
 Bonds, 136, 411; Army officers, 141; 
 bail, 40, 41; contractors, 410; 
 corrections, 137; cotton, 116; 
 court officials, 38, 40; courts, 
 
 41, 57; customs service, 104; 
 fidelity : 94, 102, 117, disbursing 
 officers, 102, Produce Loan 
 agents, 94, 116, receivers, 39, 
 tax assessors, 118, tax collec¬ 
 tors, 117, 118, 123, Treasury 
 Dept, employees, 95; litigants’, 
 43; loyalty, 266; penalty : 103, 
 104, 107, 117, Army officers, 103, 
 commissaries, 112, executive 
 depts., 103, naval officers, 103, 
 quartermasters, 112; State Dept., 
 82; surety : commissaries, 157, 
 depositaries, 130, 
 
 exempted agriculturalists, 241, 
 postmasters, 390, 392, quarter¬ 
 masters, 156, 157, shipowners, 
 
 83; vessels, 124, 128, 130, 131- 
 132 
 
 Bonham, Milledge L., 33, 279, 280 
 Bonham, Tex., quartermaster de¬ 
 pot, 289 
 
 Bookkeepers Division, Second Audi¬ 
 tor’s Office, 111; Third Auditor’s 
 Office, 113 
 
 Books, 79, 80; technical, 205 
 Booth, John C., 221, 223 
 Bordeaux, France, contract with 
 shipbuilder, 365 
 
 Border States, provost marshals in, 
 411 
 
 Borum, Charles, 365 
 Borum, John W., 350 
 Bossieux, Virginius, 255 
 Boston, John, 126, 127 
 Boswell, James K., 277 
 Boteler, Alexander R., 24, 25, 33 
 Botetourt County, Va., mining in, 
 346 
 
 Botts, Benjamin A., 290, 294 
 Botts, W. B., 53 
 Boudinot, Elias C., 24, 33, 214 
 Bouldin, Riggs & Walker, 292 
 Boulware, James R., 277 
 Bounties, military : 158, account, 
 
 158, claims, 103, corresp. re, 
 
 161, payments, 98, 111, 161, 162, 
 307, 308, rolls, 112, 159; naval, 
 337, 344, 357; not to be granted 
 from the Treasury, 15 
 Bourland, James A., 297 
 Bourne, John T., 74, 134 
 Bowen, John S., 261, 299, 315 
 Bowling Green, Ky., hdqrs. Cen¬ 
 tral Div. of Ky., 269; military 
 hospital, 185 
 Bowman, Robert, 49 
 Bowyer, T. M., 266 
 Boyce, William W., 25, 27, 33 
 Boyd, David F., 298 
 Boykin, Alexander H., 315 
 Boykins, Va., commissary depot, 
 
 168 
 
 Boykin’s Rangers, 315 
 Boylan, F., 273 
 Boys, 219 
 
 Bradford, William, 364 
 
INDEX 
 
 439 
 
 Bradley, Joseph C., 116 
 Bragg, Braxton, 67, 141, 259, 263, 
 265, 269, 271, 280, 286, 288, 
 
 300, 315, 316, 318, 320, 323, 
 
 328, 334, 339, 353, 415, 416 
 Bragg, Junius N., 316 
 Bragg, Thomas, 69, 400, 401, 402 
 Braine, George, 54 
 Branch, Anthony M., 33 
 Branch, Lawrence O'B., 316, 416 
 Brander, Thomas A., 416 
 Brandon, William L., 303 
 Brandon, Miss., field transporta¬ 
 tion hdqrs., 162 
 Branner, William A., 53 
 Brazos Santiago, Tex., 133 
 Breckinridge, JohnC., 64, 134, 
 
 136, 139, 261, 266, 287, 316, 416 
 Breckinridge, William C. P., 316 
 Brenizer, A. G., 224, 232 
 Brent, George L., 342 
 Brent, George W., 316 
 Brent, Joseph L., 298, 416 
 Brent, Thomas W., 339, 362, 382, 
 384 
 
 Brevard, T. W., 284 
 Brewer, Percy, 60 
 Brewer, S. B., 167, 169 
 Bribery, 84 
 Bricklayers, 225 
 Bridewell, Lemuel O., 154 
 Bridge trains, 302 
 Bridgeport, Ala., 208 
 Bridgers, Robert R., 27 
 Bridges, 336; constructing, 204; 
 
 railroad, 210; Va., 208 
 Brierfield Iron Works, 218 
 Brigades, Adams', 306; Anderson's, 
 269; appointment of officers, 145; 
 artillery. Army of the West, 299; 
 Baldwin's, 331; Beall's, 263; 
 Benning's, 275; Bonham's, 280; 
 Bowen's, 261; Branch's, 316; 
 Brent's cavalry, 298; Brown's, 
 287; Buckner's, 261; Clingman’s, 
 271; Cocke's, 280; Colquitt's, 
 
 335; Colston’s, 318; comdrs., 
 
 419; composition, 150; Conner’s, 
 275; Ferguson’s, 319; IstKy., 
 
 261, 287; 1st Mo., 288; Gary’s, 
 275; Gordon’s, 275; Green’s, 
 
 299; Gregg’s, 263, 321; Grimes’, 
 275; Hampton’s, 275; Hood's 
 
 Texas, 279, 319; Indian, 296; 
 Jackson’s, 270, 322; Kershaw's, 
 275; Mahone's, 275; Maney's, 326; 
 Maxey's, 263; Morgan’s, 327; of¬ 
 ficers, 409; orders, 66; personnel, 
 410; Pickett's, 328; returns, 150; 
 Rosser's, 276; Sears', 331; 2d 
 Ala., 288; Steuart's, 276; surgeons 
 assigned to, 172; Tenn., 261; 
 Walker's, 334; Zollicoffer's, 261, 
 266, 267 
 
 Bright, Robert A., 278 
 Bringier, Louis A., 316 
 Bristol, Tenn., conscription office, 
 242; medical director of hospitals, 
 172 
 
 British consuls, 84; Charleston, 
 
 S.C., 81; corresp. re, 79; expul¬ 
 sion from Confederacy, 84, 85; 
 reports, 85 
 
 British firms, corresp., 366 
 British Government, claims against 
 by U.S. Govt., 80; negotiations 
 with, 87; prevents sale of iron¬ 
 clad, 365; seizes steamer, 365; 
 surrender of Shenandoah to, 371 
 British merchants, claims, 83 
 British naval vessels, 410 
 British Navy, purchases ironclads, 
 366 
 
 British ports, admission of prize 
 vessels, 81 
 
 British shipyards, corresp., 366 
 British steamers, 83 
 British subjects, 411 
 Broadsides, 6, 67 
 Broadwell, J. P., 292 
 Broadwell, W. A., 121, 129, 290, 
 
 292 
 
 Brockenbrough, J. B., 155 
 Brockenbrough, John W., 57 
 Brodnax, John G., 195 
 Bromwell, William J., 72, 75, 76, 
 
 81, 82 
 
 Bronough, John M., 316 
 Brook Hospital, Richmond, Va., 203 
 Brooke, George M., Jr., 347 
 Brooke, Henry L., 57 
 Brooke, Henry St. George T., 379, 
 381 
 
 Brooke, John M., 217, 231, 339, 345, 
 346, 347, 349, 360, 378, 385, 403 
 Brooke, Walker, 11, 61 
 
440 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Brookhaven, Miss., camp of in¬ 
 struction, 241 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 89 
 Brooksville, Miss., military hos¬ 
 pital, 185 
 
 Broun, William Leroy, 224, 231 
 Brown, A. H., 285 
 Brown, Albert G., 20, 21, 22 
 Brown, Campbell, 278, 416 
 Brown, H. M. U. C., 60 
 Brown, Isaac N., 387 
 Brown, J. Wilcox, 231 
 Brown, James, 348 
 Brown, James M., 44 
 Brown, John, 121 
 Brown, JohnC., 287, 416 
 Brown, John T., 316 
 Brown, Joseph E., 70, 85, 232, 
 
 416 
 
 Brown, Thomas W., 50 
 Browne, William M., 63, 72, 74, 
 79, 81, 90, 240 
 
 Browne, William P., 345, 348, 
 
 377, 378, 386 
 Brownlow, John B., 416 
 Brownrigg, John, 264 
 Brown’s Island, Richmond, Va., 
 site of laboratory, 230 
 Brownsville, Tex., cotton agency, 
 294; district court seat, 53, 54, 
 56; postmaster, 90; Quintero’s 
 despatches from, 79 
 Bruce, Horatio W., 26, 28, 31 
 Bruen, C. T., 135 
 Brunswick, Ga., blockade, 83 
 Bryan, George D., 369 
 Bryan, Guy M., 293 
 Bryan, Henry, 300 
 Bryan, James A., 272 
 Buchanan, Franklin, 339, 342, 343, 
 354, 355, 360, 361, 385, 386 
 Buck, Irving A., 288 
 Buckley, B. C., 49 
 Buckner, Simon B., 261, 265, 266, 
 267, 269, 298, 317 
 Buffalo and Erie County Historical 
 Society, 305, 309, 376 
 Buffalo Forge, Va., 246 
 Buford, Jefferson, 43 
 Building materials, 228 
 Buildings, Army, 153; claims re, 
 
 84; Dept, of Richmond, 281; 
 
 Govt.: 94, 413, construction. 
 
 160, rent, 98, 102, 160, returned 
 to owners, 40. See also Public 
 buildings 
 
 Buildings, Joint Committee on, 16 
 Bull Run, Va., 247, 252, 254 
 Bullets, manufacture, 244, 380 
 Bullion, 101, 117, 123, 130 
 Bulloch, James D., 87, 89, 339, 
 
 365, 366, 367, 370, 372 
 Bunch, Randolph, 214 
 Bunting, Robert F., 317 
 Bureau of the Auditor, Treasury 
 Agent for the Trans-Mississippi 
 West, 120, 121 
 
 Bureau of the Comptroller, Treas¬ 
 ury Agent for the Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi West, 120 
 Burgwynn, William H. S., 317 
 Burials, 158; Andersonville, 251; 
 naval personnel, 349; prisoners 
 of war, 248; records re, 412. 
 
 See also Cemeteries 
 Burk, Edward A., 164 
 Burleston County, Tex., 53 
 Burley, Bennett G., 74 
 Burnett, Henry C., 20, 21 
 Burnett, Theodore L., 25 
 Burnham, John J., 300 
 Burnside, Ambrose E., 249 
 Burt, E. R., 105 
 Burton, J. B., 154 
 Burton, James H., 224, 225, 226, 
 230 
 
 Burwell, Blair, 277 
 Bush’s Bluff, 364 
 Bushwhackers, 411 
 Business firms, accounts with 
 Treasury Dept., 96; corresp., 
 169, 180, 363; Cuba, 83; letters 
 sent, 95, 107, 156, 228, 389; let¬ 
 ters to, 80, 97, 137, 156, 219, 
 
 220, 227, 228, 229, 232, 292, 
 
 385; records re, 410; Richmond, 
 Va., 118; South America, 83; sub¬ 
 scribe to Govt, loans, 107; tax on, 
 117; telegrams to, 97. See also 
 Companies, Corporations 
 Butler, Renley S., 285 
 Byrd Island, Richmond, Va., 230 
 
 Cabaniss, E. G., 117 
 Cabell, James L., 191, 416 
 Cabell, William L., 280, 293 
 
INDEX 
 
 441 
 
 Cabinet, appointments to, 65, 69; 
 corresp., 68; escape to Char¬ 
 lotte, 140; flight to South, 69, 
 
 342; leaves Richmond, 64, 135; 
 letters sent, 13, 103; letters to, 
 67, 95; meetings, 64, 65, 342, 
 402; minutes not kept, 69; oaths 
 of office, 82; room, 62; service 
 in Congress, 10. See also Exec¬ 
 utive departments and names of 
 departments 
 Caddo Parish, La., 291 
 Cadets, appointment, 149, 150 
 Cadiz, Spain, Sumter at, 83 
 Cahaba, Ala., asst, commr. of 
 exchange, 234; military prison, 
 252; prisoners moved to Savan¬ 
 nah, 258; surgeon, 332 
 Caissons, 216, 220 
 Calais, France, 367, 368, 371 
 Calcasieu Parish, La., 295 
 Caldwell, G. W., 130 
 Caldwell, John W., 52 
 Caldwell, Joseph W., 57 
 Calhoun, James C., 229 
 Calhoun, James L., 96, 153, 258 
 Calhoun, Ga., camp of instruction, 
 241 
 
 California, U.S. forces from 
 occupy Ariz. Terr., 59 
 Call certificates, 101, 104, 108, 120, 
 125, 128 
 
 Callahan, Samuel B., 24 
 Calloway, James, 50 
 Camden, Ark., depositary at, 121 
 Camden Arsenal, Ark., 289 
 Cammell Laird & Co., Birkenhead, 
 England, 372 
 Camp Asylum, S. C., 253 
 Camp Beach Grove, Ky., 267 
 Camp Beall, Drewry’s Bluff, Va., 
 352, 353 
 
 Camp Benjamin, La., 330 
 Camp Cooper (Macon), Ga., camp 
 of instruction, 241, 358 
 Camp Cooper, Tex., 314 
 Camp Direction, Tenn., 235 
 Camp Douglas, Ill., 73, 90 
 Camp Drayton, 327 
 Camp equipage, 158, 187 
 Camp Finegan, Fla., 284 
 Camp Ford, Tex., 291, 296 
 Camp Freemont, 160 
 
 Camp Groce, Tex., 291, 296 
 Camp Hill, N. C., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241 
 
 Camp Holmes, N. C., camp of in¬ 
 struction, 238, 241, 242, 272 
 Camp Jackson, Va., hospital, 191 
 Camp Lawton, Ga., military prison, 
 248, 250, 252; quartermaster de¬ 
 pot, 154 
 
 Camp Lee, Va., 318; corresp. re, 
 241; discharged prisoners at, 234; 
 parole camp, 235; quartermaster 
 accounts, 238 
 
 Camp Lee Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 195 
 
 Camp Lewis, La., 264 
 Camp Lewis, Va., 235 
 Camp Nicholls Hospital, Lynchburg, 
 Va., 194 
 
 Camp Oglethorpe, Ga., 254 
 Camp Randolph (Decatur), Ga., 
 camp of instruction, 241 
 Camp Simkins Hospital, Fla., 182 
 Camp Sorghum, S.C., 253 
 Camp Stokes, N. C., 241 
 Camp Sumter, Ga., 251 
 Camp Utley, 160 
 Camp Vance, N. C., 241, 242 
 Camp Watts, Ala., 241 
 Campaigns, 408-409; maps, 208 
 Campbell, Albert H., 205, 207, 273, 
 274 
 
 Campbell, Given, 69 
 Campbell, Isaac, 88 
 Campbell, John A., 70, 71, 86, 135, 
 137, 139, 236, 239 
 Campbell, Josiah A. P., 11, 33 
 Campbell, Richard L., 105 
 Campbell, Robert B., 73 
 Campbell, T. J., 53 
 Campbell, Thomas H., 57 
 Campbell, William P. A., 367 
 Camps, Indian, 212 
 Camps of instruction, 237, 238; 
 deserters delivered to, 239; 
 establishment, 240; Georgia, 358; 
 inspection reports on, 239; loca¬ 
 tions, 241 
 
 Canada, Confederate agents in, 73, 
 77, 87, 90; Confederate opera¬ 
 tions in, 90-91; escaped Confed¬ 
 erates in, 81; letters from agents 
 in, 90-91; mail service to, 393; 
 
442 
 
 INDEX 
 
 suggestions re raids from, 150 
 Canadian River, Reserve Indians 
 near, 212 
 
 Canal companies, 382 
 Canalboats, 410 
 Canby, Edward R. S., 293 
 Canceling Division, First Auditor’s 
 Office, 108, 109 
 Cannon, Henry A., 234 
 Cantwell, John L., 50, 416 
 Canty Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 patients, 177 
 
 Cape Fear (N. C.) judicial division, 
 50, 51 
 
 Cape Fear River, N. C., 356; 
 
 Whiting commands, 335 
 Cape Hatteras, 368 
 Cape of Good Hope, 367, 368 
 Capers, Ellison, 317, 416 
 Capers, Henry D., 94 
 Caperton, Allen T., 20, 23 
 Capes of Delaware, 368 
 Caps, 223; boxes, 222; manufac¬ 
 ture, 380. See also Percussion 
 caps 
 
 Capston, James L., 72, 78, 89 
 Cardenas, Cuba, Florida in, 110 
 Cargo manifests, 122, 218, 410; 
 Charleston, 131, 132; Mobile, 
 
 123; New Orleans, 127; Savannah, 
 127 
 
 Caribbean, 367 
 
 Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 
 
 397 
 
 Carondelet , C.S.S., 361 
 Carpenter shops, 218, 232 
 Carpenters, 225, 412 
 Carr, Charles E., 276, 291, 293, 
 416 
 
 Carriagemakers, 219 
 Carrington, Isaac H., 249, 250, 257, 
 281, 282 
 
 Carrington, Leonidas D., 317 
 Carrington, William A,, 172, 173, 
 175 
 
 Carrington, William F., 378 
 Carroll, William H., 416 
 Carroll County, Va., 244 
 Carson, J. H., 50 
 Carter, David M., 317 
 Carter, Jonathan H., 339, 362, 
 
 386 
 
 Carter, Robert R., 365, 372 
 
 Carter, William F., 339, 367, 368 
 Carter, William R., 317 
 Cartographic records, 207-209. 
 
 See also Charts, Maps 
 Cartridges, 218, 220, 223, 224, 228, 
 230; bags, 221; boxes, 222 
 Cary, Clarence, 339, 369, 370 
 Cary, J. B., 161, 162 
 Cary, John B., 280 
 Cary, R. Milton, 222, 272 
 Case, Chester N., 55 
 Cassidy, J. L. & Sons, 387 
 Castle Godwin, Richmond, Va., 281 
 Castle Lightning, Richmond, Va., 
 
 281 
 
 Castle Pinckney, Charleston Harbor, 
 S. C., 252, 253 
 
 Castle Thunder Prison, Richmond, 
 Va., 27, 255, 281, 282 
 Castle Thunder Prison Hospital, 
 Richmond, Va., 199 
 Castleman, John B., 73, 90 
 Casualties, 145, 419; Army of Tenn., 
 288; Ball's Bluff, 323; Hood’s 
 commands, 279, 322; Ky. Brigade, 
 261; lists, 233, 304, 405; Miss. 
 
 Inf., 307; Morgan’s cavalry, 332; 
 records re, 412; reports, 412; 
 returns of, 148, 149, 272; S.C. 
 Volunteers, 277; Taliaferro’s 
 commands, 332; Va. Inf., 312 
 Cate, RoscoeS., 214, 215 
 Catholic Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 203 
 
 Cattle, obtained from Tex. and La., 
 167; transportation, 160 
 Cavallo, 55 
 
 Cavalry, arms, 230; Army of the 
 Peninsula, 280; Army of Tenn., 
 287; Dept, of Ala., Miss., and 
 E. La., 324; Dist. of W. La., 
 
 298; Miss., 264; Morgan’s, 409; 
 saddles, 222; Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 292; Van Dorn commands, 333 
 Cavalry battalions, 148; Georgia : 
 
 24th, 305; Mississippi: 3d, 307; 
 Tennessee : 5th, 310, 16th, 328 
 Cavalry corps. Army of N. Va., 
 
 279; Forrest’s, 317; Jackson’s, 
 
 322; Stuart’s, 275 
 Cavalry divisions, Dist. of Ark., 
 
 329 
 
 Cavalry officers, Army of the 
 
INDEX 
 
 443 
 
 Miss., 319; Army of Tenn., 319; 
 Morgan, 327 
 
 Cavalry organizations, rolls, 145 
 Cavalry regiments, 406; Georgia : 
 5th, 314, 62d, 271; Kentucky : 
 
 5th, 332, 9th, 316; Louisiana: 
 
 2d, 306, 4th, 316, 7th, 316; 
 Maryland : 2d, 320; Mississippi: 
 Wirt Adams, 307; North Caro ¬ 
 lina : 2d, 315, 3d, 334; Powers’ 
 La. and Miss., 331; Regular 
 Army, 302; South Carolina : 3d, 
 309, 4th, 326; Texas: Bourland’s, 
 297, 1st, 3U, 2d, 297, 6th, 330, 
 7th, 332, 9th, 330; Virginia: 1st, 
 311, 2d, 327, 3d, 317, 4th, 311, 
 
 5th, 276, 311, 6th, 276, 311, 7th, 
 
 276, 14th, 311, 36th, 312 
 Cawood, Charles H., 152 
 Cemeteries, 248, 249 
 Censorship, 37 
 
 Census, not taken by Confederate 
 Govt., 15 
 
 Central Army of Kentucky, 269; 
 Buckner comdr., 317; orders, 
 
 261; records re, 316 
 Central Division of Kentucky, 269 
 Cevor, Charles, 205 
 Chaffin’s Bluff, Va., 364 
 Chains, Stanford E., 184, 416 
 Cha-lah-ki judicial district, Cher¬ 
 okee Nation, 60 
 Chalaron, J. A., 339 
 Chalkley, O. H., 231 
 Chalmers, James R., 317, 416 
 Chamberlayne, John Hampden, 279 
 Chambers, Henry C., 28 
 Chambliss, John R., 28 
 Chambliss, Nathaniel R., 222, 232 
 Chameleon, blockade-runner, 372 
 Champneys, John T., 270, 285, 
 
 301 
 
 Chancery cases, Ala., 43; Va., 57 
 Chandler, Gray A., 125 
 Chandler, Zachariah, 76 
 Chaplains, 147, 233, 314, 324; 
 appointment, 151; records re, 
 
 409; rosters, 151; serve at: 
 Demopolis, 315, Kittrell’s 
 Springs, 272, Wilson, 272; 
 serve with: Army of N. Va., 
 
 277, Miss. Light Art., 326, 
 
 N.C. Inf., 315, 328, Tenn. Inf., 
 
 289, Terry’s Texas Rangers, 317, 
 Tex. Vols., 319 
 Chapman, Alfred, 136 
 Chapman, Robert T., 8 
 Charcoal, 245; furnace, 220; manu¬ 
 facture, 243 
 Charles, H. L., 132 
 Charles City, Va., enrolling officer, 
 240 
 
 Charleston, S. C., 165, 217; Asst. 
 Treasurer, 119, 122, 123, 226; at¬ 
 tempt of Georgm^ to run into, 368; 
 battery, 364; Beauregard com¬ 
 mands at, 314; blockade, 83; 
 board of loan commrs. at, 105; 
 chief commissary at, 168; coal to 
 be delivered at, 348; consuls at, 
 
 81, 84; cotton exports, 104, 132; 
 cruise of Nashville from, 367; 
 customs collectors, 122, 131, 132; 
 defenses, 284; district court, 51, 
 52, 132; Engineer Bur. workshop, 
 205; engineer office, 283, 285; 
 evacuation, 357; fall of, 381; First 
 Louisiana Hospital, 189; general 
 orders printed in, 144; gun bursts 
 at, 283; hdqrs. Dept, of S. C., 
 
 Ga., and Fla., 282; interest pay¬ 
 ments at, 107; marine hospital, 
 123; martial law in, 260; medical 
 depot, 178; medical director of 
 hospitals, 172; Melton at, 326; 
 merchants, 81; military hdqrs., 
 359; military prisons, 250, 252- 
 253, 254, 258; naval hospital, 349; 
 naval storehouse, 347; Pettigrew 
 at, 328; pharmaceutical labora¬ 
 tory, 178; Produce Loan agent, 
 
 115; provost marshal, 285; quar¬ 
 termaster depot, 153, 154; quar¬ 
 termasters, 153, 284, 335; reve¬ 
 nue cutter at, 123; shipments to, 
 374; shipping, 83, 130-131; Sol¬ 
 diers’ Relief Hospital, 189; 
 steamers constructed at, 376; 
 steamship service to, 216; tele¬ 
 graph operators, 284; torpedo 
 plant, 205; transfers to, 345 
 Charleston, W. Va., 57 
 Charleston. C.S.S., 357 
 Charleston Arsenal, S.C., 218, 222, 
 223 
 
 Charleston Harbor, S. C., 
 
444 
 
 INDEX 
 
 defense, 357; defenses, 222, 
 
 285; enemy activity in, 284 
 Charleston Library Society, 314 
 Charleston Naval Station, S. C., 
 
 375; Graves serves at, 353; 
 marine guard, 352; records re, 
 340, 344; Rochelle serves at, 
 
 358; wheat supply, 347 
 Charleston Squadron, 340, 344, 
 357-358; guns supplied to, 384; 
 letters sent, 359 
 Charlotte, N.C., AIGO records 
 surrendered at, 140; cabinet 
 escapes to, 140; cabinet meetings 
 at, 64; commissary depot, 168; 
 cotton agent, 115; distillery, 178; 
 general hospital, 186; Maury at, 
 371; medical depot, 178; mint, 
 
 122, 123, 130; naval hospital, 
 
 349; naval storekeeper, 357; 
 pharmaceutical laboratory, 178; 
 prisoners transferred to, 250, 
 253; Post Office Dept, records 
 shipped to, 388; records shipped 
 from, 165; State Dept, records 
 deposited at, 75; sulphuric acid 
 works, 244 
 
 Charlotte Naval Station, N. C., 340, 
 345, 375; letters sent, 385; 
 marine guard, 352 
 Charlotte Navy Yard, Navy Dept, 
 records at, 338 
 
 Charlottesville, Va., commissary 
 depot, 168; Delevan Hospital, 
 
 191; general hospital, 191; mili¬ 
 tary hospitals, 175; War Dept, 
 records taken to, 135, 136 
 Charlton, Thomas J., 367, 370 
 Charters, ship, 410 
 Charts, drafting, 346; Mobile Bay, 
 346; procurement, 346 
 Chatham Artillery, Savannah, Ga,, 
 301, 305 
 
 Chattahoochee River, 282, 375 
 Chattahoochee, C.S.S., 383, 384 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., 265; army 
 hdqrs., 288; Army of the Miss, 
 transferred to, 269; coal mining 
 around, 243; comdr., 326; de¬ 
 positary, 133; Foard Hospital, 
 190; medical purveyor at, 175, 
 178; Newsom Hospital, 190; 
 parole camp, 235; post surgeon. 
 
 176, 177; Smallpox Hospital, 190; 
 Stout at, 175 
 
 Cheatham, Benjamin F., 318 
 Chemicals, patents, 402 
 Chemists, 243, 245 
 Cheraw, S.C., depositary, 132 
 Cherbourg, France, 367 
 Cherokee Indians, 295; agent to, 212; 
 delegate in Congress, 24; judicial 
 district for, 60; location, 210; 
 military organizations, 302; re¬ 
 cords, 214 
 
 Cherokee Mounted Rifles, 409 
 Cherokee Nation, 61; Union expedi¬ 
 tion into, 214; U. S. occupation, 
 
 211 
 
 Cherokee Town, Indian Terr., 
 grand council at, 214 
 Chesapeake, 73 
 
 Chesnut, James, Jr., 2, 11, 33, 63, 
 69, 303, 310 
 
 Chester, S.C., Asst. Treasurer at, 
 122; Confederate records aban¬ 
 doned at, 3, 400; congressional 
 records recovered at, 17; Post 
 Office Dept, records stored in, 
 
 388 
 
 Chesterfield County, Va., 222 
 Chew, Francis T., 367, 371 
 Cheyenne Indians, agency records, 
 214 
 
 Chicago Historical Society, papers 
 of Army officers : Forney, 264, 
 Johnston, 270, Lee, 274, Stuart, 
 276; papers of officials : Breckin¬ 
 ridge, 139, Davis, 67, 68, Seddon, 
 139; records held by : military or¬ 
 der book, 282, orders of paroled 
 prisoners hdqrs., 236, StateDept. 
 account book, 83 
 
 Chicago University Library, Quintard 
 papers, 289 
 
 Chickamauga, Ga., 252, 353 
 Chickamauga, C.S.S., 352, 368, 
 
 369, 370 
 
 Chickasaw Indians, 295; agent to, 
 
 212; Cherokee flee to, 211; dele¬ 
 gate in Congress, 24, 81; judicial 
 district, 60; location, 210; mili¬ 
 tary organizations, 302; records, 
 214 
 
 Chicora , C.S.S., 357 
 
 Chief clerks. Appointment Bur., 
 
INDEX 
 
 445 
 
 Post Office Dept., 391; Chief 
 Constructor's Office, 350; 
 
 Commr. of Taxes, 117; First Au¬ 
 ditor’s Office, 108; Justice 
 Dept., 400; Lighthouse Bur., 114; 
 Navy Dept., 337, 342; Ordnance 
 and Hydrography Office, 345; 
 Patent Office, 402; Post Office 
 Dept., 388, 389, 396; Produce 
 Loan Office, 115; Second Auditor’s 
 Office, 111; State Dept., 72; 
 
 Third Auditor’s Office, 113; 
 Treasurer’s Office, 100; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept., 94, 95, 99, 106 
 Chief Constructor, Navy Depart¬ 
 ment, 337, 350-351 
 Chief Engineer, 205 
 Chief Medical Purveyor, 178; con¬ 
 tracts, 103 
 
 Chief of Ordnance, letters sent, 
 
 228, 232; letters to, 219, 220, 
 
 224, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232 
 Chihuahua, Mexico, Quintero’s 
 despatches from, 79 
 Childs, Frederick L., 222, 223 
 Chiles, John, 297 
 Chilton, Robert H., 140, 275 
 Chilton, William P., 1, 11, 24, 25, 
 27, 29 
 
 Chimborazo General Hospital, 
 Richmond, Va., 31, 196-197 
 Chisholm, Alexander R., 318 
 Chisman, Samuel R., 162 
 Chisolm, William G., 33 
 Choctaw Indians, 295; agent to, 212; 
 delegate in Congress, 24, 81; 
 judicial district, 60; location, 
 
 210; military organizations, 302; 
 records, 214 
 
 Choctaw Nation, Cherokee flee to, 
 
 211 
 
 Choctawhatchee River, 282 
 Chrisman, James S., 26 
 Churches, bells, 244; donations to 
 the Govt., 98; subscribe to Govt, 
 loans, 107 
 
 Churchill, Benjamin P., 73 
 Churchill, Thomas J., 291, 292, 
 
 295, 416 
 
 Churchwell, William M., 266 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, 67 
 Ciphers, 333 
 
 Cities, conscription in, 239; 
 
 general hospitals in, 172; maps, 
 208; provost marshals at, 260 
 Citizens, donations to Govt., 98; 
 exchange, 234; judicial cases in¬ 
 volving, 37; letters sent, 100; 
 obtain subscriptions to produce 
 loan, 115; records re, 410, 411, 
 
 412; to report re confiscable pro¬ 
 perty, 39. See also Individuals 
 Citizenship, British, 85; declara¬ 
 tion of, 37; S. C., 52 
 City of Richmond, blockade-runner, 
 372, 373 
 
 City Point, Va., burials at, 248; 
 negotiations at, 70; prisoner ex¬ 
 change point, 234, 250, 257 
 Civil cases, Ariz. Terr., 59; La., 
 48; N.C., 51; Va., 57 
 Civil engineering, patents, 402 
 Civil engineers, employed by the 
 Engineer Bureau, 205 
 Civil jurisdiction, in occupied areas, 
 143 
 
 Civilian employees, 260; appoint¬ 
 ments, 13, 63; Ariz. Terr., 59; 
 Army, 142, 159; Asheville Armory, 
 219; Atlanta Arsenal, 220, 229; 
 Commr. of Taxes Office, 118; 
 commissions, 8, 81, 82; Comp¬ 
 troller’s Office, 102, 103; con¬ 
 scription service in Miss., 242; 
 Corps of Engineers, 207; customs 
 service, 104; Dept, of Richmond, 
 282; departmental, 108; Engineer 
 Bur., 206; First Auditor’s Office, 
 110; foreign service, 82; form 
 Richmond defense brigade, 63; 
 Govt., 412; general hospitals : 
 Farmville, 193, Richmond, 196, 
 
 197, 200, 201, 202; hospitals, 203, 
 257; Justice Dept., 401; Lighthouse 
 Bur., 114; Macon Armory, 225; 
 Macon Central Laboratory, 228; 
 military hospitals, 176, 188, 191; 
 Military Telegraph Lines, 99, 
 
 397; Nashville Arsenal, 229; 
 naval stations : 373, 3'74, Char¬ 
 lotte, 375, Mobile, 378; navy 
 yards, 98, 110, 381; ordnance es¬ 
 tablishments, 218; payments to, 
 
 110; payrolls, 412; Post Office 
 Dept., 390, 392, 394; quartermas¬ 
 ters, 267, 268, 294; records re, 
 
446 
 
 INDEX 
 
 411, 412; Register’s Office, 107; 
 removal, 63; Richmond Arsenal, 
 231; Savannah Ordnance Depot, 
 232; Savannah signal office, 286; 
 Subsistence Bur., Trans-Miss. 
 Dept., 294; Third Auditor’s Of¬ 
 fice, 113; Treasurer’s Office, 
 
 100; Treasury Dept., 94, 95, 96, 
 97, 410; Treasury Note Bur., 
 
 120; War Dept., 409. See also 
 Chief Clerks, Clerks, Clerks of 
 court. Disbursing officers. Pay¬ 
 rolls, Personnel records 
 Claghorn, Josephs., 305 
 Claiborne, Henry B., 366 
 Claiborne, Herbert A., 170 
 Claiborne, James W., 277 
 Claiborne, John H., 194 
 Claiborne, Thomas, 416 
 Claimants, letters to, 156; loyalty 
 investigation, 414; names, 160 
 Claims, 103, 113, 161; against 
 Treasury Dept., 95, 96; against 
 U.S. Govt., 121; animals. 111, 153; 
 Army supplies, 121; Attorney Gen. 
 and, 400, 401; Auditor’s reports, 
 410; British merchants, 83; 
 deceased soldiers, 93, 102, 103, 
 111, 112, 113; destruction of ships, 
 85; equipment, 112, 113; filed in 
 the State Dept., 74; Ga., 46; 
 horses. 111, 112, 113; letters re, 
 80, 94, 137, 156; mail contrac¬ 
 tors, 395; military personnel, 
 
 112; pay, 113; postal services, 
 
 108; postmasters, 388, 390; pro¬ 
 perty, 84, 153, 410, 411; quarter¬ 
 master supplies, 160; slave hire, 
 113; slaves, 120, 155, 410; South¬ 
 erners, 75, 404; States, 112; 
 supplies. 111, 112, 411; Trans- 
 Mississippi West, 120; wagons, 
 111; Yazoo River defense materi¬ 
 als, 129 
 
 Claims, House Special Committee 
 on the Payment of, 29 
 Claims, House Standing Committee 
 on, 24 
 
 Claims, Senate Standing Committee 
 on, 20 
 
 Claims, Standing Committee on, 11 
 Claims Against the Confederate 
 Government, House Select Com¬ 
 
 mittee on State, 30 
 Claims commissioners, 63 
 Claims Commissioners, Board of, 
 established, 61, 400. See also 
 War claims commission 
 Claims Division, Second Auditor’s 
 Office, 111, 113 
 
 Claims of Deceased Soldiers Divi¬ 
 sion, Second Auditor’s Office, 111 
 Clapp, J. W., 26, 27, 28, 115, 129 
 Clarence , C.S.S., 368 
 Clark, Charles, 261, 270, 318 
 Clark, Edward, 81, 318 
 Clark, John B., 20, 31 
 Clark, Lewis M., 318 
 Clark, MicajahH., 62, 64, 100, 101 
 Clark, M. L., 299 
 Clark, Robert A., 49 
 Clark, William W., 26, 27, 28 
 Clarke, Colin D., 280 
 Clarke, George W., 295 
 Clarke, Maxwell T., 383 
 Clarke, William J., 318 
 Clarksburg, W. Va., 57 
 Clarksville Ordnance Harness Shops, 
 Va., 222, 231 
 
 Clay, Clemente., 20, 21, 33, 73, 
 
 75, 79, 86, 87, 90 
 Clay, Hugh L., 140 
 Clayton, Alexander M., 2, 11 
 Clayton, Henry D., 318 
 Clayton, Philip, 94 
 Clayton, Philip A., 46, 49 
 Cleary, William W., 113 
 Cleburne, Patrick R., 287, 288, 289 
 Clements, Benjamin N., 391, 396 
 Clements, Jesse B., 52 
 Clemson, Thomas G., 245, 290 
 Clemson College Library, Clemson 
 papers, 245 
 
 Clerk of the House of Representa¬ 
 tives, corresp., 32 
 Clerks, military organizations, 110; 
 Navy Dept., 337; Produce Loan 
 Office, 116; Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral’s Office, 157; records re, 
 
 412; Second Auditor’s Office, 113; 
 Third Auditor’s Office, 113; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept., 97; War Dept., 136 
 Clerks of court, 38; accounts, 52; 
 Ala., 42; Ariz. Terr., 58; bills, 
 40; duties, 38, 39; Fla., 44, 45; 
 Ga., 46; Indian judicial district, 60; 
 
INDEX 
 
 447 
 
 letters re copyrights, 84; letters 
 to, 106; N. C., 50; Tenn., 52; 
 Tex., 53; Va., 56, 57 
 Clerks’ Pay, House Special Com¬ 
 mittee on Increase of, 28 
 Cleveland, Tenn., 241; rolling 
 mills, 243 
 
 Clingman, Thomas L., 271, 318 
 
 Clinton, La., 49 
 
 Clitherall, Alexander B., 4, 62, 
 
 106 
 
 Clopton, David, 25, 27, 30, 31 
 Clopton Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 198 
 
 Cloth, purchased by the Navy, 347 
 Clothing, 381; accounts, 161, 201, 
 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 
 309, 310, 311, 312; Army, 30, 
 
 139, 158, 187, 188, 192, 198, 279, 
 311; Confederate prisoners, 236; 
 hospital, 171, 179, 181, 191, 192, 
 196, 197, 200; issued to slaves, 
 160; manufacture, 22, 289; 
 Marine Corps, 352; Navy, 98, 
 
 110, 339, 344, 347, 348, 356, 
 
 357, 358, 359, 360; rolls, 159, 
 412; soldiers, 103, 113, 162, 226- 
 227 
 
 Clothing Bureau, Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Department, 297 
 Clute, Charles C., 397 
 Clyde River, Scotland, 365, 368 
 Coal, 363, 385, 386; contractor, 
 377; contracts for, 348; depot, 
 379; procured for the Navy, 343, 
 345, 347, 348, 361, 374, 378 
 Coal companies, 410 
 Coal mining, 243, 345, 346, 382 
 Coast survey, 123 
 
 Coasts, evaporating basins on, 168; 
 naval defense of, 354; signal 
 operators on, 152 
 Cobb, Howell, 2, 9, 12, 24, 33, 
 
 233, 235, 303, 305 
 Cobb, Thomas R. R., 2, 4, 11, 33 
 Cobb, Williamson R. W., 29 
 Cocke, Philip St. G., 280 
 Cockrell, Francis M., 299 
 Cockrill, Sterling, 53 
 Cofer, Thomas W., 403 
 Coinage, 10 
 
 Coins, 117, 123, 130; designs, 94; 
 held by mints, 101; procure¬ 
 
 ment, 100 
 
 Coke, John A., 241, 243 
 Colcock, William F., 131 
 Coldwell, J. T., 397 
 Cole, A. H., 156, 162, 163 
 Coleman, Daniel M., 50 
 Coleman, William D., 399 
 Coleman, William M., 50 
 Collecting Division, Third Auditor’s 
 Office, 113 
 
 College Hospital, Goldsboro, 187 
 Collie, Alexander, 87 
 Collie, Alexander and Company, 246 
 Collier, Charles F., 26, 27 
 Collier, James W., 49 
 Colorado County, Tex., 53 
 Colorado Springs, Colo., 68 
 Colquitt, Alfred H., 335 
 Colston, Raleigh E., 318, 416 
 Coltart, Robert W., 42 
 Columbia, S. C., Asst. Treasurer 
 at, 122; attacked by Sherman, 119; 
 camp of instruction, 241, 253; 
 chemist at, 245; commandant of 
 conscripts, 242; commissary, 
 
 285; district court seat, 51, 52; 
 fire in, 52, 99; general orders 
 printed in, 144; medical purveyor, 
 178; Melton at, 326; military 
 prisons, 253; niter and mining 
 dist. hdqrs., 244; pharmaceutical 
 laboratory, 178; powder works 
 moved to, 382; printing establish¬ 
 ments moved to, 119; quartermas¬ 
 ter, 285; Second North Carolina 
 Hospital, 189; Treasury Note Bur. 
 at, 119, 132; Wayside Hospital, 189 
 Columbia Arsenal, S.C., 219, 222, 
 224 
 
 Columbia Naval Powder Works, 
 
 S.C., 345, 347, 375 
 Columbia University, Business Li¬ 
 brary, account book of Barksdale, 
 162 
 
 Columbia University Library, 
 Beauregard papers, 314; White 
 papers, 335 
 
 Columbus, Ga., chief commissary 
 at, 168; depositary, 126; naval 
 ordnance works, 345; parole 
 camp, 235; quartermaster, 286; 
 quartermaster depot, 153, 154; 
 Stout at, 175, 176; Walker General 
 
448 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Hospital, 183 
 
 Columbus, Ky., ordnance officer, 
 270; postmaster, 395 
 Columbus, Miss., 217; depositary, 
 129; military commission at, 
 
 300; Produce Loan agent, 115; 
 quartermaster depot, 154 
 Columbus Arsenal, Ga., 219, 222- 
 223 
 
 Columbus Arsenal, Miss., 223 
 Columbus Ironworks, Ga., 375 
 Columbus Museum of Arts and 
 Crafts, Inc., 376 
 Columbus Naval Iron Works, Ga., 
 226, 340, 359, 375-376 
 Comanche Indians, agency records, 
 214; agent to, 212; location, 210; 
 treaty with, 215 
 
 Commandants of conscripts, 237; 
 appointments, 240; corresp., 
 
 239; Miss., 242; N. C., 219; 
 
 S.C., 242; Shreveport, 294; 
 Trans-Miss. Dept., 290; Va., 
 238, 242 
 
 Commerce, 341; foreign, 97; pro¬ 
 motion, 72; regulation, 10, 15; 
 returns on, 122 
 
 Commerce, House Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 24 
 
 Commerce, Senate Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 20 
 
 Commercial Affairs, Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 10 
 
 Commercial agents, 92, 134; ac¬ 
 counts, 82; appointments, 68; des¬ 
 patches from, 78, 79; expenses, 
 82, 83; Havana, 74; instructions 
 to, 78; Ireland, 72; Matamoras, 
 73; Nassau, 74; Saint George, 
 Bermuda, 74; Vera Cruz, 73 
 Commercial and Financial Inde¬ 
 pendence, Committee on, 12 
 Commissaries of subsistence, 260; 
 accounts, 92, 93; Anderson 
 Courthouse, 285; appointment, 
 
 147, 167; Army of the Miss., 
 
 330; Army of Tenn., 288; Army 
 of the Valley District, 276; 
 
 Army of the West, 299, 330; 
 assignments, 168; authorized, 
 
 145; authorized to impress sup¬ 
 plies, 154; bonds, 103, 112, 157; 
 Columbia, 285; contracts, 103; 
 
 corresp., 169; Dept, of Ala., 
 Miss., and E. La., 263, 264; 
 Dept, of E. Tenn., 267; Dept, of 
 Richmond, 282; Dist. of Ark., 
 
 330; Dist. of Tenn., 330; employ¬ 
 ees, 159; funds for, 139; Kinston, 
 272; letters sent, 213, 228; letters 
 to, 227, 251; McCulloch’s regt., 
 297; Macon, 286; Miss. Vols., 
 
 323; operations, 168; Savannah, 
 
 286; telegrams to, 170; Tex., 297; 
 Trans-Miss. Dept., 294; Va. 
 Cavalry, 276; Va. Inf., 312; 
 Winchester, 278; Woodstock, 278 
 
 Commissary agents, 168; corresp., 
 169; records re, 410 
 
 Commissary Department, 25; in¬ 
 quiry into, 12 
 
 Commissary General of Prisoners, 
 letters, 249 
 
 Commissary General of Prisoners 
 Office, 247-259 
 
 Commissary General of Subsistence, 
 contracts, 103; incumbents, 168; 
 letters to, 169, 173, 231; reports 
 re records, 169 
 
 Commissary General's Department, 
 138, 409 
 
 Commissary General's Office, 167 
 
 Commissary stores, 382; returns, 
 270 
 
 Commissary supplies, invoices, 276; 
 requisitions, 158; St. Mary’s 
 Hospital, 186 
 
 Commission for the Collection and 
 Distribution of Railroad Iron, 206, 
 209-210 
 
 Commissioner of Patents, Justice 
 Department, 402; corresp., 403; 
 reports, 18, 401 
 
 Commissioner of Taxes, Treasury 
 Department, 117; records, 93, 
 117-118 
 
 Commissioners, court, 38, 45, 54, 
 57, 401 
 
 Commissions, civilian, 81; court 
 officials, 40, 57; deposited in the 
 State Dept., 74, 82; justices of 
 the peace, 57; military, 63, 137, 
 407; presidential, 31, 66, 68, 74; 
 privateers, 83; tax collectors, 117 
 
 Committee for Our Wounded, 178 
 
 Committees of public safety, 411 
 
INDEX 
 
 449 
 
 Common law cases, Ga., 46 
 
 Commutation office, Commissary 
 General’s Office, 167, 169 
 
 Commutation rolls, 159 
 
 Compiled military service records, 
 404-410 
 
 Comptroller, Trans-Mississippi 
 ^ West, 120 
 
 Comptroller of the Treasury, ac¬ 
 counts furnished to Register, 
 
 104, 108, 109, 111, 112; certifica¬ 
 tions sent to, 110; claims re¬ 
 ported to, 112; duties, 102; letters 
 sent, 82; letters to, 80, 100; 
 records, 102-104; reports on 
 accounts, 113 
 
 Cone, Aurelius F., 153, 154 
 
 Confederacy, affairs in, 72; condi¬ 
 tion of, 22, 139; Davis’ history, 
 
 65; heraldic arms, 11; manu¬ 
 scripts re, 3; policies, 71; polit¬ 
 ical conditions, 342; public pro¬ 
 perty transferred to, 5; 
 recognition, 86, 88; surrender, 
 401 
 
 Confederate Archives Division, 
 
 U.S. Adjutant General’s Office, 
 
 141 
 
 Confederate Museum, 62, 339; 
 diaries : Lining, 371, Quinn, 371; 
 general hospital records : Emory, 
 192, Front Royal, 193, Gordons- 
 ville, 193, Lake City, 182, Lib¬ 
 erty, 193, Lynchburg, 194; 
 
 Great Seal given to, 8; hospital 
 records : Hoke’s Division, 195, 
 Robertson, 203; maps held by, 
 
 208, 209; papers of Army offi¬ 
 cers : Anderson, 314, Beall, 236, 
 Beauregard, 314, Brown, 316, 
 Buck, 288, Cabell, 280, Chilton, 
 275, Gilmer, 207, Jackson, 322, 
 Johnston, 280, 323, Jones, 284, 
 Lee, 274, McGuire, 178, 
 Magruder, 326, Meade, 276, 
 Pendleton, 275, Stuart, 276, 
 Taliaferro, 332, Van Dorn, 334, 
 Watkins, 335; papers of officials : 
 Campbell, 139, Capston, 89, 
 Davis, 67, Randolph, 139; papers 
 of surgeons: Baldwin, 285, 
 Myers, 327, Stout, 176, Tanner, 
 272; records held by: Clopton 
 
 Hospital register of patients, 198, 
 Commr. of Patents, 402-403, 
 court-martial of R. B. Garnett, 
 
 151, crewlist of the Tennessee , 
 
 361, Dept, of Henrico, 268, 
 
 Foreign Supply Office, 121, Georgia 
 logbook, 370, medical director at 
 Richmond, 175, N. C. Inf., 309, 
 plans of the Virginia , 351, post 
 comdr. at Knoxville, 267, Pro¬ 
 visional Constitution, 3, quarter¬ 
 master records, 276, Register of 
 the Treasury, 107-108, Secretary 
 of the Treasury letters sent, 99, 
 S.C. Inf., 310, Stonewall logbook, 
 371, Treasurer, check stubs, 101, 
 Va. Cavalry, 311, Va. Inf., 312, 
 Zollicoffer’s brigade, 267 
 
 Confederate States of America, 
 business agents in Europe, 78; 
 claims against, 29, 30; general 
 records, 1; history of diplomacy, 
 89; officials : 415, accounts, 96, 
 corresp., 65, 71, 116, 195, 397, 
 exempted, 238, information re, 
 
 151, laws distributed to, 5, letters 
 sent, 13, 23, 31, 66, 6'7, 70, 78, 
 
 80, 95, 100, 102, no, 117, 137, 141, 
 letters to, 101, 117, 137, 141, 206, 
 259, papers, 339, records r£, 410, 
 salaries, 98; organized, 9, 66; 
 recognition, 87; records : clas¬ 
 sification, 414-415, destruction, 
 413, removed from Richmond, 
 
 413, seized by U.S. Army, 
 
 413; soldiers detailed to Govt, 
 bureaus, 238; supplies furnished 
 to, 87; women employed by, 
 
 22. See also Appointments, 
 Civilian employees. Confederacy, 
 Personnel records. Public build¬ 
 ings, Southern States, and names 
 of Executive Departments and of 
 
 officials 
 
 Confederate sympathizers, 411, 412 
 
 Confederates, abandon records at 
 Chester, 3; attack Fort Sumter, 
 
 9; found Southern Historical So¬ 
 ciety, 3; injuries, 21; to be indem¬ 
 nified for confiscated property, 39 
 
 Confidential agents, instructions to, 
 
 78 
 
 Congress, 9-35; acts: 1, 97, 
 
450 
 
 INDEX 
 
 constitutionality, 41, enrolled, 6, 
 publication, 143, register of, 6, 
 17; bills : 6, 17, 97, calendar, 
 
 18, enrollment, 16, notes re, 18, 
 texts, 18, vetoed, 63; committee 
 reports, 18; communications to, 
 341, 390; debates, 18; electoral 
 returns, 1; employees, 110; 
 estimates for funds, 17, 98; ex¬ 
 penses, 98, 110; joint commit¬ 
 tees, 15-17; joint resolution, 17, 
 27, 28; Journal, 18; laws, 5; 
 letters to, 17, 80; Members : 
 corresp. with the President, 65, 
 directory, 14, eulogies, 18, laws 
 printed for, 6, letters sent, 69, 
 80, 81, 97, 137, 141, letters to, 
 
 17, 67, 80, 81, 95, 106, 109, 117, 
 137, 141, 390, 392, 393, oath 
 taken, 9, obtain subscriptions to 
 produce loan, 115, papers, 33-35, 
 passports for, 74, pay and mile¬ 
 age, 110, payments to, 110, 
 Secretary of War consults with, 
 136, telegrams, 65; Memminger’s 
 reports to, 100; powers, 15; 
 Presidential messages, 17, 18, 
 
 66, 84; printing, 29; proceedings 
 published, 18, 29; published 
 documents, 18, 68; records, 9, 
 17-19, 235, 397, 405, 414, 415, 
 
 421; relations with the President, 
 342; reports to, 94; resolutions, 
 
 1, 5, 6, 11, 17, 18, 74, 97; 
 signatures of officers, 6; war 
 powers, 41. See also under 
 names of committees 
 Congress, Provisional, 9-14; acts, 
 13; admits new States, 9; adopts 
 rules, 10; bills, 6; commrs. to 
 States, 9; committees, 13; dele¬ 
 gates elected, 9; drafts Perma¬ 
 nent Constitution, 2; elects 
 President, 62; employees, 13; 
 journals, 2, 3, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14; 
 laws published, 5; letters to, 13; 
 meets in Montgomery, 9; Mem ¬ 
 bers : admission, 13, creden¬ 
 tials, 14, letters to, 13, lists, 
 
 14, number, 9, papers, 33-35, 
 pay and mileage, 11, serve as 
 cabinet officers, 10; memorials, 
 13; officers, 13; petitions, 13; 
 
 powers, 10; president, 69; Presi¬ 
 dential messages, 13; records, 3, 
 12-14; reporting of proceedings, 
 
 10; resolutions, 13; rules, 13; 
 standing committees, 10, 13 
 Congressional districts, claims 
 agents, 153; conscription officers 
 assigned to, 239; conscription 
 offices in Miss., 242; enrolling 
 officers, 240; inspectors of con¬ 
 scription, 240; medical examining 
 boards assigned to, 239; tax in 
 kind collected in, 166, 167 
 Congressmen, letters sent, 156; 
 letters to, 161, 396; records re, 
 
 410 
 
 Connecticut State Library, 361 
 Conner, James, 51, 275, 279 
 Connigland, Edward, 50 
 Conrad, Charles M., 11, 25, 27, 29 
 Conrad, Holmes, 278 
 Conrow, Aaron H., 26, 30, 32 
 Conscript camps, naval recruitment 
 at, 337 
 
 Conscript mounted guard, 240 
 Conscription, 390; administration, 
 
 136; aliens in Tex., 297; British 
 residents, 84, 85; constitutional¬ 
 ity, 41; Davis’ corresp. re, 66; 
 depletes militia, 301; enactment, 
 237; foreigners, 85; habeas cor¬ 
 pus cases arising from, 41; letters 
 re, 136; mail carriers, 393; re¬ 
 cords re, 150; State court decisions, 
 42; State reserves, 302; substi¬ 
 tutes, 42; Western Department, 
 
 300 
 
 Conscription, House Special Commit¬ 
 tee on, 30 
 
 Conscription Bureau, 237-243, 302, 
 303; corresp., 239; letters sent, 
 
 243; letters to, 165, 242; orders 
 and circulars, 150; reports, 238 
 Conscription Bureau, Trans-Mis¬ 
 sissippi Dept., 290, 291 
 Conscription Office, Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office, 237 
 Conscription officers, 238; corresp., 
 239 
 
 Conscription service, inspection 
 reports on, 239; organization, 
 
 239; Trans-Miss. Dept., 294; 
 Western Dept., 301 
 
INDEX 
 
 451 
 
 Conscripts, assigned to contrac¬ 
 tors, 220; details, 238, 240, 
 
 242; distribution, 240; employed 
 at: Macon Central Laboratory, 
 228, Pee Dee Navy Yard, 381, 
 Savannah Ordnance Depot, 232; 
 Ky., 242; petitions for details of, 
 239; records re, 406, 412; rolls, 
 239; Tenn., 242; Va., 241, 242 
 Constitution, Permanent, 1; com¬ 
 mittee on, 2, 3, 4; draft of, 2-3; 
 judicial decisions under, 41; 
 printed, 4; provision re courts, 
 36-37; ratification, 5, 74; re¬ 
 pository, 3-4; signing, 2 
 Constitution, Provisional, 1; com¬ 
 mittee on, 2, 3; drafting, 3, 13; 
 judiciary established by, 36; 
 printed, 4; repository, 3; sign¬ 
 ing, 2 
 
 Constitutional convention, 1; drafts 
 Permanent Constitution, 2; 
 journals to be copied, 12; re¬ 
 cords, 3-4 
 
 Contraband of war, 411 
 Contract Bureau, Post Office De¬ 
 partment, 388, 392-394, 396 
 Contractors, 87, 104; accounts, 
 
 225; bonds, 103, 410; certificates 
 of indebtedness issued to, 105; 
 conscripts assigned to, 220; 
 employed by the Navy Dept., 
 
 348; records re, 410; soldiers 
 detailed to, 231; supplies, 238. 
 See also Mail contractors 
 Contracts, 99, 102, 103, 104, 411; 
 armament, 216, 410; clothing, 
 236, 297; coal, 348; examined, 
 136; execution of, 102; for loans, 
 99; ironclad gunboats, 384; 
 letters re, 137; mail, 392, 393, 
 398; Medical College of Va., 
 
 202; Mobile Naval Station, 378; 
 naval vessels, 340, 351, 361, 
 
 365, 372, 379, 384, 386; Navy 
 Dept., 346, 347, 348, 386; ord¬ 
 nance, 220; Ordnance Bur., 215, 
 218; ordnance stores, 229, 231; 
 Pensacola Navy Yard, 382; 
 physicians employed under, 170, 
 172, 176; Post Office Dept., 389; 
 quartermasters, 160, 247; sub¬ 
 sistence, 296; supplies, 276; 
 
 War Dept., 99 
 Cook, H. C., 58 
 Cook, Roy Bird, 322 
 Cooke, A. B., 264 
 Cooke, Henry D., 76 
 Cooke, James W., 339, 376 
 Cooke, JohnE., 278 
 Cooks, 171, 306 
 
 Cooper, Douglas H., 212, 295, 296, 
 416 
 
 Cooper, Samuel, 135, 141 
 Copper, 229; mining, 243, 244; 
 
 procurement, 346, 374 
 Copperheads, 73 
 
 Copyrights, 10; letter re, 84; records 
 37-38, Ala., 43,44, deposited in 
 State Dept., 12, 74, Ga., 48, 
 Miss., 50, N. C., 51, Va., 58 
 ' Coquette, blockade-runner, 372, 373 
 Corbin, S. Wellford, 383 
 Corcoran, William W., 3, 75 
 Corinth, Miss., 261; battle, 288, 
 
 299, 333; battlefield map, 209; 
 hospital, 184; Ruggles at, 330 
 Corinth Ordnance Depot, 270 
 Cork, Ireland, 72, 89 
 Corley, Hugh A., 45 
 Corley, James L., 273 
 Corn, 133 
 
 Cornubia , blockade-runner, 372, 373 
 Corporations, currency, 93; Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 118; shares, 117 
 Corps of artillery, 219, 302 
 Corps of Engineers, 302, 409; 
 established, 204; maps prepared 
 by, 209 
 
 Corpus Christi, Tex., district court 
 seat, 54 
 
 Corruption, House Select Committee 
 on the Charge of Made in the 
 Richmond Examiner , 28 
 Coruna, Spain, 371 
 Corvettes, contract for, 365 
 Corwin, Thomas, 90 
 Coste, Napoleon L., 130 
 Coston, Erasmus H., 399 
 Cotton, John B., 389 
 Cotton, bonds, 97, 132; certificates, 
 87, 104; claims re, 84; disposals, 
 128, 129; export duty, 104, 132; 
 exported, 37, 38, 97, 99, 100, 
 
 104, 115, 121, 124, 132, 178, 246, 
 292, 365, 372; paid on tax in 
 
452 
 
 INDEX 
 
 kind, 166; paid to Indians, 211; 
 purchases, 95, 115, 116, 124, 125, 
 
 128, 129, 132, 292; sales, 78, 
 
 125; seized, 85; shipment from 
 Mobile to New York, 236; stor¬ 
 age, 115; trade, 95; transactions, 
 
 129, 293; yarn, issues, 160 
 Cotton, C.S.S., 362, 386 
 
 Cotton agents, 129; Charlotte, N. C., 
 115; corresp., 116; Fla., 115; 
 
 Tex., 292, 293, 294 
 Cotton Bill, Senate Select Commit¬ 
 tee on, 21 
 
 Cotton Bureau, Trans-Mississippi 
 Department, 93, 290, 292 
 Cotton factory, 257 
 Cotton mills, 375 
 Counterfeit money, 118 
 Counterfeiting, 37, 84; detection, 
 
 94; letters re, 100; punishment, 
 
 10; suppression, 97 
 Countersigns, 311, 360 
 Counties, conscription in, 239; 
 currency, 93; lists of, 117; tax 
 assessment rolls, 117 
 Country, Senate Special Committee 
 To Confer with the President in 
 Reference to the Present Condi¬ 
 tion of the, 22 
 
 Coupon bonds, 104, 105, 106, 107, 
 
 108, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 132, 
 133 
 
 Courier service, operated between 
 C.S.A. andU.S. A., 152 
 Couriers, 409; Treasury, 390 
 Court of claims, not established, 
 
 61 
 
 Court of inquiry, fall of New Or¬ 
 leans, 265 
 
 Courts, records, 85. See also 
 District courts. Judiciary 
 Courts-martial, military : 140, 
 
 249, 254, 258, appointment, 142, 
 144, prisoners, 281, proceed¬ 
 ings, 57, 142, 143, 285, 305, 
 
 306, 313, 334, 336, records, 
 
 151, 412; Marine Corps, 353; 
 naval, 143, 341, 342, 343, 344, 
 361; Wirz, 251 
 
 Courts of inquiry, military: 140, 
 appointments to, 144, jurisdic¬ 
 tion, 143; naval, 341, 342, 343, 
 
 362 
 
 Covey, Edward N., 177 
 Cox, J. T., 212 
 Cox, Richard S., 161 
 Crafts, G. J., 154 
 Craney Island,, 364 
 Crawford, John, 212 
 Crawford, Martin J., 86 
 Crawfordsville, Ga., 70 
 Creditors, northern, 52 
 Creek Indian Museum, records held 
 by. Creek Nation, 214 
 Creek Indians, 295; accept court, 60; 
 agent to, 212, 213; delegate in 
 Congress, 24; flight to Kansas, 
 
 211, 212, 213; location, 210; mili¬ 
 tary organizations, 302; records, 
 214 
 
 Crenshaw, Edward, 353 
 Crenshaw, W. G., 318 
 Crenshaw, William G., 87 
 Crenshaw and Company, Richmond, 
 Va., 246 
 
 Crescent Regiment, 306 
 Crew lists, 122, 410; cruisers, 369; 
 Florida, 370; Mobile, 123; Ten¬ 
 nessee , 361 
 Crimes, 84 
 
 Criminal cases, 41; Ala., 42, 43; 
 Ariz. Terr., 59; Ga., 46, 47; 
 La., 48;N.C., 51; Tenn., 53; 
 Tex., 54, 55, 56; Va., 56, 57 
 Criminal offenses, 411 
 Cripps, John S., 73, 79, 90 
 Crittenden, George B., 265, 266, 
 
 416 
 
 Crocker, William A., 233 
 Cross, Edward, 125 
 Crouch, William H., 52 
 Crowell, N. S., 172 
 Cruger, Lewis, 102 
 Cruikshank, Marcus M., 24 
 Cruisers, constructed in England, 
 366; corresp. re, 340, 341; 
 destruction of merchant vessels 
 by, 80; enlistment of men pro¬ 
 hibited, 89; manning, 366; opera¬ 
 tions, 87, 367-369; purchase, 365 
 Crump, L. C., 197 
 Crump, William W., 94 
 Crusoe, Charles R., 49 
 Crutchfield, Stapleton, 278 
 Cuba, 69; business firms, 83; mail 
 service to, 393; StonewalFs 
 
INDEX 
 
 453 
 
 voyage to, 371; Sumter in ports 
 of, 83 
 
 Culpeper Courthouse, Va., gen¬ 
 eral hospital, 191 
 
 Cumberland Gap, Confederates ex¬ 
 changed at, 235 
 Cunningham, John W., 50 
 Cuppler, George, 298 
 Curell, James R., 236 
 Curlew , C.S.S., 356 
 Currency, acquired by U. S. Treas¬ 
 ury Dept., 93; counterfeit, 95; 
 credited to disbursing officers, 
 101; printing, 97; tax on, 117; 
 transportation, 133. See also 
 Treasury notes 
 
 Currency, House Special Commit¬ 
 tee on the, 27 
 
 Currency, Senate Select Committee 
 on Bill To Tax, Fund, and Limit 
 the Currency, 22 
 Curry, Jabez L. M., 24, 27, 28, 
 
 33, 345 
 
 Customhouses, condition, 96; funds 
 for, 104; inventories of property, 
 104; records remain in, 122; 
 seized, 121 
 
 Customs, collection, 94; duties, 15; 
 96, 97; officers, 102, 103, 104; 
 receipts, 101, 122; surveyors, 
 
 96. See also Import duties 
 Customs collectors, accounts, 102, 
 104; appointment, 63; bonds, 103; 
 corresp., 104; deposits, 104; 
 estimates, 102; funds, 98, 102; 
 letters sent, 81, 83, 95, 97, 100, 
 103, 104, 107, 110; letters to, 80, 
 94, 95, 101, 102, 106; lists, 122; 
 personal corresp., 104; ports : 
 Charleston, 132, Galveston, 133, 
 Laredo, 133, Mobile, 123, New 
 Orleans, 127, 129, Plymouth, 
 
 130, Point Isabel, 133, Sabine, 
 133, St. Marks, 126, Savannah, 
 127; returns, 96, 105; serve as 
 depositaries, 122; telegrams to, 
 96 
 
 Customs Division, First Auditor's 
 Office, 108 
 Customs of war, 142 
 Customs service, administration, 
 97; employees, 104; operations, 
 102; records re, 104; 
 
 requisitions for funds, 96 
 Cuthbert, John A., 42 
 Cuthbert, Ga., Hood Hospital, 183 
 Cutlar, DuBrutz, 50 
 Cutts, Richard D., 92, 155, 170, 
 
 205, 255, 413 
 Cuyler, George A., 165 
 Cuyler, Richard M., 224, 226, 232 
 Cuyler, Telamon, 322 
 
 Dabney, Robert L., 277 
 Dahlonega, Ga., mint seized, 122 
 Dallas Historical Society, 67, 293 
 Dalton, Ga., military hospital, 183, 
 184 
 
 Dalton Ordnance Depot, Ga., 223 
 Daly, John J., 402 
 Damage suits, Ariz. Terr., 59 
 Dameron, W. H., 168 
 Dana, Charles A., 135 
 Dandridge, Philip P., 72 
 Daniell, William C., 46, 47, 48 
 Danner, Albert, 288 
 Danville, Va., 281; commissary de¬ 
 pot, 168; Confederate Govt, at, 
 
 64; Davis flees to, 135; general 
 hospital, 192; hospitals, 175, 193; 
 Marine Corps records destroyed 
 at, 352; military prison, 248, 253- 
 254; ordnance shops moved to, 224; 
 postmaster, 399; prisoners trans¬ 
 ferred to, 255 
 
 Danville Female Academy, 75 
 Danville Ordnance Depot, Va., 223 
 Danville Railroad, 282 
 Darien, Ga., shipping, 83 
 Darlington, S.C., depositary, 132 
 Dashiell, R. R., 416 
 David , C. S. S., 358 
 Davidson, Hunter, 351, 372 
 Davidson, J. E. A., 180 
 Davidson, Robert H. M., 44 
 Davidson County, N.C., 244 
 Davis, Alexander N., 318 
 Davis, George, 20, 400 
 Davis, Jefferson, addresses, 68; 
 appoints : Ariz. Terr, officials, 
 
 59, peace commrs., 70; attitude 
 towards peace, 70; Benjamin 
 furnishes papers to, 77; capture, 
 
 64; comments on public affairs, 
 
 402; corresp., 66, 71, 77, 139, 
 
 239; departs from Richmond, 64, 
 
454 
 
 INDEX 
 
 135; elected President, 9, 62; 
 flight to south, 69; inaugurated, 
 62; information re, 401; letters 
 sent, 72, 78, 235, 401; letters 
 to, 78, 86, 150, 236, 342, 361, 
 401; messages, 68; orders re¬ 
 moval from Richmond, 413; 
 papers, 64-69, 342, 416; reports 
 to, 169; sends commrs. to 
 Washington, 86; shrine at 
 Beauvoir, 68; signatures, 6; 
 speeches, 66; submits conven¬ 
 tions to Congress, 9; transmits 
 corresp. to the House, 32; 
 trial, 64, 67, 68 
 Davis, Joseph R., 62, 63 
 Davis, Nicholas A., 319 
 Davis, Zebulon P., 43 
 Davis, Varina H., 65, 66, 67 
 Davis, William G. M., 265 
 Davis’ Bridge, Tenn., 209 
 Dawson, George, 74, 79 
 Dawson, Henry K., 278 
 Dawson, Nathaniel H. R., 319 
 Dead letters, 109, 394, 395, 398 
 Deane, F. B., Jr., & Son, Lynch¬ 
 burg, Va., 346 
 Deas, George, 134, 141 
 Deaths, Army of Tenn., 176; 
 
 Army officers, 146, 148, 149; 
 Camp Jackson, Va., 191; Chat¬ 
 ham Artillery, 305; General 
 Hospitals : Culpeper Court¬ 
 house, 191, Danville, 192, Farm- 
 ville, 192, Raleigh, 187, Rich¬ 
 mond, 196, 197, 200, 201, 
 Wilmington, 188; military hospi- 
 tals : 171, 180, High Point Way- 
 side, 187, Lynchburg, 194, 
 Petersburg, 195, Richmond, 195, 
 198, 199; La. Inf., 306; military 
 prisons: 248, 249, 250, 
 Andersonville, 250, 251, Cahaba, 
 252, Camp Lawton, 250, Dan¬ 
 ville, 254, Richmond, 256, 
 Salisbury, 258; naval personnel, 
 349; N.C. Inf., 308; Price's 
 command, 329; quartermasters, 
 147; registers, 233, 303; S. C. 
 
 Inf., 309; soldiers, 177 
 De Bellot, Ernest, 83 
 De Bow, James D. B., 95, 115, 
 
 116, 129 
 
 Debray, Xavier B., 289 
 De Bree, Alexander M., 383 
 De Bree, John, 348, 355, 356, 377 
 Debt cases, Ariz. Terr., 59; Tex., 
 55; Va., 57 
 Debtors, southern, 52 
 Debts, due Confederate States, 102; 
 
 sequestration, 40, 47, 48 
 Decatur, Ga., camp of instruction, 
 
 241 
 
 De Clouet, Alexander, 2, 34 
 Deep Creek, Va., 349 
 Deep River, N.C., 243 
 Deer, blockade-runner, 372 
 Deerhound, British ship, 367 
 Defaulters, 102 
 
 Defenses, Bridgeport, Ala., 208; 
 coastal, 98; maps, 208; plans, 207; 
 reports on, 207; river, 98. See 
 also place names 
 De Fontaine, Felix G., 3, 4, 400 
 De Fontaine, W. Hampton, 400 
 De Give, Laurent M. J., 85 
 DeHaven, D. D., 386 
 De Jarnette, Daniel C., 27, 30 
 DeLagnel, Julius A., 215, 223 
 Delano, Columbus, 76, 90 
 Delaware Indians, 211, 213 
 De Leon, David C., 170, 177 
 De Leon, Edwin, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 
 88, 89 
 
 Delevan Hospital, Charlottesville, 
 
 Va., 191 
 
 Demopolis, Ala., asst, commr. of 
 exchange, 234, 236; 
 chaplain, 315; Engineer Bur. 
 workshop, 205; medical depot, 
 
 180; medical purveyor, 178; 
 parole camp, 234, 235 
 Denegre, James D., 105 
 Denham, Andrew, 105 
 Denis, J. C., 240, 242 
 Denmark, 77, 365, 368 
 Dennison, William, 388 
 Denson, C. B., 273 
 Department No. 1, 265, 325 
 Department No. 2, 176, 265, 314, 
 
 324 
 
 Department of Alabama and West 
 Florida, 262-263, 270, 280, 353; 
 Bragg comdr., 315; Jones comdr., 
 323 
 
 Department of Alabama, Mississippi, 
 
INDEX 
 
 455 
 
 and East Louisiana, 263-265, 
 
 267, 299; conscription organiza¬ 
 tion, 238; officers serve in : 
 
 Lee, 324, Polk, 329; Taylor 
 comdr., 333 
 
 Department of Alexandria, Beaure¬ 
 gard comdr., 314 
 
 Department of East Tennessee, 265- 
 267; becomes part of the Dept, 
 of Tenn., 286; Buckner comdr., 
 317; chief commissary, 267; 
 orders, 176; prisoners taken, 138 
 
 Department of East Tennessee and 
 Western Virginia, Morgan 
 comdr., 327 
 
 Department of Georgia, orders, 
 
 232; ordnance officer, 286; 2d 
 Military District letters, 232 
 
 Department of the Gulf, 227, 267 
 
 Department of Henrico, 268, 281; 
 controls Richmond prisons, 255; 
 general hospitals, 175; orders, 
 
 173 
 
 Department of Indian Territory, 
 
 295 
 
 Department of Middle and East 
 Florida, 283 
 
 Department of Mississippi and East 
 Louisiana, 261, 263; officers 
 serve in: Chalmers, 317, 
 
 French, 319, Helm, 321, Jackson, 
 322, Price, 329; quartermaster, 
 331 
 
 Department of Norfolk, 235, 272, 
 
 325 
 
 Department of North Carolina, 259, 
 270, 271; comdrs : Bragg, 315, 
 French, 319, Pickett, 328 
 
 Department of North Carolina and 
 Southern Virginia, 270-272, 281; 
 chief quartermaster, 335; offi ¬ 
 cers serve in : Colquitt, 335, 
 Johnson, 322, Wise, 336 
 
 Department of Northern Virginia, 
 
 268, 272, 280, 322; Johnston 
 comdr., 323; records, 273; 
 Topographical Department, 205, 
 207, 208 
 
 Department of the Peninsula, 272, 
 279-280; Magruder comdr., 326 
 
 Department of Richmond, 268, 281- 
 282; controls Richmond prisons, 
 255; letters re, 169 
 
 Department of South Carolina, offi ¬ 
 cers serve in : Johnston, 323; 
 quartermaster, 335 
 Department of South Carolina, 
 Georgia, and Florida, 144, 282- 
 285, 305; Beauregard comdr., 
 
 314; Dept, of Ga. merged into, 
 
 286; McLaws in, 325; orders, 226; 
 quartermaster, 334; surgeon, 321 
 Department of Southern Mississippi 
 and East Louisiana, 333 
 Department of Southern Virginia, 270; 
 
 French comdr., 319 
 Department of Southwestern Virginia, 
 265, 267; Loring comdr., 325 
 Department of Tennessee, 286-289; 
 Bragg comdr., 315; conscription 
 organization, 238; Western Dept, 
 designated as, 300 
 Department of Tennessee and 
 Georgia, established, 286, 299 
 Department of Texas, chief quarter¬ 
 master, 297; comdrs., 289, 333, 
 363; records, 291 
 Department of Virginia, medical 
 officers, 175 
 
 Department of the West, 299; 
 
 Johnston comdr., 323; orders, 
 
 262 
 
 Department of Western Virginia, 
 
 265, 266 
 
 Departments, military, 240, 259; 
 corresp., 420; engineering work, 
 204-205; examining boards ap¬ 
 pointed, 149; inspections, 153; 
 issues, 262; military courts 
 authorized for, 142; medical di¬ 
 rectors, 172; officers, 147; orders, 
 66; records, 260-261; returns, 
 
 150; staffs, 260. See also 
 names of geographical commands 
 Depositaries, 92, 100, 107; accounts, 
 96, 395; balances of funds, 101; 
 bonds, 103; customs collectors 
 serve as, 122; funds received by, 
 
 98; identified, 107; letters sent, 
 
 95, 107, 398; letters to, 94, 97, 
 
 101, 106, 108, 292; lists, 103, 122; 
 moneys received from, 109; 
 offices : Aberdeen, 129, Athens, 
 
 126, Atlanta, 126, Augusta, 126, 
 
 127, 226, Camden, 121, Chatta¬ 
 nooga, 133, Cheraw, 132, 
 
456 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Columbus (Ga.), 126, Columbus 
 (Miss.), 129, Darlington, 132, 
 Eatonton, 126, Harrisonburg, 
 
 133, Knoxville, 132, La Grange, 
 126, 127, Little Rock, 125, 
 Lynchburg, 133, Macon, 93, 126, 
 Milledgeville, 127, Mobile, 124, 
 
 125, Nashville, 133, Petersburg, 
 133, Quincy, 126, Richmond, 133, 
 San Antonio, 133, Savannah, 
 
 Ga., 126, 127, 396, Shreveport, 
 
 129, Staunton, 133, Tallahassee, 
 
 126, Tangipahoa, 129, Thomas- 
 ville, 127; postmasters’ deposits, 
 113; receipts for bonds, 107; 
 received revenue, 122; reports 
 on postmaster’ accounts, 398, 
 returns, 96; States: Ala., 125, 
 Ark., 395, Fla., 126, Ga., 127, 
 La., 395, Miss., 129, N.C., 
 
 130, S.C., 132, Tenn., 132, 
 
 Tex., 395, Va., 133; telegrams 
 to, 97; Trans-Mississippi West, 
 121, 292, 395 
 
 Deposits, certificates of, 100, 108, 
 
 127, 128; funds, 95, 106; notices 
 of, 100; removal of, 100 
 
 Depots, commissary, 168, 288; 
 engineer, 336; medical, 178; 
 ordnance : Bermuda, 216, Dub¬ 
 lin, 267, letters, 228, 231, 
 
 Little Rock, 289, Nashville, 229, 
 New Orleans, 230, Okolona, 
 Miss., 301, Richmond, 230, 231, 
 Savannah, 232, Selma, 232; 
 quartermaster, 153, 154, 160, 
 289, 333; tax-in-kind produce, 
 
 166 
 
 De Renne, Mrs. George W. J., 3 
 De Rioboo, Maxcimo, 45 
 DeRosset, A. J., 115 
 Deserters, 138, 260; aiding, 37, 
 
 45, 51; apprehension, 303; 
 arrested, 239; collection of, 237; 
 imprisoned in Richmond, 281; 
 lists, 261, 268, 304, 411; navy, 
 357, 360; records re, 412; Va. 
 Inf., 311 
 
 Desertions, Chatham Artillery, 
 
 305; La. Inf., 306; navy, 344, 
 359; N.C. Inf., 308; registers, 
 303; suits in State courts, 42; 
 
 Va., 243 
 
 Detectives, 260, 268, 411 
 DeTreville, W. J., 52 
 Deus, John P., 59 
 DeVeuve, Henry, 154 
 Devine, Thomas J., 53 
 De Votie, Jefferson H., 192 
 De Zamacona, Manuel, 79 
 Diaries, 304; Alexander (E.P.), 
 
 129; Anderson (E. C.), 140, 286; 
 Army of N. Va., 273; Ballinger, 
 56; Beall, 91; Beatty, 315; 
 Benjamin, 84; Boswell, 277; 
 Boulware, 277; Bragg, 69, 401, 
 402; Brown, 121; Carter, 317; 
 Chew, 367; Cleary, 113; Cooke, 
 278, 279; Crenshaw, 353; De 
 Leon, 89; Ewell, 323; Forrest, 
 371; Gorgas, 69, 218; Green, 371; 
 Guerrant, 277; Hines, 90; Hotch¬ 
 kiss, 277; Jones (J. B.), 69; 
 
 Jones (Joseph), 182; Kean, 140; 
 Kennedy, 277; Lea, 324; Lee 
 (E.G.), 90; Loving, 312; Mallory, 
 69, 342; Maury, 89; Myers, 327; 
 North, 367; Old, 279; Paris, 328; 
 Polk, 329; Quintard, 289; Reagan, 
 69; Richmond, 288; Roy, 380; 
 Scales, 360; Semmes, 355; Sexton, 
 31, 35; Shaffner, 277, 279; 
 Sommerville, 193; Stephens, 71; 
 Taliaferro, 279; Trimble, 279; 
 
 Va. Inf., 312; Wellford, 140; 
 Whittle, 373; Wilson, 362, 365; 
 Withers, 151; Wood, 69; Yancey, 
 88. See also Journals 
 Dickinson, Andrew G., 280 
 Dickinson, John, 395 
 Dickinson, P. K., 105 
 Diet books, 180, 181, 187, 189, 193, 
 198, 199, 201 
 Dill, Edward G., 403 
 Dillard, F. W., 154, 286 
 Dilworth, William S., 283 
 Dimitry, Alexander, 395 
 Dimmock, Charles, 313 
 Dinwiddle, James, 231 
 Diplomatic agents, accounts, 82; 
 carry mail, 393; expenses, 82; 
 letters to, 66; payments to, 82 
 Diplomatic commissioners, appoint¬ 
 ments, 68; commissions, 82; 
 corresp., 366; in Europe, 67; 
 payments to, 82, 83 
 
INDEX 
 
 457 
 
 Diplomatic corps, 81 
 Diplomatic representatives, 72; 
 letters to State Dept., 82; 
 President to appoint, 63 
 Disbursements, Army, 111, 112; 
 Army officers, 158, 405; Char¬ 
 lotte mint, 130; Commr. of 
 Taxes Office, 118; customs serv¬ 
 ice, 104; depositary at San 
 Antonio, 133; diplomatic, 89; 
 engineers, 207; Florida, 369; 
 lighthouses, 114; Macon Central 
 Laboratory, 228; naval stations, 
 374; Navy, 98, 109, 110, 374; 
 navy paymasters, 349; ordnance 
 officer, 298; quartermasters, 
 
 161; State Dept., 82; tax collec¬ 
 tors, 118; Treasurer’s Office, 
 
 101; War Dept., 98, 138. See 
 also Expenditures, Financial 
 records 
 
 Disbursing agents, District of In¬ 
 dian Territory, 211; St. Marks, 
 Fla., 126 
 
 Disbursing clerks, departmental, 
 101; funds received by, 98; 
 Justice Dept., 98; Navy Dept., 
 337; Post Office Dept., 389; 
 Secretary of the Treasury’s 
 Office, 96; State Dept., 72; 
 Treasurer, 96; Treasury Dept., 
 94, 96; Treasury Note Bur., 120; 
 War Dept., 96, 99, 136, 138 
 Disbursing officers, accounts, 128; 
 Army, 112; bonds, 102, 103; de¬ 
 linquent, 110; Executive Office, 
 62; letters sent, 128; navy pay¬ 
 masters as, 348; reports re, 
 
 113; State Dept., 82; Treasury 
 Dept., 98; War Dept., 101 
 Disbursing records. War Dept., 
 138-139. See also Accounts, 
 Financial records 
 Diseases, 171, 180, 194, 196, 250, 
 251, 258 
 
 Disloyalists, arrest, 411 
 Disloyalty, charges against: W. R. 
 W. Cobb, 29, W. M. Randolph, 
 44, Va., 57 
 Distilleries, 178 
 
 District attorneys, appointments : 
 63, Ala., 42, La., 48, Ariz. 
 Terr., 59, Ark., 44, Fla., 44, 
 
 45, Ga., 46, Indian country, 60, 
 Miss., 49, S.C., 51, Tenn., 52, 
 
 53, Tex., 53, Va., 56, 57; 
 corresp., 48; duties, 38-39; fees, 
 38; list of, 401; substitutes, 38; 
 supervision, 400 
 
 District courts, 36-58, 143; accounts, 
 400; Charleston, 132; costs : 38, 
 
 40, 41, Ala., 43, Ga., 47, La., 
 
 49, N.C., 51, Tex., 55, 56; 
 dead letters delivered to, 394; 
 dockets, 40; established, 36; 
 expenses, 98; jurisdiction, 36-37; 
 laws distributed to, 6; meeting 
 places, 36; naturalization records, 
 37; officers: 38, 41, appointment 
 of, 40, funds received by, 98; 
 publication of decisions, 42; 
 records : 36, 40, 42, Ala., 43-44, 
 Ariz. Terr., 59, Ark., 44, Fla., 
 45-46, Ga., 46-47, 93, La., 49, 
 Miss., 49-50, N.C., 50-51, 414, 
 
 S. C., 52, Tenn., 53, Tex., 54-56, 
 93, Va., 57-58; rules, 40. See 
 also Clerks of court. Copyrights, 
 Courts, Courts of inquiry. Courts- 
 martial, District attorneys. 
 
 Judges, Judiciary, Territorial 
 courts 
 
 District of Alabama, 262 
 District of Arkansas, 295, 298; 
 
 commissary, 330; Holmes comdr., 
 321; Magruder comdr., 326; 
 
 Price comdr., 329 
 District of Arkansas and West 
 Louisiana, Buckner comdr., 317 
 District of Cape Fear, 270, 271 
 District of East Florida, 282, 284, 
 
 285 
 
 District of East Tennessee, 265 
 District of Florida, 282, 284; 
 
 Johnston in, 323 
 District of Galveston, 289 
 District of Georgia, established, 
 
 282, 286; letters, 228; Mercer 
 comdr., 359 
 
 District of the Gulf, 267, 306; 
 
 Buckner comdr., 317; chief engr., 
 324; Helm serves in, 321; letters 
 to, 164 
 
 District of Houston, 289 
 District of Indian Territory, 295- 
 296; comdrs. superintend Indian 
 
458 
 
 INDEX 
 
 affairs, 212; disbursing agent, 
 
 211; Hubbard confers with 
 comdrs., 211 
 
 District of Middle Florida, 282 
 District of Mississippi and East 
 Louisiana, Forrest comdr., 319 
 District of Norfolk and Portsmouth, 
 Va., lighthouses, 114 
 District of South Carolina, 282, 
 
 284 
 
 District of Tennessee, 288, 329; 
 Clark serves in, 318; commis¬ 
 sary, 330 
 
 District of Texas, 296 
 District of Texas, New Mexico, 
 and Arizona, 296-298; Magruder 
 comdr., 326; salary vouchers, 
 113; Walker comdr., 334 
 District of West Louisiana, 298; 
 Buckner comdr., 317; Taylor 
 comdr., 333; Walker comdr., 
 334 
 
 Districts, military, 262, 419 
 Divine, John F., 272 
 Divisions, Anderson’s, 288; ap¬ 
 pointment of officers, 145; 
 Bowen’s, 299; Breckinridge’s, 
 287; Churchill’s, 292; Clark’s, 
 270; Cleburne’s, 287, 288, 289; 
 composition, 150; Early’s, 275; 
 Hampton’s, 275; Heth’s, 321; 
 Hill’s, 275; Hindman’s, 287; 
 Hood’s, 322; inspecting officers, 
 142; Jackson’s, 319, 332; 
 Kershaw’s, 275; Lovell’s, 325; 
 McLaws’, 273; Mahone’s, 275; 
 Parsons’, 292; Pickett’s, 276, 
 277, 278, 328; Price’s, 329; 
 Ramseur’s, 276; Rodes’, 275; 
 Walker’s, 334; Walthall’s, 287; 
 Whiting’s, 335 
 Dix, John A., 233 
 Dixie Grays, 312 
 Dixon, Robert E., 12 
 Dodge, C.S.S., 363 
 Dodge, revenue cutter, 123 
 Dodson, Daniel, 133 
 Doha Ana, N. Mex., general hos¬ 
 pital, 186 
 
 Dofla Ana County, Ariz. Terr., 58, 
 59 
 
 Donations, for Govt, support, 94, 
 98; hospital, 201 
 
 Donegan, J. J., 115 
 Donelson, Daniel S., 265 
 Doran, Patrick, 400 
 Dorn, Andrew J., 213 
 Dorsey, Juliana, 218 
 Dorsey, William H., 46 
 Dortsch, William T., 20 
 Dougherty, William, 46 
 Douglas, Henry K., 278 
 Douglas, Henry T., 290 
 Douglas, Hugh, 105 
 Douglas, Hugh T., 277, 416 
 Dowell, James R., 397 
 Dowling, Robert, 72, 78 
 Downer, William S., 217, 230 
 Draftsmen, 215, 345, 346, 388 
 Drawings, engineering, 285; 
 
 foundry structures, 385; gun car¬ 
 riage irons, 217; naval machinery, 
 376; naval ordnance, 346, 347; 
 naval vessels, 350, 360, 370; 
 ordnance, 217, 227; patent, 402, 
 403; siege gun, 403 
 Drayage, 179 
 
 Drayton, Thomas F., 335 
 Drewry , C.S.S., 354, 370 
 Drewry’s Bluff, Va., 270; activities, 
 365; civilian employees, 206; 
 defense of, 353; fortifications, 
 
 277, 364; Lee comdr., 32; 
 marines, 352, 353; naval battery, 
 345; naval disbursements, 110; 
 placed under the Dept, of Rich¬ 
 mond, 281 
 
 Drillmasters, 147, 409 
 Druggists, 238 
 Drydock associations, 410 
 Drydocks, Pensacola, 382 
 Dublin, Ireland, 78, 89 
 Dublin, Va., 266; commissary de¬ 
 pot, 168; commissary officer at, 
 170; ordnance depot, 267 
 Dublin Station, Va., 241 
 Ducktown Basin, Tenn., 243 
 Ducktown copper mines, 246 
 Duke University Library, diaries : 
 Scales, 360, Semmes, 355; maps 
 held by, 209; papers of Army offi ¬ 
 cers : Beauregard, 314, Bradley, 
 258, Bragg, 316, Brent, 316, 
 Brodnax, 195, Capers, 317, 
 Carrington, 175, 282, Chesnut, 
 
 310, Clingman, 318, Cooke, 278, 
 
INDEX 
 
 459 
 
 Dawson, 278, De Votie, 192, 
 Dunovant, 285, Emmerson, 170, 
 Floyd, 268, Forrest, 319, 
 
 Fowler, 272, Girardy, 221, 
 Halsey, 276, Harris, 285, 
 
 Hawks, 276, Hill, 321, Holmes, 
 322, Jackson, 275, Johnson, 275, 
 Johnston, 323, Jordan, 323, 
 
 Keitt, 285, Leach, 324, Lee, 
 
 274, Longstreet, 325, Loring, 
 267, McDonald, 325, McLaws, 
 325, Mahone, 275, Miller, 276, 
 Mosby, 278, Munford, 327, Orr, 
 170, Otey, 328, Pendleton (D. D.), 
 279, Pendleton (W.N.), 275, 
 Pickett, 328, Polk, 329, Rives, 
 207, Robertson, 286, Rogers, 
 
 330, Ruggles, 330, Scott, 331, 
 Simpson, 331, Smith, 266, 
 Steuart, 276, Stuart, 276, 
 
 Thorne, 333, Walker, 334; 
 papers of chaplains : Quintard, 
 289; papers of Congressmen : 
 Boteler, 33, Chesnut, 33, Clay, 
 33, Cobb, 33, Johnson, 34, 
 Nisbet, 34, Semmes, 35, Simp¬ 
 son, 35, Smith, 35, Turner, 35; 
 papers of naval officers : Grim- 
 ball, 371, Hunter, 360, Kell, 
 
 356, 371, Maury, 366, Rochelle, 
 355, 358; papers of Naval Surg. 
 Carrington, 378; papers of 
 officials : Clay, 90, Davis, 66- 
 67, 68, De Bow, 116, Mason, 87, 
 Memminger, 100, Randolph, 139, 
 Seddon, 139, Stephens, 71; papers 
 of postmaster at Palo Alto, 399; 
 papers of surgeons : Morriss, 
 
 327, Settle, 331, Somers, 332, 
 Stout, 176; records held by : ac¬ 
 counts and receipts, 214-215, 
 British consulate at Savannah, 
 
 85, Camp Simkins Hospital, 182, 
 Castle Pinckney guard report, 
 
 253, Charlottesville General 
 Hospital, 191, customs collector 
 at Savannah, 127, Dept. ofS.C., 
 Ga., and Fla., 284, district 
 court of N. C., 51, estimates of 
 tax in kind for Va., 167, hospital 
 fund account, 197, laws, 6, 
 maps, 321, Niter and Mining 
 Bur., 245, Quartermaster 
 
 General’s Office, 160, Shreveport 
 Naval Station, 387; Weaver papers, 
 246 
 
 Dumez, Eugene, 88 
 Duncan, Blanton, 118 
 Duncan, Johnson K., 265 
 Duncan, William E., 267 
 Dunn & Co., 118 
 Dunnington, John W., 377 
 Dunovant, R. G. M., 285 
 Dunwody, John, 240 
 Dupr^, Lucius J., 25, 26, 30 
 Durham, George J., 116, 117 
 Duval, Thomas R., 402 
 Duvall, Eli, 416 
 Duvall, R. C., 339 
 
 Eagle Pass, Tex., cotton exports, 
 
 - 104 
 
 Early, Jubal A., 136, 266, 273, 275, 
 278, 279, 416 
 Eason, James M., 375 
 East Tennessee Brigade, 313 
 Eastern District Military Prison 
 Hospital, Richmond, Va., 199 
 Eatonton, Ga., depositary, 126 
 Echols, John, 266 
 Echols, William H., 283, 285, 416 
 Economic conditions, 66, 85 
 Edenton, N. C., 130; district court 
 seat, 50 
 
 Edgefield Courthouse, N. C., 244 
 Edmondston, James N., 163 
 Edmunds, James M. , 76 
 Edwards, A. C., 305 
 Edwards, O. W., 231 
 Edwards , C.S.S., 354 
 Eggleston, Everard T., 339 
 Eggleston, John R., 339, 379 
 Egypt, 73 
 
 Ejectment cases, Va., 57 
 El Paso, Tex., general hospital, 
 
 190 
 
 Eldridge, James W., 380 
 Elections, Ariz. Terr., 59; Army 
 officers, 146, 149, 285; certifi¬ 
 cates of, 14; Congressional, 9, 14, 
 15, 23, 24; Presidential electors, 
 
 7, 14; State returns, 1, 7, 14, 32 
 Elections, House Committee on, 32 
 Elections, House Standing Committee 
 on, 24 
 
 Elias Pike, 55 
 
460 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Elizabeth City, N.C., battle, 356 
 Elizabeth River, 342, 365; naval 
 batteries on, 364; navy yard on, 
 380 
 
 Ellett, H. T., 49 
 Ellett, Loftin N., 56 
 Elliott, Gilbert, 376 
 Elliott, James T., 294 
 Elliott, John M., 24, 29 
 Elliott, Stephen, Jr., 285 
 Ellis, Thomas H., 83 
 Ellis , C.S.S., 354, 356, 357 
 Elmore, Edward C., 100, 133, 232, 
 377 
 
 Ely, C. H., 402 
 Elzey, Arnold, 173, 281 
 Emmerson, John, 170 
 Emolument returns, customs serv¬ 
 ice, 104 
 
 Emory, Thomas, 370 
 Emory, Va., general hospital, 192 
 Emory and Henry College, Emory, 
 Va., 192 
 
 Emory University Library, papers 
 of Army officers : Ash, 314, 
 
 Ayer, 288, Beauregard, 314, 
 Bragg, 316, Champneys, 270, 
 Chesnut, 69, Ruggles, 330, 
 Wilson, 288, Winn, 336; papers 
 of officials: Davis, 67, 68, 
 Stephens, 71; papers of surgeons: 
 Battey, 314, Stout, 176, 177; 
 records held by : British consu¬ 
 late at Savannah, 85, Dept. No. 
 
 2, 176, Dept, of East Tenn., 176, 
 Dept, of S. C., Ga., and Fla., 
 284, depositary’s receipt book, 
 127, House of Representatives, 
 
 32, Ocmulgee Hospital at Macon, 
 184, Okolona Ordnance Depot, 
 
 301, reserve forces of S. C., 310, 
 Savannah River Squadron, 359, 
 
 S. C. Art., 309, sequestration 
 receiver of Ga., 48, Treasurer's 
 check stubs, 101; Stephens’diary, 
 71; Willink papers, 384 
 Empire Hospital, Macon, Ga., 184 
 Employees, lists, 332 
 Enders, John, 178 
 Endicott, William, 414 
 Enemy, intelligence re movement, 
 16; Negroes escaped to, 112; 
 occupation by, 117; property lost 
 
 to, 74, 120; trading with, 37 
 Engineer assistants, 206 
 Engineer Bureau, Trans-Mississippi 
 Department, 290 
 
 Engineer Bureau, War Department, 
 204-210; Bolling assigned to, 210; 
 corresp., 420; duties, 204-205; 
 records, 206-210 
 
 Engineer Department, 414; Army of 
 Louisiana, 265 
 
 Engineer Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 
 181 
 
 Engineer-in-Chief, Navy Department, 
 337, 349-350 
 
 Engineer projects, estimates, 207 
 Engineer stores, invoices, 207 
 Engineer supplies, 336 
 Engineer troops, 205, 277; author¬ 
 ized, 302; officers, 148; records 
 re , 206; rolls, 145; Texas, 297 
 Engineers, 412 
 
 Engineers, Army, appointment, 149; 
 corresp., 207; duties, 204-205; 
 letters to, 206; lists, 206; offices : 
 Charleston, 283, 285, Fort Mor¬ 
 gan, 267, Fort Sumter, 285, Mo¬ 
 bile, 263, 267, Richmond, 332; 
 records re, 206, 207; returns of, 
 207; serve in : Ala., 320, Army of 
 N. Va., 277, Army of Tenn., 321, 
 Dept, of Ala., Miss., and E. La., 
 264, Dept, of Miss, and E. La., 
 264, Dept. ofS.C., Ga., and 
 Fla., 283, 285, Dist of W. La., 
 298, Ga., 320, 336, N.C., 207, 
 325, S.C., 207, 320, 321, Tenn,, 
 320, 336, Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 
 298, Va., 207, 325, Western 
 Dept., 300 
 
 Engineers Division, Second Auditor’s 
 Office, 111 
 
 Engines, 349, 350, 360; naval ves¬ 
 sels, 370, 372, 376, 387 
 England, 77; Barron to, 366; cruiser 
 constructed in, 80, 366; diplomatic 
 commrs. in, 72, 88, 366; Huse 
 agent in, 77; Nashville’s cruise 
 to, 367; procurement in, 140, 205, 
 216, 348; propaganda agents in, 
 72-73; Semmes in, 355, 367 
 English Channel, 365 
 English colonies, 40 
 English correspondents, 89 
 
INDEX 
 
 461 
 
 Englishmen, support the Confed¬ 
 eracy, 87 
 Engravers, 97, 119 
 Engravings, Hunley , 378 
 Engrossment, Standing Committee 
 on, 10 
 
 Enlisting officers, names, 145 
 Enrolled Bills, House Standing 
 Committee on, 25 
 Enrollees, coercion of, 237 
 Enrolling officers, 231, 237, 239, 
 240; alleged illegal activities by, 
 41; Ark., 294; Calcasieu Parish, 
 295; corresp., 239; duties, 239; 
 letters to, 219, 220, 225; lists, 
 238; La., 294; Miss., 242; 
 
 N. C., 242; records, 409; Va., 
 241, 242, 243; workmen released 
 to, 219 
 
 Enrollment and Engrossment, 
 
 Joint Committee on, 16, 18 
 Enrollment and Engrossment, 
 
 Senate Standing Committee on, 
 
 20 
 
 Enterprise, Miss., camp of in¬ 
 struction, 241; ordnance re¬ 
 ceived at, 217; parole camp, 234, 
 235; paroled prisoners head¬ 
 quarters, 236, 329; quartermas¬ 
 ter depot, 154 
 Equator , C.S.S., 356 
 Equipment, 110, 138, 229, 231; 
 accounts, 308, 311; Army, 160; 
 artillery, 311; claims, 112, 113; 
 communication, 152; drafting, 
 
 205; engineer, 207; hospital, 179, 
 191, 201, 272, 349; leather, 229; 
 losses, 151; naval, 345, 348, 355, 
 365, 387; naval ordnance, 374, 
 375; naval vessels, 342, 363; 
 ordnance, 232; ordnance labora¬ 
 tory, 228; post office, 390, 392; 
 signal, 153; surveying, 205 
 Equity cases, Ala., 43; Ga., 46; 
 N.C., 51 
 
 Erlanger, Emile, 87, 99 
 Erlanger loan, 92, 98, 99 
 Error Division, Third Auditor’s 
 Office, 113 
 
 Espionage, imprisonment for, 41 
 Espionage cases, Tenn., 53 
 Estates, settlement of, 40 
 Estes, B. M., 52 
 
 Etowah Iron Works, Ga., contract 
 with the Navy Dept., 346 
 Eufaula, Ala., transfers to recom¬ 
 mended, 174 
 
 Eugenie , blockade-runner, 372 
 Eugenie Smith, British schooner, 83 
 Europe, agents in, 99; bonds and 
 stocks conveyed to, 108; construc¬ 
 tion of naval vessels in, 350; 
 conveyance of despatches to, 79; 
 cotton shipped to, 99; diplomatic 
 commrs. in, 32, 67, 72, 78, 80, 
 88, 366; financial agent in, 79, 
 
 92; Hotze’s correspondents in, 
 
 78; imports from : 155, medicines, 
 178, niter, 243, surgical instru¬ 
 ments, 178; intervention in 
 Mexico, 79; mail service to, 393; 
 Maury's activities in, 366; naval 
 forces in, 366-367; naval officers 
 in, 87; procurement in, 65, 88, 
 134, 216; propaganda agents in, 
 
 72, 89; public opinion in, 78; re¬ 
 cruitment of Polish exiles in, 72; 
 supplies from,i 160, 246 
 European countries, records of 
 ministries of foreign affairs, 85 
 Eustis, George, 89 
 Evans, Augustus C., 172 
 Evans, L. R., 263 
 Evans, William E., 367, 368 
 Evans & Cogswell, 118 
 Evansport, Va., 364 
 Ewell, Benjamins., 323 
 Ewell, Richards., 255, 275, 278, 
 
 281 
 
 Ewing, E. H., 162 
 Ewing, George W., 28 
 Examining boards, artillery officers, 
 287 
 
 Examining Division, Third Auditor's 
 Office, 113 
 Exchange, 97 
 
 Exchange Bureau, War Department, 
 233-236 
 
 Executive departments, appointment 
 of heads, 63; appointments in, 70, 
 81, 82; bureaus : letters to, 137, 
 removal from Richmond, 413; 
 Congressmen and, 31; contracts, 
 102; directory, 14; disbursing 
 officers, 103; employees, 17, 63; 
 expenses, 98; heads, 146; laws 
 
462 
 
 INDEX 
 
 distributed to, 6; letters sent, 
 
 13, 14, 17, 23, 32, 66, 67, 70, 87, 
 97, 137; letters to, 66, 80, 102, 
 108; office space, 11; officials' 
 bonds, 103; opinions rendered to, 
 400, 401; recommendations for 
 appointments, 23; records, 414, 
 421; reports, 18; salaries, 98; 
 seats in Congress not provided, 
 
 10. See also Cabinet 
 Executive Departments, Committee 
 To Organize, 10, 69 
 Executive Departments, House 
 Standing Committee on, 25 
 Executive mansion, Montgomery, 
 
 68; Richmond, 62 
 
 Executive Office, 69; accounts, 96; 
 letters sent, 81. See also Davis, 
 Jefferson; President 
 Exemption of State Officers, House 
 Special Committee on the, 30 
 Exemptions, 84, 237, 241; applica¬ 
 tions, 239, 240; certificates, 
 
 113; classifications, 238; 
 foreigners, 84; letters re, 137; 
 list of, 292; mail carriers, 390, 
 393; mail contractors, 58, 393; 
 militia, 301; payments for, 238; 
 Post Office Dept, employees, 
 
 390; printers, 28; State officers, 
 30; telegraph operators, 397; 
 
 Va., 241, 242, 243 
 Exempts, House Select Committee 
 on Lessening the Number of, 30 
 Expenditures, Army, 410; Marine 
 Corps, 352; naval, 380-381; re¬ 
 ports on, 412. See also Accounts, 
 Disbursements, Financial re¬ 
 cords 
 
 Explosion, Brown's Island, 227 
 Export duties, 94; cotton, 104 
 Exports, Charleston, 131; cotton, 
 292; Mobile, 123, 124 
 Express , merchant ship, 83 
 Express agents, accounts, 113 
 Express companies, carry mail, 
 
 392; payments to by Govt., 98 
 
 Factories, 216; arms, 219, 224; 
 cotton yarn, 382; shoe, 174; 
 soldiers detailed to, 160 
 Fairfax, Archibald B., 346, 385, 
 
 386 
 
 Fairfax Court House, Va., 331 
 Fairground Hospital, Raleigh, 
 
 N.C., 187 
 
 Fairground (Old) Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 203 
 Fairgrounds, Charleston, 252; 
 Columbia, 253; Lynchburg, 194, 
 254; Macon, 254 
 Falls County, Tex., 53 
 Fanny , schooner, 46 
 Faries, Thomas A., 339, 416 
 Farley, James A., 115, 125 
 Farmers, required to pay tax in 
 kind, 166 
 
 Farmville, Va., hospital trans¬ 
 ferred to, 194; Wayside Hospital, 
 193 
 
 Farmville General Hospital, Va., 
 
 192, 335 
 
 Farrand, Ebenezer, 114, 339, 360, 
 361, 364, 378, 383, 385, 386 
 Farrow, James, 30 
 Farrow, Henry P., 244 
 Fauntleroy, Charles M., 367, 368 
 Fauntleroy, Thomas T., 57, 313 
 Fawcett Preston & Co., Ltd., 
 
 Wirral, Cheshire, England, 372 
 Fayette County, Tex., 53 
 Fayetteville, N. C., commissary 
 depot, 168 
 
 Fayetteville Arsenal, N.C., 218 
 Fayetteville Arsenal and Armory, 
 N.C., 219, 223, 224 
 Feamster, Samuel W. N., 312 
 Fearn, John W., 78 
 Featherman, Americus, 402 
 Federal citizens, taken prisoner, 
 
 138 
 
 Federal forces, occupy Ark., 44 
 Federal garrisons, driven out of 
 Ariz. Terr., 58 
 Federal gunboats, raid southern 
 coast, 167 
 
 Federal Records Center, East Point. 
 Ga., district court records : Ala., 
 43, Ga., 45, 46, 47, Miss., 49, 
 
 N. C., 51, Tenn., 53 
 Federal Records Center, Fort Worth, 
 Tex., district court records, 
 
 Tex., 55 
 
 Federal Records Centers, district 
 court records in, 42 
 Federal troops, destroy property, 81 
 
INDEX 
 
 463 
 
 Fees, allowed court officials, 38; 
 allowed receivers, 39; clerks of 
 court, 55; district attorneys, 48; 
 funeral, 110; jury, 48; marshals, 
 48; patents, 402; vessels, 131 
 Feilden, Henry W., 285, 319 
 Felony, 10 
 
 Felony cases, Va., 57 
 Fentress, W. T., 243 
 Ferguson, Samuel W., 319 
 Fernandian, Fla., blockade, 83; 
 shipping, 83 
 
 Ferries, in the James River, 383; 
 Va., 208 
 
 Ferris, George A., 319 
 
 Ferriss, Orange, 76 
 
 Ferrol, Spain, 368, 371 
 
 Ferrymen, 393 
 
 Field, Charles W., 237 
 
 Filson Club, Grenfel letters, 320; 
 
 Young’s memoirs, 90 
 Finance, Senate Standing Committee 
 on, 20 
 
 Finance, Standing Committee on, 
 
 10, 11 
 
 Finance Bureau, Post Office De¬ 
 partment, 388, 394-396; letters 
 sent, 398 
 
 Finances, 78, 88; corresp. re, 95; 
 documents re, 97; management, 
 97; records re, 98; Treasury 
 Dept, manages, 94 
 Financial agent, Europe, 92 
 Financial records, customs collector 
 at Charleston, 131; State Dept., 
 82-83. See also Accounts, Dis¬ 
 bursements, Disbursing records. 
 Expenditures, Fiscal records 
 Fincastle, Va., niter and mining 
 dist. hdqrs., 244 
 Findlay Iron Works, 226 
 Finegan, Joseph, 283, 416 
 Fingal, blockade-runner, 368, 372, 
 373, 384 
 
 Finley, Jesse J., 44, 45 
 Finnie, T. J., 244 
 Firearms, patents, 402 
 Firefly , C.S.S., 110, 123, 358, 359 
 Fires, Columbia, S.C., 99; Nor¬ 
 folk Navy Yard, 380; Pensacola 
 Navy Yard, 382; Richmond, Va., 
 58, 152, 165, 170, 338, 352, 413; 
 Savannah Naval Station, 384 
 
 Fiscal records, customs service, 
 
 104; Trans-Miss. Dept. Cotton 
 Bur., 292 
 
 Fisher, Charles H., 45 
 Fisheries, 167 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Richard, 73, 78 
 Five Civilized Tribes, records, 214 
 Flag, design, 11; documents re, 19 
 Flag and Seal, House Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 24; Joint Committee on, 
 16 
 
 Flatboats, 410 
 Fleming, Nathan N., 319 
 Fleming, Walter L., 67 
 Flewellen, Edward A., 175, 180, 416 
 Florence, S.C., military prison, 
 
 250, 254 
 
 Florida, adopts secession, 1; Adju¬ 
 tant General’s Office, 408; chief 
 commissary, 168; chief tax collec¬ 
 tor, 116, 117; Clark returns from, 
 65; commandant of conscripts, 
 
 240; delegate signs Constitution, 
 
 2; depositaries, 126; district 
 court, 44; engineer officer in, 
 
 324; Federal incursions, 45; field 
 transportation, 162; forts, 324; 
 general of reserves, 303; mail 
 contracts, 394; military hospitals, 
 182; military service records, 
 
 406, 408; muster rolls, 145; niter 
 and mining service, 244; number 
 of Representatives, 14; occupied 
 by Union forces, 393; officers 
 serve in: Anderson, 314, Ash, 
 
 314, Beatty, 315, Jones, 323, 
 Taliaferro, 332, Wood, 336; 
 part of : Dept, of Ala. and W. 
 
 Fla., 262, Dept, of S. C., Ga., 
 and Fla., 282, Western Dept., 
 
 300; persons who sold cotton, 116; 
 post office accounts, 396; pris¬ 
 oners held in, 401; Produce Loan 
 agent, 115; quartermaster in, 320; 
 quartermaster purchasing officer, 
 153; railroads, 165; records of 
 troops, 304-305; regimental offi¬ 
 cers, 147, 148; sales of property, 
 98; secession ordinance, 5; 
 seizes : Apalachicola Arsenal, 
 
 219, Pensacola Navy Yard, 382; 
 State Comptroller, 406; surgeons 
 in, 319; Wood’s escape through, 69 
 
464 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Florida, C.S. cruiser, 77, 110, 
 
 361, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 
 370, 372, 377, 379 
 Florida , C.S. gunboat, 361, 380 
 Florida Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 199 
 
 Florida University, P. K. Yonge 
 Library of Florida History, 
 papers of Army officers : David¬ 
 son, 180, Yonge, 167; records 
 held by : customs collector at St. 
 Marks, 126, general hospital at 
 Pensacola, 182; Yonge papers, 
 
 46 
 
 Florrie, blockade-runner, 371, 372 
 Floyd, John B., 268, 416 
 Floyd House Hospital, Macon, Ga., 
 184 
 
 Fluvanna, Va., 349 
 Foard, Andrew J., 175, 176, 177, 
 319 
 
 Foard Hospital, Chattanooga, 
 
 Tenn., 190 
 
 Foard Hospital, Marietta, Ga., 185 
 Folsome, Israel, 214 
 Fontaine, Edward, 319 
 Food, imported from abroad, 168; 
 procured from the Navy, 347. 
 
 See also Provisions 
 Foote, Henry S., 24, 26, 27, 28, 
 29, 30 
 
 Forage, 139, 141, 206, 272, 281; 
 accounts, 161; requisitions for, 
 158, 412 
 
 Foraker, Joseph B., 18 
 Ford, Johns., 79, 297 
 Fords, 336; Va., 208 
 Foreign affairs, corresp. re, 66; 
 House Standing Committee on, 
 
 24; Standing Committee on, 10 
 Foreign agents. Treasury Dept., 
 
 97 
 
 Foreign Battalion, First, 148 
 Foreign battalions, officers, 148; 
 rolls, 145 
 
 Foreign commerce. Govt, control 
 of, 246 
 
 Foreign consuls, 37, 84; corresp. 
 with in Tex., 297; letters re, 
 
 80, 88; letters received, 85; 
 list, 84 
 
 Foreign countries, commrs. and 
 agents to, 82; depositaries in, 92; 
 
 judicial cases involving, 37; let¬ 
 ters to heads of, 68; negotiations 
 with, 72-73; refuse entry of 
 prizes, 338; State Dept, expenses 
 in, 98 
 
 Foreign currency, 82 
 Foreign debt, 115 
 
 Foreign governments, given infor¬ 
 mation re deceased servicemen, 
 
 233 
 
 Foreign relations, conducted by 
 State Dept., 72 
 
 Foreign Relations, Senate Standing 
 Committee on, 20 
 Foreign Supplies Bureau, War De¬ 
 partment, 246-247 
 Foreign Supply Office, Treasury 
 Agent for the Trans-Mississippi 
 West, 121 
 
 Foreign trade, corresp. re, 81 
 Foreigners, conscription, 85; ex¬ 
 emption, 84; imprisoned in Rich¬ 
 mond, 281; judicial cases involving, 
 37; naturalization, 56; passes for 
 travel, 74; prisoners in Richmond, 
 256 
 
 Forgery, 84, 102 
 
 Forges, 216, 220 
 
 Forney, John H., 263, 264, 267 
 
 Forno, Henry, 248 
 
 Forrest, Douglas F., 110, 371 
 
 Forrest, French, 339, 342, 343, 
 
 354, 355, 380, 381 
 Forrest, Nathan B., 142, 287, 319, 
 
 416 
 
 Forrest , C.S.S., 356 
 Forstall, Edmond J., 105 
 Fors 5 d;h, John, 86 
 Fort Beauregard, La., 324 
 Fort Belknap, Tex., 314 
 Fort Bend County, Tex., 133 
 Fort Brown, Tex., 79, 297 
 Fort Donelson, Tenn., 26, 259; 
 documents re, 262; surrender, 
 
 329 
 
 Fort Fillmore, N. Mex., 186 
 Fort Fisher, N.C., 186, 353 
 Fort Gaines Hospital, Ga., 184 
 Fort Gibson, Indian Terr., 214 
 Fort Henry, Tenn., 26; documents 
 re, 262 
 
 Fort Holmes, N. C., 271 
 Fort Jackson, La., 265 
 
INDEX 
 
 465 
 
 Fort Johnson, N.C., 271 
 Fort Johnson, S. C., 358 
 Fort Macon, N. C., 272 
 Fort Monroe, Va., Davis impris¬ 
 oned at, 64, 65; exchanged pris¬ 
 oners taken to, 234; peace 
 commrs. meet off, 70 
 Fort Morgan, Ala., 264, 265; 
 
 engineer officer, 267 
 Fort Morgan Hospital, Ala., 181 
 Fort Nelson Naval Hospital, Va., 
 364 
 
 Fort Norfolk, Va., 364 
 Fort Pickens, Fla., 382 
 Fort Powhatan, Va., 364 
 Fort Pulaski, Ga., 305, 360 
 Fort St. Philip, La., 265 
 Fort Scott, Kans., 211 
 Fort Smith, Ark., 212; occupied by - 
 U. S. forces, 213; post office, 
 
 399; quartermaster, 295; quar¬ 
 termaster depot, 153; telegraph 
 line to Little Rock, 397 
 Fort Stuart Hospital, Richmond, 
 
 Va., 203 
 
 Fort Sumter, S. C., 284; attack on, 
 9, 86, 131; comdr., 285; engi¬ 
 neer officer, 285; surrender, 81 
 Fort Warren, Mass., 70 
 Fort Worth Public Library, 407 
 Fortifications, arming, 206; 
 Galveston, 363; land used by, 
 
 401; maps, 208, 336; marines at, 
 352; Morris Island, 285; use of 
 slaves on, 155; work on, 204, 
 
 207. See also Defenses 
 Forts, Ala., 324; comdrs. ’ letters, 
 232; Fla., 324; La., 230; trans¬ 
 fer to Confederacy, 86 
 Foster, George R., 45 
 Foster, Thomas J., 26, 28, 30 
 Foundries, 216, 232; Bellona, 222; 
 Salisbury, 231 
 
 Fowler, Josephs., Jr., 272 
 France, affairs in, 77; agent in, 
 
 73, 89; Alabama sunk off coast 
 of, 367; diplomatic commrs. to, 
 72, 77, 78, 86, 88; ironclads 
 constructed in, 366; minister in 
 Mexico, 90; procurement agent 
 in, 348; propagandist in, 73; 
 Southerners in, 371; Stonewall 
 built in, 368 
 
 Franklin, La., 49 
 
 Franklin, N. C., 245 
 
 Franklin, Tex., general hospital, 
 
 190 
 
 Fraser, John, & Co., 82, 83 
 Fraser, R. E., 52 
 Fraser, Trenholm & Co., 82, 87, 
 100, 121; appointed depositary, 92; 
 letters to, 99; Owl delivered to, 
 372; payments to, 82 
 Frauds, Govt, contractors, 37 
 Frauds in Transportation on Rail¬ 
 roads, House Special Committee 
 To Examine into, 27 
 Fredericksburg, Va., medical pur¬ 
 veyor, 178; shipyard, 349 
 Fredericksburg , C.S.S., 354, 383 
 Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania 
 National Military Park Library, 
 330, 377 
 
 Fredericksburg Railroad, 282 
 Freeman, Douglas S., 18 
 Freight, carriage, 410 
 French, Samuel G., 271, 319, 416 
 French, Seth B., 167, 169, 170, 282 
 French consuls, 84; Charleston, 
 S.C., 81; New Orleans, 85; Rich¬ 
 mond, 32 
 
 French correspondents, 89 
 French Government, detains the 
 Rappahannock , 368; prevents de¬ 
 livery of vessels, 365 
 French military operations in 
 Mexico, 79 
 
 French officials, attitude toward 
 destruction of the Alabama, 88 
 French ports, admission of prize 
 vessels, 81 
 Frizzell, John, 165 
 Frolic, C.S.S., 370 
 Front Royal, Va., general hospital, 
 193 
 
 Frost, Daniel M., 295 
 Frost, Edward, 105 
 Fry, Joseph, 373, 380 
 Fuel, 98, 158, 174, 199, 206, 359, 
 370, 405 
 
 Fuel Supply at Chimborazo Hospital, 
 House Special Committee To In¬ 
 vestigate the, 31 
 Fulkerson, George H., 286 
 Fuller, Bartholomew, 391, 396 
 Fuller, Thomas C., 29 
 
466 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Fulminate of mercury, 220 
 Fulton, C.S. S., 382 
 Funds, 107; requests for, 100 
 Funsten, David, 29, 31 
 Fuqua, James O., 48 
 Furman, Charles M., 105 
 Furniture, 82, 158; hospital, 190, 
 202; patents, 402 
 
 Fuses, 220, 223, 227; manufacture, 
 380 
 
 Fuss, Jesse, 225 
 
 Gabbett, William, 244 
 Gaillard, E. S., 173 
 Gaines, Richard V., 163 
 Gaines , C.S.S., 360, 361, 378, 386 
 Gainesville, Fla., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241 
 
 Gains, R. M., 399 
 Gaither, Burgess S., 26, 29 
 Gallagher, George A., 60 
 Galloway, Swift, 257 
 Galt, George W., 339 
 Galveston, Tex., 56; battery at, 
 
 364; board of loan commrs. at, 
 105; British consul, 84; cotton 
 exports, 104; customs collector, 
 133; district court seat, 53, 54; 
 engineer troops at, 297; fortifi¬ 
 cations, 363; French vice con¬ 
 sul, 84; general hospital, 190; 
 hdqrs. Mil. Dist., 291; Owl 
 taken into, 372; revenue cutter 
 at, 123; shipping, 83 
 Galveston Bay, Tex., steam ves¬ 
 sels in, 363 
 
 Galveston County, Tex., 56 
 Galveston Harbor, lex., 293 
 Galveston Naval Station, Tex., 340 
 Galveston Squadron, 363 
 Gamble, Carey B., 288 
 Gamble, Robert H., 117 
 Gangrene, 172, 182, 251 
 Gardner, Frank, 264, 267 
 Gardner, William M., 236, 247, 
 249, 251, 255, 257 
 Garesch^, P. B., 375, 382 
 Garland, Augustus H., 25, 27, 29, 
 32 
 
 Garnett, Charles F. M., 209, 210, 
 346 
 
 Garnett, Edgar M., 61 
 Garnett, Harris T., 53, 54, 55 
 
 Garnett, Henry T., 116 
 Garnett, James M., 278 
 Garnett, Muscoe R. H., 26 
 Garnett, Richard B., 151, 275 
 Garnishment cases, 40, 46; Ala., 
 
 42, 43, 44; Fla., 45; Ga., 46, 47; 
 N. C., 50; Term., 53; Tex., 54, 
 
 55 
 
 Garrett, Thomas, 380 
 Garrett, William H., 212, 213 
 Garrison equipage, 158, 187, 289 
 Gartrell, Lucius J., 25 
 Gary, Martin W., 275 
 Garysburg, N.C., 241 
 Gaston, James, 184 
 Gates, W. W., 52 
 Gatewood, Robert, 233 
 Gatlin, Richard C., 271, 416 
 Gatling, Richard, 402 
 Gaulhac, Edward, 73 
 Gause, Samuel S., 277 
 Gayer, William J., 253 
 Gayle, Richard H., 372, 373 
 Geddings, W. H., 180 
 Gee, JohnH., 257, 258 
 Genella, Louis J., 378 
 General hospitals. See Hospitals, 
 general 
 
 General in Chief, Lee appointed, 259 
 General orders, 143-144, 173, 177, 
 178; recording, 140 
 General Polk, C.S.S., 361 
 General staff, 134, 260 
 Generals, appointment, 147; author¬ 
 ized to appoint courts-martial, 
 
 142; letters sent, 66, 67, 68; let¬ 
 ters to, 66, 165, 259; list, 304; 
 maps supplied to, 205; records 
 re , 409; roster, 146; staff officers 
 to, 419; telegrams to, 141, 163 
 Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration, 369 
 Geographical commands, 146 
 George Page , C.S.S., 354 
 Georgetown, S.C., cotton exports, 
 104; shipping, 83 
 
 Georgia, 299; adopts secession, 1; 
 chief commissary, 168, 225; chief 
 tax collector, 116, 117; comman¬ 
 dant, 240; Davis’ papers removed 
 from, 65; delegate signs Constitu¬ 
 tion, 2; depositaries, 127; district 
 court, 46, 93; engineers in, 336; 
 field transportation, 162; general 
 
INDEX 
 
 467 
 
 of reserves, 303; in the Dist. of 
 Ga., 286; iron agent, 346; iron 
 furnaces, 243; iron manufacture, 
 346; Jackson's division in, 319; 
 limestone works, 243; loan 
 commrs., 127; local defense 
 forces, 148; mail contracts, 394; 
 maps, 209, 336; medical pur¬ 
 veyor in, 179; military hospitals, 
 
 175, 176, 182-183, 288; military 
 officials’ corresp., 228; mili¬ 
 tary operations in, 207; military 
 prisons, 247; military service 
 records, 406, 408; muster rolls, 
 145; naval defenses, 357, 384; 
 niter and mining service, 243, 
 
 244; number of Representatives, 
 
 14; officers serve in: Ash, 314, 
 Gilmer, 320, Hill, 321, McLaws, - 
 325, Olmstead, 327, Polk, 329, 
 Taliaferro, 332; officials’ 
 corresp., 71; ordnance officers 
 in, 221, 223; ordnance works, 
 
 216; part of : Dept, of E. Tenn., 
 265, Dept. ofS.C., Ga., and 
 Fla., 282, Dept, of Tenn., 286; 
 persons who sold cotton, 116; 
 Produce Loan agent, 115; quar¬ 
 termaster purchasing officer, 
 
 153; quartermasters in, 164; 
 railroads, 165; records of troops, 
 305; regimental officers, 147, 
 
 148; sales of property, 98; seizes 
 arsenal, 220; Stephens : commr. 
 to, 69, delegate from, 62, 69, 
 returns to, 70; surgeons serve 
 in: Battey, 314, Bemiss, 315, 
 McLean, 325; tax-in-kind esti¬ 
 mates, 118; tax returns, 118; 
 Treasury Dept, field offices, 
 126-127 
 
 Georgia, C.S. S., 110, 358, 359, 
 
 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371 
 
 Georgia Department of Archives 
 and History, May Hospital re¬ 
 cords, 185; military service re¬ 
 cords, 406, 408; papers of Army 
 officers : Fulkerson, 286, 
 Longstreet, 325 
 
 Georgia Historical Society, cargo 
 manifests, 127; papers of Army 
 officers: Robertson, 286, Stout, 
 
 176, Wilson, 336, Wright, 336; 
 
 records held by : Chatham Artil¬ 
 lery, 305, Cavalry, 305, hospital 
 account book, 198, Savannah 
 Ordnance Depot roll, 232, Sumter 
 muster roll, 372 
 
 Georgia Relief and Hospital Associ¬ 
 ation in Richmond, 81 
 Georgia University Library, papers 
 of Army officers : Bragg, 316, 
 Cobb, 305, Jackson, 322; papers 
 of officials : Cobb, 33, Davis, 67, 
 Stephens, 71, Wright, 35; Perma¬ 
 nent Constitution, 3-4 
 Georgiana, C.S.S., 99, 365, 368, 
 369 
 
 Georgians, letters of, 70 
 German correspondents, 89 
 Germantown , C.S.S., 380 
 Getty, G. T., 224 
 Gettysburg, Pa., 70; casualties at, 
 307; retreat of Army of N. Va. 
 from, 328 
 
 Gholson, Thomas S., 29 
 Gibbes, Allen S., 115 
 Gibbes, James G., 108 
 Gibbes, Wade H., 320 
 Gibboney, William, 57 
 Gibbons, William H., 163 
 Gibbs, George C., 251, 255, 257 
 Gibraltar, Sumter at, 83 
 Gibson, Randall L., 306, 416 
 Giddings, J. D., 54, 55 
 Gift, George W., 360, 361, 384 
 Giles, Thomas T., 57 
 Giles Courthouse, Va., 267 
 Gill, W. G., 221 
 Gill, William P., 382 
 Gillaspie, W. M., 154 
 Gilmer, Jeremy F., 205, 206, 207, 
 208, 209, 284, 300, 320 
 Gilmer, John A., 24, 31, 257 
 Gilmer, Tex., manufacturing at, 
 
 289 
 
 Gilmor, Harry W., 320 
 Gilmore, John T., 273 
 Ginder, Henry, 320 
 Girard, C., 347 
 Girard, Charles F., 73, 74 
 Girardy, Victor J. B., 221 
 Gladden, AdleyH., 280 
 Gladney, James B., 115 
 Glasgow, Scotland, 365, 368 
 Glass, W. S., 54 
 
468 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Glenn, R. H., 215 
 
 Globe Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 
 199 
 
 Gloucester County, Va., 279 
 Gloucester Point, Va., 279, 364 
 Glover, James, 154 
 Godfrey, William R., 132 
 Godwin, Archibald C., 255, 256 
 Goggin, James M., 416 
 Gold, 100, 130 
 Gold dust, 117 
 Gold plate, 117 
 
 Goldsboro, N.C., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241; College Hospital, 187; 
 district court seat, 50, 51; 
 prisoners paroled at, 253; rail¬ 
 road transportation officer at, 
 
 165 
 
 Goliad, Tex., Foreign Supply Of¬ 
 fice agent, 121 
 Gomert, Adolph, 205 
 Gonzales, Tex., district court 
 seat, 54 
 
 Goode, John, Jr., 28, 30 
 Goodman, James M., 258, 271 
 Goodman, W. A., 416 
 Goodwyn, John W., 244 
 Goodwyn, Matthew P., 339 
 Gordon, J. T., 373 
 Gordon, James B., 275 
 Gordon , blockade-runner, 372 
 Gordon Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., 
 177 
 
 Gordonsville, Va., general hospi¬ 
 tal, 193 
 
 Goree, Thomas J., 320 
 Gorgas, Josiah, 69, 205, 215, 216, 
 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 
 
 228, 245, 347, 373 
 Government Buildings, Committee 
 on, 11 
 
 Graeme, Robert, 111 
 Graham, James A., 309, 320 
 Graham, William A., 22, 34 
 Grand juries, 39; Ariz. Terr., 58; 
 indictments by, 41; Tex., 55, 
 
 56; Va., 57. See also Juries 
 Grant, James H., 255 
 Grant, Ulysses S., 75, 236 
 Grant Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 
 199 
 
 Graves, Charles I., 361 
 Graves, Henry L., 353 
 
 Graves, William A., 376 
 Gray, Peter W., 27, 121, 129 
 Gray, W. G., 164, 165 
 Grayson, John B., 283 
 Grayson, T. F., 119 
 Grayson County, Va., 244 
 Graysville, Va., 250 
 Greaner’s (Greanor's) Hospital, 
 Richmond, Va., 199 
 Great Britain, claims against, 341, 
 342; Confederate ships in, 87; 
 diplomatic commr. to, 72, 77, 
 
 78; Foreign Office records, 80, 
 
 85, 369, 373; friends of the Con¬ 
 federacy, 87; General Register 
 and Record Office of Shipping and 
 Seamen, 369, 373; Parliament, 
 
 87; Public Record Office, 369, 
 
 373; war supplies obtained in, 134. 
 See also England 
 
 Great Seal, 7-8, 16, 24; device for, 
 11; documents re, 19; in custody 
 of State Dept., 74 
 Green, Bennett W., 367, 371 
 Green, John A., 54 
 Green, M. O., 54 
 Green, Martin E., 299 
 Green, T. C., 117 
 Green, Thomas, 292 
 Greene, Israel, 352 
 Greenhow, Rose O'Neal, 73, 75, 80, 
 371 
 
 Greeno, Charles L., 13 
 Greensboro, N.C., Buchanan at, 
 
 355; cabinet meets at, 64; chief 
 commissary at, 168; commissary 
 depot, 168; general hospital, 187; 
 Gilmer at, 284; inspector of field 
 transportation at, 163; niter and 
 mining dist. hdqrs., 244; War 
 Dept, records taken to, 135 
 Greensboro Ordnance Depot, N. C., 
 224 
 
 Greenville, N. C., 271 
 Greenville, S.C., district court 
 sessions, 51 
 Greenwood, A. R., 117 
 Greenwood, Miss., 387 
 Greer, Elkanah, 290 
 Greer, John S, , 297 
 Gregg, A., 339 
 Gregg, John, 263 
 Gregg, Maxcy, 321 
 
INDEX 
 
 469 
 
 Gregory, Samuel S., 367 
 Gregory, William, 87 
 Grenades, 220 
 
 Grenfel, George St. Leger, 90, 320 
 Grice, G. W., 154 
 Griffith, Richard, 105 
 Grimball, John, 367, 371 
 Grimes, Bryan, 320, 416 
 Griswold, Elias, 253, 259 
 Grog, 359 
 
 Guerin, Henry C., 168, 170 
 Guerrant, Edward O., 416 
 Guerrant, Peter, 277 
 Guerrillas, 411 
 Guild, Lafayette, 177, 416 
 Guirot, Anthony J., 122, 124, 125, 
 128, 129 
 
 Gulf of Mexico, 299, 340, 367 
 Gun carriages, 216, 217, 220; 
 manufacture, 374, 375, 379, 
 
 386; naval, 383, 385 
 Gun foundries, Columbus, 376; 
 naval, 384 
 
 Gunboat No. 1, C.S. S., 359 
 Gunboats, added to the Savannah 
 River Squadron, 358; construc¬ 
 tion, no, 349, 375, 376, 377, 
 380, 381, 383, 384, 386, 387; 
 conversion, 378; equipment for, 
 375; operations, 360, 362; prep¬ 
 aration, 379 
 
 Gunners, naval, 359, 364 
 
 Gunpowder, 227 
 
 Guns, 216, 227, 229, 230, 284, 
 
 309, 382; naval : 375, 381, 
 Brooke, 384-385, captured at 
 Norfolk, 345, 380, drawings, 
 
 385, manufacture, 346, 376, 
 
 384, 385, 386, returns, 359, 
 testing, 347; parrot, 227; siege, 
 403. See also Batteries, naval 
 Gunsmith shop, 232 
 Gunsmiths, 412 
 Gunstocks, 224, 225 
 Gunther, C. F., 339 
 Guthrie, John J., 339, 362 
 Guy, George T., 383 
 Gwathmey, W. H., 255 
 Gwathmey Factory Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 200 
 Gwynn, Walter, 271 
 
 Habeas corpus cases, 41; Ala., 43; 
 
 Ga., 46, 47;Tenn., 53; Tex., 
 
 54; Va., 56, 57 
 Habeas corpus writs, 41, 57 
 Haden, John M., 290 
 Hagood, Johnson, 416 
 Halifax, Canada, Holcombe to, 73; 
 
 Tallahassee’s cruise to, 368 
 Halifax, N. C., district court seat, 
 50 
 
 Halifax County, Va., 399 
 Halifax Naval Station, N.C., 376 
 Hall, James K., 180 
 Hall, JohnW., 135, 413 
 Halleck, Henry W., 135, 413 
 Halliburton, John G., 44 
 Halliburton, William H., 116 
 Halsey, John J., 276 
 Halyburton, James D., 56, 58 
 ' Hamilton, Daniel H., 51 
 Hamilton, Thomas D., 286, 320 
 Hamilton, Canada, 75 
 Hamilton’s Crossing, Orange 
 County, Va., 153 
 Hammond, J. H., 221 
 Hampden-Sydney College Library, 
 317 
 
 Hampton, Henry, 416 
 Hampton, S. W., 94 
 Hampton, Wade, 275, 279, 416 
 Hampton, Va. , 279 
 Hampton, C.S.S., 354 
 Hampton Roads, Battle of, 352, 354, 
 355; peace conference, 71 
 Hankel, Charles F., 119 
 Hand weapons, 347 
 Handley Library, Winchester, Va., 
 278 
 
 Handy, John H., 116 
 Hanes, Lewis C., 272, 320 
 Hanly, Thomas B., 26, 34 
 Hanning, George T., 3 
 Hanover Junction, Va., hospital, 
 
 193 
 
 Harbors, barriers, 204; improve¬ 
 ment, 15; obstructions, 354, 410 
 Hardee, William J., 269, 283, 286, 
 288, 320, 359, 416 
 Harden, Charles S., 127 
 Harden, Edward J., 46, 48 
 Harden, William D., 286 
 Harden, William P., 184 
 Harding, James, 222 
 Hardware, 205, 206, 372 
 
470 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Hare, S. 58 
 Harkie, C. B., 305 
 Harman, A. W., 276 
 Harmon, John A., 276 
 Harmon, Judson, 388 
 Harmon, L. G., 213 
 Harness, 162, 222, 298 
 Harnessmakers, 412 
 Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 230; 
 Jackson comdr. at, 322; pris¬ 
 oners delivered at, 250 
 Harpers Ferry Arsenal, Va., 218 
 Harrell, John L., 395 
 Harriet Lane , 56, 363 
 Harris, David B., 285, 321 
 Harris, Isaac R., 126 
 Harris, J. W. M., 113 
 Harris, Thomas A., 34, 247 
 Harris, Wiley P., 2 
 Harris County, Tex., 56 
 Harrison, Burton N., 62, 64, 65, 
 69, 78 
 
 Harrison, George W., 361 
 Harrison, James T., 34 
 Harrison, Thomas L., 361 
 Harrison, Thompson, 113 
 Harrison, Walter, 278 
 Harrisonburg, Va., depositary, 
 
 133 
 
 Hart, Simeon, 289 
 Hartford, Conn., 89 
 Hartridge, Julian, 24, 26, 27, 28, 
 29 
 
 Hartsville, Tenn., 262 
 Harvard University Library, micro¬ 
 films of papers, Stephens, 71 
 Harvey’s Scouts, 307 
 Harvie, Edwin J., 416 
 Harwood Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 200 
 
 Haskell, Alexander C., 321 
 Hatch, Francis H., 129 
 Hatch, William H., 234 
 Hatteras Inlet, N.C., captured by 
 U.S., 50 
 
 Hatton, Robert, 310, 416 
 Havana, Cuba, commercial agent 
 at, 74, 79, 92; Preston's des¬ 
 patches from, 79; supplies 
 transferred at, 134 
 Hawk. C. S. S., 369 
 
 Hawkins, George S., 44, 45 
 Hawks, Wells J., 276 
 Haxall, Crenshaw & Co., 167 
 Hay, John, 76 
 Hayes, Margaret Davis, 67 
 Hayes-Davis, Jefferson, 68 
 Haynes, LandonC., 20, 53 
 Haynes, M. L., 105 
 Haynes, Matthew T., 53 
 Haynes, William H., 297 
 Hays, Charles W., 384 
 Haywood, Edmund B., 187, 188 
 Headley, John W., 73, 90 
 Heart, John, 391 
 Hubert, Paul O., 265, 289, 290, 
 
 296, 363, 364 
 Hedrick, John J., 271 
 Heinrich, Oscar J., 346 
 Heiskell, Joseph B., 25, 26, 28, 29 
 Heiston, Thornton B., 416 
 Helm, Benjamin H., 288, 321, 416 
 Helm, Charles J., 74, 77, 78, 79, 
 121, 134 
 Hemp, 374 
 
 Hemphill, John, 11, 34 
 Henderson, H. A. M., 234, 252 
 Henderson, James L., 232 
 Hendren, John N., 100 
 Henrico County, Va., 268 
 Henry, Charles, 46 
 Henry, Gustavus A., 21 
 Henry, Patrick, 321 
 Henry Dodge, revenue cutter, 363 
 Henry E. Huntington Library, 
 Anderson papers, 218; papers 
 held by : T. A. Harris, 34, Lyons, 
 34; papers of Army officers: 
 Bragg, 316, Brent, 298, Buckner, 
 317, Early, 275, Hood, 288, John¬ 
 ston, 323, Lee, 274. Moore, 326, 
 Pickett, 328, Ruffin, 170, Stuart. 
 276, Tapscott, 333, Willis, 335; 
 papers of Congressmen : Branch, 
 33; papers of naval officers : 
 Kennon, 380, Maury, 366; papers 
 of officials : Bledsoe, 140; 
 records held by: 21st Va. Inf., 
 312 
 
 Herbert, Caleb C., 27, 30 
 Herbs, 178 
 
 Hercules. C.S.S., 369 
 
INDEX 
 
 471 
 
 Herdsmen, 412 
 Hester, Joseph G., 83 
 Heth, Henry, 265, 321 
 Heustis, James F., 173 
 Hewitt, Fayette, 261, 416 
 Heyliger, Louis, 74, 79, 80, 134 
 Hicks, William, 321 
 Hidell, William H., 70, 71 
 Higgins, Frank, 59 
 High, W. H., 50 
 
 High Point, N. C., wayside hospi¬ 
 tal, 187 
 
 Higham, Thomas, Jr., 108 
 Hill, Ambrose P., 142, 275 
 Hill, Benjamin H., 20, 21, 22, 34, 
 416 
 
 Hill, C. D., 162 
 
 Hill, Daniel H., 233, 271, 272, 280 
 286, 326, 416 
 
 Hill, Gabriel H., 291, 292, 417 
 Hill, William P., 53, 54 
 Hill County, Tex., 53 
 Hilliard, Henry W., 9 
 Hilton, Robert B., 26, 27 
 Hindman, Thomas C., 287, 288, 
 291, 295, 321, 417 
 Hines, Peter E., 172, 177, 417 
 Hines, Thomas H., 73, 90 
 Hirsch, Herman, 154 
 Historical societies, 404; tran¬ 
 scripts of documents from, 421 
 Hitchcock, Ethan A., 236 
 Hodge, George B., 27, 111, 417 
 Hodges, W. R., 339 
 Hodgkins, D. C., & Son, 226 
 Hodgkins, Samuel, 414 
 Hodgson, R. R. B., 45 
 Hoge, Francis L., 339 
 Hoke, Robert F., 272 
 Hoke’s Division Hospital, Peters¬ 
 burg, Va., 195 
 
 Holcombe, James P., 28, 73, 77, 
 79, 87 
 
 Holcombe Legion, 310 
 Holden, Mary, 70 
 Holder, William D., 30 
 Hollins, George N., 339, 362, 379, 
 380 
 
 Holloway, James M., 179, 321 
 Holly Springs, Miss., 307; district 
 court seat, 49; occupied by 
 Union forces, 224 
 Holly Springs Armory, Miss., 
 
 219, 224 
 
 Holmes, Francis S., 244 
 
 Holmes, J. L., 50 
 
 Holmes, Theophilus H., 271, 272, 
 
 289, 290, 291, 295, 303, 321, 417 
 Holmsley, James M., 297 
 Holt, William A., 187 
 Holt, William J., 322 
 Home guards, 410 
 Homesteads for Disabled Officers 
 and Soldiers, House Special Com¬ 
 mittee on, 27 
 
 Hood, John B., 279, 287, 288, 299, 
 322, 417 
 
 Hood Hospital, Cuthbert, Ga., 183 
 Hoole, Williams., 370 
 Hooper, H. R., 154 
 Hooper, Johnson J., 12 
 . Hope, William M., 377 
 Hopewell, Va., 234 
 Hopkins, Arthur F., 195 
 Hopkins, Juliet Opie, 195 
 Hornet , C.S.S., 383 
 Horses, 298, 305, 334; appraisement, 
 261, 262, 311; artillery, 162, 163; 
 captured, 164; claims, 111, 112, 113; 
 impressed, 112, 164; supply of, 
 
 163; surveys, 249; transportation, 
 160; valuation, 160 
 Horseshoes, 216, 221, 231 
 Hospital expenses, payment of, 98 
 Hospital fund, 110 
 
 Hospital guards, Chimborazo Gen¬ 
 eral Hospital, 196; Jackson Gen¬ 
 eral Hospital, 202; Richmond, 268; 
 rolls, 145 
 
 Hospital stores, 171, 181, 202, 272 
 Hospital supplies, 191, 204, 307; 
 accounts, 179, 184, 191, 199, 200, 
 201; Army of Tenn., 176; in¬ 
 voices, 158, 178, 193; issues, 179, 
 188; list, 192, 194; procurement, 
 178-180; records re, 178-179; 
 requisitions, 178, 185, 188, 191, 
 
 196, 201, 202; vouchers, 188, 199 
 Hospitals, fees, 110. See also Ma¬ 
 rine hospitals and names of 
 hospitals 
 
 Hospitals, general, 180; Atlanta, 183; 
 chaplains for, 151; Charlotte, 186; 
 Charlottesville, 191; Culpeper 
 Courthouse, 191; Danville, 192; 
 
 El Paso, 190; Emory, 192; 
 
472 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Farmville, 192; Franklin, 190; 
 Front Royal, 193; Galveston, 190; 
 Goldsboro, 187; Gordonsville, 
 
 193; Greensboro, 187; Houston, 
 190; KittrelFs Springs, 272; 
 
 Lake City, 182; Lauderdale 
 Springs, 186; Lexington, 193; 
 Liberty, 193; Lynchburg, 194; 
 Marion, 181; matrons, 196; medi¬ 
 cal directors in charge of, 172; 
 Mount Jackson, 194; Orange Court¬ 
 house, 192; Pensacola, 182; 
 Petersburg, 194; Raleigh, 177, 
 
 187, 188, 272; regulations, 193; 
 Richmond, 196-203; Savannah, 
 
 185; Shelby Springs, 182; Shreve¬ 
 port, 185; stewards, 199, 200; 
 
 Va., 175; Wilmington, 188; 
 Wilson, 189; Winchester, 204 
 Hospitals, House Special Commit¬ 
 tee on, 27 
 
 Hospitals, military, 170, 309; 
 
 Ala., 176; Army of Pensacola, 
 280; Army of Term., 288; 
 
 Atlanta, 183; boards of exam¬ 
 iners, 180; construction, 153; 
 control of, 172; cooks, 180; 
 
 Dept, of Ala., Miss., and E. 
 
 La., 264; employees, 159, 176; 
 establishment, 181; funds, 173; 
 furnishing, 204; Georgia, 175, 
 
 176; inspections, 171, 172; 
 laundresses, 180; letters re, 
 
 171; letters to, 171; lists, 181; 
 matrons, 171, 180, 197; 
 
 Memphis, 288; Miss., 176; 
 muster rolls, 171; nurses, 171, 
 
 180, 187; operation, 181; patients, 
 145, 171, 173, 174, 233; person¬ 
 nel, 145, 171, 180, 181; pharma¬ 
 cists, 180; physicians' services 
 at, 113; prisoners in, 249; pro¬ 
 vision returns, 171; records, 180; 
 registers, 180, 405; returns, 
 
 412; returns of deceased men, 
 
 112; returns of property, 171; 
 Richmond, 11, 81, 161, 170, 173; 
 soldiers detailed to, 180; soldiers 
 in, 161; staffs, 249; stewards, 
 
 174, 177, 180, 194, 203, 409; 
 Tenn., 175, 176; Tex., 298; 
 
 Va., 170, 175; Va. Inf., 312; 
 Wilmington, 170; Wilson, N.C., 
 
 272 
 
 Hospitals, military prison, Ander- 
 sonville, 182, 251; Belle Isle, 195; 
 Cahaba, 252; Camp Lawton, 250, 
 252; Danville, 254; Lynchburg, 
 
 254; Richmond, 200, 250, 256, 
 
 257; Salisbury, 258; Wilmington, 
 188, 189 
 
 Hospitals, naval, 349, 359, 412; 
 Pensacola, 382; Savannah, 360 
 
 Hospitals, way, authorized, 180; 
 Charleston, 189; Columbia, 189; 
 Farmville, 193; High Point, 187; 
 Lynchburg, 194; Meridian, Miss., 
 186; Richmond, 199 
 
 Hospitals in Richmond, House Special 
 Committee To Visit, 26 
 
 Hostages, 411 
 
 Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 208, 275, 276, 
 277, 278 
 
 Hotels, 410 
 
 Hottel, John M., 165 
 
 Hotze, Henry, 72, 74, 77, 78, 87, 
 88-89 
 
 House Committee on Naval Affairs, 
 letters to, 342 
 
 House of Representatives, amend¬ 
 ments to Senate bills, 18; bills : 
 
 18, 26-31, 32, clerks' pay, 28, 
 compensation for a patent, 29, 
 conscription, 30, currency, 27, 
 impressments, 29, military force, 
 
 31, pay and mileage, 29, relief of 
 taxpayers, 30, soldiers' home, 
 
 28, State claims, 30; committee 
 reports, 32; committees, 31; 
 journal, 15, 31; letters to, 31, 235; 
 Members : admission, 31, cre¬ 
 dentials, 32, election, 14, lists of, 
 
 32, number, 24, roll, 31; mes¬ 
 sages from the Senate, 32; mes¬ 
 sages to the Senate, 17, 23; offi¬ 
 cers' election, 31; printed 
 documents, 18; records, 31-32; 
 reports: 26-31, Army pay and 
 clothing, 30, capitulation of 
 Roanoke Island, 26, charges 
 against V. K. Stevenson, 26, 
 claims, 29, committees, 31, cor¬ 
 ruption, 28, currency, 27, enemy 
 outrages, 28, exemption of State 
 officers, 30, Foote, 30, pris¬ 
 oners of war, 31, proceedings of 
 
INDEX 
 
 473 
 
 Congress, 29, Richmond hos¬ 
 pitals, 26, salt manufacture, 28, 
 soldiers’ claims, 28, treatment 
 of prisoners, 27, Va. war tax 
 collector, 27; resolutions : 27- 
 30, 32, exemption of State offi¬ 
 cers, 31, impressment, 29; 
 rules, 25, 31; select committees, 
 26-31; special committees, 26-31; 
 standing committees, 24-25. 
 
 See also Clerk of the House of 
 Representatives, Congress, Rep¬ 
 resentatives, Speaker of the House 
 Houston, Tex., Army officers at, 
 362; chief commissary at, 168; 
 district court seat, 53; engineer 
 troops at, 297; Foreign Supply 
 Office agent, 121; general hospi¬ 
 tal, 190; manufacturing at, 289; 
 medical purveyor, 178; military 
 hospital, 298; post comdrs., 
 
 292; Produce Loan agent, 115; 
 quartermaster depot, 289; Sig¬ 
 nal Corps, 292; telegraph line 
 to New Orleans, 397; Texas 
 Cotton Office, 292 
 Howard, B. F., 312 
 Howard, Russel, 59 
 Howard College Library, records 
 held by, prescription book, 181 
 Howard’s Grove Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 201 
 Howe, Milton G., 297 
 Howell, Margaret, 65 
 Howell, William F., 347 
 Hoyer & Ludwig, 118, 158 
 Hubbard, David, 210, 211, 214, 215, 
 221 
 
 Hudson, Thomas J., 240, 242 
 Huger, Benjamin, 235, 290, 381 
 Huger, John M., 49 
 Hull, George G., 209 
 Hull, Henry, 126 
 Humphreys, F. C., 222, 223 
 Humphreys, West H., 52, 53 
 Hunley, Horace L., 378 
 Hunley , C.S.S., 377, 378 
 Hunt, William H., 46 
 Hunt, William R., 223, 244, 246 
 Hunter, John H., 203 
 Hunter, Robert M. T., 9, 10, 19, 
 
 22, 34, 70, 74, 77, 82 
 Hunter, William W., 339, 345, 
 
 358, 359, 360, 363, 364 
 Huntington Library. See Henry E. 
 
 Huntington Library 
 Huntress , C.S.S., 358 
 Huntsville, Ala., district court 
 terms, 42; Produce Loan agent, 
 115; quartermaster depot, 153, 
 
 154; U. S. occupation, 42 
 Huntsville, Tex., manufacturing at, 
 289 
 
 Huntsville , C.S. S., 360, 377, 386 
 Huse, Caleb, 77, 87, 88, 134, 140, 
 216, 218, 223 
 Hutchins, W. J., 292 
 Hyatt, A. W., 417 
 Hydraulics, 402 
 Hydrography, 345 
 Hyer, Henry, 105 
 Hyllested, Waldemar, 292 
 
 Iglehart, Osborn S., 361 
 Illinois State Historical Library, 
 
 139, 172 
 
 Imboden, John D., 249, 273, 275, 
 278, 322 
 
 Import duties, 95, 96, 104, 122; 
 Charleston, 131; Laredo, 133; 
 Mobile, 123; refunds, 98 
 Imports, 94, 155; Charleston, 131; 
 copper, 244; Laredo, 133; lead, 
 244; metals, 346; Mobile, 123; 
 New Orleans, 127; niter, 243. 
 
 See also Merchandise, Procure¬ 
 ment 
 
 Impressment, Army supplies, 153, 
 154; by the Army, 111; cotton, 294 
 field transportation, 162, 289; 
 horses, 164; mules, 164; Negroes, 
 260; railroad iron, 210; State 
 court decisions re, 42; subsist¬ 
 ence stores, 168; Va., 57 
 Impressment Law, House Special 
 Committee on Violations in East 
 Tennessee and Southwestern Vir¬ 
 ginia, 29 
 
 Impressments, House Select Com¬ 
 mittee on, 30 
 
 Impressments, House Special Com¬ 
 mittee on, 29 
 
 Impressments, Joint Special Com¬ 
 mittee on, 16 
 
 Inauguration, Committee on, 11, 15 
 Income, tax on, 117 
 
474 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Indebtedness, 86; certificates of, 120 
 Index, The, 72, 73, 89 
 Indian affairs, corresp. re, 81 
 Indian Affairs, House Standing 
 Committee on, 24 
 Indian Affairs, Senate Standing 
 Committee on, 20 
 Indian Affairs, Standing Committee 
 on, 10 
 
 Indian Affairs Bureau, 210-211 
 Indian Affairs Commissioner, 210, 
 211, 212; letters to, 213; to in¬ 
 struct agents, 213 
 Indian Affairs Superintendent, 212, 
 213 
 
 Indian agents, 211; accounts, 212; 
 appointment, 212; letters sent, 
 213; letters to, 213; receipts for 
 funds, 213; records, 214 
 Indian Chief , C.S. S., 375 
 Indian Country, judiciary, 60-61; 
 
 part of the Dist. of Ark., 295 
 Indian Territory, admission as 
 Okla., 213; Bee serves in, 315; 
 part of : Trans-Mississippi 
 Dept., 289, Trans-Miss. Dist., 
 300; post offices, 392; Steele 
 comdr., 332 
 Indian Town, Va., 349 
 Indian trade, license papers, 213; 
 regulation, 10 
 
 Indian tribes, confederate with the 
 Confederacy, 302; delegates in 
 House of Representatives, 24; 
 grand council, 296; regiments, 
 302; relations with, 134, 210- 
 211 
 
 Indian troops, 211; officers, 148; 
 rolls, 145 
 
 Indian Wells, N.C., 364 
 Indians, grand council, 214; letters 
 to chiefs, 213; prairie tribes, 
 
 296; refugees, 211, 212; supplies 
 furnished to, 213; treaties, 5, 7, 
 24, 211, 212, 214, 215 
 Individuals, corresp., 169, 363; 
 letters sent, 107, 141, 156, 228; 
 letters to, 137, 141, 156, 206, 
 
 292, 385, 392, 402; subscribe to 
 Govt, loans, 107. See also Citi¬ 
 zens 
 
 Industrial firms, letters sent, 228; 
 letters to, 141, 206, 219, 220, 
 
 226, 227, 229, 231, 232, 347, 
 
 385; records, 218 
 
 Industrial plants, 160; records re, 
 
 410; Richmond, Va., 63 
 
 Industry, no customs duties for, 15 
 
 Infantry, Maryland, 275; mounted, 
 
 148 
 
 Infantry battalions, 148; North Caro ¬ 
 lina : 1st, 308, 2d, 324; Tennes¬ 
 see: 23d, 310 
 
 Infantry organizations, rolls, 145 
 
 Infantry regiments, 406; Alabama: 
 
 1st, 304, 318, 4th, 319, 5th, 327, 
 7th, 336, 16th, 267, 17th, 304, 
 
 19th, 304, 322, 24th, 304, 25th, 
 304, 26th, 325, 28th, 304, 34th, 
 304, 39th, 304, 318, 45th, 304, 
 58th, 353; Arkansas : 1st, 304, 
 
 3d, 304; Florida : 11th, 304; 
 Georgia: 1st, 327, 1st Regulars, 
 323, 4th, 191, 336, 10th, 305, 
 
 12th, 335, 16th, 327, 17th, 275, 
 25th, 336, 38th, 336, 47th, 305, 
 55th, 305; Kentucky: 305, 2d, 305, 
 4th, 305, 306, 5th, 305, 6th, 305, 
 9th, 305; Louisiana: Crescent, 
 
 306, 1st, 306, 2d, 306, 7th, 306, 
 9th, 333, 16th, 306; Mississippi: 
 
 3d, 306, 7th, 307, 331, 8th, 331, 
 9th, 307, 10th, 307, 332, 18th, 319, 
 21st, 307, 22d, 307, 24th, 307, 
 27th, 307, 29th, 307, 30th, 307, 
 34th, 307, 37th, 307, 40th, 307, 
 41st, 307; Missouri: 2d, 308, 
 
 3d, 308, 5th, 308, 6th, 308; 
 
 North Carolina: 3d, 324, 4th, 
 
 277, 317, 320, 327, 5th, 308, 324, 
 6th, 333, 12th, 308, 309, 13th, 
 
 309, 15th, 326, 20th, 308, 21st, 
 
 272, 309, 331, 22d, 275, 328, 
 
 23d, 308, 24th, 272, 318, 333, 
 
 27th, 309, 28th, 277, 333, 30th, 
 315, 33d, 277, 331, 35th, 317, 
 
 37th, 309, 38th, 309, 44th, 332, 
 46th, 319, 47th, 330, 48th, 320, 
 49th, 276, 50th, 336, 53d, 327, 
 54th, 328, 55th, 327, 60th, 308; 
 Regular Army, 302; South Caro- 
 lina: 2d, 309, 4th, 309, 6th, 309, 
 10th, 310, 14th, 309, 310, 331, 
 
 15th, 310, 17th, 310, 326, 19th, 309, 
 24th, 317, 25th, 310; Tennessee : 
 
 1st, 289, 310, 326, 7th, 310, 18th, 
 
INDEX 
 
 475 
 
 310, 26th, 310, 30th, 331, 32d, 
 
 310, 45th, 310; Texas: 2d, 332, 
 4th, 191, 11th, 330, 13th, 191, 
 
 311, 14th, 318, 15th, 133, 16th, 
 
 317, 20th, 322; Virginia: 1st, 
 
 312, 2d, 312, 3d, 311, 5th, 312, 
 8th, 315, 9th, 312, 10th, 312, 
 nth, 276, 278, 12th, 277, 312, 
 13th, 312, 15th, 311, 16th, 318, 
 18th, 277, 21st, 279, 312, 23d, 
 332, 25th, 312, 26th, 312, 29th, 
 335, 31st, 312, 32d, 312, 40th, 
 312, 42d, 312, 44th, 312, 45th, 
 311, 318, 50th, 330, 51st, 312, 
 54th, 311, 312, 59th, 312, 63d, 
 
 311 
 
 Infantry School of Practice, rolls, 
 145 
 
 Ingraham, Duncan N., 339, 346, 
 357, 375, 382 
 
 Ingraham, John H., 365, 366 
 Injunction cases, Tex., 55 
 Inspection Office, Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office, 140; 
 records, 141, 142 
 
 Inspection Office, Post Office De¬ 
 partment, 394, 396 
 Inspections, 140; arms factories, 
 219; field transportation, 162, 
 
 163, 289; hospitals, 171, 172, 
 
 173; medical, 170; notes, 335; 
 reports : 142, 156, 239, 332, 
 
 405, 412, Army of N. Va., 279, 
 Army of Tenn., 288, arsenals, 
 218, Dept, of Richmond, 281, 
 Dept, of S. C., Ga., and Fla., 
 283, 285, hospitals, 264, min¬ 
 ing, 245, prisons, 249; ship¬ 
 building, 350 
 
 Inspector general of camps and 
 prisons, 247, 249 
 Inspector-general of conscription, 
 237 
 
 Inspector General of Field Trans¬ 
 portation, 162-164 
 Inspector of arsenals, 215 
 Inspector of ordnance, 215 
 Inspector of ordnance and artillery, 
 215 
 
 Inspector of small arms, 215 
 Inspectors, 145 
 
 Inspectors-general, 144; Army of 
 N. Va., 275, 278, 279; Army of 
 
 the Peninsula, 280; Army of 
 Tenn., 287; Dist. of Indian Terr., 
 295, 296; Military Div. of the 
 West, 300; Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 293, 296; under Beauregard, 330; 
 under Bragg, 320 
 
 Inspectors of conscription, 237; Va., 
 
 242 
 
 Inspectors of field transportation, 
 assignments, 163; letters sent, 
 
 163; letters to, 163; quartermas¬ 
 ters designated as, 162; telegrams 
 to, 163 
 
 Inspectors of naval ordnance, 346 
 Institutions, subscribe to Govt, 
 loans, 107 
 
 Instruments, hospital, 202 
 Insurance companies, letters sent, 
 107; records, 410 
 Insurance policies, 156, 410 
 Insurrection, 91 
 
 Interest, payment of, 100, 101; re¬ 
 ceipts from, 101 
 
 Interest certificates, signing, 104 
 Interest Division, First Auditor's 
 Office, 108 
 
 Internal improvements, 15 
 Intrenching tools, 205 
 Invalid Corps, 150, 409; examining 
 board reports, 170; officers of, 
 
 149; rolls, 145 
 Invalid Corpsmen, 412 
 Inventions, 87, 228; European, 78; 
 
 naval, 339; patents for, 402, 403 
 Ireland, John, 54 
 Ireland, 73; commr. to, 72; des¬ 
 patches from agents in, 78 
 Irion, J. L., 322 
 Irish Jasper Greens, 305 
 Iron, mining, 346, 410; procurement, 
 246, 346, 361, 374; production, 
 
 243 
 
 Iron Works Office, Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Dept., 290 
 
 Ironclads, construction, 342, 351, 
 360, 361, 366, 369, 375, 376, 
 
 377, 379, 380, 383, 384, 385, 
 
 386; contract for, 365 
 Ironworks, 239, 245; Ala., 245; 
 
 Columbus, 376; records, 410 
 Irvin, David, 46 
 
 Irwinville, Ga., Davis captured at, 
 64, 65 
 
476 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Isaac Smith, U. S.S., 252 
 Island Queen , 74 
 Isle of Hope, Ga., 286 
 Isondiga, C.S.S., 110, 358, 359 
 Italian correspondents, 89 
 Italian Government, attitude 
 towards Confederacy, 78 
 Italy, 78 
 
 Iverson, John F., 253, 254 
 Ives, Joseph C., 63, 69 
 Ivy , C.S.S., 361, 362 
 
 Jackson, Alexander M., 59 
 Jackson, Henry R., 46, 322, 417 
 Jackson, Howell E., 53 
 Jackson, John K., 270, 283, 288, 
 322, 417 
 
 Jackson, Thomas A., 339, 375, 
 
 382 
 
 Jackson, Thomas J., 151, 254, 273, 
 275, 276, 278, 318, 322, 332, 
 333, 335, 402, 417 
 Jackson, William H., 287, 319, 
 
 322, 417 
 
 Jackson, Miss., Asst. Treasurer 
 at, 122, 128, 129; board of loan 
 commrs. at, 105; district court 
 seat, 49; hospital, 185; interest 
 payments at, 107; medical depot, 
 178; navy paymaster, 364, 377; 
 niter and mining dist. hdqrs., 
 244; parole camp, 234, 235; 
 Produce Loan agent, 115; quar¬ 
 termaster depot, 154; quarter¬ 
 master purchasing officer, 153; 
 surgeon, 332 
 
 Jackson, Tenn., district court 
 seat, 52 
 
 Jackson , C.S.S., 110, 361 
 Jackson Arsenal, Miss., 224 
 Jackson General Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 202 
 
 Jackson Naval Station, Miss., 344, 
 376 
 
 Jackson’s bridge. La., 298 
 Jacksonville, Fla., Davis'papers 
 shipped from, 65; prisoners 
 delivered, 250 
 Jacoway, John G., 46 
 Jailhouse Prison. Columbia, S.C., 
 253 
 
 Jailhouse Prison, Richmond, Va., 
 255 
 
 Jails, 410; Knoxville, 266 
 James, George W,, 245 
 James Island, S. C., 284, 305, 358 
 James River, 110, 270, 281; armory, 
 230; Belle Isle, 255; Bellona Ar¬ 
 senal, 222; Camp Beall, 352; 
 mines laid in, 351; Naval Academy, 
 345; naval batteries, 364; navy 
 yard, 383; prisoner exchange 
 point, 234 
 
 James River Squadron, 340, 344, 
 
 345, 354-356, 364, 371, 378, 379, 
 381, 383 
 
 Jamestown. C.S.S., 354, 355 
 Jamestown Island, Va., 279, 364 
 Jamison, Sanders G., 119 
 Jefferson, John R., 53 
 Jefferson, Tex., 294; quartermaster 
 depot, 289 
 
 Jemison, Robert, Jr., 348 
 John, Joseph R., 43 
 John Tracy , 135 
 
 Johns, Edward W,, 173, 175, 178, 179, 
 180 
 
 Johns Hopkins University Library, 
 microfilm of Stephens papers, 71 
 Johnson, Andrew, issues amnesty, 
 
 64 
 
 Johnson, Bradley T., 139, 257, 258, 
 275, 417 
 
 Johnson, BushrodR., 322, 417 
 Johnson, Charles J., 269 
 Johnson, D. S., 383 
 Johnson, Edward, 276, 278, 335 
 Johnson, Herschel V., 34 
 Johnson, Jilson P., 32 
 Johnson, John, 284, 285, 380 
 Johnson, L. J., 242 
 Johnson, Robert W., 20, 22 
 Johnson, Waldo P., 22, 34 
 Johnson County, Tex., 53 
 Johnson's Island, Ohio, 74, 336 
 Johnston, Albert S., 63, 269, 270, 
 300, 301, 323, 329, 415, 417 
 Johnston, Charles B., 296 
 Johnston, George, 162, 163 
 Johnston, J. C., 240, 241 
 Johnston, J. Stoddard, 266 
 Johnston, James D., 361 
 Johnston, James L., 376 
 Johnston, John W., 57 
 Johnston, Joseph E., 64, 66, 67, 
 
 135, 237, 273, 280, 287, 288, 299, 
 
INDEX 
 
 477 
 
 313, 314, 320, 323, 401, 417 
 Johnston, JosiahS., 288 
 Johnston, Robert, 26, 27, 29, 280, 
 311 
 
 Johnston, Samuel R., 277 
 Johnston, Theodore, 263 
 Johnston, William B., 105, 126 
 Johnston, William P., 63, 64, 69 
 Jones, A. C., 237 
 Jones, Catesby ap R., 221, 339, 
 
 356, 383, 385 
 
 Jones, C. Lucian, 339, 356 
 Jones, Charles C., Jr., 65, 67 
 Jones, F. M., 375 
 Jones, Frank, 414 
 Jones, Frank F., 215, 230 
 Jones, George W., 25, 27, 34 
 Jones, H. C., 50 
 Jones, J. A., 417 
 Jones, James F., 244 
 Jones, James S., 342 
 Jones, John B., 69, 136 
 Jones, John W., 119, 139 
 Jones, Joseph, 172, 182, 191, 251 
 Jones, Pride, 50 
 Jones, Robert M., 24, 81 
 Jones, Samuel, 254, 263, 265, 266, 
 270, 280, 283, 284, 323, 417 
 Jones, Wesley, 50 
 Jones, William E., 266, 273 
 Jones, William G., 42 
 Jones, McElwain & Co., 224 
 Jonesboro, Tenn., parole camp, 
 
 235 
 
 Jonesborough, Tenn., 244 
 Jordan, Charles E., 44 
 Jordan, Thomas, 285, 323 
 Josselyn, Robert, 62, 98 
 Journals, Constitutional Convention, 
 12; Cornubia, 373; Fort Sumter, 
 284; Govt, loans, 106; Individuals : 
 Austin, 264, Campbell, 69, 
 
 Cary, 369, 371, Chew, 371, 
 Hunter, 364, Johnson, 285, 
 Johnston, 288, LeConte, 245, 
 Lining, 371, Maffitt, 372, Mason, 
 371, Quinn, 371, Semmes, 369, 
 Sheeran, 277; naval vessels : 
 Alabama , 370, Bayou City , 363, 
 Dodge , 363, Florida, 361, 
 Sampson, 360; N.C. Art., 309; 
 
 N. C. Inf., 309; Treasury stock, 
 106; Va. Inf., 312. See also 
 
 Diaries 
 
 Judge Advocate’s Office, Adjutant 
 and Inspector General’s Office, 
 
 140; records, 143 
 Judge advocates, appointed, 142; 
 attached to military courts, 143; 
 laws distributed to, 6; on Bragg’s 
 staff, 334 
 
 Judges, appointments: 63, Ala., 42, 
 48, Ark., 44, Fla., 44, 45, 48, 
 Ga., 46, Indian country, 60, La., 
 48, Miss., 49, N.C., 50, 51, 
 
 S. C., 48, Tenn., 52, Tex., 53, 
 Va., 56, 57; authorized to appoint 
 attorneys, 39; designate court 
 meeting places, 36; increase, 36; 
 laws distributed to, 6; letters to, 
 66; list of, 401; local, 103; mili¬ 
 tary courts, 142; tenure, 38 
 Judicial districts, established, 36. 
 
 See also District courts 
 Judicial power, constitutional pro¬ 
 vision, 36 
 
 Judiciary, 10; appointments, 81; ex¬ 
 penses, 98; laws distributed to, 6; 
 records, 415 
 
 Judiciary, House Standing Committee 
 on the, 25 
 
 Judiciary, Senate Standing Committee 
 on the, 20 
 
 Judiciary, Standing Committee on 
 the, 11 
 
 Juno , C.S.S., 357 
 
 Juries, 38; Ariz. Terr., 59; fees, 
 
 48; La., 49; N. C., 51; Va., 58. 
 
 See also Grand juries 
 Jurors, 38, 41; district courts, 40; 
 
 Tex., 55 
 Jury cases, 51 
 
 Justice Department, 400-403; 
 accounts, 98, 108; adheres to 
 doctrine of stare decisis, 41; 
 congressional journals to be de¬ 
 posited in, 12; digest of laws, 11; 
 established, 9; funds supplied by, 
 56; preserves laws and resolu¬ 
 tions, 5; stocks printed acts, 5. 
 
 See also Attorney General 
 Justices of the peace, 57; Ariz. 
 
 Terr., 58, 59 
 
 Kanawha Valley, 336 
 Kane, John, 222 
 
478 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Kansas, 295; Indians flee to, 
 
 211 
 
 Kean, Robert G. H., 135, 136, 140 
 Kean, Robert H., 140 
 Kearsarge , U.S.S., 89, 367 
 Keatinge & Ball, 118 
 Keitt, Lawrence M., 34, 285 
 Keizer, Jacob, 57 
 Kell, John M., 356, 371, 372 
 Kelly, William W., 360 
 Kelly, William W. J., 347, 377 
 Kemper, James L., 303, 312 
 Kenan, Owen R., 26 
 Kennedy, Charles H., 339, 360 
 Kennedy, D. N., 117 
 Kennedy, Francis M., 277 
 Kennedy, Robert C., 90 
 Kennedy, Thomas H., 121 
 Kenner, Duncan F., 2, 25, 72, 75, 
 88 
 
 Kennon, Beverly, 379, 380 
 Kennon, Richard B., 279 
 Kenny, John, 57 
 Kentucky, 299; admission, 9; 
 commandant of conscripts, 240; 
 conscripts, 242; medical direc¬ 
 tors serve in, 177; military 
 operations in, 207; military 
 service records, 406, 408; num¬ 
 ber of Representatives, 15; 
 officers serve in : Clayton, 318, 
 Hardee, 321, Polk, 329; post 
 offices, 391, 392; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 154; records 
 of troops, 305-306; regimental 
 officers, 147, 148; secession 
 ordinance, 5; Senators appointed, 
 15; telegraph line through, 397; 
 U.S. control in, 15 
 Kentucky, Adjutant General’s 
 Office, 408 
 
 Kentucky Historical Society, mili¬ 
 tary service records, 408; 
 
 Smith papers, 332 
 Kentucky University Library, 
 
 papers of Army officers : Helm, 
 321, Imboden, 322; Davis papers, 
 68; Hines papers, 90 
 Kernstown, Va., battle, 151 
 Kershaw. Joseph B., 275, 417 
 Kershaw, T. B., 89 
 Keswick, Va., 349 
 Key West, Fla., admiralty court 
 
 authorized for, 45; British vice 
 consul, 84; French agent, 84; 
 marine hospital, 123 
 Keyes, Wade, 48, 400, 401 
 Kickapoo Indians, 211 
 Killian’s Mills, S.C., 253 
 King, John F., 323 
 King, John R., 296, 297 
 King, Thomas Butler, 393 
 Kinney, Alexander F., 133 
 Kinney, D. H., 209 
 Kinston, N. C., casualties near, 
 
 272; commissary at, 272; field 
 hospital, 194 
 
 Kinston Naval Station, N.C., 376- 
 377 
 
 Kiowa Indians, agency records, 214 
 Kirkland, Jesse R., 323 
 Kirkley, Joseph W., 420 
 Kirkwood & Knox, 375 
 Kittrell’s Springs, N.C., general 
 hospital, 272 
 Kline, John J., 49 
 Klumph, Joseph E., 268, 299 
 Knox, Dudley W., 339 
 Knox, William, 105 
 Knox, William W., 43 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 267; attack on, 
 
 325; depositary, 132; district 
 court seat, 52, 53; jail, 266; ord¬ 
 nance works, 219; post comdr., 
 266, 267; prisoners in, 138; quar¬ 
 termaster depot, 154; quartermas¬ 
 ter purchasing officer, 154; 
 Zollicoffer’s brigade at, 261 
 Krenson & Hawkes, 384 
 
 Labor, prices, 143 
 Laboratories, ordnance, 218, 227, 
 379; Augusta, 220, 227; Columbia, 
 222; Fayetteville, 223; Lynchburg, 
 224; Macon, 226, 227; Richmond, 
 227, 230; Salisbury, 231; Savannah, 
 232; visted by Mallet, 227 
 Laborers, 138, 155, 219, 225, 294, 
 412 
 
 Lacey, Drury, 272 
 Lacey, Elliott, 345 
 Ladies Cumberland Hospital Associ¬ 
 ation of North Carolina, 201 
 Ladies Relief Hospital, Lynchburg, 
 Va., 194 
 
INDEX 
 
 479 
 
 Lady Davis, C.S.S,, 358 
 Lafayette, Tenn., 250 
 Laflore, Campbell, 60 
 La Grange, Ga., depositary, 126, 
 127; hospital, 184 
 LaGrange, Tenn., 332 
 Laird, John, Sons & Co., 350, 365, 
 372 
 
 Laird Brothers, 369 
 Lake, E. P., 52 
 Lake, Marshall, 276 
 Lake City, Fla., general hospital, 
 182; medical purveyors, 178; 
 quartermaster purchasing offi¬ 
 cer, 153 
 
 Lake Erie, 74, 91 
 Lalor, James F., 79, 89 
 Lamar, Albert R., 2, 12 
 Lamar, Gazaway B., 116 
 Lamar, Lucius Q. C., 62, 72, 78, 
 87, 88 
 
 Lambert, Richard, 226, 230 
 Lambert's Point, Va., 364 
 Lancaster, J. A., & Son, 115 
 Land, Ariz. Terr., 59; convey¬ 
 ance, 402; deeds, 40; grants, 37; 
 restored after the war, 40; 
 sequestration, 39; titles, 38 
 Lander, William, 26 
 Landis, A. L., 288 
 Lane, James H., 333, 417 
 Lane, John B., 58 
 Lane, William K., 116, 117 
 Langdon, Richard F., 324 
 Lapsley, J. W., 386 
 Lapwing , C.S.S., 369 
 Laredo, Tex., imports, 133 
 Las Cruces, N. Mex., 59 
 La S^re, Emile, 73, 78, 79 
 Latham, Francis W., 133 
 Latrobe, C. H., 244 
 Lauderdale Springs, Miss., gen¬ 
 eral hospital, 186 
 Laurel , blockade-runner, 373 
 Lauve, Ulger, 129 
 Law, Evander M., 324, 417 
 Lawrence, A. W. , 231 
 Lawrence, F. Lee, 298 
 Lawrence County, Ky., 250 
 Laws, 103; bought by Duke University 
 Library, 6; held by State Dept., 74; 
 preservation, 5; publication, 5, 6, 
 74, 80, 82; taxes, 117 
 
 Laws, Committee To Digest, 11, 12 
 Lawsuits, Comptroller to supervise, 
 102; supervised by Atty. Gen., 
 
 400 
 
 Lawton, Alexander R., 155, 160, 164, 
 286 
 
 Lay, George W., 237, 238 
 Lay, Henry, 324 
 Lazelle, Henry M., 420 
 Lea, JohnW., 324 
 Leach, James M., 27 
 Leach, James T., 29 
 Leach, Richard, 324 
 Lead mining, 244, 245 
 Leadbetter, Danville, 205, 267 
 Leadworks, 245; records re, 410 
 Leather goods, 158, 160; manufac¬ 
 ture, 231; patents, 402; shops, 
 
 218 
 
 LeConte, Joseph, 244, 245 
 Ledgers, loans, 106-107; State Dept., 
 82 
 
 Lee, Charles H., 140, 143 
 Lee, Edwin G., 79, 90 
 Lee, George W. C., 62, 63, 69 
 Lee, Hutson, 153, 284 
 Lee, Robert E., 62, 279; aide to, 
 277; appointed General-in-Chief, 
 259; comdr. of : Army of N. 
 
 Va., 273, Dept, of S. C., Ga., 
 and Fla., 283, Va. military for¬ 
 ces, 313; confidential letters, 66; 
 dispatches, 67, 68; letters, 276; 
 maps supplied to, 205, 277; 
 papers, 274, 417; surrender, 64; 
 telegrams, 67 
 Lee, Roswell W., 212, 214 
 Lee, Sidney S., 32, 110, 342, 343, 
 355, 360, 364, 380 
 Lee, Stephen D., 142, 263, 264, 
 
 287, 324, 329, 417 
 Lee, Thomas J., 277 
 Leeper, Matthew, 212, 213 
 Leftwich, John H., 58 
 Legal matters. War Dept., 136 
 Legal proceedings, against postmas¬ 
 ters, 108 
 
 Legal services, claims for, 112 
 Legare’s Point, S.C., 285 
 Legions, comdrs., 419; Hampton’s, 
 275; rolls, 145; Wise’s, 336 
 Leitch, W. Y., 119, 122, 132 
 Lemman, D. R., 244 
 
480 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Lester, William W., 108, 402 
 Letters of credence, 82 
 Letters of marque and reprisal, 10, 
 63, 81; applications for, 74, 83; 
 letters re, 80 
 
 LeVert Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 patients, 177 
 Levy, M., 301 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Breckinridge’s 
 papers burned in, 139 
 Lexington, N. C., 244 
 Lexington, Va., district court 
 sessions, 57; Fairview General 
 Hospital, 193 
 Lewis, H. L. D., 267 
 Lewis, Henry H., 384 
 Lewis, Joseph F., 389 
 Lewis Cass, revenue cutter, 123 
 Lewisburg, W. Va., 57 
 Libby, L., & Son, 255 
 Libby Military Prison, Richmond, 
 Va., 248, 255, 256, 257 
 Liberty, Va., general hospital, 193; 
 
 quartermaster, 326 
 Libraries, Patent Office, 402 
 Library of Congress, C.S., 12 
 Liddell, St. John R., 267, 287, 
 
 324, 417 
 
 Lieber, Francis, 135, 171, 388, 
 
 413, 414, 421 
 
 Lieber, G. Norman, 413, 414 
 Life insurance companies, sub¬ 
 scribe to Govt, loans, 107 
 Lighthouse Bureau, 113-115 
 Lighthouse districts, 94 
 Lighthouse superintendents, 122, 
 accounts, 114; corresp., 114; 
 Plymouth, N. C., 130; St. Marks, 
 Fla., 126 
 
 Lighthouse tenders, 114 
 Lighthouses, appropriation for, 15; 
 caretakers, 114; districts, 114; 
 estimates re, 102; 
 extinguished, 114; fiscal data, 
 
 104; funds for, 104; keepers, 114; 
 list of, 115; Mobile Bay, 346; 
 monies, 104; operations, 102; 
 property, 114; seizure, 114 
 Lighting apparatus, 114 
 Light vessels, 113, 114 
 Lights, navigation, 343 
 Ligon's Factory Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 200 
 
 Lilian, blockade-runner, 371, 372 
 Limestone works, 243 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 1; assassination, 
 64; call for militiamen, 9; Camp¬ 
 bell’s meeting with, 139; Hay’s 
 biography of, 76; meets peace 
 commrs., 70; refuses to see Con¬ 
 federate commrs., 86; Stephens’ 
 attempt to confer with, 71 
 Lincolnton, N. C., pharmaceutical 
 laboratory, 178 
 Lindsay, A. L., 292 
 Lindsay, Hugh, 387 
 Lindsay, William S., 87 
 Linens, 179 
 
 Lining, Charles E., 371 
 Lippitt, Charles E., 324 
 Liquor, 42 
 
 Little Rock, Ark., depositary, 125; 
 district court seat, 44; Federal 
 occupation, 44; hdqrs. of the 
 Trans-Mississippi Dept., 289; 
 pharmaceutical laboratory, 178; 
 purchasing agent, 330; quarter¬ 
 master depot, 154; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 154; Rock 
 Hotel Hospital, 182; telegraph line 
 to Fort Smith, 397 
 Little Rock Arsenal, Ark., 218, 289, 
 292 
 
 Little Rock Naval Station, Ark., 340, 
 377 
 
 Littlepage, Hardin B., 339 
 Liverpool, England, 87; Alabama 
 leaves, 367; Bermuda bought at, 
 372; Coquette’s voyage from, 373; 
 depositary at, 92, 99; Georgia 
 sold in, 368; navy agent in, 365, 
 367; shipment from, 8 
 Livingston , C.S.S., 361 
 Loan agents, appointment, 105; 
 
 letters to, 106, 108; lists of, 107 
 Loan commissioners, boards of, 
 
 105; Ga., 127; identified, 107; 
 letters sent, 97, 107; letters to, 
 
 95, 106; lists of, 107 
 Loans, 92; agreements, 99; arrange¬ 
 ments for, 107; authorized by 
 Congress, 105; certificates of 
 stock issued under, 101; contracts, 
 99; gold, 98; interest, 98; 
 interest payable on, 96, 108; in¬ 
 terest payments on, 101, 106, 107, 
 
INDEX 
 
 481 
 
 108, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133; 
 journals re, 106; ledgers of, 106; 
 negotiation of, 72, 97; payments 
 on, 99; records re, 106-107; 
 subscribers to, 106, 107, 108, 
 
 120, 124, 129, 133, 419; sub¬ 
 scriptions to, 94, 95, 98, 106, 
 
 107 
 
 Local defense forces, mustered 
 into Confederate service, 302; 
 officers, 148; records re, 406; 
 rolls, 145 
 
 Local defense troops. Army of N. 
 
 Va., 273; Va., 311 
 Local officials, letters to, 137 
 Locke, Joseph L., 168, 170 
 Lockett, Samuel H., 264, 267, 
 
 324, 417 
 
 Lockhart, H. C., 240 
 Locomotive shop, 164 
 Locomotives, 375 
 Logan, George W., 324 
 Logan, John P., 183 
 Logbooks, Alabama, 369, 370; 
 Battery Brooke, 365; Bayou City , 
 363, 364; Coquette, 373; Ellis, 
 356, 357; Florida , 368, 369-370; 
 Georgia , 370; Lapwing , 369; 
 revenue cutters, 104; Shenandoah , 
 370; Stonewall, 371; Sumter , 369; 
 Tennessee , 361; Tuscaloosa , 
 
 370; William AiLen, 130 
 Lomax, J. T., 42 
 Lomax, Lunsford L., 273, 417 
 London, Manger, 50 
 London, England, accounts of com¬ 
 mission, 82; commr. in, 87; 
 despatches from, 78; Hotze 
 agent in, 88; Lamar writes from, 
 78; letters from, 172; Maury 
 agent in, 89; North serves in, 
 
 367; seal made in, 8 
 Long, Medicus A., 53 
 Longstreet, James, 266, 271, 274, 
 275, 320, 325, 334, 417 
 Lopez, Albino, 297 
 Loring, William W., 266, 267, 
 
 325, 417 
 
 Loudon, Tenn., chief commissary 
 at, 168 
 
 Louisa , C.S.S., 369 
 Louisiana, adopts secession, 1; 
 assumes customs control at New 
 
 Orleans, 127; attorney general, 
 
 48; cattle obtained from, 167; 
 chief commissary, 168; chief tax 
 collector, 116, 117; commandants 
 of conscripts, 240; cotton pur¬ 
 chases in, 292; defense of coast, 
 
 361; delegate signs Constitution, 
 
 2; depositary, 128; district courts, 
 48; field transportation, 162; 
 forts, 230; hospital at Charleston, 
 189; ironworks, 346; mail contracts, 
 394; mail routes, 389, 398; maps, 
 209; military organizations, 408; 
 military service records, 406, 
 
 408; naval defense, 362; number 
 of Representatives, 14; occupied 
 by U.S., 289, 393; officers serve 
 in: Bee, 315; part of : Dept. No. 
 
 1, 265, Dept, of Miss, and E. La., 
 263, Dist. of W. La., 298, 
 Trans-Miss. Dept., 289, Trans- 
 Miss. Dist., 300, Western Dept., 
 300; persons who sold cotton, 116; 
 post offices, 392; postmasters' 
 accounts, 395; Produce Loan 
 agent, 95, 115, 116; records, 93; 
 records re troops, 306, 313; 
 regimental officers, 147, 148; 
 seizes arsenal, 221; State Troops, 
 265; surgeons serve in, 316, 328; 
 telegraph line through, 397; 
 Treasury Agent and, 121; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept, field offices, 127-129 
 
 Louisiana , C.S.S., 361, 379 
 
 Louisiana, Adjutant General's Office, 
 294; military service records, 
 
 408; papers of Army officers: 
 
 Brent, 298, Taylor, 333, Walton, 
 334 
 
 Louisiana Army, 158 
 
 Louisiana General Hospital, Rich¬ 
 mond, Va., 202 
 
 Louisiana Historical Association 
 collection, 49, 65, 67, 209, 270, 
 274, 295, 298, 300, 301, 306, 
 
 316, 339, 345, 359, 363 
 
 Louisiana State Library, Louisiana 
 Department, 406 
 
 Louisiana State Museum Library, 
 Kenner papers, 88; Memminger 
 papers, 100; papers of Army offi¬ 
 cers : Bragg, 316, Curell, 236, 
 Taylor, 333; records held by: 
 
482 
 
 INDEX 
 
 General Hospital at Charlottes¬ 
 ville, 191 
 
 Louisiana State University, Depart¬ 
 ment of Archives, diaries: Roy, 
 380; Miller papers, 294; papers 
 of Army officers : Baylor, 297, 
 Beauregard, 314, Birge, 294, 
 Boyd, 298, Bringier, 316, 
 
 Cabell, 191, Ferguson, 319, 
 Goree, 320, Johnson, 269, 
 
 Jones, 182, Liddell, 324, 
 Marston, 296, Reid, 294, 299, 
 330, Vinet, 264; papers of Chap¬ 
 lains Markham, 326, Quintard, 
 289; papers of naval officers: 
 Means, 381; papers of officials : 
 Kenner, 88, Mann, 88, Vignaud, 
 88; papers of surgeons: Pinson, 
 328; personal papers : Newell, 
 246, Roman, 86; records held 
 by : enrolling officer, 295, La. 
 Cavalry, 306, La. Inf., 306, 
 Provost Marshal’s Office, Rich¬ 
 mond, 282; records re the 
 Hunley, 378 
 
 Louisville, Ky., 347; telegraph 
 line to New Orleans, 397 
 Louisville (Ky.) Public Library, 18 
 Love, Samuel L., 50 
 Lovell, Mansfield, 265, 325, 327 
 Loving, Edwin B., 312 
 Lovingston Hospital, Winchester, 
 Va., 204 
 
 Low, John, 365, 367, 368, 370 
 Lowry’s Point, Va., 364 
 Loyalists, claims, 75 
 Loyall, Benjamin P., 339, 377 
 Lubbock, Francis R., 63, 64, 69 
 Luckett, Phillip N., 79, 289 
 Ludlow, William H., 81, 236 
 Lumber, 220, 225, 229, 349, 402 
 Lunatic Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 199 
 
 Lusher, Robert A., 117 
 Luxuries, 246 
 Lynch, Francis J., 294 
 Lynch, G. G., 396 
 Lynch, Patrick N., 72, 78, 80, 88 
 Lynch, William F., 343, 347, 354, 
 355, 356, 357, 362, 376, 381 
 Lynchburg, Va., Colston serves 
 at, 318; commissary depot, 168; 
 depositary, 133; military 
 
 hospitals, 175, 193, 194; military 
 prison, 254; records captured at, 
 155; telegraph instruments in, 
 397; wheat ground in, 167 
 Lynchburg Ordnance Depot, Va., 
 224 
 
 Lyon, Francis S., 25, 26, 27, 30 
 Lyon, George G., 42 
 Lyons, James, 25, 27, 28, 34, 105 
 Lyons, Richard B. P., 85 
 
 McAdoo, William G., 52 
 McCall, J. L. L., 54 
 McCampbell, John S., 54 
 McCance, Thomas W., 105 
 McCann, J. R., 417 
 McCarrick, James W., 339 
 McCarrick, Patrick, 339 
 McCarthy, Carlton, 417 
 McCaw, James B., 196 
 McClellan, Henry B., 279, 417 
 McClellan, James F., 44, 45 
 McClintock, James R., 378 
 McCloskey, James D., 383 
 McCorkle, David P., 374 
 McCorkle, J. O., 345 
 McCown, John P., 265 
 McCoy, A. A., 50 
 McCoy, Henry, 253 
 McCoy, James S., 325 
 McCreary, John, 53, 54, 55 
 McCreery, W. W., Jr., 285 
 McCulloch, Ben, 215, 295, 296 
 McCulloch, Henry E., 289, 297 
 McDaniel, Z., 403 
 McDonald, Marshall, 325 
 McDonough, Benjamin F., 133 
 McDowell, Thomas D., 34 
 Me Elroy, Robert M., 67 
 McElwain, W. S., 224 
 McFarland, James E., 82, 87 
 Macfarland, William H., 11, 105 
 McFee, Madison, 270 
 McGarity, Abner E., 279 
 McGary, Charles P., 384 
 McGhee, Charles M., 53 
 McGowan, Robert, 417 
 McGown, George W., 299 
 McGown, John P., 299 
 MacGreal, Peter, 292 
 McGrew & Small, 389 
 McGuire, Hunter H., 178 
 McHenry, George, 73, 83, 89 
 
INDEX 
 
 483 
 
 McIntosh, John J., 90 
 McIntosh, Lachlan H., 221 
 McIntosh, McQueen, 45 
 McIntosh Bluff, Ala., 110, 350, 377 
 Mackall, William W., 267 
 McKay, A. A., 50 
 McKean, Edward, 362 
 McKean, Thomas J., 288 
 McKee, Andrew W., 115, 129 
 McKee, Robert, 34 
 McKelvey, Peter B., 264 
 McLaughlin, Augustus, 226, 375, 
 376 
 
 McLaws, Lafayette, 151, 236, 273, 
 279, 325, 417 
 McLean, J. R., 26 
 McLean, John K., 325 
 McLellan County, Tex., 53 
 Maclin, Sackfield, 168, 297 
 McMain, William H., 228, 270 
 McMaster, Fitz William, 326 
 McMillan, Robert N., 49 
 McMinnville, Tenn., 241 
 McMullin, Fayette, 25 
 McPhail, C. C., 219 
 McQueen, John, 24, 27, 28 
 McRae, Colin J., 34, 72, 79, 88, 
 
 89, 92, 99, 107, 121, 297, 366, 
 378, 384, 385, 386 
 MacRae, Duncan K., 326 
 McRae, John J., 28 
 McRae , C.S.S., 361, 379 
 McVea, John, 49 
 McWhorter, George G., 45 
 MacWillie, Malcolm H., 24, 81 
 Mabry, Joseph A., 53 
 Machen, Willis B., 25, 27, 28 
 Machine shops, 218, 232 
 Machineguns, 216 
 Machinery, armory, 225; arsenal, 
 215, 220, 222, 226, 232; carbine¬ 
 making, 233; engineer, 207; 
 ordnance-manufacturing, 215, 
 
 228; pistol factory, 224; rail¬ 
 road, 164; rifle-making, 219, 
 
 230; ship, 369, 376; steam naval 
 vessels, 349, 350 
 Machines, 375, 382; welding, 385 
 Macon, Ga., 165; Army hdqrs. at, 
 13; camp of instruction, 241; 
 commissary, 286; depositary, 
 
 126; depository records, 93; 
 distillery, 178; Empire Hospital, 
 
 184; engineer officer at, 336; 
 hospital, 225; loan commr. at, 
 
 105, 126; medical director of 
 hospitals, 172; medical purveyor, 
 178, 179; military prison, 252, 
 
 254; navy recruiting station, 343; 
 niter and mining dist. hdqrs., 
 
 244; Ocmulgee Hospital, 184; 
 pharmaceutical laboratory, 178; 
 photographic dept., 336; prisoners: 
 moved to Savannah, 258, trans¬ 
 ferred to, 255; provost marshal, 
 225, 286; Stout at, 175 
 Macon, Miss., capital moved to, 49; 
 
 district court seat, 49 
 Macon. C.S.S., 358 
 Macon & Western Railroad, 336 
 Macon Armory, Ga., 219, 224-225 
 Macon Arsenal, Ga., 226-227, 385 
 Macon Central Laboratory, Ga., 
 
 217, 224, 226-229, 385 
 Macon Pistol Manufacturing Co., 226 
 Madison, Fla., camp of instruction, 
 241; district court sessions, 44 
 Madison, Ga., May Hospital, 185 
 Madrid, Spain, Rost’s trip to, 77 
 Maffitt, JohnN., 339, 358, 367, 
 
 368, 370, 371, 372 
 Magazines, 218, 220, 232 
 Magrath, Andrew G., 51 
 Magruder, John B., 273, 280, 291, 
 295, 296, 297, 313, 326, 417 
 Mahone, James A., 383 
 Mahone, William, 275 
 Mails, carriers, 390, 394; coaches, 
 393; contractors : 58, 238, 389, 
 392, 395, accounts, 113, 390, 395, 
 claims, 390, corresp., 398, 
 exemption, 393, failures, 394, 
 inspection, 396, letters to, 109, 
 
 390, 393, 396, names, 394, 
 number, 393, payments to, 394; 
 contracts, 83, 394; conveyance of 
 between C. S. A. andU.S.A., 152; 
 depredations on, 391, 396; 
 foreign, 79, 393; forwarding of, 
 
 79; messengers, 109, 113, 389; 
 robbery, 51, 84; routes, 389, 390, 
 398; service, 396, 399; steamers, 
 
 391, 392 
 
 Major, James P., 299 
 Malarial fevers, 182 
 Mallet, Charles B., 246 
 
484 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Mallet, JohnW., 226, 227, 229, 
 
 417 
 
 Mallet, Peter, 240 
 Mallett & Browne, 246 
 Mallory, C. K., 326 
 Mallory, Stephen R., 338, 345; 
 corresp., 342, 347, 350, 360, 
 
 363, 372, 374, 376, 377, 384; 
 diary, 69; estimates submitted 
 by, 32; instruction re ironclad, 
 375; letters to, 236, 347, 355, 
 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 
 
 364, 367, 381, 385, 386; letters 
 sent, 341, 342, 353, 356, 359, 
 361, 367, 385; papers, 339, 342; 
 recommends establishment of 
 naval academy, 378; report, 337 
 
 Malone, John, 43 
 Malone, William J., 151 
 Manassas, Va., battle, 11, 323 
 Manassas , C.S. S., 361 
 Manassas , revenue cutter, 123 
 Manassas Junction, Va., 178 
 Manchester, England, 87 
 Manchester, Va., 281 
 Maney, George E., 326 
 Mangum, S. H., 417 
 Manhattanville College of the 
 Sacred Heart Library, Stephens 
 papers, 70, 71 
 Manigault, Gabriel E., 326 
 Manigault, Joseph, 286 
 Mann, Ambrose Dudley, 72, 77, 
 
 78, 87, 88, 89 
 Mann, William G., 78 
 Manning, John, 50 
 Manning, Richard I., 417 
 Manning, Thomas C., 49 
 Manouvrier, J., 118 
 Manufacturers, letters to, 156 
 Manufactures, 115; arms, 218; 
 ordnance, 215, 216; quartermas¬ 
 ter supplies, 153-154; surgical 
 instruments, 178 
 
 Maps, 317; Ala., 264; Ark., 209; 
 Army of Tenn. operations, 321; 
 battlefields, 204, 205, 208; 
 campaigns of the Army of N. 
 
 Va., 277; defenses, 208;Drewry’s 
 Bluff, 277; Johnston's com¬ 
 mands, 323; La., 209; McLaws' 
 commands, 325; mail routes, 
 
 394; military, 207; military 
 
 installations, 419; Morgan's com¬ 
 mands, 327; photographic repro¬ 
 duction, 205; N. C., 205; rail¬ 
 roads, 208; retreat of Creeks, 
 
 212; Southern States, 208; Tenn., 
 336; Tex., 209; topographic, 204, 
 205; Van Dorn's commands, 334; 
 Vicksburg, 305; Va., 205; Whiting's 
 commands, 335 
 March, J. G. & D. C., 375 
 Marches, maps, 208 
 Margaret and Jessie , 83 
 Marianna, Fla., district court 
 sessions, 44, 45 
 
 Marietta, Ga., district court seat, 
 
 46; Foard Hospital, 185; Stout at, 
 
 175 
 
 Marine Corps, 337, 351-353, ac¬ 
 counts, 352; officers : accounts, 
 
 109, allotments, 109, commissions, 
 345, letters sent, 109, salaries, 
 
 98; personnel: at Drewry's Bluff, 
 364, records, 339, 352, 412 
 Marine hospitals, 94, 123; fiscal 
 data, 104; funds for, 104, 122; 
 keepers, 103; money, 124, 130; 
 operations, 102 
 Marine matters, 87 
 Mariners' Museum, Newport News, 
 Va., 350, 351 
 
 Marines, allotments, 109; guards, 
 
 357, 361; James River Squadron, 
 355; Mobile naval station, 110, 
 
 378; Savannah River Squadron, 
 
 359; stations, 352; training, 359 
 Marion County, S. C., 381 
 Marion Courthouse Naval Station, 
 
 S.C., 340 
 
 Marion Station, Miss., camp of 
 instruction, 241 
 Markham, Thomas R., 326 
 Marmaduke, JohnS., 291 
 Mars Bluff, S. C., 381 
 Marshall, Charles, 279, 417 
 Marshall, Henry, 11 
 Marshall, Humphrey, 30, 31 
 Marshall, J. F., 310 
 Marshall, Matthias M., 272 
 Marshall, Tex., arsenal, 290; 
 hdqrs. Trans-Miss. Dept, 
 bureaus, 290; Post Office Dept. 
 Agent located in, 398; Treasury 
 Agent at, 121 
 
INDEX 
 
 485 
 
 Marshals, accounts, 55, 98; 
 
 appointment : 63, Ala., 42, Ariz. 
 Terr., 59, Ark., 44, Fla., 44, 
 45, Ga., 46, Indian country, 60, 
 La., 48, Miss., 49, N. C., 50, 
 
 S. C., 51, 132, Tenn., 52, Tex., 
 53, Va., 56, 57; bonds, 40; 
 duties, 38; fees, 38; orders to, 
 
 41; returns, 43, 47; serve writs, 
 40 
 
 Marston, Bulow, 296 
 Martial law, 260 
 Martin, Abram, 117, 123, 125 
 Martin, James G., 376 
 Martin, Jefferson T., 57 
 Martin, Robert M., 73 
 Martin, Thomas E., 114 
 Martin, William E., 116, 117 
 Martin, William F., 376 
 Martin, William H., 43 
 Martin, William R., 273 
 Marvin, William, 45 
 Maryland, Early’s campaigns in, 
 279; infantry, 275; maps of 
 military campaigns, 277; mili¬ 
 tary organizations, 408; muster 
 rolls, 145; regimental officers, 
 147, 148 
 
 Maryland Historical Society, papers 
 of Army officers : Gilmor, 320, 
 Lee, 274, Trimble, 276; records 
 held by Shreveport Naval Station, 
 387; Scharf collection, 339, 387 
 Maryland Hospital, Richmond, 
 
 Va., 200 
 
 Mason, Alexander M., 367 
 Mason, Charles T., 206, 277 
 Mason, George, 53 
 Mason, James M., 7, 32, 72, 76, 
 77, 78, 79, 87, 88, 89, 90, 340, 
 366, 367 
 
 Mason, John T., 371 
 Mason, R. M., 264 
 Masons, 412 
 
 Massengale, H. T., 286 
 Masters, 38 
 Masterson, James, 53 
 Matagorda County, Tex., 53 
 Matamoras, Mex., Avegno's 
 despatches from, 79; commer¬ 
 cial agent at, 73; corresp. with 
 comdrs. at, 79; Fitzpatrick’s 
 letters from, 79; joint-stock 
 
 company, 293; opened to Confed¬ 
 erate trade, 73; Quintero’s des¬ 
 patches from, 79 
 Mathematical instruments, 402 
 Mathes, J. Harvey, 417 
 Mathews, James H., 244 
 Mathews County, Va., 279 
 Matthews, J. B., 49 
 Matthews, James M., 5, 7, 400 
 Maupin, Socrates, 245 
 Maurepas , C.S.S., 361 
 Maury, Dabney H., 263, 264, 265, 
 267, 299, 329 
 
 Maury, Matthew F., 73, 75, 87, 89, 
 349, 351, 365, 366, 367 
 Maury, William A., 57 
 Maury, William L., 365, 367, 368, 
 370, 371 
 
 Maxah, Nestor, 54 
 Maxcy, James M., 53, 55 
 Maxey, Samuel B., 212, 214, 263, 
 295, 296, 326 
 
 Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 73 
 
 Maxwell, A. E., 105 
 
 Maxwell, Augustus E., 20 
 
 Maxwell, John, 340 
 
 May, John P., 312 
 
 May, Joseph, 45 
 
 May Hospital, Madison, Ga., 185 
 Mayers, Abraham G., 399 
 Maynard, George F., 238 
 Mayo, R. H., 255 
 Meade, David, 276 
 Means, Edward J., 381 
 Means, R. Stark, 253 
 Meat, purchased by the Subsistence 
 Dept., 167, 170 
 Meatpacking plants, 167, 347 
 Mechanics, 219, 238, 239, 267, 294, 
 385, 387, 412 
 
 Mechling, William T., 297 
 Medals, 140, 141 
 
 Medical Bureau, Trans-Mississippi 
 Department, 290 
 Medical certificates, 141 
 Medical College Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 202 
 
 Medical Department, 409; authorized, 
 170; House Standing Committee on, 
 25, 27; inquiry into, 12; personnel, 
 174; records, 415; regulations, 
 
 170 
 
 Medical directors. Army of N. Va., 
 
486 
 
 INDEX 
 
 177; Army of the Potomac, 177, 
 306; Army of Tenn., 176, 177, 
 
 180; Colquitt’s brigade, 335; 
 
 Dept. No. 2, 176; duties, 172; 
 letters to, 171; list of names, 
 
 172; records, 172-178; reports of 
 sick and wounded, 171; Richmond, 
 
 170, 175; Valley District, 178; 
 Western Dept., 177 
 
 Medical Division, Second Auditor’s 
 Office, 111 
 
 Medical examining boards, 144, 
 
 171, 238; appointment, 172; 
 assigned to Congressional dis¬ 
 tricts, 239; Dalton hospitals, 
 
 184; Farmville, Va., 192; Macon, 
 184; N.C., 309; Richmond, 173, 
 199, 202; Virginia, 174; Wilming¬ 
 ton, 189 
 
 Medical officers, 419; accounts, 93; 
 appointment, 172, 174; Army of 
 Tennessee, 175, 176; authorized, 
 145; Dept, of Virginia, 175; lists, 
 174, 196, 202, 261; Lynchburg 
 hospitals, 194; reports from, 
 
 172, See also Surgeons 
 Medical Purveyor’s Office, 
 
 records, 170 
 
 Medical purveyors, accounts, 171; 
 appointment, 178; Chattanooga, 
 175; contracts, 103; corresp., 
 
 180; employees, 159; letters sent, 
 176; letters to, 171; records, 178- 
 180; stores issued by, 171 
 Medical records, carding, 404, 
 
 405; Navy, 341 
 
 Medical services, claims for, 112 
 Medical stores, issued by purvey¬ 
 ors, 171; payments for, 98 
 Medical supplies, 204, 307, 348, 
 349, 381; accounts, 179, 184; 
 Army of Tenn., 176; invoices, 
 
 158, 181, 193, 309; issues, 174, 
 179; list, 192, 194; manufacture, 
 178; procurement, 170, 178-180; 
 records re, 178-179; requisitions, 
 178, 181, 185, 188, 191, 201 
 Medicine and Surgery Office, Navy 
 Department, 337, 348-349; 
 letters to, 361 
 
 Medicines, 56, 171, 189, 191, 193, 
 196, 202, 272, 348, 378; inven¬ 
 tories, 179; invoices, 309; 
 
 manufacture, 178; procurement, 
 172, 348 
 
 Meiere, Julius E., 353 
 M^jan, Eugdne, Comte, 85 
 Melinaud, P., 346 
 Melton, C. D., 240, 242, 381 
 Melton, Samuel W., 140, 326 
 Memminger, Christopher G., 
 Congressman, 2, 10; corresp., 
 
 100; papers, 34, 99; records re, 
 410; Secretary of the Treasury, 
 
 94 
 
 Memminger, Thomas B., 326 
 Memoirs, 304; Ford, 297; Hines, 
 
 90; Oldham, 34; Reagan, 388; 
 Tomb, 358; Waddell, 372; Young, 
 90 
 
 Memorial associations, 404 
 Memphis, Tenn., 217; Arkansas 
 moved from, 387; Army of Tenn. 
 moves from, 288; Cossitt- 
 Goodwyn Libraries, 407; medical 
 purveyor, 178; military hospital, 
 288; Overton General Hospital, 
 
 190; prisoners held at, 259; quar¬ 
 termaster depot, 153; Southern 
 Mothers Hospital, 190; State 
 Hospital, 190 
 Memphis , C.S.S., 361 
 Menees, Thomas, 26, 30 
 Mercantile Trading Co., London, 
 England, 76, 216 
 Mercer, Hugh W., 286, 359 
 Merchandise, imported, 96, 104; 
 inventories, 54, 55; war tax on, 
 
 116 
 
 Merchant ships, documents re, 122; 
 records re, 341. See also Ships, 
 Vessels 
 
 Merchants, Charleston, S.C., 81; 
 northern, 39. See also 
 Merchandise 
 
 Mercier, Henri, Count, 84 
 Mercury, fulminate of, 220 
 Meredith, Sullivan A., 236 
 Meridian, Miss., Asst. Treasurer 
 at, 122, 128; chief commissary 
 at, 168; hospital, 184; medical 
 director of hospitals, 173; way 
 hospital, 186; Yandell Hospital, 186 
 Meriwether, Minor, 209, 210 
 Merrimack. C.S.S., 349, 350, 354, 
 355, 356, 380, 381 
 
INDEX 
 
 487 
 
 Merwin, D. O., 240 
 Mesilla, N. Mex., convention at, 
 58; court seat at, 59 
 Metallurgy, 402 
 Metals procurement, 346 
 Metcalf, Thomas S., 126 
 Methodist Church Hospital, 
 Williamsburg, Va., 203, 204 
 Mexican Minister of Foreign 
 Affairs, 80 
 
 Mexicans, arrest Pickett, 90; 
 
 relations with, 297 
 Mexico, affairs in, 79, 81, 90; 
 claims against, 84; envoy to, 78; 
 European intervention in, 79; 
 imports from, 155, 243, 289; 
 mail service to, 393; Pickett 
 sent to, 73; Pickett’s despatches 
 from, 79, 90 
 
 Mexico City, Cripps’ letters from, 
 79 
 
 Miami University Library, papers 
 of Army officers : Bragg, 316, 
 Johnston, 323, Bledsoe, 140, 
 Davis, 67 
 
 Michie, Thomas J., 57 
 Michigan , U.S.S., 74 
 Micks, Thomas R., 188 
 Middlesex County, Va., 279 
 Midshipmen, roster, 379; training, 
 378 
 
 Milam County, Tex., 53 
 Milburn, William, 54, 55 
 Mileage. See Pay and mileage 
 Miles, C. Richardson, 51 
 Miles, William P., 25, 32, 34 
 Milford, Va., commissary depot, 
 168 
 
 Military academy, 149 
 Military affairs, letters re, 32; 
 House Committee on, bills re¬ 
 ferred to, 31; House Standing 
 Committee on, 25; Senate Stand¬ 
 ing Committee on, 20; Standing 
 Committee on, 11 
 Military aides, 62, 63 
 Military commands, ordnance 
 furnished to, 218 
 
 Military commissions, 91; Colum¬ 
 bus, Miss., 300; reports, 411; 
 San Antonio, 298 
 
 Military courts, 409; appointment, 
 142; jurisdiction, 143; laws 
 
 distributed to, 6; Trans-Miss. 
 Dept., 143 
 
 Military Disasters, House Special 
 Committee on Recent, 26 
 Military District, Galveston, 291; 
 Georgia, 305 
 
 Military Division of the West, 263, 
 299-300, 335 
 Military engineering, 63 
 Military Force, Select Committee 
 on the Increase of the, 31 
 Military forces, destruction of 
 property by, 74; take materials 
 for Yazoo River defense, 129; 
 transfer to Confederacy, 5 
 Military law, 142, 252 
 Military officers, alleged illegal 
 activities of, 41; assignments, 23; 
 commissions, 31, 63;corresp., 
 
 65, 114, 340; cotton purchased by, 
 125; homesteads for, 27; letters 
 sent, 399; lists, 65; want of 
 economy, 26. See also Army 
 officers 
 
 Military operations, 65, 66, 141; 
 communications on, 396; corresp. 
 re , 68, 207; direction of, 259; 
 documents re, 420; plans for, 260; 
 reports on, 308, 420 
 Military organizations, 140; clerks, 
 110; index, 419; inspection reports 
 re, 142; muster rolls, 144; pay 
 records, 161; records re, 262, 
 
 303; recruits apportioned among, 
 240; reorganization authorized, 
 237; reports, 412; returns, 261; 
 roster, 146 
 
 Military personnel, 138, 141; arrests, 
 281; claims, 112; court jurisdiction 
 over, 143; deceased, 233, 410; 
 index to, 409; pay, 111; payrolls, 
 159; records re, 411; transporta¬ 
 tion, 153, 410 
 
 Military service, appointments in, 
 
 70, 137; discharges from, 71; re¬ 
 lease from, 41 
 
 Military storekeepers, 225, 228; 
 Augusta Arsenal, 221; bonds, 103; 
 Corinth, 270; Dalton, 223; Macon, 
 225, 226; Richmond, 231 
 Military stores, exportation, 246 
 Military Telegraph Lines, accounts, 
 99 
 
488 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Military Telegraphs Office, Post 
 Office Department, 396 
 Military units, muster rolls, 144; 
 
 offers to organize, 137 
 Military works, constructing, 204 
 Militia, 10, 20, 407; commanded 
 by the President, 63; decisions 
 re conscription of, 41; Ga., 305; 
 officers ?,uthorized for, 145; 
 records r^ 406; rolls, 145; 
 
 State systems, 301; Va., 28, 312 
 Militiamen, records re, 410 
 Milledgeville, Ga., depositary, 127 
 Millegeville, C.S.S., 384 
 Millen, Ga., 252, 258 
 Miller, Andrew J., 417 
 Miller, Fleming B., 57 
 Miller, Henry C., 48 
 Miller, Robert C., 211 
 Miller, Samuel A., 28, 29, 30 
 Miller, Thomas D., 294 
 Miller, Washington D., 389, 390 
 Miller, William, 240, 276, 283, 303 
 Miller Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 patients, 177 
 Millers, 238 
 Milligan, Joseph, 105 
 Mims, Livingston, 153, 154 
 Miner, James G., 346, 348 
 Minerals, development, 346; pro¬ 
 curement, 243 
 
 Mines and Mineral Works Super- 
 vison, Trans-Mississippi De¬ 
 partment, 290 
 Minig balls, 224 
 
 Mining, 215, 245; companies, 227, 
 228; supervised by Niter and 
 Mining Bur., 243 
 Ministers, 238 
 Minnesota Historical Society, 
 records held by : Army of the 
 West, 299, hospital order book, 
 186 
 
 Minor, George, 231, 346, 347, 378, 
 386 
 
 Minor, Lewis W., 380 
 Minor, Robert D., 340, 346, 354, 
 355, 380, 383 
 Minot , revenue cutter, 123 
 Minter, J. F., 121 
 Mints, Charlotte, 130; coin and 
 bullion at, 101; funds received by, 
 98; New Orleans, 128; letters 
 
 sent, 97; letters to, 95, 102; 
 operation, 102; seizure, 122; 
 suspension, 94, 122 
 Miscellaneous Division, First Audi¬ 
 tor's Office, 108 
 Missionary, 212 
 
 Mississippi, adopts secession, 1; 
 Cavalry hdqrs., 264; chief com¬ 
 missary, 168; chief tax collector, 
 116, 117; commandant of conscripts, 
 240; conscription service, 238, 
 
 242; cotton purchased in, 124; 
 
 Davis arrives from, 62; delegate 
 signs Constitution, 2; depositaries, 
 129; district court, 49; estimates 
 of tax in kind, 167; field trans¬ 
 portation, 162; general of reserves, 
 303; Jackson's division in, 319; 
 Josselyn from, 62; mail contracts, 
 394; mail routes, 394; medical 
 purveyor in, 179; military hospi¬ 
 tals, 176, 185-186, 288; military 
 organizations, 304; military serv¬ 
 ice records, 406, 408; natural¬ 
 ization records, 42; niter and 
 mining officer, 244; number of 
 Representatives, 14; occupied by 
 Union forces, 393; officers serve 
 in: Clark, 318, Reynolds, 330, 
 
 Van Dorn, 334; part of : Dept, of 
 Miss, and E. La., 263, Dept. No. 
 1, 265, District of Ala., 262, 
 Western Dept., 237; persons who 
 sold cotton, 116; Produce Loan 
 agent, 95, 115, 116; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 153; quarter¬ 
 masters in, 164; records, 93; 
 records of troops, 306-307; 
 regimental officers, 147, 148; 
 reserve forces, 307; sales of pro¬ 
 perty, 98; secession ordinance, 5; 
 State troops, 313; surgeons in, 
 
 314, 319; telegraph line through, 
 397; volunteers, 323 
 Mississippi, C.S.S., 361, 379 
 Mississippi Department of Archives 
 and History, military service 
 records, 408; papers of Army 
 officers : Clark, 318, Hamilton, 
 286, 320, Henry, 321, Johnston, 
 320, McKean, 288, Ruggles, 330, 
 Sessions, 331, Smith, 332, 
 
 Walthall, 69; papers of officials: 
 
INDEX 
 
 489 
 
 Battaile, 169, Davis. 66, Lamar, 
 88; records held by : Army of 
 Miss., 270, Army of Tenn., 289, 
 military organizations, 304, 
 Miss. Cavalry, 307, Miss. Inf., 
 307, Miss. Vols., 323 
 Mississippi River, 240, 247, 263, 
 299, 340; Arkansas in, 387; 
 blockade run by the Sumter , 367; 
 coal depot on, 379; exchange 
 point on, 234; Indians removed 
 from east of, 210; mail packets 
 on, 392; naval forces on, 376; 
 U.S. control of, 167, 290, 362, 
 398 
 
 Mississippi River Squadron, 340, 
 342, 344, 361-362, 380 
 Mississippi Soldiers’ Hospital, 
 Richmond, Va., 202 
 Mississippi State University Li¬ 
 brary, Fontaine papers, 319; 
 Nash papers, 307 
 Mississippi University, Harrison 
 teacher at, 62 
 
 Missouri, 9; commandant of con¬ 
 scripts, 240; commr. to, 9; 
 
 First Brigade, 288; military 
 organizations, 408; military 
 service records, 406; number of 
 Representatives, 15; officers 
 serve in: Pillow, 328, Thomp¬ 
 son, 333; part of : the Dist. of 
 Ark., 295, Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 289, Trans-Miss. Dist., 300, 
 Western Dept., 300; postal serv¬ 
 ice in, 392; quartermaster pur¬ 
 chasing officer, 154;records of 
 troops, 308; regimental officers, 
 147, 148; secession ordinance, 5; 
 Senators appointed, 15, 23; U.S. 
 control in, 15; volunteers, 292 
 Missouri , C.S.S., 362, 386, 387 
 Missouri Historical Society, Frost 
 papers, 295; papers of Army 
 officers : Beauregard, 314, 
 
 Bragg, 316, Lee, 274, Van Dorn, 
 334 
 
 Missouri State Guard, 299, 308, 
 
 329, 330, 333 
 
 Mitchel, Charles B., 20, 21 
 Mitchell, John K., 340, 343, 345, 
 354, 362, 364, 379 
 Mitchell, K., 340 
 
 Mobile, Ala., asst, agent of ex¬ 
 change, 236; Asst. Treasurer at, 
 122, 124, 125, 128; battery at, 
 
 364; British consul, 84; Canty 
 Hospital, 177; chief commissary 
 at, 168; coal to be delivered at, 
 348; commissary depot, 168; 
 cotton exports, 104, 236; customs 
 collectors, 122, 123; defense of, 
 205, 326, 386; defenses, 209; 
 depositary, 124; district court 
 terms, 42; Engineer Bur. work¬ 
 shop, 205; Engineer Hospital, 181; 
 engineer office, 263, 267; French 
 agent, 84; French serves at, 320; 
 general hospital, 181; Gilmer at, 
 284; hdqrs. Dept, of Ala. and W. 
 Fla., 262; inspector of field 
 transportation, 164; interest pay¬ 
 ments at, 107; loan subscribers, 
 124; maps, 209; Marine Corps 
 officers, 353; marine hospital, 
 
 123; medical director of hospitals, 
 173; medical purveyor, 178; mili¬ 
 tary hospitals, 177; naval clothing 
 factory, 348; naval commandant’s 
 office, 361; naval hospital, 349; 
 navy paymaster, 377; navy re¬ 
 cruiting station, 343; pharmaceuti¬ 
 cal laboratory, 178; prisoners ex¬ 
 changed at, 234; Produce Loan 
 agent, 115, 124; quartermaster, 
 267, 268; revenue cutter at, 123; 
 Ross General Hospital, 181; 
 Semple serves at, 331; shipments 
 to, 374; shipping, 83; shoe fac¬ 
 tory, 347 
 
 Mobile , C.S.S., 361, 362, 387 
 Mobile Bay, Ala., battle, 352, 360; 
 
 chart, 346; defense, 361 
 Mobile County, Ala., 353 
 Mobile Harbor Improvement, 267 
 Mobile Naval Hospital, Ala., 378 
 Mobile Naval Station, Ala., 377- 
 378; construction of vessels, 361; 
 marine guard, 110, 352, 353; 
 muster rolls, 344; payrolls, 110; 
 records re, 340; storehouse, 
 
 347; vessels built at, 386 
 Mobile Public Library, 370 
 Mobile Squadron, 340, 360-361, 377, 
 386; guns supplied to, 384; pay¬ 
 rolls, 344 
 
490 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Models, Alabama, 372; naval 
 vessels, 350, 351; patents, 403 
 Moffett, Major, 254 
 Moffett, Samuel H., 193 
 Mohler, E. G., 267 
 Moise, A. Julian, Jr., 113 
 Moise, Edwin W., 48, 49 
 Molasses, 246 
 Molyneaux, Edward, 85 
 Money, 93; Hoyer & Ludwig, 158; 
 
 register, 102; war tax on, 116 
 Moneys, statements re, 104 
 Monitor, U.S.S., 354, 355, 356 
 Monroe, Haskell, 69 
 Monroe, La., district court seat, 
 48; quartermaster, 294 
 Montague, Robert L., 29 
 Montague County, Tex., 53 
 Monterrey, Mexico, 73; Quintero 
 despatches from, 79 
 Montevallo, Ala., 244, 377 
 Montgomery, Norris, 255 
 Montgomery, Ala., board of loan 
 commrs. at, 105; capital moved 
 from, 62; coal transported to, 
 
 385; constitutional convention, 1; 
 depository, 125; district court 
 terms, 42; executive mansion, 
 
 68; Govt, office space, 11; 
 interest payments at, 107; laws 
 printed in, 5; medical depot, 
 
 178; Nashville built at, 377; 
 naval storehouse, 347; niter and 
 mining hdqrs., 244; pharmaceu¬ 
 tical laboratory, 178; Post Office 
 Dept, in, 389; prisoners moved 
 to Tuscaloosa, 258; Produce 
 Loan agent, 115, 125; Provi¬ 
 sional Congress meets in, 9; 
 quartermaster, 258; quartermas¬ 
 ter depot, 153, 154; quartermas¬ 
 ter purchasing officer, 153; 
 railroad mail convention, 393; 
 railroad transportation officer 
 at, 165; telegraph office, 397; 
 Wayside Hospital, 181 
 Montgomery Arsenal, Ala., 229 
 Montreal, Canada, Davis’ papers 
 taken to, 65; Dawson visits, 74 
 Moore, Frank, 326 
 Moore, James O., 355 
 Moore, John C., 232, 289 
 Moore, John W,, 326 
 
 Moore, Katherine Stout, 177 
 Moore, Samuel J. S., 417 
 Moore, Samuel P., 170 
 Moore, Thomas, 54 
 Moore, Thomas L., 361 
 Moore, Thomas O., 265, 327 
 Moore, W. S., 417 
 Moore Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 patients, 177 
 
 Moore’s Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 200 
 
 Moorman, George, 322, 417 
 Morehead, James T., Jr., 327 
 Morfit, Clarence, 256 
 Morfit, Mason, 253, 258, 417 
 Morgan, James M., 340, 379 
 Morgan, John H., 266, 327, 332, 
 
 409 
 
 Morgan, JohnT., 327 
 
 Morgan, Van Renssalaer, 381 
 
 Morgan, C.S.S., 360, 361, 378, 386 
 
 Morgan, revenue cutter, 123, 361 
 
 Morning Light, 55 
 
 Morris, Charles M., 367, 369, 370 
 
 Morris, Isaac N., & Co., 75 
 
 Morris, Walter J., 264 
 
 Morris, William S., 99, 397 
 
 Morris Island, S. C., 250, 285 
 
 Morriss, Beverly P., 327 
 
 Morton, Jackson, 2, 10 
 
 Morton, Richard, 245 
 
 Morton, Robert C., 244 
 
 Mosby, John S., 278, 417 
 
 Mosely, James W., 53 
 
 Moses, R. S., 168 
 
 Mott, Marcus F., 53 
 
 Motto, 11 
 
 Moultrie, C.S.S., 370 
 Mount Jackson, Va., hospital, 194 
 Mount Prairie, Tex., manufacturing 
 at, 289 
 
 Mount Vernon Arsenal, Ala., 218, 
 229 
 
 Mounted riflemen, 296; Ark., 304; 
 First Cherokee, 211; First Choc¬ 
 taw and Chickasaw, 212; 
 McCulloch’s Tex., 297; Tex., 316 
 Mules, 163, 164, 305 
 Mulford, John E., 236 
 Mull, Peter M., 327 
 Mumfordsville, Ky., 250 
 Munford, John D., 281 
 Munford, Thomas T., 273, 327, 417 
 
INDEX 
 
 491 
 
 Municipalities, currency, 93 
 Munitions, imported, 73, 216; 
 manufacture, 215, 216, 218; 
 seized at Pensacola, 382; trans¬ 
 shipment of, 74. See also 
 Ammunition, Ordnance, Powder 
 Munnerlyn, Charles J., 27 
 Murdaugh, William H., 90, 340, 
 366 
 
 Murder cases, Ariz. Terr., 58 
 Murray, E. C., 381, 386 
 Murray, John P., 29 
 Murrow, J. S., 212 
 Muscogee, C.S.S., 376 
 Muse, William T., 387 
 Muskegon (Mich.), Hackley Public 
 Library, Pickett papers, 90 
 Muskets, 224, 230 
 Muskogee, Okla., 214 
 Muster rolls, 405, 412, 414; Ala. 
 Inf., 318; Ala. troops, 304; Ark. 
 troops, 304; Army, 140, 144-145, 
 151, 276, 304; Army of N. Mex., 
 297; Bates' rangers, 311; 
 Chatham Artillery, 305; collec¬ 
 ted by States, 407; exchanged 
 prisoners, 235; hospitals, 171; 
 index, 419; La. Inf., 306; La. 
 Vols., 306; Marine Corps 
 personnel, 352, 353; Miss. Inf., 
 307; naval, 110, 339, 343, 344, 
 345, 356, 357, 362, 372, 412; 
 
 N. C, Inf., 308, 309; reserve 
 company, 113; Richmond 
 Howitzers, 311; S.C. Inf., 310; 
 Va. Inf., 312 
 
 Myers, Abraham, Quartermaster 
 General, 155 
 Myers, E. T. D., 210 
 Myers, John J., 292 
 Myers, Robert P., 327 
 
 Nacogdoches, Tex., 56 
 Nansemond , C.S.S., 354, 355, 381 
 Napoleon, Emperor, 73, 77 
 Napoleon, Ark., marine hospital, 
 123 
 
 Narratives, personal, 303 
 Nash, Wiley N., 307 
 Nashville, Tenn., board of loan 
 commrs. at, 105; commissary 
 depot, 168; depositary, 133; 
 district court seat, 52; Gordon 
 
 Hospital, 177; ordnance works, 
 
 219; surrender, 26; withdrawal of 
 Confederates, 53 
 
 Nashville Arsenal, Tenn., 229-230 
 Nashville, C.S.S., 81, 360, 361, 
 
 367, 377 
 
 Nassau, New Providence, commer¬ 
 cial agent at, 74, 79, 92; 
 
 Florida at, 110; mail service to, 
 393; shipping, 83; steamship 
 service, 216; supplies transferred 
 at, 134; U.S. attempt to recover 
 property in, 99 
 
 Natchitoches, La., quartermaster, 
 298 
 
 Natchitoches Parish, La., 294 
 National Bank Note Co., 118 
 National Bank of Fredericksburg, 
 
 377 
 
 National War College Library, 420 
 Naturalization, 10, 40; district 
 courts and, 37; district court 
 records : Ala., 43, Ark., 42, 
 Miss., 42; foreigners in military 
 service, 56 
 
 Nautical instruments, procurement, 
 346 
 
 Naval Academy (Drewry's Bluff, 
 Va.), 345, 378-379 
 Naval Affairs, House Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 25, 32 
 
 Naval Affairs, Senate Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 20 
 
 Naval Affairs, Standing Committee 
 on, 11 
 
 Naval battles, marines in, 352; 
 Mobile Bay, 360; New Orleans, 
 343, 352, 361-362 
 Naval constructors, 350; Halifax, 
 376; McIntosh Bluff, 377; Mobile, 
 377; Oven Bluff, 377; Selma 
 Naval Station, 386 
 Naval engineering, records, 341 
 Naval engineers, 349, 350, 362; 
 Charleston Squadron, 357; 
 
 Florida, 371; letters sent, 377; 
 Petersburg, 382; Savannah River 
 Squadron, 360 
 
 Naval officers, accounts, 109, 371; 
 activities in France, 371; allot¬ 
 ments, 109; appointment, 337; 
 assignments, 346; at naval bat¬ 
 teries, 364; bonds, 103; carry 
 
492 
 
 INDEX 
 
 mail, 393; commissions, 63, 
 
 344, 345; corresp., 114, 340, 
 
 357, 360, 366, 374; counter- 
 warrants issued to, 98; 
 
 in Europe, 87; letters sent, 
 
 89, 97, 109, 141, 377; 
 letters to, 66, 341, 366, 367, 
 
 387; lists of, 344, 362, 367; 
 medical treatment, 180; papers, 
 338, 339, 341; recollections, 
 
 340; records, 409; recruiting by, 
 337; register, 342, 345; reports, 
 340; salaries, 98 
 Naval ordnance, 363; captured at 
 Norfolk, 345; manufacture, 98, 
 
 345, 347, 379, 383; procurement, 
 
 346, 361, 374; purchase, 345, 
 348; records, 341, 346-347; re¬ 
 turns, 352, 356; storage, 218 
 
 Naval ordnance laboratories, 
 Norfolk, 380; Richmond, 383 
 Naval ordnance stores, 356, 366; 
 captured at Norfolk, 380; manu¬ 
 facture, 345, 375, 379; procure¬ 
 ment, 345, 348, 374; returns, 
 352, 356; transportation, 346 
 Naval ordnance supplies, 386 
 Naval Ordnance works, 345; 
 activities, 347; engineers 
 attached to, 350; Selma, Ala., 
 221 
 
 Naval personnel, 361, 365; allot¬ 
 ments, 344, 348, 370, 371; 
 corresp. re, 360; deceased, 233; 
 letters re, 355, 362; letters to, 
 355; records re, 339, 341, 343- 
 345, 374, 410, 412; transportation, 
 410. See also Muster rolls, 
 Payrolls 
 
 Naval Records Collection, Office 
 of Naval Records and Library, 
 339-341 
 
 Naval stations, 343; authorized to 
 purchase medicines, 348; 
 engineers attached to, 350; 
 established, 373; letters sent, 
 109; letters to, 385; marine de¬ 
 tachments, 352; muster rolls, 
 344; ordnance distributed to, 
 
 345; paymasters at, 348, 377; 
 personnel records, 343; 
 receiving ships at, 343; records, 
 338, 341, 374; supply, 347; 
 
 surgeons serve at, 349; trans¬ 
 portation to, 346, 348 
 Naval storehouses, 347 
 Naval storekeepers, 361; Charlotte, 
 356-357; Savannah, 360 
 Naval stores, claims re, 84; 
 exportation regulated, 246; re¬ 
 turns, 382 
 
 Naval supplies, 110, 340, 341, 347, 
 357, 360, 362, 365, 372, 374, 387 
 Naval surgeons, corresp., 349; 
 letters sent, 360; orders to, 359; 
 reports, 361; serve on: Baltic , 
 
 378, Florida, 370, Shenandoah , 
 
 371, Stonewall , 371; stations, 349 
 Naval vessels, 79, 342; acquisition, 
 361, 363, 365, 379; alteration, 98; 
 chartered, 363; commissioning, 
 340; construction, 88, 98, 110; con¬ 
 tracts for work on, 340; drawings, 
 350, 351; ironcladding, 209; 
 leasing, 98; letters sent, 109; 
 lists, 338; marine detachments, 
 352; models, 350, 351; muster 
 rolls, 344, 345; navy paymasters 
 attached to, 348; number, 338; 
 operations, 354; ordnance dis¬ 
 tributed to, 345; personnel re¬ 
 cords, 343; photographs, 351; 
 plans, 350; purchase, 94, 98, 
 
 365; records, 338, 341, 350, 351, 
 354, 369, 374, 410-411; surgeons 
 serve on, 349. See also Corvettes, 
 Cruisers, Gunboats, Ironclad 
 warships. Steamers 
 Navigation, 402; aids to, 113; 
 
 obstructions to, 112, 160; returns 
 on, 122 
 
 Navy, 10, 87; accounts, 109; ac¬ 
 quires lightships, 114; appoint¬ 
 ments, 71, 81; authorized 
 strength, 337; auxiliary, 338; 
 command of, 63; disbursements, 
 110, 341; exchange of captured 
 personnel, 234; governmental 
 relationships, 341; history, 341; 
 officer to head Lighthouse Bur., 
 
 113; operations, 66, 78; powder 
 stored for, 226; Provisional, 63, 
 337, 345; provisions, 340; publi¬ 
 cation of documents, 339; 
 registers, 341; regulations, 341; 
 revenue cutters turned over to, 
 
INDEX 
 
 493 
 
 123; squadrons : 353-364, engi¬ 
 neers attached to, 350, muster 
 rolls, 344, paymasters attached 
 to, 348; steward, 359; Volunteer, 
 63, 338, 342. See also Supplies, 
 naval 
 
 Navy agents, 348; Augusta, 347, 
 
 359; corresp., 366; letters to, 
 
 347 
 
 Navy Department, auditing of 
 accounts, 108; Charlotte mint 
 turned over to, 123; collecting 
 railroad iron, 209; contracts, 
 
 103; corresp., 340; cotton pur¬ 
 chased for, 132; disbursements, 
 98; established, 9, 337; expenses, 
 101; general orders, 341, 345; 
 investigation of, 342; Joint 
 Select Committee To Investigate 
 the Management of the, 16; 
 munitions for, 74; negotiates 
 with blockade-runners, 246; 
 offices : corresp., 357, 363, 
 instructions, 374, letters sent, 
 359, letters to, 341-342, 355, 
 
 358; officials: bonds, 103, 
 corresp., 383; orders, 355; 
 publications, 341; purchases 
 land at Charlotte, 375; reports, 
 338, 341; requisitions for funds, 
 
 96 
 
 Navy Division, First Auditor's 
 Office, Treasury Department, 
 
 108 
 
 Navy paymasters, accounts, 109, 
 350, 374; attached to the Navy 
 Dept., 347; bonds, 103; dis¬ 
 bursements, 348, 349; duties, 
 
 348; letters, 374; letters sent, 
 
 109, 377; navy yards, 110; 
 records, 340, 348, 374; 
 
 Savannah River Squadron, 358- 
 359; serve on: Florida, 369, 
 
 370, 371, Morgan, 361, North 
 Carolina, 356, Richmond, 356, 
 Sumter , 372; stations : Calais, 
 
 371, Drewry's Bluff, 110, France, 
 367, Jackson, 364, 377, Mobile, 
 377, New Orleans, 363, Nor¬ 
 folk Navy Yard, 380, Richmond, 
 
 110, Savannah, 110, 359, 360, 
 
 384, Shreveport, 362 
 
 Navy yards, asst, inspectors of 
 
 ordnance at, 346; civilian em¬ 
 ployees, 98; commanding officers, 
 110; employee payrolls, 110; 
 established, 373; receiving ships 
 at, 343 
 
 Negretti & Zambri, 153 
 Negroes, claims, 112; detailed at 
 Camp Lee, 241; emancipation, 70; 
 employed by : Chimborazo Gen¬ 
 eral Hospital No. 1, 196, Engi¬ 
 neer Corps, 205, Macon Armory, 
 225, military hospitals, 200, 
 Farmville General Hospital, 193, 
 quartermaster at Mobile, 268; 
 employed as cooks, 306; employ¬ 
 ment as soldiers, 31; enrollment, 
 237, 241, 242; hospital patients, 
 
 199; impressment, 155, 260; 
 laborers, 411; prisoners at Rich¬ 
 mond, 256, 257, 281 
 Neill, G. F., 117 
 Nelson, George E. W., 403 
 Nelson, Samuel, 86 
 Neuse , C.S.S., 376, 377 
 Neuse River, N. C., 356, 376 
 New Bern, N. C., captured by U. S., 
 50; district court seat, 50, 51; 
 prisoners captured at, 249; 
 quartermaster, 272; revenue cut¬ 
 ter at, 123; War Dept, records 
 sent to, 135 
 
 New Courthouse Hospital, Williams¬ 
 burg, Va., 204 
 
 New England, Read captured off 
 coast of, 368 
 
 New Iberia, La., 168; ordnance shops, 
 289 
 
 New Iberia Arsenal, La., 298 
 New Ironsides , U.S.S., 358 
 New Jersey Historical Society, 
 
 Davis papers, 68 
 New Kent County, Va., 332 
 New Mexico, corresp. re, 81; part 
 of Ariz. Terr., 58 
 New Mexico Territory, 58; Confed¬ 
 erates occupy, 296; provost 
 marshal, 411 
 
 New Orleans, La., 331; Asst. 
 Treasurer at, 122, 128; battle, 
 361-362; board of loan commrs. 
 at, 105; British consul, 84; 
 capture, 392; Charity Hospital, 
 
 349, 380; customhouse, 95; 
 
494 
 
 INDEX 
 
 customs collectors, 122, 127, 
 
 129; Davis’ papers in, 65; de¬ 
 fenses, 265; district court seat, 
 48; French consul, 84, 85; 
 hospital ship, 349; illegal cotton 
 trade with, 95; interest pay¬ 
 ments at, 107; life in, 247; loan 
 subscribers, 129; Lovell at, 325; 
 marine hospital, 123; medical 
 depot, 178; merchant, 83; mint, 
 122, 128; naval activities at, 342; 
 naval ordnance works, 345; 
 naval ship construction, 380; 
 naval vessels procured in, 361; 
 navy paymaster, 363, 364; navy 
 recruiting, 343, 345; passenger 
 lists, 127; port surveyor, 128; 
 post office, 90; postmaster, 399; 
 quartermaster depot, 153; 
 removal of naval stores from, 
 
 374; revenue cutters at, 123; 
 Ruggles at, 330; sequestration 
 receivers, 48; shipping, 83; 
 submarine built in, 378; Sumter’s 
 voyage from, 83; telegraph lines 
 to: Alexandria, 397, Houston, 
 397, Louisville, 397; Van 
 Benthuysen serves at, 353 
 New Orleans Arsenal, La., 230 
 New Orleans , C.S.S., 361 
 New Orleans Naval Station, La., 
 
 340, 344, 379-380, 382 
 New York, N.Y., 89; cotton 
 
 shipped to, 236; Davis’ papers in, 
 65; Hotze’s correspondents in, 
 
 78; incendiarism in, 73 
 New York, flag-of-truce boat, 234 
 New York Citizen , 89 
 New York Historical Society, Davis 
 papers, 68; papers of Army 
 officers : Carr, 276, 293, 
 Chisholm, 318, Coke, 243, 
 French, 169, 170, 282, Hill, 321, 
 Lee, 274; records held by : 
 Florida logbooks, 370, French 
 consulate at Richmond, 85, 
 
 Miss., Inf., 307 
 
 New York Public Library, papers 
 of Army officers : Hill, 275, 
 
 Lee, 274, Northrop, 169, Wright, 
 336; papers of naval officers : 
 Hollins, 380, Rochelle, 358; 
 papers of officials : Davis, 67, 
 
 68, W. P. Miles, 34; records 
 held by: Atty. Gen. ’s opinion 
 book, 400, 401, Conscription Bur. 
 corresp., 239, conscription 
 office at Bristol, Tenn., 242, 
 Dublin ordnance depot book, 267, 
 La., Inf., 306, Va., Inf., 312 
 Newbern, Va., 170 
 Newberry Library, Comanche 
 treaty, 215; Johnson papers, 296 
 Newell, Robert A., 245 
 Newman, Tazewell W., 310 
 Newsom Hospital, Chattanooga, 
 
 Tenn., 190 
 
 Newspapers, 238, 410; admission of 
 reporters to Congress, 10’ 19; 
 congressional proceedings in, 18; 
 documents published in: laws and 
 resolutions, 5, 6, 74, proclama¬ 
 tions, 7; Hotze’s letters to, 89; 
 letters to, 80, 109; northern, 152; 
 payments to, 98, 109, 110; sub¬ 
 scriptions, 82; telegrams to, 97 
 Niblett’s Bluff, Tex., 298 
 Nicholls, Francis T., 290 
 Nichols, E. B., 105, 289 
 Nicknames, 303 
 Nicoll, JohnC., 46 
 Nisbet, Eugenius A., 2, 34 
 Nisbet, James T., 46 
 Niter and Mining Bureau, Trans- 
 Mississippi Department, 290 
 Niter and Mining Bureau, War De¬ 
 partment, 209, 243-246; districts, 
 225, 227, 228, 244, 245; letters 
 to, 219, 226, 228, 231; list of 
 officers, 145; officers’ files, 217; 
 records re^, 410; reports, 245 
 Niter and Mining Corps, 302 
 Niter and mining service, 412 
 Niter, beds : 243, 245, records re, 
 410; caves, 215, 243; contractors, 
 245; procurement, 243 
 Nitric acid, 220 
 Nixon, JohnW., 363, 364, 377 
 Noble, John J., 105 
 Noland, B. P., 168 
 Norfolk, Va., fall of, 354; French 
 agent, 84; marine hospital, 123; 
 naval hospital, 349; quartermas¬ 
 ter, 276; revenue cutter at, 123; 
 steamship service to Ireland, 83 
 Norfolk Light Artillery, 301 
 
INDEX 
 
 495 
 
 Norfolk Museum of Arts and 
 Sciences, Shenandoah’s order 
 book, 371; Whittle diary, 373; 
 Whittle papers, 367 
 Norfolk Naval Hospital, Va., 355 
 Norfolk Navy Yard, 380-381; con¬ 
 version of Merrimack at, 349; 
 Ellis returns to, 356; evacua¬ 
 tion, 342, 350, 375; letters to 
 commandant, 355; ordnance 
 captured at, 345; records re, 
 
 340 
 
 Norris, William, 152, 153, 235, 
 
 236 
 
 North, James H., 87, 90, 340, 
 
 365, 366, 367 
 
 North, R. W., Art Gallery, 
 Shreveport, La., 67 
 North, purchases by Southerners 
 in, 39; ’’Secret Line” to, 152 
 North Atlantic Ocean, 340; cruise 
 of the Florida in, 367 
 North Carolina, admitted to Confed¬ 
 eracy, 9; camps in, 309, 326; 
 chief commissary, 168; chief 
 tax collector, 116, 117; coal 
 mining, 243, 246; commandant 
 of conscripts, 219, 240; commis¬ 
 sary depots, 168; conscription 
 service, 242; depositaries, 130; 
 district court, 50, 414; engineer 
 officers, 207; field transporta¬ 
 tion, 162; general of reserves, 
 303; in the Dept, of Northern 
 Va., 272; iron agent, 346; iron 
 manufacture, 346; Jackson’s 
 division in, 319; Ladies Cumber¬ 
 land Hospital Association, 201; 
 letters to officials, 242; lime¬ 
 stone works, 243; local defense 
 forces, 148; mail contracts, 394; 
 maps, 205, 209; medical pur¬ 
 veyors, 178; military hospitals, 
 177, 186-189, 195; military 
 organizations, 408; military 
 service records, 407; muster 
 rolls, 145; naval defenses, 340, 
 354, 356, 380, 387; niter and 
 mining service, 244; number of 
 Representatives, 15; occupied by 
 Union forces, 393; officers 
 serve in: Branch, 316, Cling- 
 man, 318, Dawson, 319, 
 
 Graham, 320, Hill, 321, Holmes, 
 321, Lippitt, 324, McDonald, 325, 
 Pender, 328, Pettigrew, 328, 
 Smith, 331, Wise, 336; opens 
 hospital at Raleigh, 187; part of : 
 Dept. ofN. C. and S. Va., 270, 
 Dept, of Tenn., 286; Produce 
 Loan agent, 115; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 153; records 
 of troops, 308-309; regimental 
 officers, 147, 148; reserve forces, 
 309, 321; roster, 408; sales of 
 property, 98; secession ordinance, 
 5; seizes : Coast Survey vessels, 
 123, Fayetteville Arsenal, 223; 
 State Navy, 50, 356; surgeons 
 serve in, 335; survey of defenses, 
 333; surveying parties, 205; tax 
 assessors, 130; tax returns, 118; 
 Treasury Dept, field offices, 130; 
 volunteer regiments, 302 
 North Carolina , C.S.S., 356, 387 
 North Carolina Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 200 
 
 North Carolina Squadron, 340, 344, 
 356-357; guns supplied to, 384 
 North Carolina State Department of 
 Archives and History, copyright 
 records of N. C., 51; court re¬ 
 cords transferred by, 50; Davis 
 papers, 68; Mallory papers, 356; 
 military service records, 407; 
 papers of Army officers : Beaure¬ 
 gard, 314, Branch, 316, Burwynn, 
 317, Fleming, 319, Gordon, 275, 
 Grimes, 275, 320, Hill, 286, 321, 
 Lee, 274, Mull, 327, Pettigrew, 
 328, Ramseur, 276, Whitford, 
 
 166, Whiting, 271, 335, Wrotham, 
 336; papers of Surgeon Smith, 
 
 272; records held by : naval in¬ 
 struction, 380, N. C., Inf., 309, 
 payrolls, 375, Shenandoah log¬ 
 book, 370; Waddell papers, 371 
 North Carolina Supreme Court, 
 decision re conscription law, 41 
 North Carolina University, Southern 
 Historical Collection, Bayne’s 
 autobiography, 247; dia ries : 
 Anderson, 140, 286, Beatty, 315, 
 Bragg, 401, 402, Chew, 367, 
 Kennedy, 277, Lee, 90, North, 
 
 367, Paris, 328, Wellford, 140; 
 
496 
 
 INDEX 
 
 journal of the gunboat Florida , 
 361; maps, 209; papers held by : 
 Anderson, 33, Arrington, 33, 
 Clouet, 34, Cobb, 33, Curry, 
 
 33, Graham, 34, Harrison, 34, 
 Hemphill, 34, Jones, 34, 
 McDowell, 34, Miles, 34, Orr, 
 
 34, Perkins, 34, Rhett, 34, 
 Smith, 35, 376, Turner, 35; 
 papers of Army officers: 
 Alexander, 274, Allan, 278, 
 Andrews, 151, 314, Benning, 
 
 275, Boykin, 315, Broun, 231, 
 Bryan, 272, Carter, 317, Cheat¬ 
 ham, 318, Chesnut, 69, Clarke, 
 318, Clingman, 318, Colston, 
 
 318, Dawson, 319, Douglas, 278, 
 Evans, 172, Ewell, 275, Gaston, 
 184, Gilmer, 207, 320, Graham, 
 320, Grimes, 275, Hanes, 320, 
 Harrison, 278, Haskell, 321, 
 Holt, 187, Jackson, 275, John¬ 
 ston, 69, King, 323, Langdon, 
 324, Law, 324, Lawton, 160, 
 
 Lee, R., 274, Lee, S. D., 324, 
 Lippitt, 324, Locke, 170, 
 
 Lockett, 324, Logan, 324-325, 
 McLaws, 325, MacRae, 326, 
 Mallett, 242, Maney, 326, 
 
 Moore, 327, Olmstead, 327, 
 Osborne, 327-328, Pemberton, 
 264, Pender, 328, Pendleton, 
 
 276, Pettigrew, 328, Polk, 329, 
 Purvis, 330, Rains, 221, 
 Ramseur, 276, Ruffin, 170, 
 Saunders, 331, Smith, 293, 
 Stedman, 332, Stout, 176, 182, 
 Stovall, 288, Taliaferro, 279, 
 Tate, 333, Thompson, 333, 
 Venable, 279, Waddell, 334, 
 Walker, 334, Walter, 334, 
 Winder, 249; papers of chap¬ 
 lains : Beckwith, 315, Betts, 
 
 315, Dabney, 277, Lacy, 272, 
 Lay, 324, Marshall, 272, 
 Quintard, 289; papers of Marine 
 Corps Officers ^ Graves, 
 
 353, Thomson, 353; papers 
 of naval officers : Brooke, 
 
 347, Buchanan, 355, 361, 
 Forrest, 355, 381, Gift, 360, 
 
 361, Graves, 361, Harrison, 361, 
 Maffitt, 371, Marsden, 356, 
 
 Randall, 357, Tomb, 357, Wood, 
 
 69, 365; papers of officials: 
 
 Black, 121, Brown, 121, Campbell, 
 33, 139, Davis, 68, E. J. Harden, 
 48, Lynch, 396, Mallory, 342, 
 Memminger, 34, 99-100, Noyes, 
 126, Ramsey, 34, 130, Stephens, 
 
 71; papers of surgeons : Mem¬ 
 minger, 326, Shaffner, 277, 
 
 White, 335, Winfield, 277; 
 personal papers : Barnsley, 197, 
 LeConte, 245; records held by : 
 Alabama documents, 372, Army 
 of the Miss., 270, Atty. Gen. ’s 
 opinion book, 401, Dept. ofS.C., 
 Ga. and Fla. order book, 284, 
 engineer office at Charleston, 285, 
 General Hospitals at Raleigh, 187, 
 188, Hunley , 378, inspection re¬ 
 port, 180, Mallett & Browne, 246, 
 N. C. Art., 309, N.C., Inf., 309, 
 prescription book, 195, Shenan ¬ 
 doah journal, 371, Shenandoah , 
 logbook, 370, S. C., Inf., 310, 
 
 Va., Inf., 312, Wayside Hospital 
 High Point, 187 
 North East Ferry, N.C., 250 
 Northerners, indebtedness to, 48; 
 
 own property in the South, 39 
 Northrop, Lucius B., 168, 169, 170 
 Northwestern conspiracy, 90 
 Nott Hospital, Mobile, Ala., patients, 
 177 
 
 Nova Scotia, Canada, Holcombe in, 
 
 73 
 
 Noxubee County, Miss., 49 
 Noyes, Alonzo B., 126 
 Noyes, James B., 244 
 Nuevo L^on and Coahuila, 73 
 Nutt, William D., 100 
 
 Oaths, 411; allegiance, 104, 133, 411, 
 412; amnesty, 405, 411; loyalty, 9, 
 411; naturalization, 37, 56; naval 
 personnel, 344; ownership of 
 vessels, 124 
 
 Oaths of office, AIGO, 141; civil 
 officers, 103; court officials, 38, 
 39, 40, 47, 55; executive depts., 
 82; Members of Congress, 13; 
 post route agents, 392; postmas¬ 
 ters, 392; Produce Loan Office, 
 
 116; Representatives, 24; 
 
INDEX 
 
 497 
 
 sequestration receivers, 39, 45; 
 Treasury Dept., 97 
 O’Bannon, Laurens W., 290 
 Occupations, 117, 232, 238, 241, 
 
 249, 258, 373 
 
 Occupied areas, civil jurisdiction 
 in, 143; maps, 208 
 Ocmulgee Hospital, Macon, Ga., 
 
 184 
 
 Oconee , C.S.S., 110, 359 
 O’Connor, Charles, 67 
 Ocracoke, N. C., marine hospital, 
 123 
 
 Office of Deposit, Treasury De¬ 
 partment, 92 
 
 Official Records of the Union and 
 Confederate Armies, 144, 419- 
 420 
 
 Official Records of the Union and 
 Confederate Navies , 339 
 Offutt, Henry St. G., 388, 393 
 Ogden, Henry D., 327 
 Ogelthorpe Barracks, Savannah, 
 
 Ga., 327 
 
 Ohio Historical Society, 361 
 Oil, 114 
 
 Oklahoma, admission, 213 
 Oklahoma Historical Society, 214 
 Oklahoma Territory, 213 
 Oklahoma University Library, 
 
 Boudinot papers, 33; Indian tribes, 
 214; papers of Army officers : 
 Cooper, 296, McCoy, 325, Maxey, 
 296, Watie, 296; Pike papers, 
 
 215; Pitchlynn papers, 214 
 Okolona (Miss.) Ordnance Depot, 
 
 301 
 
 Oladowski, Hypolite, 223, 270 
 
 Old, W. W., 279 
 
 Oldham, Williamson S., 20, 22, 
 
 34 
 
 Olive Branch , schooner, 46 
 Oliver, John N., 417 
 Olmstead, Charles H., 327 
 Olustee , C.S.S., 373 
 Ontario Province, Holcombe in, 73 
 Opelika, Ala., hospital, 184 
 Opelousas, La., district court 
 seat, 48 
 
 Opothleyohola, Chief, 211, 212 
 Orange & Alexandria Railroad, 276 
 Orange County, Va., 153 
 Orange Courthouse, Va., 276; 
 
 general hospital, 192, 194 
 Orange Guards, 309 
 Orders and Detail Office, Navy De¬ 
 partment, 337, 342-345; corresp., 
 355, 377; letters sent, 356, 360, 
 385; letters to, 355, 360, 361, 362, 
 363, 381, 385; orders issued by, 
 110, 345, 362 
 
 Orders Office, Adjutant and Inspec¬ 
 tor General’s Office, 140 
 Ordinances, ratification, 1, 4; 
 secession : 1, adopted, 9, in Li- 
 rary of Congress, 5, preserved 
 by State Dept., 4, 74 
 Ordnance, 226, 228, 230, 261, 270, 
 272, 2'76, 334, 405; accounts, 307, 
 308, 310, 311; contracts, 220; 
 corresp. re, 206; drawings, 217, 
 227; experiments, 346; imported 
 through Matamoras, 73; inspector, 
 215; inventories, 217; invoices, 
 
 218, 231, 298, manufacture, 230; 
 procurement, 134, 215, 216; 
 records re, 318, 323; requisitions, 
 263; returns, 299 
 Ordnance agents, 215; letters to, 
 
 231, 232; records re, 410 
 Ordnance and Hydrography Office, 
 Navy Department, 337, 345-347; 
 corresp., 355; letters to, 355, 
 
 367, 385; returns to re guns, 359 
 Ordnance and Ordnance Stores, 
 
 House Standing Committee on, 25 
 Ordnance Bureau, Trans-Mississippi 
 Dept., 290 
 
 Ordnance Bureau, War Dept., 216- 
 233; contracts, 218; established, 
 215; instructions issued, 226; 
 operates blockade-runners, 246; 
 orders, 232; reports, 216. See 
 also Chief of Ordnance, Ordnance 
 Department 
 
 Ordnance Department, 409; agents, 
 220; corresp., 420; cotton pur¬ 
 chases, 129; prison turned over 
 to, 257; records, 405, 414; regu¬ 
 lations, 216; requests for funds, 
 138; women employees, 22. See 
 also Chief of Ordnance, Ordnance 
 Bureau 
 
 Ordnance depots, 218; Bermuda, 216; 
 Dalton, 223; Danville, 223; 
 Greensboro, 224; Jackson, 224; 
 
498 
 
 INDEX 
 
 letters to, 227; Lynchburg, 224 
 Ordnance Division, Second Auditor’s 
 Office, Treasury Department, 
 
 111 
 
 Ordnance Establishments in Rich¬ 
 mond and Vicinity, House 
 Special Committee To Inspect, 
 
 26 
 
 Ordnance Harness Shops, Clarks¬ 
 ville, Va., 231 
 Ordnance officers, 218, 260; 
 accounts, 93; Army of N. Va., 
 274, 278, 279; Columbus, Ky., 
 270; corresp., 217; Dept, of 
 Miss, and E. La., 263; Dist. of 
 W. La., 298; employees, 159; 
 examination for appointments, 
 
 227; Fort Brown, 297; instruc¬ 
 tions to, 217; Isle of Hope, 286; 
 letters sent, 228; letters to, 219, 
 220, 223, 227, 229, 231, 232; 
 
 N. C., Inf., 333; on Jackson’s 
 staff, 335; Pocataligo, 285; 
 telegrams, 227; Tex., 297; 
 Vicksburg, 325 
 
 Ordnance stores, 215, 218, 225, 
 
 226, 228, 232, 261, 270, 272, 283, 
 334, 405; contracts, 220, 229, 
 
 231; inventories, 217, 307; in¬ 
 voices, 217, 218, 220, 221, 223, 
 229, 230, 231, 298; manufacture, 
 230; payments for, 98; procure¬ 
 ment, 216; reports of, 304; 
 requisitions, 263; returns, 299, 
 308; supplied to Army of Tennes¬ 
 see, 219; Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 
 289 
 
 Ordnance supplies, 292; invoices, 
 217; procured by Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Dept., 289 
 Ordnance works, Trans-Miss. 
 
 Dept., 292 
 Ordway, Albert, 256 
 Organization and Administration of 
 the Medical, Commissary, and 
 Quartermaster’s Departments, 
 Special Committee To Inquire 
 into the, 12 
 
 Organization Office, Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office, 140 
 Orr, James L., 20, 21, 22, 34 
 Orr, John A., 30 
 Orr, John M., 170 
 
 Osage Indians, accept court, 60; 
 agent to, 213; location, 210; mili¬ 
 tary organizations, 302; supplies 
 issued to, 214 
 Osborne, Edwin A., 327 
 Ost, Charles J., 346 
 O’Sullivan, John L., 73, 75 
 Otey, John M., 328 
 Otis and Templeton, 385 
 Ott, John, 100 
 
 Ould, Robert, 70, 81, 134, 234, 235, 
 236, 249, 250, 256, 417 
 Oury, Granville H., 9, 24, 34 
 Outrages Committed by the Enemy 
 Upon the Persons and Property of 
 Our Citizens, Senate Select Com¬ 
 mittee To Investigate, 21 
 Outrages of the Enemy, House 
 Special Committee To Inquire 
 into Certain, 28 
 
 Oven Bluff, Ala., naval constructor 
 at, 350; ship construction, 361, 
 377; shipyard, 340 
 Overseers, 160 
 
 Overton General Hospital, Memphis, 
 Tenn., 190 
 
 Owen, W. Miller, 417 
 Owens, James B., 2, 10 
 Owings, Israel C., 29 
 Owl , blockade-runner, 371, 372 
 Oxford, Miss., University Hospital, 
 186 
 
 Pacific Ocean, cruise of the Ala ¬ 
 bama in, 367; Shenandoah’s 
 cruise in, 368 
 
 Pacquet du Bellet, Paul, 73, 75 
 Page, Peyton N. , 237 
 Page, Richard L., 358, 359, 375 
 Page, Thomas J., 340, 368, 371 
 Paige, Nathaniel, 76 
 Paine, F. J., 328 
 Paine, Halbert E., 236 
 PaKrey, Edward A., 140 
 Palmer, George W., 133 
 Palmetto Guards, 309 
 Palmetto State, C.S.S., 357, 358, 
 370 
 
 Palo Alto, N. C., 399 
 Pamlico . C.S.S., 361 
 Pamlico (N. C.) judicial division, 50, 
 51 
 
INDEX 
 
 499 
 
 Papacy, 81 
 
 Paper, 216; furnished to engineers, 
 205; manufacture, 97 
 Papermill, 258 
 
 Pardons, preserved by State Dept., 
 74; President to grant, 63; 
 record copies, 84; Va., 58 
 Paris, JohnO., 328 
 Paris, France, commr. in, 87; 
 depositary at, 92, 99; Lynch’s 
 visit to, 78; Mason visits, 87; 
 naval forces hdqrs., 340, 366; 
 North serves in, 367; Sanders 
 in, 88 
 
 Parker, James, 370 
 Parker, JohnH., 349, 383 
 Parker, William H., 378, 379 
 Parkhill, John H., 268 
 Parole camps, 235 
 Paroles, applications for, 411 
 Parsley, A. G., 105 
 Parsons, Mosby M., 292, 295 
 Partisan rangers, 147, 148, 278, 
 302, 303; Ala., 327 
 Pascagoula River, 262 
 Passenger lists, 122; New Orleans, 
 127 
 
 Passes, 266, 282, 286, 347, 405, 
 410, 411 
 
 Passports, 260, 282, 407; applica¬ 
 tions for, 84; corresp. re, 80; 
 issued at Richmond, 136, 268; 
 issued by foreign consuls, 84; 
 issued to commrs. and agents, 
 82; letters re, 80; register, 202; 
 State Dept, to issue, 74; stubs, 
 
 84 
 
 Passports Issued to Youths To 
 Leave the Confederate States, 
 House Special Committee on, 30 
 Patent, House Special Committee 
 Relative to Compensation for a, 
 29 
 
 Patent cases, 38 
 Patent examiners, 402 
 Patent Office, Justice Department, 
 400, 402-403; employees’bonds, 
 103; reports, 402 
 Patentees, names, 402 
 Patents, 10, 402, 403; assignments, 
 403; drawings, 403; lists, 402; 
 records re, 13, 402-403 
 Patents, House Standing Committee 
 
 on, 25 
 
 Patents, Senate Standing Committee 
 on, 20 
 
 Patents, Standing Committee on, 11 
 Paterson, J. T., 118 
 Patillo, Trenton A., 53 
 Patrick Henry, C.S.S., 354, 355, 
 378, 379 
 
 Patriotic associations, 404 
 Patterson, James H., 44 
 Pattison, Benjamin, 42 
 Patton, John M., Jr., 279 
 Paul, Alfred, 32, 85 
 Pawnee Indians, agency records, 
 
 214 
 
 Paxton, A. M., 162 
 Paxton, Elisha F., 278 
 Pay, Army officers, 139; civilian 
 employees, 159, 412; claims, 113; 
 engineer personnel, 206; military 
 personnel, 161, 412; naval person¬ 
 nel, 357, 359, 374; vouchers, 405 
 Pay and Mileage, Committee on, 11 
 Pay and Mileage, House Special 
 Committee on, 29 
 Pay and Mileage, House Standing 
 Committee on, 25 
 Pay and Mileage, Senate Special 
 Committee on, 21 
 
 Pay Branch, Quartermaster General’ 
 Office, 155 
 
 Pay Bureau, Quartermaster Gen¬ 
 eral’s Office, 161-162 
 Pay Division, Second Auditor’s 
 Office, 111 
 
 Pay Division, Third Auditor’s Office, 
 113 
 
 Paymasters, accounts, 93; delin¬ 
 quent, 110; letters, 128; Marine 
 Corps, 351-352; Trans-Miss. 
 
 Dept., 293 
 
 Payrolls, 412, 414; Army, 111, 112, 
 144; civilian employees, 159, 374, 
 375, 412; Commr. of Taxes 
 Office, 118; customs service, 104; 
 Dept. ofS.C., Ga., and Fla., 
 
 285; Engineer Bur., 206; First 
 Auditor's Office, 110; hospital 
 guards, 268; Marine Corps, 339, 
 412; military hospitals, 171; mili¬ 
 tary personnel, 159, 412; naval 
 personnel : 344, 345, 357, 361, 
 
 412, cruisers, 371, officers, 369, 
 
500 
 
 INDEX 
 
 vessels, 110; naval shore estab¬ 
 lishments, 373-374; navy yards, 
 110, 350, 381; Post Office Dept. 
 Agent for the Trans-Miss. West, 
 389; Register’s Office, 107; 
 Second Auditor’s Office, 113; 
 slaves, 159; State Dept., 82; 
 Texas Cotton Office, 293; Third 
 Auditor’s Office, 113; Treasury 
 Dept., 95; Treasury Note Bur., 
 120, 132; vessels, 410; War Dept., 
 99, 138 
 
 Peace commissioners, appointment, 
 70 
 
 Pearce, N. B., 292 
 Pearl, John M., 361 
 Pearl River, 267 
 Peebles, James E., 136 
 Peebles, W. W., 50 
 Pee Dee (Mars Bluff) Navy Yard, 
 S.C., 381 
 Pee Dee River, 381 
 Peedee , C.S. S., 381 
 Pegram, Robert B., 90, 367 
 Pember, Phoebe Y., 197 
 Pemberton, JohnC., 67, 263, 264, 
 283, 325, 333, 417 
 Pemberton’s Prison, Richmond, 
 
 Va., 255 
 
 Pender, David, 346 
 Pender, William Dorsey, 328 
 Pendleton, Dudley D., 279 
 Pendleton, William N., 275, 278, 
 279, 415 
 
 Peninsular campaign, 318, 328 
 Penitentiaries, 410 
 Pennsylvania, 324 
 Pennsylvania Historical Society, 
 Hidell papers, 71 
 Penny, Wm. & Co., 376 
 Pensacola, Fla., 262, 280; board 
 of loan commrs. at, 105; de¬ 
 fenses, 315; district court terms, 
 45; general hospital, 182; guard, 
 307; naval hospital, 349; pris¬ 
 oners moved to Tuscaloosa, 258; 
 shipping, 83; Van Benthuysen 
 serves at, 353; Walker serves 
 at, 334 
 
 Pensacola Military District, 382 
 Pensacola Naval Station, Fla., 340 
 Pensacola Navy Yard, 382; battery, 
 353 
 
 Pensions, 341; applications for, 414 
 Percussion caps, 216, 220, 229. 
 
 See also Caps 
 
 Perkins, John, Jr., 2, 27, 29, 31, 34 
 Perkins, Thomas J., 115 
 Perry, Benjamin F., 51 
 Personnel records, 81-82; Comp¬ 
 troller’s Office, 102; Secretary of 
 War, 138; State Dept., 80-82; 
 Treasury Dept., 97. See also 
 Applications for appointments, 
 Appointments, Civilian employees. 
 Payrolls 
 
 Persons, Alexander W., 250 
 Peterkin, George W., 417 
 Peters, Thomas, 165, 264 
 Peters, William H., 348, 356 
 Petersburg, Va., 270; burials at, 
 248; camp of instruction, 241; 
 Colston transferred to, 318; 
 comdr., 311; conscription organi¬ 
 zation, 238; court-martial in, 151; 
 defenses, 208, 328, 332, 413; 
 depositary, 133; hospitals, 194- 
 195; medical purveyor, 178; 
 paroled prisoners at, 234; part of 
 the Dept, of Henrico, 268; 
 smeltery, 244; Walton serves 
 near, 334 
 
 Petersburg Naval Powder Works, 
 
 Va., 375, 382 
 
 Petersburg Naval Ropewalk, Va., 
 343, 382-383 
 Petersburg Railroad, 282 
 Petit juries, Ariz. Terr., 58 
 Petitions and memorials, 17; House 
 of Reps., 31; Provisional Con¬ 
 gress, 13; Senate, 23; texts, 18 
 Petrel. 123 
 
 Pettes, William R., 126 
 Pettigrew, J. Johnston, 328 
 Pettigrew Hospital, Raleigh, N.C., 
 187, 188 
 
 Pettus, Edmund W., 288 
 Peytonsburg, Va., 399 
 Phantom, blockade-runner, 373 
 Pharmaceutical laboratories, 178 
 Phelan, James, 20, 21 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 89 
 Phillips, Philip, 65 
 Phillips, W. S., 306 
 Philo Parsons , 74 
 Phinizy & Clayton, 115 
 
INDEX 
 
 501 
 
 Phoenix , C.S.S., 377 
 Photographs, Hunley , 378; 
 
 McClintock, 378; naval vessels, 
 351; vessels, 410 
 Photography, used to copy maps, 
 205 
 
 Physical descriptions, 84, 303, 
 
 412 
 
 Physicians, Army of Tenn., 176; 
 civilian, 349; claims for serv¬ 
 ices, 113; contracts : 172, 197, 
 Ga., 179, Raleigh, 177; employ¬ 
 ment of, 170; exempted, 238; 
 letters to, 175; payments to, 98 
 Pickens , revenue cutter, 361 
 Pickett, George E., 271, 276, 277, 
 278, 328, 417 
 
 Pickett, John T., 8, 73, 75, 76, 
 
 77, 79, 86, 90 
 Pierce, Joseph, 385, 386 
 Pierce, W. W., 153 
 Pig Point, 364 
 Piggot, Aaron S., 244 
 Pike, Albert, 60, 81, 210, 211, 212, 
 213, 214, 215, 295, 418 
 Pillow, Gideon J., 235, 247, 300, 
 301, 328, 402, 418 
 Pilotage, 340 
 
 Pilots, 343, 344, 355, 359, 360 
 Pinckney, C. C., 222 
 Pinkney, Robert F., 356 
 Pinner’s Point, Va., 364 
 Pinson, Harnet, 328 
 Pioneers, rolls, 145 
 Piracy, 10 
 
 Pistols, 222, 223, 225, 226 
 Pitchlynn, Peter P., 214 
 Plans, engineer equipment, 207; 
 fortifications, 336; machinery, 
 207; military defenses, 207, 208; 
 naval ordnance, 347; naval ves¬ 
 sels, 350, 351 
 Plantations, 115 
 
 Planters, 115, 411; required to pay 
 tax in kind, 166 
 Plymouth, N.C., battle, 272; 
 
 customs collector, 130 
 Plymouth , C.S.S., 380 
 Pocataligo, S.C., 285 
 Poindexter, Carter B., 340 
 Point Isabel, Tex., customs col¬ 
 lector, 133 
 
 Point Lookout, Md., 353, 357, 358 
 
 Police, 260, 411 
 Polish exiles, recruitment, 72 
 Polk, Leonidas, 236, 263, 269, 286, 
 288, 300, 329, 402, 415, 418 
 Polk County, Tenn., 243 
 Polls, soldiers', 410 
 Pontchartrain, C.S.S., 361, 362, 
 
 377 
 
 Pontoniers, 277, 302 
 Pontoon bridges, 205, 206 
 Pontotoc, Miss., district court seat, 
 49 
 
 Pope, Barton C., 45 
 Pope, Joseph D., 116, 117, 119 
 Pope Pius IX, 72, 77, 78 
 Port Hudson, La., military dist. 
 hdqrs., 264; paroled prisoners 
 from, 234; siege, 336 
 Port Lavaca, Tex., shipping, 83 
 Porter, J. W. H., 340 
 Porter, John L., 340, 349, 350, 
 
 351, 381 
 
 Porter, Sidney D., 377 
 Porter, Thomas K., 366 
 Porterfield, John, 105 
 Portlock, E. E., Jr., 295, 296 
 Ports, coin and bullion at, 101; 
 departures of vessels, 260; lost 
 on Atlantic Coast, 247; vessels 
 arriving and clearing, 83. See 
 also Blockade of Southern coast. 
 Customs collectors. Imports, 
 Shipping 
 
 Portugal, U.S. minister in, 73 
 Posey, Carnot, 49 
 Post Office Department, 9, 388; 
 accounts, 92, 108, 109, 113, 120, 
 128; bureau letters sent, 396; 
 corresp., 340; employees’ 
 resignations, 390; expenses, 15; 
 letters to, 109; records, 414, 415; 
 reports, 18; warrants, 128 
 Post Office Department Agent for 
 the Trans-Mississippi West, 395, 
 398-399 
 
 Post offices, 10; accounts, 396; 
 administration, 391; discontinu¬ 
 ance, 392; Fort Smith, 399; 
 Halifax County, 399; Ky., 391; 
 list, 391; number in the South, 
 
 391; Peytonsburg, 399; records 
 re, 410 
 
 Post Offices and Post Roads, House 
 
502 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Standing Committee on, 25 
 Post Offices and Post Roads, 
 
 Senate Standing Committee on, 
 
 20 
 
 Post roads, 10 
 Postage, 138, 174 
 Postage stamps, 109, 398; distri¬ 
 bution, 394; printing, 390; 
 procurement, 392 
 Postal Affairs, Standing Commit¬ 
 tee on, 11 
 
 Postal agents, accounts, 113 
 Postal routes, agents : 389, 390, 
 duties, 391, inspection, 396, let¬ 
 ters to, 109, 392, 393, 396; con¬ 
 tracts for, 392; descriptions, 392; 
 records r£, 394, 398; revision, 
 392. See also Mails 
 Postal service, maritime proposed, 
 83 
 
 Postmaster General, 388, 389; 
 assumes charge of postal 
 system, 389; corresp., 390, 
 
 397, 398; instruction to post¬ 
 masters, 391; letters, 394, 396, 
 398; proclamation re claims, 
 
 395; reports, 388, 390 
 Postmasters, 389; accounts, 390, 
 395; appointments, 391; claims, 
 388, 390; Columbus, Ky., 395; 
 corresp., 398; Danville, 399; 
 delinquencies, 108; deposits, 113; 
 funds received by, 98; inspec¬ 
 tion, 396; instructions to, 391; 
 letters sent, 82, 399; letters to, 
 109, 390, 392, 393, 396; New 
 Orleans, 399; Palo Alto, 399; 
 payments due, 109; recommen¬ 
 dations for appointment, 390; 
 Shreveport, 398; Tex., 56 
 Potomac Creek, 364 
 Potomac Creek Bridge, 364 
 Potomac District, Department of 
 Northern Virginia, 272 
 Potomac River, 277; naval bat¬ 
 teries on, 364; Signal Corps 
 camp on, 152 
 Potts, Richard, 179 
 Powder, 221, 228, 345; boxes, 220; 
 captured at Norfolk, 380; ex¬ 
 periments with, 227, 385; manu¬ 
 facture, 215, 216, 243, 379; 
 storage, 226; transportation, 
 
 160 
 
 Powder mills, 215, 218; establish¬ 
 ment authorized, 215 
 Powder works, Augusta, Ga., 220, 
 221 
 
 Powell, Thomas L., 53 
 Powell, W. L., 263 
 Powers, Frank P., 331 
 Powers of attorney, 47, 150, 410 
 Powhatan Artillery, 311 
 Pratt, H. P., 398 
 Pratt, Julius A., 345 
 Pratt Hospital, Lynchburg, Va., 
 
 194 
 
 Prattville, Ala., 376 
 Prescription books, 180, 181, 183, 
 186, 187, 189, 192, 193, 195, 197, 
 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 412 
 President, acceptances of resigna¬ 
 tions, 82; acting appointments, 82 
 addresses, 66; aides’ papers, 69; 
 as Commander in Chief, 136, 259; 
 authorized to : assume control of 
 telegraph lines, 396, bestow 
 medals, 140, issue regulations 
 governing foreign commerce, 
 
 246; authorized to appoint : 
 appraisers, 154, cadets, 149, 
 chaplains, 151, officers, 145, 302, 
 Post Office Dept. Agent for the 
 Trans-Miss. West, 398; elected, 
 9; electors, 7, 14; inauguration, 
 
 11, 15; interest in records, 135; 
 laws given to, 6; letters sent, 23, 
 31, 97; letters to, 69, 79, 80, 81, 
 83, 90, 95, 136, 137, 141, 259, 
 
 390; messages, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 
 22, 23, 31, 62, 63, 66, 84; mili¬ 
 tary adviser to, 313, 315; nomi¬ 
 nations, 13, 14, 19, 21, 23, 60, 
 
 136, 137; powers, 63; relations 
 with Congress, 342; salary, 98; 
 Secretary of War consults with, 
 136; Senate committee confers 
 with, 22; signs commissions, 63; 
 staff, 62-63; telegrams, 66, 274; 
 visited by Congressmen, 31. See 
 also Davis, Jefferson; Executive 
 Office 
 
 President’s Message, Senate Select 
 Committee on the Portion of the, 
 22 
 
 President of the Senate, 70; Hunter 
 
INDEX 
 
 503 
 
 serves as, 19 
 
 President’s Guard, 268; records, 
 409; roster, 150 
 
 Pressley, Benjamin C., 122, 132 
 Preston, John S., 238, 239, 240, 
 253 
 
 Preston, William, 73, 78, 265, 418 
 Price, Joseph, 377 
 Price, Sterling, 291, 295, 299, 329, 
 330, 418 
 
 Price, William C., 240 
 Price, William H. C., 244 
 Prices, 143; impressed property, 
 154; pistol components, 226; 
 provisions, 198 
 Pride, Henry, 222 
 Primers, 220 
 
 Princeton University Library, 
 
 papers : Crutchfield, 278, Davis, 
 68, Stephens, 71 
 
 Printers, 97, 119, 390; letters to, 
 106, 392; payments to, 110 
 Printers, House Special Committee 
 on Exemption of, 28 
 Printing, currency, 97; expendi¬ 
 tures in France, 89; Govt., 403; 
 laws, 5; State Dept., 80, 82; 
 Treasury notes, 97, 105, 118, 
 
 120 
 
 Printing, House Standing Commit¬ 
 tee on, 25 
 
 Printing, Joint Committee on, 15 
 Printing, Senate Standing Commit¬ 
 tee on, 20, 21 
 
 Printing, Standing Committee on, 
 
 11 
 
 Prioleau, William H., 179 
 Prison guards, 302, 412; records 
 re, 406; rolls, 145 
 Prisoners, bonds, 411; captured by 
 privateers, 401; civilian : 249, 
 arrest, 38, imprisoned in Rich¬ 
 mond, 256, 257, 268, 281, 
 investigations re, 250, records 
 re , 138, 411, 412, Salisbury, 258, 
 Va., 58; commrs. to examine, 
 137, 281; Federal, 266; military : 
 260, Atlanta, 252, exchange, 81, 
 lists, 412, records re, 411, 
 Richmond, 257, 268, Salisbury, 
 258; naval, 341, 359, 367; 
 
 Negro, 181, 257; paroles, 287, 
 
 411, 412; political: administra¬ 
 
 tion, 136, arrested in east Ten¬ 
 nessee, 138, commrs. to examine, 
 300, 410, Dept, of E. Tenn., 266, 
 examination, 137, 281, held at 
 Salisbury, 249, imprisoned in 
 Richmond, 256, 281, letters re, 
 
 80, 81, 136, 249, letters to State 
 Dept., 81, lists, 249, records re, 
 411, 420; release, 411; rolls, 412; 
 statements of, 412 
 
 Prisoners at Castle Thunder, House 
 Special Committee To Inquire into 
 the Treatment of, 27 
 
 Prisoners of war, 296; documents 
 re, 420; exchange, 70, 144, 233- 
 235; lists, 332; Negroes, 256; 
 oaths, 412; paroled, 144, 234, 249, 
 405, 412; records re burned, 17; 
 rolls, 333 
 
 Prisoners of war (Confederate in 
 U.S. prisons), 73, 74, 405, 411; 
 agent to supply, 236; escapees in 
 Canada, 73, 81; information re, 
 235; parolees, 235; plot to release, 
 91; Point Lookout, 353; rolls, 249; 
 subsistence, 168; transportation, 
 164 
 
 Prisoners of war (U. S. in Confed¬ 
 erate prisons), 250-259, 411, 414, 
 419; autopsies, 182; Belle Isle, 
 
 195; burial, 248; Castle Thunder, 
 199; corresp. re, 235; enlist in 
 Confederate Army, 250, 258; 
 exchanged, 249, 250, 253, 254, 
 
 255, 256, 259, 261; naval, 252, 
 
 256; paroled, 196, 235, 249, 250, 
 253, 256, 257; patients in Chatta¬ 
 nooga hospital, 190; records re, 
 248-250; Richmond, 200, 247, 
 
 257; rolls, 249; Second Alabama 
 Hospital, 195; South Carolina. 
 
 381; Tex. , 291; treatment, 236, 
 
 247, 248, 255 
 
 Prisoners of War, House Special 
 Committee on the Exchange of, 
 
 30 
 
 Prisoners of War, Joint Select Com¬ 
 mittee To Investigate the Condi¬ 
 tion and Treatment of, 17, 31 
 
 Prisons, military, 404; Anderson- 
 ville, 250-251; Atlanta, 252; 
 Cahaba, 252; Camp Ford, 291; 
 Camp Groce, 291; Camp 
 
504 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Lawton, 252; Charleston, 252- 
 253; Columbia, 253, 285; Dan¬ 
 ville, 253; documents re, 235; 
 Florence, 254; inspection re¬ 
 ports, 249; lists, 249; Lynch¬ 
 burg, 254; Macon, 254; 
 Richmond, 173, 254-257, 268, 
 281; Salisbury, 257; Savannah, 
 258; supervision, 247; Texas, 
 296; Tuscaloosa, 258-259 
 Prisons, permit to visit, 411 
 Prisons, Prisoners, and the Ex¬ 
 change of Prisoners, House 
 Standing Committee on, 25 
 Pritchard, Benjamin D., 65 
 Privateers, 50, 63, 74, 340; 
 authorized, 338; commissions 
 issued to, 83; exchange, 234; 
 list, 338; muster rolls, 344; 
 officers, 340; Petrel , 123; 
 prisoners captured by, 401; 
 records re, 40 
 
 Privateersmen, 37; records re, 
 
 412 
 
 Prize cases, description, 40-41; 
 Fla., 45; La., 49; Md., 122; 
 N.Y., 122; Va., 56, 58 
 Prize commissioners, appoint¬ 
 ments, 40; N. C., 50; records, 
 
 41; Tex., 56 
 
 Prize money, payment, 98 
 Prize vessels, 46, 51, 54, 338; 
 admission into British and 
 French ports, 81; captured by 
 Confederate vessels, 40; cap¬ 
 tured by the Florida, 367; sale, 
 38, 41, 52 
 
 Probate courts, Ariz. Terr., 58, 
 59, 60 
 
 Proclamations, Presidential, 1, 
 
 338; in Library of Congress, 5, 
 
 7; preserved by State Dept., 74; 
 publication, 7, 68, 143 
 Procter, BenH., 390 
 Procurement, Army, 410; Engineer 
 Bur., 205; Navy : 347, 357, 374, 
 410, equipment, 365, supplies, 
 365, 366-367, 370; War Dept., 
 136 
 
 Produce loan, subscribers, 116, 
 
 125; subscriptions to, 115, 127, 
 
 129 
 
 Produce Loan agents, 116; Ala., 
 
 124, 125; appointments, 95, 115; 
 bonds, 94, 103; corresp., 116; 
 letters, 97; Miss., 95, 129; 
 Shreveport, 129 
 
 Produce Loan Office, Treasury 
 Department, 115-116; records, 92, 
 93, 116 
 
 Projectiles, 216, 221, 222; naval, 
 
 374, 375; procurement, 346 
 
 Propaganda, 88; despatches re, 78; 
 instructions re, 78 
 
 Propaganda agents, Canada, 73; 
 Europe, 72; letters from, 78-79; 
 papers, 88-89; Signal Bureau, 152 
 
 Property, accounts, 270, 284; 
 affidavits re loss of, 74; alien - 
 enemy : 117, Ala., 43, Ga., 47, 
 
 48, sales, 58, sequestration, 39, 
 
 S. C., 52, Tex., 54, 55, 56; 
 
 Army, 142, 159; captured and 
 abandoned, 93; claims, 61, 120, 
 
 336, 404, 411; engineer, 206, 207; 
 hospital: 191, 192, 199, con¬ 
 demned, 196, invoices, 201, re¬ 
 turns, 176, 193, 198; invoices, 405; 
 medical, 171, 191, 192, 193, 198; 
 ordnance, 215, 217; private : 84, 
 compensation, 29, 153, damages, 
 21, destruction by U. S. troops, 
 
 81, impressment, 154, seized by 
 soldiers, 112, war tax on, 116, 
 wartime losses, 39; public : 86, 
 customhouse, 104, purchased 
 from soldiers, 37; returns, 289, 
 405; sales, 39, 56; signal office 
 at Savannah, 286; surveys, 249; 
 transportation, 163; U.S. seized 
 in the South, 5 
 
 Property, House Special Committee 
 on Waste and Destruction of 
 Public, 26 
 
 Provisional Government, constitution 
 for, 2; organized, 9; seal, 8 
 
 Provisions, 228, 253; accounts, 188, 
 200, 201, 310; Army, 167, 170, 
 
 189; claims, 113; hospital, 176, 
 
 199, 200; issued to engineers, 206; 
 issued to Indians, 214; naval, 98, 
 347, 348, 355, 356, 359, 374, 
 
 382; prices, 198; returns, 158, 
 
 251, 264, 283, 286, 294, 410; 
 shipment, 79 
 
 Provisions and Clothing Office, 
 
INDEX 
 
 505 
 
 Navy Department, 337, 343, 
 347-348 
 
 Provost guards, 260; rolls, 145 
 Provost marshal general, Dept, of 
 Ala., Miss., and E. La., 264 
 Provost marshals. Charleston, 285; 
 Dept, of E. Tenn., 266; Dept, 
 of Henrico, 268; duties, 260; 
 employees, 159; Macon, 286; 
 occupied areas, 411; Richmond, 
 247, 281, 282; Trans-Miss. 
 
 Dept., 292; Union, 409, 411; 
 Western Dept., 300 
 Prudhomme, J. A., 294 
 Prussia, 90 
 
 Public Buildings, House Standing 
 Committee on, 25 
 Public Buildings, Senate Standing 
 Committee on, 20, 21 
 Public debt, 96; interest paid on, 
 
 98, 101 
 
 Public Defense, Joint Select Com¬ 
 mittee of the Two Houses of the 
 Confederate Congress on the 
 Means of, 19 
 
 Public Defense, Joint Special 
 Committee on the Means of, 16 
 Public Lands, House Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 25 
 
 Public Lands, Senate Standing 
 Committee on, 20 
 Public Lands, Standing Committee 
 on, 11 
 
 Public printer, letters to, 80; 
 manuscripts in hands of burned, 
 
 17 
 
 Public Printing Bureau, Justice 
 Department, 400, 403-404 
 Public welfare, Ariz. Terr., 59 
 Pulliam, R. P., 212 
 Purchasing agents, 251; Army, 
 153-154; England, 140; Little 
 Rock, 330; Tex., 289, 293; 
 
 War Dept., 134 
 Purves, John T., 164 
 Purvis, J. R., 330 
 Putnam, W. L., 340 
 Pyaemia, 172 
 Pye, Edward A., 298 
 Pyrites, 243 
 Pyrotechnics, 227 
 
 Quapaw Indians, accept court, 60; 
 
 agency records, 214; agent to, 
 
 213; flee to Kansas, 211; location, 
 210 
 
 Quartermaster agents, 100, 158, 
 
 159, 160, 211; Alexandria, La., 
 
 294; records re, 410 
 Quartermaster and Commissary 
 Departments, House Standing 
 Committee on, 25 
 
 Quartermaster General, 155; assigns 
 controlling quartermasters, 166; 
 contracts made by, 103, 247; 
 directed to care for prisoners of 
 war, 247; letters to, 161, 163, 
 
 173, 231, 251, 256; orders, 251 
 Quartermaster General’s Depart¬ 
 ment, War Department, 153-167, 
 409; corresp., 420; duties, 153; 
 inquiry into, 12; officers on duty 
 in, 157; records, 405, 414; 
 requests for funds, 138 
 Quartermaster General’s Office, 
 accounting officer, 164; clerks, 
 
 157; index to letters, 419; letters 
 to, 165; records, 155-167; supt. 
 of railroad transportation trans¬ 
 ferred to, 164 
 
 Quartermaster stores, 264, 271, 273, 
 299, 305; invoices, 156; returns, 
 158, 193, 270, 293 
 Quartermaster supplies, lists, 276; 
 procured by the Trans-Miss. 
 
 Dept., 289; requisitions, 335 
 Quartermasters, 260; accounts, 92, 
 93, 158-159, 161, 305, 306, 307, 
 
 331, 413; appointments, 145, 147, 
 153, 156, 157; arrange transporta¬ 
 tion, 164; authorized to impress 
 supplies, 154; bonds, 103, 112; 
 collect tax in kind, 117, 166; con¬ 
 tracts, 103; corresp., 165; duties, 
 156, 157, 161; employees, 159; 
 fail to render accounts, 100; Fla., 
 320; funds for, 139; letters sent, 
 156, 163, 213, 228, 251; letters to, 
 156, 161, 163, 164, 165, 219, 220, 
 223, 227, 228, 230, 231, 251, 292; 
 lists, 261; Marine Corps, 351, 352; 
 provide field transportation, 162; 
 records, 318 
 
 Quartermasters, serve at : Atlanta, 
 286, Charleston, 284, 335, 
 Columbia, 285, Columbus, 286, 
 
506 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Danville, 272, Fort Macon, 272, 
 Fort Smith, 295, Giles Court¬ 
 house, 267, Liberty, Va., 326, 
 Mobile, 267, 268, Monroe, La., 
 294, Montgomery, 258, 
 Natchitoches, 298, New Bern, 
 272, Norfolk, 276, Quincy, 333, 
 Richmond, 256, Rome, 286, 320, 
 Salisbury, 258, 271, 272, 
 
 Saltillo, Miss., 320, San An¬ 
 tonio, 289, Shreveport, 294, 
 Tunnel Hill, 320; serve with : 
 Army of N. Va., 273, 276, 
 
 Army of the Peninsula, 280, 
 
 Army of the Potomac, 280, 
 
 Army of Tenn., 288, Army of 
 the West, 299, Baldwin’s bri¬ 
 gade, 331, Dept, of Ala., Miss., 
 and E. La., 264, Dept, of Hen¬ 
 rico, 268, Dept, of Miss, and 
 E. La., 263, Dept. ofS.C., 
 
 Ga., and Fla., 335, Dept, of 
 Tex., 297, Miss. Vols., 331, 
 
 Mo. Brigade, 288, N. C., Inf., 
 319, 324, 333, Sears' brigade, 
 331, Tenn., Inf., 331, Tex., 
 
 Inf., 317, Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 291, 293, 294, Va., Cavalry, 
 
 276, Va., Inf., 311, 312; soldiers’ 
 money effects, 112; telegrams to, 
 163; transportation orders, 410 
 Quartermaster’s Bureau, Trans- 
 Mississippi Department, 290 
 Quartermaster’s Division, Second 
 Auditor’s Office, 111 
 Quarters, commutation, 206 
 Quayle, William, 330 
 Quebec, Canada, Dawson visits, 74 
 Quebec Province, Holcombe in, 73 
 Queen Victoria, 89 
 Queenstown, Ireland, 72, 78, 83, 
 
 89 
 
 Quiberon, France, 372 
 Quiberon Bay, 371 
 Quincy, Fla., chief commissary at, 
 168; depositary, 126; medical 
 purveyor, 178; post quartermas¬ 
 ter, 333 
 
 Quinn, Charles W,, 370, 371 
 Quintard, Charles T., 289 
 Quintero, Juan A., 73, 77, 78 
 
 R. E. Lee, blockade-runner, 372 
 
 Rahm, A. H., 205 
 Raht, Julius E., 246 
 Railheads, 115 
 
 Railroad Bureau, Quartermaster 
 General’s Office, 164; letters to, 
 231 
 
 Railroad Transportation Superin¬ 
 tendent, letters to, 173 
 Railroads, accounts, 110, 158, 165; 
 agents, 220; carry mail, 393; 
 cars, 164; cordage supplied to, 
 
 382; employees, 238, 411; frauds 
 on, 27; Govt, regulation, 164; 
 guards on, 260; iron, 131, 209, 
 
 210; letters sent, 228; letters to, 
 102, 109, 137, 156, 165, 227, 231, 
 232, 390, 393, 396; mail agents, 
 392; mail cars, 391; mail con¬ 
 tracts, 393; maps, 208, 336; 
 names, 166; ordnance stores 
 shipped on, 220; payments to by 
 Govt., 98, 110; rates, 164; re¬ 
 building, 165; receipts, 171; 
 records re, 166, 410; repairs, 204; 
 rolling stock, 164-165; route sur¬ 
 veys, 204; stock, 47; supplies, 164; 
 telegrams to, 97; track laying, 160; 
 use by the Army, 160; Va., 208; 
 vouchers, 93; way hospitals on 
 routes of, 180; waybills, 350 
 Rains, Gabriel J., 237, 347, 351 
 Rains, George W., 221, 226, 243, 
 
 385 
 
 Raleigh, N. C., commandant of con¬ 
 scripts, 242; general hospitals, 
 177, 187, 188, 272; interest 
 payments at, 107; locomotive 
 shop at, 164; medical director 
 of hospitals, 172; navy recruit¬ 
 ing station, 343; quartermas¬ 
 ter depot, 154; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 153; 
 
 War Dept, records removed to, 
 
 135 
 
 Raleigh, C.S.S., 354, 356, 357, 
 
 387 
 
 Ralls, John P., 26 
 
 Ramsay, Henry Ashton, 340, 355, 
 
 375 
 
 Ramsdell, Charles W., 6 
 Ramseur, Stephen Dodson, 276 
 Ramsey, Frank A., 172 
 Ramsey, James G., 34, 52 
 
INDEX 
 
 507 
 
 Ramsey, James G, M., 132, 133 
 Ramsey, Joseph, 130 
 Ramsour, Darius F., 50 
 Randall, James R., 357 
 Randolph, E. G., 294 
 Randolph, George W., 134, 139, 
 
 234 
 
 Randolph, Victor M., 340, 360, 
 377, 382 
 
 Randolph, William M., 44 
 Randolph Rangers, 305 
 Randolph’s Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 201 
 
 Rangers. See Partisan rangers 
 Ransom, Robert, Jr., 281, 418 
 Ransom, Thomas D., 418 
 Rapier, John L., 353 
 Rappahannock, C.S.S., 88, 365, 
 367, 368, 371 
 
 Rappahannock River, defenses, 
 
 328; naval battery on, 364 
 Rations, 207, 268; commutation of, 
 159, 167; navy, 359 
 Rawlins, John A., 75 
 Read, Charles W., 368 
 Read, Edmund G., 367 
 Read, Henry E., 29 
 Read, Isaac, 244 
 Read, John B., 403 
 Read, Keith M., 85, 359 
 Reagan, John H., accompanies the 
 President, 64; attends railroad 
 convention, 393; Congressman, 
 10, 34; letters sent, 83, 398; 
 memoirs, 69, 388; papers, 390; 
 Postmaster General, 389; 
 Secretary of the Treasury, 94 
 Reagan, Morris R., 398-399 
 Reagan, William R., 54 
 Real estate, war tax on, 116 
 Reams’Station, Va., 256 
 Receivers. See Sequestration 
 receivers 
 
 Receiving ships, 343; Charleston, 
 375; New Orleans, 379; Norfolk 
 Navy Yard, 380 
 
 Reception Office, Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General’s Office, 140 
 Recollections, naval officers, 340 
 Reconnaissances, 204, 205, 336; 
 maps, 208 
 
 Recruiting, Army : 139, 159, in 
 Europe, 79, letters re, 136, 
 
 officers, 93, 145, 243; in Ireland, 
 73; Navy : 337, 370, 381, records, 
 344, stations, 343, 345, 349; 
 volunteers, 301 
 
 Recruiting Service, Adjutant and 
 Inspector General’s Office, 141, 
 
 142 
 
 Recruits, 412; naval, 344 
 Rector, Elias, 212, 213 
 Red River, 297; campaign, 
 
 334; Indians north of, 
 
 210; naval protection, 386; 
 Reserve Indians near, 212; 
 valley, 211 
 
 Red River Landing, La., 250 
 Red River Squadron, 362-363, 386, 
 387 
 
 Refugees, 411, 412; vote for Repre¬ 
 sentatives, 15 
 
 Regiments, 146; comdrs., 150; 
 
 Indian tribes, 302; legislation for, 
 301; officers, 147, 409; publica¬ 
 tions, 146, 303; quartermasters, 
 157; records, 303; returns, 145, 
 150; rosters of officers, 147-148; 
 surgeons assigned to, 172. See 
 also Artillery regiments. Cavalry 
 regiments. Infantry regiments 
 Register Division, Third Auditor’s 
 Office, 113 
 
 Register of the Treasury, 102; 
 duties, 104; letters sent, 126; 
 lists of employees, 107; records, 
 92, 106-108; supervises Produce 
 Loan Office, 115 
 
 Registers of vessels, blockade-run¬ 
 ners, 373; British, 369; cruisers, 
 369; Galveston, 133; Mobile, 124; 
 New Orleans, 128; Savannah, 126 
 Regulations, Army, 142; Commr. of 
 Taxes, 117; Comptroller’s Office, 
 102; hospital, 193, 194; Indian 
 affairs, 213; Medical Dept., 170, 
 180; Ordnance Dept., 216; Quar¬ 
 termaster General’s Dept., 
 
 155, 157; Subsistence Dept., 168; 
 Treasury Note Bur., 120 
 Reid, Charles H., & Co., 216 
 Reid, John, 294, 299, 330 
 Reid & Shorter, 80 
 Reily, James, 74 
 Relics, 62 
 
 Reminiscences, Thompson, 333 
 
508 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Reporters, 18; admission to Con¬ 
 gress, 10, 19; interviewed by 
 Senators, 22 
 
 Reporters Admitted to Seats in the 
 Senate, Special Committee To 
 Inquire into the Rights and Duties 
 of, 22 
 
 Representatives, compensation, 
 
 15; duties, 31; election, 14; let¬ 
 ters to, 32, 66; list, 14; papers, 
 33-35; roster, 146. See also 
 Congress, Congressmen 
 Requests for funds, 138-139; War 
 Dept., 138, 150 
 Requier, A. J., 42 
 Requisitions for funds, 83, 92, 
 
 104; Army, 111; Commr. of 
 Taxes, 118; executive depts., 95- 
 96, 102; Medical Dept., 171; 
 
 Navy Dept., 96; Pensacola Navy 
 Yard, 382; Post Office Dept., 
 
 390; Quartermaster General’s 
 Dept., 156, 158; War Dept., 140 
 Reserve Corps, 192 
 Reserve forces, authorized, 237, 
 302; decisions re conscription, 
 
 41; generals, 237, 240; Ga., 305; 
 Miss., 307; North Carolina, 
 
 309, 321-322; officers, 148; 
 organizations, 145; records re, 
 406; Richmond, 113;S.C., 310; 
 Va., 241, 243, 311, 312 
 Reserve Indians, 212 
 Resolute, C.S.S., 110, 358, 359 
 Revenue, collection, 94, 102, 104; 
 delinquencies of officers, 102; 
 laws, 37; postal, 394 
 Revenue cutters, 123; disposition, 
 94, 95, 102; logbooks, 104; 
 officers, 344; operations, 104; 
 records re, 410 
 Revolvers, 216, 403 
 Reynolds, Alexander W., 330 
 Reynolds, Thomas C., 61 
 Rhett, Robert B., Sr., 2, 3, 10, 
 
 34 
 
 Rhett, Thomas S., 215 
 Rhodes, John H., 45 
 Rhodes, Rufus R., 402 
 Rhorer, M. M., 129 
 Rice, 246 
 
 Rice University, 69 
 Richardson, John S., 285 
 
 Richey, Samuel, 67, 323 
 Richmond, W. B., 288 
 Richmond, Ky., 250 
 Richmond, Va., 165, 217; appoint¬ 
 ments in, 82; arms manufacture 
 in, 28; Army paymaster, 161; 
 artillery defenses, 282; asst, 
 quartermaster at, 158; Blair 
 visits, 70; board of loan commrs. 
 at, 105; British consul, 84; 
 Bromwell returns to, 75; burials 
 at, 248; businessmen, 118; Capital 
 moved to, 62; chief commissary 
 at, 168; civilian prisoners held 
 in, 250; collecting records in, 255; 
 commissary depot, 168; commis¬ 
 sary officer in, 170; commissary 
 store, 207; conditions in, 69; 
 Conscript Office, 150, 243; cor¬ 
 porations, 118; defense brigade, 
 
 63; defenses, 208, 270, 281, 401; 
 depositary, 133; disbursements in, 
 101; district court seat, 56, 57, 58; 
 division hdqrs. in, 313; Engineer 
 Bur. workshop, 205; Engineer 
 officer, 332; engineer warehouse, 
 206; enrolling officer, 240, 241; 
 evacuation, 64, 139, 342, 413; 
 events in, 69; exchange of pris¬ 
 oners from, 234; executive man¬ 
 sion, 62; explosion on Brown’s 
 Island, 227; field transportation 
 hdqrs., 162; fires, 58, 152, 165, 
 170, 413; French consul in, 32, 
 
 84, 85; Grave’s Navy Yard, 383; 
 Great Seal removed from, 8; 
 hardware made in, 205; House of 
 Representatives meets in, 23; 
 industries, 63; Inspector General 
 of Field Transportation at, 162; 
 inspector of field transportation 
 at, 163; inspector of hospitals at, 
 172; interest payments at, 107; 
 life in, 247; Lubbock reaches, 63; 
 martial law in, 260; Maury at, 371; 
 meatpacking plant, 167; medical 
 depot, 178; medical director, 170, 
 172, 173, 175; medical purveyor, 
 179; Mercier visits, 84; military 
 hospitals, 11, 26, 81, 170, 195- 
 203, 205; military organizations 
 around, 281; military prison hos¬ 
 pitals, 250; military prisons, 173, 
 
INDEX 
 
 509 
 
 247, 250, 253, 254-257, 258, 
 
 268; naval clothing factory, 348; 
 naval constructor, 350; naval 
 hospital, 349; naval recruiting 
 station, 343; Navy paymaster at, 
 110; newspapers, 6; officers in : 
 Bragg, 315, Ewell, 323, Lee, 
 259, 313, Norris, 152, Smith, 
 
 331, Wise, 336; officials and the 
 transportation of wounded men, 
 
 11; ordnance establishments, 26; 
 passes issued in, 282; pharma¬ 
 ceutical laboratory, 178; politi¬ 
 cal activities in, 402; post 
 comdr., 173; post office, 399; 
 postmaster, 390; printing 
 in, 5, 144; Produce Loan agent, 
 115; Produce Loan Office, 115; 
 protection of routes to, 364; 
 provost marshal, 247; quarter¬ 
 master, 256; quartermaster de¬ 
 pot, 153, 154; quartermaster 
 purchasing officer, 153; records 
 destroyed in : Army Intelligence 
 Office, 233, Congress, 17, 
 
 Indian Affairs Bur., 212, Marine 
 Corps, 352, Navy Dept., 338, 
 Railroad Bur., 165, Signal Bur., 
 152, Subsistence Dept., 169, 
 Surgeon General’s Office, 170; 
 records forwarded to, 155; 
 records removed from: Con¬ 
 gress, 17, Conscription Bur., 
 238, Engineer Bur., 206, Justice 
 Dept., 400, Navy Dept., 338, 
 
 Pay Bur., 161, State Dept., 75, 
 Treasury Dept., 92, War Dept., 
 135-136; sales tax registers, 118; 
 Schockoe Foundry, 347; sheet 
 copper shipped to, 244; shipyard, 
 349; Slave Claims Board meets 
 in, 155; Southern Historical 
 Society moved to, 3; State Capi¬ 
 tol, 19, 23, 32; Stephens returns 
 to, 70; surgeon in, 277; surren¬ 
 der, 67; tax returns, 118; tele¬ 
 graph office, 397; tobacco fac¬ 
 tories, 254, 255, 256; trans¬ 
 portation officer, 173; Treasury 
 Note Bur., 119; Treasury notes 
 taken to, 119; troop arrivals and 
 departures, 148; U. S. custom¬ 
 house, 62; U.S. vessels fail to 
 
 reach, 351; visitors to, 282 
 Richmond, C.S.S., 342, 354, 356, 
 371, 380, 383 
 
 Richmond Ambulance Committee, 
 
 178 
 
 Richmond and Danville Railroad, 64, 
 413 
 
 Richmond Armory, Va., 219, 230; 
 gunstocks for, 224; harness shops, 
 222; letters to supt., 217 
 Richmond Arsenal, Va., 219, 230- 
 231; letters to comdr., 231 
 Richmond Bar, 206 
 Richmond College Hospital, 202 
 Richmond Enquirer , 18, 22 
 Richmond Examiner , 18; corruption 
 charge made in, 28 
 Richmond Howitzers, 301, 311, 312 
 Richmond Light Infantry Blues, 301 
 Richmond Naval Ordnance Works, 
 
 Va., 345, 383 
 
 Richmond Naval Stations, Va., 344 
 Richmond Navy Yard, Va., 347, 
 
 383; Chief Constructor at, 350; 
 letters to comdr., 355; marine 
 guard, 352 
 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg, and 
 Potomac Railroad, 364 
 Riddell, John L., 399 
 Riddick, W. L., 241 
 Rieken, Charles, 73, 79, 90 
 Riely, John W., 140 
 Rifle-muskets, 230 
 Rifle regiments, South Carolina: 
 
 1st, 310 
 
 Rifles, 216, 219, 223, 224; British 
 Enfield, 219; carbines, 224, 230, 
 233 
 
 Riggs, Joel, 105 
 Ringo, Daniel, 44 
 Rio Grande, 297 
 Ripley, Edward H., 256 
 Ripley, Roswell S., 285, 418 
 Ritter, William S., 418 
 Rivers, 336; barriers, 204; im¬ 
 provements, 15; naval batteries 
 on, 364; obstructions in, 340, 
 
 354, 410 
 
 Rives, Alfred L., 205, 207 
 Rives, George C., 294 
 Rives, William C., 24, 30, 34, 189 
 Roads, 336; Ariz. Terr., 59; con¬ 
 structing, 204; Va., 208 
 
510 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Roane, Archibald, 115 
 Roanoke , C.S.S., 345, 354, 370 
 Roanoke Island, 270, 356; captured 
 by U. S., 50; House Special 
 Committee To Inquire into the 
 Causes of the Capitulation, 26 
 Roanoke River, 356, 376 
 Robb, Robert G., 355, 383 
 Robbins, W. S., 374, 379 
 Robert McClelland, revenue cutter, 
 123 
 
 Roberts, Oran M., 330 
 Robertson, George, Jr., 286 
 Robertson, James W., 108, 109 
 Robertson, Jerome B., 151, 279, 
 303 
 
 Robertson, Wynham, 105 
 Robertson Hospital, Richmond, 
 
 Va., 203 
 
 Robinson, JohnM., 165, 205 
 Robinson, S.C,, Arms Manufac¬ 
 tory, 230 
 
 Rochelle, James H., 355, 358 
 Rochester University Library, 
 Stephens papers, 71 
 Rock Hotel Hospital, Little Rock, 
 Ark., 182 
 
 Rockbridge County, Va., tax in 
 kind book, 167 
 Rockets, 220 
 Rockett, Robert, 383 
 Rocketts, Richmond, Va., 255 
 Rocketts Navy Yard, 383 
 Rockingham Bank, Harrisonburg, 
 Va., 133 
 
 Rockingham County, Va., 57; 
 
 enrolling officer, 242 
 Rodes, Robert E., 273, 275 
 Roessler, A. R., 297 
 Rogers, S. St. George, 30, 240 
 Rogers, Sion H., 330 
 Roll of honor, 140, 141, 143, 309 
 Rolling mills, 216, 243 
 Rolls, extra-duty men, 142 
 Roman, Alfred, 285, 330 
 Roman, Andr^ B., 86 
 Roman Catholic Diocese, Charles¬ 
 ton, S.C., 88 
 Romancoke, Va., 349 
 Rome, Ga., 286; quartermaster, 
 320 
 
 Rome, Italy, A. D. Mann to, 72 
 Romney, Va., hospital, 203 
 
 Rooke, John B., 383 
 Roosevelt, Theodore, 366 
 Rootes, Thomas T., 349 
 Roots, 178 
 Rope, 205, 293 
 Ropewalk, 343 
 Rose, Charles A., 94 
 Rosenberg Library, Galveston, Tex. 
 56, 316 
 
 Ross, Frank A., 177 
 Ross, John, 211, 214 
 Ross, Lawrences., 330, 418 
 Ross, Thomas L., 46 
 Ross, W. H., 255 
 Ross Hospital, Mobile, Ala., 
 patients, 177, 181 
 
 Rosser, Thomas L., 276, 278, 279 
 Rost, Pierre A., 72, 75, 77, 78, 
 
 87, 88 
 
 Rousseau, Lawrence, 343, 362, 379 
 Rowland, Dunbar, 66 
 Roy, John, 379, 380, 386 
 Roy, T. B., 418 
 
 Royal Academy of History, Madrid, 
 Spain, 88 
 
 Royal Yacht , C.S.S., 363 
 Royster, J. B. & A. L., Richmond, 
 Va., 255 
 
 Ruffin, Frank G., 19, 167, 173 
 Ruggles, Daniel, 247, 249, 330, 418 
 Ruggles, Edward S., 340 
 Rules, Committee on, 11; House 
 Committee on, 24; Joint Commit¬ 
 tee on, 15 
 
 Rules and Officers of the House, 
 House Standing Committee on, 25 
 Rushing, J. C., 54 
 Russell, Charles W., 25, 31 
 Russell, Daniel L., 151 
 Russell, Lord John, 87, 340, 371 
 Russia, 72; commr. to, 78 
 Rutherford, A. H., 44 
 Rutherford, John, 105 
 Rutherford, Samuel H., 212 
 Ryan, Edmund E., 252 
 Ryan, J. J., 52 
 Ryder, William H., 32 
 Ryder Collection of Confederate 
 Archives, 32, 101, 257, 396 
 
 Sabine, Tex., cotton exports, 104; 
 
 customs collector, 133 
 Sabres, 216 
 
INDEX 
 
 511 
 
 Saddles, 216, 221, 222 
 Saffold Navy Yard, Ga., 383-384 
 Sage, B. J., 340, 342 
 St. Albans, Vt., 73, 90 
 St. Augustine, Fla., district court 
 terms, 45 
 
 St. Francis de Sales Hospital, 
 Richmond, Va., 203 
 St. Francis Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 203 
 
 Saint George, Bermuda, commer¬ 
 cial agent at, 74; departures of 
 vessels, 373; steamship service, 
 216; supplies transferred at, 
 
 134; Walker's despatches from, 
 79 
 
 St. Jago de Cuba, U.S.S., 83 
 St. John, Isaac M., 168, 209, 227, 
 244, 347 
 
 St. Joseph, La., sequestration 
 receiver at, 49 
 St. Lawrence , U. S.S., 123 
 St. Marks, Fla., blockade, 83; 
 cotton exports, 104; customs 
 collector, 126; marine hospital, 
 123; shipping, 83 
 
 St. Marks Naval Station, Fla., 384 
 St. Martin, Jules, 400 
 St. Mary’s Hospital, Dalton, Ga., 
 184 
 
 St. Mary’s Hospital, West Point, 
 Miss., 186 
 
 St. Nicholas, C.S.S., 354 
 St. Philip, C.S.S., 349, 379, 380 
 Sales, alien-enemy property, 39, 
 40, 47, 56, 98; court, 38; prize 
 vessels, 41, 52; property, 56; 
 sequestered property, 40, 47, 
 
 52 
 
 Salisbury, N. C., distillery, 178; 
 district court sessions, 50; 
 military prison, 249, 250, 257- 
 258; prison hospital, 188; pris¬ 
 oners transferred to, 255; 
 quartermaster, 271, 272 
 Salisbury Arsenal, N.C., 231-232 
 Salt, 167, 168; House Special Com¬ 
 mittee on the Manufacture of, 
 
 28 
 
 Saltillo, Miss., quartermaster, 
 
 320 
 
 Saltpeter, 378; manufacture, 245; 
 production, 215; refinery, 220 
 
 Saltville, Va., 167 
 Saluria, Tex., cotton exports, 104 
 Sampson, Henry 115 
 Sampson, C.S.S., 110, 358, 360 
 San Antonio, Tex., commissary de¬ 
 pot, 168; depositary, 133; Foreign 
 Supply Office agent, 121; medical 
 depot, 178; military commission, 
 298; niter and mining dist. hdqrs., 
 244; quartermaster, 289; quarter¬ 
 master depot, 153, 154, 289; 
 quartermaster purchasing officer, 
 154 
 
 San Antonio Arsenal, Tex., 218, 290 
 San Francisco College for Women, 
 323 
 
 San Jacinto Museum of History Asso¬ 
 ciation, Lubbock papers, 69 
 Sanders, George N., '73, 88, 340 
 Sanders, Joseph H., 331 
 Sands, J. H., 281 
 Sanford, Thaddeus, 125, 377 
 Santa Fe, N. Mex., occupied by 
 Sibley, 296 
 
 Santa Rosa Island, Fla., 382 
 
 Sanxay, R. S., 205 
 
 Sappers and Miners, records re, 
 
 207, 409; rolls, 145 
 Sauk and Fox Indians, agency re¬ 
 cords, 214 
 
 Savannah, Ga., 165, 252; Anderson 
 at, 286; Army hdqrs., 359, 360; 
 Army officers at, 358; Bank of 
 Commerce, 116; blockade, 83; 
 blockade-runners enter, 372; 
 British consul, 84, 85; chief 
 commissary at, 168; coal to be 
 delivered at, 348; commissary, 
 286; cotton exports, 104; customs 
 collector, 127; defenses, 284; 
 depositary, 126, 127, 396; dis¬ 
 trict court seat, 46; evacuation, 
 232; French agent, 84; General 
 Hospital No. 1, 185; interest pay¬ 
 ments at, 107; marine barracks, 
 360; medical depot, 178; medical 
 purveyor, 179; meetings of vol¬ 
 unteers, 305; military prison, 
 
 250, 258; naval clothing factory, 
 348; naval hospital, 349, 360; 
 naval storehouse, 347; naval 
 storekeeper, 360; navy paymas¬ 
 ter, 110, 359, 360; navy 
 
512 
 
 INDEX 
 
 recruiting station, 343; occupied 
 by U.S. forces, 258; ordnance 
 laboratory moved to Macon, 226; 
 prisoners moved to, 250, 254; 
 quartermaster depot, 153, 154; 
 railroad transportation officer 
 at, 165; ship construction, 376; 
 ship registries, 126; shipments 
 to, 374; shipping, 83; signal 
 officer, 286 
 
 Savannah, C.S.S., 110, 358, 359, 
 360, 371 
 
 Savannah Arsenal, Ga., 232 
 Savannah Harbor, Ga., torpedo¬ 
 laying, 360 
 
 Savannah Naval Station, Ga., 340, 
 344, 347, 375, 384; comman¬ 
 dants’ letters sent, 359; Graves 
 serves at, 353; letters sent, 
 
 232; marine guard, 352 
 Savannah River, seal dropped into, 
 8 
 
 Savannah River Squadron, 340, 
 358-360; Firefly attached to, 
 
 123; formation, 384; Graves 
 serves with, 353 
 Sayre, P. Tucker, 43 
 Scales, Dabney M., 360 
 Scarburgh, George P., 61 
 Scharf, John Thomas, 339, 387 
 Schenck, David 50 
 Schenectady County Historical 
 Society, 178, 285 
 Schockoe Foundry, Richmond, 
 
 Va., 347 
 
 Schofield, John M., 135, 140 
 Schooners, claims re, 84 
 Schwarzman, G. A., 391 
 Science, naval, records, 341 
 Scientists, 243, 244, 245; records 
 re, 410 
 
 Scorpion, C.S.S., 383 
 Scott, Andrew G., 331 
 Scott, C. C., 418 
 Scott, H. C., 202 
 Scott, John, 115, 124 
 Scott, L. M., 50 
 Scott, P. B., 173 
 Scott, Robert N., 238, 420 
 Scott, Sutton S., 211, 213 
 Scott, William L., 331 
 Scott County, Va., enrolling offi¬ 
 cer, 243 
 
 Scott’s Prison, Richmond, Va., 255 
 Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Li¬ 
 brary of the Supreme Council, 
 
 Pike papers, 215 
 Scouts, rolls, 145 
 Scurry, William R., 289 
 Sea Bird, C.S.S., 356 
 Seaboard, 206 
 Seals, Daniel M., 43 
 Seals, Provisional Government, 8. 
 
 See also Great Seal 
 Seamen, allotments, 109; salaries, 
 
 98 
 
 Seaports, naval batteries at, 364; 
 
 naval defense of, 354 
 Sears, Claudius W., 331 
 Seas, 10 
 
 Seat of Government, Special Com¬ 
 mittee on the Removal of the, 12 
 Secession, adopted by Southern 
 States, 1; conventions, 5; N. Mex. 
 Terr., 58; records, 5 
 Secessionists, 411 
 Secessionville, S. C., 305 
 Second North Carolina Hospital, 
 Columbia, S. C., 189 
 Secret service. Army, 139; expendi¬ 
 tures in London, 89; fund, 63; 
 
 State Dept., 83 
 Secretary of Congress, 12 
 Secretary of the Navy, 337; appoint¬ 
 ments by, 110; authorized to em¬ 
 ploy pilots, 343; contracts, 103; 
 corresp., 357, 366; letters sent, 
 83; order re Owl , 372; orders 
 destruction of records, 352; 
 orders to Hunter, 363. See also 
 Mallory, Stephen R., and Navy 
 Department 
 
 Secretary of the Provisional Con¬ 
 gress, 6 
 
 Secretary of State, 74; compensation 
 of, 83; corresp., 32, 77, 99; 
 letters sent, 86, 87, 88; letters 
 to, 78, 85, 87, 88, 390; preserves 
 laws and resolutions, 5; records 
 deposited with, 12, 86; report, 18. 
 See also State Department and 
 names of secretaries 
 Secretary of the Treasury, 94; 
 appointments, 105, 115; appropri¬ 
 ation warrants, 96; corresp., 95, 
 99, 114, 116, 340; letters sent, 82, 
 
INDEX 
 
 513 
 
 83, 100, 102, 107, 121, 390; 
 letters to, 79, 83, 90, 98, 101, 
 102, 106, 117, 127, 139, 141, 206, 
 342, 390;records, 93-100;reports 
 to, 113; superintendents of Treas¬ 
 ury note printing, 118. See also 
 Treasury Department and names 
 of secretaries 
 
 Secretary of War, 134; authorized 
 to employ slaves, 155; corresp., 
 81, 85, 136, 157, 169; duties, 
 
 136; interest of in preserving 
 records, 135; interpretation of 
 conscription law, 41; letters 
 sent, 17, 139, 156, 361; letters 
 to, 137-138, 156, 163, 173, 206, 
 218, 236, 342, 390; papers, 139; 
 recommends a Pay Dept., 161; 
 records, 135-139, 235, 405, 415; 
 reports, 135, 137, 420; request 
 to for funds, 150; telegrams to, 
 138; to instruct Indian agents, 
 
 213; transfers function of issuing 
 passports, 268. See also War 
 Department and names of 
 Secretaries 
 
 Securities, war tax on, 116 
 Seddon, James A., 134; letters to, 
 239; papers, 139 
 Sehon, John L., 53 
 Seizures, House Special Committee 
 on Illegal, 27 
 Selby, Benjamin M., 50 
 Selfridge, Thomas O., 8, 75 
 Selma, Ala., arsenal moved to, 
 
 223, 229; Asst. Treasurer at, 
 
 122, 128; captured by U. S., 385; 
 coal transported to, 385; com¬ 
 missary depot, 168; estimates of 
 tax in kind, 167; Far rand at, 
 
 378; field transportation hdqrs., 
 162; naval constructor, 350; 
 
 Naval Ordnance Works, 221; 
 niter and mining: div. hdqrs., 
 244, supt., 246; ordnance offi¬ 
 cer, 325; ordnance received at, 
 217, ship construction, 385; 
 surgeon, 332 
 
 Selma , C.S.S., 360. See also 
 Florida 
 
 Selma Arsenal, Ala., 217, 232 
 Selma Gun Foundry and Ordnance 
 Works, Ala., 340, 345, 384-386 
 
 Selma Naval Station, Ala., 343, 345, 
 361, 385, 386; payrolls, 110 
 Seminary Hospital, Williamsburg, 
 
 Va., 203, 204 
 
 Seminole Indians, accept court, 60; 
 agent to, 212; delegate in Con¬ 
 gress, 24; location, 210; military 
 organizations, 302; records, 214; 
 supplies issued to, 215 
 Semmes, B. J., 288 
 Semmes, Paul J., 418 
 Semmes, Raphael, 83, 87, 90, 114, 
 340, 354, 355, 367, 368, 369, 
 
 371 
 
 Semmes, Thomas J., 22, 23, 35 
 Semple, Henry C., 331 
 Semple, James A., 110, 348 
 Senac, Felix, 367 
 
 Senate, admission of members, 23; 
 amendments to House bills, 18; 
 applications for appointments, 17; 
 approves appointments, 63; bill, 
 
 18, 21, 22, 23, 29; committees, 
 
 23; debates, 22; employees, 23; 
 executive nominations, 19, 23; 
 fails to confirm Lamar, 78; 
 journal, 15, 19, 23; meeting 
 place, 19; messages to House, 17, 
 32; officers, 23; presiding officer, 
 19; published documents, 18, 23; 
 records, 23; reports, 21, 22, 23; 
 resolutions, 21, 22, 23; rules, 19; 
 select committees, 21-23; Special 
 Committee To Inquire into the 
 Recent Violation of the Dignity of 
 the, 21; special committees, 21-23; 
 standing committees, 20-21 
 Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, 
 letters to, 342; recommendation 
 to re Chief Constructor, 350 
 Senate Debates, Special Committee 
 To Investigate the Expediency of 
 Providing for Reports on the, 22 
 Senators, appointed, 23; classifica¬ 
 tion voted on, 19; elected by State 
 legislatures, 14; letters to, 66, 
 
 67; list, 14; number, 19; papers, 
 33-35; roster, 146 
 Seneca Indians, accept court, 60; 
 agent to, 213; flee to Kansas, 211; 
 location, 210 
 Senn, R. D., 253 
 
 Sequestration, alien-enemy property. 
 
514 
 
 INDEX 
 
 39; commercial credits, 117; 
 disposition of funds arising from, 
 
 39, 61. See also Alien enemies. 
 Property 
 
 Sequestration Act, enforcement, 
 401; House Special Committee on 
 the Senate Bill Amending the, 
 
 27 
 
 Sequestration cases, 39, 40; Ala., 
 42, 43; Fla., 44, 45, 46; Ga., 
 
 46, 47, 48; La., 48, 49; N.C., 
 50, 51;S.C., 52; Tenn., 53; 
 
 Tex., 54, 55; Va., 56, 57 
 
 Sequestration receivers, accounts, 
 
 40, 47, 52, 54, 55, 105, 107; 
 appointments: Ala., 42, 43, 
 
 Ark., 44, Fla., 45, Ga., 46, 
 
 47, La., 48-49, Miss., 49, 
 
 N. C., 50, S. C., 51, 52, Tex., 
 53, 54, 56, Tenn., 53, Va., 57; 
 duties, 39; letters sent, 95; 
 letters to, 106, 117; petitions, 
 
 40; records, 40 
 Services, prices, 143 
 Sessions, J. F., 331 
 Sessions, Joseph F., 331 
 Settle, Thomas L., 331 
 Seven Pines, Va., 323, 331 
 Seward, William H., 70, 75, 86, 
 139, 370 
 
 Sewell’s Point, Va., 364, 365, 371 
 Sexton, Franklin B., 25, 26, 31, 
 
 35, 398 
 
 Seymour, Dewitt C., 110, 359, 384 
 Seymour, Lucius S., 358 
 Shackelford, W. W., 346 
 Shaffner, JohnF., 277, 279 
 Shall, David F., 121 
 Sharp, Thomas R., 164 
 Sharp, William, 377 
 Sharpshooters, authorized, 302; 
 battalions, 148 
 
 Shawnee Indians, accept court, 60; 
 agency records, 214; capture 
 records, 213; flee to Kansas, 
 
 211; location, 210 
 Shea, George, 67 
 Sheeran, James B., 277 
 Sheffield City Libraries, Sheffield, 
 England, 87 
 
 Shelby, Joseph G., 295 
 Shelby Iron Works, 218, 246, 346, 
 347 
 
 Shelby Springs, Ala., General Hos¬ 
 pital, 182 
 
 Sheldon, H. H., 153 
 
 Shells, 218, 227, 231; navy, 345, 
 
 347, 380 
 
 Shenandoah, C.S. S., 365, 369, 370, 
 371, 372 
 
 Shenandoah Valley, 254; Jackson 
 comdr. in, 322; maps of, 278 
 Shepperd, Francis E., 380 
 Sherman, William T., 64, 119, 219, 
 222, 223, 250, 252, 356, 384, 
 
 401 
 
 Sherman, Tex., 215 
 Shields, James W., 57 
 Shields, JohnC., 241, 242 
 Shiloh, Tenn., 269, 270; battlefield 
 map, 209; campaign, 330 
 Ship Island, Miss., 340, 364 
 Shipbuilders, 132; contracts with, 
 
 365; corresp., 366; letters, 377 
 Shipowners, relief, 410 
 Shipping, Bermuda, 83; Charleston 
 harbor, 130-131; Nassau, N. P., 
 
 83 
 
 Shipping articles, 344, 362, 410 
 Ships, arrival in British ports, 87; 
 Ships, British, 85, 369; construc¬ 
 tion, 99; crew lists, 104; docu¬ 
 ments, 410; enemy, 98; person¬ 
 nel, 412. See also Naval vessels. 
 Prize vessels. Registers, Reve¬ 
 nue cutters, Steamboats 
 Shipyards, Columbus, 376; Halifax, 
 376; naval, 349; New Orleans, 
 
 379; Oven Bluff, 340; Savannah, 
 
 384 
 
 Shirley, JohnT., 386 
 Shoe factory, 174 
 Shoemakers, 238 
 Shoes, 160, 227, 253, 279, 347 
 Shops, 216 
 Short, Henry B., 50 
 Shorter, John G., 2, 10, 11, 35, 360 
 Shot, 375; manufacture, 380 
 Shoup, Francis A., 164 
 Shovels, 205 
 Shover, John J., 50 
 Shrapnel, manufacture, 380 
 Shreveport, La., 48; Army officers 
 at, 362; commandant of conscripts, 
 294; cotton agent, 129; depositary, 
 129; field transportation hdqrs., 
 
INDEX 
 
 515 
 
 162; general hospital, 185; manu¬ 
 facturing at, 289; navy paymas¬ 
 ter at, 362; niter and mining 
 supt., 245; postmaster, 398; 
 Produce Loan agent, 129; quar¬ 
 termaster, 294; quartermaster 
 depot, 289; 
 
 Shreveport, La., sequestration 
 receiver at, 49; Trans-Miss. 
 Dept, hdqrs., 289, 290 
 Shreveport Arsenal, La., 289 
 Shreveport Naval Station, La., 
 
 340, 362, 386-387 
 Shubuta, Miss., 332 
 Sibley, Henry H., 296, 297 
 Sick and Wounded in the Army, 
 Senate Special Committee To 
 Investigate the Complaints Made 
 by the, 21 
 
 Signal Bureau, Adjutant and In¬ 
 spector General’s Office, 152- 
 153 
 
 Signal Corps, 302; authorized, 152; 
 Houston, Tex., 292; records, 
 409; rolls, 145 
 
 Signal Office, Dept. ofS.C., Ga., 
 and Fla., 284 
 
 Signal officers. Savannah, 286 
 Signal operators. Army of the 
 Peninsula, 153 
 Signal stations, S. C., 284 
 Signalmen, assigned to blockade- 
 runners, 343; services, 152 
 Signals, 343, 359 
 Signatures, naval station employ¬ 
 ees, 374; soldiers, 303 
 Silver plate, 117 
 Simms, Charles C., 340 
 Simms, John D., 353 
 Simms, William E., 21, 22 
 Simms’ Point, Va., 364 
 Simons, H. L., 285 
 Simpson, Samuel R., 331 
 Simpson, William D., 27, 28, 29, 
 35, 279, 331 
 
 Sims, Frederick W., 165 
 Sims, J. W., 298 
 Sinclair, Arthur, 340, 372 
 Sinclair, George T., 87, 90, 340, 
 365, 366, 367, 368 
 Singleton, Otho R., 24, 27, 28, 29 
 Sitton, John B., 52 
 Sketchbooks, topographical, 273 
 
 Sketches, naval vessels, 350, 351 
 Skirmishes, maps, 208 
 Slagle, Charles W., 245 
 Slaughter, James E., 289 
 Slaughterhouse, 167 
 Slave Claims Board, appointed, 155 
 Slaveowners, 411; compensation to, 
 155; letters sent, 228; letters to, 
 219, 225, 227, 228; names, 159, 
 
 160 
 
 Slavery, abolishment in South pro¬ 
 posed, 72 
 
 Slaves, 268, 412; captured, 411; 
 claims re, 113, 120, 336, 401, 
 
 410; clothing issued to, 160; 
 compensation for, 155; disposition, 
 411; employed by : Army, 159, 
 arsenals, 219, Charleston engi¬ 
 neer office, 283, Chimborazo 
 General Hospital, 196, Engineer 
 Corps, 205, Farmville General 
 Hospital, 193, Fort Morgan, 
 
 267, General Hospital No. 24, 
 Richmond, 201, Macon Armory, 
 225, Macon Arsenal, 227, Va. 
 defenses, 207; enrollment, 
 
 237, 294; hospital patients, 
 
 181; impressed, 155, 242; 
 loss of, 74, 81; war tax on, 
 
 116 
 
 Slidell, John, 32, 72, 75, 77, 78, 
 
 79, 82, 87, 89, 90, 340 
 Sloan, Benjamin, 219, 230 
 Sloan, James, 168 
 Slocumb, B. F., 119 
 Small arms, 228; imported through 
 Matamoras, 73; inquiry re, 
 
 12; inspector, 215; manu¬ 
 facture, 215, 226, 347; pro¬ 
 curement, 215; repair, 223, 
 
 229; returns of, 142 
 Small stores, 344, 355, 356, 358, 
 
 359 
 
 Smallpox, 172 
 
 Smallpox Hospital, Chattanooga, 
 
 Tenn., 190; Richmond, Va., 203 
 Smeltery, 244 
 Smith, A. D., 271 
 Smith, Ashbel, 297, 331 
 Smith, C. M., 165 
 Smith, Charles H., 170 
 Smith, Dabney H., 332 
 Smith, Edmund Kirby, 60, 67, 211, 
 
516 
 
 INDEX 
 
 236, 265, 266, 269, 289, 291, 
 292, 293, 316, 398, 418 
 Smith, Edward B., 215 
 Smith, Francis L., 57 
 Smith, Gustavus W., 134, 173, 271, 
 272, 273, 331 
 Smith, Harvey, 371 
 Smith, J. Little, 42 
 Smith, J. W. G., 242 
 Smith, James M., 30 
 Smith, Junius W., 54 
 Smith, Larkin, 153, 158, 166 
 Smith, Norman W., 162 
 Smith, Peter E., 376 
 Smith, Richard M., 5 
 Smith, Robert A., 332 
 Smith, Robert C., 253 
 Smith, Robert H., 35 
 Smith, S. A., 172, 306 
 Smith, Samuel, 105 
 Smith, W. H., 168 
 Smith, William, 24 
 Smith, William E., 35 
 Smith, William N. H., 24, 27, 28, 
 29, 30 
 
 Smith, William R., 2, 27, 28, 35 
 Smithsonian Institution, 120, 351 
 Smithsonian Institution, Museum 
 of History and Technology 
 Library, 378 
 
 Smuggling, suppression, 122 
 Smyth County, Va., salt procure¬ 
 ment in, 28 
 
 Snead, Thomas L., 415, 418 
 Sneed, Charles, 383 
 Sneed, J. R., 396 
 Sneed, James R., 127 
 Society for Promoting the Cessa¬ 
 tion of Hostilities in America, 
 
 73, 87, 89 
 
 Soldiers, absentee, 303; bounties, 
 98; clothing rolls, 159; deceased: 
 claims, 28, 93, 102, 103, 111, 
 
 112, 113, effects, 112, 182, 189, 
 191, 192, 193, 196, 199, 201, 204, 
 interment, 248, returns of, 112, 
 statements re, 412; detailed : 
 
 296, records, 406, to report to 
 State Reserves, 302; detailed to: 
 arsenals, 219, College Hospital 
 at Goldsboro, 187, contractors, 
 231, Engineer Corps, 204-205, 
 206, factories, 160, hospitals, 
 
 171, 180, 192, 196, 200, 202, 
 industries, 237, Macon Arsenal, 
 
 227, Macon Central Laboratory, 
 
 228, military prisons, 249, Navy, 
 141, quartermaster at Mobile, 
 
 268, Quartermaster General’s 
 Dept., 157, Shoe Factory, 174; 
 details, 241, 242, 262, 306; 
 disabled, 219, 228, 239; dis¬ 
 charges, 31, 141, 161; homesteads 
 for, 27; imprisoned in: Richmond, 
 281, Salisbury, 258; letters sent, 
 70; letters to, 161; Negroes as, 
 
 31; pay, 103; payments to, 98, 111, 
 144, 145; polls, 410; public pro¬ 
 perty purchased from, 37; records 
 re, 140, 303, 405-409, 411; 
 recruitment, 237; Regular Army, 
 302; relief for, 70; roster author¬ 
 ized, 404; seize property, 112; 
 vote for Representatives, 15; 
 widows, 410 
 
 Soldiers’ Home, House Select Com¬ 
 mittee on Veteran, 28 
 Soldiers’ Home Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 203 
 
 Soldiers’ Relief Hospital, Charles¬ 
 ton, S.C., 189 
 Somers, William D., 332 
 Sommerville, Henry C., 193 
 Sons of Liberty, 73 
 Sorley, James, 105 
 Sorrel, Francis, 172 
 Sotheby’s, 370 
 
 South, conditions in, 81; economic 
 conditions, 66; northern-owned 
 property in, 39; occupied areas, 
 411; property losses, 39; pur¬ 
 chases in the North, 39; slavery, 
 
 72 
 
 South America, 340; business firms, 
 83; Sumter to ports of, 83 
 South Atlantic Ocean, 340, 367, 369 
 South Carolina, call for convention, 
 
 1; chief commissary, 168; chief 
 tax collector, 116, 117; comman¬ 
 dant of conscripts, 240; conscrip¬ 
 tion service, 242; delegate signs 
 Constitution, 2; depositaries, 132; 
 district court, 51; engineer offi¬ 
 cers, 207; field transportation, 
 
 162; general of reserves, 303; 
 Governor, 51; Gregg’s brigade in. 
 
INDEX 
 
 517 
 
 321; Jackson’s division in, 319; 
 mail contracts, 394; maps, 209, 
 321; military hospitals, 189, 195; 
 military operations in, 207; 
 military service records, 407; 
 naval defenses, 357, 384; niter 
 and mining service, 244; number 
 of Representatives, 14; officers 
 serve in: Anderson, 314, Ash, 
 
 314, Clingman, 318, Dawson, 
 
 319, Gilmer, 320, Olmstead, 
 
 327, Taliaferro, 332, Wise, 336; 
 ordnance officers in, 223; ord¬ 
 nance supplies to, 222; part of 
 the Dept. ofS.C., Ga., and 
 Fla., 282; persons who sold 
 cotton, 116; privateer sunk off 
 coast of, 123; Produce Loan 
 agent, 115; quartermaster pur¬ 
 chasing officer, 153; railroads, 
 165; records of troops, 309-310; 
 regimental officers, 147, 148; 
 Representative from, 32; re¬ 
 serve forces, 310; sales of pro¬ 
 perty, 98; secession ordinance, 
 
 5; seizes : Charleston Arsenal, 
 221, William Aiken, 130; surgeon 
 serves in, 325, 335; tax returns, 
 118; Treasury Dept, field offices, 
 130-132 
 
 South Carolina Archives Depart¬ 
 ment, military service records, 
 407, 409; records held by : First 
 Louisiana Hospital, Charleston, 
 189, prison at Florence, 254, 
 Second North Carolina Hospital 
 at Columbia, 189; Simons papers, 
 285 
 
 South Carolina Historical Society, 
 papers of Army officers: 
 
 Conner, 275, Ellicott, 285, 
 Feilden, 285, 319, Johnson, 285, 
 Manigault, 326; records of the 
 Dept, of S.C., Ga. and Fla., 
 
 1st Mil. Dist., 285 
 
 South Carolina University, South 
 Caroliniana Library, papers of 
 Army officers : Beauregard, 
 
 315, Bonham, 280, Capers, 317, 
 Echols, 285, Gary, 275, Gibbes, 
 
 320, Guerin, 170, Hampton, 275, 
 Holt, 322, Kershaw, 275, 
 McCreery, 285, McMaster, 326, 
 
 Melton, 326; Simpson, 279, 331; 
 papers of chaplains: Bannon, 314, 
 Barnwell, 33, Bonham, 33, Quin- 
 tard, 289, Simpson, 35; papers 
 of naval officers : Morgan, 379, 
 Tomb, 358; papers of officials : 
 
 De Leon, 89, Trenholm, 100; 
 papers of Surgeon McLean, 325; 
 personal papers : LeConte, 245, 
 Slagle, 245; records held by : 
 Confed. commrs. to the U. S., 
 
 86, depositary’s receipt book, 
 
 132, enrolling officer of the 
 Orangeburg district, 242, list of 
 bonds and stocks, 108, reports of 
 artillery operations, 285, Soldiers’ 
 Relief Hospital at Charleston, 
 
 189, S. C. regts., 309, Wayside 
 Hospital at Columbia, 189 
 Southern Bank Note Co., 118 
 Southern Historical Society, 283, 
 
 339, 415, 421; given Provisional 
 Constitution, 3; lent maps, 208; 
 publishes Congress proceedings, 
 
 18; State Dept, records offered 
 to, 76; War Dept, records given 
 to, 136 
 
 Southern Independence Association, 
 
 87, 89 
 
 Southern Mississippi University, 
 
 406 
 
 Southern Mothers Hospital, Mem¬ 
 phis, Tenn., 190 
 Southern States, cemeteries in, 
 
 248; collection of military records, 
 407; currency, 93; join Confed¬ 
 eracy, 9; maps re, 208; post 
 offices, 391; post routes, 392; 
 recorders, 407; records, 405; 
 seizures of U.S. property, 420; 
 set up conventions, 1. See also 
 Confederacy, Confederate States, 
 South, States 
 
 Southern Telegraph Co., 99, 397 
 Southerner, C.S.S., 369 
 Southerners, claims, 404 
 Southwestern Telegraph Company, 
 
 389, 397 
 
 Spaight, A. W., 105 
 Spain, commr. to, 72, 78; Minister 
 of Foreign Affairs, 77 
 Spanish Fort, La., 306 
 Spanish Government, Rost's 
 
518 
 
 INDEX 
 
 reception by, 77 
 Sparrow, Edward, 2, 20, 21 
 Speaker of the House, elected, 24 
 Special agents. Post Office Depart¬ 
 ment, 389; duties, 391; investi¬ 
 gations by, 396; letters sent, 
 
 398; letters to, 390, 392, 393, 
 398 
 
 Special commissioners, appoint¬ 
 ments, 68 
 
 Special Service Office, Navy De¬ 
 partment, 337, 349 
 Specie, 101, 115, 211 
 Speed, John M., 57 
 Spence, James, 87, 89 
 Spence, John A., 295 
 Spence, P. B., 418 
 Spence, W. A., 155 
 Spencer, Samuel W., 45 
 Spencer, Thomas, 177 
 Spidel, John, 370 
 Spies, 411, 412; detection, 260; 
 
 imprisoned in Richmond, 281 
 Spiller & Burr pistol factory, 224 
 Spotswood, William A. W., 349 
 Spray, C.S.S., 110, 384 
 Squib, C.S.S., 356, 383 
 Staff departments, 409 
 Staff officers, 141 
 Stag, blockade-runner, 372 
 Stagelines, 410 
 Stanard, J. B., 206 
 Stansbury, Smith, 215, 216, 218, 
 
 231 
 
 Stanton, Edwin M., 67 
 Staples, Waller R., 27, 28, 30 
 Star of the West , U.S.S., 379 
 Stare decisis doctrine, 41 
 Starke, L. D., 50 
 Starnes, Ebenezer, 105, 116 
 Starr, James H., 54, 56, 398 
 State Comptrollers, 117 
 State Department, accounts, 98, 
 
 108; affixes seal, 8; commercial 
 agents, 74, 92; commissions, 
 392; couriers, 393; custody of 
 Great Seal, 8; depository of 
 copyrighted works, 12; domestic 
 duties, 74; employees' accounts, 
 82; established, 9; housed in 
 customhouse, 62; list of records, 
 79; maintains general records, 
 
 1; organization, 72; printing 
 
 contract, 80; published corresp., 
 79-80; records, 7, 75-91, 339; 
 State ordinances filed in, 4 
 State legislators, letters to, 109 
 States, accounts. 111; Adjutants 
 General, 407; admitted to Confed¬ 
 eracy, 5, 9, 10, 13; agents, 81; 
 archives, 68; arsenals taken over 
 from, 218; boards of commrs. for 
 impressed property, 154; boards 
 of loans commrs., 105; cadets to 
 be appointed from, 149; chief pur¬ 
 chasing commissaries, 168; 
 claims against the Confederate 
 Govt., 30, 111; commandants of 
 conscripts for, 240; commrs., 
 
 81; commrs. of military records, 
 407; commrs. of taxes, 410; 
 commrs. to, 9; conscription, 150; 
 conscription offices, 239-243; 
 constituted : purchasing districts, 
 153-154, tax divisions, 116, 117; 
 controlling quartermasters as¬ 
 signed to, 166; conventions with 
 Confederate Govt., 1, 9, 74, 80; 
 courts : 37, constitutional de¬ 
 cisions, 41, district attorneys 
 prosecute in, 38, issued habeas 
 corpus writs, 41, jurisdiction, 
 41-42, laws distributed to, 6, 
 suits in, 42; elections in, 7, 15, 
 
 23; Governors : appoint Senators, 
 14, authorized to appoint apprais¬ 
 ers, 154, commissions, 14, 
 cooperation of, 136, corresp., 65, 
 66, 68, 85, letters sent, 66, 67, 
 
 80, 85, 97, 137, 141, letters to, 80, 
 95, 117, 137, 141, 156, 206, 259, 
 
 390, 392, papers, 69, proclama¬ 
 tions, 7, telegrams to, 97; hospi¬ 
 tals for soldiers of, 180; inspec¬ 
 tors of conscription, 237; judicial 
 cases involving, 37; judicial dis¬ 
 tricts established in, 36; legisla - 
 latures : acts, 97, elect Senators, 
 14, ratify Permanent Constitution, 
 
 2, resolutions, 23, 32; lists of 
 delegations in Congress, 14; 
 local defense forces to serve in, 
 302; military authorities, 219; 
 military courts authorized for, 
 
 142; military organizations, 147, 
 
 301, 404, 405, 406, 407, 419; 
 
INDEX 
 
 519 
 
 military service records, 407; 
 navies, 40, 337; officials: 
 corresp., 420, exemption, 30, 
 238, laws distributed to, 5, 
 letters sent, 66, 97, 117, 137, 
 
 156, letters to, 259, requests 
 for Confederate military records, 
 404, telegrams, 65; Permanent 
 Constitution ratified by, 2, 4; 
 Produce Loan agents appointed 
 in, 115; publication of laws in, 5; 
 quartermasters in, 157; recruit¬ 
 ment of soldiers, 237; regi¬ 
 ments, 406; reserve forces, 302; 
 rosters, 408-409; secession 
 conventions, 2, 5; seize: cus¬ 
 tomhouses, 121, lighthouses, 114, 
 mints, 122, revenue cutters, 
 
 123; supreme courts, 41, 42; tax 
 assessors, 167; tax collectors, 
 167; troop rolls, 145; vessels, 
 
 410; voting in Congress, 10; war 
 taxes received by, 98. See also 
 Ordinances and names of Gov ¬ 
 ernors and States 
 States rights, 36, 37 
 Statutes, 112. See also Laws, 
 Ordinances 
 
 Staunton, Va., 272; commissary 
 depot, 168; depositary, 133; 
 district court seat, 57; niter and 
 mining dist. hdqrs., 244; post 
 comdr., 276; quartermaster 
 depot, 153, 154 
 
 Steam engines, manufacture, 380; 
 patents, 402 
 
 Steamboats, inspection, 104; sunk 
 as obstructions, 112 
 Steamers, 410; construction, 376; 
 
 run the blockade, 134 
 Steamship companies, 410 
 Steamship service, proposed be¬ 
 tween Norfolk and Ireland, 83 
 Stedman, Charles M., 332 
 Steel, 346 
 
 Steele, Joseph G., 57 
 Steele, William, 212, 291, 295, 
 
 332, 418 
 
 Stegar, J. O., 390 
 Stenographers, 10, 19, 22 
 Stephen F. Austin State College, 
 
 407 
 
 Stephens, Alexander H., 35; 
 
 commr. to Va., 9; Congressman, 
 10, 11; diary, 71; elected Vice 
 President, 9, 62; information re, 
 401; letters to Davis, 67; mem¬ 
 ber of Constitutional Convention, 
 
 2; papers, 69-71; presides over 
 Senate, 19; speeches, 70 
 Stephens, Linton W,, 70, 71 
 Stephens, Mother Claude, 70 
 Sterling, procurement, 100 
 Steuart, George H., 276 
 Stevenson, Carter L., 287, 418 
 Stevenson, Randolph R., 251, 418 
 Stevenson, Vernon K., 26 
 Stewart, Alexander P., 418 
 Stewart, James D., 105 
 Stewart, K. J., 150 
 Stewart Hospital, House Select Com¬ 
 mittee To Investigate the Condi¬ 
 tion of, 30 
 Stock, John Y., 52 
 Stockholders, 397, 411 
 Stocks, bank, 47; railroad, 47; war 
 tax on, 116 
 
 Stockton, Philip, 224 
 Stone, S. G., Jr., 340 
 Stonewall, C.S.S., 365, 366, 368, 
 371, 372 
 
 Stono, C.S.S., 358 
 
 Stores, Army, 139; lighthouses, 114; 
 
 military, 115, 151; naval, 360 
 Stout, Samuel H., 172, 175, 176, 177, 
 182, 183, 185, 190 
 Stovall, Marcellus A., 288 
 Strawberry Plains, Tenn., 241 
 Stringer, Edgar P., 76, 216 
 Strong, George V., 50, 51 
 Strother, John M., 94 
 Stuart, Buchanan & Co., 167 
 Stuart, Charles E., 29 
 Stuart, James E. B., 67, 275, 276, 
 278, 279, 418 
 
 Stuart General Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 203 
 
 Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Edward 
 (1st Earl of Wharncliffe), 87 
 Stubbs, Frank P., 48 
 Submarine batteries, 347 
 Submarine mines, 351, 354, 362 
 Submarine torpedo service, 340 
 Submarines, 217, 351, 378. See 
 also Hunley 
 
 Subsistence agents, 294 
 
520 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Subsistence Bureau, Trans-Mis¬ 
 sissippi Dept., 290 
 Subsistence Department, opera¬ 
 tions, 167-168; records, 169, 405 
 Subsistence Department, Trans- 
 Mississippi Dept., 293, 294 
 Subsistence Division, Second Audi¬ 
 tor's Office, 111 
 Subsistence stores, 264, 285; 
 payments for, 98; procurement, 
 167-168, 170 
 
 Subsistence supplies, procured by 
 the Trans-Miss. Dept., 289 
 Substitutes, 237, 242 
 Suffolk, Va., Loring at, 325 
 Sullivan's Island, S. C., 284, 285 
 Sulphur, 243, 244; refinery, 220 
 Sumter, C.S.S., 83, 352, 367, 
 
 369, 371, 372, 379 
 Superintendent of Coal Contracts 
 Office, Navy Department, 343 
 Superintendent of Public Printing, 
 392, 403; publishes session 
 laws, 5; reports, 18, 401. See 
 also Public printer 
 Superintendent of railroad trans¬ 
 portation, 164 
 
 Superintendents of Indian Affairs, 
 295 
 
 Supplies, 110; Army: 99, 134, 136, 
 228, 260, claims. 111, 112, 113, 
 121, 153, contractors, 103, 238, 
 imported, 216, 237, losses, 151, 
 manufacture, 153-154, procure¬ 
 ment, 65, 260, purchase, 115, 
 230; claims, 411; communica¬ 
 tions, 152; distribution to Con¬ 
 federate prisoners, 236; im¬ 
 ported from Europe, 246; lists 
 of, 87; mail, 396; Mexico source 
 of, 73; office, 82, 97, 101, 107, 
 110, 138, 220, 229, 399; Post 
 Office Dept., 390, 391; procure¬ 
 ment abroad, 97, 134; quarter¬ 
 master, 153, 160. See also 
 Naval supplies 
 Supply trains, 276 
 Supreme Court, 36, 400 
 Surgeon General, contracts, 103; 
 controls procurement, 178; 
 corresp., 180; letters sent, 171, 
 
 175, 176; letters to, 173, 175, 
 
 176, 177; orders, 173, 175, 177, 
 
 262; records, 170-172; reports 
 filed in, 233 
 
 Surgeons, Army, 148, 149, 314, 316, 
 319, 326, 331, 332; appointment, 
 170; assignment, 172, 240; com¬ 
 piled records re, 181; corresp., 
 180; employees, 159; letters sent, 
 176; letters to, 171, 173, 175, 176, 
 177, 319; records re, 409; serve 
 in: Ala., 328, Farmville General 
 Hospital, 335, Fla., 319, Ga., 
 
 315, 325, La., 294, 328, Miss., 
 319, N. C., 335, Oglethorpe 
 Barracks, 327, Robertson Hospi¬ 
 tal, 203, S.C., 285, 325, 335, 
 Tex., 298, Va., 315, 324, 325, 
 327; serve with: Ala., Inf., 322, 
 Army of N. Va., 277, 279, 321, 
 Army of the Potomac, 321, Army 
 of Tenn., 177, 288, 289, Dept, of 
 S. C., Ga., and Fla., 321, Dist. 
 of E. Fla., 285, First Ky. Bri¬ 
 gade, 261, Ga., Cavalry, 271, 
 Hoke's division, 272, Lee's 
 cavalry corps, 264, McLaws' 
 division, 273, N. C., Inf., 324, 
 Tex., Inf., 322, Tex. Mounted 
 Vols., 316, Va., Inf., 335, Vols., 
 174, 324. See also Medical offi¬ 
 cers 
 
 Surgical cases, 174, 184, 185, 187, 
 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 
 200, 201, 272, 309 
 Surgical instruments, 178, 348, 402 
 Survey of Federal Archives, court 
 records, 42; Fla., 46; N. C., 51 
 Surveyors of ports. New Orleans, 
 
 128 
 
 Sutherlin, William T., 272 
 Sutlers, 234; Columbia, 253; taken 
 prisoner by Confederates, 138 
 Swain, Edward A., 340 
 Swann, William G., 28 
 Swanson, William G., 240 
 Swords, 216 
 
 Szymanski, Ignatius, 234, 235, 290 
 
 Tabb, Thomas, 311 
 Tabb, W. K., 254 
 Tabb, William B., 312 
 Tacony , C.S.S., 368 
 Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, 211, 
 court seat, 60 
 
INDEX 
 
 521 
 
 Talbott & Bros., Richmond, Va., 
 347 
 
 Talcott, T. M. R., 277 
 Taliaferro, Edwin, 279 
 Taliaferro, William B., 332, 418 
 Talladega, Ala., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241 
 
 Tallahassee, Fla., board of loan 
 commrs. at, 105; controlling 
 quartermaster at, 167; deposi¬ 
 tary, 126; district court seat, 
 
 44, 45; medical purveyor, 178; 
 niter and mining dist. hdqrs., 
 244; Produce Loan agent, 115; 
 quartermaster depot, 333 
 Tallahassee, C.S.S., 352, 353, 
 368, 369, 370 
 
 Tallassee Armory, Ala., 99, 233 
 Tallassee Manufacturing Co., 233 
 Talley, Robert, 215 
 Tamaulipas, Mexico, 73, 297 
 Tangipahoa, La., depositary, 129 
 Tanner, Isaac S., 272 
 Tanneries, 410; letters to, 231 
 Tanners, 238, 412 
 Tappan, James C., 418 
 Tapscott, JohnB., 332 
 Tariff act, enforcement, 95 
 Tarrant County, Tex., 53 
 Tasker, A. P., 291, 414 
 Tate, Mitchell, 346 
 Tate, Samuel M., 333 
 Tattnall, Josiah, 340, 342, 343, 
 354, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 
 384 
 
 Tax assessors, 116, 117, 118; ac¬ 
 counts, 118; Ala., 123; appoint¬ 
 ments, 117; list, 167;N. C., 130 
 Tax collectors, accounts, 117, 118; 
 Ala., 123, 124, 125; appoint¬ 
 ments, 117; bonds, 103; commis¬ 
 sions, 117; deposits by, 101; let¬ 
 ters sent, 97, 118; letters to, 
 
 117; lists, 118; reports, 121; 
 statements of money received, 
 118; Tenth Va. Dist., 92 
 Tax in kind, accounts, 160; agents, 
 157; collected in Va., 311; col¬ 
 lection, 117; cotton acquired 
 under, 115; Fort Bend County, 
 Tex., 133; levied on agricul¬ 
 tural produce, 166; payments on, 
 129; quartermasters collect, 157; 
 
 records re, 167; returns, 158; 
 statement, 228 
 Tax-in-kind agent, 225 
 Tax in Kind Bureau, Quartermaster 
 General’s Office, 166 
 Tax in Kind Bureau, Trans-Missis¬ 
 sippi Dept., 290, 294 
 Taxes, Ariz. Terr., 59; collection 
 in Trans-Miss. West, 121; Con¬ 
 gress and, 10; increase in, 117; 
 returns, 37, 118; revenue from, 
 122; to be levied by Congress, 15. 
 See also War tax 
 
 Taxes, House Select Committee on 
 Additional, 31 
 
 Taxpayers, appraise the value of 
 crops, 166; names, 118 
 Taxpayers, House Special Commit¬ 
 tee on the Relief of, 30 
 Taylor, Algernons., 353, 377 
 Taylor, Charles E., 153 
 Taylor, J. H., 29 
 
 Taylor, Richard, 67, 263, 264, 298, 
 299, 327, 329, 333, 369, 370, 371 
 Taylor, W. V., 232, 233 
 Taylor, Walter H. S., 111, 169, 232 
 Tazewell Courthouse, Va., 170 
 Teachers, 238 
 
 Teamsters, 234; taken prisoner by 
 Confederates, 138; records re, 
 
 411 
 
 Teasdale, H. R., 153 
 Teaser , C.S.S., 351, 354 
 Technology, nautical, records, 341 
 Telegraph companies, 238; payments 
 to by Govt., 98; records re, 410 
 Telegraph lines, 99; construction 
 of, 397; control of assumed by 
 the Govt., 396; erected by signal¬ 
 man, 152; records re, 397. See 
 also Military Telegraph Lines 
 Telegraph operators, 138, 396; 
 Charleston, 284; exemption, 397; 
 letters to, 390; records re, 410 
 Telegraph stations, accounts, 397 
 Telegraphers, 411 
 Teller, 100 
 Temple, R. H., 290 
 Tennant, S. B., 153 
 Tennent, George W., 360 
 Tennessee, admitted to Confederacy, 
 9; chief commissary, 168; chief 
 tax collector, 116, 117; coal 
 
522 
 
 INDEX 
 
 mining, 243; commandant of 
 conscripts, 240; commissary 
 depots, 168; Confederate commr. 
 to, 9; conscription service, 242; 
 copper mining, 243; depositaries, 
 132; district court, 52; engineer 
 in, 336; field transportation, 
 
 162; Governor appoints senators, 
 23; inhabitants' letters, 239; 
 iron manufacture, 346; limestone 
 works, 243; maps, 336; medical 
 directors serve in, 177; medi¬ 
 cal purveyors in, 178, 179; 
 military hospitals, 175, 176, 190, 
 288; military operations in, 207; 
 military organizations, 409; 
 military service records, 407, 
 409; niter and mining service, 
 
 244; number of Representatives, 
 15; occupied by Union forces, 
 
 393; officers serve in : Beatty, 
 315, Clark, 318, Gilmer, 320, 
 Hardee, 321, Hill, 321, Polk, 
 
 329, Van Horn, 334; ordnance 
 officers in, 223; ordnance pro¬ 
 perty removed from, 223; 
 packing houses, 167; part of : 
 
 Dept, of Tenn., 286, Western 
 Dept., 237, 300; political pris¬ 
 oners arrested in, 138; post 
 office accounts, 396; provisional 
 army, 313; quartermaster pur¬ 
 chasing officer, 154; records of 
 troops, 310; regimental officers, 
 148; sales of property, 98; 
 secession ordinance, 5; tele¬ 
 graph line through, 397; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept, field offices, 132-133 
 
 Tennessee, C.S. S., 360, 361, 377, 
 386 
 
 Tennessee brigade, 261 
 
 Tennessee Polytechnic Institute, 
 
 407 
 
 Tennessee River, 162, 299 
 
 Tennessee Rolling Works, 243 
 
 Tennessee State Library and Ar¬ 
 chives, Guerrant's diary, 277; 
 military service records, 407, 
 409; papers of Army officers: 
 Ewell, 275, Gause, 277, Paine, 
 328, Semmes, 288, Simpson, 
 
 331; Raht papers, 246, Ross 
 papers, 214 
 
 Tennessee University Library, 
 Ramsey papers, 133 
 Terrett, George H., 364 
 Territorial commands, composi¬ 
 tion, 150 
 
 Territories, appointments, 81; 
 courts, 58-60; supervised by the 
 Atty. Gen., 400. See also 
 Arizona Territory 
 Territories, Committee on, 58 
 Territories, House Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 25 
 
 Territories, Senate Standing Com¬ 
 mittee on, 20 
 
 Territories, Standing Committee on, 
 11 
 
 Terry's Texas Rangers, 317 
 Texans, in Ariz. Terr., 58 
 Texas, 73, 114; admitted to Confed¬ 
 eracy, 9; becomes Dept, of Tex., 
 289; Bee serves in, 315; cattle 
 obtained from, 167; cavalry, 211; 
 Cherokee flee to, 211; chief com¬ 
 missary, 168; chief ordnance 
 officer, 297; chief purchasing 
 commissary, 297; chief tax 
 collector, 116, 117; comman¬ 
 dants of conscripts, 240; commis¬ 
 sary officer, 330; cotton purchases 
 in, 292, 293; delegates to Mont¬ 
 gomery convention, 1; delegation 
 in Congress, 31; district court, 
 
 53; field transportation officer, 
 
 164; general of reserves, 303; 
 governor, 63; Indian commrs., 
 
 81; iron furnaces, 243; maps, 209; 
 military hospitals, 190; military 
 organizations, 409; military 
 prisons in, 296; military routes, 
 297; military service records, 
 
 407, 409; niter and mining agent, 
 245; number of Representatives, 
 
 14; part of the Trans-Miss. Dept., 
 289; passage of Mexican border, 
 297; post offices, 391, 392; post 
 routes, 398; postmasters' 
 accounts, 395, 396; principal 
 commissary, 297; Produce Loan 
 agent, 115; quartermaster pur¬ 
 chasing officer, 154; records of 
 troops, 311; records re, 291; 
 regimental officers, 147, 148; 
 secession ordinance, 5; State 
 
INDEX 
 
 523 
 
 troops, 313; surgeons serve in, 
 316; Treasury Agent and, 121; 
 Treasury Dept, field offices, 
 
 133 
 
 Texas , C.S.S., 383 
 
 Texas, Adjutant General, special 
 orders, 313 
 
 Texas Cotton Office, Houston, 
 
 Tex., 292 
 
 Texas Historical Foundation, 407 
 
 Texas Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 
 201 
 
 Texas State Library, Archives 
 Division, King papers, 296; 
 military service records, 409; 
 papers of Army officers : Ford, 
 
 297, King, 297, Lynch, 294, Rives, 
 294; papers of officials: Lubbock, 
 69, Miller, 390, Reagan, 390; 
 papers of surgeons : Cuppler, 
 
 298, Ferris, 319, Irion, 322; 
 Trans-Miss. Dept, records, 
 
 294 
 
 Texas Telegraph Co., 397 
 
 Texas University Library, Texas 
 Archives, Lining’s diary, 371; 
 papers of Army officers : 
 
 Barry, 314, Beauregard, 315, 
 
 Bee, 315, Birge, 294, Botts, 
 
 294, Bragg, 316, Bryan, 293, 
 Burton, 226, Carrington, 317, 
 Clark, 318, Ford, 297, Hicks, 
 
 321, Holmsley, 297, Howe, 297, 
 Johnston, 270, Lee, 274, 
 
 Logan, 183, Longstreet, 325, 
 Magruder, 297, Mechling, 297, 
 Pillow, 301, Rains, 221, Roberts, 
 330, Smith, 293, 332, Thomp¬ 
 son, 276, Venable, 279, Watie, 
 296; papers of chaplains: 
 
 Bunting, 317; papers of Congress ¬ 
 men : Oldham, 34, L. T. Wig- 
 fall, 35; papers of naval officers : 
 Fairfax, 386, Hunter, 360, 364; 
 papers of officials : Davis, 66, 
 Pike, 215, Reagan, 390, Starr, 
 398, Tucker, 56; papers of sur ¬ 
 geons : Stout, 176, 177, Wible, 
 
 289; records held by : Atty. 
 
 Gen. ’s opinion book, 401, 
 Brooksville hospital, 185, Fair¬ 
 ground Hospital No. 1 at 
 Atlanta, 183, Foard Hospital at 
 
 Chattanooga, 190, Foard Hospital 
 at Marietta, Ga., 185, hospital 
 at Atlanta, 183, military commis¬ 
 sion, 298, Newsom Hospital at 
 Chattanooga, 190, Rockbridge 
 County (Va.) tax-in-kind book, 
 
 167, Stevens’ dismounted cavalry, 
 311, Trans-Miss. Dept., 293, 
 
 294, Wayside Hospital at Mont¬ 
 gomery, Ala., 181; records re 
 the Hunley , 378 
 Textile mills, 156, 233 
 Theological seminaries, 98 
 Thian, Raphael P., 19, 94 
 Third Auditor’s Office, Treasury 
 Dept., 113 
 
 Thomas, Bryan M., 418 
 Thomas, Jesse, 126, 133 
 Thomas, R. S., 233, 290 
 Thomas, W. E., 177 
 Thomas, William H., 67, 267, 293, 
 294 
 
 Thomasville, Ga., 252; depositary, 
 127 
 
 Thompson, George G., 276 
 Thompson, George S., 333 
 Thompson, Jacob, 75, 79, 87, 90, 
 
 91 
 
 Thompson, John R., 73, 89 
 Thompson, L. S., 347 
 Thompson, Meriwether Jeff, 308, 
 333 
 
 Thomson, Ruffin, 353 
 Thorburn, C. E., 216 
 Thornburgh, Amos, 251 
 Thorne, Edward A., 333 
 Thoroughfare Gap, Va., 167 
 Three Brothers, schooner, 46 
 Tidball, Edward M., 337 
 Tift, Asa, 384 
 Tift, Nelson, 347, 384 
 Timber, claims re, 84; procure¬ 
 ment, 374; seized, 85; ship, 384 
 Timebooks, 226, 229, 230, 231, 267 
 Tin, 346; shops, 218 
 Tison, William H. H., 49 
 Tobacco, 85; exportation, 246; 
 factories, 194, 253, 254, 255; 
 hospital issues, 203; issued to 
 slaves, 160; paid on tax in kind, 
 166; purchased by produce agents, 
 115; warehouses, 230, 254 
 Tomb, James H., 340, 357 
 
524 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Tombigbee River, 376; Hunter’s 
 flight up, 360; payrolls of work¬ 
 men on, 110; shipyard on, 377 
 Tompkins, Sally L., 203 
 Tonnage registers. New Orleans, 
 127 
 
 Toole, JohnE., 266 
 
 Tools, 179, 205, 225, 226, 228, 
 
 346, 362, 375, 381 
 Toombs, Robert A., 2, 10, 74, 77 
 Toombs, William E., 196 
 Topographers, Army of N. Va., 
 
 273 
 
 Toronto, Canada, Dawson visits, 
 
 74 
 
 Torpedo , C.S.S., 354 
 Torpedo boats, 357, 378, 381 
 Torpedo Bureau, Navy Department, 
 337, 351 
 
 Torpedo launches, 383 
 Torpedo plant, 205 
 Torpedoes, development, 351; 
 experiments, 365, 366; laid in 
 Savannah Harbor, 360; manu¬ 
 facture, 375; patent, 403; 
 testing, 347 
 Town Point, 364 
 Towns, conscription in, 239; 
 
 provost marshals at, 260 
 Townsend, S. J., 52 
 Trabue, Robert P., 418 
 Trade, export, 105; with Bermuda, 
 79; with the enemy : 37, suits 
 in State courts, 42 
 Trades, tax on, 117 
 Trails, 336 
 
 Trans-Allegheny Department, 265, 
 266 
 
 Trans-Mississippi Department, 
 289-298; Army Intelligence 
 Office, 233; asst, agent for 
 exchange of prisoners, 234; 
 commandants of conscripts in, 
 240; conscription in, 237; 
 corresp., 398; Dist. of Ark. 
 part of, 295; Dist. of Tex. 
 under, 296; hdqrs. staff, letters 
 to, 292; Hubbard confers with 
 commanders, 211; Medical Bu¬ 
 reau, letters to, 171; military 
 court, 143; niter and mining 
 service, 244; officers serve in : 
 Hindman, 321, Walker, 334; 
 
 Trans-Miss. Dist. becomes part 
 of, 300 
 
 Trans-Mississippi District, 289, 
 
 300; Magruder comdr., 326; 
 
 Van Dorn comdr., 333 
 
 Trans-Mississippi West, Congress¬ 
 men, 31; conveyance of mail to, 
 398; field transportation, 162; 
 Indian delegates in House, 24; 
 Indian treaties, 7; Post Office 
 Dept. Agent, 389; tax collection, 
 121; Treasury Agent in, 120. See 
 also West 
 
 Transportation, 332, 347; accounts, 
 93, 305; Army : 139, 160, 356, 
 allowances, 163, enlisted men, 
 
 158, personnel, 153, supplies, 
 
 153; authorized for State record¬ 
 ers, 407; claims re, 112; coal, 
 
 345, 348, 385; expenditures for, 
 158; field : 283, Army of N. Va., 
 279, arrangements for, 162, 
 purchase, 162, quartermasters 
 on duty, 157, Texas, 164, Trans- 
 Miss. Dept., 289; hospital 
 patients, 349; naval guns and 
 stores, 346; on the Red River, 
 
 362; ordnance stores, 366; public, 
 37; request for, 350, 352; sub¬ 
 sistence stores, 170; supplies, 
 
 260; tickets, 410; used by the 
 Florida , 110; water, 410; wounded 
 soldiers, 178 
 
 Transportation agents, letters to, 
 
 163 
 
 Transportation officers, letters 
 sent, 156; letters to, 165; records 
 re, 165 
 
 Transylvania College Library, 
 papers of Davis, 68 
 
 Trapier, James H., 283 
 
 Travel, passports, 74 
 
 Treason cases, 41; N.C., 51; Tenn., 
 53 
 
 Treasurer of the Confederate States, 
 100-104; accounts, 96, 395; 
 administration, 101; deposits with, 
 82; disbursements, 101; drafts, 
 
 82; duties, 100; funds received by, 
 98, 101; letters sent, 126; letters 
 to, 96, 231; payments to, 399; 
 receipts for coupon bonds, 127; re¬ 
 ceivers’ accounts forwarded to, 39; 
 
INDEX 
 
 525 
 
 records, 100-101; to pay claims, 
 61; Treasury notes deposited 
 with, 98, 119 
 
 Treasurers, Indian tribes, 211 
 
 Treasury, payment of fees into, 39 
 
 Treasury Agent for the Trans- 
 Mississippi West, Treasury 
 Dept., 120-121, 398; letters to, 
 99, 106; records, 121; 
 
 Treasury bonds, 108, 120, 125; 
 accounts, 96; certificates, 127, 
 129, 130, 132, 133; distribution, 
 97, 100; exchanged, 100, 105, 
 
 115; execution, 107; interest pay¬ 
 ments on, 102, 106, 125, 126; 
 issuance of, 100; journals, 106; 
 ledgers, 106; letters sent re, 
 
 94; preparation, 119; printing, 
 
 97; records re, 106-107; regis¬ 
 ters, 101, 104; reissue, 103; 
 revenue from, 122; sales, 97, 
 
 99, 116, 127; transportation, 133 
 
 Treasury Department, 92-133; 
 administration, 97; auditing of 
 accounts, 108; bureau reports 
 of operations, 97; clerkships, 
 
 410; corresp., 94-95, 99, 104, 
 114, 116; established, 9; field 
 offices, 121-133; housed in cus¬ 
 tomhouse, 62; officials : letters 
 sent, 100, 102, 132, letters to, 
 101, 102; organization, 92; pro¬ 
 cedures, 97; records, 92, 414, 
 415; regulations, 95, 97; reports, 
 18; requisitions for funds, 139; 
 resignations, 94, 97; salaries, 
 98; to collect the tax in kind in 
 money, 166. See also Secretary 
 of the Treasury and names of 
 secretaries 
 
 Treasury drafts, 100, 179; letters 
 re, 95 
 
 Treasury Note Bureau, Columbia, 
 S.C., 132 
 
 Treasury Note Bureau, Treasury 
 Dept., 100, 118-120; accounts, 
 
 120; letters to, 106; records, 92, 
 119-120 
 
 Treasury notes, 94, 125, 398; 
 bonds and stock exchanged for, 
 105; cancelling, 94; counterfeit, 
 94; counting, 102; deposited in 
 Archive Office, 93; destruction. 
 
 97; distribution, 100; file of, 120; 
 funding, 105, 106, 124, 130, 133; 
 interest payments on, 101, 124, 
 
 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133; 
 letters re, 95; payment, 98; pre¬ 
 paration, 100, 119; printing, 97, 
 
 105, 118, 120; receipts from, 98; 
 received in payment of customs, 
 131; records re, 92; redemption, 
 
 106, 107, 116, 119; registers, 119; 
 returns re, 96; signing, 104. See 
 also Currency 
 
 Treasury stock, 96, 120; accounts, 
 96; certificates, 100, 101, 104, 
 
 105, 106, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129 
 130, 132, 133; conversion into 
 bonds, 107; exchanged for : cou¬ 
 pon bonds, 107, produce, 115, 
 Treasury notes, 105; journals, 
 106-107; ledgers, 106-107; reve¬ 
 nue from, 122; transmission, 108. 
 See also Stock certificates 
 Treaties, extradition, 297; Presi¬ 
 dent to make, 63; publication, 5. 
 See also Indians 
 
 Tredegar Iron Works, 380; contracts 
 with the Navy Dept., 346; gun 
 foundry, 218; guns made by, 230; 
 manufactures hardware, 205; 
 records, 218, 246, 347, 410 
 Tremlett, Francis W., 87, 89 
 Trenholm, George A., Secretary 
 of the Treasury, 94, 100, 105 
 Trenton, Tenn., commissary depot, 
 168 
 
 Trescott, William H., 81 
 Trespass cases, Tex., 55 
 Trezevant, J. T., 222, 223 
 Trials, Beall, 91; Kennedy, 91 
 Trigg, Mrs. E. M., 353 
 Trimble, Isaac R., 276, 279 
 Trinity University Library, 319 
 Troops, arrival and departure at 
 Richmond, 148; authority to 
 raise, 150; local designations, 
 
 303; movements, 65; offers of, 
 
 150, 419; payments to units, 112; 
 raising, 137, 146. See also 
 Soldiers 
 
 Tucker, John R., 340, 357, 359, 
 
 360 
 
 Tucker, Nathaniel B., 81 
 Tucker, Philip C., II, 56 
 
526 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Tucson, Ariz., court seat, 58, 59 
 Tufts College Library, Norris 
 papers, 153; papers of officials : 
 Benjamin, 77, Davis, 68; 
 records held by : depositary at 
 Savannah, 396, House of Repre¬ 
 sentatives, 32, military prisons, 
 257, receipts, 101 
 Tulane University Library, Hunter 
 papers, 345, 363; maps held by, 
 209; papers of Army officers : 
 Allston, 293, Beauregard, 315, 
 Brent, 298, 316, Burk, 164, 
 
 Carr, 293, Duncan, 265, Cinder, 
 320, Johnston, A. S., 329, 
 Johnston, W. P., 69, Ogden, 
 
 327, Purves, 164, Taylor, 264, 
 298, 333, Thomas, 267, 293, 
 Thompson, 333, Walton, 334; 
 papers of officials : Davis, 65, 
 
 68, Gray, 121, Riddell, 399; 
 records held by : Army of the 
 Miss., 270, Army of N. Va., 
 
 274, Army of Tenn., 288, 
 
 Brent’s cavalry brigade, 298, 
 Crescent Regt., La. Inf., 306, 
 district court of La., 49, en¬ 
 rolling officer, 295, Indian 
 affairs, 215, La., Inf., 306, 
 Military Div. of the West, 300, 
 Savannah River Squadron, 359, 
 Trans-Miss. Dept., 293, Wash¬ 
 ington Art. Bn., 306, West¬ 
 ern Dept., 301; records re naval 
 vessels, 378; Roy's diary, 380; 
 Van Benthuysen papers, 353 
 Tulane University, Rudolph Matas 
 Medical Library, Jones' re¬ 
 port on gangrene, 172 
 Tullahoma, Tenn., hospital, 177 
 Tunnel Hill, Ga., 289; hospital, 
 
 185; quartermaster, 320 
 Turkey Island Landing, Va., 250 
 Turner, George K., 194 
 Turner, Josiah, Jr., 30, 35 
 Turner, Thomas P., 255, 256, 
 
 257 
 
 Turners, 412 
 Turney, Peter, 310 
 Turpentine stills, 244 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala., estimates of 
 tax in kind, 167; military prison, 
 258-259; prisoners sent to, 138 
 
 Tuscaloosa, C.S.S., 360, 367, 368, 
 377, 386 
 
 Tuscumbia, Ala., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241; hospital, 184 
 Tush-ca-hom-ma judicial district, 
 Indian country, 60 
 Tuttle, David K., 244 
 Twiggs, David E., 265 
 Tyler, Henry B., Jr., 353 
 Tyler, John, 35 
 Tyler, Robert, 106, 116 
 Tyler, Tex., district court seat, 
 
 53, 54; military hdqrs., 298; 
 pharmaceutical laboratory, 178 
 Tyler Arsenal, Tex., 290, 292 
 
 U. S. Adjutant General's Office, 107; 
 Archive Office, 414; Confederate 
 Archives Division, 414; Confeder ¬ 
 ate records received by : Army 
 officers' papers, 415-418, Sur¬ 
 geon General, 171; designated re¬ 
 pository of Confederate archives, 
 413; Division of Records of Pris¬ 
 oners of War, 248; files compiled 
 by, 404-412; index cards prepared 
 by, 137, 147, 156, 159; map col¬ 
 lection, 208; Old Records Divi¬ 
 sion, 421; Prisoner of War Divi¬ 
 sion, 250; records received by : 
 Morfit's letter book, 256, prisons, 
 248 
 
 U. S. Agent for the Exchange of 
 Prisoners, 234, 235 
 U.S. Army, 12, 144; battles, 419; 
 captures Davis, 64; controls Key 
 West, 45; depredations by, 30; 
 deserters, 257; enters Richmond, 
 413; forwards records to Washing¬ 
 ton, 17; headquarters at Macon, 
 
 13; officers join the Confederacy, 
 150; penetrates defenses of Peters¬ 
 burg, 413; posts, 419; raids, 137; 
 recovers Engineer Bur. records, 
 205; roster, 404; seizes : Confed¬ 
 erate records, 413, Davis' papers, 
 65. See also Enemy, U.S. forces 
 U. S. Assistant Adjutant General, 13 
 U.S. Assistant Treasurer, New 
 Orleans. 128 
 
 U.S. Attorney General, 388, 414 
 U. S. Auditor for the Post Office 
 Department, 389, 395 
 
INDEX 
 
 527 
 
 U, S. Bureau of the Mint, 130 
 U.S. Bureau of Rebel Archives, 
 
 414 
 
 U. S. Coast Guard, 130 
 U. S. Coast Survey, 123 
 U.S. Colored Troops, 197 
 U. S. Commissary General of 
 Prisoners, 249 
 
 U.S. Commissioner of Claims, 
 
 76, 93, 292 
 
 U.S. Commissioner of Customs, 
 
 102 
 
 U.S. Commissioner of Exchange, 
 236 
 
 U. S. Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs, records transmitted to, 
 213 
 
 U.S. Commissioner of Pensions, 
 
 248 
 
 U.S. Congress, 69; service of Con¬ 
 federate Senators in, 19 
 U. S. Construction and Repair 
 Office, Navy Department, 350 
 U.S. Court of Claims, 61, 76, 388, 
 395, 404 
 
 U.S. Department of Virginia, 235 
 U.S. District Courts, 40, 41, 42; 
 Abingdon, Va., 57; Atlanta, 46, 
 47; Austin, Tex., 55; Browns¬ 
 ville, Tex., 56; Galveston, Tex., 
 56; Jackson, Miss., 49; Mobile, 
 43; Montgomery, Ala., 123; 
 
 New Bern, N.C., 51; New Or¬ 
 leans, La., 49; Northern Dis¬ 
 trict of Alabama, 43; Oxford, 
 Miss., 49; Raleigh, N. C., 50; 
 Richmond, Va., 58; Savannah, 
 
 46; Tallahassee, 45; Wilmington, 
 N.C., 51 
 
 U.S. First Comptroller, 102 
 U.S. Ford, Va., 250 
 U.S. Government, attempts to 
 recover property in Europe, 99; 
 buys Post Office Dept, records, 
 389; claims against, 121; execu¬ 
 tive depts., 339; postal services 
 rendered to, 395; presents 
 claims to British Govt., 80; 
 prosecutes Davis, 64; recruiting 
 in Ireland, 73; removal of 
 Indians by, 210; special commrs. 
 to, 82; State Dept, records 
 offered to, 75; supplies relief to 
 
 Indians, 211 
 
 U. S. Interior Department, 37 
 U. S. Judge Advocate General, 91 
 U.S. Justice Department, 76, 388; 
 
 investigates claims, 414 
 U.S. Librarian of Congress, 389 
 U.S. Library of Congress, set of 
 printed records, 420 
 U. S. Library of Congress, Manu¬ 
 script Division, diaries and 
 journals : Benjamin, 84, Camp¬ 
 bell, 69, Mallory, 342; M^jan, 
 papers, 85; papers of Army offi¬ 
 cers : Alexander, 274, Barbour, 
 276, Beauregard, 314, Bee, 297, 
 Boswell, 277, Bourland, 297, 
 Breckinridge, 316, Bryan, 300, 
 Chesnut, 69, Early, 275, 279, 
 Elliott, 294, Ewell, 275, Feilden, 
 285, 319, Hardee, 321, Harman, 
 276, Hotchkiss, 275, 277-278, 
 
 Ives, 69, Jackson, 275, Johnston, 
 A. S., 301, Johnston, J. E., 288, 
 Johnston, W. P., 69, Lake, 276, 
 Lee, 274, Lovell, 325, Mallory, 
 326, Mosby, 278, Pettus, 288, 
 
 Polk, 329, Roman, 330, Shields, 
 242, Thompson, 276, Van Dorn, 
 334, Wilcox, 276, Willis, 335; 
 papers of Congressmen : Curry, 
 
 33, Johnson, 34, Rives, 34, Tyler, 
 35, Wigfall, 35; papers of naval offi ¬ 
 cers : Jones, 356, Maury, 366; pa- 
 pers of officials: Bledsoe, 89, 
 Breckinridge, 139, Davis, 67, De 
 Leon, 89, Harrison, 69, Hotze, 88, 
 Mann, 77, Mason, 87, Maury, 89, 
 Stephens, 70, 71, Trenholm, 100; 
 Pickett papers, 90; records held 
 Ala. district court, 43, 
 
 Army of the Potomac, 280, Asst. 
 Treasurer Guirot, 129, British 
 Foreign Office, 369, Comptroller’s 
 letters received, 104, Confed. 
 commr. in Mexico, 90, Confed. 
 commrs. to the U.S., 86, copy of 
 Permanent Constitution, 4, cus¬ 
 toms collector Savannah, 127, 
 
 First Auditor’s letters received, 
 
 110, laws, 6, La. district court, 
 
 49, Miss, district court, 49-50, 
 Miss., Inf., 307, muster rolls, 
 
 151, navy paymaster, 372, Post 
 
528 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Office Dept., 390, 392, 394, 
 
 396, proclamations, 7, Quarter¬ 
 master General’s Office, 160, 
 
 Red River Squadron, 362, Regis¬ 
 ter’s letters sent, 108, Secre¬ 
 tary of War letters, 139, 
 Shenandoah logbook, 370, State 
 Dept., 76-90, 339, Tennessee, 
 361, Treasurer’s receipts, 101, 
 Treasury Dept., 93, 99, Va. 
 Cavalry, 311-312, Va., Inf., 312 
 U.S. Library of Congress, Map 
 Division, maps held by, 208, 209 
 U.S. Library of Congress, Rare 
 Book Room, Confederate docu¬ 
 ments, 19; copyright records : 
 
 38, Ga., 48, Miss., 50, N. C., 
 
 51 
 
 U. S. Lighthouse Board, 114 
 U.S. Marine Corps Museum, 352 
 U.S. Marine Hospital, Savannah, 
 258 
 
 U. S. Military Academy Library, 
 Early papers, 275; maps held 
 by, 208 
 
 U.S. Military Secretary's Office, 
 
 U. S. War Department, pre¬ 
 pares Confederate Congress 
 journal, 18 
 
 U. S. Naval Academy, Lt. W. H. 
 
 Parker a graduate of, 378 
 U. S. Naval Academy Museum, 
 Pemberton papers, 264 
 U.S. Navy, 337, 339, 354; block¬ 
 ading vessels, 114; Miss. River 
 fleet, 362; off Apalachicola, 45; 
 seizes Southern ships, 122; 
 withdraws from Norfolk, 380 
 U.S. Navy Department, 370; 
 acquires naval records, 339, 
 
 341; Naval History Division, 341, 
 354; Naval War Records Office, 
 339; Office of Naval Records 
 and Library, 339-341; Ordnance 
 Bureau, 347 
 
 U.S. Office of the Chief of Engi¬ 
 neers, 336; map files, 207-208 
 U.S. Office of the Chief of Ord¬ 
 nance, 221 
 
 U.S. Office of the Commissary 
 General of Prisoners, prison 
 records, 248, 256 
 U. S. Office of Indian Affairs, 210, 
 
 214 
 
 U.S. Office of the Secretary of War, 
 Record Division, 248 
 U.S. Paymaster General, 248, 389 
 U. S. Pension Office, 404 
 U. S. Postmaster General, 414 
 U.S. Post Office Department, 388, 
 389, 391 
 
 U. S. Quartermaster General’s 
 Office, investigates claims, 414; 
 map file, 208 
 
 U.S. Record and Pension Office, 
 muster rolls loaned to, 145; pre¬ 
 pares journal of Confederate 
 Congress, 18; Publication Branch, 
 420; to compile roster, 404 
 U. S. Second Auditor, 248 
 U.S. Second Comptroller, 102 
 U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 75, 
 76 
 
 U. S. Secretary of War, 388; author¬ 
 ized to publish war records, 419; 
 recommends roster, 404; report 
 to on Confederate archives, 414; 
 requested to transmit copy of 
 Confederate Congress journal, 18 
 U.S. Secretary of War's Office, 
 Confederate Archives Division, 
 419; Record Division, Archive 
 Branch, 414 
 
 U.S. Senate, 62; Committee on 
 Printing, 404; High Court of Im¬ 
 peachment, 53; publishes journal 
 of Confederate Congress, 18 
 U.S. Solicitor of the Treasury, 102 
 U.S. Southern Claims Commission, 
 404, 414 
 
 U. S. Southern Superintendency of 
 Indian Affairs, 212 
 U.S. State Department, 342, 380; 
 records, 80 
 
 U. S. Steam Engineering Bureau, 
 Navy Department, 349 
 U.S. Supreme Court, 36, 64 
 U.S. Surgeon General’s Office, 171 
 U.S. Treasury Department, 47, 76, 
 93, 99, 102, 120, 122, 206, 373; 
 Cotton Bur. records received by, 
 292; investigates claims, 414; 
 records held by : James River 
 Squadron, 345, Navy, 341; special 
 agents, 93, 116, 132; transfers 
 records to the Office of Naval 
 
INDEX 
 
 529 
 
 Records and Library, 339, 348 
 U.S. War Department, 95, 112, 
 
 260, 313; Archive Office : 13, 17, 
 47, 93, 291, 388, 404, transfers 
 Surgeon General’s Office re¬ 
 cords, 171; buys State Dept, 
 records, 76; compiled records, 
 171, 404, 410; copies Confederate 
 letters, 136; Davis’ papers sent 
 to, 65; examines Confederate 
 archives, 414; gives up Davis’ 
 corresp., 65; indexes prepared 
 by, 251, 419; records, 405; 
 records held by Navy Dept., 341; 
 records lent to, 249; records 
 received by : Army officers’ 
 papers, 405, 415-418, battle re¬ 
 ports, 415, Confederate maps, 
 207, Congress, 13, 17, con¬ 
 scription service, 238, Ga. 
 district court, 47, Post Office 
 Dept., 388, Trans-Mississippi 
 Dept., 291, Treasury Dept., 93; 
 records shipped to, 206, 413; 
 reference files compiled by, 
 
 419; Secretary of War’s letter 
 book, 135; transfers records to 
 the Office of Naval Records and 
 Library, 339; uses rosters, 148 
 U. S. War Records Office, 144, 
 
 256, 263; compiles Official 
 Records . . . Armies , 414, 419- 
 420; copies Confederate papers, 
 415, 418 
 
 Undertakers, 349, 412 
 Uniforms, Army, 157; Navy, 344 
 Union, Va., 244 
 
 Union blockader, captures Cornu- 
 bia , 373 
 
 Union City, Tenn., 261 
 Union forces, approach : Kinston, 
 376, Macon, 228, Mobile, 360; 
 capture cotton, 115; control 
 Miss. River, 167, 290, 362; 
 destroy records, 92; land north 
 of Norfolk, 380; places occupied 
 by, 208; occupy : areas in the 
 South, 393, Ark., 289, Baton 
 Rouge, 221, Chester, S.C., 3, 
 coast, 114, Fort Smith, 213, 
 
 Holly Springs, 224, Huntsville, 
 43, La., 289, N. Mex., 296, 
 Pensacola Navy Yard, 382, 
 
 Savannah, 258, Selma, 385 
 Union officers, forward records, 
 
 339 
 
 Union provost marshals, 47, 236, 
 
 411 
 
 Union shipping, Tallahassee’s 
 cruise against, 353 
 Union soldiers, applications for 
 pensions, 414; deaths, 192; 
 patients at Danville General 
 Hospital, 192; relief, 70 
 Union Springs, Ala., hospital, 184 
 Union Theological Seminary Library, 
 Dabney papers, 277 
 Union whaling fleet, attacked by the 
 Shenandoah , 368 
 Unionists, Tex., 298 
 United Daughters of the Confederacy, 
 Florida Division, 406 
 United States, arsenals, 218; census 
 of 1860, 15; citizens imprisoned 
 in Richmond, 281; Confederate 
 agents in, 152; confiscation of 
 Confederate property, 39, 61; 
 consuls, 73; controls : Indian 
 country, 211, Mississippi River, 
 398, Mo. andKy., 15; criminal law, 
 37; currency in Confederacy, 37; 
 customs collectors, 122, 127; 
 customs service, 104; forts, 208; 
 laws, 11; lighthouse system, 114; 
 medicines imported from, 178; 
 merchant ships, 80, 367, 368; 
 military hospitals, 404; military 
 prisons, 73, 87; militiamen, 9; 
 minister in France, 365; postage, 
 108; postal service property, 391; 
 postmasters, 109; property 
 seized, 5, 97, 420; raids on from 
 Canada, 73, 150; shipping damage, 
 365; threat of war against Eng¬ 
 land, 365; vessels : captured by 
 Confederates, 40, on the Miss. 
 River, 361, records re, 410; 
 withdraws troops from Indian 
 country, 210. See also Enemy, 
 Federal forces. North, Union 
 forces 
 
 United States, C.S.S., 370, 380, 
 
 381 
 
 University Hospital, Oxford, Miss., 
 186 
 
 University of the South Library, 
 
530 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Polk papers, 329 
 Upson, Columbus, 59 
 Utilities, 138 
 
 Utility companies, 98, 410, 411 
 
 Vaccinations, 188, 195, 196, 197, 
 256 
 
 Valentine Museum, court-martial 
 record, 151; Hampton papers, 
 
 275; maps, 209; records held by : 
 court-martial record, 151, 
 Quartermaster General’s Office, 
 160, Railroad Bureau telegrams, 
 166 
 
 Vallandigham, Clement L., 73 
 Valley District, Army of Northern 
 Virginia, 276; Department of 
 Northern Virginia, 272, 273, 
 
 322 
 
 Valor, 146, 147 
 
 Van Benthuysen, Alfred C., 353 
 Van Buren, Ark., 212; district 
 court seat, 44; Federal occupa¬ 
 tion, 44 
 
 Vance, William R., 395 
 Vance, Zebulon B,, 236, 258 
 Vanderbilt University, 67 
 Van Dorn, Earl, 289, 299, 333, 
 
 362 
 
 Van Horne, John, 397 
 
 Van Zandt, Nicholas H., 375 
 
 Vatican, mission to, 72, 77, 78, 
 
 88 
 
 Vaughan, JohnC., 418 
 Vehicles, 163 
 
 Velasco, Tex., 311; hospital, 191 
 Venable, Andrew R., 279 
 Venable, Charles S., 279 
 Venable, Nathaniel E., 352 
 Vera Cruz, Mexico, commercial 
 agent, 73; despatches from, 79, 
 90 
 
 Vessels, 293; applications for let¬ 
 ters of marque, 83; arrivals : 
 
 96, Charleston, 131, Mobile, 
 
 123, New Orleans, 127; bonds, 
 
 130, 131-132; British, 85, 393; 
 chartered by the Army, 160; 
 clearances: 84, 96, Charleston, 
 
 131, Mobile, 123; coastwise, 131; 
 control of, 260; crew lists, 122; 
 documents, 122; engaged in 
 foreign trade, 104; enrollments: 
 
 Mobile, 124, New Orleans, 128; 
 entry papers for Mobile, 123; 
 foreign, 123, 124, 127, 131; 
 
 French, 393; licenses : Charles¬ 
 ton, 131, Mobile, 124; light money 
 paid, 114; merchant, 83; records 
 re , 412; sailing, 410; trading, 343. 
 See also Boats, Registers of 
 vessels. Ships 
 Vest, George G., 28 
 Vice President, corresp., 66; 
 elected, 9; electors, 7, 14; 
 inauguration, 15; laws given to, 6; 
 presides over Senate, 19. See 
 also Stephens, Alexander H. 
 Vicksburg, Miss., artillery officer 
 at, 324; attempt of U. S. fleet 
 against, 362; campaign, 319; 
 engineers at, 324; fall of, 49, 70; 
 maps, 305; ordnance officer, 325; 
 ordnance works, 219; paroled 
 prisoners from, 234; prisoner 
 exchange point, 234, 235; quarter¬ 
 master at, 164; siege, 263; Van 
 Dorn serves at, 333 
 Vidaurri, Santiago, 73 
 Views, defenses, 208 
 Vignaud, Henri, 88 
 Villepigue, John B., 270 
 Vinet, John B., 264 
 Virginia, 114; admitted to Confeder¬ 
 acy, 9; arrival of companies in, 
 150; Barron serves in, 355; 
 battlefields, 205, 230; camps in, 
 309, 326; chief commissary, 168; 
 chief war tax collectors, 27, 116, 
 117; coal mining, 243; comman¬ 
 dant of conscripts, 241, 242; 
 commissary depots, 168; commis¬ 
 sary supplies purchased in, 170; 
 commr. to, 9; conscription serv¬ 
 ice, 240, 241-242; county maps, 
 208, 209; Davis tried in, 64; 
 defenses, 313; depositaries, 133; 
 district court, 56; Early’s cam¬ 
 paigns in, 279; election returns, 
 
 32; Engineer Corps, 206; engineer 
 officers, 207; field transporta¬ 
 tion, 162; general hospitals, 175; 
 general of reserves, 303; Gregg’s 
 brigade in, 321; impressment law 
 violated, 29; inspector of con¬ 
 scripts, 241; iron agent, 346; 
 
INDEX 
 
 531 
 
 iron furnaces, 243; iron manu¬ 
 facture, 346; Lee commands 
 forces of, 313; limestone works, 
 243; local defense forces, 148; 
 mail contracts, 394; mail routes, 
 394; maps of military campaigns, 
 277; medical director of hospi¬ 
 tals, 173; medical purveyor, 178; 
 military commands in, 261; 
 military hospitals, 170, 174, 175, 
 191-204; military organizations, 
 173, 409; military service re¬ 
 cords, 407, 409; militia, 28; 
 muster rolls, 145; naval defen¬ 
 ses, 340, 342, 354, 356, 365, 
 
 380; niter and mining service, 
 
 244; niter works, 243; number 
 of Representatives, 15; officers 
 serve in: Anderson, 314, 
 
 Branch, 316, Clingman, 318, 
 Dawson, 319, Graham, 320, 
 
 Hill, 321, Jones, 323, Lane, 
 
 333, Lee, S. D., 324, Lippitt, 
 324, McDonald, 325, Pender, 
 
 328, Thompson, 333, Walker, 
 
 334, Walton, 334; ordnance 
 works, 216; Produce Loan agent, 
 115; provisional army, 313; pro¬ 
 visions obtained in, 347; quarter¬ 
 master purchasing officer, 153; 
 quartermaster records re, 276; 
 records of troops, 311-312; 
 regimental officers, 147, 148; 
 reserve forces, 241, 311, 312; 
 river defenses, 340; river 
 obstructions, 340; sales of pro¬ 
 perty, 98; secession ordinance, 
 
 5; State Capitol, 19, 23; State 
 Navy, 340, 364, 380; Stephens 
 commr. to, 69; surgeons in, 
 
 315, 325; surveying parties, 205; 
 tax-in-kind estimates, 118, 167; 
 tax returns, 118; Tenn. Inf. in, 
 310; Treasury Dept, field offices, 
 133; Union invasion, 364; volun¬ 
 teers, 174, 313, 323, 324; volun¬ 
 teers sent to, 301; Western : 
 Imboden in, 322, no Confederate 
 postal service in, 392, opera¬ 
 tions in, 313; prisoners from, 
 
 281, Reynolds in, 330, Taliaferro 
 in, 332 
 
 Virginia , C.S.S., burned, 354; 
 
 construction, 342, 349; destruc¬ 
 tion, 343; patent, 403; plans, 350, 
 351; records re, 369 
 Virginia H, C.S.S., 354, 383 
 Virginia Baptist Historical Society 
 Library, Curry papers, 33 
 Virginia Central Railroad, 282, 390 
 Virginia Civil War Centennial Com¬ 
 mission, 274 
 
 Virginia Historical Society, 339; 
 diaries : Cleary, 113, Minor, 380; 
 maps held by, 208; papers held by : 
 Chisolm, 33, Tremlett, 90; 
 papers of Army officers: Ander¬ 
 son, 275, Claiborne, 170, Conrad, 
 278, Early, 275, Ewell, 275, 
 Fentress, 243, Johnston, 277, 
 
 Lee, G. W. C., 69, Lee, R. E., 
 274, McClellan, 279, McGuire, 
 
 178, Mason, 277, Northrop, 170, 
 Patton, 279, Ruffin, 170, Smith, 
 242, Stuart, 276, Venable, 279; 
 papers of naval officers : Maury, 
 366, Minor, 355, 383, Tennent, 
 360; papers of officials : Davis, 
 
 68; papers of surgeons : Claiborne, 
 
 277, Holloway, 321; records held 
 by : account book of Archer, 218, 
 Army of the West, 299, Canby- 
 Smith surrender agreement, 293, 
 copyright, 58, Dept, of Miss, and 
 E. La. general orders, 264, 
 Georgia logbook, 370, Petersburg 
 hospital, 194, plans of the Vir ¬ 
 ginia , 351, Talbott & Bros., 347 
 
 Virginia Mechanics’ Institute, 138 
 Virginia Military Institute, 275,. 347 
 Virginia State Armory, Richmond, 
 Va., 230 
 
 Virginia State Library, Archives 
 Division, diaries : Boulware, 277, 
 Forrest, 371; Forrest papers, 
 
 355, 381; Hunter papers, 77; 
 maps held by, 209; military serv¬ 
 ice records, 407, 409; papers of 
 Army officers : Beauregard, 315, 
 Crenshaw, 318, Garnett, J. M., 
 
 278, Garnett, R. B., 275, Hill, 
 
 321, Jackson, 275, Kennon, 279, 
 Lee, 67, 68, 274, Loring, 267, 
 
 325, Mosby, 278, Pendleton, 276; 
 papers of Chaplain Dabney, 277; 
 papers of Surgeon Bolton, 277; 
 
532 
 
 INDEX 
 
 personal papers : Baker, J, M., 
 34, Crump, 197, James, 245; 
 records held by : Asheville 
 Armory record book, 219, Ex¬ 
 change Bur. letters sent, 236, 
 roster of midshipmen, 379, 
 Ruffin’s testimony, 19, Sommer- 
 ville’s diary, 193, Tredegar 
 Iron Works, 218, 246, 347, Va. 
 district court, 58, Va. Engineer 
 Dept., 207, Va. Inf., 312, 
 Western Dept, medical director, 
 177, Wythe County tax declara¬ 
 tion, 118 
 
 Virginia University, hospital at, 
 
 191; Mallet a faculty member, 
 
 227 
 
 Virginia University Library, maps 
 held by, 209; papers of Army 
 officers : Berkeley, 315, Champ- 
 neys, 285, Claiborne, 194, 
 
 Cocke, 280, Cooke, 278, 
 
 Douglas, H. K., 278, Douglas, 
 
 H. T., 277, Early, 275, 
 
 Feilden, 285, 319, Garnett, 278, 
 Heth, 321, Hotchkiss, 278, 
 Hunter, 203, Imboden, 249, 275, 
 Kemper, 312, Mallet, 227, 
 
 Mosby, 278, Norris, 152, 236, 
 Rosser, 276, Turner, 194; 
 papers of chaplains : Dabney, 
 
 277, Watts, 277; papers of Dan¬ 
 ville postmaster, 399; papers of 
 W. L. Maury, 365, 371; papers 
 of officials : Bledsoe, 89, 140, 
 Davis, 68, Hunter, 34, 77, 
 
 Kean, 140, Randolph, 139, 
 Stephens, 71, Thompson, 89; 
 personal papers : Read, 403, 
 Rives, 34; records held by : 
 Cary’s journal, 370, Green’s 
 diary, 371, Hanover Junction 
 hospital, 193, list of Confeder¬ 
 ate prisoners, 189,- Mobile Naval 
 Hospital, 378, register of 
 patients, 380, Tredegar Iron 
 Works, 246, Va. Inf., 312 
 
 Volck, Frederick, 345 
 
 Volunteering, 237 
 
 Volunteers, accounts, 139; Ga., 
 
 305; Ky., 408; La., 306; Miss., 
 323, 331; Mo., 292; recruiting, 
 301;S.C., 6th, 277; Texas, 4th, 
 
 319; to be organized by the Presi¬ 
 dent, 145 
 
 Von Borcke, Heros, 237 
 Von Fischer, A., 345 
 Von Sheilika, Victor, 267 
 Vore, Israel G., 212 
 Vowles, D. W., 252, 281 
 
 W. W. Townes , 206 
 Wachusett, U. S.S., 366, 368 
 Waddell, Alfred M., 334 
 Waddell, James D., 155 
 Waddell, James I., 340, 368, 370, 
 371, 372 
 
 Wadley, William M., 164, 165, 209, 
 227 
 
 Wadsworth, James D,, 76, 78 
 Wadsworth, Mrs. James D., 76 
 Wagner, C. G., 229 
 Wagons, 216, 261; quartermasters 
 to report on, 162 
 Waldo, Fla., 65 
 Walker, George E., 209 
 Walker, John G., 296, 298, 334 
 Walker, John J., 168 
 Walker, Leroy P., 134, 139, 151 
 Walker, Norman S., 74, 78, 79, 
 
 134, 218 
 
 Walker, Richard W., 2 
 Walker, William H. T., 334 
 Walker General Hospital, Columbus, 
 Ga., 183 
 
 Wallace, Jesse G., 53 
 Waller, Richard P., 158 
 Walsh, Charles, 124 
 Walter, Harvey W,, 334 
 Walthall, Edward C., 287, 418 
 Walthall, William T., 65, 69 
 Walton, James B., 334 
 War, Bureau of. War Department, 
 established, 136; letters sent, 136, 
 137 
 
 War, declaration, 10; House Select 
 Committee on the Joint Resolution 
 Relating to the, 28 
 War claims commission, reports, 
 
 410 
 
 War Department, accounts, 96, 99, 
 111, 139; administration, 136; 
 agents, 103, 409; announces ap¬ 
 pointments of judges, 142; 
 bureaus : letters sent, 17, 137, 
 letters to, 206, reports, 136; 
 
INDEX 
 
 533 
 
 collects railroad iron, 209; 
 contingent expenses, 98; con¬ 
 tracts, 103, 246; corresp., 66, 
 340; disbursements, 99; dis¬ 
 bursing officers, 101; employees, 
 139, 409; established, 9, 134; 
 expenses, 101; letters sent, 67, 
 85, 420; letters to, 68, 420; 
 munitions for, 74; officials : 
 bonds, 103, letters sent, 141, 
 
 156, letters to, 137, 141, 156, 
 
 242, 259; operates gun foundry 
 at Selma, 384; operations, 136; 
 organization, 134; procurement 
 agents, 134, 216; procurement 
 officers, 168; records, 135, 404, 
 405, 414, 421; reports, 18; tele¬ 
 grams to, 67, 274, 420; to 
 issue passes to foreigners, 74 
 War of the Rebellion . See Official 
 Records of the Union and Confed ¬ 
 erate Armies 
 
 War supplies, imported, 216, 365; 
 purchase, 94 
 
 War Tax, House Special Commit¬ 
 tee on, 26 
 
 War Tax Collectors in Virginia, 
 House Special Committee To 
 Investigate the Chief, 27 
 War taxes, collection, 94, 97; 
 
 collectors, 26, 102, 103, 116 
 Ward, George W., 49 
 Ward, William H., 368 
 Ware, James A., 54 
 Ware, Thomas R., 340, 377 
 Warehouse bonds, 104, 123, 126 
 Warehouses, leased by the Army, 
 160; Lynchburg, 194; municipal, 
 115 
 
 Warley, Alexander F., 340 
 Warley, F. F., 254 
 Warm Springs, Va., hospital, 203 
 Warner, James H., 375, 376 
 Warrants, Treasury, 82, 92, 95, 
 96, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 
 107, 108, no, 113, 120, 122, 130, 
 139, 398 
 
 Warships, efforts to obtain in 
 France, 73, 99 
 Warwick Bar, 206 
 Washburn, C. P., 135 
 Washington, George, 7 
 Washington, Lucius Q., 72 
 
 Washington, T. A., 154 
 Washington, Ark., becomes capital, 
 44; Produce Loan agent, 115 
 Washington, D.C., 3; Bromwell 
 
 moves to, 75; Confederate commrs. 
 to, 86; Confederate records 
 shipped to : 413, Congress, 13, 17, 
 Davis’papers, 65, Engineer Bur., 
 206, Inspector General of Field 
 Transportation, 163, Navy Dept., 
 338, Pay Bureau, 161, prisons, 
 
 248, Quartermaster General’s 
 Office, 155-156, Railroad Bureau, 
 165, sequestration receiver of 
 Ga., 47, State Dept., 76, Sur¬ 
 geon General’s Office, 170, Trans- 
 Miss. Dept., 291, Treasury Dept., 
 92, War Dept., 135; French min¬ 
 ister in, 84; Phillips an attorney 
 in, 65; Post office Dept, agent to, 
 389; provost marshals in, 411; 
 Washington, Ga., Davis leaves, 64; 
 Davis’ papers left at, 65; Treas¬ 
 ury Dept, records abandoned in, 
 
 92 
 
 Washington , revenue cutter, 123 
 Washington and Lee University Li¬ 
 brary, Lee papers, 274 
 Washington Artillery Battalion, 301, 
 306, 334 
 
 Washington County, Tex., 53 
 Washington County, Va., salt pro¬ 
 curement in, 28 
 
 Washington National Records Center, 
 district court records : N. C., 50, 
 51, Tenn., 53, Va., 57 
 Washington University Library, 71, 
 
 378 
 
 Washington’s Headquarters Museum, 
 383 
 
 Washita River, 214 
 
 Wasp, C.S.S., 383 
 
 Wassaw Sound, Ga., 352 
 
 Water Witch, C.S.S., 358, 360 
 
 Watie, Stand, 211, 214, 296 
 
 Watkins, Henry C., 335 
 
 Watson, John W. C., 20, 23, 49 
 
 Watson, William M., 50 
 
 Watts, N. G., 234 
 
 Watts, Robert W., 277 
 
 Watts, Thomas H., 400, 401 
 
 Wayne, Richard A., 258 
 
 Ways and Means, Committee on, 12; 
 
534 
 
 INDEX 
 
 House Standing Committee on, 
 
 25 
 
 Wayside Hospital, Montgomery, 
 Ala., 181 
 
 Wayside Hospital, Richmond, Va., 
 199 
 
 Wayt, JohnH., 167, 169 
 
 Weaver, William, 246 
 
 Webb, William A., 340, 357, 358 
 
 Weems, John B., 240 
 
 Weer, William, 214 
 
 Weights and measures, standard, 
 
 10 
 
 Weitzel, Godfrey, 413 
 Welch, Spencer G., 279 
 Weldon, N. C., 396 
 Wellford, Beverly R., Jr., 136, 
 
 140 
 
 Wells, Bazaleel, 414 
 Wells, Richard, 205 
 Welsh, Israel, 24, 26, 29, 30 
 West, C. W., 121 
 West, John A. A., 264 
 West, JohnC., 53 
 West, represented on Davis’ staff, 
 63 
 
 West Indies, 74; Confed. agents in, 
 99; cruise of the Alabama , 367; 
 Sumter in ports of, 83 
 West Point, Ga., 12 
 West Point, Miss., St. Mary’s 
 Hospital, 184, 186 
 West Point, Va., 279, 349, 364 
 West Virginia, campaign in, 277; 
 maps, 209 
 
 West Virginia Department of Ar¬ 
 chives and History, 407 
 West Virginia University Library, 
 papers of Army officers : Jack- 
 son, 322, Reynolds, 330; re¬ 
 cords held by: 1st Va. Cav., 311, 
 312, 2d Va. Inf., 312 
 Westcott, James D., Jr., 44 
 Western Department, 265, 267, 
 269-270, 300-301; Bragg comdr., 
 315; conscription in, 237, 300, 
 301, 328; medical directors, 177; 
 medical purveyor, 179; officers 
 serve in : Jackson, 322, John¬ 
 ston, 323, Pillow, 328; orders, 
 261; Polk comdr., 329 
 Western Department of Virginia, 
 265-267 
 
 Western Reserve Historical Society, 
 Davis papers, 68; papers of Army 
 officers : Beauregard, 315, Bragg, 
 280, 316, Hood, 288, Johnston, 
 288, Jones, 270, Lee, 274, 
 
 Logan, 183, McLaws, 325, Pick¬ 
 ett, 328, Polk, 329, Whiting, 271; 
 papers of surgeons : Butler, 285, 
 Carrington, 175, Stout, 176; 
 records held by : Army of the 
 Potomac, 281, Army of Tenn., 
 
 288, Dept. ofS.C., Ga. and 
 Fla., 284, Fairground Hospital 
 No. 2, Atlanta, 183, regiments, 
 303-304 
 
 marf, Va., 250 
 Wharton, John A., 418 
 Wharton County, Tex., 53 
 Wheat, 167, 347 
 
 Wheeler, Joseph, 287, 335, 418 
 Wheeling, W. Va., 57 
 Wheelwrights, 238, 412 
 Whiskey, 179 
 White, C. N., 50 
 White, George D., 335 
 White, Isaiah H., 251 
 White, James L., 215, 223, 229, 
 
 232 
 
 White, Octavius A., 335 
 White, P. W., 168 
 White River, Ark., 377 
 White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., 
 hospital, 203 
 Whitehall, N.C., 376 
 Whitfield, R. H., 252 
 Whitford, John D., 165, 166 
 Whiting, John, 105 
 Whiting, William H. C., 67, 271, 
 273, 335, 418 
 Whitner, JohnC., 12, 13 
 Whittle, William C., 367, 371, 372 
 Whittle, William C., Jr., 373 
 Wible, B. M., 288, 289 
 Wichita Indians, agency records, 
 
 213; agent to, 212; flee to Kansas, 
 211; subsistence for, 296 
 Wickham, William C., 31 
 Wigfall, Louis T., 20, 21, 22, 35, 
 
 62 
 
 Wilcox, Cadmus M., 276 
 Wilcox, Granville, 44 
 Wilcox, John A., 25 
 Wilder, G. H., 50 
 
INDEX 
 
 535 
 
 Wiley, JohnF., 56 
 Wilkinson, John, 368, 372 
 Willett, Henry, 379 
 William Aiken, revenue cutter, 123, 
 130 
 
 William H. Webb, C.S.S., 362, 
 
 386 
 
 William J. Duane, revenue cutter, 
 123 
 
 William and Mary College Library, 
 Dorsey papers, 218; maps held 
 by, 208; papers of Army officers : 
 Bright, 278, Davis, 318, Ewell, 
 275, Johnston, 288, 323, Talia¬ 
 ferro, 332; papers of naval offi ¬ 
 cers : Barron, 355, 367, 
 
 Barron, Jr., 357; papers of 
 Surgeon Burwell, 277; records 
 held by : hospital order book, 
 
 195, return of Marine Corps 
 company, 353, Va. Cavalry, 311 
 Williams, Eustace L., 378 
 Williams, G. W. M., 305 
 Williams, Henry, 46 
 Williams, Isaac B., 116 
 Williams, J. J., 300 
 Williams, James, 72, 79, 88 
 Williams, JohnS., 266 
 L. S., 115 
 T. W., 129 
 Thomas G. 
 
 Thomas H. 
 
 167 
 
 173, 175, 
 
 Williams, 
 
 Williams, 
 
 Williams, 
 
 Williams, 
 
 177, 178 
 
 Williamsburg, Va., military hos¬ 
 pitals, 203-204 
 Williamson, A. C., 75 
 Williamson, George, 291 
 Williamson, William P., 349, 350 
 Willink, Henry F., Jr., 384 
 
 Willink & Miller, 384 
 Willis, Edward (Col.), 335 
 Willis, Edward (Maj.), 335 
 Wilmington, N.C., 105, 165, 270, 
 345; blockade, 83; blockade- 
 runners, 368, 372; British vice 
 consul, 84; captured, 356, 381; 
 coal to be delivered at, 348; 
 comdr. ’s letters, 271; defense, 
 315, 335; district court seat, 50; 
 French agent, 84; gun carriages 
 supplied to vessels at, 383; 
 hospitals, 170, 188-189; imports 
 through, 346, 348; interest 
 
 payments at, 107; marine hospi¬ 
 tal, 123; Maury at, 371; medical 
 purveyor, 178; naval hospital, 
 
 349; naval officer at, 343; naval 
 storehouse, 347; payments on 
 loans, 130; port activities, 373; 
 port officer at, 343; prison hospi¬ 
 tal, 189; prisoners transferred to, 
 250; Produce Loan agent, 115; 
 shipping, 83; steamship service 
 to, 216; telegraph instruments in, 
 397; Treasury agent, 115, 116; 
 
 Van Benthuysen serves at, 353; 
 War Dept, agent, 225 
 Wilmington Naval Station, N. C., 
 
 340, 344, 376, 387; marine guard, 
 352 
 
 Wilson, Claudius C., 336 
 Wilson, J. L., 45 
 Wilson, James H., 13 
 Wilson, Jerome P., 288 
 Wilson, John A., 340, 362, 365 
 Wilson, R. T., 168 
 Wilson, N. C., 272; general hospi¬ 
 tal, 189 
 
 Winchester, Va., camp of instruc¬ 
 tion, 241; commissary, 278; 
 hospitals, 204; medical purveyor, 
 178 
 
 Winder, John H., 173, 235, 236, 247, 
 249, 250, 255, 256, 257, 268, 418 
 Winder, Richard B., 250, 251 
 Winder, W. S., 249, 250, 256 
 Winder General Hospital, Richmond, 
 Va., 179, 203 
 Winfield, John Q., 277 
 Winn, David R. E., 336 
 Winnemore, Isaac T., 153 
 Winslow , C.S.S., 356 
 Winston, Charles H., 244 
 Wirz, Henry, 251, 255, 256 
 Wisconsin State Historical Society, 
 214, 276, 298 
 
 Wise, Henry A., 268, 335, 336, 418 
 Wise County, Tex., 53 
 Withers, John, 140, 151 
 Withers, Jones M., 262, 270, 303 
 Witherspoon, Isaac D., 285 
 Witherspoon, James H., 30 
 Witnesses, 41; Tex., 55; Va., 57 
 Witt, John George, 89 
 Wollaroc Museum, Bartlesville, 
 Okla., 214 
 
536 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Women, 22, 218, 219, 231; ap¬ 
 pointed to post offices, 391 
 Wood, D. H., 231 
 Wood, John Taylor, 63, 64, 69, 
 
 340, 353, 357, 365, 368 
 Wood, Sterling A. M,, 336 
 Wood, W. H., 173 
 Wood, William B., 266, 267 
 Woodbury, Tenn., 250 
 Woodstock, Va., commissary, 278 
 Woodward, George L., 291 
 Wool, JohnE., 235 
 Wool, 166 
 
 Woolen goods, issues, 160 
 Woolen mills, 375 
 Wortham, George, 336 
 Wren, William, 240 
 Wrenn, B. Weliord, 397 
 Wrenshall, JohnC., 336 
 Wright, Augustus R., 25, 27, 35, 
 336 
 
 Wright, Howard C., 336 
 Wright, M. H., 220, 223, 229, 286 
 Wright, Marcus J., 340, 415, 418 
 Wright, Richard B., 383 
 Wright, William A., 105 
 Wymberley Jones De Renne Georgia 
 Library, 4, 67 
 
 Wythe County, Va., 244, 245; lead 
 mines, 245; tax declarations, 
 
 118 
 
 Wytheville, Va., district court 
 sessions, 57; niter and mining 
 dist. hdqrs., 244 
 
 Yadkin , C.S.S., 356, 387 
 Yale University Library, papers of 
 Army officers : Beauregard, 
 
 315, Burton, 226; papers of 
 officials: Campbell, 139, Davis, 
 68 
 
 Yancey, William L., 21, 22, 35, 
 
 72, 77, 78, 87, 360 
 Yandell, David W., 177 
 Yandell Hospital, Meridian, Miss., 
 186 
 
 Yazoo City, Miss., 387 
 Yazoo City Naval Station, Miss., 
 340, 387 
 
 Yazoo County, Miss., quartermaster 
 agent, 160 
 
 Yazoo River, 129, 362, 387 
 Yonge, Chandler C., 44, 45, 46, 
 
 167 
 
 York River, naval batteries, 364 
 York River Railroad, 282 
 Yorktown, Va., naval battery, 364 
 Young, Bennett G., 73, 90 
 Young, Howard H., 402 
 Young, John W., 264 
 Young, William H., 126 
 Youths, 30 
 
 Zacharie, J. W., 83 
 Zinc, 244, 346 
 
 Zollicoffer, Felix K., 261, 265, 
 
 266, 267 
 
 • US COViaNMCNT ^IIMTINC orricc 
 
T "-.,1 
 
 
 
 
 INOL'>: 
 
 ul 
 
 <•-' ‘‘O ; 
 
 - • - -r^ 
 
 "l' I 
 
 WlWMN^ U 3»« 
 
 EJDI :itr^l^ 
 
 Wr»; '\ ; I >r ^ SO. 
 
 liC. 4*#, 
 
 k 
 
 ^ • 
 
 • «« 4 
 
 V/‘^» Sirl iw.3 ,A 
 
 .1 
 
 13 c 
 
 iMa. r s, s, , ^e<5. sav ^ ^ 
 
 aie t ; i r<iily 
 
 Anay Kiii,^Gr%' wl^p-r^aiu 4 
 ekii-tift, ?20; ptsp^i i cijtr. ^ 
 
 ^^iicuU; I3S^iv- , 
 
 f -- 
 
 
 ^r. a , sta 
 
 •'!'••.*» L , il« 22, 35 , 
 
 W 4 «>wuuut. a., ‘^1 
 
 1 
 
 $ . 60 ■ 
 
 
 tv« 
 
 .AV irt w . m 
 
 Wjsw^ifof! f^draKutl -"y. 
 
 t’nMl 
 
 ' MVtiKtfaHv Ml*'- 
 
 C ^'V2< ^ -- 
 
 J*y.< 
 
 • 
 
 V. . --«r r:,. W 
 
 '■ ■t’.’-'^. ■ 
 
 ""f ' 
 
 ‘Uy, 1 
 
 k 
 
 y A 
 
 % 
 
 I * 
 
 #* M5% 4 
 
 - ^ • 
 ki * %* 
 
 riS^t 
 
 ^VrMU t* ^^01 ^ 
 
 Wi »iyUi I “. " 
 
 A < A £ — . A • ^ 1 ^ jr 
 
 334 
 
 'S^ 
 
 Wri^VU ' ll® 
 
 •V:‘gh?,'I'v, **^ ■ •’ ^ '>' 
 
 vv.-.v M. :<., 120 . . ?M 
 V ';a , M^l C'*^ (?♦ 0 -310 iV» 
 -;‘-»r.aIi.. - 
 
 ... : < |#i 
 
 i.»^" ^ ^ ■* 
 
 
 •V ♦'V 
 
 V > 
 
 ^; • 
 
 > t 
 
 * ‘j» • 
 
 I *J 
 
 TUKii> Clijf Hival SUUon 
 . H>1. ^ J7 . h _.. 
 
 YttJQ 0 . Mis ^ < ifuiriis n ^ 
 
 . I ^ 
 
 Vsa»- ' iven 420 ^ <^2. 037 
 Ycr/ -•:^'a»virer C. 4t 4C 
 
 i<»I, 
 
 ' Voiit'nve^ butt.’rl^ 364 
 
 '^^ RiVfr :2S2 
 
 V- rkt^^Au ”q , . '/<il ^ltei>» *'{114 
 
 YfW^iSL D€r.M»':tt O 73, 90 
 
 Yo - • H-ward H, r 402- ‘ 
 
 Yoi|' 264- 
 
 Vo«i.^ ^idUs H. W * ^ 
 
 .if> \* ’ ^ 
 
 .'■: . f lit' 
 
 ► •: 3. 
 
 .-■ .4^' ■^4<' ^ . " ; • 
 
 . 4 , ,. M H .^i *r r \ » *1. '61; ' Zl \ 
 
 " .‘3>\ 26V . 
 
 KJ 
 
 HS' 
 
 I ** 
 
 
 '■%.