THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 

EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Regents of t|c Umbersttj] of tfje State of |teh)-|ork, 
 
 ON THE CONDITION OF THE 
 
 STATE CABINET OR NATORAL HISTORY. 
 
 AND THE 
 
 HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTION ANNEXED THERETO. 
 
 // 
 
 Made to the Legislature, March 22, 1865. 
 
 ALBANY : 
 
 C. WENDELL, LEGISLATIVE PRINTER. 
 1865. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2016 
 
 https://archive.org/details/florasOOunse 
 
tide of ftto goth. 
 
 istq. 90. 
 
 1 1ST SENATE, 
 
 5 S \ r ^ AA March 22 , 1865. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 
 
 OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF 
 NEW-YORK, ON THE CONDITION OF THE STATE CABINET 
 OF NATURAL HISTORY, AND THE HISTORICAL AND ANTI- 
 QUARIAN COLLECTION ANNEXED THERETO. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK : 
 
 OFFICE OF THE REGENTS, ALBANY, MARCH 16, 1865. 
 
 To the Hon. THOMAS G. ALVORD, 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor and President of the Senate. 
 
 SIR : 
 
 I have the honor to transmit the Eighteenth Annual Report of the 
 Regents of the University, on the State Cabinet of Natural History 
 and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 
 
 I remain, very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, • 
 
 JOHN V. L. PRUYN, 
 
 Chancellor of the University . 
 
 4396ND 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 1 
 
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY, 
 
 JOHN V. L. PRUYN, LL.D., Chancellor. 
 
 GULIAN C. VERPLANCK, LL.D., Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 EX OFFICIO : 
 
 REUBEN E. FENTON, Governor. 
 
 THOMAS G. ALVORD, Lieutenant-Governor. 
 CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, Secretary of State. 
 
 VICTOR M. RICE, Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 ERASTUS CORNING. 
 
 PROSPER M. WETMORE. 
 
 GIDEON HAWLEY, LL.D. 
 
 ROBERT CAMPBELL. 
 
 SAMUEL LUCKEY, D.D. 
 
 ROBERT G. RANKIN. 
 
 ERASTUS C. BENEDICT. 
 
 GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL.D. 
 
 WILLIAM H. 
 
 ISAAC PARKS, D.D. 
 
 LORENZO BURROWS. 
 
 ROBERT S. HALE. 
 
 ELIAS W. LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 J. CARSON BREVOORT. 
 
 GEORGE R. PERKINS, LL.D. 
 ALEXANDER S. JOHNSON, LL.D. 
 GEORGE W. CURTIS. 
 
 3DWIN, D.D. 
 
 SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH, LL.D., Secretary. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE REGENTS, 
 
 Specially charged with the Care of the State Cabinet. 
 
 1865 . 
 
 The Governor (Mr. FENTON). 
 
 Mr. CORNING, Mr. CLINTON, 
 
 Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. LEAVENWORTH. 
 
 CURATOR : 
 
 EZEKIEL JEWETT, Ph.D. 
 
REPORT. 
 
 TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORIC. 
 
 The Regents of the University respectfully report : 
 
 The contents of the Cabinet are, in general, in excellent con- 
 dition. The additions to it during the past year, by gift and by 
 purchase, are set forth in the accompanying schedules. But the 
 Regents discharge a pleasing duty in making special mention of 
 the munificent donation of Charles F. Wadsworth, Esq. of Butfalo, 
 consisting of casts of fossil animals. A descriptive list, with an 
 account of the supposed habits of the most remarkable of these 
 animals, prepared by Professor Ward of the Rochester University, 
 the maker of the casts, accompanies this report. It is also due 
 to Mr. Wadsworth to mention that he paid all the expenses of 
 transportation, and of setting up, incasing and inclosing these 
 casts ; and to Professor Ward, to acknowledge the obligations of 
 the Regents to him for the taste and elegance with which they are 
 arranged. 
 
 The Circular issued last year by the Regents, inviting the aid 
 of the naturalists of the State in supplying the deficiencies of the 
 Cabinet, has produced some fruit, and promises to be productive 
 of much more. 
 
 A very large proportion of the deficiencies of the State Herba- 
 rium has been supplied, and the Regents have received valuable 
 material for a full catalogue of the Plants of the State. The names 
 of the contributors to the Herbarium, and the general nature of 
 their contributions, are added in a schedule. We are glad, however, 
 to notice the fact that the venerable Chester Dewey, that excel- 
 lent gentleman and distinguished caricographer, has contributed 
 a large number of the Carices of the State. This gift imparts to 
 the Herbarium a new and peculiar value. We also mention, that 
 as the foundation of a collection of our Mosses, Mr. Charles H. 
 
6 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS, 
 
 Peck of Albany has presented the Herbarium with excellent spe- 
 cimens of 144 native species, all collected by himself. It is esti- 
 mated that the whole number of mosses growing within the State 
 does not exceed 250. A list of those presented by Mr. Peck forms 
 one of the schedules of this Report. 
 
 The Rev. John A. Paine jun., at present of Utica, has prepared 
 a most interesting Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida county and 
 of several neighboring counties, with valuable notes as to the 
 habits and stations of the rarer ones. We do a service to science 
 in annexing the catalogue to our report. 
 
 In the Class Book of Botany by Professor Wood, the Schizm 
 pusilla of Pursh is attributed, on the authority of Timothy Wet- 
 more, to the western part of the State. Mr. AVYtmore, who died 
 several years ago, was distinguished as an agricultural writer, and 
 his death was a loss to literature and science. His herbarium was 
 collected while pursuing his education in 1841 - 43, with no in- 
 structor in botany and no reliable books. The family of Mr. Wet- 
 more kindly submitted his herbarium to the inspection of one of 
 our number, and gave the three specimens therein, labelled by him 
 Schizcea pusilla , to the Herbarium of the State : they are a Bo- 
 trychium ; probably a mere form of Botrychium virginicum. They 
 will be authentically labelled by Professor Daniel C. Eaton of 
 Yale College, and then placed in the Herbarium. 
 
 A necessarily imperfect list of the plants found growing spon- 
 taneously in the State since the publication of the Catalogue of 
 1853, and not included therein, and lists of coast plants found 
 growing in and about the Onondaga lake and on the shores of 
 Lake Erie, and of some plants not found in the State, but so near 
 it as to justify the expectation that they exist within it, are hereto 
 appended in a paper entitled “Facts and Observations touching 
 the Flora of the State.” 
 
 The Herbarium of the State Cabinet, which, as an accompani- 
 ment of its Flora by Dr. Torrey, cannot be overvalued — ought to 
 be most carefully preserved. The Regents have taken measures to 
 have it put in a proper case, where it will be secure from dust, 
 from insects, and from the injuries attendant upon careless hand- 
 ling. 
 
 The Herbarium of the late Lewis C. Beck, now the property of 
 the State, is rich in plants of the West, of the South Pacific Ocean, 
 and of Europe and the Indies. It is rich also in the labels of 
 Muhlenbergh, and of many eminent botanists o£ this country and 
 
ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 7 
 
 of Europe. This herbarium will also be put in order, and secured 
 in a proper case. 
 
 The Regents hope also to be able, during the present year, to 
 commence a General Herbarium; one which will admit within it 
 the plants of all climes and countries. 
 
 The Regents find much difficulty in initiating effective measures 
 for the formation of a collection expressive of the economic geo- 
 logy of the State, in consequence of the want of an adequate 
 appropriation for the purpose. For this they must rely on the wise 
 liberality of the Legislature. 
 
 It is hoped that by the voluntary aid of Entomologists, the 
 the Regents may be able during the current year to commence a 
 collection of the Insects of the State, and especially of those which 
 are injurious to the farmer, the horticulturist and the forest. 
 
 In the Natural History of New-York, Hr. Dekay mentions that 
 the Great White Pelican ( Pelecanus trachyrhincus) was once abun- 
 dant in portions of the State, but had, as he believed, wholly dis- 
 appeared. It is therefore worthy of record that one of these birds 
 was killed, last May, on the Seneca lake. 
 
 The Regents note with pleasure the fact that the State Cabinet 
 has been visited the past year by unprecedented numbers of people, 
 and has, they believe, yielded more pleasure and instruction than 
 at any previous period. It reflects honor upon the State ; and its 
 importance to science, and its healthful influence upon the public 
 seem to demand our most strenuous efforts to enlarge and perfect 
 its collections. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 By Order of the Regents. 
 
 JOHN Y. L. PRUYN, 
 
 Chancellor of the University . 
 

APPENDIX. 
 
CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. 
 
 A. Additions to the State Cabinet during 1864 : 
 
 1. By donation; 
 
 2. By purchase. 
 
 B. Description of the Wadsworth Gallery of Casts of Fossil Animals : By 
 
 Prof. Henry A. Ward, Bochester. 
 
 C. Catalogue of Plants found in Oneida county and vicinity : By John 
 
 A. Paine. 
 
 D. Catalogue of Mosses : By Charles H. Peck. 
 
 E. Facts and Observations touching the Flora of the State of New-York : 
 
 By one of the Begents. 
 
 F. Besults of Meteorological Observations : 
 
 1. Meteorological Synopsis for 1864 : By J. B. Trembley, To- 
 
 ledo, Ohio ; 
 
 2. Abstract of Observations for 1864 : By David Johnson, 
 
 Newbury, Vermont. 
 
 3. Annual Abstracts for 1863 and 1864, Union Hall Academy, 
 
 Jamaica, L.I. : By John N. Brinckerhoff ; 
 
 4. Besults for 1864, and for 28 years now ended : By Chester 
 
 Dewey, D.D., Bochester. 
 
 G. Contributions to Palaeontology : By James Hall. 
 
 1. Account of some new or little known species of Fojril; from 
 
 rocks of the age of the Niagara group, with Observations on 
 the geographical distribution of the species of this epoch, etc. 
 
 2. Observations on the Genus Streptorhynchus, continued 
 
 from the Sixteenth Beport. 
 
 3. On the Genus Strophodonta. 
 
 4. On the Genus Chonetes, with a list of the species known in 
 
 the New-York formations. 
 
 5. On the Genera Productus, Strophalosia, Aulosteges and 
 
 Productella. 
 
 6. On the Genus Tropidoleptus. 
 
 7. On the Genus ErciiWALDiA. 
 
 8. Miscellaneous. 
 
 9. Introduction to the Study of the Graptc:.tt:d^e, with a list 
 
 of the species known in the Palaeozoic formations of Canada 
 and the United States. 
 
 10. Index to geological and palaeontological subjects in the Beports 
 on the State Cabinet. 
 
( JL.) 
 
 ADDITIONS TO THE STATE CABINET DURING 1864. 
 
 I. By donation. 
 
 I. To the Zoological Department. 
 
 From Hon. A. S. JOHNSON, Albany. 
 
 A remarkably fine pair of Deer’s ( Cervus virginianus) horns. 
 
 From the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 
 
 Menopoma alleghaniensis. One specimen, alive. 
 
 II. To the Botanical Department . 
 
 From Rev. CHESTER DEWEY, D.D., Rochester. 
 
 An invaluable package of Carices. 
 
 From the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 
 
 A package of Plants. 
 
 From Rev. JOHN A. PAINE Junior, Utica. 
 
 A package of Plants. 
 
 From Rev. L. HOLZER, Rochester. 
 
 A package of Plants, with many valuable suggestions. It probably con- 
 tains one or two species not before found in this State ; but the deter- 
 mination of the question cannot be made a # t present. 
 
 From T. F. ALLEN, M.D., Nevv-York. 
 
 A large and very interesting package of Plants. Dr. Allen has done 
 much for Botany in this State, as this package proves ; and promises 
 to be a still larger contributor to our State Flora. 
 
 From Miss RHODA WATERBURY, Schoharie. 
 
 Some fine specimens of Plants, beautifully prepared. 
 
 From ELLIOTT C. HOWE, M.D., Fort-Edward. 
 
 Some specimens of Plants. 
 
 From Prof. E. J. PICKETT, People’s College. 
 
 Specimens of Duvillea rupestris, Sull’t, a species of Marchantiaceac, not 
 before found in the United States. 
 
 From CHARLES H. PECK, Albany. 
 
 A large collection of Mosses, 144 species. See Appendix D. 
 
 III. To the Geological and Miner alogical Departments . 
 
 From the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
 
 Specimens of Bocks and 'Building Stones : 
 
12 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS. 
 
 Granite : Dix Island, Me. 
 
 Used for front of Treasury building, Washington. 
 
 Mica Schist (Potomac Blue rock) : Washington, D.C. 
 
 Foundation of Treasury building. 
 
 Granite : Baltimore county, Md. 
 
 Basement of Treasury building. 
 
 Granite, Mica Schist (Blue rock) : Dix island, Me. 
 
 Foundation of Treasury building, Smithsonian Institution & Patent Office. 
 White Crystalline Limestone (White Marble) : Baltimore co. 
 
 Post-Office building. [Md 
 
 White Lamellar Limestone : Texas, Md. 
 
 AVashington Monument and Post-Office. 
 
 Mica Schist (Blue rock) : District of Columbia. 
 
 Foundations of the Capitol and Post-Office. 
 
 Red Sandstone (Seneca Brownstone) : Seneca, Md. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution and Georgetown Aqueduct. 
 
 Sandstone (Potomac Sandstone) : Aquia creek, Ya. 
 
 Old Treasury building, Old Capitol and Executive Mansion. 
 
 Compact Limestone (Calico Marble) : Montpelier, Yt. 
 
 Decorations of House of Representatives and Treasury. 
 Saccharoidal Limestone (White Marble) : North-Lee, Mass. 
 Capitol Extension. 
 
 Saccharoidal Limestone (White Marble) : Plains of Marathon, 
 Canaanite : Canaan, Conn. [Greece. 
 
 Magnetite : Iron mountain, Miss. 
 
 Franklinite and Zincite : Franklin, N.J. 
 
 Chalybite : Litchfield, Conn. 
 
 Magnetite : Essex county, N.Y. 
 
 Graphic Granite (Pegmatite) : New-Bedford, Mass. 
 
 Native Copper in Yein-stone or Trap : Lake Superior, 
 
 Gray Sulphuret of Copper : Lake Superior. 
 
 From C. S. WOODWARD, Mount Hope, Orange county. 
 
 Sulphuret of Lead, from Erie Mine. 
 
 do. from Mount Hope Empire Mining Company. 
 
 Sulphuret of Copper, from Otisville Mining Company. 
 
 From CHARLES F. WADSWORTH, Buffalo. 
 
 Gallery of Casts of Fossil Animals. See Prof. Ward’s Paper (B). 
 
 IY. To the Historical and Antiquarian Department. 
 
 From E. COCHRAN, Coxsackie. 
 
 Ten Arrowheads of Chert, found at Coxsackie. 
 
 II. Additions by purchase. 
 
 To the Zoological Department. 
 
 Rangifei' tarandus, the Reindeer : Skulls with the horns, male & female. 
 Ovibos moschatus , the Musk-ox : A skull. 
 
 Eggs of the following Domestic and Foreign Birds : 
 
ADDITIONS TO THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 13 
 
 I. EGGS OF DOMESTIC BIRDS. 
 
 Cathartes aura, Illig. 
 Tinnunculus sparverius, Vieill. 
 Astur atricapillus, Bonap. 
 Accipiter cooperi, Bonap. 
 Accipiter fuscus, Bonap. 
 
 Buteo lineatus, Jardine. 
 
 Buteo pennsylvanicus, Bonap. 
 Circus hudsonius, Vieill. 
 
 Pandion carolinensis, Bonap. 
 Polyborus tharus, Cassin. 
 Craxirex unicinctus, Cassin. 
 
 Strix pratincola, Bonap. 
 
 Scops asio, Bonap. 
 
 Geococcyx californianus, Baird. 
 Coccygus americanus, Bonap. 
 Coccygus erythrophthalmus, Bp. 
 Picus yillosus, Linn. 
 
 Melanerpes formiciyorus, Bon. 
 Colaptes auratus, Swainson. 
 Trochilus colubris, Linn. 
 Antrostomus yociferus, Bonap. 
 Chordeiles popetue, Baird. 
 Chordeiles henryi, Cassin. 
 Milvulus tyrannus, Bonap. 
 Milvulus forficatus, Sw. 
 Tyrannus carolinensis, Baird. 
 Tyrannus yerticalis, Say. 
 Myiarchus crinitus, Cab. 
 
 Sayornis fuscus, Baird. 
 
 Centopus vireus, Cab. 
 
 Turdus migratorius, Linn. 
 
 Sialia sialis, Baird. 
 
 Sialia arctica, Swains. 
 
 Anthus ludoyicianus, Licht. 
 Geothlypis trichas, Cab. 
 
 Icteria VIRIDIS, Bonap. 
 
 Dendroica striata, Baird. 
 Dendroica estiva, Baird. 
 Setophaga ruticilla, Sw. 
 
 Hirundo horreorum, Barton. 
 Hirundo lunifrons, Say. 
 
 COTYLE RIPARIA, Boie. 
 
 P’ROGNE PURPUREA, Boie. 
 
 Collyrio borealis?, Baird. 
 Collyrio ludovicianus, Baird. 
 Vireo gilvus, Bonap. 
 
 VlREO NOVEBORACENSIS, Bonap. 
 Mimus carolinensis, Gray. 
 Harporhynchus longicauda, Bd. 
 Thryothorus berlandieri?, Couch. 
 Thryothorus bewickii?, Bonap. 
 
 ClSTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS, Cab. 
 
 Troglodytes ^don, Vieill. 
 Troglodytes parkmanni, Aud. 
 
 Turkey Buzzard. 
 
 Sparrow Hawk. 
 
 Goshawk. 
 
 Cooper's Hawk. 
 Sharpshinned Hawk. 
 Bedshouldered Hawk. 
 Broadwinged Hawk. 
 Marsh Hawk. 
 
 Fish Hawk. 
 
 Caracara Eagle. 
 
 Harris's Buzzard. 
 
 Barn Owl. 
 
 Mottled Owl. 
 
 Faisano : Chaparral Cock. 
 Yellowbilled Cuckoo. 
 Blackbilled Cuckoo. 
 
 Hairy Woodpecker. 
 California Woodpecker. 
 Yellows haft ed Flicker. 
 Hummingbird. 
 Whippoorwill. 
 
 Nighthawk. 
 
 Western Nighthawk. 
 Forktailed Flycatcher. 
 Scissortail. 
 
 Kingbird , Beebird. 
 Arkansas Flycatcher. 
 Greatcrested Flycatcher. 
 Pewee. 
 
 Wood Pewee. 
 
 Bobirt. 
 
 Bluebird. 
 
 Bocky -mountain Bluebird. 
 Titlark. 
 
 Maryland Yellowthroat . 
 Yellon'breasted Chat. 
 Blackpoll Warbler. 
 
 Yellow Warbler. 
 
 Bedstart. 
 
 Barn Swallow. 
 
 Cliff Swallow. 
 
 Bank Swallow. 
 
 Purple Martin. 
 
 Great Northern Shrike. 
 Loggerhead Shrike. 
 Warbling Flycatcher. 
 White-eyed Vireo. 
 
 Catbird. 
 
 Longtailed Thrush. 
 Berlandier' s Wren. 
 Bewick's Wren. 
 
 Longbilled Marsh Wren. 
 House Wren. 
 
 Parkman's Wren. 
 
14 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE REGENTS. 
 
 Lophophanes atricristatus, Cass. 
 Parus atricapillits, Linn. 
 Chrysomitris tristts, Bonap. 
 
 P ocecetes gramineus, Baird. 
 Ammodromus caudacutus, Sw. 
 Ammodromus maritimus, Sw. 
 Chondestes grammaca, Bonap. 
 ZONOTRICHIA GAMBELII, Gambel. 
 Spizell A monticola, Baird. 
 Spizella socialis, Bonap. 
 Melospiza melodia, Baird. 
 
 Euspiza Americana, Bonap. 
 Cyanospiza cyanea, Baird. 
 
 Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Yieill. 
 Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Sw. 
 Molothrus pecoris, Sw. 
 
 Agelaius ph(eniceus, Yieill. 
 Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, 
 Trupialis militaris, Bonap. 
 Sturnella neglecta, And. 
 
 Icterus spurius, Bonap. 
 
 Icterus Baltimore, Daudin. 
 Icterus bullockii, Bonap. 
 Quiscalus macroura, Sw. 
 Quiscalus major, Yieill. 
 
 Quiscalus versicolor, Yieill. 
 Corvus CARNIVORUS, Bartram. 
 CORVUS AMERICANUS, Aud. 
 
 Corvus ossifragus, Wilson. 
 
 Pica hudsonica, Bonap. 
 
 Cyanura cristata, Sw. 
 
 Ectopistes migratoria, Sw. 
 Zenaidura carolinensis, Bonap. 
 Cham^pelia passerina, Sw. 
 Meleagris gallopavo, Linn. 
 Tetrao canadensis, Linn. 
 Centrocercus urophasianus, Sw. 
 Pediorcetes phasianellus, Bd. 
 Cupidonia cupido, Baird. 
 
 Bonasa umbellus, Steph. 
 
 Ortyx virginianus, Bonap. 
 
 Ortyx texanus, Lawr. 
 
 Oreortyx pictus?, Baird. 
 Lophortyx californicus, Bonap. 
 Grus canadensis, Temm. 
 Demiegretta ludoviciana, Bd. 
 Garzetta candidissima, Bonap. 
 Ardea herodias, Linn. 
 
 Audubonia occidentalis, Bonap. 
 Florida c^erulea, Baird. 
 
 Ardetta exilis, Gray. 
 
 Botaurus lentiginosus, Steph. 
 Butorides virescens, Bonap. 
 Nyctiardea gardeni, Baird. 
 
 Ibis alba, Yieillot. 
 
 ^JSgialites vociferus, Cassin. 
 
 Blackcrested Tit. 
 Blackcap Titmouse. 
 Yellowbird. 
 
 Grass Finch. 
 Sharptailed Finch. 
 Seaside Finch. 
 
 Lark Finch. 
 
 Gambel's Finch. 
 
 Tree Sparrow. 
 
 Chipping Sparrow. 
 
 Song Sparrow. 
 Blackthroated Bunting. 
 Indigo-bird. 
 
 Ground Robin, Towhee. 
 Boblink, Reedbird. 
 Cowbird. 
 
 Redwinged Blackbird. 
 Yellowheaded Blackbird. 
 Redbreasted Lark. 
 Western Lark. 
 
 Orchard Oriole. 
 Baltimore Oriole. 
 Bullock's Oriole. 
 Longtailed Grakle. 
 Boattailed Grakle. 
 
 Crow Blackbird. 
 American Raven. 
 Common Crow. 
 
 Fish Crow. 
 
 Magpie. 
 
 Blue Jay. 
 
 Wild Pigeon. 
 
 Common Dove. 
 
 Ground Dove. 
 
 Wild Turkey. 
 
 Spruce Partridge. 
 
 Sage cock. 
 
 Sharptailed Grouse. 
 Prairie-hen. 
 
 Ruffed Grouse. 
 Partridge , Quail. 
 
 Texas Quail. 
 
 Mountain Quail. 
 California Quail. 
 Sandhill Crane. 
 Louisiana Heron. 
 
 Snowy Heron. 
 
 Great Blue Heron. 
 
 Great White Heron. 
 Blue Heron. 
 
 Least Bittern. 
 
 Bittern , Stakedriver . 
 Green Heron 
 Night Heron. 
 
 White Ibis. 
 
 Killdeer. 
 
ADDITIONS TO THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 15 
 
 JEgialites wilsonius, Cassin. 
 
 iEGTALITES SEMIPALMATUS, Cab. 
 
 ^Egialites melodus, Cab. 
 H^ematopus palliatus, Temm. 
 H^ematopus Niger?, Pallas. 
 Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. 
 Philomela minor, Gray. 
 Symphemia semipalmata, Hartl. 
 Numenius longirostris, Wils. 
 Eallus elegans, Aud. 
 
 Rallus crepitans, Gm. 
 
 Eallus yirginianus, Linn. 
 Fulica Americana, Gmelin. 
 Bernicla canadensis, Boie. 
 Bendrocygna autumnalis, Eyton. 
 Anas boschas, Linn. 
 
 Anas obscura, Gm. 
 
 Dafila acuta, Jenyns. 
 
 Nettion carolinensis, Baird. 
 Querquedula discors, Stepb. 
 Histrionicus torquatus, Bonap. 
 Harelda glacialis, Leach. 
 Mergus serrator, Linn. 
 Pelecanus fuscus, Linn. 
 
 SuLA BASSANA, Briss. 
 
 Tachypetes aquila, Vieillot. 
 Graculus carbo, Gray. 
 
 Graculus floridanus, Bonap. 
 Graculus pencillatus, Bonap. 
 Graculus yiolaceus, Gray. 
 Plotus anhinga, Linn. 
 Thalassidroma leachii, Temm. 
 Puffinus obscurus, Lath. 
 
 Larus glaucus, Briinn. 
 
 Larus argentatus, Briinn. 
 Cricocephalus atricilla, Linn. 
 Sterna aranea, Wils. 
 
 Sterna regia, Gambel. 
 
 Sterna fuliginosa, Gmelin. 
 Sterna wilsoni, Bonap. 
 
 Sterna macroura, Naum. 
 
 Sterna forsteri, Nutt. 
 
 Sterna frenata, Gambel. 
 
 Anous stolidus, Leach. 
 Rhynchops nigra, Linn. 
 Colymbus torquatus, Briinn. 
 COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS, Linn. 
 Podilymbus podiceps, Lawr. 
 
 Alca torda, Linn. 
 
 Mormon cirrhata, Bonap. 
 Mormon corniculata, Naum. 
 Mormon arctica, Illiger. 
 
 Uria grylle, Latham. 
 
 Uria columba, Cassin. 
 
 Uria lomvia, Briinnich. 
 
 Uria ringvia, Briinnich. 
 
 Wilson's Plover. 
 Semipalmated Plover. 
 Piping Plover. 
 
 Oyster cal 'cher . 
 
 Bachman's Oystercatcher. 
 Blacknecked Stilt. 
 American Woodcock. 
 
 Willet. 
 
 Longbilled Curlew. 
 Marsh-hen. 
 
 Clapper Rail. 
 
 Virginia Rail. 
 
 Coot. 
 
 Canada Goose. 
 
 Longlegged Duck. 
 
 Mallard. 
 
 Black Duck. 
 
 Sprigtail , Pintail. 
 Greenwinged Teal. 
 Bluewinged Teal. 
 Harlequin Duck. 
 
 South Southerly. 
 Redbreasted Merganser. 
 Brown Pelican. 
 
 Gannet. 
 
 Man-of-war-bird. 
 
 Common Cormorant. 
 Florida Cormorant. 
 Brandt's Cormorant. 
 Violet- green Cormorant . 
 Snakebird, Water Turkey. 
 Leach's Petrel. 
 
 Dusky Shearwater. 
 Burgomaster. 
 
 Herring Gull. 
 
 Laughing Gull. 
 
 Marsh Tern. 
 
 Royal Tern. 
 
 Sooty Tern. 
 
 Wilson's Tern. 
 
 Arctic Tern. 
 
 Forster's Tern. 
 
 Least Tern. 
 
 Noddy Tern. 
 
 Black Skimmer. 
 
 Loon,. 
 
 Redthroated Diver. 
 Carolina Grebe. 
 Razorbilled Auk. 
 
 Tufted Puffin. 
 
 Horned Puffin. 
 
 Arctic Puffin. 
 
 Black Guillemot. 
 
 Western Guillemot. 
 Foolish Guillemot. 
 
 Murre. 
 
16 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGENTS. 
 
 II. EGGS OF FOREIGN BIRDS. 
 
 Struthio camelus, 
 
 African Ostrich. 
 
 
 Casuarius, 
 
 Cassowary. 
 
 New-Holland. 
 
 Rhea Americana, 
 
 
 South- America. 
 
 Tinnaculus alaudarius, 
 
 Kestril , 
 
 England. 
 
 Accipiter nissus, 
 
 Sparrowhawk. 
 
 Germany. 
 
 CoRYUS CORONE, 
 
 Carrion Crow. 
 
 Europe. 
 
 CORYUS MONEDULA, 
 
 Jackdaw. 
 
 do 
 
 CORVUS CORAX, 
 
 Raven. 
 
 do 
 
 CORVUS FUGILEGUS, 
 
 Rook. 
 
 France. 
 
 CORYUS PICA, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Fringilla DOMESTICA, 
 
 House Sparrow. 
 
 England. 
 
 Lanius EXCUBITOR, 
 
 Cbiereous Shrike. 
 
 do 
 
 Sternus vulgaris, 
 
 Starling. 
 
 do 
 
 Perdix australis, 
 
 Australian Partridge. 
 
 
 
 Silky-fowl. 
 
 Japan. 
 
 Perdix cinerea, 
 
 Common Partridge. 
 
 England. 
 
 Phasianus colchtcus, 
 
 Pheasant. 
 
 do 
 
 Perdix pectoralis, 
 
 
 Australia. 
 
 Gallinula chloropus, 
 
 Moor -hen. 
 
 England. 
 
 CoTURNIX COMMUNIS, 
 
 Quail. 
 
 do 
 
 Vanellus cristatus, 
 
 Common Lapwing. 
 
 do 
 
 Turdus palustris, 
 
 Fieldfare. 
 
 do 
 
 Turdus musicus, 
 
 English Thrush. 
 
 do 
 
 Turdus merula, 
 
 Blackbird. 
 
 do 
 
 
 Fauvette grisette. 
 
 France. 
 
 Garrulus glandinosa, 
 
 Jay. 
 
 England. 
 
 Alauda sylvicola, 
 
 Woodlark. 
 
 do 
 
 Sylvia hortensis, 
 
 Whitethroat . 
 
 do 
 
 Rossignol demmeallis, 
 
 
 France. 
 
 Anthus aquaticus, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Lanius colubris, 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 Gray Hedge Sparrow. 
 
 England. 
 
 
 Mirange petite. 
 
 France. 
 
 Fringilla cannabina, 
 
 Linnet. 
 
 England. 
 
 Sylvia rubicula, 
 
 Redthroat. 
 
 France. 
 
 Lanius rutillus, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Alauda Montana, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Parus c^eruleus, 
 
 Tomtit. 
 
 England. 
 
 
 Petite faulouse. 
 
 France. 
 
 Cauda rubina, 
 
 Redtail. 
 
 England. 
 
 COCCOTHRAUSTES CHLORIS, 
 
 Green Linnet. 
 
 do 
 
 Fringilla ccelebs, 
 
 Goldfinch. 
 
 do 
 
 Fringilla carduelis, 
 
 Thistlefinch. 
 
 do 
 
 Parus domesticus, 
 
 Common Sparrow. 
 
 do 
 
 Lanius minor, 
 
 
 France. 
 
 Emberiza citrinella, 
 
 Yellow Bunting. 
 
 England. 
 
 
 Poullet chantre. 
 
 France. 
 
 Sylvia hippopais, 
 
 
 do 
 
 CoLUMBA TURTUS, 
 
 Turtle Dove- 
 
 England. 
 
 IIlRUNDO rusticus, 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 France. 
 
 Pyrrhula vulgaris, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Fringilla coronia, 
 
 Bing Sparrow. 
 
 England. 
 
 Troglodytes vulgaris, 
 
 Wren. 
 
 France. 
 
 Motacilla alba, 
 
 Pied Wagtail. 
 
 England. 
 
 Erythraca rubicula, 
 
 
 France. 
 
 Sylvia cinerea, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Parus major, 
 
 
 do 
 
 Corica artricapilla, 
 
 Blackcap. 
 
 do 
 
( B. ) 
 
 WADSWORTH GALLERY 
 
 OP 
 
 CASTS OF FOSSIL ANIMALS. 
 
 It is a subject of congratulation, and an evidence of the advance 
 of liberal sentiments in regard to the importance of Natural Science 
 in our country, that the most valuable addition to the State Cabinet 
 has been made during the past year. We refer to the unique and 
 magnificent Museum of Casts in the east end of the large hall. It 
 was the accession most needed. Preeminently rich in many depart- 
 ments of fossil zoology, the State Collection was, for an obvious 
 reason, deficient in representing those lords of creation, the Ver- 
 tebrates. But the splendid contribution just made, completes the 
 picture of animal life; and, in doing that, it raises the Collection 
 to the first rank among American Cabinets. For this noble and 
 timely gift, the State is indebted to the munificence of Charles 
 F. Wadsworth, Esq. of Buffalo ; and the act receives double 
 interest from the fact that the Museum, of the highest intrinsic 
 value in itself, -was donated by the son of a former Regent of the 
 University, whom, for his patriotic devotion to her in her hour of 
 need, the nation delighted to honor. The specimens number 117 ; 
 and they represent many of the rarest and most extraordinary 
 fossil forms known to geologists. As the majority of the originals 
 are confined to the royal and imperial museums of Europe, and are 
 therefore inaccessible to the American public, these copies will be 
 welcomed as a most important addition. Many of them are known 
 in our colleges only through vague descriptions and incorrect 
 engravings. Indeed the Collection has no parallel on either side of 
 the Atlantic ; for the objects have never before been grouped 
 together in any one museum. Regarded as a part of the System of 
 Education in our commonwealth, the State Cabinet is rendered far 
 more attractive and instructive to both students and visitors, by 
 opening to our fellow-citizens the treasures of foreign science. The 
 benefaction will be an enduring monument to the donor; while it 
 will be gratefully remembered wherever princely liberality is 
 appreciated, and will be a source of national pride to every one 
 who desires to see in the State Capital a satisfactory exposition 
 of Natural History. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 2 
 
18 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 The specimens were prepared by Professor Henry A. Ward of 
 Rochester, N.Y., and with such fidelity and skill that it is not easy 
 to distinguish them from the originals. The colossal size of some, 
 and the beauty of execution of all, th/ow a flood of light on the 
 inhabitants of a former world.: Many of them seem instinct with 
 life, so natural is their representation j and the observer is carried 
 by imagination down the flight of ages to that Pre-Adamite period 
 when monsters, long ago extinc^, -ruled the Earth. 
 
 ..X 
 
 Megathcrijiu! euvicri. 
 
 This gigantic fossil was first made known to the scientific world in 1789. 
 It was discovered on the tanks of die River Luxan near the city of Buenos 
 Ayres, and was subsequently transmitted to Madrid, where, for half a cen- 
 tury, it excited the most lively speculations among all European naturalists 
 who were so fortunate as to see it. The original tones, of which the specimen 
 in the Wadsworth Collection is a copy, were found in the same Painpean 
 deposit between the years 1831 and 1838, and belong partly to the Hun- 
 terian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and partly to the British 
 M uscum. To give to the singular quadruped its proper position in the Ani- 
 mal Kingdom, was for many years a problem in comparative anatomy which 
 the savans of Europe could not solve. Led astray by the huge carapace of 
 the Glyptodon, found near it, the majority called it a mammoth Armadillo. 
 Cuvier, who gave it its generic title, thought it combined the characters of 
 the Sloth, Anteater and Armadillo. The merit of throwing a flood of light 
 on the nature and structure of this most remarkable of all fossil mammals, 
 was reserved for the celebrated English Geologist, Professor Owen. He 
 conclusively proves that the Megatherium was a “ Ground Sloth,” feeding 
 on the foliage of trees which it uprooted by its strength. 
 
 The extreme length of the mounted skeleton 1 is 17 feet and 9 inches : its 
 height, from the pedestal to the top of the spinous process of the first dorsal 
 vertebra, is 7 feet. No other fossil so exceeds its modern representative, as 
 the lordly Megatherium surpasses the pigmy remnant of the Tardigrade 
 race; for the largest living Sloth does not exceed 2 feet in length. One is 
 tempted to join the Spanish naturalist who ob jected to the place assigned 
 to the Megatherium, because “all the other Edentates could dance in his 
 carcase.” But that there is the closest affinity between it and the diminutive 
 arboreal Sloth, is now undeniable. The number of the teeth, their deep in- 
 sertion, equable breadth and thickness, deeply excavated base, inner struc- 
 ture and unlimited growth, and the absence of canines, are characters com- 
 mon to both. Both have the peculiar zygomatic arch to the skull : the 
 alveoli of the jaws correspond in number, posit ion and relative depth. There 
 is the same anomalous shortness of face ; a similar development of air cells 
 surrounding the cerebral cavity ; the like scapula, clavicle, os ified sternal 
 ribs ; the identically expanded ilia ; the flattened femur ; and an equal 
 number of sacral vertebrae. The part in which the Megatherium least re- 
 sembles the Sloth, is the tail ; and, as a general rule, in those modifications 
 of structure in which it differs from its living analogue, it approximates to 
 the Anteater; c. g. in the number and struciure of the true vertebrae. 
 
 The astragalus is the most characteristic single lone in the skeleton ; its 
 upper surface being so hollowed on one side, with a wide crescentic groove, 
 as to throw the whole weight of the leg upon the inner side of the foot. The 
 anchylosis of the tibia and fibula is known among existing quadrupeds only 
 in armor-bearing Edentates. 
 
2. — Bradypus tridactylus ( 
 
 MllllUHlIllllllllHlllllill 
 
 I 14 ; about one inch to the foot. 
 
 [ To face page 18.] 
 
1.— Skeleton of Megatherium cuvieri. 
 
 2. — Bradypus tridactylus (Sloth). 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 19 
 
 The head 2 of the Megatherium 
 is remarkable for its relatively 
 small size, for the extraordinary 
 depth of the lower jaw, and for 
 ihe great size of the zygomatic 
 processes. The length of the skull 
 i< 31 inches : 3 inches less than 
 that of the Asiatic Elephant. 
 The formation of the muzzle in- 
 dicates the possession of a short 
 proboscis. The dental formula is 
 = 18. The teeth are 
 prismatic and slightly 
 curved, and measure from 
 eight to ten inches in 
 length, and between two 
 and three inches in 
 breadth. 3 In composition, 
 a central axis of vascular 
 dentine is inclosed by a 
 wall of unvascular dentine, and this by one of cement. 
 
 The spinal column consists of seven cervical, sixteen dorsal, three lumbar, 
 five sacral anl eighteen cnul il vertebrae, and measures fifteen feet in length, 
 or three feet more than the Elephant. The circumference of the skeleton, at 
 the eighth rib, is eleven feet. 
 
 In no respect does the Megatherium differ more strikingly from existing 
 quadrupeds of correspon ling bulk, than in the vast proportions of its an- 
 terior extremities. Its clavicle, fifteen inches long, is the longest known. 
 The foreleg bespeaks enormous strength ; with the foot, it is seven feet and 
 four inches in length. 4 
 
 The posterior extremities are shorter than the anterior. The pelvis is the 
 largest bone in any land animal, living or extinct : it is upwards of five 
 feet broad. The rugged ilium and spinal crest show that it was the centre of 
 muscular bundles of enormous power, which diverged to act upon the trunk, 
 the tail and the hindlegs. These muscles, judging from the size of the spinal 
 cord, which in this region is four inches in diameter, must have been cha- 
 racterized l y the extreme energy of their vital contract ibility. The acetabu- 
 lum is excavated in a very exceptional manner, its concavity facing directly 
 downward. This gave increased strength for sustaining vertical pressure at 
 the expense of rapid motion. 
 
 The hindlegs appear more like columns for support than organs for loco- 
 motion, and, with the hinifeet, are models of m issive organic masonry. 6 The 
 heel-bone alone has the extraordinary length of seventeen inches, and a 
 circumference of twenty-eight inches. The mon ;ter walke 1, like the Ant- 
 eater, on the outside edge of its foot, on a marginal hoof-like callosity. The 
 mid lie toe of the hindfoot, and likewise the secon 1, third and fourth digits 
 of the forefoot, were armed with powerful claws. The magnitude of the tail 
 fills the observer with wonder : when clothed w th flesh, it must have been 
 more than six feet around at the greater end. With the hindlegs, it formed 
 a tripol upon which the animal rested wheu obtaining its food. 
 
 It would be interesting to know something of the daily life of an animal 
 whose colossal size was united to such strange anatomy. As the brain of 
 the Megatherium was less ly nearly one-half than that of the Elephant, we 
 infer that he was a creature of fewer instincts. Nevertheless his cotemporary 
 quadrupeds must have acknowledged him as the head of the Animal King- 
 
20 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Fore extremity of the Megatherium. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY 
 
 21 
 
 5 . 
 
 Hind extremities of the Megatherium. 
 
 \ 
 
22 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 dom. To the tongue of a Giraffe and the proboscis of a Tapir, there was 
 added the power of rotating the bones of the forearm. These prehensile 
 organs were suited to a leaf-feeder. That the animal was not carnivorous, is 
 settled by the structure of its molar teeth : it lacks incisors ; therefore it 
 was not a Ruminant. But if the great animal fed on foliage, how did it ob- 
 tain it? The Elephant gathers its food with a long proboscis. The Giraffe, 
 standing on stilt-like forelegs, and reaching out its attenuated need?, plucks 
 the high branches with long flexible lips and muscular tongue. The Mega- 
 therium could imitate neither. Did it climb like the Sloth? Such was the 
 conjecture of the Danish Naturalist, Dr. Lund ; but the clumsy make and 
 the immense bulk and weight of the creature forbid it. The structure of the 
 forefeet, moreover, militates against the theory ; for the outer digit is hoof- 
 like, as if made for terrestrial progression. The hindlegs, too, are much 
 shorter than the forelegs ; and the tail is too short and thick for prehensile 
 purposes. 
 
 The fossorial hypothesis, too, has no better foundation than the scansorial. 
 In burrowing animals, as the Mole, the pelvis is remarkably slender, and 
 the claws form a continuous plane with the palm of the foot ; while in the 
 Megatherium the pelvis is remarkably large, and not one of the claws can 
 be brought into a line with the metacarpus. The fore-arms were plainly 
 formed for grasping, not climbing nor digging : they were instruments of 
 tremendous strength, evidence of which is furnished by the deep grooves and 
 sharp ridges on the radius and ulna, the starting points of stout tendons and 
 muscles. The moment we estimate this force, the colossal proportions of the 
 hind-extremities lose their anomaly and harmonize with the front. The ap- 
 plication of the fore-arms to the work of tearing down a tree would demand 
 a corresponding fulcrum, such as we find in the heavy pelvis, the ponderous 
 tail and the massive hindlegs. 
 
 The Megatherium needed not agility for securing prey, for it was not 
 Carnivorous ; nor for flight, for its size alone must have been a protection 
 against any living foe. Had we beheld it living on its native plains, its slow 
 movement would have excited our wonder as much as its bulk. It was 
 doubtless a solitary animal. The gathering together in herds was not required 
 for self-defence : indeed, the necessities of the creature to obtain an enor- 
 mous daily supply of food would not have allowed it, unless the vegetation 
 of that day were far more dense than is the modern vegetation of the same 
 region. When stripping the trees it had prostrated, its position was probably 
 a reclining one ; and Professor Agassiz has ventured the opinion that this 
 crouching attitude was constant to the animal, and that it crept along with 
 the full length of its fore-arm resting upon the ground. 
 
 The Pampas, where the remains of the great fossil have been chiefly 
 found, are vast plains, stretching from the mountains of Brazil to Tierra 
 del Fuego. Palms grow at one end, while snow covers the other almost the 
 entire year. The soil is chiefly a dull-reddish slightly-indurated argillaceous 
 earth, with here and there calcareous concretions : underneath are beds of 
 stratified gravel and conglomerate. These deposits constitute the Pampean 
 formation, which varies in depth from twenty to one hundred feet. They 
 were slowly formed at a time when the Atlantic reached far westward to the 
 foot of the central mountain chain, down whose flanks the rivers brought the 
 detritus and spread it beneath the waters in level layers at some distance 
 from the shore. Carcases of animals floated down upon the same streams, 
 and, reaching the quiet waters, sank down in their muddy bed. The whole 
 area has since been elevated ; the estuary mud has been converted into wide 
 and level plains, and the shores and submarine banks of a former sea now 
 form low headlands along the present coast. It w r as in this recent formation 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 23 
 
 — referable to the Pleistocene period, because most of its shells are still 
 living in the ocean — that the Megatherium was entombed. Its bones are 
 almost exclusively found in the cliffs and steep banks of rivers ; thus far, 
 the Rivers Salado and Luxan. The race was not exterminated by some 
 great cataclysm ; for the small bones, like the kneecap, of a cotemporary 
 mammal were discovered by Darwin in the same deposit, all lying in their 
 proper relative position. Like the Aborigines of our own continent, like the 
 Dodo of Mauritius, the Edentate giants perished one after another, in the 
 lapse of infinite ages, by those changes of circumstances in the organic and 
 inorganic norl I which are always in progress. 
 
 The Megatherium was buried in a hecatomb of extinct monsters. By its 
 side we find the bones of the kindred Mylodon, Megalonyx and Scelidothe- 
 rium, all of them Sloths; the Glyptodon and Schistopleuruin, the Toxodon 
 and Mastodon, the Machairodus and Macrauchenia. The Megatherium and 
 its associates have been discovered in the Pleistocene deposits of the United 
 States; but South- America was then, as it is now, the metropolis of the 
 Edentates. 
 
 The great skeleton is surrounded by a beautiful iron railing, the columns 
 of which support bronze figures of ten representative forms from the natural 
 order (Edentata) to which the fossil belongs. They are the Mylodon (M. 
 robustus ), Megalonyx ( M. jeffersoni) , Glyptodon (G. clavicaudatus), Sloth 
 ( Bradypus didactylus ), Great Anteater (Myrmecophaga jubata), Little Ant- 
 eater (M. didactyla ), Armadillo ( Dasypus peba), Aard Vark ( Orycteropus 
 capensis ), Pichiciego ( Clamyp/iorus truncatus ), and Longtailed Manis ( JYT. 
 Ion gicaudatus) . The animals of this series, by their similarity in certain 
 parts, illustrate well the law of adherence to type or pattern, which Nature 
 followed in their construction ; while their differences illustrate the other 
 great law by which organic structures are specially adapted to special modes 
 of life. 
 
 Seliistopleurum typus. 
 
 In front of the Megatherium, and hardly less imposing, is the great fossil 
 Armadillo from the same Pampean deposit, the iSchistopleurum typus . 6 The 
 original was found near Montevideo in 1846, on the borders of the River 
 Luxan, by Dr. F. X. Numez ; and presented, by order of the Dictator 
 Rosas, to Vice-Admiral Dupotel, who gave it to the Museum of Dijon, 
 his native city. M. Nodot, Curator of the Museum, describes it in the 
 Memoirs of the Academy of Dijon in 1856. Like the Megatherium, it be- 
 longed to an age when nearly all families of mammals were represented by 
 larger forms than at the present day. 
 
 The body is covered by a ponderous coat of mail ( the original weighs 
 about 4030 lbs.) forme 1 by polygonal plates,* none of which are disposed in 
 bands as in the living Armadillo, but which "were all firmly articulated to 
 each other : the animal, therefore, could not contract or bend its body into 
 a ball as does its modern puny representative. This specimen received its 
 generic title because it seemed to show the beginning of such a division : 
 the carapace is much warped, and, in several places, indented, probably 
 during the life of the animal. It measures six feet eight inches in length and 
 nine feet two inches across, following the curve, at the middle of the back. 
 The skull was likewise defended by a tessellated bony casque, and is also 
 remarkable for the long backward-curved apophysis descending from the 
 zygoma as in the Megatheroids.t The animal possessed a clavicle, yet seized 
 
 * lu t he Schistopleurum, these plates or ossicles are mostly hexagonal; in the 
 Glyptodon. pentagonal 
 
 t The skuil is wanting in this cast, but will soon bo added. 
 
24 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 feCHIteTOPLEUliUM TYJPUS. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 25 
 
 its food with its lips and tongue. All the Pleistocene Armadillos had fluted 
 teeth, and were phytophagous : the modern species, except the Apara of the 
 Pampas, are carnivorous. The tail had its independent osseous sheath, sup- 
 ported by the vertebrae within, and was well suited to strike a severe blow. 
 The femur is flattened in front and behind, and widens out laterally as in 
 the Megatherium. 
 
 The tibia and fibula 7 arc soldered together, and, 
 with the massive club-like foot, formed a firm sup- 
 port while the creature used its forelegs. The heavy 
 tail served, at the same time, as a prop or an anchor. 
 
 8 . 
 
 8 . 
 
 Lying on the same pedestal are the tails of the Glyptodon clavicaudatus 
 and G. davipes ; 8 the latter showing the vertebrae at the upper end, and 
 exemplifying finely the relation of the endo- and exo-skeletons. They are 
 each three feet long. 
 
 Diuoilicrium gigantcum. 
 
 On the left of the observer, as he faces the Megatherium, are the largest 
 fossil skulls thus far discovered. The one whose enormous down-curving 
 tusks remind one of the Walrus, belongs to the Dinot.herium giganleum . 9 
 The original was discovered by Dr. Keipstein, near Eppelsheim, in a bed 
 of sand and marl of the Miocene Tertiary containing marine shells, and is 
 now preserved in the Museum at Darmstadt. It was first described by Prof. 
 Kaup. The teeth had previously been found in France, Bavaria and Austria; 
 and, from their close analogy with those of the Tapir, were described by 
 Cuvier as belonging to an extinct colossal animal of that genus. Fragments 
 of the same mammal have been discovered also in America in the Miocene 
 deposits of Perim island. Gulf of Cambay, and in Tertiary formation lime- 
 stone at the foot of the Pyrenees. The remains are associated with the 
 Hippopotamus, lihinoceros, Mastodon, Palaeothcrium, Anoplotherium, 
 Machairodus, Horse, Ox, Antelope, Ape, Hog, Dog, Wolf, Cat, Leamantinc, 
 Morse, Seacalf and Dolphin, all of extinct species. 
 
 The skull is three feet eight inches in length : it is characterized by a 
 very flat occipital bone (approximating in form the occiput of Cetacea), large 
 nasal aperture opening above, and large suborbital fossae, which, together 
 with the form of the nose, seem to indicate the presence of a short proboscis. 
 Ths teeth are a ll molars, and belong to the bilophodont or two-ridged 
 type, as in the Tapir, Megatherium, Kangaroo and Manatee. The largo 
 deflected tusks are, in fact, two huge recurved incisors implanted in a pro- 
 
26 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Head of the Dinotherium. 
 
 longation of the symphysis of the lower jaw. The skull, scapula, femur and 
 pelvis(?) are the only parts yet discovered. The scapula resembles that of a 
 Mole. The femur, which lies on the pedestal under the head, is the largest 
 thigh-bone known to naturalists ; measuring five feet in length, and two feet 
 four inches in greatest circumference of shaft. Cuvier and Kaup calculated 
 that the animal must have attained the extraordinary length of eighteen feet. 
 
 Professor Kaup regards the Dinotherium as intermediate between the 
 Mastodon and Tapir, and truly terrestrial ; while MM. DeBlainville and 
 Pictet consider it an aquatic herbivore resembling the Lamantin, and in- 
 habiting the embouchures of great rivers. In the general shape of the skull 
 and aspect of the nostrils, according to Owen, the Dinotherium most re- 
 sembles the Manatee or Dugong ; “but bones of limbs have been found so 
 associated with teeth as to determine the Dinotherium to be a hoofed qua- 
 druped, of probably aquatic habits, and transitional, as it would seem, be- 
 tween the large Lophiodorus and the huger proboscideans.” 
 
 In the last number (November 1861) of the American Journal of Science 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 27 
 
 is noticed briefly the discovery, in the Department of the Haute-Garonne 
 in Southern France, of an immense fossil pelvis, supposed to belong to the 
 Dinotlierium. This is five feet eleven inches from one crest to the other of 
 the iliac bones, and four feet three inches in a line cutting it vertically. In 
 its lower portion are two suhtriangular depressions which are evidently ar- 
 ticulating cavities, in which fitted marsupial bones. This discovery renders 
 it very probable that the Dinotherium was a marsupial animal ; although it 
 is still as uncertain as before to what exact order of animal this didefphio 
 teature was, in this case, added. A 
 
 Mastodon gjo-antcus. 
 
 tho Dinotherium, enclosed by the same railing, is the head 
 of the Mastodo/i giganteus disinterred from a post-glacial fluvTatile deposit 
 
 w! Z e0 "?^I' Y ' Jt - 13 |he largest elephantoid skull that has ever 
 been discoiered. The cranium is convex and cellular ; and from the great 
 
 10 . 
 
 cavities in front, once protruded enormous tusks. The teeth are composed of 
 dentine with enamel spread over the crown, which is divided into several 
 transverse tubercles, each of which is subdivided into two obtuse points, the 
 transverse furrows not being filled up Avith cement as in the Elephant. The 
 dental formula is as follows, d standing for deciduous : 
 
 d i’ J ~ 1 W-f; c,g-$; d m, p, i-i; m, = 34. 
 
 The molars progressively increase in size, and most of them in complexity 
 and in their growth follow each other from behind forwards. Not more than 
 three were in use at any period on one side of either jaw. All save the 
 penultimate, were shed by the time the crown cf the last had cut the gum. 
 
28 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Beneath the skull, 10 ! on the pedestal, arc the tusk of another specimen 
 
 lOi. 
 
 from St. Catharines (Canada), and a portion of a lower jaw and teeth from 
 Missouri. There is hardly a portion of the United States, or indeed of the 
 North- American continent, which has not offered some remains of this ele- 
 phantoid animal which once roamed its surface in vast herds. 
 
 Elcplias ganesa. 
 
 In the east window, on a long pedestal, is mounted a very perfect head of 
 the E/ephas ganesa, a fossil Mammoth from the Sewalik hills, outliers of 
 the Himmalaya mountains in India. The original, preserved in the British 
 Museum, was obtained by Dr. Falconer and Major Cautley. The Ter- 
 tiary deposit, in which it was discovered, consists of concretionary grit, 
 conglomerate, sandstone and loam ; and contains lignite, trunks of dicoty- 
 ledonous trees, and land and freshwater shells. 
 
 The length of the skull 11 is four feet two inches ; width, twenty-nine 
 inches. The tusks are ten feet six inches long, and twenty-six inches in cir- 
 cumference at the base. In consequence of their slight curvature, they project 
 eight feet five inches in front of the head. Their apparent disproportion to 
 the size of the skull is truly extraordinary, and exemplifies the maximization 
 of dental development. The weight which they, by their great leverage, must 
 have added to the skull of the living animal, can hardly be estimated at 
 less than two thousand pounds ! 
 
 At cither end of the Gallery, in the recesses formed by the windows, are 
 four handsome cases with glazed top and front, in which, on receding shelves, 
 are exhibited a numerous series of smaller fossils arranged with a zoological 
 grouping. In the first case (on the north wall) are twenty-eight 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. — Skull of the Elephas ganesa, 
 
 [To face page 28.] 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 29 
 
 Fossil Articulates, Mollusks and Radiates. 
 
 They are as follows : 
 
 12 . 
 
 No. 1. Beloteuthis subcost at a . 12 Internal bone 
 cf fossil cuttlefish. 
 
 Lias: Ilolzmaden, Wirtcmberg. 
 
 13 . 
 
 No. 2. Bclemnites oweni . n Specimen showing the 
 “ phragmocone ” or chambered float, in place, in 
 the upper end or alveolar cavity of the “ guard 
 
 Oxford clay: Chippenham, England. 
 
 No. 3. Amorphozoum ? M A fossil sponge a foot in 
 diameter, with eleven beautifully radiating and 
 recurved hollow fingers. 
 
 Lower Silurian: Franklin county, Kentucky. 
 
 ( £7“ Specimen still undesCribed.) 
 
30 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 15 . 
 
 No. 4. Apiocrinvs parkinsoni,™ Pear Encrinite. Speci- 
 men with calyx, stem and root complete. 
 
 Croat Oolite: Hampton, England. 
 
 18 . 
 
 No. 5. Ancyloceras [Seaphites) gigas™ A 
 full-grown and unusually perfect 
 specimen. , 
 
 Lower Greensand: Atlierfield, Isle of "Wight, 
 England. 
 
 IT. 
 
 No. 0. Daltnania nasuta. 11 Specimen 
 showing the bifurcated frontal process. 
 Lower Holder berg: Schoharie, N.Y. 
 
 13. 
 
 No. 7. Ammonites birchii . ,B 
 Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY 
 
 31 
 
 10 . 
 
 No. 8. Eryon propinquus , 19 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Solenhofen, Bavaria. 
 
 No. 9. Ammonites luclclandi 20 (Group “Arietcs’ 7 
 of Von Buch). 
 
 Lias: Boll, Wirtemberg. 
 
 No. 10. Canerinus latipes. 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): 
 
 Eichstadt, BuVaria. 
 
 No. 12. Ancyloceras andouli.’ 1 ' 1 
 
 Lower Greensand: Cheiron, France. 
 
32 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 25. 
 
 No. 15. JEschna eximia . 2& Beautiful fossil Libellula or Dragonfly, with 
 wings spreading six inches. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Solenliofen, Bavaria. 
 
 No. 1G. Ammonites rothomagensis? Interior cast of portion of outer whorl, 
 showing the lobed edges of septa. Chalk marl: Rouen, France, 
 
33 
 
 THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. ^ 
 
 25i 
 
 No. 17. Ophioderma egertoni.^i One 
 of tlie most perfect and beautiful 
 of the Opliiuridge. 
 
 Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
 26. 
 
 jSi 
 
 No. 18. Ammonites macrocephalus 28 
 (Group “ Macrocephali ” of Von Buch). 
 Oxford elay: Wiltshire, England. 
 
 No. 19. 
 
 Toxoceras moutonianus ” Very perfect specimen, over 
 two and a half feet long. 
 
 Lower Greensand: Escragnolles, Franee. 
 
 28. 
 
 No. 20. Scaphites ivavi . 28 Specimen with 
 the whorls of the early age of the shell quite distinct. 
 
 Lower Greensand: Barrerae, Franee. 
 
 29. 
 
 No. 21. Cidaris blumeribachii™ Specimen with 
 the spines still adhering. 
 
 Coral Rag: Wiltshire, England. 
 
 22. Hippurites radiosa. Lower valve. 
 
 White Chalk: Vache-Perduc, France. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 3 
 
34 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 30 . 
 
 No. 23. Ammonites lautus 30 (Group 
 “ Pentati ” of Yon Buch). 
 Gault: Folkestone, England. 
 
 31 . 
 
 No. 24. Ammonites modiolaris 31 
 (Group “Coronarii” of Yon 
 Buch). 
 
 Oxford Clay: Chippenham, England. 
 
 No. 25. Ammonites jimbriatus 32 (Group “ Ligati ” of D’Orbigny). 
 Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 35 
 
 35 . 
 
 No. 28. Encrinus liliiformis . 35 A very interesting 
 Crinoid, showing with beautiful distinctness 
 the discs, which, standing on each other 
 with articulating surfaces, form the sup- 
 porting column ; also the several pieces of 
 the calyx, and the many thousand ossicles 
 which enter into the composition of the ten 
 arms. 
 
 Species confined to the Muschelkalk (Middle Trias). 
 
 Brunswick, Germany. 
 
 The second window-case, east of the one already noticed, 
 contains 
 
 They are : 
 
 Fossil Reptiles and Fishes. 
 
 No. 29. Ichthyosaurus commu- 
 nis.™ A fine head, having 
 all the bones and teeth 
 complete and in true posi- 
 tion, and showing well the 
 sclerotic plates which de- 
 fended the eye. 
 
 Lias: Barrow-on-Soar, England. 
 
36 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET* 
 
 37 . 
 
 homocercal tail and long pointed dorsal and anal fins. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Bavaria. 
 
 No. 31. Sapheosaurus laticeps. Small fossil Lizard ; body and extremities 
 complete. Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite) : Kelheim, Bavaria. 
 
 38 . 
 
 No. 32. Cephalaspis 
 lyelli , 38 A well-known 
 (Ganoid fish, with 
 buckler head, thin 
 triangular body and 
 heterocercal tail. 
 Old Red Sandstone 
 (Devonian) : Glammiss, 
 Forfarshire, Scotland. 
 
 39 . 
 
 No. 33. Megalurus elegantissimus . 39 Small Ganoid fish, with largely 
 expanded tail. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite) : Solenhofen, Bavaria 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 37 
 
 No. 34. Vndiina striolaris. Ganoid fish of the family of “Coelocanths,” or 
 those with hollow bones. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Kellieim, Bavaria. 
 
 40 . 
 
 No. 35. Lepidotus minor.* 0 A 
 fine Ganoid fish, with homo- 
 cereal tail & bright-shining 
 scales. 
 
 Purbeck limestone 
 (Upper Oolite) : 
 
 Isle of Portland, England. 
 
 41 . 
 
 No, 3G. Pterodactylus 
 crassirostris . 41 Copy 
 of the most perfect 
 specimen of this fos- 
 sil that has ever been 
 found. 
 
 Lithographic limestone 
 (Upper Oolite) : 
 Solenhofen, Bavaria. 
 
 4 -; 
 
 No. 37. Placodus gigasP Skull entire, 
 with both maxillary and palatal series 
 of teeth. These latter are, relatively, 
 larger than those of any other known 
 animal, living or fossil. No part of the 
 animal, save the head, is known ; but 
 it is believed to have been a marine 
 saurian, which frequented the seashores 
 and fed upon the hard-shelled mollusks, 
 crushing them between its hard rounded 
 teeth. 
 
 Muschclkalk (Middle Trias): 
 
 Laineck. Bavaria. 
 
38 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 No. 38. Andrias tschudi . 43 Fossil Salamander. It 
 was a larger adnlt specimen of this fossil which 
 was erroneously supposed by Scheuzer to he 
 a human skeleton, and was described by him, 
 nearly a century and a half ago, as “ Homo 
 diluvii testis”! 
 
 Miocene Tertiary: (Eningen, Switzerland. 
 
 44. 
 
 No. 39. Acrodus nobilis.* 4 Palatal teeth, 
 with their peculiar surface linings. 
 Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
 No. 40. Gyrodus umbilicus . 45 A fine series of palatal teeth. 
 
 Upper Oolite: Durrheim, Duchy of Baden. 
 
 No. 41. Pycnodus platessus . Fossil fish. 
 
 Eocene Tertiary: Monte Bolca, Lombardy. 
 
 No. 42. Mesturus verrucosus. Fossil fish nearly 
 two feet long. 
 
 Lithographic Limestone: Eichstadt, Bavaria, 
 
 In the recess of the southeast window is a case of 
 
 Fossil Reptiles. 
 
 No 43. Pterodactyls : fig. 46. No. 44. Megalosaurus : f. 47. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 39 
 
 No. 45. Iguanodon : f. 48. 
 
 No. 46. Labyrinthodon : f. 49. 
 
 No. 47. Ichthyosaurus: f. 50. 
 
 Nos. 43 - 49 (figs. 46 - 50) are restorations of the Pterodactyle, Mega.lo *> 
 saurus , I guano don, Labyrinthodon , Ichthyosaurus , Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus 
 and P. macrocephalus. They are reduced (one inch to the foot) from the 
 gigantic models in the Crystal Palace, London ; constructed to scale by B. 
 Waterhouse Hawkins, F.G.S., F.L.S., from the form and proportions 
 of the fossil remains, and in strict accordance with the scientific deductions 
 of the British Cuvier, Professor Owen. Preliminary drawings, with careful 
 measurements of the originals in the Royal College of Surgeons, British 
 Museum and Geological Society, were prepared, and sketch models made at 
 a fraction of the natural size, and submitted to the above high authority. 
 Clay models were then made of the natural size. 
 
 To give an idea of these monster Saurians, Mr. Hawkins states that the 
 Iguanodon, as it now stands in the Crystal Palace, is composed of four iron 
 columns 9 feet long by 7 inches in diameter, 600 bricks, 1550 tiles, 38 
 casks of cement, 90 casks of broken stone, with 100 feet of iron hooping 
 and 20 feet of cube inch bar. It was modelled after the great Horsham 
 specimen ; and the mold was afterward converted into a salle a manger , in 
 which Prof. Owen, Prof. Forbes and twenty other scientific gentleman sat 
 down to dinner. The beautiful restorations in the Wadsworth Collection are 
 faithful copies, in miniature, of the gigantic group in London. Fossil re- 
 
40 eighteenth annual report on the state cabinet. 
 
 mains, for the most part, are found only in a fragmentary state. When theft* 
 the dry hones are thus seemingly clothed with flesh, a more accurate know- 
 ledge of the wonders of Creation is communicated to the mind than by any 
 scientific description. 
 
 No. 50. Teleosaurus minimus. Head of the smallest individual of the genus 
 yet described, showing well the orbital sockets and the nasal fossae. 
 
 Lias r Wirtemberg. 
 
 No. 52. Nothosaurus mirabilis , 52 
 Skull, with finely preserved teeth. Muschelkalk: Bayreuth, Bavaria. 
 
 No. 58. Ichthyosaurus communis. Skull, with jaws and teeth complete. 
 
 Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
 No. 54. Crocodilus spenceri . Skull. Eocene Tertiary: Isle of Sheppey, England. 
 
 In the fourth window-recess, on the south side of the room, is a 
 final window-case, which contains 
 
 They are 
 
 Fossil Mammals and Birds, 
 
 54 . 
 
 No. 56. 
 
 Anoplotherium 
 communis.™ A very 
 perfectly preserved 
 head of this 
 interesting animal, 
 which was thought 
 by Cuvier, who first 
 described it, to hold 
 an intermediate 
 position between the 
 Rhinoceros & Horse. 
 The most remarkable 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 41 
 
 feature of the skull, and that from which the genus took its name, is the 
 full dentition ; six incisors in each jaw, without any interval between them 
 and the molars. Eocene Tertiary: Paris, France. 
 
 No. 57. Megatherium cuvieri . B5 Molar tooth, showing pulp 
 cavity and bilophodont crown. 
 
 Pleistocene: Buenos Ayres. 
 
 56 . 
 
 No. 58. Bootherium bombifrons , 66 Skull with horns ; 
 very well preserved. 
 
 Pleistocene: Big-bone Lick, Kentucky. 
 
42 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 No. 60. P alceotherium 
 crassum 68 Perfectly 
 preserved head. Spe- 
 cimen first described 
 by Cuvier. 
 
 Eocene Tertiary: 
 Paris, France. 
 
 No. 61. Tapirus auvei'nensis . Portion of skull of fossil Tapir. 
 
 Pliocene Tertiary: Auverne, Central France. 
 
 No. 62. Trogonotherium cuvier iP Lower 
 jaw (left ramus) of fossil Beaver. 
 Pliocene Tertiary: Norfolk, England. 
 
 60 . 
 
 No. 63. Oreodon.culbertsoni. 60 
 Skull entire. 
 
 Eocene Tertiary: 
 Mauvaises Terres, Nebraska. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 43 
 
 62 . 
 
 No. 65. Elephas americanus . 6a Tooth 
 of Mammoth. 
 
 Pleistocene: 
 
 St. Catharines, Canada West. 
 
 63 . 
 
 No. 66. Dodo ineptus , 63 Head. 
 This specimen is of the highest 
 interest ; belonging, as it does 
 to a species which has become 
 extinct during the present or 
 historical period. 
 
 Pleistocene: 
 
 Island of Mauritius. 
 
 No .67. Sivatkerium giganteum. Lower jaw ; left ramus. 
 
 Miocene Tertiary: Sewalik hills, India. 
 
 64 . 
 
 No. 68. Pliopithecus antiquusP Lower 
 jaw of fossil Monkey. 
 Miocene Tertiary: 
 
 Auvergne, Central France. 
 
 65 . 
 
44 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 66 . 
 
 No. 70. Human Skull, 06 discovered in 1857, 
 in a limestone cave in the Neanderthal, be- 
 tween Diisseldorf and Elberfeld. The rest of 
 the skeleton was found with it. The part of 
 the cranium preserved consists of the portion 
 above the roof of the orbits, and the superior 
 occipital ridges. It includes almost the whole 
 of the frontal bone, both parietals, a small 
 part of the temporals, and the upper part of 
 the occipital. The surface of the original is 
 covered with delicate dendrites. It is the most 
 pithecoid of human crania yet discovered, and 
 has a very small cerebral development. The 
 posterior cerebral lobes must have projected 
 considerably beyond the cerebellum ; thus 
 showing a similarity to certain Australian 
 skulls. The conclusions of Prof. Huxley are : 
 First, that the extraordinary form of the skull is due to a natural con- 
 formation, hitherto not known to exist even in the most barbarous races ; 
 secondly, that it belongs to a period antecedent to the time of the Celts in 
 Germany, and was in all probability derived from one of the wild races of 
 Northwestern Europe ( autochthonus ) ; and thirdly, that it is beyond doubt 
 traceable to a period at which the latest animals of the diluvium still 
 existed. Further facts on the subject may be found in Lyell’s Antiquity 
 of Man . 
 
 No. 71. Dodo ineptus. Foot; skin still covering. Pleistocene: Isle Mauritius. 
 
 No. 72. Rhinoceros Lower jaw; right ramus. Pliocene: Central France. 
 
 No. 73. Rhinoceros minutus. Last molar tooth. Miocene: Steinheim, Wirtemberg. 
 
 67. 
 
 CD. * 
 
 S/2 —T 
 
 IS 
 
 " OK, 
 
 o a 
 
 5 r 
 
 5’ H 
 
 CD 
 
 p ^ 
 
 cr a 
 
 o -* 
 
 CD CS 
 
 CD 
 
 <1 
 
 or a 
 p’CTC5 
 5. ct> 
 
 P CO 
 
 No. (o. Anchit hemum hairdii. Head. Eocene: Mauvaises terres, Nebraska. 
 No. 70. Palaotherium crassum. Lower jaw. Eocene Tertiary: Paris, France. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 45 
 
 The series is next continued in the wall-case, immediately to 
 the right of the window-case just noticed : 
 
 68 . 
 
 No. 77. 
 
 Holopty chins nobilissimus. 
 Very perfect and well- 
 preserved G-anoid fish. 68 
 Old Red Sandstone 
 (Devonian) : 
 Clashbennie, Scotland. 
 
 No. 78. Testudo - . Turtle, 23 inches long and 18th inches broad ; 
 
 carapace and plastron complete. 
 
 Miocene Tertiary: Sewalik hills, India. 
 
 69 . 
 
 No. 79. Labyrinthodon jce.geri.™ Head, with lower 
 jaw firmly closed. The portions of this most sin- 
 gular fossil which have thus far been found, show 
 that it belonged to the order of Batrachia, and 
 was most nearly allied to the Frogs among living 
 animals. Its length, as estimated by Owen, was 
 about nine feet. 
 
 Upper Trias (Keuper) : Wirtemberg. 
 
 No. 80. A?iomcepus major' 9 Tracks of 
 hind-feet, with impressions made by coc- 
 cygeal bone (See Hitchcock’s Ichnology 
 of Massachusetts , pp. 59 & 60). 
 
 Trias? Greenfield, Massachusetts. 
 
46 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 No. 81. 
 
 71 . 
 
 No. 82. Ichthyosaurus platyodon . 7 1 This head, five feet in length, is the 
 largest which has ever been found of this huge fossil Enaliosaurian, or Marine 
 Lizard. The muzzle is entire, and armed with many score of formidable 
 teeth. The eye, seven and a half inches in diameter, is cased by an armor of 
 sclerotic plates, which protected it against the many injuries to which it was 
 subject in the fierce encounters in which the animal engaged. The original 
 head, which must have belonged to an individual over sixty feet in length, 
 was found in the beds of Lias, Lyme Regis, England. 
 
 No. 83. Isotelus megistus . 72 This speci- 
 men, 22 inches in length, is a restora- 
 tion, by aid of actual fragments which 
 have been found. It shows well the head 
 and tail-shields, and the intervening 
 movable segments by means of which 
 the animal could fold or double its body 
 together. 
 
 Lower Silurian: Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 73 . 
 
 No. 84. 
 
 Leptorhynchus giganteus. 73 
 The muzzle, two feet long, of a 
 huge Gavial-like Saurian. 
 Miocene Tertiary: 
 
 Sewalik hills, India. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 47 
 
 No. 85. Crioceras humboldtianus . 74 An interesting 
 Cephalopod shell, whose open whorls are covered 
 on every side with sharp conical spines. 
 
 Lower Cretaceous? SantaFe de Bogota, S. America. 
 
 75 . 
 
 No. 86. Machairodus neogceus™ The head of this fossil Lion is armed 
 with two trenchant sabre-like teeth, which gave it, while living, most 
 terrible powers of destruction. Bone Caverns (Pleistocene) : Brazil 
 
 76 . 
 
 No. 88. Ichthyosaurus intermedius. Posterior half of skull, with the eye 
 and sclerotic plates deeply dissected out. Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
48 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 No. 89. Zeuglodon hydrarchus . 77 A skull nearly three feet long. 
 
 Eocene Tertiary: Claiborne, Alabama. 
 
 No. 90. Rhinoceros palceindicus. Skull. Miocene Tertiary: Sewalik hills, India. 
 
 78 . 
 
 teresting Crinoid, with the arms expanded nearly a foot, and the stem 
 over seven feet long. Lias: Boll, Wirtemberg. 
 
 79 . 
 
 No. 92. Elephas primi genius. ^ Perfect lower 
 jaw of a young individual, with the molar 
 teeth still in place. 
 
 Pleistocene: Lippethal, Rhenish Prussia. 
 
 No. 93. Rhinoceros schley ermacheri. Lower jaw, left ramus of adult 
 specimen. Miocene Tertiary: Germany. 
 
 No. 94. Pterodactylus rhamphastinus. Skeleton nearly entire ; on a 
 slab. Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite) : Darting, Bavaria. 
 
 No. 95. Encrinus liliiformis . 80 Slab 
 (17 inches by 9), with three very 
 perfect heads and stems. 
 Muschelkalk (Middle Trias) : 
 
 Brunswick, Germany. 
 
 80 . 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 49 
 
 81 . 
 
 No. 96. Ichthyosaurus platyodon . 8l Paddle, three and one-half feet long. 
 
 Lias: Glastonbury, So nersetshire, England. 
 
 82 . 
 
 No. 97. 
 
 Evry sternum wagleri , 82 
 Small fossil Turtle, with 
 extremities projecting 
 heyond carapace. 
 Lithographic limestone 
 (Upper Oolite) : 
 Solenhofen, Bavaria. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 4 
 
50 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 83 . 
 
 No. 98. Cheirotherium larthi , 83 
 Slab six feet in length, covered 
 with large hand - shaped tracks, 
 which have been referred to «an 
 extinct reptile provisionally 
 termed Cheirotherium (hand- 
 animal), but very probably identi- 
 cal with the Labyrinthodon 
 (No. 79), whose remains have been 
 found in the same locality. 
 
 New Red Sandstone (Lower Trias): 
 Jena, Germany. 
 
 No. 99. Anoplotherium commune. Hind-foot. Eocene Tertiary: Paris, France. 
 
 The remainder of the casts are to the left, in the wall-case 
 between the third and fourth window-cases. They are : 
 
 No. 100. Ammonites giganteus . 84 A perfectly preserved specimen of extra" 
 ordinary size, being no less than two feet two inches in diameter. 
 
 Upper Oolite: Isle of Portland, England. 
 
THE WADSWORTH GALLERY. 
 
 51 
 
 No. 101. Gyrodus circularis. Large Ganoid fish, perfectly preserved in all 
 its parts ; two feet six inches long. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Wirtemberg. 
 
 85 . 
 
 No. 102. 
 
 Hexaprotodon ( Hippopotamus ) 
 sivalensis , 85 Skull two feet long. 
 Miocene Tertiary: 
 
 Sewalik hills, India. 
 
 87 . 
 
 No. 103. 
 
 Megalonyx jeffersoni . es 
 Skull. This extinct Sloth, a 
 congener of the Megatherium 
 and Mylodon, formerly in- 
 habited many parts of the 
 United States south of the 
 Ohio. It was first discovered 
 and described (1797) by 
 Thomas Jefferson, 
 President of the United States. 
 Pleistocene: Natchez, Mississippi. 
 
 No. 184. Plesiosaurus macrocephalusP A very perfect specimen of this 
 
52 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 lcmg-necked Saurian, with its body bowed or bent around ; on a slab 
 2 feet 11 inches, by 1 foot 5 inches. Lias: Lyme Regis, England. 
 
 88 . 
 
 No. 105. Aspidorhynchus speciosus . 88 Fossil Fish. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite): Eichstaedt, Bavaria. 
 
 89 . 
 
 No. 106. Phytosaurus ( Belodon ) kapffii , 89 Skull. 
 
 Keuper (Upper Trias) : Stuttgardt, Wirtemberg. 
 
 90 . 
 
 No. 107. Lepidotus maximus . 90 
 Fragment, 18 inches broad by 30 inches 
 long, showing finely the ganoid style 
 of scales. 
 
 Lithographic limestone (Upper Oolite) : 
 Solenhofen, Bavaria. 
 
( C.) 
 
 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS 
 
 POUND IN 
 
 ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 By JOHN A. PAINE, Jr. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 This Catalogue is designed to be a record of the observations of botanists who have 
 resided in the central part of the State. Many names are given fully; others, of the 
 most active, of necessity are abbreviated and without titles, but are well known in 
 this branch of science : — Prof. Chester Dewey. D.D., LL.D.. of Rochester; Prof. 
 James Hadley, M.D., of Buffalo; Peter D. Knieskern, M.D., of Shark-river N.J.; 
 Henry P. Sartwell, M.D., Ph.D., of Penn-Yan; Samuel B. Bradley, M.D., of 
 West-Greece; Ithamar B. Crawe, M.D., formerly of Watertown; Professor Asa 
 Gray, M.D., LL.D., of Cambridge, Mass.; Hon. George W. Clinton, LL.D., of 
 Buffalo; Professor Jonathan Pearson, of Schenectady; William A. Wood, M.D., 
 formerly of Dexter; George Yasey, M.D., of Ringwood, 111. 
 
 When names are given, they are authority for all localities of the sentence in which 
 they stand, but extend to no other sentence either preceding or following. When no 
 name is given, the reference is founded on observation by the writer. 
 
 Utica, December , 1864. 
 
 PEL33NOGAMIA. Flowering Plants. 
 
 I. DICOTYLEDONS. Dicotyledons. 
 
 1. AN GIOSP ERMPE. Angiosperms. 
 
 A. POLYPETALOUS EXOGENS. 
 
 RANUNCULACES. . Crowfoots . 
 
 ATPtAGENE, L. 
 
 Americana, Sims. American Atragene. 
 
 Shady rocks, woods and hillsides. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Otsego 
 county, B . D. Gilbert. Littlefalls, Herkimer county, south side of the Mo- 
 hawk, along the cliff. Yates county, Sartwell. Frequent. May. 
 
54 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 CLEMATIS, L. Virgin's Bower. Traveller's Joy . 
 
 Virginian A, L. Virginian Clematis . 
 
 Open woods occasionally, often along fences, walls j common on the banks 
 of streams. July - September. 
 
 ANEMONE, L. Anemone. Wind-flower . 
 
 multifida, DC 4 Many -parted-leaved Anemone. 
 
 On limestone rocks along the Black river at Watertown, Crawe, Gray in Rare 
 plants of Northern N.Y. On the rocky banks of the river at Watertown, 
 just by the bridge of the Brownville road, Gray. Along the river-cliffs be- 
 tween Brownville and Dexter, Vasey. To be looked for on the Thousand 
 Islands of the St. Lawrence. Gray. Rare. June. 
 
 cylindrica, Gray. Cylindrical-headed Anemone. 
 
 In dry pine barrens, near Oneida lake, New- York, Gray in Rare plants of 
 Northern N.Y. Pine plains, one mile north of New-London; abundantly a 
 few miles above Watertown, Knieskern. Along the north side of the Black 
 river, between Watertown and Dexter. Rare. May, June. 
 
 Virginiana, L. High Anemone. 
 
 Barren hillsides, along fences, in ravines. Abundant. June - August. 
 
 pennsylvanica, L. Round-headed Anemone. 
 
 Flats and banks of streams. Meadows of the Mohawk. Fish creek. Shores of 
 
 Abundant. June, July. 
 
 Wood Anemone. 
 
 the lakes. 
 
 NEMOROSA, L. 
 
 Rich shady woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Holland Patent, Miss J. E. John- 
 son. Deerfield. Frankfort hill, J.G .Crocker. Fish creek. Infrequent. May. 
 
 HEPATICA, Dillenius. 
 
 TRILOBA, Chaix. 
 
 Shady woods and ravines. 
 
 ACUTILOBA, DC. 
 
 Rich woods. 
 
 THALICTRUM, Tourn. 
 ANEMONOIDES, Michx. 
 
 Hepatica. Liver -leaf. 
 Three-lohed-leaved Hepatica. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 Acute-leaved Hepatica. 
 
 Common. March, April. 
 
 Rue. 
 
 Rue Anemone. 
 
 Open woods. Albany, herb. Bradley. Schenectady, Pearson. Common in a 
 few localities near New-London, Knieskern . Uncommon. April- June. 
 
 dioicum, L. Early Rue. Dioecious Rue. 
 
 Rocky banks and sides of ravines. Frequent. April, May. 
 
 cornuti, L. Meadow Rue. Discovered by Cornuti. 
 
 Wet meadows, low grounds and rich woods. Common. June - August. 
 
 RANUNCULUS, L. Crovfoots. Buttercups. 
 
 AQUATiLis, L., var. divaricatus, Gray. Water Crowfoot. 
 
 Cold streams. Schenectady, Pearson. Abundant in the raceway at Oriskany. 
 Two miles east of Rome, along the railroad, in a spring-brook. Fish creek, 
 Vienna, Knieskern. Gorham, Sartwell. Infrequent. June - August. 
 
 PURSHii, Richards. Floating Buttercup. Determined by Pursh. 
 Still water, bogs, in mud along rivulets. 
 
 “ Hooker, FI. Bor. Jim. a. foliis omnibus capillaceo-multifidis, flore ma- 
 jore, caule fistuloso. In stagnant water, throughout the western and northern 
 portions of the State : 
 
 J foliis submersis capillaceo-multifidis, natantibus reniformibus palmato- 
 multifidis. In muddy pools near Oneida lake : 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 55 
 
 y. repens, foliis inferioribus lineari-multipartitis, superioribus reniformibus 
 palmato-rauUifidis. In marshes, Watertown, Jefferson county:” Gray in 
 Rare plants of Northern N.Y. 
 
 Brandy brook, three miles north of Verona, Knieskern. Seneca lake, Sart - 
 well. Scarce. May- July. 
 
 Alism^EFOlius, Geyer. Water-Plant ain-leaved Crowfoot. 
 
 Greater Spearwort . 
 
 Overflowed banks. Western counties. Knieskern in herb. Vasey Crooked 
 lake, Sartwell. Rare. June -August. 
 
 FL AMATOL A, L. Flame Crowfoot. Lesser Spearwort. 
 
 Shore of Lake Ontario, Gray bot. Lake Erie, Gray in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. June -August. 
 
 var. reptans, Gray. Creeping Spearwort . 
 
 Sandy shores. At the water-line along the shores of the Eight lakes, north 
 Herkimer county. Shore of Lake Ontario, Vasey. Sackett’s-harbor ; mouth 
 of Oneida creek on the Lake shore; Chenango county, Knieskern. Marshy 
 edge of Owasco lake outlet, I. H. Hall. Uncommon. July - September. 
 
 CYAIBALARIA, Pursh. Seaside , Cymbal-leaved Crowfoot. 
 
 Salt-marshes and shores. On the borders of Onondaga lake, about the head 
 at Saliua and along the eastern sides. Abundant there: the only habitat given 
 by Pursh. A very singular plant, first detected by Pursh near the salt-works 
 of Onondaga, New-York, Hooker. Local. June - September. 
 
 abortivus, L. Abortive Buttercup. 
 
 Damp woods, wet places. Common. May, June. 
 
 sceleratus, L. Noxious Buttercup. 
 
 Ditches, muddy grounds. Mud creek west of Rome. Salina. 
 
 Infrequent. May- July. 
 
 recurvatus, Poiret. Hook-fruited Buttercup, 
 
 Shady wet woods. Frequent. May - July. 
 
 pennsylvanicus, L. Bristly Buttercup . 
 
 Brook-sides, ditches. Abundant. July - September. 
 
 fascicular is, Muhl. Early , Bundle-rooted Buttercup. 
 
 Dry hillsides. Gravelly banks of the Black river below Watertown. Gorham, 
 Sartwell in herb . Ham. Coll. Not common. April - June. 
 
 repens, L. Running Buttercup. 
 
 Overflowed places, along ditches, brooks, rivers. Common. May -August. 
 
 clintonii, Beck. Dedicated to Gr. W. Clinton. 
 
 u Leaves ternate. 3-cleft, hairy, hairs close-pressed; extreme upper leaflets 
 lanceolate : stem entirely prostrate, creeping, zigzag : petals obovate, sub- 
 retuse : calyx caducous; seed compressed, margined: beak hooked. Flowers 
 large, resembling those of the repens. In Oneida county, between Rome and 
 Oriskany, near the Erie canal, patches of ground, several yards in extent, 
 are often covered with this species. The flowers are rarely elevated more than 
 8 or 10 inches above the ground, though the stem creeps more than a yard 
 from the root. I discovered this plant in the summer of 1824.” Eaton bot. 
 
 “ Somewhat hairy; stems creeping and rooting at each of the joints; lower 
 leaves on long petioles, ternate; leaflets toothed and incised, cuneate, ter- 
 minal one petioled; floral leaves incised or linear; peduncle 1 -3-flowered; 
 petals rounded; calyx spreading; carpels margined, with a short uncinate 
 style. Banks of the canal, near Rome, Oneida county, N.Y. Much smaller 
 than R. repens, in all its parts except the flower, which is of a bright yellow 
 and about as large as that of R. acris. Leaves seldom more than 1| inches 
 in length, and about the same in breadth. Stems distinctly creeping like those 
 of R. reptans : flowering ones 6-8 inches high. Style short and hooked.” 
 Beck bot. 
 
56 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 The peculiar habit of t he plant carpeting the ground in patches, its prostrate 
 flowering stems, the low flowers, beaked fruit, small thick dark green leaves, 
 distinguish the species. Local. May -July. 
 
 BULBOSUS, L. Bulbous Buttercup. 
 
 Roadsides, pastures, borders of woods. Schenectady county, abundant on 
 the hillsides south of the Mohawk. Chenango county. Scarce. May - July. 
 
 ACRIS. L. 
 
 Way-sides, meadows, everywhere. 
 
 CALTIIA, L. 
 
 PALCSTRIS, L . 
 
 Wet meadows and swamps. 
 
 Yellow-weed. Acrid Buttercup. 
 Common. June - November. 
 
 Spring Cowslip. 
 Marsh Marigold. 
 Common. April - June. 
 
 TROLLIUS, L. American Globe-flower. 
 
 laxus, Salisbury. Spreading Trollius . 
 
 Frequent in arbor-vitse swamps on the south range of hills, from Summit 
 lake, Otsego county, through the cedar swamps of south Herkimer county. 
 Bridgewater and along the Oriskany creek, below Clinton, Gray. Three miles 
 west of Utica, near the Chenango canal, in abundance. 
 
 In exposed places, the American is not inferior in size or beauty to the 
 European Globe-flower. It stands from two to three feet high, has dark 
 green leaves, and bears flowers frequently two and a half inches in diameter, 
 which, in the sun, are deep golden yellow, veined above and tinged beneath 
 with green. A few flowers are sent up in autumn, but are cut down by the 
 first frost; yet perfectly formed flowers and leaves lie near the surface of the 
 ground during winter, enclosed in radical sheaths. In early spring, these 
 appear and expand fully at the height of two or three inches. Later, the 
 plants crowd in hemispherical clusters, which are covered with flowers : at 
 this height, twelve to fifteen inches, these are largest and most beautiful. 
 Others rise, until the last and highest about the middle of May, so that the 
 plant is in bloom during a month or more. April, May. 
 
 COPTIS, Salisbury. 
 
 TRIFOLIA, Salisb. 
 
 Moist woods under evergreens. 
 
 Goldthread. 
 Three-leaved Coptis . 
 Abundant. May, June. 
 
 AQUILEGIA, Tourn. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Clefts of rocks, rocky hillsides, and even in sandy soil. 
 
 Common. April 
 
 Columbine. 
 American Columbine. 
 
 October. 
 
 ACONITITM, Tourn. Aconite. Monkshood. 
 
 uncinatum, L. Hook-helmeted Monkshood. 
 
 In wet places on mountains. Chenango county, Major J. LeConte, Torrey 
 Cat. and FI. N.Y. Local. July, August. 
 
 ZANTHORHIZA, Marshall. Shrub Yellow-root. 
 
 apiifolia, LTHeritier. Celery-leaved Zanthorhiza. 
 
 In a deep ravine, Sherburne, eleven miles s >uth of Hamilton, J .S .Douglass, 
 Torrey FI. N Y., Gray hot. Cultivated by Prof. O. Root, in a ravine on 
 ColL’ge Hill, Clinton, where it flourishes : remains long in flower. 
 
 April - June. 
 
 HYDRASTIS, L. Herb Yellow-root. 
 
 canadensis, L. Orange-root. 
 
 Moist woods and wet meadows. Clinton, Dr. Seth Hustings. Oneida county 
 and vicinity; Greece, Bradley. Yates county, rare, Sartwell. Abundant in 
 open woods in Niagara county, Kriieskern. Rare. April, May. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 57 
 
 ACTJEA, L. 
 spicata, L. 
 
 var. rubra, Michaux. 
 Ravines, borders of thickets. 
 
 var. alba, Michaux . 
 
 Flats of streams, moist open woods. 
 
 Baneberries. 
 Spicate Actcea. 
 Bed Baneberry. 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 White Baneberry. 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 CIMICIFUGA, L. Snakeroot. 
 
 racemosa, Elliott. Black-rooted , Bacemed Cimidfuga. 
 
 Rich woods, rocky shaded hillsides. Ilelderberg mountains, Pearson. Abun- 
 dant along the Chenango valley, especially near Binghamton, on dry gravelly 
 hills, Knieskern. Rocky banks of Seneca lake, near Starkey, l r ates county, 
 Vasey. Greece, on the banks of Genesee river, Bradley. 
 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 MAGNOLIACE.E. Magnolias. 
 
 MAGNOLIA, L. Magnolia. 
 
 acuminata, L. Cucumber -tree. Pointed-leaved Magnolia. 
 
 Fertile soil. Near Ithaca Knieskern, Vasey. Dundee, l r ates county, Wright 
 in herb. Vasey. Penn-Yan, Sartwell . Open woods in Niagara county, Knies- 
 kern. Rare. June. 
 
 LIRIODENDRON, L. Whitewood. Tulip-tree. 
 
 tulipifera, L. Tulip-bearing Liriodendron. 
 
 Sunny hillsides, rich woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Littlefalls, south side 
 of the Mohawk', Whitesborough; Oriskany; frequent about Oneida lake; 
 Onondaga county. About Auburn, I. H.Ilall. Broome county, H. Lathrop. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 ANONACEJE. Custard- apples. 
 
 ASIMINA, Adanson. North- American Papaw. 
 
 triloba, Bunal. Three-lobed-calyxed Asimina. 
 
 Rich banks. Greece and Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. Shore of Lake 
 Erie, near Barcelona, Chautauqua county, Knieskern. Rare. April, May. 
 
 MENISPERMACEJE. 
 MENISPERMUM, L. 
 
 CANADENSE, L. 
 
 Woods, thickets, especially alon: 
 Mohawk. 
 
 Moonseeds. 
 
 Moonseed. 
 Canadian Menispermum. 
 
 streams. Abundant in the valley of the 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 BERBERIDACEJE. Berberids. 
 
 BERBERIS, L. *. Barberry. 
 
 VULGARIS , L. Common Berberis. 
 
 Naturalized sparingly by roads, hedges, borders of w’oods. New-IIartford. 
 
 May. 
 
 CAULOPHYLLUM, Michaux. Blue Cohosh. P appoose-root . 
 
 thalictroides, Michx. Bue-like Caulophyllum. 
 
 Woods, fences, ravine bottoms. Abundant. April, May. 
 
58 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 JEFFERSONIA, Barton. Jeffersonia. 
 
 diphylla, Per soon. Twin-leaf. 
 
 Rich woods, limestone rocks. About three miles west of Dexter, Jefferson 
 county, Vasey. Near Geneva, Sartwell in herb. Ham . Coll. Rare. April. 
 
 PODOPHYLLUM, L. Mandrake . May-apple. 
 
 peltatum, L. Peltate Podophyllum. 
 
 Fences, meadows, borders of woods, flats of streams. Abundant. May. 
 
 NELUMBIACEiE. - Sacred Bean. 
 
 NELUMBIUM, Jussieu. Nelumbo . Lotus. 
 
 luteum, Willd. Yellow Nelumbium. 
 
 Lake Ontario, Big Sodus bay, Wayne county, near the road just north of the 
 bridge, Sartwell . Local. June, July. 
 
 CABOMBACEH3. Water-shields . 
 
 BRASENIA, Schreber. Water-target. 
 
 peltata, Pursh. Peltate Brasenia. 
 
 Still water, ponds, lakes. Abundant in the lakes of the north woods. Stag- 
 nant ponds in Verona, Knieskern . Mill-pond two miles northwest of New- 
 London. Lebanon, Madison county, Bradley. Schuyler’s lake, Otsego coun- 
 ty, G. W. Clinton. Crooked lake, Sartwell. Rare. June - September. 
 
 NYMPHiEACEvE. Water-lilies. 
 
 NYMPHiEA, Tourn. Water-nymph. 
 
 odorata, Aiton. Fragrant Water-lily. 
 
 Slow streams, ponds, borders of lakes; sometimes in mud, with erect leaves 
 and flowers. Common in the lakes of the north woods; Oneida lake; Oneida 
 creek; Cedar lake and Hidden lake, south Herkimer county. Otsego coun- 
 ty, H. L at hr op. 
 
 The variety with rose-colored flowers, in Raquette lake, north Hamilton 
 county. 
 
 The variety with inodorous flowers, in an inlet of Lake Ontario, a mile or 
 two north of Oswego : plant very large in all its parts; flowers, six or seven 
 inches in diameter; leaves, eight to ten. Not common. June - September. 
 
 N UP HAH, Smith. Yellow Pond-lily. Spatter dock. 
 
 ad yen A, Aiton. Stranger {to the old world ) Nuphar. 
 
 Ponds, pools, ditches. Very common. May- August. 
 
 kalmiana, Pursh. Small Yellow Nuphar. Discovered by Kalm. 
 
 Tranquil water. Sanders’s lake, Glenville, Pearson. Mouth of Oneida creek, 
 Knieskern. Abundant in Black brook, near Oneida lake. Flint creek, Yates 
 county, Sartwell. Rare. May- July. 
 
 SARRACENIACE2E. Water-pitchers. 
 
 SARRACENIA, Tourn. Huntsman' s-cup. Pitcher -plant. 
 
 purpurea, L. Purple-flowered Sarracenia. 
 
 Swamps, especially in sphagnum. Abundant in the north woods. Schenec- 
 tady, on the Pine plains, Pearson. Paris hill; Graefenberg hill. Oriskany 
 swamp, Vasey. About Oneida lake. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 iieterophylla, Eaton. Varying-leaved Sarracenia. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow ; leaves variable, green, veinless. Sphagnous 
 swamp. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Local. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY, 
 
 59 
 
 PAPAVERACEJE. 
 
 CHELIDONIUM, L. 
 
 MAJUS, L. 
 
 About houses, walls, waysides. 
 
 Poppies. 
 
 Celandine. 
 Great Chelidonium. 
 Common. May - September. 
 
 SANGUINARIA, Dillenius. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Along fences, open woods, sides of ravines. 
 
 Bloodroot. 
 Canadian Sanguinaria. 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 FUMARIACEJS. 
 
 Fumitories. 
 
 ADLUMIA, Rafinesque. Climbing Fumitory. 
 
 CIRRHOSA, Raf. Alleghany -vine. Tendrilled Adlumia. 
 
 Moist shady places in rich woods. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. About 
 Otsego lake, Miss S. Cooper : II. Lathrop : B .D .Gilbert. Junius, Sartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Colt. Greece, Parma, Bradley. Rare. June - September. 
 
 DICENTRA, Borkhausen. Dicentras. 
 
 cucullaria, DC. Dutchman’s Breeches. Hooded- spurred Dicentra. 
 Moist rich soil. Common. April, May. 
 
 canadensis, DC. Squirrel- corn. 
 
 Shady woods, ravine-sides. Abundant. March - May. 
 
 eximia, DC. Purple , Choice Dicentra. 
 
 Rocky woods. Wayne county, not far from Sodus bay, Sartwell. 
 
 Local. May -August. 
 
 CORYDALIS, Vent. Corydalis. 
 
 aurea, Willd. Golden Corydalis. 
 
 Among shaded rocks. Along the north side of Black river, between Water- 
 town and Brownville. Rich soil near Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 
 Rare. May -July. 
 
 glaijca, Pursh. Glaucous Corydalis. 
 
 Rocks. Littlefalls, south side of the Mohawk; Bald-rock, north Herkimer 
 county. Recently burnt-over ground near Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 
 Frequent. May - August. 
 
 FUMARIA, L. 
 
 OFFICINALIS , L. 
 
 Garden Fumitory. 
 Officinal Fumaria. 
 
 A weed in gardens and cultivated grounds. 
 
 Frequent. Flowers throughout the season. 
 
 CRUCIFERiE. Crucifers. 
 
 NASTURTIUM, R. Brown. Cresses. Nasturtia. 
 
 OFFICINALE , R. Br. European , Officinal Watercress. 
 
 Cold streams. Springy hillside at the head of the raceway, Oriskany. Ja- 
 cob’s brook, Yates county, Sartwell. Scarce. May - July. 
 
 palustre, DC. Marsh Cress. 
 
 Overflowed places, ditches, muddy shores. Common. The typical form, Y'ates 
 county, Sartwell. June -August. 
 
 hispidum, DC. Hispid Cress. 
 
 Inundated banks of rivers. Along the Mohawk. Penn-Yan. Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. June - August. 
 
€0 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 LACUSTRE, Gray. Lake Cress . 
 
 Muddy banks, streams, lakes. In the St. Lawrence river near Ogdensburgh, 
 Crawe. Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. Jefferson county, Crawe in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Oneida lake, where it is very abundant in water two to five 
 feet deep, Gray. Along the shore of Oneida creek near its mouth, growing 
 erect twelve to eighteen inches. Rare. June - August. 
 
 J.RMORACIA, Fries. Horseradish. Water-side Nasturtium. 
 
 Waste places, walls, along water-courses. Frequent on the banks of the 
 Mohawk. Extensively naturalized. May- July. 
 
 BENTAEIA, L. 
 diphylla, L. 
 Moist woods. 
 
 Toothworts. Pepper-roots. 
 Tivo-leaved Dent aria. 
 Common. May. 
 
 maxima, Nutt all. Many -leaved, Great Dent aria. 
 
 Shady ravines. Western part of the State of New- York, Nut tall. Water - 
 town, N.Y., Crawe , Gray bot. Abundant in the ravine of Deerfield creek, 
 north of Utica, in deep moist soil. Among the headwaters of this creek on 
 the hills, along wooded rivulets, the flowers are purple and racemes elongated. 
 Leaves three, alternate, distant: root deeply interrupted. Rarely from the 
 axil of the highest leaf a smaller secondary stem springs, having two leaves 
 and a raceme. Rich bottoms of Starch-factory creek, east of Utica: the true 
 form. On the west side, along the border of the gulf, in moist places, a form 
 occurs between this species and D . diphylla ; having denticulate rootstalks, 
 three alternate remote leaves and white flowers. Both forms usually send up 
 a radical leaf, beside the stem. Rare. Early in May. 
 
 LACINIATA, Muhl. 
 Rich shady woods. 
 
 Necklace Pepper-root. Cut-leaved Hentaria. 
 
 Frequent. April. 
 
 heterophylla, Nuttall. Variable- leaved Hentaria. 
 
 Deep woods. Near Watertown, Jefferson county, Knieskern. Along bottoms 
 of gulf-sides in Deerfield creek, and woodland ravines on the hills. Leaves 
 two, sometimes four, alternate, remote, deeply divided into narrow lobes, 
 slightly toothed. Root moniliform, frailly connected. Rare. May. 
 
 CABDAMINE, L. 
 
 RHOMBOIDEA, DC. 
 
 Wet meadows and miry places in woods. 
 
 var. purpurea, Torr. 
 
 Low grounds along shaded streams. 
 
 Spring Cresses. 
 Rhomblike-leaved Cardamine. 
 Abundant. May, June. 
 Purple-flowered Cardamine. 
 Frequent. April, May. 
 
 Pratensis, L. Cuckooflower. Meadow Cardamine. 
 
 Swamps in the western part of the State, particularly in Oneida county, 
 Torr. FI. N.Y. Wet meadows and bogs on the flats of the Mohawk. Oriskany 
 swamp, Vasey. Plenty on Hidden lake, Litchfield, Herkimer county. Seneca 
 and Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell . Rare. April - June. 
 
 HiRSUTA, L. Bitter Cress. Hairy Cardamine. 
 
 Rocks, hillsides, springs, ditches brooks, swamps, muddy places in woods. 
 
 Very common. Throughout the season. 
 
 ABABIS, L. Wall-cresses. Rock-cresses. 
 
 lyrata, L. Lyr at e-root -leaved Rock-cress. 
 
 Clefts of rocks. Abundant on the cliffs at Littlefalls. Trenton falls, Knies- 
 kern. Frequent. April - October. 
 
 DENTATA, Torr. 4* Gr. Dentate-leaved Rock-cress. 
 
 Banks of streams. Near Utica, Gray , Torr.Fl.N.Y. Rare. May. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 61 
 
 hirsuta, Scopoli. Hairy Rock-cress. 
 
 Rocky banks. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Trenton falls, Knieskern. 
 Watertown, N.Y., Gray in herb. Ham. Coll. Along the Black river below 
 Watertown. Bluff point, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. May, June. 
 
 laevigata, DC. Smooth Rock-cress . 
 
 Shaded rocks, thickets along water-courses. Schenectady, Pearson. Cliffs 
 and steeps at Spraker’s, Montgomery county; Little falls of the Mohawk; 
 Trenton falls; banks of Fish creek, near the crossing of the Oswego county 
 turnpike. Vienna, Knieskern. Frequent. May- July. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. Sickle-pod. 
 
 Rocks, wooded hillsides. Rocks along the College brook, Schenectady, 
 Pearson. Southern tier of counties from Binghamton westward, on dry gra- 
 velly hillsides, rare, Knieskern. Y r ates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Scarce. June - August. 
 
 TURRITIS, Dillenius. Tower Mustard. 
 
 glabra, L. Smooth Tower-mustard. 
 
 Rocky banks, woods, fields. Watertown, N.Y., Torrey # Gray ; Knieskern 
 in herb. Ham. Coll. Along the north bank of Black river between Water- 
 town and Brownville, among rocks. Dexter, N.Y., Wood in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. May, June. 
 
 stricta, Graham. Straight -podded Tower-mustard. 
 
 Wooded banks of streams. Dexter, N.Y., Wood in herb. Ham. Coll. Wa- 
 tertown, Jefferson county, where it was first found by Crawe. Lebanon, 
 Chenango county, J. S. Douglass, Torrey FI. N . Y. Along Fish creek near 
 Humaston’s, Rome, Vasey. Rare. May. 
 
 BARBAREA, R. Drown. Winter Cress. 
 
 vulgaris, R. Br. Yellow Rocket. Common Winter-cress. 
 
 Wet grounds, roadsides, ditches, woods. A common weed. All the season. 
 
 ERYSIMUM, L. Treacle Mustard. 
 
 cheiranthoides, L. Wallflower -like Mustard . 
 
 Moist ground, along streams, clefts of rocks. Sparingly in Oriskany along 
 the creek, Vasey. Mohawk flats. Rocks at Chittenango falls. Penn-Yan, 
 Sartwell. Abundant. June - September. 
 
 SISYMBRIUM, L. Hedge Mustard. 
 
 OFFICINALE, Scopoli. Officinal Hedge-mustard. 
 
 Waste places. Very common. The season throughout. 
 
 SIN APIS, Tourn. 
 
 ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 Waste places, roadsides, cultivated fields. 
 
 True Mustard. 
 Charlock. Wild Mustard. 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 NIGRA , L. 
 
 About gardens and cultivated grounds. 
 
 Black Mustard. 
 Common. May - August. 
 
 DRAB A, L. Whitlow- grass. 
 
 arabisans, Michx. Arabis-like Draba. 
 
 Ledges, rocks, river-banks. Borders of small lakes in the northern part of 
 the State, Torrey Gray. St. Lawrence county, Gray in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Crevices of rocks at the mouth of Black river, Vasey. Sackett’s-harbor, 
 Knieskern in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. May- June. 
 
 verna, L. Whitlow- grass. Early Draba . 
 
 Rocks, hillsides, old fields. Received from Jefferson county, Sartwell. 
 Hackney falls, near Auburn, I. H. Hall. Rare. March - May. 
 
62 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 C AMELINA, Crantz. 
 SAT IV A, Crantz. 
 Along railroads. 
 
 False Flax. Gold of Pleasure . 
 
 Cultivated Camelina . 
 
 In flax, Knieskern. Penn-Yan, frequent, Sartwell. 
 
 May - July. 
 
 LEPIDIUM, L. Pepper grass. 
 
 virginicum, L. Virginian Pepperwort. 
 
 Streets, railroads. Common. June -August. 
 
 CAPSELLA, Vent. 
 
 B URSA-PAST ORIS, Moench. Shepherd' s-purse. 
 
 Everywhere common. April - October. 
 
 THLASPI, Dillenius. 
 
 ARVENSE, L . Penny cress. 
 
 Stony fields. State of New-York; rare. v.v.,Pursh. Naturalized in St. 
 Lawrence county. June, July. 
 
 RAPHANUS, L. 
 
 RAPHANISTRUM, D. 
 
 White Charlock. Wild Radish. 
 Jointed-podded Raphanus. 
 
 Waste places on the banks of the Mohawk. 
 
 Scarce. June, July. 
 
 CAPPARIDACEJE. Capers. 
 
 POL ANISIA, Rafinesque. Polanisia. 
 
 grayeolens, Raf. Heavy-scented Polanisia. 
 
 River-banks, shores of lakes. Schenectady, Pearson. Borders of Oneida 
 lake near Constantia, Vasey. Cayuga bridge, Bradley. Beach of Crooked 
 lake, Sartwell. Scarce. June -August. 
 
 RESEDACE M. 
 RESEDA, L. 
 
 Mignonetts. 
 
 Mignonette. 
 
 LUTEOLA, L. Dyer' s- weed. Yellow Reseda. 
 
 Roadsides in Western New-York, Gray bot. Fairfield? Herkimer county, in 
 herb. Hadley . Rare. June - August. 
 
 VIOLACEJE. 
 
 Violets. 
 
 SOLE A, Ging. Green Violet. 
 
 concolor, Ging. Uniform-colored Solea. 
 
 Shady woods. Near a small pond one mile east of Utica, in company with 
 Fedia fagopyrum ; near Yernon, J.S. Douglass, Knieskern. Near Penn-Yan, 
 Sartwell. Rare. May. 
 
 VIOLA, L. Violets. 
 
 rotundifolia, Michaux. Round-leaved Violet. 
 
 Rich woods, sides of ravines, shade of evergreens. Abundant. March -May. 
 
 lanceolata, L. Lance-leaved Violet. 
 
 Marshes, shores of streams. Albany, Beck bot. Schenectady, half a mile 
 east of Coon Chisholm’s, Pearson. Clinton, Bradley. Rare. May, June. 
 
 PRIMUL^efolia, L. Primrose-leaved Violet. 
 
 Wet meadows. Infrequent. April - June. 
 
 BLANDA, Willd. Pretty Violet. 
 
 Wet woods, low grounds, along rivulets. Common. April - June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY, 
 
 63 
 
 selkirkii, Goldie. Selkirk’s Violet. 
 
 Clayey hillsides, open woodlands, pastures, about stumps and old logs, 
 under young evergreens, and in deep mossy ravines. Abundant. 
 
 Oneida county appears to be one of the favorite abodes of this rare species. 
 It is as beautiful as V. blanda, and more interesting. In color, it is usually 
 deep blue, sometimes purple. In form, the flowers are like those of V. pedata , 
 with a long spur, and the leaves like those of V. blanda crenulated. It 
 prefers the north side of hills; and sometimes occurs exceedingly minute, 
 an inch high, leaves half as broad and smaller. The flowers are almost ephe- 
 meral; they can be found only during four or five days in April. 
 
 cucullata, Aiton. ' Hooded-leaved Violet. 
 
 Waysides, wet meadows and woods. Common. 
 
 Flowers with stripes of purple and white, along the rocky steep at Spra- 
 ker’s, Montgomery county. 
 
 Flowers pure white, up the ravine of Deerfield creek, and along brooks 
 on the Litchfield hills- May - July. 
 
 var. palmata, Gray. Hand-leaved Violet. 
 
 Swamps. Along Tan-house creek, Schenectady, Pearson. Near Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Crooked lake outlet, Sartwell. Rare. May - June. 
 
 sagittata, Aiton. Arrow-leaved Violet. 
 
 Dry hillsides, copses, pastures. Plains of Rome. Frequent. April, May. 
 
 pedata, L. Foot-leaved Violet. 
 
 Gravelly woods, sandy plains. On the Pine plains near the Gunsaul road, 
 Schenectady, Pearson. Rare. May - September. 
 
 ROSTRATA, Pursh. 
 
 Moist woods, rich flats along streams. 
 
 Beaked- spurred Violet. 
 Abundant. May, June. 
 
 mtjHLENbergii, Torrey. 
 Ravines and swamps. 
 
 Determined by Muhlenberg. 
 Common. April- June. 
 
 striata, Aiton. Veined-flowered Violet. 
 
 Rich open woods. Banks of the Mohawk opposite Whitesboro Seminary. 
 Oriskany, Vasey. Clark’s mills. Clinton; Franklin, Miss L. W. Shattuck. 
 
 Rare. April - September. 
 
 canadensis, L. Canadian Violet . 
 
 Groves and moist shady hillsides. Abundant. Completely covering the 
 ground in many woods. Flowers throughout the season. 
 
 PUBESCENS, Aiton. 
 
 Open woods, ravines, pastures. 
 
 Downy Yellow Violet. 
 Common. April - June. 
 
 var. eriocarpa, Nutlall. 
 Dry woodlands. 
 
 W oolly-fruited Violet. 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 var. scabriuscula, Torr. Gr. Rough-leaved Violet. 
 Copses. Albany, Beck bol. Oneida county, Knieskern. 
 
 Infrequent. May, June. 
 
 CISTACEiE. 
 
 Rock-roses. 
 
 HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. Sun-roses. 
 
 canadense, Michx. Frost-plant. 
 
 Rocks, sand. Everywhere in Schenectady, Pearson. Dry sandy plains near 
 Oneida lake, Knieskern. Common on our sandy knolls, Hartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. June - August. 
 
64 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 LECHEA, L. Lecheas. 
 
 major, Michaux. Greater Lechea. 
 
 Sterile soil. Pine plains, Schenectady, Pearson. Yates county; Avon, Sart- 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 minor, Lamarck. 
 
 Dry fields and pastures. 
 
 P inweed. Lesser Lechea. 
 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 DROSERACEAE. 
 
 Sundews. 
 
 DROSERA, L. Sundews. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Round-leaved Sundew. 
 
 Around springs, wet bogs, sphagnum swamps. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 longjfolia, L. Spatulate-leaved Sundew. 
 
 Sphagnous bogs. Borders of cold ponds near the chain of Eight lakes, north 
 Herkimer county; doubtless abundant throughout the north woods. Near 
 Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Cedar swamp, Gorham. Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 PARNASSIACEaE. 
 PARNASSIA, Tourn. 
 
 CAROL INI AN A, Michx. 
 
 Parnassias. 
 
 Grass of Parnassus. 
 Carolinian Parnassia. 
 
 Springy banks and along streams. In the spray from the High falls, Trenton 
 falls; below the falls, near the lower dam, abundant. Wet cliffs on the east 
 branch of Fish creek, at Fall brook, abundant there; along the banks of the 
 creek below Taberg station. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 HYPERICACEiE. 
 
 St.Joh?ds-worts. 
 
 HYPERICUM, L. Hyperica. 
 
 pyramidatum, Aiton. Pyr amidol- flowered Hypericum. 
 
 River bottoms. Frequent in the valley of the Mohawk. Schenectady, Pear- 
 son. Littlefalls, Vasey. Two miles above Utica, on the north bank of the 
 river. Near Flint-hill, between the canal and the Mohawk; along Fish creek 
 
 Rare. July, August. 
 
 Perforated Hypericum. 
 
 Everywhere common. June - September. 
 
 Corymbed Hypericum. 
 
 Frequent. June - August. 
 
 Elliptical-leaved Hypericum. 
 
 Low grounds, wet shady banks of streams and lakes in the northern part of 
 Herkimer county. Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 near Taberg, Knieskern. 
 
 PERFORATUM , L. 
 
 Roadsides, fields, pastures. 
 
 corymbosum, Muhl. 
 
 Borders of woods, swamps. 
 
 ellipticum, Hooker. 
 
 MUTILUM, L. 
 Wet ground. 
 
 CANADENSE, L. 
 
 Diminutive-flowered Hypericum . 
 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Canadian Hypericum. 
 
 Along streams, swamps. Trenton falls. North woods. 
 
 Uncommon. June 
 
 September. 
 
 ELODEA, Pursh. 
 
 VIRGINICA, Nuttall. 
 
 Along brooks, swamps, sphagnum. 
 
 Marsh St-John's-wort. 
 Purple Elodea. 
 Common. July -'September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 65 
 
 ELATINACEAE. 
 
 ELxATINE, L. 
 
 AMERICANA, Aniott . 
 
 Muddy banks of streams. Albany, Beck. 
 
 Water-worts. 
 
 Water-wort . 
 American Water-wort . 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLACEJE. 
 
 Pinks, 
 
 SAPONARIA, L. 
 
 OFFICINALIS . L. 
 
 Dooryards, roa-dsides/railroads. 
 
 Soap- wort. 
 Officinal Saponaria . 
 Common. July- October. 
 
 SILENE, L. Catchfly. Campion . 
 
 stellata, Alton. Starry Campion. Stellate-leaved Silene. 
 
 Wooded hillsides. Near Sleepy -hollow. Tarrytowm; and abundantly on the 
 mountain-side above N yack., I. H. Hall. Near Oriskany, Knieskern. Fre- 
 quent on the banks of Crooked lake, Sartwell. Rare. July - September. 
 
 INFLATA, Smith, Bladder Campion. Inflated-calyxed Silene. 
 
 Dry gravelly soil. Verona, not common, Knieskern. Rare. July, August. 
 
 pennsylyanica, Michx. Wild Pink. 
 
 Rocky soil. Cliffs near Tarrytown, L H. Hall.. Amenia, Dutchess county, 
 Dow. Schenectady, Pearson. Rare. May— July. 
 
 Virginica, L. Fire Pink. 
 
 Open woods. Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. June, July. 
 
 JIRMERIA,L. Sweet-william Catchfly. 
 
 Escapes occasionally, sometimes troublesome, D . S. Heffron. 
 
 July - September. 
 
 antirrhina, L. Snapdragon Catchfly. 
 
 Roadsides, barren soil. Banks of Black river. Frequent. June- September. 
 
 NOCTIFLORA, L. Night -flowering Catchfly. 
 
 Borders of woods, fences, cultivated fields. Common. June - September. 
 
 LYCHNIS, Tourn. Dioecious Pink. 
 
 VESPERTINA , Sibthorpe. White Campion. Fvening-opening Lychnis. 
 
 Hedges, waste places. Elmira, Chemung county, Gray add. bot. 
 
 Rare. June - September. 
 
 AGROSTEMMA, L. 
 
 GITHAGO, L. 
 
 Grain-fields and their borders. 
 
 Cockle. Crown of the Field. 
 Black-seeded Agrostemma. 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 ALSINE, Wahl. Grove Sandwort. 
 
 michauxii, Fenzl. Discovered by Michaux. 
 
 Dry rocky hills and banks. Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. Abundant 
 along the Black river, from Lewis county to the lake. On sandy knolls two 
 miles above Utica, on the north side of the Mohawk, Miss J. E. Johnson. 
 
 Rare. May -July. 
 
 ARENARIA, L. Suniwort. 
 
 SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort. 
 
 Rocky banks, barren soil, lodges, sandy plains. Abundant. May - August. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 5 
 
66 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 MGEHRINGIA, L. Mcehringia . 
 
 lateriflora, L. Side-jlowering Mcehringia . 
 
 Along rivulets, shady wet woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Near Sackett’s- 
 harbor, not far from the lake shore; sandy woods near Oneida lake, Knies- 
 kern. Along the Black river and on the banks of the Mohawk, a very small 
 form occurs in exposed stations. Infrequent. May, June. 
 
 STELLARIA, L. 
 
 MEDIA, Smith. 
 
 Waste places. A common weed. 
 
 S tar worts. 
 Intermediate-leaved Stellaria . 
 
 April - November. 
 
 LONGIFOLIA, Muhl. 
 
 Brook-sides and meadows. 
 
 hong-leaved Stellaria. 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 longipes, Goldie. hong-pedicelled Stellaria, . 
 
 Barren rocky ground near Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Dexter, N.Y.,. 
 Wood in herb . Ham . C oil . Rare. June, July. 
 
 borealis, Bigelow. Northern Stellaria. 
 
 Wet meadows, grassy swamps. Qriskany, Whitestown; Rome. 
 
 Infrequent. June - August. 
 
 CERASTIUM, L. 
 VULGATUM, L. 
 
 Pastures, stony ground. 
 
 VISCOSUM, L. 
 
 Meadows, fields, walls. 
 
 Mouse- ear Chickweed. 
 Common Chickweed. 
 May - October. 
 
 Clammy Chickweed. 
 April - July. 
 
 nutans, Bajinesque. Nodding- fruited Chickweed. 
 
 Cold springs and rivulets. Below Watertown, along the Black river. 
 
 Rare. May- July. 
 
 arvense, L. Cornfield Chickweed. 
 
 Rocky ground, cultivated fields. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. 
 
 Infrequent. May - August. 
 
 SAG-IN A, L. Pearlwort . 
 
 procumbens, L. Procumbent Sagina. 
 
 Wet sandy banks and shores. Rare. June - August. 
 
 SPERGULA, L. Spurrey . 
 
 ARVENSIS, L. Grain-field Spergula . 
 
 Along railroads, roadsides, fields. Among flax, Knieskern. 
 
 Frequent. June - September. 
 
 ANYCHIA, Michx. Forked Chickweed. 
 
 dichotoma, Michx. Dichotomous-stemmed Anychia. 
 
 Dry hillsides. Schenectady, Pearson. Pine plains of Rome, Vasey. Frequent 
 in Yates county, Sartwell. Uncommon. June - August.. 
 
 SCLERANTHUS, L. Knawel. 
 
 ANNUUS, L. Annual Scleranthus. 
 
 Damp sandy or gravelly places. Pine plains of Schenectady, Pearson. Waste 
 places in Oneida county, Knieskern. Scarce. May - August. 
 
 MOLLUGO, L. Indian Chickweed. 
 
 verticil lata, L. Carpet-weed. Whorled-leaved Mollugo. 
 
 Roadsides, shores. Sandy shore of Oneida lake. Rare. June - September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY, 
 
 67 
 
 Purslanes . 
 
 PORTULACACE^E. 
 
 PORTULACA, Toum. Purslane. 
 
 OLEIMCEjI, L. Garden Fortulaca. 
 
 Waste places; a weed in cultivated grounds. June - August. 
 
 CL A YT ONI A, L. Spring-beauties. 
 
 yirginica, L. Linear-leaved Clatonia. 
 
 Rich river bottoms. Along the Mohawk below Utica; abundant opposite 
 Whitesboro. Fish creek, Knieskern. Rare. May. 
 
 CAROL INI ana, Michx. Broad-leaved Clatonia . 
 
 Everywhere in woods, groves, copses, swamps. Common. March, April. 
 
 MALVACEAE, Mallows. 
 
 MALVA, L. True Mallows. 
 
 RQTUNBIFOLIA , L. Bound-leaved Mallow. 
 
 Dooryards, streets, waste places. Common. May - September. 
 
 SYLVESTRIS , L. Woodland Mallow. 
 
 Borders of woods and roadsides remote from gardens. Everywhere scattered 
 and abundant. May — September. 
 
 MOSCHJ1TJ1, L. Musk-scented Mallow. 
 
 Way-sides; well established as the former, and often with it. Abundant in 
 many places. May - August. 
 
 ABUTILON, Tourn. Velvet-leaf. Indian Mallow. 
 
 J1VICENNJE, Gsertner. Dedicated to Avicenna. 
 
 Gardens, roadsides, waste-places. Frequent. July - September. 
 
 HIBISCUS, L. Mallow-rose. 
 
 moscheutqs, L. Musk Hibiscus. 
 
 Marshes, both of salt and of fresh water. Plentifully in the marshes around 
 the Salt lake, Onondaga, New- York, Pursh. Abundant in the marshes along 
 the outlet ©f Cayuga lake. Around Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, C. M . 
 Booth . Rare. July - October. 
 
 TILIACEJG. 
 
 Lindens. 
 
 TILIA, L. 
 
 AMERICANA, L. 
 
 Rich woods. Common. 
 
 Linden-trees. 
 
 Basswood. 
 June, July. 
 
 LINACEJE. 
 
 Flaxes 
 
 LINUM, L. Flax. 
 
 VIRGINIANVM, L. Wild Yellow Flax. 
 
 Dry hills. Tarrytown in open Tocky woods, I. H. Ball. Schenectady county, 
 E. W.Puige. Yates county, Sartwell. Roadsides in the southern tier of 
 counties, Knieskern . Rare. June - August. 
 
 US I TA T IS SI MUM, L. Cultivated , Useful Flax . 
 
 Borders of fields, waysides Abundant all along on the Central railroad. 
 
 June - August. 
 
68 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 OXALIDACEiE. 
 
 Sorrels . 
 
 OXALIS, L. Wood-sorrel . 
 
 acetosella, L. American Wood-sorrel . 
 
 Moist rich woods. Most a'bnnd'ant on the hills. Common. May - August. 
 
 Viol ace A, L. Violet-colored-flowered Wood- sorrels 
 
 Shaded rocks and rich woods, Charlton near Schenectady, Pearson. Vicinity 
 
 of Oriskany, Vasey. 
 STRICTA, L. 
 
 Along roads, walls, streams. 
 
 Rare. April August. 
 
 Upright Yellow Sorrel . 
 Common. May - September. 
 
 GERANIACEJS, 
 GERANIUM, L. 
 
 MACFLATFM, L . 
 
 Moist woods, meadows. 
 
 Geravia . 
 
 Wild Geraniums . 
 Crane 1 s-hill. Spotted-leaved Geranium. 
 
 Abundant. May- July. 
 
 CAROLINIANUM, L. Field Geranium . 
 
 Rocky barren soil, waste grounds, Schenectady, Pearson. Littlefalls, south 
 side of the Mohawk, on the rocks. About Dexter factories, Oriskany, Knies- 
 kern. High dry banks along the Black river below Watertown. Frequent in 
 Yates county, Sartwell. Uncommon. May - July, 
 
 PUSILLUM, U. Small-flowered Geranium. 
 
 Gravelly or sandy soil. Waste-places in Clinton. Roadsides a few miles east 
 of Constantia, north shore of Oneida lake, Vasey , Gorham, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. May - September. 
 
 Robertianum, L. Herb Robert. 
 
 Shady woods, rocky sides of ravines. Common. May - November. 
 
 ERODIUM, H Heritier. Heron 1 s-hill. 
 
 CICUTARIUM , L’Heritier, Water Hemlock-leaved Erodium. 
 
 Naturalized about Dexter factory, Oriskany, Knieskern . On the island op- 
 posite Constantia; along the north shore of Oneida lake near Constantia, 
 Vasey. Rare. June -August. 
 
 BALSAMINACEML Balsams. 
 
 XMPATIENS, L. Touch-me-not. Jewel-weeds , 
 
 pallida, Nutt all. Pale-flowered Impatiens. 
 
 Rich moist woods and ravines; forming thickets. Abundant. June - Sept. 
 
 eulva, Nutt all. Fulvous-flowered Impatiens. 
 
 Wet shady woods, along streams. Common. June - August. 
 
 LIMNANTHACEJB. Limnanths. 
 
 FLCERKEA, Willd. False Mermaid. 
 
 proserpinacoides, Willd. Mermaid-weed-like Flcerkea. 
 
 Low river-banks. Abundant in wet woods on the flats of the Mohawk, three 
 miles below Utica. Banks of Unadilla river, Gray. Auburn, this plant grows 
 in the wet part of the wood* where my Carex grows, J. Carey in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Rare. May, June, 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY* 
 
 69 
 
 RUTACEJE. Rues. 
 
 ZANTHOXYLUM, Golden. Prickly Ash. 
 
 AMERICANUM, Miller. Toothache Tree. 
 
 Water-courses, shores, low rich woodlands. Mohawk river. Along Wood 
 creek, and in neighboring swampy woods. Black river. Abundant about the 
 lakes of the north woods. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. 
 
 Frequent. March, April. 
 
 AXACARDIACEHS. 
 RHUS, L. 
 
 TYPHINA, L. 
 
 Rocky woods, copses, hillsides. 
 
 GLABRA, L. 
 
 Barren grounds, rocks. 
 
 COPALLINA, L. 
 
 Rocks and dry localities. Otsego 
 Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 
 Cashews. 
 
 Sumachs. 
 Staghorn , Fever Sumach. 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 Scarlet , Smooth Sumach. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 Mountain , Copal-like Sumach. 
 
 , B. D. Gilbert. Pine plains and near 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 venenata, DC. Poison Sumach. 
 
 Swamps, open woods, water-sides. Rotterdam, Pearson. Otsego county, H. 
 Lathrop. Oriskany swamp, Knieskern. Abates county, Sartwell. Rare. June. 
 
 RADICANS, L. 
 
 Ascending trees, covering walls, fences. 
 
 Climbing Poison Ivy. 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 TOXICODENDRON, L. 
 
 Borders of woods, river -banks, waysides. 
 
 Tree- like Poison Ivy. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 aromatica, Aiton. Fragrant Sumach. 
 
 Barren rocky grounds. Banks of the Black river below Watertown. In the 
 southern tier of counties, from Binghamton westward, Knieskern. Abundant 
 on the banks of Crooked lake, Sartwell . Infrequent. April, May. 
 
 VITACEiE. 
 
 YITIS, L. 
 
 LABRUSCA, L. 
 
 Woods, thickets, banks of streams. 
 
 aestivalis, Michaux. 
 
 Woods, high on trees, river banks. 
 
 Vines. 
 Grape-vines. 
 Wild Grape. 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 Summer Grape. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 cordifolia, Mich. Frost , Heart-leaved Grape. 
 
 Fence-thickets, borders of woods, brows of ravines, water-courses. 
 
 Common. Juee. 
 
 AMPELOPSIS, Michaux. 
 quinquefolia, Michx. 
 Moist woods, copses, walls. 
 
 Ivy. False Woodbine. 
 Five-leaved Ampelopsis. 
 Common. June. July. 
 
 RHAMXACEiE. 
 
 Buckthorns. 
 
 RHAMNUS, Tourn. Common Buckthorn. 
 
 CATHARTICUS, L. Purging Buckthorn. 
 
 Highlands of the Hudson, Barratt in herb. Ham. Coll. Common in hedges. 
 
 May, June. 
 
70 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET 
 
 ALNiFOLius, L'Heritier. Adder-leaved Buckthorn. 
 
 Cold swamps. Summit lake, Otsego county. Abundant in the high marshes 
 of Litchfield, State swamp and on Hidden lake. Formerly in the Oriskany 
 swamp. Vasey. Frequent in the marshes of the northern part of the county, 
 and the north woods. Yates county, Sartwell. Bergen swamp, northwestern 
 Genesee county. Uncommon. June. 
 
 CEANOTHUS, L. Red-root. 
 
 AMERICANUS, L. New- Jersey Tea. American Ceanothus. 
 
 Dry open woods. Schenectady. Alexandria bay. Western counties, Knies- 
 kern. Frequent. July - August. 
 
 ovalis, Bigelow. Long-leaved Ceanothus. 
 
 Rocky shores. Clefts of rocks on the banks of Black river, opposite Water- 
 town, Jefferson county; along the river between Watertown and Dexter. 
 
 Rare. May, June. 
 
 CELASTRACE^E. 
 CELASTRUS, L. 
 
 SCANDENS, L. 
 
 Woodlands, thickets, streams. 
 
 Staff -trees. 
 
 Bittersweet. Wax-work. 
 Climbing Celastrus. 
 Common. June. 
 
 EUONYMUS, Tourn. Waahoo. Burning-bush . 
 
 atropurpureus, Jacq. Dark-purple flowered Euonymus. 
 
 Thickets. Oneida county, H. Lathrop . Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 americanus, L. Strawberry -bush. American Euonymus. 
 
 Woods, streams. Western part of the State, Torrey FI. Western counties, 
 Knieskern. Genesee river, Sartwell in herb . Ham . Coll. Rare. June. 
 
 SAPINDACE^E. Soapberries. 
 
 STAPHYLEA, L. Bladder-pod. 
 
 trifolia, L. Three-leaved Staphylea. 
 
 Copses, thickets, river-banks. Common along the Mohawk; 
 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 ACER, Tourn. 
 
 PENNSYLYANICUM, L. 
 
 Moist- woodlands, ravines. 
 
 spicatum, Lamarck. 
 
 Thickets, steep rocky banks. 
 
 SACCHARINUM, Lw 
 Woods. Common. 
 
 var. nigrum, Gray. 
 
 Hilly woods. Occasional. Often as a shade tree. 
 
 Maples. 
 Striped Maple. 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 Spiked-flowered Maple. 
 Abundant. June. 
 
 Hard , Sugar Maple. 
 
 May. 
 
 Black Maple. 
 May. 
 
 DASYCARPUM, Ehrhart. White , Silver Maple. 
 
 Along streams. Banks of the Mohawk river throughout its length. The most 
 common shade tree in the streets of cities, villages. Infrequent. April. 
 
 RUBRUM, L. Red Maple. 
 
 Swamps Common. March, April. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 71 
 
 POLYG^LACE^E. 
 
 Milkworts. 
 
 POLYGALA, Tourn. Milkworts. Polygalas. 
 
 sanguinea, L. Crimson Polygala. 
 
 Damp meadows. Fairfield, Herkimer county, in herb. Hadley. Southern 
 counties, Knieskern. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 verticillata, L. Whorled-leaved Polygala. 
 
 Dry hillsides. Frequent. June - September. 
 
 senega, L. Seneca Snakeroot. 
 
 Rocks and dry woods. Schenectady. Pearson. On the sides of Black river 
 below Watertown. Genesee valley, Greece, Bradley. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 polygama, Walter. Polygamous Polygala. 
 
 Barrens, sandy woods. Pine plains west of Rome, Vasey. One mile north of 
 New'-London, Knieskern. Oneida lake, Gray. Rare. July, August. 
 
 paucifolia, Willd. Gay-wings. Fringed Milkwort. Few-leaved 
 
 Poly gala. 
 
 Abundant at Cooperstown. in low meadows and borders of woods, Miss S. 
 Cooper. Schoharie county, rare, Knieskern Pine plains of Rome, Vasey. 
 Evergreen woods on the banks of Black river below Watertown. 
 
 With white flowers, at Schenectady, Pearson ; and Otsego county, Mrs. 
 J. Shaw. Uncommon. May, June. 
 
 LEGUMINOSJE. Legumes . 
 
 LUPINUS, Tourn. Wild Lupine. 
 
 perennis, L. Perennial Lupine. 
 
 Sandy banks, pine woods. Plains of Schenectady, Pearson. Pine plains of 
 Rome and Oneida lake, abundant. Near Ovvasco lake, I. H. Hall. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 CR.OTALARIA, L. Rattlebox. 
 
 sagittalis, L. Arrow-leaved Crotalaria. 
 
 Rocks, sand. Rocks, Kingsbridge, N.Y., Carey in herb. Ham. Coll. Troy, 
 Beck in herb. Rare. June, July. 
 
 TRIFOLIUM, L. Clovers. Trifolia . 
 
 ARVENSE, L. Hare's-foot Trefoil. Field Clover. 
 
 Dry or gravelly soil. Schenectady Pearson. Along the Central railroad. 
 Dry borders of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Uncommon. July - September. 
 
 PRATENSE, L. Red, Meadow Clover. 
 
 Roadsides and fields. Naturalized and cultivated. Common. May -October. 
 
 reflexum, L. Reflexed-flowered Clover. 
 
 Opm woods. In the neighborhood of Utica, Knieskern. Near Salina lake, 
 Sartwell , Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. June, July. 
 
 repens, L. White , Creeping Clover. 
 
 Waysides, pastures, deep woods. Everywhere common. May - October. 
 
 AGRARIUM , L. Yellow , Agrarian Clover. 
 
 Sandy fields, gravelly banks. Schenectady, Pearson. Along the Central rail- 
 road. Hillsides opposite Utica. Shore of Lake Ontario at Sackett’s-harbor, 
 Knieskern. Torrey FI. Abundant in the cleared swamp west of Fort Bull, 
 Rome. Frequent. July - September. 
 
72 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 PROCUMBENS, L. Hop, Procumbent Clover. 
 
 Hillsides. Tarry town, frequent; also along the Central railroad at Skanea- 
 teles lake outlet, 1. H. Hall. Scarce. August. 
 
 MELILOTUS, Tourn. Sweet Clover. 
 
 OFFICINALIS , Willd. Yellow, Officinal Melilot. 
 
 River-banks and roadsides. Not infrequent throughout the valley of the 
 Mohawk. Troy. Schenectady, Pearson. Fort-Plain, B. D. Gilbert. Little- 
 falls; Utica; Deerfield. Uncommon. July - September. 
 
 ALBA, Lamarck. White-flowered Melilot. 
 
 Roadsides and railroads. Utica. Syracuse. Auburn, Hall. 
 
 Frequent. July - October. 
 
 MEDIC AGO, L. 
 
 LUPULINA, L. 
 
 Waste places, streets, railroads. 
 
 MACULATA. Willd. 
 
 Barren grounds. About the Dex 
 wool, Vasey. 
 
 Nonesuch. Black Medick. 
 Hop- like Medicago. 
 Common. May- November. 
 
 Spotted-leaved Medicago. 
 
 factories, Oriskany, introduced among 
 Scarce. June - September. 
 
 AMORPIIA, L. False Indigo. 
 
 fruticosa, L Shrubby Amorpha. 
 
 var. lewisii. Collected by Lewis. 
 
 Gravelly banks, along the Hudson river railroad, Tariytown, well established, 
 I. H. Hall. June, July, 
 
 ROBINIA, L. Locusts. 
 
 pseud acacia, L. False-acacia Robinia. 
 
 A common shade tree. Banks of the Hudson near Troy, Beck in herb. Ex- 
 tensively cultivated along the Central railroad, between Utica and Schenec- 
 tady, for timber. May, June, 
 
 TEPHROSIA, Pers. Hoary Pea. 
 
 Virginian A, Persoon. Virginian Tephrosia. 
 
 Sterile hills and sandy woods. Schenectady plains, Pearson. Fairfield, Her- 
 kimer county, in herb. Beck. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. June - August. 
 
 ASTRAGALUS, L. Milk-vetch. 
 
 canadensis, L. . Canadian Astragalus. 
 
 Banks and shores. Along the east side of Onondaga lake. Seneca lake, Sart- 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. June, July. 
 
 cooperi, Gray. Discovered by William Cooper. 
 
 Gravelly sides of lakes. Slopes along Onondaga lake between Salina and 
 Liverpool. Rare. July, August. 
 
 DESMODIUM, DC. Tick-trefoils. Desmodia. 
 
 nudiflorum, DC. Naked-flower- stemmed Desmodium. 
 
 Open woods, along streams. Schenectady, Pearson. Yalley of the Mohawk. 
 
 Frequent. July - August. 
 
 acuminatum, DC. Acuminat e-leaflet ed Desmodium. 
 
 Rich moist woods, bottoms of ravines. Common August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 73 
 
 rotundifolium, DC. Round-leaflet ed Desmodium. 
 
 Dry rocks and sand. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Woods north of Au- 
 burn, Hull. Junius, Sartwell in herb. Oak openings of Greece, Bradley. 
 
 canescens, DC. Canescent Desmodium . 
 
 Damp woods, thickets Schenectady, Pearson. Seneca lake, Beck in herb. 
 Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. July, August. 
 
 cuspidatum, Torr. Sp Gr. Cuspidate-br acted Desmodium. 
 
 Shaded streams. Fort Hill Cemetery, Auburn, in a deep rich glen, 1 . H. 
 Hall. Schenectady, Beck in herb. lYites county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coil. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 viridiflorum, Beck. Green-flowered Desmodium. 
 
 Sandy woods, copses. Cemetery of the old Dutch Church and along the river, 
 Tarrytown, Hall. Plains of Schenectady, Pearson. Herkimer county, Beck 
 in herb Seneca lake. Sartwell. Rare. July - September. 
 
 dillenii, Darlington. Dillenius’s Desmodium. 
 
 Copses, dry woods and fields. Tarrytown, J. H. Hall. Penn-l r an, Yates 
 county. Sartwell. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 PANICULATUM, DC. 
 
 Panicled Desmodium. 
 
 Open woodlands, borders of thickets. Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. 
 
 Frequent. August. 
 
 canadense, DC. Canadian Desmodium. 
 
 Dry woodlands. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Near Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 Auburn and Elbridge, Hall. Frequent. August. 
 
 CILIARE, DC. 
 
 Fringed Desmodium . 
 
 Sands. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Y'ates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Uncommon. July, August. 
 
 marilandicum, Boott. Maryland Desmodium. 
 
 Sandy fields, borders of thickets. Schenectady plains, Pearson. Southern 
 counties, P. D. K. in herb. Ham. Coll. Y'ates county, Sartwell . 
 
 Infrequent. August. 
 
 LESPEDEZA, Michx. Bush Clovers. 
 
 procumbens, Michx. Reclining Lespedeza. 
 
 Dry sandy woods and open fields. Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Pine plains of 
 Schenectady, E. W. Paige. Y'ates county, Sartwell. Rare. August. 
 
 repens, Torr. Gr. Prostrate Lespedeza. 
 
 Common in sandy soil about Tarrytown, not always in dry places, I.H Hall. 
 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 violacea, Persoon. Violet-flowered Lespedeza. 
 
 Gravelly banks, thickets. Alexandria bay. Penn-Y r an, Y'ates county, Sart- 
 well. 
 
 var. diyergens, Torr. Sp Gr. Loose-flowering Lespedeza. 
 
 Junius, Seneca couuty, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 var. sessiltflora, Torr. Sp Gr. Close-flowering Lespedeza. 
 
 Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 var. angustifolia, Torr. Sp Gr. Narrow-leaved Lespedeza. 
 
 Near the Aqueduct, Schenectady, Pearson. Frequent. July - September. 
 
 stuvei, Nuttall. Discovered by W. Stuve. 
 
 Sandy woods east of Tarrytown, not common, I. H. Hall. Rare. August. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 5* 
 
74 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 hirta, Elliott. Hairy Lespedeza. 
 
 Rocks and woods near the river. Tarrytown, Hall. Schenectady, Pearson. 
 Alexandria bay. Yates countv, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 capitata, Michx. Capitate-flowering Lespedeza. 
 
 Hillsides, borders of woods. Tarrytown, I. H Hall. Albany , Beck in herb. 
 Plains of Schenectady, Pearson. Pine barrens of Rome, Vasey. Alexandria 
 bay, Jefferson county. Abundant. August, September. 
 
 VICIA, Tourn. Tares. Vetches. 
 
 SAT IV A, L. Cultivated Vetch. 
 
 Borders of fields, along ditches. Common through the valley of the Mohawk. 
 
 June, July. 
 
 TETRASPERMA , L. Four-seeded Vetch. 
 
 Banks of the Hudson in the shade, Tarrytown, Hall. Albany, Beck in herb. 
 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 cracca, L. Cracca Vetch. 
 
 Plains of Schenectady, Pearson. Sandy fields on Paris hill. Between Oris- 
 kany and Rome, along the Central railroad. Rare. June - September. 
 
 caroltniana, Walter. Carolina Vetch. 
 
 Brooksides along the Mohawk. Below ITtica. Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 AMERICANA, Muhl . ' American Vetch. 
 
 Shady places along streams. Seneca lake, Gray. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. 
 Greece, Bradley. Scarce. June. 
 
 LATHYRUS, L. 
 
 MARITIMUS, Bigelow. 
 
 Beach Pea. 
 
 Vetchling. 
 Seaside Lathyrus. 
 
 Sandy shores of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Shore of Lake Ontario, Gray. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 ochroleucus, Hooker. Cream-coloredflowered Lathyrus. 
 
 Shaded banks. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe : Gorham, Ontario 
 county, Sartwell ; Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. Monroe county, 
 C. M. Booth. Rare. June, July. 
 
 palustris, L. Marsh Lathyrus. 
 
 Borders of marshes, rivers, lakes. Banks of the Mohawk; and of the St. 
 Lawrence at Alexandria bay. Genesee river below Rochester, Sartwell. 
 
 Scarce. July - September. 
 
 var. myrtieolius, Gray. Myrtle-leaved Lathyrus. 
 
 Shores. Northern N.Y., Gray in New and Rare plants. Seneca lake, Sart- 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. July, August. 
 
 PHASEOLUS, L. Kidney Bean , 
 
 perennis, Walter. Perennial Phaseolus. 
 
 Hillsides. Tarrytown, Hall. Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. July, August. 
 
 APIOS, Boerhaave. Glycine. Ground-nut. 
 
 tuberosa, Mcench. Tuberous Apios. 
 
 Thickets near water. West of Schenectady, Pearson. West bank of Otsego 
 lake, Miss S. Cooper . Banks of the Mohawk river. Oriskany swamp, Knies- 
 kern. Alexandria bay, Jefferson county. Abundant on Ovvasco lake outlet, 
 l- H. Hall. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Frequent. July - September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 75 
 
 AMPHICARPAEA, Elliott. 
 MONOICA, Nuttall. 
 
 Damp thickets, rich wet woods. 
 
 Ground Peanut. 
 Monoecious Amphicarpcea. 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 Wild Indigo. 
 
 BAPTISIA, Ventenat . 
 
 tinctoria, R. Brown. Dyeing Baptisia 
 
 Dry woods and sandy soil. Between Schenectady and Amsterdam. Pearson 
 Saratoga county, L. Collins. Junius, Seneca county. Sartwell in herb. Ham 
 Coil. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley . Vieinity of Rochester, C .M. Booth 
 
 Scaree. June - August. 
 
 CASSIA, L . 
 
 MARILANDICA, L . 
 Rich moist banks, 
 ley, Knieskern. 
 
 CHAMiECRISTA, L . 
 
 Wild Senna. 
 Maryland Cassia. 
 
 Abundant about Ballston lake, Pearson. Chenango val- 
 Uneommon. July, August. 
 
 Dwarf , Ground-touching Cassia. 
 
 Sandy hills and grounds. Albany, Beck in herb. Whitesboro. Dr. Gates in 
 herb . Beck. Often introduced into gardens. July - October. 
 
 nictitans, L. Sensitive-plant. Closing Cassia. 
 
 Banks of gravel or sand. Common at Tarrytown, l. H. Hall. From the 
 North river, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Troy, Beck in herb. 
 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 GYMNOCLADUS, Lamarck. 
 canadensis, Lam. 
 
 Coffee-tree. 
 ^Canadian Gymnocladus. 
 
 Rich bottoms along streams and shores Near Cayuga lake, Thompson in 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Ithaca, in herb. Van Duzee. Seneea lake, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll . Rare. May, June. 
 
 ROSACEA 
 
 PRUNUS, L. 
 
 Americana, Marshall. 
 
 Thickets on riyer-banks, along fences, 
 hawk. 
 
 SPINOSH, L. 
 
 Roadsides and old fields. 
 
 Roses . 
 
 Plums. Cherries . 
 Wild Plum. 
 
 Common over the flats of the Mo- 
 April. 
 
 Thorny Plum. 
 
 Frequent. April. 
 
 DOMESTIC A, L. Garden Plum. . 
 
 Common in the northern part of the county, spontaneous on edges of gar- 
 dens, dooryards, and forming thickets along fences. May. 
 
 pumila, L. Dwarf Cherry. 
 
 Sterile rocks and sand. On the plains of Schenectady. Pearson Clefts of 
 rocks by the side of Black river opposite Watertown, Jefferson county. 
 
 Rare. April, and early in May. 
 
 pennsylvanica, L. Bird , Red Cherry. 
 
 Abundant in clearings and ground recently burned over. Common in the 
 fields of the north woods reverting to wilderness. The worthless successor of 
 the noble Spruce and valuable Pine. There is, however, only one generation : 
 after a few years, having attained the height of about thirty feet, they die 
 and fall, to be replaced by the hard woods. May. 
 
 VIRGINIAN A, L. Ca 7 :'wt 
 
 Borders of woods, thickets, river-banks. 
 
 Choke Cherry. 
 Common. June. 
 
76 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 serotina, Ehrhart. Black, Late Cherry. 
 
 Woods, fences and water-courses. Formerly abundant, now scarce. June. 
 
 VULGARIS, Miller. 
 
 Frequent beside gardens, walls, roadsides. 
 
 Common , Sour Cherry. 
 
 April. 
 
 SPIRAEA, L. Meadowsweet. 
 
 opulifolia, L. Opulus-leaved Spircea. 
 
 Rocky woods and water-sides. Albany, Beck in herb. Banks of Norman’s 
 kill, Schenectady county E. W. Paige. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Ithaca, 
 
 Tompkins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. 
 
 June, July. 
 
 salicifoli A, L. Willow-leaved Spircea. 
 
 Swamps, meadows, banks of brooks. Common throughout the valley of the 
 Mohawk. Borders of lakes, along streams and in beaver meadows of the 
 north woods. Alexandria bay on the St. Lawrence. Frequent. July - Sept. 
 
 tomentosa, L. Hardback. Tomentose Spircea. 
 
 Sterile soils, pastures. Schenectady. Pearson. Saratoga county, L. Collins. 
 Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Low grounds in the northern part of the State. 
 
 Scarce. July - September. 
 
 GILLENIA, Moench. 
 trifoliata, Moench. 
 
 Indian Physic. 
 Trifoliate Gillenia. 
 
 Rich open woods and thickets. Bridgewater, Gray in herb. Beck. Near 
 Waterville Miss J E. Johnson. Sides of the Oriskany valley from Clinton 
 southward, Dr. John A. Paine. Banks of Seneca lake, Vasey . Rare. June. 
 
 AGRIMONIA, Tourn. 
 
 EUPATORIA, L. 
 
 Waysides, ravine-bottoms. 
 
 Common Agrimony. 
 The Ancient Eupatorion. 
 Common. June - September. 
 
 SANGUISORBA, L. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Burnet. 
 
 Canadian Sanguisorba. 
 Wet rocks, low meadows, swamps. Wet flats of the Mohawk between Utica 
 and Frankfort. Cedar swamp, Oriskany, Knieskern. Above Trenton falls 
 towards Prospect, rocks near the creek. Deep cedar swamp on Paris hill. 
 Borders of Hidden lake, Litchfield. Fish creek. Victor, Ontario county, 
 Bradley. Scarce. July -October. 
 
 GEUM, L. 
 
 album, Gmelin. 
 
 Damp woods and their borders. 
 
 VIRGINIANUM, L. 
 
 Avens. Geum. 
 White-flowered Avens. 
 Abundant. June - August. 
 
 Virginian Avens. 
 
 Common in swamps on the flats of the Mohawk, especially in the damp 
 cleared grounds; also in the thickets along the river-banks. 
 
 Rare elsewhere. June, July. 
 
 STRICTUM, Aiton. 
 
 Swamps, woods, low pastures, fences. 
 
 RIVALE, L. 
 
 Cedar swamps and wet meadows. 
 
 Yellow, Upright Avens. 
 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 Nodding, Purple, Rivulet Avens. 
 
 Common. May - July. 
 
 triflorum, Pursh. Three-jlowered Avens. 
 
 On rocks, Watertown, Jefferson county; very rare, Crawe , Torrey Fl.N.Y. 
 
 May, June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 77 
 
 WALii)STEINIA, Willd. Barren Strawberry. 
 
 fragarioides, Trattinick. Strawberry -like Waldsteinia. 
 
 Dry woods under the shade of hemlocks or arbor vitte, hillsides of streams, 
 sometimes in swamps. Frequent. May -August. 
 
 POTENTILLA, L. 
 
 NORVEGICA, L. 
 
 Roadsides, fields, pastures. 
 
 Cinquefoils. 
 Norwegian Potentilla. 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 canadensis, L. Canadian Potentilla. 
 
 Sandy wastes. Common at Schenectady, Pearson. Pine plains, Rome, and 
 sandy fields near the head of Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 
 Frequent. May - September. 
 
 var. pumila, Torr. fy Gr. Dwarf Potentilla. 
 
 Old pastures. Common. April - June. 
 
 var. simplex, Torr. ty Gr. 
 Copses and clearings. 
 
 Simple-stemmed Potentilla. 
 Abundant. May - August. 
 
 argentea, L. Silvery Potentilla. 
 
 Chiefly on rocks and gravelly banks. Schenectady. Littlefalls. Below Wa- 
 tertown. About Oneida lake. Frequent. May - September. 
 
 arguta, Pursh. Sharp- serrated-leaved Potentilla. 
 
 Open rocky hills, Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Sides of Wolf hollow, Schenectady 
 county, E . W. Paige. Rare. June - August. 
 
 anserina, L. Silverweed. Goose Potentilla. 
 
 Shores of rivers and lakes. Near Sanders’s lake, Pearson. Borders of Otsego 
 lake, B. D. Gilbert. Common all round Onondaga lake. Crooked lake, Sart- 
 well. Rare. June - November. 
 
 fruticosa, L. Shrubby Potentilla. 
 
 Cold swamps. Summit lake, on the hill-top between Fort-Plain and Coo- 
 perstown, source of the Susquehanna, where it covers acres of open marsh 
 land. Abundant on the cliffs of Fish creek from Taberg, northward; espe- 
 cially near Fall brook, hanging from the clefts of the rocks as far and as 
 high as the eye can reach. It has been found also at Junius, Seneca county, 
 by Sartu-ell ; at Greece, Monroe county, by Bradley; at Bergen, Genesee 
 county, by G. T. Fish ; and at Avon, Livingston county, by G. W. Clinton. 
 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 palustris, Scopoli. Marsh Potentilla. 
 
 Cold marshes. Summit lake, Otsego county. Hidden lake, Litchfield. Swamp 
 west of Fort Bull, Rome. Abundant in the streams and low lands at the 
 head of Oneida lake. Common on the marshes in the northern part of the 
 county, and about the lakes of the north woods. Rare. May - September. 
 
 FRAG-ARIA, Tourn. Strawberries. 
 
 virginiana, Ehrhart. Wild Strawberry. 
 
 Woods, pastures, meadows. Everywhere. April - October. 
 
 vesca, L. Alpine, Edible Strawberry. 
 
 Rocks, around old stumps and logs, evergreen woods. Common. May. 
 
 A variety with different leaves and bearing white fruit, occurs rarely in 
 the north woods. Trenton falls, borders of the wood south of Moore’s Hotel, 
 William Calverly. Also Delaware county, B. D. Gilbert. June. 
 
 DALIBARDA, L. 
 
 REPENS, L. 
 
 Moist banks, evergreen woods and swamps. 
 
 Dewdrop. False Violet. 
 Creeping Dalibarda. 
 Common. May - August. 
 
78 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 RUB US, L. Brambles. Raspberries. Blackberries. 
 
 odoratus, L. Roseflowering , Fragrant Raspberry. 
 
 Cliffs, steep banks and ravine sides. Common. June - September. 
 
 triflorus, Richardson. Dwarf, Three-flowered Raspberry • 
 
 Damp shaded woods and swamps. Common. 
 
 A form with pink -colored flowers grows on the cliffs of Fish creek, where 
 the rocks are constantly wet. June. 
 
 strigosus, Michx. Red, Strigose Raspberry. 
 
 Roadsides, fences, borders of woods. Common on clearings. May - July. 
 
 OCCIDENT ALIS, L. 
 
 Waysides, walls, thickets. 
 
 yillosus, Aiton. 
 
 Open woods and cleared land. Common. 
 
 var. frondosus, Torrey. 
 Littlefalls, Gray in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 var. humifusus, Torr. Sr Gr. 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Black, Western Raspberry. 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 High, Villous Blackberry. 
 
 Leafy -br acted Blackberry. 
 
 Trailing Blackberry. 
 
 var. The White Blackberry , 
 
 is found growing spontaneously near Cooperstown, Otsego county, by Dr. 
 Horace Lathrop. May, June. 
 
 canadensis, L. Dewberry. Canadian Blackberry. 
 
 Barren banks and borders of swamps. North woods. Frequent. May. 
 
 hispidus, L. Swawp, Hispid Blackberry. 
 
 Wet woods and sphagnum swamps. . Common. June, July. 
 
 ROSA, Tourn. Wild Roses. 
 
 setigera, Michx. Bristle-bearing Rose. 
 
 Thickets on the rocky plains, above the cliff below the village of Littlefalls. 
 Ravine of Chittenango creek below the falls. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. 
 
 Escapes occasionally. July, August. 
 
 Carolina, L. Swamp Rose. 
 
 Borders of swamps, and grassy bogs along streams. 
 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 lucida, Ehrhart. Dwarf, Bright-leaved Rose. 
 
 Old fields and sandy open woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Otsego county, 
 Miss S. Cooper. Yates county, Sartwell. Uncommon. June, July. 
 
 blanda, Aiton. Early, Thornless Rose. 
 
 Abundant on banks and knolls on the flats of the Mohawk. About Otsego 
 lake, Miss S. Cooper. Coon Chisholm’s, Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 RUB1GINOSA, L. 
 
 Uncultivated fields, pastures. 
 
 Sweetbrier. Eglantine. Rusty Rose. 
 
 . Common. June, July. 
 
 CINJSJ1MOMEA , Besler. 
 
 Cinnamon Rose. 
 
 var. F E C UND ISSIMJ , Lindley. Double Cinnamon Rose. 
 
 Forming thickets about dwellings, fences, roadsides. Common. May- July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 79 
 
 CRATAEGUS, L. Thorn-bushes. 
 
 OXYACANTHA , L. Hawthorn. Sharp-spined White Thorn. 
 
 Hedges and fields. Frequent. May. 
 
 coccinea, L. Scarlet -fruited Thorn. 
 
 Borders of sandy or rocky woods. Abundant. May, June. 
 
 tomentosa, L. Black, Woolly Thorn. 
 
 Thickets, old pastures. Along fences and ditches on the flats of the Mohawk. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 var. pyrifolia, Gray. Pear-leaved Thorn. 
 
 Thickets on sandy or gravelly soil. Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 Scarce. May. June. 
 
 var. punctata, Gray. Dotted-fruited Thorn. 
 
 Open low bottoms of streams on the flats of the Mohawk, forming thickets 
 with the willows. Common. May. 
 
 CRUS-GALLI, L. 
 
 Hedges, roadsides, banks of streams. 
 
 Cockspur Thorn. 
 Abundant. June. 
 
 PYRUS, L. Apple. Pear. 
 
 coronaria, L. Fragrant Crab-a.pple.. Garland Pyrus. 
 
 Open woods about Oriskany, Knieskern. Yates county, indigenous, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 MALUS, L. Common Apple. The Classical Malus. 
 
 Neglected fields, borders of woods. A stunted form in old pastures, road- 
 sides. Frequent. May. 
 
 arbutifolia, L. Arbutus-leaved Pyrus. 
 
 Borders of swamps. Common. 
 
 var. erythrocarpa, Torr. fy Gr. Red-fruited Chokeberry. 
 Sphagnum swamps, water -sides. 
 
 var. melanocarpa, Torr. & Gr. Black-fruited Chokeberry. 
 Sandy plains and on rocks. May. 
 
 Americana, DC. Mountain-ash. American Pyrus. 
 
 Cold swamps. Graefenberg hill, southeast of Utica. Swamps on the Pine 
 plains; low T deep woods near Oneida lake. Abundant along the streams and 
 lakes of the north woods, where it is a high tree. June. 
 
 AMELANCHIER, Medik. Juneberry. 
 
 canadensis, Torr. fy Gr. Shadbush. 
 
 River banks, ravine-sides, low thickets. Common. 
 
 var. botryapium, Torr. <?• Gr. Pyriform-clustered-flowered 
 Sandy or rocky woods. Abundant. Juneberry . 
 
 var. oblongifolia, Torr. fy Gr. Bong-leaved Juneberry. 
 Borders of woods, and streams. Common. 
 
 var. rotundifolia, Torr. fy Gr. Round-leaved Juneberry. 
 Low sandy woods. Borders of Crooked lake, Sartwell. Uncommon. 
 
 var. oltgocarpa, Torr. fy Gr. Few-fruited Juneberry. 
 
 Wet mountain swamps, New-York, Torrey § Gray. On mountains in the 
 northern part of the State, Torrey FI. N .Y. Rare. April, May, 
 
80 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 MELASTOMACEiE. Melastomas. 
 
 RHEXIA, L. Deer-grass. Meadow Beauty. 
 
 virginica, L. Virginian Rhexia. 
 
 Low sands and shores. About Oneida lake near Constantia, Vasey. Between 
 the mouth of Fish creek and Rotterdam, near the latter place, Knieskern. 
 
 Rare. June - September. 
 
 LYTHRACEiE. Loosestrifes. 
 
 LYTHRUM, L. True Loosestrife. 
 
 salicaria, L. Spiked, Willow-like Loosestrife. 
 
 Swamps. Junius, Wayne county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rochester, 
 C. Dewey. Rare. July, August. 
 
 NESiEA, Comm. Swamp Loosestrife. 
 
 verticillata, H. B. K. Whorled-flowered Loosestrife. 
 
 Lake shores; borders of ponds in sphagnum swamps. Ballston lake, Pearson. 
 Fairfield, Hadley in herb. Wetmore’s sphagnum pond, Frankfort hill. Marsh 
 at the head of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Uncommon. August. 
 
 CUPHEA, Jacquin. Cuphea. 
 
 viscosissima, Jacq. Very-clammy Cuphea. 
 
 Old fields and gravelly places, northern part of the State, Stevenson and 
 Knieskern, Torrey FI. N .Y. Rare. August. 
 
 ONAGRACEiE. 
 EPILOBIUM, L. 
 
 ANGUSTIEOLIUM, L. 
 
 Evening Primroses. 
 
 Willow-herbs. Epilobia. 
 Narrow-leaved Epilobium. 
 
 Copses and new lands : even in the north woods, springing up abundantly 
 after fires. Common. July - September. 
 
 palustre, L. : var. line are, Gray. Linear-leaved Epilobium. 
 
 Cold mossy swamps. Litchfield, near Jerusalem hill; Hidden lake, on its 
 borders, under cedars and tamaracks Abundant in the sphagnum swamps 
 and beaver meadows of the north woods . 
 
 The small few-flowered form, E. oliganihum, Mtchaux, on the hills about 
 Oriskany, Vasey. Scarce. July - September. 
 
 molle, Torrey. Downy Epilobium. 
 
 Wet banks. Hungry kill beyond Coon Chisholm’s, Schenectady, Pearson. 
 Summit lake, Otsego county. Hidden lake, south Herkimer county. Bridge- 
 water, Gray in herb. Ham. Coll. Damp meadows near Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 Common on cold marshes in the northwestern part of the county, near Fish 
 creek and Point of Rock lake. 
 
 COLORATUM, Muhl. 
 
 Low grounds, brook-sides. 
 
 (ENOTIIERA, L. 
 
 BIENNIS, L. 
 
 Railroads, roadsides, waste fields. 
 
 var. muricata, Torr. dp Gr. 
 Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 var. grandiflora, Torr. dp Gr. 
 Low grounds. Flats of the Mohawk. 
 
 Common. August, September. 
 
 Colored-leaved Epilobium. 
 F requent . July - October . 
 
 Evening Primroses. 
 Biennial Evening-primrose. 
 
 Prickly Evening-primrose. 
 
 Large-flowered Evening- 
 primrose. 
 
 Common. June - August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 81 
 
 fruticosa, L. Shrubby Evening -primrose. 
 
 Open sandy woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Delaware county, B .D Gilbert. 
 Near Rochester, C . M. Booth. Infrequent. July. 
 
 chrysantiia, Michx. Golden- flowered Evening-primrose. 
 
 Rocky woods and banks of streams. Ravine between New-Hartford and 
 Paris hill. Bridgewater, Gray , and Perch lake, W. A. Wood in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Near Oswego, Knieskern, Torrey FI. N.Y. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 pumila, L. Dwarf Evening-primrose. 
 
 Sandy fields, cleared uncultivated land, poor meadows. 
 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 GrAURA, L. Gaura. 
 
 biennis, L. Biennial Gaura. 
 
 Dry fields and river-banks. Along the Mohawk at Fort-Plain, B .D Gilbert. 
 In a berry field on Graefenberg hill, /. G. Crocker. Banks of Seneca lake, 
 Gray in herb. Beck, Hartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Ovvego, Tioga county, 
 Knieskern. Parma, Monroe county, Bradley . Scarce. August - October. 
 
 LUDWIGIA, L. False Loosestrifes. 
 
 alternifolia, L. Seedbox. Alternate-leaved Ludwigia. 
 
 Borders of swamps in Tarry town and wet woods in Westchester, Hall. Al- 
 bany. G. W. Clinton in herb. Beck. Schenectady, on the banks of the Mo- 
 hawk, Pearson. Rare. July, August. 
 
 palustris, Elliott. Marsh Ludwigia. 
 
 Muddy edges of pools and streams. Common. June - October. 
 
 CIRCiEA, Tournefort. 
 lutetiana, L. 
 
 Damp woods. 
 
 ALPINA, L. 
 
 Shaded springy banks, ravine-sides. 
 
 Enchanter's Nightshade. 
 Mignonette-like Circcea. 
 Common June, July. 
 
 Mountain Circcea. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 PROSERPINACA, L. Mermaid-weeds. 
 
 palustris, L. Marsh Mermaid-weed. 
 
 Stagnant water, ponds. Albany, Beck in herb. In a beaver meadow south 
 of Vernon, J. S. Douglass, Knieskern. Gorham marshes, Ontario county, 
 
 Hartwell. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 pectinacea, Lamarck. Pectinate-leaved Mermaid-weed. 
 
 Ditches in a beaver meadow near Vernon village, J. S. Douglass, Knieskern 
 cat. Rare. July. 
 
 MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaillant. Water-milfoils. 
 
 spicatum, L. Spiked-flowered Myriophyllum. 
 
 Ponds, lakes. Y r ates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Irondequoit bay, 
 Monroe county, C. M. Booth. Rare. July, August. 
 
 verticillatum, L. Whorled-flowered Myriophyllum. 
 
 Still waters. Sander’3 lake, Pearson. Oneida county, Knieskern. 
 
 Uncommon. July - September. 
 
 heterophyllum, Michx. V ariable-leaved Myriophyllum. 
 
 Pools and marshes. Borders of the Irondequoit bay of Lake Ontario, C.M . 
 Booth. Scarce. June - August, 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 6 
 
82 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 tenellum, Bigelow. Slender Myriophyllum. 
 
 Gravelly bottoms of ponds in shallow water. Northern part of the State, 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. July, August. 
 
 HIPPURIS, L. 
 
 Mare’ s-t ail. 
 
 vulgaris, L. Common Hippuris. 
 
 Lakes. Sander’s lake, Scotia, Pearson. Schuyler’s lake, Otsego county; 
 Alexandria bay, G. W. Clinton. Cayuga lake, J. Smith in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 CACTACEiE. 
 
 Cactus. 
 
 OPUNTIA, Tourn. Prickly Pear. Indian Fig. 
 
 vulgaris, Miller. Common Opuntia. 
 
 Rocks and sands. The most northern locality in the State is Fairfield, Her- 
 kimer county, where it was found by Prof. Hadley, Torrey FI. N .Y. In 
 herb. Hadley, without habitat. June, July. 
 
 GROSSULACEiE. 
 
 Currants. 
 
 Ill BE S, L. Gooseberries. Currants . 
 
 cynosbati, L. Prickly , Dog-bramble Gooseberry. 
 
 Hillsides. Common. May. 
 
 hirtellum, Michx. Hairy Gooseberry. 
 
 Rocky woods. Steep banks near Utica. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Frequent. May. 
 
 rotundifolium, Michx. . Smooth , Round-leaved Gooseberry. 
 
 Cold swamps. Abundant in the State swamp near Jerusalem hill. Hidden 
 lake. June. 
 
 lacustre, Poiret. Swamp Gooseberry. 
 
 Upland swamps, northern part of the State, Torrey FI N.Y. Hanging from 
 wet rocks, in the spray from Fall brook, four miles north of Taberg. More 
 above, along Fish creek. Rare. May, June. 
 
 prostratum, L’Heritier. Prostrate Currant. 
 
 Common in cold cedar swamps, and along woodland brooks on the hills. May. 
 
 FLORIDUM, L ’ Her itier. Flowering Currant. 
 
 Wet woods and open grounds. Common. May. 
 
 rubrum, L. Red Currant. 
 
 Swampy woods, low shaded flats of streams, hillsides and ravines. Frequent. 
 
 The true native variety, along a sjnall stream on hills north of Salmon 
 falls : different from the Red Currant of the gardens, Vasey. May. 
 
 CUCURBITACE^E. Cucumbers. 
 
 SIC Y OS, L. Single-seeded Cucumber. 
 
 angulatus, L. Angular -leaved Sicyos. 
 
 Waste places in and near cities; occasional qlong streams. Common in Utica. 
 
 July - October. 
 
 ECIIINOCYSTIS, Torr.Sp Gr. Prickly Cucumber. Balsam-apple. 
 
 lob at a, Torr. Sf Gr. Lobed-leaved Echinocystis. 
 
 River-bottoms. Common throughout tl^e valley of the Mohawk, on all parts 
 of the flatSj from the river banks, along fences and brooks to the hills. 
 
 July, August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 83 
 
 CRASSULACE.E. Orpines. 
 
 SEDUM, L . Stonecrop. 
 
 ternatum, Michx. Ternate-leaved Sedum. 
 
 Takes possession of shaded banks in gardens and lawns. May - July. 
 
 telephioides, Michx. Orpine-like Sedum. 
 
 High on the cliffs -at Chittenango falls; where it hangs from clefts and seats 
 of the rocks, within reach of the spray. June. 
 
 TELEPH1UM . L. Orpine. The Ancient Telephion. 
 
 Gravelly banks and shores. Common down the valley of the St. Lawrence; 
 on the Thousand Islands, at Alexandria bay. Escapes into roads, fences, 
 banks. Littlefalls. Trenton. Utica. Frankfort hill. August - September. 
 
 PEXTHORUM, Gronovius . 
 
 SEDOIDES, L. 
 
 Roadsides, ditehes, swamps. 
 
 Ditch Stonecrop. 
 Sedum-like Penthorum. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 SAXIFRAGACE^E. Saxifrages. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA, L. 
 
 aizoides, L. Aizoon-like Saxifraga. 
 
 Wet cliffs on the east branch of Fish creek. Discovered many y^ears ago, by 
 Knieskern and Vasey. at its lowest station between the Railroad and Taberg, 
 on an upright rocky side, wet by a brook pouring over into the creek; in 
 company with Primula mistassinica. Here, however, there are only a few 
 plants, on the space of a few square feet, wanderers from the multitude 
 above. The creek comes from the north for many miles through a deep ravine, 
 and. flowing from one side to the other, causes upright rocky precipices, 
 which vary in height from fifty to one hundred aud twenty-five, and in length 
 from one hundred to one thousand feet. The woods still remain above, so 
 that these precipices are always wet with dripping water. On these cold wet 
 rocks, in shade or looking towards the north, the Yellow Mountain Saxifrage 
 abounds, frequently in mats. It bears many flowers, and the golden clusters, 
 visible at a distance, may be found in June. Local. 
 
 virginiensis, Michx. 
 
 Rocks. Little falls; Trenton falls; 
 river; Alexandria bay. 
 
 PENNSYLVANICA, L . 
 
 Low borders of streams, swamps. 
 
 Parly, Rock Saxifraga. 
 
 ish creek; Chittenango falls; Black 
 Frequent. April, May. 
 
 Swamp Saxifraga. 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 MITELLA, Tourn. 
 diphylla, L. 
 
 Woods and ravine-sides. 
 
 Fringe-cup. Mitre-wort. 
 Two-leaved- stemmed Mitella. 
 Common. April, May. 
 
 nuda, L. Leafless-stemmed Mitella. 
 
 Arbor-vitae swamps. Common about decaying stumps and logs, overrunning 
 them, in damp moss and deep shade, with Listera cordata and Corallorhiza 
 innata , a beautiful and interesting plant. Frequent. May, June. 
 
 TIARELLA, L. 
 
 CORDIFOLIA, L. 
 Hilly woods. 
 
 Bishop's- cap. 
 Cordate-leaved Tiarella. 
 Common. May. 
 
 CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn. 
 americanum, Schweinitz. 
 
 Swamps, springy places, rivulet borders, 
 
 Golden Saxifrage. 
 American Chrysosplenium. 
 
 in the shade. 
 
 Common. 
 
 April, May. 
 
84 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPOET ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 HAMAMELACEiE. 
 
 Witch-hazels. 
 
 HAMAMELIS, L. 
 
 YIRGINICA, L. 
 
 Low woods and thickets; 
 
 UMBELLIFERiE. 
 
 Witch-hazel. 
 Virginian Hamamelis. 
 
 sides and bottoms of ravines. 
 
 Common. September - November. 
 
 HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. 
 
 AMERICANA, L. 
 
 Springy banks, brooks, wet rocks. 
 
 UMBELLATA, L. 
 
 Umbellifers. 
 
 Water Pennywort. 
 American' Hy dr ocotyle. 
 Common. June - September. 
 
 Umbellate Hydrocotyle. 
 
 Springs and shores. Near Albany, Beck and Tracy , Torrey FI. N .Y. 
 
 Rare. June -* August. 
 
 SANICULA, Tourn. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Dry woods and thickets. 
 
 MARILANDICA, L. 
 
 Swamps, damp woodlands. 
 
 Sanicles. 
 Canadian Sanicula. 
 Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 Maryland Sanicula. 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 DAUCUS, Tourn. Wild Carrot. 
 
 C A ROT A, L. " Common Carrot. 
 
 Railroads, roadsides, waste places. Banks of the Mohawk, Pearson. Near 
 Utica. Auburn, I. H. Hall. Uncommon. June -* September. 
 
 HERACLEUM, L. Cow Parsnip. 
 
 lanatum, Michx. Woolly Heracleum. 
 
 Flats of streams, low meadows. Common in the valley of the Mohawk. June. 
 
 PASTINACA, Tourn. 
 
 SAT IV A, L. 
 
 Roadsides, fences, banks of streams. 
 
 Wild Parsnip. 
 Common , Sowed Pastinaca. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 ARCH ANGELIC A, Hoffmann. Archangelicas. 
 
 hirsuta, Torr. Sp Gr. Downy Archangelica. 
 
 Borders of woods. Albany, Beck in herb. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. About Rochester, C. M . Booth. July, August. 
 
 atropurpurea, Hoffm. Dark-purple- stemmed Archangelica. 
 
 Common on the flats of the Mohawk throughout. June. 
 
 CONIOSELINUM, Fischer. Hemlock Parsley. 
 
 canadense, Torr. 8p Gr. Canadian Conioselinum. 
 
 Cold swamps, in shade. Oriskany swamp, a very rare plant, Knieskern. On 
 the banks of Chenango river, Knieskern , Torrey F7.N.F. 
 
 Rare, August, September. 
 
 iE Til US A, L. Fool's Parsley. 
 
 CYNAPIUM, L. Dog' s-poison Mthusa. 
 
 Waste places in cities, villages. Common in Clinton. July, August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 85 
 
 THASPIUM, Nutt all. Meadow Parsnip. 
 
 barbinode, Nuttall. Fringed- jointed Thaspium. 
 
 Borders of woods and rivers. Valley of the Chemung river, Knieskern, 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Genesee valley, abundant, C. M. Booth. 
 
 ^ Scarce. June, July. 
 
 AUREUM, Nuttall. Golden-flowered Thaspium. 
 
 Wet meadows and along streams. 
 
 var. apterum, Gray. Win gless-fruited- sharp-leaved Thaspium. 
 
 Open woods and damp meadows, Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 TRIPOLI atum, Gray. Three-parted-leaved Thaspium. 
 
 var. apterum, Gray. Wingless-fruited-round-leaved Thaspium. 
 
 Meadows. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. May. 
 
 ZIZIA, DC. . Zizia. 
 
 integerrima, DC. Perfectly -entire-leaved Zizia. 
 
 Dry woods and rocks. Abundant in the pine woods of Schenectady county. 
 Gravelly borders of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Rocky banks of the Black river 
 below Watertown. Scarce. May, June. 
 
 CICTJTA, L. 
 
 MACULATA, L. 
 
 Wet meadows, streams, swamps. 
 
 BULBIFERA, L. 
 
 Borders of marshes, creeks, lakes. 
 
 SIUM, L. 
 
 LINE ARE, Michx. 
 
 Shady swamps. 
 
 Water Hemlock. 
 Spotted stemmed Cicuta. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Bulb-hearing Cicuta. 
 
 Common in the north woods. 
 
 Frequent. August. 
 
 Water Parsnip. 
 Linear -leaved Sium. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 CRYPTOTiENIA, DC. Honewort. 
 
 canadensis, DC. Canadian Cryptotce7iia. 
 
 Shaded places; about dwellings, orchards. Frequent in rich woods, and 
 common in thickets on the banks of the Mohawk. Abundant. June - Aug. 
 
 OSMORRHIZA, Rafinesque. 
 LONGISTYLIS, DC. 
 Fertile open woods. 
 
 brevistylis, DC. 
 
 Rich woods, ravines. 
 
 Sweet Cicely. 
 Long-styled Osmorrhiza. 
 Uncommon. June, July. 
 
 Short- styled Osmorrhiza. 
 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 CONIUM, L. Poison Hemlock. 
 
 MACULATUM , L. Spotted- stemmed Conium. 
 
 Fences, waste places, damp banks. Frequent in towns, roadsides. Common 
 on the banks of the Erie canal; Schenectady; Littlefalls; Herkimer; Utica-, 
 often forming thickets. July. 
 
 CARUM, L. 
 
 CARUI, L. 
 
 Roadsides, remote from dwellings, naturalized. 
 
 Caraway. 
 Common Carum. 
 Frequent. May - July. 
 
86 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ARALIACEiE. Aralias. 
 
 ARAL I A, Tournefort. Sarsaparilla. 
 
 racemosa, L. Spikenard. Racemose Aralia. 
 
 Fertile woodlands; sides and bottoms of ravines. Abundant. July, August. 
 
 hispida, Michx. Bristly Aralia. 
 
 Rocks and swamps. Littlefalls. Sides of the Black river. Abundant in the 
 sandy swamp west of Fort Bull, Rome. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 nudicaulis, L. Leafless- stemmed Aralia. 
 
 Woods, both high and low. Common. May, June. 
 
 quinquefolia, Gray. Ginseng. Five-leaved Aralia. 
 
 Ravines and thickets, where it has eluded the hunter; exhausted in many 
 regions, but common in the remote woods. June, July. 
 
 trifolia, Gray. Groundnut. Three-leaved Aralia. 
 
 Moist woods and their borders, in deep soil. Common. April, May. 
 
 CORNACE^E. 
 CORNUS, Tournefort. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Shaded sandy woods. 
 
 Cornels. 
 
 Dogwoods. 
 
 Dwarf Cornel. Canadian Corn us. 
 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 Florida, L. . Flowering Cornus. 
 
 Hilly woods. Schenectady, along the Platte kill, Pearson. Otsego county, 
 H. Lathrop. Banks along the outlet of Owasco lake. I. H. Hall. Abundant 
 in Yates county, Sartwell. Monroe county , Bradley. Uncommon. May. 
 
 circinata, L 'Heritier. Rounded-leaved Cornus. 
 
 Borders of woods and thickets near water. Pine woods of Schenectady 
 county. Oneida county, Knieskern. Trenton falls, Hadley m herb. Alexan- 
 dria bay, on the islands of the river. Frequent. June. 
 
 sericea, L. Silky Cornus. 
 
 Swamps and water-sides. Summit lake, Otsego county. About Onondaga 
 lake. Alexandria bay, Lake marshes, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 stolonifera, Michaux. 
 
 Wet flats of streams. 
 
 Stolon-bearing Cornus. 
 Abundant. May, June. 
 
 Panicled Cornus. 
 
 paniculata, L’ Heritier. 
 
 Thickets along the sides of streams. Banks of the Mohawk. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 ALTERNIFOLIA, L. 
 Open woods. 
 
 Alternate-leaved Cornus. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 NYSSA, L. Tupelo. Pepperidge. 
 
 multiflora, Wangenheim. Many-flowered Nyssa. 
 
 Occasional on the flats of the Mohawk. Borders of Otsego lake. Miss S. 
 Cooper. Near Vernon, Prof. O.Root. Near Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 
 Infrequent. April, May. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 87 
 
 B. MOXOPETALOUS EXOGENS. 
 
 CAPRIFOLI ACE.cE. Hon ey suckles. 
 
 LINNJEA, Gronovius. Twin-flower. 
 
 borealis, Gronov. Northern Linncea. 
 
 Shady banks and arbor-vitae swamps. Common in all the cold marshes on 
 the highlands south of the Mohawk, Summit lake. Mud lake, State swamp, 
 Hidden lake. Little falls above the south clitf. Springy wooded slopes on the 
 flats of the Mohawk between Frankfort and Utica. Ravine sides in Deerfield 
 and Marcy. Cedar swamp on Paris hill. Sides of the Black river below Wa- 
 tertown, in evergreen shade. Frequent. June - August. 
 
 SYMPHORICARPUS, Dillenius. Snowberry. 
 
 racemosus, Michx. Racemose Symphoricarpus. 
 
 Rocky banks. Helderberg Prospect rock, Pearson. Otsego county, H.La- 
 throp. Along the Black river between Watertown and Dexter. Genesee falls, 
 Carey in herb. Ham. Coll. Genesee river banks, Greece, Bradley. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 vulgaris, Michx. Coral-berry. Common Symphoricarpus. 
 
 Borders of Seneca lake, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Occasionally admitted 
 into gardens and ornamental grounds. July - September. 
 
 LONICERA, L. Honeysuckles. 
 
 sempervirens, Aiton. Trumpet-honey suckle . Evergreen Lonicera. 
 
 Banks near the river, Tarrytown and on the hills eastward, I. H. Hall. 
 Thickets along the borders of Otsego lake, B. D. Gilbert : H. Lathrop. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 grata, Alton. True Woodbine. Pleasant Lonicera. 
 
 Rocky hillsides. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Shore of Lake Ontario, two 
 miles northeast of Oswego. Rare. May. 
 
 parviflora, Lamarck. Small-flowered Lonicera. 
 
 Rocks and damp banks. Schenectady. Littlefalls. Swamps about Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Beyond Fort Bull, Rome. Along Wood creek. Rocky ravine- 
 sides of Fish creek. Borders of Onondaga lake. Rocky banks of the Black 
 river. Frequent. May. 
 
 hirsuta, Eaton. Hairy Lonicera. 
 
 Rocks and shaded woods. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Otsego county, 
 Miss S. Cooper. Fairfield, Herkimer county, Eaton bot. On the berm bank of 
 the Erie canal about halfway between Oriskany and Rome, in low grounds, 
 Knieskern. Rocky woods down the Black river below Watertown. Potter, 
 
 Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. July. 
 
 ciliata, Muhl. Fly-honey suckle. Ciliate- leaved Lonicera. 
 
 Ravine-sides and shady swamps. Common. April, May. 
 
 cjerulea, L. Mountain-honeysuckle. Blue-berried Lonicera. 
 
 Cold swamps. Near Vernon, J. S. Douglass ; Kniesk&rn. Phelps, Ontario 
 county, Sartwell. Rare. May, June. 
 
 oblongifolia, Muhl. Swamp-honey suckle. Oblong-leaved Lonicera. 
 Upland swamps on the range of hills south of the Mohawk valley. Head- 
 waters of the Susquehanna river : abundant at Summit lake, Springfield, 
 Otsego county; and at Mud lake, south Herkimer county. Headwaters of 
 the Unadilla river : borders of Hidden lake, Litchfield, and the deep State 
 marsh near Jerusalem corners. Scarce, June, 
 
88 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 DIERVILLA, Tournefort. 
 trifida, Moench. 
 
 Cliffs and ravine-sides. 
 
 TRIOSTEUM, L. 
 
 PERFOLIATUM, L. 
 
 Shaded rocks and copses on deep 
 Penn-Yan, S art well. 
 
 B ush-honey suckle. 
 Three-par led-pedun cltd Diervilla. 
 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 Fever-wort. 
 Perfoliate Triosteum, 
 il. Little falls. Oneida county, Knicskern. 
 
 Uncommon. May - July. 
 
 SAMBUCUS, Tournefort, 
 
 CANADENSIS, L . 
 
 Roadsides, fences, neglected fields. 
 
 Elders. 
 Canadian Sambucus. 
 Common. June. 
 
 PUBENS, Michx. 
 
 Borders of woods, thickets, ravines. 
 
 Downy Sambucus. 
 Common. May. 
 
 VIBURNUM, L. \Arrow-woods. Viburna. 
 
 nudum, L. Withe-wood. Nalced-cymed Viburnum. 
 
 Swamps on the Mohawk flats. Common. June. 
 
 lentago, L. Bending-branched Viburnum. 
 
 Open woods and banks of streams. Abundant. May. 
 
 dentatum, L. Arrow-wood. Toothed-leaved Viburnum. 
 
 Copses on the flats and banks of the Mohawk. Low lands about Onondaga 
 lake. Frequent. June. 
 
 pubescens, Pursh. Doicny Viburnum. 
 
 Rocky banks of streams. Along the College brook, Schenectady, Pearson. 
 Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Borders of Crooked lake, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Banks of the Genesee below Rochester, C. M. Booth. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 acerifolium, L. Maple-leaved Viburnum. 
 
 Hilly woods. Common. May, June. 
 
 opulus, L. Cranberry-tree. Opulus, Poplar-leaved Viburnum. 
 
 River-banks. Shores of the Mohawk river, and in low grounds over the flats. 
 
 Abundant. June. 
 
 lantanoides, Michaux. Hobblebush. Lantana, Wayfaring -tree-like 
 
 Viburnum. 
 
 Damp, sandy or hilly woods. Frequent in ravines and abundant on the hills: 
 Graefenberg hill, Paris hill. In full force in the North woods, often so com- 
 pletely covering the ground as to render the forests impassable. 
 
 May, June. 
 
 RUBIACE2E. 
 
 GALIUM, L. 
 
 aparine, L . 
 
 Shaded sw£$|nps. 
 
 asprellum, Michx. 
 
 Wet meadows and low woods. 
 
 TRIFIDUM, L. 
 
 Madders . 
 
 Cleavers. Galia. 
 The Ancient Aparine. 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 Rough Galium. 
 
 Common on the flats of the Mohawk. July. 
 
 Three- parted-peduncled Galium. 
 Cold grassy and mossy swamps. Summit lake, Otsego county. Mud lake, 
 Hidden lake, and the State marsh, south Herkimer county. Spring bogs near 
 Fish creek and Point of Rock. Rare. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 89 
 
 var. tinctorium, Torr. & Gr. 
 Marshes. Abundant. 
 
 var. latifolium, Torr. 
 
 Borders of marshes and streams. Uncommon. 
 
 Dyer's Galium. 
 
 Broad-leaved Galium. 
 June, July. 
 
 TRIFLORUM, Michx. 
 Damp groves. 
 
 Fragrant-drying, Three-flowered Galium. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 pilosum, Aiton. Hairy Galium. 
 
 Dry sandy plains near Oneida lade, Knieskern. Junius, Seneca county, Sart- 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. Scarce. June, July. 
 
 CIRC^EZANS, Michx. 
 
 Copses, borders of dry woods. 
 
 Girccea-like Galium. 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 LANCEOLATUM, Torr. 
 "Wooded banks. 
 
 Lanceolate-leaved Galium. 
 
 Uncommon. June, July. 
 
 boreale, L. Northern Galium. 
 
 Cliffs, rocks, river-banks. Valley of the Mohawk from Schenetadyto Little- 
 falls. Fairfield. Hadley in herb. Banks of Oneida creek, Knieskern. Rocks 
 of the Black river. Sometimes in swamps; West-Bergen, Genesee county. 
 
 Frequent. June - August. 
 
 CEPHALANTHUS, L. Button-bush. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Western Cephalanthus. 
 
 Muddy swamps, borders of ponds, lakes. Abundant in the northeastern part 
 of the State. Mud lake, south Herkimer county. Mohawk valley: Littlefalls; 
 Below Utica on the flats, around a pond; opposite Whitesboro, a swamp full. 
 Black brook and Oneida lake. About Onondaga lake. Outlet of Owasco lake, 
 I. H. Hall. Abundant. July. 
 
 MITCHELL A, L. Partridge-berry. 
 
 repens, L. Creeping Mitchella. 
 
 Woods, moist and shady places. Common. June, July. 
 
 OLDENLANHIA, Plumier. Bluets. Oldenlandias. 
 
 purpurea, Gray. Purple-flowered Oldenlandia. 
 
 var. longifolia, Gray. Long-leaved Oldenlandia. 
 
 Rocks and dry soils. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Rocky islands in Black 
 river at Rutland, Jefferson county, J. G. Crocker. Gravelly sides of the river 
 between Watertown and Sackett’s-harbor. Scarce. May, June. 
 
 var. ciliolata, Gray. Fringed-leaved Oldenlandia. 
 
 Gravelly hillsides along the shore of Lake Ontario. Sackett’s-harbor and 
 banks of Black river, Knieskern , Abundant on the hill-slopes around the 
 Old Fort at Oswego. Genesee falls, Aiken in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Ro- 
 chester, C. Dewey. May, June. 
 
 c^erulea, Gray. Blue-flowered Oldenlandia. 
 
 Damp places on the banks of Black river, from Reinsen, Miss J.E .Johnson, 
 to Watertown and Dexter. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. May - September. 
 
 6 * 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
90 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 VALERIANACEiE. Valerians. 
 
 VALERIANA, Tournefort. 
 
 sylvatica, Banks. Woodland Valerian. 
 
 Very abundant in a sphagnous swamp in Wayne county, near the shore of 
 Lake Ontario, where it was discovered in 1833 by Dr. Sartwell, Gray in 
 Rare plants of Northern and Western N . Y. Wayne county, Sartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Common in all parts of the swamp in West-Bergen, north- 
 western Genesee county. At this station the flowers are pure white always, 
 both in the open marsh and its shady borders. Rare. June. 
 
 FEDIA, Gcertner. Corn Salad. 
 
 OLITORIJ, Vahl. Garden Fedia. 
 
 Cultivated grounds, roadsides. Scottsville, Monroe county, L. Holzer. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 fagopyrum, Torr. & Gr. Buckwheat, Fagopyrum Fedia. 
 
 Mohawk flats near Utica, Gray. Borders of a long narrow mud-pond below 
 the city, on the north side of the river, once the bed of the stream. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 DIPSACEiE. 
 
 Teasels. 
 
 DIPSACUS, Tournefort. 
 
 SYLVESTRIS, Miller. 
 Roadsides. 
 
 Fuller’s Thistles. 
 Wild Teasel. Wood Dipsacus. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 FULLONUM, Miller. Fuller 1 s Dipsacus. 
 
 Escaped from cultivation. Schepe.etady, Pearson. Auburn and Skaneateles, 
 I. H. Hall. July. 
 
 COMPOSITE. Composites. 
 
 VERNONIA, Schreber. Iron-weed. 
 
 noveboracensis, Willd. New-Yorlc Vernonia. 
 
 Low grounds and drained swamps. Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Wayne county, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. August, September. 
 
 EUPATORIUM, Tournefort, Thoroughworts, Bonesets , Fupatoria. 
 purpureum, L. Purple Eupatorium. 
 
 Banks of streams; low thickets. Common. August, 
 
 hyssopifoljum, L, Hyssopus-leaved Eupatorium , 
 
 Dry hillsides. Nyack, on the Hudson river, I. H. Hall. Rare. August, 
 
 teucrifolium, Willd, Teucrium-leaved Eupatorium, 
 
 Edges of low woods and swampy ground, near Tarrytown, I. H. Hall, 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 sessjlifolium, L, Sessile-leaved Eupatorium, 
 
 Wooded banks. Oneida county, Gray in herb . Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 perfoliatum, L. Common Boneset. Connateleaved Eupatorium. 
 Open swamps and grassy bottoms of ravines. Cummou, July, August. 
 
 ageratoides, L. Ageratum-like Eupatorium. 
 
 Woods, streams. Common. August - October. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 91 
 
 MIKANIA, Willd. Climbing Hemp-weed . 
 
 scandens, L. Ascending Milcania. 
 
 Shaded, swamps. Sleepy-hollow stream, Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Low grounds 
 near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Marshes around Onondaga lake. 
 
 Infrequent. July - September. 
 
 NARDOSMIA, Cassini. Sweet Coltsfoot. 
 
 palmata, Hooker. Hand-leaved Nardosmia. 
 
 Cold swamps. Near Saratoga, Dr. Steele , Torrey § Gray FI., Prof . Hitch- 
 cock, Torrey Fl.N.Y. Dundee, N.Y., Wright in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 Valley of the Genesee river between Rochester and Lake Ontario, in a cleared 
 swamp, C. M. Booth. Rare. May. 
 
 TUSSILAGO, Tournefort. Common Coltsfoot. 
 
 farfara, L. From the ancient Farfams. River-side Tussilago. 
 Brooksides at the crossing of roads; flats of creeks; far up ravines in woods. 
 
 Common. April. 
 
 SERICOCARPUS, Fees von Esenbeck. 
 conyzoides, Nees. 
 
 Copses, wooded hillsides. 
 
 White-topped Aster. 
 Conyza-like Sericocarpus. 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 ASTER, L. 
 
 corymb oses, Aiton. 
 Borders of woods. 
 
 Starworts. Asters. 
 Corymbed Aster. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 MACROPHYLLUS, L. 
 Damp shaded banks. 
 
 Large-leaved Aster. 
 
 Abundant. August - October. 
 
 patens, Aiton. Spreading Aster. 
 
 Dry hillsides. Frequent. 
 
 var. phlogifolies, Torr. & Gr. Phlox-leaved Aster. 
 
 Shaded hillsides. Common at Tarrytown, I. H.Hall. Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 Infrequent. 
 
 ljevis, L. Smooth Aster. 
 
 Thickets. Banks of the east side of Onondaga lake. Occasional. 
 
 var. levigates, Torr. & Gr. Smooth-stemmed Aster. 
 
 Copses. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent. 
 
 var. cyanees, Torr. & Gr. Azure Aster. 
 
 Open woods. Tarrytown, common, I. H. Hall. Penn-Yan. Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Abundant. 
 
 ENDELATES, L. 
 Dry woodlands. 
 
 CORDIFOLIES, L. 
 Shaded hillsides 
 
 Wavy-leaved Aster. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Heart-leaved Aster. 
 
 Common. 
 
 sagittifolies, Willd. Arrow-leaved Aster. 
 
 Open banks. Auburn, common, I. H. Hall. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Abundant. 
 
 ERICOIDES, L. 
 
 Roadsides; neglected, cleared land. 
 
 Heath-like Aster. 
 Common. 
 
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPOET ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 multiflorus, Alton. Many-flowered Aster 
 
 Barren fields, dry hills, Abundant. 
 
 dumosus, L. Bushy Aster. 
 
 Copses, banks, along water-courses. Frequent. 
 
 tradescanti, L. TradesGant’s Aster. 
 
 Streams and damp woods. Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Schenectady. Pearson. 
 
 Abundant . 
 
 MISER, L. 
 
 Thickets, waste-places. 
 
 var. glomerellijs, Torr. & Gr. 
 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Deficient-flowered Aster. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Glomerate-spiked-flowered 
 
 Aster. 
 
 var. diffusus, Torr. & Gr. D iff use-branched Aster. 
 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 A depauperate form of this variety abounds on the cold wet cliffs of Fish 
 creek. 
 
 var. HiRSUTiCAULis, Torr. & Gr. Hirsute-stemmed Aster. 
 
 Albany, Beck, Torrey fy Gray FI. Wayne county, Sartwell , Torr. # Gr. FI. 
 in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 SIMPLEX, Willd. 
 
 Ravines and shady swamps. 
 
 Simple-stemmed Aster. 
 
 Often. 
 
 carneus, Nees von Esenbeck. Flesh-colored Aster. 
 
 Low grounds. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 The old form A. greenii, Torrey 4* Gray, between North and South Col- 
 leges, Schenectady, Tuckerman, Pearson. Rare. 
 
 LONGiFOLius, Lamarck. Long-leaved Aster. 
 
 Low woods on islands in the Pocantico above Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Jef- 
 ferson county, Crawe in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Rare. 
 
 puniceus, L. Purple-stemmed Aster. 
 
 Low grounds. Common. 
 
 var. yimineus, Torr. & Gr. Slender- stemmed Aster. 
 
 Deep woods and swamps. Frequent. 
 
 prenanthoides, Muhl. Prenanthes-like Aster. 
 
 Damp rich woods. Common in Oneida county, Gray. Western part of the 
 State, Torrey 8f Gr. FI.; Knieskern and Sartwell, Torrey Fl.N.Y. Water- 
 town, Crawe; Dundee, Yates county, Wright ; Penn-Yan, Sartwell; in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Abundant. 
 
 NOVJE-ANGLiiE, L. New-England Aster. 
 
 Roadsides, streams, open swamps. Common. 
 
 acuminatus, Michx. Acuminate-leaved Aster. 
 
 Rocks, ravines and hills, in moisture and shade. Abundant. 
 
 ptarmicoides, Torr. & Gr. Ptarmica-like Aster. 
 
 On the rocky banks of Black river, near Watertown, Jefferson county, where 
 it is very abundant, and was first noticed by Dr. Crawe, Gray in Bare plants 
 of Northern N.Y. Rocky banks of the river at Watertown, near the bridge 
 of the road to Dexter, Gray. Jefferson county, Crawe in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Banks of Genesee river below Rochester, C. M. Booth. Rare. August. 
 
/ 
 
 PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 93 
 
 ERIGERON, L. 
 
 CANADENSE, L. N 
 
 Roadsides, waste places; a field weed. 
 
 Fleabanes. 
 Canadian Erigeron 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 BELLIDIFOLIUM, Muhl. 
 
 Rocky hillsides and edges of thickets. 
 
 PHILADELPHICUM, L. 
 
 Borders of woods, swamps; wet rocks. 
 
 annuum, Per soon. 
 
 "Waysides, waste-places. 
 
 STRIGOSUM, Muhl. 
 
 Neglected fields, poor meadows. 
 
 Daisy , Beilis-leaved Erigeron. 
 
 Infrequent. May. 
 
 Philadelphia Erigeron. 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 Annual Erigeron. 
 Common. June -August. 
 
 Hairy Erigeron. 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 DIPLOP APPUS, Cassini. 
 linariifolius, Hooker. 
 Rocky, gravelly or sandy soils. 
 
 Double-bristled Asters. 
 Linar ia-leaved Diplopappus. 
 Schenectady, Pearson, Gray. 
 
 Infrequent. August - October. 
 
 umbellatus, Torr. & Gr. Umbelled Diplopappus. 
 
 Open swamps. Abundant, especially on the hills. August, September. 
 
 amygdalinus, Torr. & Gr. Almond-leaved Diplopappus. 
 
 Marshes. Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell. Dundee, Y^ates county, 
 Wright, Vasey. Rare. August. 
 
 cornifolius, Darlington. Cornus-leaved Diplopappus. 
 
 Open woods. Oswego, Knieskern in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 SOLIDAGO, L. Goldenrods. 
 
 squarrosa, Muhl. Squarrose-involucred Solidago. 
 
 Dry rocky soil and woods. Abundant at Alexandria bay, G. W. Clinton. 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell. Mount Hope and banks of the Genesee below Roches- 
 ter, C. M. Bo oth. Rare. 
 
 bicolor, L. Silver-rod. Two-colored Solidago. 
 
 Hillsides and barren sandy copses. Abundant. 
 
 LATIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Shaded rocks and banks. 
 
 Broad-leaved Solidago. 
 
 Common. 
 
 CiESIA, L. 
 
 Wooded hills, thickets. 
 
 Gray-purple-stemmed Solidago. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 puberula, Nuttall. Downy Solidago. 
 
 Top of a high hill near Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Rare. 
 
 stricta, Aiton. Willow-leaved , Wand-like Solidago. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps. Oneida county, Gray , Torrey FI. N.Y. Abundant in 
 the swamp on Paris hill. Rare. July. 
 
 speciosa, Nuttall. Showy Solidago. 
 
 var. ANGUSTATA, Torr. fy Gr., or a depauperate form, on the 
 sides and summit of Bald rock, near Third lake, north Herkimer county. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 ohioensis, Riddell. Ohio Solidago. 
 
 Low lands. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. In various parts of 
 Western N.Y., Knieskern, Sartwell, G. W. Clinton, Torr. Sf Gr. FI. Rare. 
 
94 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 houghtonii, Torrey & Gray. Discovered by Houghton. 
 
 Damp moss and marl bogs of the swamp in West-Bergen, Genesee county; 
 in company with a number of lake shore plants, Comandra livida, Juniperus 
 sabina , Juncus balticus, Scirpus torrey i, and others. 
 
 Leaves sheathing opposite sides of the stem at its base, rigid, narrow, 
 ciliate, all clasping, two to six inches in length, deep green; stems slender, 
 purple; heads large, rays sometimes spreading three-fourths of an inch, in a 
 drooping corymb. A peculiar and beautiful plant. Rare. July. 
 
 neglecta, Torr. & Gr. Unnoticed Solidago. 
 
 Marshes. Bethel, Ontario county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. 
 
 PATULA, Muhl. 
 Swamps. 
 
 Spreading Solidago. 
 
 Common. 
 
 arguta, Aiton. 
 
 Borders of woods and fields. 
 
 var. juncea, Torr. & Gr. 
 Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 Sharp- serrated-leaved Solidago. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 Reed-like Solidago. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 muhlenbergii, Torr. & Gr. Discovered by Muhlenberg. 
 
 Bogs, shaded wet bottoms. Schenectady, Pearson. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. 
 
 linoides, Solander. Linum-like Solidago. 
 
 Marshes, sphagnum swamps. Junius. Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Rare. 
 
 altissima, L. High Solidago. 
 
 Along fences, bottoms of ravines. Common. 
 
 ulmifolia, Muhl. Elm-leaved Solidago. 
 
 Thickets, river-sides. Frequent. 
 
 odora, Aiton. Sweet Goldenrod. Fragrant Solidago. 
 
 Open woods, hillsides. The earliest one in blossom, Knieskern Rocky banks 
 of Seneca lake, Vasey. Uncommon. 
 
 NEMORALIS, Aiton. 
 Barren soils. 
 
 Hoary Goldenrod. Woodland Solidago. 
 
 Common. 
 
 canadensis, L. Canadian Solidago. 
 
 Roadsides, fences. Everywhere without limit. 
 
 var. procera, Torr. & Gr. Towering Solidago. 
 
 Walls, banks, hills. Common. 
 
 SEROTINA, Aiton. 
 
 Ravine-sides and thickets along streams. 
 GIGANTEA, Aiton. 
 
 Meadow-fences, open bottoms of ravines. 
 
 Late-flowering Solidago. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 Giant Solidago. 
 Common. 
 
 lanceolata, L. Bushy Goldenrod. Narrow-leaved Solidago. 
 
 Flats and banks of the Mohawk. Abundant. 
 
 INULA, L. Enula Campana. Common Elecampane. 
 
 HELENIUM, L. The Ancient Helenion. 
 
 Roadsides, extensively naturalized. Juty; August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 95 
 
 POLYMNIA, L. Leaf cups. 
 
 canadensis, L. Canadian Polymnia. 
 
 Shaded rocky sides of streams. About Vernon, J. S. Douglass , Knieskern. 
 Ravine of Chittenango creek, below the falls. Hackney falls, Owasco lake 
 outlet, I. H.Hall. Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell in htrb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 uvedalia, L. In honor of Robert Uvedale. 
 
 Deep ravine of Chittenango creek, at the water side. Borders of Seneca lake, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. August, September. 
 
 AMBROSIA, Tournefort. Ragweed. Wormwood. 
 
 trifida, L. Three-parted-leaved Ambrosia. 
 
 Forming thickets along the banks of the Mohawk. Common. July, August. 
 
 ARTEMisiiEFOLiA, L. Artemisia-leaved Ambrosia. 
 
 TVaysides, waste places. Common. July - September. 
 
 XANTHIUM, Tournefort. CocJcleburs. 
 
 strum arium, L. Struma-healing Xanthium. 
 
 Yards, streets, waste grounds. Abundant on the low banks of the Mohawk. 
 
 Common. August. 
 
 SPINOSUM, L. Thorny Xanthium. 
 
 Around the Dexter factories, Knieskern. Hab. Oriskany, but rare. P. D.K. 
 in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. August - October. 
 
 HELIOPSIS, Fersoon. 
 l^evis, Pers. 
 
 Marshes and streams. 
 
 False Sunflower. 
 Smooth Heliopsis. 
 Common. August - October. 
 
 RUDBECKIA, L. 
 
 LACINIATA, L. 
 
 Bottoms of ravines, creeks, rivers. 
 
 Coneflowers. 
 Deeply -parted- leaved Rudbeckia. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 FULGIDA, Alton. 
 
 Meadows, occasionally, but not permanent. 
 HIRTA, L. 
 
 Pastures, meadows and their borders. 
 
 Fulgent Rudbeckia. 
 July, August. 
 
 Rough Rudbeckia. 
 Common. Juue, July. 
 
 HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflowers. 
 
 GIGANTEUS, L. Gigantic Helianthus. 
 
 Low river-banks and marshes of lakes. Frequent. August, September. 
 
 strumosus, L. Tuber cled- stemmed Helianthus. 
 
 Thickets on hillsides and river-banks. Abundant. 
 
 var. mollis, Torr. Sp Gr. Downy-leaved Helianthus. 
 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell. Greece, sides of Genesee river, Bradley. 
 
 DIVARICATES, L. 
 Open woods. 
 
 Divergent Helianthus. 
 
 Common. 
 
 decapetalus, L. Ten-rayed Helianthus. 
 
 Ravine-sides and bottoms. Infrequent. 
 
 var. frondosus, Torr. fy Gr. Leafy -involucred Helianthus. 
 Shady stream-sides. Ppcpipinou, 
 
96 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 TUBEROSUS, L. 
 Walls and fences. 
 
 Artichoke. Tuberous Helianthus. 
 
 Occasional. 
 
 ACTINOMERIS, Nuttall. Actinomeris. 
 
 squarrosa, Nutt. Squarrose-involucred Actinomeris. 
 
 Borders of Crooked lake, Yates county, Sartwetl in herb. Ham. Coll. Wes- 
 tern New-York, Torrey § Gray FI. Rare. August, September. 
 
 BIDENS, L. 
 
 FRONDOSA, L. 
 
 Walls, yards, waste places. 
 
 CONNATA, Muhl. 
 
 Ditches, brooks. 
 
 CERNUA, L. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, Michx. 
 Marshes, borders of streams. 
 
 Fur-marigolds. 
 Leafy Bidens. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Connate-leaved Bidens. 
 
 Uncommon. 
 
 Nodding Bidens. 
 Frequent. 
 
 Chrysanthemum-like Bidens. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 beckii, Torrey. Discovered by L. C. Beck. 
 
 Sander’s lake, Scotia, where it was discovered by Dr. Beck, Pearson. Ca- 
 naderaga lake, Miss S. Cooper : outlet of Schuyler’s lake, Gray. Southern 
 part of Oneida county Crawe, Knieskern. Ponds near Augusta, J. S. Dou- 
 glass, Torrey FI. N.Y. Oswego falls, Aiken in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 Sodus bay, Eaton bot. Rare. July, August. 
 
 BIPINNATA, L. 
 
 Bordering gardens and fields. 
 
 Bipinnate Bidens. 
 
 Seneca lake, Sartwell. Scarce. 
 
 HELENIUM, L. 
 
 AUTUMNALE, L. 
 
 Flats of brooks and creeks. 
 
 Helenium. 
 Autumnal Helenium. 
 Common. September. 
 
 MARUTA, Cassini. 
 
 COTULA , DC. 
 
 Waste places, everywhere. 
 
 Mayweed. 
 Cup-involucred Maruta. 
 June - September. 
 
 ANTHEMIS, L. Camomile. 
 
 ARVENSIS, L. Field Ant hemis. 
 
 Cultivated land and neglected fields. Schenectady, Pearson. Sandy cleared 
 grounds at the head of Oneida lake. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 ACHILLEA, L. Yarrow. 
 
 millefolium, L. Milfoil Achillea. 
 
 Roadsides, pastures, barren hillsides. On the rocks of Little-falls probably, 
 and along the cliffs of Fish creek doubtless it is native. In the latter habitat, 
 it abounds over the precipices from clefts of rock, in moist soil of ledges 
 and near dripping water or falling streams; far up the creek, for many miles 
 among the woods, above any means of introduction. Common. 
 
 var. ROSEA. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 June - September. 
 
 LEUCANTHEMUM, Tournefort. Oxeye Daisy. 
 
 VULGARE, Lamarck. Common Whiteweed. 
 
 Meadows, pastures, roadsides. Common. June, July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 or 
 
 TANACETUM, L. 
 
 VULGARE , L. 
 
 Way-sides, fences, in patches. 
 
 Tansy. 
 
 Common Tanacetum. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 ARTEMISIA, L. Wormwoods. 
 
 canadensis, Michx. Canadian Artemisia. 
 
 Sandy shores of lakes. Legit. Oneida county, Kriieskern in herb. Sartwell 
 Ham. Coll. Along Irondequoit bay, L. Holzer. Shore of Lake Ontario, 
 Greece, Bradley. Bare. July, August. 
 
 VULGARIS, L. Mugwort. Common Artemisia. 
 
 Roadsides in Verona, rare, Knieskern. August - November. 
 
 ABSINTHIUM, L. Wormwood. The ancient Absinthion. 
 
 Roadsides. Naturalized in the northern part of the county, Knieskern. 
 Waysides on the hills of Litchfield, east of Hidden lake, south Herkimer 
 county. Infrequent. August. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM, L. Everlastings. 
 
 decurrens, Ives. Decurrent-leaved Giiaphalium. 
 
 Old pastures, uncultivated cleared hills. Common. August - October. 
 
 polycephalum, Michx. Many-headed Gnaphalium, 
 
 Sandy fields and open woods. Pine 
 Pearson. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. 
 
 ULIGINOSUM, L. 
 
 Roadsides, ditches, low grounds. 
 
 ANT ENN ARIA, Gcertner. 
 
 MARGARITACEA, R. Brown. 
 Roadsides, pastures, copses. 
 
 PLANTAGINIFOLIA, Hooker. 
 
 Tops of ravine-banks, dry pastures. 
 
 ,ms of Rome, Knieskern. Schenectady, 
 Uncommon. 
 
 Bog Gnaphalium. 
 Common. 
 
 Everlastings. 
 Pearly Antennaria. 
 Common. August. 
 
 Plantain-leaved Antennaria. 
 Common. April, May. 
 
 ERECHTHITES, Rafinesque. Fireweed. 
 
 hieracifolia. Raf. Hier acium-leaved Erechthites. 
 
 Damp woods, clearings; most common after fire. July - September. 
 
 C AC ALIA, L. Indian Plantains. 
 
 suaveolens, L. Fragrant Cacalia. 
 
 Woodlands. Penfiehl, Monroe county, banks of a stream emptying into 
 Irondequoit bay, L. Holzer. Greece, Bradley. Avon, Livingston county, B. 
 D. Greene, Torrey fy Gray FI. Rare. August - October. 
 
 atriplicifolia, L. Atriplex-leaved Cacalia. 
 
 Deep woods. Genesee river. Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Near Rochester, 
 Z.H. Harris, Bradley. Rare. July - September. 
 
 SENECIO, L. Groundsel. 
 
 VULGARIS, L. Common Senecio. 
 
 Common on the Central railroad. Streets and gardens, Utica. Rochester. 
 
 July - October. 
 
 aureus, L. Golden Senecio. 
 
 Wet meadows, swampy woods. Common. May. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 7 
 
98 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 var. oboyatus, Torr. fy Gr. Obovate-leaved Senecio. 
 
 Shaded steeps between the top of the cliffs and the brow of the heights, at 
 Littlefalls, south side of the Mohawk. Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 yar. BALSAMiTiE, Torr. fy Gr. Balsamita Senecio. 
 
 Rocky banks of Black river opposite and below Watertown, Jefferson county. 
 Abundant in the swamp of West-Bergen, Genesee county, where the whole 
 plant is often very woolly. Rare. June. 
 
 var. lanceolatus, Oakes. Long-leaved Senecio. 
 
 Bald rock near Third lake, north Herkimer county, in wet woods along its 
 base. Rare. June, July. 
 
 CNICUS, Vaillant. Blessed Thistle. 
 
 BENEDICTUS, L. Reputed Cnicus. 
 
 Roadsides and about houses. Schenectady, Pearson. Oneida county, Knies- 
 kern. Rare. June. 
 
 CIRSIUM, Tournefort. Common Thistles. 
 
 LAN CEO LATUM, Scopoli. Lanceolate-leaved Cirsium. 
 
 Pastures, roadsides. Common. June - September. 
 
 discolor, Sprengel. Two-colored Cirsium. 
 
 Borders ofw’oodsand fields. Schenectady, Pearson. Meadows of the Mohawk 
 between Littlefalls and Palatine bridge. Oneida county, Knieskern. Yates 
 county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. August. 
 
 MUTICUM, Michx. Awnless Cirsium. 
 
 Swamps, marshes, springy hillsides. Common. August - October. 
 
 pumilum, Sprengel. Dwarf Cirsium. 
 
 Old pastures, uncultivated sandy fields. Schenectady, Pearson. Otsego 
 county, H. Lathrop. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Uncommon. July, August. 
 
 ARVENSE , Scopoli. Canada Thistle. Field Cirsium. 
 
 Roadsides, cultivated fields. Common. Flowers white frequently. 
 
 July - September. 
 
 ONOPORDON, Yaillant. Cotton Thistle. 
 
 ACANTHIUM, L. The ancient Acanthion. 
 
 Waysides, rocky banks. Fairfield, Herkimer county, in herb. Hadley. About 
 Rochester and toward the Lake, C. M. Booth. Scarce. July- September. 
 
 LAPPA, Tournefort. 
 
 MAJOR , Geertner. 
 Waste places. 
 
 Burdock. 
 Larger Lappa. 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 CICHORIUM, Tournefort. 
 
 INTYBUS, L. 
 
 Roadsides. Abundant in West- Albany, along 
 vale, New-Hartford. Verona, Knieskern. 
 
 Cichory. 
 The classical Intubus. 
 
 the Central railroad. Willow 
 Scarce. July - October. 
 
 KRIGIA, Schreber. 
 yirginica, Willd. 
 
 Dry sandy fields near Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 
 Dwarf Dandelion. 
 Virginian Krigia. 
 Rare. May - August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 99 
 
 HIERACIUM, Tournefort. 
 
 CANADENSE, Michx. 
 
 Open hilly woods. 
 
 SCABRTJM, Michx. 
 
 Borders of thickets and fields. 
 
 GRONOVII, L. 
 
 Drv woods. Schenectady, Pearson 
 I. H. Hall. 
 
 Hawkweeds. Hieracia. 
 Canadian Hieracium. 
 Frequent. August. 
 
 Rough Hieracium. 
 Common. August. 
 
 In honor of Gronovius. 
 Near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Auburn , 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 VENOSUM, L. Veined-leaved Hieracium. 
 
 Sandy copses and evergreen woods. Schenectady. Common on the Pine 
 plains of Home. Abundant in Y'ates county, Sartwell. Greece, Bradley. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 paniculatum, L. Panicled Hieracium. 
 
 Copses, shady banks. Common at Schenectady, Pearson. Oneida county, 
 Knieskern. North of Oswego on the Lake shore. Auburn, I. H. Hall. Abates 
 county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 Abundant. August, September. 
 
 NABALUS, Cassini. 
 albus, Hooker. 
 "Woods. 
 
 Rattlesnake-roots. 
 White Nabalus. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 altissimus, Hooker . 
 
 Deep ravines. 
 
 Lofty Nabalus. 
 Frequent. 
 
 var. cordatus, Torr. Gr. Cordate-leaved Nabalus. 
 
 Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 var. deltoideus, Torr. 6r Gr. Deltoid-leaved Nabalus. 
 Penn-Y'an, Abates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. August, September. 
 
 TARAXACUM, Haller. 
 
 dens-leonis, Desfontaines. 
 In all grass lands. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 Lion-tooth-leaved Taraxacum. 
 
 April - October. 
 
 LACTUCA, Tournefort. 
 elongata, Muhl. 
 
 Open woods, thickets, along fences. 
 
 Wild Lettuce. 
 Long -panicled Lactuca. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 MULGEDIUM, Cassini. 
 leucophasum, DC. 
 
 Moist woods, river-banks. 
 
 False Lettuce. 
 Gray Mulgedium. 
 Frequent. August, September. 
 
 SONCHUS, L. 
 
 OLERACEUS, L. 
 
 Borders of cultivated grounds. 
 
 ASPER , Villars. 
 
 Waste places, barnyards. 
 
 Garden Sonchus. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Spiny -leaved Sonchus. 
 Common. August, September. 
 
 ARVENSIS, L. Field Sonchus. 
 
 Fields and water-sides. Oriskany, near the creek. Marshes on the west side 
 of Onondaga lake. Waste fields, Auburn, J. H. Hall. Roadsides near Ro- 
 chester, L. Holzer. Scarce. August - October. 
 
100 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 LQBELIACEJE. 
 
 LOBELIA, L. 
 
 CARDINALIS, L. 
 
 Boggy woods, water-sides. 
 
 Lobelias. 
 
 Lobelias. 
 
 Crimson , Cardinal-flowered Lobelia. 
 
 Abundant. July, August. 
 
 Blue , Large-flowered Lobelia. 
 Abundant. August. 
 
 SYPHILITIC A, L. 
 
 Damp grassy woods, swampy rivulets. 
 
 inflata, L. Indian Tobacco. Inflated-fruited Lobelia. 
 
 Meadows, pastures. Common. July - September. 
 
 spicata, Lamarck. Spike-racemed Lobelia. 
 
 Hillsides and open woods. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 kalmii, L. Kalm’s Lobelia. 
 
 Limestone rocks, marl swamps. Frequent on wet rocks in the cliffs above 
 Trenton falls, where it occurs in the regular form. 
 
 A larger plant, with all manner of variations, abounds in the limestone 
 country south of Utica, beyond the hills around Cedar lake, on Hidden lake, 
 the State marsh near Jerusalem hill, and Mud lake, southeastern Herkimer 
 county. 
 
 Swamp at the foot of O wasco lake, I. H. Hall. Junius, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll., Banks of Genesee river, C. M . Booth. Rare. July - September. 
 
 dortmanna, L. Water Lobelia. Dedicated to Dortmann. 
 
 Sandy or gravelly bottoms along the borders of all the ponds and lakes in 
 the north woods : abundant there. Rare. July - September. 
 
 CAMPANULACE2E. Campanulas. 
 
 CAMPANULA, Tournefort. Bellflowers. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Round- root -leaded Campanula. 
 
 Rocks, cliffs. Sandy banks between Albany and Schenectady Little falls. 
 Trenton falls. Fish creek precipices. Chittenango creek cliffs. Ithaca, Tomp- 
 kins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Abundant where it occurs. July - October. 
 
 aparin oides, Pursh. Galium , Aparine-like Campanula. 
 
 Grassy swamps and shores. Ballston lake, Pearson. Fairfield, in herb. 
 Hadley. Oriskany thickets and swamps, Knieskern. Around Mud lake and 
 the State marsh near Jerusalem hill, south Herkimer county. Near Crooked 
 lake, Sartwell. Scarce. July - September. 
 
 Americana, L. American Campanula. 
 
 Low rich woods. Chemung valley, Knieskern , Torrey FI N.Y. In the vici- 
 nity of Seneca and Crooked lakes, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 SPECULAR I A, Heist er. Venus's Looking-glass. 
 
 perfoliata, A. DC. Perfoliate Specularia. 
 
 Gravelly hills and banks. Schenectady, Pearson Sandy fields near Oneida 
 lake, Knieskern. Infrequent. May - July. 
 
 ERICACEAE. 
 
 Heaths. 
 
 GAYLUSSACIA, H. B. K. Whortleberries.. 
 
 resinosa, Torr. fy Gr. Resinous Gaylussacia. 
 
 Swamps, sands and rocks. Most abundant on the low sand plains of Rome, 
 and the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. Frequent. May, June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 101 
 
 VACCINIUM, L. Cranberries. Blueuern t*. 
 
 oxycocccs, L. Small Cranberry . Tart-fruited Vaccinium. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps. Summit lake, Otsego county; Mud lake, Hidden lake, 
 State marsh, Frankfort hill ponds, Herkimer county. Oriskany swamp; 
 Paris hill; and abundant in the mossy marshes of the northwestern part of 
 the county and the north woods. Frequent. June. 
 
 macrocarpon, Aiton. Common Cranberry . Lar ge-fruited Vaccinium . 
 
 Cranberry swamps, margins of ponds. Mud lake, Graefenberg hill Hidden 
 lake, south Herkimer county. Common in the Rome swamps; west of Fort 
 Bull; head of Oneida lake. Abundant. June, July. 
 
 stamineum, L. Deerberry. Long-stamened Vaccinium. 
 
 Borders of woods. Abundant in the dry plains and pine woods of Schenec- 
 tady county. I have seen Oneida county specimens, but not growing, Knies- 
 kern. Frequent in Y'ates county, Sartwell. Rare. June. 
 
 pennsylvanicum, Lamarck. Blueberry. Dwarf Vaccinium. 
 
 Sandy fields, hillsides and rocks. The most common species. May. 
 
 canadense, Kahn. Downy Vaccinium. 
 
 Cold cedar swamps. Mud lake, and the State marsh of Herkimer county. 
 Bridgewater, Gray. Below Utica, in arbor-vitae swamps on the flats of the 
 Mohawk. Beyond Rome, on borders of deep sphagnum bogs. Rare. June. 
 
 yacillans, Solander. Wavy-leaved Vaccinium. 
 
 Borders of sphagnum swales. At Rome, common in open woods and sandy 
 plains. 
 
 Near Oriskany, Dt-Knieskern found a var. with small lanceolate-elliptical 
 leaves, Torrey Fl.N.Y. Infrequent. May. 
 
 corymbosum, L. Corybmed Vaccinium. 
 
 Swamps and low open woods. Common. 
 
 var. atrococcum, Gray. Black-fruited Vaccinium. 
 
 Borders of woods around bear pond on Frankfort hill. May, June. 
 
 CHIOGENES, Salisbury. Creeping Snowberry. 
 
 hispidula, Torr. fy Gr. Hispidulous Chiogenes. 
 
 Mossy swamps, under cedars and tamaracks; but on the hills and in the 
 northern part of the county, it abounds in the soil of woods and rocky banks. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 CALLUNA, Salisbury. Heath. Ling. 
 
 vulgaris, Salisb. Common Calluna. 
 
 Plants from Tewksbury, Mass., have been stationed on the sand plains of 
 Rome; and in the north woods of Herkimer county, on a barren knoll in the 
 beaver meadow beyond Bald rock, north of the Eight lakes, where they ought 
 to flourish and multiply. July - November. 
 
 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adanson. 
 
 uya-ursi, Sprengel. Bearberry. 
 
 Sandy plains between Albany and Schenectady, H. Seymour. Dry sandy 
 hills, pine plains north of New-London, Knieskern. Near Oneida lake, Gray. 
 On the Thousand islands of the St. Lawrence at Alexandria bay. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
102 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 EPIG JEA, L. Trailing Arbutus. 
 
 repens, L. Creeping Epigcea. 
 
 Sandy banks and open woods. Between Albany and Schenectady. Otsego 
 county, Miss S. Cooper : B. D. Gilbert. Common on the sands of Rome, 
 completely covering knolls in the swamps, and abundant throughout the dry 
 pine plains. Northern Oneida and Lewis counties, H. Seymour. 
 
 Frequent. April, May. 
 
 GAULTHERIA, Kalm. Wintergreen. 
 
 procumbens, L. Creeping Gaultheria. 
 
 Sandy woods, swamps, banks. Common. July. 
 
 CASSANDRA, Don. 
 
 CALYCULATA, Don. 
 
 Peat bogs, borders of ponds. 
 
 Leatherleaf. 
 Bracted-calyxed Cassandra. 
 Abundant. April. 
 
 ANDROMEDA, L. Andromedas. 
 
 POLIFOlia, L. Polium-leaved Andromeda. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps. Bogs in the sand plains and on the Rotterdam hills of 
 Schenectady county. Summit lake, Otsego county. Mud lake, State marsh, 
 Hidden lake, Frankfort and Graefenberg hills, Herkimer county. South- 
 Trenton; Paris hill; bogs on the pine plains of Rome; around Point of Rock 
 lake. Abundant in the lake marshes of the north woods. Frequent May. 
 
 ligustrina, Muhlenberg. Ligustrum-like Andromeda. 
 
 Low grounds, borders of woods. A mile or two northeast of Schenectady, 
 and abundant in bushy swamps on the Rotterdam hills. Southern counties, 
 Knieskern in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Rare. July. 
 
 KALMIA, L. American Laurels. 
 
 latifolia, L. Broad-leaved Kalmia. 
 
 Rocky hillsides near Leatherstocking’s Cave, east of Otsego lake, Misses 
 Bowen. Arbor-vitae swamps on the flats of the Mohawk, between Utica and 
 Frankfort; southwest of Utica, near the Chenango canal. Near Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Head of Crooked lake. Sartwell. Ithaca, Tompkins county, 
 Bradley. Rare. June. 
 
 angustifolia, L. Narrow-leaved Kalmia. 
 
 Sandy plains and swamps. Schenectady, Pearson. Oriskany, Knieskern. 
 Abundant throughout the plains of Rome. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell 
 in herb. Ham. Coll. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Bradley. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 GLAUCA, Aiton. Glaucous-leaved Kalmia. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps and lake marshes. Charlton, Schenectady county, Jack- 
 son. Otsego county, H.Lathrop. South-Trenton. Oriskany swamp formerly, 
 Gray. Abundant in the open swamps of Rome. Level mossy border around 
 Point of Rock lake, northwestern part of the county. Northeastern Oneida 
 county, H. Seymour. Common in the low borders of ponds and lakes in the 
 north woods. Rare. May. 
 
 AZALEA, L. 
 
 VISCOSA, L. 
 
 Wild Azaleas. 
 Clammy Azalea. 
 
 Borders of low woods, bashy swamps. Halfway between Schenectady and 
 Albany, Pearson. Near Boonville, Knieskern. Rare. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 103 
 
 nudiflora, L. Leafless -flowering Azalea. 
 
 Swamps and their borders; woods and dry hillsides. Rotterdam hills, Sche- 
 nectady county. Otsego county, Miss S. Cooper. Frankfort and Graefenberg 
 swamps. Whitesboro, J. S. Gardner. Common in southern Oneida county 
 and southward, Gray. Around the South-Trenton sphagnum swale. Abun- 
 dant in the low plains of Rome. Rocky banks of the Black river below Wa- 
 tertown. Abundant. May. 
 
 RHODODENDRON, L. Mountain Laurel, 
 
 maximum, L. Greatest Rhododendron. 
 
 Swamps, sides of streams. Mohawk valley, Schenectady, Pearson : west of 
 Oriskany, Vasey. Oriskany valley, a mile or two southeast of Clark’s mills. 
 Unadilla valley, four miles below Bridgewater, Gray. Italy hill. Yates coun- 
 ty, Sartwell. Rare. July. 
 
 LEDUM, L. Labrador Tea. 
 
 latifolium, Aiton. Broad-leaved Ledum. 
 
 Swamps on the hills. Cedar swamp adjoining Mud lake; around Wetmore’s 
 sphagnum pond, Frankfort hill, Herkimer county. Abundant in the Paris 
 hill swamp. Wooded swamps beyond Rome. Common in the north woods, 
 at the edges of ponds, lakes, and far up their banks into the forests. 
 
 Scarce. May. 
 
 PYROLA, L. Pyrolas. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Round-leaved Pyrola. 
 
 Rich woods. Common. June, July. 
 
 var. asarifolia, Torr. dp Gr. Asarum-leaved Pyrola. 
 
 Sandy hills. Near Utica. Yates county, Sartwell. Infrequent. 
 
 uliginosa, Torr. dp Gr. Swamp Pyrola. 
 
 Cold swamps. Very abundant in the marshes near Summit lake at the top 
 of the hill south of the Mohawk, source of Otsquago creek and the Susque- 
 hanna river; where it often covers the surface in patches. Abundant also at 
 Mud lake, south Herkimer county, in shade and wet moss. Sparingly in the 
 Litchfield marshes. Formerly it flourished in the Oriskany swamp, where it 
 was discovered. Leaves orbiculate, on long petioles; flowers many, loose in 
 the raceme, deep purple, the most beautiful of the genus. Rare. June. 
 
 elliptica, Nutt. Elliptical-leaved Pyrola. 
 
 Woods. Common. June. 
 
 chlorantha, Swartz. Green- flowered Pyrola. 
 
 Sandy woods. Schenectady county pine woods, and along the Rolle-boom of 
 the Rotterdam hills. East side of Otsego lake, B .D. Gilbert. Plains of Rome, 
 Knieskern. Penn-Y an, Sartwell in herb . Ham. Coll. Rare. June. 
 
 secunda, L. Onesided-flowering Pyrola. 
 
 Dry woods and hillsides, in deep shade. Common. 
 
 In the high cold cedar swamps of Summit lake; Mud lake, State swamp 
 of south Herkimer county, a small form grows in wet moss under evergreens, 
 with small round leaves, half an inch in diameter and less, nearly entire, very 
 light-colored; flowers few, slender. Rare. July. 
 
 MONESES, Salisbury. One-flowered Pyrola. 
 
 uniflora, Gray. Single-flowered Moneses. 
 
 Deep woods. Otsego county, Miss S. Cooper : J. S. Douglass, Torr.Fl.N.Y. 
 Woods at Herkimer, Gray. Eaton, Madison county, Bradley. Penn-Yan, 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. June. 
 
104 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. Prince' s-pine. 
 
 umbellata, Nuttall. Umbellate Chimaphila. 
 
 Dry banks, in evergreen shade. Common. June. 
 
 maculata, Pursh. Spotted-leaved Chimaphila . 
 
 Sandy woods. Otsego county, common, Miss S. Cooper. Pine plains of 
 Rome, scarce. Near Verona, Knieskern. Auburn, I. H.Hall. Yates county, 
 Sartwell. 
 
 Usually with ovate leaves : lanceolate leaves are found in a cedar swamp 
 southwest of Utica, on the Chenango canal. Rare. July. 
 
 PTEROSPORA, Nuttall. Pine-drops. 
 
 andromedea, Nutt. Andromeda-flowered Pterospora. 
 
 Dry shaded banks. Factory glen, and Jantepusche’s berg, Rotterdam, six 
 miles west of Schenectady, Pearson. Steep sides of Oriskany creek just 
 above Dexter factory, where it was discovered by Vasey. Littlefalls, Cooper; 
 Sackett’s-harbor, Wood; Banks of Seneca lake, Gray ; Torrey FI. N .Y. 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. August. 
 
 MONOTROPA, L. 
 
 UNIFLORA, L. 
 Dry woods. 
 
 Indian Pipe. 
 One-jlowered Monotropa. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 hypopitys, L. Pine-parasite Monotropa. 
 
 Open woods of oak and pine. Helderberg mountains, three miles southeast 
 of Knowerville, Pearson. Near Moss pond, Otsego county, B. D. Gilbert. 
 Moist woods near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Yates county, Sartwell. Parma, 
 Monroe county, Bradley. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 AQUIFOLIACEiE. 
 ILEX, L. 
 
 verticillata, Gray. 
 
 Streams and swamps. 
 
 Hollies. 
 
 Winter berries. 
 Yerticillate-jlowered Ilex. 
 Common. June. 
 
 laevigata, Gray. Smooth-leaved Ilex. 
 
 Low thickets. Major Van Voost’s fly, Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 NEMOPANTHES, Rafinesque. Mountain Holly. 
 
 canadensis, DC. Canadian Nemopanthes. 
 
 Cold swamps. Frankfort hill, around the sphagnum pond. Paris hill. Abun- 
 dant in the swamps west of Rome. Dry woods along the summit of the Fish 
 creek cliffs. Common in the north woods about ponds and lakes. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 PLANTAGINACEiE. Plantains. 
 
 PLANTAGO, L. 
 
 MAJOR. L. Common Plantain. Greater Plantago. 
 
 Damp grounds, waste places. June - August. 
 
 LANCEOLATA, L. English Plantain. Lanceolate-leaved Plantago. 
 Roadsides and fields. Common. May- July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 105 
 
 PKIMULACEiE. Primroses . 
 
 PRIMULA, L. 
 
 M ist ass in ic a, Michaux. From Lake Mistassinnie. 
 
 Cliffs of Fish creek, from Taberg northward; in the crevices of dry rocks 
 and on the surface of wet precipices, with, but outnumbering, Saxifraga 
 aizoides. Near dripping water the plants grow most abundantly and largest, 
 often eight or ten inches in height, and bearing a cluster of as many flowers. 
 These vary in color, from pure white, through different shades of pink, to 
 deep blue. The leaves also vary in form, from round obovate to oblong lan- 
 ceolate; often entire, commonly more or less toothed; usually smooth beneath, 
 but frequently white mealy. A whole cliff-side scattered over with these 
 variegated Primroses is one of the loveliest sights in all our flora. 
 
 It has been found also in the deep ravine of Hammondsport at the head 
 of Crooked lake, Steuben county, by Dr. Sartwell. These stations are the 
 southern limits of the plant. In the northern part of the continent its range 
 is extensive, from Labrador and Lake Mistassinnie, to the Rocky mountains 
 and the Northwest coast; and northward to the Arctic circle. 
 
 Local. Latter part of May. 
 
 DODECATHEON, L. American Cowslip. 
 
 meadia, L. Mead’s Dodecatheon. 
 
 Rich banks. Steuben county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rev. Mr. Bost- 
 wick, formerly of Hammondsport, found this on the Conhocton river below 
 Bath, and introduced it to his garden, from which I collected specimens, 
 Sartwell. Rare. May. 
 
 TRIENTALIS, L. 
 
 AMERICANA, Pursh. 
 Moist woods. 
 
 May-star. 
 American Trientalis. 
 Common. May. 
 
 LYSIMACHIA, L. 
 
 STRICTA, Aiton. 
 Marshy places. 
 
 Loosestrifes. 
 Upright Lysimaehia. 
 June, July. 
 
 quadrifolia, L. Whorled-leaved Lysimaehia . 
 
 Open sandy woods; wet grasslands. Abundant. Juno. 
 
 ciliata, L. Fringed Lysimaehia. 
 
 Borders of streams, swamps Common on the shaded banks of the Mohawk, 
 in deep low woods, and cedar swamps on the hills. July; August. 
 
 NAUMBURGIA, Mcench. Naumburgia. 
 
 thyrsi flora. Reichenbach. Thyrsoid Naumburgia. 
 
 Low meadows of the Mohawk, below Utica, below Oriskany. Swamps on 
 the hills, from Summit lake to Cedar lake and Graefonberg hill. Paris hill. 
 Abundant in the swamps of Rome. Frequent. June. 
 
 SAMOLUS, L. Water Pimpernel. 
 
 valerandi, L., var. americanus, Gray. American Samolus. 
 
 Rivulet-sides, grassy marshes. Oriskany valley; Oriskany. Manchester. 
 Abundant about Onondaga lake, along muddy banks, especially at its head, 
 Salina. Infrequent. July - September. 
 
 HOTTONIA, L. Featherfoil. 
 
 inflata, Elliott. Inflated-peduncled Hottonia. 
 
 Still water. Two or three miles west of Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 7 
 
106 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 LENTIBULACEiE. 
 
 Bladderworts. 
 
 UTRICULARIA, L. Utricularias. 
 
 vulgaris, L. Common Utricularia. 
 
 Ponds and their muddy borders. Below Utica, on the flats. Mud lake and 
 Hidden lake, south Herkimer county. Bogs on the meadows of Fish creek 
 above Humaston’s. Black brook at the head of Oneida lake. Ponds near 
 Oneida lake, Knieskern. Abundant. Junj, July. 
 
 minor, L. Smaller Utricularia. 
 
 Swamps, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. 
 Abundant on Hidden lake, among grass in standing water, or along borders 
 of wide places in the rivulet. Scapes ten- to fifteen-flowered : flowers pale 
 yellow, or flesh-colored. Rare. June, July. 
 
 clandestina, Nutt. Stem-flowering Utricularia . 
 
 Pond borders. I have another species of Utricularia, collected near Utica 
 by Dr. Knieskern, which I am unable to determine from the dried and ra- 
 ther imperfect specimens. Its general appearance is that of U. vulgaris, but 
 the flowers are scarcely one-third as large as in that species. The spur is 
 short, thick, and very obtuse. At the base of the scape, and along the sub^ 
 merged stem, there are scattered one-flowered peduncles, Torrey FI N .Y. 
 In a shallow mossy pool on the sphagnum border of Wetmore’s pond, 
 Frankfort hill, a few plants. Rare. July. 
 
 intermedia, Hayne. Intermediate Utricularia. 
 
 In very wet swamps, Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray in Rare 
 plants of Northern N.Y. Jefferson county, Crawe in herb. Sartwell Bam. 
 Coll. Wet places on Hidden lake, Litchfield, south Herkimer county, where 
 it is abundant. Rare. June, July. 
 
 gibba, L. Gibbous- spurred Utricularia • 
 
 In mossy sloughs on Hidden lake. Swamp west of Whitesboro, Douglass 
 Houghton in herb ., G.W. Clinton. Rare. August. 
 
 CORNUTA, Michx. Horned Utricularia. 
 
 Swamps, bogs, shores. Abundant on Hidden lake in wet moss. Sphagnous 
 swamp bordering Perch lake, Jefferson county, Gray in Rare plants of 
 Northern N.Y. Frequent on sandy shores of lakes in the north woods. 
 Swamps on the Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Junius, Seneca county, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. June, July. 
 
 PINGUIOULA, L. Butterwort. 
 
 VULGARis,I/. Common Butterwort. 
 
 Wet meadows below the falls of Genesee river at Rochester, Dewey in herb. 
 Union Coll.; Carey in herb . Sartwell Ham. Coll.; Z. H. Harris in herb. 
 Bradley. Exhausted at Rochester, but said to grow on the walls of the river 
 above or below Portage, Chester Dewey. Rare. June, July. 
 
 OROBANCHACEiE. Broomrapes . 
 
 EPIPHEGUS, Nuttall. Beechdrops. 
 
 VIRGINIANA, Barton . Virginian Epiphegus. 
 
 Everywhere in beech ivoods. The whole plant in color pure golden yellow, in 
 rich woods near Clark’s mills. August, September. 
 
 CONOPIIOLIS, Wallroth. 
 
 Americana, Wallr. American Conopholis. 
 
 Rich woods. Schoharie county, Knieskern : Oriskany, Vasey, Torr.Fl.N.Y. 
 Chestnut woods east of Auburn, I. H.Hall. Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Oak openings, Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 107 
 
 APHYLLON, Mitchell. 
 
 UNIFLORUM, Torr. Gr. Single-flowered Aphyllon. 
 
 Moist woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Shady banks of the Mohawk, J. G. 
 Crocker. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Infrequent. May, June. 
 
 SCKOPHULARIACEiE. Figworts. 
 
 VERBASCUM, L. Mulleins. 
 
 THAPSUS, L. Common Mullein. From the Ancient Thapsus. 
 
 Roadsides, old fields. Common. June, September. 
 
 BLATTARIA, L. Moth Mullein . 
 
 "Waysides, pastures, hills. Albany; Schenectady; Littlefalls; round about 
 Utica : the form with white and purple flowers. The bright yellow flowers are 
 abundant in Trenton. Common. June - October. 
 
 LYCHNITIS, L. White Mullein. The Ancient Lychnitis. 
 
 Barren sandy fields and copses on a ridge at the head of Oneida lake, parallel 
 with the shore, beyond which are swamps. It is most abundant around the 
 mouth of Fish creek Here are the ruins of an old fort, which may account 
 for the introduction of the plant. 
 
 Two hybrids between this species and V. thapsus , one resembling the latter 
 with a simple stem and yellow flowers, and the other the former with panicu- 
 late branches and white corollas, were observed by Knieskern. 
 
 Local. July, August. 
 
 LIN ARIA, Tournefort. Toadflax. 
 
 VULGARIS, Miller. Common Linaria. 
 
 Roadsides and waste grounds. Common. June - October. 
 
 E LATIN E, Miller. The Ancient Elatine. 
 
 Sandy soils. Near Albany, Beck; and shores of Cayuga lake, Gray , Torrey 
 FI. N.Y. Formerly in the streets of Geneva, Sartwell. Rare. June, July. 
 
 SCROPHULARIA, Tournefort. 
 NODOSA, L. 
 
 Roadsides, river-banks. 
 
 Figwort. 
 
 Nodose-rooted Scrophularia. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 COLLINSIA, Nuttall. Collinsia. 
 
 Verna, Nutt. Early Collinsia . 
 
 Wet meadows on the flats of the Mohawk, just below Utica. Borders of a 
 small pond near Utica, Knieskern. Near Utica, Gray; Ithaca, Aikin , 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. May. 
 
 CHE LONE, Tournefort. 
 
 glabra, L. 
 
 Grassy swamps. 
 
 Snakehead . 
 Smooth Chelone . 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. 
 
 PUBESCENS, Solander. Downy Pentstemon. 
 
 Barren gravelly banks. Abundant along the Railroad west of Schenectady to 
 Fort-Plain. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Rocky sides of Black river below 
 Watertown. Seneca lake, Gray. Greece, on oak openings, Bradley. 
 
 Frequent. June -August. 
 
 MIMULUS, L. 
 
 RINGENS, L. 
 
 Ditches, streams. 
 
 Monkey flowers. 
 G aping-flowered Mimulus. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
108 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 alatijs, Alton. Winged- stemmed Mimulus. 
 
 Wet meadows, river-sides. Abundant in the western part of New-York, 
 Beck. Greece. Monroe county, Bradley. Lockport, Hartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 GRATIOLA, L. Hedge-hyssop. 
 
 VIRGINIANA, L. Virginian Gratiola. 
 
 Muddy banks, rivulets and overflowed places. Common. June- August. 
 
 ILYSANTHES, Rafinesque. False Pimpernel. 
 
 gratioloides, Bentham. Gratiola-like Ilysanthes. 
 
 Water-sides. Near Oneida lake, Knieskern, Gray. Infrequent. July -Sept. 
 
 VERONICA, L. Speedwells. 
 
 virginica, L. Culver' s-root . Virginian Veronica. 
 
 Borders of low woods, copses. Below Schenectady, Pearson. Clinton, Brad- 
 ley. Oriskany, Knieskern. Junius and Avon, Sartwell in herb. Ham . Coll. 
 
 Infrequent. July. 
 
 anagallis, L. Pcor Man's Weatherglass-like Veronica. 
 
 Rivulets and ponds. Abundant about Cedarville, and down the Ilion creek 
 
 to the Mohawk river : grows to 
 water. 
 
 Americana, Schweinitz. 
 Streams, marshes. 
 
 SCUTELLATA, L. 
 
 Wet meadows, swamps. 
 
 OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 Dry woods, hillsides, pastures. 
 
 SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Moist grass lands. 
 
 PEREGRINA, L. 
 
 Rocks, gardens, fields. 
 
 ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 Dry banks, hillsides, pastures. 
 
 immense size in the mill-ponds, in deep 
 Uncommon. June - August. 
 
 American Veronica. 
 
 Common. June - September. 
 
 Little Shield-like-podded Veronica. 
 
 Common. May - July. 
 
 Officinal Veronica. 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 Thyme-leaved Veronica. 
 
 Common. May -August. 
 
 Travelling Veronica. 
 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 Cultivated-field Veronica. 
 
 Frequent. April - August. 
 
 BUCHNERA, L. Blue-hearts. 
 
 Americana, L. American Buchnera. 
 
 Wet meadows and along streams. Chenango valley and westward, Knieskern. 
 Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rochester, Z. H. 
 Harris in herb. Bradley. Banks of the Genesee river, Greece, Bradley , 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. July, August. 
 
 GERARDIA, L. Foxgloves. Gerardias. 
 
 purpurea, L. Purple-flowered Gerardia. 
 
 Marshy water-sides. Shores of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence river, 
 from Irondequoit bay, L. Holzcr, to Alexandria bay. Rare. July - Sept. 
 
 tenuifolia, Vahl. Slender -leaved Gerardia. 
 
 Dry banks. Chenango valley and westward, Knieskern. Copses along the 
 east side of Onondaga lake. Crooked lake, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Oak 
 openings, Greece, Bradley. Frequent. August, September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 109 
 
 flaya, L. Yellow-flowered Gerardia. 
 
 Copses. Otsego c.dunty, H. Lathrop. Borders of Oneida lake, on sandy 
 plains, Knieskern. Occasional. July, August. 
 
 quercifolia, Pursh. Oak-leaved Gerardia . 
 
 Rocky woods; shady banks. Schenectady county, grove northeast of the 
 College buildings, and copses on the Rotterdam hills. Near Oneida lake, 
 Gray. Outlet of Owasco lake, I.H. Hall. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. Greece, on oak openings, Bradley. Scarce. August. 
 
 pedicularia, L. Pedicularis- leaved Gerardia. 
 
 Open woods. Pine plains of Schenectady, E. W. Paige. Outlet of Owasco 
 lake, I. H. Hall. Yates county, Sartwell in herb . Ham. Coll. Monroe county, 
 L.Holzer. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 CASTILLEIA, Mutis. P ainted-cup. 
 
 coccinea, Spreng. Scarlet -br acted Castilleia. 
 
 Wet meadows, swamp borders. Oneida lake, Gray. Eaton, Madison county, 
 Bradley. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll Greece, Monroe county, 
 Bradley. Infrequent. May, June. 
 
 SCHWALBEA, Gronovius. Chaff-seed. 
 
 Americana, L. American Schwalbea. 
 
 Sandy banks. Found in the sandy plains near Albany, Beck hot. Between 
 Albany and Schenectady, near Centre station. Rare. June - August. 
 
 PEDICULARIS, Tournefort. Wood Betony. 
 
 canadensis, L. Canadian Pedicularis. 
 
 Rocky woods. Little falls. Fish creek. Frequent. May - July. 
 
 lanceolata, Michx. Lanceolate-leaved Pedicularis. 
 
 Borders of swamps. Tarrytown, I.H. Hall. Glenville, Schenectady county ; 
 Madison county, Pearson. About Rochester, in several localities. C. M. 
 Booth. Western counties, Knieskern. Rare. August, September. 
 
 MELAMPYRUM, Tournefort . 
 
 americanum, Michx. American Melampyrum. 
 
 Dry woods. Rotterdam hills, Schenectady county. Abundant in the rocky 
 woods of Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Pine plains of Rome. 
 
 Frequent. June - August. 
 
 ACANTHACEzE. Acanthus. 
 
 D I AN THERA, Gronovius. Water-willow. 
 
 Americana, L. American Dianthera. 
 
 Water-sides. Shallow water, Oneida lake, Knieskern. A mile or two south 
 of Oswego, between the canal and the river. Scarce. July - September. 
 
 VERBENACEiE. Verbenas. 
 
 VERBENA, L. Vervains. 
 
 hastata, L. Hastate-leaved Verbena. 
 
 Waste grounds, flats of streams. Common. July - September. 
 
 URTICIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Roadsides, pastures. 
 
 Hybrids with purple flowers are abundant. 
 
 Nettle-leaved Verbena. 
 
 Common. 
 July - September. 
 
110 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPOET ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 PHRYMA, L. 
 
 LEPTOSTACHYA, L. 
 
 Ravines and borders of woods. 
 
 Lopseed. 
 Slender-spiked Phryma. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 LABXATYE. Mints. 
 
 TEUCRIUM, L. Germander. Wood- sage. 
 
 canadense, L. Canadian Teucrium. 
 
 Banks of streams, marshes. Schenectady, Pearson. Banks of Fish creek, 
 Knieskern. Ravine of Chittenango creek; borders of Onondaga lake. Island 
 in the outlet of Ovvaseo lake, I. H. Hall. Head of Seneca lake, with white 
 dowers, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. July - September. 
 
 TRICHOSTEMA, L. Blue Curls. 
 
 mchotomum, L. Dichotomous Trichostema. 
 
 Rocks or barren hillsides. Littlefalls, south of the river, along the base of 
 the cliffs. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 ISANTHUS, Michaux. False Pennyroyal. 
 
 cjeruleus, Michx. Blue-flovjered Isanthus. 
 
 River banks. Above Cohoes falls, Gray. Banks of the Erie canal between 
 Albany and Schenectady, Knieskern ; Jefferson county, Crawe, Torrey FI. 
 N.Y. Rare. July, August. 
 
 MENTHA, L. 
 
 VIRIDIS, L. 
 
 Brooks, roadsides in damp places. 
 
 PIPERITA , L. 
 
 Rivulets and their borders. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Low grounds. Common. 
 
 var. glabrata, Bentham. 
 Grassy swamps. 
 
 Mints. 
 
 Spearmint. 
 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Peppermint. 
 Abundant. July, August. 
 
 Canadian Mint. 
 
 Smooth Mint . 
 Abundant. July, August. 
 
 LYCOPTJS, L. 
 
 VIRGINICUS, L. 
 
 Shaded low grounds. 
 
 Bugle-weed. Water Horehounds. 
 
 Virginian Ly copus. 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 EUROPiEUS, L. 
 
 var. SINUATUS, Gray. 
 Overflowed marshes, standing water. 
 
 European Ly copus. 
 
 Sinuated-leaved Lycopus. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 HYSSOPUS, L. Hyssop. 
 
 OFFICINALIS , L. Officinal Hyssopus. 
 
 Escapes from cultivation. Roadsides on the Litchfield hills, long established. 
 Yates county, frequently, Sartwell’ Juno - September. 
 
 PYCNANTHEMUM, Michaux. Mountain-mints. 
 
 incanum, Michx. Hoary Pycnanthemum. 
 
 Rocks and hillsides. Oneida county, Knieskern. Yates county, Sartwell in 
 herb . Ham. Coll. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Frequent. July, August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 cltnopodioides, Torr. Gr. Clinopodium-like Pycnanthemum. 
 
 Dry banks. Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. 
 
 Scarce. August, September. 
 
 muticum, Persoon. Aivnless Pycnanthemum. 
 
 Barren hillsides. Tarrytown, I. H. Hall. Brighton, Monroe county. L.Holzer. 
 
 Rare. July, August. 
 
 lanceolatum, Pursh. Lance-leared Pycnanthemum. 
 
 Bushy banks along the east side of Onondaga lake. Greece. Monroe county, 
 Bradley. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 ORIGANUM, L. Wild Marjoram. 
 
 VULGARE , L. Common Origanum. 
 
 Sandy or gravelly banks. Troy, Aiken in herb. Sartwcll Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July - October. 
 
 THYMUS, L. 
 
 SERPYLLUM. L. 
 
 Banks. Hackney falls on the 
 I. H. Hall. 
 
 CALAMINTHA, Munch. 
 
 CLIN OP OBI U M, Bentham. 
 Copses. 
 
 Creeping Thyme. 
 The Ancient Serpyllum. 
 
 of Owasco lake, Auburn, certainly wild, 
 Rare. June, August. 
 
 Calaminth. Basil. 
 Bed-foot Calamintha. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 MELISSA, L. Balm . 
 
 OFFICINALIS, L. Officinal Melissa. 
 
 Roadsides, edges of woods, remote from gardens. Fairfield, Hadley in herb. 
 Roadsides on the Litchfield hills. Woods near Schuyler, Herkimer county, 
 on the hillside. East of Clinton. Frequent. July - September. 
 
 HEDEOMA, Persoori. 
 
 PUL EGIO IDES, Pers. 
 
 Rich woods; barren sidehills and pastures. 
 
 Pennyroyal. 
 Pennyroyal-like Hedeoma. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 COLLINSOXIA, L. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. 
 
 Shady ravine-bottoms. 
 
 Morse-halm. 
 Canadian Collinsonia. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 MONARDA, L. 
 
 DIDYMA, L. 
 
 Wet meadows and ravines. 
 
 Oswego Tea. Horse-mints. 
 Two-whorled-flowered Monarda. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 fistclosa, L. Hollow-stemmed Monarda. 
 
 Rocky banks. Penn-Yan, Sarlwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Abundant near Ro- 
 chester, Beck bot. Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 punctata, L. Spottedfowered Monarda . 
 
 Dry grounds. Jefferson county, Vasey ; near Owego, Susquehanna valley, 
 Knieskern , Torrey Fl.N.Y. Rare. August, September. 
 
 BLEPHILIA, Rafinesque. Blephilia. 
 
 hirsuta, Bentham. Hairy Blephilia. 
 
 Low woodlands. Abundant throughout the northern and western portions of 
 the State, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N. Y. Fairfield, Herkimer county, 
 Hadley , Gray. Richfield, Otsego county, G. W. Clinton. Bridgewater, Gray 
 in cat. Frequent. July, August. 
 
112 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 LOPHANTHUS, Bentham. Giant Hyssop. 
 
 nepetoides, Benth. Nepeta-like Lophanthus. 
 
 Thickets. Westport, Essex county, G. T. Stephens. Schenectady county, 
 E. TV. Paige. Fairfield, Hadley in herb. Oneida county, Knieskern. Near 
 Bridgewater, Gray in cat. Uncommon. July, August. 
 
 scrophul ARiiEFOLius, Benth. Scrophularia-leaved Lophanthus. 
 
 Borders of woods. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. August. 
 
 NEPETA, L. Nepetas. 
 
 CAT ARIA. L. Cat-mint. 
 
 Walls, yards, waste places. Common. July - September. 
 
 GLECHOMA, Benth. From the ancient Glechon. 
 
 Dooryards. hedges, grass lands : sometimes in deep woodland and ravines. 
 
 Abundant. May - August. 
 
 DRACOCEPHALUM, L. Dragonhead. 
 
 parviflorum, Nutt. Small-flowered Dracocephalum. 
 
 Barren fields and woods, Watertown, Jefferson county, Gray in Rare plants 
 of Northern N.Y. Brownville, Craxue in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Rocky soil 
 on the road between Watertown and Sackett’s- harbor, Knieskern. Rocky 
 banks of Black river, Vasey. Rocky banks of small lakes and rivers, St. 
 Lawrence county, Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. May - August. 
 
 BRUNELLA, Tournefort. 
 
 VULGARIS, L. 
 
 Roadsides, meadows, deep woods. 
 
 Self heal. Healall. 
 Common Brunella. 
 Common. June - August 
 
 SCUTELLARIA, L. Skullcaps. 
 
 parvula, Michx. Dwarf Scutellaria. 
 
 Hillsides. St. Lawrence river; near Montreal, Macrae in herb. Sartwell Ham. 
 Coll. Shore of Lake Ontario, Gray, Torrey FI. N.Y. Rare. May, June. 
 
 GALERICULATA, L. 
 
 Swamps and flats of streams. 
 
 LATERIFLORA, L. 
 
 River-banks and wet woods. 
 
 Hooded Scutellaria. 
 Abundant. August. 
 
 Side-flowering Scutellaria. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Horehound. 
 Common Marrubium. 
 
 Schenectady, Pearson. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. 
 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 MARRUBIUM, L. 
 
 VULGARE, L. 
 
 Waysides, river-banks. 
 
 Ham. Coll. 
 
 GALEOPSIS, L. 
 
 TETRAHIT, L. 
 
 Damp waste places, river-banks. 
 
 STACIIYS, L. 
 
 PALUSTRIS, L. 
 
 Wet grass lands. 
 
 var. aspera, Gray. 
 Low grounds of streams. 
 
 Hemp-nettle. 
 Fourparted flowered Galeopsis. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Hedge-nettle. 
 Marsh St achy s. 
 
 Common. 
 Rough St achy s. 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 113 
 
 LEOXURUS, L. Motherwort . 
 
 CARDIAC A, L. Cardiacal Leonurus. 
 
 Waysides, fences, waste places. Common. July - September. 
 
 LAMIUM, L. Dead-nettle. 
 
 AMPLEXICAULE , L. Clasping-leaved Lamium. 
 
 Roadsides. Schenectady near the Saratoga railroad, in wet woods, Pearson. 
 Fairfield, Hadley in herb. Near Bridgewater, Gray in cat. 
 
 Uncommon. May- November. 
 
 PHLOMIS, L. Jerusalem Sage. 
 
 TUBEROSA, L. Tuberous Phlomis. 
 
 Shore of Lake Ontario. Introduced and somewhat naturalized near Ro- 
 chester, Chester Dewey in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. June, July. 
 
 BORRAGIXACEiE. Borages. 
 
 ECHIUM, Tournefort. Blue-weed. 
 
 VULGARE, L. Common Echium . 
 
 Roadsides and fields. Nyack, Rockland county, I. H. Hall. Schenectady, 
 Pearson. Scarce. June, July. 
 
 LYCOPSIS, L. 
 
 ARVENSIS. L. 
 
 Shores and waste grounds at Oswego. 
 
 Bugloss. 
 Cultivated-field Lycopsis. 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 SYMPHYTUM, Tournefort. 
 
 OFFICINALE, L. 
 
 "Waysides, flats of streams. 
 
 Comfrey. 
 Officinal Symphytum . 
 Common. June - October. 
 
 ONOSMODIUM, Michaux. False Gromwell. 
 
 VIRGINIANUM, DC. Virginian Onosmodium. 
 
 Dry hills. Saratoga county, L. Collins. Herkimer, Gray. Vernon, Knies - 
 kern. Seneca lake, Sartwell. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 carolinianum, DC. Carolinian Onosmodium. 
 
 Sandy grounds near Albany, G. W. Clinton , Beck hot. Stone creek, Gray. 
 
 Rare. June - August. 
 
 LITHOSPERMUM, Tournefort. Gromwell. Puccoon. 
 
 ARVENSE, L. Cornfield Lithospermum. 
 
 Hillsides, barren grounds. Along the Central railroad at Fort-Plain. Rocky 
 banks of Black river. Frequent. May, Juno. 
 
 OFFICINALE , L. 
 Roadsides, pastures. 
 
 Officinal Lithospermum. 
 Abundant June - September. 
 
 latifolium, Michx. Broad-leaved Lithospermum. 
 
 Copses. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Scottsville, Monroe 
 county, L. Holzer. Rare. June. 
 
 hirtum, Lehmann. Hairy Puccoon. Rough Lithospermum. 
 
 Sandy sidehills near Irondequoit bay, Penfield, Monroe county, L. Holzer : 
 C. M. Booth. Rare. May, June. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 8 
 
114 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 CANESCENS, Lehm. Hoary Puccoon. Soft Lithospermum. 
 
 Dry fields. 
 /. H. Hall. 
 
 Jonesville, Saratoga county, L. Collins. Auburn, Cayuga county. 
 
 Rare. May, June. 
 
 MERTENSIA, Doth. Eungwort 
 
 virginica, DC. Virginian Mertensia. 
 
 Rich grounds along streams. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Along Wood creek 
 near New-London, Gray. Banks of Oneida and Fish creeks, Knieskern. 
 Steuben county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. May. 
 
 MYOSOTIS, L. 
 
 palustris, Withering. 
 
 var. lax A, Gray. 
 
 Brook-sides. Abundant from Wood creek westward. 
 
 Forget-me-not. 
 Marsh Myosotis. 
 Spreading Myosotis. 
 May - September. 
 
 YERNA, Nutt. Early Myosotis. 
 
 Stony fields, rocky banks. About Utica. Abundant on the barren sides of 
 Black river below Watertown. Frequent. May - July. 
 
 ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. Stickseed. 
 
 LAPPULA , Lehmann. Pur Echinospermum. 
 
 Waste-grounds. Common along the Central railroad; and the Chenango 
 canal, from Utica southward. Dry gravelly banks, Oneida-castle, Knieskern. 
 Chittenango falls. Frequent. July - October. 
 
 C YN OGrLOSSUM, Tournefort. 
 
 OFFICINALE , L. 
 
 Roadsides, ravines. 
 
 var. ALBUM. 
 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Hound'’ s-t on gue. 
 Officinal Cynoglossum. 
 
 Common. 
 
 White-flowered Cynoglossum. 
 June - September. 
 
 VIRGIN icum, L. Virginian Cynoglossum. 
 
 Open woods. Near Yernon, J. S. Douglass, Knieskern. Yates county, Sart- 
 well. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Scarce. June - August. 
 
 MORISONI, DC. 
 
 Wet thickets and wood borders. 
 
 Morison’s Cynoglossum. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLUM, L. 
 
 VIRGIN ICUM, L. 
 
 Woods and meadows. 
 
 Waterleafs. 
 
 Waterleafs. Hydrophylla. 
 Virginian Hydrophyllum. 
 Common. June. 
 
 CANADENSE, L. 
 
 Deep woods and ravines. 
 
 Canadian Hydrophyllum. 
 Abundant. July. 
 
 appendiculatum, Michx. Appendaged-calyxed Hydrophyllum. 
 
 Damp rich woods. Flats of the Mohawk near Utica, Miss J. E. Johnson 
 in herb. Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 115 
 
 POLEMOXIACEJE. 
 
 Polemonia. 
 
 POLEMONIUM, Tournefort. Greek Valerian. 
 
 cjeruleum, L. Blue-flowered Polemonium. 
 
 Borders of a marsh three miles east of Charlottesville, Schoharie county, 
 New-York, E. C. Howe, Gray addend, hot. Delaware county, on the hills of 
 Delhi, half a mile above the Salt-works; growing in great clusters along the 
 marshy borders of a rivulet emptying into Elk creek, discovered by B. D. 
 Gilbert. Rare. June, July. 
 
 PHLOX, L. Phloxes. 
 
 paniculata, L. Panicled Phlox. 
 
 Cleared woodlauds. Richfield, Otsego county, G. W. Clinton. Rare. July. 
 
 maculata, L. Spotted-stemmed Phlox. 
 
 Escapes from cultivation. Roadsides in South-Trenton. June. 
 
 divaricata, L. Divaricate flowering Phlox. 
 
 Ravines and shady banks; often covering the ground in groves. Common 
 throughout the Mohawk valley , and for greater or less distances up its creeks 
 and tributaries; far up the Starch-factory creek; Deerfield creek; Sauquoit 
 creek, above New-Hartford; Oriskany valley to Clinton : thus appearing as 
 if brought from the West somehow, long ago. 
 
 The fiowers present all colors from white through many shades of pink and 
 lilac, to deep blue. Petals entire frequently. The leaves also vary from long 
 ovate to narrow lanceolate. May, June. 
 
 subulata, L. Moss-pink. Awl-like-leaved Phlox. 
 
 Rocky banks. Along the Genesee river below Rochester, east side. C. M. 
 
 Booth ; west side, G. T. Fish. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 COXY OLVULACEiE. 
 
 CALYSTEGIA, JR. Brown. 
 sepium, R. Br. 
 
 Banks of the Mohawk. 
 
 var. repens, Gray. 
 
 Bindweeds. 
 
 Br acted Bindweeds. 
 Hedge Calystegia. 
 Common. July, August. 
 Creeping Calystegia. 
 Dry hillsides. Embankments of the Central railroad. Slaton’s bush, toward 
 Graefenberg hill. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 SPITHAMiEA, Pursh. 
 
 Span Calystegia. 
 
 Sandy copses. Schenectady, Pearson. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. 
 Banks of Genesee river, L. Holzer. Rare. June. 
 
 CITS CUT A, Tournefort. Dodders. 
 
 EPILINUM , Weihe. Flax Cuscuta. 
 
 Parasitic chiefly on flax. Schenectady, Beck hot. June, July. 
 
 gronovii, Willd. Dedicated to Gronovius. 
 
 Thickets, swampy woods. Common. July - October. 
 
 SOLANACEiE. JVightshades . 
 
 SOLANUM, L. Solana . 
 
 DULCAMARA, L. Bittersweet Solanum. 
 
 Along streams; uncultivated cleared lands; under stonewalls. 
 
 Common. June - August. 
 
116 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 NIGRUM, L. 
 
 Waste places and woods. 
 
 Blade-fruited Solarium. 
 Frequent. July - September. 
 
 LYCOPERSICUM, Tournefort. 
 ESCULENTUM, Miller. 
 
 Escapes from cultivation into waste places, 
 of the lake. 
 
 Love-apple. Tomato. 
 Esculent Lycopersicum. 
 Marshes of Salina, at the head 
 July - September. 
 
 PHYSALIS, L. Ground-cherry. 
 
 yiscosa, L. Clammy Physalis . 
 
 Roadsides, fences, old fields. Schenectady, Pearson. Otsego county, H. 
 Lathrop. Near Oneida lake, Gray. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 ATROPA, L. Deadly Nightshade. 
 
 BELLADONNA , L. Fair-lady's Atropa. 
 
 Naturalized in Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. June, July. 
 
 NICANDRA, Adanson. Apple of Peru. 
 
 PHYSALOIDES, Gsertner. Physalis-like Nicandra. 
 
 Neglected gardens and fields. Naturalized in Greece, Bradley. 
 
 Infrequent. July - September. 
 
 HYOSCYAMUS, Tournefort. Henbane. 
 
 NIGER, L. Black Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Waste lots in cities. Abundant on waste banks and bottoms of Otsquago 
 creek at Fort-Plain, Montgomery county. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Os- 
 wego, about excavations. Infrequent. June - September. 
 
 DATURA, L. 
 
 STRAMONIUM , L. Officinal Stramonium. White-flowered Datura. 
 
 Streets of Albany and Utica. 
 
 var. TATULA, Torrey. Thorn-apple. Purple-flowered Datura.. 
 Waste-places about Schenectady. Roadsides a mile or two below Utica. 
 About Bridgewater, Gray. Scarce. July - September. 
 
 GENTIANACEiE. • Gentians. 
 
 ERYTHRiEA, Persoon. Centaury. 
 
 CENTAURIUM, Pers. The Ancient Centaurion. 
 
 Meadows and pastures. Oswego, two miles northward near the Lake shore; 
 two or three miles south of the city and east of the river, borders of woods. 
 
 Local. July - September. 
 
 FRASERA, Walter. American Columbo. 
 
 carolinensis, Walt. Carolinian Frasera. 
 
 Open dry woods. Banks of the Genesee river, Hadley, which should be the 
 reference in Torrey FI. N.Y., instead of West-Canada creek, Gray. East- 
 Bloomfield, Ontario county, Sartwell. Penfield, Monroe county, L. Holzer : 
 C. M. Booth. South of Moscow, Livingston county, Bradley. Rare. July. 
 
 GENTIANA, L. Gentians. 
 
 quinqueflora, Lamarck. Five flowered Gentian. 
 
 Hillsides. Lake George and Fairfield, Hadley in herb. Factory glen; Rot- 
 terdam springs, Pearson. Bridgewater, Gray in cat. Borders of a beaver 
 
rLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 117 
 
 meadow, Vernon, J. S. Douglass. Knieskern. Rise of ground south of Le- 
 land’s pond, and east of the road from Bouckville to Eaton, Madison county ; 
 Greece, Monroe county. Bradley. Gorham, Sort well in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Near Rochester, C. M. Booth : G. T. Fish. Rare. August - October. 
 
 crinita, Frolich. F ringed-flowered Gentian. 
 
 Meadows, banks, borders of woods. Pine plains of Schenectady, Pearson. 
 Borders of beaver meadows, Vernon, Douglass, Knieskern. Eaton, Madison 
 county, and Greece, Bradley. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. September, October. 
 
 alba, Muhl. White-flowered Gentian. 
 
 Borders of streams. Abundant along the outlet of Owasco lake, I. H. Hall. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 ANDREWSii, Gi'isebach. Closed-flowered Gentian. 
 
 TYet banks, borders of swamps. Schenectady, Pearson. "Wood and Fish 
 creeks , Knieskern. Owasco lake, I. H. Hall. Frequent. August - October. 
 
 saponaria, L. Soapwort-leaved Gentian. 
 
 var. linearis, Gray. Linear-leaved Gentian. 
 
 Abundant along the streams and lake shores in the north woods. August. 
 
 BAR TONI A, Muhlenberg. 
 
 tenella, Muhl. \ Slender Bartonia. 
 
 Sandy woods and swamps. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Deep swamps 
 west of New London. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 MENYANTHES, Tournefort . Buckbean. 
 
 trifoliata, L. Trifoliate Menyanthes. 
 
 Cold swamps. Littlefalls. Mud lake. Hidden lake. Frankfort hill. Rome. 
 Point of Rock lake. Abundant in the northern part of the county and the 
 north woods. Frequent. May. 
 
 LIMNANTHEMUM, Gmelin. Floating-heart . 
 
 lacunosum, Griseb. Pitted-leaved Limnanthemum. 
 
 Ponds, lakes. Oneida lake, Knieskern. Rare. June, July. 
 
 APOCYXACEyE. Dogbanes. 
 
 APOCYNUM, Tournefort. Apocyna. 
 
 ANDROSiEMiFOLiuM, L. Androscemum-leaved Apocynum. 
 
 Hillsides, copses. Littlefalls. Open plains of Rome. Common. June, July. 
 
 cannabinum, L. Hemp Apocynum. 
 
 Banks of streams. Abundant along the low banks of the Mohawk river. Fish 
 creek. 
 
 var. pubescens, DC. Pubescent-leaved Apocynum. 
 
 Northern part of the State, Gray. Troy, Aiken in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 
 var. hypericifolium, Gray. Hypericum-leaved Apocynum. 
 
 East- and West-Canada creeks, Gray. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Frequent. June - August. 
 
118 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ASCLEPIADACEiE. 
 
 Milkweeds. 
 
 ASCLEPIAS, L. 
 
 cornuti, Decaisne. Dedicated to Cornuti. 
 
 Roadsides, fences, ravines. Common. June -August. 
 
 phytolaccoides, Pursh. Pokeweed-like Asclepias. 
 
 Open woods, shores. Ballston lake, Pearson. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. 
 Pine plains of Rome, and near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Greece, Monroe 
 county, Bradley. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 PUrpurascens, L. Deep-pur pie- flowered Asclepias. 
 
 Moist woods, along rivulets, water-sides. Banks of Sander’s lake, Schenec- 
 tady county, Pearson. About Oneida lake, doubtless. Rare. July. 
 
 quadrifolia, Jacquin. Four-leaved Asclepias. 
 
 Dry shady ground. In all pine woods of Schenectady county. Otsego county, 
 H. Lathrop. Penn-Yan , Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. June. 
 
 obtusifolia, Michx. Obtuse-leaved Asclepias. 
 
 Sandy plains. Between Albany and Schenectady, near Centre station. 
 Schene.ctady, Pearson. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 incarnata, L. Flesh-coloredflowered Asclepias. 
 
 Along streams and shores. Common. July. 
 
 tuberosa, L. Tuberous Asclepias. 
 
 Hillsides and sandy plains. Abundant between Albany and Schenectady, and 
 west to Amsterdam. Otsego county, H. Lathrop. Pine plains and borders 
 of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Seneca county, Hartwell. Oak openings Greece, 
 Bradley. Uncommon. July, August. 
 
 verticillata, L. Whorled-leaved Asclepias. 
 
 Dry banks. Schenectady county, Pearson : Paige. Penfleld, Monroe county, 
 L. Holzer. Scarce. July - September. 
 
 PERIPLOCA, L. 
 GRJECA, L. 
 Naturalized. 
 
 Periploca. 
 Grecian Periploca. 
 
 Near Rochester, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July, August. 
 
 OLEACE.E. Olives. 
 
 LIGrUSTRUM, Tournefort. Privet. 
 
 VULGARE , L. Common Ligustrum. 
 
 Naturalized from hedges. College grounds, Schenectady, Pearson. Benton, 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Occasional. June. 
 
 FRAXINUS, Tournefort. 
 
 AMERICANA, L. 
 
 Forests. 
 
 pubescens, Lamarck. 
 
 Woods. Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 sambucifolia, Lamarck. 
 Swamps. 
 
 White, American Ash. 
 
 Common. April, May. 
 
 Bed, Pubescent Ash. 
 
 county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Infrequent. May. 
 
 Black , Elder-leaved Ash. 
 
 Common. April. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 119 
 
 C. APETALOUS EXOGENS. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. 
 
 Eirthworts. 
 
 ASARUM, Tournefort. 
 
 CANADENSE, L. 
 Ravine-sides. 
 
 Wild Ginger. 
 Canadian Asarum. 
 Common. April, May. 
 
 PH YTOLACCACEiE . 
 
 Pokeweeds. 
 
 PHYTOLACCA, Tournefort. 
 
 DECANDRA, L. 
 
 Borders of woods, cleared lands. 
 
 Polceweed. 
 Ten-stamened Phytolacca. 
 Common. June - October. 
 
 CHEN OPODIACEAE. 
 
 CHENOPODIUM, L. 
 
 HYBRIDUM, L. 
 
 Waste grounds. 
 
 Chenopods. 
 
 Goosefoots. Chenopodia. 
 Maple-leaved , Hybrid Chenopodium. 
 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 URBICUM. L. Metropolitan Chenopodium. 
 
 var. rhomb ifolium, Moquin. Wedge-leaved Chenopodium. 
 
 Streets, banks. Penn-Y^an, Sartwell fide Carey in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 ALBUM, L. White Chenopodium. 
 
 Roadsides, gardens. Common. July, August. 
 
 glaucum, L. Oalc , Glaucous-leaved Chenopodium. 
 
 Abundant at Salina, and along the shores of Onondaga lake, where it is 
 native, doubtless. Rare. July - November. 
 
 BOTRYS. L. Jerusalem-oak. Clustered-fruited Chenopodium. 
 
 "Waysides, sandy wastes. Schenectady, Pearson. Banks of Fish creek, 
 Vienna, Knieskern. Seneca lake, Gray. Penn-Y r an, Sartwell in herb. Hain. 
 Coll. Rochester ,C.M. Booth. Infrequent. July - September. 
 
 AMBROSIOID&S , L. Ambrosia-like Chenopodium. 
 
 Roadsides. Salina. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Uncommon. August, September. 
 
 BLITUM, Tournefort. Elites. 
 
 maritimum, Nutt. Seashore Elite. 
 
 Marshes at Salina, southwest shore of the lake, G. W. Clinton. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 capitatum, L. Strawberry , Capitate-fruiting Elite. 
 
 Roadsides, cleared lands. Schenectady, Pearson. Otsego county, Miss S. 
 Cooper: H.Lathrop. Oriskany , Knieskern. Rome, Beck bot. Bridgewater, 
 Gray in cat. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Greece, Monroe coun- 
 ty, Bradley. Rare. June, July. 
 
 BONUS-HEN RICUS, Reichenbach. Good-King-Henry Blite. 
 
 Waysides, dooryards, gardens. Common in Clinton and the Oriskany valley 
 Oriskany, Knieskern, Torrey FI. N .Y. : in herb • Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. June - September. 
 
120 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ATRIPLEX, Tournefort. Orache. 
 
 hastata, L. Hastate-leaved Atriplex. 
 
 Common at Salina, roadsides, marshes, shores of the lake; with all manner 
 of variations, from small erect simple plants, having rough brown seeds a 
 line in diameter, through branching specimens with shining black seeds half 
 a line in diameter, both light-green and covered with mealy scales; and a 
 very large form with deep-green smooth leaves, seeds two lines in diameter, 
 to 
 
 var. OBLONGiFOLiA. Oblong-leaved Atriplex. 
 
 Leaves entire, broadest at the end. August - November. 
 
 SALICORNIA, Tournefort. Samphire. 
 
 herbacea, L. Herbaceous Salicornia. 
 
 Salt-marshes of Onondaga lake : common at Salina, and abundant on the 
 west side of the lake opposite Liverpool. 
 
 Many of the low grounds are covered with this plant; and in autumn they 
 are very beautiful, after a few frosts have turned them into fields of crimson. 
 
 August, September. 
 
 AMARANTACEiE. 
 
 AMARANTUS, Tournefort. 
 HYBRIDUS, L. 
 
 Waste grounds. 
 
 RETROFLEXUS, L. 
 Gardens and fields. 
 
 ALBUS, L. 
 
 Roadsides, yards. 
 
 Amaranths. 
 
 Hybrid Amarantus. 
 
 August - October. 
 
 Reflexed-haired Amarantus. 
 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 White Amarantus. 
 
 August - October. 
 
 POLY GONACE2E. 
 
 Buckwheats. 
 
 POLYGONUM, L. 
 
 ORIENT ALE, L. Oriental Polygonum. 
 
 About gardens, rubbish. July - September. 
 
 amphibium, L. Amphibious Polygonum. 
 
 In the lakes of the North woods a form abounds, much larger than the 
 next and apparently quite different, growing with it. 
 
 var. aquaticum, L. Water Polygonum. 
 
 Sander’s lake, Pearson. Oneida lake, Knieskern. East Dry-lot pond, south 
 Herkimer county. In all the lakes and ponds from Otsego to Madison coun- 
 ties, Gray. Leland’s pond, Eaton, Madison county, Bradley. Common in 
 the lakes of the north woods. 
 
 var. terrestre, Torrey. Shore Polygonum. 
 
 Coon Chisholm’s. Schenectady, Pearson. Borders of a millpond near Win- 
 field. Along the outlet of Owasco lake, I. H. Hall. Cayuga lake, Gray. 
 
 Frequent. July - September.* 
 
 nodosum, Persoon. Nodding Polygonum. 
 
 var. incarnatum, Gray. Flesh-colored Polygonum. 
 
 Low banks of the Mohawk. Infrequent. August - October. 
 
 PENNSYLYANICUM, L. 
 Brooksides, marshes. 
 
 Pennsylvanian Polygonum. 
 
 Abundant. July - October. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 121 
 
 careyi, Olney . Discovered by J. Carey. 
 
 Upland swamps. Abundant in the half-open mossy bogs north of Summit 
 lake, Otsego county. Marshy borders of Mud lake, south Herkimer county. 
 
 Rare. September, October. 
 
 PERSIC ARIA, L. Peach-leaved Polygonum. 
 
 Waste grounds, near dwellings. Common. July, August. 
 
 HYDROPIPER, L. Water-pepper Polygonum . 
 
 Ditches, marshy places. Common. August - October. 
 
 acre, H. B. K. Pungent Polygonum. 
 
 Water-sides. Abundant in the marshes along the outlet of Cayuga lake. 
 
 Swamp near Owasco lake, I. H. Hall. Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 hydropiperoides, Michx. Water-pepper-like Polygonum. 
 
 Wet banks. Shores of Onondaga lake. Uncommon. August - November. 
 
 aviculare, L. Little-bird’s Polygonum. 
 
 Paths, yards. Common. June - September. 
 
 var. erectum, Roth. Upright Polygonum. 
 
 Damp wastes. Common. July - October. 
 
 articulatum, L. Jointed Polygonum. 
 
 Sandy plains. West of Albany, Eaton , Beck, Torrey. Schenectady, Pearson. 
 Shore of Oneida lake, Gray, Torrey FI. N.Y. Sandy borders of Oneida lake, 
 Knieskern. Rare. July - October. 
 
 VIRGINIANUM, L. 
 
 Rich woods, flats of streams. 
 
 ARIFOLIUM, L. 
 
 Wet thickets. 
 
 Virgate Polygonum. 
 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Arum-leaved Polygonum. 
 
 Abundant. August, September. 
 
 SAGITTATUM, L. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS, L. 
 
 Barren and cultivated grounds. 
 
 cilinode, Michx. 
 
 Damp thickets, on the Deerfield hills. 
 
 Arrow-leaved Polygonum. 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 Bindweed Polygonum. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Fringe-jointed Polygonum. 
 Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 DUMETORUM, L. 
 
 Banks of streams, bushes. 
 
 Thicket Polygonum. 
 
 Abundant. August, September. 
 
 FAGOPYHUM, Tournefort. Buckwheat. 
 
 ESCULENTUM, Moencli. Esculent Fagopyrum. 
 
 Field-borders, woods, and often in deep swamps. Frequent. June- August. 
 
 RUMEX, L. Docks. 
 
 ’ verticillatus, L. Whorled-jlowered Rumex . 
 
 Bogs on the flats of the Mohawk. Throughout the upland swamps south of 
 the Mohawk valley, Gray. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 hydrolapathum, Hudson. Water-dock Rumex. 
 
 var. americanum, Gray. American Water-dock Rumex. 
 
 Marshes, both on the hills, and in lowlands of rivers and lakes. 
 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 8 * 
 
122 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 OB TUSIF OLIUS, L. 
 
 Farmyards, fences, borders of woods. 
 
 Obtuse-leaved Rumex. 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 CRISP US, L. 
 
 Ditches, fields. 
 
 SANG VINE US, L. 
 Barnyards, pastures. 
 
 Curled-leaved Rumex. 
 
 Common. May -July. 
 
 Bloody-veined Rumex. 
 
 Scarce. June, July. 
 
 ACETOSA, L. Garden-sorrel Rumex. 
 
 Cultivated grounds. About gardens on Paris hill. Penn-Yan, introduced, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 ACETOSELLA. L. 
 
 Barren meadows, pastures. 
 
 Sheep-sorrel Rumex. 
 Common. May - July. 
 
 LAURA CEiE. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, Nees von Esenbeck. 
 officinale, Nees. 
 
 Sandy open woods. Abundant 
 county. Pine plains of Rome, at 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 BENZOIN, Nees von Esenbeck. 
 odoriferum, Nees. 
 
 Damp copses, swamps. 
 
 Laurels. 
 
 Sassafras. 
 Officinal Sassafras. 
 in the woods and copses of Schenectady 
 the head of Oneida lake. Penn-Yan, Surf- 
 Frequent. April, May. 
 
 Spicebush. Feverbush. 
 Fragrant Benzoin. 
 Common. April. 
 
 THYMELEACEiE. 
 
 Dap fin ads. 
 
 DIRCA, L. 
 
 PALUSTRIS, L. 
 
 Flats of streams, deep woods. 
 
 Leatherwood. 
 Marsh Dirca. 
 Abundant. April. 
 
 ELiEAGNACEiE. 
 
 Oleasters. 
 
 SHEPHERUIA, Nuttall. Shepherdia. 
 
 canadensis, Nutt. Canadian Shepherdia. 
 
 Ravine-sides, rocky banks of streams. Fairfield. Herkimer county, Gray. 
 Trenton falls, West-Canada creek, Knieskern. Deerfield creek opposite Utica, 
 high on the slaty sides of the gulf, from its entrance far up the headwaters 
 of the stream. East banks of Onondaga lake. Rocky sides of Black river. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 SANTALACEiE. Sandalwoods. 
 
 COMANDRA, Nuttall. 
 
 umbellata, Nutt. Umbellate Comandra . 
 
 Dry rocky banks; open sandy woods and their borders. Throughout tlfe 
 valley of the Mohawk, from Schenectady to Oneida lake. Frequent. 
 
 A form occurs in the swamp of West-Bergen, Genesee county, in open 
 places of damp moss or wet marl, in company with Solidago ohiuensis, S. 
 lioughtonii, and among the running stems of Juniperus sabina, having large 
 ovate obtuse glaucous leaves, often nearly two inches long by over half an 
 inch wide; bearing flowers and fruit on short pedicels, in a leafy terminal 
 simple raceme; berries large, fleshy, yellow or red, instead of the dry hard 
 black nutlets of the common plant. 
 
 It was first thought to be C. livida, but is still undetermined. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 123 
 
 SAURURACE PE. Saururads. 
 
 SAURURUS, L. Lizard’s- tail. 
 
 cernuus, L. Nodding Saururus. 
 
 Swamps and water-sides. Borders of Oneida lake. Knieskern, Gray. Low 
 woods east of Onondaga lake. Swamps southeast of Oswego. Banks of streams 
 between Syracuse and Savannah, Cayuga river marshes. Owasco lake out- 
 let, I. H. Hall. Common along Clyde river. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 CERATOPHYLLACEiE. Hornworts. 
 
 CERATOPHYLLUM, L. Hornwort. 
 
 demersum, L. Submerged Geratophyllum. 
 
 var. echinatum, Gray. Rough Geratophyllum. 
 
 Slow-flowing or still water. Outlet of Canaderaga lake, where it flowers and 
 fruits readily. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 CALLITRICHACEJE. 
 
 Wa ter-starworts. 
 
 CALLITRICHE, L. 
 
 VERNA, L. 
 
 Still water beside streams, ponds. 
 
 W iter-star wort. 
 Vernal Gallitriche. 
 Frequent. 
 
 forma terrestris, Engelmann. Moss Callitriche. 
 
 Muddy banks. Millpond at Cedarville. Uncommon, June -August. 
 
 autumnal is, L. Autumnal Gallitriche. 
 
 River borders. Borders of Canaderaga lake outlet. Alexandria bay, G. W. 
 Clinton. Rare. August. 
 
 PODOSTEMACEiE. River-weeds. 
 
 PODOSTEMON, Michaux. River-weed. 
 
 ceratophyllum, Michx. Horn-leaved Podostemon. 
 
 Stony bottoms of streams. In flowing water, Watertown, Jefferson county, 
 Crawe. Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. Watertown, Crawe in herb. 
 Sartwell Ham. Coll. Rare. July, August. 
 
 EUPHORBIACEiE. 
 
 Spurges. 
 
 EUPHORBIA, L. Spurges. Euphorbia. 
 
 polygon ifo li a, L. Polygonum-leaved Euphorbia. 
 
 Shores. Mouth of Genesee river, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Lake shore 
 at Charlotte, C. M. Booth. Rare. July - September. 
 
 MACULATA, L. 
 
 Roadsides, banks of streams. 
 
 Spotted-leaved Euphorbia. 
 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 HYPERICIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Damp gravelly places, hillsides. 
 
 Hypericum-leaved Euphorbia. 
 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 HELIOSCOPIA, L. Sun-gazing Euphorbia. 
 
 Shores of Onondaga lake; most abundant at its head, Salina. 
 
 Rare. July - October. 
 
 platyphylla, L. Broad-leaved Euphorbia. 
 
 Pastures, roadsides. Winfield, south Herkimer county. Paris hill.. Clark’s 
 mills, towards Pratt’s settlement. Occasional. June - September. 
 
124 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ACALYPHA, L. 
 
 VIRGINICA, L. 
 
 Roadsides, moist grounds. 
 
 URTICACE2E. 
 ULMUS, L. 
 
 Tliree-heeded Mercury. 
 Virginian Acalypha. 
 Common. August - October. 
 
 Nettles . 
 
 Elms. 
 
 Slippery , Red Elm. 
 
 fijlva, Michx. 
 
 Open billy woods along rivulets, and banks of streams. Common along the 
 Mohawk. 
 
 AMERICANA, L. 
 
 Woods, hills and dales. 
 
 Frequent. April. 
 
 White, American Elm. 
 
 Common. April. 
 
 racemosa, Thomas. Gorky , Racemed Elm. 
 
 Brows of ravines, river-banks. Abundant along the Mohawk and its tributa- 
 ries. April. 
 
 CELTIS, Tournefort. Nettletree. Sugarberry. 
 
 occidentals, L. Western Celtis. 
 
 Rocky Avoods and banks. Near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Gorham, Ontario 
 county, Sartwell. 
 
 MORUS, Tournefort. 
 
 RUBRA, L. 
 
 Open woods. Near the Aqueduct, Schenectady, Pearson. Penn-Yan, Yates 
 county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Scarce. May. 
 
 ALBA, L. White Mulberry. 
 
 Woods, and about houses, Knieskern. Frequent in Schenectady county, in 
 thickets along road-fences, and often a tree. Penn-Yan, introduced, Sartwell 
 
 Occasional. May. 
 
 Nettles. 
 Tall , Slender Nettle. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Dioecious Nettle. 
 
 Rare. April, May. 
 
 Mulberries. 
 Red Mulberry. 
 
 in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 TJRTICA, Tournefort. 
 gracilis, Aiton. 
 
 Fences, river-banks. 
 
 JDIOICA, L. 
 
 Waste places. Schenectady, Pearson. Oneida county, Knitskcrn. Gorham, 
 Ontario county, Sartwell. Uncommon. June -August. 
 
 Wood Nettle. 
 Canadian Laportea. 
 Common. July. 
 
 LAPORTEA, Gaudich. 
 canadensis, Gaud. 
 
 Ravines and damp woods. 
 
 PILE A, Lindley. Clearweed. 
 
 pumila, Gray. Low Pilea. 
 
 Shaded springy banks; borders of streams in wooded ravines. 
 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 IKEIIMERIA, Jacquin. False Nettle. 
 
 cylindrica, Willd. CyUndricfruited Boehmeria. 
 
 Swamps and wet open woods. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 PARIETARIA, Tournefort. Pellitory. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Muhl. Pennsylvanian Parietaria. 
 
 Shady hillsides; rocky sides of streams. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sartwell 
 in herb. Ham.. Coll. Rare. May - July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY, 
 
 125 
 
 CANNABIS, Tournefort. 
 
 SAT IV A, L. 
 
 "Waste lots in cities, towns. 
 
 Hemp. 
 
 Cultivated Cannabis. 
 Frequent. June - August. 
 
 HUMULUS, L. 
 
 LUPULUS, L. 
 
 Shaded banks of the Mohawk and Unadilla rivers. 
 
 PLATAXACE.E. 
 
 Hop-vine. 
 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 Sycamores. 
 
 PLATANUS, L. Plane-tree. Button-ball-tree. Buttonwood. 
 
 occidentalis, L. Western- world Platanus. 
 
 Banks of creeks and rivers. Common. May. 
 
 JUGLAXDACE.E. Walnuts. 
 
 JUGLANS, L. 
 
 CINEREA, L. 
 
 Hilly woods; flats of streams. 
 
 nigra, L. Black Walnut. 
 
 Fertile woodlands. Common around Seneca lake, Sartwell. Scarce. May. 
 
 Butternut. Gray Walnut. 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 CARYA, Nut tall. Hickories. 
 
 alba, Nutt. Shag-bark , White Hickory. 
 
 Fertile woodlands and vallies. Abundant in the valley of the Hudson about 
 Albany. Around Otsego lake, Miss S. Cooper. Borders of Canaderaga lake. 
 Valley of the Mohawk throughout, from the Hudson to Oneida lake. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 tomentosa, Nutt. Mocker-nut. Downy Hickory. 
 
 Rich woods. Schenectady county, Pearson. Oneida county 7- , Knieskern. 
 
 Infrequent. May. 
 
 glabra, Torrey. 
 
 Chiefly in meadows, pastures. 
 
 amara, Nutt. 
 
 Low woods, ravine-sides, streams. 
 
 CUPULIFE1LE. 
 QUERCUS, L. 
 
 MACROCARPA, Michx. 
 
 Smooth Hickory. 
 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 Swamp , Bitter Hickory. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 Oaks. 
 
 Over-cup , Large- fruited Oak. 
 Groves, water-sides. Abundant along the borders of Onondaga lake, west 
 side. Scarce. FI. May : Fr. September. 
 
 var. oliv^eformis, Gray. Mossy-cup, Olive-formed Oak. 
 River-banks; of the Hudson above Albany, and in the western part of the 
 State, Michaux. Glenville near Schenectady, Pearson. Dexter, Jefferson 
 county, Vasey. Rare. 
 
 obtusiloba, Michx. Post , Round-lobed Oak. 
 
 Sandy woods. Schenectady, along the College brook; woods beyond the 
 junction of the Central and Saratoga railroads, Pearson. Rare. 
 
 alba, L. White Oak. 
 
 Hilly woods. Frequent. 
 
126 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 PRINUS, L. 
 
 var. discolor, Michx. Two-colored-leaved Oak . 
 
 Low woods. Flats of the Mohawk. "West side of Onondaga lake. Abundant. 
 
 castanea, Willd. Chestnut-leaved Oak. 
 
 Elevated woodlands. Chemung county, KniesJcern, Torrey Fl.N.Y. Rare. 
 
 var. monticola, Michx. Mountain-dwelling Oak. 
 
 Rocky hillsides and hanks. Schenectady county, Pearson,. Highlands of the 
 Mohawk, E. IV. Paige. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. 
 
 PRINOIDES, Willd. 
 
 Pine plains of Schenectady, Pearson. 
 
 ilicifolia, Wangenheim. 
 
 Pine plains of Rome. 
 
 Chinquapin. Prinus-like Oak. 
 
 Scarce. 
 
 Scrub, Ilex-leaved Oak. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 tinctoria, Bartram. Quercitron. Dyeing Oak. 
 
 Fertile woods. Schenectady, Pearson. Otsego county, Miss S. Cooper : H. 
 Lathrop. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. 
 
 coccinea, Wang. 
 
 Hillsides. Schenectady, Pearson. Around Otsego lake, 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarlet Oak. 
 
 Miss S. Cooper. 
 Frequent. 
 
 RUBRA, L. 
 Woods. 
 
 Red Oak. 
 Common. 
 
 PALUSTRIS, Du Roi. 
 
 Borders of swamps, flats of streams. 
 
 Swamp Oak. 
 
 Schenectady, Pearson. Occasional. 
 
 CASTANEA, Tourne/ort. 
 
 YESCA, L. 
 
 Hillsides. 
 
 FAGrUS, Tournefort. 
 
 FERRUGINEA, AitOU. 
 Woods. 
 
 Chestnut. 
 Edible-fruited Chestnut. 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 Beech. 
 
 Rusty-leaved. Fag us. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 CORYLUS, Tournefort. Filberts. Hazelnuts. 
 
 Americana, Walter . American Corylus. 
 
 Low woods, river-banks. Common in the valley of the Mohawk. April. 
 
 rostrata, Aiton. Beaked Corylus. 
 
 Thickets along streams. Schenectady, Montgomery and Otsego counties. 
 Rocky banks of Seneca lake, Vasey. Banks ofOwasco lake outlet, I. H. Hall. 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. April. 
 
 CARPINUS, L. 
 
 AMERICANA, Michx. 
 Ravine-sides. 
 
 Water Beech. 
 American Carpinus. 
 Common. April. 
 
 OSTRYA, Micheli. 
 VIRGINICA, Willd. 
 Moist open woods. 
 
 Hop-hornbeam. Lever-wood. Iron-wood. 
 
 Virginian Ostrya. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
FLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 127 
 
 MYKICACEJE. Sweet-gales. 
 
 MYRICA, L. Sweet-gale. 
 
 gale, L. Helmeted fruited Myrica. 
 
 Cold marshes, near Summit lake, Springfield. Otsego county, where it 
 abounds. Mud lake, south Herkimer county. Common on the margins of 
 streams and lakes in the north woods. April. 
 
 cerifera, L. Bayberry. IV ax-bearing -fruited Myrica. 
 
 Sandy shores. Junius, Sartwell in herb. Hum. Coll. Rochester, C. Dewey. 
 Parma, Monroe county Bradley. Abundant in the swamps of West-Bergen, 
 northeastern Genesee county. Rare. May. 
 
 COMPTOXIA, Solander. Sweet-fern. 
 
 asplenifolia, Aiton. Asple nium-leaved Comptonia. 
 
 Hillsides and sandy plains. Pine woods of Schenectady county, Pearson. 
 Otsego county, Miss £». Cooper. Plains of Rome and Oneida lake. 
 
 Frequent. April, May. 
 
 BETULACE^E. 
 
 Birches. 
 
 BE TULA, Tournefort. 
 
 alba, var. populifolia, Spach. White , Poplar-leaved Birch. 
 
 Barren or sandy soils. Plains and swamps between Albany and Schenectady. 
 Otsego county, Miss S. Cooper. Abundant on the pine plains of Rome. Dry 
 banks of the Black river. Frequent. April. 
 
 papyracea, Aiton. Paper Birch. 
 
 Banks of streams. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Along the Black river 
 below Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Rare. 
 
 NIGRA, L. 
 
 Banks of streams. Deerfield creek. Fish creek. 
 
 Blade Birch. 
 Scarce. 
 
 excelsa, Aiton. 
 Damp woods. 
 
 Yellow , Lofty Birch. 
 
 Common. 
 
 LENTA, L. 
 Ravines. 
 
 Cherry , Pliant Birch. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 ALNUS, Tournefort. Alders. 
 
 inc ana, Willd. Hoary Alder. 
 
 Upland marshes on the hills south of the Mohawk valley. Summit lake, 
 Springfield; where it is very low, only a foot or two high, on the open bog 
 land. Borders of Canaderaga lake and its outlet, Exeter, Otsego county. 
 From Mud lake, to the State marsh, south Herkimer county. 
 
 Infrequent. March, April. 
 
 SERRULATA, Aiton. 
 Streams, swamps. 
 
 Serrulate Alder. 
 Common. 
 
 viridis, DC. Green Alder. 
 
 Northern watercourses. Among the headwaters and on the banks of Mooso 
 river, north Herkimer and Hamilton counties. Rare. 
 
128 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 SALICAC EJE. 
 
 Willows. 
 
 SALIX, Tournefort. Salices. 
 
 Candida, Willd. Hoary Willow. 
 
 Cold swamps. Summit lake borders, Otsego county. Mud lake, State marsh, 
 Hidden lake, Litchfield, south Herkimer county. Junius, Seneca county, 
 Hartwell. West-Bergen, Genesee county. Rare. May. 
 
 tristis, Alton. Mourning Willow. 
 
 Dry open woods. Infrequent. 
 
 humilis, Marshall. Low Willow. 
 
 Borders of thickets and swamps. Pine plains of Rome. Frequent. 
 
 discolor, Muhl. Glaucous , Two-colored Willow. 
 
 Banks of streams. Common. 
 
 sericea, Marshall. Silky-leaved Willow. 
 
 Low grounds, water-sides. Borders of swamp-rivulets near Point of Rock 
 
 pond, and in the northern part of the county. Yates county, Hartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Scarce. 
 
 petiol aris, Smith. Petioled Willow. 
 
 River-banks. Occasional on the low alluvial banks of the Mohawk. Penn- 
 Yan, Hartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. 
 
 cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. 
 
 Low river-banks. Penn-Yan, Hartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent. 
 
 rostrata, Richardson. Long-beaked Willow ' 
 
 Borders of swamps. Steep springy banks of the Oriskany creek. Rome, 
 Knieskern, Torrey FI. N.Y. Infrequent. 
 
 ALBA, L. 
 
 Low grouuds, wet banks. 
 
 White Willow. 
 
 Common. 
 
 FRAGILIH , L. Brittle Willow. 
 
 Water- sides. Starch-factory creek. Headwaters of the Deerfield creek. 
 Banks of the Mohawk and its tributaries. Uncommon. 
 
 nigra, Marshall. Black Willow. 
 
 Banks of creeks, rivers. In force on the alluvial banks of the Mohawk. 
 
 Common. 
 
 LUCIDA, Muhl. 
 
 Low banks. Borders of Hidden lake, Litchfield 
 
 Shining Willow. 
 
 south Herkimer county; 
 
 and all the cold marshes on the hills. Yates county, Hartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Infrequent. 
 
 BABYLONICA, Tourn. Weeping Willow . 
 
 Streets, lawns, graveyards. Frequent. 
 
 longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Willow. 
 
 Sandy banks. Albany, Beck in herb. Genesee falls, Aiken in herb. Hartwell 
 
 Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. 
 
 pedicellaris, Pursh. Pedicel-fruited Willow. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps. In the cold open bogs north of Summit lake, Otsego 
 county. Abundant on the State marsh and around Hidden lake, Litchfield, 
 south Herkimer county. Oriskany swamp formerly, Knieskern. Cold marshes 
 in the northwestern part of the county, and throughout the north woods. 
 Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 129 
 
 POPULUS, Tournefort. Poplars. Aspen. 
 
 tremuloides, Michaux. Tremula-like Populus. 
 
 Sides of hills and ravines. Common. April. 
 
 grandidentata, Michx. Large-toothed-leaved Populus. 
 
 Woods and river-banks. Most frequent on sandy soils. Abundant. 
 
 monilifera, Aiton. Cottomcood. Necklace-bear in g Populus. 
 
 Water-sides. Western part of the State, particularly near Oneida lake and 
 along the Genesee river. Torrey FI. N.Y. Pillar point near Dexter, Jefferson 
 county, Vasey. Near Rochester, C. M. Booth. Rare. 
 
 balsamifera, L. Balsam-bearing Populus. 
 
 Water- courses, swamps. Near Oriskany, Knieskern. Scarce. 
 
 var. candicans, Gray. While-leaved Populus. 
 
 Streets and near dwellings; a common shade tree. 
 
 nigra, Michx. Black Populus. 
 
 Banks. Oriskany creek, and near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Rare. 
 
 DILATATA, Aiton. Lombardy Poplar. D ilated-leaved Populus. 
 
 Roadsides; near old farm-houses. Infrequent. 
 
 ALBA, L. White Populus. 
 
 Occasional as a shade tree; extending by root, to fences and roadsides 
 
 Frequently. 
 
 2. GYMXOSPERMiE. 
 
 Gymnosperms. 
 
 COXIFEILE. 
 
 PINUS, Tournefort. 
 resinosa, Aiton. 
 
 Conifers. 
 
 Pines. 
 
 Bed , Resinous Pine. 
 
 Hills. Helderberg mountains three miles south of Knowerville, Pearson. 
 Pine plains of Rome, Vasey. Yates county. Hartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 May. Rare. 
 
 rigida, Miller. Pitch , Rigid Pine. 
 
 Sandy plains. Schenectady. Rome. Common. May. 
 
 strobus, L. White Pine. From an ancient Fir. 
 
 Cold woods. Swamps on the flats of the Mohawk. Frequent in Schenectady. 
 Montgomery and Otsego counties. Lingering still in marshes on the hills : 
 formerly abounding throughout this region. Not yet exhausted in the swamps 
 of Rome and Oneida lake. Common in the forests of the north woods. May. 
 
 ABIES, Tournefort. 
 
 balsamea, Marshall. 
 
 Spruces. 
 Balsam-yielding Fir. 
 Cold sw r amps. Occasional in upland marshes, south of the Mohawk valley, 
 from Summit lake and the outlet of Canaderaga lake, Otsego county, through 
 the swamps near Jordanville, to the State marsh and Graefenberg swamp, 
 south Herkimer county. Between Oriskany and Rome. Abundant in the 
 northern part of the county; and common along streams and shores in the 
 north woods, often nearly covered with long gray lichens. June. 
 
 CANADENSIS, Michx. 
 Dry woods. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 Hemlock. 
 Common. May. 
 
 9 
 
130 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 nigra, Poiret. Black Spruce. 
 
 Deep woods on the hills: on the level borders of sphagnum ponds. Frequent 
 along Fish creek, above the clitfs. Common in the northern forests. 
 
 The low dwarf form, in bogs and holes, is called by lumbermen Bastard 
 Spruce. This and the Tamarack are the first trees that take root in shaking 
 moss, either as it extends into the water of ponds, or after it has completed 
 the covering. They are closely followed and displaced by Arbor vitce ; which 
 at length develop the deep black soil-bottoms of cedar swamps. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 alba, Michx. White Spruce. 
 
 Open upland woods. Frankfort hill. Northern wilderness. May. 
 
 LARIX, Tournefort. Larch. Tamarack. 
 
 Americana, Michx. American Larix. 
 
 Borders of swamps and marshes. Throughout the valley of the Mohawk, but 
 more abundant along the south range of hills, around the jionds and lakes, 
 or occasionally alone covering tracts of low land. Also from the northern 
 part of the county, northward. Abundant. May. 
 
 THUJA, Tournefort. Arbor-vitce. 
 
 Occident alis, L. American , Western Thuja. 
 
 Cold swamps. From northern Otsego county, Summit lake; southern Her- 
 kimer county, Mud lake, Cedarville, Hidden lake, Cedar lake; Oneida coun- 
 ty, throughout the valley of the Mohawk; Madison and Onondaga counties; 
 northward. Common. April. 
 
 JUNIPERUS, L. Junipers. 
 
 communis, L. Common Juniper. 
 
 Sandy woods, barren banks. North side of the Mohawk valley, from Sche- 
 nectady to Littlefalls. Sides of the Black river below Watertown. Frequent 
 in the north woods. Scarce. May. 
 
 virgtniana, L. Red Cedar. 
 
 Rocky woods, dry sidehills. Abundant in the valley of the Mohawk, through 
 Schenectady and Montgomery counties. Seneca lake, Gray. Greece, Monroe 
 county, Bradley. Frequent. April. 
 
 sabina, L. European Savin. 
 
 var. prostrata. Low Savin. Prostrate Juniperus. 
 
 Swamps and shores. Borders of cold ponds in the north woods. Chemung 
 county, Knieskern in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Banks of the Genesee river, 
 Greece, Bradley. Abundant in the Bergen swamp, Genesee county; often 
 covering the ground, and running to great length. 
 
 Leavds four-ranked, oval, acute; at the end of the stem, opposite, cuspi- 
 date ; sterile flowers in erect ovoid catkins, borne on the ends of little 
 branches : fertile catkins of several scales becoming fleshy and uniting in a 
 berry, glaucous at first, blue-black when ripe, two- to four-seeded, borne on 
 short recurved pedicels, which is the determining characteristic of the species. 
 
 In open places, stems run several feet, rooting as they go : branches 
 curving upwards three to eight inches; but where the plants are crowded in 
 patches, they rise twelve to eighteen inches. Rare. May. 
 
 TAXUS, Tournefort. Yew. 
 
 baccata, L., var. canadensis, Gray. American Taxus. 
 
 Moist banks of woods and ravines, in deep evergreen shade. Common. 
 
 Sometimes erect, with a tree-like stem arid spreading branches, five or six 
 feet in height ; borders of the Paris hill swamp. April. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 131 
 
 II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
 
 Monocotyledons . 
 
 ARACEJE. 
 
 Arums. 
 
 ARISiEMA, Martins. 
 triphyllum, Torrey. 
 
 Ravine-sides, moist woods. 
 
 DRACONTIUM, Schott. 
 
 Damp thickets on the flats of the Mohawk. 
 
 Indian Turnip. 
 Three-leaved Ariscema. 
 Common. May. 
 
 Dragon Ariscema. 
 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 PELTANDRA, Rafinesque. 
 virginica, Raf. 
 
 Swamps, sides of streams. 
 
 Arrow-leaved Arum. 
 Virginian Peltandra. 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 CALLA, L. 
 
 PALUSTRIS, L. 
 
 Wild Calla. 
 Marsh Calla. 
 
 Bogs, streams ponds. Frequent. Common on Graefenberg hill. 
 
 Often with two, and sometimes three spathes surrounding one spadix. 
 
 May - August. 
 
 SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisbury. 
 fcetidus, Salisb. 
 
 Low meadows, swamps. 
 
 Skunk Cabbage. 
 Fetid Symplocarpus. 
 Common. March, April. 
 
 ORONTIUM, L. Golden-club. 
 
 AQUATicuM, L. Floating Orontium. 
 
 Borders of a pond in Gilbertsville, Otsego county, H. Lathrop in herb. The 
 specimen of this plant is clear, and that it was gathered within the limits of 
 a botanical walk from this place is certain. The station, however, is wonder- 
 fully inland for a plant usually found around ponds near the coast and in 
 river-marshes of tide-water, being nearly four hundred miles up the Susque- 
 hanna valley. Rare. May. 
 
 ACORUS, L. 
 
 CALAMUS, L. 
 
 Rivulet-marshes. 
 
 Sweet-flag. 
 Reed Calamus. 
 Common. June. 
 
 TYPHACEiE. 
 
 TYPHA, Tournefort. 
 
 LATIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 ANGUSTIFOLIA, L. 
 
 Common around Onondaga lake 
 
 Typhads. 
 
 Cat-tails. 
 Wide-leaved Typha. 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 Narrow-leaved Typha. 
 
 west of Syracuse. June. 
 
 SPARGANIUM, Tournefort. Bur-reeds. Spargania. 
 
 eurycarpum, Engelmann. Broad-fruited Sparganium. 
 
 Lake and river borders. Abundant along the outlet of Canadcraga lake, 
 Exeter, Otsego county. Probably not uncommon on the flats of the Mohawk. 
 
 Its habit alone would distinguish this species, the plant being as large 
 again in all its parts as the following. August, September. 
 
 ramosum, Hudson. Branched-headed Sparganium. 
 
 Marshes along streams. Common. July, August. 
 
132 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 simplex, Hudson Single-headed Sparganium 
 
 Margins of ponds, lakes. Frequent. July. 
 
 natans, L. Floating Sparganium. 
 
 Slow-flowing brooks. On the flats of the Mohawk, a mile or two below Utica. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 ANGUSTiFOLiUM, Michx. Narrow-leaved Sparganium. 
 
 Margins of cold springs and high ponds in the northern part of Herkimer 
 county. Rare. July. 
 
 LEMNACEiE. 
 
 Duckmeats. 
 
 LEMNA, L. 
 
 trisulca, L. Ivy-leaved , Three-parted Lemna. 
 
 Still water. Pond on the flats below Utica. Alexandria bay. Gates. Monroe 
 county, found in flower by C. M . Booth. Uncommon. June. 
 
 MINOR, L. 
 
 Stagnant water. 
 
 POLYRRHIZA, L. 
 Ponds. 
 
 Little Lemna . 
 Common. 
 
 Many-rooted Lemna. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 gibba, L. Convex-leaved Lemna. 
 
 Ditches and stagnant waters; observed in flower, near Liverpool in the wes- 
 tern part of New- York State, Pursh. Onondaga lake. Rare. 
 
 NAJADACE2E. JVajads. 
 
 NAJAS, L. 
 
 major, Allioni. Greater Najas. 
 
 Borders of Onondaga lake. Discovered by G. W. Clinton, in October 1864, 
 growing in a stream emptying into the lake near Liverpool. 
 
 It abounds, however, in the lake, in water ten to twenty -five feet deep; 
 most luxuriantly along the edge of a sudden descent of the bottom, at a 
 distance from shore. When the water is clear and still, the plants can be seen 
 growing on the bottom, branching in all directions from the root. But the 
 best specimens come from the deepest water, out of sight; some clusters of 
 which are three feet in length, and these only fragments broken off by storms. 
 
 At least three forms occur. The common one is entirely unarmed, without 
 spines either on stems or leaves; perhaps the var. august if olia. Braun, ob- 
 served by Chamisso at Oahu, Sandwich Islands. 
 
 Another corresponds with the normal form described by Prof. Alexander 
 Braun : Stem sparingly beset with spines (10-40 in each internode) ; leaves 
 broad-linear, each edge of the blade with 4-8 teeth, which are patent and 
 not quite so long as the leaf is broad, the leaf at the back furnished with 
 1-4 spines; sheath of leaf with rounded lateral edges, and without teeth; 
 fruit 5-8 millimetres long. — Florida, Cabanis. 
 
 A small form occasionally appears, about half the size of the first in all 
 the parts and fruit. 
 
 The above habitats, with our own, are the only stations of this plant known 
 on the American continents : it is widely distributed over the Old world. 
 
 Local. August - November. 
 
 flexilis, Rostkov fy Schmidt. Bending Najas. 
 
 Lakes, rivers. Outlet of Canaderaga lake, Otsego county. Lake Ontario. 
 Cape Vincent, head of the St. Lawrence, Bradley. Abundant in the river 
 south of Oswego. Crooked lake, tSartwell. Infrequent. July - September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 133 
 
 ZANNICHELLIA. Mickeli. Horned Pondweed. 
 
 palustris, L. Marsh Zannichellia. 
 
 Rivulets, marshy shores. Salina and Onondaga lake. Near Penn-Yan, 
 Sartwell. Rare. August - October. 
 
 RUPPIA, L. Tassel Pondweed . 
 
 maritima, L. Seaside Ruppia. 
 
 Borders of Onondaga lake along the east side. It is fruitful in shallow water, 
 two to live feet in depth. 
 
 In deep water, in company with Najas 'major, a very large form grows, 
 many feet in length, bearing wide leaves, but iiowerless and fruitless. 
 
 This plant and its companion are new to the interior, having been known 
 hitherto as exclusivelj T maritime. Their presence here is proof, first, that the 
 sea originally came up to or covered the place; and second, that these plants 
 were flourishing at that time. July - November. 
 
 POTAMOGETON, Tournefort. Pondweeds. 
 
 pectinatus, L. Pectinate-leaved Potamogeton. 
 
 Rivers and lakes. Albany, Beck. Schenectady. Pearson. Near Watertown, 
 Gray , Torrey Fl.N .Y. Pools along Oriskany creek. Abundant in Onondaga 
 lake. Crooked lake, Sartwell. Rare. 
 
 robbinsii, Oakes. Discovered by Robbins. 
 
 Ponds. At the head of Onondaga lake, in the inlet of the creek. Rare. 
 
 PUSILLUS, L. Small Potamogeton. 
 
 Borders of lakes, standing waters. East Dry-lot pond, south Herkimer 
 county. Crooked lake, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. 
 
 pauc if lores, Pursh. Few-flowered Potamogeton. 
 
 Standing water along streams; canals. Common. 
 
 compresses, L. Flat-stemmed Potamogeton. 
 
 Slow waters. Outlet of Canaderaga lake, Otsego county, where it abounds. 
 Sander’s lake and the Mohawk, Pearson. River St. Lawrence at Alexandria 
 bay. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. 
 
 PERFOLIATUS, L. 
 Canals, ponds. 
 
 Perfoliate Potamogeton. 
 
 Common. 
 
 PRA3LONGUS, Wulfen. Long-peduncled Potamogeton. 
 
 Still deep water. Alexandria bay, Jefferson county, at the mouth of the 
 creek : peduncles eighteen inches in length. Scarce. 
 
 LUCENS, L. 
 
 Bottoms of ponds in shallow water. 
 
 var. fluitans, Gray. 
 Ponds in deep water. 
 
 NATANS, L. 
 
 Lakes, rivers. 
 
 HETEROPHYLLUS, Schreb. 
 
 Shallow ponds and borders of lakes. 
 
 Shining-leaved Potamogeton. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 Floating Potamogeton. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 Swimming Potamogeton. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Various-leaved Potamogeton. 
 Head of Seneca lake, Gray. Common. 
 
 ALISMACEiE. 
 
 Water-plcintains. 
 
 TRIGLOCHIN, L. Arrow- grasses. 
 
 palustre, L. Marsh Triglochin. 
 
 Boggy borders of Onondaga lake; at Salina, and northward beyond Liver- 
 pool. Abundant in water-covered places of moss or marl, in the West Ber- 
 gen swamp, Genesee county. Rare. June - August. 
 
134 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 maritimum, L. Seaside Triglochin. 
 
 Banks round Onondaga lake, most abundant on the south and east sides. 
 Bogs in the swamp of West-Bergen. Rare. July - September. 
 
 elatum, Nutt all. Tall Triglochin. 
 
 Cold high marshes among the hill-tops of the range south of the Mohawk 
 valley. Most abundant at Mud lake, in the tamarack swamps' near Jordan- 
 ville, on the State marsh and Hidden lake, south Herkimer county. 
 
 More lofty than the largest of the preceding species, sometimes nearly four 
 feet in height. Rare. June - September. 
 
 SCHEUCHZERIA, L. Scheuchzeria. 
 
 palustris, L. Marsh Scheuchztria. 
 
 Moss swamps. Summit lake. Mud lake. Hidden lake. Wetmore’s pond, 
 Frankfort hill. Bog near Oriskany. Abundant in the swamps of Rome. 
 Common in the marshes of the northern part of the county, Point of Rock 
 lake, North pond, and the north woods. May. 
 
 ALISMA, L. 
 
 plantago, L., var. americanum, Gray. 
 Ditches, bogs. 
 
 Water Plantain „ 
 American Alisma. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 SAGITTARIA, L. Arrowheads. 
 
 YARiABiLis, Engelmann. Variable-leaved Sagittaria. 
 
 Low grounds, water-sides : with manifold variations. 
 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 heterophylla, Pursh. Differing -leaved Sagittaria. 
 
 Muddy banks. Frequent. 
 
 graminea, Michaux. Grass-leaved Sagittaria. 
 
 Shores of streams, ponds. Banks of Oriskany creek. Borders of Oneida lake, 
 Knieskern. Abundant along the outlet of the Eight lakes, north Herkimer 
 county; and on Fourth lake it grows deeply submerged, in patches over the 
 sandy bottom, having only short triangular leaves. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 HYDEOCHAKIDACE^E. 
 
 LIMNOBIUM, Richard. 
 spongia, Richard. 
 
 Floating in a part of Braddock’s 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 ANACHARIS, Richard. 
 canadensis, Planchon. 
 
 Still water; brooks, rivers, lakes 
 outlet. Throughout the Mohawk, 
 and the St. Lawrence river, flowei 
 dria bay. 
 
 Frogbits. 
 
 American Frog's-bit. 
 Spongy -leaved Limnobium. 
 
 y, Greece, Bradley. Braddock’s bay, 
 Local. August. 
 
 Water-moss . 
 Canadian Anacharis. 
 >. Otsego lake. Canaderaga lake and its 
 in side- waters of the stream. Lake Ontario 
 ;ing abundantly and beautifully at Alexan- 
 Common. August. 
 
 VALLlSNEI!Ix\, Micheli. Tape-grass. 
 
 spiralis, L. Spiral-scaped Vallisneria. 
 
 Rivers and slow streams. Abundant in the Mohawk river. Outlet of Canade- 
 raga lake. Occasional in the Chenango canal. Outlet of Crooked lake, Sart- 
 well. Uncommon. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 135 
 
 ORCHIDACEJE. 
 ORCHIS, L. 
 
 SPECTABILIS, L. 
 
 Damp rich woods. 
 
 GYMNADENIA, R. Brown. 
 tridentata, Lindley. 
 Shady swamps. 
 
 Orchids. 
 
 Shoivy Orchis. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 Three-toothed-lipped Gymnadenia. 
 
 Abundant. July. 
 
 PLATANTHERA, Richard. 
 
 obtusata, Lindl. Obtuse-leaved Platanthera. 
 
 Mossy springy banks in the north woods, between Third lake and Bald rock, 
 Herkimer county. Rare. July. 
 
 rotundifolia, Bindley. Round-leaved Platanthera. 
 
 var. oblongifolia. Oblong-leaved Platarithera. 
 
 Upland, open, sphagnous level at the head of Mud lake, south Herkimer 
 county; under scattered tamaracks and arbor vitae, either among clusters 
 of the young evergreens or in shade of their north side, in cold damp moss: 
 accompanied by Calypso borealis , Cypripedium arietinum, Eriophorum al- 
 pinurn. To be looked for on the extensive tamarack swamps south of Jordan- 
 ville. 
 
 Roots three or four long toothed tubers : scape six to twelve inches high : 
 leaf resting on the moss or settled in it, white cellular beneath as those of 
 P. orbiculata , about ten-nerved, long elliptical or oblong, two inches broad 
 by four to six in length; radical scapeless leaves still narrower, less than 
 half as wide : spikes six- to twelve -flowered, bracts nearly as long as the 
 ovaries : flowers large, lateral sepals spreading nearly three-fourths of an 
 inch : spur shorter than the lip, slender, lying close to the capsule : lip half 
 an inch long, sometimes oblong or rectangular and entire, with a wavy border, 
 but usually more or less parted into lateral lobes and notched at the end, 
 white with eight or ten purple spots : petals narrow, converging over the 
 column, deep purple: lower sepals long ovate, white; upper one broad ovate, 
 either curving over the petals or sometimes reflexed, veined and tinged with 
 purple. A plant as beautiful as it is rare. 
 
 It has been found before only in Newfoundland, Isle of Anticosti at the 
 mouth of the St. Lawrence, along the northeastern boundaries of Maine, and 
 in the northern Rocky mountains; so that its presence south of latitude 43° 
 is most remarkable. Local. June, July. 
 
 orbiculata, Lindley. Orbicular -leaved Platanthera. 
 
 Deep damp woods. Throughout the valley of the Mohawk. About Otsego 
 lake, Miss S. Cooper : B. D. Gilbert. Most frequent on Frankfort hill, and 
 among the headwaters of the Deerfield creek. Oriskany valley; Oriskany, 
 Manchester, Clinton and College hill. Abundant in the north woods. Wide- 
 ly scattered, but scarce. July. 
 
 hookeri, Lindl. Dedicated to William J. Hooker. 
 
 Dry woods. Littlefalls, bushy cleared land on the summit of Fall hill, south 
 of the Mohawk. Dense woods along hillsides east of Utica and Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Sandy evergreen -wooded ridges southwest of Whitesboro. Pine 
 barrens along Wood creek, near New-London : abundant in Jefferson county, 
 Gray. Scarce. 
 
 var. oblongifolia. Oblong-leaved Hooker's Platanthera. 
 
 Steep banks of Fall hill at Littlefalls, between the tops of the cliffs and the 
 brow of the high land. 
 
 Leaves four to six inches in length by two wide, narrowing toward the base 
 into a clasping sheath, as in the var. of P. rotundifolia , . Local. June. 
 
136 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 bracteata, Torrey. Long-hracted Platanlhera. 
 
 Damp or wet woods. Along the Rolleboom of the Rotterdam hills, Schenec- 
 
 tady county. Fairfield. Herkimer county, Gray in Rare plants of Northern 
 N.Y. Frankfort hill. Not rare in southern Oneida county, Sangerfield; and 
 Madison county, Brookfield, Gray. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Infrequent. June. 
 
 hyperborea, Lindl. • Northern Platanthera. 
 
 Shady swamps. Common. July. 
 
 dilatata, Lindl. Bilated-lipped Platanthera. 
 
 Cold marshes. Summit lake, Otsego county. Common at Mud lake, in the 
 Jordanville swamps, on Hidden lake and the State marsh, south Herkimer 
 county. Wet hanks of Fish creek. Level borders of Point of Rock lake; and 
 in all the sphagnum bogs of the northern part of the county. Throughout the 
 north woods and the northern portion of the State. 
 
 Abundant. June ^August. 
 
 flaya, Gray. 
 
 Wet woods, borders of swamps. 
 
 ciliaris, Lindl. 
 
 Open swamps. West of Albany 
 
 Yellow Platanthera. 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 Cilia! e-lipped Platanthera. 
 Pine plains of Schenectady 
 
 Beck bot. 
 
 Pearson. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Greece and 
 Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 bleph ariglottis, Lindl. Lash-lipped Platanthera. 
 
 Sphagnous swamps. Frankfort hill, around Wetmore’s pond. South Trenton. 
 Borders of Point of Rock lake. Two and three feet high. Rare. 
 
 var. holopetala, Gray. Entire-pet aled Platanthera. 
 
 Open moss bogs of the north woods, a foot or less in height : frequent there, 
 but not observed south of North pond, Boonville. July. 
 
 lacera, Gray. 
 
 Wet meadows, streams, swamps. 
 
 Ragged Platanthera. 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 psycodes, Gray. Butterjly-like-lipped Platanthera. 
 
 Swampy woods, and meadows. Common. July, August. 
 
 fimbriata, Lindl. Soldier' s-plume. F ringed-lipped Platanthera. 
 
 Cold swamps. Delaware county, B. D. Gilbert. Otsego county, Miss S. 
 Cooper. Marshes of northern Herkimer county, W.Calverly. Shady swamp 
 west of Fort Bull, Rome. 
 
 In all respects, of character, size and time of flowering, the same as the 
 eastern form. Rare. June. 
 
 GOODYERA, R. Brown. Rattlesnake Plantains. 
 
 repens, R. Br. Creeping Goody era. 
 
 Dry ridges of ravines and their mossy sides, in the shade of hemlocks. Deer- 
 field creek. Starch-factory creek. Cascade glen. South side of Point of Rock 
 lake. 
 
 Rarely it is found in Cedar swamps, from Mud lake, where it grows side 
 by side with Calypso borealis, through similar localities on both the hills and 
 flats of the Mohawk, to the cold boggy woods of Rome. Common in southern 
 Oneida county. Gray. 
 
 The same in size and character with the White mountain plant. 
 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 pubescens, R. Br. Puhescent-spiked Goody era. 
 
 Damp shaded hillsides. Schenectady county, Pearson. Otsego county. B. D. 
 Gilbert. Schuyler hill, above Frankfort station. Banks of Oriskany creek, 
 Pleasant valley. Abundant. July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 137 
 
 SPIRANTPIES, Richard. Ladies’ -tresses. 
 
 gracilis, Bigelow. Slender Spiranthes. 
 
 Hillsides, dry open woods. Sides of the Mohawk valley from Schenectady 
 to Littlefalls. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Around Oneida lake, Gray. 
 Banks of the hill near the old fort, Oswego. Oak openings, Greece, Monroe 
 county, Bradley. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 latifolia, Torrey. B road- leaved^ Spiranthes. 
 
 Springy, grassy banks. Banks of TYest-Canada creek, Fairtield, Herkimer 
 county” Gray. Oriskany, at the head of the raceway, along the sidehill. 
 Opposite the village, on the north side of the Mohawk, scattered over the 
 wet slope. Springy banks at the headwaters of Frankfort creek, between 
 Wetmore’s and Jerusalem hill. Rocky island in Black river, Rutland, Jef- 
 ferson county, J. G. Crocker. Rare. June. 
 
 cernua, Richard. 
 
 Marshes and wet meadows. 
 
 Nodding Spiranthes . 
 Abundant. August, September. a 
 
 LISTERA, R. Brown. Twayhlade. 
 
 cordata, R. Br. Heart-leaved Lister a. 
 
 Swamps, in wet moss and deep shade. Mud and Hidden lakes, south Her- 
 kimer county. Cedar swamps on the flats of the Mohawk, and the pine 
 swamps beyond Rome. Paris hill swamp. Southern part of the county, Gray. 
 
 Abundant. May, June. 
 
 ARETHUSA, Gronovius. Arethusa. 
 
 bulbosa, L. Bulbous Arethusa. 
 
 Sphagnum marshes. Major Van Voost’s fly, Schenectady, Pearson. For- 
 merly on the flats of the Mohawk below Utica, and in the Oriskany swamp, 
 Gray. In tne extensive moss marsh beyond Fort Bull, and doubtless occa- 
 sional throughout the swamps of Rome. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Borders of the West-Bergen swamp. Rare. May. 
 
 POGrONIA, Jussieu. 
 
 ophioglossoides, Nuttall. 
 
 Pogonias. 
 Ophioglossum-like Pogonia. 
 
 Swamps of sphagnum. Common. 
 
 A monstrosity of this plant has been gathered on Hidden lake, south 
 Herkimer county. Several flowers were found, all having many petals nearly 
 white, around three lips also white veined with purple, except their centers, 
 which were covered with a heavy deep green beard. 
 
 The peculiarities of these flowers are that they have three labella, and that 
 the column is resolved into small petaloid organs. The blossom is normal as 
 to the proper perianth, except that the labellum is unusually papillose, 
 bearded almost to the base. The points of interest are, first, that the two 
 accessory labella are just in the position of the two suppressed stamens of 
 the outer series viz. of A 2 and A 3 , as represented in the diagram (Darwin, 
 Fertilization of Orchids, p. 292); and there is a small petaloid body on the 
 other side of the flower, answering to the other stamen A 1 . Secondly, in one 
 of the blossoms, and less distinctly in another, two lateral stamens of the 
 inner series, a 1 and a 2 , are represented each by a slender naked filament. 
 There are remaining petaloid bodies enough to answer for the third stamen 
 of the inner series and for the stigmas, Gray in Linn. Soc. Jour. Also Sill. 
 Jour. 
 
 Thus these developments, in some measure, reveal the complete or regular 
 orchid structure. June, July. 
 
 PENDULA, Lindl. 
 
 Damp woods in rich mould. 
 
 Pendulous -flowered Pogonia. 
 Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Eaton. Ma- 
 
 dison county, on the hill south of Leland’s upper pond, Bradley. Sheldrake 
 point, Cayuga lake, Gray. Gorham, Ontario county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Geneva, J. Smith fide Carey in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Parma, Mon- 
 roe county, Bradley. Rare. August. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 9* 
 
138 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 VERTiciLLATA, Nutt. Whorled-leaved Pogonia. 
 
 Shady swamps. Schenectady, in the pine plains, Pearson. Oriskany swamp, 
 Vasey. Mossy bogs on the plains of Rome, along the Watertown railroad. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 CALOPOGON, R. Broivn. Calopogon. 
 
 pulchellus, R. Br. Elegant Calopogon. 
 
 Sphagnous marshes. Common. 
 
 White flowers occur in the swamp of West-Bergen, Genesee county. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 CALYPSO, Salisbury. Calypso. 
 
 borealis, Salisb. Northern Calypso. 
 
 Rich black soil on elevations in the arbor -vitae swamp of Mud lake, south 
 Herkimer county : probably the southern limit of the plant. 
 
 From a swamp a mile or two north of Lowville, Lewis county, gathered 
 by a party of students, F. B. Hough. In evergreen woods along the north 
 side of Black river below Brownville. Vasey. In both these localities plants 
 were gathered many years ago, but have not been detected since, in either 
 place, by most diligent search. 
 
 Hemlock woods bordering the extensive swamp in West-Bergen, Genesee 
 county, C. M. Booth. Rare. May, June. 
 
 TIPULARIA, Nutt all. Cranefly Orchis. 
 
 discolor, Nutt. Two-colored Tipularia. 
 
 Open woods on the Ridge-side, Parma, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 MICROSTYLIS, Nutt all. Adder' s-mouth. 
 
 monophyllos, Bindley. Single-leaved Microstylis. 
 
 Shady bogs. Tamarack swamps between Jordanville and Page’s corners, 
 south Herkimer county. Bridgewater. Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. 
 Between Clark’s mills and New-York mills. Cedar swamp near the Chenango 
 canal, three miles southwest of Utica. Shady borders of Hidden lake. Litch- 
 field. Borders of West-Bergen swamp. Rare. July. 
 
 LIPARIS, Richard. Twablade. 
 
 liliifolia, Richard. Lily-leaved Liparis. 
 
 Rich woods, banks of streams in shade. Rotterdam, Schenectady county, 
 Pearson. Verona, Knieskern. Deep woods southeast of Clark’s mills. Ovid, 
 Seneca county, Brewer et C bickering in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. June. 
 
 lceselii, Richard. In honor of John L(esel. 
 
 Water-sides, marshes. Borders of Mud lake; on the swamps near Jordan- 
 ville; abundant in the shady borders and on the open marsh of Hidden lake; 
 and wet banks of Cedar lake, south Herkimer county. Northwestern part of 
 county, about Oneida lake, Gray. Rivulet-sides on the borders of the swamp 
 in West-Bergen, Genesee county. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 CORALLORHIZA, Haller. Coral-roots. 
 
 innata, R. Br. Spurless Corallorhiza. 
 
 Wet moss in deep swamps, rarely in moist woods. Trenton falls. Cedar 
 swamps on the flats of the Mohawk between Utica and Frankfort. Marsh 
 on Starch -factory creek east of Utica. Swamps west of Whitesboro. Paris 
 hill. Hidden lake borders. Tamarack marshes of Jordanville. Mud-lake 
 moss swamp. Frequent. May, June. 
 
 multiflora, Nutt. Many-jlowered Corallorhiza. 
 
 Dry woods. Abundant. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 139 
 
 odontorhiza, Nutt. Tooth-rooted Corallorhiza. 
 
 Deep rich woods. Otsego county, B. D. Gilbert. Ravine bottoms among the 
 head streams of Deerfield creek. Infrequent. July. 
 
 APLECTRUM, Nuttall. 
 
 HYEMALE, Nutt. 
 
 Damp woods in deep soil 
 
 Adam- and- Eve. 
 Winter -lasting Aplectrum. 
 College hill, Clinton. Foster’s grove, New-Hart- 
 ford. Woods on the Chenango canal, three miles southwest of Utica. Ori- 
 skany, Knieskern. Auburn, Cayuga county, I. H. Hall. Rochester, C. Dewey. 
 
 Scarce. May. 
 
 CYPRIPEDIUM, L. Lady's-slippers. Cypripedia . 
 
 pubescens, Willd. Downy Cypripedium. 
 
 Rich oak woodlands; cedar and black ash swamps. • Common. May. 
 
 PARViflorum, Salisb. Small-flowered Cypripedium. 
 
 Deep damp woods. Low woods on the flats of Oriskany creek, between 
 Clinton and Manchester. Mohawk flats above Frankfort. Cedar swamp 
 between Day’s corners and Cedar lake, Litchfield; also the State marsh, 
 Jerusalem. Herkimer county. Infrequent. May. 
 
 On the Rolle-boom of the Rotterdam hills, Schenectady county, a speci- 
 men has been gathered, having all parts of the flower single, except the lip, 
 which is double. The two sacs are perfect, equal in form and of the usual 
 size, with complete orifices; distinct above, the two inside margins keeping 
 separate to the very point of attachment, the point of the sterile anther lying 
 between them; but below, they adhere about one-third their length. Lower 
 sepal entire. June. 
 
 candidum, Muhl. White-flowered Cypripedium. 
 
 Damp borders of streams and swamps. 
 
 Near Cooperstown, Otsego county, Horace Lathrop. The specimen in the 
 possession of Dr. Lathrop, gathered a few years ago, certainly has the form 
 of this species; and he affirms that when growing, the flower was pure white. 
 
 And that its range commences in this part of the State, is not improbable. 
 It ought to be looked for through the northern valley of the Susquehanna, 
 and on the high marshes of its headwaters in south Herkimer county. The 
 tamarack swamps south of Jordanville are almost identical in character with 
 its habitat in the western part of the State, and contain many plants its 
 companions there, including Parnassia carolinxana and Valeriana sylvutica. 
 
 On the open marsh of the Bergen swamp, Genesee county, but more abun- 
 dant along the edges of low woods bordering; where it was first found by 
 C. M. Booth and G. T. Fish. Rare. May. 
 
 spectabile, Swartz. Showy Cypripedium. 
 
 Cold swamps. Summit lake in the cedar woods at its head, Otsego county. 
 Abundant in the marshes of Mud lake, Jordanville, Hidden lake, the State 
 marsh, and cedar swamps on the flats of the Mohawk below Utica, south 
 Herkimer county. Trenton falls, on the springy bank opposite the High falls; 
 and in swamps on the road to Utica. Between Oriskany and Rome. Swamp 
 on Paris hill. 
 
 In the last locality, and at Mud lake, the flowers are pure white frequently. 
 
 Infrequent. July. 
 
 acatjle, Aiton. Stemless Cypripedium. 
 
 Sandy woods and swamps. Throughout Schenectady, Montgomery and Ot- 
 sego counties. Tamarack marshes between Page’s corners and Jordanville : 
 Frankfort hill, south Herkimei county. Paris hill swamp. Common on the 
 plains of Rome and Oneida lake. Above the cliffs along Fish creek. Sandy 
 woods in South-Trenton, and in the groves of Trenton falls. Abundant in 
 the northern part of the county, Lewis county, and the north woods. 
 
 Frequent. 
 
 Flowers white, near Cooperstown, Otsego county, Mrs. J. Shaw. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
140 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 ARIEtinum, R. Br. Ram's-head Cypripedium. 
 
 Cold swamps, in moss and deep black soil. Summit lake, Otsego county, in 
 the half-open sphagnum bog-land adjoining, within clumps of low tamaracks 
 and arbor vitae, or in their shade. In similar stations at Mud lake; but most 
 abundant on the tamarack marshes near Jordanville, on the road to Richfield 
 springs, Herkimer county. Usually growing singly or two or three together, 
 but often in clusters of ten to twenty stems. Stems compressed, enclosed by 
 three sheaths at base, clothed with minute down, knotted at the bases of 
 leaves, twisted so that the leaves appear on all sides and not in opposite 
 ranks as in other species. Leaves three to six, ciliate, smooth above and 
 silvery-cellular beneath. Flower-bract large, ovate, leaf-like. 
 
 This species, which has proved to be so rare and transitory, in these 
 stations appears both plenty and permanent. This is the more remarkable, 
 because occurring so far south; the plant being a northern one, and this 
 habitat one of its limits southward. 
 
 Formerly, it has been found along the Rolle-boom near the Platte-kill, 
 Schenectady county, by Pearson ; and near Oneida lake, by Gray ; but the 
 plants have disappeared, or the stations are lost. Rare. May. 
 
 AMARYLLIDACEiE. 
 HYPOXYS, L. 
 
 ERECTA, L. 
 
 Borders of woods, damp grass lands. 
 
 Amaryllids. 
 Star-grass. 
 Upright Hypoxys. 
 Frequent. May- July. 
 
 IRIDACEiE. 
 
 IRIS, L. 
 
 VERSICOLOR, L. 
 
 Bogs and wet meadows. 
 
 VIRGIN IC A, 
 
 Borders of marshes. Troy, Beck in herb. 
 
 Irids. 
 
 Color-varying Iris. 
 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 Virginian Iris. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 SISYRINCHIUMc-L. 
 
 BERMUDIAN A, L., var. anceps, Gray. 
 "Waysides, pastures, meadows. 
 
 Blue-eyed Grass. 
 Sword-spathed Sisyrinchium. 
 Common. May - July. 
 
 DIOSCOREA CEiE. 
 
 Yam-roots. 
 
 DIOSCOREA ,]Plumier. 
 
 VILLOSA, L. 
 
 Wet woods and thickets. Low 
 county, I. H. Hall. 
 
 Wild Yam-root. 
 Downy Dioscorea. 
 
 sandy woods near Owasco lake, Cayuga 
 Rare. July. 
 
 SMILACEAL Smilaces. 
 
 SMIL AX, Tournefort. Greenbriers. 
 
 rotundifolia, L. Round-leaved Smilax. 
 
 Woods, thickets, near water. Schenectady county, E. W. Paige. Oneida 
 county, Knieskern. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. Rochester, C. Dewey. 
 
 Uncommon. June. 
 
 hispida, Muhlenberg. Prickly Smilax. 
 
 Low woods, shady swamps. Oriskany valley ; wet woods between Clinton 
 and Manchester; southeast of Clark’s mills. In all damp thickets, and 
 swamps on the flats of the Mohawk. Gorham, Seneca county, Sartwell. 
 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 herbacea, L. Herbaceous Smilax. 
 
 Shaded banks of streams. Uncommon. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 141 
 
 TRILLIUM, L. Trillia. 
 
 sessile, L. Sessile-flowered Trillium. 
 
 Rich woodlands. Near Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, L. Holzer. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 cernuitm, L. Nodding Trillium. 
 
 Shady banks. Schenectady county, Pearson : Paige . Otsego county, H. 
 Lathrop. Scarce. May. 
 
 erectum, L. Purple , Erect Trillium. 
 
 Ravines and moist banks. Common. 
 
 yar. album, Pursh. White Trillium. 
 
 Valley of the Mohawk throughout: Frankfort: Utica. Valley of the Saquoit: 
 New-Hartford. Valley of the Oriskany: Clinton: Lairdsville. Abundant. 
 
 var. flavum, Eaton. Yellow Trillium. 
 
 Southern part of Lewis county, J. G. Crocker. Occasionally, with the nor- 
 mal form, in the vicinity of Utica. Banks of the Mohawk at Rome, Vasey. 
 Hamilton, Madison county, and Norwich, Chenango county, J. S. Douglass , 
 Torrey FI. N.Y. Scarce. May. 
 
 grandiflorum, Salisbury. Great-flowered Trillium. 
 
 Woods, cedar swamps, banks of streams. Abundant throughout the Mohawk 
 valley. Frequent in the Sauquoit and Oriskany vallies. May. 
 
 Erythrocarpum, Michaux. Red-fruited Trillium % 
 
 Evergreen woods, open banks. Schenectady county, Pearson. Otsego county, 
 Miss S. Cooper. Trenton falls. Banks of the Deerfield creek. Brows of the 
 Starch-factory ravine. Frankfort hill. Paris hill. Sides of Oriskany creek, 
 Pleasant valley. Common throughout the sandy woods of Rome. Valley of 
 the Unadilla, Gray. Abundant. May. 
 
 MEDEOLA, Gr onorius. 
 virginica, L. 
 
 Moist woods. 
 
 Cucumber-root. 
 Virginian Medeola. 
 Common. June. 
 
 LILIACE2E. 
 
 Lilies . 
 
 ASPARAGUS, L. 
 
 OFFICINALE, L. 
 
 Pastures, ravines. Escapes frequently. 
 
 Oflicinal Asparagus. 
 
 June. 
 
 POLYGONATUM, Tournefort. 
 
 BIFLORUM, Elliott. 
 
 Ravine-sides, moi3t woods. 
 
 Solomon's- seals. Polygonata. 
 Twin-flowered Poly gonatum . 
 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 GIGANteum, Dietrich. Giant Poly gonatum. 
 
 Banks of the Mohawk river, where it is common; but out of the valley it is 
 rare. Along Wood creek sparingly. June, July. 
 
 SMILACINA, Desfontaines. 
 
 RACEMOSA, Desf. 
 
 Woods, thickets, hillsides. 
 
 Smilacinas. 
 Racemed Smilacina. 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 stellata, Desf. Starry Smilacina. 
 
 Abundant on the banks of the Mohawk. Wood creek. Fish creek, Knieskern. 
 In all arbor-vitse swamps on the hills, from Summit lake westward to Hidden 
 lake. Frequent. June. 
 
142 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET 
 
 trifolia, Desf. Three-leaved Smilacina. 
 
 Swamps. Summit lake. Mud lake. Jordanville marshes. Frankfort hill, 
 round Wetmore’s pond. Paris hill. Southeast of Oriskany. South Trenton. 
 Abundant in the swamps of Rome. Borders of Point of Rock lake. Common 
 in the cold marshes of the north woods. Abundant. May. 
 
 bifolia, Ker. Two-leaved Smilacina. 
 
 Woods. Common. May. 
 
 CLINTONIA, Rafinesque. Wild Lily of the Y alley i Clintonia 
 
 borealis, Raf. Northern Clintonia. 
 
 Damp woods, and in all arbor-vitge swamps. Cold marshes and borders of 
 ponds on the hills, from Otsego county, through the high swamps of Warren 
 and Litchfield to Cedar lake, south Herkimer county. Paris hill, and over 
 the uplands of the southern part of the county. Cedar swamps on the flats 
 of the Mohawk; between East-Canada creek and Littlefalls; below and 
 above Frankfort; ravines near Utica; south of Whitesboro; west of Ori- 
 skany; north of Rome. Swamps west of Rome and around Oneida lake. 
 About Point of Rock lake. Evergreen woods of South- Trenton. Sides of 
 North pond. Common in the north woods. Abundant. May, June. 
 
 HEMEROC ALLIS, L. 
 
 FULVA, L. 
 
 Roadsides; garden fences. 
 
 I) ay -lily. 
 Fulvous Hemerocallis. 
 Occasional. July. 
 
 ALLIUM, L. 
 
 tricoccum, Aiton. 
 Moist woods. 
 
 Leeks. 
 
 Three-seeded Allium . 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 cernuum, Roth. Drooping-flowered Allium. 
 
 Damp banks. Seneca county, shores of the lake, Gray. Chemung valley, 
 Knieskern, Torrey FI. N.Y. Chemung county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare. July, August. 
 
 VINE ALE, L. Vineyard Allium. 
 
 Low meadows. Troy, Aiken in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Schenectady coun- 
 ty, Pearson : Paige. Near Utica, Knieskern in cat. Rare. June. 
 
 canadense, Kalm. Canadian Allium. 
 
 Water-sides. Sander’s lake near Schenectady. Pearson. Shady woods, 
 Oneida county, Knieskern. Meadows on the fiats of the Mohawk opposite 
 Whitesboro. Uncommon. May, June. 
 
 LILIUM, L. Lilies. 
 
 philadelphicum, L. Red Lily. 
 
 Plains, banks, bushes. Schenectady. Littlefalls. Rome. Abundant. June. 
 
 canadense, L. Yellow Lily. 
 
 Wet meadows, borders of swamps. Pine plains of Schenectady. Otsego 
 county, Miss S. Cooper. Trenton falls, on the west bank opposite the High 
 falls. Oneida county, Knieskern. Meadows of the Mohawk. Sandy woods of 
 Rome. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 superbum, L. Turk' s-cap. Superb Lily. 
 
 Low meadows and swamps. Common. July, August. 
 
 ERYTHRONIUM, L. 
 americanum, Smith. 
 
 Damp woods and meadows. 
 
 Adder' s-tongues. 
 Yellow Erythronium. 
 Common. April, May. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 143 
 
 albidum, Nuttall. White Erythronium . 
 
 Wet meadows. Near Albany, Eaton hot. Albany, Torrey FI. N.Y.: in herb. 
 Sartwell Ham. Coll. Delaware county, common. B. D. Gilbert. 
 
 Rare. April, May. 
 
 MELAXTHACE^E. Melanthia. 
 
 UVULARIA, L. Bellworts. 
 
 grandiflora, Smith. Lar geflowered Uvularia. 
 
 Flats of streams, damp woods. Common. May. 
 
 perfoliata, L. Small-flowered Uvularia. 
 
 Gulf-sides, borders of thickets. Ravines on the Deerfield hills. Frankfort 
 hill. Headwaters of the Sauquoit creek; of the Unadilla river; and south- 
 ward. Infrequent. May. 
 
 SESSILIFOLIA, L. 
 Woods. 
 
 Sessile-leaved Uvularia. 
 
 Everywhere common. May. 
 
 PROSARTES, Bon. Prosartes. 
 
 lanuginosa, Don. Downy Prosartes. 
 
 Rich open woods about Oriskany, Knieskern. Auburn, Cayuga county, J. 
 Carey in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Penn-Yan, Abates county, Sartwell. 
 Near Rochester, Eaton bot.: Z. H. Harris. Torrey FI. N . Y.: C. M. Booth. 
 Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. May. 
 
 STREPTOPUS, Michaux. 
 
 amplexifolius, DC. Stem-clasping Streptopus. 
 
 Cedar swamps. Fairfield, Hadley, Torrey FI. N .Y. In most of the swamps 
 on the heights of Frankfort, near the Graefenberg Watercure; and Litchfield, 
 Gray. Paris hill. Rare. June. 
 
 roseus, Michx. 
 Ravines and woods. 
 
 Rosy-flowered Streptopus. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 ZYGADENUS, Michaux. 
 
 glaucus, Nuttall. Glaucous Zygadenus . 
 
 On the gravelly banks of the St. Lawrence, in calcareous soil, Nuttall. 
 Abundant in the marly portions of the West-Bergen swamp, northeastern 
 Genesee county, chiefly in the shade of evergreens and throughout the arbor 
 vitae bordering the marsh : discovered by G. T.Fish. Rare. July. 
 
 VERATRUM, Tournefort. 
 viride, Aiton. 
 
 Wet meadows and swamps. 
 
 American Hellebore. 
 Green-flowered Veratrum . 
 Common. June. 
 
 CHAMiELIRIUM, Willdenow. Blazing-star. 
 
 luteum, Gray. Light-yellowflowered Chamcelirium. 
 
 Meadows and low woodlands. Wet places in sandy woods near Owasco lake, 
 Cayuga county, I. H. Hall. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Rochester. Z. H. Harris in herb. Bradley. Rare. May, June. 
 
 TOFIELDIA, Hudson. False Asphodel. 
 
 glutinosa, Willd. Glutinous- stemmed Tofieldia . 
 
 Wet moss and shallow bogs on the swamp of West-Bergen, Genesee county. 
 In these moist stations, the plants are large and abundant; but sometimes 
 they are found in nearly dry marly mud, in company with Scleria verticillata 
 and Carex crawei , when they are dwarfed in size, flowering at the height of 
 three to six inches. Rare. June, July. 
 
144 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 juncace^e. 
 
 Rushes. 
 
 LUZULA, DC. Wood-rushes. 
 
 PILOSA, Willd. Hairy Luzula. 
 
 Damp shady banks of streams. Along Wood creek and near Oneida lake, 
 Knieskern. Abundant on the wooded flats and rocky sides of Fish creek. 
 Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Abundant. May. 
 
 CAMPESTRIS, DC. 
 Dry woodlands. 
 
 Field Luzula. 
 Common. May. 
 
 JUNCUS, L. 
 
 EFFUSUS, L. 
 
 Ditches, low meadows. 
 
 Rushes. Junci. 
 Effuse Juncus. 
 Common. June. 
 
 filiformis, L. Filiform Juncus. 
 
 Sandy shores of lakes in the north woods. Head of Oneida lake, Gray. 
 Lake Ontario near Sackett’s-harbor, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 BALTicus, Willd. Baltic Sea Juncus. 
 
 Gravelly shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lake Ontario, Torrey FI. N.Y. 
 Lake shore, Sackett’s-harbor, Knieskern. 
 
 Common in the muddy portions of the swamp in West-Bergen, north- 
 eastern Genesee county. 
 
 This plant appears out of place here. Its usual habitat is the border of 
 the Lake; while this station is three hundred feet or more above the level of 
 the Lake, and nearly twenty miles south of the shore and has been found 
 still farther inland. Other shore plants accompany it; Scirpus torreyi, Zy- 
 gadenus glaucus, Solidago houghtonii of which only one other station is 
 known, on the northern shore of Lake Michigan : all depend on the water 
 of the Lake for their establishment. Their presence at this place, therefore, 
 indicates that the surface of the water has been so much higher, or the land 
 so much lower, at some time past. 
 
 Furthermore, this is a seaside plant, native in the north of Europe and 
 on our northern coasts. For its introduction to the Great Lakes, it is just as 
 dependent on the ocean as are Ranunculus cymbalaria, Atriplex hastala, 
 Saliconia herbacea , Najas major , Ruppia maritima, Triglochin rnaritimum, 
 J. bulbosus, Scirpus maritimus and Spartina stricta for their existence at 
 Onondaga lake, and Laihyrus maritimus on the beaches of Oneida lake. 
 These localities are all nearly on the same level, which must have been the 
 shore of a maritime bay, during some ancient period. This period cannot 
 have been less remote than the Post-tertiary, and may have been among the 
 epochs of the Tertiary itself. 
 
 So these stations prove these very species of plants to be very old; and 
 because still identical in character, both inland and on the coast, that they 
 have not varied in the least during so many ages and so great changes. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 scirpoides, Lamarck. Scirpus-like Juncus. 
 
 Borders of ponds and streams. Low sandy points of lakes in the north woods. 
 Shores of North pond near Alder creek. Shores of Lake Ontario, near 
 Sackett’s-harbor, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N .Y. Reoccurring on 
 the hills south of the Mohawk valley. Along Canaderaga lake outlet, Otsego 
 county. Southern Oneida and Madison counties, Gray. Yates county, Sart- 
 well in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent. July. 
 
 paradoxus, Meyer. Remarkable-fruited Juncus. 
 
 Wet banks of rivulets, grassy marshes, around swamps, lakes, and all 
 water-courses. Common. July. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY, 
 
 146 
 
 debilis, Gray. Weak-stemmed Juncus. 
 
 Muddy bottoms of shady swamps. 
 
 Its habit clearly distinguishes this species; the stems lying flat on the 
 ground, radiating in all directions from the root, nearly two toet in length. 
 
 Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 ACUMINATUS, Michx. Sharp- fruited Juncus. 
 
 Marshes. Common along low shores in the north woods. In the swamps of 
 "Warren, south Herkimer county, between Jordanville and Richfield springs. 
 Oneida county, Knieskern. Jefferson county, Vasey. Head of Seneca lake, 
 Gray. Crooked lake, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent on the southern 
 borders of Bergen swamp, Genesee county. Abundant. July- September. 
 
 articulates, L. Articulate Juncus. 
 
 Water- sides. Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. 
 
 var. pelocarpus, Gray. Brown-fruited Juncus. 
 
 Shores. Onondaga lake, on all sides, in shallow water. Banks of Genesee 
 river near Avon; mouth of the Genesee, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Rare August. 
 
 NODOSUS, L. Knott ed-leaxed Juncus. 
 
 Water-borders, muddy banks. North woods. Alder creek. Cedar lake, 
 south Herkimer county. Onondaga lake. Abundant. July. 
 
 var. megacephalus, Torrey. Great-headed Juncus. 
 
 Sandy shores of Lake Ontario, Gray, Torrey FI. N.Y.: hot. Wet soil near 
 the Lake shore, Monroe county, L. Holzer. Rare. July. 
 
 conradi, Tuckerman. Determined by Conrad. 
 
 Sandy shores. ^Albany, Beck in herb. Plentiful on the banks of Third and 
 Fourth lakes, north Herkimer county; frequently viviparous. Rare. July. 
 
 stygius, L . Stygian Juncus. 
 
 In an extensive sphagnous swamp bordering Perch lake, Jefferson county; 
 not previously known as a native of North America, Gray in Rare plants of 
 Northern N.Y. Thirty years ago or so, i.t was found near the head of the 
 lake, on a wet quaking bog which extended to the water. But the lake has 
 been raised at its outlet, or lowered; either of which would destroy the lo- 
 cality. Others have tried for years, but have not rediscovered the plant, Gray. 
 Specimens were taken from this station also by Crawe: Wood: Vasey. 
 The heads are not always single and terminal : many specimens have two, 
 one to three inches apart. Local. July, August. 
 
 tenuis, Willd. Slender Juncus. 
 
 Roadsides, damp grounds. Common. June. 
 
 bulbosus, L., var. gerardi, Gray. Black-grass. 
 
 Rivulet-sides and wet banks, east of Salina and west of Onondaga lake, in 
 thick patches. Common there. Local mland. August. 
 
 BUFONIUS, L. 
 Ditches, shores. 
 
 Toad Juncus. 
 
 Common. August. 
 
 POXTEDERIACEiE. Pickerel-weeds. 
 
 PONTEDERIA, L. Common Pickerel-weed . 
 
 cordata, L. Cordate-base-leaved Pontederia. 
 
 Shallow waters of lakes, ponds, rivers. Otsego lake. Miss S. Cooper. Lakes 
 of the north woods. Oneida lake, Knieskern. Bays and inlets on Lake On- 
 tario. Frequent. 
 
 var. angustifolia, Gray. Narroio- leaved Pontederia. 
 
 Borders of Canaderaga lake, Otsego county, Gray. July - September. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 10 
 
146 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 SCHOLLERA, Schreber. Water Star-grass. 
 
 graminea, Willd. Grass-leaved Schollera. 
 
 Flowing water. Chenango canal, two miles southwest of Utica. Occasional 
 in the Mohawk river throughout. Unadilla river common, Gray. Eaton 
 Madison county, Bradley. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Genesee river and Irondequoit bay, C. M. Booth. Infrequent. August. 
 
 XYRIDACEiE. Xyrids. 
 
 XYRIS, L. Yellow-eyed Grass. 
 
 bulbosa, Kunth. Bulbous Xyris. 
 
 Muddy edges of an elevated pond at the east end of Bald rock, north Her- 
 kimer county. Growing in clusters of many plants connected at the roots : 
 very small in size, scapes two to six inches high, leaves one-half to two 
 inches long. Rare. July, August. 
 
 ERIOCAULOXACEiE. Pijpeworts. 
 
 ERIOCAULON, L. 
 
 septangulare, Withering. Seven-angled Eriocaulon . 
 
 Lakes and ponds of the north woods, throughout and common. August. 
 
 CYPERACEiE. Sedges. 
 
 CYPERUS, L. Cyperi. 
 
 DiANDRUS, Torrey. Two-stamened Cyperus. 
 
 var. castaneus, Torr. Chestnut-colored Cyperus. 
 
 "Wet pastures, Oneida county, KniesJcern. Common in southern Oneida and 
 Madison counties, Gray. Marshy banks at Salina, and sandy shores beyond 
 Liverpool, Onondaga lake. Yates county, Sartwell. Monroe county, L. 
 Holzer. Abundant. August, September. 
 
 michauxianus, Schultes. Discovered by Michaux. 
 
 Waterside marshes. Borders of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Salina, New-York, 
 J. Carey, Torrey Cyp. Wet banks at the head and east side of Onondaga 
 lake, but scarce. Shores of Lake Ontario : Oswego. Crooked lake, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 strigosus, L. St rigose- spiked Cyperus. 
 
 Stream -sides, low sandy grounds. Talley of the Mohawk throughout, on 
 springy hillsides and gravelly banks. Whitesboro, on the barren sand from 
 the break of the Erie canal. Borders of swamps on the plains of Rome. 
 Around Onondaga lake. Frequent. August. 
 
 inflexus, Muhl. Recurved- scaled Cyperus. 
 
 Sandy shores of rivers and lakes. Near Albany, Tracy and Eaton, Torrey 
 Cyp. Near Oneida lake, Gray Gram. # Cyp. Shore of Oneida lake at the 
 water’s edge, a half mile north of Fish creek, plenty, Knieskern. 
 
 Infrequent. August. 
 
 dentatus, Torr. Dentate- spiked Cyperus. 
 
 Shores of Fourth lake in the chain of Eight, north Herkimer and Hamilton 
 
 counties, on a sandy point of the north side, and at the head near the inlet 
 from the upper lake : where it occurs in its abnormal state, with scales and 
 spikes foliaceous. Rare. August, September. 
 
 PHYMAtodes, Muhl. Many-tubered Cyperus. 
 
 Damp banks. Low alluvial bottoms in the bed of the Mohawk river through- 
 out its length, but chieliy from Schenectady to Littlefalls; also in ditches and 
 bogs over the flats. Shores of Oneida lake, Torr. Cyp. Avon springs, Li- 
 vingston county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Common. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 147 
 
 schweinitzii, Torrey. Discovered by Schweinitz. 
 
 Dry sandy banks along the shore of Lake Ontario. Sodus bay, Sartwell in 
 herb. Ham. Coll. Near Greece, Monroe county, Bradley , Torrey Cyp. Beach 
 of Lake Ontario near Braddock’s bay, Bradley. Rare. August. 
 
 filiculmis, Vohl. Filiform Cyperus. 
 
 Barren fields and banks. Abundant in the sandy wastes at the head of Oneida 
 lake. South shore of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Around Onondaga lake. 
 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 DULICHIUM, Richard. 
 
 spathaceum, Persoon. Sheathed Dulichium. 
 
 Marshes, borders of lakes, frequent. In the north woods, common. August. 
 
 HEMICARPHA, Nees von Esenbeck. 
 
 subsquarrosa, Nees. Spreading- scaled Hemicarpha . 
 
 Sandy shores. Northern parts of the State of New-York, Stevenson ; western 
 parts of the same State, Gray ; Torrey Cyp. Near Oneida lake, New-York, 
 Gray Gram. # Cyp. Shore of Oneida lake above the mouth of Fish creek, 
 with Cyperus injlexus, Knieskern. Rare. July. 
 
 ELEOCHARIS, R. Brown. 
 
 obtusa, Schultes. Obtuse-scaled Eleocharis. 
 
 Marshes, low grounds. Common. July. 
 
 paltjstris, R, Br. Marsh Eleocharis . 
 
 Bogs, swamps, borders of ponds, lakes at the water’s edge. Often very high 
 when growing in shallow water. Common. July. 
 
 var. calya, Gray. Skull-spiked Eleocharis. 
 
 Western part of the State, Torrey Fl.N. Y. Watertown, Crawe, Gray bot. 
 
 August. 
 
 compressa, Sullivant. Compressed-culmed Eleocharis. 
 
 Shallow borders of lakes, or at the water’s edge, in the north woods. Wet 
 mud-banks of a millpond at Cedarville, south Herkimer county. Brownville, 
 Jefferson county, W. A. Wood in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Scarce. August. 
 
 ROSTellata, Torrey. Rostrate- fruited Eleocharis. 
 
 Swamps. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell , Torrey Cyp. and FI. N.Y.: Gray 
 bot.: in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Common on the swamp of West-Bergen, 
 Genesee county; in wet moss and water-covered marl. 
 
 This plant commonly bears fruitless culms two to four feet in length, 
 which, bending over, root at the end. August, September. 
 
 intermedia, Schultes. Intermediate Eleocharis. 
 
 Damp banks and shores. Jefferson county, Crawe , and Oneida county, Gray, 
 Torrey Cyp. Shores of North pond, southwest of Boonville. Near Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Cedarville, covering the muddy banks of a millpond, and along 
 the creek towards Ilion ; marly shores of Cedar lake, with Scirpus paucijlorus; 
 south Herkimer county. Southern Oneida and Madison counties, Gray. 
 Benton, Y'atea county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. August. 
 
 tenuis, Schultes. Slender Eleocharis. 
 
 Marshes. Mud lake, Jordanville, Cedar lake, Hidden lake, and Cedarville, 
 south Herkimer county. Frequent. August. 
 
 acicul aris, R. Br. Needle Eleocharis. 
 
 Rivulet-sides, wet banks and bottoms of mud. Common. June - August. 
 
148 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 SCIRPUS, L. Scirpi. 
 
 CiESPiTOSirs, L. Tufted Scirpus . 
 
 Spliagnons bogs on mountain tops, and cold swamps. Mount Marcy, Knits- 
 kern in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Common on the West-Rergen marsh, 
 northeastern Genesee county; where it grows very high, fifteen to twenty 
 inches. Rare. June, July. 
 
 pauciflorus, Lightfoot. Few-flowered Scirpus. 
 
 Marshes. Watertown near Lake Ontario, Crawe. Gray addend, hot. Hidden 
 lake, Litchfield; where it abounds in the peculiar covering composed of 
 Hypnum scorpioides, with Carices chordorhiza, filiformis and limosa chiefly: 
 marly bogs around Cedar lake, most abundant on an old outlet of the pond, 
 covering its surface : south Herkimer county. It also occurs very sparingly 
 on the southern border of the swamp in Bergen, northeastern Genesee coun- 
 ty, in marl mud. Rare. July. 
 
 Flat-leaved Scirpus. 
 
 Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence county, Crawe , Torrey 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 Dedicated to G. W. Clinton. 
 
 PLANIFOLIUS, Muhl. 
 
 Rocky woods and bogs. 
 
 Cyp. 
 
 Clintonii, Gray. 
 
 Dry banks. 
 
 Scirpus planifolius, var. brevifolius. Leaves much shorter than the 
 culm, very narrow, canaliculate, triquetrous towards the summit; scales 
 shorter and scarcely acuminate. Culm a foot long, very slender. Leaves 
 scarcely half a line wide, l — 3 inches long, almost subulate. Spike broadly 
 ovate. Ogdensburgh, N.York, Crawe : Torrey Cyp. 
 
 Folio e vagina suprema involuto-filiformi culmo multum breviori, cas- 
 teris brevissimis vel subnullis; squamis capituli (prater infimam) carina 
 vix prominula haud percurrente muticis; setis perigynii achenium super- 
 antibus : rel. ut in S. planifolio: Gray in Sill. Jour. Rare. June. 
 
 subterminalis, Torrey . Subterminal-fruited Scirpus. 
 
 Deep still, water. Inlet of a stream on the west side of First lake, north 
 Herkimer county. Sphagnum pond adjoining North pond, north Oneida co. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 var. terrestris. Emersed Subterminal-fruited Scirpus. 
 Wet moss on Hidden lake, south Herkimer county. Standing ten to twenty 
 inches high, with one to three or four erect strong leaves and open round 
 heads of fruit. Local. August. 
 
 PUNGENS, Vahl. Pointed Scirpus. 
 
 Lake borders, swamps. Shallow water of ponds in the north woods. Oneida 
 lake, Knieskern. Western part of the State of New-York, Gray Gram, fy 
 Cyp. Water-sides near Onobdaga lake. 
 
 At Salina a small form occurs, short, slender, and few-flowered. 
 
 Abundant. August. 
 
 torreyi, Olney. Determined by Torrey. 
 
 Margins of rivers, ponds. Abundant near the head of Fourth lake, Hamil- 
 ton county, along the south shore, in shallow water on sandy bottoms. Also 
 in quantity over the southern portion of the swamp of West- Bergen, Genesee 
 county; in company with Juncus balticus and other Lake shore plants. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 LACUSTRIS, L. 
 
 Bogs, rivers, lakes. 
 
 Lake Scirpus. 
 Common. July. 
 
 debilis, Pursh. Weak Scirpus. 
 
 Sandy borders of lakes. Wet shores of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Shore of 
 Lake Ontario near Sackett’s-harbor, New-York, Gray Gram. 4* Cyp.: Torr. 
 Cyp.: in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Rare. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 149 
 
 maritimus, L. Seaside Scirpus. 
 
 Beaches, shore-marshes. Sandy banks at Salina and of Onondaga lake: 
 where all manner of forms abound, from a depauperate one and the smallest 
 size, up to the ordinary and highest states. Local inland. 
 
 var. macrostachyos, Michaux. Large-headed Scirpus. 
 
 Marshes of Salina at the head of the lake. Abundant here, but local. 
 
 August - October. 
 
 fluviatilis, Gray. River Scirpus. 
 
 Lake and river-marshes. Gravelly shores of Canaderaga lake, Otsego coun- 
 ty; where it was discovered by Dr. Gray in the year 1832. Borders of Oneida 
 lake, Knieskern. Common in the western parts of the State of New-York, 
 Gray, Torrey Cyp. Abates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Irondequoit 
 bay of Lake Ontario, L. Holzer. Hare. August. 
 
 SYLVATICUS, L. 
 
 var. atrovirens, Gray. 
 Low meadows, swamps. 
 
 Woodland Scirpus. 
 Bark-green Scirpus. 
 Common. July. 
 
 polyphyllus, Vahl. Many-leaved Scirpus. 
 
 Borders of wet woods and thicket-swamps. Near Penn-Yan, Yates county: 
 Lockport, Niagara county: Sartwell. Rare. July. 
 
 lineatus, Michx. Line- scaled Scirpus. 
 
 Swamps. Ontario county , Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. July. 
 
 eriophorum' Michx. Wool-bearing Scirpus. 
 
 Low grounds. Common. 
 
 var. cyperinus, Gray. Cyperus-like Scirpus. 
 
 "Wet places on Bald rock, north Herkimer county. 
 
 var. LAXUS, Gray. Loose-fruiting Scirpus. 
 
 Marshes of the north woods. Borders of Oswego river. August. 
 
 ERIOPHORUM, L. Cotton-grasses. Eriophora. 
 
 alpinum, L. Alpine Eriophorum. 
 
 Cold moss marshes. Oriskany swamp, Knieskern: Gray.- Vasey. Abundant 
 on the extensive sphagnum swales beyond Rome, both sides of the Oswego 
 county road. Tufts on the surface of Hidden lake, Litchfield; and on the 
 borders of Mud lake; south Herkimer county. Rare. June. 
 
 VAGINATUM, L. Sheathed- culmed Eriophorum. 
 
 Elevated swamps. Shaky sphagnum flats surrounding Wetmore’s pond on 
 Frankfort hill. Watertown and Utica, Gray, Torrey Cyp. Abundant in deep 
 sphagnous swamps on the pine plains six miles west of Rome. Rare. June. 
 
 VIrginicum, L. Virginian Eriophorum. 
 
 Sphagnum bogs. Frankfort hill. Paris hill. Oriskany. Rome. South Trenton. 
 Near North pond. Common in the north woods. August. 
 
 polystachyon, L. Many-spiked Eriophorum. 
 
 Wet meadows, grassy bogs. Common, 
 
 var. angustifolium, Gray. IS arrow-leaved Eriophorum. 
 
 Cedar and moss-swamps. Western part of the State; Oriskany swamp; 
 Brookfield, Madison county; Gray. Sphagnum bog southeast of Oriskany, 
 on the hill. North Herkimer county marshes, at the edges of woods. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
150 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 GRACIle, Koch. Slender Eriophorum. 
 
 Mossy marshes. Open grassy bog, north of Summit lake, Otsego county. 
 Cedar swamp bordering Mud lake : abundant on Hidden lake; south Herki- 
 mer county. Common on cold bogs west of Fort Bull, Rome, near the Erie 
 canal. Pools in the sphagnous marsh adjoining North pond. Wet banks and 
 along brooks in the north woods. Infrequent. June. 
 
 FIMBRISTYLIS, Vohl. 
 
 AUTUMNalis, Rcem. Sf Schultes. Autumnal Fimbristylis. 
 
 River-sides. Troy and Schenectady, Pearson. Infrequent. August, Sept. 
 
 capill aris, Gray. Capillary Fimbristylis. 
 
 Dry sand. Pine plains of Schenectady, E . W. Paige. Sandy plains of Oneida 
 lake, Gray. Uncommon. August, September. 
 
 RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl. Beaked Rushes. 
 
 fusca, Rcem. Schultes. Brown Rhynchospora. 
 
 Lake-shores and boggy margins of ponds in the north woods, Herkimer and 
 
 Hamilton counties : abundant there. 
 
 August. 
 
 alba, Vahl. White Rhynchospora. 
 
 Marshes. Summit lake. Mud lake. Frankfort hill. State marsh. Hidden lake. 
 
 Oriskany swamp, Knieskern. 
 bogs of the north woods. 
 
 capillacea, Torrey. 
 
 North pond, off Alder creek; and in all the 
 Common. August. 
 
 Capillary Rhynchospora. 
 
 Bogs and wet rocks. Cranberry marsh at the head of Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 On limestone rocks. Watertown, New-York, Gray Rhyn. Junius, Seneca 
 county, Sartwell. Crevices and seats of the wet cliffs below the falls of Ge- 
 nesee river, Rochester. West-Bergen swamp, Genesee county. 
 
 A variety with twelve bristles is abundant on Hidden lake and the State 
 marsh, Litchfield, south Herkimer county. Rare. July, August. 
 
 GLOMErata, Vahl. Clustered Rhynchospora. 
 
 Mossy level adjoining an elevated pond at the east end of Bald rock, north 
 of Third lake, north Herkimer county. Rare. August. 
 
 Mariscus-like Cladium. 
 
 CLADIUM, Browne. 
 
 mariscoides, Torrey. 
 
 Marshes and lake-shores. Abundant on Hidden lake, Litchfield. Oriskany 
 swamp. Gray : Knieskern. Common on borders of lakes and ponds in the 
 north woods. Infrequent. August. 
 
 SCLERIA, L. 
 
 TRIGLOMERATA, MichauX. 
 Swamps, low copses. 
 
 Nut-rushes. 
 Three-clustered Scleria. 
 
 Plains of Rome, Knieskern. Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. July. 
 
 pauciflora, Muhlenberg. Few-flowered Scleria. 
 
 Wet meadows, hillsides. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Rare. July. 
 
 Verticillata, Muhl. Whorled- fruited Scleria. 
 
 Marshes. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell , Torrey Cyp. : Gray Gram, 
 Cyp.t in herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll. Abounding in the damp marl of the 
 West-Bergen swamp. Genesee county. 
 
 The fresh plant has a peculiar and agreeable fragrance. Rare. August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 151 
 
 CAREX, L. Carices. 
 
 gynocrates, Wormskjold. Strong-pistilled Carex . 
 
 Swamps. Savannah, Wayne county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Springy 
 banks a few miles south of Rochester, west of the Genesee river, Dewey. 
 Abundant in the swamp of West-Bergen, Genesee county, in moisture and 
 shade, covering low mounds and decaying logs. Rare. June. 
 
 exilis, Dewey. Meagre- fruited Carex. 
 
 Elevated bogs. Marshy borders of a pond off the east end of Bald rock, 
 north of Third lake, north Herkimer county. Rare. June, July. 
 
 sterilis, Willdenow. Barren-spiked Carex 
 
 Cold bogs on the hills. Frankfort hill. Paris hill. Summit lake. Hidden 
 lake. Sphagnous swamps between Rome and Oneida lake. West-Bergen, 
 Genesee county Infrequent. June. 
 
 BROMoides, Schkuhr. Bromus-like Carex. 
 
 Marshes, water-sides. Common. May. 
 
 disticha, Hudson. Two-ranked-fruited Carex . 
 
 var. sartwellii, Dewey. Discovered by Sartwell. 
 
 Swamps. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. 
 
 Fruit not two-rowed. Rare. July. 
 
 decomposita, Muhlenberg. Decompound- spiked Carex. 
 
 Swamps. <Junius, Seneca county, and Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 prairea, Dewey. Prairie Carex. 
 
 Marshes on the hills south of the Mohawk valley. In the open mossy bog- 
 land north of Summit lake, Otsego county. Edges of Mud lake; common 
 on the tamarack swamps between Jordanville and Page’s corners; abundant 
 over the surface of Hidden lake; sparingly in the State swamp of Jerusalem 
 hill, Litchfield; south Herkimer county. Yates county, Sartwell. West Ber- 
 gen, Genesee county. Rare. July. 
 
 cephalophora, Willd. Head-bearing Carex. 
 
 Copses, sandy fields. Borders of thickets, north side of the river opposite 
 Whitesboro. Mohawk valley. Knieskern. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 muhlenbergii, Schkuhr. Discovered by Muhlenberg. 
 
 Rocky woods, fields- Valley of the Mohawk, Knieskern. Dry sandy hills 
 near Irondequoit bay, L. Holzer. Braddock’s bay, Monroe county, Bradley: 
 Sartwell: Dewey. Rare. June. 
 
 chordorhiza, L. Cord-rooted Carex. 
 
 Cold swamps, lake and river borders. Hidden lake and Jerusalem marsh, 
 abundant. Oriskany swamp, Knieskern. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. 
 Boggy margins of lakes in the north woods, frequent. St. Lawrence river 
 near Ogdensburgh, Crawe, Eaton hot. Rare. July. 
 
 cephaloidea, Dewey. Head-like Carex. 
 
 Fields and hedges. Banks of the Mohawk between Oriskany and Rome, 
 Vasey. Penn-Yan, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. June. 
 
 SPARGANIOIDES, Muhl. 
 
 Wet meadows, low thickets. 
 
 rosea, Schkuhr. 
 
 Cedar swamps. 
 
 var. radiata, Dewey. 
 Meadows and open woods. 
 
 Sparganium-like Carex. 
 Common. June. 
 
 Bose-like-headed Carex. 
 
 Abundant. June. 
 Radiate- fruited Carex. 
 Occasional. June* 
 
152 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 i 
 
 RETROFLEXA, Muhl. 
 
 Wet woods, moss marshes. 
 
 Reflexed-fruited Car ex. 
 
 Frequent. June -August. 
 
 disperma, Dewey. Two-seeded Carex. 
 
 Swamps, especially those of arbor vitae; abundant in all. May, June. 
 
 YULPINOIDEA, Michaux. Fox-like Carex . 
 
 Ditches. Common. June, July. 
 
 scabrior, Sartwell. Rougher Carex. 
 
 Wood-borders, copses. Penn-Yan, Yates conty, Sartwell. Rare. June, July. 
 
 setacea, Dewey. Awned-fruited Carex. 
 
 Moist banks. Abundant at the head of Hidden lake. Litchfield, south Her- 
 kimer county. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 teretiuscula, Goodenough. Rounder -headed Carex. 
 
 Swamps. Borders of Summit lake, and in the open marsh-land northward, 
 Otsego county. Margins of Mud lake; in the State marsh; and on Hidden 
 lake; south Herkimer county. Oriskany, Knieskern. Western part of the 
 State, Gray Gram, fy Cyp. Penn-Yan, Sartwell. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 stipata, Muhl. Crowded- spiked Carex. 
 
 Wet meadows. Abundant. May, June. 
 
 alopecoidea, Tuckerman. Foxtail-like Carex. 
 
 Grassy woods. Oneida, county, Vasey. Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 STELLULATA, Good. 
 
 Deep swamps of cedar or sphagnum. 
 
 Star-like Carex. 
 Common. June. 
 
 scirpoides, Schkuhr. Scirpus-like Carex. 
 
 Arbor vitae swamps. Frequent. May. 
 
 curta, Good. Short-fruited Carex. 
 
 Marshes. Frankfort hill, abundant around Wetmore’s sphagnum pond. 
 Oriskany. Rome. Swamps of the north woods. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 tenella, Ehrhart. Slender Carex. 
 
 Bogs of Rome. Beyond Fort Bull, in low open woods. In the extensive 
 swamp northwest of New-London, north side of Wood creek. Rare. June. 
 
 deweyana, Schkuhr. Discovered by Dewey. 
 
 Shady ravines, damp woods. Around Mud lake, Warren: grove on the 
 banks of Cedar lake, Litchfield: south Herkimer county. Rich bottoms of 
 Starch -factory creek near Utica, and over the mossy sides of many deep ra- 
 vines at its head. Shaded rocky banks of Fish creek, from Taberg northward. 
 
 Scarce. July. 
 
 trisperma, Dewey. Three-seeded Carex. 
 
 Cedar and sphagnum swamps. Frankfort hill. On the flats of the Mohawk 
 
 below Utica. Near Oneida lake, Knieskern. South- Trenton. North woods. 
 
 Abundant. July. 
 
 argyrantha, Tuckerman. Silver-flowered Carex. 
 
 Borders of low woods near the sphagnum swale of South-Trenton. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 tenuiflora, Wahlenberg. Small-flowered Carex 
 
 Open moss-swamp west of Fort Bull, Rome, south of the Erie canal, where 
 it is abundant. Formerly in the Oriskany swamp, Vasey ; but now all gone. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 153 
 
 straminea, Wahlenberg. 
 
 Swamps and their borders. 
 
 mirabilis, Dewey . 
 
 Wet meadows. Bottoms of the Mohawk river. 
 
 Straw-colored Carex . 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 Notable Carex . 
 
 Flats of Fish creek. 
 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 crist at a, Schiveinitz. 
 
 Low grounds. 
 
 lagopodioides, Schkuhr. 
 Marshes, shady wet woods. 
 
 ten era, Dewey. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 festucacea, Schkuhr. 
 Meadows, copses. 
 
 scoparia, Schkuhr. 
 Roadsides, bogs. 
 
 Plume-headed Carex. 
 
 Abundant. June. 
 
 Hare's-foot , Lagopus-like Carex. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 Pliant Carex. 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 Festuca-like Carex. 
 
 Uncommon. July. 
 
 Broom-like Carex. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 sychnocephala, Carey. Clustered-headed Carex. 
 
 Spicis androgynis inferne masculis crebris arete capitato-aggregatis folioso- 
 bracteatis; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis compressis e basi ovato-lanceolata 
 abrupte contracta subsessili longe sensimque rostratis apice bifidis margine 
 scabris squamam hyalinam lanceolatam abrupte mucronatam paulo super- 
 antibus. 
 
 Hob. In Nov. Ebor. Comitat. “Jefferson,” ubi legerunt cl. I.B.Crawe, 
 M.D., et cl. W. A. Wood, M.D. 
 
 Culm about a foot high, leafy, smooth; spikes sessile, densely clustered, 
 forming a compound capitate spike subtended by 3 long unequal foliaceous 
 bracts much exceeding the spike. Perigynium tapering from an abruptly 
 contracted ovate base into a long and slender scabrous bifid beak, a little 
 exceeding the lanceolate abruptly mucronate scale. Achenium ovate, 
 compressed, crowned with the lengthened style. 
 
 This plant, which has a great resemblance to C. cyperoides, Linnaeus, dif- 
 fers from that species in the nearly sessile perigynium, which tapers from a 
 much wider and contracted ( not attenuated ) base into a shorter beak, of 
 which the teeth are also shorter than in the European plant. The perigynia 
 are more crowded on the rachis than in C. cyperoides , the spikes of which, 
 owing to the greater length of the beaks, have a more comose appearance 
 than in our plant. The scale is shorter, abruptly mucronate, and not gradual- 
 ly tapering as in C. cyperoides ; and the achenium is ovate, not ovate-oblong 
 as in that species : Carey in Sill. Jour. 
 
 Moist banks, wet meadows. Borders of woods, roadside between Watertown 
 and Adams, where it was discovered by Knieshern and Vasey. about the year 
 1844. Watertown, received from Crawe, Dewey . Littlefalls, above the village, 
 between the canal and the river, in a low meadow, Vasey. Rare. June, July. 
 
 lenticular is, Michx. Lentil-fruited Carex. 
 
 On an island in Lake Sanford, not far from the McIntyre Iron-works, Knies- 
 kern. Sandy shores of Fourth lake in the chain of Eight, north Herkimer 
 county : only at the water’s edge, often in shade, where it grows two feet 
 high, but on exposed banks it bears full-sized spikes at the height of four 
 or five inches : abundant there. Rare. July, August. 
 
 aurea, Nutlall. Golden-fruited Carex. 
 
 Wet rocks and banks. Ledges within reach of the spray from the upper 
 falls, Trenton falls. West-Canada creek. Gray. Marshy slopes round Cedar 
 lake : hillsides of Hidden lake, Litchfield : south Herkimer county. Low 
 grass-lands along the road between Vanhornsville and Summit lake, Spring- 
 field, Otsego county. Banks of Oriskany creek, Knieskern. Scarce. June. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] JO* 
 
154 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET, 
 
 tort A, Boott. Curving-spiked Car ex. 
 
 Low grounds, of streams. Starch-factory creek Oriskany creek. Fish creek. 
 Abundant in a few localities, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Uncommon. May, June. 
 
 vulgaris, Fries. Universal Carex. 
 
 Swamp near Oriskany, Knieskern. Rare. June. 
 
 strictior, Dewey. 
 
 Borders of ponds, swamps 
 
 stricta, Goodenough. 
 Bogs. 
 
 Close-leaved Carex. 
 Frequent. May, June. 
 
 Upright-leaved Carex. 
 Common. May, June. 
 
 angustata, Boott. Narrow-leaved Carex. 
 
 Beaver-meadows and marshes of the north woods, abundant. Cold swamps 
 on the south range of hills. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. Infrequent. July. 
 
 aquatilis, Wahl. Water Carex. 
 
 Upland swamps. Around Summit lake, and over the open moss swamp above 
 it, Otsego county. Borders of Mud lake, Warren; on Hidden lake, and the 
 State marsh, Litchfield; south Herkimer county. Junius, Seneca county, 
 Sartwell. 
 
 Filiform peduncles of fertile spikes, sometimes a foot in length, occasional- 
 ly proceed from near the root. Scarce. July. 
 
 gynandra, Schweinitz. Double- spiked Carex. 
 
 Swamps. Rome, abundant west of Fort Bull. Frequent. June. 
 
 crinita, Lamarck. Fringed-spiked Carex. 
 
 Stream-sides. Common. June, July. 
 
 polytrichoides, Muhl. Hair cap-moss, Poly trichum-like Carex. 
 
 Cedar and moss swamps. Common. June. 
 
 leucoglochin, Elirhart. White-arrowheaded Carex. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps. Scarce about Wetmore’s pond, Frankfort hill. Common 
 on the swale of South-Trenton. Near North pond. Abundant in the north 
 woods, in nearly all mossy lowlands. Near Watertown, Gray Gram, fy Cyp. 
 
 Rare. June, July. 
 
 pedunculata, Muhlenberg. Long-peduncled Carex. 
 
 Shady hillsides and rich ravine bottoms. Abundant. May. 
 
 willdenowii, Schkuhr. In honor of Willdenow. 
 
 Dry banks. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray Gram. $ Cyp.: 
 
 Knieskern . Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. June. 
 
 steudelii, Kunth. Discovered by Steudel. 
 
 Hilly woods. Jefferson county, New-York, Wood. Watertown, Dr. W. A. 
 Wood, Dewey. Rare. June. 
 
 backii, Boott. Dedicated to Back. 
 
 Rocky banks. On an island in Perch lake, Crawe, Dewey. About Water- 
 
 town, Knieskern. Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Rare. June. 
 
 squarrosa, L. Squar rose-spiked Carex. 
 
 Bogs. Near Bath, Steuben county, Knieskern : Sartwell. 
 
 Scarce. June, July. 
 
 VIREScens, Muhl. Green-spiked Carext 
 
 Shady hillsides, moist woods. Frankfort hill. Cascade glen, southeast of 
 Utica; abundant about the upper falls. Oriskany, Knieskern. Woodlands 
 along the cliffs of Fish creek. Monroe county, L. Holzer. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 155 
 
 niRsuTA, Willdenow. Hair-sheathed Car ex. 
 
 Wet meadows. Schenectady, northeast of College buildings; and along the 
 brow of the Rotterdam hills. Littlefalls, flats of the Mohawk above the vil- 
 lage, south side of the river. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 buxbaumii, Wahlenberg. Honorary to Buxbaum. 
 
 Swamps. Junius, Sartwell. Banks of the Genesee river, Greece, Bradley. 
 At the head of the swamp in West -Bergen, Genesee county. Rare. June. 
 
 gracillima, Schweinitz. Slender Carex. 
 
 Meadows, copses, woods. Commoti. June, July. 
 
 Formosa, Dewey. Handsome Carex. 
 
 Moist banks and woodlands. Site of old Fort Bull, Rome, Vasey. Penn- 
 
 Yan, Sartwell. 
 
 Infrequent. June. 
 
 Dedicated to E. Davis. 
 
 davisii, Torrey. 
 
 Shaded hanks. Utica, Gray Gram.fy Cyp. Along the Mohawk banks op- 
 posite Whitesboro, under three butternut trees; below, on wooded hillsides 
 
 bordering a Cephalanthus swamp. Oriskany, Vasey. Frequent. June. 
 
 umbellata, Schkuhr. Umbellate Carex. 
 
 Rocks; sandy hills and plains. Over the river and above Utica. Oriskany, 
 Dewey: F. Boott. Western part of the State, Gray Gram, fy Cyp. Abundant 
 on the dry plains of Rome. Tufts on the sides of Bald rock, north of Third 
 lake, north Herkimer county. Penn-l"an, Sartwell. Abundant. 
 
 var. vicina, Dewey. Near-headed Umbellate Carex. 
 
 The form with one or two heads of fruit close beneath the sterile spike, is 
 found on the barren ridges bordering the open sphagnum swamps beyond 
 Rome, Frequently. June. 
 
 emmonsii, Dewey. Dedicated to E. Emmons. 
 
 Dry banks. Oriskany, Oneida county; Mount Hope, Rochester; Dewey. 
 Abundant in a few localities, Yates county, Sartwell. Webster, Monroe 
 county, L. Holzer. Infrequent. 
 
 Boott. 
 
 var. ELLIPTICA, 
 
 Spicis congestis ; perigyniis longioribus (l T 6 ^- 
 
 Long-fruited Carex. 
 
 T \ lin. longis, latis) 
 
 hirsutis squamam subduplo superantibus; achenio elliptico triquetro ( i T \j- 
 lin. longo, £ lin. lato), basi styli decidua. Tab. cclxxxvii. New-York, 
 Knieskern. 
 
 The var. has a longer body to the perigynium and a longer achenium, and 
 the pubescence is softer and longer, and the proportionate length of the 
 perigynium to the squamae gives a peculiar aspect to the spike. It has not 
 been noticed by authors: F. Boott. 
 
 Penn-Yan; Rochester; Dewey. Infrequent. July. 
 
 pennsylyanica, Lamarck. Pennsylvanian Carex. 
 
 Shady banks and deep thickets. Sides of the Mohawk valley, from Sche- 
 nectady to Littlefalls. Sandy ridges opposite Whitesboro, north side of the 
 Mohawk. Common on the plains of Rome. 
 
 Radical peduncles of fertile spikes, in addition to the usual one below the 
 sterile, appear frequently in specimens from the pine woods of Schenectady 
 county; and from sand-ridges among the sphagnum swales west of Rome, 
 between the Oswego county road and Wood creek. Abundant. May. 
 
 no y A3- angling, Schweinitz. New-England Carex. 
 
 Mountain streams. From Mount Marcy, N.Y., Dewey. Adirondac river, 
 Essex county, Knieskern, Torrey FI. N.Y. Lake Sanford, Knieskern. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 varia, Muhl. Variable- sized Carex. 
 
 Dry rocks and banks, both open and shaded. Common. May. 
 
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 yestita, Willdenow. Hair-clothed-fruited Carex. 
 
 Sandy copses. Pine plains of Schenectady, Knieskern : Pearson ; Tucker- 
 man: F.Boott. Rare. June. 
 
 Pubescens, Mahl. Pubescent Carex. 
 
 Open riel) woods, river-bottom meadows. Banks of the Mohawk river op- 
 posite Whitesboro, on sandy sidehills. Meadows, Oriskany. Knieskern. 
 Watertown, Jefferson county, Gray Gram, ty Cyp. 
 
 Occasionally a specimen occurs having an additional fertile spike on a long 
 slender peduncle, nearly radical. Infrequent. June. 
 
 play A, L. Yellow Carex. 
 
 Low grounds, meadows, swamps, shores; most abundant in limestone soils. 
 Littlefalls; Mud lake; swamp of Cedarville; between Day’s corners and 
 Cedar lake; around Cedar lake; on Hidden lake and the State marsh, 
 Litchfield; south Herkimer county. Utica, Oriskany, Knieskern. Swamps of 
 Rome, west of Fort Bull. Trenton falls, on the rocks opposite the upper 
 falls, in the spray; a small form. Abundant between Steuben station and 
 Boonville; and common along the wet banks of North pond. 
 
 Frequent. June - August. 
 
 oederi, Ehrhart. Oederian Carex. 
 
 Wet banks. Shore of Lake Ontario near Sackett’s-harbor, Crawe, Gray 
 Gram, Sf Cyp. Watertown, Jefferson county, Vasey. Abundant in the swamp 
 of West-Bergen, Genesee county ; a large form. Rare. June, July. 
 
 eolliculata, L. Injlated-fruited Carex. 
 
 Swamps. Frankfort hill, round Wetmore’s bear-pond. Oriskany and Oneida 
 lake, Knieskern. Western part of the State, Gray in Rare plants of Northern 
 N.Y.: Gram. § Cyp. Abundant in the shady swamps of Rome, from old 
 Fort Bull to New-London. Sphagnum swale adjoining North pond. Abun- 
 dant on the borders of beaver-meadows and swamps of the north woods. 
 
 In marshes occasionally it occurs not over a span high, with two or three 
 full-sized heads of fruit; and at the same time, within a few feet, on firmer 
 ground, it grows to the height of four feet or more. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 ROSTRATA, Michaux. Rostrate-fruited Carex. 
 
 Shores and elevated marshes. Overflowed sandy point on the south side of 
 Fourth lake in the chain of Eight; abundant on the level marshes surround- 
 ing two ponds, at each end of Bald rock; north Herkimer county. 
 
 In bogs, dwarf forms are found, five or six inches high, with two or three 
 perfect heads of fruit. Rare. June - August. 
 
 intumescens, Budge. Swollen-fruited Carex. 
 
 Wet meadows and swamps. Common. June, July. 
 
 grayii, Carey. Discovered by Gray. 
 
 Spica mascula solitaria pedunculata ; spicis foemineis 2 globosis densi.- 
 ( 25 — 30-) floris exserte pedunculatis ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis deflexo- 
 patentibus ovatis ventricosis multi-nervosis rostratis ore bifidis squamam 
 ovatam hyalinam mucronatam triplo superantibus. 
 
 Hab. Ad ripas fiuminum “ Mohawk” et “Wood creek,” Nov. Ebor. 
 Occident, detexit cl. A. Gray, M.D. 
 
 Culm 3 feet high, robust, triquetrous, smooth and leafy. Leaves taller 
 than the culm, 4-5 lines broad, rough on the margin. Sterile spike 
 1 2 — 2 inches long : fertile spikes globular, occasionally single, but gene- 
 rally 2, quite distinct and separate, l-g inch in diameter. Perigynia 
 crowded, deflexed, smooth and shining, 9 lines in length, 25 — 30-nerved, 
 tapering into a long perfectly glabrous beak. Achenium obtusely triangu- 
 lar, minutely dotted under a lens, crowned with the long continuous style. 
 
 Dr. Gray, who first detected this plant on the banks of the Mohawk at 
 Utica, and described it as a variety of C. intumescens , Rudge, remarks that 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 157 
 
 it 11 is characterized by its larger and coarser habit, and by its globose many- 
 flowered pistillate spikes. It flowers a month later than the ordinary form of 
 the species, and when young might readily be mistaken for C. lupulina.” To 
 this may be added, that C. intumescens, owing to the scarcely exserted 
 peduncles, has the loose few- (5-8-) flowered spikes closely approximate, 
 so as to be almost indistinguishable ; and the perigynia are erect, much shorter 
 (6-7 lines long), slightly serrulate towards the apex of the beak, and only 
 15-20-nerved. Though closely resembling C. intumescens , these constant 
 characters, and a marked difference in aspect, appear to entitle this plant to 
 rank as a species : Carey in Sill. Jour. 
 
 This species was found by Dr. Gray in meadows at Utica, and described, 
 in 1834, in the Ann. Lyc. N.York, as a variety of C. intumescens. The large 
 globular female spikes, the smooth perigynium with its gradual acumination 
 into a short rostrum, its more copious nerves, stouter and smoother culm 
 and broader leaves, sufficiently distinguish it : F. Boott. 
 
 Rich river-bottoms. On the flats of the Mohawk below Utica, in meadows, 
 Gray. Above Utica and opposite, Whitesboro. Oriskany, Knieskern : Vasey. 
 "Wood creek, J. Carey. Reappears in the valley of the Genesee river. 
 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 lupulina, Muhlenberg . Hop-fruited Carex. 
 
 Bogs on the flats of streams, borders of swamps. Common. July, August. 
 
 lupuliformis, Scirtwell. Hop-formed Carex. 
 
 Cold marshes. Highlands of New-York, Barratt , Gray Gram, fy Cyp. Y'ates 
 county, Sartwell. Uncommon. July. 
 
 tentaculata, Muhl. Tentacle- f ruited Carex. 
 
 Marshy places. Common. 
 
 var. parvula. Small Tentacle-fruited Carex. 
 
 A form occurs on wet flats of the Mohawk from Littlefalls to Rome, which 
 is much smaller and more slender than the common plant, with spikes and 
 perigynia less than half the usual size, and of a red-brown color. The scales 
 also are oblong-lanceolate, and nearly entire or even at the end. 
 
 var. rostrata, Sartwell. Large-beaked Tentacle-fruited Carex. 
 Water-sides. Penn-Y'an, Yates county, Sartwell. June, July. 
 
 plantaginea, Lamarck. Plantain-leaved Carex. 
 
 Ravine-sides and cedar swamps. Common. May. 
 
 careyana, Dewey. Discovered by Carey. 
 
 Dry woods. Jefferson county, W. A. Wood. Found near Auburn in 1832 by 
 Jonx Carey. Woods near the Genesee river, four or five miles above Ro- 
 chester, W. Boott: Dewey. Copses in Henrietta, Genesee county. 
 
 Rare. May. 
 
 laxiflora, Lamarck. T^oose flowering Carex. 
 
 Moist woods. Common. 
 
 var. intermedia, Boott. Intermediate Loose-flowering Carex. 
 Open woods. Oriskany, Vasey, F . Boott. About Utica, in all ravines, river- 
 bottoms, copses. Yates county, Sartwell. Abundant. May, June. 
 
 var. patulifolia, Dewey. Wide-leaved Looseflowering Carex. 
 Deep rich woods. Frequent. 
 
 platyphylla', Carey. Flat-leaved Carex. 
 
 Limestone rocks and hillsides. Littlefalls, shady cliffs of Fall hill, south of 
 the Mohawk. Litchfield, springy sloping meadows between Cedar lake and 
 Hidden lake. Among loose rocks of the Chittenango creek ravine. Wooded 
 sides of the Black river between Brownville and Dexter. Infrequent. June. 
 
 bland a, Dewey. Delicate formed Carex. 
 
 Dry woods and meadows. Common. June. 
 
158 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 retrocurva, Dewey. Drooping -fruited Carex. 
 
 Copses. Pleasant valley of Oriskany creek, above the dam, Vasey. Penn- 
 Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. June. 
 
 conoidea, Schkuhr. Conical-fruited Carex. 
 
 Wet meadows. Schenectady, a mile or more northeast of the Colleges. 
 Western part of the State, Gray Gram. § Cyp. Frequent in Yates county, 
 Sartwell. Scarce. June. 
 
 grisea, Wahlenberg. Gray-fruited Carex. 
 
 Moist woods, thickets, banks. Common. June. 
 
 digitalis, Willdenow. Finger-length Carex. 
 
 Shaded hillsides. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray Gram, fy Cyp. 
 The true form from Jefferson county, Dewey. Dexter, Vasey. Yates county, 
 Sartwell. Frequent about Rochester, C. M. Booth. Wet meadows, Greece, 
 Monroe county, L. Holzer. Uncommon. June. 
 
 eburnea, Boott. Ivory-scaled Carex. 
 
 Cliffs. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Abundant at Littlefalls, south side 
 of the river. Trenton falls. Fish creek precipices, on Hudson river sand- 
 stones. Western part of the State, Gray Gram. # Cyp. Watertown, N.Y., 
 Crawe, Schwein. fy Torrey Carices. All along Crooked lake outlet, Sartwell. 
 
 Wet woods. Shady borders of the swamp in West-Bergen, Genesee coun- 
 ty; in similar stations as those of C. gynocrates and C. disperma. 
 
 Scarce. June, July. 
 
 granularis, Muhlenberg. Granular-spiked Carex. 
 
 Wet meadows, along streams. Common. 
 
 yar. recta, Dewey. Straight-beaked Granular-spiked Carex. 
 
 Sterile meadows at Schenectady, a mile or more northeast of UnionCollege: 
 abundant there. 
 
 On the tops and sides of the Rotterdam hills occurs a form having short 
 wide root-leaves, broad foliaceous bracts, a single staminate spike sessile at 
 the base of and shorter than the highest fertile one, fertile spikes three or 
 four nearly sessile, perigynia long-ovoid and beakless. Rare. June. 
 
 yaginata, Tausch. Sheathed-culmed Carex. 
 
 Spica mascula solitaria, pedunculata, oblonga, sub anthesi infracta, femi- 
 neis subbinis, ternisve, exserte pedunculatis, remotis, erectis, oblongis, 
 laxifloris ; bracteis foliaceis, vagina dilatata patula ; stigmatibus tribus ; 
 utriculis squama apice carinata longioribus, oviformi-triangularibus, basi 
 attenuatis, glabris, rostro brevi, inasqualiter bidentato ; culmo laevi, striato, 
 basi foliato ; foliis margine sursum scabris ; caudice stolonifero ; Kunze 
 Suppl. zu Sclikulir liiedgr. 
 
 Plants growing in large patches, from creeping roots. Stolons three to 
 ten inches in length ; invested with sheaths about as long as the nodes. 
 Leaves radical ; very long, twelve to eighteen inches ; very narrow, only 
 a line and a half wide ; glabrous, but rough on the margin from base to 
 end ; acuminate ; light green. Culms one to two and a half feet in length, 
 usually about twenty inches ; with one to three sheaths at base prolonged 
 into short leaves ; compressed, flat ; striate ; smooth or harsh above on 
 the ridges ; filiform, weak, leaning from the root with, its spikes bending 
 over nearly to the ground, or the whole stem reclining on the leaves ; 
 sheathed toward the end. Sheaths from knots of the culm, cylindrical for 
 about an inch, then open and ending as short narrow sharp bracts ciliate 
 or scabrous margined ; enclosing the peduncles of the fertile spikes and 
 sometimes the fruit itself. Peduncles a little longer than the sheaths, rare- 
 ly four inches long if rising from near the root, slender, erect or when 
 elongated drooping with the fruit. Fertile spikes usually two, often only 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 159 
 
 one, rarely three ; remote, three to five inches ; cylindric ; about an inch 
 long, loose-flowered, often much longer with scattered alternate fruit on a 
 zigzag rachis. Perigynia rarely globose, with a short beak contracted from 
 its base ; commonly trigonal, narrowed below, bearing a distinct rostrum 
 nearly a line in length, which is turned obliquely outward to a greater or 
 less degree ; or frequently long-oval tapering upward, two lines in length, 
 bending with the short beak slightly to one side ; nerved ; quite smooth. 
 Rostrum rarely bidentate, and hairy at the orifice or down the inside ; 
 usually entire and obliquely truncated. Achenium short, triquetrous, with 
 sharp angles ; tristigmatic ; stigmas long, exserted one or two lines beyond 
 the beak. Scales ovate, acute, shorter than the perigynia ; with green keels 
 and red margins. Staminate spike single, distant two to four inches from 
 the highest pistillate one ; long-elliptical ; with lanceolate, nearly obtuse, 
 brown scales ; frequently having its peduncle bent at the base, or some- 
 times refracted even to a right angle. 
 
 Shady humid banks around the swamp in West -Bergen, Genesee county; 
 chiefly within the circle of arbor vitae, but among other low evergreens in 
 half-open places and rivulet-sides on the southern border, sometimes in 
 company with C. gynocrates. 
 
 This species has been found before in Northern America only at Riviere 
 du Loup on the St. Lawrence recently by W. Boott , at Montreal formerly by 
 W. F. Macrae . and in the Saskatchawan district long ago. In Europe it is an 
 alpine plant, ranging from the Swiss Alps to Lapland and Iceland. 
 
 Local. June. 
 
 livida, Wahlenberg. Livid Car ex. 
 
 Cold marshes. Formerly in the Oriskany swamp, Knieskern: Gray : Vasey. 
 Litchfield, south Herkimer county, nearly a mile southwest of Jerusalem 
 hill, in the center of a deep swamp among the East dry-lots, one of the 
 sources of the Unadilla river. The open lowest part is a marly bog, coveied 
 in many places or scattered over all, with this most rare and interesting 
 species. Local. 
 
 var. radicalis. Badical-fertile-spiked Livid Carex. 
 
 With the typical form, on the State marsh, Litchfield. Spikes two, one 
 staminate and one pistillate, on separate peduncles, both springing together 
 from the root ; that of the fertile spike nearly as long as the culm of the 
 sterile, erect. 
 
 Specimens of this variety are very scarce, perhaps two or three occurring 
 in a hundred of the regular species. The same variation has been observed 
 by Dr. Knieskern in the swamps about Manchester, N.J. June. July. 
 
 tetanica, SchJcuhr. Crooked-beaked Carex. 
 
 Swampy meadows. To be looked for on the upland marshes among the hill- 
 tops of south Herkimer county. Junius, Seneca county, Sartwell. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 woodii, Dewey. Discovered by W. A. Wood. 
 
 River-banks, shores. On an island in Perch lake, Wood: Crawe: Dewey. 
 Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Rare. June. 
 
 oligocarpa, Schkuhr. Few-fruited Carex. 
 
 Dry copses. Borders of sandy plains, Rome, Knieskern. Banks of Wood 
 creek between New-London and Oneida lake, Gray : Gram. $ Cyp. Penn- 
 Yan, Yates county , Sartwell in herb . Ham. Coll. Rare. June. 
 
 Hitchcockian a, Dewey. Dedicated to Edward Hitchcock. 
 
 Open woods. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray in Rare plants of 
 Northern N.Y.: Gram. Cyp. Auburn, Cayuga county, J. Carey. Penn- 
 Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Sandy grove-lands on the Ridge road near 
 Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, L. Holzer. Abundant south of Rochester, 
 Dewey. Infrequent, June, 
 
160 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 debilis, Michx. Weak-stemmed Car ex. 
 
 Damp woods, hills and hillsides. Abundant throughout the valley of the 
 Mohawk. On Frankfort hill near Wetmore’s pond. Site of old Fort Bull on 
 Wood creek, Rome, Vasey. Borders of streams near Oneida lake, Knieskern. 
 Common in the north woods, Lewis and north Herkimer counties. 
 
 A small form on the sides of Bald rock. Frequent. 
 
 var. (3 ; Boott. Long-sealed Weak-stemmed Carex. 
 
 Spicis 5 — 7 erectis, terminali mascula vel medio vel basi vel apice et 
 basi mascula, fcemineis linearibus angustis flosculis alternatim dispositis, 
 inferioribus saspe basi compositis ; perigyniis brevioribus, rostro rarius 
 scabro, squama oblongo-ovata obtusa vel acuminata acuta mutica ciliata 
 subaequilata longioribus. Hab. New-York, Sartwell. 
 
 Between a and /3 there are intermediate forms which insensibly unite them. 
 The specimens figured approach C. arctata; but the scales and the sessile 
 perigynium, with its acute base, at once distinguish them : F. Boott. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 glabra, Boott. Smooth Carex. 
 
 Woods and plains. 
 
 Spicis 4—5 oblongis vel cylindricis pedunculatis pallidis, terminali 
 apice vel basi vel apice et basi rarius omnino mascula, reliquis fcemineis 
 subdensifloris, superioribus approximate inferioribus longe exserte pe- 
 dunculatis nutantibus basi attenuatis laxifloris interdum compositis, infima 
 remota; bracteis vaginatis culmum subaequantibus ; stigmatibus 3; pe- 
 rigyniis triquetris turgidis lanceolato-ellipticis utrinque acutis vel rostellatis 
 glabris, ore bidentato, (laciniis acutis) nervatis nervis prominentibus pel- 
 lucide punctatis viridibus, squama ferruginea medio viridi nervata scabra 
 ovato-lanceolata acuta vel mucronata rarius obtusa ciliata latioribus sub- 
 duplo longioribus. (Tab. cclxxv.) Hab. In America Sept.; New-York. 
 Knieskern. 
 
 Culmus 1-5 — 2-g pedalis, apice setaceus, scaber; pars spicas gerens 
 4 — 9 poll, longa. Folia \ lin. lata, supra vaginaeque inferiores scabrius- 
 culae. Bracteae (nisi suprema) vaginatae, culmum subaequantes, vel infima 
 nunc eo brevior. Vagina infima sub 2 poll, longa, scabriuscula. Pe- 
 dunculi setacei, scabri, 2 — 3 poll, longi. Spicae 8 — 21 lin. longae, 2 lin. 
 latae. Squamae ferrugineae, medio viridi nervatae, scabrae : masculae lan- 
 ceolatae, obtusae, muticae, apice ciliatae : foemineae acutae vel obtusae, mu- 
 cronatae. Perigynium 2 T ^ — 3 lin. longum, — T 9 ^ lin. latum, bidenta- 
 tum, laciniis acutis (nec membranaceis), nervis usque ad apicem conspicuis. 
 Achenium 1 lin. longum, T 6 y lin. latum, ovali-triquetrum, stipitatum, basi 
 styli apiculatum, flavidum. 
 
 A C. oxylepide differt culmo, foliis pedunculisque glabris (nec pilosis) ; 
 perigyniis majoribus; squamis mucronatis ; spicis inferioribus nutantibus, 
 compositis. 
 
 A C. formosa differt spicis inferioribus, omnino fcemineis, etc. 
 
 A C. debili differt perigyniis rostellatis, ore acuta bidentato nec hyalino, 
 magis turgidis; nervis validioribus ; squamis firmioribus. 
 
 1 have received this species under the names of C. formosa and C. debilis. 
 The absence of the subelongate rostrum, and of the hyaline obtuse orifice, 
 separates it from C. debilis and its allies. It has hitherto escaped the notice 
 of American botanists, and its value as a species must be determined by 
 future observation : F. Boott. 
 
 Spicis distinctis cylindraceis pedunculatis ; terminali staminifera, inter- 
 dum ad apicem vel basin pistillifera, vel in medio ; spicis pistilliferis, 3-4, 
 sublaxifloris, bracteatis, inferne longo-pedunculatis et nutantibus; fructibus 
 tristigmaticis ovalibus subinflatis et inferne teretibus, superne conicis brevi- 
 rostratis, bidentatis glabris nervosis, squamam oblongam subacutam vel 
 lanceolatam multo superantibus; planta pallida et glabra. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 161 
 
 Culm 1-5 foot high, slender, erect, leafy toward the root; staminate 
 spike slender, sometimes with a few fruit at the apex, in the middle or at 
 the base ; pistillate spikes 3-4, cylindric, slender, rather loose-flowered, 
 on slender peduncles with sheathing bracts which equal the culm nearly ; 
 stigmas 3 ; fruit oval, tapering below and conic above, smooth and gla- 
 brous, nearly twice longer than the oblong acutish scale which is white 
 on the margin and green on the back : whole plant light green. 
 
 This plant is the well-known glabrous form of C. flexuosa, Schkuhr, the 
 C. debilis, Michaux, and blended with it, till Dr. Boott separated them in 
 1860 : Dewey in Sill. Jour. 
 
 The glabrous form of the old C. flexuosa ; this was extended to C. debilis, 
 Michaux, and then was remote from C. glabra , Boott : received from Rome 
 or Oriskany, Dewey. Local. June. 
 
 arctata, Boott. Contracted-beaked Carex. 
 
 Shady banks. Littlefalls, south side of the river below the town. Ravine- 
 bottoms and ridges, throughout the flats, and among the headwaters of 
 Starch-factory creek. Frankfort hill, copses and groves near bear-pond; 
 abundant on Jerusalem hill, bordering the cedar swamp of the State marsh; 
 wooded sides of Hidden and Cedar lakes; south Herkimer county. Banks of 
 Oriskany creek opposite the Dexter factories. Woodlands between Oriskany 
 and Rome. Beyond Rome, cleared land west of Fort Bull, with C>. Jlexilis. 
 Valley of Fish creek north of Taberg, above the cliffs. Occasional in the 
 north woods. Infrequent. May, June. 
 
 knieskernii, Dewey. Discovered by Knieskern. 
 
 Copses. Rome and Oriskany, from Knieskern, Dewey. In a shady field near 
 Fort Bull, Vasey. Local. June. 
 
 flexilis, Budge. Flexile Carex. 
 
 Low borders of woods. Litchfield, southwestern Herkimer county, Cedar 
 lake, on the moist sloping banks scattered with young evergreens; where it 
 was first observed in the United States, and received from the discoverer a far 
 better name, C. blepharophora, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. Old 
 Fort Bull on Wood creek, Knieskern : Vasey. Abundant still in the clearings 
 and swamps west of the fort and south of the Erie canal. 
 
 Rare. May, and early in June. 
 
 richardsonii, B. Brown. Dedicated to Richardson. 
 
 Dry woods, Parma, Monroe county, north side of the ridge, Bradley. Dis- 
 covered in this locality long before the expedition to British America, Dewey. 
 
 Rare. July. 
 
 torreyi, Tuckerman. Honorary to Torrey. 
 
 Spica mascula solitaria, fern. 2-3 incluse pedunculatis erectis, stigmatibus 
 3, fructibus subglobosis obovatis obtusis nervosis glabris rostello brevi in- 
 tegro mucronatis, squama acuta mucronata duplo longioribus, caule foliis 
 bracteis squamisque ad carinam pubescentibus. Hab. Nov. Ebor., Torr.! 
 in herb. Hook, (sub C. pallescente ) . Pedalis et sesquipedalis, omnino nisi 
 fructus pubescens ; Tuckerman Enum. Car. 
 
 Utica, Gray. Received from the central part of the State, Dewey. 
 
 Local. June, July. 
 
 crawei, Dewey, Discovered by Crawe. 
 
 Limestone rocks and banks. Guffin’s bay in Black river near Watertown, 
 Crawe. Dewey. At the mouth of Black river, Sackett’s-harbor, Vasey. Cedar 
 lake, Litchfield, south Herkimer county, south side, on moist marly slopes 
 under young arbor vitae. Barren spots of marl in the swamps of West-Bergen, 
 Genesee county. Rare. June, July. 
 
 scabrata, Schweinitz. Bough Carex. 
 
 Swamps, streams, cold bogs in meadows and woods, Common. June, July. 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
162 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 pallescens, L. Pale Carex. 
 
 Wet rocks and meadows. Common on the flats of the Mohawk. Trenton 
 falls, on rocks wet by the spray from the upper falls. Cliffs of Fish creek 
 above Taberg. Frequent. June. 
 
 LIMOSA, L. 
 
 Bog Carex. 
 
 Moss marshes. Litchfield, south Herkimer county, abundant on Hidden lake 
 and the State marsh of Jerusalem hill; sphagnum borders of Wetmore’s 
 pond, Frankfort hill. North pond, southwest of Boonville. Common in the 
 lake-marshes and mossy lowlands of the Northern wilderness. Frequent. 
 
 var. radicalis. Badical-fer tile- spiked Bog Carex. 
 
 Level bogs, round Wetmore’s sphagnum pond on Frankfort hill, south 
 Herkimer county. 
 
 An extremely rare state having two spikes only, the sterile at the top of 
 the naked erect stout culm, the fertile drooping at the end of a filiform ra- 
 dical peduncle four to nine inches long. 
 
 This is considered a variety, because the peduncles of both sterile and 
 fertile spikes rise together from the root. Many other species bear fertile 
 spikes on long peduncles nearly radical, in addition to their usual number 
 on short peduncles just beneath the staminaie; but these are regarded as 
 intermediate forms merely. June, July. 
 
 magellanica, Lamarck. From the Strait of Magellan. 
 
 Hab. In Europa et America septentrionali et australi. Lapland to Switzer- 
 land. Arctic America to Penn. I have adopted the name of Lamarck, as 
 I cannot see any specific distinction between the Fuegian and the European 
 and American plant; but I have described the last as the typical form : F. 
 Boott. C. irrigua, Wahl. Hopp. Smith. 
 
 Cold swamps. Arbor-vitae and tamarack borders of Mud lake; abundant 
 on the high marshes of Jordanville; south Herkimer county. Still lingering 
 about the station where it used to flourish in the days of the old Oriskany 
 swamp; over the south hill, in a sphagnum bog. Common in the Paris-hill 
 marsh. Throughout the swamps and swales of Rome. About Point of Rock 
 lake, and in all the moss-bogs of the northern part of the county. 
 
 In the mossy lowlands of the north woods a tall form abounds, few- 
 flowered and slender-fruited. 
 
 In the swamp beyond Fort Bull, Rome, the form having additional spikes 
 on long peduncles, nearly radical, occurs frequently. Rare. June. 
 
 Millet Carex. 
 
 Common. June. 
 
 miliacea, Muhlenberg. 
 
 Borders of streams, river-bottom meadows. 
 
 HYSTRICINA, Willd. 
 
 Ditches, water-sides. 
 
 Porcupine-fruited Carex. 
 
 Common. July. 
 
 pseudo-cyperus, L. Cyperus-liJce Carex. 
 
 Marshes, water-courses. North of Summit lake, Otsego county. Shady 
 mossy borders of Mud lake; abundant on the tamarack swamps of Jordan- 
 ville; sparingly at the head of Hidden lake, Litchfield; south Herkimer 
 county. Oriskany, raceway between the factories, Knieskern. In all the cold 
 bogs east of Fish creek, around Point of Rock lake, and through the nor- 
 thern part of the county. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 Scarce. July, August. 
 
 COMOSA, Boott. 
 
 Bogs in meadows. 
 
 Bristly-spiked Carex. 
 
 woods, swamps, and stream-sides 
 
 TRICHOCARPA, Muhl. 
 
 Banks of creeks, rivulets, low-lands, 
 var. (3, Boott. 
 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Hairy-fruited Carex. 
 Abundant. 
 Smooth-fruited Carex. 
 
 Perigyniis glabris, rostro ad margines laciniisque scabris; vaginis 
 Penn-Yan, Sartwell ; F. Boott. June, 
 
 scabris. 
 
 July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 163 
 
 lanuginosa, Michx. Woolly-fruited Car ex. 
 
 Wet meadows. Littlefalls. flats of the Mohawk, south side of the river 
 above the town. Dexter. Jefferson county, Vasey. Western part of the State, 
 Gray Gram. § Cyp. Yates county, Sartwell. Infrequent. June. 
 
 filiformts, L. Filiform-leaved Carex. 
 
 Cold marshes, banks, shores. Summit lake, northern Otsego county. About 
 Mud lake; on the tamarack swamps between Page’s corners and Jordanville, 
 Warren; around Cedar lake; common on Hidden lake; State swamp near 
 Jerusalem hill, Litchfield; south Herkimer county. Swamps just over the 
 ridge along the head of Oneida lake. Bogs and lake-shores of the north 
 woods. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 Nerved-striote Carex. 
 Western counties, Torrey FI. N.Y. Near Ori- 
 
 STRIATA, Michx. 
 
 Swamps and low grounds 
 skany, Vasey. On an island in Lake Sanford, Essex county, Knieskern. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 retrorsa, Schweinitz. Recur ved-fruited Carex. 
 
 Wet meadows, marshes. Around the lakes, and in all the cold swamps on 
 the hills southward. Throughout the flats of the Mohawk. 
 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 schweinitz ii, Dewey. Complimentary to Schweinitz. 
 
 Low rivulet -sides, flats of streams, cedar swamps. Sparingly at Oriskany, 
 in marshy grounds along the railroad; and between Oriskany creek and the 
 raceway. Bridgewater, and swamps in the southern partof the county, Gray. 
 Common in the limestone region, from beyond Frankfort hill to Cedar lake, 
 in all rivulet-banks, meadows, ravine-bottoms, swamps; also in the great 
 swamp at Cedarville; south Herkimer county. Rare. June. 
 
 mirata, Dewey. Admirable Carex. 
 
 Cold marshes. Discovered in June 1829, in Greece, Monroe county, on tho 
 banks of a small stream, by Dr. S. B. Bradley. The station was destroyed 
 soon after; and the plant has not been rediscovered by most diligent search 
 up the stream and down its length to the Lake, or by thorough exploration 
 of the whole region. Local. June. 
 
 longirostris, Torrey. Long-beaJced Carex. 
 
 Dry banks. Littlefalls, two miles below the town, among the shaded rocks 
 near the end of the north cliff. Fish creek, Rome, above the crossing of the 
 Oswego county road, in thickets along the banks. Below the bridge, Vasey. 
 Vienna, Knieskern. Scarce. Early in June. 
 
 vaseyi, Dewey. Honorary to Vasey. 
 
 Wet banks. 
 
 I find in Tuckerman’s herb, specimens associated with C. monile from 
 Penn-Yan (the C. monile No. 152 of Sartwell’s Collection), which do 
 not agree with the original description of C. monile , or with the Ohio 
 specimens from which that description was made. They approach in aspect 
 C. vesicaria ; but differ from it, and from C. monile , in having a long 
 cylindric serrated rostrum, an oblong-ovate perigynium, with elongated 
 sharp rough lacinias : F. Boott. 
 
 These specimens were C. vaseyi , as are all gathered at Penn-Yan by 
 Sartwell , Dewey. Rare. July. 
 
 hartii, Dewey. Discovered by S. Hart Wright. 
 
 Spikes extremely variable : the sterile sometimes wanting, usually single, 
 often two or three, frequently with fruit scattered along its sides or with 
 a cluster of perigynia at its base, rarely both, the highest one longest and 
 all slender-cylindric, with linear scales : the fertile, short cylindric, two 
 to seven in number, commonly four; the upper one or two sessile with 
 long leafy bracts, sometimes interrupted by staminate flowers or wholly 
 
164 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 sterile at the end, closely fruited ; middle ones oblong, short-pedunculate, 
 often two or more springing from the same sheathing bract ; the lowest 
 on very long peduncles five to ten inches in length, rising from leaves 
 near the root, recurved, loose-flowered particularly at base, staminiferous 
 at summit occasionally. Stigmas three. Perigynia ovoid or conical, tapering 
 into a long beak ending in diverging teeth, all spreading or somewhat 
 retrorse, three or four times longer than the small lanceolate scale. Culm 
 one to three feet high, erect, smooth nearly to the top. Bracts, sheaths 
 long and narrow ; the lower stem leaves extremely prolonged, sometimes 
 twice the length of the culm ; all only two or three lines wide, very 
 scabrous on margin, and deeply striate with noded nerves. 
 
 Low grounds. Dundee, Yates county, S. H. Wright ; Ludlowville, Tomp- 
 kins county, H.B.Lord; along Seneca lake, Dewey. Abundant in the 
 southwestern part of the State. 
 
 var. bradleyi, Dewey , Discovered by S. B. Bradley. 
 
 Smaller, the whole plant more slender and graceful. Staminate spikes 
 simple, the stamens less scattered on fertile spikes. Perigynia shorter and 
 narrower, with comparatively larger scales. 
 
 Along streams. Greece, Monroe county, Bradley. Found in searching for 
 C. mirata. Near Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. July. 
 
 riparia, Goodenough. Lake-shore Carex. 
 
 Marshes along streams, lakes. Abundant on the flats of the Mohawk, 
 throughout its length; and occasionally ascending its creeks and head- 
 streams. Near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Frequent. May, June. 
 
 aristata, R. Brown. Bearded-leaved Car ex. 
 
 River-banks. Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray in Rare plants of 
 Northern N.Y.: Torrey Cyp. Brook-side between Watertown and Adams, 
 Jefferson county, Vasey. Local. June. 
 
 utriculata, Boott. Leather n-hottle-fruited Carex. 
 
 Banks and shores. Abundant. 
 
 var. sparsiflora, Dewey. Loose-flowering Carex. 
 
 Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Dewey. Local, 
 
 var. minor, Sartwell. Smaller Leathern-bottle-fruited Carex. 
 
 Omnibus partibus minoribus, F. Boott. 
 
 Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell ; Ludlowville, Tompkins county, H.B. 
 Lord. Sent from Jefferson county by Crawe , Dewey. Rare. June -August. 
 
 ampullacea, Good. Flask-fruited Carex. 
 
 Level marshy borders of an elevated pond at the east end of Bald rock, 
 north of Third lake, north Herkimer county. Borders of Cedar lake, south 
 Herkimer county. Rare. July. 
 
 monile, Tuckerman. Necklace-fruiting Carex. 
 
 Bogs and water-sides. Southern Lewis county, and about a mile south of 
 Boonville, near the canal, around pools, Knieskern. Rare. June, July. 
 
 tuckermani, Boott. Discovered by Tuckerman. 
 
 Low meadows, shady stream-sides. Common. July. 
 
 vesicaria, L. Bladder fruited Carex. 
 
 Swamps of the north woods near Third lake, Herkimer county. 
 
 Rare. July, August. 
 
 BULLATA, SchJcuhr. Bubble-fruited Carex. 
 
 Meadows, on the flats of the Mohawk river; at Littlefalls, and westward. 
 Occasionally in upland marshes. Scarce. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 165 
 
 physema, Dewey. Inflated-fruited Carex. 
 
 Swamps. Utica, Rome, Knieskern. New-London and Bridgewater, Gray. 
 Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Infrequent. June. 
 
 oligosperma, Michaux. Few-seeded Carex. 
 
 Cold marshes. Oneida lake, Knieskern. Bogs in the sphagnum swales six 
 miles west of Rome. South-Trenton, in abundance. Common in the beaver 
 meadows, swamps, and pond-borders of north Herkimer and Hamilton 
 counties. Rare. June - August. 
 
 GKAMINEiE. 
 
 LEERSIA, Solander. 
 oryzoides, Swartz. 
 
 "Water-sides, low sandy shores. 
 
 yirginica, Willdenow. 
 Marshes, moist woods. 
 
 Grasses. 
 
 Cut-grass. White Grass. 
 Rice-like Leersia. 
 Common. August, September. 
 
 Virginian Leersia. 
 Infrequent. August. 
 
 ZIZANIA, Gronovius. Indian Rice. 
 
 aquatica, L. Water Zizania. 
 
 River and lake marshes. Lowlands of the Mohawk. Borders of Oneida lake, 
 Knieskern . Abundant round Onondaga lake. Oswego river, Eaton bot. Com- 
 mon in all the bays, inlets, marshes on the shore of Lake Ontario, from 
 several miles northeast of Oswego, through Sodus bay and the mouth of 
 Genesee river, to Braddock’s bay, Monroe county. 
 
 Frequent. August, September. 
 
 ALOPECURUS, L. Foxtail Grass. 
 
 GENICULATUS , L. Floating, Jointed Alopecurus. 
 
 Wet meadows. Between Albany and Kenwood, G. H. Peck. Oriskany creek, 
 in pools above the factories Pleasant-valley, Vasey. Penn-Yan, l r ates coun- 
 ty, Sartwell. Rare. July. , 
 
 aristulatus, Michaux. Short-bearded Alopecurus. 
 
 Flats of streams. Littlefalls, below the town. Borders of Canaderaga lake 
 outlet, Otsego county. Along Wood creek near Fort Bull, Rome, Knieskern. 
 Common in the valley of the Unadilla, Gray ; western part of the State, 
 Gram. # Cyp. Shore of Lake Ontario on Sodus point, Wayne county. Penn- 
 Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Infrequent. June. 
 
 PHLEUM, L. 
 
 PRAT E NS E, L. 
 
 Waysides, borders of fields, grass lands. 
 
 Timothy. Herd's- grass. 
 Meadow Phleum. 
 Common. June. 
 
 YILFA, Adanson. Rush Grass. 
 
 vaginasflora, Torrey. Sheath-flowering Vilfa. 
 
 Barren banks. Watertown, Jefferson county, Gray in Rare plants of Northern 
 N.York. Abundant along the sandy shore of Sodus bay, inside the point, 
 Wayne county. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. September. 
 
 SPOROBOLUS, R. Brown. Drop-seed Grass. 
 
 heterolepis, Gray. Unequal- glumed Sporobolus. 
 
 Dry soil of cliffs. 
 
 Foliis setaceis ; panicula pyramidata, sparsiflora ; gluma inferiore subuli- 
 formi, superiore ovata, cuspidata, subduplo breviori ; valvulis periantho 
 subaequalibus, muticis, gluma extima paulo minori. 
 
 Root perennial. Culm 1 - 2 feet in height, smooth. Leaves convolute- 
 
166 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 setaceous, with the margins hispidly scabrous upward ; the lower ones 
 equalling the culm ; the upper ones much shorter. Lower sheaths pilose ; 
 upper ones smooth. Panicle pyramidal, spreading or subcontracted ; 
 branches solitary, nearly simple, few and loosely flowered. Glumes pur- 
 plish ; the outer one reduced to a subula, about one-half the length of 
 the inner one, which is strikingly membranaceous in texture, ovate or 
 ovate-oblong, one-nerved, with the nerve produced into a short cusp. 
 Valves of the perianth oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, thin and mem- 
 branaceous, a little shorter than the superior glume. Inferior valve ob- 
 scurely one-nerved, slightly apiculate. Superior valve two-nerved, a little 
 shorter than the outer one. Stamens 3. Anthers large, linear, orange-red. 
 Stigmas 2, hairy. Styles very short. Caryopsis subglobose, coriaceous, 
 smooth and shining. 
 
 Hab. On rocks, Watertown, Jefferson county, Dr. Crawe : Gray in Rare 
 plants of Northern N.Y. Rare. August, September. 
 
 Cryptandrus, Gray. Hidden-flowered Sporobolus. 
 
 Panicle pyramidal, the base usually inclosed in the upper sheath, with 
 spreading mostly alternate branches, which are hairy in the axils ; spike- 
 lets racemose ; flowers awnless ; lower glume very short ; the upper one 
 as long as the nearly equal lanceolate acute paleas ; sheaths bearded at the 
 throat : Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. FI. N. Y. 
 
 Sandy wastes. Shores of Onondaga lake, along the west side. Abundant 
 on the beaches of Lake Ontario, from Sodus point, Wayne ocunty, to Brad- 
 dock’s bay, Monroe county. Rare. August - October. 
 
 serotinus, Gray. Late-flowering Sporobolus. 
 
 Moist banks. Shady water-sides at the head of Sodus bay, Wayne county. 
 
 Rare. September. 
 
 AGROSTIS, L. Bent-grass. 
 
 perennans, Tuckerman. Perennial Agrostis. 
 
 Damp shady woodlands. Half-open places in all deep arbor-vita?, swamps. 
 On the flats of the Mohawk, and the hills of the southern part of this county 
 and south Herkimer county. Near Bridgewater, Gray. Frequent in the north 
 woods. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. August. 
 
 scabra, Willdenow. Hair-grass. Rough-panicled Agrostis. 
 
 Old fields, rocky woods, barren hillsides, dried swamps. Common at Little- 
 falls, and on the south range of hills. Woods of north Herkimer county. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 var. Montana, Tuckerman. Mountain-side Agrostis. 
 
 Exposed rocks. Bald rock, north of Third lake, in short tufts or turfs in 
 the hollows of the surface : leaves very short, setaceous. Rare. August. 
 
 vulgaris, Withering. Common Agrostis. 
 
 Meadows, fields, banks. Native near Oneida lake, Gray in herb. Sartwell 
 Ham. Coll. Shore of Lake Ontario, at Sackett’s-harbor, Gray. Frequent 
 along the south side of the Lake, on sandbanks and ridges. 
 
 Everywhere naturalized. August. 
 
 ALBA, L. White-panicled Agrostis. 
 
 Low grass-lands, swamps. Abundant. July. 
 
 var. ARISTATA, Gray. Awned Agrostis . 
 
 Sandy fields, near Oneida lake, Knieskern. Sandy field near the outlet of 
 Oneida lake, Torrey FI. N .Y. Uncommon. June. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 167 
 
 CINNA, L. 
 
 arundinacea, L. Reed-like Cinna. 
 
 Inundated shady banks of streams, lakes. Along the Mohawk and its head 
 streams. Outlets of lakes in the western parts of the State. 
 
 Sometimes in swamps. Abundant in the marshes on the west side of On- 
 ondaga lake. August, September. 
 
 var. pendula, Gh'ay. Drooping flowered Cinna. 
 
 Cold damp woods. Frequent in the high woodlands on the hills south of the 
 Mohawk valley, from Summit lake, Otsego county, to Hidden lake, south 
 Herkimer county. Oriskany swamp, formerly, Vasey. Trenton falls, Gray. 
 Alexandria bay, St. Lawrence county, G. W. Clinton. Rare. August. 
 
 MUHLENBERGrIA, Schreber. Dr opseed- grass. Muhlenbergias. 
 
 SOBOLIFERA, Cray. Shoot-bearing-rooted Muhlenbergia. 
 
 Hilly woods. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. August, September. 
 
 GLOMERATA, Trinius. Clustered-spiked Muhlenbergia. 
 
 Swamps. Abundant in all the upland marshes from Summit lake, Otsego 
 county, to Hidden lake, Litchfield, south Herkimer county. Bridgewater 
 region, Gray. Sandy plains, Oneida county, Knieskern. Frequent. August. 
 
 mexicana, Trinius. Mexica?i Muhlenbergia. 
 
 Low banks of streams, meadows, fields, hedges. Common. August. 
 
 sylyatica, Torrey fy Gray. Woodland Muhlenbergia. 
 
 Borders of woods, open swamps. Abundant. August. 
 
 willdenovii, Trinius. Determined by Willdenow. 
 
 Rocks and hillsides. Shady banks below the cliffs at Bignose point on the 
 Mohawk, Montgomery county. Along the stony sides of cliffs and brows of 
 precipices at Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Sheldrake point, Cayuga lake, 
 Gray. Yates county, Sartwell. Frequent. August. 
 
 diffusa, Schreber. Dropseed. Spreading Muhlenbergia. 
 
 Dry woods and fields. Sandy plains between Albany and Schenectady. Open 
 rocky steeps at Spraker’s, Montgomery county. Dry cliffs of Fish creek. 
 Yates county, Sartwell. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauvois. 
 aristatum, Beauv. 
 
 Ravine-sides, rocky woods and hills 
 
 Awned Br achy elyt rum. 
 Frequent. June, July. 
 
 CALAMAGROSTIS, Adanson. Blue-joint. 
 
 canadensis, Beauvois. Canadian Calamagrostis. 
 
 Marshes. Abundant on the hills south of the Mohawk valley. The grass of 
 the beaver meadows of the north woods. Common. July, August. 
 
 confinis, Nuttall. Close-flowered Calamagrostis. 
 
 Swamps. In abundance near Penn-Y'an, l r ates county, Sartwell. 
 
 From the lowest sheaths of primary leaves of the usual width arise clusters 
 of remarkablylong filiform involute leaves, two feet in length, reaching nearly 
 to the panicle. Rare. July, August. 
 
 arenaria, Roth. Sand-reed Calamagrostis . 
 
 Barren beaches. Abundant on the shore of Lake Ontario, over the long bars 
 against Round pond, Long pond, Cranberry pond and Braddock’s bay, Mon- 
 roe county; covering the ridges of clear sand, with Cyperus schweinitzii. 
 
 Local. July -r September 
 
168 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ORYZOPSIS, Michaux. Mountain Rice. 
 
 melanocarpa, Muhlenberg. Black-fruited Oryzopsis. 
 
 Gulf- sides, rocky banks. In copses along the steep sidehills above Bignose 
 point on the Mohawk, and among shaded talus of the cliffs themselves, 
 Montgomery county. Rocky woods at Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Around 
 Oneida lake, Gray. Ravine of Chittenango creek. Frequent. August. 
 
 asperifolia, Michaux. Rough-leaved Oryzopsis. 
 
 Shady sandy sidehills. Abundant. May. 
 
 canadensis, Torrey. Canadian Oryzopsis. 
 
 Sandy barrens. Pine plains of Rome, Knieskern. Near Oneida lake. New- 
 York, Gray Gram. $ Gyp. Yates county, Sartwell. Rare. May, June. 
 
 ARISTIDIA, L. Poverty- grass. Three- awned- grass. 
 
 dichotoma, Michaux. Base-branching Aristidia. 
 
 Sandy plains, dry hillsides. Barren fields in Rotterdam, Schenectady county, 
 E. W. Paige. On the pine plains of Rome probably. Infrequent. July. 
 
 SPARTINA, Schreber. Marsh Grass. 
 
 cynosuroides, Willdenow. Cynosurus-like Spartina. 
 
 Lake marshes. Watertown, Jefferson county, on the rocky banks of Black 
 river; Oneida lake; Gray. Onondaga lake, all round. Cayuga marshes. Ca- 
 nandaigua lake, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Scarce. August -October. 
 
 strict a, Roth. Salt-marsh Grass. 
 
 var. alterniflora, Gray. Alternate-flowering Spartina. 
 Banks and marshes of Onondaga lake, chiefly along the west side. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 ELEUSINE, Gcertner. Yard- grass. 
 
 IN DIC A, Gsert. Indian Eleusine. 
 
 Around dwellings. Waterloo, Seneca county, Sartwell. July- September. 
 
 LEPTOCHLOA, Beauvois. 
 
 fascicularis, Gray. Clustered-flowered Leptochloa. 
 
 Abundant at Salina, and on the springy slopes southeastward along the banks 
 of Onondaga lake : short and spreading over wet shores, but erect and tall 
 in grassy marshes. Rare. August - October. 
 
 DACTYLIS, L. 
 
 GLOMERATA , L. 
 Fields, in shade. 
 
 Orchard Grass. 
 Clustered-fruited Dactylis. 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 EATONIA, Rafnesque. 
 
 obtusata, Gray. Obtuse- glumed Eatonia. 
 
 Damp places in woods and fields, Oneida county, Knieskern. Western part of 
 the State, Gram, fy Cyp.: Seneca lake, Gray. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. 
 Ham. Coll. 
 
 A small form is occasional in deep shady swamps. Scarce. June, July. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Gray. Pennsylvanian Eatonia. 
 
 Moist banks. Borders of marshes on the shore of Lake Ontario. 
 
 Occasionally. July - September. 
 
 var. major, Torrey. Greater Pennsylvanian Eatonia. 
 
 Wet woods and borders of swamps. Frequent. June, July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 169 
 
 GLYCERIA, R. Brown. Manna Grass. 
 
 canadensis, Trinius. Canadian Glyceria. 
 
 Swamps. Near Oriskany, Knieskern. High bogs of Bridgewater; and Brook- 
 field, Madison county, Gray. Western part of the State, Gram • <§r Cyp. Ju- 
 nius, Seneca county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 elongata, Trinius. Long-panicled Ghjceria. 
 
 Borders of woods and swamps. Throughout the valley of the Mohawk. 
 Common in the southern part of the county, Gray. Western part of the State, 
 Gram. § Cyp. Frequent. June, July. 
 
 nervata, Trinius. Nerved- flowered Glyceria. 
 
 Wet meadows, rivulet-sides, swamps. Common. June. 
 
 pallida, Trinius. Pale-flowered Glyceria. 
 
 Water-margins, wet hanks. Borders of Canaderaga lake outlet, Richfield 
 and Exeter, Otsego county. Wood creek, near New-London, Knieskern. 
 Abundant on the shore of Oneida lake, Torrey FI. N .Y. Western part of the 
 State of New-Y^ork, Gray Gram. fy Cyp. Gorham. Seneca county, Sartwell 
 in herb. Ham. Coll. Infrequent. July, August. 
 
 AQUATICA, Smith. 
 Low meadows. 
 
 Water Glyceria. 
 Abundant. July, August. 
 
 fluitans, R. Brown. 
 Borders of ponds, streams. 
 
 Floating Glyceria. 
 Infrequent. June -August. 
 
 acutiflora, Torrey. Sharp-flowered Glyceria . 
 
 Wet woods and shores. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. 
 Coll. Rare. June, July. 
 
 POA, L. 
 
 ANNUA , L. 
 
 Fields, waysides. 
 
 Meadow Grass. 
 Annual Poa. 
 Common. May - September. 
 
 brevifolia, Muhlenberg. Short-leaved Poa. 
 
 Moist rocky places. Western part of the State, Sartwell, Torrey FI. N .¥' 
 Penn-Yan, Y'ates county, Sartwell. Rare. April, May. 
 
 alsodes, Gray. Woodland Poa. 
 
 Shady hillsides. Around Bald rock, north Herkimer county, and abundant 
 on damp shaded banks of springs throughout the north woods. Utica, Gray 
 Gram, fy Cyp. Bridgewater, Gray. Moist rocky hanks of Fish creek, and on 
 wooded talus between the cliffs and the stream. Penn-l'an, Yates county, 
 Sartwell. Infrequent. June. 
 
 debilts, Torrey. Weak-stemmed Poa. 
 
 Rocky banks. Watertown, Jefferson county, Knieskern : Penn-Yan, Yates 
 county, Sartwell, in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. May, June. 
 
 serotina, Ehrhart. 
 
 Wet meadows. 
 
 TRIVIA LIS, L. 
 
 Low grass-lands. 
 
 PRATE NS IS, L. 
 
 Shady fields and flats of ravines. 
 
 Late-flowering Poa. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 Roadside Poa. 
 
 Occasionally in abundance. July. 
 
 Meadow Poa. 
 Common. May - July. 
 
 compressa, L. Flat-stemmed Poa. 
 
 Dry banks. Sometimes on elevations in deep cedar swamps. 
 
 Copiipon, Jupe - August, 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 II 
 
170 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 ERAGROSTIS, Beauvois. 
 
 reptans, Nees von Esenbeck. Creeping Eragrostis. 
 
 Banks of streams, lakes. Wood and Oneida creeks, Knieskern. Abundant 
 over low sandy shores all along the head of Oneida lake. Cayuga lake, Gray. 
 Potter, Yates county, Sartwell. Penfield, L. Holzer ; Greece, Monroe county, 
 Bradley. Frequent on the beaches of Lake Ontario, from Sodus point, 
 Wayne county, to Braddock’s bay, Monroe county. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 POJEOIDES, Beauvois. Boa-like Eragrostis . 
 
 Sandy or gravelly places, Oriskany, Knieskern. Penn-Yan, Yates county, 
 Sartwell. Rare. July, August. 
 
 var. MEGASTACHYA, Gray. Large-spiked Eragrostis. 
 
 Sandy fields, banks. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Gray. Western part of the 
 State, Gram. § Cyp. Scarce. August, September. 
 
 CAPiLLARis, Nees. Capillary -panicled Eragrostis. 
 
 Hillsides, dry banks. Western part of the State, Gray Gram. <§r Cyp. Sterile 
 fields alongClyde river, Wayne county. Bluff point, Crooked lake, Sartxoell. 
 
 Frequent. August. 
 
 FESTUCA, L. Fescue-grass. 
 
 tenella, Willdenow. Slender Festuca. 
 
 Barren soils. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Monroe county, C. M. 
 Booth. Uncommon. July. 
 
 OVINA, Gray. Sheep Festuca. 
 
 var. DURIUSCULA, Gray. Hard Festuca. 
 
 Dry banks. Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Sandy fields near Irondequoit 
 bay, C. M. Booth. Rare. June, July. 
 
 ELATIOR , L. Tall Festuca. 
 
 Borders of fields, low river-banks. Common. June, July. 
 
 nutans, Willdenow. Nodding Festuca. 
 
 Borders of woods. Abundant at Littlefalls, in shady rocky hillsides. Utica, 
 Gray Gram, fy Cyp. On the hills south of the Mohawk valley. Frequent. 
 
 A depauperate form, bearing a slender instead of a branching panicle, 
 occurs in cold cedar swamps. July. 
 
 BROMUS, L. 
 
 SEC ALIN US, L. Bye Bromus. 
 
 Cultivated grounds, borders of fields. Common. July. 
 
 RACEMOSUS, L. Raceme-panicled Bromus. 
 
 Roadsides, between New-Hartford and Paris hill. Uncommon. July. 
 
 KALMii, Gray. Kalm’s Bromus. 
 
 Banks of the Mohawk and Fish creek, Knieskern. Utica, Gray. Along the 
 Black river at Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Shores of the lake, Seneca 
 county. Gray. Infrequent. June, July. 
 
 CILTAtus, L. Fringed-Jlowered Bromus. 
 
 Stream-sides, rocky banks. Ravine of Ilion creek. Trenton falls. Sometimes 
 in shady swamps. Frequent. July, August. 
 
 STERILIS, L. Barren Bromus. 
 
 Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. July. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 171 
 
 PHRAOMITES, Trinius. Reed. 
 
 communis, Trin. Common Phragmites. 
 
 Swamps, lake marshes. On the pine plains of Schenectady , Pearson. Summit 
 lake, Otsego county. Oriskany. Knieskern. Common throughout the Cayuga 
 marshes. Western part of the State, Gram, fy Cyp.: head of Senea lake, 
 Gray. Foot of Crooked lake, Sartwell. In all bays and marshes along the 
 shore of Lake Ontario. Abundant in the swamp of WestBergen, Genesee 
 county. Frequent. August, September. 
 
 LOLIUM, L. Darnel . 
 
 PERENNE , L Perennial Lolium. 
 
 Meadows, pastures. Borders of fields on the flats of the Mohawk. Geneva, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. June. 
 
 TEMULENTUM , L. Injurious- fruited Lolium. 
 
 Among the rocks at Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Infrequent. July. 
 
 TRITICUM, L. Wheat-grass. 
 
 VULGARE , Villars. Common Wheat. 
 
 Banks of the Mohawk. Embankments of the Central railroad. 
 
 Escapes frequently. July. 
 
 RE PE NS, L. Creeping Triticum. 
 
 Rich meadows, fields, barren and waste places. Common. 
 
 yar. nemorale, Anderson. Woodland Triticum. 
 
 Thickets. On the verge of high cliffs along the Mohawk east of Spraker’s, 
 
 Montgomery county. Shaded upright steeps of Fall hill, Littlefalls, Herki- 
 mer county. Apparently native. Scarce. June - August. 
 
 caninum, L. Bearded Triticum. 
 
 Rocky banks. Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Watertown, Jefferson county. 
 Fields. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Swamps. Sparingly at West-Bergen, Genesee county. Infrequent. July. 
 
 HORDEUM, L. 
 
 VULGARE, L. 
 
 Borders of fields, railroad banks. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Many-rowed, Common Barley. 
 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 SECALE, L. 
 
 CE REALE, L. 
 
 Remains in old cultivated fields, 
 
 ELYMUS, L. 
 
 VIRGINICUS, L. 
 
 Low flats of the Mohawk. Lake marshes. 
 
 Rye. 
 
 Cereal Secale. 
 Often. June, July. 
 
 Wild Rye. 
 Virginian Elymus. 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 CANADENSIS, L. Canadian Elymus. 
 
 River-sides. Swamps on the hills south of the Mohawk valley. Abundant, 
 yar. glaucifolius, Gray. Pale-leaved Elymus. 
 
 Shores. Borders of Seneca lake, Gray. Yates county, Sartwell. 
 
 July, August. 
 
 striatus, Willdenow. Striate- stemmed Elymus. 
 
 Dry gravelly banks of streams. Oneida county, Knieskern. 
 
 var. villosus, Gray. Villose-jlowered Elymus. 
 
 Rocky hillsides. Bridgewater, Gray. Western part of the State, Gram, fy 
 Cyp. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell. Scarce. July 
 
172 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 GrYMNOSTICHUM, Sch^eber. Bottle-brush Grass. 
 
 hystrix, Schreb. Porcupine Gymnostichum. 
 
 Shady rocks and banks. Abundant in low grounds on the hills near Page’s 
 corners, south Herkimer county. Littlefalls; and along the Mohawk. Deep 
 ravine-sides, frequent. July? August. 
 
 AIRA, L. Hair-grass. 
 
 FLExuosA, L Bending Aira. 
 
 Rocks and dry sandy plains. Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Rome, Knieskern. 
 Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Western part of the State, Gray Gram.fy 
 Cyp. Outlet of Crooked lake, abundant, Sartwell. Frequent. June. 
 
 clespitosa, L. Tufted Aira. 
 
 Rocky river-banks, lake shores. Pine plains between Albany and Schenec- 
 tady. Watertown, Jefferson county, Gray Gram, fy Cyp. Dexter, Vasey. 
 West-Canada creek, Fairfield. Herkimer county ; on the banks of the Mohawk 
 below Utica; Gray. Crooked lake outlet, in a few localities, Sartwell. Along 
 the shore of Lake Ontario. Abundant in the dry marl along the southern 
 border of the West-Bergen swamp, Genesee county. Rare. July. 
 
 DANTHONIA, DC. 
 
 spicata, Beauvois. 
 
 Sany plains, dry hillsides, pine and hemlock woods. 
 
 Wild Oat-grass. 
 Spicate Danthonia. 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 TRISETUM, Persoon. 
 
 SUBSPICATUM, Beauvois. 
 
 var. molle, Gray. Downy Trisetum. 
 
 Sandy shores of the lakes, rocky river-sides. Borders of Irondequoit bay, 
 of Lake Ontario, Monroe county, L.Holzer: C. M . Booth. Lake shore, Jef- 
 ferson county, Crawe : Gray. Littlefalls, Herkimer county, Gray Gram. Sf 
 Cyp. 
 
 The station of both this and the following species was on the rocky banks 
 of islands in the river, above the town. They could not have been native 
 here : they belong northward and west, and must have come down the Mo- 
 hawk and had the Great Lakes for their source. Many similar indications of 
 the flora our valley confirm the testimony of the rocks, that in some remote 
 geological period it has been an outlet of the Lakes, or a channel of retreat- 
 ing waters. Rare. July. 
 
 PALustre, Torrey. Marsh Trisetum. 
 
 Shores and low meadows. Little falls of the Mohawk, Gray. Ithaca, Tomp- 
 kins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. June. 
 
 AVENA, L. Oat. 
 
 striata, Michaux. Striate- sheathed Arena. 
 
 Shady rocks, ravine-sides, banks of streams. Chiefly among the hills, both 
 north and south of the Mohawk. Littlefalls. Near Wood creek, Knieskern. 
 Gulf of Chittenango creek. Frequent. July. 
 
 SAT IV A, L. 
 
 Railroads, field-borders, wood roads. 
 
 Common Oat. Sown Arena. 
 Self-sown often. June, July. 
 
 HOLCUS, L. 
 
 LA NAT US, L. 
 
 Moist banks. 
 
 ANTHOXANTIIUM, L. 
 ODORATUM, L. 
 
 Roadsides, damp pastures. 
 
 Velvet-grass. 
 Downy Holcus . 
 Occasional and transient. June. 
 
 Vernal-grass. 
 Fragrant Anthoxanthum. 
 Common. May - August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 173 
 
 PHALARIS, L. 
 
 ARUNDINACEA, L. 
 
 Banks of streams, rivers, lakes. 
 
 Canary-grass. 
 Reed-like Phalaris. 
 Frequent. July. 
 
 Millet-grass. 
 
 MILIUM, L. 
 
 EFFESUM, L. 
 
 Borders of swamps, banks of streams. Utica; Bridgewater; Gray. Oriskany, 
 Knieskern. Potter, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. June. 
 
 Scattered Milium. 
 
 PANICUM, L. 
 
 FILIFORME, L. 
 
 Panic-grass. 
 Filiform Panicum. 
 
 Sandy shore of Lake Ontario, from Sodus point to Braddock’s bay. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 GLABRUM , Gaudin. Glabrous Panicum. 
 
 Barren sandy fields and banks. Common in uncultivated fields on sandy hills 
 east of Black river. Lewis county. Banks of the Erie canal, Knieskern. 
 Shores of Oneida lake. Damp bluffs along Lake Ontario. 
 
 Frequent. August, September. 
 
 SANGUINALE, L. Finger-grass. Blood-stained Panicum. 
 
 Waste grounds, roadsides, streets. Common. August - October. 
 
 proliferum, Lamarck. Proliferous Panicum. 
 
 Lake marshes. Borders of Oneida lake, Knieskern. Salina, Onondaga coun- 
 ty, G. W. Clinton. Infrequent. August, September. 
 
 capillare, L. Capillary -panicled Panicum. 
 
 Cultivated fields, sandy copses. Common. 
 
 A depauperate form, one to three inches high, not branched at base but 
 standing upright, bearing short narrow leaves and a close few-flowered pa- 
 nicle, grows in exsiccated swamps. 
 
 An intermediate form occurs on low shores. August. 
 
 virgatum, L. Virgate-panicled Panicum. 
 
 Sandy shores. On an island in Oneida lake, Knieskern in herb. Sartwell 
 Ham. Coll. Borders of Cayuga marshes, Seneca county. Banks of Clyde 
 river, Ontario county. Rare. August. 
 
 latifolium, L. Broad-leaved Panicum. 
 
 Moist woods, hillsides, banks of streams. Common. June - August. 
 
 clandestine^!, L. Clandstine-flowering Panicum. 
 
 Damp thickets, shady ravine-bottoms. Frequent. 
 
 var. pedunculatum, Gray. Pedunculate Panicum. 
 
 Under the cliffs at Littlefalls, Herkimer county. Penn-Yan, Yates county, 
 Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. July, August. 
 
 xanthophysem, Gray. Yellow-natured Panicum. 
 
 Culmo ( simplici aut basi ramoso) panicula foliisque glabris ; vaginis 
 villosis, foliis lato-lanceolatis valde nervosis acutissimis, basi ciliatis ; 
 panicula simpliciuscula pauciflora, ramis erectis vel adpressis ; spiculis 
 globoso-obovatis pubescentibus ; gluma inferiore flosculis subduplo bre- 
 viore, superiore eosdem aequante 9-nervi; flore masculo bivalvi herma- 
 phroditum glabrum obovatum subaequante : Gray Gram, fy Cyp. 
 
 Whole plant light green, becoming yellowish in drying. Root perennial. 
 Culm simple or branching from the base, 12-15 inches high, glabrous. 
 Leaves broad-lanceolate, 3 — 6 inches in length, 4 — 6 lines broad, acute, 
 strongly nerved, ciliate at the base. Sheaths villose, shorter than the joints. 
 
174 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Peduncles elongated when old. Panicle sub-simple, few-flowered, with the 
 branches appressed, nearly smooth ; spikelets globose-obovate, as large as 
 in P. latifolium. Glumes pubescent; the inferior one oblong, acutish, 
 3-nerved, about half the length of the 9-nerved superior one. Abortive 
 floret staminiferous, 2-valved ; inferior valve equalling the superior glume; 
 superior valve shorter, membranaceous. Perfect floret cartilaginous, rather 
 obtuse, smooth and shining, equalling the superior glume : Gray in Rare 
 plants of Northern N. Y. 
 
 Pine barrens, along Wood creek near Oneida lake, Gray. Hamilton, Ma- 
 dison county, J. S. Douglass : Gray in Rare plants of Northern N .Y. 
 
 Rare. June. 
 
 dichotomum, L. Forking- panicled Panicum. 
 
 Dry borders of woods, sandy plains, barren thicket-land.' Common. 
 
 Many forms, smooth, shining, pubescent; one only two or three inches 
 high, but full of fruit, on cold banks among lichens, in the north woods. 
 
 June - September. 
 
 depauperatum, Muhlenberg. Few-flowered Panicum. 
 
 Shaded rocks and barren woodlands at Littlefalls. a large form. Sand-plains 
 of Rome, Knieskern. Dry barren soil, western part of the State, Gray Gram. 
 Sf Cyp. Penn-Yan, Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. June. 
 
 CRUS-GALLI, L. Cock's- foot Panicum . 
 
 Shores, marshes, ditches, waste places. Common. August - October. 
 
 SET ARIA, Beauvois. 
 
 GLAUCA , Beauv. 
 
 Waste-grounds, yards. 
 
 VIRIDIS. Beauv. 
 
 A weed in cultivated fields. 
 
 Foxtail. Bottle-grass. 
 Glaucous Setaria. 
 Common. August. 
 
 Green Setaria. 
 Common. July. 
 
 CENCHRUS, L. Bur- grass. Job's Comforters. 
 
 tribuloides, L. Tribulus-like Cenchrus. 
 
 Dry sandy soils. Along the Central railroad, and in cultivated fields between 
 Albany and Schenectady. Also in barren wastes of clear sand on the Pine 
 plains, in advance of even Cyperus filiculmis. Rare. August, September. 
 
 ANDROPOGON, L. Beard-grass 
 
 furcatus, Muhlenberg. Forked Andropogon. 
 
 Pine barrens. Between Albany and Schenectady. Pine plains, Rome, Knies- 
 kern. Shore of Lake Ontario. Frequent. September. 
 
 scoparius, Michaux. Broom-like Andropogon. 
 
 Sterile ground, old fields. Common between Albany and Schenectady; west 
 to Littlefalls. Steep ridge-sides of Irondequoit bay, Monroe county. 
 
 Abundant. August, September. 
 
 VIRGINICUS, L. Virginian Andropogon. 
 
 Barren banks, drained swamps. Yates county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll'. 
 
 Rare. September. 
 
 SORGHUM, Persoon. Wood-grass. Indian- grass. 
 
 nutans, Gray . Drooping-fruited Sorghum. 
 
 Dry banks of the Mohawk valley, from Schenectady to Herkimer county. 
 Sandy plains of Rome. Knieskern. Seneca lake, Gray. Penn-Yan, Yates 
 county. Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Shore of Lake Ontario, from Sodus 
 bay to Braddock’s bay, Monroe county. Frequent. August, September. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 175 
 
 CRYPTO G AMI A . 
 
 Flowerless Plants. 
 
 III. ACROGENS. 
 
 Top-growers. 
 
 EQUISETACEiE. 
 
 EQUISETUM, L. 
 
 ARVENSE, L. 
 
 River and ravine-sides, low grounds along streams, 
 roads, sometimes in meadows. 
 
 Horsetails. 
 
 Equiseta. 
 
 Field Equisetum. 
 embankments of rail- 
 Common. April. 
 
 SYLVATICUM, L . 
 
 Shady banks, wet woods, arbor-vitse swamps. 
 
 Woodland Equisetum. 
 
 Abundant. May. 
 
 LIMOSUM, L. Mud Equisetum. 
 
 Low river-banks, miry marshes. Throughout the valley of the Mohawk. 
 Occasionally in swamps on the hills. Frequent. June. 
 
 HYEMALE, L. 
 
 Springy sidehills. 
 
 Winter -lasting Equisetum. 
 
 Common. May. 
 
 VARIEGATUM, Schleicher. Variegated-sheathed Equisetum. 
 
 Sandy shores. Steep banks of the Oriskany creek above the Dexter factories, 
 near the base of the slope, in shade. On an island in Owasco lake, Cayuga 
 county, I. H. Hall. All along the shore of Lake Ontario, from Sodus point, 
 Wayne county, to Braddock’s bay, Monroe county. Rare. April, May. 
 
 scirpoides, Michaux. Scirpus-like Equisetum. 
 
 Wet banks and cedar swamps. College-hill, Clinton. Near the Chenango 
 canal, three miles southwest of Utica. On the flats of the Mohawk, in the 
 deep swamp between Utica and Frankfort. Fairfield, Herkimer couuty; also 
 common in many places in Bridgewater, Gray. Scarce. April. 
 
 FILICES. 
 
 Herns. 
 
 POLYPODIUM, L. 
 
 vulgare, L . 
 
 Rocks, ravine-sides, swamps. 
 
 Polypods . 
 Common Poly podium. 
 Frequent. August - October. 
 
 phegopteris, L. Beech Fern. Wood Polypodium. 
 
 Shady ravines, stream-bottoms, moist woods. Abundant. June, July. 
 
 hexagonopterum, Michaux. Six- angled- winged Polypodium. 
 
 Moist woodlands. Herkimer. Gray. Between New-Hartford and Paris hill. 
 Auburn, Cayuga county, I. H. Hall. Lodi, Seneca county. Gray. Gorham, 
 Ontario county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Abundant in the valley of Ge- 
 nesee river. Scarce. July, August. 
 
 dryopteris, L. Tree-like Polypodium. 
 
 Moist banks along streams. Common in cedar swamps. 
 
 Abun4ant, June, July, 
 
176 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 STRUTHIOPTERIS, Willdenow. Ostrich-fern. 
 
 germanica, Willd. German Strut hiopteris. 
 
 Flats of water-courses. Common throughout the vallies of the Mohawk and 
 all its creeks and tributaries. Alluvial bottoms of Fish creek; where the 
 sterile fronds form thickets five to seven feet high. August, September. 
 
 ALLOSORUS, Bernhardi. Rock-brakes. 
 
 gracilis, Brest. Slender Allosorus. 
 
 Clefts of rocks in shade and moisture. Helderberg mountains, L. Collins. 
 Littlefalls, B. D. Gilbert. Wooded ledges between Littlefarils a.id Mud lake, 
 Herkimer county. Trenton-falls. On Sugar creek near Boonville, Gray ; and 
 along Black river below Watertown. Cliffs of the Chittenango ravine, where 
 it flourishes remarkably, hanging often a foot in length from its hold in the 
 rocks. Rare. July. 
 
 atropurpureus, Gray. I) ark-purple- stemmed Allosorus. 
 
 Limestone rocks. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Rocky sidehills at Spra- 
 ker’s, Montgomery county. Dry hills along Crooked lake outlet, Hartwell. 
 Ithaca, Tompkins county, falls of East creek, Bradley. 
 
 Rare. July - October. 
 
 PTERIS, L. 
 
 AQUILINA, L. 
 
 Old sandy fields, bush-lands. 
 
 ADIANTUM, L. 
 
 PEDATUM, L. 
 
 Woods, ravines. 
 
 Common Brake. 
 Eagle-like-centered Pteris. 
 Common. June - August. 
 
 Maidenhair. 
 Pedately- branching Adiantum. 
 Common. July, August. 
 
 WOODWARDIA, Smith. 
 
 virginica, Willdenow. Virginian Woodwardia. 
 
 Borders of swamps. Round Wetmore’s pond on Frankfort hill. Swamps of 
 Rome throughout. Junius, Seneca county, Hartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Scarce. June - August. 
 
 CAMPTOSORUS, Link. Walking-fern. 
 
 rhizophyllus, Link. Rooting -fronded Comptonia. 
 
 Rocks in shade, swamps. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Lofty cliffs of 
 Bignose on the Mohawk, Montgomery county. Abundant at Littlefalls, both 
 sides of the river: ledges on the hills southward, on the road to Warren: 
 Herkimer county. Ravine of Chittenango creek. 
 
 In a cedar swamp west of Onondaga lake it abounds on old logs, stumps, 
 knolls; stretching frequently eighteen or twenty inches the first time, and 
 running on to the third and fourth generation : fronds occasionally forking. 
 On rocks west of Otsego lake an unusual form has been gathered by B. D. 
 Gilbert , having lobes springing from each side of the base of the main one, 
 at right angles, four or five inches in length. Rare. July - November. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIUM, L. HarC s-tongue. 
 
 officinarum, Swartz. Officinal Scolopendrium. 
 
 Ravine of Chittenango creek, Madison county, among loose rocks fallen from 
 the cliffs, in moisture and shade. 
 
 This remains the only known locality in the United States of this fern so 
 frequent in England and Europe. Not many plants now are to be found; and 
 they may be disappearing. Nature, however, well guards them from all dan- 
 ger and even access, save from the reckless and destructive botanist. 
 
 Another station has recently been discovered on the outlet of Lake Simcoe, 
 Canada West. There, too, as in our habitat, it occurs in a ravine below the 
 falls of the stream, in the humid atmosphere. Local. July - October. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 177 
 
 ASPLENIUM, L. Spleenworts. 
 
 rut a-mur aria, L. Wall-rue Asplenium. 
 
 Limestone cliffs. Ilelderberg mountains, C. H. Peck. Rocky steeps and cliffs 
 all along between Fonda and Palatine bridge, Montgomery county, common 
 on both sides of the Mohawk, especially from Littlenose to Spraker’s, and 
 on the cliffs of Bignose : growing remarkably large, whole clusters of fronds 
 hanging over six inches in length and three in breadth. Abundant at Little- 
 falls, on the precipices of the south side of the river, both in shade and 
 exposed seats of the rocks. Cliffs of Chittenango creek. 
 
 ^ Rare. August - November. 
 
 trichomanes, L. Maidenhair Asplenium. 
 
 Clefts of rocks in shade. Helderberg mountains, Pearson. Cliffs on the east 
 side of Otsego lake, B. D. Gilbert. Littlefalls, south side of the river: ledges 
 of limestone rocks near the summit of the hills southward toward Mud lake, 
 Warren: Herkimer county. Trenton falls. Fish creek precipices. Chittenango 
 ravine rocks, Madison county. Scarce. July - December. 
 
 ebeneum, Aiton . Ebony Asplenium. 
 
 Edges of rocks. Schenectady county, Pearson. Littlefalls. north side of the 
 Mohawk. Chittenango creek, west side of the ravine. Hector, Tompkins 
 county, Gray. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Parma. Monroe county, Bradley. Frequent. July - October. 
 
 angustifolium, Michaux. 
 
 Rich woods and deep ravine-bottoms. 
 
 THELYPTEROIDES, Michx. 
 
 Moist woods. 
 
 FILIX-FCEMINA, R. Brown . 
 
 Woods. 
 
 Narrow-fronded Asplenium. 
 Abundant. July - September. 
 
 Lady -fern-like Asplenium. 
 Abundant. August. 
 
 Female Fern. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 DICKSONIA, L'Heritier. 
 punctilobula, Hooker. 
 Damp woodlands. 
 
 Dotted-lobed Dicksonia. 
 Common. July. 
 
 TVOODSIA, R. Brown. Woodsias. 
 
 obtusa, Torrey. Obtuse-lobed Woodsio • 
 
 Rocky woods and banks. Cliffs along the east side of Otsego lake, B.D. 
 Gilbert. Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sort-well in herb. Ham. Coll. 
 
 Infrequent. July. 
 
 ilvensis, R. Br. Isle of Elba Woodsia. 
 
 Clefts and shelves of rocks. Cliffs of Otsego lake. Abundant at Littlefalls, 
 on the cliffs of the north side of the river. Alexandria bay, Jefferson county. 
 Ithaca, Tompkins county, Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Uncommon. June. 
 
 glabella, R Br. Smooth Woodsia. 
 
 High on the cliffs at Littlefalls, south of the Mohawk, in rock soil and ever- 
 green shade : discovered at this station more than twenty years ago, by 
 Vasey. 
 
 The rarest of our fern3, next to Scolopendrium , and more inaccessible. It 
 is scattered along the brow of the lofty cliffs of Fall hill, nearly all out of 
 reach. In delicacy, grace, beauty, it certainly has no rival. Local. June. 
 
 CYSTOPTERIS, Bernhardi. 
 bulbifera, Bernh. 
 
 Ravine-sides and rocky banks. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 Bulb-bearing Cystopteris. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 12 
 
178 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 fragilis, Bernh. Brittle Cystopteris. 
 
 Clefts of wet rocks, gravelly shores of streams, story hillsides, and some- 
 times in black-ash swamps. Abundant. July, August. 
 
 var. dentata, Hooker. Dentate-lobed Cystopteris. 
 
 Dry rocks. Below Utica, at the summit of the valley hillside, on outcropping 
 sandstones in crevices of the barren surface. Rare. June. 
 
 ASPIDIUM, Swartz. 
 
 THELYPTERIS, Swartz. 
 
 Fences, pastures, along streams, swamps. 
 
 Shield- ferns. Aspidia. 
 # Lady-fern. 
 Common. July - October. 
 
 noyeboracense, Willdenow. 
 Marshes and shady moist woods. 
 
 New- York Fern. 
 Abundant. July - September. 
 
 dilatatum, Willd. Broad Aspidium. 
 
 Deep woods and borders of high swamps. Also formerly gathered in Yates 
 county by Sartwell. Infrequent. August. 
 
 spinulosum, Swartz. 
 Ravines and woods. 
 
 Spinulose Aspidium. 
 Common. August - November. 
 
 boottii, Tuckerman. Discovered by William Boott. 
 
 Rather large, outline oblong, stipe chaffy ; frond smooth ; somewhat 3- 
 pinnate ; pinnules oblong-ovate, acutish, pinnatifid ; segments sharply 
 toothed, teeth mucronate ; sori rather small, distinct, somewhat reniform : 
 Tuckerman in Hovey Mag. 
 
 Rich low woods on the Mohawk river-bottoms, a narrow form and one 
 which is quite scarce. A shorter state of the same form has been gathered 
 on the borders of swamps on the hills of Delaware county, by B. D. Gilbert. 
 
 A form only a little larger than specimens from the original locality of this 
 species is abundant in all deep rich woodlands. Frequent. August, Sept. 
 
 cristatum, Swartz. Shield , Crested Aspidium. 
 
 A long narrow form, the old A. lancastriense, is rare in arbor-vitse bogs 
 in the valley of the Mohawk. Around marshes in Delaware county, B. D. 
 Gilbert. 
 
 The broad-fronded plant is common in upland swamps. Borders of the open 
 marsh-land north of Summit lake, Otsego county. Cedar swamp east of Mud 
 lake; on the marshes of Jordanville, Warren; around Hidden lake, Litch- 
 field; and in open bogs on Frankfort hill, near Wetmore’s bear-pond; Her- 
 kimer county. Frequent in the cold marshes east of Fish creek, and near 
 Point of Rock lake, and throughout the northern part of the county. 
 
 Scarce. July, August. 
 
 var. majus, Eaton , ined. Greater Crested Aspidium. 
 
 Low rich woods : common on the flats of the Mohawk; and occasionally of 
 the streams and creeks emptying into it. Frequent. August - October. 
 
 goldie anum, Hooker. 
 Deep rich ravine-bottoms. 
 
 MARGINALE, Swartz. 
 Gulf-sides, rocks. 
 
 acrostichoides, Swartz. 
 Wooded banks. 
 
 Discovered by Goldie. 
 Frequent. July, August. 
 
 Marginal-fruited Aspidium. 
 Common. July - September. 
 
 Acrostichum-like Aspidium. 
 
 Common. 
 
 var. incisum, Gray. Incised-lobed Aspidium. 
 
 Shady swamps and stream-sides. Frequent. 
 
 Fronds of this variety, having all the pinnae fruitful, have been gathered 
 along ravines two miles southeast of Utica; and on the sides of a gulf on 
 College hill southwest of Clinton, Rare. July - November. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 179 
 
 ONOCLEA, L. Sensitive Fern. 
 
 sensibi lis, L. Frost-sensitive Onoelea. 
 
 Wet woods and swamps. Common. July. 
 
 var. obtusilobata, Torrey. Rounded-lobed Onoelea. 
 
 Marshy woodlands east of Onondaga lake. 
 
 In herb. Sartwell Ham. Coll, is a fine specimen of this variety in full fruit, 
 from Salem. Washington county, J. Smith. Also two other specimens from 
 Penn-Yan. Yates county, Sartwell , of the same form, but without fruit. Many 
 fronds of the same form with these, and corresponding exactly with each of 
 the figures in Torrey’s FI. N.Y., having free veins and sometimes indusia, 
 have been gathered in the swamps and woods near Salina. 
 
 The abnormal form having both sterile and fertile pinnae on the same frond, 
 often one side all sterile and the other all fertile, in the regular form, are not 
 rare. July* August. 
 
 OSMUND A, L. 
 
 REGALIS, L. 
 
 var. spectabilis, Gray. 
 Wet meadows and swamps. 
 
 Flowering Ferns. 
 Royal Osmunda 
 Showy Osmunda. 
 Common. June. 
 
 CLAYTON I AN A, L. 
 
 Low grounds and damp woods. 
 
 CINNAMOMEA, L. 
 
 Swamps. 
 
 var. frondosa, Gray. 
 
 Occasional in wet woods around 
 west of Fort Bull, Rome. 
 
 Collected by Clayton. 
 Frequent. June. 
 
 Cinnamon- colored Osmunda. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Double- fronded Cinnamon- fern. 
 . Abundant on low sandy clearings 
 Frequent. May. 
 
 BOTRYCHIUM, Swartz. Moonworts Botrychia . 
 
 lunarioides, Swartz. Lunaria-like Botrychium. 
 
 Sandy pastures and banks. Common. 
 
 Among bushes, the fertile frond of this fern sometimes rises to the Height 
 of sixteen inches, with sterile frond nine inches high and six broad. 
 
 Plants of the ordinary size occasionally are found with two, and rarely 
 with three perfect fertile fronds, all of the same size, springing together from 
 the stipe of the sterile frond near the root. 
 
 var. dissectum, Gray. Cut-lobed Botrychium. 
 
 Grassy banks of a stream in a pasture near Fall brook, three miles north of 
 Taberg. Rare. August - October. 
 
 virginicum, Swartz. 
 Moist woods. 
 
 Virginian Botrychium. 
 
 Common. June, July. 
 
 lanceolatum, Angstrom. Narrow-lobed Botrychium. 
 
 Roots many, thick and chordlike, dark brown. Stem enlarged at the base 
 just above the roots, tapering upward into a stout erect stipe, bearing the 
 fronds at its summit. Sterile frond either many times divided to the 'mid- 
 rib into lanceolate lobes with its lobes incised, about an inch in width and 
 length, triangular in outline, or in the largest specimens consisting of three 
 branches springing together from, the stipe or the lateral from the very 
 base of the middle one, spreading an inch and a half, all parted widely 
 into narrow lobes more or less cut upwardly. Fertile frond always similar 
 to the sterile ; terminating the stipe, or in the largest plants the stem 
 forking into three branches, all about an inch long and parted into many 
 fruit-lobes. 
 
 Sandy mounds in clearings and fields. In a pasture three miles north of 
 Taberg. Rare. June. 
 
180 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 simplex, Hitchcock. Simple- fronded Botrychium. 
 
 Frond simple, 3-lobed or 3-cleft ; segments unequal ; spike subcompound, 
 interrupted, unilateral, bearing sessile capsules of the size of a mustard 
 seed. 
 
 Frond solitary, from a torn membranous sheath, erect, two to four 
 inches high, glabrous, pale green, consisting of a small spatulate leaf an 
 inch long and one-third of an inch broad, usually divided into three, 
 rarely four, unequal, somewhat rounded segments, with their margins a 
 little notched. From the base of the leaf, about an inch from the ground, 
 springs a stalk, twice or thrice the length of the leaf, bearing a sub- 
 compound unilateral interrupted spike of capsules, sub-tworowed. Root 
 sending forth stout simple fibers : Hitchcock in Sill. Jour. 
 
 Most of the plants found in the following stations are of the lowest 
 forms and extremely variable ; from one to seven and a half inches high. 
 Sterile frond usually remote and always separate from the spike; in the 
 smallest specimens a minute spur just under a single spore-case terminating 
 the short stem ; in larger plants an oblong entire bract, lower on a stipe 
 bearing a few sporangia ; in ordinary forms springing from below the 
 middle of the stipe, short-stalked, half an inch long, once incised or parted 
 more or less deeply, with its fertile spike branching at base ; in the largest 
 specimens rising from the stipe near the root, long-stalked, an inch and a 
 quarter in length, three -fourths of an inch broad, four times pinnately 
 divided, the lowest lobes separate from the higher and all enlarged at the 
 end, its fertile frond terminating the long stalk, two inches in length, 
 having three or four pairs of branches, the lowest branching in turn. Stem 
 slender, weak, bending with the fruit. 
 
 Cedar swamps : shady borders of the State marsh near Jerusalem hill, 
 Litchfield, Herkimer county; on moss-covered bogs and mounds. 
 
 Pastures : near Fall brook, west of Fish creek. Rare. May, June. 
 
 OPHIOGLOSSUM, L. Adder' s-tongue. 
 
 VULGATUM, L. Common Ophioglossum. 
 
 Fronds of all forms from orbicular and oval to elliptical-lanceolate; often 
 four inches in length, stems sometimes over a foot high. 
 
 Spikes occasionally with only a few sporangia at base, above becoming 
 a second frond, three or four lines wide, an inch and a half long. 
 
 Dwarf forms occur, having a very short stipe, and a spike only half as 
 high as the frond is long. 
 
 Pastures east of Mud lake, Warren ; damp banks among arbor vitae on the 
 shores of Cedar lake, Litchfield; south Herkimer county. Grassy ridges on 
 the Deerfield hills, opposite Utica. Mossy bogs in the old Oriskany swamp. 
 Copses and rich mounds near Fall creek, north of Taberg. Dry hills between 
 Brownville and Dexter, Jefferson county. Marshes at the foot of Owasco lake, 
 Cayuga county. Open woods in Henrietta, Genesee county. 
 
 The dwarf form at Exeter, Otsego county, Torrey FI. N.Y.; and in the 
 Fall brook pasture, west of Fish creek. Rare. June, July. 
 
 LY COPODIA CE2E. Club-mosses . 
 
 LYCOPODIUM, L. Lycopodia . 
 
 LUCIdulum, Michaux . Shining Lycopodium . 
 
 Mossy banks, ravine-sides, moist woods. Common. August - December. 
 
 inundatum, L. Overflowed Lycopodium . 
 
 Bogs and marshy borders of ponds. North Herkimer county, on the wet 
 flats surrounding elevated ponds at each end of Bald rock, north of the first 
 three in the chain of Eight lakes, a form with short forking steins, and small 
 narrow weak entire erect leaves. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 181 
 
 Five miles west of Rome, at the border of the swamp, beside the "Water- 
 town railroad, along the base of a bank of excavation facing the north, on 
 damp sand, a form with long straight stems and large broad rigid sharply- 
 toothed spreading leaves ; abundant, though of recent appearance in this a 
 newly-made station. Rare. September, October. 
 
 annotinum, L. Year-marked Lycopodium . 
 
 Deep woods. Frequent, but more abundant on the hills. 
 
 August, September. 
 
 DENDROIDEUM, MichaUX. 
 
 Sandy fields and woods. 
 
 CLAVATUM, L. 
 
 Barren, old open thicket-fields. 
 
 COMPLANATUM, L. 
 
 Sidehil Is, sandy or rocky openings. 
 
 Tree-like Lycopodium. 
 
 Common. August - November. 
 
 Club-fruited Lycopodium. 
 
 Common. August - October. 
 
 Flattenedfronded Lycopodium. 
 
 Common. September - November. 
 
 SELAGINELLA, Beauvois . Selaginellas. 
 
 rupestris, Spring. Rock Selaginella. 
 
 Dry open rocks. Littlefalls, north side of the river. Alexandria bay, Jef- 
 ferson county. Rare. August - October. 
 
 A pus, Spring. Stemless Selaginella. 
 
 Wet banks. Abundant round Cedar lake, Litchfield, south Herkimer county. 
 Sandy borders of swamps, Rome, Knieskern. About Salina, under the Solar 
 Salt-works. Scarce. August. 
 
 MARSILEACEiE. Marsileads. 
 
 ISOETES, L. Quillwort. 
 
 lacustris, L. Lake Isoetes. 
 
 On rocks on the bottoms of rivers : New-York, in the Oswego river near the 
 the falls, v. v. Pursh. 
 
 This plant was so named when all forms were considered the same, and 
 identical with I. lacustris of Europe. Among the species of our time, it must 
 belong either to I. echinospora or to I. braunii, Durieu ; closely allied species, 
 the chief distinction being in the small needle-like projections of the spores, 
 which in the former are compressed, somewhat flattened and very fragile; 
 in the latter they are conoid and much firmer : both distinguished, by soft 
 light green or even yellow leaves which are gradually subulate, from I. 
 lacustris, whose leaves are dark green, rigid, and more linear throughout. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 AZOLLA, Lamarck. 
 
 Carolinian a, Willdenow. Carolinian Azolla. 
 
 Stagnant water and miry banks. In all the side-waters of Lake Ontario, 
 from the marshes five miles northeast of Oswego, to Braddock’s bay, Monroe 
 county : often completely covering the water with a purple velvet mantle. 
 Common near the shore, but not observed at any distance from the Lake. 
 
 August. 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 To Atragene Americana, p. 53, the stations : 
 
 Along the cliffs of Bignose point on the Mohawk, Montgomery county. On a 
 hill above Unadilla-forks, Otsego county, Gray. 
 
 Before Clematis virginiana, p. 54, the species : 
 
 ochroleuca, Ait on. Yellow-white-Jiowered Clematis. 
 
 Sandy hilly woods, westward of Crownpoint, Essex county; where it was 
 discovered by G. T. Stevens. 
 
 To Anemone cylindrica, the stations : 
 
 Abundant on the Pine plains between Albany and Schenectady. NearOwasco 
 lake, Cayuga county. I. H. Hall. Shore of Lake Ontario near Irondequoit 
 bay, Monroe county. 
 
 To A. pennsylyanica, the stations : 
 
 Marshes of Jordanville, Warren; and around the East Dry-lot pond, Litch- 
 field, Herkimer county These are localities without inlet or outlet, and have 
 no connection with streams either northward or southward, on the summits 
 of our highest hills : remarkable for a plant usually occurring along the 
 largest streams and Lake shores. 
 
 Also frequent in southern Oneida county and the adjacent parts of Otsego 
 and Madison counties, Gray. 
 
 To Ranunculus aquatilis, var. divaricatus, the range : 
 
 Abundant in the inlets and bays of Lake Ontario, from Oswego to Brad- 
 dock’s bay, Monroe county. 
 
 To R. purshii : 
 
 This species received the name R. lacuslris from L. C. Beck and J. G. 
 Tracy a little earlier than the present one from Richardson. This was given 
 in the second edition of Flora of the Polar regions , of which the first edition 
 was published in 1823. 
 
 One of the first papers read before the Albany Lyceum of Natural History 
 was a description of this new species of Ranunculus; which afterward was 
 published in the New- York Medical and Physical Journal for January 1823, 
 as follows : 
 
 Ranunculus lacustris. Leaves all submerged, alternate, dichoto- 
 mously divided into numerous capillary segments ; with clasping mem- 
 branaceous stipules. Peduncles emerging, dichotomous, slightly furrowed. 
 Flowers terminal, large. Calyx spreading, hairy, fleshy, caducous. Petals 
 five to eight, obovate, larger than the leaves of the calyx, and larger than 
 those of R. bulbosus. Nectary petal-like, cucullate-tubular, nearly equal- 
 ling the length of the filaments. Fruit oval. Stem floating, branched, gla- 
 brous, hollow, round, from two to four feet in length, extending radical 
 fibres from the lower joints. Roots fibrous, short. 
 
 Habitat. In a stagnant pond near Lansingburgh on the Hudson river, and 
 in a similar situation near Lewiston on the Niagara. 
 
 On the appearance of Hooker’s Flora Boreali Americana , which adopted 
 R. purshii, these gentlemen reaffirmed their name, with another description 
 and a plate, in the Transactions of the Albany Institute. 
 
 The plant also occurs in marshes east of Onondaga lake, and along the 
 shore of Lake Ontario. In Sodus bay, it grows high on a sandy point, and 
 changes its character for the place, having a creeping underground rootstalk, 
 sending up erect stems bearing two to four petioled leaves, which are nearly 
 half an inch broad and twice notched at the end, or the highest sessile, ob- 
 ovate, entire. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 183 
 
 To R. flammula, p. 55, the station : 
 
 Abundant on a long peninsula running out into Sodus bay, just inside the 
 point, covering low sandy banks in thick patches, with Eleocharis olivacea 
 and Scirpus pauci/Iorus, in a grove of Populus monilifera. The small form : 
 stems and carpels often downy. 
 
 To Magnolia acuminata, p. 57, the range : 
 
 Occasional throughout Cayuga, Wayne and Monroe counties; most frequent- 
 ly along streams or near the shores of lakes, but sometimes in high forests. 
 
 To Nelumbium luteum, p. 58 : 
 
 More particularly the station of this noble plant at Sodus bay is near the 
 head on the east side, above and below the ruins of an old bridge, extending 
 down across the present ferry and on towards the wharf, covering an acre or 
 more. 
 
 Most of it is near the marshy shore in shallow water, with leaves, flowers 
 and fruit elevated above the surface by high rigid petioles and peduncles. 
 The leaves have a peculiar velvety surface that cannot be made wet, on 
 which, at morning, the dewdrops glisten brighter than gems in the sun, and 
 present a most beautiful sight. The flowers are immense, nearly white, and 
 are truly splendid. So indeed they are regarded by the numbers who go from 
 far and near to gather them all summer. Yet the plants seem to be not only 
 flourishing, but on the increase, spreading along the shore in both directions 
 by its huge tuberous roots. July - September. 
 
 To Brasenia peltata, the range : 
 
 Frequent in the ponds and marshes bordering Lake Ontario, from north of 
 Oswego, southward and westward. 
 
 After JSymph^a odorata, the variety and species : 
 
 The remark sometimes in mud. with erect leaves and flowers”, <; Cedar 
 lake and Hidden lake”, refers to 
 
 var. minor, Sims. Smaller Fragrant Nymphcea. 
 
 N. minor : foliis cordatis integerrimis, subtus nervis venisque promi- 
 nentibus, pedunculis petiolisque pilosiusculis, stigmate 16 — 20 -radiato. 
 
 Rhizoma horizontale, repens, oblongum. Petioli teretes, pilosi. Folia 
 glabra, superne intense viridia, subtus purpurea, cordata, obtusissima, au- 
 riculis magis divaricatis et acuminatis quam in N. odorata. Pedunculi pilosi. 
 Flores minores quam N, odoratce , extus rosei in planta spontanea ex cl. 
 Purshio, albi in individuis cultis ex radicibus ab ipso Purshio in Angliam 
 adsportatis. Cl. hortulanus Anderson qui plurimas Nymphasaceas diu et 
 feliciter coluit hanc speciem ab odorata distinctam pronunciavit, et ipse 
 Purshius ab hac opinione non recedit : DeCandolle Systema. 
 
 Plant small in all its parts. Leaves cordate, ovate, three to four inches 
 in diameter, a little longer than broad, smooth both sides, green above, 
 deep red-purple beneath, with prominent radiating veins, seven of which 
 are basal and five from the midrib on each side ; lobes approximate, fre- 
 quently overlapping, rounded or often ending in a short point. Flowers 
 diminutive and delicate, from one to two inches in length ; sepals brown ; 
 petals white, or sometimes the outer tinged with pink externally, very 
 fragrant, with the odor of honey. Ovary spherical, filled with light-colored 
 loosely-arilled seeds. Upper part of the peduncles and petioles villose or 
 thick downy, and more or less pubescent below. Stipules red, longer than 
 broad, ovate, lacerate at end, thick-membranous with scarious margins. 
 Rhizoma slender, three-fourths of an inch in diameter, covered with very 
 fine dense hairy pubescence ; branching frequently, of a dingy-pink color. 
 
 The Water-lily of Otsego, south Herkimer and Madison counties. On 
 Hidden lake it inhabits shallow mossy pools, lifting its flowers and leaves 
 above water by peduncles not more than a foot in length; but in deep water, 
 its habit is the same with the typical plant, 
 
184 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 In the north woods of Herkimer, Hamilton and Essex counties, all lakes 
 ponds, marshes are full of a Nyinphcea, which doubtless is this variety: if so, 
 the true N. odor at a has not been observed in this State west of the valley of 
 the Hudson river. June - August. 
 
 The plant referred to as “The variety with inodorous flowers”, is the 
 following : 
 
 tuberosa, sp. 7iov. Tuber-bearing Nymphcea. 
 
 Rhizomate longe repente crasso e lateribus tuberifero , stipulis lunatis 
 multum oblique decurrentibus ubique relictis ; foliis orbiculatis subtus 
 prominenter venosis, auriculis saepissime acuminatis ; floribus pame in- 
 odoris ; connectivo staminum exteriorum supra antheram in cuspidem 
 elongato ; arillo seminum obsoleto vel brevi cupulaeformi rarius completo. 
 
 Rhizoma deeply imbedded in mud, running horizontally, sending down 
 in clusters long chord-like roots furnished with innumerable fibrous ra- 
 dicles, rarely branching, three to six feet long, one to two inches thick, 
 varying in size but not regularly interrupted, with an uneven surface, 
 somewhat compressed, scattered with short pubescence, bearing tubers 
 from its sides, which are frailly connected by their bases narrowed into 
 necks only one to three lines in diameter, usually short, often half an inch 
 in length. Tubers oval, one to three inches long, half to three-fourths of 
 an inch thick, with a rough tubercular surface, the tubercles elevated just 
 back of the buds of elementary leaves, arranged in eight perpendicular 
 series with five spiral rows in one direction to three in the other, bearing 
 both roots and tubers when present ; the tubers often in clusters from being 
 repeatedly proliferous, sometimes occurring so frequently as to conceal the 
 trunk, becoming separate plants when detached. Stipules in the axils of the 
 petioles and embracing them by long lobes, shorter than broad, crescent- 
 shaped, with thin wavy margins. Petioles and peduncles striate with nerves 
 and crimson veins, often pubescent above in lines with long silky purple 
 hairs. Leaves of two forms : submerged form short-petioled, thin and 
 transparent, the lobes divaricate and forming a right-angle at base ; floating 
 leaves large, from eight to eighteen inches in diameter, exactly orbicular, 
 sometimes retuse with sides contracted becoming angular, entire or undu- 
 late margined, green with a dark centre and even above, light-green or a 
 little yellow below, with prominent nerves of which on each side twelve 
 radiate from the centre and five to seven from the strong channelled mid- 
 rib, sometimes having a few brown hairs along 'the veins and edges of the 
 division ; lobes approximate, parallel, or meeting in the largest forms, 
 ending with an acute point and a sinus. Flowers two to four inches long, 
 expanding four to seven, exhaling a slight vanilla-like fragrance at opening, 
 but soon inodorous. Sepals four, green without, light within, as long as 
 the flower. Petals many, the outer tinged with green externally, the inner 
 snow-white, oblanceolate in outline, delicately straight-veined. Anthers 
 yellow, long with converging cells, the connective elongated into a mi- 
 nute red cusp. Appendages of the stigma sixteen to twenty, short, obtuse, 
 at first ascending and lying against the filaments, soon curving over as 
 many rays of the disk. End of the central axis short, a line or more high, 
 convex. Capsule globose or oblate, when maturing drawn to the bottom 
 by the spiral coiling of the peduncle. Seeds acorn-shaped, red, with the 
 usual raphe. Arillus defective, commonly a shallow cup surrounding the 
 base of the seed, sometimes investing it halfway, or occasionally a mere 
 rudiment, and rarely complete. 
 
 A larger plant than the other species, equal in beauty but wanting in 
 fragrance. From N . odorata , var. 'minor, of course it is as remote as possible 
 in every part. From N. odorata itself, it differs in its peculiar tubers, great 
 leaves, large flowers of little odor, and imperfect arils. From N. alba of 
 Europe, in addition to the tubers, it is separate by a continuous stem instead 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 186 
 
 of one vertical at first, leaves so highly veined, a slight odor of flower, and 
 the usually incomplete arillus. So similar, however, is it to the latter, that it 
 seems to have been considered the same by Nuttall in the single locality he 
 records. The root-stalks prolong themselves indefinitely, yet only short por- 
 tions are vigorous supporting leaves and flowers, the old parts declining as 
 fast as the young ends increase. The tubers, too, attain a certain size, then 
 wait to be broken off or to be separated by decay. Their multiplication in 
 clusters occurs only on remaining tubers; and all, if not b} T any cause removed, 
 when they have reached maturity, do not grow anj* larger, remaining inactive 
 until they die with the old root. But when liberated, they float about to some 
 new bank; as soon as striking it, shooting down rootlets and sending out their 
 already developed delicate submerged leaves, soon to be followed by others for 
 the surface. These tubers, somewhat resembling those of Helianthus tuberosus 
 or of Boussingaullia baselloides, are always present, sometimes few and 
 single, usually frequent and abundant : as many as thirty have been counted 
 on a section of footstalk only six inches in length. By the slightest disturb- 
 ance, they loosen and rise to the surface, and can be secured in place only 
 by the greatest care in removal. The leaves would easily be recognized from 
 others by their shape and appearance, as well as by their peculiar venation 
 and remarkable size, largest in the bays of Lake Ontario, at Sodus bay 
 rivalling even those of Nelumbimn luteurn ; in imitation of which, also, both 
 leaves and flowers rise high above the surface on stout stems in shallow water. 
 The flowers may truly be termed magnificent, but their odor is faint and 
 transient. The coiling of the flotverstems in deep water is more striking and 
 complete than in the scapes of Vallisneria spiralis, though not so uniform; 
 drawing the ovaries not only under water, but to the very ground ; a habit 
 that will be verified by any success of obtaining fruit in autumn. The trunks 
 of this plant are soft and pliable, composed of a cellular or pithy substance 
 which is very astringent. Cattle devour its immense leaves, venturing far into 
 the water for them : in like manner, the deer of the north woods come down 
 from the hills to the lakes at night to feed on the lily-pads so abundant there. 
 
 The Water-lily of Western New-York and the Great Lakes. It has been 
 found : in St. Lawrence river, at Alexandria bay, Jefferson county: in Lake 
 Ontario; filling all marshes beyond the shore for miles northeast of Oswego, 
 where it was observed in 1861; in the bays of Wayne county, most abundant 
 in the channels at the head of Big Sodus bay; plentiful in Irondequoit bay, 
 throughout the swamps among the ends of ridges westward formed by streams 
 setting back against bars thrown up by the waves, marshes of Charlotte in 
 the mouth of the Genesee river, common in Round pond, Long pond, Cran- 
 berry pond, and Braddock’s bay, Monroe county : in Niagara river below 
 Buffalo, by G. W. Clinton : in the Detroit river, by J.M. Bigelow : in 
 Western New-York; farthest east in Oneida lake, where it is abundant near 
 its head a little west of South bay, in marshes of Dianthera americana and 
 Scirpus lacustris ; all along the sides of Oswego river; frequent in the outlet 
 of Owasco lake, and occasionally in the lake itself; common in the marshes 
 of Cayuga river and lake; Clyde river through Wayne county; at Branch- 
 port, foot of Crooked lake, by Sartwell; in Canandaigua lake, more abun- 
 dant however in its old closed outlet ; in Genesee river above Rochester, by 
 Dewey. 
 
 Late-flowering; in the waters of Lake Ontario the flowers not appearing 
 until August, and abundant throughout September; but inland earlier, July 
 and August. Frequent. 
 
 To Nuphar kalmiana, the habitat : 
 
 Common in the marshes of Oneida lake, in deeper water, farther out than 
 Nymphaa tuberosa. 
 
 Before Chelidonium MAJUS, p. 59, the species ; 
 
 ARGEMONE, L. Prickly Poppy. 
 
 MEXICAN A, L. Mexican Argemone. 
 
 Frequently spontaneous in cultivated grounds and waste lots in Auburn 
 Cayuga county, I. H. Hall. July - September. 
 
 To Nasturtium lacustre, p. 60, the range : 
 
 Common in all inlets and bays along the southern shore of Lake Ontario, 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] \2* 
 
186 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 After Thlaspi ARVENSE, p. 62, the species : 
 
 CAKILE, Tournefort. Sea-rocket , 
 
 Americana, Nuttall. American Cakile. 
 
 Sandy beaches. Frequent on the shore of Lake Ontario, from a few miles 
 north of Oswego, to Sodus point, Wayne county, where it is in force, and 
 Braddock’s bay, Monroe county. July - October. 
 
 To Parnassia caroliniana, p. 64, the stations : 
 
 Abounding in an extensive swamp among the hills of Warren, near Jordan- 
 ville, south Herkimer county: the only station that has been observed south 
 of the Mohawk valley. 
 
 Before Medicago LUPULINA, p. 72, the species : 
 
 SAT IV A. L. Lucerne. Purple, Sown Medicago . 
 
 Gravelly banks, borders of grass-lands. Deerfield creek, in meadows on the 
 flats and on sloping bases of the gulf-sides. scarce. June, July. 
 
 After Piiaseolis perennis, p. 74, the species : 
 
 dIyersifolius, Persoon. Varied-leaced Phaseolus. 
 
 Shore of Lake Ontario between Irondequoit bay and Charlotte mouth of 
 Genesee river, Monroe county, on a low sandy bar thrown up by the water, 
 at the shady base of a ridge-side and along the end of a marsh near its outlet. 
 
 A small dwarfed state, only a foot and a half long, prostrate, having entire 
 dark green leaves, peduncles shortened, no longer than the petioles, borne in 
 the axils throughout the length of the stem, all bearing large deep-purple 
 flowers with keels curving to one side : a singular and very pretty form. 
 
 Rare. August, September. 
 
 To Apios tuberosa, the habitat : 
 
 Common on the borders of marshes northeastward of Oswego, and abundant 
 westward near the Lake shore. 
 
 To Cassia marilandica, p. 75, the station : 
 
 Banks and hillsides west of Owasco lake, Cayuga county. 
 
 After Potentilla noryegica, p. 77, the species : 
 
 paradoxa, Nuttall. Strange-fruited Potentilla. 
 
 Decumbent at the base, pubescent; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7-9, obovate- 
 oblong, incised, the upper ones confluent ; stipules ovate, mostly entire ; 
 peduncles ( alar ) solitary, recurved in fruit ; calyx-segments all nearly 
 equal, acute, about the length of the obovate petals ; receptacle villous ; 
 achenia striate, 2-lobed, the lower portion (the enlarged base or insertion 
 filled with starch) as large as the proper carpel : Nuttall, mss. in Torr. 
 Gray FI. 
 
 Specimens of ordinary size have single erect stems cymosely branching ; 
 but the largest plants send out two to five in addition, which are prostrate 
 and spreading. Leaves all radical. Flowers small. Appendages to the 
 achenia quite conspicuous. 
 
 Sandy shores. Beach of Lake Ontario at Braddock’s bay, Monroe county; 
 abundant on the point between the bay and the lake. 
 
 Rare. July - September. 
 
 Before Lythrum salicaria, p. 80, the species : 
 
 AMMANNIA, Houston. Ammannia. 
 
 humilis, Michaux. Low Ammannia . 
 
 Bog-borders. Around sandy pools and banks of rivulets in the Pine barrens 
 belween Albany and Schenectady, near the Central railroad and Centre sta- 
 tion, Rare. July, August. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 187 
 
 To Myriophyllum verticillaum, p. 81, the range : 
 
 Common in the lakes of the western part of the State and waters of Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 On Opuntia vulgaris, p. 82, the remark : 
 
 It is quite improbable that this plant ever was found native on the high cold 
 hills of Fairfield. Professor Gray regards it as altogether impossible : cer- 
 tainly he was perfectly acquainted with the flora of that region at the time 
 of this reference, and would have known it had it been in existence there. 
 Doubtless it is confined to the valley of the Hudson river, and its most 
 northern locality may be West-Point, Orange county, or possibly Hudson, 
 Columbia county. 
 
 To Viburnum pubescens, p. 88, the habitat : 
 
 Abundant on the rocky steeps between Yost’s and Palatine bridge, Mont- 
 gomery county. 
 
 To Valeriana sylvatica, p. 90, the station : 
 
 In extensive tamarack marshes among the hilltops of Warren, south Her- 
 kimer county; where it occurs in great quantity, often growing in patches. 
 
 After Aster simplex, p. 92, the species : 
 
 tenuifolius, L. Narrow-leaved Aster. 
 
 Swamps of Jordanville, south Herkimer county, where it abounds. 
 
 Rare. August. 
 
 After Solidago speciosa, p. 98, the species : 
 
 virga-aurea, L , var. humilis, Gray. Dwarf Goldenrod . 
 
 Swamps on the hills south of the Mohawk valley. On the State marsh, 
 Litchfield, Herkimer county. Rare. June, July. 
 
 To S. ohioensis, the station : 
 
 Common in the dry marly portions of the West-Bergen swamp, northeastern 
 Genesee county. 
 
 To Bidens beckii, p. 96, the station : 
 
 Outlet of Ovvasco lake, Cayuga county, I. H. Hall. 
 
 After Artemisia VULGARIS , p. 97, the species : 
 
 biennis, Willdenow. Biennial Artemisia. 
 
 Barren banks. Oswego, G. W. Clinton. Adventive at all stations in this 
 State. Rare. August - October. 
 
 To Onopordon ACANTHIUM, p. 98, the station : 
 
 Ledges of limestone, and roadsides near Page’s corners, on the hills of 
 "Warren, south Herkimer county. 
 
 After Campanula rotundifolia, p. 100 : 
 
 On dry steep sides of high ridges west of Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, 
 has been gathered a Campanula of unusual size and character, having a 
 strong rigid erect stem three to four feet in height, with linear leaves three 
 to five inches in length, deeply channelled and curved, bearing in the axils 
 clusters of smaller leaves, and, from the very root to the top of the stem, 
 simple branches ending in long slender peduncles of one to three small nod- 
 ding terminal flowers. June - August. 
 
 After Pyrola secunda, p. 103 : 
 
 The plant referred to by the remark “ In the high cold cedar swamps of 
 Summit lake”, &c., is thought worthy of being designated as 
 
 var. pumila. Slender Onesided-flowering Pyrola. 
 
 Stems three to five inches high, erect, not reclining at base. Leaves in two 
 or three annual clusters ; most always just circular, but sometimes broader 
 
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 than long notched, and sometimes oval a little longer than broad obtuse, 
 finely crenulate, quite thin, of an extremely light green color above, pale 
 beneath ; in marked contrast with the dark green, coriaceous, elliptical 
 leaves of the common P. secunda , which merge into the petiole and are 
 mucronate-acute at end. Scape slender ; with two or three minute pointed 
 bracts. Racemes strictly erect, three- to eight-flowered, very loose ; flowers 
 hanging usually on one side, narrowly cylindrical, pale green ; anthers 
 carried beyond the petals by long deep purple shining filaments ; styles 
 far exserted. 
 
 On damp moss under the shade of tamaracks and arbor vitae, in all the 
 large marshes among the hilltops between the vallies of the Mohawk and 
 Susquehanna rivers, from above Summit lake, Otsego county, to the swamp 
 near Cedar lake, south Herkimer county. 
 
 This remarkable diminutive variety, growing in moss of deep bogs, with 
 thinner orbicular and more serrulate leaves of only half or three-fourths of 
 an inch in diameter, much like those of Moneses uniflora, the slender scape 
 only four- to nine-flowered, is very distinct in appearance, and must be the 
 same with the “ Varietas pumila biuncialis, loliis ad basim confertis orbicu- 
 latis in petiolum brevem decurrentibus serratis”, of Chamisso, in Linn^ea, 
 collected at Eschscholtz bay in Russian America, and which Ledebour in 
 Flora Rossica commends to further observation as to whether it may claim 
 to be a distinct species. The leaves in the New-York specimens, however, are 
 nearly all perfectly rounded at the base. Among the specimens in my herba- 
 rium, I find this form only from Labrador, Dr. Storer ; North shore of Lake 
 Superior, C . G. Loring jr . ; and from the Northern Rocky mountains coll. 
 Bourgeau : Gray. 
 
 Utricularia gibba, p. 104 : 
 
 This plant differs remarkably from other species, in mode of inflorescence. 
 Others continue to flower by prolonging their racemes; while the scapes of 
 this species are only one- to three-flowered. Yet it remains longer in flower 
 than any other, by sending up an indefinite series of scapes from a disk-like 
 centre among the roots; so that on one side of the flowering stem may be 
 found a decaying old one in fruit, and on the other a new one springing up, 
 from June to September. 
 
 POLEMONIUM CJERULEUM, p. 115 : 
 
 This plant, so rare eastward, and remarkably separated from its home in the 
 northwest and among the Rocky mountains, has again been found by Mr. 
 Gilbert in Delaware county, among the hill-tops of Meredith, on the borders 
 of several swamps. 
 
 All these stations prove the plant to be usual about the springs and marshes 
 on the high cold hills between the headwaters of Oleout and Schoharie creeks, 
 and southeastward between the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers. The 
 lowest pass over the latter is 2150 feet above tidewater, and the heights of 
 these rolling ranges of hills cannot be less than 2500 feet. 
 
 Thus this section, with the exception of mountains, is indicated to be the 
 most elevated in the State, by the subalpine Polemonium, as well as actual 
 measurements. The level of the northern wilderness is only from 1500 to 
 1800 feet above the sea : Raquette lake, the source of Raquette river flowing 
 northward to the St. Lawrence, is elevated 1745 feet; the chain of Eight 
 lakes, headwaters of Moose river, average about 1700 feet; the two lakes 
 that give rise to Black river, emptying into Lake Ontario, stand 1820 feet; 
 and Jock’s lake, fountain of West-Can ada creek and the highest lake in the 
 woods, is 2188 feet. In the southwestern part of the State, the sources of 
 Alleghany river are from 1290 (Chautauqua lake), to 2000 feet above the 
 level of the ocean. 
 
 Gentiana quinqueflora, p. 116, the stations : 
 
 Along thicket-covered sidehills above the cliffs of Bignose on the Mohawk, 
 Montgomery county. Banks of the outlet of Owasco lake, Cayuga county. 
 Common on the sides of ridges ending on the shore of Lake Ontario, from 
 Sodus bay, Wayne county, to the steep banks of Irondequoit bay, and the 
 mouth of Genesee river, Monroe county. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 189 
 
 After G. crinita, p.117, the species : 
 
 detonsa, Fries. Shortened-fringed Gentian. 
 
 On the very verge of bluffs along Lake Ontario west of Irondequoit bay, and 
 on shaded moist sides of ridges, with Campanula rotundifolia and G. quin- 
 queJJora : low, one to four inches high, one-flowered, most beautiful and 
 delicate plants chiefly; but sometimes higher, and in all respects the same 
 with the form on the wet rocks of Niagara falls. Rare. August, September. 
 
 On G. alba, the remark : 
 
 This plant, which is also abundant in marshes about Owasco lake, may be 
 a white-flowered form of G. andrewsii. 
 
 After Polygonum aviculare, var. erectum, p. 121, the species : 
 tenue, Michaux. Slender Polygonum. 
 
 Common on the dry shady rocky steeps between Y'ost’s and Palatine bridge, 
 Montgomery county. Scarce. July - October. 
 
 To P. articulatum, the stations : 
 
 Abundant in wastes of clear sand between Albany and Schenectady, near 
 Centre station, where sometimes the plants are very large, two feet high. At 
 Oneida lake, it may be found along the shore near the mouth of Fish creek, 
 in sandy copses. Oak openings of Charlotte, Monroe county, Bradley. 
 
 To Ceratophyllum demersum, var. echinatum, p. 123, the range : 
 Common in the waters of the western part of the State and Lake Ontario. 
 
 To Euphorbia polygonifolia, the range : 
 
 This plant proves to be as common on the shore of Lake Ontario as on the 
 Coast itself, from Oswego couuty to Braddock’s point, Monroe county. 
 
 To Populus monilifera, p. 129, the stations : 
 
 Common along the shore of Lake Ontario, from Sodus point, "Wayne county, 
 to Braddock’s bay, Monroe county; always near the water, and occupying 
 the narrow sandy elevations separating bays, ponds, inlets, marshes from the 
 Lake. 
 
 On a low point running out into Sodus bay there is a long grove of these 
 trees, of a medium height, however, and not over a foot in diameter. But 
 over the ridge against Long and Cranberry ponds there are many tine lofty 
 specimens fifty or sixty feet high, and more than three feet through. 
 
 A few trees occur, also, along the outlet of Canandaigua lake, Ontario 
 county, having quite small deltoid leaves, the lower ones on the twigs as 
 broad again as long sometimes; young branches one-half or three-fourths of 
 an inch in diameter, slightly winged, and a red willow-like bark. 
 
 The species : 
 
 angulata, Aiton. Angled- stemmed Populus. 
 
 Replaces the common form at Braddock’s bay, Monroe county; and appears 
 quite frequently in the town of Gorham, Ontario county. Rare. 
 
 To P. balsamifera, the range : 
 
 Occasional from a few large trees at the mouth of Genesee river opposite 
 Charlotte, to the base of Cranberry pond, Monroe county, where there are 
 clusters of young and middle-sized growth. 
 
 To Typha angustifolia, p. 131, the range : 
 
 Bogs along the berm-bank of the Erie canal in Montgomery county. 
 
 To Sparganium eurycarpum, the range : 
 
 Common in the marshes of Lake Ontario, bordering all bays and inlets. 
 
 To Lemna gibba, p. 132, the range : 
 
 Bays and inlets of Lake Ontario, from marshes northeast of Oswego to 
 Braddock’s bay, Monroe county, commonly covering the water in dense 
 patches : easily distinguished by its thickness, being lens-shaped, arched 
 aboved, below inflated and cellular. 
 
190 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 To Najas major : 
 
 The statement that the habitats given are the only ones known on the Wes- 
 tern Continent must be enlarged to include another, Irondequoit bay, Monroe 
 county, where it was first detected by E. J. Pickett. 
 
 The presence of a plant of so well-established maritime character, in a bay 
 of a freshwater lake, is at once surprising and suspicious. But the mystery 
 is easily cleared. The belt of Medina sandstone commencing just southwest 
 of Utica, in two or three thin layers below the Oneida conglomerate, each 
 crowded with the characteristic fossil the old Fucoides harlani, extending 
 through the western part of this county, southern Oswego, along the shore 
 of Lake Ontario in northern Cayuga, Wayne, Monroe counties and west- 
 ward, is everywhere saliferous, abounding in springs and wells from some of 
 which salt was manufactured in old times. A series of these springs, from 
 Vernon, Oneida county, to the Niagara river, originate in the shales and 
 marls of this rock wherever sufficiently near the surface to be subject to 
 leaching by rains, and frequently yield so much saline matter as to affect 
 vegetation. Many occur in Monroe county, along margins and beds of small 
 streams, part of them emptying into Irondequoit bay, one of the largest being 
 located near its head. The water from these springs is briny to the taste, and 
 may accumulate in such a long landlocked inlet of the Lake in sufficient 
 quantity to make the water brackish, just as the overflowings of salt springs 
 affect Onondaga lake, thus supplying the necessary condition for this marine 
 plant. 
 
 To Platanthera rotundifolia, var. oblongifolia, p. 135 : 
 
 Mud lake, on whose damp mossy borders this plant has its station, is a small 
 round pond in a depression among the very highest tops of the hills between 
 the Mohawk and Susquehanna vallies, and is about 1500 feet above tide in 
 the Hudson river. 
 
 To Cypripedium arietinum, p. 140 : 
 
 The height of Summit lake above tidewater is 1350 feet. Above its head is a 
 large open moss bog, very shaky and full of sloughs, bordered by tamaracks 
 and surrounded by an extensive arbor-vitae swamp, the locality of many 
 rare plants; the very source both of the Susquehanna river, and also of Ot- 
 squago creek descending to the Mohawk. 
 
 To Chamaslirium luteum, p. 143, the station ; 
 
 Springy rocky steeps just west of Bignose cliffs on the Mohawk, Montgomery 
 county ; on the open almost upright sides of the hill. 
 
 After Eleocharis obtusa, p. 147, the species : 
 
 oliyacea, Torrey. Olive-fruited Eleocharis. 
 
 Culms filiform, often diffuse, compressed, sulcate, soft ; spike ovate, 
 somewhat obtuse, many-flowered ; scales ovate, obtuse, membranaceous ; 
 bristles 6, nearly as long as the nut ; style bifid ; nut obovate, lenticular, 
 dull ; tubercle conical, rostrate, distinct : Torrey Cyp. 
 
 Culms cespitose, erect, diffuse or somewhat decumbent, usually about a 
 span long and nearly a line in diameter, but often dwarfish and slender, 
 of a soft flexible texture, with mucronate sheaths at the base. Spikes 3-4 
 lines long, 20-30 flowered, sometimes rather acute. Scales closely or 
 somewhat loosely imbricated : one or two of the lowest shorter and bract- 
 like ; the others with a narrow scarious margin. Bristles pretty stout, re- 
 trorsely hispid. Stamens 3. Achenium smooth, sometimes a little shining, 
 dark olive when ripe. Tubercle rather free around the base, acute or 
 somewhat obtuse, about one-third the length of the achenium : Torrey 
 FI. N. Y. 
 
 On a sandy peninsula extending into Sodus bay just inside the point, where 
 it is very abundant; equally common on the highest ground in the long 
 Cottonwood grove, and on low banks with Cyperus iriflexus and Scirpus 
 debilis. Not before detected away from the Coast. July - October. 
 
PLANTS OF ONEIDA COUNTY AND VICINITY. 
 
 191 
 
 To 
 
 Scirpus pauciflorus, p. 148, the station : 
 
 
 
 Common at Sodus bay, Wayne county; all over the barren point against 
 Lake Ontario, and scattered over the sandy peninsula in the bay with Eleo- 
 charis olivacea. 
 
 To 
 
 S. planifolius, the station : 
 
 
 
 Dry pine woods on the banks of the Hudson above Albany, and on 
 posite side of the river, C. H. Peck. 
 
 the op- 
 
 To 
 
 Panicum zanthophysum, p. 173, the station : 
 In a barren field east of East-Albany, C. H. Peck. 
 
 
 In addition to the Flora and later Catalogue of the plants of the 
 State by Dr. Torrey, this catalogue includes the following native 
 plants : 
 
 Ranunculus flammula. 
 Nymph^ea odorata, var. minor 
 Nymph iE a tuberosa. 
 
 Dentaria heterophylla. 
 Turritis glabra. 
 
 Lespedeza stuvei. 
 
 Geum virginianum. 
 
 POTENTILLA PARADOXA. 
 
 RlBES H1RTELLUM. 
 
 RlBES RUBRUM. 
 
 Diplopappus AMYGDALINUS. 
 SoIlidago PUBERULA. 
 
 SOLIDAGO SPECIOSA, 
 
 Var. ANGUSTATA. 
 
 Solid ago hougiitonii. 
 
 SOLIDAGO LINOIDES. 
 
 Pyrola secunda, var. pumila. I 
 Dodecatheon meadia. 
 Utricularia clandestina. 
 Utricularia gibba. 
 
 SCHWALBEA AMERICANA. 
 
 Lithospermum hirtum. 
 
 POLEMONIUM C^ERULEUM. 
 Chenopodium GLAUCUM. 
 Atriplex hastata, 
 
 var. OBLONGIFOLIA. I 
 
 Polygonum nodosum, 
 
 var. incarnatum. 
 Polygonum careyi. 
 
 Polygonum acre. 
 
 Callitriche autumnalis. 
 Urtica gracilis. 
 
 POPULUS ANGULATA. 
 
 JUNIPERUS SABINA, 
 
 var. PROSTRATA. 
 
 Sparganium EURYCARPUM. 
 SpARGANIUM NATANS. 
 
 Najas major. 
 
 Potamogeton robbinsii. 
 POTAMOGETON PR^LONGUS. 
 Sagittaria heterophylla. 
 Sagittaria graminea. 
 Platanthera rotundifolia, 
 
 var. OBLONGIFOLIA. 
 
 Cypripedium candidum. 
 Trillium sessile. 
 
 Tofieldia glutinosa. 
 
 JUNCUS DEBILIS. 
 
 Xyris bulbosa. 
 
 Eleocharis compressa. 
 Scirpus pauciflorus. 
 
 SciRPUS CLINTONII 
 
 Scirpus fluviatilis. 
 
 Carex prairea. 
 
 Carex cephaloidea. 
 
 Carex scabrior. 
 
 Carex tenella. 
 
 Carex argyrantha. 
 
 Carex sychnocepiiala. 
 Carex lenticularis. 
 
 Carex strictior. 
 
 Carex gynandra. 
 
 Carex emmonsii. 
 
 Carex rostrata. 
 
 Carex grayii. 
 
 Carex lupuliformis. 
 
 Carex retrocurva. 
 
 Carex vaginata. 
 
 Carex woodii. 
 
 Carex glabra. 
 
192 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Carex knieskernii. 
 
 Carex richardsonii. 
 
 Carex mirata. 
 
 Carex yaseyi. 
 
 Carex hartii. 
 
 Carex ampullacea. 
 
 Carex monile. 
 
 Carex yesicaria. 
 
 Among many naturalized plan 
 
 Argemone mexicana. 
 Nasturtium officinale. 
 Nasturtium armoracia. 
 Reseda luteola. 
 
 SlLENE INFLATA. 
 
 Lychnis vespertina. 
 
 Malva moschata. 
 
 Trifolium procumbens. 
 Medicago maculata. 
 
 Prunus spinosa. 
 
 Rosa setigera. 
 
 Fedia olitoria. 
 
 Artemisia biennis. 
 
 Five marine or coast plants an 
 
 Orontium aquaticum. 
 
 Najas major. 
 
 Ruppia maritima. 
 
 Carex physema. 
 
 Agrostis perennans. 
 
 WoODSIA GLABELLA. 
 
 Cystopteris fragilis, 
 
 var. DENTATA. 
 
 Aspidium dilatatum. 
 
 Aspidium boottii. 
 
 Botrychium LANCEOLATUM. 
 
 s, the following are additional : 
 
 Onopordon acanthiiim. 
 Hyssopus officinalis. 
 
 Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 Atropa belladonna. 
 Periploca gr^ca. 
 Chenopodium urbicum, 
 
 var. rhombifolium. 
 Amaranths retroflexus. 
 Rumex sanguineus. 
 
 Rumex acetosa. 
 
 Hemerocallis fulva. 
 
 Bromus racemosus. 
 
 Lolium temulentum. 
 
 new to the interior : 
 
 Eleocharis olivacea. 
 Spartina stricta, 
 
 var. ALTERNIFLORA. 
 
 A few references to localities of rare plants out of the limits of 
 the catalogue have been included, when they were the personal 
 observations of the writer or of former Oneida county botanists, 
 or when communicated for this purpose by others, being no other 
 means of preserving the record. 
 
 Original descriptions not generally accessible, have been re- 
 produced, of certain rare or interesting plants and others first found 
 in this region. 
 
 Additions have been inserted during the last season while the 
 printing has been in progress, through the great kindness of John 
 Paterson, esquire ; to whom also is to be referred the unusual 
 accuracy and character of the typography of the work. 
 
 Utica, October, 1865. 
 
( 13 .) 
 
 CATALOGUE OF MOSSES 
 PRESENTED TO THE STATE OF NEW-YORK 
 BY CHARLES H. PECK. 
 
 ORDER MUSCI. 
 
 SUBORDER SPHAGNACEiE. 
 
 1 
 
 Sphagnum cymbifolium, 
 
 Bill. 
 
 2 
 
 “ squarrosum, 
 
 Pers. 
 
 3 
 
 “ ACUTIFOLIUM, 
 
 Ehrh. 
 
 4 
 
 “ CUSPID ATUM, 
 
 66 
 
 
 SUBORDER AXDR^ACE^E. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Andr^ea petrophila, 
 
 Ehrh. 
 
 6 
 
 “ RUPESTRIS, 
 
 Turner. 
 
 
 SUBORDER BRYACEAE. 
 
 
 7 
 
 Gymnostomum curyirostrum, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 8 
 
 Weisia yiridula, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 9 
 
 Rhabdoweisia denticulata, 
 
 Br. ^ Sch. 
 
 10 
 
 Trematodon longicollis, 
 
 Rich. 
 
 11 
 
 DlCRANUM VIRENS, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 18 
 
 12 “ VARIUM, 
 
 13 “ HETEROMALLUM, 
 
 14 “ FLAGELLARE, 
 
 15 “ LONGIFOLIUM, 
 
 16 “ INTERRUPTUM, 
 
 17 “ SCOPARIUM, 
 
 var. PALLIDUM, 
 
 “ UNDULATUM, 
 
 19 Ceratodon PURPUREUS, 
 
 20 Leucobryum glaucum 
 
 21 Fissidens minutulus, 
 
 22 “ SUBBASILARIS, 
 
 23 “ ADIANTOIDES, 
 
 24 Trichostomum tortile, 
 
 25 “ PALLIDUM, 
 
 26 “ glaucescens 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 13 
 
 Br. Sch. 
 
 L. 
 
 Turner. 
 
 Brid. 
 
 Hampe. 
 
 Svlliv. 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 66 
 
 Schrad. 
 
 Hedw. 
 
194 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 27 
 
 Barbula unguiculata, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 28 
 
 66 
 
 c/espitosa, 
 
 Schwa gr. 
 
 29 
 
 66 
 
 mucronifolia, 
 
 Br. Sck. 
 
 30 
 
 Didymodon rubellus, 
 
 66 
 
 31 
 
 POTTIA 
 
 TRUNCATA, 
 
 66 
 
 32 
 
 Tetraphis pellucida, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 33 
 
 Ecalypta ciliata, 
 
 66 
 
 34 
 
 Zygodon lapponicus, 
 
 Br. <f* Sch. 
 
 35 
 
 Drummondia clayellata, 
 
 Hook, 
 
 36 
 
 Orthotrichum strangulatum, 
 
 Beauv. 
 
 37 
 
 66 
 
 LEIOCARPUM, 
 
 Br. ^ Sch. 
 
 38 
 
 66 
 
 LUDWIGII, 
 
 Schwagr. 
 
 39 
 
 66 
 
 HUTCHINSTiE, 
 
 Smith. 
 
 40 
 
 66 
 
 CRISPUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 41 
 
 SCHISTIDIUM APOCARPUM, 
 
 Br. Sr Sch. 
 
 42 
 
 G-rimmia pennsylyanica, 
 
 Schwa gr. 
 
 43 
 
 Racomitrium aciculare, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 44 
 
 66 
 
 MICROCARPUM, 
 
 66 
 
 45 
 
 Hedwigia ciliata, 
 
 Ehrh. 
 
 46 
 
 Buxbaumia aphylla, 
 
 Haller. 
 
 47 
 
 Diphyscium foliosum, 
 
 Web. Sr Mohr. 
 
 48 
 
 Altrichum undulatum, 
 
 Beauv. 
 
 49 
 
 66 
 
 ANGUSTATUM, 
 
 u 
 
 50 
 
 POGONATUM BREVICAULE, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 51 
 
 POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE, 
 
 L. 
 
 52 
 
 66 
 
 FORMOSUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 53 
 
 66 
 
 JUNIPERINUM, 
 
 
 54 
 
 66 
 
 PILIFERUM, 
 
 Schreb. 
 
 55 
 
 Timm i a 
 
 megapolitana, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 56 
 
 Aulacomnion heterostichum, 
 
 Br. Sr Sch. 
 
 57 
 
 66 
 
 PALUSTRE, 
 
 Schwagr. 
 
 58 
 
 Bryum 
 
 PYRIFORME, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 59 
 
 
 ANNOTINUM, 
 
 66 
 
 60 
 
 
 NUTANS, 
 
 Schreb. 
 
 61 
 
 66 
 
 ROSEUM, 
 
 66 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
 wahlenbergii, 
 
 Schwagr. 
 
 63 
 
 66 
 
 ARGENTEUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 
 PSEUDO-TRIQUETRUM, 
 
 Schwagr. 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 CiESPITICIUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 66 
 
 Mnium 
 
 AFFINE, 
 
 Bland. 
 
 67 
 
 66 
 
 PUNCTATUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 68 
 
 66 
 
 SUBGLOBOSUM, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 69 
 
 66 
 
 SERRATUM, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 SPINULOSUM, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 71 
 
 66 
 
 CUSPIDATUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 72 
 
 66 
 
 LYCOPODIOIDES, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 73 
 
 Meesia 
 
 ULIGINOSA, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 74 
 
 Bartramia cederi, 
 
 Swartz. 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 PCMIFORMIS, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 76 
 
 66 
 
 FONTANA, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 77 
 
 66 
 
 MUHLENBERGII, 
 
 66 
 
 78 
 
 Funaria hygrometriga, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 79 
 
 Piiyscomitrium pyriforme, 
 
 Br. Sr Sch. 
 
 80 
 
 Aphanoriiegma serrata, 
 
 Sulliv. 
 
CATALOGUE OF MOSSES. 
 
 195 
 
 81 
 
 Fontinalis gigantea, 
 
 Sulliv. cf* Lesgt, 
 
 82 
 
 tc 
 
 NOViE-ANGLIiE, 
 
 44 
 
 8B 
 
 <1 
 
 DALECARLICA, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 84 
 
 DlCHELYMA- falcatum, 
 
 Myrin. 
 
 85 
 
 44 
 
 CAPILLACEUM, 
 
 Br. j En. 
 
 80 Leucodon brachypus, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 s J 
 
 Leptodon trichomitrium, 
 
 Mohr. 
 
 88 
 
 Anomodon obtusifolius, 
 
 Br. $ Sch. 
 
 89 
 
 44 
 
 ATTENUATES, 
 
 Huh. 
 
 90 
 
 Leskea 
 
 POLYCARPA, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 91 
 
 44 
 
 OBSCURA, 
 
 44 
 
 92 
 
 44 
 
 ROSTRATA, 
 
 
 93 
 
 Thelia 
 
 ASPRELLA. 
 
 Sulliv. 
 
 94 
 
 Myurella careyana, 
 
 44 
 
 95 
 
 PyLAISyEA INTRICATA, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 96 
 
 Pterigynandrum filiforme, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 97 
 
 IIomalothecium subcapillatum, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 98 
 
 Platygyrium repens, 
 
 44 
 
 99 
 
 Cylindrothecium cladorhizans, 
 
 44 
 
 100 
 
 44 
 
 SEDUCTRIX, 
 
 
 101 
 
 Neckera pennata, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 102 
 
 Climacium americanum, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 103 
 
 44 
 
 DENDROIDES, 
 
 Web. Mohr. 
 
 104 
 
 Hypnum 
 
 TAMARISCINUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 105 
 
 44 
 
 DELICATULUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 106 
 
 44 
 
 SCITUM, 
 
 Beauv. 
 
 107 
 
 44 
 
 ABIETINUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 108 
 
 44 
 
 PALUDOSIJM, 
 
 Sulliv. 
 
 109 
 
 44 
 
 TRIQUETRUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 110 
 
 44 
 
 BREYIROSTRE, 
 
 Ehrh. 
 
 111 
 
 44 
 
 SPLENDENS, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 112 
 
 44 
 
 ALLEGHANIENSE, 
 
 C. Mull. 
 
 113 
 
 44 
 
 II TANS, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 114 
 
 44 
 
 PILIFERUM, 
 
 Schreb. 
 
 115 
 
 44 
 
 STRIGOSUM, 
 
 Hoffm. 
 
 116 
 
 44 
 
 SERRULATUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 117 
 
 44 
 
 RECURVANS, 
 
 Schwagr. 
 
 118 
 
 44 
 
 MOLLE, 
 
 Dickson. 
 
 119 
 
 44 
 
 SCHREBERI, 
 
 Willd. 
 
 120 
 
 44 
 
 CORD I FOLIUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 121 
 
 44 
 
 UNCINATUM, 
 
 44 
 
 122 
 
 44 
 
 FILICINUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 123 
 
 44 
 
 CRISTA-CASTRENSIS, 
 
 u 
 
 124 
 
 44 
 
 IMPONENS, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 125 
 
 44 
 
 REPTILE, 
 
 Michx. 
 
 126 
 
 44 
 
 CUR YI FOLIUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 127 
 
 44 
 
 MOLLUSCUM, 
 
 44 
 
 128 
 
 44 
 
 HALDANIANUM, 
 
 Grev. 
 
 129 
 
 44 
 
 RUGOSUM, 
 
 Ehrh. 
 
 130 
 
 44 
 
 SALEBROSUM, 
 
 Hoffm. 
 
 131 
 
 44 
 
 L^BTUM, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 132 
 
 44 
 
 RUTABULUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 133 
 
 44 
 
 YELUTINUM, 
 
 44 
 
 134 
 
 44 
 
 RIVULARE, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
196 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 135 
 
 Hypnum 
 
 NOViE-ANGLIiE, 
 
 Sulliv. fy Lsgr. 
 
 136 
 
 U 
 
 POLYMORPHUM, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 137 
 
 44 
 
 IIISPIDULUM, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 138 
 
 44 
 
 SUBTILE, 
 
 Hoff 7)1. 
 
 139 
 
 44 
 
 ADNATUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 140 
 
 44 
 
 RADICALE, 
 
 Brid. 
 
 141 
 
 44 
 
 ORTHECLADON, 
 
 Beauv. 
 
 142 
 
 44 
 
 RIPARIUM, 
 
 Hedw. 
 
 143 
 
 44 
 
 DENTICULATUM, 
 
 L. 
 
 144 
 
 44 
 
 MUHLENBERGII, 
 
 Br. En. 
 
 Of the 144 species named above, 104 were found in the town 
 of Sandlake, Rensselaer county, N.Y. The remaining 40 species 
 are partly from the vicinity of Albany, and partly from the Hel- 
 derberg and the Catskill mountains. 
 
( E, ) 
 
 FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS 
 
 TOUCHING THE FLORA OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. 
 
 BY ONE OF THE REGENTS. 
 
 The Regents, relying upon the sympathy and assistance of the 
 botanists of the State, have commenced putting the State Herba- 
 rium in order, and propose to augment and perfect it, and to col- 
 lect full and accurate materials for a new and complete catalogue 
 of the plants of the State. 
 
 The contents of this paper will, it is hoped, sufficiently indicate 
 the nature of the information which the Regents wish to acquire 
 as materials for the proposed catalogue. Any addition to, or cor- 
 rection of, any one of the original lists contained in this paper, 
 will he thankfully received. All plants intended for the herbarium, 
 and all communications, should be addressed, as heretofore, to 
 “ S. B. Woolwortii, LL.D., Secretary of the Regents, Albany.” 
 Where a plant not indicated in Torrey’s Catalogue nor in the 
 additional list herein given, or a new station of a rare plant, is 
 discovered, the fact should be communicated, and the most perfect 
 and best prepared specimens of the plant should be sent with the , 
 communication . 
 
 In 1853, the State published “A Catalogue of the Cabinet of 
 Natural History of the State of New- York,” &c. To this Dr. Torrey 
 contributed Lists of the Plants described in the State Flora, and 
 also a List of “ Plants discovered and collected since the publica- 
 tion of the Flora.” These lists compose what is herein meant by 
 Torrey’s Catalogue, or the Catalogue of 1853, and includes 1537 
 species. 
 
 The last mentioned list — the list of plants discovered since the 
 publication of the Flora, is not now easily accessible, and, there- 
 fore, is republished here. 
 
198 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Robinia yiscosa. 
 
 VlCIA CAROLINIAN A. 
 STELLARIA LONGIPE8. 
 
 Trifolium incarnatum. 
 Pyrus malus, 
 
 Oenothera riparia. 
 
 Galium concinnum. 
 
 Phlomis tuberosa. 
 Lithospermum latifolium. 
 Onosmodium carolinianum. 
 Amaranthus tamarascinus 
 Chenopodium murale. 
 Salix fragilts. 
 
 Salix babylonica. 
 
 Salix eriocephala. 
 Salix angustata. 
 Melanthium hybridum. 
 Carex steudelii. 
 
 Carex paniculata. 
 Carex vulgaris. 
 
 Carex torta. 
 
 Carex grisea. 
 
 Carex platyphylla. 
 Carex comosa. 
 
 Panicum pauciflorum. 
 Avena sativa. 
 Spartina polystachya. 
 
 ClNNA PENDULA. 
 
 ClNNA ARUNDINACEA. 
 
 The following species, inserted in the Flora on the authority of 
 Pursh, have not been found in the State by any other botanist, 
 and, probably, never existed therein. 
 
 The following species, once spontaneous in the State, and in- 
 cluded in the catalogue, there is reason to fear have become extinct. 
 Some of them have been diligently sought for, in vain, in the 
 stations where they were originally found. The Pinguicula has 
 been extirpated at Rochester, but may exist at or near the upper 
 waters of the, Genesee river, and the writer is very confident that 
 it will be found in the Adirondacks. 
 
 1. Aconitum uncinatum, L. 
 
 2. Zanthorhiza apiifolia, L’Her . 
 
 3. Trifolium incarnatum, L. 
 
 4. Phlomis tuberosa, L. 
 
 5. Pinguicula vulgaris, L. 
 
 The following is a list of the plants, so far as is known to me, 
 which have been found growing spontaneously in the State, and 
 which are not included in the Catalogue. The name of the dis- 
 coverer, or the authority for its insertion, the date of the discovery, 
 and the station, are added to each species, whenever the same are 
 known to me. Some of these plants are mere scapes, and, perhaps, 
 are not entitled to a place in a catalogue of the plants permanently 
 spontaneous in the State. It is believed that the valuable Catalogue 
 of the Plants of Oneida county and vicinity, by the Rev. John A. 
 Paine Jim., which will be published herewith, will add somevdiat 
 to this list, and also to the list of stations hereinafter given. 
 
 1. Spiraea aruncus, L. 
 
 2. SALVINIA NATANS, L . . 
 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 
 
 199 
 
 1. Reseda luteola, L. “Roadsides in TVestern Xew-York.” G-RAy’s 
 
 Manual. 
 
 2. Reseda odorata , L. Buffalo, 1862 : Garden scape. G. W. C. 
 
 3. Reseda alba , L. Buffalo, 1862 : Garden scape. G. W. C. 
 
 4. Nasturtium ojjicuiale, L. Common on Long Island : T. F. Allen, 
 
 M.D. Near Rochester : Rev. L.Holzer Caledonia, &c. G.W.C. 
 
 5. Nasturtium sylvestre, R. Br. Spontaneous about Flushing, Queens 
 
 county : W. H. Leggett. 
 
 6. Nasturtium armoracia, Fries. Rather common about Buffalo, and 
 
 abundant on the banks of the Mohawk below Utica. It would 
 seem that it must be diffused by its seed. G. W. C. 
 
 7. Lepidium dr aba, L. See Addenda to Gray’s Manual : D.C. Eaton. 
 
 8. Lepidium sativum. Buffalo, 1864 : Garden scape, and spontaneous 
 
 in gardens. G. W. C. 
 
 9. Lepidium ruderale , L. Near Brooklyn : IV. H. Leggett. 
 
 10. Turritis glabra-, L. New-York city, on 86th-street, 1860 : W. H. 
 
 Leggett. Buffalo, 1863 : David F. Day, Esq. 
 
 11. Barbarea prcecox, R. Br. Lake Avenue, Rochester, 1864 : Garden 
 
 scape. Rev. L. Holzer. 
 
 12. Brassica campestris , L. Buffalo, on the marshy edge of the river ; 
 
 only a few plants, 1863. G. W. C. 
 
 13. Ifaphanus sativus,L . Buffalo ; a common weed in grain-fields. G.W.C. 
 
 14. Ascurum crux-andrece, L. New-Dorp, Staten Island, September 1864 : 
 
 T. F. Allen, M.D. 
 
 15. Silene injlata , Smith. Near Fort Richmond, Staten Island, 1860 : 
 
 T.F. Allen, M.D. Abundant near Buffalo, on the Buffalo creek 
 below the Sulphur spring, 1862. G. W. C. 
 
 16. Silene armeria, L. Buffalo ; spontaneous in gardens, but seldom es- 
 
 caping : D. F. Day. 
 
 17. Lychnis xespertina , Sibtii. “Elmira, N.Y. : E. Tatnall.” Gray’s 
 
 Manual, in the Addenda. 
 
 18. Althcea rosea , L. Buffalo; garden scape, rare. G. W. C. 
 
 19. Althcea jicifolia, L. Buffalo ; garden scape, rare. G. W. C. 
 
 20. Malva moschata. Buffalo, Portage, Chantauqua county, Cattaraugus 
 
 county, naturalized. G. W. C. 
 
 21. Rosa setigera, Mx. Several places near Rochester : C. M. Booth, 
 
 M.D. Near Buffalo. G. W. C. Naturalized, if not native. 
 
 22. Pyrus communis , L. Grand Island, near Buffalo, in a grove of oak, a 
 
 single tree ; in the same grove, is an apple tree ; and, as they 
 were, until recently, remote from any dwelling, they are believed 
 to be spontaneous. 
 
 23. Ribes rubrum, L. In a swamp on the Scajaquada creek, near Forest 
 
 Lawn, Buffalo, 1863 : D. F. Day, Esq. Not uncommon, as a 
 garden scape, about Buffalo; apparently native, in a wooded ra- 
 vine, below Westfield, Chautauqua county, 1864. G. W. C. 
 
 24. Sedum acre, L. Buffalo, Williamsville, Niagara Falls, 1863 ; natura- 
 
 lized. G.W.C. 
 
 25. Carum carui , L. Naturalized, by roadsides and fences, in Erie and 
 
 Chautauqua counties. 
 
 26. Anethum foeniculum, L. Buffalo; garden scape : D. F. Day. 
 
200 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 27. Coriandrum sativum , L. Buffalo ; garden scape, rare. G. W. C. 
 
 28. Solidago bicolor , L., var. concolor, Gray. Washington county, Dr. E. 
 
 Howe. 
 
 29. Helianthus annuus, L. A frequent scape from gardens, hut seems to 
 
 become depauperate at once, and soon disappears. 
 
 30. Galinsoga parvijlora , Cay. “Waste places, New-York,” &c.: Gray’s 
 
 Manual. Brooklyn : A. Wood. New-York and Flushing, 1864 : 
 T. F. Allen. 
 
 31. Matricaria parthenium, L. Garden scape; Buffalo. 
 
 32. Matricaria balsamitce , Willd. Buffalo ; seems inclined to perpetuate 
 
 itself in cemeteries, etc. 
 
 33. Matricaria chamomilla , L. Near Buffalo, 1864 ; spontaneous in a 
 
 garden, and escaping : D. F. Day & G. W. C. 
 
 34. Tragopogon porrifolius , L. On a gravelly bank of the Erie railroad, 
 
 about a mile west of Salamanca, Cattaraugus county, remote from 
 any garden or dwelling, abundant, 1864. G. W. C. 
 
 35. Tragopogon pratense. Rochester ; a single plant : Rev. L. Holzer. 
 
 36. Artemisia abrotanum, L. Buffalo, 1863 ; garden scape, firmly esta- 
 
 blished in the sand of the opposite Canadian shore, by the ruins 
 of a deserted house. G. W. C. 
 
 37. "Silybum marianum. Buffalo; garden scape, 1862, D.F.Day ; 1863, 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 38. 0 nopordon acanthium,h. Albany, 1827 ; Queenstown, 1862 : G.W.C. 
 
 Rochester, 1864 : C. M. Booth, M.D. 
 
 39. Cirsium altissimvm , Spreng. Buffalo, 1862. G. W. C. 
 
 40. Lactuca sativa , L. An occasional, but not enduring, garden scape. 
 
 /G. W. C. 
 
 41. Cassiope hypnoides, Don. “Alpine summits of the Adirondack moun- 
 
 tains, Dr. Parry : ” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 42. Martynia proboscidea , Glox. Greenbush, Rensselaer county, 1827 ; 
 
 Lewiston, Niagara county. 1863 ; an occasional garden scape. 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 43. Linaria genistifolia , Mill. “ Roadsides, New-York, near the city : 
 
 H. G. Clark, Lesquereux.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 44. Lithospermum hirtum, Lehm. Buffalo, 1862 : G. W. C. Rochester, 
 
 1864 : Rev. L. Holzer. 
 
 45 Polemonium coeruleum , L. “ Borders of a marsh three miles east of 
 Charlottesville, Schoharie county, New-York: Dr. E.C.Howe.” 
 Gray’s Manual. 
 
 46. Phlox paniculata , L. Richfield Springs, Otsego county, in a bushy 
 
 field ; perhaps garden scapes, 1862. G. W. C. 
 
 47. Tpomcea purpurea , Lam. Buffalo, 1862-4 ; the outcast of gardens, on 
 
 rubbish heaps, and, rarely, a scape. G. W. C. 
 
 48. Cuscuta injlexa, Engelm. Youngstown, Niagara county, 1864 : D.F. 
 
 Day & G.W.C. Salamanca, Cattaraugus county, 1864 : G.W.C. 
 This is the C. umbrosa , Beyr., of Dr. Engelmann in Gray’s 
 M anual ; but whether it be the C. umbrosa of the State Flora, 
 quaere ? 
 
 49. Ly coper sicum esculentum , Mill. Buffalo ; a frequent scape, almost 
 
 naturalized. G. W. C. 
 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 
 
 201 
 
 50. Pkysalis philadelphica , Lam. Buffalo, 1863 ; brought by railroad 
 
 trains? G. W. C. 
 
 51. Pkysalis pulescens, L. Buffalo, 1863. G. W. C. 
 
 5 2: Lyciuni harbarum , L. Suspension Bridge, Niagara county, 1864 ; 
 
 more bushy, and more decidedly armed than when in cultivation. 
 G. W. C. ' 
 
 53. Gentiana andrewsii . var. alhijlora , Gray ined. Salamanca, Cattarau- 
 
 gus county, 186:2 : G.W.C. Buffalo, 1861: D.F.Day. Auburn, 
 Rev. L. Holzer. 
 
 54. Periploca grceca, L. “Near Rochester, New-York.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 55. Corispermum hyssopi folium, L. Buffalo, 1862. G. W. C. 
 
 56. Chenopodium urbicum , L. Westchester, Westchester county : A. A. 
 
 Adee. 
 
 57. Chenopodium urbicum, L., v. rhombifolium, Moquin. Buffalo, 1862; 
 
 Salina, 1864 : G.W.C. Rochester, 1834 : D.F.Day. Probably 
 both the species and variety are common in the State. 
 
 58. Chenopodium glaucum , L. Salina, 1862 ; Albany, 1863 ; Buffalo, 
 
 1864 : G. W. C. The Island of New-York, 186! : T.F. Allen. 
 
 59. j Roulieva mullifida , Moquin. “ Waste places, New-York, in and 
 
 around the city : G. Carey.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 60. Amarantus polygonoides, L. Albany, 1864 : G. W. C. This is the 
 
 Amaranthus deflexus , Wield.? of the State Flora, as appears by 
 the specimen in the State Herbarium. But Euxolus deflexus, Raf. 
 [Amarantus deflexus, L.) is credited, by Gray’s Manual, to waste 
 places about the city of New-York. 
 
 61. Montelia tamarascina , Gray. “I have another species of this section, 
 
 collected by my fiiend Mr. G. Carey in a swamp near Whitehall ; 
 but, owing to the confusion that exists in the genus, I am unable 
 to determine without better materials than 1 can command at 
 present” (State Flora, vol. 2, p. 145). The plant referred to, as 
 appears by a specimen in the State Herbarium, is Montelia tama- 
 rascina , Gray ; the Amaranthus tamarascinus of the additional 
 list of 1853. 
 
 62. Polygonum incarnatum. Ell. Buffalo, 1863 : G.W.C. Rochester, 
 
 1834 : Rev- L. Holzer. 
 
 63. Polygonum pennsylvanicum, L., a var.? with greenish white flowers ; 
 
 Buffalo, 1863 : G. W. C. 
 
 64. Polygonum acre , II. B. Kb Buffalo, 1862; Cayuga marshes, 1864 : 
 
 G. W. C. Believed to be common throughout the State. 
 
 65. Rumex allissimus. Wood. “ Peekskill, Mead:” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 Buffalo, 1834 : G. W. C. 
 
 66. Rumex hydrolapathum, Hudson, var.? americanum., Gray. Buffalo, 
 
 1862; Cayuga marshes, 1864: G.W.C. Probably common in 
 the western anb northern parts of the State. It is not clear whe- 
 ther this, or the last species, is the Rumex britannicus of the State 
 
 Flora. 
 
 67. Callitriche autumnalis , L. Alexandria bay, Jefferson county, 1863 : 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 68. Euphorbia laihyris , L. Silver creek, Chautauqua county, 1863, nat.: 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 13* 
 
202 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 69. Euphorbia peplus, L. Received from W. M. Beauchamp, Esq., of 
 
 Skaneateles, 1864 ; a common garden weed there. 
 
 70. TJj'tica gracilis , Ait. Common in the State, at least in the western 
 
 portion of it. 
 
 71. Naias major , Allioni. In the Onondaga lake, and in the mouth of 
 
 a stream and pools on the beach of the lake at Liverpool, Onon- 
 daga county, September 1864. G. W. C. 
 
 72. Potamogeton robbinsii, Oakes. “White-Plains, New- York : H. Gr. 
 
 Clark.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 78. Potamogeton prcelongus , Wulf. Niagara river, New-York : Wood’s 
 C lass Book. 
 
 74. Potamogeton niagarensis , Tuck. Goat Island, just above Luna Island, 
 
 Niagara Falls : Prof. Tuckerman. 
 
 75. Sagittaria heterophylla , Pursh. Common, in the western part of the 
 
 State at least. 
 
 76. Smilax glauca , Walt. Staten Island, common, 1864 : T. F. A. 
 
 77. Smilax tamnoides, L. Staten Island, 1864 ; one plant only : T.F.A. 
 
 78. Trillium sessile, L. Rochester, 1868 ; only one specimen collected : 
 
 Rev. L. IIolzer. 
 
 79. Hemerocallis fulva, L. Buffalo ; garden scape : G. W. C. 
 
 80. Scirpus paucijlorus, Lightfoot. “Watertown, near Lake Ontario: 
 
 Dr. Crawe.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 81. Scirpus clintonii, Gray in Sill., vol. 38, p. 290. Buffalo, June 1864 : 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 82. Carex sychnocephala , Carey. “Jefferson county, Vasey & Knies- 
 
 kern ; and Little-falls, New-York, Vasey.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 83. Carex rostrata, Michx. “ Cold bogs ; Mountains of New-York, Ncw- 
 
 Ilampshire, northward.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 84. Carex grayii , Carey. “Low meadows on the banks of the Mohawk, 
 
 and of Wood creek, New-York.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 85. Carex extensa , Good. Coney Island, 1860, and again in 1864: T. F. 
 
 Allen. 
 
 86. Carex mirata, Dew. “In Greece, eleven miles west of Rochester and 
 
 six south of Lake Ontario, in 1829, by Dr. S. B. Bradley.” 
 Dewey in Sill., vol. 38, p. 290. 
 
 87. Aristida purpurascens , Poir. Common in Suffolk county, and at High 
 
 Bridge on the Island of New-York, 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 88. Aristida tuberculosa , Nutt. Coney Island, August 1864 : T.F. Allen. 
 
 89. Poa sylvestris, Gray. Buffalo, 1864 : G. W. C. 
 
 90. Bromus racemosus, L. Buffalo, G. W. C. ; and, probably, common in 
 
 the State. 
 
 91. Bromus mollis, L. “Wheat-fields, New-York and Pennsylvania; 
 
 scarce.” Gray’s Manual. 
 
 92. Cynosurus cristatus, L. Rochester and Buffalo, in lawns and court- 
 
 yards, creeping into the streets, 1864. G. W. C. 
 
 93. Lolium temulentum , L. Buffalo, 1862 : G. W. C. 
 
 94. Triticum vulgare, L. Common along railroads, and about flouring 
 
 mills, etc. ; very rarely in woods. Not naturalized. 
 
 95. Hordeum distichum , L. Same remarks. 
 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 
 
 203 
 
 96. Secale cereale. L. Commonish as a culture weed. 
 
 97. Setaria italica , Ktjnth. Buffalo, 1862 : G-. W. C. 
 
 98. Equisetum palustre, L. Squaw and Strawberry Islands, near Buffalo, 
 
 1862 : G. W. C. 
 
 99. Woodsia glabella , R. Brown. Little-falls, Herkimer county : Dr. 
 
 George Vasey. 
 
 100. Aspidium crist atum, var. major, Eaton ined. Akron, Erie county, 
 
 and Caledonia, Livingston county, 1864. G-. W. C. 
 
 101. Botrychiam virginicum , var. simplex, Gray. Buffalo, 1864 ; a large 
 
 form. G. W. C. 
 
 102. Azolla caroliniana, Willd. Charlotte, Monroe county : Rev. L. 
 
 Holzer. Irondequoit Bay : E. G. Pickett. Burnt-ship Bay 
 at the foot of Grand Island, 1864 : G. W. C. 
 
 103. Ducalia rupestris , Sell. One of the Hepaticacea:, new to this 
 
 country, until discovered in Schuyler county by Professor E. G. 
 Pickett of the People’s College, in 1864. 
 
 Of the plants named in the foregoing list, it is feared that the 
 following have disappeared from the State. 
 
 1. Periploca graica, L. 
 
 2. Carex sychnocephala, Carey. 
 
 3. Carex mirata, Dewey. 
 
 The following plants have been found growing so near the State, 
 and under such circumstances, as to warrant the belief that they 
 now are growing, or will soon extend themselves to and become 
 natives of the State. 
 
 1. Alyssum calycinum, . Brock’s Monument, Canada, 1863 : D. F. 
 
 Day & G. W. C. 
 
 2. Glycyrhiza lepidota, Nutt. Canadian shore opposite Buffalo, 1862 : 
 
 G. W. C. 
 
 3. Dysodia ckrysanthemoides, Lag. On the Lake Huron railway in 
 
 Canada, opposite Buffalo, 1863 : G. W. C. 
 
 The following plants, which are either maritime or principally 
 affect the seacoast, have been found on or near the coast of Lake 
 Erie, within or near the State. 
 
 1. Cakile americana , Nutt. 
 
 2. Lathyrus maritimus, Bigelow. 
 
 3. Euphorbia poly gonifolia, L. 
 
 4. Myrica cerifera, L. Erie, Pennsylvania, 1864 : G. W. C. 
 
 5. Zannichellia paluslris , L. 
 
 6. Scirpus maritimus, L. 
 
 7. Calamagrostis arenaria , Roth. Erie, Pennsylvania, 1864.* G. W.C. 
 
 8. Tricuspis purpurea , Gray. Buffalo, 1862 : G. W. C, 
 
204 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 The following plants, which are either maritime or affect the 
 seacoast, have been found in, or in the marshes adjoining the head 
 of, the Onondaga lake. 
 
 1. Rayiunculus cymbalaria, Pursh. 
 
 2. Blitum maritimum , Nutt. 1864 : G. AV. C. 
 
 3. Atriplex hast at a, L. 
 
 4. Salicoi’nia herlacea , L. 
 
 5. Naias major , Allioni. 1864 : G. AY. C. 
 
 6. Za.nnichellsa palustris , L. 1864 : G. AY. C. 
 
 7. Ruppia maritima , L. 1864 : Rev. John A. Paine jr. 
 
 8. Triglochin maritimum, L. 
 
 9. J uncus bulbosus, L. 1864 : G. IV. C. 
 
 10. Scirpus maritimus, L. 
 
 11. Leptochloa fascicular is, Gray. 1864 : G. AY. C. 
 
 12. Pa7iicum proliferum , Lam. 1864 : G. AY. C. 
 
 The following are new stations of rare plants, or remarkable 
 stations of common plants, and have not been hereinbefore given. 
 
 1. Clematis ochroleuca , Ait. New-Dorp, Staten Island. Flowers middle 
 
 of May; in fruit in June, 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 2. Ranunculus pusillus , Poir. New-Dorp, Staten Island, June 1864 : 
 
 T. F. Allen, M D. 
 
 3. Nasturtium lacustre. Gray. Buffalo, 1863 : G. AY. C. 
 
 4. Turritis stricta, Graham. Lewbston, Niagara county, 1863 : G.AY.C. 
 
 5. JDraba arabisans, Michx. “The counterfeiter’s ledge,” Akron, Erie 
 
 county, 1864 : D. F. Day & G. AY. 0. 
 
 6. Polanisia graveolens , Raf. Gravesend, Kings county : J.F.S. Smith, 
 
 M.D. ; AY. H. Leggett, Esq. 
 
 7. Euonymus america7ius, L. High Bridge, Island of New-York, 1860: 
 
 T. F. Allen. 
 
 8. Des7?iodium Icevigatum, DC. Patch ogue, Suffolk county, September 
 
 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 9. Viola selkirkii , Goldie. Hanover, Chautauqua county, 1833 : D. F. 
 
 Day, Esq. 
 
 10. Viola t7’icolor , var. arvensis, DC. Buffalo, 1833 : G. AY. C. 
 
 11. Potentilla fruticosa, L. Caledonia, Livingston county, 1834 : G.W.C. 
 
 12. Conioselhmm ca7iadense , T. & G. Portage, AYyoming county, 1863 ; 
 
 Caledonia, Livingston county, 1864 : G. AV. C. 
 
 13. Lythrum salicaria, L. Flushing, Queens county, August 1864 : T.F. 
 
 Allen, M.D. 
 
 14. Cuphea viscosissirna , Jacq. Fort AYashington, Island of New-York, 
 
 September 1864 : W. II. Leggett & T. F. Allen. 
 
 15. Lonicera oblongifolia , Hook. Akron, Erie county, 1864 : D. F. Day 
 
 & G. AY. C. Caledonia, Livingston county, 1864 : G. AA T . C. 
 
 16. Eupatorium hyssopifolium , L. Abundant in Suffolk county, 1864 : 
 
 T. F. Allen. 
 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 
 
 205 
 
 IT. Aster spectabili ? , Ait. Suffolk county, 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 18. Aster concolor, L. Suffolk county, 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 19. Aster ptarmicoides, T. & G. Niagara county, near the Whirlpool, 
 
 1862 : G. W. C. 
 
 20. Solidago tenu folia , Pursii. Common on New- York and Staten Isl- 
 
 ands : T. F. Allen. 
 
 21. Hudberkia hir/a , L. Common on Long Island : T.F.Alt.en. Diffused 
 
 through the central portions of the State, from Chautauqua county 
 to Albany, in meadows and pastures. G. W. C. 
 
 22. Anthem is arvensis, L. Fort Hamilton, Queens county, September 
 
 1864 : T. F. Allen. Bath, Long Island, September 1864 : W. 
 Leggett. Rochester, a weed in nurseries : llev. L. IIolzer. 
 28. Cacalia suaveolens , L. Rochester, 1864 : Rev. L. IIolzer. 
 
 24. Sonchus arvensis, L. Shore of the Cayuga lake, Tompkins county : 
 
 II. B. Lord, Esq. Rochester, 1864 : G. W. C. Staten Island, 
 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 
 25. Pyrola idiginosa, T. & G. Sphagnous swamp in the Tonawanda re- 
 
 servation, about five miles east of Akron, Erie county, 1864 : D. 
 
 F. Day & G. W. C. 
 
 26. Pteroxpora andromedea, Nutt. Portage, Wyoming county, 1863 : 
 
 G. W. C. I have seen it at Niagara Falls, and in two or three 
 places near Albany. So far as I have observed, it always grows 
 under or very near Pinus xtrobus, L. 
 
 27. Pex monticola, Gray. Rock City, Cattaraugus county, 1864 . G.W.C. 
 
 28. Hottonia itjiata , Ell. Common on Long Island : T. F. Allen. 
 
 29. Pycnanthemum muticum, Pers. Rochester, 1864 : Rev. L. II olzer. 
 
 30. Convolvulus arvensis , L. Buffalo, 1862 : D. F. Day & G. W. C. 
 
 31. Euphorbia ipecacuanha, L. Common in Suffolk county, and about 
 
 Flushing and Jamaica in Queens county : T. F. Allen. 
 
 32. Ainu x s errulata, Willd., was found by D. F. Day, Esq., in 1863, on 
 
 Squaw Island, near Buffalo, occupying a very limited station, and, 
 so far as we know, is confined in this region to that station. A. 
 incana , Willd., is the common Alder of the vicinity of Buffalo. 
 
 33. Zannichf'llia palustris, L. Flushing, Queens county, 1864 : T. F. 
 
 Allen. Buffalo, 1864 : Rev. L. IIolzer. 
 
 34. Erythronium albidum, Nutt. Banks of the Buffalo creek near Buf- 
 
 falo, 1863 : G. W. C. 
 
 35. Festuca duriuscula, L. Buffalo, 1864 : G. W. C. 
 
 36. Eleocliaris rostellata, Torr. “Gathered by me about Flushing, and 
 
 also about Springfield, Long Island. The form occurring here (as 
 in New-Durham, N.J., where I first found it) is very remarkable 
 for its long proliferous culms, which give it the appearance of 
 grass beaten down by w T ind or rain ; and it entangles the feet.” 
 T. F. Allen, M.D. 
 
 37. Carex subulala, Miciix. Magnolia swamps, Long Island, August 
 
 1864 : T. F. Allen. 
 

 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
( F. ) 
 
 RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 I. METEOROLOGICAL SYNOPSIS FOR 18G4 : TOLEDO, OHIO. 
 
 BY J. B. TREMBLEY, M.D. 
 
 Observations taken three times per day, by J. B. Trembley, M.D., in 
 the city of Toledo, Ohio : Latitude N. 41° 38' 47". 04 ; Longitude W. 
 82° 22' 17". 15. 
 
 Barometrical Table, showing the maximum and minimum height for the different 
 months of the year 1864 ; also the mean monthly height, range, greatest and 
 least daily variation ; also the maximum, minimum, mean barometrical range, 
 and greatest and least daily variation for the years 1864 , 1863 , 1862 , 1861 and 
 1860 . 
 
 Months. 
 
 .§ Tc 
 
 S 
 
 © 
 
 Minimum 
 
 height. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Mean height 
 | for the month, j 
 
 Range for the 
 month. 
 
 1 
 
 Greatest daily 
 variation. 
 
 : | 
 
 Least daily 
 variation. 
 
 Date. 
 
 January . . 
 
 29.68 
 
 2 
 
 28.94 
 
 j 13 
 
 29.346 
 
 ; 0.74 
 
 0.38 
 
 i 
 
 0.02 
 
 22 ! 
 
 February . 
 
 29.79 
 
 18 
 
 28.64 
 
 : 4 
 
 : 29.187 
 
 1.15 
 
 .47 
 
 ; 1 
 
 .03 
 
 12 ; 
 
 March ... 
 
 29.55 
 
 22 
 
 28.64 
 
 1 18 
 
 : 29.144 
 
 .91 
 
 .32 
 
 28 
 
 .03 
 
 16 
 
 Aptil .... 
 
 29.52 
 
 28 
 
 23.88 
 
 1 10 
 
 I 29.194 
 
 1 .64 
 
 .29 
 
 27 
 
 .02 
 
 14 I 
 
 May 
 
 ; 29.89 
 
 5 
 
 28.92 
 
 10 
 
 29.162 
 
 .47 
 
 .22 
 
 3 
 
 .01 
 
 14 
 
 June 
 
 29.61 
 
 28 
 
 28.90 
 
 9 
 
 29.344 
 
 .71 
 
 .27 
 
 8 
 
 .00 
 
 17 ! 
 
 July 
 
 29.50 
 
 27 
 
 29.12 
 
 1 
 
 29.330 ; 
 
 .38 
 
 .13 
 
 8 
 
 .00 ; 
 
 27 ! 
 
 August . • . 
 
 29.49 
 
 7 
 
 28.92 
 
 26 
 
 29.258 j 
 
 .57 
 
 .14 
 
 23 
 
 .01 ; 
 
 16 ! 
 
 September 
 
 29.48 
 
 30 
 
 28.98 
 
 14 
 
 29.256 
 
 .50 
 
 .27 
 
 15 
 
 .02 ‘ 
 
 27 
 
 October . . . 
 
 29.62 
 
 31 
 
 28.93 
 
 27 
 
 29.200 
 
 0.69 
 
 .18 
 
 31 
 
 .02 [ 
 
 7 
 
 November. 
 
 29.67 
 
 25 
 
 28.58 
 
 9 
 
 29.229 i 
 
 1.09 
 
 .40 
 
 9 
 
 .05 1 
 
 18 
 
 December, 
 
 29.85 
 
 9 
 
 28.63 
 
 27 
 
 29.185 
 
 1.22 
 
 0.39 
 
 9 
 
 0.03 
 
 16 
 
 1864.... 
 
 29.85 
 
 
 28.58 | 
 
 
 29.236 ! 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.57 
 
 
 0.00 
 
 
 1863 
 
 29.81 
 
 
 28.47 
 
 
 29.280 i 
 
 0.88 
 
 1.75 | 
 
 
 0.00 
 
 
 1862. ... 
 
 29.83 
 
 
 28.77 i 
 
 
 29.297 | 
 
 0.72 
 
 0.57 ; 
 
 
 0.00 
 
 
 1861.... 1 
 
 29.90 
 
 
 28.88 1 
 
 
 29.354 ! 
 
 0.63 
 
 0.66 i 
 
 
 0.00 
 
 
 1860 
 
 29.87 
 
 
 28.94 j 
 
 
 29.330 | 
 
 0.68 
 
 0.61 j 
 
 1 
 
 0.00 | 
 
 
 Mean Barometer for 5 years, 29.279. 
 
208 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET 
 
 Table showing the maximum, minimum, mean range, and greatest and least daily 
 variation of the thermometer for each month of the year 1864 ; also the mean 
 temperature of the warmest and coldest day in each month, with date of same. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Maximum height. 
 
 © 
 
 "cS 
 
 Minimum height. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Mean temperature for 
 the month. 
 
 Monthly range. 
 
 Greatest daily variation. | 
 
 Date. 
 
 Least daily variation. 
 
 •o^(i | 
 
 Mean tempera ture of the 
 warmest day. 
 
 © 
 
 Q 
 
 Mean temperature of the i 
 coldest day. 
 
 | Date. 
 
 January . . 
 
 68 
 
 28 
 
 —15 
 
 ! 
 
 27.254 
 
 83.00 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 55.66 
 
 28 
 
 — 11.66 
 
 1 
 
 '7 
 
 Februay . 
 
 59 
 
 23 
 
 — 6 
 
 18 
 
 31.829 
 
 65. 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 49.00 
 
 23 
 
 — 0.00 
 
 March . . . 
 
 67 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 35.717 
 
 58. 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 53.00 
 
 28 
 
 15.33 
 
 20 
 
 April .... 
 
 62 
 
 21 
 
 36 
 
 19 
 
 46.1 It 
 
 26. 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 56.00 
 
 22 
 
 39.00 
 
 16 
 
 May 
 
 90 
 
 31 
 
 37 
 
 14 
 
 63.190 
 
 53. 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 78.22 
 
 31 
 
 43.00 
 
 11 
 
 June 
 
 98 
 
 23 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 70.40! 
 
 38 . 
 
 31 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 87.33 
 
 25 
 
 53.66 
 
 1 
 
 | July 
 
 96 
 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 22 
 
 75.09 
 
 36. 
 
 24 
 
 1 5 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 83.33 
 
 19 
 
 65.00 
 
 22 
 
 August . . . 
 
 96 
 
 11 
 
 49 
 
 30 
 
 71 .101 
 
 47. 
 
 24 
 
 !io 
 
 1 
 
 |20 
 
 85.33 
 
 11 
 
 60.00 
 
 so 
 
 September 
 
 82 
 
 23 
 
 45 
 
 30 
 
 61.519 
 
 37 . 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 ,27 
 
 71.00 
 
 23 
 
 50.00 
 
 30 
 
 October . . 
 
 65 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 48. 01H 
 
 37. 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 61.00 
 
 5 
 
 ! 37.66 
 
 8 
 
 November, 
 
 70 
 
 29 
 
 13 
 
 113 
 
 ! 4). 641 
 
 57. 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 !io 
 
 65.33 
 
 29 
 
 ; 22.00 
 
 i 22 ! 
 
 December. 
 
 54 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 27.641 
 
 53. 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 0 
 
 23 
 
 51.00 
 
 2 
 
 6.66 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 186-1.... 
 
 98 
 
 
 —15 
 
 
 49.955 
 
 49.90 
 
 37 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 87,33 
 
 
 11.66 
 
 
 1863 .... 
 
 95 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 51.069 
 
 48.58 
 
 I 28 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 85.33 
 
 
 16 33 
 
 
 1862.... 
 
 97 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 51.310 
 
 45.25 
 
 35 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 87.00 
 
 
 16.33 
 
 
 18 51 .... 
 
 96 
 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 50.348 
 
 46.66 
 
 30 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 87.00 
 
 
 9.66 
 
 
 I860.... 
 
 94 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 49.343 
 
 1 44.13 
 
 41 
 
 
 2 , 
 
 i 
 
 83.00 
 
 
 2.66 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean Temperature for 5 
 
 ' years. 
 
 50.41. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Table showing the mean temperature of each month of the years 1860 , 1861 , 1862 , 
 1863 and 1864 ; also the mean of each year. 
 
 Months. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1862. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 January 
 
 28 87 
 
 25.55 
 
 27.090 
 
 34.104 
 
 27-254 
 
 February 
 
 30.56 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.317 
 
 31 166 
 
 31.820 
 
 March 
 
 42.56 
 
 35.88 
 
 34.835 
 
 35.244 
 
 35.717 
 
 April 
 
 48.37 
 
 49.43 
 
 49.350 
 
 48.615 
 
 46.119 
 
 May 
 
 63.96 
 
 55.01 
 
 60.147 
 
 63.060 
 
 63.190 
 
 June 
 
 64.18 
 
 69.48 
 
 66.186 
 
 68.275 
 
 70.400 
 
 July 
 
 72 00 
 
 70.26 
 
 79.900 
 
 74.507 
 
 75.090 
 
 August 
 
 70.21 
 
 71.48 
 
 74.170 
 
 72.950 
 
 71 . 1 03 
 
 September .... 
 
 59.16 
 
 62.90 
 
 66 064 
 
 61.651 
 
 61.519 
 
 October 
 
 50.87 
 
 53.38 
 
 53.824 
 
 44.878 
 
 48.000 
 
 November. , . . . 
 
 
 39. 9 L 
 
 40.785 
 
 44 . 1 63 
 
 40.641 
 
 December 
 
 24.05 
 
 38.14 
 
 36.125 
 
 34.223 
 
 27.641 
 
 Mean for year . i 
 
 49.343 
 
 50.368 i 
 
 51.316 
 
 51.009 
 
 49 900 
 
 Table showing the mean temperature of the seasons 1860 , 1861 , 1862, 1863 & 1864 
 
 j Seasons. 
 
 18G0. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1862. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Spring 
 
 51.63 
 
 46.77 
 
 47.977 
 
 48.973 
 
 48.008 
 
 Summer 
 
 68 79 
 
 70.40 
 
 73.418 
 
 71.91 
 
 72.164 
 
 Autumn 
 
 49.12 
 
 52.06 
 
 53.557 
 
 50.23 
 
 50.052 
 
 | Winter 
 
 *29.765 
 
 25.53 
 
 30.849 
 
 30 . 43 
 
 31.106 
 
 * Two mouths : January anti February. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 
 
 209 
 
 Table showing the depth of snow, and amount of melted snow and rain in inches 
 precipitated during each month of 1804; also the aggregate amount for the years 
 1864, 1863, 1862 and 1861. 
 
 Months. 
 
 
 Snow in inches. 
 
 Melted snow and 
 rain in inches. \ 
 
 January .. 
 
 
 12.500 
 
 0.375 
 
 February . 
 
 
 3.250 
 
 0.9375 
 
 March 
 
 
 7 750 
 
 1.9375 
 
 April .... 
 
 
 5.000 
 
 4.75 
 
 May 
 
 
 
 2.1875 * 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 3.5 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 3.25 
 
 August . . . 
 
 
 
 4.211 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 7.006 
 
 October - . 
 
 
 0.125 
 
 1.6875 
 
 November 
 
 
 6.500 
 
 5.8125 
 
 December. 
 
 
 13.000 
 
 1.5 
 
 Year 1864 
 
 
 48.125 
 
 37 • 1 545 
 
 £ * 1863 
 
 
 86.813 
 
 33.837 
 
 “ 1862 
 
 
 63.000 
 
 43.998 
 
 “ 1861 
 
 
 41.370 
 
 39.664 
 
 Mean for 4 years. 
 
 59.827 
 
 38.6633 
 
 Table showing the direction from which the wind blew ; number of clear, variable 
 and cloudy days ; number of days in which it rained and snowed during each 
 month of the year; also the same for the years 1863, 1862, 1861 and I860. 
 
 Months. 1 
 
 X' ! 
 
 55 
 
 
 02 
 
 No. of clear days. 
 
 No. of variable clays. 
 
 ! m 
 cS 
 
 % 
 
 C4-4 
 
 o 
 
 fci 
 
 No days which it rained. 
 No. days which it snowed. 
 
 Prevailing Winds. 
 
 January . . 
 
 66 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 2 9 (Southwesterly and westerly. 
 
 February . 
 
 1 68 1 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 i 3 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 3 ! 6 Southwesterly and westerly. 
 
 March 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 10 4 Southwesterly and westerly. 
 
 April .... 
 
 27 
 
 ! 22 
 
 | 38 
 
 3 
 
 ; l 
 
 9 j 
 
 [ 20 
 
 18 1 1 (Westerly and northeasterly. 
 
 May 
 
 47 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 11 .... Southwesterly and westerly. 
 
 June 
 
 28 j 
 
 ! 13 
 
 44 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 9 !.... Northeasterly. 
 
 July 
 
 56 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 21 ! 
 
 4 
 
 7 i ... . Southwesterly. 
 
 August . . . 
 
 47 1 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 16 | 
 
 9 
 
 10 .... Southwesterly and northeasterly. 
 
 September 
 
 47 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 15 ' 
 
 7 
 
 
 October . . . 
 
 48 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 6 1 3 Westerly. 
 
 November. 
 
 | 68 i 
 
 ' 8 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 7 ! 5 Southwesterly. 
 
 December . 
 
 64 
 
 12 
 
 1 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 4 7 (Southwesterly. 
 
 1864....; 
 
 6HS 
 
 204 
 
 229 
 
 57 
 
 55 
 
 162 
 
 ! 11) 
 
 ; 98 35 Westerly. 
 
 1863.... 
 
 482 
 
 230 
 
 300 
 
 81 
 
 68 
 
 140 : 
 
 157 
 
 92 | 35 i “ 
 
 1862.... 
 
 520 
 
 202 
 
 282 
 
 88 
 
 80 
 
 143 
 
 142 
 
 103 46 | “ 
 
 1861.... 
 
 580 
 
 192 
 
 218 
 
 105 
 
 70 
 
 185 ; 
 
 110 
 
 51 1 43 “ 
 
 1S60....I 
 
 501 
 
 217 
 
 229 
 
 148 
 
 127 
 
 78 
 
 161 
 
 100 1 34 “ 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 14 
 
210 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
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RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 211 
 
 3. Memoranda of the Appearance of Auroras, Solar and Lunar 
 Halos, Parhelia, &c. at Newbury, Vermont, 1864. 
 
 Febr. 9. 
 « 10 . 
 « 10 . 
 “ 17. 
 
 March 1. 
 
 “ 4. 
 
 “ 5 . 
 
 “ 15. 
 
 « 28. 
 April 3. 
 « 8 . 
 « 9. 
 
 22 ; 
 « 24. 
 
 May 2. 
 « 6 . 
 « 10 . 
 August 7. 
 « 16. 
 « 19. 
 
 a 26. 
 
 “ 27. 
 
 Octo. 20. 
 « 21 . 
 Nov. 19. 
 Dec. 20. 
 «< 21 . 
 
 “ 23. 
 
 Brilliant Aurora, 9 to 11 p.m. 
 
 Parhelion west of the Sun, 3 J p.m. 
 
 Bright Aurora, 8 to 10 p.m. 
 
 Lunar Halo, 8 p.m. 
 
 Snow-storm commenced at 9 p.m. This storm commenced at 
 New- York city at 9 a.m. same day. 
 
 Pale Aurora low in the north. 
 
 Rain-storm commenced at 7 p.m., and rained till 9 J- a.m. of the 
 7tli : then rained and snowed till evening. Wind southwest 
 the 5th, southeast the 6th, northwest the 7th. 
 
 One Parhelion north of the Sun, and one south of it : noon. 
 Slight Aurora, 10 p.m. 
 
 Solar Halo, 5 J p.m. 
 
 Aurora with small streamers, 9 p.m. ; low in the north. 
 
 Pale Aurora low in the north, 9 p.m. 
 
 Lunar Halo, 10 p.m. 
 
 Brilliant Aurora, 9 to 11 p.m. 
 
 Solar Halo, 11 to 12 a.m. 
 
 Slight Aurora, 9 p.m. 
 
 First Thunder-shower, 4 to 5 p.m. 
 
 Pale Aurora low in the north, 9 p.m. 
 
 Rainbow in west, 8 a.m. 
 
 Brilliant Aurora with streamers, 9 p in. 
 
 Top of Moose hillock white with snow. 
 
 First frost this morning. 
 
 Bright Aurora low in north, 9 p.m. 
 
 Bright Aurora low in north, 9 p.m. 
 
 Pale. Aurora, evening. 
 
 Pale Aurora low in north, 9 p.m. 
 
 At one o’clock p.m. a furious northeast snow-storm commenced, 
 and continued to the morning of the 22d : twelve inches of 
 snow fell. 
 
 Mercury 20° below zero at eight o’clock a.m. 
 
BY JOHN N. BRINCKERIIOFF. 
 
 212 
 
 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROTOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 213 
 
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 1 27 4; cloudy days in the year. 
 
 ! 366 Total. 
 
 85 days on which rain fell. 
 
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 1 39.51 inches : Total fall of rain and snow. 
 
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214 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 IV. METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS FOR 18G4, AND FOR 28 YEARS 
 NOW ENDED : ROCHESTER, NEW-YORK. 
 
 BY CHESTER DEWEY, D.D. 
 
 Observations taken at 7 a.m., and at 2 and 9 p m. 
 
 TABLE I : Thermometer. 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 18«4. 
 
 28 
 
 Months. 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 1 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 YII. 
 
 YIII. 
 
 IX. ; 
 
 - ' 
 
 Jan. 
 
 { 1st half . 
 ) 2d half . 
 
 18.38 
 
 32.60 
 
 25.72 
 
 34.33 
 
 44.00! 
 
 1.33 
 
 18.00 
 
 39° 
 
 56 
 
 —4° ! 
 9 
 
 60° 
 
 25.92 
 
 25.23 
 
 25.51: 
 
 Feb. 
 
 I : 
 
 30.17 
 
 26.87 
 
 28.46 
 
 39.00 
 
 44.00 
 
 10.33 
 
 1.00 
 
 43 
 
 54 
 
 8 ! 
 —2 
 
 56 
 
 24.24' 
 
 27.19 
 
 25.70' 
 
 j March 
 
 1 :: 
 
 34.04 
 
 29.98 
 
 31 . 95] 
 
 45.67 
 
 44.00 
 
 27-671 
 
 15.67 
 
 57 
 
 54 
 
 20 ! 
 7 I 
 
 50 
 
 30.14 
 
 34.36 
 
 32.30 
 
 April 
 
 1 :: 
 
 42.20 
 
 44.18 
 
 43.18 
 
 46.67 
 
 54.33 
 
 37.33 
 
 38.33 
 
 54 
 
 66 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 40.97 
 
 46.94 
 
 43.94 
 
 May 
 
 I :: 
 
 54.00 
 
 63.54 
 
 58.93 
 
 68-00 
 
 72.00 
 
 40.33 
 
 53.00 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 37 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 52.99 
 
 59.05 
 
 56.30 
 
 ; June 
 
 1 :: 
 
 59.56 
 
 74.69 
 
 67.12 
 
 71.33 
 
 83.67 
 
 ! 49.00 
 60.00 
 
 82 
 
 93 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 48 
 
 63.13 
 
 68.991 
 
 66.04 
 
 1 July 
 
 1 :: 
 
 72.91 
 
 74.04 
 
 73.50 
 
 79.67 
 | 81.33 
 
 64.67 
 
 63.67 
 
 92 
 
 93 
 
 60 
 
 57 
 
 33 
 
 70.25 
 
 71.04 
 
 70.65 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1 :: 
 
 74.93 
 
 67.15 
 
 70.91 
 
 83.33 
 
 77.33 
 
 65.00 
 
 55.67 
 
 92 
 
 85 
 
 62 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 70.12 
 
 67.23 
 
 68.63 
 
 Sept. 
 
 < •• 
 
 \ •• 
 
 60.87 
 
 57.71 
 
 59.29 
 
 67-33 
 
 70.33 
 
 56.67 
 ! 47.00 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 59 
 
 42 
 
 38 
 
 63.83 
 
 56.88 
 
 60.37 
 
 Oct. 
 
 $ •• 
 
 49.13 
 
 44.04 
 
 46.50 
 
 65.33 
 
 49.00 
 
 37.33 
 j 40.00 
 
 72 
 
 54 
 
 34 
 
 32 
 
 40 
 
 51.32 
 
 45.08 
 
 48.07i 
 
 Nov. 
 
 I 
 
 S :: 
 
 39.51 
 
 37.58 
 
 38.54 
 
 64.67 
 
 59.67 
 
 30.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 68 
 
 64 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 48 
 
 41.22 
 
 34.86 
 
 38.04 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1 
 
 29.77 
 
 27.73 
 
 28.72 
 
 48.67 
 
 41 . 67 j 
 
 13.67 
 1 10.67 
 
 54 
 
 47 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 30.96 
 
 25.73 
 
 28.65; 
 
 1 
 
 1 i 
 
 Mean of year 1864, 47.73 : Range of year, 97°. 
 
 Mean of 28 years, 47.02. 
 
 This Table shows us, Column I, the average temperature for each half- 
 month, and, II, of each month ; III & IY, the highest and lowest mean of 
 each half-month ; Y & YI, the highest and lowest temperature of each half, 
 and, YII, the range of temperature in the month ; YIII, the average mean 
 temperature of each half-month, and, IX, of each month for 28 years. 
 
 From the table is deduced, 1, the mean temperature of the year, 47°. 73, 
 and the range of temperature in this year, 97° ; and, 2, the average mean 
 temperature for 28 years, 47°. 02 : the .02 is in excess from the decimals. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 215 
 
 In the order a , b, c & d , 
 
 («)• 
 
 (ft). 
 
 Annual mean temperature. 
 
 Annual mean temperature. 
 
 1837 45.72 
 
 1851 47-75 
 
 
 8 45.10 
 
 2 47.09 
 
 
 9 40.72 
 
 3 48.30 
 
 
 1S40 47.00 
 
 4 47.97 
 
 
 1 40.30 
 
 5 40.70 
 
 
 2 47.44 
 
 0 44.97 
 
 
 3 44.70 
 
 7 45.94 
 
 
 4 40.77 
 
 8 47.04 
 
 
 5 47.01 
 
 9 47.32 
 
 
 0 48.20 
 
 1800 47.58 
 
 
 7 40.44 
 
 1 47.31 
 
 
 8 47.94 
 
 2 47.18 
 
 
 9 47.59 
 
 3 47.30 
 
 655.02 
 
 1850 47.97 
 
 1804 47.73 
 
 660.84 
 
 055.02 
 
 000.84 
 
 1315.86 for 28 years. 
 
 Mean 40.79 of 1st 14 years. 
 
 Mean 47.20 of 2d 14 years. 
 
 47.00 mean. 
 
 ( c ). The range of annual mean temperature is here seen to be from 
 44°. 7 in 1843, to 48°. 3 in 1853. The annual means, also, are only twice 
 below 45°, and only twice above 48°. 
 
 (if). In the 28 years, the range has been, at the hours of observation, 
 from 102° down to 20° below zero, or equal to 122° ; and the same night, 
 at 3 a.m. was 25° below. 
 
 To show, on a moment’s inspection, the relative temperature of any month 
 or half-month, the following Table has been made with much care. The 
 mean temperature of any month or half-month in the 28 years is simply 
 compared with the general average of that time at the bottom. Thus, the 
 general mean of the first half of January 1837 is 25°. 92, while the mean 
 of that half in 1837 is 17°. 02, or very cold ; in 1856, is 15°. 91, still colder; 
 in 1857, is 17°. 04, less severe ; in 1858, is 32°. 95, warm for the season ; 
 and in 1838, is 36°. 67, very warm for this half of January. So we see that 
 both halves of January 1856 and 1857 were far below their general means; 
 and that the first half-months of February 1856 and 1857 were also very 
 cold, while the first half of February 1850 was 34°. 55, very warm for the 
 season, and of 1853 was 35°. 05, still warmer. Also the general mean of the 
 first half of December was 30°. 96, and of that half in 1861 was 37°. 71, 
 very warm for the season, as many may recollect ; for the mean tempera- 
 ture of some of its days wa3 above 55°, and one exceeded 60°. 
 
21G EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET 
 
 Table II : Mean Temperature of each half-month and of each month, and the mean 
 of the whole for 28 years, 1887 to 1864 inclusive. 
 
 
 JANUARY. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 j 
 
 Year. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. | 
 
 1837 
 
 17.02 
 
 23.31 
 
 20 . 16 
 
 21.64 
 
 24.45 
 
 23.04 
 
 26.36 
 
 32.89 
 
 29.62 
 
 1838 
 
 36.67 
 
 25.94 
 
 31 . 30 
 
 18.29 
 
 12.12 
 
 15 20 
 
 31.65 
 
 38.98 
 
 35.43 1 
 
 1839 
 
 32 . 02 
 
 18.60 
 
 25.31 
 
 20 . 22 
 
 35.00 
 
 27.61 
 
 28.71 
 
 35.96- 
 
 32.33 ! 
 
 1840 
 
 19.19 
 
 19.54 
 
 19.32 
 
 27 . 78 
 
 36.38 
 
 32.08 
 
 33.98 
 
 34.58 
 
 34.28 1 
 
 1841 
 
 25.85 
 
 28.12 
 
 27.02 
 
 19.62 
 
 27.14 
 
 23.38 
 
 23.82 
 
 33 . 63 
 
 28.83 ! 
 
 1842 
 
 26.44 
 
 32.19 
 
 29.37 
 
 37.88 
 
 27.52 
 
 30.70 
 
 38.11 
 
 40.67 
 
 39.43 
 
 1843 
 
 29.69 
 
 33.22 
 
 31.38 
 
 16.88 
 
 17.22 
 
 17.05 
 
 20.29 
 
 23.62 
 
 22.02 
 
 1844 
 
 24.33 
 
 15.73 
 
 19.89 
 
 23 . 82 
 
 30.33 
 
 27.00 
 
 37.48 
 
 31 . 52 
 
 33.99 
 
 1845 
 
 28.15 
 
 25.70 
 
 26.89 
 
 17.48 
 
 36.99 
 
 27.24 
 
 35.40 
 
 39.23 
 
 37.38 
 
 1846 
 
 29.54 
 
 23 . 29 
 
 25.55 
 
 25.88 
 
 18.15 
 
 21.96 
 
 30.49 
 
 37.21 
 
 33.95 
 
 1847 
 
 27 . 67 
 
 20.31 
 
 23 . 87 
 
 25.93 
 
 22.95 
 
 24.44 
 
 25.20 
 
 30 . 00 
 
 27.68 
 
 1848 
 
 27.60 
 
 31.87 
 
 29.81 
 
 23.26 
 
 28 . 93 
 
 26.20 
 
 24.78 
 
 38.31 
 
 31.76 
 
 1849 
 
 18.67 
 
 25.69 
 
 22 . 29 
 
 20.94 
 
 23.35 
 
 22.15 
 
 31 . 58 
 
 37.81 
 
 35.12 
 
 1850 
 
 27 . 36 
 
 34.82 
 
 30.09 
 
 34. 55 
 
 30.07 
 
 32.31 
 
 32.73 
 
 30 . 56 
 
 31.61 
 
 1851 
 
 30.06 
 
 25 65 
 
 27.79 
 
 26.60 
 
 36.33 
 
 31.46 
 
 32.20 
 
 41.13 
 
 36.81 
 
 1852 
 
 21.60 
 
 19.83 
 
 20 . 69 
 
 30.26 
 
 23.89 
 
 26 . 96 
 
 32.84 
 
 30.96 
 
 31.87 1 
 
 1853 
 
 29 . 69 
 
 22.17 
 
 25.86 
 
 35.05 
 
 27.25 
 
 31.15 
 
 30.53 
 
 37 . 16 
 
 33.95 
 
 1854 
 
 27.74 
 
 23.12 
 
 25.86 
 
 24.07 
 
 24.05 
 
 24.06 
 
 40.17 
 
 27.37 
 
 33.21 
 
 1855 
 
 32.22 
 
 23.25 
 
 27.59 
 
 14.79 
 
 20.86 
 
 17.82 
 
 30.47 
 
 29.90 
 
 30.17 
 
 1856 
 
 15.91 
 
 17.15 
 
 16 . 55 
 
 13.53 
 
 22.67 
 
 17.94 
 
 19.33 
 
 28.83 
 
 24.23 
 
 1857 
 
 17.04 
 
 13.00 
 
 14.96 
 
 29.12 
 
 38.02 
 
 33.57 
 
 22.07 
 
 37.48 
 
 30.02 
 
 1858 
 
 32.95 
 
 30.17 
 
 31.84 
 
 22.52 
 
 19.36 
 
 20.94 
 
 22.93 
 
 40.29 
 
 31.89 
 
 1859 
 
 25.67 
 
 30.87 
 
 28.35 
 
 24.37 
 
 35.64 
 
 30.00 
 
 37.02 
 
 41.44 
 
 39.30 
 
 1860 
 
 24.69 
 
 30.69 
 
 27.80 
 
 22.67 
 
 30.12 
 
 26.50 
 
 35.22 
 
 38.21 
 
 36.76 
 
 1861 
 
 22.36 
 
 24.65 
 
 23.51 
 
 27.05 
 
 32.10 
 
 29.57 
 
 30.98 
 
 31 . 56 
 
 31.28 
 
 1862 
 
 22.89 
 
 26.52 
 
 24.76 
 
 24.83 
 
 24.67 
 
 24.75 
 
 30.64 
 
 31.52 
 
 31.10 
 
 1863 
 
 33.33 
 
 28.35 
 
 30.76 
 
 23.36 
 
 28.88 
 
 26.12 
 
 25.02 
 
 31.35 
 
 28.29 
 
 1864 
 
 18.38 
 
 32.60 
 
 25.72 
 
 30.17 
 
 26.87 
 
 28.46 
 
 34.04 
 
 29.98 
 
 31.95 
 
 Means 
 
 25.92 
 
 Ci 1 
 
 25.51 
 
 24.24 
 
 27.19 
 
 25.70 
 
 30.14 
 
 34.36 
 
 32.30 
 
 
 
 APRIL. 
 
 
 
 MAY. 
 
 
 JUNE. 
 
 1837 
 
 39.64 
 
 43.37 
 
 41.50 
 
 54.27 
 
 55.06 
 
 54.68 
 
 66 . 64 
 
 64.84 
 
 65.74 
 
 1838 
 
 37.40 
 
 37.73 
 
 37.56 
 
 48.40 
 
 54.13 
 
 52.39 
 
 66 . 54 
 
 70.71 
 
 68.62 
 
 1839 
 
 49.04 
 
 50.12 
 
 49-58 
 
 52.96 
 
 56.13 
 
 54. 54 
 
 57.89 
 
 61.29 
 
 59.59 
 
 1840 
 
 42.86 
 
 54.71 
 
 48.78 
 
 52.51 
 
 65.87 
 
 59.37 
 
 62.98 
 
 67.02 
 
 65.00 
 
 1841 
 
 35.24 
 
 45.15 
 
 40.20 
 
 44.98 
 
 63.04 
 
 54.30 
 
 69.55 
 
 69.51 
 
 69.53 
 
 1842 
 
 43.64 
 
 49.64 
 
 46.79 
 
 51.11 
 
 56.29 
 
 53 . 85 
 
 58.82 
 
 65.69 
 
 62.25 
 
 1843 
 
 39.88 
 
 49.42 
 
 44.65 
 
 54.69 
 
 52.99 
 
 53.82 
 
 56-13 
 
 69.27 
 
 62.70 
 
 1844 
 
 52.98 
 
 52.89 
 
 52.93 
 
 57.35 
 
 60.56 
 
 59.01 
 
 60.22 
 
 68.04 
 
 64.13 
 
 1845 
 
 38.13 
 
 54.46 
 
 46.29 
 
 55.55 
 
 51.75 
 
 53.66 
 
 67.12 
 
 63.92 
 
 65.02 
 
 1846 
 
 41.40 
 
 52.93 
 
 47.16 
 
 56.97 
 
 64.42 
 
 60.82 
 
 64.82 
 
 67.91 
 
 66.37 
 
 1847 
 
 40.69 
 
 41.62 
 
 41.15 
 
 55.98 
 
 62.45 
 
 59.32 
 
 60.98 
 
 66.44 
 
 63.71 
 
 1848 
 
 43.44 
 
 43.42 
 
 43.43 
 
 1 56.04 
 
 65.08 
 
 60.71 
 
 62.91 
 
 73.24 
 
 68.02 
 
 1849 
 
 43.26 
 
 43.33 
 
 43.80 
 
 48.69 
 
 58.46 
 
 53.73 
 
 64.47 
 
 73.26 
 
 68.86 
 
 1850 
 
 37.42 
 
 47 76 
 
 42.59 
 
 ! 49.75 
 
 52.73 
 
 51.28 
 
 67.07 
 
 72.04 
 
 69.56 
 
 1851 
 
 41.36 
 
 46.31 
 
 43.83 
 
 54.35 
 
 61.75 
 
 58 27 
 
 60.56 
 
 70.64 
 
 65.60 
 
 1852 
 
 36.58 
 
 42.53 
 
 39.55 
 
 56.02 
 
 57.73 
 
 56 . 90 
 
 63.78 
 
 69.07 
 
 66.42 
 
 1853 
 
 39.27 
 
 48.13 
 
 43.70 
 
 52.46 
 
 58.83 
 
 55.75 
 
 70.62 
 
 73.20 
 
 71.91 
 
 1854 
 
 39.13 
 
 45.60 
 
 42.36 
 
 55.60 
 
 60 . 50 
 
 58.13 
 
 65.16 
 
 71.71 
 
 68.43 
 
 1855 
 
 37.31 
 
 53.02 
 
 45.17 
 
 53.22 
 
 59.82 
 
 56 . 66 
 
 59.11 
 
 68.16 
 
 63.63 
 
 1856 
 
 40.51 
 
 51.89 
 
 46.20 
 
 52.44 
 
 56 . 85 
 
 54.72 
 
 64.76 
 
 73.28 
 
 69.02 
 
 1857 
 
 37.33 
 
 39.23 
 
 38.28 
 
 47.64 
 
 59.27 
 
 53.62 
 
 60.93 
 
 66.56 
 
 63.74 
 
 1858 
 
 45.75 
 
 44.11 
 
 44.93 
 
 52.93 
 
 54.71 
 
 53.88 
 
 63.73 
 
 77.73 
 
 70.73 
 
 1859 
 
 40 . 93 
 
 42.13 
 
 41.03 
 
 59.71 
 
 61.83 
 
 60.81 
 
 59.55 
 
 67.31 
 
 63.43 
 
 1860 
 
 42.07 
 
 45.00 
 
 43.53 
 
 61.44 
 
 62.08 
 
 61.77 
 
 63.51 
 
 69.11 
 
 66.31 
 
 1861 
 
 42.18 
 
 48.91 
 
 45.54 
 
 49.20 
 
 54.35 
 
 51.86 
 
 66.89 
 
 65.95 
 
 66.42 
 
 1862 
 
 39.64 
 
 47.27 
 
 43.45 
 
 52.60 
 
 58.73 
 
 55.76 
 
 60.67 
 
 64.67 
 
 62.67 
 
 1863 
 
 37.95 
 
 48.47 
 
 43.21 
 
 50.85 
 
 64.63 
 
 57.96 
 
 62.69 
 
 66.47 
 
 64.58 
 
 1864 
 
 42.20 
 
 44.18 
 
 43.18 
 
 54.00 
 
 j 
 
 63.54 
 
 58.93 
 
 59.56 
 
 74.69 
 
 67.12 
 
 Means 
 
 40.97 
 
 46.94 
 
 43.94 
 
 ! 52.99 
 
 59.05 
 
 56.30 
 
 ' 63.13 
 
 68.99 
 
 66.04 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 217 
 
 Table II (Concluded). 
 
 1 
 
 JULY. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. 
 
 1st half. 
 
 2d half. 
 
 Month. 
 
 1837 
 
 68.24 
 
 68.85 
 
 68.55 
 
 70.22 
 
 65. 3l 
 
 67.69 
 
 61.60 
 
 57. Si) 
 
 59.74 
 
 i 1838 
 
 74.49 
 
 71.04 
 
 72.74 
 
 ' 69.31 
 
 67.46 
 
 68.64 
 
 60.40 
 
 58.71 
 
 59.55 
 
 1839 
 
 67.53 
 
 73.08 
 
 70.30 
 
 64.34 
 
 66.42 
 
 65.65 
 
 62.34 
 
 55.19 
 
 58.76 
 
 1840 
 
 69.07 
 
 70.40 
 
 69.75 
 
 65.89 
 
 71.19 
 
 68.62 
 
 60.51 
 
 55.09 
 
 57.80 
 
 1 1841 
 
 67.40 
 
 69.49 
 
 68.63 
 
 68.70 
 
 68.85 
 
 68.81 
 
 67.60 
 
 59.73 
 
 63.67 
 
 1 1842 
 
 66.46 
 
 71.23 
 
 68.96 
 
 65.93 
 
 69.21 
 
 67.63 
 
 63.09 
 
 53.13 
 
 58.11 
 
 1843 
 
 66.69 
 
 69.04 
 
 67.91 
 
 68.95 
 
 68-71 
 
 68.89 
 
 62.24 
 
 60.22 
 
 61.23 
 
 1844 
 
 68.69 
 
 68.89 
 
 68.79 
 
 66.93 
 
 64.21 
 
 65.53 
 
 65.60 
 
 54.94 
 
 60.27 
 
 ! 1845 
 
 71.07 
 
 69.37 
 
 70.19 
 
 69.42 
 
 70.46 
 
 69.95 
 
 60.90 
 
 56.00 
 
 58.45 
 
 ; 1846 
 
 70.75 
 
 70.67 
 
 70.70 
 
 74.24 
 
 67 • 54 
 
 70.78 
 
 72.07 
 
 58.71 
 
 65.39 
 
 1847 
 
 71.53 
 
 70.81 
 
 71.16 
 
 68.98 
 
 65.79 
 
 67.73 
 
 61.16 
 
 55.89 
 
 58.52 
 
 1848 
 
 68.84 
 
 71.77 
 
 70.39 
 
 72.13 
 
 69.60 
 
 70.85 
 
 62.20 
 
 52.42 
 
 57.31 
 
 1849 
 
 71.16 
 
 71.71 
 
 71.44 
 
 67.67 
 
 71.50 
 
 69.06 
 
 63.44 
 
 59.12 
 
 61.38 
 
 1 1850 
 
 73.69 
 
 71.79 
 
 72.71 
 
 71.78 
 
 67-29 
 
 69.46 
 
 62.15 
 
 58.73 
 
 60.44 
 
 ! 1851 
 
 67.85 
 
 72.58 
 
 70.29 
 
 69.25 
 
 66.27 
 
 67.72 
 
 68.80 
 
 55.11 
 
 61.96 
 
 1852 
 
 72.90 
 
 70.64 
 
 71.69 
 
 66.20 
 
 69.95 
 
 68.14 
 
 65.53 
 
 55.36 
 
 60.44 
 
 1853 
 
 69.42 
 
 69.33 
 
 69.38 
 
 76.11 
 
 66.33 
 
 71.06 
 
 66.47 
 
 58.42 
 
 62.45 
 
 1854 
 
 72.55 
 
 76.90 
 
 74.80 
 
 70.02 
 
 71.31 
 
 70.69 
 
 68.24 
 
 58.29 
 
 63.26 
 
 • 1855 
 
 70.20 
 
 73.77 
 
 72.04 
 
 71.02 
 
 65.21 
 
 68.02 
 
 66.98 
 
 58-95 
 
 62.96 
 
 i 1856 
 
 70.84 
 
 76.04 
 
 73.52 
 
 69.80 
 
 63-30 
 
 66.44 
 
 65.13 
 
 54.76 
 
 59.94 
 
 ] 1857 
 
 70.91 
 
 73.35 
 
 72.16 
 
 71.09 
 
 63.75 
 
 67.30 
 
 67.20 
 
 54.64 
 
 60.92 
 
 1858 
 
 73.22 
 
 69.37 
 
 71.21 
 
 73.47 
 
 64.37 
 
 68.67 
 
 66.27 
 
 56.20 
 
 61.23 
 
 ' 1859 
 
 70.38 
 
 69.54 
 
 69.94 
 
 72.31 
 
 65.06 
 
 68.59 
 
 57.09 
 
 59.44 
 
 58.26 
 
 1860 
 
 65.71 
 
 67.75 
 
 66.76 
 
 67.93 
 
 67.81 
 
 67.87 
 
 60.02 
 
 54.87 
 
 57.44 
 
 ; 1861 
 
 68.00 
 
 69.27 
 
 68.66 
 
 68.29 
 
 66.94 
 
 67.59 
 
 63.73 
 
 58.07 
 
 60.90 
 
 I 1862 
 
 71.80 
 
 69.31 
 
 70.52 
 
 72.89 
 
 66.73 
 
 69.71 
 
 64.25 
 
 60.60 
 
 62.42 
 
 ! 1863 
 
 I 74.22 
 
 68.96 
 
 71.51 
 
 74.98 
 
 64.65 
 
 69.67 
 
 61.51 
 
 54.42 
 
 57.96 
 
 ' 1864 
 
 72.91 
 
 74.04 
 
 73.50 
 
 74.93 
 
 67.15 
 
 70.92 
 
 60.87 
 
 57.71 
 
 59.29 
 
 Means 
 
 70.25 
 
 71.04 
 
 70.65 
 
 70.12 
 
 67.23 
 
 68.63 
 
 63.83 
 
 56.88 
 
 60.37 
 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 DECEMBER. 
 
 1837 
 
 47.22 
 
 46.69 
 
 46.95 
 
 42.91 
 
 40.51 
 
 41.71 
 
 30.86 
 
 27.52 
 
 29.37 
 
 1838 j 
 
 50.73 
 
 39.12 
 
 44.74 
 
 38.29 
 
 27.04 
 
 32.66 
 
 26.53 
 
 18.83 
 
 22.56 
 
 1839 
 
 54.84 
 
 52.62 
 
 53.70 
 
 37.89 
 
 30.76 
 
 34.32 
 
 34.75 
 
 23.33 
 
 28.86 
 
 1840 
 
 53.33 
 
 42.15 
 
 47.56 
 
 42.29 
 
 31.86 
 
 37.07 
 
 29.33 
 
 21.21 
 
 25.14 
 
 1841 
 
 48.18 
 
 41.60 
 
 44.79 
 
 41.96 
 
 31.96 
 
 36.96 
 
 37.44 
 
 24.04 
 
 30.53 
 
 1842 
 
 52.68 
 
 45.91 
 
 49.19 
 
 42.19 
 
 28.22 
 
 35.20 
 
 29.63 
 
 25.98 
 
 27.74 
 
 1843 
 
 48.64 
 
 38-52 
 
 43.42 
 
 30.80 
 
 35.11 
 
 32.95 
 
 28.09 
 
 32.58 
 
 30.44 
 
 1844 
 
 47.13 
 
 40.36 
 
 43.63 
 
 39.20 
 
 30.46 
 
 34.83 
 
 29.95 
 
 26.23 
 
 28.03 
 
 1845 
 
 52.53 
 
 44.98 
 
 48.63 
 
 40.82 
 
 34.40 
 
 37-61 
 
 22.89 
 
 22.64 
 
 22.76 
 
 1846 , 
 
 52 . 67 
 
 39.94 
 
 46.06 
 
 47.31 
 
 36.35 
 
 41.83 
 
 28.84 
 
 28.31 
 
 28.57 
 
 1847 1 
 
 50.53 
 
 44.21 
 
 47.27 
 
 45.37 
 
 35.91 
 
 40.64 
 
 37.31 
 
 27.29 
 
 32.34 
 
 1848 | 
 
 46.72 
 
 47.06 
 
 46.90 
 
 35.42 
 
 36.22 
 
 35.82 
 
 37.22 
 
 31.16 
 
 34.10 
 
 1849 ! 
 
 49.44 
 
 48.06 
 
 48.73 
 
 50.04 
 
 42.60 
 
 46.32 
 
 29.71 
 
 26.94 
 
 28.28 
 
 1850 ! 
 
 49.33 
 
 47.02 
 
 48.14 
 
 45.84 
 
 37.84 
 
 41.84 
 
 29.04 
 
 21.85 
 
 25.66 
 
 1851 , 
 
 55.62 
 
 46-25 
 
 50.78 
 
 35.36 
 
 33.96 
 
 34.66 
 
 26.87 
 
 20.65 
 
 23.66 
 
 ! 1852 
 
 56.38 
 
 47.79 
 
 51.95 
 
 39.31 
 
 33.11 
 
 36.21 
 
 37.02 
 
 31.75 
 
 34.30 
 
 1853 j 
 
 46.58 
 
 45.51 
 
 46.02 
 
 41.16 
 
 42.20 
 
 41.68 
 
 32.09 
 
 22.75 
 
 27.27 
 
 1854 : 
 
 55.67 
 
 49.77 
 
 52.52 
 
 39.38 
 
 35.84 
 
 37.58 
 
 25.56 
 
 23.79 
 
 24.71 
 
 1855 
 
 50.20 
 
 44.15 
 
 47.08 
 
 46.87 
 
 34.07 
 
 40.47 
 
 33.82 
 
 24.97 
 
 29.26 
 
 1856 | 
 
 57.79 
 
 45.04 
 
 48.31 
 
 40.93 
 
 36.44 
 
 38.69 
 
 28.20 
 
 20.12 
 
 24.03 
 
 1857 ( 
 
 52.07 
 
 42.61 
 
 47.18 
 
 42.53 
 
 29.60 
 
 36.07 
 
 35.44 
 
 31.21 
 
 33.26 
 
 1858 
 
 51.22 
 
 50.35 
 
 50.77 
 
 37.98 
 
 31.93 
 
 34.96 
 
 32.09 
 
 27.83 
 
 29.89 
 
 1859 1 
 
 51.25 
 
 38.71 
 
 44.77 
 
 42.40 
 
 39.11 
 
 40.75 
 
 25.07 
 
 20.40 
 
 22.66 
 
 1860 ' 
 
 48.78 
 
 52.08 
 
 50.49 
 
 44.91 
 
 34.38 
 
 39.64 
 
 25.31 
 
 26.85 
 
 26.11 
 
 1861 
 
 55.33 
 
 47.33 
 
 51.04 
 
 41.22 
 
 33 . 84 
 
 37.53 
 
 37.71 
 
 28.77 
 
 33.10 
 
 1862 
 
 58.04 
 
 44.31 
 
 50.96 
 
 39.38 
 
 36.91 
 
 38.14 j 
 
 33.60 
 
 30.37 
 
 31.93 
 
 1863 
 
 50.89 
 
 46.29 
 
 48.52 
 
 42.75 
 
 37.87 
 
 40.31 
 
 32.31 
 
 25.40 
 
 28.74 
 
 1864 
 
 49.13 
 
 44.04 
 
 46.50 
 
 39.51 
 
 37.58 
 
 38.54 
 
 29.77 
 
 27.73 
 
 28.72 
 
 Means 
 
 51.32 
 
 45.08 
 
 48.07 
 
 41.22 
 
 34.86 
 
 38.04 
 
 30.96 
 
 25.73 
 
 28.65 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 14* 
 
218 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 The mean annual temperature of 
 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Years. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Rochefter, 
 
 O 
 
 0 
 
 rn 
 
 ■st- 
 
 5 1 6 above the fea. 
 
 28 
 
 47°.02 
 
 Albany . 
 
 4 2 3i 
 
 13 ° « 
 
 2 4 
 
 4 8 *43 
 
 Potfdam 
 
 44 4° 
 
 394 
 
 2 3 
 
 43 . 6 t 
 
 City of New- York .... 
 
 4° 4 2 
 
 22 “ 
 
 3 2 
 
 5 1 - 54 
 
 London, England ..... 
 
 5 1 3 1 
 
 u. 
 
 53 
 
 48 . 5 ° 
 
 Wafhington, D.C 
 
 3 8 53 
 
 50 “ 
 
 1 2 
 
 56 . H 
 
 Fort Sullivan, Maine . . 
 
 44 54 
 
 70 “ 
 
 70 
 
 48.02 
 
 State of New-York, from all the 
 
 two means 
 
 25 ! 
 
 46.74 to 
 46.92 
 
 Other results follow. 
 
 Table III : Range of Half-monthly and Monthly Means for the 28 years. 
 
 Month. 
 
 First half, and its mean of 
 23 years. 
 
 Second half, and mean of 
 23 years. 
 
 Month, and mean of 28 
 
 years. 
 
 
 0 00 
 
 0 
 
 000 
 
 0 
 
 0 00 
 
 0 
 
 Jan. 
 
 15.9 to 36.7=20.8 
 
 25.92 
 
 13.0 to 34.8=21.8 
 
 25.23 
 
 15.0 to 31.8=16.8 
 
 25.5 
 
 Feb. 
 
 13.5 to 35.1=21.6 
 
 24.24 
 
 12.1 to 38.0=25.9 
 
 27.19 
 
 15.2 to 33.6=18.4 
 
 25.7 
 
 Mar. 
 
 19.3 to 40.2=20.9 
 
 30.14 
 
 23.6 to 41.4=17.8 
 
 34.36 
 
 22.0 to 39.4=17.4 
 
 32.3 
 
 April 
 
 35.2 to 53.0=17.8 
 
 40.97 
 
 37.7 to 54.7=17.0 
 
 46.94 
 
 37.6 to 52.9=15.3 
 
 43.9 
 
 May 
 
 45.0 to 61.4=16.4 
 
 53.00 
 
 51.7 to 65.9=14.2 
 
 59.05 
 
 51.3 to 61.8= 9.5 
 
 56.3 
 
 June 
 
 56.1 to 70.6=14.5 
 
 63.13 
 
 61.3 to 77.7=15.4 
 
 69.00 
 
 59.6 to 71.9=12.3 
 
 66.0 
 
 July 
 
 65.7 to 74.5= 8.8 
 
 70.25 
 
 67.7 to 76.9= 9.2 
 
 71.04 
 
 66.7 to 74.8= 8.1 
 
 70.6 
 
 Aug. 
 
 64.3 to 76.1=11.8 
 
 70.12 
 
 63.3 to 71.5= 8.2 
 
 67.23 
 
 65.5 to 71.1= 5.6 
 
 68.6 
 
 Sept. 
 
 57.1 to 72.1=15.0 
 
 63.83 
 
 52.4 to 60.6= 8.2 
 
 56.88 
 
 57.3 to 65.4= 8.1 
 
 60.4 
 
 Oct. 
 
 46.6 to 58.0=11.4 
 
 51.32 
 
 38.5 to 52.6=14.1 
 
 45.08 
 
 43.4 to 53.7=10.3 
 
 48.1 
 
 Nov. 
 
 30.8 to 50.0=19.2 
 
 41.22 
 
 27.0 to 42.6=15.6 
 
 34.86 
 
 32.7 to 46.3=13.6 
 
 38.0 
 
 Dec. 
 
 22.9 to 37.7=14.8 
 
 39.96 
 
 18.8 to 32.6=13.8 
 
 25.73 
 
 22.5 to 34.3=11.8 
 
 28.6 
 
 
 Mean 
 
 47.09 
 
 Mean 
 
 46.88 
 
 Mean 
 
 47.0 
 
 The mean of the monthly means of the first half of the months, 47°. 09, 
 a little exceeds, and of the second half, 46°. 88, falls a little below, the mean 
 of the months, 47°. 0. It is curious that the mean temperature of the two 
 halves of the months differs so very little from the mean of the months. 
 
 In this Table, the difference in the means appears greater in the colder 
 months than in the warmer months. This is chiefly owing to the fact that 
 in the colder months the morning observations, and in part the evening 
 observations also, are made at an hour nearer to the colder or coldest part 
 of the day. Then, too, it is not consecutive temperature that is shown in 
 these highest and lowest means of half-months in these 28 years. Thus we 
 see, looking at the table for the first half of January, that the range of these 
 half-monthly means is from 15°. 9 to 36°. 7, or 20°. 8 . Yet we may see in 
 Table n that 15°. 9 was the mean of this first half of January 1836, and 
 36°. 7 belonged to 1838. So also the lowest and highest means of the means 
 of the first half of July in the 28 years belonged to different years, 65°. 7 
 in Table in to 1860, and 74°. 5 to 1838 ; and here the range of the highest 
 and lowest is only 8 °. 8 . 
 
 This Table shows that the temperature of July is more equable than in 
 any other month : the mean heat of the first half of July is 70°. 25, and of 
 the last half is 71°. 04 ; or the means of the two halves for 28 years differ 
 only four-fifths of a degree. August is the next month for equableness of 
 temperature, and June is next to that. 
 
 The greatest difference in the means in Table in occurs in the last half 
 of February ; 12°. 1 in 1838 being excessively low, and 38°. 0 in 1857 being 
 the other great extreme for the season. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 219 
 
 Table IV : Amount of Variation of extreme cold in the winter months, and in 
 March of each year. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Zero 
 
 or 
 
 below. 
 
 Below 
 all day. 
 
 Times below ; 
 each month. 
 
 1 
 
 Date. 
 
 Zero 
 
 or 
 
 below . 
 
 Below 
 all day. 
 
 Times below 
 each month. 
 
 1837 January .. 2 
 
 — 4° 
 
 d 
 
 
 1852 January . . 8 
 
 — 2° 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 - 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 — 8 
 
 
 2 
 
 February . 13 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 1853 January .. 26 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 1854 December. 19 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 
 1838 March ... 2 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 1855 February . 6 
 
 —20 
 
 d 
 
 
 1839 January . . 1 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 —20 
 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 - 4 
 
 
 
 1856 January . . 8 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 — 2 
 
 d 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 — 8 
 
 d 
 
 
 February . 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 
 0 
 
 
 5 
 
 1840 January . . 3 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 February . 3 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 
 . 1841 January . . 3 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 — 8 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 — 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 March ... 9 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 
 February . 12 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 March ... 17 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 1 
 
 1857 January . . 16 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 1842 Not below. 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 —16 
 
 d 
 
 
 1843 February . 17 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 — 8 
 
 
 
 1844 January . . 27 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 0 
 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 10 
 
 1845 January . . 19 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1858 February . 24 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1846 February . 19 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 1859 J anuary . . 9 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 
 1847 February . 23 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 —10 
 
 d 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 December. 28 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 1848 January . . 10 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1860 February . 3 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 December. 15 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1849 January . . 9 
 
 —12 
 
 
 1 
 
 1861 February . 7 
 
 —12 
 
 
 
 February . 13 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 —11 
 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 
 1862 Not below. 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 4 
 
 1863 February . 4 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 1850 December. 13 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 1864 January .. 1 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 1851 January . . 30 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 
 February . 17 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 December. 16 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 — 1 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 On this Table it is seen that the observations, for twenty-eight years, at 
 or below zero, were in January 47, in February 35, in December 11, and 
 in March 6, equal to 99 ; and the sum of the three daily observations in 
 these four months is 3395, and the proportion is = ^?f -5 = uV nearly : that 
 the proportion for J anuary is = y^, for February T 3 F 5 T = for Decem- 
 ber = y 1 ^, and for March is F . March is rarely down to zero : 
 
 December, nearly twice as many times. Near a week of severe weather in 
 January 1857 must give a low average ; and turning to a previous table, we 
 see that the mean of the last of January 1857 was only thirteen degrees. 
 The coldest was in 1855, or 20 degrees below zero at evening and next 
 morning observations, in February, at the hours of observation ; and at 3 J 
 a.m., 25° below. The mark d means that the temperature was all day below 
 zero : only six instances in the twenty-eight years. 
 
220 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 The extremes of cold have been greatest in the last half of the years of 
 observation. This may be only the common varying change, and to be the 
 contrary in the next 28 years-; but is more probably due to the clearing off 
 the forests, and exposing the country to the more powerful action of cold. 
 When these observations were begun in 1837, the original forest stood on a 
 great part of the land now in the city limits of Rochester. The change has 
 been very great and extensive over Western New-York, in the removal of 
 the forests. Noah Webster long since showed, in his Essay on Climate, 
 the operation of this change, viz. to make the heat of autumn later, and also 
 the cold of spring later ; to freeze the earth to greater depth, and delay the 
 advance of heat later in the spring ; and to produce greater changes in the 
 temperature. 
 
 To obtain these tabular results has taken in 28 years, with the leap-years, 
 10227 days ; three observations a day, 30881 observations ; one-third the 
 sum of each day, besides the means of each half month and whole month, 
 and of each year, etc. No wonder so few apply their time and study to such 
 a stupid round, yet essential to desired results. 
 
 II. BAROMETER AND RAIN-GAGE. 
 
 In the following Table are given the monthly average height , the highest and lowest 
 mean, the highest and lowest observation, and the range in the month, all for 27 
 years; the water fallen in the month, and the monthly average for 28 years. 
 
 TABLE Y. 
 
 Months. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Highest 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Least 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Highest, j 
 
 Lowest. 
 
 Range. 
 
 Water. 1 
 
 Average 
 28 years 
 
 January . . 
 
 29.39 
 
 29.76 
 
 28.81 
 
 29.85 
 
 28.61 
 
 1.24 
 
 2.91 
 
 2.077 
 
 February . 
 
 29.29 
 
 29.76 
 
 28.84 
 
 29.85 
 
 28.76 
 
 1.09 
 
 1.18 
 
 2.030 
 
 March .... 
 
 29.37 
 
 29.72 
 
 28.81 
 
 29.77 
 
 28.74 
 
 1.03 
 
 3.44 
 
 2.077 
 
 April .... 
 
 29.41 
 
 29.69 
 
 29.14 
 
 29.73 
 
 29.12 
 
 0.61 
 
 3.23 
 
 2.441 
 
 May 
 
 29.32 
 
 29.63 
 
 29.09 
 
 29.63 
 
 29.05 
 
 0.58 
 
 6.54 
 
 2.987 
 
 June 
 
 29-52 
 
 29.76 
 
 28.97 
 
 29.78 
 
 28.87 
 
 0.91 
 
 1.57 
 
 2.961 
 
 July 
 
 29-51 
 
 29.73 
 
 29.28 
 
 29.74 
 
 29.24 
 
 0.70 
 
 1.66 
 
 3.325 
 
 August . .. 
 
 29-42 
 
 29.67 
 
 29.03 
 
 29.68 
 
 29.01 
 
 0.67 
 
 5.49 
 
 2.816 
 
 September 
 
 29-45 
 
 29.79 
 
 29.14 
 
 29.82 
 
 29.08 
 
 0.74 
 
 1.83 
 
 3.237 
 
 October . . 4 
 
 29.33 
 
 29.66 
 
 28.86 
 
 29.67 
 
 28.78 
 
 0.80 
 
 5.51 
 
 3.253 
 
 November. 
 
 29.40 
 
 29.90 
 
 28.65 
 
 29.93 
 
 28.48 
 
 1.45 
 
 l 2.66 
 
 2.756 
 
 December . 
 
 29.31 
 
 29.98 
 
 28.83 
 
 30.04 
 
 28.64 
 
 1.40 
 
 2.67 
 
 2.510 
 
 Mean .... 
 
 29.39 
 
 
 Range of year. . . . 
 
 1.56 
 
 38.69 
 
 32.470 
 
 From this Table are deduced, 1° The height of the barometer for the 
 year, 29.39 inches, and its range in the year, 1.56 inch; 2° The water 
 fallen in the year, 38.69 inches, and the average of water for 28 years, 
 32.47 inches in depth. The water of 1864 far exceeds the average. 
 
 The average height of barometer from 1838 to 1864 inclusive is 29.53 
 inches, with a range varying from 28.24 inches to 30.47, and making the 
 range of 2.23 inches for the 27 years. 
 
 The water fallen has a higher interest, as is shown in the annual amounts. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 221 
 
 TABLE VI. 
 
 1837 
 
 30.61 inches. 
 
 1851 
 
 24.970 inches. 
 
 
 8 
 
 25.46 
 
 2 
 
 35.065 
 
 
 9 
 
 30.09 
 
 3 
 
 32.505 
 
 
 1840 
 
 29.34 
 
 4 
 
 29.423 
 
 
 1 
 
 30 . 53 
 
 5 
 
 33.913 
 
 
 2 
 
 33.19 
 
 6 
 
 24.356 
 
 
 3 
 
 30.21 
 
 7 
 
 42.591 
 
 
 4 
 
 26.17 
 
 8 
 
 35.900 
 
 
 5 
 
 34.44 
 
 9 
 
 31.300 
 
 
 6 
 
 37.13 
 
 ' 1860 
 
 29.779 
 
 
 7 
 
 38.99 
 
 1 
 
 34.804 
 
 Sums. 
 
 8 
 
 32.03 
 
 2 
 
 37.590 
 
 
 9 
 
 32.87 
 
 3 
 
 30.140 
 
 449 . 550 
 
 1850 
 
 38.49 
 
 1864 
 
 38 690 
 
 461.026 
 
 
 449.55 
 
 
 461.026 
 
 910.576 
 
 Mean 
 
 , 32.11 for 14 years. 
 
 Mean 
 
 , 32.930 for 14 years. 
 
 Mean, 32.52 for 28 years; 
 
 and exceeds that in Table v by only TTJ 5 w ths inch. 
 
 The range of water in these years is from 24.356 to 42 591 inches. In 
 1847 the water was 38.99, and in 1838 was 25.46. The water has not ex- 
 ceeded 39 inches but once in 28 years, and has been below 30 inches seven 
 of the 28 years. The range is chiefly between 30 and 35 inches. Are we 
 able to trace, to any definite results in vegetation, even the extreme annual 
 differences of the water fallen ? 
 
 III. INTERESTING FACTS AND SPECIAL PHENOMENA. 
 
 The Year 1864 commenced with very severe weather in the Mississippi 
 valley ; the storm having begun on the last day of 1863, with a heavy rain, 
 and snow, wind and cold towards evening. The Newyear was the coldest 
 ever known at St. Louis; 19° to 24° below zero, and out of the city 25° 
 below. The snowstorm was great all over the west : At Memphis, the cold 
 was 10° below zero ; at Cairo, 16° below ; at Louisville, 9J° below, though 
 rain was falling there at noon the day before at 47° ; at Chicago, Newyear 
 22° below, in the suburbs 28° to 30° below, and below zero for seven days ; 
 at Bloomington, Illinois, Lat. 40,|, 20° to 30° below zero, and for the first 
 nine days the average at sunrise was 15° below ; at Milwaukee, 30 to 40° 
 below; at Madison, Wisconsin, 34° below, and 39° below on January 2, so 
 that the mercury congealed at the Hervey Hospital; at St. Paul, much be- 
 low zero, 38° below on the 2d, 3,0° below on the 3d, and for three days not 
 warmer than 10° below, while at Fort Snelling, and more exposed places in 
 that vicinity, the cold of the 2d was —50° by the spirit thermometer ; 
 at Minneapolis, Minnesota, Lat. 45, 30° below and not above 20° below all 
 day, 28° below on the 2d, and for three days not higher than 10° below ; at 
 Cincinnati, 8 to 10° below zero, while the day before (December 31) there 
 was rain all over that section, when at 8 p.m. the western blast brought the 
 snow and lowered the temperature 54° in three hours ; at Indianapolis, 20° 
 below, and two days of snowstorm ; at Buffalo, the storm began at 4 a.m. 
 with rain, and at 9 p.m. the cold was 9° below zero, the violent wind driving 
 the waters of Lake Erie over the lower part of the city, and destroying the 
 railroad, a greater flood than for 16 years; at Rochester, the storm began 
 early, thermometer 32° at 7 a.m., fell to 1° below zero at 9 p.m., and was 
 4° below next morning (the 2d) ; at Toronto, very cold on the 2d ; at Os- 
 
222 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 wego, heavy storm of snow, and cold 8° below zero on the 2d ; at Albany, 
 4° below zero on the 2d at 7 a.m. ; at Philadelphia, 8° below on the 2d ; at 
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 3° below zero on the 2d, and less than 10° above 
 all day, while at Boston the same day the cold was only 3° to 10° above, 
 with westerly gale ; at New- York, 10°, and as the cold wind poured upon 
 the harbor, the rising vapor was suddenly condensed into a thick sweeping 
 fog, presenting over the waters the appearance of a vast smoking furnace. 
 
 This storm was less severe in Ohio, and still less farther eastward. The 
 belt of greatest cold passed from north of west to south of east, so that the 
 cold was greater in Pennsylvania than in Massachusetts. The weather was 
 cold at Washington and on the Potomac. The storm moved, like all our 
 great storms, from west to east widening southwards. In some places, cattle, 
 fowls, sheep, etc. were frozen to death : some men also perished. 
 
 If we recur to the “Cold Period” of February 7 to 16, 1861, which 
 affected New-England and this State and along the Atlantic slope, the 
 storm of 1864 was less severe as a whole, and shorter in duration, but much 
 heavier in Western New-York and in Michigan, than was the storm of the 
 former date. Then at Rochester the thermometer marked 12° below zero on 
 February 7, and 11° below next morning ; at Grandville, Michigan, 25° 
 below; and, to mention no more, at New-York city, 9° below zero, and the 
 Bay presented more strikingly and awfully the appearance of an immense 
 smoking furnace than in January 1864. 
 
 The violent wind in the above-mentioned storm of January 1 & 2, 1864, 
 extended from west of the Mississippi river eastwards over this State, di- 
 minishing in force especially in New-England. Here (at Rochester) it con- 
 tinued two days, and at the west still longer, and greatly aggravated the 
 storm. It was not so terrific as in some of the tornados which will be men- 
 tioned. On the 31st December, the signs of storm were strong here : wind 
 southeast, and some snow fell ; in Ohio and over the west, rain from the 
 east prevailed, till the wind came in its fury from the west. Several instances 
 of storms, less violent, but of great extent, have occurred in the year, with 
 similar characters. They all sustain the conclusion of Espy on the course 
 and progress of the storms in the United States. 
 
 The observations here for the twenty-eight years also show the great 
 proportion of the general winds to be from the south of west ; the storms 
 beginning with an easterly or northeasterly, or sometimes southeasterly or 
 southwesterly wind, and changing to some point between northwest and 
 southwest, and thus the direction continues mostly from the south of west 
 till another change. The direction of the clouds, and especially of the higher 
 ones, shows this conclusively. The local and changeable winds of the surface 
 are readily marked, and should be distinguished from those which even at 
 the surface have the direction of the general wind. As this is a matter of 
 great importance in observations, let it be illustrated in one or two cases*. 
 
 Thus in January 1864, of the 93 daily notices of the winds shown above 
 by the clouds, 79 are between northwest and southwest, and only 13 from 
 all other directions ; and of these 13, even 10 are from the northeast, a 
 general and not a local wind. In the column of surface winds, which differ 
 from the direction as shown by the clouds, there are only 30 observations ; 
 showing that the surface and the cloud winds were in the same direction at 
 63 times of recording. 
 
 In the following February, of the 87 observations by the clouds, all but 
 5 were between northwest and southwest ; and the surface winds differing 
 
 * Where there are two strata of clouds, which are shown by openings in the lower 
 tier, the course of the upper is taken, and its direction is readily seen. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 223 
 
 in direction from the cloud winds occurred only 32 times, while the surface 
 and cloud winds were 55 times from the same point. 
 
 In the following August, of the 93 observations by the clouds, 83 were 
 between northwest and southwest, and only 10 from dilferent directions ; 
 and the surface winds from a different point than that of the clouds were 
 26. 
 
 January was colder than usual in England, France, &c. At Suez, Egypt, 
 in latitude near 30°, a notice, dated January 26, 1864, states that ice was 
 formed a few days before; a phenomenon previously unknown there. 
 
 February 17. Another cold period and storm from the west, and, like the 
 preceding, colder at the west : Begun at Chicago on the 16th, snowstorm, 
 8° below zero ; Muscatine, 7° below ; Milwaukee, 10° below ; Desmoines, 
 7° below; Springfield (Illinois), 2° below; at Rochester, on the 17th, 1° 
 below, and 2° below on the 18th ; on the 18th, reached Belfast, Maine, and 
 the cold there was 15° below zero. The more severe weather in the valley 
 of the Mississippi, beginning with the frost of August 1863, has continued 
 in cold periods through 1864. 
 
 June 6. Snowstorm on Mount AVashington, New-Hampshire ; the snow 
 6 inches. June 11 & 12, some frost, slight. 
 
 The Hot Period, from June 16 to 26, was peculiar ; not that the heat was 
 so great in midday as often occurs in summer, but was great through the 
 night as well as the day, so that this period was more like the hot weather 
 of Virginia or Georgia. This hot period extended widely over the country, 
 and was remarked at the south and west. At this city the heat at 2 p.in. 
 ranged from 80° to 93°, the daily means varied from 71°. 3 to 83°. 7, and 
 the average of the means was 78°. 3. If the average exceeds 70°, the day is 
 warm; if it exceeds 80°, hot or very hot , as the excess may be. 
 
 The hottest weather is commonly in the last half of June, in the month 
 of July, or in the first half of August. For comparison, I give the following 
 abstract (Table vn) for these three periods, of the highest mean, and the 
 highest temperature at 2 p.m. (See next page). 
 
 In this Table, the variety and the uniformity of the hottest part of the 
 summer are distinctly shown. 
 
 In the 28 years, the higheft daily mean, or hotteft day, was 85°. 7, July 17, 1856 ; 
 
 at 2 p.m., the mercury fhowed 102°, July 16, 1845; and 
 for very hot days, the range below this varies from 99 to 90°. 
 In the 28 years, the hotteft day in June, 85°.o, was the 30th in 1855 ; 
 
 “ “ july, 85.7, “ 17th in 1836; 
 
 “ “ Auguft, 84.3, “ 12th in 1853. 
 
 In June 1864, the hotteft day, 83°. 7, was the 25th ; 
 
 July “ “ “ 81.3, “ 31ft; 
 
 Auguft “ “ “ 83.3, “ lft. 
 
 The hottest day in 85 years at Yale College in New-IIaven, Connecticut, 
 was June 26, 1864, being 102° at 2 p.m. It would probably have been the 
 hottest day at Rochester, had not a thunder-shower at 8 p.m. with its wind 
 and rain and hail, cooled the air several degrees. Hot indeed was this sab- 
 bath, the 26th ; and had the temperature kept up in the evening only to 
 that of the night before, it would have given the highest mean or hottest 
 day in the 28 years; for it would have been 87°, while that of July 1856 
 was only 85°. 7. 
 
 The hottest day at Amherst College in 28 years was August 1, 1864. 
 
224 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 TABLE VII. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Last half of June. 
 
 Month of July. 
 
 First half of August. 
 
 1837 
 
 77°. 0 
 
 88° 
 
 77°. 0 
 
 91° 
 
 79°. 3 
 
 91° 
 
 8 
 
 74.7 
 
 87 
 
 81.7 
 
 93 
 
 80.3 
 
 88 
 
 9 
 
 69.7 
 
 81 
 
 78.3 
 
 90 
 
 69.7 
 
 78 
 
 1840 
 
 74.7 
 
 86 
 
 81.7 
 
 94 
 
 73.0 
 
 82 
 
 1 
 
 81.3 
 
 91 
 
 82.3 
 
 96 
 
 74.0 
 
 89 
 
 2 
 
 74.0 
 
 83 
 
 78.6 
 
 92 
 
 71.3 
 
 82 
 
 3 
 
 77.7 
 
 89 
 
 81.0 
 
 91 
 
 76.6 
 
 89 
 
 4 
 
 76.3 
 
 88 
 
 76.7 
 
 90 
 
 74.3 
 
 86 
 
 5 
 
 72.3 
 
 82 
 
 83.3 
 
 102 
 
 76 3 
 
 90 
 
 6 
 
 77.0 
 
 88 
 
 83.3 
 
 94 
 
 82.7 
 
 96 
 
 | 7 
 
 78-7 
 
 91 
 
 84.3 
 
 96 
 
 76.7 
 
 84 
 
 8 
 
 82.0 
 
 98 
 
 77.7 
 
 92 
 
 80.7 
 
 92 
 
 9 
 
 81.0 
 
 94 
 
 84.0 
 
 95 
 
 75.0 
 
 90 
 
 | 1850 
 
 82.3 
 
 94 
 
 82.3 
 
 95 
 
 78.0 
 
 89 
 
 1 
 
 81.3 
 
 92 
 
 78.3 
 
 92 
 
 75.7 
 
 82 
 
 2 
 
 80.0 
 
 88 
 
 85.3 
 
 97 
 
 74.7 
 
 86 
 
 3 
 
 84.3 
 
 92 
 
 77.0 
 
 92 
 
 84.3 
 
 98 
 
 4 
 
 80.0 
 
 90 
 
 84.0 
 
 96 
 
 82.7 
 
 88 
 
 5 
 
 85.0 
 
 95 
 
 84.7 
 
 95 
 
 77.7 
 
 86 
 
 6 
 
 84.3 
 
 93 
 
 85.7 
 
 95 
 
 79.0 
 
 87 
 
 7 
 
 77.0 
 
 86 
 
 82.3 
 
 93 
 
 78.0 
 
 87 
 
 8 
 
 83.0 
 
 93 
 
 83.3 
 
 94 
 
 76.7 
 
 86 
 
 9 
 
 82.3 
 
 91 
 
 83 7 
 
 96 
 
 79.7 
 
 91 
 
 1860 
 
 76.0 
 
 88 
 
 77.3 
 
 88 
 
 81.0 
 
 93 
 
 1 
 
 73.3 
 
 82 
 
 82.3 
 
 91 
 
 80.0 
 
 88 
 
 2 
 
 77.3 
 
 90 
 
 82 0 
 
 92 
 
 80.7 
 
 90 
 
 3 
 
 78.0 
 
 88 
 
 79.3 
 
 91 
 
 80.3 
 
 90 
 
 1864 
 
 83.7 
 
 93 
 
 81.3 
 
 93 
 
 83.3 
 
 92 
 
 
 Mean 78.72 
 
 
 Mean 81.38 
 
 
 Mean 77.92 
 
 
 The drouth of June and July was extensive and severe in this section: 
 only 3.28 inches of water fell here in the whote of these two months. The 
 drouth became injurious in the last half of June, and continued to the first 
 day of August. Our rain began August 1 at 11 p.m.; and on the 4th, more 
 than 2.00 inches of water had fallen. The effect of the drouth on grass and 
 oats and potatos was destructive : of the first, the crop was greatly dimi- 
 nished ; on the second, the effect was still more ruinous ; and of the third, 
 the early potato crop was almost an entire failure. 
 
 As August began with a heavy rain and poured down upon us 5 . 5 inches 
 of water in the month, all vegetation seemed endued with unusual energy : 
 the indian corn had advanced under the heat and drouth ; the other crops 
 at once improved, and that of autumnal potatos was abundant beyond all 
 anticipation. Grass, for the fall feeding of cattle, came on plentifully. Of 
 fruits, the peach crop was not large, but of excellent quality; that of ap- 
 ples, pears, berries, etc. exceeded the hopes of the people. So the Divine 
 Providence wisely varies the course of the seasons, leads man thereby to 
 feel his dependence, and finally crowns the year with his loving kindness 
 and tender mercy. Who shall withhold gratitude, and praise, and worship ! 
 
 The drouth was severe in England also, a little earlier in the season. 
 
 Aurora borealis of August 24. This beautiful light appeared every 
 month in 1864, but in this one instance only was it very remarkable in our 
 latitude. A brief notice is all that is necessary. 
 
 A thunder-shower had passed north of Rochester over Lake Ontario, and 
 exhibited a blaze of lightning from 7 to 8 p.m. ; and at 9 p.m. another 
 thunder-shower showed its glories south and southeast of us, but the sky 
 cleared again by 9J p.m. A little later, a beautiful white band, or belt of 
 aurora borealis appeared, lying across the heavens a little north of the 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 225 
 
 zenith, and parallel to a line or arc from north of west to south of east. It 
 moved slowly southwards ; passed the zenith a little after ten o’clock, a 
 magnificent band of the whitest cloud, so white that it seemed uncommonly 
 near to the earth, with slightly jagged edges, yet well defined and slightly 
 waving in its motion ; began to leave the eastern horizon by a slow move- 
 ment westward at 11 p.m., and ere long extended only from the meridian 
 to the western horizon : soon after this, the band disappeared. Over the 
 whole northern canopy was spread the most brilliant white light for an 
 hour, that I had ever conceived of : never had I seen the equal to this 
 evening. My thoughts turned to the Mount of Transfiguration, where the 
 Shekinah outspoke the glorious display of his material heavens. It was 
 more brilliant than the similar aurora of April 9, 1863. The lightning and 
 thunder of the evening were not the source of this magnificent auroral arch ; 
 for it appeared where no thunder-showers were in the same horizon, even if 
 they existed at all at the time. 
 
 September 2, 3 & 4, were very hot at the west. At St. Louis the heat was 
 104° at noon of the 2d, 106° at noon of the 3d, and 100° on the 4th. The 
 highest here was only 76°. 
 
 September 26, in the evening, three thunder-showers arose : one, far over 
 Lake Ontario ; another, south of Rochester ; and the last, directly from the 
 west over us. Incessant lightning was displayed, though at a distance too 
 great for much of the thunder to reach us. The last shower showed us its 
 lightnings in flashes on the sky before a cloud could be seen. We observed 
 once more that this heat-lightning , as it is named, and which was seen for 
 an hour before the clouds appeared, was 07ily the flashes of lightning from 
 clouds below our hoi'izon , and no longer the misnamed heat-lightning, since 
 it revealed the clouds as its source and place. At 10J p.m. this shower was 
 upon us with its wind, rain and hail, and the most terrific thunder that 
 shook the earth and heavens and threatened destruction to our houses. 
 
 October 5. The awful tornado at Calcutta, sweeping the waters upon the 
 city ; so that 12000 lives were lost, 110 ships destroyed, and $40000000 of 
 property destroyed. 
 
 November 3. Snow six inches deep at St. Louis, say their papers. 
 
 November 6. First hard frost this autumn. 
 
 November 9. A violent tornado passed over Chester, and some adjacent 
 towns in Randolph county, Illinois ; very narrow in its path, but destructive 
 to buildings and fatal to some lives. Great gale on the Lakes, on the 11th 
 and 12th of this month. 
 
 November 19. So far no indian summer, but to-day there is a slight in- 
 dication of it ; but this fine period came not this year. The usual meteors 
 of the 13th did not appear, perhaps hidden by the clouds. 
 
 December 10. Canal frozen, two days after the cold period of the 8th, 
 when the temperature was 6°. 
 
 December 21. Snowstorm, begun here at 8| a.m. ; at Pittsfield, Massa- 
 chusetts, at 9 a.m. ; at Boston, at 1 p.m. : a heavy storm, railroads blocked 
 up and trains delayed. The snow here was about a foot deep, and sleighing 
 good for a week. 
 
 The last half of December gave us the usual average heat of the period, 
 though the mean temperature of the last day of 1864 was 21°. 3, more than 
 five degrees less than the general mean. The prospect was fair for a pleasant 
 Newyear. 
 
 The health of the people of our State and country has been generally 
 good throughout the year : another motive for gratitude to the Divine 
 Author of our well-being. 
 
 [ Senate No. 90.] 
 
 15 
 
226 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 IV. VIEW OF STOEMS AND THKIE LAWS. 
 
 The remarks before made on the course of some storms may render a more 
 general discussion appropriate. 
 
 By the diurnal and annual revolutions of the earth, the sun’s action upon 
 our atmosphere must be very unequal and changeable : other causes co- 
 operate, and atmospheric currents are the result. The directions of these 
 currents may be much modified by the configuration of land and ocean, the 
 course of mountain ranges, and the situation of deserts ; but atmospheric 
 stability must be impossible, though the irregularities maybe confined with- 
 in moderate limits. Perfect stability would be complete stagnation ; a result 
 which Divine Providence designed to prevent by the operation of established 
 laws, and which we all see to be fully accomplished. 
 
 Over a large part of the United States between the Atlantic and the 
 Eocky mountains, and of Btitish America also east of the same range, the 
 great storms and violent changes of weather begin with moderate wind from 
 some point between northeast and southeast, and in some places southwest. 
 Ultimately the course changes, and the strong westerly wind carries the 
 storm to the east. The general or controlling current of our winds is thus 
 shown to be from the west. 
 
 The same is shown by the direction of the clouds, and the more splendid- 
 ly if there are two tiers of the higher clouds, and that too when there is 
 no storm in action ; so that often, for some days after the storm, the high 
 clouds come generally from some point a little south of west, whatever may 
 be the surface current of the local winds. More than half the time the sur- 
 face winds have the same, or nearly the same, direction as the clouds. This 
 has been shown by thousands of observations over a great extent of country ; 
 so that a width or zone of nearly thirty degrees of latitude, and extending 
 to sixty degrees north latitude, is proved to have this general current of 
 wind from the west or between northwest and southwest. These are great 
 facts ; and the solution is clear. The observations collected by Professor 
 Coffin sustain his conclusion that this belt of westerly wind encircles the 
 northern hemisphere. For the present, we need only the fact on this part of 
 North America. 
 
 From the cause of the trade-winds within the tropics, their current 
 sweeps across the Caribbean sea into the Gulf of Mexico, augmented by the 
 wind from the northeast towards the equator, and by the wind from the 
 southeast on the south side of the equator. Examination of the map of the 
 northeast part of South America shows that coast to be most favorably si- 
 tuated for the easy ingress of the southern trade-wind to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 This whole volume, below the mountain-tops, is arrested at the west by the 
 high range which passes along the Isthmus west of the Caribbean sea and 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and becomes the Eocky mountains of the north. This 
 range is well situated to direct the winds from the Gulf considerably west 
 of north towards British America, as its general course is from Lat. 20° N. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 227 
 
 and Lon. 100° AY. to Lat. 60° N. and Lon. 130° AY. Ultimately this great 
 body of atmosphere, moving from the southeast or south at the eastern base 
 of the Rocky mountains, unites and mingles with the general current from 
 the west, and together the whole passes eastward to the Atlantic, to supply 
 the place of the atmosphere borne from the east into the Gulf of Mexico 
 and over parts of the United States. In the southern part the current is 
 from east to west, and in the northern from west to east, over the belt of 
 land designated. 
 
 The wind from the ocean is commonly warmer than that coming from over 
 land, and the former contains more vapor than the latter. Let equal volumes 
 of two such currents intermingle, and cloud at once is formed : if both be 
 nearly saturated with water, either rain or snow will be formed ; and if the 
 change be extensive, one or the other will fall. AYhen the vapor changes to 
 water, a large quantity of heat is evolved, about one thousand degrees of 
 heat from each pound of vapor. This heat or caloric expands the air which 
 held the vapor, and it consequently rises through the colder air above, while 
 the colder air falls, and thus increases the condensation of vapor into rain 
 or snow. The storm, let it have commenced from any eastward point, meeting 
 with the colder air and the condensation becoming more rapid, will have its 
 direction changed from westward to eastward, and will be swept with the 
 western current towards the Atlantic so long as the elements of storm con- 
 tinue their action. The barometer shows the atmosphere to be lightest at 
 that point or line towards which the winds must blow on each side, so as to 
 bring together the elements for the most powerful action, and produce the 
 greatest changes of temperature. 
 
 The magnitude of the storm will evidently be greater or less according 
 to the extent and power of the actions above indicated. In the great storm 
 of January 1810, so extensive over the northern part of our country, the 
 fall of the thermometer was from 60° at noon to 10 or 12° below zero at 
 nine in the evening, and 20° or more below zero the next morning ; while 
 the snow fell abundantly, and the wind was a tornado. So also in the storm 
 at the beginning of the year 1864, when rain came from the eastward on 
 the last day of December, both west and east of the Mississippi, the cold 
 at St. Louis, and wide over that region, was 19 to 30° below zero, January 
 1 ; a change far greater at the west, than in the State of New-York and 
 farther east. The snow and wind was like that of January 1810. In such 
 cases, the higher and colder atmosphere seems to be precipitated upon the 
 earth for the reason and in the way already mentioned. The great and 
 sudden fall of temperature in many storms seems to require this transfer 
 of atmosphere from a high and cold region to the earth’s surface. 
 
 All considerable thunder-showers are a fair illustration of the statements 
 above made. In our country their course is from west to east : they begin 
 with a wind from the south or a little east of south, blowing the vapor and 
 clouds northwards towards the great mass of thunder-heads which is capped 
 by a close cirrose cloud, and is moving eastwards by the general upper 
 current acting on the forming mass of the storm. The wind from the south 
 
228 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 piles up and accumulates the elements of the incipient tempest : the light- 
 nings fly and the thunders roll ; the warm and cold air are mingled, the 
 temperature falls, and the rain, perhaps accompanied with hail, is poured 
 upon the earth. The velocity of the storm is from twenty to thirty miles an 
 hour ; and such a shower floods the country from west to east for many 
 hundreds of miles, till its force is spent on the Atlantic, unless the disturb- 
 ing elements fail at a shorter distance. 
 
 One of the most extensive thunder-storms of the present century occur- 
 red on the evening of January 17, 1817, and was probably confined to the 
 Atlantic coast extending westward to the Alleganies. The wind had been 
 from the northeast, attended with rain, but with no indications of lightning. 
 At length changes in the wind occurred, and the following appearances 
 were recorded : 
 
 At Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, “ in the earlier part of the 
 evening”, say at 7g p.m., rain and snow fell, with flashes of lightning. At 
 Boston, rain from the northeast. At Andover, Vermont, in the southeast 
 part of the State, after 10 p.m., snow and lightning with thunder con- 
 tinued to midnight. At Wilmington, thirty miles further south in Vermont, 
 snow fell rapidly, attended with brilliant lightning and heavy thunder, after 
 10 p.m. At Williams College, northwest part of Massachusetts, perhaps 
 forty miles west-southwest of the last-named place, rain from the northeast 
 had been falling till after 10 p.m., when there came one brilliant flash of 
 lightning with thunder that seemed to rock the mountains, followed by snow 
 and wind from the west ; and in Richmond, twenty miles farther south, the 
 phenomena were similar. At New-York, the northeast rain was changed to 
 storm from the west a little later. The storm extended southwards, crossed 
 Chesapeake bay near midnight, changing from rain to cold and snow from 
 the west ; so that a vessel on the Bay, by the freezing of the sails and cor- 
 dage, was rendered nearly unmanageable. The storm reached Savannah, 
 Georgia, at 2 a.m. of the 18th, where it was a heavy thunder-storm ( This 
 last account was rceived from an intelligent friend then at Savannah, on 
 his return to his New-England home). 
 
 These facts show the rapid lateral motion of this storm ; or, in other 
 words, that the change from the west began on the eastern range of moun- 
 tains, and extended on a line of one thousand miles from north to south at 
 only a few hours difference in time. The accounts of such storms were then 
 few and imperfect ; and even this one, so full of interest when recalled at 
 this day, attracted attention chiefly to the fact, seen by so many on that 
 night in New-England, of the electric fluid passing off into the atmosphere 
 from the ends of sticks, branches of trees, masts of ships, heads of animals, 
 hats and hands of men, etc. ; a fact so long known as a meteor under the 
 name “ Fire of St. Elmo”, or “ Castor and Pollux ” . A splendid instance of 
 this meteor is described by Professor Espy in his Fourth Meteorological 
 Report, 1857, p. 182. 
 
 The extent of the great storms, which originate with an easterly wind, is 
 very various. In some, the change of direction of the wind begins near the 
 Rocky mountains ; and from that point the violent wind from the west first 
 shows itself, as in the storm of January 1, 1864 : in others, the change 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 229 
 
 begins not far from the Mississippi river ; and yet in others, on the meridian 
 of Lake Michigan or of Lake Erie. In well-known instances a northeast 
 storm extends from the Atlantic only to the summit of the Allegany range 
 of mountains, where it meets with the western general current strong enough 
 to arrest its progress, ani even to force the storm back to the Atlantic. 
 
 These storms often extend along the eastern coast of the United States 
 to Nova-Scotia ; being more severe at the north or south, as the causes of 
 change are more active and powerful. The equinoctial storm of September 
 23, 1815, was far more severe on the coast of New-England than south of 
 New-York ; and the greatest damage was done to buildings, trees, and to 
 vessels in ports, by the northeast wind, before the change from the north- 
 west occurred. The violence of this particular northeast wind, even in the 
 western part of Massachusetts 140 miles from the ocean on the east, is yet 
 well remembered. It was shown too by another fact : the salt water of the 
 ocean was blown inland forty miles in sufficient quantity to kill the foliage 
 of trees, which, a few days after the storm, presented the appearance of 
 scorched leaves. 
 
 Sometimes the northeast storm extends westward only to the summit of 
 the Green mountains, or that part of the range lying in Massachusetts im- 
 mediately west of the Connecticut river. On this range the northeast wind 
 and rain meet the wind from the west bearing clouds to the summit of the 
 range, but yielding no rain to Berkshire county or its western or even its 
 middle portion. On the eastern side, on these occasions, a great deal of rain 
 falls ; and in one such case on record, immense damage was done along the 
 streams emptying eastwardly into the Connecticut river. The general west 
 wind here supplied a part of the rain along the mountains ; the opposing 
 currents mingling their vapor, and thereby producing a greater effect. This 
 example shows the great power of the west wind in limiting the extent of a 
 storm from the east, involving a great difference in the quantity of the 
 materials acted upon. If it is urged that such a storm is only the ending of 
 a more extensive one chiefly expending itself over the Atlantic ; even if this 
 were admitted, it would be true that the storm would pass further west, 
 were not the general current from the west the prevailing power. 
 
 Another fact demands attention, viz. that a northeast storm begins earlier 
 at the south than further north. Franklin long ago asserted that storms 
 began three hours earlier at Philadelphia than at Boston. The general fact 
 has been so often observed in the last fifty years, that it cannot be doubted ; 
 but the time may vary from three hours, according as the violence is greater 
 or less. The fact itself results from the direction of the eastern coast, and 
 the several obvious differences between the land and ocean winds at the 
 south and at the northern part of the United States. 
 
 Thus the direction of the coast is very nearly parallel to a line drawn 
 from Cape Sable at the southern extremity of Florida, to Cape Race on the 
 southeast point of Newfoundland ; or, better still, a line from the east coast 
 of Florida, Lat. 80° N. and Lon. 80° W., to the north point of Newfound- 
 land, Lat. 51J° N. and Lon. 54° W., a course but little east of sonthwest. 
 
230 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 
 
 Farther west as Charleston, South-Carolina, is than Boston, it will yet 
 sooner feel the storm, for two reasons. The first is that the ocean-wind there 
 is hotter in comparison with the land-air than it is at the north, so that 
 their mixture will the soonest condense into rain-clouds ; and the second is 
 that the sea-wind at the south commences earlier, is more nearly from the 
 east there, and will sooner come to the storm-making point ; while at the 
 north the sea-wind is more nearly from the northeast, and blows in a line 
 nearly parallel to the coast, and hence must be longer in coming to the 
 point of change requisite for storm. For these reasons, a northeast storm 
 must begin at the south, and make its progress northward along the coast, 
 as it is known generally to do. 
 
 The phenomena of our storms do not indicate that they have the form of 
 cyclones , or are driven by a rotatory wind on a line ; but they appear to 
 have their central line nearly straight and lying not much inclined to a 
 meridian, with their forward direction on a parallel of latitude and some- 
 what inclined to it, but sometimes quite oblique to the north or south of 
 such parallel. Such is E spy’s representation in his Fourth Meteorological 
 Beport, 1857. His figures of numerous storms, drawn from the descriptions 
 of various observers on the grounds they passed over, together with accounts 
 of the winds, barometer and thermometer at the time, represent the width 
 of the storms from north to south as very different (as already noticed in 
 this paper), as well as their length from west to east. The width varied from 
 5 degrees of latitude, 300 miles, to 8, 10, 15 and 18 degrees of latitude, 
 or the largest 1080 miles. The width of one, west of the Mississippi river, 
 extended from near the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Superior. The length of 
 the storm, or distance traversed from west to east, is also various. The last 
 one just mentioned traversed from west of the Mississippi, laterally north- 
 wards across the States and beyond Nova-Scotia, the whole distance being 
 probably above twelve hundred (1200) miles. 
 
 Finally : Let these facts and laws be admitted, and the question arises, 
 Who will be able, with the aid of thermometer and barometer and all this 
 knowledge, to foretell what the weather of to-morrow will be and must be ? 
 The wisest among us know not yet the minute actions of the causes of change 
 by which great ultimate results are produced. What and where are the ac- 
 tivities, under the operation of which this stinging northwester after the 
 snowstorm shall cease this night, and the warm southeaster breathe upon 
 us to-morrow, and end by pouring its liquid treasures “ alike upon the just 
 and the unjust” ere the day closes ? — Though much has been attained, 
 more is necessary ; and man must discover it. 
 
Lynde, Esq.; E.S.- 
 3 a, 600 feet.) 
 
 >. 
 
 1856. 
 
 I 
 
 1857. 
 
 !i 
 
 
 C.W. 
 
 1 C.AY. 
 
 ! C 
 
 >8 
 
 10.21 
 
 7 
 
 • 7 5 
 
 1 3 
 
 ;o 
 
 15.02 
 
 27 
 
 .72 
 
 1 
 
 >7 
 
 ; 24 . IO 
 
 : 27, 
 
 .03 
 
 : 3 
 
 0 
 
 43.68 
 
 ! 33 
 
 ■32 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 51 .05 
 
 i 49 
 
 .19 
 
 4 
 
 ■ i ' 
 
 66.76 
 
 61 
 
 .01 
 
 6 ' 
 
 ;9 
 
 68.88 
 
 68 
 
 .89 
 
 7< 
 
 : 1 
 
 63.91 
 
 67, 
 
 .48 
 
 6 ! 
 
 5 
 
 57-75 
 
 61, 
 
 .04 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 47.60 
 
 46, 
 
 .81 
 
 4! 
 
 1 
 
 34.12 
 
 29 . 
 
 ■ 57 
 
 3; 
 
 7 
 
 1 5 • 83 
 
 30, 
 
 .71 
 
 2 ' 
 
 0 
 
 15.70 
 
 17, 
 
 .10 
 
 2 ( 
 
 8 , 
 
 39.61 
 
 36 , 
 
 ■ 5 1 
 
 4S 
 
 7 1 
 
 66.52 
 
 65 
 
 .79 
 
 6i 
 
 6 
 
 46.49 
 
 45' 
 
 . 81 ! 
 
 4£ 
 
 6 
 
 41-57 
 
 42 
 
 .55 
 
 | 4( 
 
 ighteen years ; the 1 
 r, 1854, was followe 
 ,ture, either of heat 
 7. If we take the m 
 terms ending with 1 
 while the term endin 
 some truth in the po 
 
V. A TABLE 1 
 
 Showing the Monthly Mean Temperature of the open air in the shade at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1837 to 1864, as observed by C. J. Lynde, Esq.; E. S.-Marsh, M.D.; 
 
 ( Lat. 43° 03' N.; Lon. 87° 56' W. Elevation above the sea, 600 feet.) 
 
 Charles Winkler, M.D.; and I. A.Lapham.LL.D. 
 
 1837. 1838. 
 I.A.L. I.A.L. 
 
 1840. 
 
 C.J.L. 
 
 1841. 
 
 C.J.L. 
 
 1843. 
 
 E.S.M. 
 
 I I 
 
 1844. 1 1845. 1846. S 1847. 
 E.S.M. E.S.M. E.S.M. E.S.M. 
 
 1848. 
 
 E.S.M. 
 
 1849. 
 M.& L. 
 
 1850. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1851. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1852. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1854. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1855. 
 
 C.W. 
 
 1856. 
 
 C.W. 
 
 1857. 
 
 C.W. 
 
 1858. 
 
 C.W. 
 
 1859. 
 
 W.&L. 
 
 1860. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1861. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1862. 
 
 I.A.L. 
 
 1863. 1864. 
 I.A.L. I.A.L. 
 
 No. of j 
 Years. 
 
 Mean of 
 the whole. 
 
 
 
 17 00 
 
 
 24 66 
 
 31 46 
 
 
 18.06 
 
 30.86 
 
 19.36 
 
 27.65 
 
 27.25 
 
 20.72 
 
 
 22.58 
 
 10.21 
 
 7.75 
 
 30.90 
 
 23.89 
 
 23.99 
 
 21.22 
 
 20.30 
 
 I 29.761 
 
 18.77 
 
 22 * 
 
 22.76 
 
 Fehrnnrv . 
 
 
 20.50 
 
 
 31 .49 22 m 
 
 28.43 
 
 28.49 
 
 29.19 
 
 19.37 
 
 28.84 
 
 31.26 
 
 28.03 
 
 
 14.50 
 
 15.02 
 
 27.72 
 
 16.83 
 
 26.96 
 
 27.44 
 
 27. 7S 
 
 18.35 
 
 26 * 88 
 
 25.92 
 
 20 
 
 25! 30 
 
 March 
 
 
 31.20 
 
 
 36.67 
 
 ! J J J 
 
 \ 4 I .77 
 
 36.87 
 
 30.97 
 
 35.47 
 
 35.94 
 
 32.02 
 
 39.38 
 
 31.98 
 
 36.17 
 
 27.97 
 
 24. 10 
 
 27.03 
 
 35.25 
 
 37.45 
 
 40.38 
 
 31.96 
 
 32. 40; 31.42 
 
 30.65 
 
 21 
 
 33 . 67 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 c r . 20 
 
 | 50.90 
 
 53.05 
 
 47.50 
 
 46.20 
 
 41.21 
 
 40.03 
 
 43.64 
 
 38.17 
 
 43.65 
 
 46.70 
 
 43.68 
 
 33 • 3 2 
 
 41.51 
 
 39.50 
 
 43.76 
 
 44.82 
 
 41.60 
 
 44.95 
 
 40.12 
 
 20 ! 
 
 43.98 
 
 May 
 
 
 
 
 j j 
 
 58.27 
 
 
 58.87 
 
 53.64 
 
 58.57 
 
 49.36 
 
 50.10 
 
 52.15 
 
 54.65 
 
 54.24 
 
 53.67 
 
 51.05 
 
 49.19 
 
 49.55 
 
 55.01 
 
 56.24 
 
 50.68 
 
 53.65 
 
 55.55 
 
 55 . 15 
 
 20 
 
 53.95 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
 62.39 67.19 
 
 64.79 
 
 64.49 
 
 68.22 
 
 64.75 
 
 65.59 
 
 63.20 
 
 65.66 
 
 65.50 
 
 co . 7 1 
 
 66.76 
 
 61.01 
 
 67.23 
 
 60.35 
 
 64.17 
 
 64.53 
 
 60.84 
 
 63.70 
 
 65 22 
 
 20 
 
 64.27 
 
 July 65.00 73.00 
 
 
 
 70.88 
 
 70.88 
 
 73.88 
 
 71.08 
 
 73.88 
 
 67.63 
 
 67.68 
 
 72.59 
 
 69.02 
 
 70.32 
 
 74. 13 
 
 67.69 
 
 68.88 
 
 68.89 
 
 70.92 
 
 71.59 
 
 i 69.00 
 
 •68.05 
 
 71.09 68.55 
 
 71.27 23 
 
 70.21 
 
 August 
 
 
 
 67.09 
 
 67.59 
 
 69.69 
 
 68.12 
 
 66.39 
 
 67.86 
 
 64.98 
 
 69.58 
 
 67.26 
 
 68.13 
 
 71.81 
 
 65.41 
 
 63 .91 
 
 67.48 
 
 68.85 
 
 70.80 
 
 66.82 
 
 69.21 
 
 70.63 69.03 
 
 69.75 
 
 21 
 
 68.11 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 
 
 66 . 2 ± 
 
 63.04 
 
 63.14 
 
 64.17 
 
 64.14 
 
 57.81 
 
 
 59.70 
 
 65.52 
 
 58.82 
 
 65.65 
 
 61.45 
 
 57.75 
 
 61.04 
 
 61.66 
 
 59.29 
 
 58.76 
 
 63.71 
 
 62.29 59.42 
 
 60.97 
 
 20 
 
 61.58 
 
 October 
 
 
 
 J-f 
 
 48.25 
 
 50.15 
 
 47.23 
 
 50.55 
 
 50.70 
 
 
 49.35 
 
 49.51 
 
 53.12 
 
 CA . 1 2 
 
 44.61 
 
 47.60 
 
 46.81 
 
 49.30 
 
 48.16 
 
 50.00 
 
 50.11 
 
 51 00 43.45 
 
 45.67 
 
 20 
 
 48.65 
 
 November 
 
 
 
 t 3 * " J 
 
 35.76 
 
 31.26 
 
 36.16 
 
 34.39 
 
 39.16 
 
 34.56 
 
 -14. .4-1 
 
 41.95 
 
 34.45 
 
 33.42 
 
 *T i > 
 
 37.79 
 
 36.61 
 
 34.12 
 
 29.57 
 
 33.60 
 
 40.28 
 
 36.15 
 
 36.79 
 
 35.35 
 
 36.81 
 
 32.08 
 
 21 
 
 35.94 
 
 December 
 
 24.90 
 
 
 32.88 
 
 30.88 
 
 22.38 
 
 27.98 
 
 28.88 
 
 25.78 
 
 11 • 1 1 
 
 20.96 
 
 24.55 
 
 21.98 
 
 26.52 
 
 27.41 
 
 21.87 
 
 15.83 
 
 30.71 
 
 27.86 
 
 19.67 
 
 24.80 
 
 31.11 
 
 30.74 
 
 i 29.16 
 
 20.13 
 
 22 
 
 25.77 
 
 Winter 
 
 
 20.80 
 
 29.68 
 
 2 \ 81 
 
 28. 48 1 
 
 24.84 
 
 29.64 
 
 21.50 
 
 25.82 
 
 27.69 
 
 23.58 
 
 
 21.50 
 
 15 . 7 ° 
 
 17.10 
 
 26.15 
 
 26.24 
 
 23.70 
 
 24.60 
 
 23.25 29,13 
 
 24.62 
 
 20 
 
 24.61 
 
 Sprins 
 
 
 
 50.05 
 
 J 1 * u 1 
 
 CO. 71 
 
 49.60 
 
 44.04 
 
 46.74 
 
 42.17 
 
 40.72 
 
 45.06 
 
 41.60 
 
 44.69 
 
 42.78 
 
 39.61 
 
 36 . 5 1 
 
 42.10 
 
 43.99 
 
 46.79 
 
 42.49 
 
 42.55 43.93 
 
 41.97 
 
 20 
 
 43.87 
 
 bummer 
 
 
 
 
 66.95 
 
 j w * / 1 
 
 70.25 
 
 68 . 00 ; 
 
 68.25 
 
 67.90 
 
 65.80 
 
 69.25 
 
 66.49 
 
 68-04 
 
 /O .48 
 
 64.27 
 
 66.52 
 
 65.79 
 
 69.00 
 
 67.58 
 
 66.66 
 
 67.26 
 
 67.52 
 
 67.09 
 
 68.75 
 
 20 
 
 67.53 
 
 Autumn . . 
 
 
 
 48.55 
 
 47.52 
 
 49.82 
 
 48.60 
 
 51.18 
 
 47.69 
 
 
 50.33 
 
 49.83 
 
 48 45 
 
 c 2 . K2 
 
 47.56 
 
 46.49 
 
 45 . 8 1 
 
 48.19 
 
 49.24 
 
 48.30 
 
 50.71 
 
 49.55 
 
 1 46.56 
 
 46.24 
 
 20 
 
 48.72 
 
 Tear 
 
 
 
 48.38 
 
 49.94 
 
 49.05 
 
 47.18 
 
 47.74 
 
 
 46.83 
 
 47.05 
 
 45.70 
 
 
 
 43.56 
 
 41-57 
 
 42.55 
 
 46.12 
 
 46.09 
 
 46.80 
 
 46.66 
 
 45.69 
 
 46.55 
 
 44.64 
 
 18 
 
 46.18 
 
 * Received too late for reference in the Contents. 
 
 The above Table, which has been compiled with great care from manuscript records in my 
 possession, will be found valuable by enabling us to compare the climate of Milwaukee with 
 that of other places. It will be seen that the general mean temperature, deduced from all the 
 observations, is 46°. 18; that the coldest year was 1856 (41°. 57), differing 8 °. 37 from the 
 warmest year 1845 (49°. 94) : the coldest month is January (22°. 76), though in six cases 
 February was the coldest. January, in 1857, was the coldest month known since the first 
 settlement of the place, the mean temperature being only 7|°. July is the warmest month 
 (70°. 21) : June, in 1854, was the warmest month. The winter and spring of 1845 were the 
 [ To face page 230.] 
 
 most moderate in eighteen years ; the winter of 1856 and the spring of 1857 were the coldest. 
 The hottest summer, 1854, was followed by the mildest autumn. It will be noticed that no 
 extreme of temperature, either of heat or cold, indicated by the table in antique figures, has 
 occurred since 1857. If we take the mean annual temperature of five years together, it will 
 be found that the terms ending with 1853 (46°. 71), and with 1863 (46°. 36), were very near 
 the general mean, while the term ending with 1857 was the coldest (42°. 56) ; thus indicating 
 that there may be some truth in the popular theory of cold and warm terms of years. 
 
 I. A. LAPHAM. 
 
RESULTS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 231 
 
 VI. TABLE OF THE VARIATION OF THE NEEDLE*. 
 
 For Ufe in the Landoffice at Pierrepont Manor in Jefferfon County, New-York, 
 in Lat. 43 0 43' 45" N. and Lon. 75 0 56' 57" W. ; and to apply to Great 
 Tra&s N° 4, 5 Sc 6, Macomb’s Purchafe, which were furveyed and allotted 
 from 1795 to 1803. 
 
 Made 1823 September 18, and 1856 November 25 : 
 
 BY WILLIAM C. PIERREPONT. 
 
 Variation : Yearly, 5' 14". 4367; Daily, 0". 86107. 
 
 1797 October 1, no variation. 
 
 1840 
 
 Nov. 25, var. w. 3 C 
 
 ’ 46' 
 
 09' 
 
 '.10 
 
 1797 Nov. 25 
 
 p 
 
 * 
 
 0 
 
 00' 
 
 48. "24 
 
 1841 
 
 3 
 
 51 
 
 23 
 
 .54 
 
 1801 
 
 0 
 
 21 
 
 45.99 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 56 
 
 37 
 
 .98 
 
 1802 
 
 0 
 
 27 
 
 00.43 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 01 
 
 52 
 
 .42 
 
 1803 ‘ 
 
 0 
 
 32 
 
 14.87 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 07 
 
 06, 
 
 .86 
 
 1804 
 
 0 
 
 37 
 
 29.30 
 
 1845 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 .30 
 
 1805 
 
 0 
 
 42 
 
 43.76 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 .74 
 
 1806 
 
 0 
 
 47 
 
 58.17 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 50 
 
 .18 
 
 1811 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 10.35 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 04 
 
 .62 
 
 1816 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 22.54 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 33 
 
 19 
 
 .06 
 
 1820 
 
 2 
 
 01 
 
 20.30 
 
 1850 
 
 4 
 
 38 
 
 33 
 
 .50 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 06 
 
 34.74 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 43 
 
 47, 
 
 .94 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 49.19 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 49 
 
 02 
 
 .38 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 03.62 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 54 
 
 16, 
 
 .82 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 18.06 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 59 
 
 31 
 
 .26 
 
 1825 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 32.05 
 
 1855 
 
 5 
 
 04 
 
 45 
 
 .70 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 46.94 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 00, 
 
 .14 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 01.38 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 14. 
 
 .58 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 43 
 
 15.82 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 29, 
 
 .02 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 30.26 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 43, 
 
 .46 
 
 1830 
 
 2 
 
 53 
 
 44.70 
 
 1860 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 57, 
 
 .90 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 58 
 
 59.14 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 .34 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 04 
 
 13.58 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 41 
 
 26, 
 
 .78 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 09 
 
 28.02 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 47 
 
 41, 
 
 .22 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 42.46 ; 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 55 
 
 .65 
 
 1835 
 
 3 
 
 19 
 
 56.90 
 
 1865 
 
 5 
 
 58 
 
 10, 
 
 .10 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 11.34 ; 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 03 
 
 24, 
 
 .54 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 25.78 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 40.22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 54.66 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Note. The only actual observations preserved are, 1823 September 18 : 2°16' 05" 
 
 1847, 4 23 
 
 1856 November 25, 5 10 
 
 1860 July 15, 5 36 
 
 1863, 5 44 
 
 1864 April 12, 5 50 
 
 1865 May 4, 6 00 
 
 Theodolite records only to minutes. 
 
 Received too late for reference in the Contents. 
 

 

Matthews, Northrup & Co.^rt-Printing IVorhs, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
Matthews , Northrup &• Co.. Art-Printing Works, Buffalo, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m m 
 
 
 
 vM^ssiiY t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 
 
 (science. ) 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 PART I : A CATALOGUE OE THE PH^ENOGAMIA GROWING 
 WITHOUT CULTIVATION IN THE CAYUGA 
 LAKE BASIN. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM R. DUDLEY. 
 
 ITHACA, N. Y. : 
 
 
 ANDRUS & CHURCH, 
 
 1886. 
 
The title, “ Bulletin of Cornell University, (Science),” is here 
 revived with the permission of the authorities of this University, and 
 out of regard and affection for the memory of Professor Charles Fred- 
 erick Hartt, whom the earlier Cornell students remember as a man of 
 brilliant and captivating intellectual qualities, and a source of inspi- 
 ration to thorough and untiring work in Science ; who projected a 
 series under the above title, and with his friend and pupil Professor 
 Derby, published the initial volume in 1874, containing papers on the 
 geology and palaeontology of Brazil. 
 
Preface. 
 
 The local explorations of this region, which have resulted in the 
 accumulation of the facts recorded in the present publication, were 
 begun more for the pleasure they involved, than with any well-defined 
 purpose in view. Soon, however, they were taken up more earnestly, 
 with the desire of enlarging our knowledge of the immediate resour- 
 ces of the Botanical Department of Cornell University. Since 1880, 
 there have been added objects, viz. : to ascertain as precisely as possi- 
 ble the abundance of each species, the local distribution of it, and the 
 number and habits of those forms whose limit of general distribution 
 on this continent falls within or near our territory, all, of course., in- 
 volving the taking of voluminous field-notes, and the collection of a 
 large series of specimens. But it must be remembered that while 
 the results of observation on geographical distribution are recorded, 
 the catalogue is primarily intended to assist the student and local col- 
 lector, and contains many things which would be of little interest to 
 the non-resident. For instance, the dates of the local flowering of plants 
 are given with considerable closeness ; these are for average years, 
 and due allowance must be made with the spring flowers, for such a 
 season as the present (1886), when everything since the first week in 
 April has'been two or three weeks in advance of the average season . 
 and naturally these dates might not answer for a climate differing 
 from ours. Again, localities are often mentioned, for plants not espe- 
 cially rare, solely for the purpose of aiding student collectors. Forms 
 and varieties of species have been included in the catalogue numbers, 
 with somewhat more than ordinary fullness, in order to call forth fur- 
 ther observations from local and other collectors, on their abundance 
 and constancy. We have been chary of giving new names to such, 
 in order to avoid a possible increase of synonyms, although we be- 
 lieve some of those numbered will prove to be, when better known, 
 well-marked varieties. 
 
 Acknowledgements are due from the writer to several of his botani- 
 
IV 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 cal friends for pronouncing upon varying or critical forms. Dr. Gray, 
 in the midst of most arduous labors, kindly went over a large pack- 
 age of specimens sent him, contributing valuable notes and suggest- 
 ions, especially on Ranunculacece mid Composites. Moreover he 
 most thoughtfully and opportunely forwarded for use, the proof-sheets 
 of his “ Revision of the North American Ranunculi .” Mr. Sereno 
 Watson, of Cambridge, assisted me on the Rosacece and Apetalce. 
 Our Cary a sulcata was submitted with many other woody plants to 
 Professor C. S. Sargent. Dr. Vasey* of the National Herbarium has 
 seen a large number of our grasses and given me much information 
 on forms collected here and elsewhere. He examined a large number 
 of Eatonias in the herbariums of the eastern cities before naming the 
 herein-described species of that genus which had long interested me. 
 To the herbarium of Mr. M. S. Bebb, of Rockford, 111., has been con- 
 tributed at different times, full sets of our interesting Salices. In re- 
 turn he has contributed very valuable notes, drawings and specimens, 
 and our correspondence has been a most delightful one. In spite of 
 ill-health he has freely advised me ; and defining the position of the 
 hybrid willows is chiefly his work, any opinion of my own having in 
 most cases, received his sanction. Mr. Morong, of Ashland, Mass., 
 has equally favored me in his especial field the Naiadacece. His con- 
 tribution of specimens to my own herbarium has been of very great 
 value. Valuable information or specimens have also been received 
 from Dr. Charles H. Peck of the N. Y. State Herbarium, from Mr. E. 
 D. Hankenson, of Wayne Co., and from Professors Trelease, J. M. 
 Coulter, and L. H. Bailey. 
 
 In making explorations and amassing the materials and facts for 
 the catalogue, the writer has of course devoted much of his own time 
 and resources, and has for certain periods privately .employed the as- 
 sistance of special students ; but he here wishes to make a general 
 acknowledgement for information always freely reported, — when any- 
 thing interesting turned up, — by the special students in botany and 
 others, whose helpful and generous ways have often been the chief 
 encouragement in the pursuit of the work. 
 
 The work of exploration, collection, revision, critical study, corres- 
 pondence and the accumulation of collateral facts, has all been car- 
 ried on as a secondary matter to unusually arduous duties of instruc- 
 tion. It is believed, however, that the work has been thorough enough 
 to justify publication, and the reader is assured that all localities 
 given in the catalogue are selected from records written where the 
 plants grew, or made at the end of the excursion on which they were 
 observed. A full, frank statement is made where necessary, of obser- 
 vations, of opinions held in regard to distribution, and of other mat- 
 ters, in order to furnish an unequivocal basis for emendations, cor- 
 rections and additions, — as well as to give information, — believing 
 that a mere list of names, not easily capable of verification, really 
 furthers our knowledge but little. It is to be hoped that this contri- 
 bution will be met in the spirit in which it is offered, its oversights 
 and manifest shortcomings pardoned in the endeavor to contribute 
 additional, authentic information, whenever such is obtained by those 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 v 
 
 using the catalogue. Any one finding plants new to the region or 
 new stations for rare plants, should send us information of the local- 
 ity, accompanied if possible by the specimens, and all such informa- 
 tion will be put on file at the Botanical Laboratory, in the future, as 
 it has been for several 3'ears past. It is proposed that whenever such 
 a list accumulates sufficiently to warrant it, to publish a supplement- 
 ary slip containing the additions, with the names of the discoverers, 
 and to send it to any one w’ho may desire it. 
 
 During the collection of materials for the phsenogamic list, a large 
 number of the higher cryptogams have been pressed, and the mate- 
 rial largely worked up ; also a considerable number of parasitic fungi 
 have been saved and much work already done on them, and at no 
 distant day we may hope to place before our students something tangi- 
 ble on several of the more important groups of lower plants. 
 
 The author has recognized more clearly than any one else could, 
 that this work is pioneer work, but resolved that it should be done 
 with a certain degree of thoroughness, believing that it is only by 
 full and accurate records of this kind, made for every section of the 
 country, that we shall ever succeed in demonstrating beyond dispute 
 the great and profoundly interesting problems of geographical distri- 
 bution of species. Nevertheless, he feels that this list is merely a 
 contribution to the better knowledge of our plants ; and it does not for 
 a moment pretend to approach the position of a completed history of 
 their distribution in this region. Although we have explored most of 
 the apparently interesting nooks within the limits, still there are 
 probably others unobserved, as there are also known localities deserv- 
 ing further attention. And when we recognize the fact that after cen- 
 turies of close scrutiny some corner of Great Britain periodiealiy dis- 
 closes a plant never before seen on the island, and that since the pub- 
 lication of the Flora of Washington in 1881, scores of new discover- 
 ies have been made within its limits, we know that many new ones 
 await us here. 
 
 Botanical Laboratory, 
 
 Cornell University, May 20, 1886. 
 
Introduction. 
 
 Limits of the Flora and its Physical Characters. 
 
 This catalogue professes to include all the flowering plants, so far 
 as observed, growing without cultivation in the territory drained by 
 Cayuga Lake, its tributary brooks and creeks. It also includes the 
 plants of the water-shed marshes and ponds lying between our hydro- 
 graphic system and the neighboring ones, — besides the altogether in- 
 dependent, outlying and exceedingly interesting little water-system 
 of the West Junius ponds. The latter, an important addition to our 
 illustrative resources, belongs as much to our system as to any of the 
 smaller ones, and is therefore combined with it in this work. The 
 water-shed marshes and ponds sometimes drain into the Cayuga sys- 
 tem as in the case of Locke Pond, Dryden Lake, the Round Marshes, 
 the White Church and Brookton Springs ; sometimes away from it, as 
 in the case of Cayuta Lake, Michigan Hollow Swamp and the Fir- 
 Tree Swamp in Danby, and the larger Marl Ponds in South Cortland. 
 There is an outflow in freshet seasons only, from Summit Marsh, and 
 from Freeville bog and the Fir-Tree Swamp at Freeville, and then 
 into other streams than ours, while the pond and marsh near Chica- 
 go Station, also several of the Marl Ponds have no apparent outlet. 
 
 The greatest length of this territory is about sixty-five miles, ex- 
 tending southward from Montezuma, on the Erie canal, to Summit 
 Marsh, in the northern part of Tioga County. Its average breadth 
 could be considered about eighteen miles. Its least breadth, near the 
 northern marshes, is only from four to six miles. From this region 
 the basin gradually widens till near the vicinity of Ithaca it suddenly 
 expands, becoming on the line of its greatest breadth about thirty- 
 two miles. This line extends from Cayuta Lake on the southwest, 
 through Ithaca to the Marl Ponds on the northeast. In this part of 
 the Cayuga basin occur the larger streams, such as Fall Creek, Casca- 
 dilla, Six Mile and Neguaena Creeks, all entering the “Inlet” and 
 the south end of the lake in a group. The only rival streams are 
 Salmon Creek and Taughannock Creek, entering the lake about ten 
 miles from the southern end. All of these streams flow through pre- 
 glacial valleys, the larger of which their slender currents have altered 
 but little from the ancient form. Of this part of the basin, Ithaca is 
 the central point, and its county (Tompkins), is wholly within our 
 limits. Considerable portions of Cayuga Co., on the eastern shore, 
 and of Seneca Co., on the western shore of Cayuga Lake, and small 
 fractions of Schuyler, Tioga and Cortland, also fall within this basin. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Vll 
 
 The central topographical feature is Cayuga Lake ; and, indeed, by 
 reference to the map it will be seen to be the central feature of the 
 whole lake-system of Central New York. The neighboring lakes are 
 all at a higher level, and pour their waters, either into the vast level 
 marshes which are manifestly but a northern continuation of the 
 great Cayuga valley, or into Cayuga Lake itself. Seneca, Owasco 
 and the other lakes usually possess a well-defined northern shore, but 
 the Cayuga Marshes, raised but little above the level of our lake, so 
 blend into its shallows that its exact northern termination is difficult 
 to define ; and they give to it, — at least to that portion of it — a char- 
 acter entirely its own, which was recognized by the “Six Natious,” 
 or ancient Kanonsionni, w t 1io called what we now know as Cayuga 
 Lake, “ Tiohero,” 1 the lake of flags or rushes , or lake of the marsh . 2 
 The limit of the Flora is therefore extended down these marshes to 
 Montezuma. The length of the lake is usually estimated at 38 miles, 
 its breadth from 1 to 3 miles. In appearance therefore it resembles 
 a great river ; indeed it is said to occupy a part of a preglacial river 
 channel of which the Neguaena valley was the continuation. The 
 height of the lake above mean tide is 383 feet, 3 the greatest depth 
 found by numerous soundings of the Cornell University Engineering 
 Department was 435 feet, at a point directly off Kidder’s Ferry. 
 In the section between Myers Point and Sheldrake Point it is 
 in many places over 400 feet deep. On account of its depths its 
 waters are comparatively cold far into the summer, and rarely 
 become so chilled in winter as to admit of the formation of ice 
 over the deeper sections. From one-half to two-thirds of the middle 
 section usually remains open, but in the winter of 1884-5 the lake was 
 frozen over before the middle of February and the ice did not break 
 up till the first week in April. There is a tradition that this occurs 
 about once in twenty years. The temperature of the lake unquestion- 
 ably influences the development of vegetation in its immediate vicin- 
 ity. Plants on its shores are usually a week later in the Spring than 
 in the neighboring ravines and the warm valley about Ithaca, and a 
 week earlier than on the distant highest hills ; and during the first 
 half of November, the blue flowers of Aster Icevis and the white 
 plumes of Aster sagithfolius still remain in considerable abundance, 
 while they have long ago matured and faded near Ithaca. The ex- 
 tremes of the natural climate are in this manner so modified that the 
 eastern slopes of Cayuga and the other lakes have always grown the 
 
 1 See Relations des Jesuites , for the year 1672, Quebec Ed., Ill, p. 
 22 ; also the map in the same volume. 
 
 2 See Notes of Gen’l J. S. Clark, in the Journal of Lieut. Harden- 
 bergh, p. 71. The name is variously written Thiohero , Tichero , 
 Choharo. At the time of the establishment of the Jesuit mission in 
 1656, at the foot of the lake, and for a century after, the name was also 
 applied to one of the three principal towns of the Cayuga tribe of the 
 great League, viz. : that on the eastern side of the Cayuga Marshes 
 near where the turnpike crosses the outlet at present. Apparently 
 the same word with same meaning — written Deyohero — is in the Can- 
 ienga or Mohawk dialect. See Hale’s explanation in his Iroquois 
 Book of Rites , 1883, p. 121. 
 
 3 See Survey of the Geneva, Ithaca and Sayre R. R. 
 
Vlll 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 peach 1 successfully. The lake waters are above the average in purity 
 excepting at the extreme northern and southern extremities, as was 
 demonstrated a few years since by analyses made by my friend Pro- 
 fessor Breneman. 
 
 Proceeding southward from the gently sloping shores near Cayuga 
 Bridge the banks become gradually bolder, until in the vicinity of 
 Levanna the first cliffs appear on the eastern shore. Between Willets 
 and Kings Ferry these reach their culmination in the “ High Cliffs 
 but stretches of lofty, precipitous, or more or less broken declivities 
 occur on both shores until within a few miles of the southern extrem- 
 ity. At intervals especially near the mouth of some stream are low 
 half-sandy points which yield man}' rare plants. Near Ithaca, and 
 about two miles from the lake, the great valley forks, the main por- 
 tion continuing to the right of South Hill, a preglacial valley of ero- 
 sion extending southwardly to Waverly in the Susquehanna valley. 
 The other portion on the left of South Hill is similar to the first and 
 forms the present Six Mile Creek and White ^ Church valleys, and 
 opens into the Susquehanna at Owego. These deep valleys penetrate 
 and cut through the great dividing ridge between the St. Lawrence 
 or Great Lake hydrographic system to which our streams and smaller 
 lakes are tributary, and the Susquehanna system, and are parallel to 
 similar valleys east and west of us. The head waters of the streams 
 occupying them, i. e., the summits between the two systems are 
 usually very near the crossing of the dividing ridge. The points of 
 greatest elevation in our whole region, the most precipitious, as well 
 well as botanically the most interesting of our inland declivities, and 
 the watershed marshes, springs and ponds being in fairly close con- 
 tiguity, as the following statements will show. 
 
 The subjoined stations with elevations above mean tide, recorded in 
 the current reports of the N. Y. State Survey by the numbers preced- 
 ing each, are upon this dividing ridge southwest of us, and include the 
 highest points yet measured in that direction : 
 
 No. 405, Urbana sta., Steuben Co., west of Hammondsport, 1940 feet. 
 
 “ 401, Hornby sta., “ “ “ “ “ 2045 “ 
 
 “ 394, Sproul sta., Schuyler Co., west of Watkins, 2091 “ 
 
 “ 226, Orange sta., “ “ southwest of Watkins, 2033 “ 
 
 “ 428, Couch sta., “ “ southwest of Cay uta L. 1679 “ 
 
 “ 403, Newfield sta., Tompkins Co., Saxon Hill. 2095 “ 
 
 Cayuta Lake, one of our watershed lakes, lies only about two miles 
 southwest of Saxon Hill. The latter point can be readily discerned 
 from the University Campus, as the highest elevation of the farther 
 rim of blue hills, and lies a few points south of west. This rim of hills 
 is the dividing ridge above spoken of. It trends eastward, crossing 
 
 1 In the Sullivan campaign against the Six Nations in 1779, Col. 
 Butler destroyed an Indian town on the present site of Aurora called 
 Chonodote or Peach-tree Town, together with “about 1500 peach trees 
 besides apple trees and other fruit trees.” Even as late as 1845, 
 Schoolcraft found “within the boundaries of Aurora, the remains of 
 an apple orchard, which was ruthlessly cut down by a detachment of 
 Sullivan’s army,” Notes on the Iroquois, p. 57. The apple trees and 
 probably the peach trees were introduced by the Jesuits. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 IX 
 
 the Negusena valley, south of west Danby, where a spur of it on the 
 eastern side, forms the interesting knob of Tliaclier’s Pinnacle, and a 
 mile farther east appears in a still more elevated 'point, Ball Hill, its 
 height unknown but certainly rivalling the Caroline hills. At the 
 eastern base of Ball Hill lies Michigan Hollow Swamp, about 1400 
 feet above tide, while two or three miles south of where the ridge 
 crossed the Neguaena, is Summit Marsh, near the source of Negusena 
 Creek. The ridge continues eastward to Durfee Hill, west of the 
 White Church valley and reappears on the east side in the bold 
 cliffs of the North and South Pinnacles and then rises to the rounded 
 summits of Bald Hill 1 and Taft Hill, usually known as the Caroline 
 hills. Northeast between the Caroline hills and the Virgil hills lies 
 Dryden Take. 
 
 The following records from the Survey of N. Y, show some of the 
 elevations along the divide east and northeast of us, the first named 
 being on a northerly somewhat isolated branch : 
 
 No. 1 13, Dryden sta., on Creamer Hill, central part of Dryden, 1880 ft. 
 “ 385, Richford sta., Tioga Co., east of Caroline Hills, 1995 “ 
 
 “ 402, Virgil sta., Cortland Co., east of Woodwardia Sw., 2133 “ 
 
 “ 419, Morehead sta. , “ “ east of the Round Marshes, 1865“ 
 
 “ 382, Solon sta., “ “ northeast of Cortland, 1977 “ 
 
 “ 107, Niles sta.. Cayuga Co., east of Owasco L. 1621 “ 
 
 It will be useful to compare the elevations of some of the marshes, 
 ponds, “summits” or R. R. stations in the valleys near the dividing 
 ridge. These are derived chiefly from the R. R. Surveys. 
 
 W. Danby railroad station 872 feet 
 
 Summit “ “ 1072 “ 
 
 Summit Marsh 1050 “ 
 
 White Church railroad station 958 ‘ ‘ 
 
 Dryden Lake, (surface.) 1160 “ 
 
 Summit of the S. C. R. R 1215 “ 
 
 Freeville railroad station 1049 “ 
 
 Mallory ville “ 1057 “ 
 
 McLean “ 1090 “ 
 
 Chicago “ 1169 “ 
 
 South Cortland, (Marl Ponds) 1151 
 
 Cortland 1116 “ 
 
 The Round Marshes noo±“ 
 
 The four higher sphagnum swamps in our basin are the little Spruce 
 Swamp on the Enfield Hills, less than two miles south of the N. Y. 
 S. S. 399, and approaching it in elevation, Michigan Hollow and Fir- 
 Tree Swamps in Danby, and the swamps about Locke Pond. The latter 
 is probably the most elevated pond in our region. The lowest sphag- 
 num swamps are Larch Meadow and Fleming Meadow about 400° 
 above the sea. 
 
 The following are the elevations of certain subordinate, but inter- 
 esting points : 
 
 1 The height of Ball Hill, according to Professor H. S. Williams is 
 about 1900 feet. Taft Hill has about the same elevation. 
 
X 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 Ithaca 392 feet 
 
 No. 399, Enfield sta., (N. Y. S. S.) 1464 “ 
 
 “ 420, Turnersta., “ South Hill, Ithaca. 1125 “ 
 
 “ 425, Hungerford sta., “ Eagle Hill, “ . . 1273 “ 
 
 Cornell Univ. S. S. e (the central sta. of our map) 788 “ 
 
 The station number is always plainly marked on the small granite 
 monument erected at each of the stations of the N. Y. Survey. 
 
 From this rapid review of the territory comprised in our Flora it 
 will be seen that it has a peculiar form, and varies much in height, 
 rangingfrom 383 feet at the lake-level, to 2095 feet on the southwest- 
 ern and 2133 feet on the eastern boundaries. Nevertheless these 
 heights can scarcely be called mountains, 1 but giant hills instead, 
 scored out of an ancient table-land. They rarely present cliffs or ex- 
 posed rocks, excepting where some recent ravine or a preglacial val- 
 ley has been cut through the undisturbed strata, but are rounded and 
 cultivated or at least tillable to their summits. 
 
 There remains but one other feature to mention in this general re- 
 view. Nothing in the physical aspect of this region strikes the stran- 
 ger as more characteristic than the so-called gorges or ravines, found in 
 the first great bench above the lake and valleys, wherever a creek or 
 even brook descends to the lower level. The true gorges are proba" 
 bly without exception, of recent or post-glacial origin, the walls are 
 frequently of perpendicular or overhanging rock from fifty to two 
 hundred feet, or even much higher, as in Taughannock and Enfield 
 ravines. Within these great chasms are usually falls or cascades, 
 some of them exceedingly beautiful and of considerable height. 
 
 The ravines themselves are often flanked on either side by a succes- 
 sion of well-marked terraces of sand or gravel, the most conspicuous 
 cases being near Coy Glen, Enfield, and Buttermilk ravines, clearly 
 visible many miles away. 
 
 For comparison with other regions the following elevations are giv- 
 en, derived from railroad, canal and official U. S. Surveys : 
 
 Canandaigua E- 
 
 668 feet 
 
 Skaneateles E. 
 
 932 feet 
 
 Keuka E. 
 
 718 “ 
 
 The Tully Eakes 
 
 1200 “ 
 
 Seneca E. 
 
 445 “ 
 
 Eake Erie 
 
 573 “ 
 
 Cayuga E. 
 
 383 “ 
 
 Eake Ontario 
 
 247 
 
 O wasco E. 713 “ 
 
 The summit level of the canal south from Seneca L. 
 
 is 884 feet. 
 
 The topographical features of this region have so modified or con- 
 trolled the distribution and occurrence of plant forms that the brief 
 outline of them given above seemed absolutely necessary. In other 
 words, soil and exposure have been chiefly influential in this distribu- 
 tion, but in certain species, the connection of the plant-habitat with 
 the great and more remote centers of distribution, together with the 
 elevation, high or low as the case may be, furnish important, perhaps 
 essential, conditions. It will be seen that the southern part of our 
 
 1 On the map accompanying Kalm’s Travel, published 1772, th e 
 heights southeast of Cayuga E. (probably the Caroline hills) are 
 styled the “Onugarechny Mts.” 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 xi 
 
 Flora occupies a portion of that singular and much eroded table-land 
 which forms the extreme outworks of the great Alleghany mountain- 
 chain, but which is cut off from it by the rather narrow valley of the 
 Susquehanna River. This fact presents us with the interesting and 
 subtle problem of our relationship to the peculiar Alleghanian flora, 
 for the solution of which our section of the table-land ought to fur- 
 nish a better field than any other, both on account of its elevation 
 and the narrowness at this point of the valley separating us from the 
 Alleghany foothills. . Furthermore this table-land was the boundary 
 of the ancient inland sea, which according to a favorite hypothesis 
 with geologists, once existed over the whole area occupied by the 
 great lakes and the low country adjoining, and which may have 
 drained southwardly through several of the deep channels, the so- 
 called preglacial valleys, continuing southwardly from most of our 
 Central New York lakes. If this hypothesis is correct the North 
 should have contributed some peculiar plant to our region as it has to 
 Niagara, the present gateway of its waters. It is reasonable to sup- 
 pose that a few would become permanent if the conditions were favor- 
 able. To the first of these problems we are not fully prepared to give 
 an answer although we have visited the Alleghanies in Virginia and 
 elsewhere for comparison of floras. Upon the second, more can be 
 said and both are touched upon later in the discussion of the ‘ ‘ Lesser 
 Local Floras.” 
 
 The Maps. 
 
 The Map of the Lake Region of Central New York. — The title of 
 this map sufficiently explans its chief object. It was also designed to 
 show the relation of our own hydrographic basin to those surrounding 
 it, and to furnish a convenient hand-map to those in adjoining coun- 
 ties, who are making field observations in botany. There is little 
 about its construction that professes to be original. Within our own 
 basin, however, the interesting marshes and higher hills and certain 
 features of Cayuga Lake have been indicated, in addition to those 
 given on the ordinary maps. The maps of N. Y. are notoriously in- 
 accurate 1 as regards the exact geographical position of towns, and 
 must be much more so in regard to streams, features always slurred 
 over by commercial map-makers. As the above-named map was based 
 on the French map and those of Asher and Adams’ Gazetteer, the er- 
 rors, except certain prominent ones in our own basin, could not be 
 eliminated. 
 
 The Map of Ithaca and Vicinity. — This is designed for the use of 
 collectors who wish to go out for a single day’s excursion from the 
 University. In its construction we took as a basis the excellent map 
 of Cayuga Lake and its shores, constructed after a careful survey by 
 the Engineering Department of this University, and we would thank 
 the professors in that department not only for the use of this, but for 
 additional measurements derived from the same source. Of the vari- 
 
 1 See statement in Report of the N. Y. State Survey for 1876 and 
 1877 , by JamesT. Gardiner. 
 
Xll 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 ous local maps, we found that the maps showing the most nearly cor- 
 rect survey were those in the Atlas of Tompkins Co., by Stone and 
 Stewart. These agreed so well with Professor Fuertes’ map in respect 
 to the ground covered by both, that the Atlas was used as a guide in 
 completing our map. The Atlas is almost the only map giving the 
 north line of Ithaca township correctly. The position of roads, rail- 
 roads, schoolhouses, marshes, etc. were verified by personal observa- 
 tion, and town-boundaries by inspection of original records. The 
 task of correctly representing the streams was considerable, as the ex- 
 isting maps were full of errors regarding them. All we can now say 
 is, that after visiting these and making careful observation, we correct- 
 ed a large number of errors and omissions, and our map is much more 
 nearly accurate than the older ones. What every one must look forward 
 to with expectancy, is the completion of the admirable State Survey 
 now in progress under Mr. James T. Gardiner. With that as a basis 
 there will be a possibility of making wholly accurate local surveys. 
 It is believed, however, that such results will bring about few relative 
 changes in our local map. We therefore feel justified in introducing 
 in it a mechanical arrangement by means of which, as applied to this 
 map, the exact location of any natural object maybe briefly indicated 
 on any label or permanent record in connection with our botanical or 
 other natural history surveys. After various less satisfactory schemes 
 to meet a long felt need of the writer, and his colleague, Professor 
 Comstock, the latter devised a plan much more simple and useful 
 than the ordinary system of squares applied to maps, and at the wri- 
 ter’s request he drew up the following explanation of it, which was 
 published in Science , Vol. VII, (1886), p. 352. “For the purposes of our 
 local survey a well-known point on the University grounds is taken 
 as a centre. Upon a map of this locality, a north and south line and 
 an east and west line are drawn through this point. These lines are 
 marked o. Other lines are drawn parallel to these lines dividing the 
 map into squares, each line indicating the distance of one kilometre, 
 These lines are numbered, beginning in each case at the one next the 
 zero line and reading toward the margin of the page. By means of roads> 
 streams and other conspicuous objects, the position on the map, of any 
 locality can be easily ascertained ; and its distance north or south of 
 one zero line, and east or west of the other, seen at a glance/ It is 
 only necessary to write figures indicating those co-ordinates upon a 
 printed blank label to accurately indicate the locality. This label 
 should have printed upon it the name of the centre of reference ; it 
 may also have letters indicating two of the cardinal points of the 
 compass. In the latter case four sets of labels wotild be necessary. 
 The following is an example : — 
 
 Cornell U. | This filled out might read as follows : | 
 
 This system was suggested to me by the way in which localities are 
 indicated in the city of Washington.” 
 
 The central point taken for our map, and one whose latitude and 
 longitude are accurately known, is the Cornell University S. S. e locat- 
 ed a short distance south of Morrill Hall. It makes the University 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 the center of all our future explorations and field observations in this 
 region. Although the English measure has been used on the larger 
 map, in the descriptive portion of this introduction, and in the eleva- 
 tions given, because all previous estimates have been in this measure, 
 the Kilometre 1 2 is used on the smaller map. The metric S3'stem is 
 used in the body of the catalogue and wherever practicable, for all 
 our permanent scientific records. 
 
 In the catalogue, instant apprehension is desirable rather than 
 brevit}’ in the record, therefore the above system of abbreviations is but 
 sparingly used to indicate localities. Certain woods and other locali- 
 ties, however, are often referred to but are not named on the map. 
 We give these below : 
 
 Bates Woods, N. 4^, W. \]/ 2 . Negundo Wds. S. 2^, W. 3. 
 
 Dart Woods, S. 3, E. 7. “Nook” greenhouse, N. y, W. 
 
 Eagle Hill, S. 2^, E. 2^. Renwick Farm, N. 1 to 3, W. oto 5. 
 
 Ferris Brook, (mouth) S. i^> W. f. Rhodes Woods, N. 1^3, E. 8. 
 Flemings. House, S. 3 >£, W. 3^. 
 
 Glen Poud.S. W. y z . 
 
 Land-slide (S. M. Cr.) S. 2^, E. 
 
 McGowan Woods, S. E. 1 % 
 
 The necessary reductions and the draughting of the maps were prin- 
 cipally accomplished by my friend and pupil, Mr. O. E. Pearce of the 
 present Senior class, and the Department of Palseobotany at Washing- 
 ton. To his knowledge of botany was added familiarity with techni- 
 cal drawing and his faithful work I cannot too warmly commend. 
 
 Stevens Woods, N. 2, W. 2 >H- 
 Valentine Brook, S. i^j, W. \ 
 Valley Cem., S. 4, W. 4 X- 
 2 Willow Pond, S. %, E. o. 
 
 The Lesser Floras. 
 
 Naturally a larger Flora is made up of distinct regions each possess- 
 ing its characteristic plants. They might be classified as follows : 
 
 1. The Montezuma and Cayuga Marshes. For convenience we 
 might say the beginning of these marshes was at Farley’s Point and 
 Canoga, for here we first strike the peculiar plants of the marshes. 
 These are Hibiscus Moscheutos, Dianther a, Cyperus Michauxianus 
 and C. Engelmanni , Spartina or Cordgrass, Panicum virgatum , and 
 formerly Hippuris and Rhexia. In addition to these, at Cayuga 
 Bridge, appear Phragmites or the “Reed,” Nymphcea tuberosa , Mik- 
 ania , Wolffia and Carex alata. For the rest these marshes are made 
 up chiefly of flags, sedges and coarse grasses, the most common being 
 Typha, Scirpus fluviatilis and Deyeuxia Canadensis , which cover 
 the perfectly level, prairie-like expanse for fifteen miles. It is the 
 salt-springs aud brackish soil about them, however, which afford the 
 most unique group. The old Indian salt-springs described by Father 
 Raffeix, 3 west of Cayuga Marshes and north of the Demont bridge, 
 give us Eleocharis rostellata ; and the several abundant springs at 
 Montezuma, one near the canal and two near the banks of Salt Creek, 
 together with their brackish meadows produce the following : 
 
 1 The Kilometre = 0.62138 mile. 
 
 2 Elmwood Glen, Camp Warwick and Franklin’s ravine, three ra- 
 vines, either with summer camps or with cottages, occur in the order 
 named north of King’s Ferry, Cayuga Lake. 
 
 3 See “ Primitive Flora.” 
 
XIV 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Ranunculus Cymbalaria 
 
 Chenopodium rubrum, (. Blituni maritimum ) 
 
 Juncus Gerardi 
 
 Zannichellia palustris 
 
 Scirpus maritimus 
 
 Panicum proliferum 
 
 Diplachne fascicularis, ( Leptochloa ) 
 
 Atriplex hastata, (with very red stems. ) 
 
 We only need to find Ruppia in Salt Creek, and Salicornia and 
 Triglochin maritimum to make our saline list equal to that of Onon- 
 daga Lake, as given by Clinton. 
 
 2. Cayuga Lake Shore. — The most characteristic plants of the lake 
 cliffs extend only into the lower sections of the ravines at or near the 
 head of the lake. A few are found fringing the rocks of the Neguas- 
 na and White Church valleys. Among the former are Shepherdia. 
 Symphoricarpus racemosus , var. pancijlorus, Neillia , Myosotis verna 
 and Salix longifolia. On the low sandy points on the lake shore, 
 particularly on the limestone is found Juncus alpinus , var. insignis , 
 while near by may be found Astragalus Canadensis , A. Cooperi, 
 Vicia Americana , Lathyrus palustris and its var. myrtifolius , Aster 
 Tradescenti and Polygonum lapathifolium. A group of introduced 
 shore plants is interesting. It includes Lythrum Salicaria , Scleran- 
 thus annuus, Linaria Elatine, Bidens bipinnata, Scabiosa australis. 
 Laduca Scariola and Polygonum nodosum , the latter possibly native. 
 
 3. Cayuga L. its Inlets aud Outlet : The aquatics of the lake are 
 unusually luxuriant, and the forms perhaps more than ordinarily num- 
 erous. Those not found elsewhere in the Flora are Myriophyllum 
 verticillatum , M. heterophyllum , Naias marina and its varieties 
 gracilis and recurvata. The Potamogetons are especially luxuriant 
 and abundant. 
 
 3. The Alluvial Flood-plains and Creek-bottoms. — These are the 
 most sheltered spots in our whole Flora. The principal one is the 
 Ithaca plain and its characteristic region is Negundo Woods, in aspect 
 a bit of western river-bottom woods. Small ones occur at the mouths 
 of ravines along the lake and even within the ravines. The soil is 
 usually deep, rich and productive though sometimes gravelly. A few 
 very rare plants belong to these levels, among them the more south- 
 ern species of Chcerophyllum, Box Elder, the Kentucky Coffee-Tree ; 
 also Ariscema Dracontnim and Echinocystis are found here. The 
 Hackberry, the Downy and the Green Ash, the Bur Oak and Silver 
 Maple, Alnus serrulata , Staphylea, Mertensia Virginica are charac- 
 teristic of the long deep groove of the Cayuga Lake and Neguaena 
 valleys but in rare cases they stray out of it. Here also are found all 
 our willows — species and hybrids, excepting Salix myrtilloides , al- 
 though they are not all confined to the alluvial tracts ; indeed no 
 genus of plants so predominates in the valley excepting some of the 
 Graminece. 
 
 5. Ravines. — These, a unique feature of our region, often bring 
 together the plants of deep swampy woods, those of the alluvial bot- 
 toms, those of the exposed cliffs of the lake, those of the cold wet 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 xv 
 
 cliffs of subarctic latitudes, and lastly the plants of the dry woods, 
 usually found near the brink of the ravine, suggest those of the dry 
 ridges of the Alleghanies ; the latter we will place under the next 
 heading. While the ravines shelter the rare Clematis verticillaris, 
 Quercus prinoides (tree form) Populus balsam if era, Polymnia Uve- 
 dalia , Blephilia the two species of Lophanthus, Monarda clinopodia, 
 Carex Steudelii , and a host of our common but most beautiful spring 
 and summer plants, their most remarkable inhabitants are the plants 
 of the wet cliffs few in number, but forming a significant group. They 
 are Pinguicula vulgaris , Primula Mistassinica, Saxifraga aizoides, 
 all growing together at Taughannock, the first two in Fall Creek, the 
 first in Cascadilla ravine. They are always on the south wall, except- 
 ing one north side station in Cascadilla for Pinguicula. For Pingui- 
 cula and Saxifraga , our stations seem to be more southern than any 
 other in America. Primula is found at the head of L. Keuka, whose 
 latitude is a few miles south of that of Ithaca. To be classed with 
 these is Draba arabisans, occuring in two small ravines on the 
 east shore of Cayuga L. It is found in northern N. Y. and in Akron, 
 Erie Co. , N. Y. , considerably north of our latitude. All the above are 
 plants of British America extending to Hudson’s Bay and Alaska. 
 
 6. The Woodlands. — The dry -woods of this region, often appearing 
 somewhat barren, really present us with an interesting group of 
 plants. They occupy the knolls along the borders of our ravines, 
 such as Fall Creek and Buttermilk Creek, but their peculiarities ap- 
 pear more striking perhaps on the so-called “pinnacles” of W. Danby 
 and Caroline. Their characteristic trees are the Pitch Pine, Rock Oak 
 Yellow Oak, occasionally the Scarlet Oak and Pignut Hickory. For 
 undergrowth Vaccinium stamineum , V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacil- 
 lans, Rhododendron nudiflorum, Ceanothus, Solidago squarrosa and 6”. 
 bicolor , Gerardia pedicularia, G. quercifolia and G. flava , Gillenia 
 trifoliata , Salix humilis , Panicum nervosum , Asclepias phytolac- 
 coides, the Desmodiums and Hieracium venosum. Kalmia latifolia , 
 Epigcea , Chimaphila umbellata , Chamcelirium , Pyrola rotundifolia, 
 also occur, usually in woods somewhat more moist. The rare plants are 
 Pterospora , Oryzopsis Canadensis , Panicum xanthophysum , Dey- 
 euxia Porteri and Lonicera glauca, var. (the form 402 of the Cat.) 
 Myrica Comptonia is occasional. 
 
 Of the damp woods, those crowning the higher hills, in some cases 
 pass into those just mentioned, but present in addition a sprinkling of 
 more northern plants. Habenaria orbiculata will be found in them 
 sparingly and in woods of this character on the summits of the high 
 hills of Danby and Caroline, occur our only specimens of the rare Po- 
 gonia verticillata , none of our specimens yet found in flower. 
 
 Passing over the woods of beech and maple abundant in the eastern 
 the eastern section of our basin, also the swampy woods and swamps 
 of black-ash and elm which cover extensive tracts.north of Forest Home 
 we shall find in the swampy woods of hemlock, often surrounding the 
 sphagnum swamps of Dryden, etc., some beautiful species. In the 
 drier portions are Viburnum lantanoides , Trillium erythrocarpum 
 Cypripedium acaule , Cornus Canadensis , Clintonia , Viola rotundifol- 
 
XVI 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 ia ; while among the green, luxuriant mosses of the low places occur 
 Cypripedium pubescens, Mitella nuda, Habenaria fimbriata, Coptis, 
 Calla, and rarely Corallorhiza innata , Microstylis monophyllos and 
 Trillium cernuum. There is a gradual transition from swampy woods 
 of this character to the deep swamps containing sphagnum. 
 
 7. Sphagnum Swamps and Open Peat-bogs. — Of the first there are 
 fifteen or more, including the springy tracts where sphagnum occurs 
 in some abundance. None of these are extensive, and many are over- 
 grown with Nemopanthes and Vaccinium corymbosum , or in a few 
 cases with Tamarack and Black Spruce. In openings in these we find 
 the royal flowers of Cypripedium spectabile , also Chiogenes the Erio- 
 phorums , Drosera , Habenaria dilatata , Spiranthes Romanzoffiana , 
 and often great masses of Trollius. Some of the same species occur 
 in the sphagnum about the remarkable springs which gush out in 
 great numbers from the drift-banks or the terminal moraines near 
 Mud Creek, near Malloryville, near the Round Marshes and Rake 
 Creek, in the valley north of Dryden Lake, near Brookton and W. 
 Danby. 
 
 The Open Peat-bogs are few in number and are gradually passing 
 over into the sphagnum swamps ; the Freeville Peat-bog, the Mal- 
 loryville Marsh and several of the Round Marshes, Larch Meadow, — 
 now drained, — the pond-marsh southeast of Chicago sta. belonging to 
 this type. The Round Marshes, two miles east of McLean, are the 
 most interesting of the group mentioned, principally because the fine 
 old woods of hemlock and birch surrounding them have been most 
 happily preserved by the owners. The marshes consist of a chain of 
 five small peat-bogs, separated by swampy tracts, also a half-sphagnum, 
 natural meadow with sedges, orchids, Menyanthes etc., surrounding a 
 large spring-pond. Bordering the meadow are a considerable number 
 of the Populus balsamifera , var. candicans, probably planted by the 
 first settler of McLean whose cabin was built near the spring in the 
 notch hard by. North, through Grade's swamp, runs Beaver Creek 
 derived from the numerous springs of this region. The plants of the 
 Open Peat-bogs are better marked as a group, than those of any of 
 the other lesser Floras. They are too well known to need mention, 
 and chiefly belong to the Ericacece, Orchidacece , Cyperacecs , and are 
 mostly of northern origin. Sarracenia occurs in all and Menyanthes 
 in nearly all, Salix myrtilloides and Arethusa are peculiar to the 
 Freeville bog and Eriophorum alpinum to the Round Marshes. 
 
 8. The Watershed Marshes and Ponds. — These marshes often ex- 
 
 hibit a combination of the floral characters of the several marshes and 
 swamps described. So far as our present knowledge goes the follow- 
 ing plants are peculiar to their respective localities : Potamogeton 
 
 Spirillus to Cayuta L-, Potamogeton obtusifolius and Glyceria Cana- 
 densis to Summit Marsh, Rhododendron maximum and Goodyera 
 Menziesii to Michigan Hollow, Carex capillaris to the Marl Ponds, 
 Myrica Gale to Locke Pond, beside those mentioned at the end of the 
 preceding section. 
 
 9. West Junius. — Newton’s two ponds, Lowery’s two ponds and a 
 fifth west of these, lie in a sandy rolling country of entirely different 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 xvn 
 
 character from the Ithaca region. They are in reality very large 
 springs from which are always pouring large brooks of cold water. 
 Their united waters flow north to the Clyde River. Bej^ond a sandy 
 ridge and a few rods south of the ponds, is a Tamarack swamp extend- 
 ing to the Pout Pond, the outlet of which is Black Brook flowing south 
 into the Seneca River, west of Waterloo. These are, therefore, water- 
 shed marshes and ponds half-way between the Cayuga and the Clyde 
 River water-systems. The following plants are found in the marshes 
 about these several ponds, — excepting the last eight, which occur in 
 damp sandy soil not far away, — and have not been observed in the 
 Cayuga Flora proper : 
 
 Scleria verticillata. 
 
 Carex Buxbaumii. 
 
 ‘ ‘ chorhdorhiza. 
 
 “ decomposita. 
 
 “ disticha. 
 
 Tephrosia Virginiana. 
 
 Baptisia tinctoria. 
 
 Kalmia angustifolia. 
 Pycnanthemum lanceolatum. 
 Cyperus filiculmis. 
 
 Carex mouile. 
 
 Panicum microcarpum. 
 
 Dicentra eximia? 
 
 Gerardia purpurea , Gentiana crinita, Thuja , Habenaria tridenta- 
 ta, Arethusa , Eleocharis rostellata, Cladium , Carex alata, Corydalis 
 glauca, Galium pilosum , Andromeda ligustrina , Myrica cerifera , 
 although elsewhere in our limits, are rare, and are inhabitants of West 
 Junius. The ponds and their marshes where occur this odd combina- 
 tion of Atlantic coast and northern species, are like a little section 
 from Bergen Swamp, Genesee Co. Considering their very limited 
 area they contain as interesting a flora as any other region in our state. 
 
 Drosera intermedia, var. Ameri- 
 cana. 
 
 Valeriana sylvatica. 
 
 Solidago Ohioensis. 
 
 “ neglecta, var. linoides. 
 
 Utricularia cornuta. 
 
 Gentiana linearis. 
 
 Bartonia tenella. 
 
 Habenaria blephariglottis. 
 
 “ ciliaris. 
 
 Triglochin palustre. 
 Scheuchzeria palustris. 
 Rhynchospora capillacea. 
 
 The Affinities of the Cayuga Flora. 
 
 Without doubt it is closely allied to the plants of that vast area in- 
 cluding the Ohio valley, the Great Lakes and a part of Canada. Our 
 territory of course, skirts the southern or southeastern side of this, 
 just w’here it sweeps round toward its northern terminus. The num- 
 ber of species which find their eastern or southeastern or southern 
 limit with us will furnish something of a test of our relation to that 
 region. After a careful review it is found that at least fifteen species 
 having a western and southwestern distribution find their limit with- 
 in our territory. Among these are Jejfersonia, Gymnocladus , Solida- 
 go Ohioensis , Cary a sulcata. That some of these are found farther 
 east, as near Oneida L., does not interfere with the general truth 
 stated, viz., that they do not pass beyond us'into«Susquehanna basin so 
 far as known. There are thirteen species having a decidedly north- 
 western, northern or northeastern range which have their southern 
 terminus here. 
 
XV111 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 These are: 
 
 Goodyera Menziesii, 
 
 Draba arabisans, 
 
 Saxifraga aizoides, 
 
 Lonicera oblongifolia, 
 Petasites palmata (probably), 
 Pinguicula vulgaris, 
 
 Populus balsamifera, 
 
 Juncus alpinus, var. insignis, 
 Eleocharis pauciflora, 
 
 Carex gynocrates, (at Savannah), 
 
 capillaris, 
 
 CEderi. 
 
 Primula Mistassinica, 
 
 The following apparently have their limit of distribution here but 
 probably extend into the mountainous parts of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The very remarkable sub-arctic group, — Primula and others, — may 
 have been driven down here by the ice-sheet and have retained their 
 foothold after its recession, finally retreating to the shaded wet walls 
 of the ravines which were then forming, where they now remain, iso- 
 lated from the home of the species. Several species are curiously 
 modified in form and appearance, so as to resemble — according to a 
 well-known biological law, — related species whose center of distribu- 
 tion is in this region. Such is the case with Carya sulcata , Viola 
 renifolia and Juncus alpinus , var. insignis. 
 
 There are also visible traces in our flora of a connection with 
 the Alleghanian plants. The best evidence is in the characteristic, 
 common plants of the dry woods and ridges enumerated under the 
 Lesser Floras. Indeed to any one familiar with the mountains of 
 Virginia the correspondence is most striking. A few rare plants of 
 Alleghanian origin probably find their northwestern limit with or 
 but little north of us. These are Dicentra eximia , Magnolia acu- 
 minata, Prenanthes serpentaria , Deyeuxia Porteri and Rhodode?i~ 
 dron maximum. Hydrangea arbor escens, found near Wellsburg on 
 the Chemung R. and even in Warsaw Glen by Dr. Jordan, also by 
 Miss Ross, will probably be found in our flora. There are a consider- 
 able number of species with a general southern range which disappear 
 before they reach our northern limits. I have enumerated fifteen 
 such, the most interesting of which are Negundo aceroides , Agrimo- 
 nia parvijlora, Coreopsis discoidea , Polymnia Uvedalia , Potamogeton 
 obtusifolius , Juncus marginatus and Cyperus Engelmanrti. That the 
 Appalachian system has long interposed itself between us and the 
 coast is evidenced by the few species peculiar to that region which 
 terminate within our limits. Solidago neglecta , var. linoides, and 
 Andromeda ligustrina with possibly Carex glaucodea are the only 
 indigenous species recognized as belonging to that class. 
 
 It is believed that the following local species have not been report- 
 ed from elsewhere in* New York : Goodyera Menziesii , Carya sul- 
 
 cata. Potamogeton obtusifolius, P. Hillii, Carex capillaris, Deyeuxia 
 Porteri , Panicum nervosum , Polygonum nodosum. 
 
 Viola renifolia, 
 
 Valeriana sylvatica, 
 Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, 
 Carex Deweyana, 
 
 China pendula, 
 Poa debilis. 
 
 Carex longirostris, 
 
 pauciflora, 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 XIX 
 
 The Primitive Flora. 
 
 That the basin of Cayuga Lake was originally densely forested 
 over three-fourths of its area, there can be little doubt. It also seems 
 clear that the Cayuga tribe of Indians who were either occupants or 
 overlords of all the territory within, and far south of our limits, had 
 many cleared fields at the time of the arrival on the shores of our 
 lake, of the Jesuits, Father Joseph Chaumonot and Father Rend 
 Menard, in Aug. 1656. Although they dwelt among the Indians until the 
 remarkable flight of all the missionaries in Mar. 1657, before the sup- 
 posed conspiracy of the League ; and although they wrote voluminous 
 letters of their life, their trials, their hopes and their failures, there is 
 scarcely a word upon the aspect of the natural world which surrounded 
 them. The mission at Cayuga was restored in 1668, and Stephen de 
 Carheil remained there till 1684, when he was driven out by two 
 Cayuga chiefs. Still we should know nothing of the region had not a 
 Jesuit, Father Raffeix, who evidently had an observant mind, taken de 
 Carheil’s place, during a temporary absence of the latter. He was a man 
 of wide experience and had visited the other tribes of the League in their 
 own homes. He writes in the Relations for the year 1671-72, (Quebec 
 Ed. p. 22): “Cayuga is the most beautiful country I have seen in 
 America. It is situated in latitude 42 and the needle dips scarcely 
 more than ten degrees. It is a country situated between two lakes 1 
 and is no more than four leagues wide, with almost coutinuous plains 
 bordered by beautiful forests. Agnie, (the country of the Mohawks), 
 is a valley very narrow, often very stony, and always covered with 
 fog ; the hills which enclose it seems to me to be very poor land. 
 Oneida and Onondaga, as well as Seneca, appear too rough and too lit- 
 tle adapted to the chase. Every year in the vicinity of Cayuga more 
 than a thousand deer are killed. Four leagues distant from here 9 , on 
 the brink of the river (Seneca outlet) are eight or ten fine salt fountains, 
 in a small space. It is there that numbers of nets are spread for 
 pigeons, and from seven to eight hundred are often taken at a single 
 stroke of the net. Lake Tiohero, one of the two which join our 
 canton, is fully fourteen leagues long and one or two broad. It 
 abounds in swan and geese all winter, and in the spring one sees a 
 continuous cloud of all sorts of game. The river which rises in the 
 lake, soon divides into different channels enclosed by prairies, with 
 here and there fine and attractive bays of considerable extent, excel- 
 lent places for hunting.” It is not difficult to picture to one’s self the 
 country here described. The marshes were as they are now, while 
 all the country about, used by the Indians for the purpose of deer- 
 stalking, was made up of “continuous plains” (the “oak-openings”) 
 bordered by the forest. The openings were kept clear by the Indians, 
 by annually burning them over. These openings were described 
 
 ’O wasco and Cayuga Lakes. 
 
 ' 2 He wrote from Goiogoiien or Cayuga, a town on the bank of Big 
 Gully, and refers here to the salt springs north of the old Demont 
 tavern and bridge, west side of Cayuga marshes. 
 
XX 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 by President Dwight in his tour through Western New York, 1822. 1 
 Greenhalgh in his Journey “from Albany to ye Indians westward,” 
 1677, says of the Cayugas : “they have abundance of corne,” which 
 implies of course cleared fields near their villages, at the foot of Cayu- 
 ga Lake. But the universal testimony is that the forests became very 
 much denser and more tangled near the head of the lake and through- 
 out the country south. The Cayugas made frequent excursions 
 through this country southward to the Susquehanna, and they are 
 spoken of in Hiawatha’s decrees as the people whose “habitation was 
 the dark forest,” their country being much more densely wooded 
 than Onondaga. John Bartram, a Pennsylvania Quaker and most ex- 
 cellent botanist, a keen observer and the most delightful of letter- 
 writers, made a journey to Onondaga in 1743, passing up the Susque- 
 hanna to Owego Creek. He then passed through the forest probably 
 traversing the east part of Tompkins Co., and the western part of 
 Cortland Co. He at .first passed “over fine, level, rich land” with 
 “oak, birch, beech, ash, spruce, linden, elm, hepatica, and maiden- 
 hair in abundance.” Then he struck “swampy land, then thickets, 
 and on the hills, spruce and white pine.” Reaching level ground — 
 perhaps near the present site of Cortland — he found it “ full of tall tim- 
 ber of sugar-maple, birch, linden, ash, beech, and shrubs of opulus, 
 green-maple, hornbeam, hamamelis, Solanum, gooseberries and red 
 currants.” He describes the tops of the trees as so thick and inter- 
 lacing that it is “impossible to see which way the wind drives or the 
 clouds set.” He next reached the dividing ridge where he found 
 chestnut and cherry in addition to the other trees ; and toward Onon- 
 daga they found many “ oaks, hickories, plums and apple-trees full of 
 fruit. ’ ’ 
 
 This corresponds well with the present distribution of species, so 
 far as the hardwoods are concerned. From Dr. Parker and other resi- 
 dents of Ithaca, whose recollections reach back to 1830 or 1835, we 
 know that the tracts of white-pine now wholly cleared away, were ex- 
 tensive and well-defined. There was a heavy growth of it in Enfield 
 stretching up for a long distance between the lakes. It descended in- 
 to the Negusena valley near Buttermilk Falls, covered the top of 
 South Hill, extended back in several well defined tracts through Dan- 
 by and Newfield and occupied portions of Negusena and other val- 
 leys. The pine was particularly heavy about Summit Marsh. There 
 were also large tracts in the upper part of Cascadilla valley, on Tur- 
 key Hill, and the pine-land extended north in narrow belts from 
 this region, penetrating the tracts of elm and maple of that region. 
 About Ithaca on the hills were “ openings” of oak and hickory and 
 on both shores of the lake, these with other hardwoods prevailed. 
 In the valley near Ithaca, near Buttermilk Falls, and on both shores 
 of the lake there were apple-orchards, and cleared fields, culti- 
 vated by the Indians. On the bank near the Fleming school- 
 house was an Indian town called Coreorganel, destroyed by Sulli- 
 van’s army in 1779, and about the site Indian apple-trees existed 
 
 ‘Dwight’s Travels, 1822, Vol. IV, p. 58. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 XXI 
 
 dowy to a comparatively recent date. Although the Moravian mis- 
 sionaries, and particularly Bishop David Zeisberger, traversed this val- 
 ley not infrequently, as early as 1750, it was not settled by white men 
 till 1789, so that all the changes in vegetation which have taken place 
 have come about in less than a century. 
 
 Sketch of the Explorations. 
 
 The first professional botanist to penetrate any portion of this basin 
 was John Bartram, whose journey to Onondaga in 1743, was described 
 above. His journey was not primarily a botanical one, and his book 
 entitled : “Observations on the Inhabitants etc., in Travels from Penn- 
 sylvania to Lake Ontario,” was printed in London, 1751, and is now a 
 rare work. 
 
 Not many years after Peter Kalm, Professor of CEconomy at the 
 University of Aobo in Swedish Finland, a friend of Linnaeus, was sent 
 over by the Swedish government, to collect seeds and plants for the 
 gardens and herbaria of that country. He collected extensively in 
 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and Canada from 1748 till his 
 return in 1751. During 1750 he made a journey “along the Mohawk 
 to the Iroquois nations, where he got acquainted with the Mohawks, 
 Oneidas, Tuscaroras, Onondagas and Kayugaws.” His “Travels into 
 North America,” were published soon after his return and translated 
 into English in 1772 ; but while he gives minute accounts of some of 
 his experiences, his journey to, and life among the Six Nations is 
 scarcely touched upon in these volumes. His collections which were 
 very valuable went very largely into the Linnaean Herbarium, now in 
 England. 
 
 Frederick Pursli, another European explorer, passed through Ith- 
 aca in 1807. He left a record of his journey, which was over- 
 looked until 1868, when it came to light in Philadelphia among some 
 papers in the possession of the Amer. Phil. Society. It was published 
 in the Gardener’s Monthly and afterward in pamphlet form. The 
 following literal extract from Pursh’s Journal , is of some general in- 
 terest, but chiefly so in revealing the abundance of introduced plants 
 even at that early day. He found nothing of importance in our re- 
 gion. His nomenclature will seem at the present time quite anti- 
 quated, and his English is somewhat broken : 
 
 “July 6. — [1807.] — Left Tyoga, up Cayuta Creek — Apocynum 
 andrassemifolium very plenty in the cleared lands ; in the oak woods 
 I observed the Lily often seen before, but I cannot reccollect which 
 species it is ;itisLiliuin foliis sparsis verticillatisque : caulle unifloro ; 
 floribus erectis, semipatentibus ; petalis unguiculatis. The valley, 
 formed by Cayuta Creek is in soil and vegetation similar to the beecli- 
 wood. Oxalis acetosella — but not plenty — Helleborus viridis. Dra- 
 caena borealis, — Orchis fimbriata in full bloom — Dalibarda violoides in 
 fruit. The woods abount with sugar-maple ; The valley is in some 
 places very narrow and the creek very winding which obliged me 
 to wate it several times to keep the road — I lieartyly expected to 
 reach the house this night, which had been recommended to me, to 
 stay at, but I dit come to it before it got dark. I observed in a small 
 run a species of Sium, as I suppose, without flowres, whose leaves un- 
 der the water were very fine divided and the upper ones only pin- 
 nate. I call it S. heterophyllum. From a small tavern whecli is kept 
 
XXII 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 here, is about 22 miles to the head of Cayuga, which I intend to reach 
 to-morrow. 
 
 7. — Having opportunity of going in company of a wagon, who 
 would carry my things, I set out early this morning. The road leads 
 through a very rornantick valley, the mountains sometimes very high. 
 After following the course of Cayuta Cr. for 9 miles, we turned off to 
 the right. 8 miles this side of Cayuga city, or as it is called sometimes, 
 Ithaca, we crossed a place very beautifully situated, called Sapony 1 
 Hollow ; this place has been once cleared and probably settled by In- 
 dians, but it is now grown up with small, white pine very hand- 
 somely mixed with Populus tremuloides and Magnolia acuminata. 
 The last is very scarce about here and the trees here in this 
 place and two or three others I seen are of a creeply, small and 
 old growth, nothing like to what they are in Virginia. At this place 
 we refreshed ourselves and feed the horses, as far as this I had this 
 day travel very agreeable, as on account of the roughness of the road 
 and the deep mire holes in some places the wagon could not ^o 011 as 
 fast as I could walk, having plenty of time to look about myself, be- 
 sides being unincumbered with any baggage. But the road getting 
 now good and evening drawing nigh, I had to get into the wagon and 
 we travelei tolerabiy fast. About 3 or 4 miles from Sapony Hollow, the 
 timber changes into oak, and from there to Ithaca it is all Oak timber 
 mixed with pine, with the rest of plants similar to Tyoga point. We 
 arrived at Ithaca at night-fall. 
 
 8. — Being now on the heath of Cayuga I remembered your inform- 
 ation about Erica cserulea growing on the high lands between Cayuga 
 and Seneca lake ; I was very anxious of seeing this plant in its native 
 place, but having not received the particular directions to find the 
 place, as I had been promised of, besides that, being rather afraid of 
 running myself out of money necessary to come to Onondaga, as my 
 pocket was low and the distance considerable, I had to my own mort- 
 ification, to give up all Ideas of a search for it. 2 The morning 
 was rather suspicious for rain, as it had rained some all night, 
 I was detained at Ithaca until 11 o’clock, when I set out for the 
 lake, which is only two miles distance. My route was going on the 
 east side of it. After having crossed Cayuga Creek, with a great deal 
 of difficulty to perform it, and coming on the rising grounds, on the 
 other side, I heard a very strong noise of falling water : I followed 
 the sound and came to one of the most rornantick and beautiful falls 
 of this creek, I had ever seen ; the access even only to a sight of it is 
 very difficult ; but regretted very much that I had not had the least 
 information about these falls at the town, as I should have made it my 
 business to visit them unincumbered with my baggage, that I might 
 have spent the day by it. The ledge of rocks confined in a very nar- 
 row cove, and surrounded by ve^ high hills ; impossible to ascend 
 with a load on my back on account of steepness ; over which this 
 considerable stream drops itself down, is a very interesting scene, and 
 I doubt not if time and opportunity had allowed me to make an ex- 
 amination of it, I might have been paid for the trouble with some- 
 thing or other interesting or new in my line ; but to go back to the 
 town I thought to be too much ; so I had to go on and be satisfied 
 with having had only a peep at it. I got into my road again, where I 
 
 1 Now called “ Pony Hollow.” Sapony Hollow is the only nominal 
 relic in this region, — their last home, — of a once large tribe of Indians 
 called Catawbas or Saponies, formerly residing in Virginia and North 
 Carolina. There is indirect evidence that this last remnant sought 
 protection of the Cayugas, and settled in this valley about 1753. Co- 
 reorganel was their principal town, and their burial places were near 
 that village, also north of Buttermilk Falls and on the bluff near Dr. 
 Parker’s, East Hill, Ithaca. As a nation they were utterly extin- 
 guished by Sullivan’s army as it swept over them, Sept., 1779. 
 
 ‘-The supposed occurrence of Erica, (or Bryantlius taxifolius,) in 
 this region, was, of course, a mistake. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 XX111 
 
 observed along the banks of the creek plants of Pentstemon pubescens, 
 About a mile farther I came to the bank of the lake. The shore 
 which I came to was clear and gravelty with some common weeds 
 growing near it as thistles, mulleins, etc. I followed the shore of it 
 for several miles, being in my route. It is generally covered with 
 oak, maple and hickory Buphtlialmum lieleantlioides is the first 
 yellow Syngenesia plant I seen this year, Taraxacum excepted. A 
 A small Rose, similar to the one I called last year R. monticola, is 
 very plenty here and spreads a most agreeable fragrance through the 
 air. A species of Crataegus, Ludwigia nitida, Ceanotlius America- 
 nus. Lilium Canadense, Apocynum androsaemifoliutn, with a tall 
 Molugo ? Orchis fimbriata, Cornus with white berries, Brigeron co- 
 rymbosum, Typha angustifolia, Smyrnium cordatum, Mimulus alatus, 
 Galium hispidum, Veronica scutellata and some more common plants, 
 I observed in the meadows leading to the lake. I traveled as far as 
 the town of Milton, where I stood over night. The road, as soon as I 
 had left the banks of the lake began to be quit of interest, as the fences 
 of both sides and cultivated fields, with continued plantations and 
 farms occasioned the road only to be covered with common weeds, 
 amongst which the Verbascum thapsus, Anthemis cotula, and Poly- 
 gonum hydropiper, have the upper hand. In one of the woods on 
 this road I collected specimens of Niphrodium filix-mas ? 1 
 
 David Thomas, who came from Pennsylvania in 1805, and settled in 
 Cayuga Co. near Aurora, was at first a teacher, and afterward the en- 
 gineer of the western division of the Erie Canal during its construc- 
 tion. He had an extensive botanic garden at his place east of Levan- 
 na and was an enthusiastic botanist as well as cultivator of plants. 
 He was the first to distinguish and describe Ulmus racemosa , which 
 he did in the Amer. Jour, of Sci. Vol. XIX, p. 170. The plates of this 
 and those of the Dicentras in Vol. XXVI, were drawn by his son 
 John J. Thomas, who made an extensive collection of the local 
 plants in 1827, when he was seventeen. This herbarium is still well 
 preserved and is frequently referred to in this catalogue. Some of the 
 specimens are very valuable, in showfing the character of the ealier 
 flora. For the great kindness of Professor Thomas in going over with 
 this herbarium in the writer’s presence and stating many interesting 
 facts, the latter wishes here to make due acknowledgement. 
 
 Dr. Aikin, a young medical student and pupil of Professor Amos 
 Eaton, visited this region about 1830, and reported several rare plants. 
 Dr. Jedediah Smith of Geneva, Dr. Alex. Thompson of Aurora, Dr, 
 H. P. Sartwell of Penn Van and Dr. S. B. Bradley of Greece all bota- 
 nized more or less within our limits, and discovered many interesting 
 things. Dr. Asa Gray, in 1831, visited the Montezuma Marshes and 
 this lake, stopping at Sheldrake, and finding two rare plants Pogonia 
 pendula aud Linaria Elatine. In Seneca Co., probably, he obtained 
 Goodyera Menziesii. He visited Ithaca but did not remain long. 
 Rev. J. W. Chickering and Prof. W. H. Brewer collected several hun- 
 dred specimens between Cayuga and Seneca Lakes, while they were 
 teachers at Ovid. 
 
 From i860 to 1865, the Hon. H. B. Lord reported a considerable 
 
 1 As Pursh elsewhere refers to Nephrodium marginale, the nearest 
 relative of N. filix-mas, no doubt the one above mentioned was Aspid- 
 ium Goldianum, a species not then described, but which is in his 
 herbarium under the name of N. filix-mas, from an unknown Amer- 
 ican locality. 
 
XXIV 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 number of interesting plants and having been a resident of Ludlow- 
 ville and Ithaca for many years he has given the younger generation 
 of botanists very material aid in regard to localities and rare plants. 
 He was particularly interested in Carices and gave to the University 
 a valuable local collection, at the time of its opening. His name often 
 occurs in this catalogue, but not nearly so often as his intimate and 
 accurate knowledge of our plants would deserve. 
 
 At the opening of Cornell University in 1869, Professor A. N. Pren- 
 tiss of Michigan Agr. Coll, was made Professor of Botany and Horti- 
 culture, and in spite of his administrative and other duties, has al- 
 ways manifested great interest in the development of the local flora. 
 Under his careful guidance several special students, among them Mr. 
 Theo. B. Comstock and Mr. David S. Jordan, both occupying promi- 
 nent college positions at present, became deeply interested in the ex- 
 plorations and the latter summarized during his Senior year (1872), 
 the results of his own experience and that of his friends in a manu- 
 script-catalogue. This was compiled from memory, and largely with- 
 out the aid of preserved specimens and therefore contained some er- 
 rors. But after throwing these out it still shows about 650 species. 
 I11 this catalogue were 33 species of Carices, 35 species of Grasses, 6 
 Willows and 79 Compositse. 
 
 There was at that time a group of men in the University who were 
 strongly interested in botany and who never ceased to keep up that 
 interest. These were Messrs H. E. Copeland, W. A. Kellermann, J. 
 C. Branner, and the writer. Soon after these men left college, there 
 came an excellect botanical student, Mr. F. B. Hine, whose name is 
 mentioned frequently in the following pages. Then came Messrs. 
 William Trelease, F. H. Severance and Charles Atwood, who added to 
 our knowledge of the flora. Especially associated with my own work 
 of exploration in 1881 and 1882, Mr. F. Cooper Curtice, now of the U. 
 S. Geological Survey, rendered most efficient aid by his excellent ob- 
 serving powers. 
 
 The names of Mrs. Professor Brun, Miss I. Howland, Mr. F. U. Kil- 
 borne ; and among recent students, Mr. O. E. Pearce, Messrs. A. L. and 
 F. V. Coville will be found after their discoveries in the following 
 catalogue indicating in a slight way the aid they have rendered 
 iu voluntarily reporting localities or specimens. 
 
 Although the writer compiled a manuscript catalogue in 1876, con- 
 taining 950 flowering plants, and has written out special catalogues of 
 the Compositae, Gramineae and Vascular Cryptogamia, since that 
 time his work on the flora for the past five years has been more 
 systematic than before. He has kept slip records of the occur- 
 rence of every plant noticed on the numerous excursions made, pro- 
 viding there was any reason for supposing the plant was in the least 
 uncommon. I11 some cases, as in some of the orchids and sedges 
 these separate entries for distinct localities have been fifty or seventy- 
 five, in other cases comparatively few. That the number of discover- 
 ies of species alone, new to the flora, has been 510 more than 
 the number in Dr. Jordan’s catalogue is in itself significant of the in- 
 dustry of the survey. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Statistics of the Catalogue. 
 
 The following tables show at a glance certain general as well as 
 special facts in regard to the composition of our flora as it is set forth 
 in the following catalogue. As the numbers in the catalogue are pre- 
 fixed to both species and varieties, and also to a few forms unnamed, 
 but which will probably be regarded as varieties when better known, 
 and as some of the more important of recent catalogues use the same 
 system of numbering, the following summaries will be based on that 
 system and will include both forms. In certain important analj T ses, 
 however, the species and varieties will be distinguished from one 
 another. 
 
 It will be noticed that the catalogue includes several groups of spe- 
 cific and varietal names ; these may be tabulated as follows : 
 
 I. Species native to the Cayuga Flora 963 
 
 II. Species introduced in the Cayuga Flora 197 
 
 Total number of species . 1160 
 
 III. Varieties — native and introduced 118 
 
 Total of numbered species and varieties 1278 
 
 IV. Species spontaneous but not established 53 
 
 V. Species in Seneca and Keuka Flora not in the Cayuga 42 
 No attempt has been made to enumerate the plants we have in ex- 
 cess of those known in the Seneca and Keuka region. That could be 
 done by counting up the species of the catalogue which are followed 
 by “ H ” or “ C,” or both ; but the comparison would not be wholly 
 fair until after a systematic exploration of that region, especially in 
 certain districts which have been quite neglected. 
 
 The following tables include only the numbered forms of the cata- 
 logue, — genera, species and varieties, — and have nothing to do with 
 those names without numbers. 
 
 SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 
 Genera. 
 
 Species 
 
 and 
 
 Varieties. 
 
 Polypetalae 
 
 162 
 
 381 
 
 Gamopetalse 
 
 146 
 
 350 
 
 Total Dichlamydeae .... 
 
 308 
 
 73 1 
 
 Apetalae, (Monochlamydeae) . . 
 
 45 
 
 133 
 
 Total Dicotyledons 
 
 353 
 
 864 
 
 Monocotyledons 
 
 101 
 
 403 
 
 Gymnospermae 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 Total Phsenogamia 
 
 462 
 
 1278 
 
 COMPOSITION OF THE PRINCIPAL ORDERS. 
 
 These are numbered according to the aggregate of species and vari- 
 eties in each. 
 
XXVI 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 
 Orders. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 Species. 
 
 Species 
 
 and 
 
 Varieties. 
 
 I 
 
 Cyperaceae ... . 
 
 9 
 
 120 
 
 151 
 
 2 
 
 Compositae . . . 
 
 39 
 
 112 
 
 125 
 
 3 
 
 Gramineae . ... 
 
 44 
 
 93 
 
 107 
 
 4 
 
 Rosaceae 
 
 17 
 
 57 
 
 69 
 
 5 
 
 Leguminosae. . . . 
 
 17 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 Ranunculaceae . . 
 
 12 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 Orcliidaceae . . . 
 
 13 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 Ericaceae .... 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 9 
 
 Cruciferae .... 
 
 14 
 
 3 i 
 
 34 
 
 10 
 
 Naiadaceae . . . 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 34 
 
 11 
 
 Labiatae 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 12 
 
 Scrophulariaceae . 
 
 14 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 13 
 
 Polygonaceae . . 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 Salicaceae .... 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 Liliaceae ..... . 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 
 Umbelliferae . . . . 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 17 
 
 Caprifoliaceae . . 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL GENERA. 
 
 The following are arranged according to the number of species and 
 varieties in each. 
 
 
 Genera. 
 
 Species. 
 
 Species 
 
 and 
 
 Varieties. 
 
 1 
 
 Carex 
 
 84 
 
 112 
 
 3 
 
 Potamogeton 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 Aster 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 Salix 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 Polygonum 
 
 J 9 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 Solidago 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 Panicum 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 Juncus 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 Ranunculus 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 Viola 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 Scirpus 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 Habenaria ... 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 Prunus 
 
 TO 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 Galium 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 In Carex and Salix , the few hybrids occurring are classed provis- 
 ionally with the varieties. 
 
 COMPARISON WITH OTHER FEORAS. 
 
 It will be instructive to compare the results of our explorations with 
 those exhibited in other, similar catalogues. For this we have se- 
 lected several catalogues of certain representative sections of the State 
 of New York, and a few well-known catalogues of more distant re- 
 gions, where the work has been measurably thorough. Those selected 
 from N. Y. are : i. “ Plants of Oneida Co. and Vicinity by John 
 
 A. Paine, Jr., 1864 ; printed in the 18th Annual Report on the State 
 Cabinet. This was a valuable catalogue, but covered in reality nearly 
 the whole State, excepting the southeastern and the Adirondack re- 
 gions. 2. “ Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity by the Buff. Soc. of Nat. 
 Hist., 1882. It includes the plants within a radius of thirty miles of 
 Buffalo. 3. ‘ ‘ Plants growing without cultivation within five miles 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 XXVI 1 
 
 of Pine Plains, Dutchess Co., N. Y.;" by Dr. L. H. Hoysradt, 1875. 
 4. “ Plants of Suffolk Co., L. I.;" by E. S. Miller and H. W. Young, 
 1874. Of these, the most suitable for comparison are the last three, 
 as they represent definitely outlined regions ; the Buffalo list and the 
 Suffolk Co. list covering, of course, territorsies having very marked 
 characters. The other catalogues selected are Ward’s “ Flora of 
 Washington and vicinity ,” 1881 ; Robinson’s “ Flora of Essex Co., 
 Mass.," 1880; and the “ Catalogue of Plants growing within thirty 
 miles of Yale College," 1878. In all cases the total numbers given 
 below refer to Phaenogamia only. In comparing our own list with 
 the others mentioned, it may be safely said that the comparison is as 
 fair as such things can be in the present state of our knowledge. The 
 area covered — about sixty-five miles in length by an average of 
 eighteen in breadth — is equal to the average of those in table below. 
 There are no true mountains within the limits of any, although the 
 interesting little Flora of Pine Plains includes some of the spurs of 
 the Taconic range. On the other hand, that Flora has no true sa- 
 line or shore plants such as most of the others possess. It has, how- 
 ever, a curious mixture of the plants of the cold marshes and moun- 
 tain-slopes of the north and those of the Atlantic coast. 
 
 Catalogue. 
 
 Total species and 
 varieties. 
 
 The Cayuga Flora, 
 
 1278 
 
 Plants of Buffalo, etc., (with addend.) 
 
 1277 
 
 Plants of Oneida Co., etc 
 
 1390 
 
 Plants of Dutchess Co 
 
 1067 
 
 Plants of Suffolk Co 
 
 852 
 
 Flora of Washington, etc 
 
 1211 
 
 Flora of Essex Co 
 
 1257 
 
 Flora of Vicinity of Yale College, . . 
 
 1238 
 
 It should be stated in regard to the latter list, that it does not in- 
 clude among its numbers the varieties mentioned in the body of the 
 work. Although a greater or less number of new discoveries have 
 been added to most of the above lists since their publication, no ac- 
 count is taken of such, excepting in the case of Buffalo Catalogue, 
 the facts not being accessible. 
 
 It will also be interesting to compare two of the larger genera, two 
 of the representative Atlantic coast genera and a representative north- 
 ern genus, in respect to the abundance of species in different sections. 
 
 
 I Floras with the number of species and 
 varieties in each. 
 
 Genus. 
 
 Cayuga. 
 
 jd 
 
 d 
 
 Oneida Co. 
 
 Pine Plains. 
 
 Suffolk Co. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Carex, 
 
 112 
 
 80 1 
 
 130 
 
 102 
 
 33 
 
 70 
 
 ; Aster, 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 2 9 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 Eupatorium, 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 Utricularia, 
 
 4 1 
 
 3 
 
 6 ! 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 2. 
 
 Habenaria, 
 
 (incl. Perularia.) 
 
 12 
 
 10 1 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
xxviii THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 The following is a comparison of the larger Orders : 
 
 Order. 
 
 No. Species and Varieties. 
 
 E. U. S. 
 
 Cayuga. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 ed 
 
 3 
 
 "v 
 
 c 
 
 0 
 
 Pine Plains. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Cyperaceae, 
 
 357 
 
 151 
 
 1 15 
 
 187 
 
 138 
 
 79 
 
 108 
 
 Compositae, 
 
 497 
 
 125 
 
 151 
 
 141 
 
 109 
 
 119 
 
 149 
 
 Gramineae, 
 
 297 
 
 107 
 
 95 
 
 no 
 
 92 
 
 
 no 
 
 Rosaceae, 
 
 104 
 
 69 
 
 55 
 
 62 
 
 48 
 
 35 
 
 46 
 
 Leguminosae, .... 
 
 208 
 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 54 
 
 34 
 
 4 i 
 
 57 
 
 Ranunculaceae, .... 
 
 80 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 Orchidaceae, 
 
 7i 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 42 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 Ericaceae, 
 
 89 
 
 35 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 33 
 
 28 
 
 26 
 
 Cruciferae, 
 
 76 
 
 34 
 
 37 
 
 32 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 Labiatae, 
 
 .121 
 
 33 
 
 43 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 3i 
 
 42 
 
 The above estimates for the Eastern United States (E. U. S.) are 
 taken from Ward’s “ Flora of Washington.” 
 
 The woody plants including woody vines, such as Clematis and 
 Menispermum , and excluding, Chimaphila, Gaultiera, etc., are giv- 
 en below. Only so-called species are considered and are compared 
 with the numbers in Sargent’s Forest Trees of North America, Vol. 
 IX, of the Tenth Census. 
 
 
 Cayuga 
 
 Flora. 
 
 TheU. 
 
 States. 
 
 Atlantic 
 
 Region. 
 
 Total No. of species 
 
 206 
 
 
 
 Native species 
 
 175 
 
 
 
 Introduced species 
 
 3i 
 
 
 
 Native, arborescent species . 
 
 80 
 
 412 
 
 292 
 
 Introduced “ “ 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 No attempt is made to compare the number of plants in our region 
 with that of the whole state. Dr. Torrey’s last estimate, — about 1853, — 
 was 1537 species for the state of N. Y. ; but, considering the large 
 number of plants introduced since then, as well as the discoveries 
 of native species, and knowing that we cannot always rely on mere 
 printed reports, we do not think an accurate estimate can be made 
 except by some one who is personally familiar with the different sec- 
 tions of N. Y. 
 
 Explanation of the Plan of the Catalogue. 
 
 1. Localities are given, so far as known, in case of “rare” or 
 “scarce” plants. 
 
 2. Localities are occasionally given for species not rare. Such cases 
 are indicated by adding the words, “ and elsewhere.” 
 
 3. The writer has in all cases endeavored to give proper credit in 
 the catalogue to the discoverer of a new plant or new station of a 
 scarce and rare plant whether the discoverer determined his plant or 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 XXIX 
 
 not. All localities without name of person, are supposed to be from 
 the personal observation of the writer. Wherever an exclamation 
 point follows a name it signifies that the writer has verified the dis- 
 covery, by himself observing the same station. Those plants so com- 
 mon as to need no special mention, are considered the common pro- 
 perty of all observers, and therefore no discoverer’s name is added. 
 
 4. Each species, variety, or especially marked form found with our 
 Cayuga L. basin has its catalogue number, provided the plant is na- 
 tive, or has become established. 
 
 5. Those without numbers and without enclosing brackets are not 
 regarded as yet permanently established within our limits. 
 
 6. Those without numbers but enclosed in brackets are found in 
 the basins of Keuka or Seneca Lakes but not in that of Cayuga. 
 
 7. Species with names in heavy-faced type, are supposed to be indi- 
 genous. 
 
 S. Species with names in small capitals are not regarded as indige- 
 nous. 
 
 9. Whenever a species is not described in Gray’s Manual 5th edi- 
 tion, a description is given in this catalogue if the form is regarded 
 as permanent or important, and all references to Gray’s Manual are 
 to the 5th Edition. 
 
 10. The classification of Orders and Genera adopted, is that of Ben- 
 tham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum\ except that the arrangement 
 in Gray’s Synoptical Flora is preferred wherever that varies from the 
 former. In the present unsettled condition of the Carices it was 
 thought best to adhere to the old established arrangement of species 
 as given by Carey in Gray’s Man. The writer has also been conserva- 
 tive about adopting all the numerous changes made in the nomencla- 
 ture of that genus. 
 
 11. The letters H., C., or H. and C., refer to the work of Dr. H. 
 P. Sartwell, of Penn Yan, on the plants of the valleys of Seneca and 
 Keuka Lakes. He was an accurate observer, an indefatigable worker, 
 and in Senate Doc. No. 51, a report of the Regents of the University 
 of the State of N. Y. for 1844, he published a catalogue of plants found 
 in these two basins, and afterward disposed of his entire collection 
 including specimens of most of those given in his catalogue, to Ham- 
 ilton College. This collection 'is the “ Herb. Sartwell ” or the “ H” 
 of the following pages. 11 Cat. of 1844." or “ C,” refers to the above- 
 named catalogue excluding those plants known to have been found 
 only outside of the two lake basins. This catalogue contained 947 
 species, — not all of them found in the Seneca and Keuka regions — and 
 to this Dr. S. H. Wright has for my convenience added all the recent 
 discoveries known to him, 85 in number. His additions are indicated 
 by the expression “Dr. Wright in C.” Our cordial acknowledge- 
 ments are due Dr. Wright for this and other kind acts. The follow- 
 ing catalogue, therefore, furnishes not only the student of our flora a 
 basis for future work, but the student of the Keuka and Seneca flora 
 with similar, though less complete knowledge. 
 
 12. Tiie (*) frequently used after the numbers indicate that the parti- 
 
 1 A manuscript catalogue of this collection was obtained by the kind 
 aid of Professor A. P. Kelsey, of Ham. Col. 
 
XXX 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 cular species was given in Dr. Alex. Thompson’s “ List of Plants found 
 in vicinity of Aurora” published in the Regents’ Report for 1841. A cer- 
 tain number are rejected from that list as they were known not to 
 have become really established. Another set inadvertently omitted 
 in printing are given below, and should have the star in the text. 
 These are : 
 
 Caltha palustris, 
 
 Rubus strigosus, 
 
 “ occidentalis, 
 
 “ villosus, 
 
 “ Canadensis, 
 
 Pirus Americana (introd.) 
 Anthemis Cotula. 
 Tanacetum vulgare, 
 
 Asclepias tuberosa. 
 Gerardia flava, 
 
 “ quercifolia, 
 Phryma Leptostachya, 
 Solanum Dulcamara, 
 Rumex acetosella, 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 13. In the expressions indicating rarity or abundance of a species, 
 the word “rare” signifies that there are from one to four stations, 
 and the specimens few in each. The other terms are applied with 
 as much care as could be exercised, in the following order referring to 
 their comparative abundance : scarce ; infrequent or uncommon ; not 
 uncommon ; frequent ; abundant ; common. 
 
 14. Certain names of localities will strike many as unfamiliar. Old 
 names have in several instances been revived, as in the case of the 
 traditional Indian name — Neguaena — for that portion of the so-called 
 Inlet above its junction with Six Mile Cr. Eagle Hill was the old 
 name for what is often called “Bald Hill, Ithaca.” But as there is 
 another Bald Hill in Caroline, a revival of the old name seemed de- 
 sirable. Since the opening of the University other names have been 
 invented and adopted to meet the needs of collectors, and these are, 
 of course, retained on the map and elsewhere. 
 
 The Disappearance of Species. 
 
 Certain species once known to exist within our limits have appa- 
 rently disappeared. We do not find Rhexia, Hippuris , Castilleia or 
 Pogonia pendula ; some of them may yet reappear, but probably not 
 in the stations first reported. This catalogue reveals to all botanical 
 students the stations of many rare plants, not before generally known. 
 It is true that no student of our department, after he has come to have 
 a real appreciation of his work, has ever needed the caution, to treat 
 every plant as rare until it is known to be abundant, therefore, even 
 this gentle reminder of a very good rule may not, perhaps, be strictly 
 necessary. It may not, however, be out of place to point out the de- 
 sirability of applying this rule to the plants of Cascadilla Woods, in 
 particular. On account of its convenience to our laboratories, as 
 well as its remarkable variety of forms, it is of almost priceless value, 
 not only for its flowers, but the mosses and fungi it shelters. It is 
 hoped, therefore, that not only will students be reasonably careful ip 
 collecting in it, but that all interested in the future of our campus 
 will use every means to preserve the woods and its many interesting 
 plants from any injury whatever. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
 PH/CNOGAMIA 
 
 RANUNCULACEiE. 
 
 i. Clematis, Linn. 
 
 i. C. verticillaris, DC. PURPLE CLEMATIS. 
 
 (C.) 
 
 Cliffs and ravines; scarce. May 12-25. 
 
 Cascadilla and Fall Creek ravines, a few stations. Buttermilk 
 ravine below “Pulpit-Rock.” McKinney’s Twin-Glens. North of 
 Esty-Glen. Taugliannock, above the Falls. 
 
 2. C. Virginiana, L. WHITE C. VIRGIN’S BOWER. (H. and C.) 
 River-banks, thickets and swamps. July 25- Aug. 
 
 Frequent near Ithaca, along the railroads, and throughout our 
 lake-basin. 
 
 3. A. cylindrica, Gray. 
 
 Roadside, Sherwood to Auburn, N. Y. June, 1880. ( Miss I. 
 
 Howland. See Herb. Cornell Univ.)\ rare. 
 
 (Near outlet of Owasco L. /. H. Hall in addend, of Paine’s Cat. ) 
 
 Wild banks, and lake shore ; common. July. 
 
 5. A. Virginiana, L. var. alba, Wood, in Cascadilla Cr., etc.; frequent. 
 
 6. *A. dichotoma, L. ( A Pennsylvanica L. Gray’s Man., p. 37.) 
 
 Abundant on gravelly shores of Cayuga Lake; also along the 
 creek-beds and R. R. embankments. June-July. 
 
 7. *A. nemorosa, L. Wind-flower. (C. by Dr. S. H. Wright.) 
 
 Copses and woods ; frequent. May 1-20. 
 
 Six Mile Creek, Negundo Woods, McGowan Woods, and else- 
 where. 
 
 8. A. nemorosa, L. var. quinquefolia, Gr. occasional in Six Mile Cr. 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 9. *A. Hepatica, L. Hepatica. {Hepatica triloba , Chaix, Man. 
 
 Dry woods of Pine, Oak, etc. ; common. Mar. 25-May 15. 
 Especially common in the dry woods on E. shore of Cayuga Lake. 
 Specimens from South Hill, with stamens and pistils changed into 
 sepals. 
 
 10. A. acutiloba, Lawson. Hepatica. ( Hepatica acutiloba DC. 
 Man. p. 38.) (H. and C.) 
 
 2. Anemone, Linn. 
 
 4. *A. Virginiana, L. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 P- 38 .) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
2 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Richer soil than the preceding, in ravines and woods. Mar. 
 25-May 15. 
 
 Especially fine in Taughannock ravine, south slope. Woods about 
 Freeville and the Round Marshes. Not accompanying A. Hepatica 
 in the dry woods 011 the east bank of the lake. Forms with five and 
 even seven lobed leaves in rich shaded soil at Big Gully, Taughan- 
 nock and other places. Specimens from Fall Cr. ( F \ L. Kilborne ) 
 have five enlarged divisions to the involucre (one being 3-lobed.) 
 
 3. Anemoneeea, Spach. 
 
 11. *A. thalicitroides, Spach. [Thalictrum anemonoides Mx. Man. 
 p. 38. See Botanical Gaz., XI., p. 39, A. Gray.) Rue-Anemone. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich or alluvial soil especially along ravines. Apr. -July. 
 
 Completely double flowers occasional in Cascadilla woods and 
 elsewhere. Mrs. Brun finds such constant from year to year on 
 plants from the same root. Specimens from six Mile Creek (1875) 
 have all the flowers pale green. In other specimens an involucral 
 leaflet has developed into a pure white sepaloid body. 
 
 4. Thaeictrum, Tourn. 
 
 12. *T. dioicum, L. EARtY Meadow Rue. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky soil ; frequent on the sides of ravines and on the lake 
 
 shore. Apr. 20-May 15. 
 
 13. T. polygamum, Muhl. ( T. Cornuti L. Man. p. 39) Taee Meadow 
 
 Rue. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps and meadows ; frequent, especially around the springs of 
 Mud Creek, Dryden Lake Valley and Michigan-Hollow. July, 
 rarely earlier or later. 
 
 I3 a . T. purpurascens, L. 
 
 Scarce, in Fall Cr. and elsewhere. 
 
 5. Ranuncueus, Linn. 
 
 14. R. aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus, Ch. WHITE WaTER-Crow- 
 
 FOOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 In slow-flowing streams, or in still shallow water in the lakes ; 
 frequent. July. 
 
 Pools and bayous of Fall Creek and the marshes near. In the 
 pockets of Cayuga L. cut off by the Cayuga So. R. R. Cayuga 
 marshes, abundant. Clear pools in Beaver Cr. and upper part of 
 Case. Cr., etc. 
 
 15. R. circinatus, Sibth. ( R . divaricatus Schrank. Manual, p. 40) ; 
 scarce. 
 
 Bayou in Fall Cr. marsh. Below Cayuga Bridge. ‘ ‘ Marl Ponds ’ r 
 of South Cortland, where some of the plants are large and wholly 
 submerged, others emersed, dwarf, 1-4 mm., high, leaves bright 
 green, and flowers often with only four petals* blossoming till Oct. 
 
 16. R. multifidus, Pursh. YEEEOW WaTER-Crowfoot. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ditches and overflowed swamps ; scarce. Latter part of May. 
 
 Lockwood’s Flats, 1827. {Herb. Professor J. J. Thomas.) C. S. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 3 
 
 R. R. ditches, from Glass-Works at Ithaca to the Corner-of-the- 
 Lake. Along Cayuga St. near Corner-of-the-Lake. West Inlet- 
 Marsh. Ringwood Swamp. Summit Marsh. (Penn Yan and 
 Seneca L. Sartzuell.) 
 
 17. R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. Sea-side Crowfoot. 
 
 Brackish marshes ; local. June-Sept. 
 
 Montezuma, frequent E. of Salt Cr. and N. of the main road ; 
 observed in the same locality by Dr. Gray, 1831. 
 
 18. * R. flammula, L. var. reptans, Meyer. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet, sandy shores ; rare. July-Sept, 
 
 Cayuga Bridge, (in Herb. Professor J.J. Thomas). Shore on S.W. 
 part of Myers Point, Cayuga Lake — found, Nov. 1880, (now in 
 Univ. Herb.), but not seen since. Probably destroyed by the ice, 
 which is often pressed up on the points and shores in winter, scor- 
 ing up the loose sand. (Crooked Lake, Sartwell.) 
 
 [R. ambigens, Watson. (R. alismaefolias, Geyer, of Man. p. 41.) 
 
 “ Hammondsport, Crooked L.” Sartwell in Herb. Ham. Coll. 
 Rood Swamp, near Painted Post, Steuben Co., in Herb, from Miss 
 [. S. Arnold , 1884. It ought to be found within our limits.] 
 
 19. R. abortivus, L. Smaee-FEOWERED Crowfoot. (H. and C. 
 
 Fields, meadows and damp woods ; abund. May. 
 
 20. R. sceleratus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ditches and wet places ; not common. May to July. 
 
 Ithaca, abund. along the C. S. R. R. from the car-shops to Case. 
 Cr. ; also beyond the Lehigh Valley depot. Union Springs and 
 Canoga, occasional. Frequent on the Cayuga Marshes. (Seneca L. 
 Sartwell Herb, and Cat. Also at Watkins !) 
 
 21. R. recurvatus, Poir. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and damp woods ; frequent. May-June. 
 
 22. R. Pennsylvanicus, L . (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes, low grounds and wet places along streams ; frequent. 
 
 July-Sept. 
 
 23. R. fascicularis, Muhl. Earey CROFOOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillsides and thinly wooded slopes ; frequent.. Apr.-May. 
 
 Two forms occur here. In both, the earliest radical leaves are 
 chiefly 3-parted, or 3-lobed. In the first (apparently typical) form 
 the later radical leaves are ternate, each division twice pinnate 
 with oblong or linear lobes ; the cauline similar, the uppermost be- 
 coming simple. Roots fleshy and decidedly thickened. In the 
 second form, the later radical leaves are ternate, the divisions 
 coarsely serrate and wedge-shaped ; the lateral divisions nearly 
 sessile, usually lobed, the terminal stalked, broad and usually 
 2-parted ; the cauline leaves 3-parted, 3-lobed, or the uppermost 
 simple. Roots slender. 
 
 24. R. repens, L. ( R . Clintonii , Beck, Bot ., p. 9, and Paine’s Cat. 
 
 p. 55 .) (H. and C.) 
 
 The “low, hairy form,” creeping and rooting at the nodes freely. 
 
4 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 Rare ; at Union Springs in clay soil, near the Stone-Mill, appear- 
 ing there as if introduced. May 20-June 20. 
 
 25. R. septentrionalis, Poir. (See Pursh. Flora Amer. Sept. II, p. 
 394 ; also Dr. Gray’s Revision of N. A. Ranunculi , 1886.) 
 
 Marshy places ; common. May, June. 
 
 This form, referred to R. repens, L. since the publication of 
 Torr. and Gray’s Flora, is a much larger plant than that species, 
 often nearly smooth and grows in wetter soils. The prostrate stems 
 do not root freely, if at all. 
 
 26. R. buebosous, L. Buebous Crowfoot, (C.) 
 
 Near Big Gully, 1827. {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) Aurora, near R. 
 
 R., and from the mouth of Paine’s Creek to the road above the first 
 falls ; apparently wanting in sections of our flora south of the above. 
 (Near Geneva, 1885, Fred V. Coville.) A double-flowered var. oc- 
 casionally escapes near gardens, as at McLean. 
 
 27. * R. acris, L. Buttercup. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; very common. May-Oct. 
 
 6. Cai/tha, Linn. 
 
 28. C. palustris, L. Marsh Marigoed. (H and C.) 
 
 Swamps and open wet meadows. April, May. 
 
 Fall Cr. in Cold-spring Marsh. Case. Cr. below Judd’s Falls. Fre- 
 quent in marshes about Ithaca, ( T. B. Comstock) ! and abundant 
 about Freeville, Round-Marshes, and the swamps of Groton and 
 Danby. 
 
 7. Troeeius, Linn. 
 
 29. T. laxus, Salisb. Geobe-Feower. 
 
 Swamps ; not common. May-June. 
 
 Near Larch-meadow. Swamps near Freeville, Malloryville, Mud 
 Creek, Beaver Creek, W. Dryden, Groton, Danby and Newfield. 
 
 8. CopTis, Salisb. 
 
 30. * C. trifolia, Salisb. Goedthread. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold, mossy woods and marshes ; frequent. May 10-25. 
 
 Woods near Eddy Pond, ( Professor IV. C. Cleveland , 1871) ! Six 
 
 Mile Cr. Abundant on the hummocks, and about the margins of 
 all the sphagnum marshes in the flora, and in the hemlock woods. 
 
 I 
 
 9. AquieEGia, Tourn. 
 
 31. * A. Canadensis, L. CoeumbinE. (H. andC.) 
 
 Rocky banks, and rocks of glens and lake-shore. May, June. 
 Also in cultivated grass-field, top of Bald Hill, Caroline. 
 
 32. A. vuegaris, L. Garden Coeumbine. 
 
 Established in woods beyond Larch Meadow. June. 
 
 Also by road on Dryden-Lansing town line ; Newfield in woods 
 W. of R. R. sta., {C- Humphrey in herb. 1879) I by roa d north of 
 Cayuta Lake ; Saxon Hill, near Taber’s. 
 
 Deephinium, Tourn. 
 
 D. consoeida, L. Larkspur. (C.) 
 
 Six Mile Cr. 1875 (not established.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 5 
 
 io. Hydrastis, Linn. 
 
 33. H. Canadensis, L. Goeden Seat. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and banks of ravines ; rare. May. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., near Sulphur Spr. 1872. (in flower May 24.) Swampy 
 woods head of Salmon Cr., N. E. of Merrifield’s Sta. 1880. Big Gully 
 ravine (in Herb. Mrs. Prof. Brim.). Ledyard, (Herb.J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 11. Actaea, Linn. 
 
 34. A. spicata, L., var. rubra, Michx. Red Cohosh. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and wooded ravines ; frequent. Apr. 25-May 25. 
 
 Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr. and lake-shore ravines ; also wood in Dan- 
 by, and Bald Hill, Caroline. McGow r an Woods. Dryden-Lansing 
 Sw., etc. 
 
 35. A. alba, Bigelow. White Cohosh or Baneberry. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 W oods ; less frequent than above. May. 
 
 Cascadilla ravine. Fall Cr. Six Mile Cr. Freeville woods. 
 Bald Hill woods, etc. 
 
 12. Cimicifuga, Linn. 
 
 36. * C. racemosa, Ell. Beack Snake root. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wild grassy banks ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Ithaca, West Hill in Cliff-Park ravine. Lansing by road E. of 
 Taughannock Sta. E. side of Cayuta Lake. (E. side valley at 
 Watkins. Seneca L. Seneca, Sartwell in Herb, and Cat. Hector, 
 Herb.J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 [HEEEEBORUS viridis, L. is reported from Penn Yan by Dr. S. H. 
 Wright] 
 
 MAGNOLIACE/E. 
 
 13. Magnoeia, Linn. 
 
 37. *M. acuminata, L. Cucumber Tree. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along ravines or in old woods ; not common. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Case. Cr. above Judd’s Falls. I11 McGowan Woods. Dart Woods 
 and Ringwood. Six Mile Cr. , a large tree opposite the Sulphur 
 Spring. Along the valley to Brookton. Danby, in Durfee 
 Hill Woods abund. ; also near Danby vill. and W. Danby. In En- 
 field and high hills of Newfield, frequent. Rare on W. Hill, Ithaca, 
 and in the low grounds about Freeville, McLean, etc., and only 
 occasional in the damp woods from Forest-Home north through 
 Groton, Genoa, to Sherwood and Big Gully Brook, and on the west 
 side of Cayuga L. 
 
 14. Liriodendron, Linn. 
 
 38. *L. tulipifera, L. White-Wood. Tueip-TrEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 With the preceding and somewhat more abundant. June 1-20. 
 
 Case. Woods back of Armory and on banks of ravine. P'all Cr. 
 
 W. of Sibley Coll. Agrees with the preceding in scarcity or abund- 
 ance in certain districts. A tract of fine trees existed in 1882 mile 
 south of Big Gully. 
 
6 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 MENISPERMACE JE. 
 
 15. Menispermum, Einn. 
 
 39. M. Canadense, E. Moon-SEED vine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich, rocky or alluvial soil. June 20-30. 
 
 Case, ravine. Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr. and other ravines. Negundo 
 Woods, and thickets near Fall Cr. on the marsh. Freeville and 
 McEean. 
 
 BERBERIDACEiE. 
 
 16. Berberis, Einn. 
 
 40. *B. vuegaris, E. Barberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pastures and fences ; local and scarce. May 25-June 15. 
 
 South Hill {Dr. Jordan), nearthe “Inclined Plane” of old R.R. ! 
 
 By road to Buttermilk Falls. Eane W. of Negundo Woods {F. B. 
 Mine) \ Valley near “Rosedale.” Danby, on Michigan Hill. By 
 road N. of Forest-Home. Eudlowville near Hedden and Townley 
 Creeks. 
 
 17. Caueophyeeum, Michx. 
 
 41. C. thalittroides, Michx. Beue-Cohosh. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil, ravines and woods; frequent. Apr., May. 
 
 Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr., etc. Freeville, McEean and Danby Woods. 
 
 18. Jeffersonia, Barton. 
 
 42. *J. diphylla, Pers. Twin-EEAF. 
 
 Rich soil, along shaded brooks ; rare. May 10-15. 
 
 Near Eevanna. {J. J. Thomas in Herb, at Union Springs ), coll, 
 in 1827 in woods near Barber’s Brook and about a mile from the 
 lake, apparently. 
 
 About two miles south-east of Eevanna, near the east branch of 
 Barber’s Brook, in rich woods just west of the V. C. Deshong place; 
 in flower May 14, 1882. 
 
 Near Aurora. {Dr. Alex. Thompson; See Report of the Regents 
 of N. V, 1841, p. 225.) 
 
 In Paine’s Creek ravine, near Aurora ; fine plants. {Prof. French 
 of Wells Coll., 1883). 
 
 Near Wood’s Station, I. A. and W. R. R., towards head of Sal- 
 mon Cr. ; discovered by Dr. Charles Atwood , Moravia , 1881. 
 Visited June 24, 1885, when the plants were found growing on a 
 low, sandy, wooded bank north-east side of the pond east of the 
 R. R. They were luxuriant, covering eight or ten square feet, in 
 fine fruit, and accompanied by the rare Carex Carey an a, and by C. 
 tetanica. 
 
 (Near Geneva. Sartwell , Herb, and Cat.) 
 
 19. Podophyeeum, Einn. 
 
 43. * P. peltatum, E. May-AppeE. Mandrake. (H and C.) 
 
 Rich soil ; common. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Specimens from Six Mile Cr., {F. L. Kilborne ), 1883, show two 
 distinct pistils, and many 3-lobed stamens. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 7 
 
 NYMPHEACE^E. 
 
 20. Brasenia, Schreb. 
 
 44. *B. peltata, Pursh. WaTER-SHIEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ponds and ditches ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Ithaca, ditch at corner of Fair Grounds, (C. H. Wilmarth , 1876); 
 also 1880! Locke Pond. Cayuta Lake, frequent. (Crooked L., 
 Sartwell , Herb, and Cat.) 
 
 21. Nympho a, Tourn. 
 
 45. *N. odorata, Ait. White Pond-Liey. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shallow still water ; not common. July-Aug. 
 
 Canoga marshes opposite Union Springs. Near Cayuga Bridge, 
 a few. Locke Pond. Cayuta Lake. (Penn Yan, Sartwell , Herb, 
 and Cat.) 
 
 46. N. odorata, Ait. var. minor, Sims. 
 
 Summit Marsh. Cayuta Lake. 
 
 47. N. tuberosa, Paine. 
 
 In the larger marshes. July, Aug. 
 
 From Cajmga Bridge, north ; abund. near Black Lake. 
 
 22. Nuphar, Smith. 
 
 48. N. advena, Ait. Yeeeow Pond-eiey. (H. andC.) 
 
 Shallow water ; common. June, Aug. 
 
 Marshes about Ithaca, Cayuga Marshes, Locke Pond, Freeville, etc. 
 
 49. * N. pumilum, Smith, {N. luteum, Sm. var.pumilum, Man. p. 57.) 
 
 Bayou near mouth of Fall Cr., 1876. Ditches near Ithaca Fair- 
 
 Grounds. Groton Mill Pond, {Prof. S. G. Williams , 1877) ; same 
 station 1881 ! (North Spencer Pond, 1880. Flint Cr., Gorham, 
 Sartwell , Herb, and Cat.) Flowers have never been found in this 
 region. 
 
 SARRACENIACE.7E. 
 
 23. Sarracenia, Tourn. 
 
 50. * S. purpurea, L. Pitcher-peant. (H. and C.) 
 
 Peat-bogs. June 10-20. 
 
 Larch-meadow, Ithaca, 1873, {Dr. J. Branner ,) now nearly ex- 
 
 tinct. Freeville bog, 1872, {Dr. Jordan.) Frequent in this bog, at 
 Malloryville, Woodwardia Sw., and the Round-Marshes. 
 
 The ►S', heterophylla form at “ W. Junius.” {Sartwell, Herb.a 7 id 
 Cat.) W. Junius, near Lowery’s Ponds and north of Pout Ponds ! 
 
 PAPA VER ACE AE. 
 
 Papaver, Linn. 
 
 P. somniferum, L. (Common Poppy.) By road S. E. of Edgewood, 
 1875 and 1881. 
 
 P. Rhceas, L. (Fieed Poppy.) Campus near McGraw Building, 
 1875 and 1883. Fiske-McGraw grounds, 1883. 
 
 24. Cheeidonium, Linn. 
 
 51. C. majus, L. Ceeandine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded turfless places ; frequent. June. 
 
8 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Roadsides near dwellings. Also in woods beyond Buttermilk 
 Falls bridge, abund., and in the amphitheatre of Six Mile Cr. Near 
 Saxon Hill, etc. 
 
 25. Sanguinaria, Dill. 
 
 52. *S. Canadensis, U. Beood-RooT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Frequent in Fall Cr. and other ravines, and in thickets. April 
 
 15 - 30 - 
 
 FUMARIACE/E. 
 
 26. Adiajmia, Raf. 
 
 53. A. cirrhosa, Raf. AeeEGhany-Vine. 
 
 Ithaca, foot of Cascadilla ravine, 1873; not permanent. 
 
 “Junius.” ( Sartwell , Herb.) (In a rocky thicket, road between 
 Watkins and Havana, N. Y., June, 1884 ; apparently indigenous.) 
 
 27. Dicentra, Bork. 
 
 54. *D. Cucullaria, DC. Dutchman’s Breeches. (H. and C.) 
 Common in Fall Cr. and the other ravines ; also in rich woods 
 
 near Aurora, Union Springs, Freeville and in Negundo Woods, 
 April 15-30. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 55. D. Canadensis, DC. SquirrEE Corn. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich alluvial soil. Woods and ravines ; frequent. Apr. 20-30. 
 Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr., Negundo Woods, especially luxuriant. 
 
 Freeville. Danby. Paine’s Cr. 
 
 56. D. eximia, DC. 
 
 Junius , Seneca Co., in Sartwell' s Herb . (Probably only one sta- 
 tion ; either Junius or in Wayne Co.) 
 
 “ Dr. Sartwell is the only botanist who has found it in the limits 
 of N. Y.” (See Torrey, in Flora of N. Y., I, p. 47, 1843.) 
 
 In the 19th Report of the Regents, on the N. Y. State Cab. of 
 Nat. Hist., p. 77, (1865), Judge Clinton says, under Dicentra eximia , 
 DC. : “ On recurring to my correspondence with David Thomas, in 
 
 1829, I find that he had not then found this plant native in Cayuga 
 Co. Prof. Pickett kindly communicated to me a letter of my dear 
 friend, Dr. Sartwell, dated June 23, 1865, in which he writes: ‘As 
 
 to Dicentra eximia , I know not where it can be found. About 
 twenty years ago I found it in Wayne Co., not far from Uyons ; and 
 David Thomas found it in Scipio, Cayuga Co., about the same time 
 or before. * * I have no duplicate specimen.’ ” Gray, in Manual, 
 (1865), p. 61, gives ‘Rocks West. N.Y.’ ( Thomas , Sartwell.) Paine’s 
 statement (Cat., p. 59), that Sartwell found it near Sodus Bay, is 
 probably an error. But it is still uncertain whether it was originally 
 found in Seneca or Wayne Co. 
 
 28. Corydaus, Vent. 
 
 57. C. glauca, Pursh. 
 
 Cliffs, Fall Cr., north side below Forest-Home ; rare. May 15-30. 
 (. Discovered by C. O. Upton , May 14, 1878. ) ! 
 
 “Junius,” (, Sartwell , Herb, and Cat.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 9 
 
 58. C. aurea, Wild. Golden Corydalis. 
 
 Rocks below Lucifer Falls. June 1-10. 
 
 (. Discovered by Prof. A. N. Prentiss , June , 1871.) Several times 
 it has seemed to have become extinct, but it reappears, and flowers 
 have been collected, 1875, 1882, 1884, 1885. 
 
 29. Fumaria, Linn. 
 
 59. F. officinalis, L. Fumitory. 
 
 McKinneys, by the C. S. R. R., a few rods south of the station. 
 June 3, 18S2, in flower; also June 16, 1885; plants spreading. 
 
 CRUCIFERS. 
 
 30. Lunaria, Linn. 
 
 60. L. biennis, L. Common Honesty. 
 
 Escaped ; Dry den Road, by hedge south side of Giles Place, 
 May 20-30. 
 
 Fall Cr., near sand-bank above Forest-Home. ( E . H. Preswick .) 
 
 31. Alyssum, Tourn. 
 
 61. A. calycinum, L. 
 
 Introduced : at the Pres. White place, Univ. Campus, May 20, 
 
 1878, {Professor Prentiss)\ Along the road near the Jayne Place, 
 
 1879, {Frank H. Severance )! Fiske-McGraw grounds, 1881, {F. L. 
 Kilborne. ) l 
 
 32. Draba, Linn. 
 
 62. D. arabisans, Michx. 
 
 Margins of cliffs ; rare — a northern species. May 20-June 10. 
 Burdick’s Glen, along the brook just above the falls, 1871. First 
 small ravine below McKinney’s Glens, Nov., 1881. 
 
 63. D. verna, L. Whitlow-grass. 
 
 Shaded clayey soil ; scarce. Apr. -May 15. 
 
 Introduced in Cemetery, Ithaca, {1878, Prof. Prentiss ) ! Wild, 
 south bank of Big Gully, 1882. 
 
 33. Dentaria, Linn. 
 
 64. *D. diphylla, L. PEPPER-ROOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods ; frequent. Apr. 20-May 20. 
 
 Case. Cr. and all ravines, often in springy soil. Negundo, Free- 
 ville and Round Marsh Woods. 
 
 65. D. maxima, Nutt. 
 
 Bottoms of ravines ; scarce. Apr. 20-May 20. 
 
 Six Mile Creek, Beechwoods, where specimens have been obtained 
 like those mentioned in Paine’s Cat., viz.: with a secondary branch 
 arising from the axil of the third and upper leaf. Ravine on the 
 Ren wick farm slope, and doubtful forms from Taughannock below 
 the falls. 
 
 66. D. laciniata, Muhlenberg. (H. and C. 
 
 Ravines, rich woods ; common and variable. Apr. 20-May 20. 
 The typical form, with leaves whorled and leaflets freely and 
 
 sharply toothed, occurs in Negundo Woods, Six Mile Cr., Fall Cr., 
 
IO 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 Franklin’s Ravine,. Taughannock, etc. The form with alternate 
 more or less long petioled leaves is with the other, and especially 
 abundant at Negundo Woods. A form, tall — 25-35 cm. > with 2 leaves, 
 each with 3 broad rather simple leaflets, and purplish flowers, but 
 usually with the rootstocks of D. laciniata , is placed here by Dr. 
 Gray. This is the best disposition to be made of the numerous 
 forms of this abundant species, so far as its local specimens are 
 concerned. 
 
 34. Cardamine, Linn. 
 
 67. C. rhomboidea, DC. Wh. Spring-CRESS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods or sometimes wet places. May 10-30. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Near Freeville and McLean ; less common 
 than the var. purpurea. 
 
 68. *C. rhomboidea, var. purpurea, Torr. PurpeE Spring-CRESS. 
 
 In wet and springy places ; common. April 20-May 15. 
 
 It blooms earlier, the aspect is different and like a distinct species. 
 
 69. C. pratensis, L. CuCKOO-FEOWER. (H. and C. 
 
 Wet marshes and meadows ; scarce. May. 
 
 Marshes, head of Lake, and Dryden-Lansing Sw. [Jordan ) ! Larch 
 Meadow. Fleming Meadow. Near Freeville. Round Marsh. Locke 
 Pond. 
 
 70. C. hirsuta, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, ravines and brooksides ; common. May-July. 
 
 71. C. hirsuta, L., var. sylvatica, Gr. 
 
 Drier places ; rare. June. 
 
 High rocks and shales, Burdick’s Glen and vicinity. (F. L. 
 Kilborne , 1882) ! 
 
 35. Arabis, Linn. 
 
 72. A. lyrata, L. 
 
 Rocks and shale, ravines and cliffs ; scarce. June, July. 
 
 Rare in Fall Cr. and Enfield ravines. Caroline, somewhat abund- 
 ant on the North Pinnacle ; almost wholly wanting on the lake- 
 shore cliffs. Cliffs S. E. corner of Seneca L. 
 
 73. A. hirsuta, Scop. (C.) 
 
 Cliffs and rocks ; frequent. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Fall Cr. Enfield ravine. Six Mile Cr., “ Narrows.” Lake shore 
 ravines. In shaded places it produces small thin-leaved specimens, 
 resembling Sisymbrium Thalia?ia. 
 
 74. A. laevigata, DC. Rock CrESS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky places ; frequent. May 20-June. 
 
 Cascadilla, and other ravines. 
 
 75. A. Canadensis, L. SickeE-pod. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and hill slopes, in thickets widely distributed, but grow- 
 ing singly. June- Aug. 
 
 Fall Cr. Six Mile Cr. Enfield ravine. South Hill and lake- 
 shore ravines. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 ii 
 
 76. A. perfoliata, Lam. 
 
 Fields, appearing as if introduced ; scarce. June- Aug. 
 
 South Hill, above the Quarry. Ulysses near Perry. Near Sum- 
 mit Marsh. 
 
 77. A. Drummondii, Gray. 
 
 Rocks and shale cliffs ; frequent. June. 
 
 Fall Cr. and all the raviues, especially abundant 011 the High 
 Cliffs north of King’s Ferry- 
 
 36. Erysimum, Linn. 
 
 78. E. cheiranthoides, L- (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry soil and thickets ; not common. Jun e-Sept. 
 
 Near the Armory. Near the “ Nook.” East and west shores of the 
 Lake. 
 
 37. Barbarea, R. Br. 
 
 79. B. vulgaris, R. Br. WINTER CRESS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cult, soil ; everywhere. May, June. 
 
 38. Sisymbrium, Linn. 
 
 80. S. officinaee, Scop. Hedge Mustard. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places ; abundant. June-Sept. 
 
 Si. S. canescens, Nutt. Tansy Mustard. 
 
 Cliffs ; very rare ; June. 
 
 “ Lucifer Falls, Tompkins Co. J. W. Chickering,” ( Gray's Man.) 
 I have not been able to find it there, but it grows above the foot- 
 path at the entrance of Watkins Glen, {Dr. Jordan discoverer.) ! 
 Hesperis, Linn. 
 
 H. matronaus, L- Scarce, probably not established. July. 
 
 Road toward Buttermilk Falls, coll, in 1875 and 1882. Near Giles 
 Place. 
 
 39. Brassica, Tourn. 
 
 82. B. Sinapistrum, Boissier. Yeeeow Mustard. (H. and C.) 
 Cult. -fields, etc. June-Sept. 
 
 83. * B. nigra, Gray. Beack Mustard. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places and along streams and lake shores. June-Oct. 
 
 84. B. aeba, Gray. 
 
 Fields ; rare. July, Aug. 
 
 In Ithaca on Seneca St. Field E. of Freeville. 
 
 B. oeeracea. (Cabbage.) Springs up in many places; abundant in 
 1884. 
 
 40. Nasturtium, R. Br. 
 
 85. N. officinaee, R. Br. Water-cress. 
 
 Spring-brooks, etc. July-Aug. 
 
 Abund. in the ditches from the springs in Ithaca village. Indian 
 Spring, etc. 
 
 86. N. palustre, DC. Marsh-Cress. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, borders of pools, etc. June-Sept. 
 
 The typical form, nearly smooth and with oblong pods, is found 
 in Cascadilla ravine, a few; and at the Marl Ponds of Cortland. 
 
12 
 
 THE CA YUGA FL ORA. 
 
 87. N. palustre, DC. var. hispidum, Gr. (H. and C.) 
 
 Common on marshes about Ithaca, Cayuga Marshes, Summit 
 
 Marsh and about streams and pools elsewhere. 
 
 88. *N. Armoracia, Fries. Horse-radish. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places and roadside ditches. May, June. 
 
 Thoroughly at home in the wet marshes at the Corner-of-the-Fake, 
 where it blooms freely. Also along the ditches south of town, and 
 the village streets. 
 
 41. Cameeina, Crantz. 
 
 89. C. sativa, Crantz. Faese-Feax. (H. and C.) 
 
 The University Campus, 1875, and 1882. June. 
 
 Also near Aurora by the R. R. (Watkins, E. side of valley. 
 
 “ Penn Van, frequent.” Sartw., in Herb.) 
 
 42. Capseeea, Vent. 
 
 90. *C. Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Shepherd’s Purse. (H.andC.) 
 Everywhere. Mar-Dec. 
 
 43. EEpidium, Finn. 
 
 91. F. Virginicum, F. Pepper-grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry waste grounds and roadsides ; common. June-Oct. 
 
 92. L. ruderaee, F. Pepper-grass. 
 
 With the preceding and equally common ; distinguished from it 
 by its somewhat smaller pods, and darker green color. Occasionally 
 it has fasciated recemes. 
 
 93. Iy. CAMPESTRE, Iy. 
 
 Fields and yards. June, July. 
 
 First noticed in Ithaca, 1873. Near the “Nook.” South Hill. 
 Much more abundant near Union Springs and Aurora. 
 
 raphanus, Finn. 
 
 R. sativus, F. Radish. 
 
 Occasional scape ; not uncommon on the lake shore. 
 
 CAPPARIDACEyE. 
 
 44. Poeanisia, Raf. 
 
 94. *P. graveoleus, Raf. (H. and C.) 
 
 Gravelly banks ; near the ravines, and on the lake shore; fre- 
 quent. July. 
 
 CISTACE/E. 
 
 45. Heeianthemum. Tourn. 
 
 95. H. Canadense, Michx. FrosT-wEED. 
 
 Dry banks of ravines ; scarce. June 20-July. 
 
 Near mouth of Buttermilk Glen. Coy Glen. Salmon Cr. ravine. 
 Valley Cemetery south of Ithaca. -‘Junius,” {Sartw ell, H. and 
 C.); about Newton’s ponds ! 
 
 46. FECHEA, Finn. 
 
 96. F. thymifolia, Pursli. PinwEED. 
 
 Dry soil ; rare. Summer. North side Salmon Cr. ravine. 
 
 (F. Majoi, Michx. Avon and F. minor, Fam. P. Van, “in 
 cemeteries,” Sartw ell, Herb, and C.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 13 
 
 VIOLACEiE. 
 
 47. Ionidium, Vent. (Solea, Ging. of Gray’s Man.) 
 
 97. I. concolor, Benth and Hook. {S. concolor of Mail., p. 77.) Green 
 
 Violet. (H. and C.) 
 
 Slopes of ravines ; rare. May 25-June 10. 
 
 “Woods, Ledvard,” 1827, (in Herb. J. J. Thomas.) Salmon 
 Creek ravine north side. Six Mile Creek, east of Sulphur Spring, 
 in 1874 and 1876. 
 
 48. Viola, Linn. 
 
 98. V. rotundifolia, Michx. SWEET YELLOW VIOLET. 
 
 Rich cold woods, where it is frequent. Apr. 15-May 10. 
 
 Near Brookton {Dr. Jordan, 1871)! Six Mile Cr. south of Nar- 
 rows, (Branner, 1873) ! Near Buttermilk ravine. Enfield ravine. 
 Lick Brook, Dart Woods, Caroline Hills, Swamps of Dryden and 
 Danby, 
 
 99. V. blanda, L. WHITE VIOLET. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines, wet woods and swamps ; common. May. 
 
 100. V. renifolia, Gray, {Proc. of Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sci., VIII., 
 p. 288.) 
 
 “Rhizome and flowers like V. blanda L. or the flowers a little 
 larger. Leaves reniforin usually 5 cm. broad, both sides and the 
 petioles villous-pubescent, .scape pubescent.” Growing w r ith V. 
 blanda and like it except its “reniform leaves are conspicuously 
 beset with pale, soft and tender, lax. hairs.” Deep mossy swamps, 
 like the Round-Marshes and Mich. Hollow Sw.; not uncommon. 
 The hairs are not as conspicuous, in our specimens, nor the scapes 
 or petioles as stout, as in northern specimens. We are probably 
 near the southern limit of the species. 
 
 101. *V. odorata, L. “English Violet.” Sometimes spreads 
 beyonds the gardens, as in Ithaca, on Seneca St. near Spring St. 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 102. V. Selkirkii, Pursh. (Goldie.) Great-spurred Violet. 
 
 Shaded ravines or by rivulets ; rare. 
 
 “In Enfield near Lucifer Fall,” ( W. J. Freeman, May 15, 1880), 
 in Herb, of C. U. 
 
 103. * V. cucullata, Ait. Common Blue Violet. (H. and C.) 
 Open thickets, meadows and swamps ; common. May-June. 
 
 104. V. cucullata, Ait., var. palmata, Gray. Hand-leaved V. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 In drier situations, grassy slopes ; frequent. 
 
 University grove. North side of Fall Cr. Renwick farm slope. 
 Woods and glens on both shores of Cayuga Lake. Specimens from 
 the University grove, {F. L. K., May , 1878), show entirely regular, 
 spurless and beardless flowers. 
 
 105. V. sagittata, Ait. 
 
 Dry hillsides ; not common. May. 
 
 Abundant on South Hill near N. Y. S. S. 420, and south, (1871). 
 Near Buttermilk ravine. West Hill, near Cayuga Lake, ( Trelease r ) t 
 
14 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1879. Near White Church. Danby, S. E. of village ; Thacher’s 
 Pinnacle and south. Hill north of Signer’s Woods. Renwick. 
 
 106. V. canina, L. var. sylvestris, Regel. DogVioeET. (H. andC.) 
 Rich, damp woods and borders of marshes ; abund. May-June. 
 Fall Cr. and Six Mile Cr. Negundo Woods ; and especially 
 
 abundant near Beaver Cr., and the Pond Meadow near. 
 
 107. V. rostrata, Pursh. Long-spurred ViOEET. (H. and C.) 
 Ravines and rich woods ; common. May, June. 
 
 Case. Cr., and all ravines. McGowan Woods. Woods of Dry den, 
 Danby, Lansing and north. Specimens coll. May, 1882, show 
 double flowers, the sepels, petals and stamens being 6-9 each, the 
 number of spurred petals 2-4 in each flower, and the placenta 3 or 
 rarely 4. 
 
 108. V. striata, Ait. PaeE VlOEET. 
 
 Rich woods ; not common. May 15-June 15. 
 
 Fall Cr. near Cold Spring. Six Mile Cr. Negundo Woods. 
 McGowan Woods. Taughannock ravine. Woods of Freeville and 
 Round Marsh. 
 
 109. V. Canadensis, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich swampy woods. May-July. 
 
 no. *V. pubescens, Ait. Downy Yeeeow ViOEET. (H. and C. 
 
 Ravines and rich woods. May-Juaie. 
 in. V. pubescens, Ait., var. eriocarpa, Nutt. 
 
 Mead Woods. McGowan Woods. Six Mile Cr. Renwick Farm. 
 Freeville, abund. 
 
 POLYGALACEAE. 
 
 49. Poeygaea, Tourn. 
 
 1 12. P. verticillata, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry soil, on banks of the ravines and Cayuga L. shore. July-Sept. 
 
 1 13. P. ambigua, Nutt. (C.) 
 
 Similar situations ; scarce. 
 
 Big Gully, 1827, (in Herb. J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 [P. sanguinea, L-, in Sartwell’s Cat.] 
 
 1 14. *P. Senega, L. SENECA SnakE-ROOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Slopes of ravines ; frequent. May 15-June 15. 
 
 Case. Woods. Six Mile Cr. Fall Cr. Ravines of Cayuga Lake. 
 Bald Hill and the Pinnacles near White Church. 
 
 1 15. *P. paucifolia, Willd. Fringed Poeygaea. Indian Pink. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Thickets and along ravines ; widely distributed. May. 
 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 50. Dianthus, Linn. 
 
 1 16. D. Armeria, L. 
 
 Fields; scarce. Deptford-pink. July-Aug. 
 
 Near the road south of Burdick’s Glen. In Cascadilla Valley 
 near Turkey Hill. Meadow S. W. of Freeville. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 i5 
 
 1 1 7. D. BARBATUS, L. SWEET WILLIAM. 
 
 Established in woods by Rumsey’s Brook, eastern base of Saxon 
 Hill. In Case. Woods, June, July, 1884 and 1885, ( Miss Hale.) 
 Lot south of the cemetery, (F. T. Wilson.) 
 
 51. Saponaria, Linn. 
 
 1 18. *S. officinalis, L. Bouncing Bet. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides, and near brooks. July-Sept. 
 
 52. SlLENE, Linn. 
 
 119. S. stellata, Ait. Starry Campion. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of ravines ; scarce. July-Aug. 
 
 Beyond the “Nook.” Renwick Farm slope. Salmon Cr. ravine. 
 S. Armeria, L. 
 
 Ithaca, by road south-east of steamboat landing, July, 1885. Near 
 Six Mile Cr. by Cayuga St. 
 
 120. S. antirrhina, L. SLEEPY CaTCHFLY. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields or dry banks ; not common. May-June. 
 
 Cascadilla Woods, abund. in 1885. By R. R. south of Ithaca. 
 The cedar knoll near High Cliffs of Cayuga L. Near McKinney’s. 
 ^S. Pennsylvanica, Michx. (C.) 
 
 “In vicinity of Aurora,” 1840, in catalogue of Dr. Alex. Thomp- 
 son, as native, but probably a garden-scape. 
 
 [S. Virginica, L. Sartwell , in H. and C. Penn Yan. Probably 
 not established.] 
 
 [S. nocuturna, L. Sartwell, in C. Probably not established.] 
 
 121. S. noctiflora, L. Night-flowering Catchfly. (H.andC.) 
 Waste places ; frequent. June-Oct. 
 
 53. Lychnis, Tourn. 
 
 L. vespertina, Sibth. 
 
 Fiske-McGraw grounds, west of the spring, 1884 and 1885. 
 
 122. *L. Githago, Lam. Corn Cockle. (H. and C.) 
 
 Grain-fields ; frequent. June. 
 
 54. Cerastium, Linn. 
 
 123. C. viscosum, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 Fields ; common. Mar.-Dec. 
 
 *C. vulgatum, L. {in Sartwell' s Catalogue.) 
 
 124. C. nutans, Raf. 
 
 Moist places, in ravines or woods. May-June. 
 
 Fall Cr. near mill-pond. Coy Glen. Renwick Farm. South 
 Hill. Lake-shore ravines. Swampy woods north of Freeville. 
 (Watkins, E. side of valley) ! 
 
 125. C. arvense, L. (C.) 
 
 Rocky places ; scarce. 
 
 Ithaca cemetery, probably introduced ; also Fiske-McGraw 
 grounds. (Watkins, E. side of valley on rocks; native.) 
 
i6 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 55. Steeearia, Linn. 
 
 126. *S. MEDIA, Smith. Chickweed. (H. and C.; 
 
 Fields, etc. Mar.-Dec. 
 
 127. S. longifolia, Muhl. StiTchworT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places and swamps. May 15-July. 
 
 Indian Spr. Marsh. Formerly on Univ. Campus N. W. of the 
 Pres. White place, {F. C. Curtice, )\ Freeville. Beaver Creek Swamp. 
 Brookton Spr. 
 
 128. S. borealis, Bigelow. NorTHERN-STITChworT. (H. and C.) 
 Moist soil ; scarce ; June. 
 
 South Hill. Swamps of W. Dryden, Freeville and Beaver Cr. 
 
 S. GRAMINEA. L. 
 
 Introduced in several places on the Fiske-McGraw grounds, 1885 ! 
 
 56. Arenaria, Linn. 
 
 129. A. serpyeeifoeia, L. Sandwort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields, gardens, etc. May-Dec. 
 
 130. A. lateriflora, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and Sphagnum Swamps ; scarce. May 20-June. 
 
 Indian Spr. Marsh. Larch Meadow. Fleming Meadow. Across 
 
 the road from the Valley Cemetery. Freeville, in Mud Cr. Sw. 
 Mallory ville Marsh. South Hill, Ithaca, near the quarry, (F. C. C.) 
 Lockwood’s Flats, {Herb. J . J. Thomas.) 
 
 57. Sperguea, Linn. 
 
 131. S. ARVENSIS, L. CORN-SPURRY. (C.) 
 
 Cult, fields ; at present onty on the higher hills ; not common. 
 
 July- Aug. 
 
 Snyder Hill. Turkey Hill. Top of Taft Hill, Caroline. Top of 
 Saxon Hill, Newfield. High hills south of Danby. 
 
 PORTULACACE^. 
 
 58. Portueaca, Tourn. 
 
 132. P. OEERACEA, L. Purseane. (H. and C.) 
 
 Gardens and roadsides. July-Sept. 
 
 59. CeayTonia, Linn. 
 
 133. *C. Virginica, L. Spring Beauty. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods ; abundant Apr. 15-May 15. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. Mead Woods. Negundo Woods. Freeville, McLean, 
 and especially abundant in pastures E. of Levanna and Union Springs. 
 
 134. C. Caroliniana, Michx. Spring Beauty. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods, often in shaded swamps, in moss ; rather less com- 
 mon than the preceding. Apr. 15-May 15. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. Negundo Woods, and about the same range as the 
 preceding. It mostly replaces it on the higher ground farther from 
 the lake, E. of Levanna and Union Springs. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 i7 
 
 HYPERICACEiE. 
 
 60. Hypericum, Linn. 
 
 135. H. Ascyron, L. [H. pyramidatum , Ait., Man., p. 84.) Tale 
 
 St. Johnswort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of streams, in rich soil ; scarce. July 15-30. 
 
 Fall Cr. near Varna; {Dr. Jordan, 1871); Beebe Pond; near Cayuga 
 St. bridge. Case. Cr.; below Genung’s Mill; above Judds Falls; 
 head of Eddy Pond ; in the ravine opposite Cascadilla Place. 
 
 136. H. perforatum, L. Common St. Johnswort. (H. and C.) 
 Fields ; very abundant. July-Aug. 
 
 137. H. maculatum, Walter. (H. corymbosum , Muhl., Man., p. 85.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks and shaded places ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 Near Willow Pond race. Fall Cr. Pastures and woods near 
 Freeville, McLean, and elsewhere. 
 
 138. H. mutilum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places; common, July-Sept. 
 
 An erect form on Goodwin’s Point, Cayuga L. 
 
 139. H. Canadense, L. 
 
 Marshes ; rare, in Summit Marsh. Aug. 
 
 140. H. Canadense, L., var. major, Gray. 
 
 Wet places, and marshes ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Goodwin’s Point, where the leaves are sometimes 1-1 cm. 
 broad. Summit Marsh, in the water, when the leaves are narrow 
 and red. Rarely on the Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 61. Eeodea, Juss. Marsh St. Johnswort. 
 
 141. E. campanulata, Pursh. (E lodes Virginica , Nutt., Man., p. 86.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 In sphagnum and other marshes ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 MALVACEAE. 
 
 62. Maeva, Linn. 
 
 142. *M. rotundifoeia, L. Maeeow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places and roadsides. June-Oct. 
 
 143. M. SYEVESTRIS, L. 
 
 An occasional wayside scape. 
 
 Near Ithaca, {Herb, of C. Humphrey.) Near White Church. E. 
 of Locke Pond. 
 
 144. M. MOSCHATA, L. MUSK-MAEEOW. 
 
 Roadsides and fields; becoming frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 Cascadilla Cr. near Cascade Pond. Frequently met with in En- 
 field and Newfield. Dryden. Frequent in Groton valley. 
 
 63. Abutieon, Tourn. 
 
 145. A. Avicenna, Gaertn. Veevet-eeaf. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places ; not common. Aug-Oct. 
 
 Renwick Farm. Six Mile Cr. near Ithaca, and near old buildings. 
 
i8 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 64. Hibiscus, Linn. 
 
 146. H. Moscheutos, L. Rose-maeeow. Swamp Hibiscus. 
 
 Marshes near foot of Cayuga L*. Aug. 
 
 Union Springs, near Farley’s Point ; also marsh north of depot. 
 Abundant in a marsh of several acres south of Hill’s Branch. A 
 low marshy island of six or eight acres in the middle of Black Lake, 
 has been for several years nearly covered with the noble flowers of 
 this plant. Occasional throughout the Cayuga and Montezuma 
 Marshes. 
 
 147. H. Trionum, L. Feower-of-an-Hour. . 
 
 In cult, grounds ; scarce. Summer. 
 
 The gardens and orchards on Farley’s Pt. Univ. Campus, near 
 the Gymnasium, 1884, ( Miss Hale.) 
 
 Auth^a rosea, L m the common Hoeeyhock, has appeared several 
 times by the old roads near the steamboat landing, Ithaca. 
 
 TILIACEiE. 
 
 65. Tieia, Linn. 
 
 148. *T. Americana, L. Basswood. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along the ravines, and in rich woods ; common. July 12-30. 
 
 LINACEiE. 
 
 66. Linum, Linn. 
 
 149. L. Virginianum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, slopes of ravines ; infrequent. July- Aug. 
 
 Fall Cr. Coy Glen. Near White Church. Valley near W. Danby. 
 L. usitaTissimum, L. Common Feax. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and roadsides ; probably not permanent. July. 
 
 Near Cascadilla Bridge, and W. of Case. Place. Taft Hill, Caro- 
 line, and other places. 
 
 GERANIACE^E. 
 
 67. Geranium, Linn. 
 
 150. * G. maculatum, L. Cranes-biee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines, woods and hedges ; common. May-June. 
 
 151. G. Carolinianum, L. 
 
 Scarce near Negundo Woods; on South Hill, Ithaca; and by R.R. 
 north of Levanna. 
 
 152. G. pusieeum, L. Littee Cranes-biee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rare, and of recent introduction. Albany St., Ithaca, 1882, and 
 
 on the Fiske-McGraw grounds, 1885. 
 
 153. *G. Robertianum, L. HERB Robert. (H. and C.) 
 
 In moist shaded places, ravines and elsewhere ; common. May- 
 
 Sept. 
 
 68. FecERKEA, Willd. 
 
 154. F. proserpinacoides, Willd. FaeSE-Mermaid. 
 In rich woods; scarce. Apr., May. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 19 
 
 Negundo Woods. Along Buttermilk Cr., above the upper reser- 
 voir. Ellis Hollow. Near Beaver Cr., McLean. Woods N. E. of 
 Freeville. “Near Auburn, N. Y., in wet part of woods where my 
 carex (C. Carey ana) grows.” ( John Carey in Sartwell's Herb.) 
 
 69. ImpaTIENS, Linn. 
 
 155. * 1 . pallida, Nutt. Paee Touch-me-not. (H. and C.) 
 
 In rich woods, along rivulets and ravines ; common. July-Aug. 
 Especially abundant in the vicinity of Woodwardia Swamp and 
 
 Mud Cr., where a form having flowers of a pale pink with pink 
 spots is found. A white-flowered form was found east of Locke 
 Pond. 
 
 156. * 1 . fulva, Nutt. Spotted Touch-me-not. Jewee-weed. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 In situations similar to the preceding, but more abundant. 
 
 70. Oxaeis, Linn. 
 
 157. * 0 . acetosella, L. Pink Oxaeis. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 In moss of deep hemlock swamps, and in ravines; frequent. June- 
 
 July. 
 
 Ellis Hollow Sw. Enfield ravine and elsewhere. 
 
 158. O. corniculata, L., var. stridta, Sav. [ O . stricta , L., Gray's Man., 
 
 p.109.] Yeeeow Wood-sorree. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields, dry woods and elsewhere. 
 
 RUTACE/E. 
 
 71. Xanthoxyeum, Col den. 
 
 159. X. Americanum, Mill. Prickey Ash. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil ; not common. May. 
 
 Negundo Woods. Renwick Farm slope. Occasional throughout 
 the Neguaena valley and along the low points on the lake-shore. 
 Also in Lansing and Dryden. 
 
 72. Aieanthus, Desf. 
 
 160. A. GEANDUEOSUS, Desf. AlEANTHUS. 
 
 Introduced abundantly about Ithaca. North of Glen Pond. Cas- 
 cadilla Cr., below the bridge. E. Hill, near Buffalo St., and Uni- 
 versity Street. South Hill. The Circus Common. Cayuga Lake, 
 Near McKinney’s. 
 
 ILICINE/E. [Aquifoeiace^E, Gray’s Man., p. 305.] 
 
 73. Ieex, Linn. 
 
 161. 1 . verticillata, Gray. WiNTER-BERRY. BeackAeder. (H.andC.) 
 Along streams and marshes ; frequent. July. 
 
 Its bright red berries especially conspicuous in Ind. Spring Marsh 
 near the lake. Specimens with slender, light colored twigs, are 
 occasionally seen which seem to approach /. Icevigata , Gray. 
 
 74. Nemopanthes, Raf. 
 
 162. N. Canadensis, DC. “ Mountain Hoeey.” (H.andC.) 
 Borders of sphagnum swamps, where it is frequent. May 15-30. 
 
20 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Larch Meadow, formerly. Enfield Spruce Swamp. The Brookton 
 springs. In all the peat-bogs of Dry den. 
 
 CELASTRACEiE. 
 
 75. Ceeastrus, Linn. 
 
 163. *C. scandens, L. BiTTER-SWEET. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of streams, fences, etc.; frequent. June 15-July 15. 
 
 Case, ravine. Along brooks north of Fall Cr., and especially fine 
 
 fruiting specimens along the declivities of the lake-shore. 
 
 Euonymus, Tourn. 
 
 [E. atropurpureus, Jacq., was discovered by Fred V. Coville , in 
 1885, near Watkins, N. Y., on the rocks by the road on the east side 
 of the valley. It is also in Sartwell’s Cat. of 1844.] 
 
 RHAMNACE/E. 
 
 76. Rhamnus, Tourn. 
 
 164. R. CATHARTICA, L. BUCKTHORN. 
 
 An occasional scape from hedges. May 15-June 15. 
 
 Wild south of Fall Cr., W. of Cayuga Southern R. R. On the 
 cliffs south of Levanna, and in Paine’s Cr. Planted about the Fiske- 
 McGraw grounds, near Willow Ave., and elsewhere. 
 
 165. R. alnifolius, L’Her. (H. and C.) % 
 
 In cold springy marshes, where it is frequent. May 15-30. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Larch Meadow. Fleming Meadow, and 
 
 in similar situations within the limits of the Flora. 
 
 77. Ceanothus, Linn. 
 
 166. * C. Americanus, L. JERSEY Tea. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, along ravines and elsewhere ; common. July. 
 
 VITACEiE. 
 
 78. ViTis, Tourn. 
 
 167. V. Labrusca, L. 
 
 Rare, and here probably introduced ; by R. R. near the Glass 
 Works, Ithaca ; in Enfield ravine, in “Lucifer’s Kitchen.” Road- 
 side one mile south of Mecklenburg. 
 
 168. V. aestivalis, Michx. SwEET FrosT-GRAPE. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 Dry woods and banks ; frequent. June 20-July 10. 
 
 Cascadilla Woods, etc., but especially abundant along the lake 
 
 shore, where it runs into several forms, some with large clusters, 
 the berries less than 1 cm. in diameter, some with berries 
 cm. in diam., in small clusters. 
 
 169. V. ripana, Michx. ( V. cordifolia of Man., p. 112, in part.) 
 
 Frost Grape. (H. and C.) 
 
 River banks and rich soil, usually ; common. June. 
 
 Case. Cr., and especially abund. about Indian Spring, Negundo 
 Woods and up the Neguaena valley ; also along Cayuga Lake shore. 
 This is a very conspicuous vine along the rich alluvial banks of our 
 streams, and often climbs to the tops of the tallest trees. It is dis- 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 21 
 
 tinguished from the true V. cordifolia , Michx. , which scarcely ex- 
 tends to our latitude from the South and West, by the broad, round- 
 ed leaf-sinus, the narrow diaphragm separating the pith at the 
 nodes of the branches, (about mm. in thickness), the larger 
 
 thinner stipules (4-6 mm. long) while the seeds have a less distinct 
 raphe, and the flowering time is from 2 to 4 weeks earlier in the 
 same locality. 
 
 [V. cordifolia, Michx., is not certainly known within our limits, al- 
 though specimens with narrow leaf-sinus have been noticed on 
 Lockwood’s Flats and elsewhere. They are all wanting, however, 
 in decisive characters connected with the diaphragms. It is in Sartw. 
 Herb. , at least so-named. ] 
 
 79. Ampeeopsis, Michx. 
 
 170. A. quinquefolia, Michx. Virginia Creeper. (H. and C.) 
 Fences and in rich soil ; common. July. 
 
 This vine covers the cliffs on the lake-shore, below McKinney’s, 
 where it is especially beautiful in autumn. 
 
 SAPINDACE./E. 
 
 80. Staphyeea, Linn. 
 
 171. *S. trifolia, L. BeaddeR-nuT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soils along streams and in rocky places ; scarce. May 15- 
 
 June 15. 
 
 Creek banks near Negundo Woods, and in a few localities be- 
 tween this and Ithaca. S. W. corner of Cayuga L. and in a few of 
 the small ravines along the Ledyard, Genoa and Lansing shores. 
 Frontenac Id. 
 
 81. JEscueus, Linn. 
 
 172. * JE. Hippocastanum, L. Horse-chestnut. 
 
 Escaped from cultivation, in Cascadilla ravine below the bridge. 
 On South Hill, and on Rocky Point, Cayuga L. May 15-30. 
 
 82. Acer, Tourn. 
 
 173. A. Pennsylvanicum, L. Striped MapeE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and cold woods on the high hills ; frequent. May 20- 
 
 June 20. 
 
 174. A. spicatum, Lam. Mountain MapeE. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ravines, woods and rocky hillsides ; frequent. * May 20-June 20. 
 Specimen south side of Six Mile Cr. Narrows nearly 10 cm. in 
 
 diameter. 
 
 175. * A. saccharinum, Wang. Sugar MapeE. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; common. May 12-30. 
 
 Large groves of these toward Cortland ; also a large element in 
 the woods of Dryden, Caroline, Danby, Enfield and Newfield. 
 
 176. A. saccharinum, L, var. nigrum, Gray. Beack MapeE. (Seem- 
 ing like a distinct species.) (C. by Dr. Dwight.) 
 
 Richer soil than the preceding ; not common. 
 
 Toward Enfield {Jordan)\ Negundo Woods, Indian Spring, and at 
 the Corner-of-the-lake, Taughannock, Paine’s Cr., and Big Gully 
 ravines and elsewhere, chiefly near the level of the lake. 
 
22 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 177. A. dasycarpum, Erhart. White MapeE. Siever MapeE. 
 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Mostly in alluvial soil on the lower levels ; frequent. Mar.-April. 
 
 Marshes near the Lake {Jordan) I Neguudo Woods and south. 
 Occasional in the swampy regions of Lansing and Dryden, and very 
 abund. in the woods on the Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. One 
 of the earliest bloomers. 
 
 178. * A. rubrum, L. RED MapeE. SOFT MapeE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Chiefly on the hillsides or in upland woods and swamps ; com- 
 mon. April. 
 
 83. Negundo, Moench. 
 
 179. N. aceroides, Moench. Box-EEDER. 
 
 In “Negundo Woods” at a bend of the creek, i} 4 . miles south of 
 Ithaca. Discovered here by Professor Branner, when a student, 
 June, 1873. The only station reported for N. York State until 1885, 
 when Negundo was reported from near Binghamton by Dr. Mill- 
 spaugh in the Bull, of the Torr. Club. There were, when first dis- 
 covered, about 20 trees, at the Ithaca station, ranging from j-q to J 
 meter in diam., and without doubt indigenous. Since then most of 
 them, together with the magnificent old Buttonwoods and Elms, 
 have been cut down. There are some young trees, both here, on 
 the banks of the creek below the railroad bridges, and near the 
 McGraw barns. 
 
 ANACARDIACEiE. 
 
 84. Rhus, Linn. 
 
 180. R. typhina, L. Stagshorn. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and hillsides ; common. July 1-15. 
 
 181. *R. glabra, L. Smooth-sumac. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks and hillsides ; frequent. July 10-30. 
 
 Slopes of East Hill, South Hill, and abundant on shore of Cayuga 
 Lake. 
 
 182. R. venenata, DC. Poison Sumac or P. Dogwood. (H.andC.) 
 
 Marshes ; not common. July 1-20. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh, and occasional in the sphagnum swamps. 
 
 183. *R. Toxicodendron, L. Poison Ivy. (H and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and rocky places; common. June-July. 
 
 184. R. aromatica, Ait. Aromatic Sumac. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky declivities, where it is frequent. May. 
 
 Fall Cr., near Triphammer Falls, and elsewhere. Found on 
 South Hill, in Six Mile Cr., in all the ravines, on the high “ Pinna- 
 cles” at West Dauby and White Church, and especially abund. on 
 the E. shore of the lake. 
 
 LEGUMINOSiE. 
 
 85. Baptisia, Vent. 
 
 185. B. tinctoria, R. Br. WiED Indigo. 
 
 In Junius, Seneca Co. ( Sartwell in Herb, and C.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 23 
 
 86. Lupinus, Tourn. 
 
 186. L. perennis, L. Lupine. 
 
 Dry woods, where it is not uncommon. May 10-June 10. 
 Cascadilla woods, near the Gymnasium, and the Psi-U. House. 
 Near all our ravines, also in woods on the high hills of Newfield, 
 Danby and Caroline. “Junius.” ( Sartw . in H. and C.) 
 
 87. Medicago, Linn. 
 
 187. M. sativa, L. Lucerne. 
 
 Sparingly introduced 011 the Campus, also on the Pine Knoll in 
 Case. Woods, 1871, from which it has recently disappeared. On 
 Cayuga L. shore at Canoga. 
 
 188. M. EUPUEINA, L. BEACK MEDICK. 
 
 A weed. Chiefly near the large towns, the lake and R. Roads. 
 May-Sept. Junius. (Sartw. Herb, and C.) 
 
 88. Meeiotus, Tourn. 
 
 189. * M. OFFICINAUS, Willd. YEEEOW MEEIEOT. (H. and C.) 
 Near the shore of Cayuga Lake. June- Aug. 
 
 Ledyard, (Herb. Thomas.) Rare near the Inlet. McKinney’s. 
 Abund. from Union Springs to Montezuma. 
 
 190. * M. AEBA. Lam. SWEET CEOVER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Very common along Cayuga L. and the gravelly banks of the 
 
 creeks. Ledyard. (Herb. Thomas.) June-Oct. 
 
 89. Trifoeium, Linn. 
 
 191. *T. pratense, L. Red Ceover. (H. and C.) 
 
 Common. June-Oct. 
 
 192. T. hybrid .'M, L. Aesike. (Intermediate in aspect between 
 T. pratense and T. repens. 
 
 Roadsides ; fields ; frequent. J une-Aug. 
 
 First noticed as a scape, at McLean and Ithaca, 1878. Frequent- 
 ly cultivated in Danby, Bnfield, Ovid and elsewhere. 
 
 193. *T. repens, L. White C. (H. and C.) 
 
 Common. June-Oct. 
 
 194. T. agrarium, L. Yeeeow or Hop-ceover. (H. and C.) 
 Gravelly soil ; chiefly on the hills. June-July. 
 
 Scarce ; near the Valley Cemetery, on the hills near White Church 4 
 and West Danby ; but abundant on the hill-farms in eastern part of 
 Danby. 
 
 195. T. procumbens, L. Low Hop Ceover. 
 
 Of recent introduction ; Univ. Campus, 1882 ; in bloom in July, 
 in pasture north of the Glen Pond ; also in Ithaca Cemetery. 
 
 Lotus, Linn. 
 
 L. CORNICUEATUS, L. 
 
 Appeared in the turf 011 the Fiske-McGraw grounds, in bloom 
 Aug. 1885. 
 
 90. Tephrosia, Pers. 
 
 196. T. Virginiana, Pers. Hoary Pea. 
 
 Dry sandy soil. “Junius,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
24 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 91. Robinia, Linn. 
 
 197. * R. Psevdacacia, L. Locust-tree. 
 
 Ravines and hillsides ; frequent. June 1-15. 
 
 Cascadilla, and most of the larger ravines, and abundant along 
 the smaller ravines bordering on the lake. 
 
 198. R. viscosa, Vent. Ceammy Locust. 
 
 Escaped ; at Aurora, a few shrubs near the R. R. track. June 
 15 - 30 . 
 
 92. Astragaeus. Linn. 
 
 199. A. Canadensis, L. Miek Vetch. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cayuga Lake shore ; infrequent. July. 
 
 Comer-of-the-lake, Bushy Point, Crobar Point, and occasional on 
 both shores as far as Cayuga Bridge. 
 
 200. A. Cooperi, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cayuga L., on the rocky banks ; rare. July. 
 
 South of Shurgur’s Glen, (F. B.Hine)\ North of Ludlowville. 
 A considerable number on the cliff south of Levanna. 
 
 93. Desmodium, DC. Tick Trefoie. 
 
 201. D. nudiflorum, DC. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods ; frequent. July 20, Aug. 
 
 A white-flowered form on Thacher’s Pinnacle, W. Danby. A 
 small form (approaching/?, paucijlorum, EC.,) with leaves scat- 
 tered along the slender ascending stem, is not uncommon, espe- 
 cially on the higher hills. 
 
 202. D. acuminatum, DC. (H. and C.) 
 
 In richer woods than the preceding ; common. July 15- Aug. 
 
 203. D. rotundifolium, DC. 
 
 Sunny copses ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 Case. Woods, Fall Cr. and other ravines. White Church. Thach- 
 er’s Pinnacle. “Junius,” [Sartwell H. and C.)l 
 
 [D. canescens, DC. 
 
 “Seneca L. Beck in Herb.” Paine's Cat. p. 73. Gorham. 
 Sartwell in H. and C. “ Abund. in gully E. of Penn Yan.” {Dr. 
 Wright . )] 
 
 204. D. cuspidatum, Torr. and Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich dry woods ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Case. Woods. Coy Glen. White Church, and elsewhere. 
 
 205. D. Dillenii, Darlingt. (C.) 
 
 Along ravines and in dry woods ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 Varies considerably, the more downy forms approaching D. viridi- 
 flornm, Beck. Paine gives “Seneca L. ” as a station for D. viri- 
 difiorum , Beck, on authority of Sartwell, but I have not yet seen 
 the true form in this region. 
 
 206. D. paniculatum, DC. (H. and C.) 
 
 In woods and ravines ; frequent. Aug. 10-30 
 
 207. D. Canadense, DC. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of creeks, and on the lake shore ; abundant. Aug, Sept. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 25 
 
 208. D. rigidum, DC. (C. by Dr. Wriglit.) 
 
 Open thickets and hillsides ; scarce. Aug. 
 
 Near ravine north of Enfield ravine. Near White Church. A 
 form (possibly a hybrid D. rigidum DC. X D. Marilandicum, 
 Boott,) with smoothisli stem and leaves 3-4 cm. long, nearly 
 smooth, OQCurs at White Church. 
 
 209. D. Marilandicum, Boott. (H. and C.) 
 
 Open thickets ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Coy Glen ( F. B. Hine.) Near White Church, var. ( 5 . Torr. 
 and Gray, with larger leaflets occurs near Fall Creek mill-pond, 
 and near White Church. 
 
 [D. ciliare, DC. At Penn Yan ( Sartwell , H. and C)] 
 
 94. Lespedeza, Michx. Bush Ceover. 
 
 210. L. repens, Bart. ( L . repens, Torr. and Gray and L. procumbens , 
 
 Michx. See Gray’s Man., p. 137. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Banks of ravine north of Enfield ravine. (S. X W. 6 ) 4 .) At 
 same place, is a form approaching L. violacea , Pers.,in the character 
 of loments. 
 
 211. L. violacea, Pers. ( L . violacea var. divergens , of Man., p. 137) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 The common form bears numerous thin leaves and rather glome- 
 rate clusters of purple flowers, (but is quite different from L. reti- 
 culata, Pers.,) Frequent in dry woods. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 212. An open loosely panicled form with handsome flowers in pairs, 
 large, nearly 1 cm. long, and with large ovate acuminate pods ; oc- 
 curs on Farley’s Point. 
 
 213. A form with thin leaves and slender stem, but with petioles and 
 stem pubescent with spreading hairs, the flowers pink or only the 
 vexillum purplish, and the short racemes peduncled, seems to be- 
 long here although it may be a hybrid between this species and the 
 next. It occurs in Case. Woods and on banks of ravine north of 
 Enfield ravine. 
 
 214. L. Stuvei, Nutt. 
 
 Dry banks ; scarce. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Hillside near White Church. Banks of ravine north of Enfield 
 ravine. 
 
 215. L. hirta, Ell. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and woods ; common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 216. L. capitata, Michx. 
 
 Rare, on the wild bank beyond the Fleming S. H. Aug. 20- 
 Sept. 20. 
 
 (Milo, roadside. Dr. Wright .) 
 
 95. Vicia, Toum. 
 
 217. V. sativa, L. Common Vetch. (H.) 
 
 Roadsides and banks ; occasional. June-Sept. 
 
 In the valley south of Ithaca, along Cayuga L,. and elsewhere. 
 
26 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 218. V. Cracca, F. (H. andC.) 
 
 On the sand bank west of Mr. Howard Williams’, since 1871 
 
 (abundant by R. R. near Cortland depot.) July ; appearing as if in- 
 troduced here. 
 
 219. V. Caroliniana, Walt. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and banks ; common. May 10—30. 
 
 220. V. Americana, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Only along Cayuga L. and its marshes, where it is frequent. June- 
 
 July. 
 
 96. Lathyrus, Linn. 
 
 221. L. venosus, Muhl. “? Geneva” in Sartwell’s Herb.” “Cay- 
 uga F-,” {Herb. Thomas.) 
 
 222. L. ochroleucus, Hook. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillsides and thickets ; not common. May. 
 
 Fall Cr., and other ravines, also ravines and woods of Cayuga 
 lake shore. 
 
 223. L. palustris, F. Marsh Vetcheing. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shores and borders of marshes ; not common. July. 
 
 Near the Corner-of-the-lake. Shore of Cayuga F., at Marion’s, 
 on Bushy Point, and occasional to Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 224. F. palustris, F. var. myrtifolius, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shore of Cayuga F. ; not common. July-Aug. 
 
 Near Marion’s. Near Treman’s. Myers Point. Near Union 
 Springs. 
 
 97. AmphicarpjEa, Ell. 
 
 225. * A. monoica, Nutt. Hog Pea-nuT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Thickets, shores, etc. ; common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 98. Apios, Boerheave. 
 
 226. A. tuberosa, Mcench. Ground-nut. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich alluvial soil ; abundant in the Neguaena valley, and along 
 
 the lake. Aug. 
 
 Cascadilla ravine. Negundo Woods and south. Myers Point. 
 Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 99. Cassia, Finn. 
 
 227. C. Marilandica, F. WlED SENNA. 
 
 Rare. Roadside near the fork of the Slaterville and Brookton 
 roads, E. of Ithaca. 
 
 100. Gymnoceadus, Fam. 
 
 228. G. Canadensis, Fam. Kentucky COFFEE-TREE. (H. and C.) 
 Rare ; along the borders of Cayuga F. May 25-June 10. 
 
 “ At the bottom of a ravine near the borders of Cayuga F. {Dr. 
 Alex. Thompson ),” (see Torreys Flora, I, p. 191) ; also in Dr. Thomp- 
 son’s Cat. of 1841. It is quite likely the precise locality was 
 Fockwoods Flats at the mouth of Big Gully, where Professor 
 Thomas of Union Springs remembers to have seen it many years ago. 
 “Ithaca {in Herb. Van Duzer ),” (see Paine’s Cat. p. 75). Town of 
 Fausing “near Cayuga F.” at McKinney’s, {Hon. H. B. Lord in 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 27 
 
 igth Report of Regents , 1865, p. 77), who says there are one large 
 (18 in.) and two small trees, which the people near suppose to be 
 mahogany trees. The large and one small tree are still standing 
 (1885). Three middle-size trees near the brook at Lake Ridge Sta. ! 
 Three rather large trees apparently indigenous near the Lehigh 
 Valley R. R. round-house at Ithaca! 
 
 (“On Seneca L. at Cachong Cr. — one tree 18 in. diam.” (J. Hall , 
 in Torr. Flora.) “Seneca Lake,” ( Sartwell Herb.) Near Fayette, 
 Onondaga Co., ( Professor Underwood , letter of Feb. 1886), “ Onon- 
 daga Co.” {Mrs. Rust, Bull, of Torry Bot. Club , Vol. IX.) 
 
 The above are the only stations known to me in N. Y. , where 
 Gymnocladus is presumably indigenous. 
 
 101. Geeditschia, Linn. 
 
 229. * G. triacanthus, L- Honey-Locust. (H and C.) 
 
 Hillsides and banks of streams ; occasional. June 20-30. 
 
 Near Case. Cr., on the slope of East Hill, Six Mile Cr., South Hill 
 and elsewhere near Ithaca. 
 
 G. MONOSPERMA, Walt. 
 
 A single young tree growing spontaneously, by one of the roads 
 south of the steamboat landing. 
 
 ROSACEA. 
 
 102. Prunus, Tourn. 
 
 230. P. Persica, L. Peach. 
 
 Occasional, by roadsides. Near Indian Spring, toward Buttermilk 
 Falls, and elsewhere. Probably it rarely self-seeds. First week in 
 May. 
 
 231. P. Americana, Marshall. Wied Peum. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and thickets ; common. May 1-20. 
 
 Two forms occur ; one with gray, slender branches, larger flowers, 
 and glandular calyx-lobes, occurs in ravines, often on swamp-bor- 
 ders. The other, with dark, stouter twigs, smaller flowers than the 
 preceding, the calyx-lobes silky within, slightly or not at all gland- 
 ular, occurs in hedges or more exposed places than the other. 
 
 232. P. domestica, L. Garden Peum. 
 
 Escaped ; not uncommon. May 15 — 25. 
 
 Cornell’s Woods, Renwick-Farm slope, South Hill and elsewhere. 
 
 233. P. spinosa, L. Seoe. 
 
 Apparently rare. Shurgur’s Point, Cayaga Lake. May. 
 
 234. P. avium, L. English Cherry. 
 
 Ravines, and banks of Cayuga Lake ; frequent. May 15-30. 
 
 All ravines near Ithaca, and especially abundant on both shores 
 of the Lake, where it forms small thickets and groves on the cleared 
 banks. Not uncommon on Turkey Hill, also in Enfield, Newfield 
 and Dryden. 
 
 235. * P- cerasus, L. Sour Cherry. 
 
 Escaped to roadsides, usually not far away from farm-houses ; in- 
 frequent. May 15-30. 
 
28 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Dryden Road, near Heustis St., Renwick Farm, Danby and else- 
 where. 
 
 236. P. pumila, L. Dwarf Cherry. 
 
 Rare. Only known on the hummocks of South Hill Marsh, ! 
 where it was detected by Mr. Curtice, in 1882. May 25-June 10. 
 
 The habitat is unusual, and remarkable in view of the fact that 
 it has been vainly sought for on the lake-shore, where it would be 
 expected. Its drupes at our station are usually destroyed by Exoas- 
 cus Pruni , Fck'l , a fungus. 
 
 237. P. Pennsylvania, L. Wied Red Cherry. (C.) 
 
 O11 newly cleared land and in ravines ; common. May 15-20. 
 
 238. * P. Virginiana, L. Choke Cherry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and rocky banks ; common. May 10-25. 
 
 239. * P. serotina, Ehrh. Wied Beack Cherry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. May 20-June 30. 
 
 103. Spiraea, Linn. 
 
 240. S. salicifolia, L. Meadow Sweet. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 S. EOBATA, Murr. 
 
 A bed of this plant has been growing vigorously for some years 
 on the marsh north of Ithaca. July. 
 
 104. Neieeia, Don. 
 
 241. N. opulifolia, Benth. and Hook. ( Spircea opulifolia , L.) Nine- 
 bark. 
 
 Cayuga L. shore, ( Jordan ), where it is abundant ! June 10-30. 
 
 “Ithaca,” (Sartwell Herb. ) Ledyard, {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 It is especially abundant and beautiful on the shales of the High 
 Cliffs, north of Kings Ferry. It occurs in Fall Cr., below the Mir- 
 ror Falls, and in Taughannock ravine. 
 
 105. GieeEnia, Moench. 
 
 242. * G. tri'foliata, Mcench. Bowman’s Root. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, with Ceanothus, etc. ; frequent. June. 
 
 Case. Woods, on the knoll near the Armory, and in similar situa- 
 tions. 
 
 106. Daeibarda, Linn. 
 
 243. D. repens, L. ( Rubus Dalibarda , L.) (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Borders of sphagnum swamps and hemlock woods. July- Aug. 
 
 Enfield ravine. Near Michigan Hollow Swamp, and not uncom- 
 mon near the low woods and swamps, Freeville and McLean. Led- 
 yard, ( Herb.J ’. J. Thomas.) 
 
 107. Rubus, Tourn. 
 
 244. *R. odoratus, L. Feowering Raspberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky or gravelly banks ; common. June- Aug. 
 
 Specimens with white and with pink flowers on west shore of the 
 lake. (F. B. Hine , 1876. F. T. Wilson , 1882)! 
 
 245. R. triflorus, Rich. (C.) 
 
 Moist woods and hedges ; frequent. May. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 29 
 
 246. R. negledtus, Pk. (See 22d Rep. of Regents, p. 53.) Cream- 
 berry. 
 
 Hillsides and pastures ; not uncommon. June-July. 
 
 Cayuga L., west shore near Marion’s. W. Danby. Near Summit 
 Marsh. Case. Cr., above Judd’s Falls. 
 
 It is distinguished by its stems recurved, (like R. occidentallis ), 
 and armed with unequal straight prickles, its pedicels armed 
 with numerous slender prickles intermingled with stiff glandular 
 hairs, its hispid calyx, its fruit dark red, intermediate in color be- 
 tween R. strigosus and R. occidentalis. It is distinct, but seems 
 like a hybrid. 
 
 247. R. strigosus, Michx. Red Raspberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Light soil, especially on newly cleared lands ; common. June. 
 
 248. R. occidentalis, L. Beack Raspberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillsides, fences, etc.; common. June. 
 
 249. R. villosus, Ait. Blackberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and thickets ; common. May-June. 
 
 250. R. villosus, Ait. var. humifjsus, Gray. (H.) 
 
 Cascadilla Cr., Taughannock and elsewhere ; not common. 
 
 251. R. villosus, Ait. var. frondosus, Gray. 
 
 South Hill. 4 
 
 252. R. Canadensis, L. DEWBERRY. (C.) 
 
 Rocky places or old fields ; frequent. June. 
 
 253. R. hispidus, L. Swamp Blackberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and borders of sphagnum swamps ; frequent. June. 
 South Hill Marsh, Larch Meadow and other cold, wet marshes. 
 
 108. Geum, Linn. 
 
 254. G. album, Gmelin. 
 
 Hedges and moist banks ; frequent. July. 
 
 255. G. Virginianum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 With the preceding ; frequent. June, July. 
 
 [G. macrophyllum, Willd. 
 
 S. H. Wright finds this in a gully E. of Penn Yan.] 
 
 256. G. strictum, Ait. “Blackburr,” (local name.) (H. and C.) 
 Fields and hedges ; common. June 25-July 15. 
 
 257. *G. rivale, L. PURPLE Avens. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes; frequent. May 20-June. 
 
 South of Fall Creek, near Forest Home. Ellis Hollow swamp. 
 Throughout marshes of Dryden and Danby. 
 
 109. Waldsteinia, Willd. 
 
 258. * W. fragarioides, Willd. Barren Strawberry. (H. and C.) 
 Ravine banks, thickets and woods ; common. May 1-20. 
 
 no. Fragaria, Toura. 
 
 259. F. Virginiana, Ehrh. Wild Strawberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and pastures ; common. May. 
 
 *. 
 
30 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 
 260. F. Virginiana, Ehrh. var. Illinoiensis, Gray. 
 
 In richer soil ; less common. May. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. South Hill and near Cayuga L. 
 
 261. F. vesca, L. Wood S. (H. and C.) 
 
 In woods and swamps or recently cleared land ; frequent. May- 
 
 June. 
 
 262. The var. alba, the “ Indian Strawberry ,” is at Sherwood, and is 
 not uncommon in that region, according to Mrs. Professor Brun. 
 Its fruit is white and its leaves thicker and more shining than in 
 the type. Also near Beebe Pond, ( Professor J. H. Comstock .) 
 
 hi. PoTENTiiyDA, Finn. 
 
 263. P. recta, L. 
 
 Fields ; scarce. July. 
 
 Near Union Springs, 1875 ! 
 
 264. P. Norvegica, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 265. * P. Canadensis, L. Five-Finger. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. May-July. 
 
 266. P. Canadensis, L. var. simplex, Torr. and Gr. 
 
 Dry banks ; common. 
 
 267. P. argentea, U. SiEVERY ClNQUE-FoiE. (C.) 
 
 Gravelly or rocky hillsides. Not common. June-July. 
 
 Campus, south of Morrill Hall. South Hill. Lansing, Near Lud- 
 
 lowville. The cedar knoll near High Cliffs. E. of McLean, ard 
 elsewhere. 
 
 268. P. arguta, Pursh.. (C. b}^ Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Rocky or dry banks ; rare. May 20-June 15. 
 
 South of Burdick’s Glen, near the shore. Beyond the Fleming 
 S. H., with Lespedeza capitata, and found in 1881 introduced in a 
 grass-field south of McLean. (Watkins, N. Y., E. side of valley.) 
 
 269. * P. Anserina, L. SiEVER-WEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy shores, where it is frequent. June-July. 
 
 Abundant at the head of Cayuga Lake ( Jordan)\ and on all the 
 sandy points to Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. Summit Marsh. 
 Cortland Marl Ponds and Cayuta L. 
 
 270. P. fruticosa, L. Hard-hack, or Shrubby Cinque-foie. 
 Sphagnum swamps ; rare. June-Aug. 
 
 Round-Marsh (eastern.) Locke Pond, above bridge. Summit 
 Marsh, east side, a few shrubs at each station. Junius, ( Sartwell 
 in Herb, and C.), where it is abundant about Newton’s Ponds! 
 (“Yates Co., ( Sartwell ) ” in Torrey’s Flora, I, p. 210.) 
 
 271. * P. palustris, Scop. Marsh Five-Finger. 
 
 Marshes ; infrequent. June 20-July 15. 
 
 Round-Marsh, (middle one.) By the pond S. E. of Chicago 
 Sta. Locke Pond, (E. side.) Cayuga Marshes, from Cayuga to 
 Montezuma. Cayuta L. (N. W. shore.) Junius, {Sartwell H. and C.) 
 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 3i 
 
 1 1 2. Agrimonia, Tourn. 
 
 272. A. Eupatoria, L. Agrimony. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 273. A. parviflora, Ait. 
 
 Marshy places ; rare. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 W. Danby ; collected by E C- Curtice , June, 1882. Near Free- 
 ville, (one mile west), July and Sept^ (Previously reported 
 
 from N. Y., only from Rockland Co."^ 111 the 20th Rep. of Regents, 
 p. 403.) 
 
 1 13. Poterium, Linn. 
 
 274. P. Canadense, Gray. Canadian Burnet. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Sedgy sphagnum swamps ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Larch Meadow, 1873 ! Along Mud Creek, Freeville. Locke 
 Pond, in marsh. 
 
 1 14. Sanguisorba, Linn. 
 
 [S. officinalis, L. Occurs well established along the West Shore 
 R. R. east of Clyde Sta.] 
 
 1 15. Rosa, Tourn. 
 
 275. R. blanda, Ait. Early Wild-rose. (H.) 
 
 On the rocky banks of Cayuga L., where it is abundant. June. 
 
 Occasional up the Negusena valley. Forms with pubescent leaves 
 
 approaching the western var. pubescens, Crepin, occur near the 
 lake shore. 
 
 276. R. Carolina, L- Swamp Rose. (H. and C. ) 
 
 Swamps and low grounds ; common. July. 
 
 277. R. lucida, Ehrh. Shining Rose. 
 
 North of Eddy Pond, and probably not rare. Near Junius Ponds. 
 '* Newfoundland to E. New York, and Penn.,” ( Sereno Watson in 
 “ Revision of Roses of North Amer.f Proc. of Amer. Acad., Vol. 
 XX, 1885, p. 147.) Mr. Watson writes that the above specimens 
 are well marked, and from the most western station known to him. 
 This species is from | — 1| m. tall, its leaflets more coarsely toothed 
 than in R. Carolina , dark green and thickish, its stipules more or 
 less dilated, and its spines stout and straight, or when old usually 
 hooked. 
 
 278. R. humilis, Marshall. ( R . lucida , of Man., p. 158, for most part. ) 
 
 Dwarf Rose. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods and banks ; common. June-July. 
 
 A taller, nearly unarmed form of this species grows on the lake 
 shore banks south of McKinney’s Sta., and elsewhere. 
 
 279. R. setigera, Michx. Prairie Rose. 
 
 Perhaps introduced in this region from the West ; scarce. July. 
 
 Cascadilla ravine below the bridge ; also north of Glen Pond. Six 
 Mile Creek, — “amphitheatre.” South Hill by R. R., near the 
 Reservoir. Field near Utts Point, — always in wild places. 
 
 280. R. Cinnamomea, L. Cinnamon Rose. Persists frequently by 
 roadsides near houses. Seemingly spontaneous by road north of 
 Cayuta L. 
 
32 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 281. * R. rubiginosa, L. Sweet-brier. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pastures and hillsides ; frequent. July. 
 
 1 1 6. Pirus, Linn. 
 
 282. P. maeus, L. Appee. 
 
 Self-seeding and frequent. May 1-25. 
 
 Case. Cr., near Eddy Pond. Slopes of E. Hill and South Hill. 
 Lake-shore and elsewhere. 
 
 283. P. communis, L. Pear. 
 
 Self-seeding occasionally. May 1-20. 
 
 North of Eddy Pond. Six Mile Cr., near Ferris Brook and else- 
 where. 
 
 284. P. coronaria, L. Wied Crab-appeE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillslopes, frequently in moist soil; not uncommon. May 15- 
 
 June 1. 
 
 The University Grove on the President White grounds (indige- 
 nous. ) E. Hill slope. Renwick-Farm slope, and north of Fall Cr. 
 Six Mile Creek, (a tree near the Valentine place, about 25 cm. in 
 diam.), rather abundant on South Hill, near the “Incline,” and 
 beyond S. S. Sta. 420. On West Hill. In Danby, Newfield, and 
 not uncommon near Union Springs. When in bud and partly 
 in bloom this is the most beautiful and fragrant of our native 
 Rosacese. * 
 
 285. P. arbutifolia, L., var. erythrocarpa, Gray. Choke-berry. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 South Hill, near the R. R., on the rocky bank of the South 
 Quarry Cr. Also near South Hill Marsh ; not common. June. 
 
 286. P. arbutifolia, L., var. melanocarpa, Gr. Choke-berry. 
 
 Chiefly on the borders of sphagnum swamps ; abundant. May 20- 
 
 June 15. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Larch Meadow, and cold marshes of Dry- 
 den, Danby, Enfield and elsewhere. 
 
 287. P. Americana, DC. MOUNTAIN Ash. 
 
 Indigenous, along the borders of sphagnum swamps ; rare. June. 
 
 Woodwardia Sw. Mallory ville Marsh. Round-Marshes. Mich- 
 igan Hollow Swamp. Usually a mere shrub in our Flora. Occa- 
 sionally cultivated, and small specimens — presumably scapes — are 
 frequently found in upland woods, and by roads. 
 
 P. sambucifoeia, Schlect. and Cham. ; rarely escapes to roadsides. 
 
 1 17. Crataegus, Linn. 
 
 288. C. OXYCANTHA, L. EnGEISH HAWTHORN. (H.) 
 
 Escaped to pastures ; rare. June 1-25. 
 
 Cascadilla Cr., north of Cascade Pond, formerly. Grassy levels 
 in Big Gully ravine. Pasture near Farley’s Point. Many fine 
 plantsjn cultivation on Farley’s Point. 
 
 289. * C. coccinea, L. ScareET Thorn. (H. and C.J 
 
 Thickets and hillsides ; common. May 15-30. 
 
 Many of our plants have appressed-hairy, instead of “glabrous” 
 leaves. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 33 
 
 290. C. coccinea, L. var. macracantha. (C. glandulosa , Willd. of 
 most early American works. C. macracantha , Lodd, probably. Re- 
 ferred by Torr. and Gray, (1840,) to C. coccinea , L. ; see Flora , I, 
 p. 465.) 
 
 Hillsides and stony soil ; frequent. May 20-30. 
 
 Near the Campus Brook. South Hill, beyond the “ Incline,” and 
 beyond S. S. 420. Both shores of Cayuga L., from Rocky Point, 
 north. Specimens from Union Springs are intermediate between 
 this form and the true C. coccinea ; nevertheless, this form, as seen 
 in Central N. Y. and elsewhere, is so distinct from the type, that to 
 fail to distinguish it by name in some way, gives rise to more or 
 less confusion. It differs from the ordinary thin-leaved C. coccinea , 
 L., in the following particulars : Branches usually long, straggling ; 
 brauchlets stout, reddish, with globose or oblate', red shining buds. 
 Thorns very long, 8-12 cm., rarely more, Leaves broadly obovate- 
 cuneiform, lobed and doubly-serrate above, tapering by a wedge- 
 shaped base into a stout petiole, coriaceous, smooth, shining, veins 
 prominent. Calyx-lobes narrowly oblong or lanceolate, pectinately- 
 glaudular, -while the broader calyx-lobes of C. coccinea are only 
 sparsely glandular. Flowers are smaller and more abundant than 
 in C. coccinea. Fruits smaller, not so fleshy, seeds bony and larger. 
 
 291. C. tomentosa, L. Beack Thorn. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hedges and moist soil ; frequent. June 5-15. 
 
 Frequently without thorns, its calyx-lobes glandular-pinnatifid. 
 
 292. C. tomentosa, L., var. pyrifolia, Gray. 
 
 Ledyard, 1827. (. Herb.J J. Thomas ,) “Near Auburn” (/. Carey in 
 Flora oj N. Y. I, p. 222.) North and South of Union Springs. Its 
 leaves are rather ample, spatulate, long-petioled, somewhat shining 
 and almost regularly serrate. It is distinct from the type in time of 
 flowering (May 25-June 5), and in the entire glandless calyx-lobes 
 (agreeing in both these points with the following variety.) 
 
 293. C. tomentosa, L. var. punctata, Gray. (C.) 
 
 Hillsides, fields, more rarely in woods ; abundant. May 25-June 5. 
 
 Fruit usually a dull crimson, but yellow pomes occur near Etna, 
 
 and Forest Home; in White Church valley and near Cayuta L. 
 
 294. C. Crus-galli, L. Cock-spur Thorn. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pastures and fences. 
 
 Frequent near Cayuga L. from a region south and east of Ludlow- 
 ville to Montezuma ; also west and north of Sheldrake and Canoga ; 
 elsewhere absent. 
 
 1 18. Ameeanchier, Medic. 
 
 295. *A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray, (including var. botryapium .) 
 
 June-berry. Shad-bush. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; frequent. May 1-20. 
 
 On Univ. farm (a large tree, the young leaves hairy.) Fall Cr., 
 Case. Cr., Eddy Pond, Six Mile Cr., Big Gully, etc., (all with young 
 leaves nearly glabrous.) 
 
 296. A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray. var. oblongifolia, Gray. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; common. May 1-20. 
 
34 
 
 THE CA YUGA FL ORA. 
 
 297. A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray. var. rotundifolia, Gray. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky banks and cliffs ; not common. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Fall Cr. ravine [F. L. K.)\ Cayuga L. ; Kings Ferry, and north of 
 Crobar Pt. Caroline on the cliffs near White Church. W. Danby, 
 on Thacher’s pinnacle. 
 
 298. A. Canadensis, Torr. and Gray ; (form.) 
 
 (In sphagnum marshes, and agreeing with var. oligoearpa in char- 
 acter of the leaf and length of petals, but racemes usually have 4-6 
 flowers.) Round Marshes. South Hill Marsh. May 10-20 
 
 SAXIFRAGACE.®. 
 
 1 19. Saxifraga, Linn. 
 
 299. S. aizoides, L. YEEEOW Mountain-saxifrage. 
 
 Dripping cliffs ; very rare. June 15-30. 
 
 Cliffs of Taughannock ravine, south side, below the falls ; detect- 
 ed Oct. 1880. Elsewhere in N. Y. only at Fish Cr., Oneida Co., and 
 at Portage and in Warsaw Glen, 1871, ( Dr . Jordan)\ also from Por- 
 tage, (. Buffalo Cat. p. 97.) 
 
 300. * S. Virginiensis, Michx. Earey Saxifrage. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocks along ravines and brooks ; common. Apr.-May. 
 
 301. S. Pennsylvania, L. Swamp Saxifrage. (C.) 
 
 Wet cold swamps ; frequent. May. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh, Larch Meadow and elsewhere. 
 
 120. Tiareeea, Linn. 
 
 302. * T. cordifolia, L. Faese Mitre-wort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and cool banks ; abundant. May -June. 
 
 1 21. Miteeea, Linn. 
 
 303. * M. diphylla, L. Bishop’S-cap. Mitre-wort. (H. and C.) 
 Ravines and damp thickets ; common. May-June. 
 
 304. M. nuda, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of sphagnum marshes ; infrequent. May 20-June 10. 
 Ellis Hollow Swamp. Mallory ville Marsh, (F. P. Weeks ,) ! Free- 
 
 ville, Fir-tree Swamp and Mud Cr. Round Marshes. Michigan 
 Hollow. Bear Sw. 
 
 122. ChrysospeEnium, Tourn. 
 
 305. C. Americanum, Schw. Goeden Saxifrage. (H. and C.) 
 Cold, springy places ; frequent. Apr.-May. 
 
 123. Parnassia, Tourn. 
 
 306. P. Caroliniana, Michx. Grass OF Parnassus. (H. and C.) 
 
 In springy places in all the ravines and in peat-bogs ; frequent. 
 
 Aug. -Sept. 
 
 124. Ribes, Linn. 
 
 307. R. Cynosbati, L. Prickey Gooseberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, banks and cliffs ; common. May. 
 
 Very common along the lake shore cliffs, when occasionally the 
 berries are smooth ; and the stems are often pendant, 3-4 m. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 35 
 
 308. R. oxycanthoides, L- (E. hirtellum , Mx ., Man., p. 164) 
 
 Swamp G. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; not uncommon. May 12-30. 
 
 Near Negundo Woods. Larch Meadow, and the marshes of Dry- 
 den. 
 
 309. R. rotundifolium, Michx. 
 
 Rocky slopes ; not common. May 12-25. 
 
 South Hill near the “ Incline.” Near the “ Nook” green-house. 
 Road toward Enfield Falls? {H. E. Summers.) Groton. 
 
 310. R. lacustre, Poir. 
 
 Deep swamps ; scarce. June. 
 
 ‘‘Freeville Sw r .” {Jordan and Copeland, 1872, — not in herb.) 
 Swamp near Round-Marsh. Michigan Hollow. Ellis Hollow. 
 
 311. R. prostratum, L. ’Her. Fetid Currant. 
 
 Cold woods and deep swamps ; frequent. May 10-30. 
 
 Dart Woods and Ellis Hollow swamp, and in similar situations. 
 
 312. R. floridum, L. Beack Currant. (C.) 
 
 Moist banks and along creeks ; frequent. May. 
 
 313. R. rubrum, L. Garden Currant. 
 
 Escaped. Near Indian Spring. South Hill ; scarce. 
 
 314. R. rubrum, L. var. subglandulosum, Maxim. Wied Red-CUR- 
 rant. * 
 
 Cold woods and deep swamps ; not common. May 10-25. 
 
 Ellis Hollow swamp. Dryden-Lansing swamp. ( Jordan) ! Free- 
 ville and Beaver Creek. Michigan Hollow. North of Cayuta L. 
 
 CRASSULACE^. 
 
 125. Penthorum, Gronov. 
 
 315. P. sedoides, L. Ditch Stone-crop. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 126. Sedum, Tourn. 
 
 316. S. acre, L. Goeden or Mossy Stone-crop. 
 
 Escaped sparingly ; North side Fall Cr. below Ithaca Falls. Kid- 
 der’s Ferry, rather abund. by the road. May 25 -June 10. 
 
 317. S. ternatum, Michx. 
 
 Probably introduced ; local. May 10-June 20. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. “apparently indigenous” in the Narrows — “the 
 middle ravine with Camptosorus, detected by J. T. Duncan, May 
 18, 1870.” [Dr. Jordan.) Abundant in the ravine of the Ferris 
 brook where it is probably introduced, as it is along the brook in 
 the Cemetery. 
 
 [S. telephioides, Michx. 
 
 Rocky places. “ Seneca Lake,” Sartwell in C. : Prof. J. Hall 
 in Flora of N. Y. I, p. 252, and .S’. H. Wright 22 N. Y. Eep. p. 102 ; 
 the latter writes that his station is just south of Starkey’s landing.] 
 
 318. S. Teeephium, L. Live-for-ever. 
 
 Roadsides and fields ; not uncommon. Aug-Sept. 
 
36 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 Thoroughly established along the rocky banks of the lake shore, 
 south of L. Ridge and elsewhere ; sometimes becoming a great pest 
 in cultivated fields, east of Ithaca. 
 
 DROSERACEiE. 
 
 127. Drosera, Linn. 
 
 319. D. rotundifolia, L. Round-eEaved Sundew. (H. and C.) 
 Sphagnum bogs ; frequent. July 15-30. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Freeville sphagnum sw. Mallory ville. Round- 
 Marshes and elsewhere. 
 
 320. D. intermedia, Drev. and Hayne, var. Americana, DC. Long- 
 eeaved Sundew. 
 
 “Junius,” ( Sartwell in H. and C.) ; in the Tamarack sw. north 
 of the Pout Pond ! 
 
 HAMAMELACEiE. 
 
 128. Hamameeis, Linn. 
 
 321. H. Virginiana, L. WiTCH Hazee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and ravines ; common. Oct. -Nov. 
 
 HALORAGEiE. 
 
 129. Myriophyeeum, Vaill. 
 
 322. M. spicatum, L. Common Water-Miefoie. * (H. and C.) 
 Common in the Inlet of Cayuga L-, the mouth of Fall Cr., and 
 
 throughout the lake and outlet in shallow water, to Montezuma. 
 July, Aug. 
 
 323. M. verticillatum, L. (C.) 
 
 Scarce ; bayou near mouth of Fall Cr. ( Trelease , 1878) ! Cayuga 
 
 Bridge, 1874 ; occasional in the lake-outlet, and in the “ Marl-pits,” 
 Montezuma Marshes. July- Aug. 
 
 324. M. heterophyllum, Michx. 
 
 Rare ; in the outlet of North Spring at Union Springs. July-Aug. 
 130. Proserpinaca, Linn. 
 
 325. P. palustris, L. Mermaid-weed. (C.) 
 
 I11 water of the larger marshes. Marsh near the Corner-of-the 
 
 lake {Mr. Lord.) ! Cayuga Marshes. Summit Marsh. 
 
 131. Hippuris, Linn. 
 
 326. H. vulgaris, L. MarE’S-Taie. 
 
 “Cayuga, Dr. Jed. Smith," ( Sartwell in H. and C.) Not un- 
 common about the outlet of North Pond at Union Springs 40 or 50 
 years since. ( Prof'r J. J. Thomas.) This rare plant — always rare 
 for N. Y. — has not been rediscovered here, although it is. possible 
 that it still exists in Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 MELASTOMACEiE. 
 
 132. Rhexia, Linn. 
 
 327. * R. Virginica, L. DEER-GRASS. 
 
 Sandy shores, (not now known in our Flora.) Aug. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 37 
 
 In Dr. Thompson’s Cat. of Plants near Aurora, (See Regent’s 
 Rep. 1S41,) as R. Mariana. A specimen is in Herb, of Prof’r J. J. 
 Thomas, without locality, but which he thinks was collected near 
 Union Springs. It still exists about Oneida L. 
 
 lythracea:. 
 
 133. Lythrum, Linn. 
 
 328. L. Saucaria, L. Spiked Loosestrife. 
 
 Shores ; rare. July. 
 
 Near Inlet south of light-house (Dr. Jordan, 1869.) ! Shore of 
 lake west of Inlet, (F. B. Hine , 1875.)! The plants have contin- 
 ued, though not increased. 
 
 134. NESEA. Comm. Juss. 
 
 329. N. verticillata, H. B. K. Swamp koosestrife. (H. and C.) 
 Marshes ; not rare. Aug. 
 
 Near head of Cayuga L. (Mr. Lord.) ! Sheldrake, (Dr. Jordan . )! 
 Farley’s Point. North of Union Springs. Cayuga Marshes. 
 Junius. Newton’s Pond and Pout Pond. 
 
 ONAGRACEA). 
 
 135. Epikobium, Linn. 
 
 330. * E. angustifolium, L. WlEEOW-HERB. FlRE-WEED. (H. and C.) 
 Newly-cleared land and lake shore ; common. July- Aug. 
 
 Form with pure white flowers at Freeville. 
 
 E. hirsutum, L., found in 1874 by Edw. George, near mill west of 
 Case. Place. 
 
 331. E. palustre, L. var. lineare, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum and wet marshes ; infrequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Larch Meadow. All the sphagnum swamps near Freeville and 
 McLean. Locke Pond. Union Springs and Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 332. E. molle, Torr. (C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; infrequent, Aug. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Mud Cr., and Malloryville. Round Marshes. 
 Michigan Hollow. 
 
 333. E. coloratum, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet rocks, ravines and shores ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 136. Ludwigia, Linn. 
 
 334. L. palustris, Ell. Fakse Loosestrife. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Aug, Sept. 
 
 137. CEnothera, Linn. 
 
 335. * CE. biennis, L. Evening-primrose. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds by streams and shores ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 336. CE. biennis, L. var. muricata, Lindl. 
 
 Ithaca. Freeville. 
 
 337. CE. biennis, L., var. grandiflora, Lindl. Six Mile Cr. Narrows. 
 Summit Marsh. Freeville near Fall Cr. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 38 
 
 338. CE. pumila, L. DwarF-EVENING-Primrose. (C.) 
 
 Wet pastures and roadsides ; abundant on the hills. June 20-July. 
 Not yet found about Ithaca, but frequent near South Hill Marsh ; 
 
 through Danby, Dryden, Caroline, Enfield, and above Paine’s Cr. 
 Falls. 
 
 138. Gaura, Finn. 
 
 339. G. biennis, L. Gaura. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy shores or dry banks ; occasional. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 Near the Armory. Six Mile Cr. Pearson estate. Not rare on 
 the sandy points all along Cayuga L. 
 
 139. Circle; a, Toum. 
 
 340. C. Lutetiana, L. Enchanters Night-shade. (H. and C.) 
 Damp woods ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 341. * C. alpina, L. (C.) 
 
 Cool hemlock woods and swamps ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 CUCURBITACE^E. 
 
 140. Sicyos, Linn. 
 
 342. S. angulatus, L. Star-cucumber. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places ; river banks. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Near lake and in town ( Dr . Jordan ) ! Negundo Woods. Shurgur’s 
 Glen. Near Ludlowville. 
 
 141. Echinocystis, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 343. E. lobata, Torr. and Gray. Wied Cucumber. Baesam Appee. 
 Low grounds and river-banks ; not common. Aug. 
 
 South of Ithaca, near R. R. Negundo Woods. 
 
 FICOIDE.®. 
 
 142. Moeeugo, Linn. 
 
 344. M. verticieeata, L- Carpet-weed. 
 
 Roadsides ; scarce. Aug— Sept. 
 
 Near “Nook ” green -houses. Near Corner-of-the-lake. On the 
 Campus, ( Tre lease.) 
 
 UMBELLIFER/E. 
 
 143. Hydrocotyee, Toum. 
 
 345. H. Americana, L. Penny-wort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Springy and moist soil ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 144. Sanicuea, Tourn. 
 
 346. S. Canadensis, L. SaniceE. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods ; not common. June-July. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., Beechwoods flats. Borders of Dryden-LansingSw. 
 Enfield ravine. 
 
 347. S. Marilandica, L. SaniceE. (C.) 
 
 Woods and thickets ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 145. Conium, Linn. 
 
 348. C. macueatum, L. Poison-hemeock. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places; common ; (poisonous). July-Oct. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 39 
 
 [Bupleurum ROTUNDIFOEIUM, L. is in theSartwell Herb, from Gor- 
 ham, Ontario Co.] 
 
 146. Cicuta, Linn. 
 
 349. *C. maculata, L. Water-hemeock. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and swamps ; frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 Too much caution cannot be used in dealing with the Umbelli- 
 fers. A death occurred in Ithaca a few years since from eating what 
 were reported to be the seeds of this species. They were mistaken 
 for those of some of the harmless members of the Order. 
 
 350. C. bulbifera, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes ; not common. Aug-Sept. 
 
 Inlet marshes, and near Renwick. Fall Cr. Beebe Pond. Sum- 
 mit Marsh. Round Marsh. Cayuga Marshes, frequent. 
 
 147. Carum, Linn. 
 
 351. C. Carui, L. Caraway. 
 
 Roadsides ; not uncommon. July. , 
 
 Often found in the hill towns, and the pink-flowered form near 
 road from Dauby to West Danby. 
 
 148. Sium, Linn. 
 
 352. S. cicutae folium, Gmelin. (S. linear e, Michx.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and swamps ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 353. S. cicutaefolium, Gm. var. (S. linecire, Mx. var. intermedium , 
 Torr. and Gray.) 
 
 Along the flood-plain of Neguaena Cr., in ditches ; a form with 
 rather broadly ovate leaflets. 
 
 149. Pimpineeea, Linn. 
 
 354. P. integerrima, Benth. and Hook. (. Zizia integerrima , DC. Gray’s 
 
 Man. ) (H. and C.) 
 
 Sides of ravines, thickets ; common. May 20-June. 
 
 150. CryptoT^nia, DC. 
 
 355. C. Canadensis, DC. Honewort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist woods ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 Case. Woods and elsewhere. 
 
 15 1. Osmorrhiza, Raf. 
 
 356. * O. longistylis, DC. Smooth Sweet-ciceey. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and thickets ; not common. May 20-June. 
 
 Negundo Woods. Renwick-Farm slope and elsewhere. 
 
 357. O. brevistylis, DC. Hairy Sweet-ciceey. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods and ravines ; common. May 20-June. 
 
 152. Ch^rophyeeum, Linn. 
 
 358. C. procumbens, Lam. Wied Chevrie. 
 
 • Rich woods ; rare. May. 
 
 Negundo Woods, 1874. ( Theo. L. Mead.) ! By Creek near Esty’s 
 Tannery. By R. R. near Esty’s T. 
 
40 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 153. Thaspium, Nutt. 
 
 359. T. aureum, Nutt. (H. and C.) 
 
 Type form rare. Near cult, field north of Forest-Home. May 
 
 20-June. 
 
 360. T. aureum, Nutt. var. apterum, Gray. (H.) 
 
 Open meadows and thickets ; frequent. 
 
 Near Negundo Woods. Green-Tree Falls. Meadows E. of Etna. 
 E. of Levanna. Venice. 
 
 361. T. trifoliatum, Gray, var. apterum, Gr. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods and open thickets ; common. May 20-June. 
 
 The form with winged fruit has not been found. 
 
 154. Selinum, Linn. 
 
 362. S. Canadense, Michx. ( Conioselinuni canadense, T. and Gr.) 
 
 Hemlock-Parsley. (C.by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Not rare ; on dripping shaded cliffs in all larger glens. Aug.- 
 Sept. 
 
 Also in cold swamps and marshes, as Fir-tree Swamp, Freeville ; 
 and along Mud Cr. Beaver Cr. and Round Marsh. Michigan Hol- 
 low. The swamp habitat is the usual one given in manuals and 
 catalogues, but Macoun mentions it as on the sea-cliffs of Gaspe. 
 {Cat. of Canad. PI.) 
 
 155. Levisticum, Koch. 
 
 363. L. officinale, Koch. Lovage. 
 
 Roadsides ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Near McKinney’s. Beyond Geer’s Gulf, Enfield. Kings Ferry. 
 Newfield, toward Saxon Hill. 
 
 156. Archangelica, Hoffm. 
 
 364. A. hirsuta, Torr. and Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, especially on the hills ; frequent but scattered. Aug. 
 Case. Woods and near all the ravines. Dart Woods. Turkey Hill. 
 
 Pinnacles in Caroline and Danby. Newfield Hills. 
 
 365. A. atropurpurea,, Hoffm. GREAT ANGELICA. (C.) 
 
 Marshes and lake-shore ; frequent. June 15-July. 
 
 Indian Spr. Marsh. South of Ithaca. Mud Cr. Beaver Cr. 
 Cayuga Lake shore, often in sand. 
 
 157. Peucedanum, Linn. 
 
 366. P. sativum, Benth. and Hook. {Pastinaca sativa L. Wild 
 
 Parsnip. (C.) 
 
 Waste places and along streams ; common. June-Sept. 
 
 158. HERACLEUM,Linn. 
 
 367. H. lanatum, Michx. Cow-Parsnip. (H. and C.) 
 
 Alluvial soil ; not common. June, July. 
 
 Indian Spr. Marsh. South of Ithaca, not uncommon up the Ne- 
 gusena valley to Newfield. Occasional along the lake shore. 
 
 159. Daucus, Tourn, 
 
 368. D. Carota, L. Wild Carrot. (C.) 
 
 Dry fields, and creek beds ; becoming common. June-Sept. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 4i 
 
 Heustis St. Six Mile Creek valley, very common. Turkey Hill, 
 Lansing, and common on sandy shores of the lake. 
 
 ARALIACEiE. 
 
 160. Araeia. 
 
 A. spinosa, L. Hercules Ceub. Occasionally spreads from the. 
 roots, beyond yards where it is cultivated ; as near Judd’s Falls. 
 Aug. 
 
 369. * A. racemosa, L. Spikenard. White-root. (H. and C.) 
 
 In ravines and shaded hollows ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 370. A. hispida, Michx. Bristey Sarsaparieea. 
 
 ' (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Dry banks ; infrequent. June 20-July 20. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. south of Green Tree Falls. W. Dryden. Mallory- 
 ville. South of Woodwardia Sw. North of Summit Marsh. Near 
 Montezuma Marshes, ( Dr . 6". H. Wright . ) 
 
 371. A. nudicaulis, L. Wied Sarsaparieea. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wooded banks ; common. May. 
 
 Specimens from South Hill, 1883, ( F \ T. Wilson,) show many ad- 
 ventive, pedicelled flowers at the forks of the corymb, amounting 
 in one case to a full sessile umbel. 
 
 372. * A. quinquefolia, Gray. Ginseng. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods, scattered ; but a few plants exist in almost every 
 
 extensive woods, or ravine. June 20-July. 
 
 Fall Cr. , below the ‘ ‘ Primrose Cliffs. ’ ’ Six Mile Cr. Ravines of 
 the lake-shore, and rich woods in Danby, Caroline and Newfield, 
 and about Freeville and McLean. 
 
 373. *A. trifolia, Gray. Dwarf-ginseng. (H. and C .) 
 
 Rich woods and thickets ; frequent. May. 
 
 CORNACEjE. 
 
 161. Cornus, Toum. 
 
 374. C. Canadensis, L. Bunch-berry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold woods and borders of sphagnum swamps ; common. June- 
 
 July. 
 
 Fall Cr., north of the Physical Laboratory, a few. West of Varna. 
 Common in Dart Woods, Ellis Hollow, and the Freeville and Danby 
 swamps. A specimen from Freeville, 1880, shows a partially com- 
 pound umbel, groups of flowers being on short peduncles and sur- 
 rounded by partial involucres. 
 
 375. * C. florida, L. Feowering-dogwood. 
 
 Woods ; frequent. May. 
 
 376. C. circinata, L’Her. Round-EEAved D. 
 Ravines and high hills ; frequent. June 15-30. 
 
 377. C. sericea, L. Sieky D. 
 
 Low grounds ; common. June 12-30. 
 
 378. C. stolonifera, Michx. Red Osier. 
 
 Low grounds ; common. May 25-June 20. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 (H. and C.) 
 (H. and C.) 
 (H. and C.) 
 
42 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 This species and the preceding occasionally bloom a second time, 
 in Aug. or Sept. 
 
 379. C. paniculata, L’Her. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillsides and near marshes ; abundant. June 25-July. 
 
 380. C. alternifolia, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; common. June. 
 
 162. Nyssa, L. 
 
 381. N. multiflora, Wang. PeppERIDGE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and borders of the great marshes ; scarce. June. 
 
 Small trees near Fall Cr., north of Beebe Pond. Six Mile Cr., 
 
 north of Well Falls. South Hill toward Caroline. A few large 
 trees south of Coy Glen, and the Hardenburg Gulf ; also on west 
 shore of Cayuga Lake ; the east shore in Lansing, and on the west 
 side of Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIACE.dE. 
 
 163. Sambucus, Tourn. 
 
 382. S. racemosa, L. (S. pubens , Mx.) R ed-berried Eeder. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and gravejly banks in the hill-towns ; frequent. Maj’. 
 
 383. * S. Canadensis, L. Common Eeder. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and hedges ; frequent. July 1-20. 
 
 164. Viburnum, Linn. 
 
 384. V. lantanoides, Michx. HobbeE-bush. (C. by Dr. Wright.; 
 
 Cold woods and swamps, where it is common. May 10-30. 
 
 Fall Creek, west of the Cold-spring, and of the Primrose cliffs. 
 Six Mile Creek, and other ravines. Very abundant in the remote 
 swamps. 
 
 385. * V. Opulus, L. Cranberry-tree. (H. and C.) 
 
 Indigenous in deep swamps ; scarce. June. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Round Marshes. Fir-tree Swamp at Free- 
 ville. Michigan Hollow. Cayuta Lake Swamp. Probably intro- 
 duced near the Valentine Brook, north of Pleasant Grove Brook, 
 and on Lockwood’s Flats. 
 
 386. V. acerifolium, L, MapeE-UEaved Arrow-wood. (H.andC.) 
 
 Dry woods, chiefly ; common. June. 
 
 387. V. pubescens, Pursh. Downy Arrow-wood. (C.) 
 
 Rocky banks ; frequent. June 5-15. 
 
 South of Morrill Hall. Fall Cr., and all ravines. Especially 
 abundant on the lake shore north of King’s Ferry. 
 
 388. V. dentatum, L. Arrow-wood. 
 
 Low grounds ; common. June. 
 
 389. V. cassinoides, L. ( V. nudum , L. var. cassinoides. Gray’s 
 
 Man., p. 206.) WiTHE-ROD. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps, where it is frequent. June. 
 
 Larch Meadow. South Hill Marsh. Locke Pond, and all the 
 marshes of Dry den and Groton and Danby. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 43 
 
 390. V. Lentago, L. SwEET Viburnum. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and low grounds ; frequent. May 15-30. 
 
 165. Triosteum, Linn. 
 
 391. *T. perfoliatum, L. FEVER-WORT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky open pastures and hedges ; frequent. June. 
 
 North of Fall Cr. South of Six Mile Creek mill-pond, and else- 
 where. 
 
 166. LlNN^EA, Gronov. 
 
 392. L. borealis, Gronov. Twin-flower. Linn^Ea. (C.) 
 
 Banks, and borders of marshes under Pities or Hemlocks. June. 
 
 Sparingly in Cascadilla Woods ; north of Forest Home ; near 
 
 Buttermilk Falls ; Ludlowville, (Mr. Lord ) ; south banks of Taug- 
 haunock, and Trumansburg ravines ; near summit of Saxon Hill ; 
 Fir-tree swamp, S. E. of Danby ; island in Summit Marsh, and E. 
 of Freeville sphagnum bog. Ledyard (Herb. J. J. Thomas .) 
 
 167. Symphoricarpus, Dill. 
 
 393. S. racemosus, Michx. Snow-berry. (C.) 
 
 Ravines, rocky places and roadsides ; infrequent. July. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. Enfield ravine. Cayuga Lake shore, etc., possibly 
 adventive. 
 
 394. S. racemosus, Mx., var. pauciflorus, Robbins. 
 
 Rocky banks of large ravines and Cayuga L-, where it is abund- 
 ant. June 20-July 20. 
 
 Clearly an indigenous form. Fall Cr., below Ithaca Fall. Taug- 
 hannock ravine. Cayuga L., rather common, especially on the 
 east-shore cliffs from Mc’Kinney’s to Levanna. 
 
 [S. vuegaris, Michx. Indian Currant. Borders of Seneca Lake, 
 (Sartwell in Herb.), “ probably introduced,” — (S. H. Wright.) 
 
 168. Lonicera, Linn. 
 
 395. L. xylosteum, L. Fly-honeysuckle (of Europe.) 
 
 South Hill by the R. R., near North Quarry, 1880, (F. C. Curtice)\ 
 Also south of the Quarry, a quarter of a mile from the first station , 
 1884. 
 
 396. L. oblongifolia, Muhl. Swamp Fly-honeysuckle. (H.andC.) 
 
 Deep swamps ; rare. June 1-20. 
 
 Sparingly in Michigan Hollow swamp, near the Rhododendro 7 i ; 
 Sw. at the head of Locke Pond. (Dr. Ch. Atwood.) (Otter Cr., 
 Cortland.) Lowery’s pond, Junius. (Tamarack Sw., west of Sa- 
 vannah.) 
 
 397. * L. ciliata, Muhl. Fly-honeysuckle. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ravines and damp woods ; common. May. 
 
 398. L. Tartarica, L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. 
 
 Pastures and banks ; becoming frequent. May 25-June 15. 
 
 South Hill, near the V Incline ” and R. R.; very abund. Also in 
 Case. Cr., Fall Cr., and frequent on shore of Cayuga L. On Fron- 
 tenac Island are specimens with white flowers and salmon-colored 
 berries. 
 
44 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 399. L. SEMPERVIRENS, L. 
 
 South Hill, beyond the “Incline,” (1883-85), borders of a thicket 
 in a rocky pasture ; probably introduced. July, Aug. 
 
 400. L. hirsuta, Baton. Hairy Honeysuckle. (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist copses ; rare. June. 
 
 Freeville, west of the Southern Cent. R. R. North of Summit 
 M. (Woods south of Spencer Sta., Tioga Co. ) Our forms are all 
 less hairy than the more northern ones. 
 
 401. L. glauca, Hill. ( L . parvijlora, Bam., Man., p. 204.) Small 
 
 Honeysuckle. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky banks and slops ; frequent. May 10-June 10. 
 
 A form occurs sparingly on the High Cliffs north of King’s Ferry 
 bearing pure yellow flowers, but otherwise like the type. 
 
 402. A form of (401) — possibly a variety — occurs in the old woods on 
 our higher and more remote hills, having leaves mostly distinct ex- 
 cepting the upper pair, green and smooth above, underneath less 
 glaucous than in the type, and more or less hairy. The ovaries and 
 peduncles are somewhat glapdular when young, when mature only 
 slightly hairy, and in color orange-red. Flowers not yet seen. 
 Possibly this formed a part of the old var. Douglassii of L. parvi- 
 jlora. 
 
 169. Diervilla, Tourn. 
 
 403. D. trifida,Mcench. Bush Honeysuckle. 
 
 Dry woods, and rocky banks of ravines ; frequent. June. 
 
 RUBIACE/E. 
 
 170. Houstonia, Iyinn. 
 
 404. H. cserulea, L. BLUETS. INNOCENCE. Wild-FORGET-ME-noT. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Damp meadows and pastures ; local. May-Oct. 
 
 South Hill, extending ]/ 2 to 1 mile in every direction from South 
 Hill Marsh. 
 
 H. purpurea, L., var. longifolia, Gray, appeared on the Fiske- 
 McGraw grounds, 1884. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 1 7 1. Cephalanthus, Linn. 
 
 405. *C. occidentalis, Iy. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps ; frequent, Indian Spring Marsh, etc. Aug. 
 
 172. MiTCHELLA, Iyinn. 
 
 406. . *M. repens, L. Partridge-berry. Souaw-plum. One- 
 berry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; common. June 25-July 25. 
 
 Form with leafy berries, Case. Cr. {Mr. Lord , 1880.) 1881 ! near 
 Brookton, 1881. (for figures of these specimens, see Bulletin Torr. 
 Botan. Club , Vol. X, pi. XXVI, Jan. 1883.) Form with white ber- 
 ries, Round Marsh woods, 1883, ( O . E. Pearce.) 
 
 173. Galium, Linn. 
 
 407. G. Aparine, L. CLEAVERS. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and damp thickets ; abundant. May. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 45 
 
 408. G. pilosum, Ait. 
 
 Dry banks ; rare. July. 
 
 Wild bank in the rear of the Valley Cemetery. Junius, near 
 ponds, and S. W. ; also in Sartwell Herb, from “Junius.” 
 
 409. G. circaezans, Michx., (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 410. G. lanceolatum, Torr. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and ravines ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 41 1. G. boreale, L. Northern Bedstraw. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky banks and slopes ; common. June-July. 
 
 Particularly abundant, South Hill and the lake shore. 
 
 412. G. trifidum, L. Small B. (H. andC.) 
 
 Wet places and marshes. Near Cayuga L., etc.; common. June- 
 
 July. 
 
 413. G. trifidum, L. var. pusillum, Gray. (H.) 
 
 Sphagnum marshes and*on Ithaca marsh ; frequent. 
 
 414. G. trifidum, L. var. latifolium, Torr. (H.) 
 
 Marsh near the lake ; near Kings Ferry ; scarce. 
 
 415. G. asprellum, Michx. Rougher B. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 416. G. trifiorum, Michx. SwEET B. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 VALERI AN ACEiE. 
 
 174. Valeriana, Tourn. 
 
 417. V. officinalis, L. Garden Valerian. 
 
 Escaped, near Locke Pond ; and north of Taughannock ravine in 
 woods where it has bloomed many years. June. 
 
 418. V. sylvatica, Banks. Sphagnum sw ., June; in Herb, of J.J. 
 Thomas , from Junius ; probably 1827. The usual statement is that 
 this rare plant was first detected in New York, in Savannah, Wayne 
 Co., by Dr. Sartwell, 1833. (See Gray hi New and Rare PI. of N. 
 Y, p. 226. ) The only other N. Y. stations as yet reported are : 
 north of Newark, Wayne Co., [Mr. Hankenson ); W. Bergen Sw.; 
 Warren, Herkimer Co.; and Pine Plains, Dutchess Co. 
 
 175. Valerianella, Tourn. 
 
 419. V. olitoria, Poll. {Fedia olitoria, Vahl.) Corn Salad. 
 
 On Frontenac Id. Cayuga L. {Mrs. Prof. S. f. Brun , in 1882)! 
 Rare. May. 
 
 [V. chenopodifolia, DC. {Fedia Fagopyrum , T. and Gr.) is in Herb. 
 Sartwell , from Penn Yan.] 
 
 DIPSACEiE. 
 
 176. Dipsacus, Tourn. 
 
 420. * D. SYLVESTRIS, Mill. TEASEL. 
 
 Roadsides and fields ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 177. Scabiosa, Finn. 
 
 421. S. australis, Wulf. Scabious. 
 
 Wet, often marshy places ; introduced and local. Aug-Oct. 
 
46 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Near Cayuga Lake from Union Springs south to Farley’s Point 
 and Lockwood’s Flats. Marsh north of village ; and on Frontenac 
 Id.; abundant within the limits. Scabiosa differs from Dipcacus, 
 chiefly in the scales of the receptacle, which are either not prickly 
 or reduced to hairs. 
 
 S. austraeis, Wulf., is a perennial herb, meter in height, with 
 
 few opposite branches forming a corymb. Radical leaves spatulate ; 
 cauline opposite, lower oblanceolate and tapering into a petiole, up- 
 per linear-lanceolate and sessile, entire, obtuse or acute, glabrous or 
 slightly hairy on the veins; light green. Heads on long peduncles 
 globular or oblong (i^ cm.), flowers small, cerulean blue. Involu- 
 cel, glabrous, 4-lobed ; lobes short , obtuse ; calyx-lobes not extend- 
 ing into bristles. Detected Aug. 1881. The history of its intro- 
 duction (in this the only station in America so far as I know), is 
 clearer than in most such cases ; for in the Herb, of Prof’r J. J. 
 Thomas are specimens taken from his father’s garden, where it was 
 cultivated fifty years ago. The garden was back from the lake only 
 a mile or two. 
 
 COM POSIT AE. 
 
 178. Mikania, Willd. 
 
 422. M. scandens, Willd. 
 
 In thickets, and on wild grasses; only along the Cayuga Marshes, 
 where it is frequent. Aug. 
 
 179. Eupatorium, Tourn. 
 
 423. * E. purpureum, L. TrumpeT-wEED. Purpee Thorough- 
 
 worT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; one of the commonest weeds. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 424. E. sessilifolium, L. (C.) 
 
 Declivities of ravines and lake shores ; scarce. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. below Ithaca Fall. Near the “ Nook.” Cayuga L. South 
 of Shurgur’s Glen, and north of Myers Pt. Enfield ravine. 
 
 425. * E. perfoliatum, L. BonESET. ThoroughworT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 426. * E. ageratoides, L. f. White SnakE-ROOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods in shade ; abundant. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 [Liatris scariosa is in Sartwell's Cat., 1844.] 
 
 180. Soeidago, Linn. Goeden Rod. 
 
 427. S. squarrosa, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods and banks ; frequent. Sept. 
 
 All our ravines, and especially abundant 011 banks of Cayuga L. 
 
 428. S. caesia, L- (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; common, (the var. axillaris , Gray, frequent.) Sept. 
 
 429. S. latifolia, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sides of ravines, shaded wet places ; not uncommon. Sept. 
 
 430. S. bicolor, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and woods ; common. Sept. 
 
 [? S.odora, Ait.; “rocky banks of Seneca L. VaseyA See Paine’s C. 
 P- 94 -] 
 
THE CA YUG A FL ORA . 
 
 47 
 
 431. S. uliginosa, Nutt. ( 5 . stricta of Gray’s Man., p. 240.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; where it is frequent. Sept. 
 
 The strict form occurring at Larch Meadow and the Round 
 Marshes. A more thyrsoid form in Round Marshes and along Mud 
 Cr. Some of the latter can scarcely be distinguished from N. neg- 
 lecta except the racemes are not secund. 
 
 432. S. patula, Muhl. (C.) 
 
 Wet places and marshes ; common. Sept. 
 
 433. S. rugosa, Mill. (N. altissima, L . of Gray’s Man., p. 243.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of woods and thickets ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Cascadilla Woods near the Armory. South Hill. Freeville and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 434. S. ulmifolia, Muhl. (H.) 
 
 Ravines and declivities ; scarce. Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. Near sand-bank north of Fall Cr. Mills. Somewhat 
 abund. north of Myers Point. South of Willet’s Sta. Big Gully. 
 
 435. S. negle< 5 ta, Torr. and Gray. H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; scarce. Sept. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Round Marshes. 
 
 436. S. neglecfta, T. and Gr. var. linoides, Gray. ( 5 . linoides , Sol. 
 Man., p. 243.) 
 
 Newton’s Ponds. Lowery’s Ponds, Junius. (Same station by 
 Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 437. S. arguta, Ait. (The Solidago Muhlenbergii , T. and Gr. of 
 
 Man., p. 243.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Sides of ravines and along the lake ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 In sphagnum swamps it becomes variable, its .leaves often rough- 
 ish above. 
 
 438. S. juncea, Ait. (The 6*. arguta of Gray’s Man., p. 243.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks, borders of woods ; common. July 20- Aug. 
 
 The handsomest and one of the earliest Golden-rods. The nar- 
 row leaved form along the lake blooms earliest. Occasionally it 
 grows and blooms in the crevices of the Tully limestone, at the 
 height of 8-12 cm. 
 
 439. S. serotina, Ait. ( Solidago gigantea , Ait, of Man., p. 245.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of woods ; common. An early bloomer. July 15-Aug. 
 
 440. S. serotina, Ait., var. gigantea, Gray, (the 5 . serotina of Man., 
 
 P- 245.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Often on marshes, also damp fields ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 South Hill. Inlet Marsh. Summit Marsh. Near Black Lake. 
 Dryden L. valley and elsewhere. 
 
 441. S. Canadensis, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 * Fields and thickets, etc. ; very common and late blooming. Sept.- 
 Oct. 
 
 Below Sheldrake are specimens with smooth leaves. 
 
48 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 442. S. nemoralis, Ait. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. Sept. 
 
 443. S. Ohioensis, Riddell. 
 
 Sphagnum marsh, about Newton’s and Fowery’s Ponds, Junius. 
 Aug. 20-Sept. 20. 
 
 “Junius,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) Somewhat abund. at this sta- 
 tion. Probably West Bergen Sw. is the only other station in the 
 State. 
 
 444. S. lanceolata, F- (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Fow places in fields ; scarce. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 South Hill south of S. S. 420. White Church. Near Summit 
 Marsh. Dryden Fake. Mud Cr. Focke Pond. Groton. (F. C. C. 
 and F. L. K.) Not yet found on the western hills of our Flora. 
 Beeeis, Tourn. 
 
 B. perennis, F. Engeish Daisy. Spontaneous on Mr. Ford’s lawn 
 several years. 
 
 181. Sericocarpus, Nees. 
 
 445. S. conyzoides, Nees. WhiTE-Topped-aster. (H. and C.) 
 Dry woods near ravines, etc. ; not uncommon. Aug. 
 
 182. Aster, Finn. Aster. 
 
 446. A. corymbosus, Ait. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hedges and thickets ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 447. A. macrophyllus. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along brooks and in rich woods ; abundant. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 448. A. Novae Angliae, F. New England Aster. (H and C.) 
 Hillsides and along streams ; a very abundant, late bloomer. 
 
 Sept. 1 2— Oct. 
 
 449. A. Novae Angliae, F. var. roseus, Gr. 
 
 Abund. on South Hill. Near Case. Cr. and Union Springs; a form 
 with light pink flowers at Union Springs. 
 
 450. var. with light blue flowers at Union Springs. South of Fevan- 
 na. Near Osmun’s Sta. 
 
 451. A. undulatus, F. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 452. A. cordifolius, F. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 453. A. sagittifolius, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of Cayuga F. Sept.-Nov. 
 
 This species is abundant from Esty Glen to Union Springs, entire- 
 ly replacing in some sections, A. cordifolius. Very rarely found 
 away from the shore. 
 
 454. A. laevis, F. (C.) 
 
 Woods and especially abund. on lake shore ; common. Sept.- 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Sometimes with very glaucous leaves, (the typical form) ; some- 
 times leaves bright green. 
 
 455. A. ERICOIDES. F. 
 
 Dry soil ; local, probably introduced here. Sept.-Oct. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 49 
 
 By R. R. east of Freeville. By R. R. south of W. Danby. 
 
 456. A. vimineus, Lam. ( A . Tradescanti of Man., p. 232, for most 
 part.) 
 
 Low grounds and woods as Case. Cr. Fall Cr. and Freeville ; fre- 
 quent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 457. A. diffusus, Ait. (A. miser , L. of Man., for most part.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods. South Hill. Freeville ; type not very common. Aug.- 
 Sept. 
 
 45S. A. diffusus, Ait. var. thyrsoideus, Gray ; occurs near shore of 
 Cayuga L. South of Lake Ridge and in woods on Utts Point. 
 
 459. A. diffusus, Ait. var. hirsuticaulis, Gray; (believed by Dr. Gray 
 to be nearest this,) occurs in Fall Creek and Freeville, while a more 
 pronounced form grows at Mud Cr. 
 
 460. A. Tradescanti, L. {A tenuifolius , of Man., p. 233 in part.) 
 
 Cayuga L. shore ; not common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 Farley’s Point. Near U. Springs depot. Lake Ridge Pt. 
 
 461. A. paniculatus, Lam. (A. carneus, Neesand^L simplex , Willd, 
 
 of Man., p. 233, mainly.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; very common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 The forms with large whitish or bluish-white heads, dark-green 
 thin, serrate leaves and widely branching stems seem to be the typical 
 ones. It is excessively variable but one of the commonest species 
 in this region. 
 
 462. A. junceus, Ait. (A. ezstivus of Man., p. 233 mainly.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; infrequent. July 20-Sept. 15. 
 
 A handsome Aster , in the Round Marshes and open bogs in 
 Gracie’s Sw. Near “ Marl-Ponds.” Fleming Meadow, and Cayuta 
 Lake. 
 
 463. A. Novi-Belgii, L. ? 
 
 Fleming Meadow. 
 
 464. A. prenanthoides, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places and swamps ; common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 465. A. puniceus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and along streams ; common. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 Form with white flowers, near Forest-Home, {Dr. Jordan.) 
 
 466. A. puniceus, L. var. laevicaulis, Gray. 
 
 A well-marked form near R. R. north of Ludlowville, and near 
 canal E. of Montezuma. 
 
 467. A. puniceus, L. var. with purple stems, nearly smooth, and flow- 
 ers pinkish. 
 
 Near Union Springs, Round Marsh, Freeville and Mud Creek. 
 
 468. A. umbellatus, Mill. (. Diplopappus umbellatus , Torr. and Gr.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and near sphagnum swamps ; abund. Aug. -Sept. 
 
50 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 469. A. acuminatus, Michx. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold elevated woods and ravines usually. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., arid woods and ravines in Newfield, Danby, Caroline 
 and Dryden ; only common in tracts recently cleared. 
 
 i82 a . Erigeron, Linn. 
 
 470. E. bellidifolius, Muhl. Robins-peantain. (H.andC.) 
 
 Grassy banks ; frequent. May 15-June 2. 
 
 471. E. Philadelphicus, L,. Pink Feeabane. (H. and C.) 
 
 Grassy banks ; often on wet rocks of ravines ; frequent. June. 
 
 472. E. annuus, Pers. Taee-daisy. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Nov. 
 
 473. E. strigosus, Muhl. Daisy FeEabane. (H. and C). 
 
 Field ; common. July-Nov. 
 
 Near Union Springs, Round-Marsh, Freeville and Mud Creek. . 
 
 474. E. Canadensis, L. HORSEWEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and waste places ; common. Aug. -Nov. 
 
 183. Antennaria, Gsertn. 
 
 475. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. Peantain-eEAVED Evereasting. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks, and wet sandy fields ; common. April-May. 
 
 184. Anaphaeis, DC. 
 
 476. A. margaritacea, Benth. and Hook. {Antennaria margaritacea, 
 
 R. Br.) PEAREY Evereasting. (H and C.) 
 
 Near ravines, and fields on high hills where it is common. Aug.- 
 Sept. 
 
 185. Gnaphaeium, Linn. 
 
 477. G. polycephalum, Michx. (H and C.) 
 
 Dry woods ; not common. Sept. 
 
 Case. Woods. Fall Cr. Near Ludlowville. W. Danby, on the 
 pinnacles. Enfield ravine. 
 
 478. G. decurrens, Ives. Common Evereasting. (H. and C.) 
 Woods and old fields ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 479. *G. uliginosum, L. Cudweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places and shores ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 Specimens from Cortland Marl-Ponds, less than 1 cm. tall, but 
 fruiting. 
 
 [Gnaphalium purpurem, L., in Sartwell’s Herb, and Cat., from Penn 
 Yan.] 
 
 186. Inuea, Linn. 
 
 480. * 1 . HeeEnium, L. Eeecampane. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pastures and along streams ; frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 187. Poeymnia, Linn. 
 
 481. P. Canadensis, L. LEAF-CUP. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich or rocky soil ; infrequent. Aug. 
 
 Negundo Woods. Ravine of Ferris Brook. North Pinnacle in 
 Caroline. Cedar swamp in Tyre. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 51 
 
 482. P. Uvedalia, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Salmon Cr. ravine, below the spring. Big Gully, above the Falls. 
 (E. of Belloua, .S'. H. Wright . ) 
 
 188. Ambrosia, Tourn. 
 
 483. A. trifida, L. Great Rag-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Near streams, in rich soil ; common. July, Aug. 
 
 484. A. artemisaefolia, L. Ragweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; very common. July-Oct. 
 
 189. Xanthium, Tourn. 
 
 485. X. Canadense, Mill. CockeE-bur. (H. and C.) 
 
 Streams and shores ; common. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 4S5. X. Canadense, Mill, var. echinatum, Gray. 
 
 Same range ; common. 
 
 Zinnia eeegans, L., occasionally escapes ; as on banks of Fall Cr., 
 1882 ; and roadside on the marsh. 
 
 190. Heeiopsis, Pers. 
 
 487. H. laevis, Pers. Ox-eye. (H. and C.) 
 
 Alluvial soil, where it is very abundant. July i-Oct. 
 
 Very abundant along the lake, its marshes, and the Neguaena val- 
 ley ; also Fall Cr. at Freeville. Six Mile Cr. and elsewhere. 
 
 191. Rudbeckia, Linn. 
 
 488. R. hirta, L. Yeeeow Daisy. Ox-eye Daisy. Cone-feower. 
 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Fields ; frequent and becoming a weed. July- Aug. 
 
 489. R. laciniata, L. ConE-FEOWER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Creeks, marshes and swamps ; frequent. Aug. i-Sept. 30. 
 
 192. Heeianthus, Linn. 
 
 H. annuus, L-, the great “Sunfeower” occasionally appears in 
 waste places, but is not permanent. 
 
 490. H. divaricatus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and woods; common; rarely with three leaves in a 
 
 whorl. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 [H. divaricatus, “var. foliis-ternatis, Torr. and Gray,” at Penn Van, 
 (in Herb. Sartwell.)'] 
 
 491. H. strumosus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, or shaded rich soil ; abundant. Aug. -Sept. 20. 
 
 A stout, broad and hairy leaved form, south of Ithaca and near 
 Cayuga Bridge. A form with narrowly lanceolate leaves, near 
 King’s Ferry and Lockwood’s Flats ; the same in Herb, of J. J. 
 Thomas, as H. tracheliifolius. 
 
 492. H. decapetalus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods or ravines ; frequent. Aug. 15-Sept. 
 
 493. H. tuberosus, L. Jerusaeem- Artichoke. (H. and C.) 
 
 Alluvial ground or shores ; not uncommon. Sept. 
 
52 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Fall Creek above. Beebe Pond, (apparently indigenous), and 
 Six Mile Cr. The escaped hairy form, near Ithaca and Cayuga L. 
 shore, on Lockwood’s Flats and elsewhere. 
 
 [H. giganteus, L. at “ P. Yan,” Sartwell in H.~\ 
 
 [A<ftinomeris squarrosa, Nutt. Borders of Crooked Lake, Yates Co. 
 Sartwell in Herb ., also in Torrey's Flora of N. Y, I, p. 384.] 
 
 193. Coreopsis, Linn. 
 
 494. C. trichosperma, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Specimen in herb., from head of Cayuga Lake, Oct., 1879, 
 (F. C. Curtice.) 
 
 495. C. discoidea, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Exsiccated places ; scarce. Sept. -Oct. 
 
 On old logs, shores of Dryden L. Near Cayuga L., on the Marsh. 
 (Hybrids between this and Bidens frondosa , L., have been collected 
 at Cascade, Owasco L. ) 
 
 194. Bidens, Tourn. 
 
 496. B. frondosa, L. Common Beggar-Ticks. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and waste places ; common. Aug.-Oct. 
 
 497. B. connata, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along creeks, rich soil ; abundant. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 498. B. connata, Muhl., var. comosa, Gray. 
 
 Common along Salmon Cr. and Myers Pt. ; also, Sheldrake Pt. 
 
 499. B. cernua, L. 
 
 Wet places, shores and bottom of ravines ; frequent. Sept., Oct. 
 At Marl Ponds, Cortland, it fruits at heighth of 7-12 cm. Junius, 
 {Sartwell in H. and C. ) 
 
 .500. B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. (H.andC.) 
 
 Marshes and ditches ; common. Aug.-Oct. 
 
 301. B. bipinnata, L. Spanish NeedeES. 
 
 Rare as yet. Lake Ridge Pt., 1880. “ Ovid,” {S. H. IV.) Aug.- 
 
 Oct. 
 
 ,502. B. Beckii, Torr. Water Marigoed. 
 
 Still, shallow ponds ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Locke Pond, 1881. (Pond at Homer, Mr. Lord. Mill-pond at 
 Cortland. Dr. Ch. Atwood.) Cayuta L- in N. W. part. 
 
 195. Heeenium, Linn. 
 
 503. H. autumnale, L- Sneeze-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Alluvial soil ; frequent. Aug. 20-Oct. 
 
 Fall Cr., and elsewhere ; particularly abundant on Cayuga 
 Marshes. 
 
 196. Anthemis, Linn. 
 
 504. A. Cotuea, L. ( Maruta Cotula, L.) May-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 A common weed. Aug.-November. 
 
 505. A. arvensis, L. Corn-chamomieE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; becoming abund. near Ithaca and the lake. Beginning 
 
 to flower in June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 53 
 
 197. Achii/t^a, Vaill. 
 
 506. *A. millefolium, L. Yarrow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common, tlie pink flowered form at Ball Hill. July- 
 
 Nov. 
 
 198. Chrysanthemum, Toum. Leucanthemum, Tourn. 
 
 507. C. Leucanthemum, L. Daisy. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June-Nov. 
 
 508. C. Parthenium, Pers. Feverfew. 
 
 Thoroughly established throughout Stevens Woods on west shore 
 of Cayuga. Occasional near Inlet and in Ithaca. 
 
 199. TanaceTUM, Tourn. 
 
 509. T. vuegare, L. Tansy. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides, (the form “ var . crispum ” is also frequent.) July-Sept. 
 
 200. Artemisia, Tourn. 
 
 510. *A. Absinthium, L. Common Wormwood. (H. and C.) 
 By roadsides north of Willets Sta. formerly, (1879.) Aug. 
 
 51 1. *A. Abrotanum, L. Southern-wood. 
 
 In W. Junius, by road S. W. of the Pout Pond. 
 
 201. Tussieago, Tourn. 
 
 512. T. Farfara, Iy. Coets-foot. (H. and C.) 
 
 Damp, clay soil, and banks of streams ; common. April. 
 
 202. Petasites, Tourn. 
 
 513. P. palmata, Gray. {Nardosmia palmata, Hook.) SwEET CoeTS- 
 foot. 
 
 Near Buttermilk Cr., in amarsh south of “ Pulpit Rock”, ( G . IV. 
 Wood,) ! 1873. It continued till 1876, when it was destroyed by fell- 
 ing the trees which shaded it. Found in 1875 in a swamp neaa 
 Smith’s Corners, north of Cayuta D. This station was also destroyed 
 a few years ago in the same way. (“Dundee, Yates Co.” ►S’. H. 
 Wright , in Herb. Sartwell. Station is 2 m. E. of Dundee.) 
 
 203. Senecio. 
 
 514. *S. aureus, Iy. Goeden Rag-wort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet swamps; frequent. May 15-June. 
 
 515. S. vuegaris, D. Groundsee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Scarce. “Below Case. Place, by Farquahr ., 1869.” {Dr. Jor- 
 dan.) On theCampus, 1881, {F.L. K.) Itoccursnear Edgewood, near 
 the Armory, and on the Fiske-McGraw grounds. Aurora, by the 
 R R. 
 
 204. Erechthites, Raf. 
 
 516. E.hieracifoha, Raf. FlRE-WEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, fields and recently cleared land ; common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 205. Arctium, Linn. 
 
 517. * A. Lappa L. {Lappa officinalis, All., Man., p. 275.) Burdock. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 A weed ; common. Aug.-Nov. 
 
 518. A. Lappa, L. var. minus, Gr., is abundant on the lake shore. 
 
54 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 206. Cnicus, Tourn. ( Cirsium , DC. of Man.) 
 
 519. C. arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; excessively common. July-Oct. 
 
 520. C. arvensis, Hoff. var. aebifeorus, appears more and more 
 abundantly each year. 
 
 521. *C. eanceoeatus, Hoffm. Common Thistee. (H. and C.) 
 Fields ; common. Aug.-Oct. 
 
 522. C. pumilus, Torr. PASTURE ThisTEE. (H.andC.) 
 
 Pastures ; scarce. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 North of Fall Cr. South Hill. E. of the South Pinnacle in 
 Caroline. 
 
 523. C. altissimus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. ( Cirsium discolor , 
 
 Spring.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Univ. Grove, formerly. Near Indian Spring Marsh. Negundo 
 Woods. North of Levanna and Lockwood’s Flats. On banks ; 
 scarce. 
 
 524. C. muticus, Pursh. Swamp ThisTEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps ; frequent. Aug.-Oct. 
 
 [Onopordon AcanThium, L. Near Penn Yan, by S. H. Wright.] 
 [Sieybum Marianum, Gsertn. Also near Penn Yan, -by Wright.] 
 207. Echinops, Linn. 
 
 525. E. Ritro, L. Geobe Thistee. 
 
 Caroline Center, escaped from cult, and spreading rather freely, 
 along a brook. (F. T. Wilson , 1885.) 
 
 208. CentaurEa, Linn. 
 
 526. C. Cyanus, L. Corn-feower, (C.) 
 
 Campus. E. State street, Ithaca, and elsewhere, appearing almost 
 
 every year. In 1885, in a wheat field east of Case. Woods, many 
 specimens. ( F T. Wilson. )! 
 
 C. nigra, L. On the Campus near the McGraw building, 2875. 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 209. Cichorium, Tourn. 
 
 527. C. Intybus, L. Chiccory. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; not common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Has appeared on the Campus at intervals, but is established only 
 in fields north of Dryden Lake ; near Romulus Sta. ; by road west 
 of Enfield Falls, and on Crobar Point. 
 
 210. Tragopogon, Linn. 
 
 528. T. porrifoeius, L. Saesify. 
 
 Fields ; becoming frequent. July-Oct. 
 
 Campus, south of Sage Coll. Hazen St. Quarry St. South 
 Hill. Enfield, and elsewhere. 
 
 529. T. pratensis, L. Yeeeow Goat’s-beard. 
 
 South Hill. Near Levanna (1879.) Venice and Genoa, occasion- 
 al. A weed in farms west of Locke Pond., (Dr. C. Atwood.) ! 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 55 
 
 21 1. Hieracium, Tourn. 
 
 530 . H. AURANTIACUM, L- 
 
 Recently introduced. In 1885, a few specimens were found south 
 of Willow Pond race, (June 15) ; near Sw. 011 Owasco Hill in Ven- 
 ice ; near Caroline Center, (F. T. Wilson.) 
 
 531. H. Canadense, Michx. Canada HawkweED. (H. and C.) 
 
 I11 dry woods ; not rare. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Case. Woods. Fall Cr., near Cayuga L., and elsewhere. 
 
 532. H. paniculatum, L. (H.andC. ) 
 
 In woods ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 533. H. venosum, L. RaTTEESNAKE H. (H. and C.) 
 
 In dry woods ; common. June-July. 
 
 Certain forms with leaves cauline and scarcely purple-veined, 
 approach H. Marianum , Willd., but I do not think that species is 
 here. 
 
 534. H. scabrum, Michx. Rough H. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 535. *H. Gronovii, L., is in Dr. Thompson’s Cat., and is reported 
 from near Auburn by I. H. Hall. (See Paine's Cat ., p. 99.) It is 
 likely to occur in the sandy woods of Junius. 
 
 212. Prenanthes, Vaill. 
 
 536. P. alba, L. ( Nabalus albus, Hook). WhiTE-EETTUCE. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; abundant. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 A form in Cascadilla Woods has stem leaves deeply 3-5 parted 
 the lobes pinnatifid. 
 
 537. P. Serpentaria, Pursh. (N. Fraseri , DC.) Lion’s-foot. 
 
 Dry woods ; not uncommon. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 It occurs in the dry w r oods along all our ravines, and the pinna- 
 cles of Danby and Caroline. 
 
 538 . P. altissima, L. (N. altissimus, Hook.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist shaded soil ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 213. Taraxacum, Haller. 
 
 539. *T. officinale, Web. (T. Dens-leonis, Desf.) DandeEION. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; very common. Blooming from May till Dec. 
 
 214. Lactuca, Tourn. 
 
 540. L- scarioea. L. Prickey-eettuce. (H. and C.) 
 
 Gravelly field on Trumansburg Point. Cayuga L. A few rods south 
 
 of the landing, where it is abundant. Aug. 
 
 541. L. Canadensis, L. WiED LETTUCE. (H.andC.) 
 
 Rich soil and Cayuga L. shore ; abundant. July-Sept. 
 
 542. L. integrifolia, Bigelow. ( L . Canadensis , L. var. integrifolia, 
 
 T. and Gr.) (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Drier soil ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Brookton. Cayuga L- at Norton’s. Union Springs and Cayuga 
 Bridge. 
 
56 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 543. L. leucophaea, Gray. ( MulgecLium leucophceum , DC. Man., p. 
 
 282.) BLUE-LETTUCE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 L. sativa, L. (the Garden LETTUCE) often appears for a season 
 along roadsides near Ithaca. 
 
 215. Sonchus, Tourn. 
 
 544. *s. OEERACEUS, L- Sow-THISTEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places and roadsides ; abund. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 545. S. asper, Vill. Spring Sow-thistle. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides and especially frequent on Cayuga L. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 546. S. arvensis, L. Field Sow-thistle. 
 
 Meadows and shores ; frequent. July, -Sept. 
 
 The Mack Farm, south of Ithaca. Eddy St. Case. St., Ithaca. 
 Myers Pt. Sheldrake. Union Spr. and Cayuga. First reported 
 from N. Y. by Hon. H. B. Lord , “shores#/ Cayuga Lake A in 4th 
 Ed. Gray’s Man., (1863). Also from the same station, with “Roch- 
 ester, G. IV. C,” and “ Staten Id. T. F. A .,” added, in 18th N. Y. 
 Rep. p. 205, (1865.) Auburn, I. H. Hall, Paine’s Cat. (1864). Though 
 the flowers are handsome and fragrant, the strong perennial root- 
 stock is a pest in cultivated soils. 
 
 LOBELIACEiE. 
 
 216. Lobelia, Linn. 
 
 547. * L. cardinalis, L. CARDINAL-FLOWER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low meadows and borders of ponds ; frequent. July 2o.-Sept.‘ 
 
 Lakq marshes near Inlet and Fall Cr. Case. Cr. upper valley. 
 
 White Church valley and elsewhere. Especially abundant about 
 some of the Cortland Marl Ponds. Summit Marsh, and Cayuga 
 Marshes. 
 
 548. * L. syphilitica, L. GREAT BLUE-LOBELIA. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places ; abundant, Aug.-Sept. 
 
 A form with white flowers near Mud Cr., Freeville, (and near Penn 
 Yan, Sartwell Herb.) 
 
 549. * L. Kalmii, L. 
 
 Wet rocks and cliffs, in ravines ; where it is frequent. July. -Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. and Case. Cr. {Dr. Jordan)\ Six Mile Cr. Buttermilk 
 Cr. Enfield ravine. Taughannock ravine, Salmon Cr. ravine. A 
 stout strict form, often with bractlets near the base of short pedi- 
 cels, occurs on open marshes and limestone shores, as Larch 
 Meadow, and Farley’s Point, (see Paine’s Cat. p. 100, for apparent- 
 ly same form.) “Junius” ( Sartwell H. and C.)\ 
 
 550. * L. inflata, L. Indian Tobacco. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July Sept. 
 
 CAMPANULACE/E. 
 
 217. SpECULARIA, Heister, (A. DC.) 
 
 551. S. perfoliata, A. DC. VENUS’S LOOKING-GLASS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of dry fields and rocky banks ; frequent. June. -July. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 57 
 
 218. Campanula, Toum. 
 
 552. C. RAPUNCULOIDES, L. 
 
 Along creeks and gravelly roadsides ; frequent. June. -Aug. 
 Roadsides on E. Hill, and frequent. North of McLean, on Sny- 
 der Hill and in Six Mile Cr. 
 
 553. * C. rotundifolia, L. HAREBELL. 
 
 Cliffs ; frequent. (“Ithaca” in Sartwell Herb.) June-Oct. 
 
 554. C. aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh-bellflower. (H. and C.) 
 Marshes ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Larch Meadow and elsewhere. 
 
 555. C. Americana, L. TALL-BELLFLOWER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded banks ; rare. July 15- Aug. 
 
 Near the Indian Spring. Bank near S. W. corner of the lake. 
 (Near Seneca and Crooked Lakes, Sartwell ; and Conewango Cr. 
 P. D. K. see Flora of N. Y. I, p. 427.) 
 
 ERICACEZE. 
 
 219. Gaylussacia, H. B. K. 
 
 556. G. resinosa, Torr. and Gray. Black-huckleberry. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Frequent on the dry banks of ravines and high hills. May. 
 Rarely in marshes ; as South Hill Marsh, Woodwardia Sw. and 
 Newton’s Pond, Junius. Plants are poorly developed and fruit 
 small in this region. 
 
 fG. dumosa, and G. /rondos a in Sartw. Cat. 1844, are probably 
 mistakes.) 
 
 220. Vaccinium, Linn. 
 
 557. V. stamineum, L. DEER-BERRY. (H. and C.) 
 
 The half-evergreen woods of hills and ravine-banks ; frequent. 
 
 May-June. 
 
 558. V. Pennsylvanicum, L, Dwarf-blueberry. (H. and C.) 
 Dry woods or hillsides ; common. May. 
 
 Occasional in swampy tracts. 
 
 559. V. Pennsylvanicum, L. var. nigrum, Wood, occurs on the North 
 Pinnacle, Caroline. 
 
 560. V. Canadense, Kohm. Canada-bluEBERRY. 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; not common. June. 
 
 In the marshes of Freeville, McLean and Locke Pond. 
 
 561. V. vacillans, Soland. Low-blueberry. 
 
 Dry woods ; frequent, (fruit ripens in Aug. later than V. Penn- 
 sylvanicum) May. 
 
 562. V. corymbosum, L. S\VAMP-BLUEBERRY. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum marshes, and swamps, where it is frequent. May 25- 
 
 June. 
 
 563. V. corymbosum, L. var amcenum, Gray. In Malloryville Marsh. 
 
 564. V. corybosum, L. var. atrococcum, Gray, in Larch Meadow and 
 the Dryden Marshes. 
 
58 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 565. V. Oxycoccus, L. Smaee Cranberry. 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; not common. June-July. 
 
 Freeville, {Dr. Jordari)\ Malloryville. Round-Marshes. Sum- 
 mit Marsh. Tamarack sw., W. Junius. 
 
 566. V. macrocarpon, Ait. Cranberry. (H. and C. ; 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 221. Chiogenes, Salisb. 
 
 567. C. hispidula, Torr. and Gray. CREEPING-SNOWBERRY. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold sphagnum swamps ; scarce. May 15-30. 
 
 Brookton Springs. Fir-Tree swamp, S B. of Danby village. Mud 
 Cr., Freeville. Wyckoff’s Swamp, Groton. 
 
 222. ArcTostaphyeos, Adans. 
 
 568. A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. Bear-berry. 
 
 Banks of ravines ; rare, (very rarely flowering here.) May. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. (nearly extinct.) Taughannock, near R. R. where 
 it flowered, May 18, 1885. 
 
 223. Kpig^Ea, Linn. 
 
 569. * E. repens, L. Traieing-arbutus- MayfeoweR. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Gravelly slopes of ravines and moist sandy soil in woods ; abund- 
 ant. Apr. 15. -May 10. 
 
 This is usually abundant in mixed woods of Chestnut and Pine. 
 
 v 
 
 224. Gauetiera, Kalm. 
 
 570. * G. procumbens, L. WiNTERGREEN. Checkerberry. Tea- 
 
 BERRY. (H. and C 7 ) 
 
 Woods and margins of peat-bogs ; common. July. 
 
 225. Andromeda, Linn. 
 
 571. A. polifolia, L. 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; infrequent. May 15-30. 
 
 Malloryville marsh. Round-Marshes. Pond Marsh S. B. of Chi- 
 cago. Tamarack sw. in W. Junius. “Junius,” {Sartwell Herb, 
 and C.) 
 
 572. A. ligustrina, Muhl. 
 
 Hill slopes ; local and rare. June 15-30. 
 
 South Hill, in the marsh and mile south of the S. S. 420. Mr. 
 Co ville finds it in Chenango Co., and Knieskern gives it as “south- 
 ern counties” (in Sartwell’s Herb.) Our station is probably on its 
 western limits for N. Y. 
 
 226. Cassandra, Don. 
 
 573. C. calyculata, Don. LEATHER-EEAF. (H.andC.) 
 
 Marshes or wet shores ; not common. May 10--20. 
 
 Freeville, {Dr. Jordan — probably in Woodwardia Sw.) Mallory- 
 ville. Round-Marsh and Pond Marsh S. B. of Chicago Sta. Dry- 
 den Lake valley. Locke Pond. W. Junius Sw.! 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 59 
 
 227. Kalmia, Linn. 
 
 574. K. latifolia, L. Mountain-eauree. Ivy-bush. 
 
 Slopes of ravines and evergreen woods ; not common. June. 
 
 “Ithaca,” [Bradley, in SartwelVs Herb and C. ; probably at Fall 
 Creek, near the Fiske-McGraw grounds.) Sparingly in most of the 
 woods bordering the larger ravines. Formerly in Case. Woods. 
 On Newfield hills. Somewhat abundant in the great woods on the 
 west slope of Taft’s Hill, Caroline, and about the high cliffs or pin- 
 nacles at White Church. High hills at W. Danby. 
 
 575. K. angustifolia, L. ShEEP-EAUREE. 
 
 “Ithaca, Dr. Bradley ,” see Paine's Cat., p. 102. “Junius, Said- 
 well, ' ’ in Sartwell Herb. Possibly the Ithaca station was a mistake, 
 as it has not been observed by any one else. 
 
 228. Rhododendron, Linn. 
 
 576. R. nudiflorum, Torr. [Azalea nudiflora, L.) Pink-AzaeEA. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry hillside woods ; rarely in swamps ; frequent. May. 
 
 The swamp form occurs only at Michigan Hollow, and the Dry- 
 den-Lansing swamp, where it blooms tw r o or three weeks later than 
 the other. 
 
 577. R. maximum, L. Big Lauree. Rhododendron. 
 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Deep swamps ; rare. July. 
 
 In the middle of Michigan Hollow Swamp, Danby, over a space 
 30 meters by 10. Though abundant in Penn. , there are only about 
 a dozen reported stations in N. Y. . scattered from the Adirondacks 
 to Chautauqua Co. The station nearest to ours, a swamp at Italy 
 Hill, Yates, was detected by Dr. S. H. Wright (not Sartwell, as in 
 Paine’s Cat.) 
 
 229. Ledum, Linn. 
 
 578. L. latifolium, Ait. Labrador Tea. (H.andC.) 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; scarce. June 1-20. 
 
 Freeville, [Dr. Jordan, probably at Woodwardia Sw.)! Mallory - 
 ville Marsh. Round-Marshes. 
 
 230. Chimaphiea, Pursh. 
 
 579. C. umbellata, Nutt. Prince’s Pine. (Pipsissewa, of the South.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry or moist woods ; common. July 10-30. 
 
 580. C. maculata, Pursh. Spotted Prince’s Pine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods ; rare. July. 
 
 East shore of Cayuga L., Ledyard, 1827, [in Herb. J. J. Thomas , 
 “ very rare .”) Lansing, [F. B. Hine .) West Shore, in Bates 
 
 Woods, a few. 
 
 231. MONESES, Salisb. 
 
 581. M. uniflora, Gray. (H and C.) 
 
 Deep woods or shaded slopes ; rare. June 15-30. 
 
 Near Ludlowville, formerly, [Mr. Lord). Knoll near Ellis Hol- 
 low Sw. under hemlocks, formerly. 
 
6 o 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 232. Pyroea, Tourn. 
 
 582. P. secunda, E. (H. and C. 
 
 Evergreen woods ; abundant. July 1-20. 
 
 583. P. secunda, E-, var. pumila, in Paine’s Cat., p. 187. 
 
 Rare ; in the Fir-Tree swamp at Freeville. 
 
 584. P. chlorantha, Sw. (H. and C.) 
 
 Evergreen woods ; frequent. June 15-July 10. 
 
 Case. Woods, Fall Cr., and elsewhere, but only aTew in a single 
 locality. 
 
 585. P. elliptica, Nutt. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; abundant. July 10-30. 
 
 586. * P. rotundifolia, E. FAESE-wiNTERGREEN (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; abundant. July 10-30. 
 
 Occasionally (as on Thacher’s Pinnacle) specimens occur with 
 oblong leaves and mucronate anthers. (For corrected description 
 see Gray's Synopt. Flora . ) 
 
 587. P. rotundifolia, E-, var. uliginosa, Gray. 
 
 In the Tamarack Sw. S. E. of Savannah, Wayne Co. “Wayne 
 Co.,” (in Herb. Sartzvell.) 
 
 233. Pterospora, Nutt. 
 
 588. P. Andromedea, Nutt. PlNE-DROPS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry slopes of ravines, under Pines ; rare. July 15-Aug. 10. 
 
 Coy Glen, 1874. Woods north side of Buttermilk Glen, ( F H. 
 Severance , 1878; F. V. Coville.) Taughannock ravine, south side, 
 (F. C. Curtice , 1882.) Caroline, slope of North Pinnacle, ( 0 . E. 
 Pearce , 1885)! W. Danby, slope of Thacher’s Pinn. “Banks of 
 Seneca E-,” (Dr. Gray , in Torrey's Flora of N. Y.) 
 
 234. Monotropa, Finn. 
 
 589. * M. uniflora, E. Indian Pipe. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 590. M. Hypopitys, E. PiNE-SAP. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; infrequent. July- Aug. 
 
 Fall Creek woods, and very sparingly in most of the old rich 
 woods of mixed evergreen and hardwood. 
 
 PRIMULACEjE. 
 
 235. Primuea, Einn. 
 
 591. P. Mistassinica, Michx. Wied Primrose. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cliffs, in the crevices or wet moss ; rare. May 15-30. 
 
 Fall Creek, on the “Primrose Cliffs,” south side of Triphammer 
 ravine ; where it was detected by Dr. Jordan and the writer after it 
 had flowered, June, 1871. The high walls of the gray cliffs are pink 
 with it, when it is in bloom. It grows on the cliffs below, opposite 
 Rocky Falls (and the wheel-house.) Also south side of Taughan- 
 nock ravine (detected by Dr. C. Atwood, 1878)! Reported from only 
 three other principal stations in N. Y. : Along Fish Creek, Annsville, 
 north-east of Oneida E., where it was known many years ago by 
 Knieskern and Vasey, and is said to be abundant ; Deep ravine at 
 
THE CA YUGA FL ORA. 
 
 61 
 
 the head of Crooked or Keuka L., detected by Dr. Sartwell ; Cliffs 
 at Portage, Genesee R., found by the late Judge Geo. W. Clinton. 
 
 236. Trientalis, Rinn. 
 
 592. *T. Americana, Pursli. Star-flower. (H. and C.) 
 
 Its star-like flowers abundant in most of our cool woods and ra- 
 vines. May 20-June 10. 
 
 237. Steironema, Raf. 
 
 593. *S. ciliatum, Raf. {Lysimachia ciliata, L. ) (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and near streams ; frequent. July- Aug. 15. 
 
 238. Lysimachia, Tourn. Loosestrife. 
 
 594. * L. quadrifolia, L. (H. and C. 
 
 Thickets, slopes of ravines, etc.; frequent. June 10-30. 
 
 595. L. stri< 5 ta, Ait. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, and on the larger marshes ; frequent. July. 
 
 L. punctata, L., has been growing and slowly extending from the 
 root, for four years on South Hill, near upper Hudson Street. .July. 
 
 596. L. NUMMULARIA, L. 
 
 Established and rather abundant on Lockwood’s Flats. In Big 
 Gully. By the creek near Enfield Falls village. One mile north 
 of Enfield Falls. July. 
 
 597. L. thyrsiflora, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes in standing water ; infrequent. June. 
 
 Near Cayuga St., in Indian Spring Marsh, Danby swamp, on the 
 Sabin farm. Summit marsh. Round-Marshes. Dryden-Lansing 
 swamps. Bear Swamp, Groton. Cayuta L- 
 
 Anagallis arvensis, L. (Scarlet Pimpernel.) (C. by Dr. Wright. ) 
 was found, 1875, by the R. R. south of Caroline Sta. ; not permanent. 
 
 239. Samolus, Tourn. 
 
 598. S. Valerandi, L., var. Americanus, Gray. WATER Pimpernel. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet shaded places, and dripping rocks ; not common. July. 
 
 “Lick Brook? H. L. Stewart ,” 1870, in Dr. Jordan' s Cat . ; same 
 station, (O. E. Pearce ,)i885. Woods south-east of Sherwood, {Herb. 
 
 of Mrs. Prof. Brim,} 1883, (v. v. 1885)! Limestone falls in brook 
 south of Goodwin’s Point. Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 OLEACEZB. 
 
 240. Ligustrum, Tourn. 
 
 599. *L. vulgare, L. Privet. (H. and C.) 
 
 Planted near “Cliff Park.” Escaped, and in several places along 
 
 the top of the cliffs south of Levanna, Cayuga L. shore. June. 
 
 241. Fraxinus, Tourn. 
 
 600. *F. Americana, L. White Ash. (H. and C.) 
 
 Upland woods ; abundant. May 10-20. 
 
 601. F. pubescens, Lam. Downy Ash. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and alluvial soil ; infrequent. May 10-30. 
 
62 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh ; thence to Negundo Woods and Larch 
 Meadow. Cayuga Lake on all the low points; on Frontenac Island, 
 Canoga and Cayuga Marshes. Summit Marsh. From a tree on 
 Sheldrake Point, young shoots from the base of the tree were col- 
 lected, with pubescent leaves, while leaves from older parts were 
 entirely glabrous, appearing like the next species. 
 
 602. F. viridis. Michx. GREEN Asfa. 
 
 Typical specimens from Farley’s Point and shore south of Union 
 Springs. Specimens from Lake Ridge, from near Fleming S. H., 
 and from Summit Marsh, show some pubesence. 
 
 603. * F. sambucifolia, Lam. Black Ash. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps, or uplands, as by the Campus brook.; common. May 
 
 1-20. 
 
 APOCYNACEiE. 
 
 242. Apocynum. Tourn. 
 
 604. * A. androssemifolium, L. Dog-bane. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks and borders of woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 605. * A. cannabinum, L. Indian Hemp. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry beds of creeks and lake-shores, where it is often prostrate ; 
 
 common. July. 
 
 243. Vinca, Linn. 
 
 606. *V. minor, L. Periwinkle. Creeping-myrtle. 
 
 Spreading only from the root, near yards and cemeteries ; but es- 
 tablished in the wildest part of Enfield ravine, below the falls. 
 
 ASCLEPIADACEiE. 
 
 244. AsclEpias, Linn. 
 
 607. A. tuberosa, L. BuTTERFLY-WEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry slopes of ravines and banks, where it is frequent. July. 
 
 Case. Cr., Fall Cr., and all the ravines. Abundant on Cayuga L. 
 
 shore, McKinney’s to Aurora. 
 
 608. * A. incarnata, L. Swamp-milkweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 609. A. incarnata, L. var. pulchra, Pers., occurs rarely. 
 
 610. * A. Cornuti, Decaisne. Common Milkweed. (H. and C.) 
 By streams and roadsides ; common. July. 
 
 61 1. A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. Wood-milkweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 In woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 6 12. *A. quadrifolia, Michx. FOUR-LEAVED MILKWEED. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and slopes ; frequent. June 15-July 15. 
 
 A specimen from Franklin’s ravine, ( F . H. Parsons ), has all the 
 leaves in pairs 2-3 cm. apart. 
 
 GENTIANACEiE. 
 
 245. Gentiana, Tourn. 
 
 613. G. crinita, Frcel. Fringed Gentian. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet marshy places ; rare. Sept. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 6 
 
 "Ithaca” {in Herb, of Professor J. f. Thomas,) Case. Cr. ( Dr. for - 
 dun)\ South of Fall Cr., formerly near the present site of the wind- 
 mill on the Fiske-McGraw grounds. Sherwood, Cayuga Co. {Miss 
 Howland and Mrs. Brun.) Lowery’s Pond, Junius. 
 
 614. G. quinqueflora, Lam. Fl\ r E-FLOWERED GENTIAN. (C.) 
 
 Wet gravelly banks ; abundant in places. Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. Case. Cr., south of Willow Pond Race, and on the Pine 
 Knoll. Very abundant near the Dart Woods, Ball Hill, and else- 
 where on the higher hills. Taughannock ravine, south side. Below 
 Sheldrake. Big Gully, and elsewhere. 
 
 615. G. Saponaria, L. (C.) 
 
 Apparently rare. In a small ravine S. E. side of Pony Hollow. 
 
 " Ledyard” {Herb. f. f. Thomas.) Sept. 
 
 616. G. Andrewsii, Griseb. (H.) 
 
 Moist shaded banks, or brooksides ; scarce. Sept. 
 
 South Hill beyond the “ Incline” 1874. Fleming Meadow. Dry- 
 den L. valley. Myers Pt. north of Salmon Cr. 
 
 617. G. linearis, Froel. {G. Saponaria , L. var. linearis , Gray. (Jun- 
 ius, 1827, (v. s. in Herb.f. f. Thomas.) 
 
 246. Bartonia, Muhl. 
 
 61S. B. tenella, Muhl. is in Sartwell Herb, from Junius. 
 
 247. Menyanthes, Tourn. 
 
 619. M. trifoliata, L. Buckbean. 
 
 Sphagnum bogs ; infrequent. May 20-30. 
 
 Freeville. Malloryville. Round-Marshes. Near the Pond S. E. of 
 Chicago Sta. Summit Marsh. "Junius” {Sartw. H. and C.)\ 
 
 POLEMONIACE JE. 
 
 248. Pheox, Linn. 
 
 Phlox paniculata, L. and P. maculata, L. have appeared at Ithaca 
 and McLean as scapes to meadows and roadsides. 
 
 620. * P. divaricata, L. Blue Phlox. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods ; frequent. May-June. 
 
 Fall Cr. Negundo Woods. Ravines of the lakeshore. Woods 
 near Freeville, and elsewhere. A form in Taughannock ravine has 
 elongated leaves, more than usually glandular-pubescent, and 
 white corollas with obovate entire lobes. The ordinary form often 
 has entire corolla lobes, 
 
 621. P. subulata, L. Moss-pink. (C.) 
 
 Dry grassy or rocky banks, where it is common. May. 
 
 Along all our ravines. Abund. on South Hill south of S. S. 420. 
 Slopes along the lake shore are pink with it in May. It also oc- 
 curs on the high pinnacles in Danby and Caroline. Rarely occurs 
 with white flowers, {A. L. Coville.) 
 
 HYDROPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 249. Hydrophyllum, Tourn. Water-leaf. 
 
 622. *H. Virginicum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods ; abundant. June. 
 
64 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 623. H. Canadense, L. (H. and C. ) 
 
 Rich woods ; frequent. A little later than the preceding. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. (Beech woods.) Negundo Woods. Woods near 
 Freeville, McLean, Locke Pond, Danby and elsewhere. 
 
 BORRAGINACEiE. 
 
 250. C ynoglossum , Tourn. 
 
 624. *C. officinale, L. Hounds-tongue. “Tory-weed,” — a 
 name local in Cayuga Co. many years ago. (J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 A common roadside and pasture weed. June-July. 
 
 A form with pink flowers occurs occasionally. White-flowered 
 plants grow near Hemlock Brook, Groton; also at “ Penn Yan,” 
 (Sartwell in Herb.) 
 
 625. C. Virginicum, L. Wild Comfrey. (C.) 
 
 Woods on the higher hills ; not common. June-July. 
 
 Turkey Hill, eastward to Ringwood. Dart Woods. High hills 
 of Newfield, Danby and Caroline. 
 
 251. Echinospermum, Swartz. 
 
 626. E. Virginicum, Lehm. (Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC. Beggars- 
 
 EiCE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and low T thickets ; common. July- Aug. 
 
 627. E- Lappuea, Lehm. Stickweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy or gravelly soil, lake shores and villages ; frequent. 
 
 July-Sept. 
 
 Near the Armory, and on Buffalo St. Near Fall Cr. Mills. Fre- 
 quent on the sandy points of Cayuga L. and along the R. R. 
 
 252. MERTENSIA, Roth. 
 
 628. M. Virginica, DC. Virginian Cowslip. Blue-bells. 
 
 Rich alluvial soil ; scarce. Apr. 25-May. 
 
 Taughannock ravine, (Dr. Jordan. )\ Negundo Woods, ( Professor 
 Branner)\ “Valley south of Buttermilk Falls,” ( O.L . Taylor)\ Bank 
 of Neguaena Cr., near the Flemings. H., and near mouth of En- 
 field Cr. Near Ellis Hollow Swamp, (F. T. Wilson)\ 
 
 253. Myosotis, Linn. 
 
 629. M. palustris, With. True Forget-me-not. (H. and C.) 
 
 I11 water, in marsh north of Fall Cr. and also along Cayuga St. 
 
 June 1 5 -July. 
 
 630. M. laxa, Lehm. (M. palustris With. var. laxa, Gr.) 
 
 In wet places ; abundant. June-Sept. 
 
 Flowers occasionally pink. 
 
 631. M. arvensis, Hoff. Scorpion-grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded sandy soil ; scarce and probably introduced, June. 
 Cemetery, Ithaca. (F. L. Kilborne.) Bushy Point, Cayuga L. 
 
 632. M. COLLIN a, Hoff, (apparently this species) found by Mr. Kil- 
 borne in 1882 ; appears each year. 
 
 633. M. verna, Nutt. 
 
 Dry, barren woods near the lake ; occasional. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 65 
 
 Farley’s Pt., {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) From Renwick Farm to 
 Willet’s Sta. Near Taughannock and Trnmansburg ravines. In 
 the bottom of Franklin’s ravine it grows 30 cm. in height and still 
 taller in the rich wooded slope, east side of the valley at Watkins. 
 
 254. Lithospermum, Tourn. 
 
 634. L. arvense, L. Corn-Gromweee. (H. andC.) 
 
 A common weed in grain fields, etc., in dry soil. May, June. 
 
 635. L. OFFICINAEE, L. COMMON-GROMWEEE. 
 
 Roadsides and meadows ; not common. June-July. 
 
 Near Ludlowville, N. Y., {Mr. Lord.) Aurora to Chapel -Corners, 
 especially near the latter. Near Wood’s Sta. in Scipio. 
 
 636. L. latifolium, Michx. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded ground near streams ; rare. June. 
 
 Salmon Cr. ravine, north bank with Ionidium , 1871 to 1885. 
 Fall Cr. on island above Forest Home, (F. B. Hine ,) 1875. 
 
 [L. canescens, Lehm. Near Auburn, N. Y. I. H. Hall , in Paine's 
 Cat .,p. 1 14.] 
 
 255. Onosmodium, Michx. 
 
 637. O. Carolinianum, DC. 
 
 Hillsides ; local. July. 
 
 South Hill from near the reservoir to the Quarry Woods beyond 
 the “ Incline frequent over this area. 
 
 [O. Virginianum, DC. “Seneca L.,” Sartwell's Cat. of 1884.] 
 
 256. Symphytum, Tourn. 
 
 638. *S. officinaee, L. Comfrey. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil along streams ; not uncommon. June-July. 
 
 Case. Cr., abund. above Judd’s Falls. Six Mile Cr. Neguaena val- 
 ley to Newfield. Myers Point and near Lake Ridge Sta. abundant. 
 Fall Cr., E. of Freeville and elsewhere. 
 
 Borrago officinaeis, L., appeared on the Campus in 1878 and in 
 1880. 
 
 Asperugo procumbens, L., was found in 1885 near E. Hill S. H. by 
 F. V. Coville. 
 
 CONVOLVULACE JE. 
 
 Ipomea, Linn. 
 
 I. coccinea, L., was growing, in 1885, in a large mass by the old road 
 crossing the marsh to the steamboat landing. 
 
 I. purpurea, Lam. Morning-geory. 
 
 Springing up in the same place for several years, perhaps from 
 self-sown seeds. July- Aug. 
 
 Six Mile Creek near Cayuga St. bridge. North of Ithaca, by R. 
 R. near the Glass-works, and by an old road. U. Springs near the 
 mill, and the R. R. 
 
 I. Nie, Roth., occasionally seen with the preceding. 
 
 257. Convoevueus, Linn. 
 
 639. C. arvensis, L. Bind-weed. 
 
 Roadsides and old fields ; scarce. June-July. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
66 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Fall Cr., on the Circus Common. Hazen St., Ithaca, (F. V. 
 Coville.) 
 
 640. * C. spithamaeus, L. ( Calystegia spithamcza , Pursli.) Hedge- 
 
 Bind-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Declivities of ravines and hills ; not common. June. 
 
 Fall Cr., lower part of ravine, and bank toward the “Nook.” 
 Enfield ravine, north and south bank. W. Danby Pinnacles. 
 Taughannock. Lake shore, north of King’s Ferry. 
 
 641. * C. sepium, L. ( Calystegia sepium , R. Br.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of streams and lakes ; common. June-Sept. 
 
 A form (possibly var. repens, Gray.) on Montezuma marshes, has 
 stems scarcely twining, leaves narrowly hastate, pubescent. 
 
 258. CuscuTa, Tourn. Dodder. 
 
 642. C. tenuiflora, Englm. 
 
 Shores or low grounds ; rare. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Union Springs (on Mentha piperita, L.) Montezuma, on mead- 
 ows north-east of village, abundant (on Aster paniculatns, Lam.) 
 
 643. C. inflexa, Englm. 
 
 Hillsides and thickets ; scarce. Aug. , Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. (on Asters and Solidagos .) Hillside near White Church 
 (on Daisies and Ceanothus .) W. Danby, by the hill road near 
 Thacher’s Pinnacle. 
 
 644. C. Gronovii, Willd. (H. andC.) 
 
 Near marshes ; frequent (on various plants.) Aug. 
 
 645. C. Epieinum, Weihe. Frequent on the cultivated flax on farms 
 E. of Owasco L. (Mr. Kilborne')’, also rarely appears in flax fields 
 between Cayuga L. and Seneca L. This is the injurious “Feax- 
 DoddeR ” of Eur. 
 
 SOLANACE/E. 
 
 259. Soeanum, Tourn. 
 
 646. S. nigrum, L. Common Nightshade. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shady or waste ground ; not common. July-Sept. 
 
 Case. Cr., (H. L. Stewart)\ Fall Cr. and elsewhere about Ithaca 
 and Cayuga L. shore. 
 
 647. S. Duecamara, L. Nightsdade Bitter-sweet. (H.andC.) 
 
 Hedges, thickets and swamps ; common. June-Aug. 
 
 260. Physaeis, Linn. 
 
 648. P. Virginiana, Mill. (P. viscosa, of Man., p. 382.) Ground 
 
 Cherry. (H and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and fields ; occasional. July-Sept. 
 
 Fall Creek, in the ravine; in the field south of Ithaca Fall, and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 [P. pubescens, L. (P obscura, Mx.) at Penn Yan, (Sartwell, Herb, 
 and C)] 
 
 261. Lycium, Linn. 
 
 649. *L. vuegare, Dunal. Matrimony-vine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fall Creek, on the Circus Common. Near Freeville. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 67 
 
 262. Datura, Linn. 
 
 650. *D. Stramonium, L. Stramonium. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste grounds, and lake-shore ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 651. D. Tatuea, L., with the preceding. Purpee Stramonium. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Lycopersicum escueentum, Mill., (Tomato.) is occasional on the 
 lake shore and near Ithaca. 
 
 [Nicandra physaeoides, Gsertn., at Penn Yan, ( Sartwell , Herb . 
 and C. ) ] 
 
 SCROPHULARIACEiE. 
 
 263. Verbascum, Linn. 
 
 652. * V. Thapsus, L. MueeEin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common, especially in old fields along the lake and the 
 
 ravines. July-Sept. 
 
 653. V. Beattaria, L. Moth-mueeEin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and pastures ; frequent. June-Aug. 
 
 Form with yellow flowers near Six Mile Cr., White Church 
 audDanby; form with white, Six Mile Cr., McLean and elsewhere. 
 
 264. Linaria, Tourn. 
 
 654. *L. vuegaris, Mill. Toad-feax. (H. and C.) 
 
 Gravelly banks and fields ; frequent. June-Oct. 
 
 655. L. Eeatine, Mill. (C.) 
 
 Shores, etc.; rare. June-Sept. 
 
 “Shores of Cayuga L-” (probably at Sheldrake), {Gray in Tor- 
 rey’s Flora.) Sheldrake Pt., ( Mr . Lord.)\ Farley’s Pt., several 
 places, and by the R. R., just east. (Streets of Geneva, Sartwell.) 
 
 265. Coeeinsia, Nutt. 
 
 656. C. verna, Nutt. 
 
 “Ithaca, Aikin ,” (Torrey's Flora of N. V.) Although it is cer- 
 tain that Aikin visited Cayuga L. about fifty years since, no speci- 
 men of Collinsia from Ithaca exists in Dr. Torrey’s herbarium, and 
 this beautiful flower has never been rediscovered here. 
 
 266. Scrophuearia, Tourn. 
 
 657. S. nodosa, L. Figwort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil along streams, and in ravines ; frequent. June-Aug. 
 
 267. Cheeone, Linn. 
 
 658. *C. glabra, L. TurTEE-head. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes, meadows and swamps ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 268. Pentstemon, Mitchell. 
 
 659. *P. pubescens, Soland. Beard-Tongue. (H. and C. 
 
 Rocky places ; abundant along ravines and cliffs. June-July. 
 Near mouth of Fall Cr. ravine, ( Pursh ., 1807.)! One of the few 
 
 plants of this region mentioned by him in his Journal of Travels. 
 It is particularly abundant and beautiful on the ledges of the lake 
 shore cliffs, taking the place of the earlier Columbines. 
 
68 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 269. Mimueus, Linn. 
 
 660. * M. ringens, L. Monkey-Flower. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and brooksides ; common. July, Aug. 
 
 270. Gratioea, Linn. 
 
 661. G. Virginiana, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Muddy shores and fields ; frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 271. IEYSANTHES, Raf. 
 
 662. I. gratioloides, Benth. FaeSE PiMPERNEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet shores ; scarce. July- Aug. 
 
 Lake marsh, ( Dr . Jordan.) Shore W. of Inlet. Mouth of Salmon 
 Cr. Near R. R., east of Judd’s Falls. Cortland Marl Ponds. 
 
 272. Veronica, Linn. 
 
 663. V. Virginica, L. CUEVER’S-ROOT. 
 
 Sheltered banks ; rare. July 15- Aug. 
 
 Near Fall Cr, north of Ithaca, ( Dr . Underwood, of Groton.) 
 Woods near end of Farley’s Point. Utt’s Point. The wild bank 
 beyond the Fleming S. H. “Junius,” ( Sartw . Herb, and C.) 
 
 664. * V. Anagallis, L. WATER-SPEED WEEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Usually in water ; rare or local. Aug. 
 
 Bddy Pond, 1882. Marl Ponds of Cortland. Abundant in outlet 
 of Lay’s Iron Spring, west of Black Lake. 
 
 665. * V. Americana, Schwein. Brook-Lime. (H. and C.) 
 
 In rivulets and ravines ; frequent. June -July. 
 
 666. * V. scutellata, L. Marsh-spEEDweee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshy places ; frequent. June-Oct. 
 
 667. *V. officinalis, L. Common SPEEDWEEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides, old fields and pastures ; frequent. June-July, 
 Particularly abund. on West Hill, Turkey Hill and near McLean. 
 
 668. V. serpyllifolia, L. ThymE-EEAVEd SpEEDWEEE. (H. and C.) 
 Fields and lawns ; common. May-Oct. 
 
 669. V. peregrina, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cult, ground ; common. May-June. 
 
 670. V. ARVENSIS, L. Corn-SPEEDWEEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cult, grounds ; common. (Gray, in Synopt. Flora , considers it 
 
 “ rather rare.” May-June. 
 
 671. V. Buxbaumii, Tenore. 
 
 Cult, ground ; local, but persistently spreading. Mar.-April. 
 
 W. Hill in Sanford’s garden, ( Prof . J. H. Comstock , 1882) ! 
 
 [Buchnera Americana, L., in Gorham, Out. Co., ( Sartwell , in Herb, 
 and C.)] 
 
 273. Gerardia, Linn. 
 
 672. G. Pedicularia, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods near most of our ravines ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 Particularly abundant, certain years, in Cornell’s woods near 
 
 Case. Cr. Beside the ravine stations it occurs in Ball Hill woods, 
 and Thacher’s Pinnacle, in Dauby ; also the declivities near White 
 Church. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 69 
 
 673. G. flava, L. Downy Faese-Foxgeove. (H. and C. 
 
 Open dry woods of Oak ; frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 674. G. quercifolia, Pursh. Smooth Faese-Foxgeove. (H. and C.) 
 The larger open woods along ravines and on hills ; not rare. 
 
 Julv-Aug. 
 
 Coy Glen. Bates Woods west of Cayuga L. Hills of Danby and 
 Caroline, and elsewhere. 
 
 675. G. purpurea, L,. PURPEE GERARDIA. (C.) 
 
 Shores ; rare. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Farley’s Point, rather abundant along the south shore. Marsh 
 about Newton’s Ponds, Junius. 
 
 676. G. tenuifolia, Vahl. SeENDER Gerardia. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy banks ; rare. Aug. , Sept. 
 
 North bank of Salmon Cr. below Eudlowville. 
 
 274. CastieeEia, Mutis. 
 
 677. * C. coccinea, Spreng. Painted-cup. (H. and C.) 
 
 “Near Aurora,” (Dr. Alex. Thompson, Cat. of 1842.) Not now 
 
 known within limits. Miss Arnold sends specimens (some scarlet, 
 some yellow,) from Painted Post. 
 
 275. Pedicuearis, Tourn. 
 
 678. *P. Canadensis, L. EOUSEWORT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Open woods, and ravines ; common. May. 
 
 679. P. lanceolata, Michx. 
 
 Banks and marshy places ; rare. Aug. 20-Sept. 20. 
 
 Small marsh west of Pleasant Grove Cemetery. East of the 
 Clock Factory, Ithaca. Eudlowville, near the R. R. north of Sal. 
 mon Cr. 
 
 276. Meeampyrum, Tourn. 
 
 680. M Americanum, Michx. Cow-wheaT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, near ravines and on hill ; common. Juue-July. 
 
 OROBANCHACEjE. 
 
 277. Aphyeeon, Mitchell. 
 
 681. A. uniflorum, Gray. Broom-rape. (C.) 
 
 Moist shaded places ; scarce. May 20-June. 
 
 Fall Cr. near Beebe Pond. Case. Woods. Turkey Hill, in woods. 
 
 278. ConophoeiS, Wallr. 
 
 682. * C. Americana, Wallr. Cancer-ROOT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woodlands on the hills ; not rare. July. 
 
 “ Eedyard, in woods of Red and Yellow Oak; rare,” (in Herb. J. 
 /. Thomas .) Turkey Hill, (F. H. Severance ,) 1878 ! Woods north 
 of Forest Home, (F. C. Curtice .) High hills in Caroline. Dauby,, 
 hills east of village. Woods in Ovid. 
 
 279. Epiphegus, Nutt. 
 
 683. * E. Virginiana, Bart. Beech-drops. (H. and C.) 
 
 Beech woods ; frequent. Sept.-Oct. 
 
70 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 LENTIBULACEiE. 
 
 280. Utricuearia, Linn. BeadderworT. 
 
 684. U. vulgaris, L. Common BeadderworT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Aquatic ; frequent. July 15-Aug. 
 
 Still water bayous near mouth of Fall Cr. and near C. S. R. R. at 
 Glass-works and the Corner-of-the-lake. Pools between the R. R. 
 and the cliffs north of Ludlowville, and north of King’s Ferry. 
 Marsh north of Union Springs. “Union Springs,” {in Herb. J. J. 
 Thomas.) Black Lake and Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 685. U. minor, L. 
 
 Specimens with foliage and bladders of this species, but flowers 
 not seen, occur in Summit Marsh and Black Lake. Flowering time 
 for this latitude is, June 10-July 15. 
 
 686. U. intermedia, Hayne. 
 
 Marshes and shallow water; scarce. July 15-Aug. 15. 
 
 Swamp north of Dryden L. Summit Marsh. Black Lake. 
 
 687. U. cornuta, Michx. ; rare, on muddy shores or marshes, July, is 
 in Sartwell, Herb . and C. from “Junius.” It occurs just north of 
 the Junius Pout Pond in abundance. 
 
 281. Pinguicuea, Tourn. 
 
 688 . P. vulgaris, L. Pinguicuea, BuTTERWORT. 
 
 Wet cliffs, in ravines ; rare. June 10-30. 
 
 Cascadilla Creek, {Dr. Jordan. 1869) ! where it has continued on 
 both sides of the Glen Pond ; also grows farther down the ravine. 
 Fall Creek on the “Primrose Cliffs;” also opposite Rocky Falls. 
 Taughannock ravine, south side with Saxifraga aizoides, L. The 
 only other stations reported for N. Y. are on the Genessee River — 
 formerly “in meadows below the Falls at Rochester,” {Dewey, Ca- 
 rey and others,) and still existing below Portage Falls, {Dewey ; and 
 “ Plants of Buffalo ,” 1882.) 
 
 BXGNONIACEiE. 
 
 282. Cataepa, Scop., Walt. 
 
 689. * C. bignonioides, Walt. (Cataepa) is growing spontaneously 
 under the cliff west of the Ithaca Cemetery. 
 
 ACANTHACEiE. 
 
 283. Dianthera, Linn. 
 
 690. D. Americana, L. WaTER-wieeow. 
 
 Shores, and borders of marshes ; scarce. July-Aug. 
 
 Farley’s Point. From Cayuga Bridge to Montezuma, along Sen- 
 eca R. 
 
 VERBENACEiE. 
 
 284. Phryma, Linn. 
 
 691. P. Leptostachya, L- Lop-SEED. 
 
 Woods and thickets ; frequent. July. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 7i 
 
 285. Verbena, Tourn. 
 
 692. * V. urticaefolia, L. WHITE VERVAIN. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 Form with pink flowers, at Mud Cr. Form (hybrid with V. has- 
 tata , L. ?) in Trumansburg ravine, with flowers lavendar or pink. 
 (For discussion of hybrid Verbenas, see Engleman in Am. Jour. 
 Sci., XLVI.) Hybrids with purple and with blue flowers, are from 
 Penn Yan, in Herb. Sartwell. 
 
 693. V. hastata, L. BEUE Vervain. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 LABIATE. 
 
 Trichostema dichotomum, L., (Beue Cures,) was found by F. B. 
 Hine, in 1879, on the high bank north of Beebe Pond. Not seen 
 since. 
 
 286. Teucrium, Linn. 
 
 694. * T. Canadense, L. Germander. (H.andC.) 
 
 Along the lake shores and marshes ; frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 Form with white flowers near Seneca L., ( Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 287. Coeeinsonia, Linn. 
 
 695. *C. Canadensis, L. Horse Baem. H. and C). 
 
 Woods and moist shaded places ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 288. Mentha, Tourn. 
 
 696. * M. viridis, L. Spearmint. (H.andC.) 
 
 Roadsides and wet places; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 697. *M. piperita, L. Peppermint. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry beds of streams and elsewhere ; common. 
 
 698. M. piperita, L. var. subhirsuta, Benth. ; apparently this form 
 occurs among the willows, south end of Cayuga L. east of Fall Cr. 
 
 699. * M. Canadensis, L. Wied-MinT. (H.andC.) 
 
 Along water courses and marshes ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 289. Lycopus, Tourn. 
 
 700. L. Virginicus, L. BuGEE-WEED. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, often in ravines ; common. Aug., Sept. 
 
 Specimens growing at the foot of the cliffs north of Ludlowville 
 
 Sta. exhibit well formed tubers at the ends of numerous slender 
 drooping branches. 
 
 701. L. sinuatus, Ell. ( L . Europaeus, L., var. see Man., p. 
 
 345.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Shores and marshes ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 One of the commonest plants on Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 [Hyssopus officinaeis, L. Frequent in Yates Co., Sartwell , H. 
 and C] 
 
 290. Pycnanthemum, Michx. Mountain-mint. 
 
 702. P. lanceolatum, Pursh. 
 
 Borders of West Junius marshes, about the ponds. Aug. 15-Sept. 
 
72 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 703. P. incanum, Michx. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods near the lake ; not common. July-Aug. 
 
 Near Pleasant Grove Brook. Woods and slopes from McKinney’s 
 north. S. W. corner of Cayuga F. North of Fudlowville, and of 
 King’s Ferry. Paine’s Creek. 
 
 291. Thymus, Tourn. 
 
 704. T. Serpyeeum, F. Creeping Thyme. Wied Thyme. 
 
 Beside the road between W. Groton and Focke ; well established, 
 
 ( F. L. Kilborne, ) Aug. 15, 1881. 
 
 T. vuegaris, F. Found one year, (1882,) growing spontaneously 
 on the Fiske-McGraw grounds, (by F. L. K.) 
 
 292. Caeamintha, Tourn. 
 
 705. C. Acinos, Clairv. 
 
 Along the road east of Ithaca Cemetery. {Mr. Lord , 1881) ! It 
 also occurs in the rocky part of the cemetery. 
 
 706. C. Clinopodium, F. Basie. * (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and pastures ; common. July. 
 
 293. Meeissa, Tourn. 
 
 707. *M. officinaeis, F. Common Baem. (C.) 
 
 Roadsides and banks ; scarce. July-Aug. 
 
 Byroad “ near Newfield,” 1878, {Trelease and Severance.) By 
 R. R. near King’s Ferry. Big Gully, below crossing of second road. 
 
 294. Hedeoma, Pers. 
 
 708. *H. pulegeoides, Pers. Pennyroyae. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry ground ; abundant. Aug. 
 
 295. Monarda, Finn. 
 
 709. * M. didyma, F. Bee-baem. ScareET Baem. (H. and C.) 
 Rich woods, borders of low grounds ; frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 Fake Marshes, 1873, ( Kellermann ) ! Negundo Woods. Case. Cr. 
 
 toward Fllis Hollow, through Ringwood, to the Freeville and 
 Round-Marsh region. White Church valley. Danby. W. Danby 
 to Signer’s Woods. Taughannock and other ravines. 
 
 710. M. Clinopodia, F. (M. jistulosa, F., in part, of the Man. Pycnan- 
 themum Monardella , Michx., Flora, II, 8, t. 34.) 
 
 Shaded ravines ; rare. July-Aug. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., below Green-Tree Falls. Trumansburg ravine. 
 This plant is characterized by its taller, slender, nearly smooth or 
 somewhat villous stems ; thin, slender-petioled, coarsely-serrate 
 leaves ; throat of calyx sparingly hirsute and corolla dull-white or 
 pink, and rather shorter than in M. Jistulosa L. (See Gray , Synopt. 
 Flora , II, (1), p. 374-) 
 
 711. *M. fistulosa, F., var. mollis, Benth., (see Gray , Synopt. Flora y 
 
 II, (1), p. 374.) Wied Bergamot. (H. and C.) 
 
 River-banks and shores ; frequent. 
 
 Negundo Woods, and up the valley to Newfield. Renwick. 
 Myers Point. Paine’s Cr. Union Springs. Taughannock, etc. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 73 
 
 712. M. fistulosa, L., var. rubra, Gray? (or possibly a hybrid, as Dr. 
 Gray suggests.) On the wild bank beyond the Fleming S. H., sev- 
 eral variable plants with large heads and rose-colored corollas, sug- 
 gesting M. didyma in habit. 
 
 296. Beephieia, Raf. 
 
 713. B. hirsuta, Benth. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Shaded ravines and banks of streams ; scarce. July. 
 
 Fall Cr., Beebe Pond, on the island. Six Mile Cr., in the am- 
 phitheatre above the “ Narrows.” Enfield in ravine below the 
 Falls. Near the south shore of Cayuga L. 
 
 297. Lophanthus, Beuth. Giant Hyssop. 
 
 714. L. nepetoides, Benth. (C.) 
 
 Rich soil and shaded banks ; scarce. Aug. 
 
 S. W. corner of the Lake. Negundo Woods. South Hill. 
 
 715. L. scrophulariaefolius, Benth. (H. and C.) 
 
 With the preceding ; scarce. Aug. 
 
 By road toward Renwick. Near S. W. corner of the lake. 
 Paine’s Cr. 
 
 298. NepETA, Linn. 
 
 716. * N. cataria, L. Catnip. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places and shores ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 717. N. Geechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy. Giee. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places and in ravines ; frequent. Apr.-Aug. 
 
 299. Scuteeearia, Linn. Skuee-cap. 
 
 718. * S. lateriflora. L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 719. * S. galericulata, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of marshes ; frequent. July, Aug. 
 
 An erect form often grows freely on the R. R. embankments near 
 the lake. 
 
 300. Bruneeea, Toum. 
 
 720. * B. vulgaris, L. Bruneeea. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 Forms with white flowers near Mud Cr. and Beaver Cr. ; with pink 
 flowers near Beaver Cr. 
 
 Physostegia Virginiana, Benth., formerly grew by the brook in 
 the fields east of the R. Catholic cemetery near Ithaca. It continued 
 from 1873 till 1884, but seems to be now extinct. Probably intro- 
 duced. 
 
 301. Marrubium, Tourn. 
 
 721. *M. vuegare, L. Horehound. (H. and C.) 
 
 Reported from near Enfield Falls [Severance and Trelease ) ; and 
 
 “ near Ithaca,” [Mr. Lord.) Abundant in a field S. W. of Paine’s 
 Cr., also occurs in the ravine. July-Aug. 
 
 302. Leonurus, Linn. 
 
 722. *L. cardiaca, L. Motherwort. 
 
 Fields and waste places ; common. July-Sept. 
 
74 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 303. Lamium, Tourn. Dead-NetteE. 
 
 723. L. AMPEEXICAUEE, L. 
 
 Fields ; scarce. Apr.-Nov. 
 
 E. Hill, 011 the campus and farm. Fall Cr. Circus Common. Near 
 Big Gully. 
 
 L. macueatum, L., has escaped by the road north of Forest Home. 
 
 304. GaeEopsis, Linn. 
 
 724. *G. TETRAkiT, L. Hemp-NetteE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste grounds ; not common. July-Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. below the mills. Freeville. Near Groton. Locke 
 Pond. 
 
 305. Stachys, Tourn. 
 
 725. * S. aspera, Michx., (S. palustris, L-, var. asp era, Gray.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Abundant on both shores of Cayuga L. July-Sept. 
 
 726. S. aspera, Mich., var. glabra, Gray. 
 
 In herb, of Prof’r J. J. Thomas from Cayuga L. Lake marsh near 
 Ithaca. Near McKinney’s. 
 
 PL ANT AGIN ACE j*E. 
 
 306. Peantago, L. Peantain. 
 
 727. P. cordata, Lam., is in herb, of Professor Thomas, collected 
 in Ledyard, 1827. 
 
 728. * P. MAJOR, L. (H and C.) 
 
 Fields, shores and pastures ; frequent. June-Sept. 
 
 This species is distinguished from the following by its thicker, 
 shorter spike, its short, ovoid, obtuse capsules and ovate, obtuse, 
 scarious margined sepals, and its leaves often dull green and hairy. 
 It is less common than the next species in our Flora, and has long 
 been confused with it every where. The var. minima , (P. minima. 
 DC.) occurs in cold, dry soils near Freeville, Summit Marsh and on 
 the higher hills. 
 
 729. P. Rugelii, Decaisne. ( P Kamtschatica , of Man., p. 311, — not 
 of Cham.) 
 
 The commonest roadside and yard plantain. June-Sept. 
 
 The spikes are longer than in P. Major , L., less dense, capsules 
 oblong-cylindrical and sepals oblong and acute. The leaves are 
 large, usually shining, bright green, the petioles often tinged 
 with purple. Dr. Gray regards P. Rugelii , Decaisne, as “ truly in- 
 digenous, as no trace of it is found in the Old World.” The spike 
 of this species is frequently fasciated at the summit. 
 
 730. *P. eanceoeaTa, L. Ribwort. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June-Aug. 
 
 731. P. Media, L. 
 
 Grounds of the Pres.-White place since 1883 {F. L. Kilborne ) ! 
 Specimens were transferred to the Sage Building court. It is recog- 
 nized by its broadly oval, hairy leaves lying flat- upon the turf, and 
 by its conspicuous, usually pale-purple stamens. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 75 
 
 ILLICEBRACEiE. 
 
 307. Anychia, Michx. 
 
 732. A. dichotoma, Michx. (C.) 
 
 Dry banks and cliffs, where it is frequent. July. 
 
 Fall Cr. and Case. Cr. Near McKinneys. Salmon Cr. Taug- 
 hannock ravine. High cliffs at King’s Ferry and elsewhere. 
 
 308. SceERANTHus, Finn. 
 
 733. S. ANNUUS, F. 
 
 Field south of Coy Glen. Sheldrake Point. June-July. 
 
 AMARANTACEiE. 
 
 309. AmaranTus, Tourn. 
 
 734. A. panicueatus, F. Red Amaranth. 
 
 Roadsides. Near Renwick and on the Univ. campus. July. 
 
 735. A. retrofeexus, F. Pigweed. (H.) 
 
 Fields ; everywhere common. July-Sept. 
 
 736. A. CHEOROSTACHYS, Willd. 
 
 Fess common than the preceding, but frequent. 
 
 737. A. aebus, F. - (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and shores ; abundant. 
 
 738. A. beitoides, Watson. Tumbee-weed. 
 
 An immigrant from the far west. July- Aug. 
 
 Union Springs, by the R. R., near the steamboat landing, 1881. 
 West of Cayuga Bridge, 1885. 
 
 “ Prostrate or decumbent, the slender stems becoming a foot or 
 two long, glabrous or nearly so ; leaves broadly spatulate to nar- 
 rowly oblanceolate, attenuate to a slender petiole, an inch long or 
 usually less ; flowers in small contracted axillary spikelets ; bracts 
 nearly equal, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, 1 to 1 yi lines long, 
 little exceeding the oblong obtuse and mucronulate or acute sepals; 
 utricle not rugose slightly longer than the sepals ; seed nearly a 
 line broad.” ( Watson , Proc. Amer. Acad., XII, p. 273). Some- 
 what resembles A. albus, F. On the western plains it becomes one 
 of the “tumble-weeds,” in autumn, being broken off at the root, 
 and driven before the wind. 
 
 CHENOPODIACE^. 
 
 310. Chenopodium, Finn. 
 
 739. C. aebum, F. Pigweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; very common. July-Sept. 
 
 740. C. urbicum, F. (H.) 
 
 Recently introduced ; Ithaca, Cayuga St., 1880 ; Aurora St., 1882. 
 
 741. C. hybridum, F. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste places, and the lake shore ; frequent. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Appearing as if indigenous on the rocks at Esty Glen, King’s 
 
 Ferry, etc. 
 
 742. C. Botrys, F. Jerusalem Oak. 
 
 Dry soil ; infrequent. July-Oct. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
76 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Fall Cr. mills. Near Inlet by D. L. and W. R. R. U. Springs 
 and Lockwood’s Flats, {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) Kidder’s Ferry. 
 Sheldrake Pt. 
 
 31 1. BeiTum, Tourn. 
 
 743. B. rubrum, Reich. {B. maritimum , of Man., p. 408.) 
 
 Brackish soil ; rare, on meadows N. E. of Montezuma village. 
 
 Aug. -Sept. 
 
 744. B. capitatum, L. Strawberry BeiTE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and newly cleared soil ; scarce. Aug., Sept. 
 
 Near Freeville sphagnum bog. Pasture near the Marl Ponds. 
 Hill east of Pony Hollow. Near Ludlowville, {Mr. Lord.) Led- 
 yard, 1827, {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 312. Atripeex, Tourn. 
 
 745. A. patula, L., var. hastata, Gray. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 Streets of Ithaca. Sheldrake Pt. Union Springs and Cayuga 
 . Bridge. Near the Indian Salt-Spring west of Cayuga marshes, 
 near the “Deer-lick,” and near brackish meadows at Montezuma, 
 the stems are bright red in autumn. 
 
 745 a . A. patula, L.,var. littoralis, Gray. 
 
 Buffalo St., Ithaca, and on the marsh; abundant. Union Springs 
 on Farley’s Point and Howland’s Point. 
 
 PHYTOLACCACE/E. 
 
 313. PhyToeacca, Tourn. 
 
 746. P. decandra, L. Pokeberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry hillsides and pastures ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 POLYGON ACEiE. 
 
 314. Rumex, Linn. 
 
 747. R. Patientia, L. Patience Dock. 
 
 Ithaca, near Six Mile Cr. bridge, (Cayuga St.) Near W. Junius. 
 June-July. 
 
 748. R. Britannica, L. {R. orbiculatus , Gray’s Man. (H. and C.) 
 Large marshes, where it is abundant. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Ithaca, marsh near the Lake. Summit Marsh. Round Marshes. 
 Dryden L. “ Cayuga marshes,” {G. W. C., 1864, 18th N. Y. Rep., 
 p. 201;) Very conspicuous on these and Montezuma Marshes in 
 autumn from its large plumes of pink fruit. 
 
 749. R. verticillatus, L. Swamp Dock. (H. andC.) 
 
 Marshes ; abundant. June-July. 
 
 Marshes at the head of Cayuga L. Cayuga Marshes, Summit 
 Marsh, and elsewhere. 
 
 750. * R. crispus, L. Yeeeow Dock. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June-Sept. 
 
 751. R. OBTUSIFOEIUS, L. BITTER Dock. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides and woods ; frequent. July, Sept. 
 
 Occasionally specimens possess red-veined radical leaves. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 77 
 
 752. R. crispus, L. X R- obtusifolius, F. 
 
 Specimens with the narrow leaf, nearly that of R. crispus , and 
 the valves toothed somewhat less than R. obtusifolius , occur near 
 the outlet of Dryden F., near Reuwick, and by roadside in Danby. 
 
 753. R. CONGEOMERATUS, Murr. 
 
 Near the Marl Ponds, Cortland. 
 
 754. R. acetoseeea, L. Sheep Sorree. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields everywhere. May-Sept. 
 
 [R. acetosa, F., at Penn Yan, ( Sartwell in Herb, and Wright in C. )] 
 315. Poeygonum, Finn. 
 
 755. P. orientaee, L. Princes Feather. (H. and C.) 
 
 Waste ground and shores ; occasional. Aug. 
 
 Near Six Mile Cr., south of Ithaca ; near the Inlet. Cayuga Fake 
 shore, especially south of Cayuga Bridge. 
 
 756. P. Pennsylvanicum, F. (H. and C.) 
 
 In moist, rich soil ; common. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 757. P. incarnatum, Ell. 
 
 Marshes and shores ; not common. July-Sept. 
 
 Inlet marshes, {Dr. Jordan.) ! Frequent near the foot of Cayuga 
 Fake and along its outlet. Fedyard 1827, {Herb. J. J. Thomas.) 
 
 758. P. nodosum, Pers. 
 
 Scarce near the shores of Cayuga Fake (where it seems indigen- 
 ous,) at the south end, on Myers Pt. W. of Cayuga Bridge and on 
 Cayuga Marshes. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 “Stem annual, stout, (i°-4°), mostly glabrous, often sparingly 
 and minutely glandular on the peduncles. Sheaths not fringed or 
 hairy ; style 2-cleft ; stamens 6 ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, atten- 
 uate upwards from near the base and acuminate, cuneate at the base 
 and short petioled, somewhat scabrous with short prickly hairs near 
 the midribs and margins ; spikes oblong and erect, or often linear 
 and nodding, 1' long or more ; flowers long, white or rose ; 
 akenes ovate less than a line broad.” Chiefly Rocky Mts. and Pa- 
 cific Coast. (Bot. of Cal., II., p. 13.) 
 
 Mr. Watson writes me that it has been found along railroads in 
 Mass, sparingly. 
 
 759. P. lapathifolium, Ait., var. incanum, Koch. 
 
 “Borders of Cayuga F.” (“ Chickering and Brewer ” in Man., 
 p. 416.) Not yet rediscovered here. 
 
 760. P. Persicaria, F. (H. and C.) 
 
 Common everywhere. July-Oct. 
 
 A very smooth form prostrate and rooting occurs in exsiccated 
 places. A much branched hairy form with interrupted spikes, 
 flowers and bracts of a brighter pink than usual, grows along Can- 
 oga Marshes. 
 
 761. P. Hydropiper, F. Smartweed. (C.) 
 
 Fields and low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
78 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 762. P. acre, H. B. K. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Marshes and shores ; frequent. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 Specimens on the Inlet Marshes, often with slenderer leaves than 
 in the type. 
 
 763. P. hydropiperoides, Miclix. WATER-PEPPER. (H. and C.j 
 
 Marshes and muddy banks ; infrequent. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 Marshes near head of the lake, (by Cayuga St.) Along Fall Cr. be- 
 tween Forest Home and Etna. Summit Marsh. Our specimens 
 have the “oblong” leaves so far as noticed. 
 
 764. P. amphibium, R. (the typical form of Gray’s Man.,) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Aquatic ; not common. July-Sept. 
 
 Dryden R. Marl Ponds. Summit Marsh. Danby, in Jenning’s 
 Pond. Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 765. P. Muhlenbergii, Watson. ( Proc . of Amer. Acad., XIV, p. 295, 
 
 1879.) (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Gravelly banks and shores ; frequent. Sept. -Oct. 
 
 By the old R. R. track near the light-house and shore at the head 
 of Cayuga E., where it was first noticed by Dr. Gray, in 1831. Red- 
 yard, 1827, [Herb. J. J. Thomas.) Near Ludlowville Sta. and north 
 toEake Ridge Pt., where it is abundant. Union Springs. Canoga. 
 Summit Marsh. 
 
 “A perennial in muddy or dry places often 2°-3° feet high. Scab- 
 rous with short appressed or glandular hairs especially upon the 
 leaves and upper stem. Reaves thin, rather broadly lanceolate or 
 cordate at the base, 4 / ~7 / long, on short stout petioles [fz'-P long) 
 from near the base of the naked sheath. Flowers and fruit nearly 
 as in P. amphibium, R. but spikes more elongated (l / -3 / ) often in 
 pairs. ’ ’ 
 
 “New Eng. — Texas and westward. It includes most of the P 
 amphibium, var. terrestre of American botanists, and is the P. am- 
 phibium, R., var. ip) Muhlenbergii, Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14. p. 116.” 
 (See Watson, l. c.) 
 
 766. P. Hartwrightii, Gray. [Proc. of Amer. Acad. VIII, p. 294. 1870.) 
 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps and sedgy marshes ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Round Marshes. Near pond S. E. of Chicago Sta. Rocke Pond. 
 Summit Marsh. Newton’s Pond, W. Junius. “Penn Van,” [Dr. 
 S. Hart Wright , who called Dr. Gray’s attention to the species.) 
 
 “ Strigose-hirsute or smoothish, stem less than a foot high, erect, 
 striate, equally leafy even to the top; leaves broadly lanceolate, acute 
 or obtusish at each end, short-petioled. Ochrse leaf-like to the 
 middle, hypocrateriform, limb foliacious, reticulate, repand, setose- 
 ciliate. Peduncle erect not glandulose, bearing mostly a solitary, 
 dense, cylindrical spike ; bracts surpassing the pedicels ; periogoni- 
 uin rose-colored without glands. Stamens 5. Style deeply 2-cleft. 
 Sedgy bogs, N. Y. to Michigan and Wyoming.” [Gray, l. c.) Dr. 
 Wright thinks its affinities are with P. amphibium , R. instead of P. 
 Careyi, Olney. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 79 
 
 767. P. Virginianum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded soil ; not common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 “Lake Marshes’’ (. Kellermann, 1873.) probably near the Indian 
 Spring. Near Neguudo Woods. Wild bank beyond the Fleming 
 S. H. Renwick Farm. 
 
 768. P. aviculare, L. Knot-Grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides ; frequent. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 A form on the sands at Sheldrake Point, has narrow glaucous 
 leaves and large shining stipules, thus resembling P. maritimum , 
 L. 
 
 769. P. eredtum, L., ( P \ aviculare , L., var. erectum , Roth,) 
 
 (H. andC.) 
 
 Roadsides, borders of rich fields ; frequent. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 770. P. arifolium, L. Tear-Thumb. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Marshes ; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Marshes near Inlet and Fall Cr. Ledyard, 1827, [Herb. J. J. 
 Thomas .) Ringwood. Near Freeville. Summit Marsh. Cayuga 
 Marshes. 
 
 771. P. sagittatum, L. Tear-Thumb. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; abund., especially on the Inlet Marshes. Aug.- 
 
 Sept. 
 
 772. P. Convoevueus, L. Beack-bindweed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cultivated ground ; common. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 773. P. dumetorum, L. Ceimbing-buckwheat. 
 
 Marshes and river-banks ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 774. P. dumetorum, L. var. scandens, Gray, is also frequent. 
 
 (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Fagopyrum, Tourn. 
 
 F. escueentum, Mcench. Buckwheat. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and copses ; doubtfully permanent in any place. June- 
 July. 
 
 Fall Cr. Abund. in a piece of woods E. of McLean, 1884 and 1885. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIACEiFE 
 
 316. Asarum, Tourn. 
 
 775. * A. Canadense, L. Wied Ginger. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil, woods, and banks of ravines ; frequent. Apr. -May. 
 
 317. Aristoeochia, Tourn. 
 
 776. A. Ceematitis, L. 
 
 Union Springs, on a bank S. E. of the depot. June. 
 
 The plants have probably escaped from some garden, formerly near 
 the locality. First seen in 1874. They have now doubled the area 
 occupied then, spreading from the root and forming a dense vigor- 
 ous growth. Fruit occurs rarely. 
 
 PIPERACE2SL (including Saururace^.) 
 
 318. Saururus, Linn. 
 
 777. S. cernuus, L. Lizard’s-Taie. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet borders of marshes ; local but not rare. July-Aug. 
 
8o 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Indian Spring Marsh. Dryden L- valley. Locke Pond. Abund- 
 ant on the borders of Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 LAURACE^E. 
 
 319. Sassafras, Nees. 
 
 778. * S. officinale, Nees. Sassafras. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, chiefly on the hills ; frequent. May. 
 
 In or near all our ravines, but usually small. A large tree grows 
 beyond the Fleming S. H. and middle-sized ones near upper part of 
 Geer’s Gulf. Frequent on Eagle Hill, in Dart Woods, Turkey Hill 
 Woods, and woods on the hills of Caroline and Danby. 
 
 320. LiNDFRA, Thunberg. 
 
 779. *L. Benzoin, Meisner. Spice-bush. (H. and C. ) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 THYMELACEiE. 
 
 321. Dirca, Linn. 
 
 780. * D. palustris, L. Leatherwood. Moose-wood. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods ; infrequent. Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 Case. Creek. Six Mile Creek on Beechwood Flats. Dryden-Lan- 
 sing Swamp. Round-Marsh Woods. Swamps of Groton. North 
 of Cayuta L. 
 
 322. Daphne, Linn. 
 
 781. D. MezerEUM, L. The MezerEum was detected growing spon- 
 taneously by the road from Trumansburg to Taughannock, 1884 (A. 
 L. Coville .) Also a single shrub on the east shore of Cayuta L. 
 1885. (F. V. Coville .) Hillside near Groton, 1886, ( IV. Morton.) 
 
 ELiEAGNACE^E. 
 
 323. Shepherdia, Nutt. 
 
 782. S. Canadensis, Nutt. ShEpherdia. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cliffs and rocky slopes, where it is frequent. May 1-15. 
 
 Rare in Case. Cr. in Six Mile below Well Falls ; in Fall Creek 
 below Mirror and Ithaca Falls. Common on E. shore of Cayuga 
 Lake ; less common on west shore ; Taughannock and elsewhere. 
 
 SANTALACEiFk 
 
 324. COMANDRA, Nutt. 
 
 783. * C. umbellata, Nutt. Comandra. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods with low Vacciniums and Ceanothus ; common. May 
 
 10-Tune. 
 
 EUPHORBIACEiE. 
 
 325. Euphorbia, Linn. 
 
 784. E. maculata, L. CREEPING SPURGE. (C.) 
 
 Fields and roadsides ; common. July-Oct. 
 
 785. E. hypericifolia, L. (C.) 
 
 Fields in dry soil ; frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 [E. peaTyphyeea, L. at Penn Yan. S. Hart Wright ] 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 Si 
 
 786. E. Esula, L. 
 
 Roadsides ; scarce. June-July. 
 
 Groton, 1875 ; again, 1884. 
 
 787. E. Cyparissias, L. Cypress Spurge. 
 
 Gravelly roadsides ; occasional. May-June. 
 
 Escaping from the Valley Cemetery. Near R. R. beyond Enfield 
 Creek. On the hill beyond Enfield ravine, abundant and not near 
 any dwelling. By R. R. east of Varna. 
 
 788. E. Pepeus, L. 
 
 Scarce ; streets of Ithaca ; Buffalo St. ; E. State Street ; Aurora 
 Street and Mill Street. Grounds of the Pres. White place. 
 
 326. Acaeypha, Linn. 
 
 789. A. Virginica, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields, etc ; common. Aug .-Sept. 
 
 [Mercurialis annua, L., near Penn Yan. Dr. Wright . ] 
 CERATOPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 327. Ceratophyeeum, Linn. 
 
 790. C. demersum, L. HornworT. 
 
 Aquatic ; frequent in all ponds and lakes, but not fruiting. 
 
 CALLITRICHACEiE. 
 
 328. Caleitriche, Linn. 
 
 791. C. verna, L. WATER-STARWORT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ditches and shallow water ; frequent. Blooms all the year. 
 
 792. C. heterophylla, Pursh. WaTER-STARWORT. 
 
 Muddy places and shallow water ; frequent. All the year. 
 
 Forma brevifolia , and forma linearis are both common. 
 
 URTICACEiE. 
 
 329. Uemus, Linn. 
 
 793. *U. fulva, Michx. Seippery Eem. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky banks and ravines ; frequent. April 20-May 10. 
 
 The Campus Brook. Fall Cr., north side. Six Mile Creek, below 
 the mill and elsewhere. 
 
 794. * U. Americana, L. White Eem. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil or low grounds ; common. Apr. 15-30. 
 
 The beautiful form, with slender pendulous branches is frequent, 
 especially along Cayuga Lake ; a fine example near Taughannock 
 landing ; also near Kidder’s Ferry and north ; at Indian Falls, Lud- 
 lowville. The “ Big Elm” at the Elm Tree tavern in McLean is of 
 this form. Old first-growth trees of this form, growing along the 
 borders of swampy woods in Groton, Genoa, and Dryden, exhibit 
 peculiarities of their own ; the trunk being usually very tall and 
 straight, w T ith a crown of short, stout, angular branches, and long, 
 pendulous, ultimate branchlets at the summit, clusters of the slen- 
 der branches of recent growth hanging from sides of the main trunk 
 at intervals. They form the most striking feature in a distant view 
 of these w oods. 
 
82 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 795. U. racemosa, D. Thomas. Corky Eem. (C.) 
 
 Declivities and shores ; also low, rich woods ; frequent. May 1-10. 
 Six Mile Creek, and many of our ravines, especially on sunny 
 
 slopes. Cayuga L. shore. South of Danby village. Dryden. Con- 
 spicuous east of McLean, as tall trees with short branches, thus pre- 
 senting a columnar aspect. At McLean R. R. Sta. is a large tree 
 of this species ; and a remarkable specimen is on the alluvial soil 
 west of Larch Meadow. The latter is fifteen to twenty meters tall; 
 its trunk in descending, forking about a meter and a quarter above 
 the ground, the two divisions entering the ground over a meter 
 apart. These divisions are much flattened, and from one-half to 
 three-quarters of a meter in the greatest diameter. 
 
 330. CEETis, Tourn. 
 
 796. C. occidentalis, L- HackbERRY. (C.) 
 
 Declivities and bottom lands ; infrequent. Apr. 25-May 15. 
 
 Fall Breek,* below Ithaca Fall. Ren wick-Farm slope, and near 
 
 Pleasant Grove Brook. Negundo Woods and lane west. Negusena 
 Creek. W. Hill. 
 
 331. Morus, Tourn. 
 
 797. * M. rubra, L. Red MuebeRRY. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and hillslopes ; not rare. June. 
 
 Byroad Fall Cr. to the “Nook.” Renwick Farm. Below Green- 
 ’ Tree Falls. Cayuga Lake ravines ; as Salmon Cr., Franklin’s, Big 
 Gully, etc. In Danby and Enfield. Not seen in the low woods of 
 Dryden. 
 
 798. M. abba, L. White Mueberry. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and hillslopes ; scarce. June. 
 
 Case. Creek, below Glen Pond. Six Mile Creek, near D. L. & W. 
 railroad, and near the Ferris Brook. Near road beyond the “Nook.” 
 North of Taughannock ravine and elsewhere. 
 
 332. Urtica, Tourn. Nettee. 
 
 799. U. gracilis, Ait. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and waste places ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 800. *U. dioica, L. (H.andC.) 
 
 Rich shaded soil ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Negundo Woods. Near road to Buttermilk Falls. 
 
 333. LaporTEA, Gaudichaud. 
 
 801. L. Canadensis, Gaud. Wood NETTEE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 334. PieEa, Lindl. 
 
 802. P. pumila, Gray. Rich-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist shaded soil ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 335. BcEhmeria, Jacq. 
 
 803. B. cylindrica, Willd. FaeSE NETTEE- (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded soil. Frequent, especially on the marshes. July-Sept. 
 
 336. Parietaria, Tourn. 
 
 804. P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. PEEEITORY. 
 
 Dry places beneath cliffs, where it is frequent. June- Aug. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 83 
 
 Occurs in all our ravines, and near tlie cliffs of the lake shore. 
 “ Ithaca,” {Herb. Sartwell.) 
 
 337. Cannabis, Tourn. 
 
 805. C. sativa, L. Hemp. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich, waste soil ; scarce. July- Aug. 
 
 Near Cascadilla Place. Six Mile Creek, near Ithaca. Forest 
 Home. 
 
 338. Humueus, Finn. 
 
 806. H. Lupulus, L. Hop. (H.andC.) 
 
 Along banks of streams, and in swamps ; scarce. July. 
 
 Island in Beebe Pond. Near mouth of Coy Glen. Near Fall 
 Creek, east of Freeville. Round Marsh and several places in the 
 interior of Beaver Creek Swamp, where it is manifestly native. 
 
 platanacea:. 
 
 339. Peatanus, Linn. 
 
 807. * P. occidentalis, L. Buttonwood. Sycamore. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, especially in alluvial soil ; frequent. June. 
 
 Along Cascadilla and other creeks. These trees — some of them 
 of great size — formerly gave to Negundo Woods the aspect of the 
 western bottom-land woods. 
 
 JUGLANDACE/E. 
 
 340. Jugeans, Linn. 
 
 808. * J. cinerea, L. Butternut. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich uplands ; frequent. May 15-30. 
 
 809. *J. nigra, L. Beack WaenuT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides, fields ; rarely in ravines ; scarce. May 15-30. 
 
 Scattered trees have been observed in about a dozen localities- 
 
 within limits, but in none is the species clearly indigenous except 
 possibly a station along a creek in Fayette. The tree nearest the 
 Campus is on Factory street. 
 
 341. Carya, Nutt. 
 
 810. *C. alba, Nutt. Shagbark-Hickory. (H.andC.) 
 
 Woods and slopes ; common. May 15-June 10. 
 
 Campus, northwest of the chapel, and west of the Engineering 
 Building ; and elsewhere, in woods. 
 
 811. C. microcarpa, Nutt. White Hickory. (Dr. Wright in C.) 
 
 Hillsides ; not uncommon. May 15-June 10. 
 
 Frequent on the Campus, (excellent examples in front of Dr. 
 Law’s residence.) Cayuga L. west shore, in Stevens’ woods; also 
 near Crobar Point and in Wayne’s Woods near Canoga. Woods 
 near Eagle Hill and Snyder Hill. 
 
 This species is reduced to C. alba , Nutt , by some. In this region 
 it is clearly distinct from that species ; its affinities being with C. 
 tomentosa, Nutt., and C. porcina, Nutt. It also agrees clearly with a 
 large series of specimens of C. microcarpa, at the U. S. G. Herb, 
 at Washington, received from different parts of the Union, and is- 
 not essentially different from Nuttall’s figure and description. I re- 
 retain it as a distinct species, because its suppression would be con- 
 fusing to any student of our local plants. 
 
84 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 812. C. sulcata, Nutt. Western Shagbark-Hickory. 
 
 Low bottom-lands, or borders of marshes ; scarce. June 1-15. 
 
 Borders of Cayuga Marshes, west of Cayuga Bridge, (a few trees.) 
 Occasional in low woods in Junius. (Mr. Hankenson sends me spec- 
 imens apparently of the same form, from borders of streams near 
 Lyons and Newark, Wayne Co.) All the foregoing are not strik- 
 ingly different from C. alba , Nutt., at first glance, but are undenia- 
 bly C. sulcata. More striking specimens — differing in some re- 
 spects from the type — are those in the alluvial swamp, east side, and 
 not far from the mouth of Owasco L. inlet. These were the earli- 
 est noticed — (July, 1881.) C. sulcata, Nutt., has not been credited 
 to N. Y. hitherto, although Dr. Torrey in the N. Y. Flora, II., says : 
 “ it is probable that Carya sulcata is a native of N. Y., although I 
 have not found it within the limits of the state.’’ The habitat; 
 the very shaggy bark ; the 7 hairy leaflets on the ordinary branches 
 and 9 leaflets on young shoots ; the winter buds — approaching C. 
 alba ; the bark of twigs — light-colored and less firm and tough, 
 than C. alba ; the exocarp, oblong and of light, porous character 
 always different from C. alba ; the thick-walled rather large, coffee- 
 colored nut, are the most important characters distinguishing this 
 species. The attention of local collectors in Central N. Y. being 
 called to this form, probably it will be found not uncommon. Prof. 
 Sargent writes that there is a large and valuable nut sometimes sold 
 in the markets in the “ Genessee country” under the name of 
 “ King Nut,” which may belong to this species. It would be in- 
 teresting to know what it is, and how widely ‘the name prevails. 
 
 813. C. porcina, Nutt. Pignut Hickory. (C.) 
 
 Upland woods and dry banks ; common. May 15-June 10. 
 
 Especially abundant near the shore of Cayuga L. , in woods. 
 
 814. * C. amara, Nutt. BiTTERNUT Hickory. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines, and rich soil ; frequent. June. 
 
 Near Renwick. Banks of Six Mile Creek ravine. Woods and 
 banks near Freeville and McLean. Cayuga L. ravines ; at Crobar 
 Pt., Paine’s Creek, Aurora, and near Levanna and elsewhere. 
 
 MYRICACEiE. 
 
 342. Myrica, Linn. 
 
 815. M. Comptonia, C. DC. ( Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait.) SwEET- 
 
 FERN. (H. and C.) 
 
 Gravelly soil on the higher hills ; not common. Apr. 20-May. 
 
 Hills on both sides of White Church valley. Danby, on Ball Hill 
 and ridges east of W. Danby. High hills south of Saxon Hill. 
 
 816. M. Gale, L- SWEET GATE. 
 
 Cold sphagnum swamps ; rare. Apr. , May. 
 
 Locke Pond, above and below the bridge, (Savannah, N. Y., Sart- 
 well, H. and C.) 
 
 817. M. cerifera, L. BaybERRY. Junius, in the sphagnum about 
 Newton’s and Lowery’s Ponds. “Junius,” {Herb. Sartwell.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 35 
 
 BETURACE/E. 
 
 343. Betula, Tourn. 
 
 518. B. lenta, R. Black Birch. Sweet Birch. (H. and C.) 
 Woods and ravines ; frequent. May 10-25. 
 
 519. B. lutea, Michx. YELLOW Birch. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and swampy woods ; frequent. May 10-25. 
 
 [B. alba , var. populifolia , Sp. and B. papyracea, Ait are in Sart- 
 Well’s Cat. of 1844; “probably from Wayne Co.,” Wright.~\ 
 
 344. Alnus, Tourn. 
 
 820. A. incana, Willd. SPECKLED ALDER. 
 
 Swamps and near streams ; the common alder. Mar. 20- April. 
 
 821. A. serrulata, Willd. Smooth Alder. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shores ; scarce, always in vicinity of Cayuga R. Mar. 20-April. 
 Indian Spring Marsh, and marsh along north end of Cayuga St. 
 
 Banks of Inlet, and near Right-house. South of Rudlowville Sta. 
 Crobar Pt. Rockwood’s Flats. More or less abundant west side of 
 Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 CUPUEIFERiE. 
 
 345. Corylus, Tourn. 
 
 S22. C. Americana, Walt. American Hazel-nut. (H. and C.) 
 Hillsides and by streams ; frequent. Mar. 20-April. 
 
 Chiefly in the Neguaena valley ; along the creek near the McGraw 
 barns. On Rarch Meadow; near Coy Glen and the Valley Cemetery. 
 Case, ravine, north side, also south of Rddy Dam, above the path. 
 
 823. C. rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel-nut. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hillslopes and ravines ; rather common. Mar. 20-Apr; 
 
 Found in or near all our ravines, in copses near the lake, and on 
 
 the hills in Danby and Caroline as well as in the lower valleys. 
 
 346. Ostrya, Micheli. 
 
 824. O Virginica, Willd. Iron-wood. DEER-wood. (H. and C.) 
 Woods and ravines ; common. Apr. 25-May 15. 
 
 347. Carpinus, Rinn. 
 
 825. C. Caroliniana, Walt. (C. Americana , Michx.) Blue Beech. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Swampy woods and ravines ; common. May 1-20. 
 
 348. QuERCUS, Rinn. 
 
 826. *Q. alba, R. White Oak. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; common. May 25-June 10. 
 
 827. Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Bur-Oak. (H. and C.) 
 
 Row grounds and sunny banks of ravines ; infrequent. May 25- 
 
 June 5. 
 
 Near Renwick. Below Buttermilk Falls. Summit Marsh. North 
 of Freeville. Cayuga Marshes and elsewhere. 
 
 A form with shallow, flat acorn-cups occurs on Rake Ridge Point. 
 
 828. Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp White-oak. (H. and C.) 
 
 Row grounds ; frequent. May 25-June 5. 
 
86 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 Field south of Indian Spring Marsh, and scattered over the Ithaca 
 plain. Occasional in the low woods throughout our territory and 
 extending to Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 829. *Q. Prinus, L. Rock-Oak. ChESTNUT-Oak. (H. and C.) 
 Chiefly 011 banks of ravines and dry hills ; frequent. May 15-30. 
 Most of our specimens have the large nuts, with turbinate cups, 
 
 and leaves usually broad. Forms with narrow leaves and small 
 nuts occur at White Church, Fall Cr., Snyder Hill and elsewhere. 
 A form at White Church has nuts small borne on peduncles 2-3 cm. 
 long. 
 
 830. Q. prinoides, Willd. ( Q . pumila, Michx. ; Q. Prinus , L., var. 
 humilis , Marsh.) 1. This, the dwarf form, occurs very sparingly 
 along the east shore of the lake, north of the High Cliffs between 
 King’s Ferry and Willet’s. (Penn Yan, Herb. Sartwell.) 
 
 831. 2. The arboreal form, (Q. Prinus, L., var. acuminata, Michx. ; 
 Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm ; Q. Castanea Muhl.,) is also rare, on 
 limestone or in its vicinity. May 20-June 1. 
 
 On first ledge of Tully limestone, south of Shurger’s Glen, a few 
 trees. Big Gully, in ravine above the crossing of the second road 
 from the lake, a considerable number of small or middle sized trees. 
 Our trees have the characteristic bark, leaf and nut of this species. 
 I follow Prof’r Sargent in joining these two seemingly distinct 
 forms, as he has had a wide range of specimens and observations 
 on which to base his judgment. 
 
 832. Q. coccinea, Wang. ScareET Oak. (IJ. and C .) 
 
 Dry hills ; infrequent. May 15-25. 
 
 Frequent on the campus, (good examples at the north entrance.) 
 Sparingly at Six Mile Creek Narrows, and near S. S. 420, on South 
 Hill. North of Salmon Creek, and of Lake Ridge, otherwise scarce 
 near the lake shore. Woods N. W. of Pleasant Grove Cemetery. 
 Near Junius Ponds. 
 
 833. Q. tinctoria, Bartram. ( Q . coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gr.) 
 
 YEEEOW Oak. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, especially on hills ; common. May 15-20. 
 
 834. Q- rubra, L. Red Oak. (H. and C.) 
 
 The common oak of the drier woods and lake shore. May 15-25. 
 A good example occurs by the Campus Brook, at the Sage Coll. 
 
 bridge. The leaves of this oak often change to a fine bronze and 
 brownish scarlet, as well as yellow, in the Autumn. Apparent hy- 
 brids with Q. coccinea occur on the Fiske-McGraw grounds. 
 
 349. Castanea, Tourn. 
 
 835. C. vulgaris, Lam., var. Americana, A. DC. (C vesca , L., var. 
 Americana, Michx., Man., p. 455.) Chestnut. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and banks of all the ravines. July 10-20. 
 
 Especially abundant in Dart Woods, woods from Turkey Hill to 
 Ringwood ; and on the hills about White Church. 
 
 350. Fagus, Tourn. 
 
 836. *F. ferruginea, Ait. Beech. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and ravines ; common. May 25-June 10. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 87 
 
 According to Mr. Lewis of \V. Hill, “Red Beech” is the form 
 growing in drier soil and somewhat dwarfed ; “ White Beech,” the 
 form — larger, and of more rapid growth — occurring in richer soil. 
 
 SALICACEAE. 
 
 351. Salix, Tourn. Willow. Osier. 
 
 837. S. nigTa, Marshall. Black Willow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along streams and low shores ; common. Flowers May 20-June 1. 
 
 Case. Cr. Especially abundant Six Mile Cr. and Neguaena Cr. and 
 
 at the head of Cayuga Lake, where it grows in great masses. Its 
 slender bright, green leaves, borne in great abundance help to re- 
 lieve the flat, shore lines more than any other willow. A form with 
 thick, elliptical leaves more woolly on the petiole and branchlets is 
 found near Canoga and elsewhere. The form known as var. falcata 
 is occasional. 
 
 838. S. amygdaloides, Andersson. {Salices Boreali-Americance,n\ Proc. 
 Amer. Acad, of Arts and Set., Vol. IV.) (S. nigra , Marsh, var- 
 ainygdaloides , Anderss. Mon. Sal. p. 21.) Peach Willow. 
 
 “ Leaves broadly lanceolate, 3 / -6 / long, y z - \)/ 2 ' wide, with a long, 
 tapering point, glaucous beneath, closely serrate, petioles long and 
 slender, stipules minute and very early deciduous. Aments, leafy 
 peduncled, elongated-cylindrical, pendulous ; the fertile, when in 
 fruit, lax, long, )/f thick ; scales in the male ament ovate, 
 
 villous with crisp hairs, in the female narrower, somewhat smooth, 
 fugacious : Capsules globose-conical, glabrous, long-pedicelled ; 
 Style very short or obsolete ; stigmas notched,” ( Bebb , in the Botany 
 of the Wheeler Survey , West of the 100th Meridian , p. 240.) Anders- 
 son says the flowers are triandrous, but ours usually have 5 or 6 
 stamens. The older trees attain a height of 9-12 meters and the 
 bark resembles that of S. nigra, but the large lanceolate leaves, 
 whitish below, and the reddish young shoots give it an entirely dif- 
 ferent aspect. From form of leaf and color of twig it is well-named 
 the “ Peach-leaved Willow. ” Its twigs are somewhat tough at the 
 base w r hile those of S. nigra disarticulate very readily. Professor 
 Sargent in “ Forest Trees of Nor. Amer.f ( Census Rep., Vol. IX. 
 1880,) gives the eastern limits of distribution, as Wayne Co., N. Y. 
 We have observed it in stations 30 or 40 miles east of this range. 
 
 Low grounds, streams and shores; abundant. Flowers May 10-30. 
 
 Case. Cr. north of Eddy Pond. Six Mile Cr. Neguaena valley, — 
 abund. Cayuga Lake, whole length. Cayuga Marshes. Montezuma 
 Marshes. Near Waterloo. (Watkins, Seneca L.) Venice, west of 
 Cascade. Scarce near Freeville and Cortland. 
 
 839. S. lucida, Muhl. Shining Willow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Streams and shores ; frequent. May 20-30. 
 
 Case. Cr. below Eddy Pond. Frequent along the low points of 
 Cayuga Lake. In Cayuga Marshes. Near Freeville, McLean, 
 Beaver Cr. Dryden Lake valley, Bear Swamp, and elsewhere. 
 
 840. S. lucida, Muhl. var. with beautiful shining, coriaceous, 
 
 very finely serrate leaves, larger, light-brown pods, and flowers and 
 fruits very much later than in the type, occurs in the Round- 
 Marshes. I have also collected it in Bergen Swamp, N. Y., from 
 
88 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 which place Mr. Bebb has received it. as well as sparingly from N. 
 J., Ohio, and Mich. Flowers from June 10-30 and matures fruits 
 slowly, the writer obtaining pods still in excellent condition, Sept. 
 9. 1880. 
 
 841. S. FRAGIRIS, F. BRITTRE WlRROW. (H.) 
 
 Form, (cultivated) ; “near true S. fragilis ,” according to Mr. 
 
 Bebb. May 10-20. 
 
 Planted near the south barn on Univ. Farm. Near Hibbards Cor- 
 ners. Near Fleming S. H. King’s Ferry Sta. Atwater’s Sta., etc. 
 This form is not pure ►S'. fragilis , F. but probably the result of a 
 crossing several times over with already mixed forms of S. alba , F- 
 in which result ►S’, fragilis , F. decidedly predominates. It is exten- 
 sively propagated from cuttings and planted as a wind-break — pas- 
 sing under the name of “ Black Willow.” Specimens which cannot 
 be clearly distinguished from the cultivated are found on Fall Cr. 
 Marsh, on Myers Pt. and elsewhere growing spontaneously. 
 
 842. S. fragilis, F- X S. alba, F. 
 
 Spontaneous forms with yellowish twigs from Negundo Woods- 
 and by the R. R. near the woods ; also by the R. R. east of Free- 
 ville and east of McFean ; Cayuga Fake shore at Taughannock, on 
 Myer’s Point, Fockwoods Flats and elsewhere, are here included, 
 and are pretty clearly hybrids between the above so-called species, 
 having characteristic traces of their flowers and leaves. 
 
 843. * S. arb a, F. var. viTERRiNA, Koch. — (? form. Probably a hy- 
 brid derived from the true var. vitellina , Koch, and S. fragilis , F. Its 
 branchlets are usually yellow.) YERROw Wirrow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Planted to protect creek and R. R. embankments. May 10-20. 
 
 Willow Pond. Willow Ave. Ithaca along Six Mile Creek, and 
 elsewhere. Also frequently wild along streams and shores. Always 
 pistillate. The hybrids mentioned above, between S. fragilis and 
 ►S', alba are no doubt derived on the ►S', alba side from the present 
 form, which has been long in cultivation ; but the history and ori- 
 gin of the American hybrids, between these two species, are admit- 
 ted by the best authorities to be involved in the greatest obscurity. 
 
 844. S. alba, F. var. vitellina, Koch, X S. lucida, Muhl, (probably.) 
 
 Negusena Creek ; marshes north of Ithaca, along the Cayuga So. 
 
 R. R. ; and Cayuga F. to Union Springs ; not uncommon. May 10-20- 
 
 An arborescent form of luxuriant growth, sometimes its trunk and 
 branches are quite yellow, sometimes gray-green. Its wood is 
 everywhere brittle. Both staminate and pistillate plants occur ; and 
 when in flower, the former are as striking as the best marked spec- 
 ies of willow. Catkins are very abundant, bright yellow, 6-7 cm. 
 long, and fill the air with their peculiar balsamic fragrance. The 
 stamens, — usually 4-5 in each flower, — leaves and stipules suggest 
 ►S', lucida , while the long catkins, color of twigs in many, and the 
 habit of the plant, are like ►S’, alba-vitellina. (Also grows in 
 Wayne Co., N. Y., E. L. Hankenson.) 
 
 S. arba, F. var argentea, distinguished by its silky-canescent 
 
 leaves and young twigs ; and S. arba, F. var. viTERRINA, Koch, are 
 
THE CAY VGA FLOE A. 
 
 89 
 
 in cultivation on the Fiske-McGraw grounds. Cuttings of these 
 and S. alba, L- (pura,) have been transferred to Cascadilla Cr. and 
 Woods. 
 
 Several other forms, each with peculiar characteristics, are found 
 in different places, chiefly near the lake. These appear to be hy- 
 brids derived from the fragiles group, (with the influence of the 
 nigrce group apparent in some,) but their exact position cannot be 
 determined at present. 
 
 S45. *S. Babylonica, Toum. Weeping Willow. (H). 
 
 Planted, and rarely escaping along the lake, (probably from wind- 
 fall twigs) as at Myers Point. May 10-20. 
 
 846. S. longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Willow. 
 
 Sandy and rocky shores ; not common. May 15-June 10. 
 
 Fall Cr. below Island Fall, ( Miss /. .S*. Amold.)\ North of Esty 
 Glen. Myers Pt. and near Ludlowwille Sta. Fake Ridge Point. In 
 several places between King’s Ferry and Lake Ridge. Mouth of 
 Paine’s Creek. Lockwood’s Flats. Farley’s Point. Canoga. Often 
 blooming in Aug. on the lake-shore, where the twigs are badly dis- 
 torted by a fusiform insect-gall. 
 
 847. S. discolor, Muhl. Glacous Willow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, or even rocky banks ; common. Apr. 15-30. 
 
 The earliest willow to bloom, and one of the most variable. An- 
 thers sometimes salmon-pink, sometimes wholly or partially trans- 
 formed into ovaries. Young, catkins sometimes 10-12 cm. long and 
 cylindrical, while in specimens on Summit Marsh, they are 0/2 
 cm. and globular. The latter specimens are peculiar in their yel- 
 low-brown bud scales, coriaceous, shining, almost cuspidate leaves, 
 and dwarf stems. 
 
 848. S. rostrata, Richardson. (S. livid a, Wahl. var. occidentalism Gr., 
 Man., p. 464.) 
 
 Ravines, lake-shore and marshes ; frequent. Apr. 20-May 10 ; or 
 later in sphagnum marshes, and rarely a second time, in Aug. 
 
 It occasionally becomes a low tree 15-25 cm. in diameter. Bulb- 
 ous insect-galls in the twigs are frequent. 
 
 S. caprea, L. ( forma pendula ) characterized by its umbrella-like 
 mass of drooping branches, and its broad, woolly leaves, is frequently 
 planted in town, and is allied to the preceding species. 
 
 849. S. myrtilloides, L. MYRTLE WILLOW. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; rare. May 20-30. 
 
 Freeville, north of the village, only the pistillate plants. “Lodi 
 Seneca Co., Dr. Folwell ” (See Flora of N. Y. II p. 213.) Junius 
 Seneca Co. {Sartwell H. and C.) 
 
 850. S. petiolaris, Smith. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and marshes ; frequent. Apr. 25-May 15. 
 
 Fall Cr. on the Circus Common, and in the Marsh. Lake Ridge 
 Point. Cayuga Marshes, abundant. Summit Marsh, a dwarf form 
 with short catkins. This species, especially the staminate plant, be- 
 fore the leaves appear, is difficult to distinguish from Y. sericea , 
 Marsh. The writer has found without exception in testing a large 
 
9 o 
 
 THE CAYVGA FLORA. 
 
 number of cases, that the twigs do not disarticulate at the base, i. e., 
 they are “tough,” while the twigs of sericea have long been 
 known to be “brittle,” (See Marshall, Arbustum Amer. 1785, p. 
 140; and Pursh , Flora Amer. Sept. 1814, II, p. 616.) 
 
 851. S. sericea, Marshall. Sii^ky Wiuow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 Case. Cr. below Eddy Pond. Fall Cr. and the borders of the lake- 
 marshes. Abund. at Freeville, Round Marshes, Beaver Cr. and else- 
 where. Dwarf forms with beautifully silky leaves at Summit 
 Marsh. The fusiform galls on the twigs very abundant and broader 
 than in 5 . longifolia. 
 
 852. S. humilis, Marshall, Low Willow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods along the glens, and frequent on the tops of the highest 
 
 hills. Apr. 15-30. 
 
 Case. Woods. Fall Cr. Coy Glen. South Hill. High hills of 
 Dryden, Caroline, Danby and Newfield. The delicate pink of the 
 young anthers is very characteristic. 
 
 853. S. cordata, Muhl. H E ART-HEAVED Wittow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and shores ; common. Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 Variable in the appearance of pistillate catkin and scales, and in 
 
 leaf ; also hybridizing freely. This species, ►S’, humilis and N. dis- 
 color often produce galls in the form of cones at the ends of the 
 branches. 
 
 854. S. cordata, Muhl. X S. sericea, Marsh. {S. myricoides, Muhl ; — 
 Salix cordata, var. myricoides , of Gray’s Man. , p. 464, probably. ) 
 Fall Cr. on the Circus Common. Near the head of the lake. By 
 the R. R. south of Ithaca, and elsewhere ; frequent. 
 
 855. S. cordata, Muhl. X S. petiolaris, Marsh. 
 
 West Danby valley. Certain forms from the Fall Creek Common 
 also seem to belong here. 
 
 856. S. Candida, Willd. Hoary Wii^ow. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum marshes or cold swamps ; rare. Apr. 25-May 10. 
 Fleming Meadow. Locke Pond. Junius, [Sartwell H. and C.)\ 
 
 near Newton’s and Lowery’s Ponds. Larch Swamp, S. W. of Sa- 
 vannah, N. Y. 
 
 857. S. incana, Schrank. X S. cordata, Muhl. ? nov. hyb. 
 
 One cluster, spontaneous, on East hill, opposite residence of B. 
 G. Jayne. April 25-May 10. 
 
 Detected, 1884 ; flowers collected May 2, 1885. 
 
 Stem, shrubby, dark, reddish-brown, branchlets somewhat wool- 
 ly-canescent, not disarticulating at the base. Buds oblong, brown 
 or reddish brown, outer scales of the flowering buds separating into 
 parallel plates as in ►S', cordata, Muhl, and N. Candida, Willd. 
 Leaves linear-lanceolate, numerous, 3-8 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad 
 in the middle, tapering to a rather acuminate apex, and below into 
 short petiole, margin sharply and regularly glandular-serrulate, at 
 first white tomentose all over, soon nearly smooth and rather 
 dark green above, glaucous and more or less tomentose below. The 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 9i 
 
 foliage altogether of a gray or silver-green aspect, and does not 
 blacken in drying. Stipules narrowly* lanceolate or almost seta- 
 ceous, somewhat glandular-denticulate when young. Catkins — 
 pistillate, 2-3 cm. long, (or 3-4 cm. when mature,) slender compact, 
 erect, resembling .S'. incana , Schrank ; abundantly leafy bracted at 
 the base, bracts inclining to be abruptly acute, mucrouate or ob- 
 tuse, even in the mature state. Ovaries stalked, glabrous, lanceo- 
 late, style slender, stigmas deeply bifid, each branch with two, 
 rarely three, oblong lobes, scale oblong, ^ the length of the ovary, 
 smooth on the back but ciliate with numerous long white hairs, 
 whitish or purplish tipped when young, inclining to be acute, espe- 
 pecially in the lower part of the catkin. Mature seeds very few. 
 
 .S. incana , Schrank., a willow from the Alps and Pyrenees, is in 
 cultivation on the grounds of B. G. Jayne ; also of J. D. Carpenter, 
 Buffalo St. Both trees are pistillate. It was clear by comparison, 
 that our hybrid was allied to .S’, incana , and in spite of the presence 
 of occasional stipules I referred the former to the latter as an intro- 
 duced variety of it. Referring the plant to Mr. Bebb, as a final 
 authority, he replied that it was a hybrid , of somewhat surprising 
 character. He says : “it cannot have been introduced. There is 
 nothing like it in the European Flora. ” “ It is indeed clearly allied 
 
 to S. incana and just as clearly not S. incana. * * * The depar- 
 ture from .S’, incana is wholly in the direction of American and not 
 European forms. ” He thinks it clearly a hybrid between .S', incana , 
 Schrank, on one hand, and probably S. cordata , Muhl., on the other, 
 (or possibly 6". petiolaris, Sm.;) although, in the absence of experi- 
 ment, he does not wish to pronounce finally. He found pistils of S. in- 
 cana , (which I collected here, 1881,) to have been fertilized , probably 
 by some American willow, as staminate .S', incana is not cultivated 
 in this region. Comparing the hybrid with the parent it differs 
 from S. incana ; in branchlets tough near the base ; leaves and leafy 
 bracts more abundant at flowering time, shorter more tapering and 
 less woolly beneath when mature, sharply glandular serrate and 
 margins scarcely revolute. (S. incana has long, linear, slightly den- 
 ticulate leaves, woolly beneath with margins revolute ;) stipules 
 present, ovary somewhat longer-stalked ; style longer and slen- 
 derer ; stigmas 4 or 5 (instead of 2 or 3) and shorter lobed ; scale 
 elliptic and inclined to be acute (instead of truncate) ciliate with 
 longer, more abundant white hairs. (S. incana hybridizes freely 
 with Eur. Willows. (See And. in DC. Prod., XVI, (2) p. 302-305.) 
 It has no near relatives indigenous to the American continent. 
 
 858. S. PURPUREA E. Purple WlEEOW. 
 
 Introduced and frequent along the lake-shore. Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 Staminate plants occur near the light-house at the Inlet, at King’s 
 Ferry, Aurora, Union Springs, on the Pearson estate by Negusena 
 Cr. (formerly cultivated there,) near Mud.Cr., and Beaver Cr. in 
 Dryden, and in Ulysses and Venice. Pistillate plants are in culti- 
 vation in Ithaca, village and cemetery. 
 
92 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 352. Popueus, Tourn. 
 
 859. * P. tremuloides, Michx. American or Quaking-aspen. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of ravines, hillsides and hills ; common. April. 
 
 860. P. grandidentata, Michx. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods and hills ; common, April. 
 
 861. * P. monilifera, Ait. Eastern Cottonwood. -Necklace Pop- 
 
 ear. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Shores and river-banks ; not uncommon, April 25-May 10. 
 
 Fall Creek, Beebe Pond and below Ithaca Fall. Case. Creek, be- 
 low the bridge. Near Six Mile Creek. Near Ren wick, and fre- 
 quent along Neguaena Cr., and on the shores of Cayuga Lake. 
 
 862. P. balsamifera, L. Balsam Popear. (H.) FI. May 1-10. 
 
 Bank of Taughannock ravine, on the steep, wooded slope at the 
 
 top of the north bank, north of the Falls. The trees are near the 
 great curve of the ravine bank, and are probably indigenous, re- 
 sembling in habitat and appearance those seen at Niagara and else- 
 where. The trees are small, seven of the larger being only 15-20 
 cm. in diameter, but appearing like old trees. Wild, but apparent- 
 ly introduced, on the high bank above the C. S. R. R., south of 
 Willet’s Sta. Cultivated trees, (staminate and pistillate) in front of 
 Mr. Mead’s, E. of Judd’s Falls ; in meadow near White Church 
 Sta., and elsewhere. 
 
 863. P. BAESAMIFERA, L-, Var. CANDICANS, Gr. BAEM OF GlEEAD, 
 
 (C.) 
 
 Planted occasionally. May 15-30. 
 
 On Heustis St., Ithaca. Danby. McLean. Myers Point. At 
 Round Marshes, about the borders of Pond Meadow, are thirty or 
 more trees from % to over ^ of a meter in diam. From their rela- 
 tive position it is altogether probable that they were planted next 
 to an old ditch made many years since. But this is only evident 
 after close inspection, as considerable undergrowth at present sur- 
 rounds them. The trees are all pistillate. Young trees near, have 
 probably sprung up from windfall twigs. 
 
 864. *P. DIEATATA, Ait, LOMBARDY POPEAR. (H.) 
 
 E. of State St., opposite Spring St., Ithaca, but apparently spon- 
 taneous, (perhaps from floating twigs,) on Cayuga L. at Myer’s 
 Point, Lake Ridge Point, and near Willet’s Sta. (Plants all pistil- 
 late. ) 
 
 P. aeba, L. (The AbeeE,) near the Cayuga St. bridge over Six Mile 
 Cr., and on South Hill near the R. R., suckers freely from the 
 spreading roots. (Plants staminate.) 
 
 P. TREMUEA, L. Eur. Aspen, is occasionally planted, 011 the Campus. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 93 
 
 MONOCOTTIjEDONS. 
 
 HYDROCHARIDACE. 3 E. 
 
 353. Anacharis, Richard. 
 
 865. A. Canadensis, Planchon. Water Snake-weed. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pools and slow-flowing streams ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 354. Vaeeisneria, Miclieli. 
 
 866. * V. spiralis, L. Eee-GRASS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Lakes and their inlets and outlets ; common. Aug. 
 
 ORCHIDACE^E. 
 
 355. Microstyeis, Nutt. 
 
 S67. M. monophyllos, Lindl. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 In deep cold swamps, rarely in ravines ; scarce. June 20-July. 
 
 Swamps near Freeville. Mud Cr. and Beaver Cr. Ellis Hollow 
 Swamp. Spring Brook on Thacher’s Pinnacle, ( O . E. Pearce.) 
 Cascadilla ravine, {Mrs. C. G. Ames , 1875; also within a few years.) 
 Near Smith’s Corner’s, north of Cayuta L. 
 
 356. Liparis, Richard. Twaybeade. 
 
 868. L. liliifolia, Richard. 
 
 Near “ Ovid, Seneca Co., ( Chickering and Brewer in Sart. Herb.) 
 a doubtful specimen. 
 
 869. L. Lceselii, Richard. 
 
 Cold mossy banks, and marshes; infrequent. June 25-July. 
 
 Case. Creek. Marsh between Fall Cr. and the lake. Freeville, 
 {F. C. Curtice.) Springs near Mud Creek. Ringwood. Summit 
 Marsh. Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 
 357. APLECTRUM. Nutt. 
 
 870. * A. hyemale, Nutt. Putty-root. Adam-and-Eve. 
 
 Rich woods ; scarce. June 1-20. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., 1872! 1879! and by O. E. Pearce in 1884. In 
 McGowan Woods, woods W. of Etna, Neguaena valley south of 
 Larch Meadow, (F. C. Curtice.) South of the Dryden-Lansing 
 Swamp, {F. L. Kilborne.) Woods near Varna, {H. L. Locke and 
 C. S. Sheldon.) Near Ludlowville, {Mr. Lord.) Ledyard, 1827, 
 when it was frequent, {Herb-J. J. Thomas.) Ovid, N. Y., {Chick- 
 ering and Brewer , in Herb. Sartwell.) 
 
 358. CoRAEEORHiZA, Haller. Corae-ROOT. 
 
 871. C. innata, R. Br. 
 
 Deep swamps ; rare. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Dryden-Lansing Swamp. Ellis Hollow Swamp. Borders of Mud 
 Cr. Swamp. 
 
 [C. odontorhiza, Nutt. Yates Co., .S. H. Wright.~\ 
 
 872. C. multiflora, Nutt. 
 
 Woods ; frequent. June 20-Aug. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
94 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 359. Spiranthes, Richard. Ladies’ Tresses. 
 
 873. S. latifolia, Torr. 
 
 Wet places, near springs and streams ; not uncommon. June. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Six Mile Creek. Case. Cr., toward Ellis Hollow. 
 In White Church valley. Near W. Danby, Freeville and else- 
 where. Junius, ( Herb . Sartwell.) 
 
 874. S. Romanzoffiana, Chamisso. 
 
 Springy, mossy places ; scarce. July- Aug. 15. 
 
 Not uncommon in the vicinity of Mud Creek, Freeville. Brook- 
 ton Springs. Summit Marsh, and Newton’s Pond, Junius. 
 
 875. S. cernua, Richard. 
 
 Marshes and wet meadows ; frequent. Sept. 
 
 Larch Meadow, 1878, ( Professor Trelease.) ! Fleming Meadow. 
 Near Mud Creek. Near Beaver Cr. and Round Marsh. Dryden L. 
 valley. White Church valley and elsewhere. Junius, {Herb. 
 Sartwell . ) 
 
 876. S. gracilis, Bigel. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods, frequently with pines ; frequent. July 15- Aug. 15. 
 
 Case. Cr. woods. Fall Cr. woods and elsewhere. 
 
 360. Goodyera, R. Br. 
 
 877. G. repens, R. Br. (C. by Dr. Wright. 
 
 In cool moist woods of Coniferae ; not rare. July 25-Aug. 25. 
 
 878. *G. pubescens, R. Br. Rattlesnake Plantain. (H. and C.) 
 
 In woods, especially of Coniferae ; abundant. Aug. 
 
 In Case. Woods. Fall Creek and elsewhere. 
 
 879. G. Menziesii, Lindl. 
 
 Michigan Hollow, borders of the deep swamp ; not in flower but 
 leaves and buds evidently of this species. Dr. Gray obtained it in 
 “ Western N. Y.” — it is believed from Seneca Co., — in 1831. 
 
 361. Arethusa, Gronov. 
 
 880. A. bulbosa, L. Arethusa. 
 
 Sphagnum bogs ; rare. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Freeville bog, 1874, ( E . H. Palmer .) ! Junius, {Sartwell H. 
 and C.) 
 
 362. Caeopogon, R. Br. 
 
 881. C. pulchellus, R. Br. Caeopogon. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum marshes ; scarce. June 20-Julv 20. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Freeville. Malloryville. Round Marsh. 
 
 363. Pogonia, Juss. 
 
 882. P. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Pogonia. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum bogs ; infrequent. June 20-July 20. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Freeville. Malloryville. Round Marsh, and 
 bog S. E. of Chicago Sta. 
 
 883. P. pendula, Lindl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Sheldrake Point, {Dr. A. Gray , 1831.) (Geneva, Dr.J. Smithin 
 Sartw. Herb. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 95 
 
 884. P. verticillata, Nutt. 
 
 High hills, (in our region,) in moist woods; rare. May 20-June 15. 
 Caroline, in woods 011 top of Bald Hill, and west slope of Taft 
 Hill. Danby, in woods on Ball Hill. 
 
 364. Orchis, Linn. 
 
 885. *0. spectabilis, L. Showy Orchis. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods and moist banks ; not uncommon. May 20-June 10. 
 Probably common in this region formerly, as it was in Ledyard 
 
 fifty years since, according to Professor Thomas. At present it is 
 evenly and sparingly distributed throughout our Cayuga L. basin. 
 
 365. Peruearia, Lindl. 
 
 886. P. virescens, Gray. ( Habenaria virescens , Spreng.) 
 
 Marshy places ; not common. June 20-July 20. 
 
 Marsh between Fall Creek and Cayuga L. (F. C. Curtice .) Dart 
 Woods. Open meadow, with club mosses, between Bald Hill and Taft 
 Hill, Caroline. 
 
 366. Habenaria, Willd., R. Br. 
 
 887. H. tridentata, Hook. 
 
 Cold swamps ; rare. July 15-30. 
 
 Freeville bog, (F. B. Hine)\ Mud Cr. swamp. Some of the Mud 
 Cr. specimens are wholly wanting in spurs to the corolla. ‘ ‘ J unius, ’ ’ 
 (Herd. Sartwell.) 
 
 888. H. viridis, R. Br., var. bracteata, Reich. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravine N. of Buttermilk Glen ? 
 
 889. H. hyperborea, R. Br. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold swamps and marshy places ; frequent. June 15- Aug. 
 
 Beside the common form, which is usually out of bloom by the 
 
 middle of July, there is a form in beech and maple woods, usually 
 dwarf and blooming in the latter part of July and in Aug. Speci- 
 mens of this form from McGowan Woods were destitute of spurs and 
 the lip resembled that of H. dilatata , Gr. 
 
 890. H. dilatata, Gray. 
 
 Cold swamps ; less frequent than the preceding. June 15-July. 
 
 891. H. Hookeri, Torr. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Woods of mingled Coniferae and hardwood ; frequent. Jun e-July. 
 Case. Woods ( E . H. Palmer , 1874) also 1883 ! University Grove 
 
 formerly, {Dr. Jordan.) The finest specimens are in the old woods 
 on the higher hills. A form approaching var. oblongifolia , occurs 
 on Thacher’s Pinnacle. 
 
 892. H. orbiculata, Torr. (H. and C.) 
 
 Deep, old woods, especially on the hills; infrequent. June 20- 
 
 July 20. 
 
 It occurs in Dart Woods, Turkey Hill Woods, and Rhodes 
 Woods; also in the extensive woods on Taft Hill, Caroline, and Ball 
 Hill, Danby ; in Signer’s Woods and elsewhere. 
 
 893. H. ciliaris, R. Br. Yeeeow Fringed-orchis. Junius, ( Sart- 
 well , H. and C.) 
 
96 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 894. H. blephariglottis, Hook. White Fringed Orchis. Junius, 
 
 (, Sartwell , H. andC.) 
 
 895. H. lacera, R. Br. Green Fringed Orchis. 
 
 Swamps and meadows ; infrequent. July. 
 
 Southeast of South Hill Marsh in several places. Dryden-Lansing 
 Swamp. Freeville bog. (F. B. Hine)\ Lowery’s Pond, Junius. 
 “Junius” ( Sartw . H. and C.) 
 
 896. H. psycodes, Gray. ‘ (H. and C.) 
 
 Meadows and swamps ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Buttermilk ravine. White Church and else- 
 where. 
 
 897. H. fimbriata, R. Br. PurpeE Fringed Orchis. (H. and C.) 
 Swamps where it is quite common. June-July 15. 
 
 Specimens with pure white flowers occur in Michigan Hollow 
 
 Swamp. * 
 
 367. Cypripedium, Linn. 
 
 898. C. parv florum, Salisb. Smaee Yeeeow Lady-seippER. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and swamps ; not common. May 25-June. 
 
 Two-flowered specimens come from Six Mile Creek below the 
 landslide, ( O . E. Pearce) ; and from Michigan Hollow Swamp. The 
 ordinary form in Cascadilla Woods, ( Miss Hale.) near Freeville, 
 Malloryville, etc. 
 
 899. * C. pubescens, Willd. Large Yeeeow Lady-slipper. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and swamps ; frequent. May 25-June. 
 
 University Grove, formerly, ( Dr . Jordan.) Cascadilla Woods. 
 Abundant in the swamps of Freeville, Beaver Cr. and elsewhere. 
 Two-flowered specimens are occasional. 
 
 900. C. spedtabile, Swartz. Showy Lady-seippER. (H. and C.) 
 Cold marshes or open places in deep swamps where it is frequent. 
 
 June 15. -July. 
 
 Scarce in Larch Meadow, Buttermilk ravine, and Enfield ravine. 
 Abundant along Mud Creek, in Beaver Creek Swamps and Michi- 
 gan Hollow Swamp. In Wyckoff Swamp, and Malloryville Marsh. 
 The most splendid of our native orchids, this species is seen in per- 
 fection in the half shaded sphagnum openings in the middle of 
 thick swamps. The plants are occasionally a meter or more high. 
 
 901. * C. acaule, Ait. I’ink Lady-seippER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods, often from moldering trunks of fallen pines and 
 
 hemlocks ; frequent. June. 
 
 Rare in Case. Woods, ( O . L. Taylor)\ and Fall Cr. Woods, but 
 found in or near all our larger ravines, and frequent in Dart Woods, 
 Rhodes Woods, Round-Marsh woods, and those of a similar char- 
 acter, throughout our territory. 
 
 IRXDACE/E. 
 
 368. Iris, Linn. 
 
 902. * I. versicolor, L- BEUE-FEAG. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and swamps ; common. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 97 
 
 903. I. PSEUDACORUS, L. YEEEOW IRIS. 
 
 Established in marshy places ; scarce. June 1-20. 
 
 Marsh south of the Glass Works. {Mr. Lord ; F. B. Hine ') ! 
 Between Fall Cr. and the lake, (F. C. Curtice ) ! South of Union 
 Springs, near the R. R. 
 
 369, Sisyrinchium, Linn. 
 
 904. *S. anceps, Cav. {S. Burmudiana, L., of Man., in part.) Beue- 
 
 eyed Grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 The typical form near Negundo Woods, Freeville, Poplar Ridge, 
 and elsewhere. The form with leaves of spathe nearly equal and 
 narrower, is more frequent; Case. Cr. {Dr. Jordan) ! Fall Cr. , 
 Farley’s Pt., Freeville, Danby, etc. May-June. 
 
 935. S. mucronatum, Michx. {S. Bermudiana , L., var. mucronatum , 
 Man., p. 517.) 
 
 Scarce, in Ithaca Cemetery, {Kilborne.) ! 
 
 Possibly both the above species should be united under S. angus- 
 tifolium , Mill. (See IV. B. Hemsley, in Jour, oj Bot ., XXII, p. 
 108. 
 
 AMARYLLIDACEiE. 
 
 370. Hypoxys, Linn. 
 
 906. * H. erecta, L. Star-Grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 Meadows and grassy slopes ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 Case. Cr. near Eddy Pond. Fall Cr. South Hill and elsewhere. 
 
 SMILACEiE. 
 
 371. Smieax, Tourn. 
 
 [* S. rotundifolia, L-, is in Dr. Thompson’s Cat., (probably a mistaken 
 identification of the next.) It is in Sartwell’s Cat. of 1844, but the 
 specimen in his herbarium is from Brooklyn, N. Y.] 
 
 907. S. hispida, Muhl. Green-brier. 
 
 Woods and swamps ; frequent. June. 
 
 Case. Woods, near the Goldwin Smith Walk. Fall Creek, and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 908. S. herbacea, L. Carrion-FEOWER. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. June. 
 
 Case. Woods, Fall Cr., north of Beebe Pond and elsewhere. 
 
 LILIACEiE. 
 
 372. Aeeium, Linn. 
 
 909. A. tricoccum, Ait. Wied LEEK. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods ; infrequent. Leaves in May, flowers in 
 
 July. 
 
 Six Mile Cr. Taughannock ravine. Woods near Mud Cr. and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 910. A. Canadense, Kalm. Wied Gareic. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Ravines and fields ; infrequent. May 20-June 20. 
 
 Fall Cr. on the island in Beebe Pond, {Curtice and Kilborne) ; 
 below Ithaca Fall. Field near the Salt-well at Aurora and elsewhere. 
 
98 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 Ornithogarum umbeeratum, E. — Star of Bethrehem — was 
 found on the island in Beebe Pond, 1880, by Mr. Curtice ; and rare- 
 ly escapes to roadsides. 
 
 373. Polygon atum, Tourn. 
 
 911. * P. biflorum, Ell. Soromon’s Sear. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; common. May. 
 
 912. *P. giganteum, Dietrich. Earger Soromon’s Sear. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Scarce ; in Negundo Woods and elsewhere in the valley. 
 
 374. Smiracina, Desf. 
 
 913. *S. racemosa, Desf. Farse Soromon’s Sear. (H.andC.) 
 Ravines and woods ; common. May 20-June 20. 
 
 914. S. stellata, Desf. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods and spring-marshes ; frequent. May. 
 
 915. S. trifolia, Desf. Three-REAVED S. 
 
 Very rare ; only in the Spruce Swamp on Enfield hill. May 20- 
 June 20. 
 
 375. Maianthemum, Weber. Two-reaved Soromon’s Sear. 
 
 916. * M. Canadense, Desf. ( Smilacina bifolia , var. Canadensis , Gr., 
 
 Man., p. 530.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and woods ; very common. June. 
 
 376. Asparagus, Linn. 
 
 917. A. officinaris, L. Asparagus. 
 
 Slopes of hills and ravines ; frequent on the lake shore from hake 
 Ridge to Eudlowville Sta. June. 
 
 377. Lirium, Tourn. 
 
 918. * L. Philadelphicum, E. Wood Eiry. (H.andC.) 
 
 Dry woods ; frequent, especially on the hills. July. 
 
 Fall Creek Woods. South Hill. Dart Woods. Turkey Hill 
 Woods, and elsewhere. 
 
 919. L. Canadense, E. (H and C.) 
 
 Meadows and swamps ; scarce. June 20-July. 
 
 Beaver Creek and Mud Creek. Rhodes Woods. South of Ithaca. 
 
 920. * L. superbum, E. Turk’S-CAP EiRY. (C.) 
 
 Meadows and swamps ; frequent. July. 
 
 Case. Woods. Earch Meadow. Fall Cr. toward Freeville, etc. 
 378. Erythronium, Einn. 
 
 921. *E. Americanum, Smith. YERROW Adder-Tongue (H. and C.) 
 Fields and ravines ; very common. April-May 15. 
 
 379. Uvuraria, Einn. Beer-wort. 
 
 922. * U. perfoliata, E. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along ravines and borders of woods ; frequent. May. 
 
 923. U. grandiflora, Smith. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods ; common. May. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 99 
 
 380. Oakksia, Watson. 
 
 924. *0. sessilifolia, Wats. ( Uvularia sessilifolia, L. Man., p. 528.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 In ravines and woods ; frequent. May. 
 
 381. Streptopus, Michx. 
 
 925. S. roseus, Michx. Twisted-staek. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and swamps ; abundant. May. 
 
 382. Prosartes, D. Don. 
 
 926. P. lanuginosa, Don. Prosartes. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich woods ; infrequent. May. 
 
 Six Mile Creek ; slope near Beech woods. McGowan Woods. 
 Dart Woods. Turkey Hill and Rhodes Woods. Caroline, on Bald 
 Hill and Taft Hill, and elsewhere. 
 
 383. Ceintonia, Raf. 
 
 927. C. borealis, Raf. Ceintonia. 
 
 Cold swamps or vicinity of peat bogs ; frequent. 
 
 Ellis Hollow Swamp. Dryden-Lansing Sw., 
 
 Abundant near Freeville, McLean and Danby. 
 
 384. Medeoea, Gronov. 
 
 928. M. Virginica, L. Indian Cucumber- root. 
 
 Rich woods ; abundant. June. 
 
 385. Trieeium, Linn. 
 
 929. * T. ere<ftum, Linn. Birthroot. 
 
 Ravines and rich soil ; common. May. 
 
 The form called in Gray’s Manual “ var. album ” is not uncom- 
 mon in Six Mile Cr. Negundo Woods. Near Beaver Cr. and Mud 
 Cr. A form near “ var. declinatum ” of Man. occurs in rich soil of 
 Negundo Woods and Taughannock ravine ; its flowers are usually 
 pink, rarely nearly white. A form with perianth wholly green oc- 
 curs in our woods rarely. 
 
 930. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. White Trieeum. “ White Liey,” 
 
 (local.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil ; very common. May. 
 
 Much given to monstrosities. Specimens with four leaves come 
 from “ Camp Warwick,” north of King’s Ferry; with 4 petals and 4 
 sepals from Fall Cr., {F. B. Hine.) A series of specimens from 
 woods E. of Levanna show flowers with green-striped petals, and 
 petals green except on the margin ; others with stalked sepals and 
 green petals, and with long petioled leaves from, or near the base 
 of the stem. Double-flowered specimens from Wood wardia Swamp 
 Woods, have about 14 parts to the perianth. 
 
 931. T. cernuum, L. Nodding Trieeium. 
 
 Swamps : rare. May. 
 
 Borders of the Round-Marshes ! one specimen, 1884, by F. M. 
 Fitts. It ought to occur in Michigan Hollow. It is in Dr. Thomp- 
 son’s Cat., but he probably mistook T. grandiflorum for it, as the 
 latter is not mentioned. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 May 25-June. 
 {Dr. Jordan ) 1 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
IOO 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 932. * T. erythrocarpum, Michx. PAINTED TRIEEIUM. (C.) 
 
 Cool woods and swamps, where it is frequent. May. 
 Dryden-Lansing Sw. Ellis Hollow Sw. and frequent in the 
 swamps of Freeville, McLean, Danby, Newfield, etc. 
 
 386. Veratrum, Tourn. 
 
 933 - *V. viride, Ait. Green HEEEEBORE. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps ; frequent. July. 
 
 387. Cham^Eeirium, Willd. 
 
 934. C. Carolinianum, Willd. ( C . luteum , Gray, Man., p. 527.) Beaz- 
 
 ing Star. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, especially on the higher hills ; sparingly but widely dis" 
 tributed. June 15-July 15. 
 
 Cascadilla and Fall Cr. Woods. Turkey Hill and elsewhere. 
 
 388. Hemerocaeeis, Linn. Day Liey. 
 
 935. H. fueva, L. (July 1-15,) is established by roadsides. South of 
 Judd’s Falls, in Enfield ravine and in many places. 
 
 Muscari botryoides, Mill., escapes to lawns on E. State street, 
 Ithaca, etc.; and to roadsides near Taughannock landing, {F. H. 
 Severance.) 
 
 PONTEDERIACEiE. 
 
 389. PonTEDERIA, Linn. 
 
 936. P. cordata, L. PiCKEREE WEED. 
 
 Marshes, borders of lakes and ponds ; common. July 20-Aug. 
 390. SCHOEEERA, Schreber. 
 
 937. S. graminifolia, Willd. (S. gramtnea, of Man.) Water Star- 
 GRASS. 
 
 Cayuga L-, its inlets and outlet; abundant. Aug. 
 
 JUNCACEAE. 
 
 391. Luzuea, DC. Wood-rush. 
 
 938. L. pilosa, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and moist pastures ; common. April 15-May. 
 
 939. L. campestris, DC. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, etc. ; frequent. May. 
 
 392. Juncus, Linn. Rush. 
 
 940. J. effusus, L- Buerush. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places ; common. July. 
 
 941. J. effusus, L., var. conglomeratus, Engl., occurs south side of 
 Taughannock, and elsewhere. 
 
 942. J. marginatus, Rostkov. 
 
 Wet pastures; scarce. Aug. 
 
 South Hill Marsh. Meadow west of Freeville. 
 
 943. J. bufonius, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet shores and low places ; not uncommon. July. 
 
 944. J. Gerardi, Loisel. Beack Grass. 
 
 Sparingly, on the brackish marshes E. of Montezuma, north of 
 main road. July. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 IOI 
 
 945 - J- tenuis, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds and paths ; common. July- Aug. 
 
 A slender form, with 3-8 flowers in the panicle and perianth no 
 longer than the pod, occurs on Utt’s Point, Cayuga L. 
 
 946. J. tenuis, Willd., var. , tall, ( Yz-^/i meter,) with crowded, 
 
 glomerate heads ; occurs on the moist meadows by Marl Cr. This 
 is probably the form referred to by Torrey in Flora of N. Y., II, p. 
 329, as occurring 011 saline soil of Long Id. 
 
 947. J. articulatus, L. (H. and Wright in C.) 
 
 Sandy, wet soil. July. On nearly all the sandy points of Cayu- 
 ga L. Rarely remote from the lake. 
 
 948. J. articulatus, L., var. obtusatus, Engl. Depauperate specimens 
 from Trumansburg Point, Utt’s Point, and Marl Cr. meadows, ap- 
 parently belong here. 
 
 949. J. alpinus, Villars, var. insignis, Fries. July-Aug. 
 
 Reduced forms, having the erect stems, light-brown pods, obtuse 
 short inner sepals of that species, and without the fine scalariform 
 wrinklings on the seeds characteristic of all our forms of J. articu- 
 latus L. are found on Goodwin’s (Taughannock) Point, Utt’s Point, 
 and by the Indian Salt-Springs west of Cayuga Marshes. 1 
 
 950. J. acuminatus, Michx., var. legitimus, Engl. (H.) 
 
 Wet places ; not uncommon. July. 
 
 951. J. acuminatus, Michx., var. debilis. “Junius,” (Herb. Sartwell.) 
 
 952. J- nodosus, L. (H.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. July. 
 
 Abnormal forms were collected on Farley’s Point (1881) having 
 scales only, in place of essential organs ; and all the scales having 
 undergone chorisis, the heads appear as if made up entirely of tri- 
 chomes. Where the pistils are only partially transformed, ovules 
 frequently occur along the open scales of the disjoined elements of 
 the ovary. 
 
 [“ J. scirpoides, Lam.,” is in Sartwell’s Herb, from Penn Yan — which 
 is probably a mistake. It occurs at Sodus Bay, (Dr- Wright . )] 
 
 953. J. Canadensis, J. Gay. var. longicaudatus, Engl. 
 
 Marshes. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Summit Marsh. Locke Pond. Cayuga Marshes, and Junius 
 Ponds. 
 
 954. J. Canadensis, J. Gay. var. brachycephalus, Engl. 
 
 Wet sandy places ; infrequent. Aug. 
 
 Near W. Danby. Dryden Lake. South of Groton. Newton’s 
 Ponds, Junius. 
 
 TYPHACE.E. 
 
 393. Typha, Toum. 
 
 955. T. latifolia, L. CATTAII,. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshy places, often invading peat-bogs ; common. June. 
 
 1 1 have recently learned that Engelmann referred specimens like 
 
 the above, and obtained from Central N. Y., to /. alpinus, var. 
 insignis. 
 
102 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 956. T. latifolia, L. var. elongata, n. var. 
 
 Leaves very numerous, dark green, elongated, (2-3^ m.) and 
 fruiting spike elongated, often 30 cm. Occurs with the type form 
 in large thick masses near the shore or in the water on Canoga and 
 Cayuga Marshes and north of Hill’s Branch. It is the principal 
 form cut for chair-bottoms, and is carried away from Cayuga in con- 
 siderable quantities for this purpose. 
 
 957. T. angustifolia, L. (C.) 
 
 Abundant on Cayuga and Canoga Marshes ; also on west shore of 
 
 the Inlet near the mouth. Near Etna. 
 
 394. Sparganium, Tourn. Bur-reed. 
 
 .958. *S. eurycarpum, Englm. 
 
 Marshes ; frequent. June. 
 
 959. S. simplex, Huds. 
 
 Marshes and standing water ; common. July. 
 
 960. S. simplex, Huds. var. androcladum, Gray. 
 
 Fall Creek. Summit Marsh. 
 
 ARACEiE. 
 
 395. Aris^Ema, Martius. 
 
 961. *A. triphyllum, Torr. Indian Turnip. Jack-in-The-puepit. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and wet places ; frequent. May. 
 
 A specimen from woods east of Freeville has large acuminate leaf- 
 lets, the lateral with large lobes (7-10 cm. long) on the lower side, 
 thus resembling A. polymorphum, Chap!, of the South. 
 
 962. A. Dracontium, Schott. Dragon-EeoweR. Green Dragon. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich alluvial soil ; scarce. May. 
 
 Woods near Fall Cr. west of C. S. railroad. S. W. corner of the 
 lake. Negundo Woods. Woods beyond Larch Meadow, (O. L. 
 Taylor .) Field near the mouth of Paine’s Creek. Lockwood’s 
 Flats, {Herb. J- J. Thomas .) 
 
 396. Peetandra, Raf. 
 
 963. P. undulata, Raf. Arrow-arum. (H. and C.) 
 
 In shallow water ; along Cayuga St. on the Marsh. Inlet Marshes. 
 
 Near Union Springs. Cayuga Marshes. Locke Pond and elsewhere. 
 Our forms, so far as noticed, belong to the above species as restored 
 in Engler’s recent monograph. Distinguished from P. Virginica , 
 Raf. by the absence of white from the spathe ; also the pistillate part 
 of the spadix is | or | the length of the staminate part while in 
 P. Virginica , it is % the length. 
 
 397. Caeea, Linn. 
 
 964. C. palustris, L. Wied Caeea. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low swamps and sphagnum bogs ; infrequent. May 20.-June. 
 Swamp west of the Inlet. Dryden-Lansing Swamp, and Free- 
 ville ! {Dr. Jordan.) Michigan Hollow Swamp and elsewhere. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 (H. andC.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 103 
 
 398. Sympuocarpus, Salisb. 
 
 965. *S. fcetidus, Salisb. Skunk-cabbage. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes ; common. March-April. 
 
 399. Acorus, Linn. 
 
 966. * A. Calamus, L. SwEET-FUAG. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sedgy marshes ; common. June. 
 
 LEMNACE/E. 
 
 400. Lemna, Linn. Duckweed. 
 
 967. L. trisulca, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Water, in marshes and ponds ; very abundant about Cayuga Lake. 
 
 Jenning’s Pond, Danby, Summit marsh and elsewhere. 
 
 968. L. minor, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Pools and larger marshes ; abundant. 
 
 401. Spirodeea, Schleiden. 
 
 969. S. polyrrhiza, Schleid. {Lemna polyrrhiza , L. Man., p. 479.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Pools and marshes ; common. 
 
 402. Wouffia, Horkel, Schleiden. 
 
 970. W. Columbiana, Karst. 
 
 Cayuga Marshes, west of Cayuga Bridge. Southwest of the rail- 
 road bridge over Seneca R. Montezuma Marshes, near the “ Marl 
 Works,” and at Mays Point ; usually abundant where it appears. 
 
 ALISMACEiE. 
 
 403. Auisma, Linn. 
 
 971. *A. Plantago, L. var. Americanum, Gr. Water-plantain. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and borders of streams ; common. July 20-Aug. 
 
 404. Sagittaria, Linn. 
 
 972. * S. variabilis, Englm. Arrow-head. (H. and C.) 
 
 All the varieties of Man., (excepting var. pubescens, ) ; common. 
 
 July- Aug. 
 
 973. S. variabilis, Englm. var. obtusa, Gr., is the best marked variety 
 and occurs abundantly on the Inlet Marshes and on Cayuga Marsh- 
 es and elsewhere. In the shallow water of Cayuga L. the broad- 
 leaved varieties, grow near the shore and var. hastata , and var. an - 
 gusti/olia farther out. In Cayuga Marshes leaf-blades are found 
 measuring ^ m. broad by m. long. I11 outlet of Summit Marsh 
 (also at head bf O wasco L, ) are plants with long phyllodia, 1 J^-2 1 / 2 
 cm. broad, and hastate, floating or erect leaves. 
 
 974. S. heterophylla, Pursh. (H. and C.) 
 
 Frequent near Cayuga L. Seneca R., and on Summit Marsh. 
 
 July-SepL 
 
 975. S. heterophylla, Pursh. var. elliptica, Gr. (also var. angustifolia, 
 Gr.) 
 
 Frequent all along the low shores of Cayuga L. and outlet. 
 
 [S. graminea, Michx, (S. acutifolia, Pursh,) in Dr. Thompson’s Cat. 
 (1841) and Dr. Sartwell’s Cat. (1844) as “ is probably an error.] 
 
io4 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 NAIADACE/E. 
 
 405. Trigeochin, Linn. 
 
 976. T. palustre, L 
 
 Frequent about Lowery’s and Newton’s Ponds, W. Junius ; “Jun- 
 ius,” (H and C.) 
 
 [T. maritimum, L. var. elatum, Gr. ( Sariwell , H. and C. ) from Gor- 
 ham.] 
 
 406. Scheuchzeria, Linn. 
 
 977. S. palustris, L. 
 
 Sphagnum Swamp, Junius, (, Sartwell , H. and C.) June-July. 
 
 407. Naias, Linn. Naiad. 
 
 978. N. marina, L. (N. major , of Man., p. 483.) 
 
 The typical form is frequent in shallow water near Canoga 
 Marshes and near Cayuga Bridge, west side of lake. July. 
 
 979. N. marina, L. var. gracilis, Morong, (Bot. Gazette , vol. 10. p. 
 254 -) 
 
 Off Canoga Marshes. Our specimens have the long stems and in- 
 ternodes and long slender leaves of the Florida form from which the 
 original description was drawn ; viz. “No. 2705” of Curtiss’ “ North 
 Amer. Plants.” They however lack the purple color of the latter 
 specimens. 
 
 980. N. marina, L. var. recurvata, n. var. 
 
 In the shallow water of Black L. Cayuga Marshes. 1880. Stems 
 stoutish, short, 5-12 cm. inclining to be dicliotomously branched, 
 spreading and recurved. Leaves purplish, (the olive-purple of 
 Chondrus, ) recurved usually, the teeth large and prominent. At the 
 base of the leaf the sheath around the fruit shows a projecting 
 tooth on each side, while in the typical form and var. gracilis , the 
 sheath is rounded. Seeds, like the type, except reticulations are 
 often more pronounced. Mr. Morong has most kindly examined 
 the varieties described by Braun, to which I had not access, and 
 writes that there is nothing corresponding to var. recurvata among 
 them. 
 
 981. N. flexilis, Rostkov. (H. and C.) 
 
 In all our lakes and quiet ponds. July. 
 
 Either mossy and 2-3 cm., or slender and meter or more in 
 length. 
 
 408. Zannicheeeia, Micheli. 
 
 982. Z. palustris, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ditches on Ithaca Marshes (Mr. Lord)\ Occasional in quiet pools 
 
 along Cayuga L. near King’s Ferry, Sheldrake, Canoga and Cayu- 
 ga Bridge. Near the Indian Salt-Springs west of Cayuga marshes. 
 The so-called var. pedunculata is at Cayuga Bridge. 
 
 409. Potamogeton, Toum. Pond- weed. 
 
 [Dates under this gen -us refer to time of fruiting.] 
 
 983. P. natans, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shallow ponds or stagnant water ; common. July-Sept. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 105 
 
 984. P. natans, L. var. prolixus, Kocli. in the Inlet and north of Cay- 
 uga Bridge. A form of P. nata?is, with small leaves, resembling P. 
 Oakesianus, Robbins, grows in Cayuta L. 
 
 985. P. Claytonii, Tuck. (H.) 
 
 Abundant in the still shallow pools of Cayuga and Cayuta Lakes. 
 
 Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Only the specimens from Cayuta L. have the small leaves, as de- 
 scribed by Robbins. Cayuga L. specimens usually twice as long, 
 and the petioles usually as long as the blade. The embryo is coiled 
 \ x /t times, not “ transversely oval.” 
 
 986. P. Spirillus, Tuck. 
 
 Cayuta L. east side, shallow water in sand ; rare. Aug. 
 
 987. ? P. rufescens, Schrad. 
 
 Myers Point, and pool tw r o miles north. Summit Marsh ; scarce. 
 In flower in Aug. and Sept, but not found in fruit. Dr. Robbins 
 doubtfully referred them to P rufescens rather than P. gramineus. 
 
 988. P. lonchites, Tuck. (H. and Wright in C.) 
 
 Fall Cr. near the mouth. Dryden L. North of Cayuga Bridge 
 
 Erie Canal and Seneca river ; not common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 The Erie canal forms belong to Tuckerman’s P. fluitans y Roth, 
 described in Silliman’s Journal, LVII, p. 348. 
 
 989. P. (species doubtful : possibly P Illinoiensis, Morong,) was 
 found in the Inlet one season. 
 
 990. P. amplifolius, Tuck. (H. and Wright in C.) 
 
 Cayuga and Cayuta Lakes. Dryden L. and Locke Pond. Aug. 
 Good specimens in the bayou at mouth of Fall Cr. Deep water 
 
 forms are without floating leaves. 
 
 991. P. gramineus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cayuga L. near light-house and Myers Pt. Cayuta Lake. Sum- 
 mit Marsh, and elsewhere, extremely variable. Most of our forms 
 correspond most nearly to var. heterophyllus of Manual, which can- 
 not, however, be clearly defined as a variety, in this country, accord- 
 ing to Mr. Morong. 
 
 992. P. Zizii, Mertens and Koch. (P. lucens, L., var. minor , Nolte, 
 
 of Man., p. 488.) (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Fall Creek near the east bayou. Summit Marsh, usually in shal- 
 low water ; not rare, but fruits sparingly. Aug-Sept. 
 
 993. P. lucens, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 West side of Cayuga L. and near Cayuga Bridge and Seneca 
 
 River. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 994. P. praelongus, Wulfen. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 S. W. part of Cayuga L. and occasional at the foot of the lake ; 
 
 not common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 995. P. perfoliatus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Very abundant in shallow water from 1-4 meters deep, in Cayuga 
 
 L., in ponds and creeks. July-Sept. 
 
 996. P. perfoliatus, L., var. lanceolatus, Robbins. 
 
 The leaves vary much in length, but some in Cayuga Outlet 
 should probably be referred to the var. lanceolatus. 
 
io6 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 997. P. crispus, L. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Sterile forms exceedingly abundant in deeper water of inlet and 
 
 lake ; fertile in shallower channels and ditches. Rarely fertile 
 near Ithaca in June-July. Abundant in flower and fruit in spring- 
 brook entering west side of Black Lake, Aug. 15, 1885. (Fruits in 
 the Inlet at Watkins.) (Dr. Wright says it has increased in L. 
 Keuka, enormously within a few years, to the exclusion of other 
 species once abundant.) 
 
 998. P. zosteraefolius, Schum. {P compressus , L., Man., p. 488.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Frequent in Cayuga L-, Summit Marsh, Dryden L., Locke Pond, 
 Mill-ponds at Red Mills and Malloryville. Our forms are robust, 
 resembling Schollera in the water. 
 
 999. P. obtusifolius, M. and K. 
 
 Summit Marsh, in the shallow water not far from the northern- 
 most island, where it occurs but sparingly. Aug. 
 
 My specimens are short and bushy on account of the habitat, but 
 they otherwise agree closely with specimens from Germany and 
 from Tenn. The latter, sent me by Professor Porter, seem to be 
 nearer the type than his own from ‘ ‘ Dillerville Swamp. ” There 
 are two conspicuous glands at the base of each leaf in all specimens 
 I have seen. These are not noticed in any of the descriptions. Mr. 
 Morong has since written me that they are always present in this 
 rare species. 
 
 1000. P. Hillii, Morong. (See Botan. Gazette, VI, p. 291.) 
 
 Cayuga L. on Myers Pt. In pools north and south of Ithaca. In 
 
 the Inlet. Dryden L. and Red Mills pond ; not uncommon. July, 
 Aug. 
 
 First collected in 1875 but referred to P. pauciflorus, Pursh. until 
 P. Hillii was published. It fruits earlier than P. pauciflorus. 
 “Stem about 1 0 long, slender and widely branching. Leaves all 
 submerged, linear, acute i'-2 ]/ 2 ' long, Yz"~ Ufl" wide, 3-nerved, 
 the lateral nerves delicate and nearer the margins than the midrib, 
 the midrib often compound below. Stipules free, whitish, obtuse, 
 striate, 3 // ~5 // long. Peduncles short spreading or somewhat re- 
 curved, more or less clavate. Spikes capitate, 3-6 fruited. Fruit 
 obliquely obovate about Ufl" X Y/fl' , tricarinate on the back, the 
 front slightly arched, obtuse at base. Style nearly facial, short, 
 recurved. Embryo with apex pointing transversely inward.” 
 Hitherto reported only from Ohio and westward ; but in the Rob- 
 bins Herb, from Dr. Hoysradt, of Dutchess Co., {Mr. Morong. ) 
 
 1001. P. pauciflorus, Pursh. (H. and Wright in C.) 
 
 Fall Creek near the mouth. Ditches near Esty’s Tannery. Near 
 
 Negundo Woods, (a larger leaved form); not common. Aug. 
 
 1002. P. pusillus, L-, (thQ var. vulgaris of Man., p. 489.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Near mouth of Fall Cr. ; scarce and not in fruit. 
 
 1003. P. pusillus, L-, var. major, Fries. 
 
 Fall Cr. near the mouth, and Cayuga L. west of the breakwater. 
 Cayuga Bridge. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 107 
 
 1004. P. pusillus, L., var. tenuissimus, M. and K. 
 
 Dauby, in Jennings Pond ; apparently scarce. 
 
 1005. P. marinus, L. 
 
 Cayuga L. near Union Springs. (“Fine specimens” in Seneca 
 L., Mr. Morong.) This species resembles P. pectinatus but is 
 smaller (usually from 10-20 cm. in length) with slenderer, lighter 
 green leaves and smaller fruits. 
 
 1006. P. pedtinatus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cayuga L. everywhere abundant, and variable. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 There are two remarkable forms, perhaps varieties , here, viz.: 
 
 1007. var. ? with slender elongated stems (1-1X nieters); nodes 
 
 remote, as are the whorls of the spike, whose peduncle is usually 
 over m. long. Leaves few and slender, plants sometimes prolif- 
 erous. Near the light-house, Cayuga L. Dr. Robbins “found no 
 parallel for this remarkable form,” in his own observations. 
 
 1008. var. ? a gigantic form growing in deep water N. 
 
 W. and N. E. of the light-house Cayuga D. Not yet found in 
 flower or fruit, though examined more or less frequently during 
 ten years past. It is frequently proliferous, especially if detached. 
 It grows in banks, the plume-like bushy tops reaching the surface 
 of the water. The leaves and sheaths are similar to P. pectinatus , 
 except in length. Dr. Robbins remarked that he had “nothing 
 that comes near to it in length of leaves — usque ad io 7 .” Stipules 
 are usually much shorter than in P. pectinatus . Specimens were 
 obtained in 1874 from 4-5^ meters long. This form was also no- 
 ticed by Mr. H. B. Lord, probably somewhat earlier than 1874. 
 
 1009. P. Robbinsii, Oakes. 
 
 Abundant in all our lakes, but not yet found in flower or fruit. 
 
 CYPERACEvE. 
 
 410. Cyperus, Linn. Gaungaee. 
 
 1010. C. diandrus, Torr. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds, and near streams and shores; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 ion. C. inflexus, Muhl. 
 
 Along the bar in Eddy Pond, Cascadilla Creek (1884); rare. Aug. 
 Sept. 
 
 1012. C. phymatodes, Muhl. 
 
 Shores, also thriving in damp cultivated ground ; infrequent. 
 Aug. -Sept. 
 
 South Hill. Linn St., Ithaca. Cayuga L. on the damp sandy 
 points. 
 
 1013. C. strigosus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common and variable. Aug., Sept. 
 
 A form is not uncommon on the brackish soil near the. “ Deer- 
 lick ” west side of Cayuga marshes, bearing 5-floweted spikelets in 
 narrow oblong rays. (Same form in herb, from Buffalo and Salina, 
 N. Y.) 
 
io8 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 1014. C. Michauxianus, Schultes. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy shores, only toward the foot of Cayuga I/, where it is fre- 
 quent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Union Springs and Canoga to Cayuga, and on the borders of 
 Cayuga marshes. 
 
 1015. C. Engelmanni, Steud ; rare, on shore of Canoga marshes. Sept. 
 
 1016. C. filiculmis, Vahl. 
 
 Sandy fields near W. Junius Pout Pond. “Junius,” (H. and C.) 
 Aug. -Sept. 
 
 41 1. Duuchium, Pers. 
 
 1017. D. spathaceum, Richard. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes, often on the borders of peat-bogs ; common. July- Aug. 
 
 412. Eueocharis, R. Br. 
 
 1018. E. obtusa, Schultes. (C.) 
 
 Wet grounds and shores ; common. June-Aug. 
 
 1019. E. , form clearly allied to E. obtusa , but with recurved 
 
 stems, smaller akenes, narrower tubercles, 2-cleft style, and slen- 
 derer shorter bristles ; occurs occasionally on low shores of ponds. 
 Eddy Pond. Jenning’s Pond, Danby. Dryden L,. Stamens not 
 seen, but excepting the habit, this form resembles Ch. Wright’s E. 
 diandra. (See Torrey Club Bulletin , X, p. 101.) 
 
 1020. E. palustris, R. Br. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and shallows ; common. Over 1 m. tall at Summit 
 
 Marsh. June-July. 
 
 1021. E. palustris, R. Br., var. glaucescens, Gr., on Canoga Marshes. 
 
 1022. E. rostellata, Torr. 
 
 Rare — July. West side Cayuga Marshes, about the Indian Salt- 
 Springs. Junius, about Newton’s and Bowery’s Ponds. Probably 
 the latter is Sartwell’s old station “Junius,” (See Sartw. Herb.; 
 Torrey'' s FI. N. Y.: Man ., 4th Ed.) 
 
 1023. E. intermedia, Schultes. (H. and C.) 
 
 Bow shores of lakes, ponds and muddy streams ; frequent. July. 
 Plants often erect when growing in muddy places. 
 
 1024. E. tenuis, Schultes. (C.) 
 
 Marshes ; frequent ; June. 
 
 1025. E. acicularis, R. Br. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and muddy shores ; common. June-Oct. (C.) 
 
 1026. E. pauciflora, Wats. ( Scirpus pauciflorus. Light f, Man., p .560.) 
 Rare ; July-Sept. Cayuga B. on Utts Pt. and Farley’s Pt. In 
 
 shallow water, Summit Marsh, scarce, and taller than usual, blos- 
 soming about Aug. 15. , 
 
 413. Scirpus, Binn. 
 
 1027. S. planifolius, Muhl. 
 
 Dry slopes, in woods ; scarce. May-June. 
 
 Woods south of Esty Glen, (E. C. Curtice and F. L. Kilborne .) 
 Ren wick Farm slope. South Hill beyond the “Incline.” Fall 
 Creek, north of Fiske-McGraw mansion. South side of Paine’s 
 Creek, Aurora. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 109 
 
 1028. S. pungens, Valil. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sandy shores ; frequent near Cayuga L. Locke Pond and else- 
 where. July, Sept. 
 
 1029. S. lacustris, L. (S. validus, Valil., Man., p. 562,) the common 
 form in E. North Amer. has smaller, narrower akenes than the typi- 
 cal 5 . lacustris which has been found by Mr. O. E. Pearce at Sodus 
 Bay, N. Y. 
 
 Marshes and lakes ; common. July-Aug. 
 
 Its tall, dark rods are very characteristic of the shallows, forming 
 a “tule”-like fringe at the north and south ends of Cayuga L. 
 
 1030. S. Smithii, Gray. 
 
 Shores of Cayuga Lake ; rare. Aug-Sept. 
 
 Myers Pt. Utts Pt and mouth of Big Gully Brook. 
 
 1031. S. maritimus, L. SEA ClAJB-RUSH. 
 
 Near salt springs ; rare. Aug., Sept. 
 
 Montezuma Marshes, {Dr. Peck , 28th N. Y. Rep., p. 89.) ! It 
 occurs by the two salt springs near Salt Cr. (large plants); and in 
 the brackish shallow water in a pasture east of the Creek, (small 
 form.) 
 
 1032. S. fluviatilis, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 In the larger marshes, where it is common. June- Aug. 
 
 Inlet Marshes. Summit Marshes and elsewhere. One of the 
 commonest plants on the Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 1033. S. sylvaticus, L., var. digynus, Boeck, {S. microcarpus , Presl., 
 Man., p. 564.) 
 
 Marshy places ; not common. June. 
 
 Marsh south of the boat-landing and north of Ithaca. Cayuga 
 Marshes. Near Wood’s Sta. 
 
 1034. S. atrovirens, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low t grounds ; common. June-July. 
 
 1035. S. polyphyllus, Vahl. (H.) 
 
 Meadows ; scarce. July. 
 
 Larch Meadow, White Church valley and near Wilseyville. 
 
 1036. S. lineatus, Miclix. 
 
 Wet sandy places ; scarce. June 20-July. 
 
 By road north of Jacksonville. South of Taughannock ravine. 
 North of Taughannock ravine, by springs in a field. Near mouth 
 of Paine’s Creek. Genoa, by R. R. 
 
 1037. S. Eriophorum, Michx. Wooe-GRASS. (H. and C.) 
 
 Low grounds ; common. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 1038. S. Eriophorum, Mx., var. cyperinus, Gr. 
 
 Howland’s Point north of Union Springs, and along Seneca R. 
 I038 a . The var. laxus on Myers Point and elsewhere. 
 
 414. Eriophorum, Linn. Cotton-grass. 
 
 1039. E. alpinum, L. 
 
 Round Marshes only ; very rare. June. 
 
no 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1040. E. vaginatum, L. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; scarce. May 20-June 10. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Round Marshes. 
 
 1041. E. Virginicum, L. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps, where it is frequent. July- Aug. 
 
 Freeville, Mallory ville, Woodwardia Sw., Round Marshes, “Ju- 
 nius,” ( SartwelL H. and C.) 
 
 1042. E. Virginicum, L-, var. album, Gr. 
 
 Woodwardia Sw. and W. Junius. 
 
 1043. E. polystachyon, L. 
 
 In nearly all sphagnum swamps. May 25-June 15. 
 
 Most of our specimens have rough peduncles, but they are nearly 
 smooth in those at Mud Cr. 
 
 1044. E. gracile, Koch. (Dr. Wright in C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; occasional. June 20-July 20. 
 
 Freeville. S. E. of Chicago Sta. Venice, near R. R. W. Junius 
 Tamarack swamp. 
 
 415. Rhynchospora, Vahl. 
 
 1045. R. alba, Vahl. 
 
 Marshy places and sphagnum bogs ; frequent. July 20-Sept. 
 
 1046. R. capillacea, Torr. 
 
 Rare ; July, Aug., about Newton’s Pond. W. Junius. “Junius,” 
 
 ( Sartw . H. and C.) 
 
 416. CiyADiUM, P. Browne. 
 
 1047. C. mariscoides, Torr. 
 
 Marshy places ; scarce. July 20-Oct. 
 
 Summit Marsh. Peat-bog S. E. of Chicago Sta. Newton’s P. , 
 Junius, “Junius,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 417. SeuSRiA, Linn. 
 
 [S. triglomerata, Michx. in Sartwell’s Catalogue, 1844..] 
 
 1048. S. verticillata, Muhl. 
 
 Cold marshes ; July, Aug., about Newton’s Pond, W. Junius. 
 “Junius,” {Sartw. H. and C.) 
 
 418. Carlx, Linn. 
 
 [All dates under this genus refer to the period when mature perigynia 
 may be found.] 
 
 1049. C. pauciflora, Lightfoot. (C.) 
 
 Spahgnum bogs ; rare. June, 
 
 Round Marsh. “Junius,” ( Sartwell , in Herb. Cornell Univ.) 
 
 1050. C. polytrichoides, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Bogs and springy marshes ; abundant. June. 
 
 Specimens from Ringwood and Cayuta L. have bracts, 3-4^ cm. 
 long. 
 
 1051. C. Willdenovii, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Not uncommon in woods and on banks of ravines. June 20- 
 
 July 20. 
 
 1052. C. Steudelii, Kunth. 
 
 Rare; “Amphitheater,” in Six Mile Cr. ravine. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 ii 
 
 1053. C. bromoides, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded swamps ; abundant. June 1-20. 
 
 1054. C. disticha, Huds. (C. Sartivcllii , Dew.) 
 
 Rare ; in marsh about Lowery’s Pond, W. Junius. “Junius,” 
 
 (Sartwell; in Herb, of Ham. Coll, and Herb. Cornell U.) 
 
 1055. C. teretiuscula, Good. (H. and C.) 
 
 Peat-bogs usually ; infrequent. June. 
 
 Larch Meadow and the peat-bogs of Freeville, McLean and Locke 
 Pond. 
 
 1056. C. teretiuscula, Good, var. major, Koch. 
 
 With the preceding form, and maturing at nearly the same time. 
 
 1057. C. decomposita, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 “Junius,” [Sartwell in Herb.) (“ Penn Yan,” Sartzvell in Herb. 
 
 Cornell U.) 
 
 1058. C. vulpinoidea, Michx. 
 
 Low grounds ; very common. July. 
 
 1059. C. stipata, Muhl. 
 
 Low grounds ; common. June 1-20. 
 
 1060. C. alopecoidea, Tuck. (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist open meadows ; scarce. June 15-July 15. 
 
 Field S. of E. C. and N. depot. E. of Freeville. Near Marl Cr. 
 Frontenac Id. W. Junius. North of Ludlowville, [F. C. Curtice.) 
 
 1^61. C. sparganioides, Muhl. (H.) 
 
 Woods and rich slopes ; abundant and variable. June. 
 
 1062. C. sparganioides, Muhl., var. minor, Boott ; frequent and usu- 
 ally with leaves 5-8 mm. broad. Specimens from Enfield ravine 
 and the Cemetery woods have narrow leaves 3 mm. broad. 
 
 [C. cephaloidea, Dew., is in Sartwell’s Herb, from “ Penn Yan,” but 
 no true C. cephaloidea has been found within our own limits.] 
 
 1063. C. cephalophora, Muhl. (H.andC.) 
 
 Meadows and pastures ; very common. June 20-July. 
 
 Mr. Lord found at Ithaca specimens with the upper half of the 
 spikes staminate, and in one case the upper spike entirely stami- 
 nate. (See 20th N. Y. Rep., p. 409.) 
 
 1064. C. rosea, Schk. (C.) 
 
 Grassy banks and woods ; common. June 15-July 15. 
 
 1065. C. rosea, Schk., var. minor , Boott.; frequent. 
 
 1066. C. rosea, Schk., var. radiata, Dew.; scarce. Six Mile Creek 
 “ Narrows.” 
 
 1067. C. retroflexa, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Slopes, more or less rocky ; not common. June 10-30. 
 
 Case. Cr. N. W. of Eddy dam. South Hill. Renwick Farm slope 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 1068. C. chordorhiza, Ehrh. 
 
 Cold sphagnum swamps ; “Junius,” [Sartwell in C. U. Herb., also 
 in Herb. Ham. Coll, and Cat. of 1844.) . 
 
12 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1069. C. tenella, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sparingly in the moss of nearly all our cold shaded swamps, especi- 
 ally of Hemlock or Tamarack ; also South Hill Marsh. June. 
 
 1070. C. trisperma, Dew. 
 
 Swampy woods and mossy swamps ; not uncommon. June. 
 
 1071. C. canescens, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold swamps or peat-bogs ; not uncommon. June. 
 
 1072. C. canescens, L. var. vitilis, Carey. (H. and C.) 
 
 Infrequent. Dryden-Lansing Sw. Michigan Hollow Sw. Free- 
 
 ville bog. Round Marsh woods, and Enfield Spruce Sw. 
 
 1073. C. Deweyana, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods. Six Mile Cr. McGowan Woods and elsewhere ; not 
 
 common. June-July 15. 
 
 1074. C. sterilis, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; scarce. June 20-July. 
 
 Specimens mostly barren, from Round Marsh, Locke Pond and 
 W. Junius ponds ; with fuller fruit at Freeville, Summit Marsh and 
 Locke Pond. 
 
 1075. C. echinata, Murr. (C. stellulata , Man., p. 579.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Open bogs or moist grassy places ; abundant. June. 
 
 1076. C. echinata, Murr., var. microcarpa, Boeck. ( C . stellata var. 
 
 scirpoides, Carey.) I 
 
 In sphagnum bogs ; common. June. 
 
 1077. C. scoparia, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Meadows and wet pastures ; very common. June 20-July. 
 
 1078. C. scoparia, Schk. var. intermedia, Olney, — a tall form with ob- 
 long aggregated spikes occurs in Fleming Meadow and Summit 
 Marsh. 
 
 1079. C. lagopodioides, Schk. (typical form of Schkur’s fig. 177 and 
 
 Boott’s 111 . tab. 370.) (C.) 
 
 Common in low meadows and borders of pools. July. 
 
 1080. C. lagopodioides, Schk. var. moniliformis, Olney. 
 
 In cold shaded swamps or borders of swamps ; not common. 
 June-July. 
 
 1081. C. cristata, Schw. * (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and along streams : common. July-Aug. 
 
 1082. C. cristata, Schw. var. mirabilis, Boott. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and wet meadows ; frequent. 
 
 1083. C. adusta, Boott. 
 
 Woods rare, in the woods on Taft’s Hill, Caroline. July. 
 
 1084. C. straminea, Schk. ( typica .) (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist, grassy places. South Hill. Taughannock. Frontenac Id. 
 
 and elsewhere. (E. of Watkins.) June 10-25. 
 
 1085. C. straminea, Schk. var. tenera, Carey. 
 
 Moist thickets ; not common. June 15-30. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 113 
 
 South Hill with Andromeda. Near Lucifer Fall, Enfield. Oluey’s 
 forma erecta of this species occurs near Enfield Spruce Swamp. 
 
 1086. C. straminea, Sclik. var. festucacea, Carey. 
 
 Canoga, the beach near the Marshes. (I11 Herb, from Yates Co., 
 Dr. Wright.) 
 
 1087. C. alata, Torr. 
 
 The larger marshes ; scarce. June 15-30. 
 
 Northern part of Cayuga Marshes. Montezuma Marshes, east side 
 of Savannah “island.” I11 Herb, from Junius, ( Wright .) (In C. U. 
 Herb, from PennYan, Sartwcll.) 
 
 1088. C. aquatilis, Wahl. (C.) 
 
 Cold marshes ; not common. June 20-July 10. 
 
 Larch Meadow. Round Marshes. Union Springs. Newton’s P., 
 Junius. A form with slender leaves and short spikes, at Locke Pond, 
 corresponding to the C. xerocarpa form of C. a?igustata. 
 
 1089. C. torta, Boott. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along ravine beds, and wet places ; frequent. May 10-30. 
 
 1090. C. angustata, Boott. {C. stricta, Man., p. 583 \ Boott, Illustr. 
 
 tab. 586.) (H. and C.) 
 
 In tussocks, in standing water ; not common. June 1-20. 
 
 Not near Ithaca, but in Round Marsh ; and by R. R. west of Mal- 
 loryville. Hemlock Cr., Groton. Locke Pond. 
 
 1091. C. angustata, Boott. var. ( 5 . {Boott, Illustr. tab. 587.) 
 
 Freeville, mouth of Mud Cr. W. Danby. 
 
 1092. C. angustata, Boott. var. stritftior. {Boott, Illustr. tab. 588.) 
 Frequent ; often in broad beds, or in tussocks when in water. Fall 
 
 Cr., Cold Spring Marsh. Indian Spring Marsh. Round Marshes. 
 Michigan Hollow. Lowery’s Pond, Junius; “Junius,” {Sartwell.) 
 
 1093. C. angustata, Boott. var. xerocarpa, L. H. B., is at Freeville. 
 
 1094. C. crinita, Lam. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places, common ; occasionally androgynous. June 10-30. 
 
 1095. C. gynandra, Schw. {C. crinita, var. gynandra, Schw. and 
 Torr.) 
 
 Rare ; Freeville near sphagnum bog and Fir-Tree Swamp. 
 
 1096. C. limosa, L. 
 
 Sphagnum swamps ; scarce. May 20-July. 
 
 Freeville bog. Malloryville. Junius, {Sartwell, H. and C.) 
 north of the Pout Pond. 
 
 1097. C. Magellanica, Lam. {C. irrigua, Sm. Man., p. 584.) (C.) 
 
 Rare ; Freeville Bog. Lowery’s Pond, Junius. 
 
 1098. C. Buxbaumii, Wahl. 
 
 Rare ; “Junius,” {Sartwell, Herb. Cornell Univ. and. Herb. Ham. 
 Coll.) 
 
 1099. C. aurea, Nutt. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet springy ground ; infrequent. June-July. 
 
 Case. Woods. Six Mile Cr. and elsewhere. Specimens with an- 
 droyuous terminal spikes occur at Otter Creek, Cortland; in Case. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 114 
 
 Woods and at Taughannock. Spikes compound (proliferous from 
 lower perigynfa) at Taughannock, (F. V. Coville.)\ 
 
 1 100. C. tetanica, Schk. 
 
 Moist woods and ravines.; infrequent. June. 
 
 Case. Woods. Green-Tree Falls. Freeville, near Fir Swamp, 
 Danby. Round Marsh. Near Woods Sta., with Jeffersonia. Junius, 
 Towery’s Pond. “Junius,” ( Sartwell C. U. Herb.) 
 
 1101. C. granularis, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Grassy meadow's and wet places ; common. June 10-20. 
 
 Very variable. A broad-leaved form suggests G. glaucodea. The 
 “ var. recta ” Dew., with smaller ovate perigynia is the most abund- 
 dant. Specimens from Case. Woods show an androgynous upper 
 spike. It is the most abundant sedge on the rich farms of Venice. 
 
 1102. C. pallescens, D. (H. and C.) 
 
 In pastures of cold clay soil ; not common. June 15-July. 
 
 The C. undulata form, (. Kunze , tab. 4, f. 2.) occurs near Mallory - 
 ville and Turkey Hill. The Malloryville specimens also had cylin- 
 drical proliferous pistillate spikes, and peduncle of staminate spike 
 2-3 cm. long. 
 
 1103. C. grisea, Wahl. (Dr. Wright in C.) 
 
 Rich shaded soil ; scarce. June. 
 
 Case, ravine, ( O . E. Pearce.) Fall Cr., a few. South Hill Marsh. 
 Near Fall Cr., at Freeville. Along Marl Cr. 
 
 1104. C. glaucodea, Tuck. {Proc. Amer. Acad. VII. p. 395.-1865.) 
 
 Rare ; South Hill, with Adromeda, 1882. (F. C. Curtice.) June 
 
 15 - 30 . 
 
 Also about South Hill Marsh. 
 
 “Spikes 4-5, cylindrical ; terminal staminate, subsessile, clavate ; 
 the others pistillate, leafy-bracted, many-flowered, upper approxi- 
 mate, peduncles exserted, lower distantly remote, all with the leaves 
 pale or glaucous-green. Perigynia ovoid-turgid, obtuse, orifice sub- 
 entire, many-nerved, \ l /z" long. Scales broad-ovate, short-cuspi- 
 date, whitish, barely 3-uerved and green to the middle, Akenes ob- 
 ovate, triqueterous.” Plants usually spreading or ascending 6 / -i2 / 
 high , smooth. Leaves 2_^ // ~4 // wide , shorter than culm, very glau- 
 cous. Perigynia more dense than in C grisea , f ewer-nerved, point- 
 less, its scale shorter and less pointed. Occurs sparingly from Mass, 
 to Del. In N. Y. reported only from Dutchess Co. In habit, tex- 
 ture, character of scales and color it seems quite distinct from C. 
 grisea. 
 
 [C. conoidea, Schk. from Penn Yan, Sartwell, Herb. Cornell U.; also 
 in Cat.~\ 
 
 1105. C. gracillima, Schw. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; abundant. June. 
 
 Malloryville specimens exhibit proliferous branches to spikes ; 
 and occasionally specimens exhibit smaller, sharper perigynia than 
 usual. 
 
 [C. formosa, Dew. “ Penn Yan.” ( Sartwell , H. and C] 
 
 XI06. C. triceps, Michx. (H. and C.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 115 
 
 Grassy copses ; rare near South Hill Marsh. It varies into the 
 form “C. hirsuta, var. pedunculata 6 ". and T., which has oblong 
 cylindrical spikes and leaves scarcely pubescent. Near Bear Swamp. 
 
 1107. C. virescens, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; infrequent. June 20-July. 
 
 Enfield ravine. Near Danby. W. shore of Cayuga L., near Mar- 
 ion’s. Near Etna. Freeville. 
 
 1108. C. virescens, Muhl. var. elliptica, Olney. (Spikes longer and 
 perigynia more pointed) is found near Etna. Ovid. Summit 
 Marsh. 
 
 1109. C. plantaginea, Lam. (H.andC.) 
 
 Ravines and rich woods, where it is frequent. May 10-30. 
 
 Six mile Creek. Round-Marsh Woods and elsewhere. 
 
 mo. C. Careyana, Torr. 
 
 Rare; May 25-June 10. Taughannock ravine ? 1874, (R. Yatabe.) 
 Ravine north of Buttermilk Cr., 1882, {F. C. Curtice) ! Woodwar- 
 dia Swamp Woods, 1883, ( O . E. Pearce)\ Wood’s Sta., with Jeffer- 
 sonia. The type specimens were found near Auburn, N. Y., by 
 John Carey, 1832. 
 
 mi. C. platyphylla, Carey. (Dr. Wright in C.) 
 
 Ravines and beech woods ; common. June 1-15. 
 
 1 1 12. C. platyphylla, Carey, var. . 
 
 In the nook, opposite the Beechwoods, Six Mile Cr., 1883, ( O . E. 
 Pearce.) Elmwood Glen, Cayuga L. It differs from the type in 
 leaves broader, (3 cm.) and longer than the culm; and pistillate 
 spikes mostly with 6 flowers instead of 3 or 4 ; Boott says there 
 are rarely 7 flowers in the type. 
 
 11 13. C. retrocurva, Dew. 
 
 Beech woods and elsewhere ; abundant. June 15-July 15. 
 
 Variable in width of leaves and length of bracts. Forms with 
 green leaves 4-6 mm. broad, in Six Mile Cr., Taughannock and 
 Paine’s Cr. These have, however, the sterile flowers at the base of 
 the pistillate spikes, characteristic of true C. retrocurva. A form 
 was found near Ovid, with broad leaves, (8-14 mm.) and large 
 perigynia, suggesting C. platyphylla, but the peduncles were long 
 and slender. 
 
 1 1 14. C. digitalis, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods along ravines and hillsides ; common. June 15-July 15. 
 
 1 1 15. C. laxiflora, Lam. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods, ravines, or even open meadows ; common. 
 
 The typical form is abundant and earlier than vai . blanda. Speci- 
 mens from Green-Tree Falls are proliferous from the lower peri- 
 gynia. 
 
 1 1 16. C. laxiflora, Lam., var. plantaginea, Boott. 
 
 Scarce ; genuine specimens from the ravines north of King’s 
 Ferry. Less pronounced ones from Case. Cr. Fall Cr. in Cold 
 Spring Marsh. McGowan Woods and Freeville. 
 
ii 6 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 1 1 17. C. laxiflora, Lam., var. intermedia, Boott. 
 
 Frequent ; a peculiar green-leaved, swamp form is referred to t*his; 
 the latter matures in July. 
 
 1 1 18. C. laxiflora, Lam., var. blanda, Dew. 
 
 Common ; the sub-variety minor is frequent in the meadows. 
 
 1 1 19. C. laxiflora, Dam., var. latifolia, Boott. 
 
 Rich soil, ravines or old woods ; frequent. Six Mile Cr. Enfield 
 ravine. Woods near Freeville. Round Marsh, and elsewhere. 
 
 1120. C. Hitchcockiana, Dew. (C.) 
 
 Low woods ; scarce. June 15-30. 
 
 North of Forest Home, {F. C. Curtice .) South of Dauby village. 
 Wood’s Sta. Ovid woods. Franklin’s ravine and “Camp Warwick.” 
 
 1121. C. oligocarpa, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaly banks of Six Mile Cr., below Green-Tree Falls, 1884, ( O . E. 
 
 Pearce .) ! Rare ; May 25-June 10. 
 
 1122. C. eburnea, Boott. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cliffs, or marly places near ravines ; not rare. May 15-June 10. 
 Case. Cr. Fall Cr. Salmon Cr., and elsewhere. 
 
 1123. C. pedunculata, Muhl. (C.) 
 
 Shaded ravines, and old logs in swamps ; frequent. May 15-30. 
 Cascadilla and other ravines. Mud Cr. and Beaver Cr. swamps. 
 
 1124. C. umbellata, Schk. (H. and C.) 
 
 Banks of ravines, and dry slopes ; not uncommon. May. 
 
 This is our earliest-flowering Carex. 
 
 1125. C. Emmonsii, Dew. 
 
 Woods, ravines and hillsides ; frequent. May 20-June 20. 
 
 H25 a . C. Emmonsii, Dew., var. elliptica, Boott, occurs south of Shur- 
 gur’s Glen. 
 
 1126. C. Pennsylvanica, Lam. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and dry banks ; common and variable. June. 
 
 A form is found on Ball Hill in woods, with long culms, nearly 
 ]/ 2 m. tall, and leaves nearly % m., much exceeding the culm, as do 
 the slender bracts. 
 
 1127. C. varia, Muhl. (C.) 
 
 Woods and rich slopes of ravines ; common. June. 
 
 The spike in this varies in size according to soil. 
 
 1128. C. pubescens, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rich soil ; not common. June-July 15. 
 
 Near the Cold Spring. Six Mile Cr. Freeville. Taughannock. 
 McGowan Woods. Enfield. Paine’s Cr. and elsewhere. 
 
 1129. C. miliacea, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet places in woods ; frequent. Fall Cr., etc. May 20-June 20. 
 
 1130. C. scabrata, Schw. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cold marshes in ravines and swamps ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 1131. C. anftata, Boott. (C.) 
 
 In rich swampy woods ; not common. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 117 
 
 1132. C. debilis, Miclix. (C.) 
 
 Sunny banks, on the borders of swamps ; scarce. June. 
 
 var. a. Boott. (Staminate spike usually not androgynous ; pistillate 
 nodding and broader, ) occurs near Dryden-Lansing Swamp, Marl 
 Cr., Marl Pond woods. Bear Swamp and near the Pout Pond, W. 
 Junius. 
 
 1133. var. fi, Boott, (staminate spike with some pistillate flowers; 
 pistillate spikes slender, erect,) is found near Freeville bog, in the 
 meadows southeast of Etna and on Turkey Hill. 
 
 1134. C. capillaris, L., var. elongata, Torr. 
 
 On half-submerged logs west side of the principal “ Marl Pond,” 
 South Cortland, 1884. (“Otter Cr. near Cortland, N. Y. : 5 ". N. 
 Cowles , 1869 see Olney's Carices , Boreali-Amer.) At the latter 
 station, — 3 miles from the former, — many of the plants were de- 
 stroyed in constructing the fish-pond ; but others still exist a few 
 rods north, on the logs which lie in the cold, spring-water. Not 
 elsewhere known in N. Y. , although it probably exists within its 
 limits. The home of the species is in the Rocky Mt. region from 
 Col. to Alaska. Said to occur in N. H. 
 
 1135. C. flava, L. 
 
 Spring meadows and marshes, where it is common. June-July. 
 
 The form, “ var. androgyna ,” Olney, is at Summit Marsh, Locke 
 Pond, the Marl Ponds, and at the mouth of Paine’s Cr. Some of 
 the Locke Pond specimens possess compound pistillate spikes. 
 (Junius, H. and C.) 
 
 1136. C. CEderi, Ehrh. 
 
 Limestone or marly soil ; scarce but variable. June-Sept. 
 
 The form nearest to the type, — yet of a very different aspect, is 
 the var. prolifera, H. B. Lord, 19th N. Y. Rep ., 1865, p. 76, in 
 which “ at least one of the spikes of each plant is proliferous ; that 
 is, from one of the perigynia issues a stalk bearing a spike” ; usu- 
 ally the secondary spikes are abundant enough to form a dense 
 ovoid mass or irregular head. It is altogether probable that Michaux, 
 {Flora Bor. Amer ., II, p. 171,) had similar specimens in mind in 
 describing the spikes of C. CEderi as “many, conglomerate-approxi- 
 mate.” Found near Cayuga L. ; at Salmon Cr., south of the spring; 
 {Mr. Lord,) ! Farley’s Point ; Utts Point ; shore near quarry south 
 of Union Springs. 
 
 1137. C. CEderi, Ehrh., forma intermedia. 
 
 Near the Marl Ponds and Marl Cr. meadows. Near Otter Cr. 
 These are nearest the slender forms, ( C. viridula , Michx., formerly,) 
 of C. CEderi , such as those at W. Bergen, in the great marl-swamp ; 
 but are still taller and more robust, approaching in habit C. flava. 
 They have the dark and rather slender rigid, erect leaves and bracts, 
 and the small perigynia mostly ascending with a short straight beak, 
 characteristic of C. CEderi ; but the spikes are oblong or cylindrical, 
 mostly 1 yi cm., robust, the upper variously androgynous, the lower 
 often proliferously compound. 
 
n8 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1138. C. filiformis, L. (C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps, where it is frequent. June. 
 
 1139. C. filiformis, L,., var. latifolia, Boeck., (C. lanuginosa, Man., p. 
 
 595.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of most of our sphagnum marshes ; also near the shore . 
 on Farley’s Point and in marsh north of Union Springs. 
 
 1140. C. riparia, Curtis. (H. and C.) 
 
 Sedgy sphagnum swamps, where it is frequent. June 15-July. 
 
 It also occurs in springy soil on the Inlet and other marshes. 
 
 1141. C. HIRTA, Iv. 
 
 Introduced by D. L. and W. railroad, on South Hill east of the 
 “Incline,” where it is spreading vigorously. Detected 1882, but 
 may have been growing there for ten years. It is a native of Furope 
 and Asia. Elsewhere introduced in Amer. only at Philadelphia, 
 and in Mass. Among our native species, its closest affinity 
 seems to be with C. trichocarpa , with which it agrees in its running 
 rootstocks, hairy perigyna, and its scale. It is a much lower plant 
 than that species, its leaves and sheaths are soft-hairy, and the pis- 
 tillate spikes remote and scattered. The length of the perigynium 
 is 6-7 mm., and the scale is aristate. 
 
 1142. C. trichocarpa, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along the larger marshes or lakes ; infrequent. June2o-July. 
 
 Fall Cr., Beebe Pond. Marshes about Ithaca. Ivudlowville. 
 
 North of Freeville, and elsewhere. 
 
 [C. trichocarpa, Muhl., var. imberbis, Carey, at Penn Yan, Gray's 
 Man., p. 597.] 
 
 1143. C. comosa, Boott. (H. and C.) 
 
 Borders of ponds ; not common. July. 
 
 Marshes along Cayuga St. Round Marsh Pond. Cayuta L. and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 1144. C. comosa, Boott. X C. tentaculata, Muhl., was found near W. 
 Danby. 
 
 1145. C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L,. X C. hystricina, Willd. ? 
 
 Near the Pout Pond, W. Junius. 
 
 * Both of these apparent hybrids present intermediate characteris- 
 tics between the supposed parent species, and both have well-devel- 
 oped but empty perigynia. In the case of the former, (No. 1144,) 
 the two parents were growing in the closest proximity. 
 
 1146. C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rare ; at Locke Pond ; (and by the Erie Canal, east of the Lock- 
 
 pit.) Wm. Boott’s view, viz: that C. comosa should be reduced to 
 a variety of this species, is 110 doubt the correct one. 
 
 1147. C. hystricina, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Open meadows ; frequent. June 15-30. 
 
 Along Cayuga L-, the upper spike is occasionally androgynous, 
 and all the spikes more or less compound. 
 
 1148. C. tentaculata, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Meadows and swamps ; common. July-Aug. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 119 
 
 1149. C. intumescens, Rudge. (H. and C.) 
 
 Chiefly near the colder swamps ; frequent. June-Aug. 
 
 South Hill Marsh, north of Forest Home, and elsewhere. 
 
 1150. C. Grayii, Carey. 
 
 Shaded swamps ; rare. June-July. 
 
 Freeville, south of Fir-Tree Swamp, 18S2, (F. C. C. and IV. R. D.) 
 
 (Head of Owasco L., with Carya Sulcata , 1881.) 
 
 1 15 1. C. lupulina, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps ; common and variable. June 20-Aug. 
 
 Beside the typical form, having the fertile spikes approximate, 
 there are several well-marked conditions, as follows : 1. A form 
 
 with stalked and scattered fertile spikes, frequent and approaching 
 in aspect C. Halei, Boott, ( Illustr . II, t. 279.) 2. The “ var. longi- 
 
 pedunciclata, Sartwell,” (see Horace Mann Herb. C. U.) having 
 4-7 spikes, the pistillate on long peduncles, the longest 20-25 cm. ; 
 scarce near Ellis Hollow Swamp. 3. A large robust form ; leaves 
 10-14 cm. broad, spikes and perigynia large and akenes broader 
 than usual but mostly abortive ; Woodwardia Swamp and Myers 
 Point. 4. The well-marked var. polystachya , Schw. and Torr., 
 (C. lupuliformis, Man., p. 598,) in Cornell U. Herb, and Herb, of 
 Ham. Coll., from Penn Yan, (Sartwell.) 
 
 1152. C. lupulina, Muhl. X C. retrorsa, Schw., (C. lupulina, Muhl., 
 var. gigantoidea, Dew., Amer. Jour, of Arts and Sci., XCI, 1866, 
 p. 328.) The specimens from which Dewey described his var. gi- 
 gantoidea were collected by Hon. H. B. Lord, on Myers Pt. in 1865; 
 and his description, and the specimens still to be found there, agree 
 substantially with those found rather frequently on the Ithaca 
 Marsh between the Glass Works and Willow Ave. ; north of Free- 
 ville ; and near Taughannock Sta. of C. S. railroad, (F. C. C.) After 
 carefully examining about a hundred specimens, there seems little 
 doubt that they are hybrids of the above, for the following reasons : 
 
 I. The diverging perigynia are intermediate in size and number 
 of nerves. 2. The 2-3 pistillate spikes are scattered as in C. lupu- 
 lina, (form 1,) and mature between the time of ripening of C. retrorsa 
 and of C. lupulina. 3. There are usually 2-3 staminate spikes with 
 the aspect of C. retrorsa , (C. lupulina has but one,) often bearing 
 a few perigynia at the base from which small staminate spikes are 
 frequently proliferous. The latter condition is often seen in C. re- 
 trorsa and is shown in Boott’s tab. 276 and described on p. 94, Vol. 
 
 II. 4. Akenes almost always abortive, as is usual with hybrids; 
 when present not well-formed. 5. When mature the perigynia re- 
 semble the inflated ones of C. lupulina in texture and appearance, 
 but are straw-colored like C. retrorsa. 6. The hybrids are usually 
 accompanied by both the above species. It is interesting to find 
 this form in the Herb, of Prof’r Thomas, collected in 1827. 
 
 1153. C. folliculata, L. (H.) 
 
 Low woods ; scarce. June-Aug. 
 
 South Hill Marsh. North of Forest Home in Woods. Freeville, 
 in Fir-Tree Swamp. North of Etna. Beaver Cr. Swamp. 
 
120 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 [C. squarrosa, L-, in Sartwell’s Cat of 1844.] 
 
 1154. C. retrorsa, Schw. (H. and C.) 
 
 Meadows and the lake shore ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 1155. C. retrorsa, Schw., var. Hartii., Carey, (for full description, see 
 Paine’s Cat., p. 163.) I/udlowville, (Mr. Lord in Paine’s Cat.) 
 Ithaca Marsh. Ellis Hollow Swamp. Slenderer than the type, the 
 lowest spikes long-peduncled, perigynia few-nerved and akenes not 
 as papillose as in the type. 
 
 1156. C. utriculata, Boott, (C.) 
 
 The typical form, in the borders of deep cold swamps, is rare here; 
 
 Summit Marsh. Meadows south of Michigan Hollow Swamp, 
 as forma composita (local.) These have elliptical or oblong 
 perigynia, 7-9 mm. long, with short teeth, as figured in Boott , II- 
 lustr., tab. 39. The spikes of the latter are branched below in a 
 proliferous manner. The common form, occurring in the larger 
 marshes and along our ponds and lakes, has much smaller, nearly 
 ovate perigynia. Its extreme is the next variety. 
 
 1157. C. utriculata, Boott, var. minor, Sartwell. 
 
 Ludlowville, (H. B. Lord , in Paine's Cat., p. 164, and in Cornell 
 Univ. Herb.) Canoga. Round Marsh. 
 
 1158. C. ampullacea, Good. (H.) 
 
 Specimens from Locke Pond, and more pronounced ones from 
 
 the Marl Ponds, must be referred here, although they are not typi- 
 cal. The few spikes, slender and mosly smooth culm, canaliculate 
 leaves, and scarcely hispid scale, show the approximation to that 
 species, and yet suggest certain characters of C. utriculata. 
 
 H58 a . C. ampullacea, Good., var. sparsiflora, Dew., “Junius,” (Herb. 
 Sartwell. ) 
 
 1159. C. monile, Tuck. (H and C.) 
 
 Borders of pools, etc.; rare. July. 
 
 Near the road south from the Junius Pout Pond. (Near Moravia, 
 Dr. Atwood. Yates Co., Cornell U. Herb., from Sartwell and 
 Wright. ) 
 
 1160. C. Tuckermani, Boott. (H.) 
 
 Marshes and low woods ; infrequent- June-July. 
 
 Marsh north of Ithaca. Ludlowville, (Mr. Lord.) Ringwood. 
 By Fall Cr. near Freeville, and elsewhere. 
 
 [C. longirostris, Torr. Rare E. side of the valley at Watkins. June 
 1-12. Penn Yan, Sartwell, hi Herb. C. £/.] 
 
 GRAMINE/E. 
 
 419. Panicum, Finn. 
 
 1 16 1. P. GBABRUM, Gaudin. (H. and C.) 
 
 ♦ Lawns and roadsides ; frequent near Ithaca. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 1162. P. SANGUINAIyK, L. Crab-Grass. (H and C.) 
 
 Cult, soils ; Everywhere. July-Oct. 
 
 1163. P. proliferum, Lam. 
 
 Brackish soils ; local. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Fields near the Salt Creek, Montezuma. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1 2 1 
 
 1164. P. capillare, L. Old-witch grass. 
 
 Cult, soils ; common. Aug. -Oct. 
 
 A form with spindle-shaped spikeletsand all parts slenderer than 
 type is frequent on the lake shore. 
 
 1165. P. virgatum, L. 
 
 Near Cayuga L. ; rare. Aug. 
 
 Farley’s Point, a single cluster, 1881. “ Cayuga Marshes,” ( Sart - 
 well , in Paine's Cat., p. 173.) 
 
 1166. P. latifolium, Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 Beside the typical form, a slender one is frequent, usually 
 branched and destitute of hairs at the joint, leaves elongated-lan- 
 ceolate. It is abundant in Case. Woods, and elsewhere. 
 
 1167. P. clandestinum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rare ; only in the border of the woods near the brook north of 
 
 the “ Nook.” Possibly introduced here. 
 
 1168. P. microcarpum, Muhl., var. sphaerocarpon, Vasey. 
 
 Rare ; woods near the road between the W. Junius ponds and 
 Geneva. 
 
 1169. P. nervosum, Muhl. {P. commutatum , Schultz. Vasey , Cat. 
 of 1885, p. 9.) 
 
 Woods ; not rare. July. 
 
 Resembles broad-leaved forms of P dichotomum , L,. Culms are 
 30-40 cm. ; smooth ; leaves elongated, lanceolate-acuminate, 8-15 
 cm. long, i-ij^ cm. wide ; scabrous near the margins, and cijiate 
 with long hairs near the base and along the sheaths ; panicle rather 
 ample ; spikelets 2 mm. long, slightly hairy. Case. Woods. Fall 
 Creek Woods. Near South Hill Marsh. Near White Church. Coy 
 Glen, ( Prof. W. Trelease) ! 
 
 1170. P. xanthophysum, Gray. 
 
 High hills in dry woods ; rare. July 1-25. 
 
 Summit of the South Pinnacle, Caroline. Thacher’s Pinnacle, 
 W. Danby. (Near Painted Post, Miss Arnold .) 
 
 1171. P. dichotomum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and dry banks ; common and variable. July, Aug. 
 
 Among the less hairy forms belonging to the type is the provis- 
 ional var. viride , Vasey, growing in woods slender, with narrow 
 leaves which spread from the culm at right angles. 
 
 1172. P. dichotomum, L. var. nitidum, Gr. 
 
 Case, and Fall Creek Woods, and elsewhere ; frequent. 
 
 1173. P. dichotomum, R. var. pubescens, Vasey, (P. pubescens ? Man. 
 649,) may at present stand for a large number of more or less 
 hairy forms frequent in this region. The hairs in some, extend up 
 the peduncle into the panicle ; all have hairy flowers. This spe- 
 cies needs a thorough revision. 
 
 1174. P. depauperatum, Muhl. # (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods and banks ; frequent. June. 
 
22 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 1175. P. Crus-gaeei, F. Barn-yard Grass. (H. and C.) 
 
 Cultivated grounds, shores, etc. ; very common. Aug.-Sept. 
 Beside the common form it varies into the following : 
 
 1176. P. Crus-gaeei, L m var. muTicum, Vasey. 
 
 The flowers are almost wholly awnless, the clusters close and 
 dark, often blackish-purple. Myers Point. Near Union Springs, 
 Cayuga and Montezuma. 
 
 1177. P. Crus-galli, F-, var. hispidum, Gray, (clearly the P. hispidum. 
 Muhl., Descript. Uberior Gram. p. 107 ; probably P. echinatum , 
 Trin., but not clearly that, ; see fig. 162, in Species Graminum.) 
 
 Inlet Marshes. Cayuga Marshes, where its large violet-colored 
 panicles are very showy. Probably indigenous. 
 
 P. Mieiaceum, F. 
 
 Occasionally spontaneous. By the old roads on the marsh north 
 of Ithaca. Aug. 
 
 420. Setaria, Beauv. Foxtaie. 
 
 1178. S. GEAUCA, Beauv. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 1179. S. viridis, Beauv. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. July-Sept. 
 
 1180. S. viridis, Beauv., var. purpurascens, Peck. 
 
 Spike narrower, bristles few and purplish. The spike and flow- 
 ers of our form are still smaller than Dr. Peck’s type specimens. 
 Near Union Springs. 
 
 421. Spartina, Schreb. 
 
 1181. S. cynosuroides, Willd. CORDGRASS. 
 
 Near Cayuga F. Aug, Sept. 
 
 Farley’s Point, a few. Dwarf but rather abundant on Cayuga 
 Marshes, north of Black Lake. 
 
 422. Zizania, Finn. 
 
 1182. Z. aquatica, F. WiED RlCE. (H. and C.) 
 
 The larger marshes, where it is frequent. July 25-Aug. 15. 
 
 Inlet marshes. Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 423. FEERSiA, Swartz. 
 
 1183. F. Virginica, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Shaded places ; not uncommon. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Near the Indian Spring. Negundo Woods. Near Fall Cr., Free- 
 ville and elsewhere. 
 
 1184. F. oryzoides, Swartz. CUT Grass. 
 
 Wet sedgy ground ; common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 424. Andropogon, Finn. 
 
 1185. A. provincialis, Fam. (A. furcatus , Muhl.) 
 
 Dry gravelly banks ; frequent. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Fall Cr. Case. Cr. and elsewhere. Especially abund. along the 
 
 lake-shore. 
 
 1186. A. scoparius, M^chx. 
 
 Dry soil ; common. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 123 
 
 [A. dissitiflorus, Michx. (A. Virginians , L.,; Penn Yan, Sartwell, 
 Herb, and C] 
 
 425. Chrysopogon, Trin. 
 
 1187. C. nutans, Benth. ( Sorghum nutans , Man., p. 652. (H. andC.) 
 Dry banks ; not uncommon. Aug. 15-Sept. 15. 
 
 FallCr., near Triphammer Falls. Six Mile Cr. Lake shore and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 426. Phaearis, Linn. 
 
 P. Canariensis, L. Canary Grass. 
 
 Appears nearly every year on the campus and in waste places near 
 Ithaca. Not established. July. 
 
 1188. P. arundinacea, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes, where it is frequent. June. 
 
 Especially on Inlet and Cayuga Marshes. 
 
 1189. *P. ARUNDINACEA, L. var. PICTA. 
 
 Established by road near steamboat landing, Ithaca. East of 
 Varna, by railroad. Near Red-Mills Pond. Near Dryden L- 
 
 427. Anthoxanthum, Linn. 
 
 1190. A. odoratum, L. Sweet-scented Grass. 
 
 Fields ; infrequent, June. 
 
 Univ. campus. By road south of Beebe Pond. W. Dryden. Car- 
 oline Hills. Saxon Hill. 
 
 428. Aeopecurus, Linn. 
 
 1191. A. PRATENSIS, L. 
 
 Scarce ; a few places on the campus. May 20-30. 
 
 1192. A. GENICUEATUS, L. (C.) 
 
 Scarce; Canoga Marshes. Cortland Marl Ponds. 
 
 1193. A. geniculatus, L. var. aristulatus, Munro. (A. aristulatus , 
 
 Mx. Man., p. 608.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes and near peat-bogs ; frequent. June. 
 
 Fall Creek and Inlet Marshes. South Hill Marsh. Dryden-Lan- 
 sing Swamp. Summit Marsh and elsewhere. 
 
 429. Oryzopsis, Michx. 
 
 1194. O. melanocarpa. Muhl. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky places or ravines ; where it is frequent. July 15-30. 
 
 1195. O. asperifolia, Michx. Mountain Rice. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods along ravines or hills ; frequent. May 10-20. 
 
 Beside the above habitat it also occurs in the rich woods near 
 Freeville and the Round-Marshes. 
 
 1196. O. Canadensis, Torr. (C.) 
 
 Banks of ravines ; rare. June 1-15. 
 
 Taughannock ; south side, east of the Cataract House, 1882, (F. C. 
 Curtice. ) Also between the Cataract House and the Falls ; and on 
 “ Eagle Cliff,” above the Falls, 1884. 
 
 430. Mieium, Linn. 
 
 1197. M. effusum, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Swamps and wet places in ravines ; infrequent. June 1-20. 
 
124 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 Fall Cr. ravine and above Forest Home. Dryden-Lansing Swamp. 
 Malloryville. Round Marshes. Michigan Hollow and elsewhere. 
 
 431. MuheEnbergia, Shreb. 
 
 1198. M. sobolifera, Trin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky places ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Fall Cr. Chiefly 011 the lake-shore declivities, where it grows in 
 beds. The leaves, when mature, stand at right angles from the 
 stem. 
 
 1199. M. glomerata, Trin. (C.) 
 
 Sphagnum swamps, and in ravines ; frequent. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 Buttermilk ravine. Larch Meadow and elsewhere Also in dry 
 
 woods on the Pinnacles near White Church. 
 
 1200. M. Mexicana, Trin. (H. andC.) 
 
 Shaded places ; common. Aug. 
 
 1201. M. Mexicana, Trin. var. filiformis, Vasey, is in Fall Cr. and 
 other ravines. 
 
 1202. M. sylvatica, Torr. and Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Moist soil ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 1203. M. Willdenovii, Trin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky places ; not common. Aug. 
 
 Six Mile Creek, at the “Narrows.” Enfield ravine. Thacher’s 
 Pinnacle and elsewhere. 
 
 1204. M. diffusa, Shreb. Nimbee Wiee. (H. and C.) 
 
 In old orchards and fields ; frequent. Sept.-Oct. 
 
 University Grove, and elsewhere on East Hill. Frequent on the 
 lakeshore points ; “Sheldrake,” (Dr. Gray , 1831.) 
 
 432. Brachyeeytrum, Beauv. 
 
 1205. B. aristatum, Beauv. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and low woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 The form “var. Engelmanni ,” was found in Fall Cr. by Mr. Hine. 
 
 433. PheEum, Linn. 
 
 1206. P. pratense, L. Timothy. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June. 
 
 Since 1872 we have noticed autumnal specimens of this species 
 with spikes bearing numerous viviparous flowering glumes (“lower 
 palets.”) It seems to be a case perfectly parallel to that of Poa al- 
 pina , on which Mohl based his important theory of the structure of 
 the spikelet. The flowering glume develops into a complete leaf 
 with sheath, ligula, and a bright green blade 1-1 x /z cm. long. The 
 plants are usually growing in moist soil, and only the second growth 
 of the season becomes viviparous. The same monstrosity appears 
 rarely in the autumnal spikes of Dactylis. Viviparous Phleums have 
 been observed in the Hudson R. valley by Gerard and in New Eng. 
 
 434. Sporoboeus, R. Br. 
 
 1207. S. vaginaeflorus, Torr. ( Vilfa vaginczjlora, Man., p. 609.. (C.) 
 
 Sandy or gravelly soil. Sept. 
 
 Near Fall Cr. mills and near Triphammer Falls. Abundant on 
 the lakeshore banks, near Ludlowville, Aurora, Sheldrake, etc. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 125 
 
 435. Agrostis, Linn. 
 
 1208. A. perennans, Tuck. (H.) 
 
 Woods and ravines ; frequent. July-Sept. 
 
 1209. A. scabra, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Old logs in marshes and exsiccated places ; infrequent. July- 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Eagle Hill. Michigan Hollow and other marshes. 
 
 1210. A. vulgaris, With. Red Top. (C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. The typical form — slender and with few 
 
 branches to the panicle, occurs sparingly in pastures east of Mc- 
 Lean, in Danby, etc. The cultivated Red Top is usually much more 
 robust. 
 
 1211. A. vulgaris, With., var. alba, Vasey, (A. alba,) L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Near the steamboat landing, Ithaca ; Lockwood’s Flats and else- 
 where. 
 
 436. Cinna, Linn. 
 
 1212. C. arundinacea, L. (H. andC.; 
 
 Swampy woods ; frequent. Aug. 
 
 Fall Cr. near the lake. Swamps of Freeville and elsewhere. 
 
 1213. C. pendula, Trin., (C. arundinacea , L. var. pcndula, Gr.) 
 
 Shaded wet ravines and deep swamps ; scarce. July, Aug. 
 
 Fall Cr., in the Triphammer ravine. Near Beaver Creek. Near 
 Locke Pond. A peculiarly delicate form with smaller flowers than 
 the typical one occurs in Michigan Hollow Swamp. 
 
 437. Deyeuxia, Clair. 
 
 1214. D. Canadensis, Beauv. ( Calamagrostis Canadensis , Beauv.) 
 
 Beue-JOINT. (H. and C.) 
 
 Open marshes ; common. June 20-July 10. 
 
 Inlet Marshes. In Dryden and Danby. Abundant on the Cayu- 
 ga Marshes. Occasional in ravines. The awn arises from much be- 
 low the middle of the palet in specimens from Farley’s Point. 
 
 [D. confinis, Kth., (C. confinis , Nutt.) “Penn Van,” Sartwell , 
 H. and C] 
 
 1215. D. Porteri, Vasey, (C. Porteri , Gr.) 
 
 Local and very sparingly on Thacher’s Pinnacle near W. Danby, 
 in woods of Rock Oak, Hickory, with Vacciniums, Azaleas, etc., 
 1881. These specimens are less robust than the type ; but after a 
 careful examination of plants, from our locality and from Pennsyl- 
 vania, and an interesting correspondence with Prof’r Porter, the 
 discoverer of the species, and with Dr. Vasey, to both of whom speci- 
 mens were submitted, there remains but little doubt that D. Porteri 
 is established as a N. Y. plant. It has hitherto been found only in 
 a limited section of Pennsylvania, but Prof. Porter, who has col- 
 lected more of it than any one else, agrees that our specimens should 
 be referred to his species. 
 
 438. Deschampsia, Beauv. 
 
 1216. D. flexuosa, Vasey. {Airafiexuosa, L.) Hair Grass. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry or rocky slopes ; scarce. June 20-July 20. 
 
26 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 The Pinnacles above White Church valley. Cayuga F. on cliffs 
 north of Kings Ferry ; on Utts Point ; north of Aurora. 
 
 1217. D. csespitosa, Beauv. ( Aira ccsspitosa , F-) 
 
 Near limestone or marl ; rare. July 1-20. 
 
 Marl Creek meadows and half mile west. Farley’s and Utts 
 Points, Cayuga F. 
 
 Hoecus eanatus, F., grew for several years on the south part of 
 the Campus. (“ Gorham,” Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 439. Trisetum, Torr. 
 
 1218. T. palustre, F. “Ithaca,” {Sartwell, Herb. Ham. Coll.) The 
 specimen is a genuine T. palustre , but the species is not now known 
 here. 
 
 440. Avena, Finn. 
 
 1219. A. striata, Michx. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Ravines and swamps, where it is not uncommon. May 20- 
 
 June 20. 
 
 A. sativa, F. Common Oat. Often seen on Cayuga F. shore. 
 
 441. Danthonia, DC. 
 
 J220. D. compressa, C. F. Austin. 
 
 Open woods or shores ; not uncommon. July. 
 
 Dart Woods. Turkey Hill. Near Danby. Shore of Dry den F. 
 Shore of Focke Pond. Distinguished by its usually long, flat leaves 
 sometimes overtopping the culm, and by the awned lateral lobes of 
 the flowering glume. 
 
 1221. D. spicata, Beauv. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and hills ; common. June. 
 
 EEEUSINE Indica, Gsertn., was found, 1874, on Aurora St., Ithaca ; 
 not permanent. “ Waterloo, N. Y.” ( Sartwell , Paine's Cat., p. 168.) 
 
 442. Dipeachne, Beauv. 
 
 1222. D. fascicularis, Benth. {Leptochloa fascicularis , Gray.) 
 
 Brackish or saline soil ; rare. Aug. -Sept. 
 
 “ Cayuga Marshes, ” {Dr. C. H. Peck.) Montezuma, near the salt 
 well, also in pasture, near Salt Cr. 
 
 443. Phragmites, Trin. 
 
 1223. P. communis, Trin. Reed. (H. and C.) 
 
 The larger marshes ; Oct. Sparingly on Summit Marsh ; but 
 
 abundant throughout the Canoga, Cayuga and Montezuma Marshes. 
 The handsome plumes of fruit become conspicuous about the mid- 
 dle of Oct. 
 
 444. Eatonia, Raf. 
 
 [E. obtusata, Gray ; “ Seneca Fake, Gray," — see Paine’s Cat. p. 168 ; 
 and “ Yates Co.,” Sartwell Herb.) 
 
 1224. E. Dudleyi, Vasey, nov. sp. 
 
 “ Culms 2 to P/z ft. high, very slender ; cauline leaves only 1 to 2 
 inches long, abrubtly acute, spreading : the radical ones 3 to 6 inches 
 long ; panicle slender, nearly linear, 3 to 6 inches long, the branches 
 in twos or threes below, and mostly appressed ; the upper empty 
 glume obovate, obtuse, broadly scarious on the margins, and reach- 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 127 
 
 ing to the middle of the second floret, smootliisli ; the lower glume 
 broader than in E. Penn, and nearly as long as the first floret ; 
 flowering glumes linear-oblong, obtuse or abruptly acute, the sec- 
 ond one hispidulate ; palet scarious, bifid at the apex.” 
 
 ‘‘ Easily distinguished from E. Pennsylvanica by the slender culms 
 and panicle, the very short cauline, leaves, the longer and wider 
 lower glume, the more obtuse upper one, and the shorter, obtuser 
 flowering glumes. Grows in dry open woods.” 
 
 “Michigan, New York, Long Island, Penn., D. C., Va. and N. 
 Carolina.” 
 
 The above species was collected in Cascadilla Woods in 1876 and 
 referred to E. Pennsylvanica. Again collected there in June, 1881, 
 its peculiarities were first observed seriously. In 1882 Mr. Curtice 
 obtained it from South Hill, and it occurs in both dry and moist 
 soil on most of our wooded ravine-slopes ; occasionally in moist 
 soil in more open places. Beside the range given above by Dr. 
 Vasey, the writer has specimens from near Pittsburg, Pa., and it is 
 probably in all the larger herbaria under other names. 
 
 On consulting Dr. Torrey’s Herb, at Columbia Coll, in 1883, in 
 order to determine the position of this form, it was found, — together 
 with genuine E. Pennsylvanica , referred to the latter species ; and 
 it is now evident that Torrey’s description of E. Pennsylvanica in 
 the Flora of N. Y., II, p. 469, was almost wholly founded on this, 
 and not on the true form. 
 
 1225. E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes, shores and wet cliffs ; frequent. June 20-July. 
 
 445. Eragrostis, Beauv. 
 
 1226. E. reptans, Nees. 
 
 Wet sandy shores ; not common. July-Sept. 
 
 Eddy Pond, Six Mile Cr. Fall Cr. Cayuga Lake near Ludlow- 
 ville and elsewhere. “ Cayuga L., Gray,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 1227. E. major, Host. (E. poceoides, var. megastachya, Man., p. 631.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides ; occasional. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Near Armory. Streets of Ithaca. Near the Nook. Near Coy 
 Glen. 
 
 1228. E. capillaris, Linn. (C.) 
 
 Dry banks ; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. 
 
 Near Fall Cr. Mills. North of the Nook. Mouth of Salmon 
 Creek ravine. Utts Point. A very small reduced form was found 
 in the dry soil of the Circus Common. 
 
 446. Dactyus, Linn. 
 
 1229. D. GI/OMRRATA, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and borders of woods ; common. June. 
 
 Specimens with proliferous flowering glumes found on Buffalo St. , 
 Ithaca, Oct., 1884. 
 
 Cynosurus cristatus, L., was collected on Cascadilla lawn, 1878- 
 1885. 
 
28 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 447. Poa, Linn. 
 
 1230. P. annua, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides and yards ; frequent. May-Oct. 
 
 1231. P. compressa, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and woods ; common. June- Aug. 
 
 Torrey’s var. sylve stria is frequent in woods. 
 
 1232. P. serotina, Ehrh. (H. and C. ; 
 
 Wet meadows, usually ; frequent. June-July. 
 
 It occasionally appears in dry woods, growing singly. High 
 banks near Ithaca Falls. Case. Woods. High hills in Danby, etc. 
 
 1233. P. pratensis, L. Ky. BeuE-SRASS. (H.andC.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June. 
 
 1234. P. trivialis, L. 
 
 Marshes and fields, and the deep swamps. June. 
 
 From the large number of swamp stations, it is probably indige- 
 nous in this region. 
 
 1235. P. sylvestris, Gray. 
 
 Slopes of ravines ; rare. t June. 
 
 Below Green-Tree Falls — the genuine form. 
 
 1236. P. sylvestris, Gray, var. palustris. 
 
 Sphagnum bogs and cold swamps. Round Marshes. Michigan 
 Hollow. Wyckoff swamp. Culm weak and slender, branches of 
 the panicle, in twos and threes deflexed, otherwise like the type. 
 A much larger rather robust form grows in Round Marshes, and in 
 Dryden-Lansing Swamp. 
 
 1237. P. debilis, Torr. (H.) 
 
 Dry woods ; frequent. May 20-June. 
 
 1238. alsodes, Gray. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines — Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr., and especially in the deep 
 
 swamps, like Beaver Cr. and Freeville swamps. 
 
 448. Geyceria, R. Br. 
 
 1239. G. Canadensis, Trin. RATTEESNAKE Grass. 
 
 Marshes ; rare. Summit Marsh. “Junius,” (Sartwell, H. and C.) 
 July- 
 
 1240. G. elongata, Trin.; doubtful and overripe specimens from north 
 of Freeville ; and west of Locke Pond, ( F \ C. Curtice ,) probably 
 belong here. 
 
 1241. G. nervata, Trin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshy ground ; common. May-June. 
 
 This species is variable, the purple-flowered specimens with large 
 spikelets, appear quite different from those with the smaller green 
 spikelets. 
 
 1242. G. pallida, Trin. (H. and C.) 
 
 Marshes in water ; not common. June. 
 
 Near the Corner-of-the-lake. Cayuta L. Danby, in Jennings 
 Pond. 
 
 1243. G. arundinacea, Kth. ( G • aquatica , Man., p. 627.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Wet meadows ; common. June. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 129 
 
 1244. G. fluitans, R. Br. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ditches and pools ; not common. June. 
 
 About Ithaca. Summit Marsh. Dryden-Lansing Sw., and else- 
 where. 
 
 1245. G. acutiflora, Torr. 
 
 Standing pools and marshes. June. 
 
 “ Ithaca,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) Marsh near the lake. South 
 Hill Marsh, etc. More abundant than the preceding species. 
 
 449. Festuca, Linn. Fescue Grass. 
 
 1246. F. tenella, Willd. SLENDER FESCUE. (H.andC.) 
 
 Banks of ravines and dry woods ; frequent. June. 
 
 Case, and Fall Cr. Woods and elsewhere. Awns often longer 
 than the flowering glume instead of “ shorter or equalling ” it. 
 
 1247. F. ovina, L. 
 
 Lawns (introduced) in the University Grove, on State and Seneca 
 Streets and elsewhere. I11 woods (possibly native) north of King’s 
 Ferry, on Utts Point and banks of the lake north of Union Springs 
 and of Aurora. May-June. 
 
 1248. F. duriuscula, Linn. (C.) 
 
 Lawns ; in the University Grove ; Case. Place. Utts Point. 
 
 1249. F. elatior, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields ; common. June. 
 
 1250. F. nutans, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Woods ; frequent. June. 
 
 In Case. Woods and generally distributed throughout our limits. 
 
 450. Bromus, Linn. 
 
 1251. B. secalinus, L. Chess. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fields and roadsides ; frequent. June. 
 
 1252. B. RACEMOSUS, L. 
 
 Scarce ; near McLean, 1879 ; near Lehigh Valley depot ; near 
 Lick Brook. Aurora. 
 
 1253. B. Kalmii, Gray. 
 
 Ravines and open meadows ; scarce. June. 
 
 Six Mile Cr., above the Sulphur Spring, and near Green-Tree 
 Falls. Larch Meadow. Near Beaver Cr. 
 
 1254. B. ciliatus, L. (C.) 
 
 Ravines and river banks ; abundant. June-July. 
 
 1255. B. ciliatus, L. var. purgans, Gr., is in Turkey Hill Woods ; 
 near Ludlowville and elsewhere. 
 
 1256. B. ciliatus, L. var. , approaching some of the Rocky Mt. 
 
 forms (according to Dr. Vasey,) occurs in our sphagnum bogs or 
 wet meadows. The plants are low, light-green ; the panicle pecul- 
 iarly chaffy in appearance, light-colored, and the flowering glumes 
 smooth on the back but strongly ciliate. It is abundant, in Round 
 Marshes, along Locke Pond and elsewhere. 
 
 1257. B. STERiLis, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rare ; June. Taughannock near the landing, 1884, ( F \ V. Co - 
 
 mile.) ! 
 
13 ° 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA . 
 
 451. IyOUUM, Linn. 
 
 1258. L. perEnne, L. Darn EE. 
 
 Lawns and fields ; local. June-Oct. 
 
 Near Case. Place since 1879. Field south of “ Edgewood,” rather 
 abundant. E. of Dr. Law’s. “Geneva,” ( Sartwell , H. and C.) 
 
 Hordeum murinum, L., appeared one year, 1882, on the Fiske 
 McGraw grounds, (F- L. K.)\ 
 
 Hordeum jubatum, L., grew on the south part of the Campus, 1878- 
 1881. 
 
 452. Agropyrum, Beauv. 
 
 1259. A. repens, Beauv., ( Triticum ?epens , L.) Couch Grass. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Roadsides, and dry fields ; frequent. July. 
 
 On the Campus, near the “Diamond,” is abed of low, glaucous 
 plants, almost wholly awnless. 
 
 1260. A. caninum, R. and S., (T. caninum , L.) (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry woods and banks of ravines ; frequent. July. 
 
 A variable species, often approaching T. violaceum in the char- 
 acter of the awns. A very slender straight-awned form is found on 
 the high wooded hills of Danby and Caroline. 
 
 1261. A. caninum, R. andS., var. , occurs near Lowery’s Pond 
 
 in the marsh, and approaches T. violaceum, in the somewhat pur- 
 plish flowers, the erect spike and short and straight or even spread- 
 ing awns. 
 
 453. Eeymus, Linn. Ray-Grass. 
 
 1262. E. Virginicus, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks of ravines, and river-banks ; frequent. July-Aug. 
 
 Flowers are often hairy, instead of “ smooth.” 
 
 1263. E. Canadensis, L. (H. and C.) 
 
 River-banks and shores ; frequent. July. 
 
 1264. E. Canadensis, L-, var. glaucifolius, Gr. 
 
 Especially abundant at the foot of the cliffs all along the lake 
 shore. 
 
 1265. E. striatus, Willd. (H. and C.) 
 
 Fall Cr. Case. Cr. Enfield ravine. Cayuga L. shore. 
 
 1266. E. striatus, Willd., var. villosus, Gr. 
 
 Negundo Woods. Near Salmon Cr. Near Shurgur’s Glen and 
 elsewhere near the lake ; not rare. 
 
 454. AsprEEEA, Willd. 
 
 1267. A. Hystrix, Willd., ( Gymnostichum Hystrix , Schr.) 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 Hedges and borders of woods ; frequent. July. 
 
 SECAEE CEREAEE. Willd. Rye. Frequently springs up by roadsides. 
 
THE CAYUGA FLOE A. 
 
 131 
 
 G-YMNOSPERMiE. 
 
 CONIFERS. 
 
 455. Thuya, Tourn. 
 
 1268. T. occidentalis, L. Arbor-Vit^E. White Cedar. 
 
 (H. and C.) 
 
 In “cedar swamps,” or marshes; scarce. May 10-20. 
 
 A half mile northwest of Black Lake, in a swamp north of Lay’s 
 Iron Spring, — a large number. Scattered trees occur about Low- 
 ery’s Pond. 
 
 456. Juniperus, Linn. 
 
 1269. J. communis, L. Juniper. (C. by Dr. Wright.) 
 
 Rare ; May 1-15. Three stations are known : In a pasture west 
 
 of Eagle Hill ; South Hill, north of S. S. 420 ; W. Danby, near the 
 western base of Thacher’s Pinnacle, {E. V. Coville.) As the plants 
 in all cases are single and staminate, possibly the species is not 
 truly indigenous here. 
 
 1270. *J. Virginiana, L. Red Cedar. (H. and C.) 
 
 Rocky banks or hillsides ; not uncommon. Apr. 15-30. 
 
 Fall Cr. and other ravines, and abundant along the banks of 
 Cayuga L. A fine tract of them on the hillsides south of Larch 
 Meadow. 
 
 457. Taxus, Tourn. 
 
 1271. T. Canadensis, Willd., ( T \ baccata , L., var. Canadensis , Man., 
 
 p. 474.) Ground Hemeock. Yew. (H. and C.) 
 
 Along ravines and in cold swamps ; frequent- Apr. 20-May 10. 
 
 Among the swamp habitats are Ellis Hollow Swamp, Michigan 
 Hollow and Bear Swamp. 
 
 458. Pinus, Tourn. 
 
 1272. P. strobus, L- White Pine. (H and C.) 
 
 Woods and hills ; frequent. June. 
 
 Once the principal forest tree over large areas in this vicinity. 
 Occasionally single first-growth pines are still seen, rising far above 
 the surrounding forest. In Rhodes Woods there are many such ; 
 but the only undisturbed tract is “ Signer’s Woods,” about forty 
 acres in extent, largely of pines, and lying in the bottom of the val- 
 ley north of Summit Marsh. There are many magnificent trees 
 I30°-I50° in height. 
 
 1273. resinosa, Ait. Red Pine. Norway Pine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Dry banks and declivities ; not common. June. 
 
 North bank of Six Mile Cr., below Well Falls ; on the promon- 
 tory east of the Sulphur Spring. Mouth of Coy Glen. Frequent 
 on north bank of Buttermilk ravine. High bank north of Lucifer 
 Falls. Abundant on the high ridge east of W. Danby. On Ball 
 Hill. The largest groups are on the declivities between White 
 Church and Brookton. East shore of Cayuga Lake, from McKin- 
 ney’s to Ludlowville. Wanting on the west shore except at Taug- 
 hannock and Trumansburg ravines. 
 
132 
 
 THE CAYUGA FLORA. 
 
 
 1274. P. rigida, Mill. Pitch Pine. (H. and C.) 
 
 Hills or dry soil ; frequent. June. 
 
 Campus, Cascadilla Woods and elsewhere. 
 
 459. PiCEA, Link. 
 
 1275. P- nigra, Link. {Abies nigra, Poir.) Beack Spruce. (C.) 
 Scarce; May. Enfield “ Spruce Swamp. ” Woodwardia Swamp, 
 
 where the trees are dwarfed. 
 
 460. Tsuga, Endl. 
 
 1276. *T. Canadensis, Carriere. {Abies Canadensis , Michx., Hem- 
 lock. (H. and C.) 
 
 Ravines and swampy woods ; common. June. 
 
 The central portion of Round Marsh Woods is largely made up 
 of first-growth hemlocks, where some of the trees attain splendid 
 proportions. 
 
 461. Abies, Tourn. 
 
 1277. A. balsamea, Miller. Fir. Balsam Fir. (H. and C.) 
 
 Scarce ; May. Fir-Tree Swamp northeast of Freeville. Also a 
 
 few trees on West side of S. C. railroad. Near the mouth of Mud 
 Creek, formerly. Fir-Tree Swamp southeast of Danby village. 
 
 462. Larix, Tourn. 
 
 1278. L. Americana, Michx. Larch. Tamarack. (H. and C.) 
 Marshes and swamps ; infrequent. May 1-15. 
 
 Larch Meadow formerly ; still among the cedars south. Freeville, 
 {Dr. Jordan.)\ Mud Cr. Woodwardia Swamp. Fir-Tree Swamp 
 east of Danby. Michigan Hollow, — large trees. W. Junius, Tama- 
 rack Swamp and near the ponds. 
 
Additions and Corrections. 
 
 p. vii. For “ Aster sagithfolius,” read “ Aster sagittifolius.” 
 p. xi., line 16. For “ plant ” read “plants.” 
 
 p. xiv., line 20. For “ Lathyrus palustris ” read “ Lathy rus palus- 
 ter .” 
 
 p. xv., line 7 from bottom. For “ eastern ” read “ south-eastern.” 
 p. 2. Erase all under “ 13V’ 
 
 p. 3. For “ R. alismcefolias ,” read “ R. alismcefolius .” 
 p. 12, no. 94. For “ P. graveoleus ” read “ P. graveolensP 
 p. 12, no. 96, For “ L. Majoi ” read “ L. major.” 
 p. 14, no. 107. For “sepels” read “sepals,” and for “placenta” 
 read “ placentae.” 
 
 p. 19. Before genus “ 72, Acanthus” write Order 
 
 “ SIMARUBACEiE.” 
 
 p. 24, no. 197. For “ Robinia Psevdacacia ” read “R. Pseudacacia .” 
 p. 26, no. 223 and no. 224. For “ Lathyrus palustris” read “ Lathy- 
 rus paluster.” 
 
 p. 27, no. 229. For “ G. triacanthus” and “ G. triacanthos .” 
 p. 42, no. 381. For “ N. multijlora” read “ N. sylvatica ,” Marsh, 
 p. 46, line 3. For “ Dipcacus ” read “ Dipsacus.” 
 p. 58, no. 572. After “ S. S. 420” add : “ also 1 mile southwest of W. 
 Junius.” 
 
 p. 67, no. 657. For “ S. nodosa , E.” read “ S. nodosa , E., var. Ma- 
 rilandica , Gray.” 
 
 p. 68, no. 672. For “ G. Pedicularja ” read “ G. pedicularia.” 
 p. 72, no. 710. For “ M. Clinopodia” read “M. clinopodia.” 
 p. 76, no. 743 and and 744. For “ B. rubrum ” and “ B. Capitatum ” 
 read “ Chenopodium rubrum , L.” and “ C. capitatum , Wats.” 
 p. 99, no. 928. For “ M. Virginica” read “ M. Virginiana.” 
 p. 1 17, no. 1134. Strike out “var. elongata, Torr.” 
 p. 124, no. 1206. For “in Hudson R. valley, by Gerard,” read “on 
 Staten Id, by Britton and Hollick. 
 

 
Index to Orders and Genera. 
 
 Abies 
 
 Abutilon 
 
 Acalypha 
 
 Acanthaceae. . 
 
 Acer 
 
 Achillaea 
 
 Acorus 
 
 Actaea 
 
 Actinomeris .... 
 
 Adlumia 
 
 iEsculus 
 
 Agrimonia .... 
 Agropyrum .... 
 
 Agrostis 
 
 Ailantlius 
 
 Aira 
 
 Alisma 
 
 Alismaceae. . . 
 
 Allium 
 
 Alnus 
 
 Alopecurus 
 
 Alyssum 
 
 Amarantus 
 
 Amarantaceae . 
 Amaryllidaceae 
 
 Ambrosia 
 
 Amelanchier . . . 
 
 Ampelopsis 
 
 Amphicarpaea . . . 
 Anacardiaceae . 
 Anacharis * ‘ . . . 
 
 Anagallis 
 
 Anaphalis 
 
 Andromeda 
 
 Andropogon . . . . 
 
 Anemone 
 
 Anemonella . . . 
 Antennaria .... 
 Antkemis .... 
 Anthoxanthum . 
 Anychia ..... 
 
 Aphyllon 
 
 Apios 
 
 Aplectrum . . . 
 Apocynaceae . 
 Apocynum . . . 
 
 A q u i f o 1 i a c e ae 
 
 Aquilegia 
 
 Arabis 
 
 Ar aceae 
 
 Aralia 
 
 Araliaceae. . . 
 Archangelica . . . 
 
 Arctium 
 
 Arctostaphylos . . 
 Aren aria ..... 
 
 AGE. 
 
 • *3* 
 . 17' 
 . 81 
 
 . 70 
 . 21 
 
 • 53 
 . 103 
 
 • 5 
 
 • 52 
 . 8 
 . 21 
 
 • 3i 
 . 130 
 . 125* 
 
 • 19 
 . 125 
 . 103 
 . 103 
 
 • 97 
 
 • 85 
 
 • 123 
 
 • 9 
 
 • 75 
 
 • 75 
 
 • 97 
 . 5i 
 
 • 33 
 . 21 
 . 26 
 . 22 
 
 • 93 
 . 61 
 
 • 50 
 
 • 58 
 
 . 122 
 . 1 
 
 2 
 
 • 50 
 
 • 5.2 
 . 123 
 
 • 75 
 . 69 
 . 26 
 
 • 93 
 . 62 
 . 62 
 
 • 19 
 
 • 4 
 . 10 
 . 102 
 
 • 4i 
 . 41 
 . 40 
 
 • 53 
 
 • 58 
 . 16 
 
 Ar'qthusa 
 
 i Arteaema 
 
 Aris^olochia 
 
 "'Aristolochiaceae. 
 
 Artemisia 
 
 Asarum 
 
 Asclepias 
 
 Asclepiadaceae . . 
 
 Asparagus 
 
 Asperugo 
 
 Asprella 
 
 Aster 
 
 Astragalus 
 
 Atriplex 
 
 Avena .... • . . . 
 
 Azalea 
 
 Baptisia 
 
 Bartonia 
 
 Barbarea 
 
 Beilis 
 
 Berberidaceae. . 
 
 Berberis 
 
 Betula 
 
 Betulacese 
 
 Bidens 
 
 Bignoniaceae. . . 
 
 Blephilia 
 
 Blitum 
 
 Boehmeria 
 
 Borraginacese . . 
 
 Borrago 
 
 Brachyelytrum . . . . 
 
 Brasenia 
 
 Brassica . 
 
 Bromus 
 
 Brunella 
 
 Buchnera 
 
 Calamagrostis .... 
 
 Calamintha 
 
 Calla . 
 
 Callitrichacese. . 
 
 Callitriche 
 
 Calopogon 
 
 Caltha 
 
 Calystegia 
 
 Camelina 
 
 Campanula 
 
 Campanulaceae . . 
 
 Cannabis 
 
 Capparidaceae . . 
 Caprifoliaceae . . 
 
 Capsella 
 
 Cardamine 
 
 Carex 
 
 Carpinus 
 
 Carum 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 • • 94 
 . . 102 
 
 ■ • 79 
 
 • • 79 
 
 ■ • 53 
 . . 79 
 . . 62 
 
 . 62 
 . . 98 
 
 ■ • 65 
 
 ■ • 130 
 . . 48 
 
 . . 24 
 
 • 76 
 . 126 
 
 • • 59 
 , . 22 
 
 • 63 
 . . 11 
 
 ■ • 48 
 . 6 
 
 . . 6 
 
 • 85 
 
 • • 85 
 . . 52 
 
 . 70 
 
 • • 73 
 
 • 76 
 , . 82 
 
 . 64 
 
 • 65 
 . 124 
 
 • 7 
 . 11 
 . 129 
 
 125 
 
 72 
 
 102 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 94 
 
 4 
 
 66 
 
 12 
 
 57 
 
 56 
 
 83 
 
 12 
 
 42 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 no 
 
 85 
 
 39 
 
11 
 
 INDEX TO ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 Carya 
 
 Caryophyllaceae . . 
 
 Cassandra 
 
 Cassia 
 
 Castanea 
 
 Castilleia- 
 
 Catalpa 
 
 Caulophyllum 
 
 Ceanothus 
 
 Celastraceae .... 
 
 Celastrus 
 
 Celtis 
 
 Centaurea 
 
 Cephalanthus 
 
 Cerastium 
 
 Ceratophyllaceae . 
 
 Ceratophyllum 
 
 Chserophyllum 
 
 Chamaelirium 
 
 Chelidonium 
 
 Chelone 
 
 Chenopodiaceae . . 
 
 Chenopodium 
 
 Chimaphila 
 
 Chiogenes 
 
 Chrysanthemum . . . . 
 
 Chrysopogon 
 
 Chrysosplenium .... 
 
 Cichorium 
 
 Cicuta 
 
 Cimicifuga 
 
 Cinna 
 
 Circaea 
 
 Cirsium 
 
 Cistaceae 
 
 Cladium . 
 
 Claytonia 
 
 Clematis 
 
 Clintonia 
 
 Cnicus 
 
 Collinsia 
 
 Collinsonia 
 
 Coniferae 
 
 Conioselinum 
 
 Conium 
 
 Conopholis 
 
 Convolvulaceae. . . 
 
 Convolvulus 
 
 Comandra 
 
 Compositae 
 
 Comptonia 
 
 Coptis 
 
 Corallorhiza 
 
 Coreopsis 
 
 Cornaceae 
 
 Cornus 
 
 Corylus 
 
 Corydalis 
 
 Crassulaceae 
 
 Crataegus 
 
 Cruciferae 
 
 Cryptotaenia 
 
 Cucurbitaceae . . . 
 
 Cupuliferae 
 
 Cuscuta 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 • • 83 
 
 . . 14 
 . • 58 
 . . 26 
 . . 86 
 . . 69 
 . . 70 
 . . 6 
 . . 20 
 
 . . 20 
 . . 20 
 . . 82 
 
 • • 54 
 . . 44 
 
 • • 15 
 
 . . 81 
 . . 81 
 
 • • 39 
 . . 100 
 
 • • 7 
 
 • • 67 
 
 • • 75 
 
 • • 75 
 
 • • 59 
 . • 58 
 
 • • 53 
 . . 123 
 
 • • 34 
 
 • • 54 
 
 • 39 
 
 • • 5 
 
 . • 125 
 . . 38 
 
 • • 54 
 
 . . 12 
 
 . . no 
 . . 16 
 . . 1 
 
 . . 99 
 
 • • 54 
 . . 67 
 
 • • 7 i 
 
 • • 131 
 
 . . 40 
 
 • • 38 
 
 • • 69 
 
 • • 65 
 
 • • 65 
 . . 80 
 
 . . 46 
 . . 84 
 . . 4 
 
 • • 93 
 . . 52 
 . . 41 
 . . 41 
 
 • • 85 
 . . 8 
 
 • • 35 
 
 • • 32 
 
 • 9 
 
 • • 39 
 
 66 
 
 Cynoglossum .... 
 
 PAGE. 
 .... 64 
 
 Cynosurus 
 
 
 Cyperaceae 
 
 
 Cyperus 
 
 ... 107 
 
 Cypripedium 
 
 ... 96 
 
 Dactylis 
 
 ... 127 
 
 Dalibarda 
 
 ... 28 
 
 Danthonia 
 
 
 Daphne 
 
 
 Datura 
 
 ... 67 
 
 Daucus 
 
 ... 40 
 
 Delphinium 
 
 ... 4 
 
 Dentaria 
 
 ... 9 
 
 Deschampsia 
 
 ... 125 
 
 Desmodium 
 
 ... 24 
 
 Deyeuxia 
 
 ... 125 
 
 Dianthera 
 
 ... 70 
 
 Diauthus 
 
 ... 14 
 
 Dicentra 
 
 ... 8 
 
 Diervilla 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Diplachne 
 
 . . . 126 
 
 Diplopappus 
 
 . . . 49 
 
 Dipsaceae 
 
 ••• 45 
 
 Dipsacus 
 
 ... 45 
 
 Dirca 
 
 
 Draba 
 
 ... 9 
 
 Drosera 
 
 ... 36 
 
 Droseraceae 
 
 ... 36 
 
 Dulichium 
 
 
 Eatonia 
 
 
 Echinocystis 
 
 .... 38 
 
 Echinops 
 
 ... 54 
 
 Echinospermum . . . 
 
 ... 64 
 
 Elaeagnaceae. . . 
 
 
 Eleocharis 
 
 
 Elodea 
 
 ... 17 
 
 Elodes 
 
 ... 17 
 
 Elymus 
 
 . . . 130 
 
 Epigaea 
 
 ... 58 
 
 Epilobium 
 
 ... 37 
 
 Epiphegus 
 
 ... 69 
 
 Eragrostis 
 
 
 Erechthites 
 
 ... 53 
 
 Ericaceae 
 
 ... 57 
 
 Erigeron 
 
 ... • 50 
 
 Eriophorum 
 
 
 Erysimum 
 
 ... 11 
 
 Erythronium 
 
 ... 98 
 
 Euonymus 
 
 
 Eupatorium 
 
 
 Euphorbia 
 
 ... 80 
 
 Euphorbiaceae . . , 
 
 80 
 
 Fagopyrum 
 
 ... 79 
 
 Fagus 
 
 ... 86 
 
 Fedia 
 
 ... 45 
 
 Festuca 
 
 . . . 129 
 
 Ficoideae 
 
 ... 38 
 
 Floerkea 
 
 , . . . 18 
 
 Fragaria . . 
 
 ... 29 
 
 Fraxinus 
 
 
 Fumaria 
 
 ... 9 
 
 Fumariaceae 
 
 ... 8 
 
 Galeopsis . . 
 
 ... 74 
 
 Galium 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Gaultiera 
 
 ... 58 
 
INDEX TO ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 in 
 
 Gaura 
 
 PAGE. 
 • • 33 
 
 Gaylussacia 
 
 • • 57 
 
 Gentiana 
 
 . . 62 
 
 Gentianaceae. . . . 
 
 . . 62 
 
 Gerardia 
 
 . . 68 
 
 Geraniaceae 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Geranium 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Geum 
 
 • • 29 
 
 Gillenia 
 
 . . 28 
 
 Gleditschia 
 
 • • 27 
 
 Glyceria 
 
 . . 128 
 
 Gnaplialium 
 
 • • 50 
 
 Goodyera 
 
 • • 94 
 
 G r a m i n e ae 
 
 
 Gratiola 
 
 . . 68 
 
 Gvmnocladus 
 
 
 Gymnosticlium 
 
 . • 130 
 
 Habenaria 
 
 • • 95 
 
 Halorageae 
 
 . . 36 
 
 Hamamelacese. . . 
 
 • • • 36 
 
 Hamamelis 
 
 . . 36 
 
 Hedeoma 
 
 • • 72 
 
 Helenium 
 
 • • 52 
 
 Helianthemum 
 
 . . 12 
 
 Helianthus 
 
 • • 5 i 
 
 Heliopsis 
 
 • • 5 i 
 
 Helleborus 
 
 • • • 5 
 
 Hemerocallis 
 
 . . 100 
 
 Hepatica 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Heracleum 
 
 . . 40 
 
 Hesperis 
 
 
 Hibiscus 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Hieracium 
 
 • • 55 
 
 Hippuris 
 
 . • 36 
 
 Holcus 
 
 . . 126 
 
 Hordeum 
 
 • • 130 
 
 Houstonia 
 
 • • 44 
 
 Hypoxj^s 
 
 • • 97 
 
 Hydrastis 
 
 • • 5 
 
 Hydrocharidaceae . 
 
 • • 93 
 
 Hydrocotyle 
 
 • • 38 
 
 Hydrophyllaceae . 
 
 • • 63 
 
 Hydrophyllum 
 
 • • 63 
 
 Hypericaceae. . . . 
 
 • • 17 
 
 Hypericum 
 
 • • 17 
 
 Hvssopus 
 
 • • 7 i 
 
 Humulus 
 
 • • 83 
 
 Ilex 
 
 • • 19 
 
 Ilicineae 
 
 • • 19 
 
 Illicebraceae . . . . 
 
 • • 75 
 
 Ilysanthes 
 
 . . 68 
 
 Impatiens 
 
 • • 19 
 
 Inula 
 
 . . 50 
 
 Ionidium 
 
 • • 13 
 
 Ipomoea 
 
 . • 65 
 
 Iridaceae 
 
 . . 96 
 
 Iris 
 
 . . 96 
 
 Jeffersonia 
 
 . . 6 
 
 Juglandaceae. . . . 
 
 • • 83 
 
 Juglans 
 
 • • 83 
 
 Juncaceae 
 
 . . 100 
 
 Juncus 
 
 
 Juniperus 
 
 • • 131 
 
 Kalmia 
 
 • • 59 
 
 Labiatae 
 
 • • 7 i 
 
 Lactuca 
 
 PAGE. 
 • • • 55 
 
 Lamium 
 
 
 Laportea 
 
 . . . 82 
 
 Lappa 
 
 • • • 53 
 
 Larix 
 
 . . • 132 
 
 Latliyrus 
 
 . . 26 
 
 Lauraceae 
 
 . . 80 
 
 Lechea 
 
 . . 12 
 
 Ledum 
 
 ■ • • 59 
 
 Leersia 
 
 . . . 122 
 
 L e g u 111 i 11 0 s ae . . . 
 
 . . . 22 
 
 Lenina 
 
 . . 103 
 
 L e 111 11 a c e ae 
 
 . . . 103 
 
 Lentibulaceae. ... 
 
 . . 70 
 
 Leonurus 
 
 • • • 73 
 
 Lepidium 
 
 . . . 12 
 
 Leptochloa 
 
 
 Lespedeza 
 
 • • • 25 
 
 Leucanthemum 
 
 • • • 53 
 
 Levisticum 
 
 . . . 40 
 
 Liatris 
 
 . . . 46 
 
 Ligustrum 
 
 . . . 61 
 
 Liliaceae 
 
 ... 97 
 
 Lilium 
 
 . . 98 
 
 Linaceae 
 
 . . . 18 
 
 Li n aria 
 
 ... 67 
 
 Linnaea 
 
 • • 43 
 
 Linum 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Lindera 
 
 ... 80 
 
 Liparis 
 
 • • • 93 
 
 Liriodendron 
 
 ... 5 
 
 Lithospermum .... 
 
 • • • 65 
 
 Lobelia : . 
 
 . . . 56 
 
 Lobeliaceae .... 
 
 . . . 56 
 
 Lolium 
 
 • • 130 
 
 Lonicera 
 
 • • 43 
 
 Lophantlius 
 
 • • • 73 
 
 Lotus 
 
 . . . 23 
 
 Ludwigia 
 
 • • • 37 
 
 Lun aria 
 
 . . . 9 
 
 Lupinus 
 
 • • 23 
 
 Lychnis 
 
 . . . 15 
 
 Lyciuin 
 
 . . . 66 
 
 Lycopersicum .... 
 
 ... 67 
 
 Lycopus 
 
 ... 71 
 
 Lysimachia 
 
 . . 61 
 
 Lythraceae 
 
 • • • 37 
 
 Lythrum 
 
 • • 37 
 
 Magnolia 
 
 • • • 5 
 
 Magnoliaceae. . . 
 
 • • • 5 
 
 Maianthemum 
 
 98 
 
 Malva 
 
 . . 17 
 
 Malvaceae 
 
 . . . 17 
 
 Marrubium 
 
 • • • 73 
 
 Maruta 
 
 . . . 52 
 
 Medeola 
 
 . . . 99 
 
 Medicago 
 
 • • . 23 
 
 Melampyrum 
 
 ... 69 
 
 Melastomaceae. . 
 
 • • • 36 
 
 Melilotus 
 
 • • • 23 
 
 Melissa 
 
 . . . 72 
 
 Menispermaceae . 
 
 . . . 6 
 
 Menispermum .... 
 
 . . . 6 
 
 Mentha 
 
 ... 71 
 
 Menyanthes 
 
 . . . 63 
 
IV 
 
 INDEX TO ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 Mercurialis 
 
 PAGE. 
 ... 81 
 
 Mertensia 
 
 ... 64 
 
 Microstylis 
 
 • • • • 93 
 
 Mikania 
 
 ... 46 
 
 Milium 
 
 ... 123 
 
 Mimulus 
 
 ... 68 
 
 Mitchella 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Mitella 
 
 ... . 34 
 
 Mollugo 
 
 ... 38 
 
 Monarda 
 
 . ... 72 
 
 Moneses 
 
 ... 59 
 
 Monotropa 
 
 ... 60 
 
 Morus 
 
 ... 82 
 
 Muhlenbergia .... 
 
 ... 124 
 
 Muscari 
 
 . . . 100 
 
 Myosotis 
 
 ... 64 
 
 Myrica 
 
 ... 84 
 
 Myricaceae. . . . 
 
 ... 84 
 
 Myriophyllum .... 
 
 ... 36 
 
 Nabalus 
 
 ••• 55 
 
 N ai adaceae .... 
 
 . . . 104 
 
 Naias 
 
 
 Nardosmia 
 
 . • • 53 
 
 Nasturtium 
 
 
 Negundo 
 
 
 Neillia 
 
 . . 28 
 
 Nemopanthes 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Nepeta 
 
 • • - 73 
 
 Nesea 
 
 ... 37 
 
 Nicandra 
 
 . . . . 67 
 
 Nuphar 
 
 • • • 7 
 
 Nymphaea* 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Nymphaeaceae. . 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Nyssa 
 
 ... 42 
 
 Oakesia 
 
 ... 99 
 
 CEnothera 
 
 ... 37 
 
 Oleaceae 
 
 . . . . 61 
 
 O nagraceae .... 
 
 • • • 37 
 
 Onopordon 
 
 • •• 54 
 
 Onosmodium 
 
 • • • • 65 
 
 Orcliidaceae... . 
 
 • • • 93 
 
 Orchis 
 
 ••• 95 
 
 Ornithogalum 
 
 ... 98 
 
 Orobanchaceae . . . 
 
 .... 69 
 
 Oryzopsis 
 
 • • • 123 
 
 Osmorrkiza 
 
 • • • • 39 
 
 Ostrya . 
 
 ... 85 
 
 Oxalis 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Panicum 
 
 
 Papaver 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Papaveraceae . . . 
 
 ... 7 
 
 Parietaria 
 
 . . . 82 
 
 Parnassia 
 
 ... . 34 
 
 Pastinaca 
 
 ... 40 
 
 Pedicularis 
 
 • • • • 69 
 
 Peltandra 
 
 
 Penthorum 
 
 • • • • 35 
 
 Pentstemon 
 
 • • • 67 
 
 Perularia 
 
 • • • • 95 
 
 Petasites 
 
 • • • • 53 
 
 Peucedanum 
 
 ... 40 
 
 Phalaris 
 
 ... 123 
 
 Phleum 
 
 . . . 124 
 
 Phlox 
 
 ... 63 
 
 Phragmites 
 
 . . . 126 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Pliryma 70 
 
 Pkysalis 66 
 
 Pkysostegia 73 
 
 Phytolacca 76 
 
 Phytolaccaceae 76 
 
 Picea 132 
 
 Pilea 82 
 
 Pimpinella 39 
 
 Pinguicula 70 
 
 Pinus 131 
 
 Piperaceae 79 
 
 Pirus 32 
 
 Plantaginaceae 74 
 
 Plantago 74 
 
 Plata naceae 83 
 
 Platanus 83 
 
 Poa 128 
 
 Podophyllum 6 
 
 Pogonia 94 
 
 Polanisia 12 
 
 Polemouiaceae 63 
 
 Polygala 14 
 
 Polygalaceae 14 
 
 Polygonaceae. 76 
 
 Polygonatum 98 
 
 Polygonum 77 
 
 Pontederia 100 
 
 Pontederiaceae 100 
 
 Populus 92 
 
 Portulaca 16 
 
 Portulacaceae 16 
 
 Potamogeton 104 
 
 Potentilla 30 
 
 Poterium 31 
 
 Prenanthes 55 
 
 Primula 60 
 
 Primulaceae 60 
 
 Prosartes 99 
 
 Proserpinaca 36 
 
 Prunus 27 
 
 Pterospora 60 
 
 Pycnanthemum 71 
 
 Pyrola 60 
 
 Quercus 85 
 
 Ranunculaceae .... 1 
 
 Ranunculus 2 
 
 Raphanus 12 
 
 Rhamnacese 20 
 
 Rhamnus 20 
 
 Rhexia 36 
 
 Rhododendron 59 
 
 Rhus 22 
 
 Rhynchospora no 
 
 Ribes 34 
 
 Robinia 24 
 
 Rosa 31 
 
 Rosaceae . 27 
 
 Rubiaceae 44 
 
 Rubus 28 
 
 Rudbeckia .. . 51 
 
 Rumex 76 
 
 Rutaceae 19 
 
 Sagittaria 103 
 
 Salicaceae 87 
 
 Salix 87 
 
INDEX TO ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 v 
 
 Sambucus 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 . . 42 
 
 Samolus 
 
 . . 61 
 
 Sanguinaria 
 
 . . S 
 
 Sanguisorba 
 
 • • 3 i 
 
 Sanicula 
 
 . . 38 
 
 Santalaceae 
 
 . . 80 
 
 Sapindaceae 
 
 . . 21 
 
 Saponaria 
 
 • • 15 
 
 Sarracenia 
 
 
 Sarraceniaceae . . . 
 
 . . . 7 
 
 Sassafras 
 
 
 Saur urus 
 
 • • 79 
 
 Saxifraga 
 
 
 Saxifragaceae .... 
 
 • • ■ 34 
 
 Scabiosa 
 
 • ■ 45 
 
 Scheuchzeria 
 
 
 Schollera 
 
 
 Scirpus 
 
 . . 108 
 
 Scleranthus 
 
 • ■ 75 
 
 Scleria 
 
 . .110 
 
 Scrophularia 
 
 . . 67 
 
 Scrophulariaceae . 
 
 . . 67 
 
 Scutellaria 
 
 • • 73 
 
 Secale 
 
 • ■ 130 
 
 Sedum 
 
 • • 35 
 
 Selinum 
 
 . 40 
 
 Senecio 
 
 • • 53 
 
 Sericocarpus 
 
 . . . 48 
 
 Setaria 
 
 
 Sheplierdia 
 
 
 Sicvos 
 
 • • 38 
 
 Silene 
 
 ■ • i 5 
 
 Silybum 
 
 • • 54 
 
 Simarubaceae... . 
 
 . . 19 
 
 Sisymbrium 
 
 . . 11 
 
 Sisyrinchium 
 
 • • 97 
 
 Sium 
 
 • • 39 
 
 S m i 1 a c e ae 
 
 • • 97 
 
 Smilacina 
 
 . . 98 
 
 Smilax 
 
 • • 97 
 
 Solanaceae 
 
 . . 66 
 
 Solanum 
 
 . . 66 
 
 Solea 
 
 • • l 3 
 
 Solidago 
 
 ■ . 46 
 
 Sonchus 
 
 • • 56 
 
 Sorghum 
 
 . . 123 
 
 Sparganium 
 
 
 Spartina 
 
 
 Specularia 
 
 • • 56 
 
 Spergula 
 
 . . 16 
 
 Spiraea 
 
 . . 28 
 
 Spiranthes 
 
 • • 94 
 
 Spirodela 
 
 • • 103 
 
 Sporobolus 
 
 . 124 
 
 Stachys 
 
 • • 74 
 
 Staphylea 
 
 
 Steironema 
 
 . . 61 
 
 Stellaria 
 
 . . 16 
 
 Streptopus 
 
 • • 99 
 
 Symphoricarpus 
 
 • • 43 
 
 Symplocarpus 
 
 . . 103 
 
 Symphytum 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ... 65 
 
 Tanacetum 
 
 • • • • 53 
 
 Taraxacum 
 
 • •• 55 
 
 Taxus 
 
 . . . 131 
 
 Teplirosia 
 
 ... 23 
 
 Teucrium 
 
 ... 71 
 
 Thalictrum 
 
 ... 2 
 
 Thaspium 
 
 . ... 40 
 
 Thuya 
 
 • • • 131 
 
 Thymelaceae. . . 
 
 .... 80 
 
 Thymus 
 
 ... 72 
 
 Tiarella 
 
 ... 34 
 
 Tiliaceae 
 
 . . . . 18 
 
 Tilia 
 
 . ... 18 
 
 Tragopogon 
 
 • •• 54 
 
 Tricliostema 
 
 ... 71 
 
 Trientalis 
 
 ... 61 
 
 Trifolium 
 
 ... 23 
 
 Triglochin 
 
 . . . 104 
 
 Trillium 
 
 ... 99 
 
 Triosteum 
 
 ... 43 
 
 Trisetum 
 
 
 Triticum 
 
 . . . .130 
 
 Troll ius 
 
 ... 4 
 
 Tsuga 
 
 ... 132 
 
 Tussilago 
 
 • • • 53 
 
 Typha 
 
 . . . 101 
 
 Typhaceae 
 
 
 Ulmus 
 
 ... . 81 
 
 Umbellif erae . . . 
 
 ... 38 
 
 Urtica 
 
 ... 82 
 
 Urticaceae. . . . 
 
 ... 81 
 
 Utricularia 
 
 ... 70 
 
 Uvularia 
 
 ... 98 
 
 Vaccinium 
 
 • 57 
 
 Valeriana 
 
 ••• 45 
 
 Valerianaceae . . 
 
 • • • -45 
 
 Valerianella 
 
 • •• 45 
 
 Vallisneria 
 
 • • • • 93 
 
 Veratrum 
 
 
 Verbascum 
 
 . . . .67 
 
 Verbena 
 
 ... 71 
 
 Verbenaceae. . .. 
 
 . ... 70 
 
 Veronica 
 
 ... 68 
 
 Viburnum 
 
 ... 42 
 
 Vicia 
 
 ... 25 
 
 Vilfa 
 
 . . 124 
 
 Vinca 
 
 ... 62 
 
 Viola 
 
 ... 13 
 
 V iolaceae 
 
 ... 13 
 
 Vitaceae 
 
 
 Vitis 
 
 
 Waldsteinia 
 
 ... 29 
 
 Wolffia 
 
 ... .193 
 
 Xanthium 
 
 ... 51 
 
 Xanthoxylum 
 
 ... 19 
 
 Zannicliellia 
 
 . . . 104 
 
 Zinnia 
 
 ... 51 
 
 Zizania 
 
 
 Zizia 
 
 • • 39 
 
A CATALOGUE 
 
 The Native >nd Naturalized Plants 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF BUFFALO AND ITS VICINITY. 
 
 BY DAVID F. DAY. 
 
 BUFFALO: 
 
 Baker, Jones & Co., 222 Washington Street. 
 1883 
 
Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Buffalo 
 Society of Natural Sciences. 
 
 Vol. IV. 1882-1883. 
 
Table of Contents, 
 
 Page . 
 
 Introduction, • 5 
 
 Catalogue of Plants : — 13 
 
 PH/ENOGA^LE, 13 
 
 Exogens, 13 
 
 AiNGIOSPERMS, 13 
 
 POLYPETALS 1 3 
 
 Monopetals 39 
 
 Apetals, 64 
 
 Gymnosperms . 72 
 
 Endogens, 73 
 
 Cryptogams, 89 
 
 Acrogens. 89 
 
 Anogens, ... 93 
 
 Thallogens ... .... 103 
 
 Tabular View, . 187 
 
 Supplement — A dditions and Corrections, ...... 191 
 
 Index of Genera, 207 
 

 
 
 
 
 mim-. 
 
 mm 
 nr aw* 
 
 i 
 
 
 
The Plants of Buffalo and its Vicinity. 
 
 RY DAVID F. DAY. 
 
 It is quite certain that before the establishment of the Buffalo 
 Society of Natural Sciences no one had undertaken to inves- 
 tigate the Flora of Buffalo and determine vvhat plants it comprised. 
 
 It is true thaf at rare intervals some of the early botanists and 
 collectors had visited our neighborhood. As long ago as 1 749, Kalm, 
 a contemporary and correspondent of Linnaeus, made an excursion 
 to the Falls of Niagara, and, undoubtedly, collected some of the re- 
 markable plants of that locality. In 1806, Pursh, the author of 
 “ Flora Americse Septentrionalis ” (as we are informed in his pref- 
 ace) “ traversed the extensive and highly interesting country of 
 the Lesser and Great Lakes.” In the following year, Michaux, 
 the younger, while engaged in a botanical exploration in western 
 New York, traveled from Batavia to Buffalo, recording some inter- 
 esting observations respecting our primaeval forest ; and, some fif- 
 teen or twenty years later, Drummond and Douglass, distinguished 
 botanical explorers, made collections of plants at Niagara. Unfor- 
 tunately, however, only the scantiest and most unsatisfactory record 
 reaches us of the labors and discoveries of these pioneers of botani- 
 cal science in this vicinity. 
 
 Probably the earliest botanist who had a permanent residence in 
 Buffalo, was Dr. John A. Kinnicutt : — in 1828, one of the physi- 
 cians of the village. In “The Flora of the State of New York,” 
 Torrey makes acknowledgement of having received from Dr. Kin- 
 nicutt some of our more notable plants : but. aside from this brief 
 mention, we have no account of his botanical labors. 
 
 Upon the organization of the Buffalo Society of Natural 
 Sciences, in December, 1861, a Committee on Botany was appointed, 
 consisting of the Hon. George W. Clinton, the Society’s first 
 President, Dr. Charles C. F. Gay, and the compiler of the present 
 Catalogue. In the spring of 1862, the Committee began an investi- 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (l) 
 
 APRIL, 1882. 
 
2 
 
 gation of the Flora of Buffalo and the formation of an Herbarium, 
 for its illustration. At the close of the year 1863, two seasons hav- 
 ing been spent in the field, the Committee had detected and identi- 
 fied 936 species, or well-marked varieties, of phsenogamous plants. 
 A list of these, and of 40 species of vascular cryptogams, which 
 had also been collected, was prepared by Judge Clinton and pub- 
 lished in the spring of 1864. 
 
 The investigation thus begun, although not always prosecuted 
 with the assiduity which at first characterized it, has never since ceas- 
 ed. At the present time the plants which have been collected in our 
 region, and of which specimens are contained in the Herbarium of the 
 Societ}^-, amount to not less than 2800 species. It is confidently be- 
 lieved that except in the lower orders of the Cryptogamce , the num- 
 ber of species belonging here, and which still remain to be discov- 
 ered, is comparatively small. Hence, the Society has deemed the 
 present time a proper one to give to the botanical world a Catalogue 
 of “ The Plants of Buffalo and its Vicinity.” 
 
 In preparing such a catalogue for publication, it has been thought 
 well that it should embody the results (so far as they have proved 
 accessible) of the efforts of all persons, whether connected with the 
 Society or not, who, at any time, or in any degree, have contributed to 
 make a knowledge of our Flora more complete. For all such assist- 
 ance it has been intended that due credit should be given. But it 
 would be unpardonable if the declaration were not here placed upon 
 record, that to the tireless energy and zeal of the Society’s first Presi- 
 dent, we are indebted for much the largest and most valuable 
 part of the labors epitomized in the Catalogue. From the founda- 
 tion of the Society until his recent removal from our city, Judge 
 Clinton freely gave to the exploration of our Flora, not only the 
 assiduous attention of a profound and discriminating mind, but also 
 such unremitting, physical labor as only the most devoted student of 
 nature could have bestowed. By his hands, specimens of all the 
 plants, except Algse, here enumerated, as well as some 20,000 more, 
 the product of other regions, procured by him for the Society, have 
 been labeled and arranged in its botanical collections, henceforth, 
 in grateful recognition of his services, to be known as “The Clin- 
 ton Herbarium.” 
 
The City of Buffalo is situated at the foot of Lake Erie, in 
 latitude 4 2 0 52' 46.26" N., and longitude i° 52' 57.1" VV. of Wash- 
 ington: — the Lighthouse, at the mouth of Buffalo River, being taken 
 as the point of observation. Its mean annual temperature, deduced 
 from the daily observations of more than twenty years, is 48.39°, 
 Fahrenheit. Its mean temperature for the summer months averages 
 68.8o°, and for the winter months, 30.22°. Its changes of tempera- 
 ture, although somewhat sudden, are in fact neither as extreme nor 
 as frequent as those of many places not very distant. Usually, in 
 summer, Montreal and Quebec have warmer days, and in winter, St. 
 Louis and Memphis, colder ones. Philadelphia, lying nearly 180 
 miles more southerly, has a higher annual temperature of only six 
 degrees. 
 
 The cause of this equability of climate is easily discovered. 
 Within the limits of Buffalo are eight miles of the shore of Lake 
 Erie and Niagara River. The waters of the lake, warmed by the 
 summer, later in the year impart their heat to the atmosphere, and 
 thus for a while, retard the approach of winter. The same cause, 
 acting in the opposite direction, delays the spring, (often for a con- 
 siderable time), and always moderates the heat of summer. But 
 these effects extend inland only a few miles. 
 
 The height of Lake Erie has been ascertained to be 573 feet 
 above the ocean. The City of Buffalo nowhere occupies an eleva- 
 tion of more than 105 feet above the lake, and probably its average 
 height does not exceed 30 feet. But at the distance of 20 or 30 
 miles to the east and south, the ground is much higher; and there, 
 as might be expected, we find a much lower mean annual tempera- 
 ture. At Salamanca, in Cattaraugus County, distant 50 miles from 
 Buffalo, the mean annual temperature is only 45°, Fahr. 
 
 For the last twenty-four years the average rain-fall at Buffalo 
 has been 36.47 inches. But towards the south and southeast the 
 usually lower temperature is accompanied by an increase in the 
 annual rain-fall. At Salamanca, above mentioned, it is 44 inches. 
 Whilst it may well be supposed that at all times, but especially in 
 summer, the lake imparts to the atmosphere some degree of moist- 
 ure, nevertheless, the climate at Buffalo, as compared with those of 
 places not very remote, must be regarded as dry. It may be of in- 
 terest to note that in Pennsylvania, and the middle and southerly 
 
4 
 
 portions of New York and through nearly all New England, the an- 
 nual rain-fall is from ten to fifteen inches greater. 
 
 The natural botanical district, in which the City of Buffalo is 
 situated, is a part of the basin of Lake Erie. For the sake of con- 
 venience and distinction, it will here be called the Erie District. 
 
 Towards the south and southeast, it finds its boundaries in a range 
 of highlands, distant from thirty to fifty miles from Buffalo, beyond 
 which the streams flow into the Allegany, and thence into the Ohio 
 and the Mississippi. These highlands constitute, in fact, a part of 
 the northeasterly limits of the Mississippi Valley. That region, so 
 far as it comes within the scope of the Catalogue, will be called the 
 Allegany District. 
 
 In Chatauqua County, the limits of the Erie District are very 
 narrow. Between Lake Erie and the head of Chatauqua Lake, the 
 interval of land is but seven and a half miles wide. Here the divid- 
 ing ridge approaches so near Lake Erie as to leave only a strip of 
 land less than four miles in width. Yet the summit of the ridge is 
 891 feet above Lake Erie. Eastwardly its height increases. Between 
 Chatauqua Lake and Connewango Creek the elevation is reached of 
 1401 feet, and between Connewango Creek and Ellicottville, that of 
 1570 feet. Upon the summit, in several places, a conglomerate of 
 the coal period is found, in place. In Chatauqua County, almost 
 upon the crest of the dividing land, a series of lakes appears. The 
 largest of these is Chatauqua Lake, 726 feet above Lake Erie. 
 Northerly and northeasterly from Chatauqua Lake are Bear, Cassa- 
 daga and Mud Lakes, respectively 755, 732 and 833 feet above Lake 
 Erie, and as truly sources of the Mississippi as the far distant Itasca. 
 
 The easterly boundary of the Erie District is another range of 
 highlands, which divides it from the basin of the Genesee River: — 
 here termed the Genesee District. Towards the southeast these 
 elevations meet and unite with those which separate the Erie from 
 the Allegany District, and are as high. To the north they decline, 
 but even at Batavia they have an elevation of about 300 feet above 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 The northerly boundary of the Erie District is marked, both in 
 New York and Canada, by that extraordinary exposure and eleva- 
 tion' of rock, known in its vicinity as the “ Mountain Ridge,” and to 
 which Canadian geologists have given the name of the “ Niagara 
 
Escarpment.” Eastwardly, it is first observed in Monroe County, a 
 few miles west of Rochester. From thence it extends westerly 
 through the whole of Orleans and Niagara Counties, constituting 
 their highest elevations. In Orleans County, Oak Orchard Creek 
 and its tributaries, in their descent to Lake Ontario, flow over it in 
 various places. Niagara River has excavated through it its stupen- 
 dous chasm. In its westerly course, as well in New York as in 
 Canada, it constantly rises. At Lewiston it is 374 feet above Lake 
 Ontario, and at Ancaster. near Hamilton, it reaches the height of 
 510 feet. Almost from its very verge the surface of the ground, 
 probably because of the dip of the subjacent rock, slopes southerly. 
 North of the Mountain Ridge the surface descends rapidly, and an 
 interval of comparatively level land, varying in width from one to 
 fifteen miles, and lying at the average height of about 200 feet above 
 Lake Ontario, is soon reached. Its level below Lake Erie is about 
 14 1 feet. This territory, whether easterly or westerly of Niagara 
 River, may be properly called the Ontario District. 
 
 The Catalogue presents the name of all the plants which have 
 been detected within a radius of fifty miles of Buffalo, and satisfac- 
 torily identified. The selection of such extended limits for a local 
 catalogue was controlled by the important considerations that a 
 smaller territory would not have brought within its cognizance the 
 extreme southeasterly portions of the Erie District, and would have 
 excluded several localities of great botanical interest, to the explora- 
 tion of which especial attention has been given : — among them the 
 rich and attractive region at Portage and the Falls of the Genesee. 
 
 The altitudes of many of the places named in the Catalogue have 
 been indicated upon the map which accompanies it. It is supposed 
 that these will prove of no little interest. The statement that in 
 respect to the growth of plants a higher elevation is equivalent to a 
 higher latitude here meets with some note-worthy confirmations. 
 The proposition has been more definitely embodied in the formula, 
 (susceptible of easy mathematical demonstration), that, between lati- 
 tudes 35 and 60, an elevation of three hundred feet is equal to one 
 degree of north latitude. The higher portions of the Erie, Genesee 
 and Allegany Districts, lying been the parallels of 42 0 10' and 42 0 
 30' N. latitude, reach a height varying from 1500. to 2300 feet above 
 the sea. The temperature, then, of these places, should be equiva- 
 
6 
 
 lent to that of places upon the sea-coast, situated from three 
 hundred and fifty to five hundred miles further northward : — as far, 
 in fact, as Vancouver’s Island or the mouth of the St. Lawrence. 
 And here, upon these elevations, are found many plants well recog- 
 nized as of a northern character: — Among them Viola Selkirkii, 
 Cerastium boreale , Ledum latifolium , Saxifraga azoides, Petasites pal- 
 mata , Primula Mistassinica and Pinguicula vulgaris. 
 
 In obedience to the same law, the lower level of the Ontario Dis- 
 trict is accompanied by a higher mean temperature than that of the 
 Erie District. To this result, however, the great depth of Lake 
 Ontario, and its direction, east and west, largely contribute. Within 
 its limits the springs are somewhat earlier and the winters more 
 moderate. Fruits ripen which near Buffalo are precarious. Along 
 the southern shore of the lake, but in places somewhat beyond 
 the limits of the Catalogue, two plants appear, of such southern 
 character as Nelumbium luteum and Linobium Spongia. Asimima 
 triloba flourishes in several places in Orleans and Niagara Counties, 
 and it is not unlikely that Cercis Canadensis was formerly native 
 there. 
 
 It may be stated, as a general proposition, that whatever of vari- 
 ety there is in the Flora of Buffalo and its vicinity has resulted only 
 in a small degree, if at all, from geological situation. In fact, the 
 subjacent rocks have contributed to the soil but little, either by abra- 
 sion or decomposition. The diversified materials, of which it is com- 
 posed (excepting, of course, vegetable mould and the ancient and 
 modern deposits of the lake and river) are recognized as having 
 been brought from the north during the glacial period. To the south 
 and southeast, however, the shaly rocks of the Hamilton Group 
 have yielded, in some places, an argillaceous quota to the soil. 
 
 A few localities within our limits deserve especial notice. 
 
 A little north of Salamanca, in Cattaraugus County, occupying the 
 summit of one of the highest hills, at the altitude of 2250 feet above 
 the sea, are the remains of a conglomerate rock, of carboniferous 
 age. The stratum varies in thickness from ten to thirty feet. By the 
 slow processes of time, or, possibly, the operations of a more active 
 agent, the rock has been broken up into rectangular masses, varying 
 greatly in size : these, separating from each other, have left passages 
 between, in which the imagination may easily discover the streets 
 
and avenues of an ancient and ruined city. Hence the name by 
 which the place is known: — “ Rock City.” Here, in sheltered spots, 
 the snow and ice sometimes remain all the year long. And here 
 Epigoea repens. Ilex monticola, Lister a cor data, the two Clinionias , 
 and other plants delighting in a cool and moist atmosphere, luxuriate. 
 
 The lake shore, on either side, affords plants well recognized as 
 maritime : — as. for example, Cakile Americana , Lathyrus maritimus , 
 Euphorbia polygonifolia, and Triplasis purpurea. Hudsonia tomentosa , 
 attributed to the shores of the great lakes, has not yet been seen. 
 But with the others grow some plants, not known to inhabit the sea- 
 coast, and not met with inland; such as Artemisia Canadensis , Gly 
 cyrrhiza lepidota and Corispermum hyssopifolium. With us, Ptclea 
 trifoliata , and Juniperus communis are always lake-shore plants; and 
 Lithospermum hirtum is rarely met with elsewhere. 
 
 The atmosphere at the Falls of Niagara is charged, in an extraor- 
 dinary degree, with moisture. The spray of the cataract, descending 
 in some places in an incessant shower, produces a fitting habitat for 
 several species of plants, elsewhere, rarely, if ever, seen within our lim- 
 its. Hypericum Kalmianum , Parnassia Caroliniana , Lobelia Kalmii , 
 Campanula rotundifolia , Utricularia cornuta, Geniiana crinita , Car ex 
 CEderi , etc., here find congenial environment. At Portage, similar 
 conditions sustain several of the same species, and beside them 
 Saxifraga aizoides , Primula Mistassinica and Pinguicula vulgaris. 
 In the gorge of both rivers, Pterospora Andromedea is found. 
 
 At Point Abino, on the Canadian shore of Lake Erie, at the dis- 
 tance of eleven miles from Buffalo, the sand of the beach has been 
 drifted by the winds into dunes, sometimes a hundred feet in height, 
 covered with trees of ancient growth. We have not met, in any 
 other place, with Corydalis flavula, Sisymbrium Thaliana, the rose- 
 colored Arabis Drummondi, nor, of late years, the most fragrant of 
 our native plants, Moneses uni flora. Here, too, in the crevices of 
 the corniferous limestone, lying but a little above the surface of the 
 lake and kept constantly wet by its waters, Linum striatum is 
 found, growing in abundance : — its only locality known in our 
 vicinity. Near it occurs a form of Hypericum Kalmianum, with 
 smaller corymbs, but larger flowers, than it produces at the Falls. 
 
 In the immediate vicinity of Buffalo only small patches of 
 sphagnous bogs are found. But at the distance of ten or fifteen 
 
8 
 
 miles, east or west, they are more frequently met with. In Chau- 
 tauqua, Cattaraugus and Wyoming Counties they are abundant and 
 sometimes of large dimensions. But the most extensive of those 
 found east of Niagara River occur near the boundary line between 
 Genesee and Orleans Counties, and have proved of peculiar interest. 
 At Black Creek, in Canada, near where it enters Niagara River, a 
 sphagnous swamp occurs, said to extend westward to Marshville, a 
 distance of twenty-five miles. This, beyond question, is the larg- 
 est one in our neighborhood. Along the lake shore, east of Point 
 Abino, a small swamp of sphagnum is found which affords the near- 
 est station of Sarracenia purpurea. While all these bogs present 
 the same general characteristics, yet in the plants which they 
 nourish there is considerable diversity. Scheuzeria palustris has 
 been found in one at Hanover, Chautauqua County, and not else- 
 where. Microstylis mcmophyllos and Stellaria borealis se'em to oc- 
 cur only in a piece of wooded spagnum at Machias. Andromeda 
 polifolia has been collected in an open bog at the same place, and 
 in the one at Black Creek, but not elsewhere. Lonicera oblongi- 
 folia occurs in a marsh at Alabama, in Genesee County; and the 
 marsh at Bergen, in the same county, alone, has yielded us Cy- 
 prepedium candidum and Calypso borealis : — of the latter, a solitary 
 specimen. Cypripedium arietinum , diligently sought for in all these 
 localities, has not yet been noticed. 
 
 That portion of the city which lies east of Delaware Street and 
 north of Scajauquady’s Creek, offers to the botanist a field of no 
 little attraction. It early acquired the name of “Buffalo Plains.” 
 Here, throughout an extensive area, the corniferous limestone, 
 occupying a position almost horizontal, approaches very near the 
 surface. In places, the rock remains uncovered. But, notwith- 
 standing the fact that the soil is very shallow, the region was 
 once well- wooded; and it is still the home of some most inter- 
 esting plants, rarely seen in other portions of our district. Among 
 them may be named Ranunculus fascicularis , Arabis perfolita , Viola 
 palmata , Viola ietiella, Ceanothus Americana , Staphylea trifolia, Saxi- 
 fraga Virginiensis, Vaccineum stamineum , Pentstemon pubescens , Ipo- 
 moea pandurata, Fraser a Carolinensis, Gentiana puberula , Asrlepias tu- 
 berosa, and Scirpus Clintonii. Its Sylva, also, has its peculiarities. 
 Here, alone, we have met Quercus Muhlenbergii , Q. prinoidcs and 
 
9 
 
 Ulmus racemosa. Nowhere else, with us, have Quercus alba, Q. 
 obtusiloba and Q. macrocarpa appeared so abundantly. 
 
 The table, which is appended to the Catalogue, is designed to show, 
 at one view, the number of genera and species in the several classes and 
 orders of plants represented in our Flora. It will be seen that quite 
 frequently one species is the sole representative of a genus or order, 
 elsewhere in the world abundant and important. Especially is this 
 true of the Phcenogamce. The entire number of species in that por- 
 tion of the vegetable kingdom, included in the Catalogue, is 1,217, 
 comprised in 106 orders. Of such species more than half the entire 
 number belong to the following 10 orders: 
 
 Co?npositce , 
 
 143 species. 
 
 Cyperacece , - 
 
 105 species. 
 
 Gramince , 
 
 88 species. 
 
 Rosacece, 
 
 52 species. 
 
 Legu?ninosce , 
 
 ^5 species. 
 
 M enthacece, - 
 
 39 species. 
 
 Ranuncula( ece, 
 
 36 species. 
 
 Cruciferce , - 
 
 36 species. 
 
 Orchidacece , 
 
 34 species. 
 
 Liliacece , - 
 
 31 species. 
 
 In all, 
 
 609 species. 
 
 The largest genera, in the same division of plants, are Carex , 
 containing 72 species; Solidago, 20 species; Aster , 19 species; Poly- 
 gonum , 16 species; Salix , 14 species; Potamogeton , 12 species; 
 Viola , 11 species, and Habenaria , 10 species. Of trees, the genus 
 Quercus contains the greatest number of species: — nine. 
 
 But it ought not to be inferred that the large number of species, 
 contained in a particular genus, is any indication that the plants of 
 such genus are especially abundant. Tilia Americana and Tsuga 
 Canadensis undoubtedly constituted a much larger share of our orig- 
 inal forest than the nine species of oak taken altogether. 
 
 It would be very far from the truth to assert that the entire terri- 
 tory included within the limits of fifty miles from Buffalo has been 
 fully explored, and all its floral treasures brought to light. Much of 
 Wyoming and Genesee Counties remains to be examined. Except 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (2) 
 
 APRIL, 1882. 
 
10 
 
 near Niagara River very little has been done in the Ontario District. 
 In that part of the Erie District which lies west of Niagara River 
 many localities remain to be investigated. But it is very safe to say 
 that all our characteristic flowering plants and all our more abundant 
 cryptogams are named in the Catalogue. The species hereafter to 
 be detected within our limits will probably be found in scanty 
 numbers and inhabiting very narrow bounds. 
 
 The naturalized plants of Buffalo are a large and increasing num- 
 ber. In accordance with usage their names appear in the Catalogue 
 in small capitals. Several of them are of recent introduction: — 
 a few as garden escapes, but the larger number through the agency 
 of the southern and western railways. It is doubtful whether 
 all these strangers will long remain; but it may be said that, in case 
 they should disappear, they are likely to be introduced again in 
 the same way. But some of them manifest a wonderful capacity 
 of persistence and increase; — notably, Artemisia biennis (with us 
 uniformly an*annual), which, twenty years ago, was a rare plant, 
 but is now met with in superabundance. 
 
 Early in the history of the Society, the investigation of our 
 Lichens was generously undertaken by Miss Mary L. Wilson, then 
 of our city, now of Haverhill, Mass. The success which attended 
 her efforts in this difficult and neglected field, is demonstrated by the 
 very valuable collection of plants of that order, constituting a part 
 of the Herbarium. Miss Wilson has now enhanced the value of 
 her labors by preparing with her own hand the list of the Lichens 
 of Buffalo which makes a part of the Catalogue. 
 
 It is confessed, with much regret, that the investigation of the 
 Algae of Buffalo has been greatly neglected. The list of them 
 which appears in the Catalogue is from the very competent hands of 
 Prof. David S. Kellicott, of the State Normal School in this city. 
 But, unfortunately, Prof. Kellicott has not been able to give to 
 their study more than a small portion of his time, and that only 
 during the last few seasons. It may, however, be confidently expected 
 that, at no distant time, a revised list of the Algae of Buffalo will 
 be issued by the Society, with such extensions and corrections as, 
 upon further research and examination, may appear necessary. 
 
 Grateful acknowledgments are made to Mr. Charles H. Peck, 
 of Albany, N. Y., the State Botanist, for his kindness in supervising 
 
11 
 
 and correcting our lists of Musci, Hepaticae and Fungi: — originally 
 prepared by Judge Clinton, by whom all the species were detected, 
 except as otherwise stated. 
 
 For the accompanying map we are indebted to Mr. Julius 
 Pohlman, Custodian of the Society, and to Mr. Henry Chandler, 
 of this city, who has generously assisted in the engraving of it. It 
 is hoped that it will prove of use, not only at the present time, but 
 in the future, as a guide to the localities in which some of the rarer 
 and more interesting members of our Flora were detected. The 
 altitudes, given upon the map, of various places named in the Cata- 
 logue, have been obtained in all instances from sources which, it was 
 thought, could be relied upon. In the main, it is to be presumed 
 that they are nearly, if not quite, accurate. 
 
 It will be seen that the names of a few species, which appear in the 
 Catalogue, are not accompanied by numbers. In such instances the 
 plants are mentioned either because they are known to have formerly 
 existed in this vicinity, although they have now disappeared, or 
 because there is evidence, more or less satisfactory, for believing 
 that they actually belong to our Flora, and will yet be detected 
 here. In any event, however, as they are not numbered, their 
 inclusion in the Catalogue will not lead to any misapprehension. 
 
 Whenever any plant is named and its locality is not given it 
 may be understood that the plant is one of general diffusion 
 through our territory. When localities are given, they are men- 
 tioned in the order of their distance from Buffalo: — the nearest first. 
 In all such cases it may be understood that the compiler has re- 
 garded them as among our rarities. All phaenogamous plants and 
 their stations are named upon the authority of his personal observa- 
 tion, except as otherwise stated. From this, however, it is not to be 
 inferred that he claims to have been the discoverer of the species in 
 the localities named- The fact is often to the contrary. 
 
 A word may be of use in explanation of the nomenclature 
 adopted in the Catalogue. Asa rule, the names of species are those 
 employed by Watson, in his “ Bibliographical Index to North 
 American Botany,” so far as that valuable work has issued from the 
 press. But where such names differ from those given by Gray, 
 in the fifth edition of his Manual, the latter will be found in paren- 
 theses. In a very few instances the compiler has ventured to differ 
 
12 
 
 from both of these pre-eminent authorities, and has used the names 
 applied by other botanists. 
 
 The fact is entitled to notice that now, probably for the first 
 time in America, a local catalogue is published in which the plants 
 of all the classes in the vegetable kingdom are included. Usually, 
 heretofore, such catalogues have not extended beyond the Vascular 
 Crytogams: — very rarely, indeed, have they comprehended the Musci 
 and Hepaticse. 
 
 No one more than the writer can regret that any reason should 
 have compelled Judge Clinton to decline the task of preparing this 
 Catalogue for publication: — no one can better appreciate how much 
 has been lost because that labor has devolved upon another. In 
 this city, where that devoted naturalist and accomplished scholar 
 passed so many years of his useful and honorable life, nothing needs 
 to be said, to any one, of his peculiar fitness for such a duty. The 
 clearness, learning and rare felicity of style, with which he was ac- 
 customed to illumine and adorn his favorite theme, will here be 
 long remembered. 
 
 Buffalo, March ist, 1882. 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 Series I. PH/ENOGAM£ 
 
 Class I. EXOGEN^. 
 
 Subclass I. ANGIOSPERM^E. 
 
 Division I. POLYPET A L M . 
 
 Order i. Ranunculace^. 
 
 1. CLEMATIS, L. 
 
 1. C. Virginiana, L. 
 
 2. ANEMONE, L. 
 
 2 . A. cylindrica, Gray. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 3. A. Virginiana, L. 
 
 4. A. dichotoma, L. ( A . Pennsylvanica, L.) 
 
 5. A. nemorosa, L. 
 
 6. var. quinquefolia, DC. 
 
 7. A. Hepatica, L. (. Hepatica Iriloba , Chaix.) 
 
 Niagara Falls; Lewiston, Niagara Co.; Salamanca. Catt. Co. ; 
 Portage, Gen. Co. Common in the places named. Elsewhere 
 not observed. 
 
 8. A. acutiloba, Lawson. {Hepatica acutiloba , DC.) 
 
 The common ‘’Hepatica” of Buffalo and its vicinity. Usually 
 not found in company with A. Hepatica. 
 
 3. THALICTRUM, L. 
 
 9. T. anemonoides, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Near Queenston, Ont. ; Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton; 
 Jamestown, Chat. Co. 
 
 10. T. dioicum, L. 
 
 11. T. Cornuti, L. 
 
 4. ADONIS, L. 
 
 12. A. AUTUMNALIS, L. Spontaneous in gardens. 
 
 5. RANUNCULUS, L. 
 
 13. R. aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus, Chaix. 
 
 Niagara River. 
 
14 
 
 14. R. multifidus, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Lewiston. Niag. Co. 
 
 15. R. alismaefolius, Geyer. 
 
 Rare. Salamanca, Catt. Co., Clinton. 
 
 16. R. Flammula, L., var. reptans. Meyer. 
 
 Very rare. West shore of Strawberry Is., Niagara River. 
 
 17. R. abortivus, L. 
 
 18. R. sceleratus, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Black Rock; Scajauquady’s Creek. 
 
 19 R. recurvatus, Poir. 
 
 20. R. Pennsylvanicus, L. 
 
 Not very common. Shore of Niagara River at Black Rock; 
 Scajauquady’s Creek. 
 
 21. R. fascicularis, Muhl. 
 
 Rather rare. Near the Park and Forest Lawn Cemetery; the 
 Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 22. R. repens, L. 
 
 With us usually smooth; a pubescent form at Forestville, Chat. 
 Co.; perhaps var. Marylandicus, Torr. and G. 
 
 23. R. acris, L. 
 
 24. R. bulbosus, L. Rare. Introduced. 
 
 6. NIGELLA, L. 
 
 25. N. Damascena, L. Spontaneous in gardens. And escaped, Clinton. 
 
 7. CALTHA, L. 
 
 26. C. palustris, L. 
 
 8. TROLLIUS, L. 
 
 27. T. laxus, Salisb. 
 
 Very rare. Near Batavia, Gen. Co., J. S. Lewis ; Silver Lake, 
 Wyom. Co., Clinton ; near Portage, in Gen. Co. 
 
 9. COPTIS, Salisb. 
 
 28. C. trifolia, Salisb. 
 
 10. HELLEBORUS, L. 
 
 29. H. viridis, L. 
 
 Very rare. Along a railroad track near Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 Probably the outcast of a garden. 
 
 11. AQUILEGIA, Tourn. 
 
 30. A. Canadensis, L. 
 
 31. A. vulgaris, L. 
 
 Rare. Water Valley, Erie Co. — A white variety, which seems 
 here, as elsewhere in the State, more disposed to persist than 
 the blue or purple sort. 
 
12. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. 
 
 32. D. Consolid A, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and occasionally escaping. 
 
 13. HYDRASTIS, L. 
 
 33. H. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Very rare. Near Smoke’s Creek. West Seneca, Erie Co.; Ca- 
 yuga Is., Niagara River, Clinton; Medina, Orleans Co.. Dr. 
 Hugo Schmidt ; Niagara Co., Knieskern. 
 
 14. ACT/EA, L. 
 
 34. A. spicata, L., var. rubra, Ait. 
 
 35. A. alba, Bigelow. 
 
 15. CIMICIFUGA, L. 
 
 36. C. racemosa, Nutt. 
 
 Rather rare. Squaw Is., Niagara River; W. Seneca, Erie Co.; 
 Silver Lake, Wyom. Co. 
 
 Okder 2. Magnoliaceal 
 
 16. MAGNOLIA, L. 
 
 37. M. acuminata, L. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Abbott’s Corners, Erie 
 Co.; Niagara Co.. Knieskern ; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 17. LIRIODENDRON, L. 
 
 38. L. tulipifera, L. 
 
 Now rather rare. Formerly abundant. 
 
 Okder 3. Anonacea:. 
 
 18. AS1MINA, Adans. 
 
 39. A. triloba, Dunal. 
 
 Very rare. Sturgeon Pt., Erie Co., C. H. Williams; Lock- 
 port and Middleport, Niag. Co., James Hall ; mouth of 
 Chatauqua Creek, Knieskern ; Medina, Orleans Co., Dr. 
 Hugo Schmidt. 
 
 Order 4. Menispkrmaceal 
 
 19. MENISPERMUM, L. 
 
 40. M. Canadenese, L. 
 
 Order 5. Berberidace/E. 
 
 20. BERBERIS, L. 
 
 41. B. VULGARIS, L. 
 
 Rare. Goat Island, Niagara Falls. 
 
16 
 
 e+ 
 
 21. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. 
 
 42. C. thalictroides, Michx. 
 
 22. JEFFERSONIA, Barton. 
 
 43. J. diphylla, Pers. 
 
 Very rare. Near Niagara Falls, Clinton. 
 
 44. P. peltatum, L. 
 
 23 PODOPFIYLLUM, L. 
 Order 6. NYMPH^ACEiE 
 
 24. BRASENIA, Schreber. 
 
 45. B. peltata, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Black Creek, Ont., Clinton ; Machias, Catt. Co ; Cass- 
 adaga L., Chat. Co. 
 
 NELUMBIUM, Juss. 
 
 N. luteum, Willd. 
 
 It seems entirely certain, from the report of J. F. Cowell , 
 that this rare and remarkable water-lily grows near Burnham’s 
 Is., in Grand River, a few miles from Dunnville, Ont. 
 
 25. NYMPH^A, L. 
 
 N. odorata, Ait. 
 
 A pink flowering water-lily, probably this species, is reported 
 by Miss Ella A/. Evry to have been gathered at Cassadaga L., 
 Chat. Co. “Inland Lakes, Chat. Co.,” E . S. Buigess. 
 
 46. N. tuberosa, Paine. 
 
 47. N. advena, Ait. 
 
 26 NUPHAR, Smith. 
 
 Order 7. Sarraceniac eje. 
 
 27. SARRACENIA, Tourn. 
 
 48. S. purpurea, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Pt. Abino, Ont.; Villanova, Chat. Co.; Bergen, 
 Gen. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co.; Java, Wyom. Co.; near Port 
 Colborne, Ont., and elsewhere. 
 
 Order 8. Papaveeace^e. 
 
 28. PAPAVER. L. 
 
 49. P. SOMM1LRUM, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and sometimes escaping. 
 
 50. P. Rhceas, 1.. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens. 
 
17 
 
 29 . ARGEMONE, L. 
 
 51. A. Mexicana, L. 
 
 Rare. Roadsides; near the Cattle-yards at East Buffalo; spon- 
 taneous in gardens. 
 
 30 . CHELIDONIUM, L. 
 
 52. C. majus. L. 
 
 Commoh at Pt. Abino. Ont., elsewhere scarce. 
 
 31 . SANGUINARIA, Dill. 
 
 53. S. canadensis, L. 
 
 Rarely with four petals ! 
 
 Order g . Fumariace^. 
 
 32 . ADLUMIA, Raf. 
 
 54. A. clrrhosa, Raf. 
 
 Very rare. “Counterfeiter’s Ledge,” near Akron, Erie Co; 
 One specimen was found growing on the Plains, Buffalo, and 
 another at Ft. Erie. Ont. 
 
 33 . DICLYTRA, Borkh. 
 
 55. D. cucullaria, DC. {Dicentra cucullaria, DC.) 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Goat Is., Niagara Falls; 
 Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 50. D. Canadensis, DC. {Dicentra canadensis , DC.) 
 
 Rather rare. Growing with D. cucullaria . but more uncommon. 
 
 34 . CORYDALIS, Vent. 
 
 57. C. glauca, Pursh. 
 
 Very rare. Tonawanda, Niag. Co., Clinton; near Akron, Erie 
 Co. 
 
 58. C. flavula, Raf. 
 
 Very rare Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 35 . FUMARIA, L. 
 
 59. F. OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 A very rare garden weed. 
 
 Order io. Crucifers. 
 
 36 . NASTURTIUM, L. 
 
 00.. N. OFFICINALE, R. Br. 
 
 Rather rare. Scajauquady’s Cr., Buffalo, IV. J. Palmer ; Nia- 
 gara Falls, near Table Rock, Clinton ; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 61. N. palustre, DC. 
 
 BUL. BIJF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 APRIL, 1882. 
 
18 
 
 62. N. lacustre, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Niagara River, Clinton ; Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo; — 
 the station now included in the Park, and obliterated. 
 
 63. N. Amoracia, Fries. 
 
 37 . DENTARIA, L. 
 
 64. D. diphylla, Nichx. 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Goat 
 Is., Niagara Falls, and elsewhere. 
 
 65. D. maxima, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Angola, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 66 . D. laciniata, Muhl. 
 
 38 . CARDAMINE, L. 
 
 67. C. rhomboidea, DC. 
 
 Rather rare. Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo; Pine Hill, Cheek- 
 towaga, Erie Co.; W. Seneca, Erie Co. (the station destroyed.) 
 
 68 . C. rotundifolia, Michx. ? (C. rhomboidea , DC. var. purpurea, Torr.) 
 
 Our plant does not agree with the description of C. rotundifolia 
 in Gray’s Manual, nor with specimens from Penn. Nor is the 
 plant likely to be C. purpurea, Cham & Schlecht., which seems 
 to be a species growing far northward. In giving it Michaux’s 
 name, we follow Watson, but with much doubt. 
 
 69. C. pratensis, L. 
 
 Rare. S. E. portion of Buffalo, near W. Seneca. 
 
 70. C. hirsuta, L. 
 
 71. var. sylvatica. 
 
 39 . HESPERIS, L. 
 
 72. H. MATRONALIS, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and naturalized in some places. 
 
 40 . ARABIS, L. 
 
 73. A. lyrata, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Niagara Falls; Ft. Erie, Ont.; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 74. A. dentata, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Very rare. Eighteen-mile Cr., Evans, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 75. A. hirsuta, Scop. 
 
 Rare. Near whirlpool, on either side of Niagara R. ; near Go- 
 wanda, Erie Co. 
 
 76. A. laevigata, Poir. 
 
 Rather rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 77. A. Canadensis, L. 
 
 78. A. perfoliata, Lam. 
 
 Rare. Near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
19 
 
 79. A. Drummondii, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Lewiston, Niag. Co.; Pt. Abino, Ont. The I.ewiston 
 plants, white-flowering: the Pt. Abino ones, pink. 
 
 41 . BARBAREA, L. 
 
 80. B. vulgaris, R. Br. 
 
 42 . ERYSIMUM, L. 
 
 51. E. chieranthoides, L. 
 
 Rather rare. West Seneca, Erie Co.; Mud Lake, Villanova, 
 Chat. Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 43 . SISYMBRIUM, L. 
 
 52. S. OFFICINALE, Scop. 
 
 83. S. Thaliana, Gay. 
 
 Pt. Abino, Ont. There abundant. Elsewhere not seen. 
 
 S. canescens, Nuit. 
 
 Very rare. It seems quite certain that a cruciferous plant, re- 
 cently detected by members of the “ Buffalo Field Club,” at 
 the Falls of Tonawanda River, in Corfu, Gen. Co., will prove 
 to be of this species. 
 
 44 . BRASSICA, L. 
 
 84. B. sinapistrum, Bossier. 
 
 85. B. nigra, Gray. 
 
 SO. B. campestris, L. 
 
 Rather rare. To be regarded as accidental. 
 
 87. B. rapa, L. 
 
 Often spontaneous where “ bird seed” has been scattered. 
 
 45 . DRABA, L. 
 
 88 . D. arabisans, Michx. 
 
 Very rare. “Counterfeiter’s Ledge,” near Akron. Erie Co. 
 
 D. VERNA, L. 
 
 Introduced at Buffalo and Goat Is., Niagara Falls. Hardly yet 
 established. 
 
 46 . ALYSSUM, Tourn. 
 
 89. A. CALYCINUM, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Brock’s Monument, Queenston. Ont.; introduced 
 near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 47 . CAMELINA, Crantz. 
 
 90. C. SATIVA. Crantz. 
 
 Rare. Track of the L. S. & M. S. R. R., Buffalo. Not seen of 
 late. 
 
 48 . CAPSELLA, Vent. 
 
 91. C. Bursa-pastoris, Moensch. 
 
20 
 
 49- THLASPI, Tourn. 
 
 92. T. ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 Rare. Track of the Erie Railway, at Dayton, Catt. Co. 
 
 50. LEPIDIUM, L. 
 
 93. L. Virginicum, L. 
 
 94. L. intermedium, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Track of the Niagara Falls Railroad, near the shore of 
 Niagara R., Buffalo, Clinton. Not seen elsewhere. 
 
 51. CAKILE, Tourn. 
 
 95. C. Americana, Nutt. 
 
 Shore of Lake Erie. Not abundant. 
 
 Order ir. Capsaridace^e. 
 
 52. POLANISIA, Raf. 
 
 9G. P. graveolens, Raf. 
 
 A lake shore plant. 
 
 53. CLEOME, L. 
 
 97. C. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and escaping. 
 
 Order 12. Resedace^e. 
 
 54. RESEDA, L. 
 
 98. R. ALBA, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and escaping. 
 
 Order 13. Violace^. 
 
 55. IONIDIUM, Vent. 
 
 99. I. concolor, Benth & Hook. ( Solta concolor , Ging.) 
 
 Rare. Along the descent to Foster’s Flat, near Queenston, Ont. 
 
 56. VIOLA, L. 
 
 100. V. rotundifolia, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. In deep woods in south part of Erie Co. ; Han- 
 over, Chat. Co. 
 
 101. V. blanda, Willd. 
 
 102. V. ODORATA, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and occasionally escaping. 
 
 403. V. Selkirkii, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Collins, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
104. V. Cucullata, Ait. 
 
 The variety, longipes, Peck, has been noticed in woods near 
 the Sulphur Springs, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 105. V. palmata, L. (V. Cucullata, Ait, var . palmata, Gray.) 
 
 Rare. In woods, Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 100. V. canina, L., var. sylvestris, Regel. 
 
 107. V. rostrata, Muhl. 
 
 108. V. striata, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Smoke’s Cr. , W. Seneca, Erie Co.; neaf Irving, Chat. 
 Co. 
 
 109. V. Canadensis, L. 
 
 A fragrant violet. 
 
 110. V. pubescens, Ait. 
 
 111. var. eriocarpa, Nutt. 
 
 112. V. tenella, Muhl. ( V. tricolor , L. var. arveusis , Gi>ig.) 
 
 Rare. Near the Park, east and west of Main street, Buffalo. 
 We follow Hooker in regarding this plant as distinct from V. 
 tricolor. 
 
 Order 14. Cistaceje. 
 
 57. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. 
 
 113. H. Canadense, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 58. LECHEA, L. 
 
 114. L. major, Michx. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; Grand Is., Niagara River. 
 
 115. L. minor, Michx. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 Order 15. Droserace/e. 
 
 59. DROSERA, L. 
 
 11G. D. rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co. ; Pt. Abino, 
 Ont.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 Order 16. HypericacejE. 
 
 60. HYPERICUM, L. 
 
 117. H. pyramidatum, Ait. 
 
 Very rare. Grand Is., Erie Co. 
 
22 
 
 118. H. Kalmianum, L. 
 
 Very rare. Goat Is., Niagara Falls; Pt. Abino, Ont. The 
 plant at Pt. Abino produces fewer but larger flowers than the 
 one at the Falls. 
 
 119. H. PERFORATUM, L. 
 
 120. H. corymbosum, Muhl. 
 
 121. H. mutilum, L. 
 
 6i. ELODES, Adans. 
 
 122. E. Virginica, Nutt. 
 
 Order 17. Caryophyllacea:. 
 
 62. DIANTHUS, L. 
 
 123. D. Armeria. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls, Ont., Clinton. 
 
 63. SAPONARIA, L. 
 
 124. S. OFFICINALIS,. L. 
 
 64. VACCARIA, Medik. 
 
 125. V. vulgaris, Host. 
 
 Rare. A few plants only have been seen, Buffalo. 
 
 65. SILENE, L. 
 
 12G. S. stellata, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton ; Benaus Pt., Chat. Co. 
 
 127. S. inflata, Smith. 
 
 Rare. Near Sulphur Spring, W. Seneca, Erie Co., Clinton ; Pt. 
 Abino, Ont. Sometimes dioecious. 
 
 128. S. Armeria, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and sometimes escaping. 
 
 129. S. antirrhina, L. 
 
 130. S. Gallica, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo, equivalent, according to Watson, 
 to S. qninqneviilnera, L. 
 
 131. S. NOTURNA, L. 
 
 Very rare. A single plant noticed in a roadside at Ft. Erie, 
 Ont., in 1880. 
 
 132. S. noctiflora, *L. 
 
 66. LYCHNIS, L. 
 
 133. L. Githago, Lam. 
 
 134. L, corona ri a, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens. Buffalo. 
 
67. ARENARIA, L. 
 
 13“). A. SERPYLLI FOLIA, L. 
 
 136. A. lateriflora, L. 
 
 63 . STELLARI A, L. 
 
 137 . S. media. Smith. 
 
 138. S. longifolia, Muhl. 
 
 139. S. borealis, Bigelow. 
 
 Rare. Only seen at Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 69. CERAST 1 UM, L. 
 
 1 - 10 . C. VULGATUM, L. 
 
 141. C. VISCOSUM, L. 
 
 142. C. nutans, Raf. 
 
 Rather rare. West Seneca and elsewhere. A form with apeta 
 lous flowers found in the northeastern portion of Buffalo. 
 
 143. C. arvense, L. 
 
 Rare. Near the whirlpool, on both sides of Niagara River 
 near Foster’s Flat, Ont. 
 
 70. SPERGULA, L. 
 
 144. S. arvensis, L. 
 
 Rare. A weed in gardens, Buffalo; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 71. MOLLUGO, L. 
 
 145. M. verticillata, L. 
 
 Rare. Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 Order 18 . Portulacace/e. 
 
 72. PORTULACA, Tourn. 
 
 146. P. OLERACEA, L. 
 
 147 . P. GRANDIFLORA, Hook. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and sometimes escaping, Buffalo. 
 
 73. CLAYTONIA, L. 
 
 14S. C. Virginica, L. 
 
 149. C. Caroliniana, L. 
 
 Order 19 Malvacea:. 
 
 74. ALTHEA, L. 
 
 150. A. ROSEA, L. 
 
 Occasionally escaped from gardens, Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 75. MALVA. L. 
 
 151 . M. ROTUNDl FOLIA. L. 
 
24 
 
 152. M. SYLVESTRIS, L. 
 
 M. CRISPA, L. 
 
 Formerly not an uncommon weed in gardens, in Buffalo, but of 
 late not often seen. 
 
 153. M. Alcea, L. 
 
 Rare. Established along Main street, between Buffalo and 
 Williamsville. 
 
 154. M. MOSCHATA, L. 
 
 76 . SIDA, L. 
 
 155. S. spinosa, L. 
 
 Rare. Near the track of L. S. & M. S. R. R,, at the Elk street 
 crossing, Buffalo, Clinton. 
 
 77 . ABUTILON, Tourn. 
 
 156. A. Avicenna, Gsrtn. 
 
 78 . HIBISCUS, L. 
 
 157. H. Moscheutos, L. 
 
 Rare. Squaw Is., Niagara River, near Buffalo. Low grounds in 
 W. Seneca, near the lake shore, Clinton. 
 
 158. H. Trionum, L. 
 
 Order 20. Tiliacea:. 
 
 79 . TILIA. L.. 
 
 159. T. Americana, L. 
 
 The basswood seems to have formed a very considerable por- 
 tion of the original forest, growing on the site of the City of 
 Buffalo, before its settlement. (Michaux’s North American 
 Sylva, Vol. iii. , p. 132 .) 
 
 Order 21. Linacea:. 
 
 80 . LINUM, L. 
 
 160. L. Virginianum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo; near Sulphur Spring, W, 
 Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 161. L. striatum, Walt. 
 
 Very rare. Plants, probably of this species, were found growing 
 in the crevices of the rock, on the shore of the lake, at Pt. 
 Abino, Ont., 1881 . 
 
 162. L. usitatissimum, L. 
 
 Occasionally escaping from cultivation. 
 
 
25 
 
 Order 22. Geraniace.e. 
 
 81 . GERANIUM, L. 
 
 1G3. G. maculatum, L. 
 
 164. G. Carolinianum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 105. G. dissectum, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. Apparently native ; not lately met 
 
 with. 
 
 1GG. G. columbinum, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 1G7. G. pusillum, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 1G8. G. Robertianum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Pt. Abino. Ont.; Goat Is., and elsewhere. 
 
 82 . FLCERKIA, Willd. 
 
 169. F. proserpinacoides, \y illd. 
 
 83 . IMPATIENS, L. 
 
 170. I. pallida, Nutt. 
 
 171. I. fulva, Nutt. 
 
 84 . OXALIC, L. 
 
 172. O. Acetosella, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Southern part of Erie Co.; Hanover. Chat. Co.; 
 Java, Wyom. Co. 
 
 173. O. stricta, L. 
 
 174. O. CORNICULATA, L. 
 
 A rather common green-house weed. 
 
 Order 23. Rutace/e. 
 
 85 . XANTHOXYLUM, Colden. 
 
 175. X. Americanum, Mill. 
 
 Rather rare. Ft. Erie, Ont.; Grand Is., Niagara R., Clinton. 
 
 86 . PTELEA, L. 
 
 17G. P. trifoliata, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Ft. Erie, Ont.; on the shore of L. Erie, in W. 
 Seneca, Erie Co. ; and in Evans, Erie Co. 
 
 Order 24. Simarubace/e. 
 
 87 . AILANTHUS, Desf. 
 
 177. A. glandulosus, Desf. 
 
 Self-planted in Forest Lawn Cemetery and elsewhere in Buffalo. 
 
 BUL. BL'F SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 .APRIL, 1882. 
 
26 
 
 Order 25. Anacardiace^. 
 
 88. RHUS, L. 
 
 178. R. typhina, L. 
 
 179. R. glabra, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 180. R. venenata, DC. 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; near Akron, Erie Co.; near 
 Port Colborne, Ont.; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 181. R. Toxicodendron, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 var. radicans, Torr. 
 
 182. R. arcmatica, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Near the whirlpool, on both sides of Niagara R.; near 
 Youngstown, Niagara Co. 
 
 Order 26. Vitacea:. 
 
 89. VITIS, L. 
 
 183. V. Labrusca, L. 
 
 Rather Rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 184. V. aestivalis, Michx. 
 
 185. V. cordifolia, Lam. 
 
 90. AMPELOPSIS, L. 
 
 186. A. quinquefolia, Michx. 
 
 Order 27. Rhamnace/e. 
 
 RHAMNUS, L. 
 
 1S7. R. alnifolia, L’PIer. 
 
 Rare. Scajauquady’s Cr. , within the Park, Buffalo; the station 
 now obliterated; Hamburgh, Erie Co. ; Alden, PlrieCo. ; Ber- 
 gen, Gen. Co. 
 
 92. CEANOTHUS, L. 
 
 188. C. Americanus, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 Ordkr 28. Celastrace/e. 
 
 93. CELASTRUS, L. 
 
 189. C. scandens, L. 
 
27 
 
 94. EUONVMUS, Tourn. 
 
 190. E. atropurpureus, Jaeq. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, and the Plains, Buffalo; Goat Is., Nia- 
 gara Falls. 
 
 191. E. Americanus, L. 
 
 192. var. oboratus, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 Order 29. Sapindacea:. 
 
 95 . STAPHYLEA, L. 
 
 193. S. trifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; West Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 96 . ACER, L. 
 
 194. A. Pennsylvanicum, L. 
 
 Southern part of Erie Co., and throughout the Alleghany Dist. 
 
 195. A. spicatum, Lam. 
 
 19G. A. saccharinum, Wang. 
 
 197. var. nigrum, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 19S. A. dasycarpum, Ehrhart. 
 
 199. A. rubrum, L. 
 
 Order 30. Polygalacea;. 
 
 4 
 
 97 . POLYGALA, Tourn. 
 
 *200. P. verticillata, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 ‘201. P. Senega, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. The broader leaved form 
 (var. latifolia, Torr. and Gray), near the whirlpool, Ont. 
 
 202. P. paucifolia, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Eighteen-mile Creek, Erie Co. ; Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 Order 31. Leguminosa:. 
 
 98 . LUPINUS, L. 
 
 203. L. perennis, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Northeastern portion of Buffalo, but the station 
 now exhausted. Near Akron, Erie Co. ; along the track of 
 the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., east of Batavia, Gen. Co.; near 
 Queenston, Ont.; Silver Lake, Wyom. Co., Clinton; Sala- 
 manca. Cat't. Co., Clinton. 
 

 28 
 
 99 . TRIFOLIUM, L. 
 
 204. T. ARVENSE, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Lewiston, Niag. Co. 
 
 205. T. pratense, L. 
 
 206. T. repens, L. 
 
 207. T. HYBRIDUM, L. 
 
 Rare. Delaware street, near the Park, Buffalo; near Warsaw, 
 Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 208. T. procumbens, L. 
 
 Rare. Clifton, Ont. 
 
 ioo. MELILOTUS, Tourn. 
 
 209. M. officinalis, Willd. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Ft. Porter, Buffalo; Grand Is., Niagara R. 
 
 210. M. alba, Lam. 
 
 ioi. MEDICAGO, L. 
 
 211. M. satiya, L. 
 
 Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 212. M, lupulina, L. 
 
 102 . ROBINIA, L. 
 
 213. R. Pseudacacia, L. 
 
 Naturalized. Tonawanda Is., Niagara R., and elsewhere. 
 
 214. R. viscosa, Vent. 
 
 Naturalized. Old cemetery between North and Best streets, 
 Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 103 . ASTRAGALUS, L. 
 
 215. A. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Not common. Squaw Is., Niagara R. ; Strawberry Is., Ni- 
 gara R., and elsewhere. 
 
 216. A. Cooperi, Gray. 
 
 Rather rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R., Erie Co.; Niagara 
 Falls. 
 
 104 . GLYCYRRHIZA, Tourn. 
 
 217. G. lepidota, Nutt. 
 
 Very rare. Established on a sand-dune above Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 Probably introduced from the west by the Indians. 
 
 105 . DESMODIUM, DC. 
 
 21S. D. nudiflorum, DC. 
 
 219. D. acuminatum, DC. 
 
29 
 
 220. D. rotundifolium, DC. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 221. D. canescens, DC. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 222. D. cuspidatum, Hook. 
 
 223. D. Dillenii, Dari. 
 
 Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side, 
 
 224. D. paniculatum, DC. 
 
 225. D. Canadense, DC. 
 
 226. D. rigidum, DC. 
 
 227. D. Marilandicum, Boott. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 106. LESPEDEZA, Michx. 
 
 228. L. violacea, Pers. 
 
 229. var. sessiliflora. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 230. L. hirta, Ell. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 231. L. capitata, Michx. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 107. ONOBRYCHIS, Tourn. 
 
 232. O. sativa, Lam. 
 
 Rare. Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 108. VICIA, Tourn. 
 
 233. V. sativa, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Black Rock Dam, Buffalo. 
 
 234. V. Cracca, L. 
 
 Rather rare. A garden weed, Buffalo; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 235. V. Caroliniana, Walt. 
 
 236. V. Americana, Muhl. 
 
 109. LATHYRUS, L. 
 
 237. L. maritimus, Bigelow. 
 
 238. L. ochroleucus, Hook. 
 
 239. L. paluster, L. 
 
 210. var. myrtifolius, Gray. 
 
 241. L. pratensis. L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 no. APIOS, Boerhaave. 
 
 242. A. tuberosa, Mcench. 
 
30 
 
 in. AMPHICARPEA, Ell. 
 
 243. A. monoica, Nutt. 
 
 1 12 . BAPTISIA, Vent. 
 
 244. B. tinctoria, R. Br. 
 
 Rare. Salamanca, Clinton. 
 
 CERCIS, L. 
 
 C. Canadensis, L. Torrey, in his Flora of the State, mentions having 
 received specimens from Dr. Kennicott, of Buffalo, collected, as he 
 thought, near Lewiston; but he says they might not have been native. 
 Not seen by us. 
 
 113 . CASSIA, L. 
 
 245. C. Marilandica, L. 
 
 Very rai*e. Evans, Erie Co. 
 
 246. C. Chamsecrista, L. 
 
 Very rare. A single specimen collected from the track of the 
 L. S. & M. S. R. R., near Angola, Erie Co., by Chas. Lin- 
 den. But spontaneous in gardens, Buffalo. 
 
 114 . GLEDITSCH1A, L. 
 
 247. G. triacanthos, L. 
 
 Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 Order 22 . Rosacea. 
 
 115 . PRUNUS, Tourn. 
 
 248. P. Americana, Marshall. 
 
 249. P. Pennsylvanica, L. 
 
 250. P. Cerasus, L. 
 
 Often spontaneous along fences and roadsides. 
 
 251. P. Virginiana, L. 
 
 252. P. serotina, Ehrhart. 
 
 1 16 . AMYGDALUS, Tourn. 
 
 253. A. Persica, L. 
 
 Often spontaneous and occasionally fruiting without cultivation 
 or protection. 
 
 117 . SPIRAEA, L. 
 
 254. S. salicifolia, L. 
 
 118 . NEILLIA, Don. 
 
 255. N. opulifolia, Bent. & Hook. 
 
 Rather rare. Strawberry Is., Grand Is., Niagara R. ; Pt. Abino, 
 Ont. 
 
G1LLENIA, Moench. 
 
 G. trifoliata, Moench. 
 
 Rare. Jamestown, Chat. Co., Clinton. Likely to be found with- 
 in our limits. 
 
 i iq. POTERIUM, L. 
 
 25G. P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. 
 
 Rare. Clear Creek, Catt. Co. 
 
 120 . AGRIMONIA, Tourn. 
 
 *257. A. Eupatoria, L. 
 
 1 2 1 . GEUM, L. 
 
 25S. G. album, Gmelin. 
 
 259. G. Virginianum, L. 
 
 260. G. macrophyllum, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Hamburgh. Erie Co. 
 
 261. G: strictum, Ait. 
 
 202. G. rivale, L. 
 
 122 . WALDSTEINIA., Willd. 
 
 263. W. fragarioides, Traut. 
 
 123 . POTENTILLA, L. 
 
 264. P.‘ Norvegica, L. 
 
 265. P. supina, L. (P. paradoxa, Nutt.) 
 
 Rare. ‘’On the sand-bar separating Four-mile Run Pond from 
 the Lake,” Ont. ; Clinton. 
 
 266. P. Canadensis, L. 
 
 267. P. argentea, L. 
 
 Abundant on the Plains, Buffalo, elsewhere not frequent. 
 
 26S. P. recta, L. An occasional weed, Buffalo. 
 
 269. P. arguta, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Two plants found on a high, gravelly knoll, near Cherry 
 Cr., Catt. Co. 
 
 270. P. Anserina,L. 
 
 271. P. fruticosa, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Pt. Abino, Ont. ; near Pt. Colborne, Ont. ; Ber- 
 gen, Gen. Co.; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 272. P. palustris, Scop. 
 
 Rather rare. On the shore of Niagara R., Buffalo, between Black 
 Rock and Tonawanda, J. F. Cozvell ; Cayuga Is., Niagara 
 R., Clinton; Pt. Abino, Ont.; near Akron, Erie Co. ; Bergen, 
 Gen. Co. ; Port Colborne, Ont. 
 
124- FRAGARIA, Tourn. 
 
 273. F. Virginiana, Duchesne. 
 
 274. F. vesca, L. 
 
 125. RUBUS, Tourn. * 
 
 275. R. Dalibarda, L. 
 
 27G. R. odoratus, L. 
 
 277. R. triflorus, Richardson. 
 
 278. R. strigosus, Michx. 
 
 279. R. occidentalis, L. 
 
 280. R. villosus, Ait. 
 
 281. R. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 282. R. hispidus, L. 
 
 126. ROSA, Tour. 
 
 283. R. setigera, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Woods east of Delaware street, beyond the Park, Buffalo. 
 
 284. R. Carolina, D. 
 
 285. R. parviflora, Ehrhart. ( Rosa lucida , Ehrh.) 
 
 286. R. blanda, Ait. 
 
 287. R. rubiginosa, L. 
 
 2S8. R. micrantha, Smith. 
 
 Rare. Oak Orchard Creek, near Medina, Orl. Co., Clinton. 
 
 289. R. spinosissima, L. 
 
 Rare. Along a roadside on the Plains, Buffalo. Doubtless an 
 escape. 
 
 T27. CRATAEGUS, L. 
 
 290. C. OXYCANTHA, L. 
 
 Occasionally spontaneous. 
 
 291. C. coccinea, L. 
 
 292. C. tomentosa, L. 
 
 293. C. Crus-galli, L. 
 
 128. PYRUS, L. 
 
 294. P. Malus, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Large trees, perhaps planted, are growing in 
 woods on Grand Is., Niagara R., near Sheenwater; elsewhere 
 sometimes spontaneous. 
 
 295. P. communis, L. 
 
 Grand Is. Less common than P. Mains. 
 
33 
 
 206. P. coronaria, L. 
 
 Not uncommon. Cheektowaga, the name of one of the towns 
 of Erie Co., signifies in the Seneca language, according to O. 
 H. Marshall . Esq., of Buffalo, “the place of crab-apples.” 
 Plentiful on the Plains, Buffalo, and at Portage, Wyom. and 
 Liv. Cos. 
 
 297. P. arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa, Gray. 
 
 298. P. Americana, DC. 
 
 Rare. Machias, Catt. Co., “Rock City,” Little Valley, Catt. 
 Co.; Panama, Chat. Co., Clinton. 
 
 129. AMELANCHIER, Medik. 
 
 299. A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. 
 
 Order 33. Saxifragacea:. 
 
 130. RIBES, L. 
 
 300. R. Cynosbati, L. 
 
 301. R. oxyacanthoides, L. (A\ hirtellum , Michx.) 
 
 302. R. prostratum, L’Her. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; Dayton, Catt. Co. 
 
 303. R. floridum, L’ller. 
 
 304. R. rubrum, L., var. subglandulosum, Maxim. 
 
 Rare. In Buffalo Park, where “The Lake” now is; the station 
 obliterated. Hamburgh, Erie Co.; Jamestown, Chat. Co., 
 Clinton ; Westfield, Chat. Co., Clinton. 
 
 131. PARNASSIA, Tourn. 
 
 305. P. Caroliniana, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R.; Wind-mill Pt., Ont.; 
 Goat Is., Niagara Falls; Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 132. SAXIFRAGA, L. 
 
 306. S. aizoides, L. 
 
 Very rare. Falls of the Genesee River, Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 307. S. Virginiensis Michx. 
 
 308. S. Pennsylvania, L. 
 
 133. MITELLA, L. 
 
 309. M. diphylla, Tourn. 
 
 310. M. nuda, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Black Creek, Ont., Clinton ; Bergen, Gen. Co.; 
 Machias, Catt. Co.; Caledonia, Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (5) 
 
 APKII,, 1882. 
 
34 
 
 134- TIARELLA, L. 
 
 311. T. cordifolia, L. 
 
 135. CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn. 
 
 312. C. Americanum, Schwein. 
 
 Order 34. Crassulacete. 
 
 136. PENTHORUM, Gronov. 
 
 313. P. sedoides, L. 
 
 137. SEDUM, Tourn. 
 
 314. S. acre, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Niagara Falls; Williamsville, Erie Co., and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 315. S. TELEPHIUM, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Machias, Catt. Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 Order 35. Hamamelacea;. 
 
 138. HAMAMELIS, L. 
 
 31G. H. Virginica, L. 
 
 Order 36. Halorage^. 
 
 139. MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. 
 
 317. M. spicatum, L. 
 
 318. M. verticillatum, L. 
 
 Rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 
 319. M. heterophyllum, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R., Clinton. 
 
 140. PROSERPINACA, L. 
 
 320. P. palustris, L. 
 
 Rare. Shore of Lake Erie, Buffalo; Chatauqua Lake, at “The 
 Narrows.” 
 
 Order 37. OnagracejE. 
 
 141. CIRC^EA, Tourn. 
 
 321. C. Lutetiana, L. 
 
 322. C. alpina, L. 
 
 
35 
 
 142. GAURA, L. 
 
 323. G. biennis., L. 
 
 Rare. Sulphur Springs, Cheektowaga. Erie Co. ; near Ft. Erie, 
 Ont. 
 
 143. EPILOBIUM, L. 
 
 324 . E. spicatum, Lam. ( E . angusti folium , L., var. b .) 
 
 325. E. palustre., var. lineare, Gray. 
 
 320. E. molle, Torr. 
 
 327. E. coloratum, Muhl. 
 
 144. CENOTHERA. L. 
 
 32S. O. biennis, L. 
 
 329 . var. muricata, Lindl. 
 
 330. O. pumila, L. 
 
 145. LUDWIGIA, L. 
 
 331 . L. palustris, Ell. 
 
 Order 38. Lythrace^e. 
 
 146. LYTHRUM, L. 
 
 332 . L. alatum, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Near the track of the B. & S. W. R. R., W. Seneca, Erie 
 Co., C Union; near Bay View, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 147. NESvEA, Commerson, Juss. 
 
 333. N. verticillata, HBK. 
 
 Rather rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R.; Strawberry Is., Niagara 
 R., Clinton; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 Order 39. Cucurbitace^e. 
 
 148. SICYOS, L. 
 
 334. S. angulatus, L. 
 
 Rare. West Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 149. ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 335 . E. lobata, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Sulphur Springs, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 Order 40. Umbellifer^e. 
 
 150. HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. 
 
 330. H. Americana, L. 
 
36 
 
 i5i. SANICULA, Tourn. 
 
 337. S. Canadensis, L. 
 
 338. S. Marilandica, L. 
 
 152. DAUCUS, Tourn. 
 
 339. D. Carota, L. 
 
 153. TORI LIS, Adans. 
 
 340. T. Anthriscus, Gaertn. 
 
 Rare. Not seen except near Limestone Hill, W. Seneca, Erie 
 , Co. There abundant and spreading. 
 
 154. HERACLEUM, L. 
 
 341. H. lanatum, Michx. 
 
 155. PASTINACA, Tourn. 
 
 342. P. sativa, L. 
 
 156. ARCHANGELICA. Hoff. 
 
 343. A. hirsuta, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Liv. Co., Clinton; Salamanca, Catt. Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 344. A. atropurpurea, Hoff. 
 
 157. iETHUSA. L. 
 
 345. A. cynapium, L , Aurora, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 158. SELINUM, ( Conioselinum Canadensis , Fischer.) 
 
 346. S. Canadense, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Springbook, Erie Co. ; Bergen, Gen. Co.; Portage, 
 Wyom. Co.; Jamestown, Chat. Co., Clinton; Caledonia. Liv. 
 Co., Clinton. 
 
 159. THASPIUM, Nutt. 
 
 347. T. barbinode, JMutt. 
 
 348. T. aureum, Nutt. 
 
 160. PIMPINELLA, L. 
 
 349. P. integerrima, Benth. and Hook. ( Zizia integerrima , DC.) 
 
 161. CICUTA, L. 
 
 350. C. maculata, L. 
 
 351. C. bulbifera, L. 
 
 162. SIUM, L. 
 
 352. S. cicutaefolium, Gmelin. {S. lineare , Michx.) 
 
1 63. BERULA, Koch. 
 
 353. B. angustifolia, Koch. ? (Si um angustifolium , L.) 
 
 Rare. Near Smoke’s Creek, \V. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 164. CRYPTOT.ENIA, DC. 
 
 354. C. Canadensis, DC. 
 
 165. CH/EROPHYLLUM, L. 
 
 355. C. sativum, Lom. 
 
 Garden scape., Buffalo, Clinton. 
 
 166. CARUM. 
 
 350. C. Carui, L. 
 
 167. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. 
 
 357. O. longistylis, DC. 
 
 35S. O. brevistylis, DC. 
 
 168. CONIUM, L. 
 
 359. C. MACULATUM, L. # 
 
 169. COR IAN DRUM. 
 
 3G0. C. SATIVUM. 
 
 Garden scape, Buffalo. 
 
 170. ERIGENIA, Nutt. 
 
 301. E. bulbosa, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Buffalo R., Buffalo; Smoke’s Cr. , W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 Order 41. Araliace^e. 
 
 1 71. A R ALIA, Tourn. 
 
 A. spinosa, L. 
 
 Stated by E. S. Burgess to be spontaneous at Silver Creek and 
 Panama, Chat. Co. 
 
 362. A. racemosa, L 
 
 363. A. hispida, Ventenat. 
 
 Rather rare. \V. Seneca, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Ma- 
 chias, Catt. Co. / 
 
 364. A. nudicaulis, L. 
 
 3G5. A. quinquefolia, Decsne and Planch. 
 3G6. A. trifolia, Decsne and Planch. 
 

 38 
 
 Order 42. Cornace^e. 
 
 172. CORNUS, Tourn. 
 
 367. C. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Rare. Pine Hill, Cheektowaga; West Seneca, Erie Co,; Ber- 
 gen, Gen. Co ; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 3GS. C. florlda, L. 
 
 369. C. circinata, L’Her. 
 
 Rather rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 ■ 370. C. sericea, L. 
 
 371. C. stolonifera, Michx. 
 
 372. C. paniculata, L’Her. 
 
 373. C. alternifolia, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Hamburgh, Erie Co. 
 
 173. NYSSA, L. 
 
 374. N. multiflora, Wang. 
 
 Rather rare. Woods east of Delaware street, near the Park, 
 Buffalo; southeastern portion of Buffalo. 
 
Division II. MONOPETAL Ai. 
 
 Order 43. Capri koliace.e. 
 
 174. LINN/E A, Gronov. 
 
 37a. L. borealis, Gronov. 
 
 Rare. Hamburgh, Erie Co.; Java, Wyom. Co., Clinton ; Ber- 
 gen, Gen. Co.; Caledonia. Liv. Co. 
 
 175. SYMPHORICARPUS, Dill. 
 
 37G. S. racemosus., Michx. 
 
 Rare, except in gardens. Near Forestville, Chat. Co.; perhaps 
 the outcast of a garden. 
 
 Yar. pauciflorus, Robbins. 
 
 Niagara Falls. Planted in a garden, the variety has grown 
 larger and not distinguishable from the type. It may there- 
 fore be regarded rather as a condition than a variety. 
 
 377. S. vulgaris, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Near Ft. Erie, Ont. Probably escaped from cultivation. 
 
 176. LONICERA, L. 
 
 37S. L. sempervirens, Ait. 
 
 Rare. \V. Seneca, Erie Co. A garden scape. 
 
 L. grata, Ait. ? 
 
 Credited to Silver Creek, Chat. Co., by E. S. Burgess. 
 
 37‘J. L. parviflora, Lam. 
 
 3S0. var. Douglassii, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 381. L. hirsuta, Eaton. 
 
 Rare. Silver Lake, Wyom. Co., Clinton ; Markham’s (B. & S. 
 W. R. R.), Catt. Co., Clinton ; near Westfield, Chat. Co., 
 Clinton ; Jamestown, Chat. Co. 
 
 382. L. Tatarica. 
 
 Rare. Naturalized in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. Also, 
 near Ft. Erie, Ont., and in the woods, near the whirlpool, on 
 the American side of Niagara R. 
 
 383. L. ciliata, Muhl. 
 
 L. caerulea, L. ? 
 
 Attributed to Panama, Chat. Co., by E. S. Burgess. 
 
 384. L. oblongifolia, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. Near Akron, Erie Co.; Bergen, Gen. Co.; Caledonia, 
 Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
40 
 
 
 177- DIER VILLA, Tourn. 
 
 385. D. trifida, Moench. 
 
 178. TRIOSTEUM, L. 
 
 380. T. perfoliatum, L. 
 
 179. SAMBUCUS, Tourn. 
 
 387. S. Canadensis, L. 
 
 388. S. pubens, Miehx. 
 
 180. VIBURNUM, L. 
 
 389. V. Lentago, L. 
 
 390. V. nudum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Port 
 Colborne, Ont. 
 
 391. V. dentatum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Grand Is., Erie Co. ; W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 392. V. pubescens, Pursh. 
 
 393. V. acerifolium, L. 
 
 394. V. Opulus, L. 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 395. V. lantanoides, Miehx. 
 
 Order 44. Rubiace^e. 
 
 1S1. GALIUM, L. 
 
 396. G. Aparine, L. 
 
 397. G. Mollugo, L. 
 
 A rare weed in gardens. Buffalo. 
 
 398. G. asprellum, Miehx. 
 
 399. G. trifidum, L., var. tinctorium, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 400. G. triflorum, Miehx. 
 
 401. G. pilosum, Gray. 
 
 402. G. circaezans, Miehx. 
 
 403. G. lanceolatum, Torr. 
 
 404. G. boreale, L. 
 
 182. CEPHALANTHUS, L. 
 
 405. C. occidentalis, L. 
 
 183. MITCHELLA, L. 
 
 400. M. repens, L. 
 
 184. HOUSTONIA. L. 
 
 407. H. purpurea, L., var. ciliolata, Gray. 
 
 Rare, except along Niagara R., at and below the Falls. 
 
41 
 
 40S. H. caerulea, L. 
 
 Rare. Lewiston, Niagara Co.; Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 Order 45. Valeri anacea. 
 
 185. VALERIANA, Tourn. 
 
 409. V. sylvatica, Richards. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co. 
 
 410. V. OFFICINALIS. 
 
 Becoming naturalized in places. Buffalo; Hamburgh, Erie Co. 
 1S6. FEDIA, Gasrtn. 
 
 411. F. olitoria, Vahl. 
 
 Rare. Naturalized in northeastern portion of Buffalo, and near 
 Pt. Colborne, Ont. 
 
 412. F. Fagopyrum, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Near Sulphur Springs. Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 Order 46. Dipsacea. 
 
 187. DIPSACUS, Tourn. 
 
 413. D. SYLVESTRIS, Mill. 
 
 Order 47. Composita. 
 
 188. VERNONIA, Schreb. 
 
 414. V. Noveboracensis, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
 189. LIATRIS, Schreb. 
 
 415. L. cylindracea, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side. 
 
 190. EUPATORIUM, Tourn. 
 
 416. E. purpureum, L. 
 
 417. E. perfoliatum, L. 
 
 418. E. ageratoides, L. 
 
 191. PETASITES, Tourn. 
 
 419. P. palmata, Watson. {Nardosmia palniata. Hook.) 
 
 Rare. Machias, Catt. Co.; Silver Lake, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 BL'L. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (6) 
 
 APKIL, 1882. 
 
42 
 
 192 . TUSSILAGO, Tourn. 
 
 420. T. Farfara, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Sulphur Spring, Cheektowaga, Erie Co.; 
 Bergen, Gen. Co.; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 193 . ASTER, L. 
 
 A. corymbosus, Ait. 
 
 Attributed to the vicinity of Fredonia by E. S. Burgess. 
 
 421. A. patens, Ait. 
 
 422. A. laevis, L. 
 
 423. var. cyaneus, Gray. 
 
 424. A. azureus, Lindl. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side, Clinton. 
 
 425. A. undulatus, L. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 426. A. cordifolius, L. 
 
 427. A. sagittifolius, Willd. 
 
 42S. A. ericoides, L. 
 
 429. var. villosus. 
 
 430. A. multiflorus, Ait. 
 
 431. A. Tradescanti, L. 
 
 432. A. miser, L. 
 
 433. A. simplex, Willd. 
 
 434. A. tenuifolius, L. 
 
 435. A. longifolius, Lam. 
 
 43G. A. puniceus, L. 
 
 437. var. vimineus, Gray. 
 
 43S. A. prenanthoides, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. North Collins, Erie Co., Clinton ; Portage, Wyom. Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 439. A. Novae-Angliae, L. 
 
 440. var. roseus, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Ft. Erie, Ont., Clinton. 
 
 441. A. acuminatus, Michx. 
 
 Rare. “Counterfeiter’s Ledge,” Akron, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 442. A. ptarmicoides, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side. 
 
 194 . ERIGERON, L. 
 
 443. E. Canadense, L. 
 
 444. E. bellidifolium, Muhl. 
 
 445. E. Philadelphicum, L. 
 
 446. E. annuum, Pers, 
 
43 
 
 447. E. strigosum, Muhl. 
 
 195. DIPLOPAPPUS, Cass. 
 
 448. D. umbellatus, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 196. BEL LIS, Tourn. 
 
 419. B. perennis, L. 
 
 Established in lawns in a few places in Buffalo. 
 
 197. SOLIDAGO, L. 
 
 450. S. squarrosa, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. Near Forest Lawn Cemetery. Buffalo. 
 
 451. S. bicolor, L. 
 
 452. var. concolor, Gray. 
 
 453. S. latifolia, L. 
 
 454. S. caesia, L. 
 
 455. S. stricta, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Caledonia, Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
 456. S. rigida, L. 
 
 457. S. Ohioensis, Riddell. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 458. S. Houghtonii, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 459. S. sempervirens, L. 
 
 Introduced. Spontaneous in gardens, Buffalo, and disposed to 
 spread. 
 
 460. S. neglecta, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton ; Caledonia, Liv. Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 461. S. patula, Muhl. 
 
 462. S. arguta, Ait. 
 
 463. var. juncea, Gray. 
 
 464. S Muhlenbergii, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 465. S. altissima, L. 
 
 466. S. ulmifolia, Muhl. 
 
 467. S. nemoralis, Ait. 
 
 468. S. Canadensis, L. 
 
 469. S. serotina, Ait. 
 
 470. S. gigantea, Ait. 
 
 471. S. lanceolata, L. 
 
 198. INULA, L. 
 
 472. I. Helexium, L. 
 
44 
 
 199- POLYMNIA, L. 
 
 473. P. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Smoke’s Cr., W. Seneca, Erie Co.; near Lewis- 
 ton, Niagara Co. 
 
 200 . SILPHIUM, L. 
 
 474. S. laciniatum, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, Buffalo, and disposed to spread. Hardly 
 yet established. 
 
 475. S. trifoliatum, L. 
 
 Attributed to Niagara Falls by Torrey, on the authority of Dr. 
 Eddy, but not seen by us. 
 
 201 . AMBROSIA, Tourn. 
 
 47G. A. trifida, L. 
 
 The var. integrifolia, near the bridge of the L. S. & M. S. R. R., 
 over Buffalo R., Clinton. 
 
 477. A. artemisiaefolia, L. 
 
 202 . XANTHIUM, Tourn. 
 
 478. H. strumarium, L. 
 
 479. H. spinosum, L. 
 
 Rare. A “railroad weed,” not lately seen, Buffalo. 
 
 203 . HELIOPSIS, Pers. 
 
 480. H. laevis, Pers. 
 
 481. var. scabra. Gray. 
 
 204 . ECHINACEA, Mcench. 
 
 4S2. E. purpurea, Mcench. (?) 
 
 Very rare. A single plant Avas seen by Judge Clinton a mile or 
 two east from E. Buffalo station. Possibly E. angusti folia, DC. 
 
 205 . RUDBECKIA, L. 
 
 483. R. laciniata, L. 
 
 484. R. hirta, L. 
 
 LEPACHYS, Raf. 
 
 L. pinnata, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Collected in Chat. Co., on the shore of Lake Erie, by 
 Dr. H. P. Sartwell. Not since reported. Probably not with- 
 in our territory. 
 
45 
 
 206 . HELIANTHUS, L. 
 
 4S5. H. annuus, L. 
 
 4$G. H. giganteus, L. (?) 
 
 Rare. Salamanca, Catt. Co., Clinton; Fredonia, Chat. Co., 
 Petit , ex Jide , Burgess. 
 
 4S7. H. strumosus, L. 
 
 4SS. H. divaricatus, L. 
 
 4S9. H. decapetalus, L. 
 
 490. H. doronicoides, Lam. 
 
 The cultivated variety, formerly known as H. tuberosus , has es- 
 caped from cultivation in some places in and near Buffalo. 
 
 207 . COREOPSIS, L. 
 
 491. C. trichosperma, Michx. 
 
 Not seen except in the S. E. portion of Buffalo; there abundant. 
 
 492. C. tinctoria, Nutt. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and escaping, Buffalo. 
 
 C. Drummondii. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, Buffalo. 
 
 20 S. BIDENS, L. 
 
 493. B. frondosa, L. 
 
 494. B. connata, Muhl. 
 
 4&5. B. cernua, L. 
 
 49G. B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. (?) 
 
 Possibly our B. chrysanthemoides is only a form of B. cernua , L. 
 
 497. B. Beckii, Torr. 
 
 Rare. “Smuggler’s Run,” Squaw Is., Niagara R., Erie Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 495. B. bipinnata, L. 
 
 Rare. A “railroad weed,” Buffalo; not lately seen, Clinton. 
 209 . DYSODIA, Cav. 
 
 499. D. chrysanthemoides, Lag. 
 
 Rare. A “railroad weed;” Ft. Erie, Ont., not lately seen. 
 
 210 . HELENIUM, L. 
 
 500. H. autumnale, L. 
 
 2 ir. GALINSOGA, Ruiz and Pav. 
 
 501. G. parviflora, Cav. 
 
 Rare. Court yards and streets, Buffalo. Introduced. 
 
 212 . MARUTA, Cass. 
 
 502. M. Cotula, DC. 
 
46 
 
 213- ANTHEMIS, L. 
 
 503. A. ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 Rare. A weed in nursery grounds, Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, 
 Erie Co. 
 
 214. ACHILLEA, L. 
 
 504. A. Millefolium, L. 
 
 The rose-colored variety in the vicinity of Forest Lawn Ceme- 
 tery, Buffalo, and at Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 215. LEUCANTHEMUM, Tourn. 
 
 505. L. vulgare. Lam. 
 
 216. CHRYSANTHEMUM, L. 
 
 506. C. Parthenium, Pers. {Leu cant hetnum Parthenium , Godron.) 
 
 ’ A weed in some gardens. Buffalo; Pt. Colborne, Ont. 
 
 217. BALSAMITA, Willd. 
 
 507. B. vulgaris, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Escaped from gardens, Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 218. MATRICARIA. Tourn. 
 
 508. M. Chamomilla, L. 
 
 Rare. A garden weed; Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 219. TANACETUM, L. 
 
 509. T. VULGARE, L. 
 
 510. var. crispum, Gray. 
 
 220. ARTEMISIA, L. 
 
 511. A. Canadensis, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Irving, Chat. Co.; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 512. A. vulgaris, L. 
 
 Near the lower Suspension Bridge, Niagara R., American side. 
 
 513. A. biennis, Willd. 
 
 Recently introduced from the west, but already very common. 
 With us, apparently, always annual. 
 
 514. A. Abrotanum, L. 
 
 Escaped from gardens, Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 515. A. Absinthium, L. 
 
 Milford, Chat. Co., Burgess. An escape. 
 
 221. GN APHALIUM, L. 
 
 516. G. decurrens, Ives. 
 
 Less common than the next. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 517. G. polycephalum, Michx. 
 
47 
 
 51S. G. uliginosum. 
 
 222 . ANTE NN ARIA, Gmrtn. 
 
 519. A. margaritacea, R. Br. 
 
 520. A. plantiginifolia, Hook. 
 
 223 . ERECHTHITES, Raf. 
 
 521. E. hieracifolia, Raf. 
 
 224 . CACALIA, L. 
 
 522. C. suaveolens, L. 
 
 Avon, Liv. Co., B. D. Greene . 
 
 523. C. atriplicifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Liv. Co., Clinton ; Bemus Point, Chat. Lake. 
 
 225 . SENECIO, L. 
 
 524. S. VULGARIS, L. 
 
 A rather rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 525. S. aureus, L. 
 
 520. var. Balsamitae, Gray. 
 
 Niagara R., below the Falls. 
 
 226 . CENTAUREA, L. 
 
 527. C. Cyanus, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, and escaped, Buffalo and elsewhere. 
 
 227 . CIRSIUM, Tourn. 
 
 528. C. LANCEOLATUM, Scop. 
 
 529. C. discolor, Spreng. 
 
 530. C. altissimum, Spreng. 
 
 531. C. muticum, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton ; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 Clinton. 
 
 532. C. pumilum, Spreng. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 533. C. arvense, Scop. 
 
 228 . ONOPORDON, Vaill. 
 
 534. O. ACANTHIUM, L. 
 
 Occasionally escaped. Abbott Road, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 Bergen, Gen. Co.; Jamestown, Chat. Co., Clinton. 
 
 229 . SILYBUM, Vaill. 
 
 535. S. Marianum, Gaertn. 
 
 Occasionally escaped, Buffalo. 
 
48 
 
 23 p. ARCTIUM, L. 
 
 536. A. LArPA, L.. var. major. {Lappa officinalis, Allioni.) 
 
 537 . var. tomentosa, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, Clinton. 
 
 231 LAMPSANA, Tourn. 
 
 538. L. communis, L. 
 
 Rare. In gardens and court-yards, Buffalo. 
 
 232. CICHORIUM, Tourn. 
 
 539. C. Intybus, L. 
 
 Not common. Roadsides, near Scajaquady’s Cr.. Buffalo; Pine 
 Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co.; near Angola, Erie Co. 
 
 KRIGIA, Schreb. 
 
 K. amplexicaulis, Nutt. ( Cynthia Virginica, Don.) 
 
 Rare. Panama, Chat. Co., Burgess. Perhaps entering our 
 territory at the southwest. 
 
 233. LEONTODON, L., Juss. 
 
 540. L. AUTUMNALE, L. 
 
 Rare. Buffalo. Probably introduced with “English Lawn Grass.” 
 
 234. HIERACIUM, Tourn. 
 
 541 . H. Canadense, Michx. 
 
 542 . H. scabrum, Michx. 
 
 543. H. Gronovii, L. • 
 
 544. H. venosum, L. 
 
 545. H. paniculatum, L. 
 
 235. PRENANTHES, L. 
 
 546. P. alba. L. {Nabalus albus. Hook.) 
 
 547. var. Serpentaria. 
 
 548. P. altissima, L. (A T abalus altissimus. Hook.) 
 
 549 . P. crepidina, Michx. ? {Ababa Ins crepidincus . DC.) 
 
 Very rare. Wheelbarrow Pt., Buffalo. Only two plants seen, 
 and those not lately. Some doubt exists as to the species, 
 but it surely better corresponds with P. crepidina than with 
 any other described in Gray’s Manual. 
 
 236. TARAXACUM, Haller. 
 
 550. T. Dens-lkonis, Desf. 
 
 237. LACTUCA, Tourn. 
 
 551. L. Canadensis, L. 
 
49 
 
 552. L. sativa, L. 
 
 Often spontaneous. 
 
 553. L. leucophaea, Benth. (. Mulgedium leucopJnewn , DC.) 
 
 238. SONCHUS., L. 
 
 554. S. oleraceus, L. 
 
 555. S. asper, Vill. 
 
 550. S. ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 Rare. Angola, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 Order 48. Lobeliace^e. 
 
 239 . LOBELIA, L. 
 
 557. L. cardinalis, L. 
 
 558. L. syphilitica, L. 
 
 559. L. inflata, L. 
 
 L. spicata, Lam. 
 
 Attributed to Clymer, Chat. Co., by E. S. Burgess. 
 
 560. L. Kalmii, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Lake shore, near the foot of York street, Buffalo; 
 Wind-mill Pt. and Pt. Abino, Ont. ; Goat Is., Niagara Falls; 
 Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co. 
 
 Order 49. CampanulacejE. 
 
 240. CAMPANULA, Tourn. 
 
 561. C. rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Not common. Niagara R., at and below the Falls; Eighteen- 
 mile Creek, Hamburgh, Erie Co. 
 
 562. C. aparinoides, Pursh. 
 
 563. C. Americana, L. 
 
 Not common. Smoke’s Cr., W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 564. C. GLOMERATA, L. ? 
 
 Rare. Along the turnpike, Hamburgh. Erie Co. Some doubt, 
 however, remains as to the identity of the species. 
 
 565. C. RAPUNCULOIDES, L. 
 
 241. SPECULARIA, Heister. 
 
 566. S. perfoliata, A. DC. 
 
 Very abundant at Pt. Abino and Port Colborne, Ont.; elsewhere 
 rather rare. 
 
 BL'L. BL’F. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (7) 
 
 APRIL, 1882. 
 
50 
 
 Order 50. Ericaceae. 
 
 242. GAYLUSSACIA, H. B. K. 
 
 5 G 7 . G. frondosa, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 5 G 8 . G. resinosa, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 243. VACCINIUM, L. 
 
 569. V. Oxycoccus, L. 
 
 Port Colborne, Ont. ; Hanover, Chat. Co. ; Bergen Swamp, Gen. 
 Co., Clinton , and elsewhere. 
 
 570 . V. macrocarpon, Ait. 
 
 Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 571. V. stamineum, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 572 . V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 
 
 573. V. Canadense, Kalm. 
 
 Rare. Machias, Catt. Co.; “Rock City,” near Salamanca, 
 Catt. Co. 
 
 574 . .V. vacillans, Solander. 
 
 575. V. corymbosum, L. 
 
 244. CHIOGENES, Salisb. 
 
 576 . C. hispidula, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat Co.; Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 245. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. 
 
 577. A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. 
 
 Rare. Pt. Abino, Ont.; Niagara R., at and below the Falls. 
 
 246. EPIGA 5 A, L. 
 
 578. E. repens, L. 
 
 Rare. Gowanda, Erie Co.; “Rock City,” near Salamanca, 
 Catt. Co.; Portage, Liv. and Gen. Cos. ; Jamestown, Chat. Co. 
 
 247. GAULTHERIA, Kalm. 
 
 579. G. procumbens, L. 
 
 248. CASSANDRA, Don. 
 
 580. G. calyculata, Don. 
 
 Sardinia, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 249. ANDROMEDA, L. 
 
 581. A. polifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. Black Creek, Ont., Clinton; near Akron, Erie Co. ; Java 
 Lake, Wyom. Co., Clinton; Machias, Catt. Co.; “Randall’s 
 Fly,” near Milford, Chat. Co., Burgess. 
 
51 
 
 250. KALMIA. L. 
 
 K. latifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. Olean, Catt. Co., Clinton. Not unlikely to occur in the 
 southeastern portion of our territory. 
 
 5S2. K. glauca, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 251. AZALEA, L. 
 
 583. A. nudiflora, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Batavia and Bergen, Gen. Co.; Machias. 
 Catt. Co.; “Rock City,” near Salamanca, Catt. Co.; Silver 
 Lake, Wyom. Co.; Jamestown, Chat. Co. 
 
 252. RHODODENDRON, L. 
 
 584. R. maximum, L. 
 
 ' Rare. Hamburgh, Erie Co. ; Machias, Catt. Co.; Clear Creek, 
 Chat. Co. 
 
 253. LEDUM, L. 
 
 5 S 5 . L. latifolium, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Black Creek, Ont., Clinton ; Bergen, Gen. Co.; Machias, 
 Catt. Co. 
 
 254. PYROLA, Tourn. 
 
 58G. P. rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Woods east of Delaware street, and north of the 
 Park, Buffalo; and elsewhere, 
 var. uliginosa, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Near Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 587 . P. elliptica, Nutt. 
 
 588 . P. chlorantha, Swartz. 
 
 589. P. secunda, L. 
 
 255. MONESES, Salisb. 
 
 590 . M. uniflora, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co., Clinton ; but rather 
 abundant at Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 256. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. 
 
 591. C. umbellata, Nutt. 
 
 592 . C. maculata, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 257. PTEROSPORA, Nutt. 
 
 593 . P. Andromedea, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool, American side, Clinton ; Portage, Gen. Co. 
 
258. MONOTROPA, L. 
 
 594. M. uniflora, L. 
 
 595. M. Hypopitys, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo, Clinton ; Pt. Abino, Ont.; Goat 
 Is., Niagara Falls, Clinton ; Eighteen-mile Cr., Evans, Erie 
 Co.; Bemus Pt., Chat. Co. 
 
 Order 51 AQUiFOLiACEiE. 
 
 259. ILEX, L. 
 
 590. I. monticola, Gray. 
 
 Rare. “ Rock City,” near Salamanca, Catt. Co. ; Panama Rocks, 
 Chat. Co., Burgess. 
 
 597. I. verticillata, Gray. 
 
 260. NEMOPANTHES, Raf. 
 
 598. N. Canadensis, DC. 
 
 Order 52. Plantaginiace^e. 
 
 261. PLANTAGO, L. 
 
 599. P. major, L. 
 
 000. P. Kamschatica, Cham. 
 
 Undoubtedly indigenous. Perhaps not very rare. Certainly 
 abundant along Rush Cr., Hamburgh, Erie Co., and readily 
 distinguished from P. major , by the pink color at the base of 
 the leaves. 
 
 001. P. LANCEOLATA, L. 
 
 Order 53. Primulacea:. 
 
 262. PRIMULA, L. 
 
 002. P. Mistassinica, Michx. 
 
 Very rare. Only found at Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 263. TRIENTALIS, L. 
 
 603. T. Americana, Pursh. 
 
 264. LYSIMACHIA, Tourn. 
 
 004. L. thyrsiflora, L. 
 
 005. L. stricta, Ait. 
 
 OOG. L. quadrifolia, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Machias, Catt. Co. ; Salamanca, Catt. Co. ; Silver 
 Lake, Wyom.‘«Co.; Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
007. L. ciliata, L. 
 
 00 S. L. lanceolata, L. • 
 
 009 . L. longifolia, Pursh. 
 
 010. L. NUMMULAR I A, L. 
 
 Rare. A garden escape. 
 
 265. ANAGALLIS, Tourn. 
 
 011. A. ARVENSIS, L. 
 
 A rare weed in gardens, Buffalo. 
 
 266. SAMOLUS, L. 
 
 612 . S. Valerandi, L., var. Americanus, Gray. 
 
 Order 54. Lentibulace/E. 
 
 267. UTRICULARIA, L. 
 
 013. U. vulgaris, L. 
 
 014 . U. intermedia, Hayne. 
 
 Rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 
 615 . U. cornuta, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Niagara Falls, Canadian side, Clinton; Cassadaga 
 Lake, Chat. Co. 
 
 268. PINGUICULA, L. 
 
 GIG. P. vulgaris. 
 
 Very rare. Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 Order 55. Bignoniacea;. 
 
 269. MARTYNIA, L. 
 
 017 . M. proboscidea, Glox. 
 
 Rare. Occasionally escaped from gardens, -where it is often 
 spontaneous. Buffalo; Lewiston, Niagara Co. 
 
 Order 56. Orobanchace^e. 
 
 270. EPIPHEGUS, Nutt. 
 
 CIS. E. Virginiana, Bart. 
 
 271. CONOPHOLIS, Wall*>th. 
 
 019 . C. Americana, Wallroth. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; Tonawanda, Erie Co.. Clinton ; 
 Hamburgh, Erie Co.; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 272. APHYLLON, Mitchell. 
 
 020 . A. uniflorum, Torr. and Gray. 
 
54 
 
 Order 57. Scrophulariace^e. 
 
 273 . VERBASCUM, L. 
 
 621. V. Thapsus, L. 
 
 622. V. Blattaria, L. 
 
 274 . LINARIA, Tourn. 
 
 623. L. vulgaris, Mill. 
 
 275 . ANTIRRHINUM, L. 
 
 624. A. Orontium, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 276 . SCROPHULARIA, Tourn. 
 
 625. S. nodosa, L. 
 
 277 . COLLINSIA, Nutt. 
 
 626. C. verna, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Smoke’s Cr., W. Seneca, Erie Co.; “Forks of the 
 Broken Straw,” Chat. Co., Burgess. 
 
 278 . CHELONE, Tourn. 
 
 627. C. glabra, L. 
 
 279 . PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. 
 
 628. P. pubescens, Solander. 
 
 Not very common. The Plains, Buffalo; Grand Is., Erie Co.; 
 Port Colborne, Ont. ; Niagara Falls. 
 
 280 . MIMULUS, L. 
 
 629. M. ringens, L. 
 
 630. M. alatus, Ait. 
 
 Much less common than M. ringens. Scajauquady’s Cr. , Buffalo, 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 281 . GRATIOLA, L. 
 
 631. G. Virginiana, L. 
 
 282 . ILYSANTHES, Raf. 
 
 632. I. gratioloides, Benth. 
 
 Not very common. Lake shore, Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 283 . VERONICA, L. 
 
 633. V. Virginica, L. * 
 
 Rare. Portage, Liv. Co., Clinton; Bemus Pt., Chat. Co.; Avon, 
 Liv. Co., Sartwell. 
 
 634. V. Anagallis, L. 
 
 Rare. Alabama, Gen. Co., Clinton ; Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 635. V. Americana, Schweinitz. 
 
oo 
 
 636. V. scutellata, L. 
 
 637. V. officinalis, L. 
 
 638. V. serpyllifolia, L. 
 
 639. V. peregrlna, L. 
 
 640. V. arvensis, L. 
 
 641. V. Cham^drys, L. 
 
 Very rare. Found growing in a roadside, Buffalo, and perpetu- 
 ated. 
 
 2S4. GERARDIA, L. 
 
 642. G. purpurea, L. 
 
 Rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R.; Wind-mill Pt., Ont. ; Ni- 
 agara Falls. 
 
 643. G. tenuifolia, Vahl. 
 
 Not very common. The Plains, Buffalo; W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 644. G. flava, L. 
 
 645. G. quercifolia, Pursh. 
 
 646 . G. integrifolia, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Salamanca, Catt. Co., Clinton . 
 
 285. CASTILLEIA, Mutis. 
 
 647 . C. coccinea, Spreng. 
 
 Rather rare. Northeastern part of Buffalo; near the Whirlpool, 
 Niagara R., Canadian side, and elsewhere. 
 
 286. PE DIC U LARIS, Tourn. # 
 
 648. P. Canadensis, L. 
 
 649 . P. lanceolata, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Low grounds in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Islands 
 of Niagara R. 
 
 287* MELAMPYRUM, Tourn. 
 
 650 . M. Americanum, Michx. 
 
 Order 58. Acanthace^e. 
 
 288. DIANTHERA, Gronov. 
 
 651. D. Americana, L. 
 
 Not very common. Buffalo R.;. Niagara R., especially on the 
 American side, a short distance from Goat Is. 
 
 Order 59. Verbenace^. 
 
 652. V. hastata, L. 
 
 289 . VERBENA, L. 
 
■56 
 
 653. V. urticifolia, L. 
 
 V. Aubletia, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens. Buffalo. 
 
 290 . PHRYMA, L. 
 
 654. P. Leptostachya, L. 
 
 Order 60. Menthace/E. 
 
 291. TEUCRIUM, L. 
 
 655. T. Canadense, L. 
 
 A white flowering variety at Pt. Abino. Ont. 
 
 292. MENTHA. L. 
 
 656. M. viridis, L. 
 
 657. M. piperita, L. 
 
 Cheektowaga, Erie Co. and elsewhere. Not common. 
 
 658. M. Canadensis, L. 
 
 659. var. glabrata. Benth. 
 
 293. LYCOPUS, L. 
 
 660. L. Virginicus, L. 
 
 661. L. Europaeus, L. 
 
 294. HYSSOPUS, L. 
 
 662. H. OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 Occasionally escaped near Buffalo. 
 
 295. PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. 
 
 663. P. incanum, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 664. . P. lanceolatum, Pur.sh. 
 
 A variety with proliferous heads, on Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 
 665. P. linifolium, Pursh. 
 
 296. THYMUS, L. 
 
 666. T. Serpyllum, L. 
 
 Thoroughly established in a cemetery at Williamsville, Erie Co. 
 
 297. CALAMINTHA, Moench. 
 
 667. C. glabella, Benth., var. Nuttallii, Gray. 
 
 Ft. Erie, and thence along the lake. shore to PC. Abino, Ont.; 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 668. C. Clinopodium, Benth. 
 
OY 
 
 29S. MELISSA, L. 
 
 GG9. M. OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 Escaped in many places. 
 
 299. HEDEOMA, Ters. 
 070. H. pulegioides, Pers. 
 
 300. COLLINSONIA, L. 
 
 G71. C. Canadensis, L. 
 
 301. SALVIA, L. 
 
 672. S. OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 Established in the edge of a wood near DeVeaux College, Niag. 
 Co., opposite ihe Whirlpool, far from cultivation, and spread- 
 ing. 
 
 302. MONARDA, L. 
 
 673. M. didyma, L. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Machias, Catt. Co., 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 G74. M. fistulosa, L. 
 
 303. BLEPHILIA, Raf. 
 
 G75. B. hirsuta, Benth. 
 
 Rare. Clear Cr., Chat. Co. 
 
 304. LOPHANTHUS, Benth. 
 
 G7G. L. nepetoides, Benth. 
 
 Rare. Pt. Abino, Ont. ; Aurora, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 G77. L. scrophulariaefolius, Benth. 
 
 305. NEPETA, L. 
 
 678. N. Cataria, L. 
 
 G79. N. Glechoma, L. 
 
 306. DRACOCEPPIALUM, L. 
 
 GSO. D. parviflorum, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Sparingly found at Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 307. PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth. 
 
 G81. P. Virginiana, Benth. 
 
 Rather rare, Islands in Niagara R.; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 308. BRUNELLA, Tourn. 
 
 682. B. vulgaris, L. 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 (8) 
 
 APK11., 1882 
 
58 
 
 30Q. SCUTELLARIA, L. 
 
 653. S. parvula, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Lake shore, near foot of York street, Buffalo; 
 Pt. Abino, Ont.; Goat Is., Niagara Falls. 
 
 654. S. galericulata, L. 
 
 685. S. lateriflora, L. 
 
 310. MARRUBIUM, L. 
 
 686. M. vulgare, L. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 31 1. GALEOPSIS, L. 
 
 6S7. G. Tetrahit, L. 
 
 312. STACHYS, L. 
 
 68S. S. palustris, L. 
 
 689. var. aspera, Gray. 
 
 313. LEONURUS, L. 
 
 690. L. Cardiaca, L. 
 
 314. LAMIUM, L. 
 
 691. L. AMPLEXICAULE, L. 
 
 692. L. PURPUREUM, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 315. BALLOTA, L. 
 
 693. B. nigra, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo, not lately seen. 
 
 Order 61. Borraginaceal 
 
 316. ECHIUM, Tourn. 
 
 694. E. VULGARE, L. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 317. SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. 
 
 695. S. OFFICINALE, L. 
 
 Rare. Roadsides in the suburbs of Buffalo; Attica, Wyom. Co.; 
 Portage, Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
 318. ONOSMODIUM, Michx. 
 
 696. O. Carolinianum, DC. 
 
 319. LITIIOSPERMUM, Tourn. 
 
 697. L. ARVENSE, L. 
 
59 
 
 G9S. L. officinale, L. 
 
 Rare, except at Niagara Falls. 
 
 G99. L. latifolium, Michx. 
 
 700. L. hirtum, Lehm. 
 
 Rare. Sand-drifts of the lake shore, Ft. Erie and Pt. Abino, 
 Ont; near Batavia, Gen. Co. 
 
 320. MERTENSIA, Roth. 
 
 701. M. Virginica, DC. 
 
 321. MYOSOTIS, L. 
 
 702 . M. palustris, Withering, var. laxa, Gray. 
 
 703. M. arvensis, Hoffman. 
 
 Rare. A weed in a few gardens, Buffalo; Pine Hill, Cheeklo- 
 waga, Erie Co. 
 
 704 . M. verna, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 322. ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. 
 
 705 . E. Lappula, Lehm. 
 
 323. CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn. 
 
 706. C. officinale, L. 
 
 707. C. Virginicum, L. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side; Akron, 
 Erie Co.; “ Rock City,” Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 70S. C. Morisoni, DC. 
 
 324. HELIOPHYTUM, Cham., DC. 
 
 709. H. Indicum, DC. 
 
 A rare garden weed, probably precarious. Buffalo. 
 
 Order 62. Hydrophyllacejl 
 
 325. HYDROPHYLLUM, L. 
 
 710. H. Virginicum, L. 
 
 711. H. Canadense, L. 
 
 Less common than H. Virginicum. Buffalo R.; Hanover, 
 Chat. Co. 
 
 Order 63. Polemoniace/e. 
 
 326. POLEMONIUM, L. 
 
 712. P. reptans, L. 
 
 Southeastern part of Buffalo; but growing scarce. 
 
60 
 
 327 . PHLOX, L. 
 
 713. P. paniculata, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens; escaped, Clinton. 
 
 714. P. maculata, L. 
 
 One plant seen growing “wild,” in woods near Delevan ave- 
 nue, Buffalo, now included in Forest Lawn Cemetery. 
 
 715. P. divaricata, L. 
 
 ' 716. var. Laphamii, Wood. 
 
 717. P. subulata, L. 
 
 Found many years ago on low sand-dunes near the foot of Gen- 
 esee street, Buffalo; banks of Allen’s Cr. , Le Roy, Gen. Co., 
 Clinton; banks of Wolf Cr., near Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton . 
 
 Order 64. Convolvulace^e. 
 
 328. IPOMyEA, L. 
 
 71S. I. purpurea, Lam. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens. Rarely escaped. 
 
 719. I. pandurata, Meyer. 
 
 Rare. In a field on the Plains, near the Erie County Alms- 
 house, Buffalo. 
 
 329. CONVOLVULUS, L. 
 
 720. C. arvensis, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Waste places and roadsides, Buffalo; Lewiston, 
 Niagara Co. 
 
 721. C. Sepium, L. ( Calystegia Sepium, R. Br.) 
 
 722. C. spithamaeus, L. ( Calystegia spilhamoea , Pursh.) 
 
 Very rare. One specimen only found. Whirlpool woods, Niag- 
 ara R., Ont., Clinton. 
 
 330. CUSCUTA, Tourn. 
 
 723. C. Epilinum, Weihe. 
 
 Rare. In flax fields, Niagara Co. 
 
 724. C. inflexa, Engelm. 
 
 Rare. Youngstown, Niagara Co. 
 
 725. C. Gronovii, Willd. 
 
 Order 65. Solanacete. 
 
 331. SOLANUM, Tourn. 
 
 726. S. Dulcamara, L. 
 
61 
 
 727. S. NIGRUM, L. 
 
 72S. S. Carolinense, L. 
 
 Rare. Along the Buffalo & Lake Huron Railway track at Ft. 
 Erie, Ont. ; along the track of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad, in Buffalo. 
 
 332. PHYSALIS, L. 
 
 729. P. pubescens, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near the lake shore, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 730. P. viscosa, L. 
 
 731. P. Philadelphica, L. ? 
 
 333. NICANDRA, Adans. 
 
 732. N. ph ysaloides, Gsertn. 
 
 Occasional. Buffalo; Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 334. ATROPA, L. 
 
 733. A. Belladonna, L. 
 
 A rare garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 335. LYCIUM, L. 
 
 734. L. vulgare, Dunal. 
 
 A garden scape. Niagara Falls. 
 
 336. HYOSCYAMUS, Tourn. 
 
 735. H. nigrum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Waste places near the Erie County Penitentiary, 
 Buffalo; Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 337. DATURA, L. 
 
 736. D. Stramonium, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Youngstown, Niagara Co. 
 
 737. D. Tatula, L. 
 
 Waste places, Buffalo, and elsewhere. Here more common 
 than D. Stramonium. 
 
 338. NICOTIANA, L. 
 
 73S. N. rustica, L. 
 
 Rare. Ft. Erie, Ont., and elsewhere. 
 
 Order 66. Gentianiace^e. 
 
 339. FRASERA, Walt. 
 
 739. F. Caroliniensis, Walt. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; Tonawanda, Erie Co. A peren- 
 nial ! But often dying as soon as the seed is matured. 
 
340. GENTIANA, L. 
 
 740. G. quinqueflora, Lam. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 741. G. crinita, Froel. 
 
 Rare. Islands of Niagara R.; Hamburgh, Erie Co.; Caledo- 
 nia, Liv. Co. 
 
 742. G. detonsa, Fries. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 743. G. Andrewsii, Griseb. 
 
 744. var. albiflora, Squaw Is. and Strawberry Is., Niagara R.; Sala- . 
 
 manca, Catt. Co., Clinton. 
 
 745. G. puberula, Michx. 
 
 Very rare. Four or five plants only noticed in the edge of a 
 wood on the Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 341. MENYANTHES, Tourn. 
 
 746. M. trifoliata, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Pt. Abino, Ont.; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co.; Han- 
 over, Chat. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 Order 67. Apocynace/e. 
 
 342. APOCYNUM, Tourn. 
 
 747. A. androsaemifolium, L. 
 
 748. A. cannabinum, L. 
 
 343. VINCA, L. 
 
 749. V. minor, L. 
 
 Escaped into roadsides in a few places, Forest Lawn Cemetery, 
 Buffalo, and elsewhere. 
 
 Order 68. Asclepiadace^e. 
 
 344. ASCLEPIAS, L. 
 
 750. A. Cornuti, Decaisne. 
 
 751. A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. 
 
 752. A. quadrifolia, Jacq. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side. 
 
 753. A. incarnata, L. 
 
 A variety with white flowers, noticed in southeastern portion of 
 Buffalo. 
 
 754. A. tuberosa, L. 
 
 Abundant upon the Plains, Buffalo; near the Whirlpool, on 
 either side of Niagara R., and in a few other places. 
 
63 
 
 755. A. verticillata, L. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., American side. 
 
 345. VINCETOXICUM, Moench. 
 
 75G. V. nigrum. Moench. 
 
 Rare. A garden weed. Buffalo. Not lately seen. 
 
 Order 69. Oleacete. 
 
 346. LIGUSTRUM, Tourn. 
 
 757. L. VULGARE, L. 
 
 Rarely escaped, Buffalo. 
 
 347. FRAXINUS, Tourn. 
 
 758. F. Americana, L. 
 
 759. F. pubescens, Lam. 
 
 7G0. F. viridis, Michx. f. 
 
 7G1. F. sambucifolia, Lam. 
 
64 
 
 Division III. APETAL^. 
 
 Order 70. Aristolochiacea:. 
 
 348 . ASARUM, Tourn. 
 
 762. A. Canadense, L. 
 
 Order 71. Phytolaccace^e. 
 
 349 . PHYTOLACCA, Tourn. 
 
 763. P. decandra, L. 
 
 Order 72. Chenopodiace^e. 
 
 350 . CHENO PODIUM, L. 
 
 764. C. ALBUM, L. 
 
 765. C. GLAUCUM, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Roadsides in Buffalo. 
 
 766. C. urbicum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. With C. glaucum. 
 
 767. C. HYBRIDUM, L. 
 
 768. C. Botrys, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Shore of Niagara R., Buffalo; Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 769. C. ambrosioides, L., var. anthelminticum, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 351 . BLITUM, Tourn. 
 
 770. B. capitatum, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Gowanda, Erie Co.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; Ma- 
 chias, Catt. Co. 
 
 352 . ATRIPLEX, Tourn. 
 
 771. A. patula, L., var. hastata, Gray. 
 
 772. var. littoralis, Gray. 
 
 353 . CORISPERMUM, Ant. Juss. 
 
 773. C. hyssopifolium, L. 
 
 Rare. Shore of Niagara R., Buffalo; Lake shore, above Ft. 
 Erie, Ont. 
 
G5 
 
 Order 73. Amarantace/E. 
 
 354 . AMARANTUS, Tourn. 
 
 774. A. HYPOCHONDRIACUS, L. 
 
 775. A. RETROFLEXUS, L. 
 
 776. var. hybridus, Gray. 
 
 777. A. albus. L. 
 
 778. A. spinosus, L. 
 
 Rare. Along railroad tracks in the southeastern portion of Buf- 
 falo. Not lately seen. 
 
 Order 74. Polygonace/e. 
 
 355 . POLYGONUM, L. 
 
 779. P. ORIENTALE, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and escaped, Buffalo. 
 
 780. P. Pennsylvanicum, L. 
 
 781. P. incarnatum, Ell. 
 
 Rather rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo, Clinton ; Sul- 
 phur Spring, Cheektowaga, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 782. L. Persicaria, L. 
 
 783. L. Hydropiper, L. 
 
 784. P. acre, HBK. 
 
 785. P. hydropiperoides, Michx. 
 
 786. P. amphibium, L.. var. aquaticum, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R., Clinton. 
 
 7S7. var. terrestre, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo, Clinton; Pt. Abino, 
 Ont., Clinton; Strawberry Is., Niagara R., Clinton. 
 
 78S. P. Hartwrightii, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Niagara R , near the upper or new ferry to Grand Is., 
 Clinton; Pt. Abino, Ont., Clinton.. 
 
 7S9. P. Virginianum, L. 
 
 790. P. aviculare, L. 
 
 791. P. erectum, L. 
 
 792. P. arifolium, L. 
 
 793. P. sagittatum, L. 
 
 794. P. Convolvulus, L. 
 
 795. P. dumetorum, L. 
 
 356 . FAGOPYRUM, Tourn. 
 
 796. F. esculentum, Moench. 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. (9) APRIL, 1882. 
 
 
66 
 
 357- RUMEX, L. 
 
 797. R. orbiculatus, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Buffalo; Clinton. 
 
 798. R. Brittanica, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo, Clinton ; Smoke’s 
 Cr., W. Seneca, Erie Co., Clinton; Bay View, Hamburgh, 
 Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 799. R. verticillatus, L. 
 
 800. R. crispus, L. 
 
 801. R, obtusifolius, L. 
 
 802. R. Acetosella, L. 
 
 Order 75. Laurace/e. 
 
 358. SASSAFRAS, Nees. 
 
 803. S. officinale, Nees. 
 
 359. LINDERNA, Thunberg. 
 
 804. L. Benzoin, Meisner. 
 
 Order 76. Thymelacea:. 
 
 360. DIRCA, L. 
 
 805. D. palustris, L. 
 
 Order 77. El^eagnace^e. 
 
 361. SHEPHERDIA, Nutt. 
 
 806. S. Canadensis, Nutt. 
 
 Order 78. Santalace^e. 
 
 362. COMANDRA, Nutt. 
 
 807. C. umbellata, Nutt. 
 
 808. C. livida, Richardson. ? 
 
 It seems altogether likely that this is the species noticed in Ber- 
 gen Swamp, by J. A. Paine. 
 
 Order 79. Saururacea:. 
 
 363. SAURURUS, L. 
 
 809. S. cernuus, L. 
 
Order So. Ceratophyllace/e. 
 
 364 . CERATOPHVLLUM, L. 
 
 S10. C. demersum, L.. var. echinatum, Gray.' 
 
 Order 81. Callitriciiace/e. 
 
 365 . CALL IT RICHE, L. 
 
 811. C verna, L. 
 
 Order 82. Euphorbiace/e. 
 
 366 . EUPHORBIA, L. 
 
 812. E. polygonifolia, L. 
 
 818. E. maculata, L. 
 
 814. E. hypericifolia, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Track, of the L. S. & M.S. R. R., Buffalo; Silver 
 Creek, Chat. Co. 
 
 815. E. corollata, L. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 816. E. PLATYPHYLLA, L. 
 
 817. E. Helioscopia, L. 
 
 SI 8. E. Esula, L. 
 
 Rare. Shore of Niagara R., between Black Rock and Tona- 
 vvanda, John F. Cowell ; Attica, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 819. E. Cyparissias, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Escaped from cultivation in a few places. 
 
 820. E. Peplus, L. 
 
 Becoming a rather common garden weed, Buffalo. 
 
 821. E. Lathyris, L. 
 
 Rare. Silver Creek. Chat. Co., Clinton. 
 
 367 . ACALYPHA, L. 
 
 822. A. Virginica, L. 
 
 Order 83. Urticace/e. 
 
 368 . ULMUS, L. 
 
 823. U. fulva, Michx. 
 
 824. U. Americana, L. 
 
 825. U. racemosa, Thomas. 
 
 Very rare. A few specimens noticed in the northern portion of 
 Buffalo. A large tree in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
68 
 
 369 . MORUS. 
 
 820. M. rubra, L. 
 
 A few trees in the woods near the Whirlpool, Niagara R., 
 American side. 
 
 827. M. alba, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in some places, Buffalo. 
 
 370 . URTICA, Tourn. 
 
 828. U. gracilis, Ait. 
 
 829. U. dioica, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 371 . LAPORTEA, Gaudichaud. 
 
 830. L. Canadensis, Gaudichaud. 
 
 372 . PILEA, Lindl. 
 
 831. P. pumila. Gray. 
 
 373 . BGEHMERIA, Jacq. 
 832. B. cylindrica, Willd. 
 
 374 . CANNABIS, Tourn. 
 
 833. C. sativa, L. 
 
 375 . HUMULUS, L. 
 
 834. H. Lupulus, L. 
 
 Rare. Borders of Buffalo R., near Sulphur Springs, Cheekto- 
 waga, Erie Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 Order 84. Platanace^e. 
 
 376 . PLATANUS, L. 
 
 835. P. occidentalis, L. 
 
 Order 85. Juglandacea:. 
 
 377 . JUGLANS, L. 
 
 83G. J. cinerea, L. 
 
 837. J. nigra, L. 
 
 378 . CARYA, Nutt. 
 
 838. C. alba, Nutt. 
 
 839. C. tomentosa, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Tonawanda, Clinton. 
 
 840. C. porcina, Nutt. 
 
 841. C. amara, Nutt. 
 
69 
 
 Order 86. Cupuliferte. 
 
 379. QUERCUS, L. 
 
 84*2. Q. alba, L. 
 
 843. Q. obtusiloba, Michx. 
 
 544. Q. macrocarpa, Michx. 
 
 545. Q. bicolor, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Grand Is., Niagara R. 
 
 84G. Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. ( Q . Prinus, L., var. acuminata, Michx.) 
 Rare. Near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 847. Q. prinoides, Willd. ( Q . Prinus, L., var. humilis. Marsh.) 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 848. Q. coccinea, Wang. 
 
 849. Q. tinctoria, Bart. 
 
 850. Q. rubra, L. 
 
 851. Q. palustris, Du Roi. 
 
 380. CASTANEA, Tourn. 
 
 852. C. vesca, L., var. Americana, Michx. 
 
 381. FAGUS, Tourn. 
 
 853. F. ferruginea, Ait. 
 
 382. CORYLUS, Tourn. 
 
 S54. C. rostrata, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 383. OSTRYA, Micheli. 
 
 855. O. Virginica, Willd. 
 
 384. CARPINUS, L. 
 
 S5G. C. Americana, Michx. 
 
 Order 87. Myricacete. 
 
 385. MYRICA, L. 
 
 857. M. Gale, L. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 858. M. cerifera, L. 
 
 Rare. One or two specimens in the southeastern portion of 
 Buffalo. Sheldon, Gen. Co., Robert Had field ; Bergen Swamp, 
 Gen. Co. ; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 386. COMPTONIA, Solander. 
 
 859. C. asplenifolia, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Near Portage, Liv. Co., y. F. Cowell ; Jamestown, 
 Chat. Co.; Olean, Catt. Co., Clinton. 
 
70 
 
 Order 88. Betulacete. 
 
 387. BETULA, Tourn. 
 
 800. B. lenta, L. 
 
 861. B. lutea, Michx. f. 
 
 862. B. papyracea, Ait. 
 
 Rather rare. Goat Is., Niugara Falls; Youngstown, Niagara Co. 
 
 863. B. pumila, L. 
 
 Very rare. Tonawanda Swamp, Dr. C. M. Booth. 
 
 388. ALNUS, Tourn. 
 
 864. A. incana, Willd. 
 
 865. A. serrulata, Ait. 
 
 Very rare. A few specimens on Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 Order 89. Salicace 7 e. 
 
 389. SALIX, Tourn. 
 
 866. S. Candida, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Bergen, Gen. Co.; Caledonia, Liv. Co., Clinton. 
 
 867. S. tristis, Ait. ? 
 
 868. S. humilis, Marshall. 
 
 869. S. discolor, Muhl. 
 
 870. S. sericea, Marshall. 
 
 871. S. petiolaris, Smith. 
 
 872. S. purpurea, L. 
 
 873. S. cordata, Muhl. 
 
 874. S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, Gray. 
 
 875. S. lucida, Muhl. 
 
 876. S. nigra, Marsh. 
 
 • Squaw Is., Niagara R., and elsewhere. 
 
 877. s* fragilis, L. 
 
 878. S. alba, L. 
 
 879. S. longifolia, Muhl. ? 
 
 Rare. Ft. Abino, Ont 
 
 880. S. myrtilloides, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 390. POPULUS, Tourn. 
 
 881. P. alba, L. 
 
 In cultivation, and spreading by the root. 
 
 882. P. tremuloides, Michx. 
 
71 
 
 SS3. P. grandidenta, Michx. 
 
 884. P. monolifera, Ait. 
 
 Rather rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R.; near Ft. Erie, Ont., 
 Clinton. 
 
 8S5. P. angulata, Ait. ? 
 
 Found by J. A. Paine , at .Braddock’s Bay, Lake Ontario, Mon- 
 roe Co., and therefore probably within our territory. 
 
 886. P. balsamifera, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 
 The variety candicans, Gray, is common in cultivation, but prob- 
 ably not indigenous here. 
 
 8S7. p. DILATATA, L. 
 
 Common in cultivation and spreading by the root. 
 
72 
 
 Subclass II. GYMNOSPER M JE. 
 Order 90. Conifers. 
 
 391. PIN US, Tourn. 
 
 SS8. P. resinosa, Ait. 
 
 Rave. Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 889. P. Strobus, L. 
 
 392. TSUGA, Endl. 
 
 890. T. Canadensis, Carriere. ( Abies Canadensis , Michx.) 
 
 393. ABIES, Tourn. 
 
 891. A. balsamea, Marshall. 
 
 Rare. Collins, Erie Co. 
 
 394. PICEA, Link. 
 
 892. P. nigra, Link. 
 
 Rare. Port Colborne, Ont.; Machias, Catt. Co., Clinton. 
 
 395. LARIX, Tourn. 
 
 893. L. Americana, Michx. 
 
 396. THUJA, Tourn. 
 
 894. T. occidentalis, L. 
 
 . 397- JUNIPERUS, L. 
 
 895. J. communis, L. 
 
 Rare. Ft. Erie, Ont.; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 89G. J. Virginiana, L. 
 
 Rare. Pt. Abino, Ont.; Black Cr. , Ont.; Goat Is. and the 
 banks of Niagara R., below the Falls. 
 
 897. J. Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co.; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 398. TAXUS, Tourn. 
 
 898. T. baccata, L., var. Canadensis, Gray. 
 
Class II. ENDOGEN^:. 
 
 Order 91. ARACEiE. 
 
 399. ARIS/EMA, Martius. 
 
 S 99 . A. triphyllum, Torr. 
 
 900 . A. Dracontium, Schott. 
 
 Rare. Scajauquady’s Cr.. east of Main street, Buffalo; Sulphur 
 Spring, W. Seneca, Erie Co., Clinton ; Portage, Liv. Co., 
 Clinton ; Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 400. PELTANDRA, Raf. 
 
 901 . P. Virginica, Raf. 
 
 Rather rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo, along the lake 
 shore; Niagara Falls, Clinton ; Caledonia, Liv. Co., Clinton ; 
 Jamestown, Chat. Co. 
 
 401. CALLA, L. 
 
 902. C. palustris, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co.; Port Col- 
 borne, Ont.; Hanover, Chat. Co.; near Dayton, Catt. Co., 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 402. SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb. 
 
 903 . S. fcetidus, Salisb. 
 
 Formerly abundant in a ravine west of Delaware and south of 
 Virginia street, Buffalo. The station now built over. Tona- 
 wanda, Niag. Co., andTonawanda Is., Clinton; Machias, Catt. 
 Co. One plant seen near the L. S. & M. S. R. R. bridge, 
 where it crosses Buffalo R. 
 
 403. ACORUS, L. 
 
 904 . A. Calamus, L. 
 
 Order 92. Lemnace^e. 
 
 404 . LEMNA, L. 
 
 905. L. trisulca, L. 
 
 900. L. minor, L. 
 
 405. SPIRODELA, Schleiden. 
 
 907. S. polyrrhiza, Schleiden. 
 
 406. WOLFFIA, Horckel, Schleiden. 
 
 90S. W. Columbiana, Karsten. ? 
 
 Rare. Niagara R., near Grand Is., Prof. D. S. ICellicott. Pos- 
 sibly our plant may prove to be IV. Braziliensis , Karsten. 
 
 ( to) 
 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. 
 
 APRIL, 1882. 
 
74 
 
 Order 93. Typhacea-:. 
 
 407. TYPHA, Tourn. 
 
 009. T. Iatifolia, L. 
 
 010. T. angustifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. At Whirlpool, Niagara R., American side, Clinton. 
 
 408. SPARGANIUM, Tourn. 
 
 011. S. eurycarpum, Engetm. 
 
 9T2. S. simplex, Hudson, var. Nuttallii, Gray. 
 
 Rather rare. Squaw Is., Niagara R. 
 
 Order 94. Naiadace/e. 
 
 409. NAIAS, L. 
 
 013. N. flexilis, Rostk. 
 
 410. ZANNICHELL1A, Micheli. 
 
 914. Z. palustris, L. 
 
 In a pond near Ft. Porter, Buffalo; Niagara R., Clinton . 
 
 41 1. POTAMOGETON, Tourn. 
 
 915. P. natans, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Niagara R., near Strawberry Is., Clinton. 
 
 916. P. hybridus, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Black Cr. , Ont., Clinton. 
 
 917. P. gramineus, L., var. heterophyllus, Fries. 
 
 918. P. lucens, L. 
 
 Not common. Niagara R.; Lime Lake. Machias, Catt. Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 019. P. praelongus, Wulfen. 
 
 920. P. perfoliatus, L. 
 
 921. P. compressus, L. 
 
 922. P. Niagarensis, Tuckerman. 
 
 Rare. Rapids above Niagara Falls, Tuckerman .” (Gray’s 
 Manual.) Not detected by us. 
 
 923. P. pauciflorus, Pursh. 
 
 024. P. pusillus, L. 
 
 925. P. pectinatus, L. 
 
 926. P. Robbinsii, Oakes. 
 
 Order 95. Ali&mace^e. 
 
 412. TRIGLOCHIN. L. 
 
 927. T. palustre, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Lake shore, near Ft. Erie, Ont.; Strawberry Is., 
 Niagara R., Clinton. 
 
92S. T. maritimum, L., var. elatum, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Bergen, Gen. Co., J. A. Paine. 
 
 413. SCHEUCHZERIA, L. 
 
 929. S. palustris, L. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 414. ALISMA, L. 
 
 930. A. Plantago, L., var. Americanum, Gray. 
 
 415. SAGITTARIA, L. 
 
 931. S. variabilis, Engelm. 
 
 932. S. heterophylla, Pursh, var. rigida, Gray. 
 
 Order 96. Hydrocharidacea:. 
 
 416. ANACHARIS, Richard. 
 
 933. A. Canadensis, Planchon. 
 
 417. VALLISNERIA, Micheli. 
 
 931. V. spiralis, L. 
 
 Order 97. Orchidace/e. 
 
 418. ORCHIS, L. 
 
 935. O. spectabilis, L. 
 
 Rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co.; Williamsville, Erie Co. ; Ham- 
 burgh, Erie Co. 
 
 419. HABENARIA, Willd., R. Br. 
 
 93G. H. virescens, Spreng. 
 
 937. H. viridis, R. Br. var. bracteata, Reichenbach. 
 
 938. H. hyperborea, R. Br. 
 
 939. H. dilatata, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; Java, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 940. H. Hookeri, Torr. 
 
 Rather rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Tonawanda, 
 Erie Co. 
 
 941. H. orbiculata, Torr. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co.; W. 
 Seneca, Erie Co., J. F. Cowell ; Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 942. H. blephariglottis, Hook., var. holopetala, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
70 
 
 943. H. lacera, R. Br. 
 
 Seemingly rare, but perhaps overlooked. Woods east of Dela- 
 ware street and north of the Park, Buffalo. 
 
 944. H. psycodes, Gray. 
 
 945. H. peramoena, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Collins, Erie Co., J. F. Cowell ; Cassadaga Lake, Chat. 
 Co. 
 
 t 
 
 420. GOODYERA, R. Br. 
 
 946. G. repens, R. Br. 
 
 Rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo; Hanover, Chat Co.; 
 Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 947. G. pubescens, R. Br. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co., and else- 
 where. 
 
 421. SPIRANTHES, Richard. 
 
 948. S. latifolia, Torr. 
 
 949. S. Romanzoviana, Chamisso. ? 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 950. S. cernua, Richard. 
 
 951. S. gracilis, Bigelow. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 422. LISTERA, R. Br. 
 
 952. L. cordata, R. Br. 
 
 Rare. Spring Brook, Elma, Erie Co., D. S. Kellicott ; Angola, 
 Erie Co., Clinton ; “ Rock City/’ near Salamanca. Catt. Co. 
 
 423. ARETHUSA, Gronov. 
 
 953. A. bulbosa, L. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. ; Cassadaga Lake, Chat. Co., Clin- 
 ton ; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 424. POGONIA, Juss. 
 
 954. P. ophioglossoides, Nutt. 
 
 Rather rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 955. P. pendula, Lindl. 
 
 Very rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co., near Smoke’s Cr. Detected, 
 only by Junius S. Smith. 
 
 425. CALOPOGON, R. Br. 
 
 956. C. pulchellus, R. Br. 
 
 Rather rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; near Akron, Erie Co.; Ma- 
 chias, Catt. Co. 
 
426. CALYPSO, Salisb. 
 
 957. C. borealis, Salisb. 
 
 Very rare. A single plant noticed in Bergen Swamp, by Dr. 
 C. M. Booth. 
 
 427. MICROSTYLIS, Nutt. 
 
 95S. M. monophyllos, Lindl. 
 
 Rare. Machias. Catt. Co.; Bergen, Gen. Co., J. A. Paine. 
 
 428. LIPARIS, Richard. 
 
 959. L. lilifolia, Richard. 
 
 Very rare. Observed only in a wood near Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 960. L. Loesellii, Richard. 
 
 Rather rare. Strawberry Is., Niagara R., Clinton; Hamburgh. 
 Erie Co.; Machias, Catt. Co.; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., 
 J. A. Paine. 
 
 429. CORALLORRHIZA, Haller. 
 
 961. C. innata, R. Br. 
 
 Rare. Near Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co.; Cassadaga 
 Lake, Chat. Co. 
 
 962. C. multiflora, Nutt. 
 
 C. Macraei, Gray. 
 
 Attributed, by Gray’s Manual, to Caledonia Springs, Ont., which 
 brings the plant nearly within our territory. N ot detected by us. 
 
 430. APLECTRUM, Nutt. 
 
 963. A. hyemale, Nutt. 
 
 Rather rare. The Plains, Buffalo. Clinton; Smoke’s Cr. , W. 
 Seneca, Erie Co. ; near Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 431. CYPRIPEDIUM, L. 
 
 964. C. candidum, Muhl. 
 
 Very rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 965. C. parviflorum, Salisb. 
 
 966. C. pubescens, Willd. 
 
 967. C. spectabile, Swartz. 
 
 Rare. Formerly growing in the Sphagnous Swamp, excavated 
 to form ’‘The Lake” in Buffalo Park. Alden, Erie Co.; 
 Bergen, Gen. Co.; Salamanca, Catt. Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 968. C. acaule, Ait. 
 
 Rather rare. Hamburgh. Erie Co.; Eighteen-mile Cr., Evans, 
 Erie Co.; near Port Colborne, Ont.; Cassadaga Lake, Chat. 
 Co. 
 
78 
 
 Order 98. Irjdace^e. 
 
 432. IRIS, L. 
 
 969. I. versicolor, L. 
 
 433. PARDANTHUS, Ker. 
 
 970. P. Chinensis, Ker. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens, Buffalo. 
 
 434. SISYRINCHIUM, L. 
 
 971. S. Bermudiana, L. 
 
 Order 99. Dioscoreacete. 
 
 435. DIOSCOREA, Plumier. 
 
 972. D. villosa, L. 
 
 Rare. A single specimen observed in the woods east of I)ela 
 ware street and north of the Park, Buffalo; but said to occur 
 in considerable quantities, along Niagara R., between Blacl 
 Rock and Tonawanda, Erie Co., y. F. Cowell. 
 
 Order too. Smilace^e. 
 
 436. SMILAX, Tourn. 
 
 973. S. rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 974. S. hispida, Muhl. 
 
 975. S. herbacea, L. 
 
 Order ioi. Liliace/E. 
 
 437. TRILLIUM, L. 
 
 976. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. 
 
 977. T. erectum, L. 
 
 97S. var. album, Pursh. 
 
 979. T. erythrocarpum, Michx. 
 
 438. MEDEOLA, Gronov. 
 
 9S0. M. Virginica, L. 
 
 439. ZYGADENUS, Michx. 
 
 981. Z. glaucus, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 440. VERATRUM, Touin. 
 
 982. V. viride, Ait. 
 
79 
 
 441. CHAM.ELIRIUM, Willd. 
 
 0S3. C. luteum, Gray. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; in woods between Foster Flat and 
 Stanford Station, on the Canada Southern Railway, Ont. 
 
 442. TOFIELDIA, Hudson. 
 
 954. T. glutinosa, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp. Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 443. UVULARI A, L. 
 
 955. U. grandiflora, Smith. 
 
 980. U. perfoliata, L. 
 
 Rare. Eighteen-mile Cr., Evans, Erie Co. ; Silver Lake, Wvom. 
 Co., Clinton. 
 
 444. OAKESIA, Watson. 
 
 987. O. sessilifolia, Watson. (Uvularia sessilifolia, L.) 
 
 445. PROSARTES, Don. 
 
 988. P. lanuginosa, Don. 
 
 446. STREPTOPUS, Michx. 
 
 989. S. roseus, Michx. 
 
 447. CLINTON IA, Raf. 
 
 990. C. borealis, Raf. 
 
 Rather rare. Alden, Erie Co. ; Machias, Catt Co.; “Rock City,” 
 near Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 991. C. umbellata, Torr. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co.; “Rock City,” near Salamanca, 
 Catt. Co.; Bemus Pt., Chatauqua Lake. 
 
 448. SMILACINA, Desf. 
 
 992. S. racemosa, Desf. 
 
 993. S. stellata, Desf. 
 
 994. S. trifolia, Desf. 
 
 Rather rare. Black Cr. Swamp, Ont., Clinton ; Bergen, Gen. 
 Co.; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 995. S. bifolia, Ker. 
 
 449. POLYGONATUM, Tourn. 
 
 990. P. biflorum, Ell. 
 
 997. P. giganteum, Dietrich. 
 
 450. ASPARAGUS, L. 
 
 998. A. OFFICINALIS, L. 
 
 Frequently escaped; well established near Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
80 
 
 451. LILIUM, L. 
 
 999. L. Philadelphicum, L. 
 
 1000. L. Canadense, L. 
 
 1001. L. superbum, L. 
 
 452. ERYTHRONIUM, L. 
 
 1002. E. Americanum, Smith. 
 
 1003. E. albidum, Nutt. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; W. Seneca, Erie Co.; 
 Alden, Erie Co., Dr. Ernst Wenc/e. 
 
 453. ALLIUM, L. 
 
 1004. A. tricoccum, Ait. 
 
 1005. A. Canadense, Kalm. 
 
 454. HEMEROCALLIS, L. 
 
 1006. H. fulva, L, 
 
 Occasionally found as a garden outcast. Buffalo and elsewhere. 
 Order 102. Juncacea:. 
 
 455. LUZULA, DC. 
 
 1007. L. pilosa, Willd. 
 
 100S. L. campestris, DC. 
 
 456. JUNCUS, L. 
 
 1009. J. effusus, L. 
 
 1010. J. Balticus, Dethard. 
 
 Rather rare. Shore of Lake Erie, and Niagara R., Buffalo. 
 
 1011. J. bufonius, L. 
 
 1012. J. tenuis, Willd. 
 
 1013. J. articulatus, L. 
 
 1014. var. pelocarpus, Gray. (y. pelocarpus , E. Meyer.) 
 
 Avon, Liv. Co., Sartivell. 
 
 1015. J. acuminatus, Michx. 
 
 1016. var. debilis, Engelm. 
 
 1017. var. legitimus, Engelm. 
 
 1018. J. nodosus, L. 
 
 1019. var. megacephalus, Torr. 
 
 1020. J. Canadensis, J. Gay. 
 
 1021. var. coarctatus, Engelm. 
 
 Order 103. Pontederiacea:. 
 
 457. PONTEDERIA, L. 
 
 1022. P. cordata, L. 
 
81 
 
 458. SCHOLLERA, Schreber. 
 
 1023. S. graminea, Willd. 
 
 Order 104. Eriocaulonace/E. 
 
 459. ERIOCAULON, L. 
 
 1024. E. septangulare, Withering. 
 
 Rare. Chatauqua Lake, near Mayville. 
 
 Order 105. Cyperace/E. 
 
 460. CYPERUS, L. 
 
 1025. C. diandrus, Torr. 
 
 1026. var. castaneus, Torr. 
 
 1027. C. phymatodes, Muhl. 
 
 With us sometimes, if not always, diandrous. 
 
 1028. C. strigosus, L. 
 
 1029. C. Michauxianus, Schultes. 
 
 1030. C. Schweinitzii, Torr. 
 
 1031. C. filiculmis, Vahl. 
 
 461. DULICHIUM, Richard. 
 
 1032. D. spathaceum, Pers. 
 
 462. ELEOCH ARIS, R. Br. 
 
 1033. E. obtusa, Schultes. 
 
 1034. E. palustris, R. Br. 
 
 1035. E. rostellata, Torr. 
 
 Bergen Swamp. Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1036. E. tenuis, Schultes. 
 
 1037. E. acicularis, R. Br. 
 
 463. SCIRPUS, L. 
 
 1038. S. pauciflorus, L. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Gen. Co., on wet rocks near the Falls, Clinton; 
 Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., J. A. Paine. 
 
 1039. S. caespitosus, L. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1040. S. Clintonii, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Northeastern portion of Buffalo. 
 
 1041. S. planifolius, Muhl. 
 
 1042. S. pungens, Vahl. 
 
 1043. S. Torreyi, Olny. 
 
 Rather common on Strawberry Is.. Niagara R., Clinton; Ber- 
 gen Swamp, Gen. Co., J. A. Paine. 
 
 BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. ( 1 1 ) APRIL, 1882. 
 
 
82 
 
 1044. S. validus, Vahl. 
 
 1045. S. fluviatilis, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Southeastern portion of Buffalo, Clinton. 
 
 1046. S. sylvaticus, L. 
 
 1047. S. atrovirens, Muhl. 
 
 1048. S. lineatus, Michx. 
 
 1049. S. Eriophorum, Michx. 
 
 464. ERIOPHORUM, L. 
 
 1050. E. vaginatum,L. 
 
 Rare. Java Lake, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1051. E. Virginicum, L. 
 
 1052. E. polystachyon, L. 
 
 var. angustifolium, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1053. E. gracile, Koch. 
 
 Rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. ; Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 465. RHYNCOSPORA, Vahl. 
 
 1054. R. alba, Vahl. 
 
 Rather rare. Hanover, Chat. Co. 
 
 1055. R. capillacea, Torr. 
 
 Rare. Wind-mill Pt., Out.; Bergen Swamp. Gen. Co.. J. A. 
 Paine. 
 
 466. CLADIUM, P. Browne. 
 
 1056. C. mariscoides, Torr. 
 
 Rare. Near Port Colborne, Ont.; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., 
 Clinton. 
 
 467. SCLERIA, L. 
 
 1057. S. verticillata, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 468. CAREX. 
 
 1058. C. gynocrates, Wormskiold. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1059. C. pauciflora, Lightfoot. 
 
 Rare. Machias. Catt. Co., Clinton ; Cassadaga Lake, Chat. Co. 
 
 1060. C. polytrichoides, Muhl. 
 
 1061. C. bromoides, Schk. 
 
 1062. C. siccata, Dew. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1063. C. disticha, Iluds. 
 
83 
 
 1004. C. teretiuscula, Good, var. major., Koch. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1005. C. vulpinoidea, Michx. 
 
 1000. C. stipata, Muhl. 
 
 1007. C. sparganioides, Muhl. 
 
 1008. C. Muhlenbergii, Schk. 
 
 1009. C. rosea, Schk. 
 
 1070. C. retroflexa, Muhl. 
 
 1071. C. tenella, Schk. 
 
 Rather rare. Buffalo; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1072. C. trisperma, Dew. 
 
 Rather rare. Wheelbarrow Pt., Buffalo R., Clinton. 
 
 1073. C. tenuiflora, Wahl. 
 
 Rare. Near Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 1074. C. canescens, L. 
 
 1075. C. sterilis, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1070. C. stellulata, L. 
 
 1077. C. scoparia, Schk. 
 
 1078. C. cristata, Schw. 
 
 1079. C. straminea, Schk. 
 
 1080. C. aquatilis, Wahl. ? 
 
 1081. C. torta, Boott. 
 
 1082. C. stricta, Lam. 
 
 1083. C. crinita, Lam. 
 
 1084. C. limosa, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 1085. C. Buxbaumii, Wahl. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., J. A. Paine. 
 
 1080. C. aurea, Nutt. 
 
 Rather rare. Wind-mill Pt., Out., and elsewhere along the shore 
 of Lake Erie. 
 
 1087. C. vaginita, Tausch. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp. Gen. Co,, Clinton. 
 
 1088. C. Crawei, Dew. 
 
 Rare. Wind-mill Pt., Ont., Clinton ; Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., 
 J. A. Paine. 
 
 1089. C. granularis, Muhl. 
 
 1090. C. pallescens, L. 
 
 1091. C. grisea, Wahl. 
 
 1092. C. virescens, Muhl. 
 
 1093. C. triceps, Michx. 
 
84 
 
 1094. C. plantaginea, Lam. 
 
 1095. C. platyphylla, Carey. 
 
 1096. C. retrocurva, Dew. 
 
 1097. C. digitalis, Willd. 
 
 1098. C. laxiflora, Lam. 
 
 1099. var. plantaginea, Boott. 
 
 1100. C. Hitchcockiana, Dew. 
 
 1101. C. eburnea, Boott. 
 
 1102. C. pedunculata, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. Near Sulphur Springs, Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 1103. C. Novae-Angliae. Schw. 
 
 1104. C. Emmonsii, Dew. ? 
 
 1105. C. Pennsylvanica, Lam. 
 
 1106. C. pubescens, Muhl. 
 
 1107. C. miliacea, Muhl. 
 
 1108. C. scabrata, Schw. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co., Clinton . 
 
 1109. C. arctata, Boott. 
 
 1110. C. debilis, Michx. 
 
 1111. C. flava, L. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Batavia, Clinton. 
 
 1112. C. CEderi, Ehrh. 
 
 Rather rare. Wind-mill Pt. , Ont. ; Niagara Falls. 
 
 1113. C. filiformis, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Batavia. Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1114. C. lanuginosa, Michx. 
 
 1115. C. riparia, Curtis. 
 
 1116. C. trichocarpa, Muhl. 
 
 1117. C. comosa, Boott. 
 
 1118. C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L. 
 
 1119. C. hystricina, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1120. C. tentaculata, Muhl. 
 
 Rare. 'Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1121. C. intumescens, Rudge. 
 
 1122. C. Grayii, Carey. 
 
 Sheldon, Wyom. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1123. C. lupulina, Muhl. 
 
 1124. C. lupuliformis, Sartwell. 
 
 1125. C. folliculata, L. 
 
 1126. C. retrosa, Schw. 
 
 1127. C. utriculata, Boott. 
 
 1128. C. Tuckermani, Boott. 
 
 1129. C. oligosperma, Michx. 
 
Order 106. Gramine/e. 
 
 469. LEERSIA, Solander. 
 
 1130. L. Vlrginica, Willd. 
 
 1131. L. oryzoides, Swartz. 
 
 470. ZIZANIA, Gronov. 
 
 1132. L. aquatica, L. 
 
 471. ALOPECURUS, L. 
 
 1133. A. GENICULATUS, L. 
 
 1134. A. aristulatus. Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Near Port Colborne, Ont. 
 
 472. PHLEUM, L. 
 
 1135. P. PRATENSE, L. 
 
 473. VILFA, Adans., Beauv. 
 
 1136. V. vaginaeflora, Torr. 
 
 474. SPOROBOLUS, R. Br. 
 
 1137. S. cryptandrus, Gray. 
 
 475. AGROSTIS, L. 
 
 113S. A. perennans, Tuckerman. 
 
 Rather rare. Alabama Swamp, Gen. Co., Clinton. 
 
 1139. A. scabra, Willd. 
 
 1140. A. vulgaris, With. 
 
 1141. A. alba, L. 
 
 476. CINNA, L. 
 
 1142. C. arundinacea, L. 
 
 477. MUHLENBERGIA, Schreber. 
 
 1143. M. glomerata, Trin. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls, Clinton. 
 
 1144. M. Mexicana, Trin. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls, Clinton. 
 
 1145. M. sylvatica, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 1146. M. Willdenovii, Trin. 
 
 1147. M. diffusa, Schreber. 
 
 Whirlpool woods, Niagara R., Ont., Clinton ; Springville, E 
 Co., Clinton. 
 
 478. BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauv. 
 
 1148. B. aristatum, Beauv. 
 
 479. CAL AM AGROSTIS, Adans. 
 
 1149. C. Canadensis, Beauv. 
 
86 
 
 1150. C. arenaria, Roth. 
 
 Rare. Rose’s Pt., Ont., Clinton; Pt. Abino, Ont. 
 
 480. ORYZOPSIS, Michx. 
 
 1151. O. melanocarpa, Muhl. 
 
 1152. O. asperifolia, Michx. 
 
 481. SPARTINA, Schreber. 
 
 1153. S. cynosuriodes, Willd. 
 
 482. TRIPLASIS, Beauv. 
 
 1154. T. purpurea, Beauv. {Trie uspis purpurea. Gray.) 
 
 Found only along the shore of Lake Erie. 
 
 483. DACTYLIS, L. 
 
 1155. D. GLOMERATA, L. 
 
 484. CYNOSURUS, L. 
 
 1156. C. CRIST ATUS, L. 
 
 Introduced by means of ‘*Lawn Grass Seed.” Buffalo. Precari- 
 ous. 
 
 485. EATONIA, Raf. 
 
 1157. E. obtusata, Gray. 
 
 1158. E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. 
 
 486. MELICA, L. 
 
 1159. M. mutica, Walt. ? 
 
 Perhaps this grass has been confounded by us with another. 
 
 487. GLYCERIA, R. Br.. Trin. 
 
 1160. G. Canadensis, Trin. 
 
 1161. G. elongata, Trin. 
 
 1162. G. nervata, Trin. 
 
 1163. G. pallida, Trin. 
 
 1164. G. aquatica, Smith. 
 
 1165. G. fluitans, R. Br. 
 
 488. POA, L. 
 
 1166. P. annua, L. 
 
 1167. P. compressa, L. 
 
 1168. P. serotina, Ehrh. 
 
 1169. P. pratensis, L. 
 
 1170. P. trivialis, L. 
 
 1171. P. sylvestris, Gray. 
 
 1172. P. alsodes, Gray. 
 
 489. ERAGROSTIS, Beauv. 
 
 1173. E. po^eoides, Beauv., var. megastachya, Gray. 
 
 Rare. Near Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
87 
 
 490. FESTUCA, L. 
 
 1174. F. tenella, Willd. 
 
 Rare. Sand-dunes at Evans, Erie Co., Clinton. 
 
 1175. F. ovina, L., var. duriuscula, Gray. 
 
 1176. F. elatior, L. 
 
 1177 . F. nutans, Willd. 
 
 49t. BROMUS, L. 
 
 1178. B. SECALINUS, L. 
 
 1179. B. RACEMOSUS, L. 
 
 11 SO. B. MOLLIS. L. 
 
 Rare. In a lawn, Buffalo, Clinton. Hardly established. 
 
 1181 . B. Kalmii, Gray. 
 
 1182. B. ciliatus, L. 
 
 1183. var. purgans, Gray. 
 
 492. PHRAGMITES, Trin. 
 
 1184. P. communis, Trin. 
 
 Squaw Is., and other islands of Niagara R. 
 
 493. LOLIUM, L. 
 
 1185. L. PERENNE, L. 
 
 Rare. In lawns, Buffalo. 
 
 494. TRITICUM, L. 
 
 1186. T. repens, L. 
 
 1187. T. caninum, L. 
 
 495. HORDEUM, L. 
 
 11SS. H. jubatum, L. 
 
 Introduced. Buffalo. Hardly established. Silver Creek, Chat. 
 Co., E. S. Burgess. 
 
 496. ELYMUS, L. 
 
 11S9. E. Virginicus, L. 
 
 1190. E. Canadensis, L. 
 
 1191. E. striatus, Willd. 
 
 497. GYMNOSTICHUM. Schreb. 
 
 1192. G. Hystrix, Schreb. 
 
 498. DANTHONIA, DC. 
 
 1193 . D. spicata, Beauv. 
 
 499. AVENA, L. 
 
 1194. A. striata, Michx. 
 
88 
 
 500. AIRA, L. 
 
 1195. A. flexuosa, L. 
 
 1196. A. caespitosa, L. 
 
 Rai*e. Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co., Paine. 
 
 501. ARRHENATHERUM, Beauv. 
 
 1197. A. avenaceum, Beauv. 
 
 Rare. Port Abino, Ont. 
 
 502 . PHALARIS, LT 
 
 1198. P. Canariensis, L. 
 
 Accidental and precarious, Buffalo. 
 
 1199. P. arundinacea, L. 
 
 1200. M. effusum, L. 
 
 503. MILIUM, L. 
 
 504. PANICUM. 
 
 1201. P. glabrum, Gaudin. 
 
 1202. P. sanguinale, L. 
 
 1203. P. capillare, L. 
 
 1204. P. virgatum, L. 
 
 1205. P. latifolium, L. 
 
 1206. P. clandestinum, L. 
 
 1207. P. dichotomum, L. 
 
 1208. P. depauperatum, Muhl. 
 
 1209. P. Xalapense, ? 
 
 Rare. Northeastern portion of Buffalo, Clinton. Probably the 
 remnant of cultivation. 
 
 1210. P. Crus-galli, L. 
 
 1211. var. hispidum, Gray. 
 
 505. SETARIA, Beauv. 
 
 1212. S. glauca, Beauv. 
 
 1213. S. viridis, Beauv. 
 
 1214. S. Italica, Kunth. 
 
 506. ANDROPOGON, L. 
 
 1215. A. furcatus, Muhl. 
 
 1216. A. scoparius, Michx. 
 
 507. SORGHUM, Pers. 
 
 1217. S. nutans, Gray. 
 
Series II. CRYPTOGAMS 
 
 Class III. ACROGEN^E. 
 
 Order 107. Equisetace^e. 
 
 508. EQUISETUM, L. 
 
 1218. E. arvense, L. 
 
 1219. E. sylvaticum, L. 
 
 Rare. Near Sulphur Spring, Cheektovvaga, Erie Co. ; near 
 Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 1220. E. palustre, L. 
 
 Squaw Is., Niagara River. 
 
 1221. E. limosum, L. 
 
 Southeastern portion of Buffalo. 
 
 1222. E. hyemale, L. 
 
 1223. E. variegatum, Schleicher. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls. 
 
 1224. E. scirpoides, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool, Niagara River, Ont. 
 
 Order 108. Ophioglossace^e. 
 
 509. BOTRYCHIUM, Swartz. 
 
 1225. B. lanceolatum, Angstroem. 
 
 Rare. Cassadaga Lake, Chat. Co. 
 
 1226. B. Virginianum, Swartz. 
 
 1227. B. ternatum, Swartz, var. lunarioides, D. C. Eaton. 
 
 1228. var. dissectum, D. C. Eaton. 
 
 510. OPHIOGLOSSUM, L. 
 
 1229. O. vulgatum, L. 
 
 Rare. The Plains, Buffalo; near Smoke’s Creek, West Sen- 
 eca, Erie Co., Clinton; head of Grand Is., Niagara River, 
 Clinton ; Henrietta, Gen. Co., y. A. Paine . 
 
 Order 109. Filices. 
 
 511. POLYPODIUM, L. 
 
 1230. P. vulgare, L. 
 
 
90 
 
 1231. A. pedatum, L. 
 
 512. ADIANTUM, L. 
 
 513. PTERIS, L. 
 
 1232. P. aquilina, L. 
 
 Attaining at Machias, Catt. Co., the height of eight feet and 
 upwards. 
 
 514 . PELL/EA, Link. 
 
 1233. P. atropurpurea, Link. 
 
 Rare. Niagara River, at and below the Falls. 
 
 515. WOODWARDIA, Smith. 
 
 1234. W. Virginica, Smith. 
 
 Rare. Near “Counterfeiters’ Ledge,” Akron, Erie Co.; Cas- 
 sadaga, Chaut. Co. 
 
 516 . ASPLENIUM, L. 
 
 1235. A. Trichomanes, L. 
 
 1236. A. ebeneum, Ait. 
 
 Rare. Pt. Abino, Ont. ; Lewiston, Niag. Co. 
 
 1237. A. angustifolium, Michx. 
 
 Rather rare. Machias, Catt. Co.; Clear Cr., Catt. Co., and 
 elsewhere. 
 
 1238. A. thklypteroides, Michx. 
 
 1239. A. Filix-fcemina, Bernh. 
 
 517 . CAMPTOSORUS, Link. 
 
 1240. C. rhizophyllus, Link. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool woods and Foster’s Flat, Niagara River, 
 Canadian side. 
 
 518 . PHEGOPTERIS, Fee. 
 
 1241. P. polypodioides, Fee. 
 
 Rare. N. Collins, Erie Co. 
 
 1242. P. hexagonoptera, Fee. 
 
 Rather rare. W. Seneca, Erie Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 1243. P. Dryopteris, Fee. 
 
 Rare. Alden, Erie Co.; Devil’s Hole, Niagara River; Ma- 
 chias, Catt. Co. 
 
 519 . ASPIDIUM, Swartz. 
 
 1244. A. Thelypteris, Swartz. 
 
 1245. A. Noveboracense, Swartz. 
 
91 
 
 1246. A. spinulosum, Swartz. 
 
 1247. var. intermedium, Eaton. 
 
 1248. A. cristatum, Swartz. 
 
 1249. var. Clintonianum, Eaton. 
 
 Detected by Judge Clinton. Locality unrecorded. 
 
 1250. A. Goldianum, Hook. 
 
 1251. A. marginale, Swartz. 
 
 1252. A. acrostichoides, Swartz. 
 
 1253. var. incisum, Eaton. 
 
 Salamanca, Catt. Co., Clinton. 
 
 520 . CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. 
 
 1254. C. bulbifera, Bernh. 
 
 1255. C. fragilis, Bernh. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co.; near Youngstown, Niag. 
 Co. ; elsewhere not common. 
 
 521 . STRUTHIOPTERIS, Willd. 
 
 1256. S. Germanica, Willd. 
 
 522 . ONOCLEA, L. 
 
 1257. O. sensibilis, L. 
 
 523 . DICKSONIA, L’Her. 
 
 1258. D. pilosuiscula, Willd. (D. punctilobula, Kunze.) 
 
 Southern towns of Erie Co. 
 
 524 . OSMUNDA, L. 
 
 1259. O. regalis, L. 
 
 1260. O. Claytoniana, L. 
 
 1261. O. cinnamomea, L. 
 
 Order ho. Lycopodiace^e. 
 
 525 . LYCOPODIUM, L. 
 
 1262. L. lucidulum, Michx. 
 
 1263. L. annotinum, L. 
 
 1264. L. dendroideum, Michx. 
 
 1265. L. clavatum, L. 
 
 1266. L. complanatum, L. 
 

 92 
 
 Order hi. SelaginellaceTe. 
 
 526. SBLAGINELLA, Beauv. 
 
 1267. S. rupestris, Spring. 
 
 Rare. Cliffs of Niagara River, near the Devil’s Hole. 
 
 1268. S. Apus, Spring. 
 
 527. ISOETES, L. 
 
 1269. I. echinospora, Durieu, var. Braunii, Engelm. 
 
 Order 112. Salviniace^e. 
 
 528. AZOLLA, Lam. 
 
 1270. A. Caroliniana, Willd. 
 
 Rare Burnt Ship Bay, Grand Is., Niagara River, Clinton; 
 Niagara Falls, Dr. J. W. Robbins . 
 
93 
 
 Class IV. ANOGENiE. 
 
 Order 113. Musci. 
 
 529. SPHAGNUM, Ehrh. 
 
 1271. S. cymbifolium, Ehrh. 
 
 1272. S. squarrosum, Pers. 
 
 1273. S. cuspidatum, Ehrh. 
 
 Hamburgh, Erie Co. 
 
 1274. S. acutifolium, Ehrh. 
 
 530. PHASCUM, L. 
 
 1275. P. muticum, Schreb. 
 
 531. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. 
 
 1270. G. curvirostrum, Hedw. 
 
 Niagara Falls, near the American staircase. 
 
 532 WEISIA, Hedw. 
 
 1277. W. viridula, Brid. 
 
 On the edge of a stone quarry east of Forest Lawn Cemetery, 
 Buffalo. 
 
 533. SELIGERIA, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1278. S. recurvata, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Devil’s Hole, Niagara River; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 1279. S. calcarea, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Devil’s Hole, Niagara Co. 
 
 534. CAMPYLOPUS, Brid. 
 
 1280. C. viridis, Sulliv. and Lesq. 
 
 535. DICRANUM, Hedw. 
 
 1281. D. virens, Hedw. 
 
 1282. D. varium, Hedw. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Portage, Gen. Co. 
 
 1283. D. heteromalium, Hedw. 
 
 1284. D. montanum, Hedw. 
 
 “Goat Is., Niagara Falls, Lesquereux,” Sullivant. 
 
 1285. D. flagellare, Hedw. 
 
 1286. D. interruptum, Br. and Sch. 
 
94 
 
 1287. D. scoparium, Hedw. 
 
 Eighteen Mile Creek, Evans, Erie Co.; Corfu, Gen. Co. 
 
 1288. D. undulatum, Turn. 
 
 1289. D. palustre, Brid. 
 
 Rare. Whirlpool, Niagara River, American side. 
 
 536. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe. 
 
 1290. L. glaucum, L. 
 
 537- FISSIDENS, Hedw. 
 
 1291. F. minutulus, Sulliv. 
 
 1292. F. bryoides, Hedw. 
 
 In a green-house, Buffalo. 
 
 1293. F. taxifolius, Hedw. 
 
 Niagara Falls, Lesquereux. 
 
 1294. F. adiantoides, Hedw. 
 
 1295. F. grandifrons, Brid. 
 
 Niagara Falls, by the American staircase; Goat Is., at the 
 Cascade; Caledonia Creek, Liv. Co., where it grows sub- 
 merged. 
 
 538. CONOMITRIUM, Mont. 
 
 1296. C. Julianum, Mont. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 539. POTTIA, Ehrh. 
 
 1297. P. truncata, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 540. DESMATODON, Brid. 
 
 1298. D. arenaceus, Sulliv. and Lesq. 
 
 Rare. Devil’s Hole, Niagara River; Foster’s Flat, Niagara 
 River; Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 541. BARBULA, Hedw. 
 
 1299. B. unguiculata, Hedw. 
 
 Near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; Whirlpool, Niagara 
 River; Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 1300. B. caespitosa, Schwaegr. 
 
 1301. B. tortuosa, Web. and Mohr. m 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1302. B. mucronifolia, Schwaegr. 
 
 Devil’s Hole, Niagara River; Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
95 
 
 542. TRICHOSTOMUM, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1303. T. tortile, Schrad. 
 
 1304. T. pallidum, Hedw. 
 
 Near the “Forks,” Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 543. DIDYMODON, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1305. D. rubellus, Roth. 
 
 Goat Is., Niagara River. 
 
 130G. D. luridus, Hornsch. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls, on a dry rock near the shore, from one- 
 eighth to one-fourth of a mile below the American staircase. 
 
 “ This fine species was found by Drummond in 1818 at 
 “ Niagara Falls; but had not been detected since that time, 
 “until 1865, when it was re-discovered as shown above.” 
 C. H. Peck, in Reg. Rep., 1866. 
 
 544. CERATODON, Brid. 
 
 1307. C. purpureus, Brid. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 545. TETRAPHIS, Hedw. 
 
 1308. T. pellucida, Hedw. 
 
 Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, Erie Co. 
 
 546. ENCALYPTA, Schrad. 
 
 1309. E. streptocarpa, Hedw. 
 
 “ Counterfeiter’s Ledge,” Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 547. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. 
 
 1310. O. cupulatum, Hoff. 
 
 On beech trees, Rose’s Point, Ont. ; “Niagara Falls, Drum- 
 mond,” Sullivant. 
 
 1311. O. anomalum, Hedw. 
 
 Rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo; rocks and trees, 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1312. O. strangulatum, Beauv. 
 
 1313. O. Ohioense, Sull. and Lesq. 
 
 1314. O. affine, Schrad. 
 
 1315. O. leiocarpum, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1316. O. Hutchinsise, Hook and Tayl. 
 
 1317. O. Ludwigii, Schwaegr. 
 
 1318. O. crispum, Hedw. 
 
 Hall’s Station, Niagara Co. 
 
 1319. O. crispulum, Hornsch. 
 
 Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
96 
 
 548 . DRUMMONDIA, Hook. 
 
 1320. D. clavellata, Hook. 
 
 549 . SCHISTIDIUM, Schp. 
 
 1321. S. apocarpum, Hedw. 
 
 1322. S. confertum, Funk. 
 
 550 . HEDWIGIA, Ehrh. 
 
 1323. H. ciliata, Ehrh. 
 
 551 . APHANORHEGMA, Sulliv. 
 
 1324. A. serrata, Sulliv. 
 
 552 . PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. 
 
 1325. P. pyriforme, Brid. 
 
 553 . FUNARIA, Schreb. 
 
 1326. F. flavicans, Michx. 
 
 Rare. Buffalo. 
 
 1327. F. hygrometrica, Hedw. 
 
 1328. var. calvescens, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Wet, springy places, Buffalo. 
 
 554 . BARTRAMIA, Hedw. 
 
 1329. B. Muhlenbergii, Schwsegr. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1330. B. pomiformis, Hedw. 
 
 1331. B. CEderi, Swartz. 
 
 Akron, Erie Co. ; Devil’s Hole, Niagara River. 
 
 555 . BRYUM, Dill. 
 
 1332. B. acuminatum, Hoppe and Hornsch. 
 
 Very rare. “ Rock City,” near Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 1333. B. nutans, Schreb. 
 
 1334. B. Wahlenbergii, Schwaegr. 
 
 1335. B. pyriforme, L. 
 
 1336. B. intermedium, Brid. 
 
 Lockport, Niagara Co. 
 
 1337. B. bimum, Schreb. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1338. B. roseum, Schreb. 
 
 1339. B. capillare, Hedw. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
97 
 
 1340. B. cyclophyllum, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Caledonia Creek, near Seth Green’s, Liv. Co. 
 
 1341. B. turbinatum, Hedw. 
 
 Very rare. “Wet rocks, below Niagara Falls,” Sullivant. 
 
 1342. B. caespiticium, L. 
 
 1343. B. atropurpureum, Web. and Mohr. 
 
 Very rare. Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 556 . MNIUM, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1344. M. serratum, Brid. 
 
 Not common. Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 1345. M. lycopodioides, Hook. 
 
 1346. M. cuspidatum, Hedw. 
 
 1347. M. affine, Bland. 
 
 1348. M. spinulosum, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1349. M. rostratum, Schwaegr. 
 
 Devil’s Hole, Niagara River. 
 
 1350. M. punctatum, Hedw. 
 
 557 . AULACOMNION, Schwaegr. 
 
 1351. A. palustre, Schwaegr. 
 
 558 . TIMMIA, Hedw. 
 
 1352. T. megapolitana, Hedw. 
 
 Near Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo ; Pine Hill, Cheektowaga, 
 Erie Co. 
 
 559 . ATRICHUM, Beauv. 
 
 1353. A. undulatum, Beauv. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 1354. A. angustatum, Beauv. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 560 . POGONATUM, Beauv. 
 
 1355. P. brevicaule, Brid. 
 
 Boston, Erie Co. ; Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 561 . POLYTRICHUM, L. 
 
 1356. P. formosum, L. 
 
 1357. P. juniperinum, Hedw. 
 
 1358. P. commune, L. 
 
98 
 
 562 . FONTINALIS, Dill. 
 
 1359. F. antipyretica, L., var. gigantea, Sulliv. 
 
 Hall’s Station, Niagara Co. ; Salamanca, Catt. Co. 
 
 1360. F. Lescurii, Sulliv. ? 
 
 Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 563 . DICHELYMA, Myrin. 
 
 1361. D. capillaceum, Dill. 
 
 Angola, Erie Co. 
 
 564 . LEUCODON, Schwaegr. 
 
 1362. L. julaceus, Hedw. 
 
 565 . LEPTODON, Mohr. 
 
 1363. L. trichomitrion, Mohr. 
 
 566 . ANOMODON, Hook and Tayl. 
 
 1364. A. viticulosus, Hook and Tayl. 
 
 Niagara Falls ; Whirlpool, Niagara River, Canadian side. 
 
 1365. A. apiculatus, Br. and Sch. 
 
 Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 1366. A. obtusifolius, Br. and Sch. 
 
 1367. A. attenuatus, Hartm. 
 
 567 . LESKEA, Hedw. 
 
 1368. L. polycarpa, Ehrh. 
 
 1369. L. nervosa, Schwaegr. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1370. L. rostratra, Hedw. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 568 . THELIA, Sulliv. 
 
 1371. T. hirtella, Sulliv. 
 
 “The Plains,” Buffalo. 
 
 1372. T. asprella, Sulliv. 
 
 569 . PYLAIS^EA, Schp. 
 
 1373. P. intricata, Hedw. 
 
 1374. P. velutina, Schp. 
 
 570 . HOMALOTHECIUM, Schp. 
 
 1375. H. subcapillatum, Schp. 
 
 Devil’s Hole, Niagara River. 
 
99 
 
 57i. PLATYGYRIUM, Schp. 
 
 1376. P. repens, Brid. 
 
 572. CYLINDROTHECIUM, Schp, 
 
 1377. C. cladorrhizans, Hedw. 
 
 1378. C. seductrix, Hedw. 
 
 573. NECKERA, Hedw. 
 
 1379. N. pennata, Hedw. 
 
 574. CLIMACIUM, Web. and Mohr. 
 
 1380. C. Americanum, Brid. 
 
 1381. C. dendroides, Web. and Mohr. 
 
 575. HYPNUM, L. 
 
 1382. H. tamariscinum, Hedw. 
 
 1383. H. delicatulum, C. Mull. 
 
 1384. H. minutulum, Hedw. 
 
 1385. H. pygmaeum, Bryol. Europ. 
 
 Rare. Foster’s Flat, Niagara River, Ont. 
 
 1386. H. gracile, Bryol. Europ. 
 
 1387. H. abietinum, L. 
 
 Niagara Falls and the Whirlpool. 
 
 1388. H. triquetrum, L. 
 
 1389. B. Blandowii, Web. and Mohr. 
 
 Rare. Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 1390. H. brevirostre, Ehrh. 
 
 1391. H. splendens, Hedw. 
 
 1392. H. Alleghaniense, C. Mull. 
 
 Rare. Devil’s Hole, Niagara River. 
 
 1393. H. hians, Hedw. 
 
 1394. H. Sullivantii, Spruce. 
 
 1395. H. strigosum, Hoffm. 
 
 1396. H. diversifolium, Bryol. Europ. 
 
 Rare. Near Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 1397. H. serrulatum, Hedw. 
 
 1398. H. cylindricarpum, C. Mull. 
 
 1399. H. recurvans, Schwaegr. 
 
 1400. H. cuspidatum, L. 
 
 1401. H. Schreberi, Willd. 
 
 1402. H. cordifolium, Hedw. 
 
 1403. H. giganteum, Schp. 
 
 Caledonia Creek, Liv. Co. 
 
100 
 
 1404. H. uncinatum, Hedw. 
 
 1405. H. revolvens, Swartz. 
 
 Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co, ; Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
 1406. H. aduncum, Hedw.; var. giganteum, Bryol. Europ. 
 
 Big Bay, Strawberry Is., Niagara River. 
 
 1407. var. gracilescens. 
 
 Wet, marshy grounds, Buffalo. 
 
 1408. H. filicinum, L. 
 
 1409. H. Crista-Castrensis, L. 
 
 1410. H. molluscum, Hedw. 
 
 1411. H. imponens, Hedw. 
 
 1412. H. reptile, Michx. 
 
 1413. H. curvifolium, Hedw. 
 
 1414. H. Haldanianum, Grev. 
 
 1415. H. rugosum, Ehrh. 
 
 Rare. Niagara Falls; Whirlpool woods. 
 
 1416. H. nitens, Schreb. 
 
 1417. H. laetum, Brid. 
 
 1418. H. acuminatum, Beauv. 
 
 Rare. Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 1419. H. rutabulum, L. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 1420. H. plumosum, L. 
 
 1421. H. rivulare, Brch. 
 
 Rare. Devil’s Hole, Niagara River. 
 
 1422. H. stellatum, Schreb. 
 
 Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co. 
 
 1423. H. polymorphum, Brch. 
 
 1424. H. subtile, Hoffm. 
 
 Whirlpool woods. 
 
 1425. H. minutissimum, Sulliv. and Lesq. 
 
 “Counterfeiter’s Ledge,” Akron, Erie Co. 
 
 1426. H. Sprucei, Brch. 
 
 Goat Is., Niagara Falls, James . 
 
 1427. H. adnatum, Hedw. 
 
 1428. H. serpens, Hedw. 
 
 1429. H. radicale, Brid. 
 
 1430. H. orthocladon, Beauv. 
 
 1431. H. noterophilum, Sulliv. and Lesq. 
 
 Caledonia, Liv. Co. 
 
101 
 
 1432. H. riparium, Hedw. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, ErieCo. 
 
 1433. H. denticulatum, L. 
 
 1434. H. Muhlenbeckii, Bryol. Europ. 
 
 1435. H. cariosum, Sulliv. 
 
 Order 114. Hepatic^e. 
 
 576. RICCIA, Mich. 
 
 1436. R. natans, L. 
 
 Burnt Ship Bay, Grand Is., Niagara River. 
 
 1437. R. fluitans, L. 
 
 With R. fluitans. 
 
 1438. R. sorocarpa, Bisch. 
 
 Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo. 
 
 577. LUNULARIA, Mich. 
 
 1439. L. vulgaris, Mich. 
 
 Conservatories, Buffalo. 
 
 578. MARCHANTIA, L. 
 
 1440. M. polymorpha, L. 
 
 579. PREISSIA, Nees. 
 
 1441. P. commutata, Nees. 
 
 Niagara Falls, near the American staircase. 
 
 580. FEGETALLA, Raddi. 
 
 1442. F. conica, Corda. 
 
 Goat Is., Niagara Falls; Pt. Colborne, Ont.; Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 581. ANEURA, Dumortier. 
 
 1443. A. palmata, Nees. 
 
 582. PELLIA, Raddi. 
 
 1444. P. epiphylla, Nees. 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, W. Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 583. CHILOSCYPUS, Corda. 
 
 1445. C. polyanthos, Corda. 
 
 584. LOPHOCOLEA, Nees. 
 
 1446. L. heterophylla, Nees. 
 
 Portage, Gen. Co. 
 
102 
 
 585. SPHAGNCECETIS, Nees. 
 
 1447. S. communis, Nees. 
 
 Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 586. JUNGERMANNIA, L. 
 
 1448. J. curvifolia, Dickson. 
 
 1449. J. bicuspidata, L. 
 
 Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
 1450. J. Schraderi, Martius. 
 
 587. PLAGIOCHILA, Nees and Montague. 
 
 1451. P. poreloides, Lindenb. 
 
 Frenchman’s Creek, Ont. 
 
 588. FRULLANIA, Raddi. 
 
 1452. F. Eboracensis, Lehm. 
 
 589. MADOTHECA, Dumortier. 
 
 1453. M. platyphylla, Dumort. 
 
 590. RADULA, Nees. 
 
 1454. R. complanata, Dumort. 
 
 1455. R. pallens, Nees. ? 
 
 591. PTILIDIUM, Nees. 
 
 1456. P. ciliare, Nees. 
 
 592. TRICHOCOLEA, Nees. 
 
 1457. T. Tomentella, Nees. 
 
 Bergen Swamp, Gen. Co. ; Whirlpool, Ont. 
 
 593. MASTIGOBRYUM, Nees. 
 
 1458. M. tridenticulatum, Lindenb. 
 
 594. LEPIDOZIA, Nees. 
 
 1459. L. replans, Nees. 
 
103 
 
 Class V. THALLOGENyE. 
 Order ii 6. Lichenes. 
 
 595. RAMALINA, Ach. 
 
 1460. R. calicaris, Fr., var. fraxinea, Fr. 
 
 1461. var. farinacea, Fr. 
 
 596. CETRARIA, Ach. 
 
 1462. C. saepincola, Ach. 
 
 Lime Lake, Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 1463. C. ciliaris, Ach. 
 
 1464. C. lacunosa, Ach. 
 
 1465. C. glauca, Ach. 
 
 1466. C. Oakesiana, Tuck. 
 
 1467. C. juniperina, Ach. 
 
 Lime Lake, Machias, Catt. Co. 
 
 597. EVERNIA, Ach. 
 
 1468. E. furfuracea, Mann. 
 
 1469. E. prunastri, Ach. 
 
 598. USNEA, Ach. 
 
 1470. U. barbata, Fr. 
 
 1471. var. fiorida, Fr. 
 
 1472. var. hirta, Fr. 
 
 1473. var. rubiginea, Michx. 
 
 1474. var. dasypoga, Fr. 
 
 599. ALECTORIA, Nyl. 
 
 1475. A. jubata, Ach. 
 
 1476. var. chalybeiformis, Ach. 
 
 1477. var. implexa, Fr. 
 
 600. THELOSCHISTES, Tuck. 
 
 1478. T. parietinus, Norm., var. lychnea, Schr. 
 
 1479. var. polycarpus, Fr. 
 
 1480. T. chrysopthalmus, L. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1481. candelarius, Ach., var. stellata, Nyl. 
 
 601. PARMELIA, De Not. 
 
 1482. P. crinita, Ach. 
 
 1483. P. perforata, Ach. 
 
104 
 
 1484. P. perlata, Ach , var. olivitorum, Ach. 
 
 1485. P. tiliacea, Ach. 
 
 1486. P. Borreri, Turn., var. rudecta, Tuck. 
 
 1487. P. saxatilis, Fr. 
 
 1488. P. laevigata, Ach. 
 
 1489. P. pertusa, Schr. 
 
 1490. P. physodes, Ach., var. enteromorpha, Tuck. 
 
 1491. P. colpodes, Ach. 
 
 1492. P. caperata, Ach. 
 
 1493. P. conspersa, Ach. 
 
 1494. P. olivacea, Ach. 
 
 602 . PHYSCIA, Fr. 
 
 1495. P. ciliaris, Ach. var. angustata, Tuck. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1496. P. aquila, Nyl. var. detonsa, Tuck. 
 
 1497. P. pulverulenta, Nyl., var. pityrea, Fr. 
 
 1498. P. speciosa, Wulf., var. stellata, Tuck. 
 
 1499. var. hypoleuca, Ach. 
 
 1500. var. leucomela, (Escheo.) 
 
 1501. var. galactophylla, Tuck. 
 
 1502. P. stellaris, Nyl., var. aipola, Schr. 
 
 1503. var. astroidea, Tuck., tribacia, Fr. 
 
 1504. P. obscura, Nyl. 
 
 1505. var. ciliata, Tuck. 
 
 1506. var. erythrocardia, Tuck. 
 
 603 . PYXINE, Fr. 
 
 1507. P. cocoes, Nyl., var. sorediata, Tuck. 
 
 604 . STICTA, Delis. 
 
 1508. S. pulmonaria, Ach. 
 
 1509. S. glomerulifera, Delis. 
 
 605 . NEPHROMA, Ach. 
 
 1510. N. laevigatum, Ach., var. parile, Ach. 
 
 1511. N. tomentosum, Koerb. 
 
 1512. var. Helveticum, Schr. 
 
 606 . PELTIGERA, Fee. 
 
 1513. P. apthosa, Hoffm. 
 
 1514. P. canina,' Hoffm. 
 
 1515. P. polydactyla, Hoffm. 
 
 1516. P. rufescens, Hoffm. 
 
 1517. P. horizontalis, Hoffm. 
 
105 
 
 607. PANNARIA, Delis. 
 
 1513. P. 
 
 1519. P. 
 
 1520. P. 
 
 1521. P. 
 
 1522. P. 
 
 1523. P. 
 
 1524. P. 
 
 1525. E. 
 
 1526 . S. 
 
 1527. C. 
 
 1528. C. 
 
 1529. C. 
 
 1530. C. 
 
 1531. C. 
 
 1532. C. 
 
 1533. C. 
 
 1534. L. 
 
 1535. L. 
 
 1536. L. 
 
 1537. L. 
 
 1538. L. 
 
 1539. 
 
 1540. P. 
 
 1541. P. 
 
 1542. 
 
 1543. P. 
 
 1544. P. 
 
 lanuginosa, Koerb. 
 rubiginosa, Ach. 
 lurida, Nyl. 
 tryptophyila, Ach. 
 microphylla, Del. 
 leucosticta, Tuck, 
 nigra, Huds., Nyl. 
 
 6o8. EPHEBE, Fr. 
 
 Infertile. Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 609. SYNALLISSA, Tuck. 
 
 Infertile. Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 
 610. COLLEMA, (Hoff.) Fr. 
 
 pycnocarpum, Nyl. 
 cyrtaspis, Tuck, 
 microphyllum, Ach. 
 nigrescens, (Huds.) Ach 
 pulposum, (Bernh.) Ach. 
 limosum, (Ach.) Nyl. 
 flaccidum, Ach. 
 
 611. LEPTOGIUM, Fr. 
 
 lacerum, (Sw.) Fr. 
 pulchellum, (Ach.) Nyl. 
 tremelloides, (L. fil.) Fr. 
 chloromelum, Sw.) Nyl. 
 myochroum, (Ehrh.) Schaer. 
 
 var. saturninum, (Dicks.) Tuck. 
 
 612. PLACODIUM, (DC.) Naeg. and Hepp. 
 
 aurantiacum, (Lightf.) Naeg. 
 cerinum, (Hedw.) Naeg. 
 
 var. stillicidiorum, Ach. 
 rupestre, (Scop.) Nyl. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 vitellinum, (Ehrh.) Ach. 
 
106 
 
 613. LECANORA Ach. 
 
 1545. L. muralis, (Schreb.) Schaer. 
 
 1546. L. tartarea, Ach., var. arborea. 
 
 1547. L. subfusca, (L.) Ach. 
 
 1548. var. Hageni, Ach. 
 
 1549. var. nigrofusca, Tuck. 
 
 1550. L. Hageni, Ach. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 1551. L. albella, Ach., var. angulosa, Fr 
 
 1552. var. caesio-rubella, (Ach.) 
 
 1553. L. varia, (Ehrh.) Fr. 
 
 1554. L. cinerea, (L.) Sommf. 
 
 1555. L. verrucosa, (Ach.) Laur. 
 
 1556. L. cervina, (Pers.) Sommf. 
 
 1557. var. squamulosa, Fr. 
 
 1558. var. pruinosa, Ach. 
 
 1559. var. privigna, Ach. 
 
 1560. var. simplex, Koerb. 
 
 1561. var. clavus, DC. 
 
 614. RINODINA, Mass. 
 
 1562. R. sophodes, (Ach ) Moss., var. confragosa, Nyl. 
 
 1563. R. Ascociscana, Tuck. 
 
 1564. R. Bischoffii, (Hepp.) Koerb. 
 
 Williamsville, Erie Co. 
 
 1565. R. constans, Nyl. 
 
 1566. R. milliaria, Tuck. 
 
 615. PERTUSARIA, DC. 
 
 1567. P. pertusa, (L.) Ach. 
 
 1568. P. leioplaca, Ach. 
 
 1569. P. velata, (Turn.) Nyl. 
 
 1570. P. pustulata, Aug. 
 
 1571. P. globularis, Ach. 
 
 616. CONOTREMA, Tuck. 
 
 1572. C. urceolatum, Tuck. ♦ 
 
 617. GYALECTA, (Ach.) Anzi. 
 
 1573. G. lutea, Dicks. 
 
 1574. G. pineti, Schrad. 
 
 1575. G. cupularis, (Hedw.) Schser. 
 
107 
 
 6iS. URCEOLARIA, Flot. 
 
 1576. U. scruposa, Ach., var. bryophila, Ach. 
 
 1577. var. ochroleuca, Tuck. 
 
 619. MYRIANGIUM, Mont, and Berk. 
 
 1578. M. Curtissii, Mont, and Berk. 
 
 620. STEREOCAULON, Schreb. 
 
 1579. S. paschale, Laur. 
 
 621. CLADONIA, Hoffm. 
 
 1580. C. alcicornis, Fr. 
 
 1581. C. pyxidata, (L.) Fr. 
 
 1582. var. caespiticia, Nyl. 
 
 1583. C. cariosa, (Ach.) Spreng. 
 
 1584. C. fimbriata, (L.) Fr. 
 
 1585. C. gracilis, (L.) Fr. 
 
 1586. var. verticillata, Fr. 
 
 1587. var. symphicarpa, Tuck. 
 
 1588. C. mitrula, Tuck. 
 
 1589. C. furcata, (Huds.) Fr. 
 
 1590. var. crispata, Flk. 
 
 1591. var. cristata, Fr. 
 
 1592. var. racemosa, Flk. 
 
 1593. var. subulata, Flk. 
 
 1594. C. squamosa, Hoffm. 
 
 1595. C. rangiferina, Hoffm. 
 
 1596. var. sylvatica, L. 
 
 1597. var. alpestris, L. 
 
 1598. C. cornucopioides, Fr. 
 
 1599. C. macilenta, Hoffm. 
 
 1600. C. cristatella, Tuck. 
 
 622. BvEOMYCES, Pers. 
 
 1601. B. roseus, Pers. 
 
 623. BIATORA, Fr. 
 
 1602. B. Russellii, Tuck. 
 
 1603. B. coarctata, (Ach.) Th. Fr. 
 
 1604. B. viridescens, (Schrad.) Fr. 
 
 1605. B. sanguineo-atra, Fr. 
 
108 
 
 1606. B. exigua, (Chaub.) Fr. 
 
 1607. B. uliginosa, (Schrad.) Fr. 
 
 1608. B. atropurpurea, Mass. 
 
 1609. B. hypnophila, Turn. 
 
 1610. B. rubella, (Ehrh.) Rabenh. 
 
 1611. var. spadicea, Tuck. 
 
 1612. var. Schweinitzii, Tuck. 
 
 1613. var. incompta, Nyl. 
 
 1614. var. inundata, Fr. 
 
 1615. var. muscorum, Nyl. 
 
 1616. B. chlorantha, Tuck., var. saxicola, Willey. 
 
 624. HETEROTHECIUM, Flot. 
 
 1617. H. sanguinarium, (L.), Flot. 
 
 625. LECIDEA, Acb. 
 
 1618. L. albo-ccerulescens, Fr. 
 
 1619. L. contigua, Fr. 
 
 1620. L. enteroleuca, Ach. 
 
 1621. L. melancheima, Tuck. 
 
 1622. L. glaucospora, Tuck. 
 
 626. BUELLIA, De Not. 
 
 1623. B. atro-alba, (Flot.) 
 
 1624. var. chlorospora, Nyl. 
 
 1625. B. parasema, (Ach.) Koerb. 
 
 1626. B. dialyta, Nyl. 
 
 1627. B. myriocarpa, (DC.) Mudd. 
 
 1628. B. turgescens, Nyl. 
 
 1629. B. albo-atra, (Hoffm.) Nyl. 
 
 627. OPEGRAPHA, Ach. 
 
 1630. O. varia, (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 1631. O. viridis, Pers. 
 
 628. GRAPHIS, Ach. 
 
 1632. G. scripta, (L.) Ach. 
 
 629. LECANACTIS, Eschw. 
 
 1633. L. premnea, Ach. 
 
 1634. var. chloroconia, Tuck. 
 
 630. ARTHONIA, Ach. 
 
 1635. A. lecideela, Nyl. 
 
 1636. A. astroidea, (Ach.) Nyl. 
 
109 
 
 1637. A. punctiformis, Ach. 
 
 1638. A. spectabilis, Flot. 
 
 631. MYCOPORUM, Nyl. 
 
 1639. M. pycnocarpum, Nyl. 
 
 632. CALICIUM, Pers. 
 
 1640. C. brunneolum, Ach. 
 
 1641. C. curt um, Turn, and Borr. 
 
 1642. C. lenticulare, (Hoffm.) Ach. 
 
 1643. C. Curtissii, Tuck. 
 
 633. CONIOCYBE, Ach. 
 
 1644. C. furfuracea, (L.) Ach. 
 
 1645. C. pallida, (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 634. ENDOCARPON, Hedw. 
 
 1646. E. miniatum, (L.) Schser. 
 
 1647. E. arboreum, Schwein. 
 
 1648. E. hepaticum, Ach. 
 
 1649. E. pusillum, Hedw. 
 
 635. TRYPETHELIUM, Spreng. 
 
 1650. T. virens, Tuck. 
 
 636. SAGEDIA, Koerb. 
 
 1651. S. oxyspora, (Nyl.) Tuck. 
 
 637. STAUROTHELE, Norm. 
 
 1652. S. Drummondii, Tuck. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 638. VERRUCARIA, Pers. 
 
 1653. V. papillosa, (Ach.} Koerb. 
 
 1654. V. margacea, (Wahl.) Nyl. 
 
 1655. V. nigrescens, Pers. 
 
 1656. V. virens, Nyl. 
 
 1657. V. muralis, Ach. 
 
 1658. V. pyrenophora, (Ach.) Nyl. 
 
 639. PYRENULA, Ach. 
 
 1659. P. thelaena, (Ach.) Tuck. 
 
 1660. P. punctiformis, (Ach.) Naeg. 
 
 1661. P. gemmata, (Ach.) Naeg. 
 
 1662. P. leucoplaca, (Wallr.) Koerb. 
 
 1663. P. nitida, Ach. 
 
110 
 
 Order i i 6. Fungi. 
 
 BY CHAS. H. PECK, STATE BOTANIST. 
 
 The following list of Fungi is based upon specimens collected by Hon. 
 George W. Clinton and identified chiefly by me. Many of the species are 
 represented in the Herbarium of the State Cabinet of Natural History by speci- 
 mens contributed by Judge Clinton, and have been specially noticed in the 
 Annual Reports of the Regents of the University on the condition of the Cab- 
 inet. In view of this fact references are given to places in those Reports where 
 the species have been mentioned. 
 
 The rapid progress made in the development of mycological science within 
 the few years just past requires numerous changes in nomenclature. The sy- 
 nonymy incident to the changes, and, in a few instances, to errors of identifica- 
 tion, has been given in the list and in a few cases extended even beyond its 
 connection with the Reports mentioned. C. H. P. 
 
 Sub-order i. HYMENOMYCETES. 
 
 640. AGARICUS, L. 
 
 § 1. AMANITA , Fr. 
 
 1664. A. vaginatus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 69. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1665. A. phalloides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 69. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 § 2. LET IOTA , Fr. 
 
 1666. A. procerus, Scop, Reg. Rep. 23, p. 71. 
 
 Woods and fields. 
 
 1667. A. Friesii, Lasch. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 49. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1668. A. acutesquamosus, Weinm. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 71. 
 
 In a grapery. In the second edition of Epicrisis, Fries makes 
 this a subspecies of the preceding, and indeed the American 
 specimens of the two forms run suspiciously near to each 
 other. 
 
 1669. A. cristatus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 72. 
 
 In a grapery, Feb. and March. 
 
 1670. A. Americanus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 71. 
 
 Grassy ground, rarely on stumps. 
 
 1671. A. cepaestipes, Sow. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 92. 
 
 Tan bark in Hon. William G. Fargo’s greenhouse. 
 
 1672. var. luteus, Fr. 
 
 With the typical form. 
 
Ill 
 
 1673 . A. granulosus, ^Batsch. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 72 : ibid. 24, p. 102. 
 
 Woods and open places. The forms A. carchai-ias and A. 
 amianthinus , which in the first edition of Epicrisis are given 
 as subspecies of A. granulosus , in the second, are raised to 
 the rank of species. The latter occurs in the eastern and 
 northern parts of the State and will probably be found in 
 the western part also. 
 
 1674 . A. naucinoides, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 66. (A. naucinus, Fr. Reg. 
 
 Rep. 23, p. 72.) 
 
 Fields and grassy places. 
 
 § 3 . A R MILL A RIA , Fr. 
 
 1675 . A. melleus, Vahl. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 73. 
 
 Woods and fields, especially about stumps. 
 
 § 4 . TR/CHOLOMA, Fr. 
 
 1676 . A. variegatus, Scop. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 74. 
 
 Woods and pastures, about stumps. 
 
 1677 . A. multipunctus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 73. 
 
 Old logs in woods. 
 
 1678 . A. personatus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 75. 
 
 Woods and pastures. 
 
 § 5 . CLITOCYBE , Fr. 
 
 1679 . A. nebularis, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 76. 
 
 Pine woods. 
 
 1680 . A. clavipes, Pers. (A. carinosior , Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 76. C. pinus , 
 
 Frost, Cat. and Ms.) 
 
 Pine woods. 
 
 1681 . A. Adirondackenis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 77. 
 
 Fallen leaves in woods. 
 
 1682 . A. Poculum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 77. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. This scarcely differs from A. 
 cyathiformis , Fr., except in not having the stem “ fibrillose- 
 reticulated; ” but as that is given as an essential mark of the 
 species, it seems best to consider the American plant distinct. 
 
 1683 . A. infundibuliformis, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 76. 
 
 Pine woods, etc. 
 
 1684 . A. metachrous, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 78. 
 
 Pine woods. 
 
 1685 . A. illudens, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 77. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
112 
 
 1686 . A. laccatus, Scop. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 77 : ibid. 31, p. 54. 
 
 Damp woods and open places. An extremely variable species. 
 Small forms are very unlike the large ones in appearance, 
 but intermediate forms connect them too closely for specific 
 separation. Large forms sometimes approach very near the 
 next species. In both the lamellae are not infrequently as 
 distinctly emarginate as in species of Tricholoma. 
 
 1687 . A. ochropurpureus, Berk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 77: ibid, 31, p. 34. 
 
 Thin woods and open places. 
 
 § 6. COLLYBIA, Fr. 
 
 1688 . A. radicatus, Relh. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 79. 
 
 Woods, especially of beech. 
 
 1689 . A. platyphyllus, Pers. (A. hordus , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 25, p. 73. 
 
 Woods, especially about stumps and logs. 
 
 1690 . A. velutipes, Curt Reg. Rep. 23, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
 1691 . A. dryophilus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 79. 
 
 Woods, groves and pastures. 
 
 1692 . A. myriadophyllus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 75. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. 
 
 1693 . A. cirrhatus, Schum. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 80. 
 
 Vegetable mold and decaying fungi. 
 
 1694 . A. tuberosus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 80. 
 
 Vegetable mold and decaying fungi. 
 
 § 7 . MYCENA , Fr. 
 
 1695 . A. purus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 82. 
 
 Pine woods. 
 
 1696 . A. galericulatus, Scop. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood and ground in woods or damp places. 
 
 1697 . A. epipterygius, Scop. Reg. Rep. 23, p 83. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1698 . A. Leaianus, Berk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying beech logs and branches. 
 
 1699 . A. leptophyllus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 63. 
 
 Mossy logs in woods. 
 
 1700 . A. subincarnatus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 83. 
 
 Under pine trees. 
 
 1701 . A. corticola, Schum. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 84. 
 
 Mossy trunks of living elm, chestnut and apple trees. This 
 fungus revives on the application of moisture, thereby indi- 
 cating an affinity with species of Marasmius. 
 
113 
 
 § 8. OM PH ALIA. Fr. 
 
 1702 . A. Campanella, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 23, p 85. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods and open places. 
 
 1703. A. Fibula. Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 86. 
 
 Mossy ground in woods and old fields. 
 
 1704 . A. gracillimus, Weinm. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 76. 
 
 Fallen leaves and twigs in woods. 
 
 § 9 . PLEUROTUS, Fr. 
 
 1705 . A. sapidus, Kalchbr. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 38. 
 
 Decaying wood, stumps and trunks of trees. The spores ot 
 this fungus are lilac-tinted when caught on white paper, but 
 on a dark back-ground they appear sordid-white. The 
 spores of A. ostreatus are said to be white. It is probable 
 that these species are frequently confused. I am not sure 
 that we have the true white-spored A . ostreatus. 
 
 1706 . A. salignus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 77. 
 
 Mossy base of trees. 
 
 1707 . A. petaloides, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 77. 
 
 Old logs and stumps. 
 
 1708. A. serotinus, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 54. (P. serotinoides, Pk.^ 
 
 Reg. Rep. 23, p. 86. 
 
 Old logs in woods. This is a mere form of the preceding 
 species, differing chiefly in wanting the squamulose points on 
 the stem. 
 
 1709 . A. porrigens, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 64. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. 
 
 1710 . A. nidulans, Pers. {Panus dorsalis , Bose.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81; 30, 
 
 p. 71. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. A. nidulans , Pers., and Panus 
 dorsalis , Bose., have evidently been confused, if indeed they 
 are really distinct species. The specimen of “ Panus dor- 
 salis , Bose.” in Ravenel’s Fung. Car. Exsic. II, No. 13, is 
 clearly not distinct from A. nidulans , Pers. Our specimens 
 have the beautiful incarnate-colored spores attributed by 
 Fries to A. nidulans. 
 
 1711 . A. atrocaeruleus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 77. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1712 . A. applicatu6, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 78. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1713 . A. striatulus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 39. 
 
 Decaying pine wood. 
 
114 
 
 § 10. VO LV ARIA, Fr. 
 
 1714. A. bombycinus, Schaeff. 
 
 Dead spots in maple trees. 
 
 § 11. P LUTE US, Fr. 
 
 1715. A. cervinus, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 87. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
 1716. A. admirabilis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 64. 
 
 Old logs in woods. 
 
 § 12. ENTOLOMA , Fr. 
 
 1717. A. Grayanus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 64. 
 
 § 13. CLITOPILUS , Fr. 
 
 1718. A. abortivus, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 66. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 § 14. LEPTONIA, Fr. 
 
 1719. A. asprellus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 66. 
 
 Swamps and sphagnous marshes. 
 
 § 15. CLAUDOPUS , Sm. 
 
 1720. A. variabilis, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 69. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 16. PHOLIOTA, Fr, 
 
 1721. A. adiposus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 90. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1722. A. squarrosus, Mull. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 67. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 17. HEBELOMA , Fr. 
 
 1723. A. communis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 106: ibid. 30, p. 70. 
 
 Woods and open places. 
 
 § 18. INOCYBE, Fr. 
 
 1724. A. subochraceus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 95. 
 
 Groves and open places. 
 
 1725. A. Colvinii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 49. 
 
 Sandy beach of the lake. 
 
 § 19. FLAM MU LA , Fr. 
 
 1726. A. spumosus, Fr. (A. polycbrous, Berk.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 91. 
 
 Pastures, fields and borders of woods. 
 
 §20. NAUCORLA, Fr. 
 
 1727. A. semiorbicularis, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 93. 
 
 Woods and fields. 
 
 1728. A. autumnalis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 92. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. 
 
115 
 
 § 21 . G A LERA, Fr. 
 
 1729 . A. sphagnorum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 94. 
 
 Sphagnous marshes. 
 
 § 22 . C REP ID OTUS, Fr. 
 
 1730 . A. dorsalis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 69. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1731 . A. fulvotomentosus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 57. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 23 . PSA LL/OTA, Fr. 
 
 1732 . A. silvaticus, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 59: ibid. 28, p. 85. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 § 24 . STROPHARIA , Fr. 
 
 1733 . A. semiglobatus, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 98. 
 
 Dung and mushroom beds. 
 
 § 25 . HYPHOLOMA , Fr. 
 
 1734 . A. sublateritius, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 54. (A. perplexus , Pk. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 23, p. 99.) 
 
 Old logs and stumps. The differences between^. sublateritius 
 and A . perplexus are so slight that it seems best to unite 
 them. 
 
 1735 . A. appendiculatus, Bull. (A. cernuus. Mull.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 100. 
 
 Decaying wood in woods and open places. 
 
 1736 . A. incertus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 40. 
 
 Copses and grassy places. 
 
 § 26 . PA NAl OL U S, Fr. 
 
 1737 . A. campanulatus, L. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 102. 
 
 Dung heaps. 
 
 1738 . A. papilionaceus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 101. 
 
 Dung heaps and rich soil. 
 
 641. COPRINUS, Fr. 
 
 1739 . C. comatus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 103. 
 
 Rich or manured ground. 
 
 1740 . C. atramentarius, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 79: ibid. 24, p. 102. 
 
 Rich or manured ground. 
 
 1741 . C. tomentosus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 104. 
 
 Dung heaps. 
 
 1742 . C. semilanatus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 71. 
 
 Dung heaps and rich ground. 
 
 1743 . C. niveus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 104. 
 
 Dung heaps. 
 
116 
 
 1744 . C. micaceus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 104. 
 
 On and about old stumps. 
 
 642. CORTINARIUS, Fr. 
 
 1745 . C. vernalis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 112. 
 
 Wet ground in woods and pastures. 
 
 643. PAXILLUS, Fr. 
 
 1746 . P. atrotomentosus, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying logs and stumps in woods. 
 
 1747. P. porosus, Berk, 
 
 Ground and decaying wood. 
 
 644. HYGROPHORUS, Fr. 
 
 1748 . H. ceraceus, Wulf. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 113. 
 
 Open woods. 
 
 1749 . H. miniatus, Fr. 
 
 Woods and swamps. I suspect that H. congelatus, Reg. Rep. 
 23, p. 1 14, is a mere form of this species. 
 
 1750. H. eburneus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 26 , p. 64 . 
 
 Open woods. 
 
 645. LACTARIUS, Fr. 
 
 1751 . L. volemus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 116. 
 
 Woods and open places. Fries and other continental authors 
 write the specific name “ volemus,” but some English authors 
 write it “ volemum.” 
 
 1752 . L. camphoratus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 117. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 646. CANTHARELLUS, Adans. 
 
 1753 . C. cibarius, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 122. 
 
 Woods and grassy places. 
 
 1754 . C. aurantiacus, Wulf. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 123. 
 
 Damp woods. 
 
 1755 . C. floccosus, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 122. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1756 . C. minor, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 122. 
 
 Thin woods. 
 
 647. MARASMIUS, Fr. 
 
 1757 . M. oreades, Bolt. Reg Rep. 23, p. 124. 
 
 Grassy fields, roadsides, etc. 
 
117 
 
 1758 . M. archyropus, Pers. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1759 . M. erythropus, Fr. (M. plane us, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 125. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1760 . M. rotula, Scop. Reg. Rep 23, p. 125. 
 
 Dead leaves and sticks. 
 
 1761 . M. campanulatus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 126. 
 
 Dead leaves and sticks. This may be only a form of M. 
 siccus, Schw., from which, if we may rely on Schweinitz’s 
 description, it differs in its smaller size, paler stem and not 
 venose lamellae. 
 
 1762 . M. subvenosus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 128. 
 
 Fallen leaves of poplar. 
 
 1763 . M. resinosus, Pk. ( M . decurrens , Pk.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 77. 
 
 Fallen leaves and ground. The name M. decurrens , being pre- 
 occupied, M. resinosus is applied to our plant instead of it. 
 
 1764 . M. elongatipes, Pk. (M. longipes, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 66. 
 
 Fallen leaves in woods. M. longipes having been previously 
 employed in connection with another species, M. elongatipes 
 is substituted as the name of our plant. 
 
 1765 . M. caespitosus, Pk. Rep. Rep. 26, p. 65. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
 1766 . M. minutulus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 97. 
 
 Dead ash leaves. 
 
 648. LENTINUS, Fr. 
 
 1767 . L. lepideus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 126. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
 1768 . L. Lecomtei, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 80: ibid. 24, p. 103. 
 
 Decaying wood and stumps. 
 
 1769 . L. vulpinus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 80. 
 
 Trunks of ash trees. 
 
 649. PANUS, Fr. 
 
 1770 . P. stypticus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1771 . P. operculatus, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 97: ibid. 30, p. 71. 
 
 Dead bark of alders, etc. 
 
 650. TROGIA, Fr. 
 
 1772 . T. crispa, Pers. ( Cantharellus crispus, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 80: 23, p. 
 
 123. 
 
 Dead trunks, stumps and branches. 
 
118 
 
 1773 . T alni, Pk. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 54. {Plicatura alni, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 
 
 24, p. 76. 
 
 Dead alders. Meruluis niveus , Fr. , ( Epicrisis , Edition II, p. 
 592,) is probably the same species, but its affinity appears to 
 me to be with species of Trogia rather than with those of 
 
 Merulius. 
 
 651. LENZITES, Fr. 
 
 1774 . L. betulina, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1775 . L. sepiaria, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood. Z. sepiaria usually occurs on trunks of 
 acerose trees and Z. vialis on trunks of frondose trees, but 
 sometimes both depart from their usual habitat. 
 
 1776 . L vialis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 67. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 652. SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr. 
 
 1777 . S. commune, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood and branches. 
 
 653. BOLETUS, Fr. 
 
 1778 . B. luteus, L. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 128. 
 
 Sandy Soil. 
 
 1779 . B. flavidus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 129. 
 
 Woods and open places. 
 
 1780 . B. strobilaceus, Scop. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 132. 
 
 Woods and open places. 
 
 654. POLYPORUS, Fr. 
 
 § 1 . ME SO PUS. 
 
 1781 . P. ovinus, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 81. 
 
 Pine woods. 
 
 1782 . P. brumalis, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1783 . P. perennis, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Woods and open places. 
 
 1784 . P. Morgani, Frost Ms. 
 
 Woods. 
 
119 
 
 § 2 . PLEUROPUS. 
 
 1785 . P. picipes, Fr. Reg Rep. 25, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1786 . P. lucidus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22. p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood of hemlock. 
 
 § 3 . ME R ISM A. 
 
 1787 . P. giganteus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Base of trees. 
 
 1788 . P. frondosus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 78. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1789 . P. sulfureus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 • Decaying wood. 
 
 § 4 . A PUS. 
 
 1790. P. lacteus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Old logs. 
 
 1791 . P. caesius, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood and shrubs. 
 
 1792 . P. gilvus, Schw. Reg. Red. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood 
 
 1793 . P. fumosus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1794 . P. adustus, Willd. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1795 . P. nigropurpurascens, Schw. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 75. 
 
 Decaying wood. Glceoporus nigropurpurascens , Schw. (Rep. 
 22, p. 84) and Glceoporus conchoides, Mont., are other names 
 of this species. 
 
 1796 . P. pubescens, Fr. (P. Sullivantii, Mont.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1797 . P. resinosus, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. ( P . rubiginosus , Schrad. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1798 . P. albellus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p 45. 
 
 Decaying wood of birch. 
 
 1799 . P. betulinus, Bull. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood of birch. 
 
 1800 . P. applanatus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1801 . P. fomentarius, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
120 
 
 1802 . P. igniarius, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1808 . P. conchatus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying ash wood. 
 
 1804 . P. salicinus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 52. 
 
 Decaying birch wood. 
 
 1805 . P. marginatus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1800 . P. cinnabarinus, Jacq. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83, 
 
 Decaying wood. This species and Polyporus perennis are 
 referred by some mycologists to the genus Trametes. 
 
 1807 . P. biformis, Klotsch. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. ( P . Caroliniensis , B. and 
 
 G., Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83 ) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1808 . P. hirsutus, Wulf. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1809 . P. abietinus, Dicks. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood of acerose trees. 
 
 1810 . P. pergamenus, Fr. ( P . laceratus, Berk., Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84: P. 
 
 elongatus, Berk., Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1811 . P. versicolor, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1812 . P. conchifer, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 69. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1813 . P. virgineus, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1814 . P. scutellatus, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood of alder and witch hazel. 
 
 1415 . P. vulgaris, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1816 . P. Gordoniensis, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 70. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1817 . P. vaporarius, Pers. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1818 . P. Vaillantii, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1819 . P. salviae, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
121 
 
 1820. P. vesiculosus, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1821. P. callosus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 46. 
 
 Decaying wood 
 
 1822. P. obducena, Pers, Reg. Rep. 30, p. 46. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1823. P. induratus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 37. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1824. P. farinellus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 46. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1825. P. nitidus, Fr. (P. Armeniacus, Berk.) Reg. Reg. 26, p. 70. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1826. P. ferruginosus, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 70. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1827. P. incarnatus, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1828. P. rhodellus, Fr. 
 
 Decaying Wood. 
 
 1829. P. attenuatus, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26. p. 70. 
 
 Decaying wood. This scarcely differs from the preceding 
 except in its smaller pores. It is perhaps a mere variety. 
 
 655. TRAMETES, Fr. 
 
 1830. T. mollis, Sommf. ( Hexagona carbonaria, B. and C.) Reg. Rep. 26. 
 
 p. 70. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 656. D^EDALEA, Fr. 
 
 1831. D. unicolor, Fr. ( D . cinerea , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1832. D confragosa, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Lenzites Cratcegi , Berk., (Report 22, p. 81) and Trametes ru- 
 bescens , A. and S., are regarded as mere varieties of this 
 fungus. See Report 30, pp. 71-74. 
 
 657. FAVOLUS, Fr. 
 
 1833. F. canadensis, Klotsch. {F. Europccus, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 52, Polyp- 
 
 orus Boncheanus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82 ; 26, p. 90. 
 
 Dead branches of Hickory and beech. For the identification 
 of our specimens I am indebted to the Rev. C. Kalchbrenner, 
 
122 
 
 the eminent mycologist of Hungary. The species is vari- 
 able (see Report 26, p. 90), and the American forms have 
 been generally referred to Favolus Europceus and Polyporus 
 Boncheanus. Under the former name it has recently been 
 distributed by Mr. Ellis in N. A. Fungi Exsiccati, Cent. VII, 
 No, 604. 
 
 658. MERULIUS, Fr. 
 
 1834 . M. tremellosus, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying Wood. 
 
 1835 . M. lacrymans, Wulf. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 82. 
 
 Garden pot in stove. 
 
 1836 . M. bellus, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1837 . M. porinoides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 659. FISTULINA, Bull. 
 
 1838 . F. hepatica, Huds. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 84. 
 
 Stumps and base of oak and chestnut trees. 
 
 660. HYDNUM, L. 
 
 1839 . H. ferrugineum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24 p. 80. 
 
 Open woods. 
 
 1840 . H. coralloides, Scop. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1841 . H. erinaceum, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1842 . H. ochraceum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1843 . H. septentrionale, Fr. (/A cirrhatum , Pers.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1844 . H. Himantia, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 85. 
 
 Half buried sticks. 
 
 1845 . H. sulphureum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 71. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1846 . H. cinnabarinum, Schw. 
 
 Under side of pine logs. 
 
 1847 . H. fuscoatrum, Fr. 
 
 Old logs in woods. 
 
123 
 
 1848 . H. mucidum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. S5. 
 
 Old logs. 
 
 661. TREMELLODON, Pers. 
 
 1849 . T. gelatinosum, Scop. (Hydurn gelatinosum. Scop.) Reg. Rep. 22. p. 85 
 
 Decaying wood in woods. 
 
 662. IRPEX, Fr. 
 
 1850 . I. lacteus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1851 . I. Tulipiferae, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1852 . I. cinnamomeus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 663. PHLEBIA, Fr. 
 
 1853 . P. zonata, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Poplar wood and bark. 
 
 1854 . P. radiata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Trunks of cultivated cherry. 
 
 664. GRANDINIA, Fr. 
 
 1855 . G. membranacea, G. and C. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 665. ODONTIA, Fr. 
 
 1856 . O. fimbriata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 666. KNEIFFIA, Fr. 
 
 1857 . K. setigera, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1858 . K. candidissima, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 667. CRATERELLUS, Fr. 
 
 1859 . C. cornucopioides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Damp places in woods. 
 
 1860 . C. lutescens, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 81. 
 
 Damp woods and swamps. 
 
124 
 
 668. THELEPHORA, Ehrh. 
 
 1861 . T. Willeyi, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 71. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1862 . T. Schweinitzii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 67. (T. pallida, Schw.) Reg. 
 
 Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Woods and fields. Telephora pallida , Pers , has priority over 
 Telephora pallida , Schw., hence the latter name cannot 
 stand. I have therefore substituted another name for 
 Schweinitzi’s species. 
 
 1863 . T. sebacea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 81. 
 
 Incrusting grasses and low plants. 
 
 1864 . T. pedicellata, Schw. 
 
 Twigs and branches of alders. 
 
 669. STEREUM, Fr. 
 
 1865 . S. purpureum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86: ibid. 30, p. 75. 
 
 Dead trees and branches. 
 
 1866. S. versicolor, Fr. ( S . fasciatum, Schw.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1867 . S. hirsutum, Willd. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1868 . S. spadiceum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1869 . S. complicatum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1870 . S. striatum, Fr. Reg Rep. 22, p. 86. {Thelephora siricea, Schw.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1871 . S. rugosum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Old logs and trees. 
 
 1872 . S. Curtisii, Berk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Oak trees and branches. 
 
 1873 . S. albobadium, Schw Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1874 . S candidum, Pk. Reg.. Rep. 28, p 52. 
 
 Bark of trees. In Syn. Fung. Car., Schweinitz described this 
 fungus under the name Thelephora Candida. (1061 ) In the 
 same work he described another fungus under the name 
 Merisma Candida. (1069). In his Syn. Fung. North Amer- 
 ica, he placed both species in the genus Thelephora and 
 
125 
 
 changed the name of the former to Thelephora candidissima. 
 But inasmuch as the present classification again places the 
 two species in different genera, the one in Thelephora, the 
 other in Stereum, we have thought best to adopt the older 
 name for this fungus. 
 
 1875. S. frustulosum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1876. S. acerinum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Bark of red cedar. 
 
 670. HYMENOCH^ETE, Lev. 
 
 1877. H. rubiginosa, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 This and the two following species were reported as members 
 of the genus Stereum. 
 
 1878. H. tabacina, Sow. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 86. 
 
 1879. H. corrugata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 1880. H. spreta, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 47. 
 
 671. CORTICIUM, Fr. 
 
 1881. C. cinereum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
 1882. C. auberianum, Mont. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 81. 
 
 Dead bark. 
 
 1883. C. lilacino-fuscum, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 99. 
 
 Dead bark. 
 
 1884. C. Sambuci, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 48. 
 
 Dead stems of elder. 
 
 1885. C. polyporoideum, B. and C. 
 
 Old logs. 
 
 1886. C. laeve, Pers. 
 
 Old logs. 
 
 1887. C. incarnatum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood and branches. 
 
 1888. C. scutellare, B. and C. ( C . liquidamberis , B. and C.) Reg. Rep. 24, 
 
 p. 81. 
 
 Dead bark and branches. 
 
 1889. C. sulfureum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 46. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1890. C. caeruleum, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 48. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
126 
 
 1891 . C. bicolor, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 72. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1892 . C. Martianum, B. and C. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1893 . C. salicinum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 81 . ( Exidia cinnabarina, B. and 
 
 C.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Dead willows. 
 
 1894 . C. amorphum, Pers. ( Nodularia balsamicola , Pk.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 96. 
 
 Dead bark of balsam fir. 
 
 1895 . C. Oakesii, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Bark of oak, ash, etc. 
 
 672. CYPHELLA, Fr. 
 
 1896 . C. fulva, B. and R. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 83. 
 
 Dead alders. 
 
 673. SOLENIA, Pers. 
 
 1897 . S. Candida, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1898 . S. fasciculata, Pers. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1899 . S. ochracea, Hoffm. Reg. Rep 25, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1900. S. anomala, Pers. ( Peziza anomala, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying wood and bark. 
 
 674. CLAVARIA, L. 
 
 1901 . C. Kunzei, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 81. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1902 . C. tetragona, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1903 . C. pyxidata, Pers. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1904 . C. aurea, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1905. C. spinulosa, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 82. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1906 . C. apiculata, Fr, Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
127 
 
 1907 . C. fusiformis, Sow. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 Damp woods and Swamps. 
 
 1908 . C. inaequalis, Mull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Damp woods and Swamps. 
 
 1909 . C. pistillaris, L. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1910 . C. Ligula, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1911 . C. fistulosa, Fr. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 72. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 1912 . C. pulchra, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 53. 
 
 Woods and damp places. 
 
 1913 . C. mucida, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Damp decaying wood. 
 
 675. CALOCERA, Fr. 
 
 1914. C. viscosa, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1915 . C. cornea, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1916 . C. palmata, Schum. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 676. TYPHULA, Pers. 
 
 1917 . T. muscicola, Pers. ( Pistillciria inttscicola, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87. 
 
 Mosses, especially Climacium Americanum. 
 
 677. PHYSALACRIA, Pk. 
 
 1918 . P. inflata, Schw. (Mitrula injiata , Schw.) Reg. Rep. 27, p. 47. 
 
 Decaying wood and bark. 
 
 678. TREMELLA, Dill. 
 
 1919 . T. aurantia, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Dead spruce and pine. 
 
 1920 . T. mesenterica, Retz. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1921 . T. albida, Huds. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
128 
 
 1922. T. foliacea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1923. T. frondosa, Fr. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 72. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1924. T. vesicaria, Bull. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 53. 
 
 Damp shaded ground. 
 
 679. EXIDIA, Fr. 
 
 1925. E. glandulosa, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 1926. E. repanda, Fr. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 680. NvEMATELIA, Fr. 
 
 1927. N. nucleata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 83. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 681. GUEPINIA, Fr. 
 
 1928. G. spathularia, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 80. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 682. DITIOLA, Fr. 
 
 1929. D. radicata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 101. 
 
 Decaying pine wood. 
 
 683. DACRYMYCES, Nees. 
 
 1930. D. stillatus, Nees. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1931. D. deliquescens, Duby. (Z>. tortus Fr.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1932. D. fragiformis, Nees. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 101. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1933. D. minor, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 49. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 684. EXOBASIDIUM, Wor. 
 
 1934. E. Cassandrae, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 46. 
 
 Living leaves of Cassandra calyculata. 
 
129 
 
 Sub-order 2. GASTEROMYCETES. 
 
 685. PHALLUS, L. 
 
 1935. P. Ravenelii, B. & C. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 686. CLATHRUS, Mich. 
 
 1936. C. cancellatus, L. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 687. TULOSTOMA, Pers. 
 
 1937 . T. mammosum, Fr. 
 
 Sandy soil. 
 
 688. GEASTER, Mich. 
 
 1938 . G. saccatus, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 689. BOVISTA, Dill. 
 
 1939 . B. plumbea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 Grassy fields. 
 
 690. LYCOPERDON, Pers. 
 
 1940 . L. giganteum, Batsch. 
 
 Fields and gardens. 
 
 1941 . L. cyathiforme, Bose. (Z. giganteum , Batsch.) Reg. Rep. 23, p, 53; 
 
 (Z. albopurpureus , Frost Cat.) 
 
 Fields and pastures. 
 
 1942 . L. pedicellatum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 73. 
 
 Decaying wood and ground in woods. 
 
 1943 . L. Wrightii, B. & C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Fields and grassy places. 
 
 1944 . L. gemmatum, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Ground and old stumps. 
 
 1945 . L. pyriforme, Schaeff. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 88. 
 
 Ground and decaying wood. 
 
 1946 . L. pusillum, Fr. 
 
 Fields and pastures. 
 
130 
 
 6gi. SCLERODERMA, Pers. 
 
 1947 . S. vulgare, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 89. 
 
 Ground and decaying wood. 
 
 1948 . S. bovista, Fr. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 692. PHYSARUM, Pers. 
 
 1949 . P. cinereum, Batsch. {Didymium cinereum , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 Moss, grass, bark, etc. 
 
 1950 . P. contextum, Pers. {Diderma jlavidum, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 28, p. 54. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1951 . P. sinuosum, Bull. {Angioridium sinuosum , Grev.) Reg. Rep. 26, 
 
 P- 75 - 
 
 Moss, sticks, etc. 
 
 693. TILMADOCHE, Fr. 
 
 1952 . T. nutans, Pers. {P hysartim nutans , Pers.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 694. CRATERIUM, Trent. 
 
 1953 . C. leucocephalum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 75. 
 
 Moss, sticks, etc. 
 
 695. BADHAMIA, Berk. 
 
 1954 . B. rubiginosa, Chev. {Crotereum obovatum, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 26 t p. 75 • 
 
 Decaying wood and leaves. 
 
 696. DIDYMIUM, Schrad. 
 
 1955 . D. eximium, Pk. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 41. 
 
 Ash wood. 
 
 697. FULIGO, Hall. 
 
 1956 . F. varians, Sommf. {ALthalium septicum , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 PE. vaporarium , Fr. 
 
 Decaying wood. etc. Tan bark in stoves. 
 
 698. CHONDRIODERMA. Rost. 
 
 1957 . C. testaceum, Fr. {Ciderma Maries- Wilsoni, Clinton.) Reg. Rep. 26, 
 
 p. 74 - 
 
 Mosses, stems and Leaves. 
 
131 
 
 1958 . C. spumarioides, Fr. ( Didermia jarinaceum, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 74. 
 
 Leaves and bark. 
 
 699. LEOCARPUS, Lk. 
 
 1959 . L. fragilis, Dicks. ( L . vermicosus , Pers.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 53. 
 
 Sticks, leaves and wood. 
 
 700. DIACH^EA, Fr. 
 
 1960 . D. leucopoda, Bull. (Z>. elegans, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 54. 
 
 Leaves, moss, etc , living or dead. 
 
 701. STEMONITIS, Gled. 
 
 1961 . S. fusca, Roth. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1962 . S. ferruginea, Ehrh. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 7C2. COMATRICHA, Preuss. 
 
 1963 . C. typhina, Roth. ( Stemonitis typhoides , DC.) Reg. Rep. 25, p. 83. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 703. LAMPRODERMA, Rost. 
 
 1964 . L. physaroides, A. & S. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 47. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1965 . L. arcyrioides var. iridea, Cke. 
 
 Dead branchlets of Vitis. 
 
 704. TUBULINA, Pers. 
 
 1966 . T. cylindrica, Bull. ( Licea cylindricci, Bull.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 76. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 705. TRICHIA, Hail. 
 
 1967 . T. chrysosperma, Bull. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1968 . T. varia, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1969 . T. fallax, Pers. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 50. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
132 
 
 706. ARCYRIA, Hill. 
 
 1970 . A. punicea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1971 . A. incarnata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1972 . A. cinerea, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. {A. digitata, Schw.) Reg. Rep. 
 
 23, P- 53- 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 707. HEM I ARCYRIA, Rost. 
 
 1973 . H. clavata, Pers. {Trichia clavata, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1974 . H. rubiformis, Pers. {Trichia rubiformis, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 {T. pyriformis, Hoff.) Reg. Rep. 25, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1975 . H. serpula, Scop. {Trichia serpula, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 708. PERICH^ENA, Fr. 
 
 1976 . P. irregularis, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 50. 
 
 Decaying wood and bark. 
 
 1977 . P. caespitosa, Pk. {Physarum ccespitosum, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 75 
 
 ibid. 28, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 709. LYCOGALA, Mich. 
 
 1978 . L. epidendrum, Bux. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 89. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 710. PTYCHOGASTER, Cd. 
 
 1979 . P. albus, Cd. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 90. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 711. CYATHUS, Pers. 
 
 1980 . C. striatus, Hoffm. Reg Rep. 23, p. 54. 
 
 Decaying wood and sticks. 
 
 1981 . C. vernicosus, DC. {C. campanulatus , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 22. p. 90. 
 
 Ground, manured places, etc. 
 
133 
 
 712. CRUCIBULUM, Tul. 
 
 1982 . C. vulgare, Tul. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 90. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 713. SPHAEROBOLUS, Tode. 
 
 1983 . S. stellatus, Tode. 
 
 Spent hops and decaying wood. 
 
 Sub-Order 3. CONIOMYCETES. 
 
 714. SACIDIUM, Nees. 
 
 1984 . S. Pini, Fr. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 43. 
 
 Dead balsam-fir leaves. 
 
 715. PHOMA, Fr. 
 
 1985 . P. nebulosum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 47. 
 
 Dead stems of nettle. 
 
 1986 . P. Mariae, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 55. 
 
 Living branches of Lonicera Tatarica. 
 
 1987 . P. lineolatum, Desm. {PJioma strobilima,V. and C.) Reg. Rep. 30, p. 51. 
 
 Pine cones. 
 
 1988 . P. stercoraria, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 51. 
 
 Dung of geese. 
 
 1989 . P. longissimum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 99. 
 
 Dead stems of Chenopodium album. 
 
 1990 . P. Verbascicola, Schw. ( SpJueria verbascicola.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 100. 
 
 Dead stems of Verbascum Thapsus. 
 
 1991 . P. hysteriellum, P. and C. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 716. PECKIA, Clinton. 
 
 1992 . P. Sarraceniae, P. and C. Reg. Rep 29, p. 47. 
 
 Dead stems of Sarracenia purpurea. 
 
 1993 . P. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 47. 
 
 Dead leaves of Smilacina trifolia. 
 
 717. CRYPTOSPORIUM, Kunze. 
 
 1994 . C. Noveboracense, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 47. 
 
 Bark of Abies balsamea. 
 
134 
 
 1995. C. Scirpi, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 84. 
 
 Leaves of Scirpus. 
 
 718. GELATINOSPORIUM, Pk. 
 
 1996. G. betulinum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 84. 
 
 Dead branches of Betula lenta. Probably Sphceronema seria- 
 tum, B. and C., is the same species. 
 
 1997. G. abietinum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 84. 
 
 Dead branches of Abies Canadensis , 
 
 719. SPHCERONEMA, Tode. 
 
 1998. S. subtile, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 1999. S. Robiniae, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 51. 
 
 Dead twigs of Tilia and Robinia. 
 
 2000. S. Fraxini, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 71. (S. spina , B. and C. Reg. Rep. 
 
 23, P- 54-) 
 
 Dead branches of ash. 
 
 2001. S. Persicae, Fr. ( Sphorocybe Persicce , Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 61. 
 
 Dead bark of cherry and peach trees. 
 
 720. SPH^EROPSIS, Lev. 
 
 2002. S. quercina, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 86. 
 
 Dead branches of oak. 
 
 2008. S. Sumachi, Schw. ( S . pulchella , B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 86. 
 
 Sphceria Sumachi , Schw.) 
 
 Dead branches of Rhus glabra. 
 
 2004. S. Maclurae, Cke. 
 
 Dead branches of Osage orange. 
 
 2005. S. Menispermi, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 86. 
 
 Dead stems of Menispermum Canadense. 
 
 2006. S. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 55. 
 
 Decorticated maple. 
 
 2007. S. Wilsoni, Clinton. (S. purictum, C. and E.) Reg. Rep. 28, p. 55. 
 
 Living stems of Lonicera Jlava. 
 
 2008. S. Squieriae, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 55. 
 
 Dead stems of Aristolachia. 
 
 2009. S. Syringae, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 52. 
 
 Dead twigs of Syringa vulgaris. 
 
135 
 
 2010. S. Pennsylvanica, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 51. 
 
 Dead twigs of ash. 
 
 2011. S. Malorum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying apples. 
 
 2012. S. pulchrispora, P. and C. 
 
 Dead stems of Polygonum . 
 
 721. DIPLODIA, Fr. 
 
 2013. D. vulgaris. Lev. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 76. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2014. D. Herbarum, Lev. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 56. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2015. D. Viticola, Desm. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 90. 
 
 Dead stems of Vitis. 
 
 2016. D. thujina, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 52. 
 
 Wood of Thuja occidentalis. 
 
 722. HENDERSONIA, Berk. 
 
 2017. H. Mariae, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Living stems of Lonicera flava. 
 
 2018. H. Peckii, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 56. 
 
 Living stems of Lonicera flava „ 
 
 2019. H. Sarmentorum, West. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 56. 
 
 Dead grape vines. 
 
 2020. H. Desmazierii, Mont. (H. Platani, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 25, p. 86. 
 
 Bark of Platanus occidentalis. 
 
 2021. H. Colutese, P. and C. 
 
 Twigs of Colutea arborescens. 
 
 723. VERMICULARIA, Tode. 
 
 2022. V. dematium, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 86. 
 
 Dead stems and leaves. 
 
 2023. V. coptina, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 58. 
 
 Dead or dying leaves of Coptis trifolia. 
 
 2024. V. concentrica, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 47. 
 
 Languishing leaves of Trillium. 
 
 2025. V. albomaculata, Schw. 
 
 Leaves of Smilax herbacea. 
 
136 
 
 2026. V. Petiolorum, Schw 
 
 Dead petioles. 
 
 2027. V. trichella, Grev. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 43. 
 
 Ivy leaves. 
 
 2028. V. compacta, C. and E. 
 
 Dead grape vine. 
 
 2029. V. Balsamitae, Schw. 
 
 Dead stems of Impatiens. 
 
 2030. V. Polygonati, Schw. 
 
 Dead stems of Polygoncitum. 
 
 724. DISCOSIA, Lib. 
 
 2031. D. artocreas, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 86. 
 
 Dead leaves. 
 
 2032. D. rugulosa, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 48. 
 
 Dead leaves of Carya alba. 
 
 725. SEPTORIA, Fr. 
 
 2033. S. Nabali, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Leaves of Nabalus. 
 
 2034. S. Polygonorum, Desm. 
 
 Leaves of Polygonum orientale. 
 
 2035. S. Rhoidis, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Leaves of Rhus typhina. 
 
 2036. S% Rubi, West. ( S . Rubi , B. and C.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 54. 
 
 Leaves of Rubus strigosus , villosus , etc. 
 
 2037. S. Liriodendri, B and C. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 54. 
 
 Leaves of Liriodendrori Tulipifera. I have seen no description 
 of this species. The next following species appears also to 
 have a mere catalogue or manuscript name. 
 
 2038. S. Verbascicola, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Leaves of Verbascum Blattaria. 
 
 2039. S. Lobeliae, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24 , p. 87 . 
 
 Leaves of Lobelia. 
 
 2040. S. Verbenae, D. and R. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 101. 
 
 Leaves of Verbena hastata. 
 
 2041. S. viride-tingens, Curt. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 55. 
 
 Leaves of Allium tricoccum. 
 
 2042. S. mirabilis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 87. 
 
 Fronds of Onoclea sensilnlis. 
 
137 
 
 2043. S. Wilsoni, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Leaves of Chelone glabra. 
 
 2044. S. Scrophulariae, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Leaves of Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 2045. S. sambucini, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 57. 
 
 Leaves of Sambucus Canadensis. 
 
 2046. S. Coptidis, B. and C. 
 
 Leaves of Coptis trifolia. 
 
 2047. S. Polygalae, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 48. 
 
 Leaves of Polygala pauci folia. 
 
 2048. S. emaculata, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 48. 
 
 Leaves of Lathyrus palustris. 
 
 2049. S. Erigerontis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Leaves of Erigeron strigosum and annnum. 
 
 2050. S. Violae, West. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Leaves of Viola cucullata. 
 
 2051. S. Dianthi, Desm. 
 
 Leaves of Dianthus barbatus. 
 
 2052. S. phlyctaenoides, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2053. S. salicina, Pk. Reg, Rep. 25, p. 87. 
 
 Leaves of Populus balsamifera. 
 
 2054. S. Waldsteiniae, P. & C. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 43. 
 
 Leaves of Waldsteinia fragarioides . 
 
 2055. S. Hippocastani, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Leaves of horse-chestnut. 
 
 2056. S. Toxicodendri, Curt. 
 
 Leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron. This species does not appear 
 to have been described. 
 
 2057. S. Kalmicola, Schw. ( Sphceria Kalmicola , Schw.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 64. 
 
 Leaves of Kalmia latifolia. 
 
 2058. S. CEnotherae, West. 
 
 Leaves of CEnothera biennis , 
 
 726. PHYLLOSTICTA, Pers. 
 
 2059. P. cruenta, Fr. ( Septoria cruenta , Kze.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 101. 
 
 Leaves of Polygonatum and Smilacina. 
 
 2060. P. ochroleuca, B. and C. ( Septoria ochroleuca , B. and C.) Reg. Rep. 
 
 25, p. 88. 
 
 Leaves of chestnut. 
 
138 
 
 727 . EXCIPULA, Fr. 
 
 2061. E. Equiseti, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 77. 
 
 Dead Equisetum hyemale. 
 
 728. DINEMASPORIUM. Lev. 
 
 2062. D. Herbarum, Cke. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 88. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2063. D. acerinum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 77. 
 
 Maple wood. 
 
 729. ASTEROMA, DC. 
 
 2064. A. Rosae, DC. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 58. 
 
 Leaves of Rosa rubiginosa. 
 
 730. MELANCONIUM, Lk. 
 
 2065. M. disseminatum, Fr. Reg. Reg. 28, p. 59. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2066. M. minutissimum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 59. 
 
 Bark of Platanus occidentalis. 
 
 2067. M. oblongum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 59. 
 
 Bark of Juglans cinerea. 
 
 2068. M. intermedium, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 53. 
 
 Bark of Carya alba . 
 
 2069. M. Americanum, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 43. 
 
 Dead leaves of Agave A mericana. 
 
 731. STILBOSPORA, Pers. 
 
 2070. S. ovata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 90. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
 2071. S. Staphyleae, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 88. 
 
 Dead branches of Staphylea trifolia. 
 
 732. EXOSPORIUM, Lk. 
 
 2072. E. Tiliae, Lk. ( Coryneum clavcesporium , Pk.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 87. 
 
 Dead branches of Tilia Americana. 
 
 733. CORYNEUM, Kze. 
 
 2073. C. disciforme, Kze. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 59. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
139 
 
 2074. C. triseptatum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 102. 
 
 Dead leaves of Rhododendron maximum. 
 
 734. CHEIROSPORA, Fr. 
 
 2075. C. botryospora, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 88. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
 735. MYXOSPORIUM, Lk. 
 
 2076. M. nitidum, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 90. 
 
 Dead branches of Cornus. 
 
 736. PESTALOZZIA, DeNot. 
 
 2077. P. Guepini, Desm. 
 
 Leaves of Camellia Japonica. 
 
 2078. P. Mariae, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 102. 
 
 Leaves of Rhododendron maximum. 
 
 2079. P. monochaeta, Desm. ( P . Peckii, Clinton.) Reg. Rep. 28, p. 59. 
 
 Dead and persistent oak leaves. 
 
 737. TORULA. Cd. 
 
 2080. T. alnea, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 89. 
 
 Dead trunks of Alnus incana. 
 
 738. TRIMMATOSTROMA, Cd. 
 
 2081. T. Americanum, Thum. ( Coniothecium toruloideum , B. and C.) Reg. 
 
 Rep. 23, p. 55. 
 
 Dead willow branches. 
 
 739. SEPTONEMA, Cd. 
 
 2082. S. spilomeum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91. 
 
 Old rails and decaying wood. 
 
 2083. S. dichaenoides, P. & C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 53. 
 
 Bark of alder. 
 
 740. BACTRIDIUM, Kze. 
 
 2084. B. flavum, Kze. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 77. 
 
 Wet decaying wood. 
 
 741. SPORIDESMIUM, Lk. 
 
 2085. S. concinnum, B. & C. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 103: ibid, 29, p. 50. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 \ 
 
140 
 
 2086. S. moriforme, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 89. 
 
 Decaying wood of apple trees. 
 
 2087. S. lepraria, B. & Br. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 60. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 742. PHRAGMIDIUM, Lk. 
 
 2088. P. obtusum, K. & S. ( Aregma obtusatum, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90. 
 
 Living leaves of Potentilla Canadensis. 
 
 2089. P. Rosarum, Rabh. (. Aregma mucronatum, Fr.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 55. 
 
 Living leaves of Roses. 
 
 2090. P. gracile, Grev. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 50. 
 
 Living leaves of Rnbus odoratus. 
 
 743. TRIPHYRAGMIUM, Lk. 
 
 2091. T. clavellosum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 55. 
 
 Living leaves of Aralia nudicaulis. 
 
 744- PUCCINIA, Pers. 
 
 2092. P. solida, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91 : ibid. 25, p. 118. 
 
 Living leaves of Anemone cylindrica. 
 
 2093. P. fusca, Schrot. ( P . Anemones , Pers.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, 
 
 p. 1 16. 
 
 Living leaves of Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 2094. P. Calthae, Lk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 50. 
 
 Living leaves of Caltha palustris. 
 
 2095. P. aculeata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91 : ibid. 25, p. 113. 
 
 Living leaves of Podophyllum peltatum. 
 
 2096. P. Violarum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 112. 
 
 Living leaves of violets. 
 
 2097. P. Lychnidearum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. no. 
 
 Living leaves of Dianthus barbatus. 
 
 2098. P. Mariae-Wilsoni, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 114. 
 
 Living leaves of Claytonia Caroliniana and C. Virginica. 
 
 2099. P. Noli-tangeris, Cd. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90 : ibid. 25, p. 114. 
 
 Living leaves of Impatiens and Dalibarda. 
 
 2100. P. Pyrolae, Cke. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90: ibid. 25, p. 119. 
 
 Living leaves of Polygala paucifolia. 
 
 2101. P. Prunorum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 116. 
 
 Living leaves of Prunus serotina. 
 
141 
 
 2102. P. Waldsteiniae, Curt. Reg Rep. 22, p. 91 : ibid 25, p. 120. 
 
 Living leaves of Waldsteinia fragarioides . 
 
 2103. P. spreta, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 67. ( P . Tiarella , B. and C. Reg. 
 
 Rep.25, p. 115.) 
 
 Living leaves of Tiarella cordifolia and Mitella nuda. 
 
 2104. P. Circaeae, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 118. 
 
 Living leaves of Circcea Lutetiana . 
 
 2105. P. obtegens, Tul. (P. Compositarum , Sch.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56 : ibid. 
 
 25, p. 113. ( Trichobasis suaveolens, Pers.) Reg. Rep. 24, 
 
 p. 89. 
 
 Living leaves of Cirsium arvense. 
 
 2106. P. Cirsii, Lasch. 
 
 Living leaves of Cirsium lanceolatum. 
 
 2107. P. Galiorum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 24, p* 90 : ibid. 25, p. 116. 
 
 Living leaves of Galium asprellum and G. trijlorum. 
 
 2108. P. Umbelliferarum, DC. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56 : ibid. 25, p. 112. 
 
 Living leaves of Pimpinella integerrima. 
 
 2109. P. Cryptotaeniae, Pk. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 114 
 
 Living leaves of Cryptohenia Canadensis. 
 
 2110. P. Osmorrhizae, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 73. (P. Myrrhis, Schw. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 25, p. 112, Uredo chcerophylli, Schw. 23, p. 57.) 
 Living leaves of Osmorrhiza brevistylis , etc. 
 
 2111. P. porphyrogenita, Curt. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 73. (P. acuminata , Pk. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 23, p. 57 : ibid. 75, p. 119.) 
 
 Living leaves of Cornus Canadensis . 
 
 2112. P. Asteris, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 118. 
 
 Living leaves of asters. 
 
 2113. P. Xanthii. Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 117. 
 
 Living leaves of Xanthium sirumarium. 
 
 2114. P. Helianthi, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 116. ( P . Helian- 
 
 thorum , Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves of Helianthus. 
 
 2115. P. variabilis, Grev. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 112. 
 
 Living leaves of Taraxacum Dens-leonis. 
 
 2116. *P. investita, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91 : ibid. 25, p. 117. 
 
 Living leaves of Gnaphalium decurrens. 
 
 2117. P. orbicula, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 53. 
 
 Living leaves of Nabalus. 
 
142 
 
 2118. P. Menthae, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 115. ( Trichobasis Labiatarum , 
 
 Lev. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 89.) 
 
 Living leaves of mints. 
 
 2119. P. Gentianae, Strauss. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 50. 
 
 Living leaves of Gentiana Andrewsii. 
 
 2120. P. Hydrophylli, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 54. 
 
 Living leaves of Hydrophyllum Virginicum. 
 
 2121. P. Veratri, Niessl. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 103. 
 
 Living leaves of Veratrum viride. 
 
 2122. P. Convolvuli, Cast. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90 : ibid. 25, p. 120. 
 
 Living- leaves of Convolvulus Sepium. 
 
 2123. P. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 61. 
 
 Living leaves of Pedicularis Canadensis . 
 
 2124. P. Dayii, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 60. 
 
 Living leaves of Lysimachia ciliata. 
 
 2125. P. Physostegiae, P. & C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 50. 
 
 Living leaves of Physostegia Virginiana. 
 
 2126. P. Amphibii, Fekl. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 75. (P. Polygonorum , Lk. Reg. 
 
 Rep. 24, p. 90.) 
 
 Living leaves of Polygonum amphibium . 
 
 2127. P. Maydis, Patsch. (P. Sorghi, Schw.) Reg. Rep. 28, p. 61. 
 
 Living leaves of Zea Mays. 
 
 2128. P. angustata, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 123. 
 
 Living leaves of Scirpus Eriophorum. 
 
 2129. P. coronata, Cd. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 56: ibid. 25, p. 121. 
 
 Living leaves of Avena sativa. 
 
 2130 . P. arundinacea, Hedw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 122. (P. arundinaria, Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves of Phragmites communis. 
 
 2181. P. obtecta, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 121. 
 
 Living leaves of Scirpus validus. 
 
 2132. P. Ellisii, Thum. ( P . Andropogi, Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves of Andropogon scoparius . 
 
 2133. P. caricina, Dee. (P. caricis , DC.) Reg. Rep. 25, p. 122. 
 
 Living leaves of Carices. 
 
 2134. P. striola, Lk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 122. 
 
 Living leaves of sedges. 
 
 2135 . P. graminis, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 121. 
 
 Living leaves of grasses. 
 
143 
 
 745- GYMNOSPORANGIUM, Lk. 
 
 2136. G. fuscum, var. globosum, Far. (. Podisoma fuscum , Duby.) Reg. Rep. 
 
 25, p. 89. 
 
 Galls of Juniperus Virginiana. 
 
 746. USTILAGO, Lk. 
 
 2137. U. Carbo, Tul. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 75. ( U . segetum, Dittm. Reg. Rep. 
 
 22, p. 92.) 
 
 Spikes of wheat. 
 
 2138. U. Maydis, Cd. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 92. ( U . Zee e, Schw.) 
 
 Flowers and fruit of Zea Mays. 
 
 2139. U. utriculosa, Tul. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 93: ibid. 27, p. 111. 
 
 Spikes of Polygonum P ennsylvanicum . 
 
 2140. U. Erythronii, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 115. 
 
 Living leaves of Erythronium Americanum. 
 
 747. UROCYSTIS, Rabh. 
 
 2141. U. pompholygodes, Schl. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 77. ( Polycystis Ranuncula- 
 
 cearum , Desm. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 58.) 
 
 Living leaves of Trollius , Hepatica and Anemone. 
 
 748. UROMYCES, Lev. 
 
 2142. U. Lespedezae, Schw. ( Puccinia Lespedezce violacece , Schw.) Reg. Rep. 
 
 22, p. 92. 
 
 Living leaves of Lespedeza. 
 
 2143. U. Junci, Schw. ( Puccinia Junci, Schw.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91. 
 
 Living Juncus effusus and J. tenuis. 
 
 2144. U. Peltandraae, Howe. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 67. 
 
 Living leaves of Peltandra and A ri sterna. 
 
 2145. U. pyriformis, Cke. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 77 : ibid. 29, p. 69. 
 
 Living leaves of A corns Calamus. 
 
 2146. U. Sparganii, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 77. 
 
 Living leaves of Sparganium. 
 
 2147. U. Euphorbiae, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 90. 
 
 Living leaves of Euphorbia maculata and E. hypericifolia. 
 
 2148. U. triquetra, Cke. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 90. {Puccinia Hyperici, Schw. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 22, p. 92.) 
 
 Living leaves of Hypericum mutilum. 
 
144 
 
 2149 . U. solida, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90. 
 
 Living leaves of Desmodium. 
 
 2150 . U. Polygoni, Fckl. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 89. 
 
 Living stems of Polygonum. 
 
 2151 . U. Howei, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 75. ( Trichobasis Howei , Pk. Reg. 
 
 Rep. 23, p. 58 ; U. Asclepiadis , Cke.) 
 
 Living leaves of Asclepias Cornuti. 
 
 2152 . U. Trifolii, Fckl. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 43. 
 
 Living leaves of Medicago lupulina. 
 
 2153 . U. polymorphus, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 31, p 43. 
 
 Living leaves of Lathyrus ochroleucus. 
 
 2154 . U. Lilii, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 103. 
 
 Living leaves of Lilium Canadense. 
 
 749. PILEOLARIA, Cast. 
 
 2155 . P. brevipes, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 90. 
 
 Living leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron. 
 
 750. MELAMPSORA, Cast. 
 
 2156 . M. Hartigii, Thum. (Uredo epitea, Kze.) Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91. 
 
 Leaves of Salix nigra. 
 
 2157 . M. populina, Lev. ( Lecythea cylindrica , Strauss.) Reg. Rep. 23, p. 58. 
 
 Leaves of Populus. 
 
 751. COLEOSPORIUM, Lev. 
 
 2158 . C. ochraceum, Bon. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51 {Uredo Agrimonice , Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves of Agrimonia Eupatoria. 
 
 2159 . C. miniatum, Bon. ( Uredo effusa, Strauss, Reg. Rep. 22, p. 92. U. 
 
 miniata, Pers.) 
 
 Living leaves and stems of roses. 
 
 752. UREDO, Pers. 
 
 2160 . U. pustulata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 57 
 
 Living leaves of Epilobium. 
 
 2161 . U. luminata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 92. ( AZcidium luminatum , Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves of Rubus. 
 
 2162. U. Peckii, Thum. (U. acidioides, Pk.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 88. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Amphicarpea monoica . 
 
 2163 . U. Solidaginis, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 91. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Solidago and Aster. 
 
145 
 
 2164. U. Helianthi, Schvv. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 88. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Helianthiis. 
 
 2165. U. Smilacis, Schw. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 104. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Lilium Canadense. 
 
 2166. U. Cassandrae, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 54. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Cassandra calyculata. 
 
 2167. U. pyrolata, Kornk. ( Uredo Pyrola , Strauss. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 92.) 
 
 ALcidium pyrolatum, Schw.) 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Pyrola rotundi folia. 
 
 « 
 
 753. PROTOMYCES, Ung. 
 
 2168. P. Menyanthis, DeBy. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 61. 
 
 Leaves of Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 754. CRONARTIUM, Tul. 
 
 2169. C. Comandrae, Pk. 
 
 Living leaves and stems of Comandra. 
 
 755. GRAPHIOLA, Poit. 
 
 2170. G. Phcenicis, Poit. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Leaves of Phcenix dissectifolia in conservatories. 
 
 Sub-Order 4. HYPHOMYCETES. 
 
 756. CERATIUM, A. and S. 
 
 2171. C. hydnoides, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 78. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 757. SCORIAS, Fr. 
 
 2172. S. spongiosa, Fr. 
 
 Leaves and sticks under beeches and alders. This fungus occurs 
 on whatever may chance to be moistened by the excretions 
 of the woolly insects that infest beech and alder trees. I 
 have seen it nowhere else. It is sometimes accompanied 
 by some Capnodium, of which, I suspect, it is a condition. 
 
 758. ISARIA, Fr. 
 
 2173. I. favinosa, Fr. 
 
 Ground. 
 
 2174. I. clavata, Dittm. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
146 
 
 759- STILBUM, Tode. 
 
 2175. S. giganteum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 93. 
 
 Dead maple trunks and logs. 
 
 2176. S. pellucidum, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 93. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2177. S. smaragdinum, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2178. S. Rhoidis, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 93. 
 
 Dead Rhus typhina. 
 
 2179. S. erythrocephalum, Dittm. 
 
 Horse dung. 
 
 760. FUSARIUM, Lk. 
 
 2180. F. lateritium, Nees. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 92. 
 
 Bark of Dirca palustris. 
 
 2181. F. erubescens, B and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 93. 
 
 Dead branches of Tilia Americana. 
 
 761. EPICOCCUM, Lk. 
 
 2182. E. neglectum, Desm. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Stems and leaves of Zea Mays. 
 
 762. ILLOSPORIUM, Mart. 
 
 2183. I. roseum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 93. 
 
 Lichens. 
 
 2184. I. carneum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 61. 
 
 On Peltigera. 
 
 763. ^EGERITA, Pers. 
 
 2185. JE. Candida, Pers. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 764. SPOROCYBE, Fr. 
 
 2186. S. byssoides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 93. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 765. TUBERCULARIA, Tode. 
 
 2187. T. Celastri, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Dead stems of Celastrus scandens. 
 
147 
 
 2188. T. subdiaphana, Schw. 
 
 Dead stems of grape vine. 
 
 766. PERICONIA, Cd. 
 
 2189. P. calicioides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Decaying wood. The name Periconia is applied by some 
 authors to such species as have the stem composed of sev- 
 eral compacted filaments, and the name Sporacybe , to such 
 as have the stem formed of a single or simple filament. 
 Other authors just reverse the application of these generic 
 names, and therefore much confusion in their use is the 
 result. 
 
 767. PODOSPORIUM, Schw. 
 
 2190. P. rigidum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94 : ibid. 24, p. 103. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
 768. MACROSPORIUM, Fr. 
 
 2191. M. Cheiranthi, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 61. 
 
 Dead leaves and stems. 
 
 2192. M. Sarcinula, Berk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 55. 
 
 Decaying squashes. 
 
 2193. M. chartarum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 93. 
 
 Wall paper. 
 
 769. CLASTERISPORIUM, Schw. 
 
 2194. C. uncinatum, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 50. 
 
 Fallen oak leaves. 
 
 770. HELMINTHOSPORIUM, Lk. 
 
 2195. H. macrocarpum, Grev. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Dead branches of oak and chestnut. 
 
 2196. H. episphaericum, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 52. 
 
 Effete Diatrype. 
 
 2197. H. obovatum, Berk. (. Monotospora biseptata, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 62).. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 771. CLADOSPORIUM, Lk. 
 
 2198. C. herbarum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Dead stems, decaying fungi, etc. 
 
148 
 
 2199 . C. epiphyllum, Nees. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 94. 
 
 Dead leaves. 
 
 2200 . C. Typhae, Schw. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 105. 
 
 Dead leaves of Typha . 
 
 2201 . C. lignicola, Cd. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 105. 
 
 Wood. 
 
 2202 . C. depressum, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 54. 
 
 Living leaves of Archangelica atropurpurea. In the American 
 specimens the filaments are longer than in the typical form, 
 but the difference scarcely seems of specific value. 
 
 772. STREPTOTHRIX, Cd. 
 
 2203 . S. atra, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 61. 
 
 Dead branches of Qarpinus, etc. 
 
 773. POLYTHRINCIUM, Kze. 
 
 2204 . P. Trifolii, Kze. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Living leaves of clover. 
 
 774- ASPERGILLUS. Mich. 
 
 2205 . A. glaucus, Lk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying fungi. 
 
 775. PERONOSPORA, DeBy. 
 
 2200 . P. parasitica, Pers. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 79. 
 
 Living leaves of Cardamine rhomboidea. 
 
 2207. P. effusa, Grev. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 52. 
 
 Living leaves of Chenopodium album. 
 
 2208 . P. Corydalis, DeBy. 
 
 Living leaves of Dicentra ( Diclytra ) Canadensis. 
 
 776. RAMULARIA, Ung. 
 
 2209 . R. Nemopanthis, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 52. 
 
 Living leaves of Nemopanthes Canadensis . 
 
 2210 . R. obovata, Fckl. {Peronospora obliqua , Cke. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 63, 
 
 Ovularia obovata , Sacc.) 
 
 Living leaves of Rumex crispus. 
 
 777. CYSTOPUS, DeBy. 
 
 2211 . C. cubicus, Str. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 91. 
 
 Living leaves of Tragopogon and Ambrosia . 
 
149 
 
 2212 . C. candidus, Lev. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 93 : ibid. 24, p. 103. 
 
 Living leaves of cruciferous plants. 
 
 2213 . C. spinulosus, DeBy. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Living leaves of Cirsium arvense. 
 
 2214 . C. Portulacae, DC. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 51. 
 
 Living leaves of Portulaca oleracea. 
 
 2215 . C. Bliti, Biv. ( C . Amaranti , Schw. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 61.) 
 
 Living leaves of Amarantus retro flexus . 
 
 778. CERCOSPORA, Fres. 
 
 2216 . C. Callae, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 52. 
 
 Living leaves of Cal la palustris . 
 
 779. HELICOSPORIUM, Nees. 
 
 2217 . H. ellipticum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 103. 
 
 Decaying hemlock wood. 
 
 780. TRICHODERMA, Pers. 
 
 2218 . T. viride, Pers. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 87. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 781. VERTICILLIUM, Nees. 
 
 2219 . V. pulvereum, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 56. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2220 . V. lateritium, Ehrh. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 782. POLYACTIS, Lk. 
 
 2221 . P. fascicularis, Cd. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 79. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2222 . P. cana, Berk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 57. 
 
 Dead stems and leaves. 
 
 783. SEPEDONIUM, Lk. 
 
 2223 . S. chrysospermum, Lk. Reg. Rep. 24. p. 94. 
 
 Decaying Boleti. 
 
 784. FUSISPORIUM, Lk. 
 
 2224 . F. Buxi, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 61. 
 
 Dead leaves of Buxus sempervirens . 
 
150 
 
 2225 . F. rimosum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 58. 
 
 Cut surface of corn stalks. 
 
 785. PILACRE, Fr. 
 
 2226 . P. faginea, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying beech wood. 
 
 Sub-Order 5. PHYSOMYCETES. 
 
 786. MUCOR, Mich. 
 
 2227 . M. inaequalis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying squashes and pumpkins. 
 
 2228 . M. stolonifer, Ehrh. ( Ascophora Mucedo , Tode. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 94.) 
 
 Decaying vegetable substances. 
 
 787. PILOBOLUS, Tode. 
 
 2229 . P. crystallinus, Tode. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 106. 
 
 Horse dung. 
 
 788. EMPUSA, Cohn. 
 
 2280 , E. Muscae, Cohn. (Sflorendonema Musccz, Fr.) 
 
 Dead flies, ( Muscce domesticce.) 
 
 Sub-Order 6. ASCOMYCETES. 
 
 789. ONYGENA, Pers. 
 
 2281 . O. equina, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 94. 
 
 Old hoofs and horns. 
 
 790. SPHiEROTHECA, Lev. 
 
 2232 . S. Castagnei, Lev. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 94. 
 
 Living leaves of various plants. 
 
 791. PHYLLACTINIA, Lev. 
 
 2233 . P. suffulta, Reb. (P. guttata. Lev., Reg. Rep. 29, p. 79.) 
 
 Living leaves of various trees and shrubs, rarely on herbs. 
 
 792. UNCINULA, Lev. 
 
 2234 . U. adunca, Lev. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 65. 
 
 Living leaves of willows. 
 
151 
 
 2285. U. macrospora, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of elm. 
 
 2236. U. flexuosa, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Living leaves of horse-chestnut. 
 
 2237. U. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of basswood. 
 
 2238. U. circinata, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of maple. 
 
 2239. U. Ampelopsidis, Pk. ( U . subfrisca, B. and C.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Living leaves of Virginia creeper. 
 
 2240. U. spiralis, B. and C. (U. Americana , Howe.) Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Living leaves of grape vines. 
 
 793. PODOSPH^ERIA, Kze. 
 
 2241. P. Kunzei, Lev. ( P . Cerasi , Lev., Reg. Rep. 24, p. 100.) 
 
 Living leaves of cherry and thorn. 
 
 794. MICROSPH^RIA, Lev. 
 
 2242. M. Hedwigii, Lev. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 95. 
 
 Living leaves of Viburnum. Erysiphe Viburni , Schw., is 
 probably the same species. 
 
 2243. M. Van Bruntiana, Ger. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 64. 
 
 Living leaves of Sa?nbucus Canadensis. I have never been 
 able to find more than four spores in an ascus in this fungus, 
 and it is doubtful whether this form is specifically distinct 
 from M. Hedwigii , although the tips of the appendages are 
 generally more fully developed and have more numerous 
 bifurcations than in that species. 
 
 2244. M. penicillata, Lev. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 100. 
 
 Living leaves of beech, birch and hazel. 
 
 2245. M. Friesii, Lev. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 65. 
 
 Living leaves of lilac. 
 
 2246. M. Russellii, Clinton. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Living leaves of Oxalis stricta. 
 
 2247. M. abbreviata, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 64. 
 
 Dead oak leaves. 
 
 2248. M. densissima, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Dead oak leaves. 
 
 2249. M. Dubyi, Lev. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Living leaves of Lonicera. 
 
152 
 
 2250 . M. holosericea, Lev. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 95. 
 
 Living leaves of Astragalus Coopcri- 
 
 2251 . M. Vaccinii, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 65. 
 
 Living leaves of Vaccinium. 
 
 2252 . M. extensa, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 95. 
 
 Living leaves of Quercus. 
 
 2253 . M. diffusa, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 95. 
 
 Living leaves of Desmodium. 
 
 795. ERYSIPHE, Hedw. 
 
 2254 . E. lamprocarpa, Lev. Reg. Rep. 23, p, 65. 
 
 Living leaves of various plants. 
 
 2255 . E. Martii, Lk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of Leguminosa, 
 
 2256 . E. communis, Schl. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 101. 
 
 Living leaves of Ranunculacece. 
 
 796. MORCHELLA, Dill. 
 
 2257 . M. esculenta, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 44 : ibid. 28, p. 86 l 
 
 Under evergreen trees. 
 
 2258 . M. semilibera, DC. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 58. 
 
 Open woods. 
 
 797. GYROMITRA, Fr. 
 
 2259 . G. curtipes, Fr. 
 
 Borders of woods. 
 
 798. HELVELLA, L. 
 
 2260 . H. crispa, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 94. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 2261 . H. gracilis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 94. 
 
 Wet mossy places. 
 
 799. VERPA, Swartz. 
 
 2262 . V. digitaliformis, Pers. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 59. 
 
 Open woods. 
 
 800. MITRULA, Fr. 
 
 2263. M. paludosa, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23 , p. 62 . 
 
 Sticks and leaves in wet places. 
 
153 
 
 801. SPATHULARIA, Pers. 
 
 2364. S. flavida, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 87 : ibid. 28, p. 87. 
 Woods. 
 
 802. LEOTIA, Hill. 
 
 2265. L. lubrica, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Thin woods. 
 
 803. CUDONIA, Fr. 
 
 2266. C. lutea, Pk. (Vibrissea luteci, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 97.) 
 
 Dense woods. 
 
 804. GEOGLOSSUM, Pers. 
 
 220? 
 
 2268 
 
 luteum, Pk. {Mitrula lutescens, B. & C.) Reg. Rep. 24, p. 94. 
 Mossy places in woods. 
 
 Peckianum, Cke. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 87. (£7. viscosum , Pers. Reg. 
 
 Rep. 25, p. 97.) 
 
 Swampy woods. 
 
 2269. G. velutipes, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 65. 
 
 Woods. 
 
 805. PEZIZA, L. 
 
 MACROPODES. 
 
 Macropus, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Woods and open places. 
 
 hesperidea, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 80. 
 
 Woods and on buried sticks. 
 
 Warnei, Pk. ( Rhizina Helvetica , Fckl.) Reg. Rep. 30, p. 59. 
 Decaying hemlock wood. 
 
 COCHLEA TAE. 
 
 badia, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 98. 
 
 Damp ground and shaded banks. 
 
 cochleata, Huds. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Ground in stoves. 
 
 2270. 
 
 2271. 
 
 2272. 
 
 2273. 
 
 2274. 
 
 2275. 
 
 * 
 
 2276. 
 
 1 . 
 
 P. 
 
 P. 
 
 P. 
 
 2 . 
 
 P. 
 
 P. 
 
 P. 
 
 3. 
 
 P. 
 
 aurantia, Vahl. Reg, Rep. 23, p. 62 : ibid. 24, p. 103. 
 Ground. 
 
 CUPULARES. 
 
 repanda, Wahl. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 65, 
 
 Ground and mossy trunks. 
 
154 
 
 2277. P. pallidula, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 65. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 4. HUM ARIA. 
 
 2278. P. adusta, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 107. 
 
 Burnt ground. 
 
 2279. P. omphalodes, Bull. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 65. 
 
 Burnt ground. 
 
 § 5. sarcoscyphh:. 
 
 2280. P. coccinea, Jacq. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Half buried sticks. 
 
 2281. P. scutellata, L. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Soft decaying wood and wet ground. 
 
 2282. P. erinaceus, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2283. P. hemispherica, Wigg. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood and mossy ground. 
 
 2284. P. theleboloides, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 8r. 
 
 Spent hops in a stove. 
 
 2285. P. stercorea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25 p. 98. 
 
 Cow dung. 
 
 2286. P. allospadicea, Grev. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 54. 
 
 Mossy ground. 
 
 2287. P. floccosa, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying wood and sticks. 
 
 § 6. DASYSCYPHAE. 
 
 2288. P. calycina, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 94. 
 
 Bark of acerose trees. 
 
 2289. P. Agassizii, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Bark of Abies balsamea 
 
 2290. P. subochracea, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26 p. 81. 
 
 Dead Rubus odoratus. 
 
 2291. P. nivea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying oak. 
 
 2292. P. virginea, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying wood and stems. 
 
 2293. P. vulpina, Cke. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 60. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
155 
 
 2294. P. maculincola, Schw. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 60. 
 
 Decaying wood. Some authors regard this as identical with 
 P. flammed , A. and S. , but as the specimens in the Schwein- 
 itzian Herbarium indicate some differences I have not united 
 the two forms. 
 
 2295. P. hyalina, Pers. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 66. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2296. P. translucida, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2297. P. Tiliae, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 96. 
 
 Dead branches of basswood. 
 
 § 7. TAP ESI A. 
 
 2298. P. sanguinea, Pers. {Patellaria sanguinea , Karst.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 8. H YMENOSC YPHJE. 
 
 2299. P. Persoonii, Mong. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 96. (Stamnaria Persooni f Yok\.) 
 
 Dead stems of Equisetum hiemale. 
 
 2300. P. cyathoidea, Bull. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Dead herb stems. 
 
 2301. P. albumina, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 81. 
 
 Decaying wood and stems. 
 
 § 9. DURELLA. 
 
 2302. P. macrospora, Fckl. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 61. ( D . compressa, A, and S. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2203. P. flexella, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. This is referred to lichens by some authors. 
 
 § 10. MOLL/S/A. 
 
 2304. P. vinosa, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2305. P. cinerea, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 86. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2306. P. assimilis, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 81. 
 
 Dead herb stems. 
 
 2307. P. planodisca, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 31, p. 46. 
 
 Dead Stems of Andropogon. 
 
 2308. P. Dehnii, Rabh. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 81. 
 
 Living stems of Potentilla argentea. 
 
156 
 
 2809. P. Sphaerella, P. and C. 
 
 Dead stems of Trifolium pratense. 
 
 806. HELOTIUM, Fr. 
 
 2310. H. aciculare, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 107. 
 
 Half buried wood. 
 
 2311. H. aeruginosum, Fr. ( Peziza ceruginosa , Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 95.) 
 
 Decaying wood. This species and the next are by some 
 deemed generically distinct, and referred to a genus Chloro- 
 
 splenium . 
 
 2312. H. versiforme, Fr. ( Craterellus ccespitosus , Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 82.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2313. H. rugipes, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 82. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2314. H. citrinum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2315. H. salicellum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 67. 
 
 Dead willow twigs. 
 
 2316. H. Herbarum, Fr. (Peziza Herbarum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95.) 
 
 Dead stems. 
 
 2317. H. epiphyllum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 98. 
 
 Fallen leaves. 
 
 2318. H. Sarmentorum, De Not. 
 
 Dead grape vines. 
 
 807. DERMATEA, Fr. 
 
 2319. D. fascicularis, A. andS. (Peziza fascicularis,Yr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96.) 
 
 Dead poplar trunks and branches. 
 
 2320. D. furfuracea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 96. 
 
 Dead alders. 
 
 2321. D. carpinea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 62. (Patellaria carpinea. Berk.) 
 
 Dead trunks of Carpinus. 
 
 2322. D. acericola, Pk. (Nodularia acericola , Pk. Reg. Rep. 25 p. 98.) 
 
 Dead Acer spicatum. 
 
 808. PATELLARIA, Fr. 
 
 2323. P. atrata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 96. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2324. P. indigotica, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
157 
 
 2325. P. fusispora, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 67. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2326. P. lignyota, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2327. P. leptospermum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 62. 
 
 Decaying wood of maple. 
 
 2328. P. rhabarbarinum, Berk. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Dead stems of Rubus villosus. 
 
 809 SPHINCTRINA, Fr. 
 
 2329. S. turbinata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 On lichens. 
 
 2330. S. tigillaris, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 68. 
 
 On Polyporus pergamenus and P. abietinus. 
 
 2331. S. gummae, B. and M. (S. Cerasi, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97.) 
 
 On gum of cherry. 
 
 810. TYMPANIS, Tode. 
 
 2332. T. alnea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Dead alders. 
 
 2333. T. Fraxini, Schw. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 108. 
 
 Dead branches of ash. 
 
 2334. T. gyrosa, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. 
 
 Dead branches of apple. 
 
 2335. T. turbinata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 62. 
 
 Dead Diervilla trijida. 
 
 811. URNULA, Fr. 
 
 2336. U. Craterium, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. ( Peziza Craterium, Schw., 
 
 Cenangium Craterium , Fr., Dermea Craterium , Schw.) 
 
 Half buried sticks. 
 
 812. CENANGIUM, Fr. 
 
 2337. C. Cerasi, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Dead cherry. 
 
 2338. C. Prunastri, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Dead cherry. 
 
 2339. C. Aucupariae, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 68. 
 
 Dead branches of Amelanchier . 
 
 2340. C. Pinastri, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Dead branches of pine. 
 
158 
 
 2341. C. seriatum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Dead birch. 
 
 2342. C. populinum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Dead poplar. 
 
 2343. C. triangulare, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Dead oak. 
 
 2344. C. Viburni, Schw. 
 
 Dead Viburnum lantanoides. 
 
 813. ASCOBOLUS, Tode. 
 
 2345. A. furfuraceus. Pers. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. 
 
 Cow dung. 
 
 2346. A. ciliatus, Schm. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. 
 
 Cow dung. 
 
 814. ANGELINA, Fr. 
 
 2347. A. rufescens, Duby. ( Ascobolus conglomerates, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, 
 
 P- 95-) 
 
 Decaying chestnut and oak. 
 
 815. BULGARIA, Fr. 
 
 2348. B. inquinans, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Dead oak. 
 
 2349. B. rufa, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 62. 
 
 Ground or buried sticks. 
 
 2350. B. sarcoides, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 95. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2351. B. purpurea, Fckl. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. ( Coryne purpurea , Fckl.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 816. STICTIS, Pers. 
 
 2352. S. radiata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 99. 
 
 Dead bark. 
 
 2353. S. Pupula, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 69. 
 
 Dead poplar. 
 
 2354. S. versicolor, Fr. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2355. S. hysterina, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 69. 
 
 Dry pine branches. 
 
159 
 
 8i 7- PHACIDIUM, Fr. 
 
 2356. P. Pini, Fr. (P. crustaceum , B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. Xyloma 
 
 Pini , A. and S.) 
 
 Dead pine branches. Our specimens apparently belong to the 
 form noticed in Elenchus II, p. 136, in which the perithecia 
 have a cinereous hue by reason of the covering epidermis. 
 
 818. RHYTISMA, Fr. 
 
 2357. R. salicinum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Living leaves of willows. 
 
 2358. R. acerinum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of maple. 
 
 2359. R. punctatum, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of maple. This is thought by some to be a form 
 of the preceding species. 
 
 2360*. R. Prini, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Living leaves of Ilex verticillata. 
 
 2361. R. Canadensis, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100. 
 
 Living leaves of Nemopanthes Canadensis. Name simplified 
 from R. Ilicis- Canadensis. R. Asteris, Schw., and R. Soli- 
 daginis , Schw., have never been found fertile, and are, in my 
 opinion, simply insect galls. 
 
 2362. R. Andromedae, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100. 
 
 Living leaves of Andromeda poli folia. 
 
 819. GLONIUM, Muhl. 
 
 2363. G. stellatum, Muhl. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2364. G. parvulum, Ger. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 63. (G. medium, Cke.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2365. G. lineare, Fr. ( Hysterium lineare, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97.) 
 
 Decaying, wood. 
 
 820. HYSTERIUM, Tode. 
 
 2366. H. pulicare, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. H . betulignum, Schw., is not specifically dis- 
 tinct from H. pulicare. 
 
 2367. H. truncatulum, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 63. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2368. H. Rousselii, De Not. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 69. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
160 
 
 2369 . H. tortile, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100 
 
 Dead wood and bark of Thuja occidentalis. 
 
 2370 . H. insidens, Schw. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 821. HYSTEROGRAPHIUM, Cd. 
 
 2371 . H. Fraxini, Pers. (. Hysterium Fraxini , Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Dead branches of ash. 
 
 822. TRIBLIDIUM, Reb. 
 
 2372 . T. hiascens, B. and C. (. Hysterium hiascens, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 22 
 
 P- 97.) 
 
 Bark of Quercus alba . 
 
 823. HYPODERMA, DC. 
 
 2373 . H. Virgultorum, DC. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Dead twigs This and the four following species were for- 
 merly placed under the genus Hysterium. 
 
 2374 . H. Rubi, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Dead twigs of Rubus villosus. 
 
 2375 . H. commune, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 824. LOPHODERMIUM, Chev. 
 
 2376 . L. Pinastri, Schrad. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Fallen pine Leaves. 
 
 2377 . L. Rhododendri, Schw. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 108. 
 
 Leaves of Rhododendron maximum. 
 
 825. COLPOMA, Wallr. 
 
 2378 . C. juniperinum, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84 : ibid. 29, p. 63, 
 
 Bark of Juniperus Virginiana. 
 
 826. TORRUBIA, Lev. 
 
 2379 . T. ophioglossoides, Tul. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100. 
 
 Buried larvae. 
 
 2380 . T. militaris, L. ( Cordyceps militaris , Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63.) 
 
 Buried larvae. 
 
 827. EPICHLOE, Fr. 
 
 2381 . E. typhina, Berk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 71. 
 
 Living stems of grasses and carices. 
 
161 
 
 828. HYPOCREA. Fr. 
 
 2382 . H. gelatinosa, Tode. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 100. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2383 . H. citrina, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Old Polypori, etc. 
 
 2384 . H. alutacea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Apparently parasitic on Spathularia. 
 
 2385 . H. Richardsonii, B. and M. Reg. Rep, 22, p. 97 : ibid. 24, p. 103. 
 
 Dead poplar. 
 
 2386 . H. contorta, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2387 . H. chromosperma, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 56. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2388 . H. Patella, C. & P. Reg. Rep. 29. p. 57. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 829. HYPOMYCES, Tul. 
 
 2389 . H. Lactifluorum, Schw. (. Hypocrea Lactifluorum , Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, 
 
 P- 970 
 
 Parasitic on fungi. 
 
 2390 . H. aurantius, Pers. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 108. 
 
 Decaying fungi. 
 
 830. CHILONECTRIA, Sacc. 
 
 2391 . C. Rosellinii, Carest. (Nectria balsamea, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, 
 
 p. 84.) 
 
 Dead bark of Abies balsamea. 
 
 2392 . C. callista, B. and C. (Spk&ria callista , B. and C. Reg. Rep. 28, 
 
 P- 77 -) 
 
 Dead bark of Cornus alternifolia. This is Sphceria callista , 
 
 B. and C., in Ravenal’s Fung. Car. Exsic. Fasc. V. No. 67, 
 and Cucurbitaria callista , B. and C., in Grevillea,Vol. IV, p. 
 47. Both in the Ravenelian specimens and in the New York 
 specimens, the asci are polysporous, and I have therefore 
 referred the species to the genus Chilonectria. 
 
 2393 . C. ootheca, B. and C. Sphceria ootheca, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 99.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 831. NECTRIA. Fr. 
 
 2394 . N. cinnabarina, Tode. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
162 
 
 2395. N. cucurbitula, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Dead branches of Rhamnus. 
 
 2396. N. inaurata, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Dead stems of Celastrus, Rhus , etc. 
 
 2397. N. coccinea, Pers. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Dead Alnus , Corpinus , etc. 
 
 2898. N. episphaeria, Tode. Reg. Rep. 27, p. 108. 
 
 Old sphaeriaceous fungi. 
 
 2399. N. Celastri, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Dead Celastrus scandens. 
 
 2400. N. Ribis, Tode. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 84. 
 
 Dead stems of Ribes rubrum , 
 
 2401. N. Peziza, Tode. Reg Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 832. GIBBERA, Fr. 
 
 2402. G. pulicaris, Fr. {Nectria pulicaris, Fr. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 76.) 
 
 Old corn stalks. 
 
 833. MELANOSPORA, Cd. 
 
 2403. M. lagenaria, Pers. ( Sphceria lagenaria, Pers. Reg. Rep. 27. p. no. 
 
 Old Polypori. 
 
 834. XYLARIA, Fr. 
 
 2404. X. polymorpha, Grev. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2405. X. grandis, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 85. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2406. X. corniformis, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24. p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2407. X. acuta, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 101. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2408. X. digitata, Grev. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2409. X. Hypoxylon, Grev. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 835. HYPOXYLON, Fr. 
 
 2410. H. concentricum, Bolt. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. This is Daldinia concentrica of some authors. 
 Hypoxylon vernicosum , Schw., is a mere form of this species. 
 
163 
 
 2411. H. coccineum, Bull. ( H . fragi forme, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 9^) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2412. H. Howeanum, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2413. H. fuscum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2414. H. cohaerens, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood of beech. 
 
 2415. H. Morseii, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood of alder. 
 
 2416. H. Blakeii, B. and C. 
 
 Decaying wood of willow. 
 
 2417. H. serpens, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2418. H. perforatum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2419. H. multiforme, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Decaying wood and bark. 
 
 2420. H. suborbiculare, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 63. 
 
 Decaying wood of black ash. This is Diatrype cercidicola, 
 B. and C. Report 25, p. 100. 
 
 2421. H. fuscopurpureum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 71. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2422. H. atropurpureum, Fr. 
 
 Decaying wood of Tilia Americana. 
 
 836. NUMMULARIA, Tul. 
 
 2423. N. Bulliardi, Tul. (. Hypoxylon clypeus, Schw. H. nummularia , Bull. 
 
 Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98.) 
 
 Dead trunks and branches of oak and maple. 
 
 837. EUTYPA, Tul. 
 
 2424. E. spinosa, Pers. ( Sphceria limaformis , Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 97.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2425. E. lata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 102. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 838. MELOGRAMMA, Fr. 
 
 2426. M. Bulliardi, Tul. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 71. 
 
 Bark of Carpinus. 
 
164 
 
 2427. ^. superficialis, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 57. 
 
 Living bark of mountain ash. 
 
 2428. M. fuliginosa, M. and N. (M. Quercuum, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23. 
 
 P- 63.) 
 
 Dead branches of oak, etc. 
 
 2429. M. gyrosa, Schw. ( Sphceria gyrosa , Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p, 99, 
 
 Endothia gyrosa, Fckl.) 
 
 Decaying wood of beech. 
 
 839. DOTHIDEA, Fr. 
 
 2430. D. Sambuci, Pers. Reg. Rep 24, p. 99. 
 
 Dead stems of Sambucus Canadensis . 
 
 2431. D. Ribesia, Pers. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 99. 
 
 Dead stems of Ribes rubrum. 
 
 2432. D. Linderae, Ger. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 71. 
 
 Dead branches of Lindera Benzoin. 
 
 2433. D. vimincola, Schw. Reg. Rep. 30. p. 64. ( Hysterium vimincola , 
 
 Schw.) 
 
 Dead branches of Diervilla trijida. 
 
 2434. D. clavispora, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 76. (. Hysterium clavisporum, 
 
 C. and P. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 69.) 
 
 Dead stems of Phragmites communis. 
 
 2435. D. Osmundae, P. and C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 64. 
 
 Dead stems of Osmunda regalis. 
 
 840. PHYLLACHORA, Nke. 
 
 2436. P. Potentillae, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 100. 
 
 Leaves of Potentilla Canadensis. This and the three following 
 species were formerly referred to the genus Sphceria. 
 
 2437. P. perisporioides, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 80. 
 
 Leaves of Desmodium Canadense. 
 
 2438. P. graminis, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 64. 
 
 Leaves of grasses. 
 
 2439. P. Ulmi, Sow. ( Sphceria Ulmea, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 99.) 
 
 Leaves of elms. 
 
 2440. P. Trifolii, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 102. 
 
 Leaves of Trifolium pratense. 
 
 841. DIATRYPE, Fr. 
 
 2441. D. stigma, Hoffm. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 
165 
 
 2442 . D. disciformis, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2443 . D. platystoma, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26 p. 85. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2444 . D. atropunctata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 101. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2445 . D. Duriaei, Mont. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2446 . D. virescens, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches of beech. 
 
 2447 . D. quadrata, Schw. ( L . obesa, B. and C. D. brunnea , C. and P.) 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2448 . D. anomala, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 72. 
 
 Dead trunks of Corylus. 
 
 842. DIATRYPELLA, Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2449 . D. Cephalanthi, Schw. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 58. 
 
 Dead Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
 
 2450 . D. discoidea, C. and P. ( Diatrype discoidea, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 28, 
 
 p. 71.) 
 
 Dead Betula populifolia. 
 
 2451. D. prominens, Howe. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 72. 
 
 Dead Platcinus occidentalis. 
 
 2452. D. Tocciaeana, DeNot. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 86. 
 
 Dead Alnus incana. 
 
 843. MELANCONIS, Tul. 
 
 2453. M. stilbostoma, Fr. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 86. (Valsa stilbostoma. Fr. Reg. 
 
 Rep. 22, p. 98.) 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2454 . M. bicornis, Cke. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 72. 
 
 Dead Platanus occidentalis. 
 
 844. HERCOSPORA, Fr. 
 
 2455 . H. Tiliae, Fr. 
 
 Dead branches of Tilia Americana. Sphceria Tilia, Reg. Rep. 
 24, p. 99, is a synonym of this, as also are Valsa Tilia, Val- 
 saria Tilia and Valsa tilaginea. Rabenhorstia Tilia and 
 Exosporium Tilia are considered by some to be other con- 
 ditions of this species. 
 
166 
 
 845- CRYPTOSPORA, Tul. 
 
 2456. C. suffusa, Fr. (Valsa suffusci, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 74.) 
 
 Dead alders. 
 
 2457. C. femoralis, Pk. ( Valsa femoralis , Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 74.) 
 
 Dead alders and basswood. 
 
 846. QUATERNARIA, Tul. 
 
 2458. Q. Persoonii, Nke. (Valsa quaternata, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 103.) 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 847. VALSA, Fr. 
 
 2459. V. stellulata, Fr. (Diatryphe haustella , Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63.) 
 
 Dead trunks and branches. 
 
 2460. V. juglandicola, Schw. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 64. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches of Carya alba. 
 
 2461. V. nivea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 98. 
 
 Dead trunks and branches of poplars. 
 
 2462. V. leucostoma, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Dead branches of plums, etc. 
 
 2463. V. salicina, Fr. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 98. 
 
 Dead branches of willows. 
 
 2464. V. ambiens, Fr. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 102. 
 
 Dead branches of poplars, etc. 
 
 2465. V. Platani, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 103. 
 
 Dead branches of Platanus. 
 
 2466. V. Vitis, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 103. 
 
 Dead branches of Vitis. 
 
 2467. V. Pini, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 24, P. 99. 
 
 Dead branches of pine trees. 
 
 2468. V. colliculus, Wormsk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 103. 
 
 Dead branches of pine trees. 
 
 2469. V. Alni, Pk. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 103. 
 
 Dead branches of alders. 
 
 2470. V. centripeta, Fr. Reg. Rep. 26, p, 86. 
 
 Dead branches of alders. 
 
 2471. V. aculeans, Schw. (Spharia aculeans, Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 99.) 
 
 Dead branches of sumach. 
 
167 
 
 848. CUCURBIT ARIA, Fr. 
 
 2472 * C. elongata, Grev. ( Sphceria elongata , Fr. Reg. Rep. 23. p. 64.) 
 
 Dead branches of Robinia 
 
 2473 . C. Berberidis, Gray. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 65. 
 
 Dead barberry. 
 
 849. MASSARIA, DeNot. 
 
 2474 . M. vomitoria, B. and C. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 65. 
 
 Dead maple. 
 
 2475 . M. atroinquinans, B. and C. 
 
 Dead buttonwood. 
 
 850. LOPHIOSTOMA, DeNot. 
 
 2476 . L. triseptata, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 76. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 851. SPHCERIA, Hall. 
 
 Modern mycologists have divided the old genus Sphceria into many smaller 
 genera with narrower limits. Most of our species fall readily enough into these 
 modern genera, but in a few instances these generic limits are not wholly satis- 
 factory, and will need some modification. So far as possible I have grouped our 
 species with reference to these modern genera. C. H. P. 
 
 § 1 . SPHsEKIA proper. 
 
 2477 . S. monosperma, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. There is a genus of lichens, Sporopodium , 
 % Mont., whose species have spores similar to those found in 
 
 this Sphceria , but in other respects the plants are quite 
 unlike. 
 
 2478 . S. exilis, A. and S. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 61. 
 
 Decaying wood. The bristly perithecia separate this species 
 from the genus Ccelo sphceria. Perhaps the more comprehen- 
 sive genus Nitschkia might include it. 
 
 2479 . S. morbosa, Schw. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 64. 
 
 Living branches of plum and cherry trees. This species has 
 been referred by some botanists to the genus Cucurbitaria, 
 but it does not well agree with the characters of that genus. 
 It comes very near to Dimerosporium, Fckl., from which its 
 cylindrical (not ovoid) asci separate it. 
 
 2480 . S. fraxicola, Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 105. 
 
 Fallen ash leaves. 
 
168 
 
 2481. S. Daturae, Schw. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 79. 
 
 Dead stems of Datura Tatula. 
 
 § 2. ROSELLINIA , DeNot. 
 
 2482. S. aquila, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 63. 
 
 Decaying wood and branches. 
 
 2488. S. pulveracea, Ehrh. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 104. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2484. S. millegrana, Schw. 
 
 This species scarcely differs from the preceding except in the 
 size and shape of the spores. 
 
 2485. S. hirtissima, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 78. 
 
 Decaying wood of pine. 
 
 2485. S. capillifera, Curr. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2487. S. mutans, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 87 : ibid. 29, p. 64. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 3. BOMBARDIA, Fr. 
 
 2488. S. bombarda, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 104. (Bombardia fasciculata 
 
 Fr.) 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 4. LEPTOSPORA, Rabh. 
 
 2489. S. spermoides, Hoffm. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 61. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 5. BERT/A, DeNot. 
 
 2490. S. moriformis, Tode. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 104. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 6. MELANOMMA, Nke. 
 
 2491. S. pulvis-pyrius, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 7. SORDAR/A, Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2492. S. coprophila, Fr. ( Hypoxylon coprophila, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23. p. 63.) 
 
 Cow dung. 
 
 2493. S. leucoplaca, B. and R. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 105. 
 
 Cow 'dung. 
 
 § 8. SP OR OR MIA , DeNot. 
 
 2494. S. minima, And. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 78. 
 
 Cow dung. 
 
169 
 
 § 9. LAS/OSPHASR/A , Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2495. S ovina, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 10. TRICH OSPHALRIA , Fckl. 
 
 2496. S. exigua, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 65. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 §11. E CHN 10 SPH/ERIA , Fckl. 
 
 2497. S. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 65. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 12. CERA TO STOMA, Fr. 
 
 2498. S. rostrata, Tode. Reg Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2499. S. rubefaciens, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 79. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 2500. S. pilifera, Fr. Reg. Rep. 27, p. no. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 13. D/A P OR THE , Nke. 
 
 2501. S. spiculosa, Pers. Reg. Rep. 29, p 61. 
 
 Dead branches. 
 
 2502. S. aculeata, Schw. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 § 14. RAPHIDOPHORA, Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2503. S. rubella, Pers. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 104. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2504. S. acuminata, Sow. Reg Rep. 22, p. 99. 
 
 Dead stems of Cirsium, etc. 
 
 § 15. ZIGNOELLA, Sacc. 
 
 2505. S. pulviscula, Curr. 
 
 Decaying wood. 
 
 § 16. PLAGIOSTOMA, Fckl. 
 
 2506. S. eccentrica, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 105. 
 
 Dead stems of Polygonum . 
 
 § 17. PLEOSPORA, Rabh. 
 
 2507. S. Herbarum, Pers. Reg. Reg. 30, p. 67. 
 
 Dead Scirpus validus . 
 
 2508. S. infectoria, Fckl. 
 
 Dead Calamagrostis arenaria. 
 
170 
 
 § 18. LEP TOSPHAERIA, Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2509. S. Doliolum, Pers. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 64. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2510. S. subconica, C. and P. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 87. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2511. S. complanata, Tode. 
 
 Dead stems of herbs. 
 
 2512. S. staphylina, Pk. Reg. Rep. 26, p. 86. 
 
 Dead branches of Staphylea trifolia 
 
 2513. S. taxicola, Pk. Reg. Rep. 24, p. 99. 
 
 Leaves of Taxus Canadensis. 
 
 2514. S. Hendersonia, Ellis. ( S . fuscella, B. and Br. Reg. Rep. 26, p 87. 
 
 S. melantera, Pk. Reg. Rep. 29, p. 62.) 
 
 Dead stems of Rubus strigosus. 
 
 § 19. GNOMONIA , Ces. and DeNot. 
 
 2515. S. fimbriata, Pers. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 100. 
 
 Living leaves of Carpinus and Ostrya. 
 
 2516. S. Coryli, Batsch. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 100. 
 
 Living leaves of Corylus. 
 
 2517. S. tubaeformis, Tode. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 80. 
 
 Fallen leaves of Carya alba. 
 
 2518. S. melanostyla, DC. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 105 
 
 Fallen leaves of Rubus odoratus. 
 
 2519. S. amoena, Nees. (5. petiolorum y Schw. Reg. Rep. 25, p. 105.) 
 
 Petioles of ash leaves. 
 
 852. SPH^ERELLA, DeNot. 
 
 2520. S. maculaeformis, Pers. ( Sphceria maculoeformis , Pers. Reg. Rep. 26, 
 
 p. 86. 
 
 Fallen leaves of Nyssa. 
 
 2521. S. onosmodina, Pk. ( Sphceria onosmodina , Pk. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 67.) 
 
 Dead stems of Onosmodium Carolhiianum. 
 
 2522. S. Sarraceniae, Schw. ( Sphceria Sarracenice , Schw. Reg. Rep. 24, 
 
 p. 99. 
 
 Leaves of Sarracenia purpurea, 
 
 2523. S. sparsa, Amd. Reg. Rep 28, p. 81. 
 
 Leaves of Tilia and Betula. 
 
 2524. S. oblivia, Cke. Reg. Rep 28, p. 81. 
 
 Leaves of Rhododendron maximum. 
 
171 
 
 2525. S. carpinea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 81. 
 
 Leaves of Carpinus . 
 
 2526. S. indistincta, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 81. 
 
 Fronds of Pteris aquilina . 
 
 2527. S. Impatientis, P. & C. Reg. Rep. 30, p. 67. 
 
 Leaves of Impatiens fulva. 
 
 853. VENTURIA, DeNot. 
 
 2528. V. Clintonii, Pk. Reg. Rep. 28, p. 82. 
 
 Leaves of Cornus circinata. 
 
 854. STIGMATEA, Fr. 
 
 2529. S. Robertiani, Fr. {Dothidea Robertiani, Fr. Reg. Rep. 23, p. 65.) 
 
 Living leaves of Geranium Robertianum. 
 
 855. MICROTHYRIUM, Desm. 
 
 2530. M. Smilacis, DeNot. Reg. Rep. 24, p, 85. 
 
 Dead stems of Smilax. 
 
 856. DICHtENA, Fr. 
 
 2531. D. faginea, Fr. Reg. Rep. 22, p. 96. 
 
 Bark of living beech. 
 
 2532. D. quercina, Fr. 
 
 Bark of living oak. 
 
 Order 117. Charace^e. 
 
 857. CHARA, L. 
 
 2533. C. fragilis, Desv. ( C . foetida of authors.) 
 
 2534. C. coronata, Ziz. 
 
 858. NITELLA, Agardh. 
 
 2535. N. flexilis, Agardh. 
 
 Order ij8. Alg^e. 
 
 Sub-Order i. RHODOPHYCE.E. 
 
 859. BATRACHOSPERMUM, Roth. 
 
 2536. B. moniliforme, Roth. 
 
 Rapids of Niagara River, on the Canadian side, opposite Buf- 
 falo, June, 1882. 
 
S6o. CHANTRANSIA, Fries. 
 
 2537. C. violacea, Kuetz. (C. expansa , H. C. Wood.) 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. Gowanda, Erie Co. 
 
 861. PORPHYRIDIUM, Naeg. 
 
 2538. P. cruentum, Naeg. 
 
 Johnson’s Park, and on earth in a garden at No 83, Mohawk 
 St., Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 Sub-Order 2. CHLOROPHYLLOPH YCE£, 
 
 862. APHANOCHyETE, Braun. 
 
 2539. A. repens, A. Braun. 
 
 Abundant on (Edogonium , from the sulphur spring on the 
 margin of Scajauquady’s Creek, near Buffalo Park, Sept., 
 1882. 
 
 863. COLEOCHyETE, Breb. 
 
 2540. C. scutata, Breb. 
 
 Abundant on TypJia , Anacharis, etc. 
 
 864. CHyETOPHORA, Schrank. 
 
 2541. C. endiviaefolia, Agardh. 
 
 2542. C. elegans, Agardh. 
 
 865. DRAPARNALDIA, Agardh. 
 
 2543. D. plumosa, Agardh. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 2544. D. glomerata, Agardh. 
 
 Alden, Erie Co. 
 
 866. STIGEOCLONIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 2545. S. tenue, Rabenh. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 2546. S. 
 
 Niagara River, West Seneca, Erie Co., and elsewhere. 
 
 867. CHROOLEPUS, Agardh. 
 
 2547 C. aureum, Kuetz. 
 
 Niagara Falls; Caledonia, Liv. Co. Miss Mary L. Wilson. 
 
173 
 
 2548. 
 
 2549. 
 
 2550. 
 
 2551. 
 
 2552. 
 
 2553. 
 
 2554. 
 
 2555. 
 
 2556. 
 
 2557. 
 
 2558. 
 
 2559. 
 
 2560. 
 
 868. ULOTHRIX, Kuetz. 
 
 U. rivularis, Kuetz. 
 
 Abundant in a spring in the grounds of the State Lunatic 
 Asylum, Buffalo, Sept., 1882. 
 
 U. subtilis, Kuetz. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 869. HORMISCIA, Aresch. 
 
 H. zonata, Aresch. 
 
 870. BULBOCH^TE, Agardh. 
 
 B. intermedia, DeBary. 
 
 Gowanda, Erie Co.; Fort Erie, Ont. 
 
 871. CEDOGONIUM, Link. 
 
 CE. stagnata, Wittr. 
 
 Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo. Determined by Wolle . 
 
 CE. pachydermum, Wittr. 
 
 Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo. Determined by Wolle. 
 
 872. CLADOPHORA, Kuetz. 
 
 C. canalicularis, Roth. 
 
 Three Sisters Islands, Niagara Falls. Wolle. 
 
 C. glomerata, Kuetz. 
 
 Everywhere in Niagara River where the current is strong. 
 
 C. fracta, Dillw. 
 
 Wolle. 
 
 873. RHIZOCLONIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 R. Horsfordii, Wolle. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. F. H. Horsford. {Bull. Torr. Bot. Club , 
 Vol. IX. p. 26.) 
 
 874. CONFERVA, L. 
 
 C. bombycina, Agardh. 
 
 875. VAUCHERIA, DC. 
 
 V. caespitosa, Agardh. 
 
 V. sessilis, DC. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Woll 
 
174 
 
 2561. 
 
 2562. 
 
 2563. 
 
 2564. 
 
 2565. 
 
 2566. 
 
 2567. 
 
 2568. 
 
 2569. 
 
 2570. 
 
 2571. 
 
 2572. 
 
 2573. 
 
 2574. 
 
 2575. 
 
 876. HYDROGASTRUM, Desv. 
 
 H. Wallrothii, Kuetz. 
 
 Damp earth, Buffalo. Wolle. 
 
 H. granulatum, Desv. 
 
 Exposed soil, Buffalo. Wolle . 
 
 877. PLEUROCARPUS, A. Braun. 
 
 P. mirabilis, A. Braun. 
 
 878. ZYGOGONIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 Z. anomalum, Kuetz. 
 
 879. SPIROGYRA. Link. 
 
 S. crassa, Kuetz. 
 
 Abundant at Squaw Island, Niagara River. 
 
 S. nitida, Link. 
 
 Wolle. 
 
 S. elongata, Kuetz. 
 
 Port Colborne, Ont.. July 1, 1882. 
 
 S. quinina, Kuetz. 
 
 S. longata, Kuetz. 
 
 Wolle. 
 
 880. STAUROASTRUM, Meyen. 
 
 S. oxyacanthum, Archer. 
 
 S. gracile, Ralfs. 
 
 S. margaritaceum, Menegh. 
 
 S. dejectum, Breb. 
 
 881. DIDYMOPRIUM, Kuetz. 
 D. Grevillii, Kuetz. 
 
 882. PLEUROTvENIUM, Naeg. 
 P. Baculum, DeBary. 
 
 883. CLOSTERIUM, Nitzsch. 
 
 2576. C. parvulum, Naeg. 
 
 2577. C. Dianae, Ehrb. 
 
 2578. C. Lunula, Ehrb. 
 
175 
 
 884. PALMOGLCEA, Kuetz. 
 
 2579. P. , (?) 
 
 Gowanda, Erie Co., June, 1882. 
 
 885. VOLVOX, L. 
 
 2580. V. Globator, L. 
 
 Everywhere about Buffalo, in ponds and ditches. Especially 
 abundant in autumn with Chara fragilis. 
 
 886. PEDIASTRUM, Meyen. 
 
 2581. P. Boryanum, Menegh. 
 
 887. HYDRODICTYON, Roth. 
 
 2582. H. utriculatum, Roth. 
 
 Immense quantities are in Niagara River, at the head of Squaw 
 Island, and Scajauquady’s Creek, in autumn. 
 
 888. SCENEDESMUS, Meyen. 
 
 2583. S. quadricauda, Breb. 
 
 2584. S. acutus, Meyen., var obliquus, Rabenh. 
 
 2585. S. obtusus, Meyen. 
 
 Rare. On wall of old mill, Black Rock harbor, North Buffalo. 
 
 889. DICTYOSPHyERIUM, Naeg. 
 
 2586. D. pulchellum, H. C. Wood. 
 
 In a swamp at Springville, Erie Co., June. 
 
 890. HORMOSPORA, Breb. 
 
 2587. H. geminella, Wolle. 
 
 In pools of exposed water, Buffalo. Wolle . {Bull. Torr. 
 Bot. Club , Vol. VI, p. 140.) 
 
 891. RHAPHIDIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 2588. R. polymorphum, Fresen. 
 
 In the Buffalo City water supply, and elsewhere. 
 
 892. TETRASPORA, Link. 
 
 2589. T. lubrica, Agardh. 
 
 Rivers and ponds in early summer. Abundant. 
 
 893. PALM ELLA, Lyngb. 
 
 2590. P. miniata, Leibl. 
 
 Wet earth at Black Rock, (North Buffalo), June, 1882. 
 
176 
 
 2591. P. hyalina, Breb. 
 
 Abundant in ditches in April and May. 
 
 894. PLEUROCOCCUS, Menegh. 
 
 2592. P. roseo-persicinus, Rabenh. 
 
 Especially abundant on the submerged parts of water-plantain, 
 
 (A /ism a Plantago.) 
 
 2593. P. miniatus, Naeg. 
 
 2594. P. vulgaris, Menegh. 
 
 895. CYLINDROCAPSA, Reinsch. 
 
 2595. C. geminata, Wolle. 
 
 Wolle. 
 
 Sub-Order 3. PHYCOCHROMOPHYCEiE. 
 
 896. SCHIZOSIPHON, Kuetz. 
 
 2596. S. intertentus, Grun. 
 
 Determined by Wolle. 
 
 2597. S. crustiformis, Naeg. 
 
 Determined by Wolle. 
 
 2598. S. Cataractae, Naeg. 
 
 Niagara Falls, Wolle. 
 
 897. SYMPHYOSIPHON, Kuetz. 
 
 2599. S. incrustans, Kuetz. 
 
 On rocks exposed to the spray of Niagara Falls. Wolle. 
 
 2600. S. Contarenii, Kuetz. 
 
 In same situ^ions with the last. Wolle. 
 
 898. ARTHROSIPHON Kuetz. 
 
 2601. A. alatus, Rabenh. ( Petalonema alatum, Berk ) 
 
 “ On dripping rocks under Biddle stair-case, Niagara Falls.” 
 
 Harvey. 
 
 899. DIPLOCOLON, Naeg. 
 
 2602. D. Heppii, Naeg. 
 
 Niagara Falls, Wolle. 
 
 900. SCYTONEMA, Agardh 
 
 2603. S. chrysochlorum, Kuetz. 
 
 Shaded rocks, Niagara Falls, Wolle. 
 
200 1. S. Hagetschweilerii, Rabenh. 
 
 Forming a dark brown coating on wet rocks, Niagara Falls. 
 “ Probably Wood’s S. cataracta.” Wolle. 
 
 2605. S. Austinii, H. C. Wood. (?) 
 
 Wet rocks, Niagara Falls. 
 
 2606. S. Cataractae, H. C Wood. 
 
 “ This species grows abundantly in Niagara River on the rocks 
 below the great cataract.” H. C. Wood. 
 
 901. MASTIGONEMA, Schwabe. 
 
 2607. M. Orsinianum, Kuetz. 
 
 “ On rocks in rapids of Niagara River.” Wolle . 
 
 2G03. M. caespitosum, Kuetz. 
 
 2609 M. plana, Rabenh. 
 
 Wet rocks at Portage, Genesee River. Wolle. 
 
 902. ZONOTRICHIA, J. Agardh. 
 
 2(510. Z. mollis, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Cave of the winds, Niagara Falls. H. C. Wood. 
 
 2611. Z. parcezonata, H C. Wood. 
 
 Cave of the winds, Niagara Falls. H C. Wood. 
 
 2612. Z. chrysocoma, Rabenh. 
 
 Moist earth, Niagara Falls. Wolle. Wolle suggests that 
 
 Wood’s Z. parcezonata is probably only the young growth of 
 this species. {Bull Torr. Bot. Club , Vol. VI, p. 138.) 
 
 903 RIVULARIA, Agardh. 
 
 2613 R. cartilaginea, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Niagara River in autumn, on various aquatic plants. 
 
 904. GLOIOTRICHIA, J. Agardh. 
 
 2614. G. incrustata, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo, Sept., 1882 : its abundant, gel- 
 atinous spheres attached to various plants. 
 
 2615. G. gigantea, Trent. 
 
 2616. G. natans, Thuret. 
 
 “ Fronds attached to water plants in pools, Buffalo.” Wolle. 
 905. CYLINDROSPERMUM, Kuetz. 
 
 2617. C. flexuosum, Rabenh. 
 
 In a pond at “ The Front,” Buffalo, Sept., 1882. 
 
2618. 
 
 2619. 
 
 2620. 
 
 2621. 
 
 2622. 
 
 2623. 
 
 2624. 
 
 2625. 
 
 2626. 
 
 2627. 
 
 2628. 
 
 C. comatum, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Niagara Falls. “ Growing upon the ground in the marshes 
 which border the river just above the Canadian Falls.” H. 
 
 C. Wood. 
 
 906. ANAB^ENA, Bory. 
 
 A. intricata, Kuetz. 
 
 Wolle. 
 
 A. Flos-aquae, Kuetz. 
 
 Squaw Island, Niagara River. 
 
 A. gigantea, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Chautauqua Lake, Aug. 1879. This Alga had been driven by 
 the winds into sheltered places along the south-western 
 shore. The immense quantities of the plant gave the water, 
 for several feet from the shore, the color of “ pea soup,” as 
 mentioned by H. C. Wood, of the same plant in the brick 
 yards at Philadelphia, where he discovered it. 
 
 907. NOSTOC, Vauch. 
 
 N. comminutum, Kuetz. 
 
 In a pond at “ The Front,” Buffalo, May, 1882 ; Niagara City, 
 Ont., June, 1882, and elsewhere. 
 
 N. commune, Vauch. 
 
 Niagara Falls, Oct. 28, 1882. Abundant on moist ground, 
 rocks, etc. Our plant agrees well with Rabenhorst’s des- 
 cription except in the distance between the cells : — ours 
 having the cells not loosely, but closely connected. H. C. 
 Wood points out the same variation. 
 
 N. caeruleum, Lyngb. 
 
 In ponds at “ The Front,” Buffalo, May and June. 
 
 N. sphaericum, Vauch. 
 
 908. PHORMIDIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 P. vulgare, Kuetz. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co., Wolle. 
 
 909. OSCILLARIA, Bose. 
 
 O. Imperator, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Buffalo River, floating in dark, olive-colored masses, Sept , 
 1882. 
 
 O. neglecta, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Trout pond at Gowanda, June, 1882. At various dates in 
 Niagara River, forming colored strata. 
 
179 
 
 2629. O. Frcelichii, Kuetz. 
 
 In thin, green strata, Black Rock harbor (North Buffalo), and 
 elsewhere ; usually with 0. limosa. Filaments often twisted 
 together like the strands of a rope. 
 
 2630. O. nigra, Vauch. 
 
 Appearing in vast quantities in the ship canal at Black Rock, 
 (North Buffalo), in June ; floating and attached. 
 
 2631. O. limosa, Agardh. 
 
 Everywhere in thin green strata. 
 
 910. BEGGIATOA, Trevisan. 
 
 2632. B. nivea, Rabenh. 
 
 Sulphur Spring, Niagara Falls. Wolle. 
 
 911. HYPHEOTHRIX, Kuetz. 
 
 2633. H. aeruginea, Wolle. 
 
 912. SYNECHOCOCCUS, Naeg. 
 
 2634. S. elongatus, Naeg. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co., Wolle. 
 
 913. MERISMOPEDIA, Meyen. 
 
 263.'). M. nova, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. Abundant in a spring by the road 
 side- at Sawyer’s Creek, Niagara Co., Sept. 1, 1881. 
 
 914. GLCEOCAPSA, Kuetz. 
 
 2636. G. sparsa, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Wet rocks at Niagara Falls, Oct. 28, 1882. 
 
 2637. G. janthina, Naeg. 
 
 Cliffs, Niagara Falls. Wolle. 
 
 2638. G. aeruginosa, Kuetz. 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 915. CHROOCOCCUS, Naeg. 
 
 2639. C. multicoloratus, H. C. Wood. 
 
 Wet earth along the margin of Scajauquady’s Creek, with 
 other Alga. Our plant agrees well with Wood’s description 
 and figures, except only that the colors observed were the 
 usual blue-green and yellowish. 
 
 2640. C. rufescens, Naeg. 
 
 Niagara Falls. Wolle. 
 
180 
 
 Sub-Order 4. DIATOMOPHYCEvE. 
 
 916 . CLYTOTELLA, Kuetz. 
 
 2641. C. operculata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2642. C. Americana, J. W. Ward, incd. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 917 . ACTINOCYCLUS, Ehrb. 
 
 2643. A. Niagarae, H. L. Smith. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 918 . STEPHANODISCUS, Ehrb. 
 
 2644. S. Niagarae, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 919 . MELOSIRA, Agardh. 
 
 2645. M. Crotenensis, H. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2646. M. varians, Agardh. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 920 . SURIRELLA, Turpin. 
 
 2647. S. linearis, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2648. S. biseriata, Breb. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2649. S. angusta, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2650. S. splendida, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2651. S. turgida, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply.. 
 
 2652. S. ovalis, Breb. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2653. S. ovata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2654. S. minuta, Br£b. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
1SJL 
 
 921 . CYMATOPLEURA, Sm 
 
 2655. C. elliptica, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2656. C. Solea, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 922 . EPITHEMIA, Breb. 
 
 2657. E. turgida, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. / W. Ward. 
 
 2658. E. Sorex, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2659. E. ventricosa, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2660. E. gibba, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2661. E. Argus, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. Rare. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2662. var alpestris, Rabenh. ( E . alpestris , Sm.) 
 
 On bark of trees, Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 923 . EUNOTIA, Ehrb. 
 
 2663. E. Arcus, Kuetz. (Hi mantidium Arcus, Ehrb.) 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 2664. E. sp. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 924 . CYMBELLA, Agardh. 
 
 2665. C. cuspidata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2666. C. maculata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J W. Ward. Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2667. C ventricosa, Agardh. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2668. C. lunata, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. /. W. Ward. 
 
 925 . COCCONEMA, Ehrb. 
 
 2669. C. lanceolata, Ehrb. (?) 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S . Nott. 
 
182 
 
 2070. C. cymbidiformis, Ehrb., (?; 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward . 
 
 2071. C. gibba, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward , 
 
 2072. C. parva, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 926 . ENCYONEMA, Kuetz. 
 
 2073. E. prostratum, Ralfs. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 927 . AMPHORA, Ehrb. 
 
 2074. A. ovalis, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2075. A. gracilis, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. /. W. Ward. 
 
 928 . COCCONEIS, Ehrb. 
 
 2070. C. Pediculus, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 2077. C. rhombea, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo, y. W. Ward. 
 
 2678. C. striolata, Rabenh. 
 
 929 . RHOICOSPHENIA, Grun. 
 
 2679. R. curvata, Grun. ( Gomphonema curvatum, Kuetz.) 
 
 930 . ODONTIDIUM, Kuetz. 
 
 2080. O. hyemale, Kuetz. 
 
 Aurora, Erie Co. Wolle. 
 
 931 . FRAGILLARIA, Agardh. 
 
 2681. F. capucina, Desmaz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2682. F. virescens, Ralfs. 
 
 Buffalo, y. W. Ward. 
 
 2683. F. Harrisonii, Sm. ( Odontidium Harrisonii, Sm.) 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2084. F. Crotonensis, Bailey. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
183 
 
 2685. 
 
 2686. 
 
 2687. 
 
 2688. 
 
 2689. 
 
 2690. 
 
 2691. 
 
 2692. 
 
 2693. 
 
 2694. 
 
 2695. 
 
 2696. 
 
 2697. 
 
 2698. 
 
 932. SYNEDRA, Ehrb. 
 
 S. angustata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 S. linearis, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 S. pulchella, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 var. fasciculata, Rabenh. ( S . fasciculata, Sm.) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 S. Vaucheriae, Kuetz. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 S. Ulna, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 S. capitata, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 S. radians, Kuetz. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 933. ASTERIONELLA, Hassall. 
 
 A. formosa, Hassall. 
 
 Buffalo City Water supply. 
 
 934. AMPHIPLEURA, Kuetz. 
 
 A. pellucida, Kuetz. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 935. NITZSCHIA, Hassall. 
 
 N. sigmoidea, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 N. curvula, Ehrb. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 N. tenuis, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 N. minutissima, Grun. (?) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 936. NITZSCHIELLA, Rabenh. 
 
 2699. N. acicularis, Rabenh. (Nitzschia acicttlaris, Sm.) 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
184 
 
 937- NAV1CULA, Bory. 
 
 2700. N. cuspidata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2701. N. rhomboides, Ehrb. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2702. N. pygmaea, Kuetz. (N. minutula , Sm.) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2703. N. minutissima, Grun. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2704. N. Amphisbaena, Bory. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2705. N. rhyncocephala, Kuetz 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2706. N. ambigua, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2707. N. firma, Kuetz. (?) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2708. N. cryptocephala, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. .Vott. 
 
 2709. N. Hebes, Ralfs. (N. obtusa , Sm.j 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward 
 
 2710. N. gracillima, Pritch , var. tenuis, Rabenh. {Pinnularia tenuis, Greg ) 
 
 2711. N. sp. (?) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 938. PINNULARIA, Ehrb. 
 
 2712. 
 
 P. 
 
 major, Rabenh. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buffalo. J. 
 
 W, 
 
 Ward. 
 
 2713. 
 
 P. 
 
 viridis, Rabenh. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buffalo. J. 
 
 W. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 2714 
 
 P. 
 
 gibba, Ehrb. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buffalo. J. 
 
 w. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 2715. 
 
 P. 
 
 radiosa, Rabenh. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buffalo. J. 
 
 w. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 2716. 
 
 P. 
 
 nobilis, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2717. 
 
 
 var. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
185 
 
 2718. P. oblonga, Rabenh. 
 
 Buffalo. J. IV. Warn. 
 
 939 . FRUSTULIA, Agardh. 
 
 2719. F. membranacea. 
 
 2720. F. minuta. 
 
 940 . PLEUROSIGMA, Sm. 
 
 2721. P. attenuatum, Sm. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2722. P. acuminatum, Kuetz., var. lacustre, Rabenh 
 
 (P. lacustre , Sm.) 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2723. P. Spencerii, Sm. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2724. P. sp. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 941 . STAURONEIS, Ehrb. 
 
 2725. S. Phcenicenteron, Ehrb. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2726. S. gracilis, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 2727. S. anceps, Ehrb. 
 
 Buffalo. J. W. Ward. 
 
 942 . AMPHIPRORA, Ehrb. 
 
 2728. A. ornata, Bailey. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 943 . GOMPHONEMA, Agardh. 
 
 2729. G. dichotomum, Kuetz. 
 
 2730. G. capitatum, Ehrb. 
 
 2731. G. geminatum, Agardh. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2732. G. acuminatum, Ehrb. 
 
 2733. G. olivaceum, Kuetz. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2734. G. Herculaneum, Ehrb. 
 
 Niagara. Rabenhorst’s “ Flora Eur. Alg.” 
 
186 
 
 944* MERIDION, Agardh. 
 
 2735. M. circulare, Agardh. 
 
 Hamburg, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 2736. M. constrictum, Ralfs. 
 
 Hamburgh, Erie Co. E. S. Nott. 
 
 945 . TABELLARI A, Ehrb. 
 
 2737. T. fenestrata, Kuetz. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 946 . RHIZOSOLENIA, Ehrb. 
 
 2738. R. Eriensis, H. L. Smith. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 2739. R. gracilis, H. L. Smith. 
 
 Buffalo City water supply. 
 
 
Tabular View of the Flora of Buffalo and its Vicinity. 
 
 NAMES OF ORDERS. 
 
 1. Ranunculaceae, 
 
 2. Magnoliaceae, 
 
 3. Anonaceae, 
 
 4. Menispermaceae, 
 
 5. Berberidaceae, 
 
 6. Nymphaeaceae, . 
 
 7. Sarraceniaceae, 
 
 8. Papaveraceae, 
 
 9. Fumariaceae, 
 ic. Cruciferae, 
 
 1 1 . Capparidaceae , 
 
 12. Resedaceae, 
 
 13. Violaceae, 
 
 14. Cistaceae, . 
 
 15. Droseraceae, . 
 
 16. Hypericaceae, . 
 
 17. Caryophyllaceae, 
 
 18. Portulacaceae, . 
 
 19. Malvaceae, 
 
 20. Tiliaceae, . 
 
 21. Linaceae, 
 
 22 Geraniaceae, 
 
 23. Rutaceae, 
 
 24. Simarubaceae, . 
 
 25. Anacardiaceae, 
 
 26. Vitaceae, . 
 
 27. Rhamnaceae, 
 
 No. OF 
 Genera, 
 
 — 
 
 15 
 2 
 
 ; - 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 1 
 
 ! 4 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 2 
 
 | 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 1 
 4 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 No. OF 
 Species 
 and 
 
 Varieties 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 36 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
188 
 
 NAMES OF ORDERS. 
 
 1 
 
 No. OF 
 Genera. 
 
 No. or 
 Species 
 and 
 
 Varieties 
 
 28. Celastraceae, 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 29. Sapindacese, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 30. Polygalaceae, ........ 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 31. Leguminosae, ....... 
 
 17 
 
 45 
 
 32. Rosaceae, ......... 
 
 15 
 
 52 
 
 33. Saxifragaceae, ....... 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 34. Crassulaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 35. Hamamelaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 36. Halorageae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 37. Onagraceae, ........ 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 38. Lythraceae, - . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 39. Cucurbitaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 40. Umbelliferae, ........ 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 41. Araliaceae, ........ 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 42. Cornaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 43. Caprifoliaceae, ....... 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 44. Rubiaceae, ........ 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 45. Valerianaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 46. Dipsaceae, ........ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 47. Compositae, ........ 
 
 5 i 
 
 143 
 
 48. Lobeliaceae, ........ 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 49. Campanulaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 50. Ericaceae, ........ 
 
 17 
 
 29 
 
 51. Aquifoliaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 52. Plantaginaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 53. Primulaceae, 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 54. Lentibulaceae, 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 55. Bignoniaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 56. Orobanchaceae, . 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 57. Scrophulariaceae, ....*.. 
 
 15 
 
 3 ° 
 
 58. Acanthaceae, ........ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 59. Verbenaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 60. Labiatae, (Menthaceae), 
 
 25 
 
 39 
 
 61. Borraginaceae, 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 62. Hydrophyllaceae, . . . . . . • 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 63. Polemoniaceae, 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 64. Convolvulaceae, ....... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 65. Solanaceae 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 66. Gentianiaceae, ....... 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 67. Apocynaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
189 
 
 NAMES OF ORDERS. 
 
 No. OF 
 Genera. 
 
 No. OF 
 Species 
 and 
 
 Varieties 
 
 68. Asclepiadaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 69. Oleaceae, ......... 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 70. Aristolochiaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 71. Phytolaccaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 72. Chenopodiaceae, ....... 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 73. Amarantaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 74, Polygonaceae, ....... 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 75. Lauraceae, ......... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 76. Thymelaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 77. Elaegnaceae, ........ 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 78. Santalaceae, ........ 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 79. Saururaceae, ........ 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 80. Ceratophyllaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 81. Callitrichaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 82. Euphorbiaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 83. Urticaceae, ........ 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 84. Platanaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 85. Juglandaceae, . ....... 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 86. Cupuliferae, ........ 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 87 Myricaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 88. Betulaceae, . ...... 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 89. Salicaceae. ........ 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 90. Coniferae, ........ 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 91. Araceae, ......... 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 92. Lemnaceae, ........ 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 93. Typhaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 94. Naiadaceae, ........ 
 
 3 
 
 * 
 
 14 
 
 95. Alismaceae, ........ 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 96. Hydrocharidaceae, ...... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 97. Orchidaceae, 
 
 14 
 
 34 
 
 98. Iridaceae, ........ 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 99. Dioscoreaceae, ....... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 100. Smilaceae, 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 101. Liliaceae, ........ 
 
 18 
 
 3 i 
 
 102. Juncaceae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 103. Pontederiaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 104. Eriocaulonaceae, 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 105. Cyperaceae, ........ 
 
 9 
 
 105 
 
 106. Gramineae, ........ 
 
 39 
 
 88 
 
 107. Equisetaceae, 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
190 
 
 NAMES OF ORDERS. 
 
 No. OF 
 Genera. 
 
 No. of 
 Species 
 and 
 
 Varieties 
 
 108. 
 
 Ophioglossaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 109. 
 
 Filices, 
 
 14 
 
 32 
 
 no. 
 
 Lycopodiaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 in. 
 
 Selaginellaceae, ....... 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 112. 
 
 Salviniaceae, ....... 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ii 3 - 
 
 Musci, ......... 
 
 47 
 
 165 
 
 114. 
 
 Hepaticae, ........ 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 US- 
 
 Lichenes, ........ 
 
 45 
 
 204 
 
 116. 
 
 Fungi, ......... 
 
 217 
 
 869 
 
 117. 
 
 Characeae, ........ 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 118. 
 
 Algae, 
 
 88 
 
 204 
 
 
 Total 
 
 946 
 
 2739 
 
 
Supplement. 
 
 That portion of the Catalogue which includes the names of 
 our phaenogamous plants was published early in the summer of 
 1882. Circumstances, for which the compiler and his associ- 
 ates in charge of its publication are in no degree responsible, 
 have operated to prevent the appearance of the remainder of 
 the work until the present time. This delay, however, has 
 proved to be not altogether without compensations and advan- 
 tages. By reason of it the opportunity has been given to bring 
 the list much nearer completeness than otherwise would have 
 been possible. Omissions, attributable to inadvertence or mis- 
 understanding, have been supplied, doubts in respect to various 
 questions have been settled, and the addition made of more 
 than seventy-five phaenogams which were then unknown as 
 members of our Flora. 
 
 In fact, after the introduction to the Catalogue was in print, 
 and whilst the list of phaenogams was in the hands of the 
 compositor, several species were, for the first time, detected 
 within our territory, the names of which were at once assigned 
 to their proper places in the list. Hence the discrepancy, 
 (observed no doubt by many) between the number of the species 
 of several genera, as stated in the introduction, and the number 
 of the same as shown in the Catalogue itself. The preceding 
 “ Tabular View *' has been designed to correct thqs discrepancy 
 and display at a glance the numerical proportion which the 
 species and genera of each family of our plants bears to our 
 entire Flora. 
 
 The compiler has great pleasure in acknowledging the im- 
 portant kindness received by him from Judge Clinton, who, 
 with no little labor, prepared and placed at his use a list of 
 
192 
 
 such phaenogams as he had found within our limits, but which 
 had not been named in the Catalogue. They are now embraced 
 in this Supplement. To the localities of some of the rarer and 
 more interesting plants he also made a large and valuable con- 
 tribution. 
 
 Probably the most interesting addition now made to our list 
 of plants is of that remarkable orchid, Epipactis Helleborine, Irm., 
 found within the limits of our city, in July, 1882 : — its second 
 discovery in America. But, without doubt, the very large 
 addition of adventives, detected near the cattle yards at East 
 Buffalo (chiefly from the far west), will arrest the attention of 
 botanists and excite their surprise. Among these aliens are 
 many plants of especial interest. 
 
 In this connection it may be said that of the 1,295 species 
 and varieties of phaenogamous plants, now enumerated as 
 belonging to Buffalo and its vicinity, 1,01 1 are indigenous to 
 the soil, and 284 have been introduced, inadvertently or by 
 design. 
 
 The names of two species, only, require to be dropped from 
 the Catalogue, as having been improperly included : — Cam- 
 panula glomerata , L., (for which an aberrant form of C. rapuncu- 
 loides , L. had been taken), and Melica mutica, Walt. Both these 
 species had been named, with great hesitation, as members of 
 our Flora. 
 
 These and other errors, more or less important, will be found 
 corrected in the following list : but those which have seemed 
 unlikely to mislead the student have not been noticed. The 
 names of all genera and species included in the Catalogue hav- 
 ing numerals affixed to them, reference to errors is made by such 
 numbers rather than by page and line: — the more common, but, 
 in the present instance, the less convenient way. 
 
 During the year 1882, attempts were made, in the interests of 
 botanical science, to introduce into the vicinity of Buffalo, by 
 seed or otherwise, the following named plants : — 
 
 Clematis verlicillata, DC. 
 Diplotaxis tenui folia, DC. 
 Anychia dichotoma, Michx. 
 
 Phlox paniculata, L. 
 
 A trip lex rosea , L. 
 Amarantus viridis, L. 
 
193 
 
 Scleranthus annuus , L. 
 Epilobium hirsutum , L. 
 Diospyros Virginiana, L. 
 Plantago Virginica , L. 
 Dodecatheon, Meadia, L 
 Origanum vulgare , L. 
 
 Finns rigida, Miller. 
 Naias Indica , Braun. 
 Anthericum liliastrum , L. 
 Tradescantia Virginica , L. 
 Aristida , spec. 
 
 Eleusine Indica , Gaert. 
 
 It seems proper that the record of these attempts should here 
 be made, so that in case these plants, or any of them, should 
 thereby become established, the botanist of a future time may 
 not make the mistake of supposing that we had overlooked 
 them. 
 
 Buffalo, July i, 1083. 
 
 ADDITIONS. 
 
 Clematis verticillaris, DC. 
 
 Very rare. Portage, Wyom. Co. Discovered by Mrs. M. B. 
 Moody and Miss Belle Fish, of the Buffalo Naturalists’ Field 
 Club, June, 1883. Two plants only. 
 
 Thalictrum purpurascens, L. 
 
 Within our territory: locality unrecorded. Clinton . 
 
 Ranunculus aquatilis, L., var. stagnalis, DC. (R. divaricatus, Schrank ) 
 
 Pools along Niagara River, Canadian side, near Clifton, July, 
 1882. 
 
 Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh. 
 
 Port Colborne, Ont., July, 1882. 
 
 Ranunculus Flammula, L., var. reptans, Meyer. 
 
 Abundant on the shore of Grand Island, Niagara River, near 
 Sour Spring Grove. Clinton. 
 
 Hydrastis Canadensis, L. 
 
 Indian Reservation, near Cattaraugus Creek, Brandt, Erie Co. 
 
 Cimicifuga racemosa, Nutt. 
 
 Gowanda, Erie Co. , July, 1882. 
 
 Nelumbium luteum, Willd. 
 
 Mr. Charles E. Smith, of Philadelphia, a very competent bot- • 
 anist, states to us, in a letter, that in passing from Montreal 
 to Niagara, through Canada, he saw, in a number of sluggish 
 streams crossed by the railroad, this remarkable plant in 
 bloom. The fact, tending as it does to confirm Mr. 
 Co 7 vell's observation, deserves to be mentioned here. 
 
194 
 
 Argemone Mexicana, L. 
 
 The large white-flowered variety at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Adlurpia cirrhosa, Raf. 
 
 In a wood near Port Colborne, Ont., June, 1882. 
 
 Diclytra Cucullaria, DC. X D. Canadensis, DC. 
 
 Hybrids of these species found on Goat Is., Niagara Falls, and 
 at West Seneca, Erie Co , May, 1883. 
 
 Cardamine pratensis, L. 
 
 Abundant at Connewango, Catt. Co. C. Linden. 
 
 Sisymbrium Thaliana, Gay. 
 
 From its abundance and wide diffusion at -Point Abino, Ont., 
 it seems scarcely possible that this plant is not there indig- 
 enous. 
 
 Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt. 
 
 No doubt remains that the plant collected near Indian Falls 
 was of this species. 
 
 Camelina sativa, Crantz. 
 
 Abundant on the Plains, Buffalo, and at Bergen, Gen. Co. 1882. 
 Lepidium campestre, R. Br. 
 
 The smooth form at Bergen, Gen. Co., 1883. Miss Belle M. 
 
 Ross. 
 
 Raphanus sativus, L. 
 
 Often spontaneous in gardens and escaping. 
 
 Reseda odorata, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in gardens and escaping. Clinton. 
 
 Ionidium concolor, Benth. and Hook. 
 
 Near the center of Goat Is., Niagara Falls. Clinton. 
 
 Viola sagittata, Ait. 
 
 “At Jamestown, Chaut. Co., and at Rochester, and must be 
 in the district.” Clinton. 
 
 Viola pubescens, Ait., var. scabriuscula, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Common on Goat Is., Niagara Falls, and elsewhere. 
 Hypericum Canadense, L. 
 
 “ Within our district.” Clinton. 
 
 Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. 
 
 Frequently springing up from the refuse of “ bird seed.” 
 Mollugo verticillata, L. 
 
 Plentiful at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Calandrinia Menziesii, Hook. 
 
 Well established in a garden in Buffalo, and likely to extend. 
 1882. 
 
SlDA SPINOSA, L. 
 
 East Buffalo, Sept., 1882. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron, L. 
 
 An upright form of little height, on Goat Is., Niagara Falls. 
 1883. 
 
 Vitis Labrusca, L. 
 
 Dr. Engelmann , in a letter, dated Oct. 15, 1882, expresses great 
 doubt of this species being indigenous at Niagara Falls, or 
 elsewhere in our territory. A careful re-examination of the 
 ground makes it quite certain that he is right. But that the 
 plant frequently springs up, spontaneously, near vineyards 
 in our vicinity is a matter of frequent observation. 
 
 Vitis cordifolia, Lam., var. riparia, Gray. 
 
 This variety, regarded by Dr. Engelmann as a distinct species, 
 ( V. riparia , Michx.), is common at Niagara Falls and along 
 the river. It also occurs at Point Abino, Ont. The typical 
 V. cordifolia probably does not belong within our limits. 
 
 Polygala incarnata, L. 
 
 “ Near Niagara Falls, Hook." (Beck’s “ Botany of the U. S.,’” 
 p. 42.) Not seen by us. 
 
 Polygala ambigua, Nutt. 
 
 Reported by J. E. Cowell as growing at Portage, Wyom. Co. 
 1882. 
 
 Polygala paucifolia, Willd. 
 
 Reported by members of the Buffalo Naturalists’ Field Club as 
 found by them at Gowanda, Erie Co., May 19, 1883. 
 
 Lespedeza Stuvei,. Nutt. 
 
 Near Buffalo. Clinton. 
 
 Phaseolus diversifolius, Pers. 
 
 Near the ruins of Fort Erie, Ont., Sept., 1883. J. F. Cowell . 
 
 Cassia Chamaechrista, L. 
 
 A few plants found, Sept. 18.82, at East Buffalo. 
 
 POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, L. 
 
 Well established at Point Abino, Ont. 1883. 
 
 POTENTILLA SUPINA, L. (P. paradoxa, Nutt.) 
 
 At East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Potentilla recta, L. 
 
 At the wooded edge of a cultivated field near Clifton, Ont. 
 1882. 
 
 Rosa setigera, Michx. 
 
 Gowanda, Erie Co., July, 1883. 
 
196 
 
 Rosa nitida, Willd. 
 
 Not uncommon. 
 
 Rosa, micrantha, Smith. 
 
 Common at Ft. Erie, Ont. , July, 1882. 
 
 Pyrus Malus, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in old fields near Port Colborne, Ont. 1882. 
 Pyrus communis, L. 
 
 Occurring with P. Malus near Port Colborne, Ont. 1882. 
 Amelnachier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 The varieties, Botryapium , Torr. and Gray, oblongi folia , Torr. 
 and Gray, and perhaps others, are within our limits. 
 Hydrangea arborescens, L. 
 
 In “the Gulf,” at Warsaw, Wyoming Co., July, 1883. Miss 
 
 Belle M. Ross. 
 
 Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Michx. 
 
 In pools, near Niagara River, above Clifton, Ont., July, 1882. 
 
 Sicyos angulatus, L. 
 
 Point Abino, Ont. 
 
 Berula angustifolia, Koch. 
 
 Near Port Colborne, Ont., July, 1882. 
 
 Eugeni abulbosa, Nutt. 
 
 Alden, Erie Co. J. F. Cowell. 
 
 Lonicera sempervirens, Ait. 
 
 Near Fredonia, Chaut. Co. Probably introduced. Henry R. 
 
 Jones. 
 
 Galium trifidum, L., var. latifolium, Gray. 
 
 In the district. Clinton. 
 
 Aster corymbosus, Ait. 
 
 Common among the hills of the Allegany District. Clin- 
 ton. 
 
 Aster macrophyllus, L. 
 
 Inadvertently omitted from the list. 
 
 Aster tenuifolius, L. 
 
 Rare. Bergen, Gen. Co. Clinton. 
 
 Aster acuminatus, Michx, 
 
 Smoke’s Creek, West Seneca, Erie Co., and at “ Rock City,” 
 near Salamanca, Catt. Co. Clinton. 
 
 Solidago Riddellii, Frank. 
 
 Judge Clinton is of the opinion that he once found this species 
 at Bergen, Gen. Co. 
 
197 
 
 Ambrosia psylostachya, DC. 
 
 Reported by J. F. Cowell as having been found by him at East 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Xanthium Canadense, Miller. (X. strumarhim , L., of Gray’s Manual of 
 Botany ). Bristly fruited. Not uncommon in waste places. 
 
 var. echinatum, ( X . strumarium , var. echinaturn of Gray’s Manual 
 of Botany). Hairy fruited. Shore of Lake Erie, Buffalo. 
 
 The true X. strumarium , L. , a native of Europe, sparingly 
 adventive at the East, has not been recognized here. It may 
 be known by its fruit being entirely smooth. 
 
 Helianthus petiolaris, Nutt. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Helianthus lenticularis, Dougl. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Coreopsis aristosa, Michx. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Bidens cernua, L. 
 
 Abundant near the shore of Niagara River, above Clifton, 
 Ont , Oct., 1882. 
 
 Bidens bipinnata, L. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Matricaria inodora, L. (?) 
 
 Springing up where “English Lawn Grass-seed” has been 
 
 * 
 
 planted, but probably precarious. 1883. 
 
 Artemisia vulgaris, L. 
 
 Fort Erie, Ont. 1882. 
 
 Lactuca Canadensis, L., var. integrifolia, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Inadvertently omitted from the list. 
 
 Lactuca Canadensis, L. var. sanguinea, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Inadvertently omitted from the list. 
 
 Lactuca Scariola, L. 
 
 An adventive, well established at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait. 
 
 Point Abino, Ont. 1882. 
 
 Plantago Rugellii, Desc. 
 
 Here, as elsewhere, the species (erroneously called P. Kamt- 
 schatica in the Catalogue), proves to be very common and 
 is often found growing with P. major , L. 
 
 Verbascum Lychnitis, L. 
 
 Very rare, and now probably extirpated. Clinton. 
 
198 
 
 Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. 
 
 A garden weed, often springing up from the refuse of “ bird- 
 seed.” 1882. 
 
 Gerardia pedicularia, L. 
 
 Within our territory: station not given, but probably near Sal- 
 amanca, Catt. Co. Clinton. 
 
 Verbena angustifolia, Michx. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo, Aug. 22, 1882. 
 
 Verbena stricta, Vent. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo, Aug. 21, 1882. 
 
 Verbena bracteosa, Michx. 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo, Aug. 7, 1882. 
 
 Origanum vulgare, L. 
 
 Within our territory: station not given. Clintoji. 
 
 Satureia hortensis, L. 
 
 The Plains, Buffalo. 1883. J. F. Cowell. 
 
 Salvia glutinosa, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in a garden in Buffalo and likely to spread. 
 
 Monarda didyma, L. 
 
 Gowanda, Erie Co., July 11, 1883. 
 
 Heliotropium Europium, L. 
 
 A garden weed, Buffalo, and likely to continue. 
 
 Ipomcea Nil, Roth. # 
 
 Adventive at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Physalis Philadelphica, Lam. 
 
 Not uncommon at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Datura Stramonium, L. 
 
 Becoming common at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Frasera Carolinensis, Walt. 
 
 In a woods about one and one-half miles west of Brock’s 
 Monument, Queenston, Ont. Joseph Sturdy. 
 
 Gentiana Saponaria, L. 
 
 Rare. A gentian, transplanted to a garden from the vicinity 
 of Buffalo, proves to be of this species. Station unre- 
 corded. 1882. 
 
 Ligustrum vulgare, L. 
 
 Well established near Clifton, Ont. 1882. 
 
 Syringa vulgare, L. 
 
 Apparently spontaneous in one spot on Goat Is., Niagara 
 Falls. 1883. 
 
199 
 
 Chenopodium glaucum, L. 
 
 Now called Blitum glaucum , Watson. Common at East Buf- 
 falo, and at Lewiston, Niagara Co. 1882. 
 
 Chenopodium urbicum, L. 
 
 Common among the adventives at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Chenopodium murale, L. 
 
 East Buffalo ; Bath Is., Niagara Falls. Clinton. 
 
 Chenopodium ambrosioide?, L. 
 
 The typical form sparingly at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Amarantus blitoides, Watson. 
 
 Common at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
 Amarantus : (Species undetermined, probably new.) 
 
 Resembling A. blitoides and growing with it; but more erect, 
 and with narrower and longer leaves. Seeds smaller and 
 differently margined. Stems whitish. 1882. Native in Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 Amarantus spinosus, L. 
 
 At East Buffalo, but rare. 1882. 
 
 Acnida tamariscina, Gray. (?) 
 
 An Acnida , probably of this species, rather plentiful at East 
 Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Rheum Rhaponticum, L. 
 
 Spontaneous in neglected gardens and occasionally escaped. 
 One large plant noticed in a woods on the Plains, Buffalo. 
 
 Daphne Mezereum, L. 
 
 One individual, perhaps planted, seen on Goat Is., Niagara 
 Falls, growing beyond cultivated ground. 
 
 Euphorbia hypericifolia, L. 
 
 Now common at East Buffalo. 1882. 
 
 Ulmus racemosa, Thomas. 
 
 A newly felled tree, noticed near Fort Erie, Ont., April, 1883. 
 
 Corylus Americana, Walt. 
 
 Goat Is., Niagara Falls. Clinton. 
 
 Populus balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. 
 
 A single tree noticed growing near the margin of Niagara 
 River, on the Canadian side, below the Falls, far from culti- 
 vation. 1882. 
 
 Potamogeton praelongus, Wulfen. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Morong, who has examined our specimens, 
 doubts the correctness of the determination of the plant here 
 intended. 
 
200 
 
 Potamogeton marinus, 
 
 A little above Niagara Falls on the Canadian side. Rev. 
 
 • Thomas Morong. 
 
 Habenaria fimbriata, Gray. 
 
 One plant, with pure white flowers, deliciously fragrant, found 
 at Point Abino, Ont. 1882. 
 
 Epipactis Helleborine, var. viridens, Irm. 
 
 Near Scajauquady’s Creek, Buffalo : — The second known sta- 
 tion of the species on the American continent. Here first 
 found by Miss Edna M. Porter , July, 1882. Equivalent, 
 according to Gray, to E. latifolia. The plant answers ex- 
 ceedingly well to the following generic description of Epi- 
 pactis , (transcribed from Watson’s Botany of California ), 
 except as noticed in our specific description below. 
 
 “ EPIPACTIS, Haller. 
 
 ‘ ‘ Perianth spreading, the sepals and petals nearly equal ; 
 “ lip free, deeply concave at the base, without callosities, nar- 
 “ rowly constricted and somewhat jointed in the middle, the 
 “ upper portion dilated and petaloid. Column short (equal- 
 “ ingthe anther). Anther sessile behind the broad, truncate 
 “ stigma, on a slender jointed base, two celled, obtuse ; pol- 
 “ len masses coarsely granular, becoming attached above to 
 ‘ ‘ the gland capping the small rounded beak of the stigma. 
 “ Caulescent and leafy from creeping rootstocks ; flowers 
 “ few and pedicelled, rather large in our species, [E. gigantea , 
 “ Dough], with conspicuous bracts, divergent, and the 
 “ ovaries at right angles to the stem.” 
 
 E. Helleborine, Irm. Rootstocks not creeping. Stems, 
 one to several. Height from twelve to twenty-four inches. 
 Leaves broadly ovate, two to three inches long, pointed, 
 plicate. Raceme, before flowering, recurved, pubescent. 
 Blowers numerous ( from thirty to fifty), in color varying from 
 a light, greenish yellow to a dark, dull purple. The spoon- 
 shaped lip very dark, covered with a viscid secretion. Ova- 
 ries , as they approach maturity, refiexed. July and August. 
 
 In our station certainly indigenous. About 200 individ- 
 uals were counted, all growing within the space of a few 
 hundred feet along a northerly hillside, from five to thirty feet 
 above the creek. The diversity of color, which the flowers 
 on different plants display, indicates that the variety, viri- 
 dens, has no stability of character. 
 
 Cypripedium candidum, Muhl. 
 
 Collins, Erie Co. J. F. Cowell. 
 
201 
 
 Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L. 
 
 Both varieties, anceps, Gray, and mucronata, Gray, within 
 our district. Clinton. 
 
 Erythronium Americanum, Smith. 
 
 Two varieties, the second of which has pure yellow, almost 
 unspotted flowers, have been pointed out by Mr. Cowell. 
 Erythronium albidum, Nutt. 
 
 The variety found at Lake Superior by Dr. Robbins is thought 
 to have been detected by Mr. Cowell, at West Seneca, Erie 
 Co. 
 
 Allium cernuum, Roth. 
 
 At West Seneca, Erie Co., and at Portage, Wyoming Co. 
 J. F. Cowell. 
 
 Juncus Canadensis, J. Gay. 
 
 The four varieties, recognized by Gray in his Manual , in our 
 district. Clinton. 
 
 Tradescantia Virginica, L. 
 
 Introduced at West Seneca, Erie Co. 
 
 Scirpus maritimus, L. 
 
 Black Rock pier, Niagara River, Buffalo. 
 
 Scirpus polyphyllus, Vahl. 
 
 Shores of Niagara River, Buffalo. 
 
 Carex cephalophora, Muhl. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton. 
 
 Carex chordorrhvza, Ehrh. 
 
 Sphagnous swamp at Cassadaga, Chaut. Co. Clinton. 
 
 Carex canescens, L., var. vitilis, Gray. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton. 
 
 Carex Deweyana, Schw. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton. 
 
 Carex scirpoides, Schk. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton. 
 
 Carex lagopodoides, Schk. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton. 
 
 Carex gracillima, Schw. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton . 
 
 Carex varia, Muhl. 
 
 Within our territory, station unrecorded. Clinton . 
 
 Eragrostis pcleoides, Beauv., var. megastachya, Gray. 
 
 An adventive at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
202 
 
 Eragrostis Purshii, Schrad. 
 
 An adventive at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
 Lolium temulentum, L. 
 
 Near Buffalo, but very rare. Clinton. 
 
 Hordeum jubatum, L. 
 
 Becoming plentiful at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
 Phalaris arundinacea, L. 
 
 The striped variety native at Hamburgh, Erie Co. 
 
 Panicum agrostoides, Spreng. 
 
 An adventive at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
 Panicum proliferum, Lam. 
 
 An adventive at East Buffalo, 1882. 
 
 Cenchrus tribuloides, L. 
 
 This unwelcome grass, within a very short time, has become 
 thoroughly established along the track of the Niagara Falls 
 Railroad, near the foot of York Street, in this city, as well 
 as at East Buffalo, and Ft. Erie, Ont. 
 
 Lecanora muralis, (Schreb.) Schaer. , 
 
 The varieties, parella, Fr., and rosella, Tuck., omitted by 
 inadvertence. 
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 For Cerastium boreale , (p. 70, 1 . 6,) read Stellaria borealis. 
 
 7. Anemone Hepatica, L. Change “Genesee” to “Wyoming.” 
 
 15. Ranunculus alismaefolius, Geyer. Change specific name and that of its 
 author to “ ambigens, Watson.” 
 
 27. Trollius laxus, Salisb. Change “ Genesee” to “ Wyoming.” 
 
 68. Cardamine rotundifolia, Michx. Prof. Watson, in transferring this 
 name to the plant, which Torrey called C. rhomboidea, DC., var. 
 purpurea , seems to have fallen into an error. (See Gray’s note in the 
 Botanical Gazette , Vol. 4, p. 210). But that the plant itself is entitled to 
 specific rank admits, in our opinion, of little doubt. 
 
 71. Cardamine hirsuta, L., var. sylvatica. Add “ Gray ” as the authority for 
 the variety. 
 
 85. Brassica nigra, Gray. Substitute “ Koch ” for “ Gray.” 
 
 92. Thlaspi arvensis, L.. Change “ arvensis ” to “arvense.” 
 
 For “ Order ii. Capsaridace^ ” read “Order ii. Capparidaceas.” 
 123. Dianthus Armeria. Add “ L” to denote the authority. 
 
203 
 
 145 * Mollugo verticillata, L. The plant, being with us an adventive, the 
 name should have appeared in small capitals. It is now referred by the 
 later authorities, to the natural order, Ficoide^e. 
 
 202. Polygala paucifolia, Willd. After “Eighteen-mile Creek,” add “Evans.” 
 
 229. Lespedeza violacea, Pers., var. sessiliflora. Add as the authority for 
 the variety, “ Torr. and Gray.” 
 
 244. Baptisia tinctoria, R. Br. After “Salamanca” add “ Catt. Co.” 
 
 256. Poterium Canadense, Benth. & Hook. For “ Cattaraugus ” read “Chau- 
 tauqua.” 
 
 275. Rubus Dalibarda, L. Add, as a synonym, “ {Dalibarda repens, L.) ” 
 
 But see Gray’s note in regard to the name of the plant in the Botanical 
 Gazette , Vol. 3, p. 210. 
 
 290. Crataegus oxycantha, L. For “oxycantha” read “ Oxyacantha.” 
 
 297. Pyrus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa, Gray. After the specific name 
 add “ L.,” to denote the authority. 
 
 316. Hamamelis Virginica, L. For the specific name “ Virginica ” substitute 
 “ Virginiana.” See Watson’s Bibliog. Index of N. A. Botany , Vol. 1, 
 P- 355 . 
 
 324. Epilobium palustre, var. lineare, Gray. After the specific name insert 
 “ L.,” to denote the authority. 
 
 346. Selinum Canadense, Michx. Remove “ {Conioselinum Canadensis , 
 Fischer.)” from its place after the generic name, “SELINUM,” and 
 insert the same after “ S. Canadense, Michx.” After the generic name 
 add “ L,” to denote the authority. 
 
 355. Chaerophyllum sativum, Lorn. Change “ Lorn ” to “ Lam.” 
 
 367. Cornus Canadensis, L. After “Cheektowaga,” insert “ Erie Co.” 
 
 382. Lonicera Tatarica. Insert “L” after the specific name to denote the 
 authority. 
 
 410. Valeriana officinalis. Insert “ L ” after the specific name to denote the 
 authority. 
 
 420. Tussilago Farfara, L. This being at Buffalo a naturalized plant, the 
 name should have appeared in small capitals. 
 
 429. Aster ericoides, L., var. villosus. After the name of the variety add 
 “ Gray ” as the authority. 
 
 476. Ambrosia trifida, L. After the name of the variety, “ integrifolia,” 
 add “Torr. and Gray ” as the authority. 
 
 499. Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag. This being with us an adventive 
 plant, the name should have appeared in small capitals. 
 
 504. Achillea Millefolium, L. A native plant. The name therefore should 
 not have appeared in small capitals. 
 
 518. Gnaphalium uliginosum. Add “ L” to denote the authority. 
 
 549. Prenanthes crepidina, Michx. For “ crepidina ” read “ crepidinea.” 
 
 564. Campanula glomerata, L. The plant here intended proves to be only 
 a form of C. rapnnculoides, L. The name must be erased. 
 
204 
 
 600. Plantago Kamschatica, Cham. For “ Kamschatica, Cham.” read 
 “ Rugelii, Desc.” See Botanical Gazette , Vol. 3, p. 95. 
 
 616. Pinguicula vulgaris. Insert “ L” after the name to denote the authority. 
 
 For “Order 60, Menthace/e,” read “Order 60, Labiate.” 
 
 693. Ballota nigra, L. An adventive plant. The name should have appeared 
 in small capitals. 
 
 698. Lithospermum officinale, L. A naturalized plant. The name should 
 have appeared in small capitals. 
 
 703. Myosotis arvensis, Hoffman. An adventive. The name should have 
 appeared in small capitals. 
 
 709. Heliophytum Indicum, DC. An introduced plant. Therefore requiring 
 small capitals. 
 
 718. Ipomoea purpurea, L. Introduced. Therefore requiring small capitals. 
 
 720. Convolvulus arvensis, L. An adventive. The name requires small 
 capitals. 
 
 730. Physalis viscosa, L. For “ viscosa, L.” read “ Virginica, Mill.” See 
 
 Botanical Gazette , Vol 2, p. 80. 
 
 735. Hyoscyamus nigrum, L. For “ nigrum ” read “ Niger. ” 
 
 776. Amarantus retroflexus, var. hybridus, Gray. Mr. Watson is disposed 
 to regard our plant as a variety of A. chlorostachys , Willd. 
 
 791. Polygonum erectum, L. Add, as a synonym, ( P . aviculare , L., var. 
 
 erectum, Roth.) 
 
 For 359. L 1 NDERNA, Thunberg,” read, “ 359. LINDERA, Thunberg.” 
 
 After “ 369. MORUS,” insert “ Tourn.” to denote the authority for the 
 name. 
 
 872. Salix purpurea, L. Introduced. The name therefore requires small cap- 
 itals. 
 
 908. Wolffia Columbiana, Karsten. As the authority for W. Brasiliensis, 
 read “ Weddell” instead of “ Karsten.” 
 
 922. Potamogeton Niagarensis, Tuckerman. The Rev. Thomas Morong, 
 who has made the genus Potamogeton a special study, regards P. Niag- 
 arensis , Tuckerman, as only a form of P. pauciflorus, Pursh. 
 
 945. Habenaria peramoena, Gray. For “ peramcena ” read “ fimbriata.” 
 
 972. Dioscorea villosa, L. Mr. Cowell, in his statement relative to this plant, 
 was misunderstood. He has, however, met with the plant in our 
 vicinity. It has also lately been collected in Chautauqua Co. 
 
 1013. Juncus articulatus, L. 
 
 1014. var. pelocarpus, Gray. Our plant is now regarded as J. alpinus , 
 Villars, var. insignis , Fries. 
 
 After “468, CAREX,” insert “ L” to denote the authority. 
 
 1159. Melica mutica, Walt. The name, for the present, must be erased. 
 
 After “ 504, PANICUM,” insert “ L” to denote the authority. 
 
 1209. Panicum Xalapense. Introduced. The name therefore requires small 
 capitals. 
 
 
205 
 
 1258. Dicksonia pilosuiscula, Willd. For the specific name substitute “pil- 
 osiuscula.” 
 
 524. SPHAGNUM. As the authority for the genus, substitute “ Dill.” 
 for “ Ehrh.” 
 
 1480. Theloschistes chrysopthalmus, L. For the specific name and its au- 
 thority, substitute “ chrysophthalmus, Norm.” 
 
 1485. Parmelia tiliacea, Ach. For “ Ach.,” as the authority for the species, 
 substitute “ Flk.” 
 
 1562. Rinodina sophodes, (Ach.) Moss. For “ Moss ” read “ Mass.” 
 
 2049. Septoria Erigerontis, P. and C. In note, for “ annumu" read 
 
 “ annuus .” 
 
 2144. Uromyces Peltandraae, Howe. For specific name read “ Peltandrae : . 
 
 2189. Periconia calicioides, Fr. In note, for “ Sporacybe" read “ Sporocybe.” 
 
 2432. Dothidea Linderse, Ger. In note, for “ Lendera ” read “ Lindera,” 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Index of Generis Names, 
 
 Abies 
 
 
 134, 
 
 154, 
 
 161 
 
 Abutilon 
 
 
 
 
 .24 
 
 Acalypha 
 
 
 
 
 . .67 
 
 Acer 
 
 
 
 .27, 
 
 156 
 
 Achillea 
 
 
 
 
 203 
 
 Acnida 
 
 
 
 
 199 
 
 Acorus 
 
 
 
 73, 
 
 U3 
 
 Actaea 
 
 
 
 
 •15 
 
 Actinocyclus.. . 
 
 
 
 
 ,180 
 
 Adiantum 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 Adlumia 
 
 
 
 • 17, 
 
 194 
 
 Adonis 
 
 
 
 
 
 ./Ecidium 
 
 
 
 .144, 
 
 145 
 
 ^Egerita 
 
 
 
 
 146 
 
 yEthalium .... 
 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 ^Ethusa 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 36 
 
 Agaricus . — . 
 
 
 
 
 ,110 
 
 Agave 
 
 
 
 
 ,138 
 
 Agrimonia 
 
 
 
 3i, 
 
 144 
 
 Agrostis 
 
 
 
 
 .85 
 
 Alectoria 
 
 
 
 
 103 
 
 Ailanthus .... 
 
 
 
 
 .25 
 
 Aira 
 
 
 
 
 ..88 
 
 Alisma 
 
 
 
 
 176 
 
 Allium 
 
 
 
 136, 
 
 201 
 
 Alnus 
 
 .... 70, 
 
 139 , 
 
 164, 
 
 165 
 
 Alopecurus. . . . 
 
 
 
 
 .85 
 
 Althaea. , 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alyssnm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amarantus . . . , 
 
 . .65, 149, 192, 
 
 199, 204 
 
 Ambrosia. . . . 
 
 44, 
 
 148, 
 
 197, 
 
 203 
 
 Amelanchier . . 
 
 
 •33, 
 
 157, 
 
 196 
 
 Ampelopsis. . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amphicarpaea. . 
 
 
 
 •30, 
 
 144 
 
 Amphipleura. . 
 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 Amphiprora . 
 
 
 
 
 .185 
 
 Amphora 
 
 
 
 
 182 
 
 Amygdalus . . . 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 Anabaena 
 
 
 
 
 .178 
 
 Anacharis 
 
 
 
 •75. 
 
 172 
 
 Anagallis 
 
 
 
 
 
 Andromeda 
 
 
 
 J 59 
 
 Andropogon, . . 
 
 
 .88, 
 
 142, 
 
 155 
 
 Anemone .... 
 
 
 • 13 , 
 
 140, 
 
 143 
 
 Aneura 
 
 
 
 
 101 
 
 Angelina 
 
 
 
 
 .158 
 
 Angioridium . . 
 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 Anomodon. . . . 
 
 
 
 
 .98 
 
 Antennaria 
 
 47 
 
 Anthemis 
 
 
 Anthericum 
 
 IQ-J 
 
 Antirrhinum . . . . 
 
 54 
 
 Anychia 
 
 
 Aphanochaete. . . . 
 
 172 
 
 Aphanorhegma. . 
 
 96 
 
 Aphyllon 
 
 53 
 
 Apios 
 
 29 
 
 Aplectrum . . . 
 
 77 
 
 Apocynum 
 
 
 Aquilegia 
 
 14 
 
 Arabis 
 
 7, 8, 18 
 
 Aralia 
 
 37, 140 
 
 Archangelica. . . . 
 
 36, 148 
 
 Arctium 
 
 48 
 
 Arctostaphylos . . 
 
 50 
 
 Arcyria 
 
 132 
 
 Aregma 
 
 
 Arenaria 
 
 23 
 
 Arethusa 
 
 76 
 
 Argemone 
 
 17, 194 
 
 Arisaema 
 
 73, 143 
 
 Aristida 
 
 193 
 
 Aristolochia 
 
 
 Arrhenatherum . . 
 
 88 
 
 Artemisia 
 
 7, 10, 46, 197 
 
 Arthonia 
 
 
 Arthrosiphon . . . . 
 
 176 
 
 Asarum . 
 
 64 
 
 Asclepias 
 
 
 Ascobulus 
 
 158 
 
 Ascophora 
 
 150 
 
 Asimina 
 
 6, 15 
 
 Asparagus 
 
 79 
 
 Aspergillus 
 
 148 
 
 Aspidium 
 
 90 
 
 Asplenium 
 
 90 
 
 Aster 
 
 . .9, 42, 144, 196, 203 
 
 Asterionella 
 
 
 Asteroma 
 
 138 
 
 Astragalus 
 
 
 Atrichum 
 
 
 Atriplex 
 
 
 Atropa 
 
 
 Aulocomnium . . . 
 
 
 Avena 
 
 
 Azalea 
 
 
208 
 
 Azolla 
 
 
 Carum 
 
 
 
 Bactridium 
 
 139 
 
 Carya . . 
 
 . .68, 
 
 136, 138, 166 
 
 Badhamia 
 
 
 Cassandra 
 
 
 .50, 128, 145 
 
 Bseomyces 
 
 .........107 
 
 Cassia 
 
 
 
 Ballota 
 
 
 Castanea 
 
 
 
 Balsamita 
 
 46 
 
 Castilleia 
 
 
 55 
 
 Baptisia 
 
 
 Caulophyllum 
 
 
 
 Barbarea 
 
 
 Ceanothus 
 
 
 8, 26 
 
 Barbula 
 
 
 Celastrus 
 
 
 .26, 146, 162 
 
 Bartramia 
 
 
 Cenangium 
 
 
 157 
 
 Batrachospermum 
 
 171 
 
 Cenchrus 
 
 
 
 Beggiatoa 
 
 T 79 
 
 Centaurea 
 
 
 47 
 
 Beilis 
 
 43 
 
 Cephalanthus 
 
 
 
 Berberis 
 
 15 
 
 Cerastium 
 
 
 
 Berula 
 
 
 Ceratium 
 
 
 145 
 
 Betula 70, 
 
 134, 165, 170 
 
 Ceratodon 
 
 
 95 
 
 Biatoria 
 
 
 Ceratophyllum . . . 
 
 
 
 Bidens 
 
 
 Cercis 
 
 
 
 Blephilia 
 
 57 
 
 Cercospora 
 
 
 
 Blitum . 
 
 64 
 
 Cetraria 
 
 
 
 Bcehmeria 
 
 68 
 
 Chaerophyllum. . . . 
 
 
 37, 203 
 
 Boletus 
 
 
 Chaetophora 
 
 
 • 172 
 
 Bombardia 
 
 168 
 
 Chamaelirium. 
 
 
 
 Botrychium 
 
 89 
 
 Chantransia 
 
 
 172 
 
 Bo vista 
 
 
 Chara 
 
 
 171, 175 
 
 Brachyelytrum 
 
 85 
 
 Cheirospora 
 
 
 139 
 
 Brasenia 
 
 
 Chelidonium 
 
 
 17 
 
 Brassica 
 
 
 Chelone 
 
 
 54, 137 
 
 Bromus 
 
 ’..87 
 
 Chenopodium 
 
 
 .64, 133, 199 
 
 Brunella 
 
 
 Chilonectria 
 
 
 
 Bryum 
 
 
 Chiloscypus 
 
 
 
 Buellia 
 
 
 Chimaphila 
 
 
 5i 
 
 Bulbochaete 
 
 
 Chiogenes 
 
 
 50 
 
 Bulgaria 
 
 158 
 
 Chlorosplenium . . 
 
 
 156 
 
 Buxus 
 
 149 
 
 Chondrioderma. . . 
 
 
 130 
 
 Cacalia 
 
 
 Chroococcus 
 
 
 179 
 
 Cakile 
 
 
 Chroolepis 
 
 
 172 
 
 Calamagrostis 
 
 
 Chrysanthemum . 
 
 
 46 
 
 Calamintha 
 
 
 Chrysosplenium . . 
 
 
 34 
 
 Calandrinia 
 
 
 Cichorium 
 
 
 48 
 
 Calla 
 
 73, 149 
 
 Cicuta 
 
 
 36 
 
 Callitriche 
 
 67 
 
 Cimicifuga 
 
 
 15, 193 
 
 Calicium 
 
 
 Cinna 
 
 
 85 
 
 Calocera 
 
 
 Circaea 
 
 
 34, 141 
 
 Calopogon 
 
 76 
 
 Cirsium 
 
 ...47, 
 
 141, 149, 169 
 
 Caltha 
 
 
 Cladium 
 
 
 
 Calypso 
 
 
 Cladonia 
 
 
 107 
 
 Calystegia (Convolvulus) 
 
 , 60 
 
 Cladophora 
 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camelina 
 
 
 Cladosporium .... 
 
 
 147 
 
 Camellia 
 
 139 
 
 Clasterisporium. . . 
 
 
 
 Campanula 7, 
 
 49. 192, 203 
 
 Clathrus 
 
 
 
 Camptosorus 
 
 9° 
 
 Claytonia 
 
 
 
 Campylopus 
 
 
 Clavaria 
 
 
 
 Cannabis 
 
 
 Clematis 
 
 
 13, 192, 193 
 
 Cantharellus 
 
 1 16 1 17 
 
 | ripnmp 
 
 
 
 Capnodium 
 
 ’.145 
 
 Climacium 
 
 
 99, I2 7 
 
 Capsella 
 
 19 
 
 Clintonia 
 
 
 
 Cardamine 18, 
 
 148, 194, 202 
 
 Closterium 
 
 
 174 
 
 Carex 7 9 
 
 82, 201, 204 
 
 Clytotella 
 
 
 
 Carpinus. . .69, 148, 156, 
 
 162, 163, 170 
 
 Cocconeis 
 
 
 182 
 
 
 [171 
 
 Cocconema 
 
 
 181 
 
209 
 
 Coelosphaeria 167 
 
 Coleochaete 172 
 
 Coleosporium 144 
 
 Collema 105 
 
 Collinsia 54 
 
 Collinsonia 57 
 
 Colpoma 160 
 
 Colutea. 135 
 
 Comandra 66, 145 
 
 Comatricha 131 
 
 Comptonia 69 
 
 Conferva 173 
 
 Coniocybe 109 
 
 Conioselinum (Selinum) 36 
 
 Coniothecium 139 
 
 Conium 37 
 
 Conomitrium 94 
 
 Conopholis .53 
 
 Conotrema 106 
 
 Convolvulus 60, 142, 204 
 
 Coprinus 115 
 
 Coptis 14, 135, 137 
 
 Corallorrhiza 77 
 
 Cordyceps 160 
 
 Coreopsis 45, 197 
 
 Coriandrum 37 
 
 Corispermum 7, 64 
 
 Cornus 38, 139, 141, 161, 171, 203 
 
 Corticium 125 
 
 Cortinarius 116 
 
 Corydalis 7, 17 
 
 Corylus 69, 165, 199 
 
 Coryneum 138 
 
 Coryne 158 
 
 Cratsegus 32, 203 
 
 Craterellus. . . 123, 156 
 
 Craterium 130 
 
 Cronartium 145 
 
 Crucibulum 133 
 
 Cryptospora 166 
 
 Cryptosporium 133 
 
 Cryptotaenia 37, 141 
 
 Cucubitaria 161, 167 
 
 Cudonia 153 
 
 Cuscuta 60 
 
 Cyathus 132 
 
 Cylindrocapsa 176 
 
 Cylindrospermum 177 
 
 Cylindrothecium 99 
 
 Cymatopleura 181 
 
 Cymbella 181 
 
 Cynoglossum 59 
 
 Cynosurus .86 
 
 Cynthia (Krigia) 48 
 
 Cyperus 81 
 
 Cyphella 126 
 
 Cypripedium 8, 77, 200 
 
 Cystopteris 91 
 
 Cystopus 148 
 
 Dacrymyces. 128 
 
 Dactylis 86 
 
 Dsedalea 121 
 
 Dalibarda (Rubus) 32, 140, 203 
 
 Daldinia 162 
 
 Danthonia 87 
 
 Daphne 199 
 
 Datura. 61, 168, 198 
 
 Daucus 36 
 
 Delphinium 15 
 
 Dentaria 18 
 
 Dermatea 156, 157 
 
 Desmatodon 94 
 
 Desmodium 28, 144, 152, 164 
 
 Diachsea 131 
 
 Dianthera 55 
 
 Dianthus 22, 127, 140, 202 
 
 Diatrype 147, 163, 164, 165, 166 
 
 Diatrypella 165 
 
 Dicentia (Diclytra) 17, 148, 194 
 
 Dichaena 171 
 
 Dichelyma 98 
 
 Dicksonia 91, 205 
 
 Diclytra 17, 148, 194 
 
 Dicranum 93 
 
 Dictyosphaerium 175 
 
 Diderma 130, 131 
 
 Didymium 130 
 
 Didymodon 95 
 
 Didymoprium 174 
 
 Diervilla 40, 157, 164 
 
 Dimerosporium 167 
 
 Dinemasporium 138 
 
 Dioscorea 78, 204 
 
 Diospyros 193 
 
 Diplocolon 176 
 
 Diplodia 135 
 
 Diplopappus 43 
 
 Diplotaxis 192 
 
 Dipsacus 41 
 
 Dirca. 66, 146 
 
 Discosia 136 
 
 Ditiola 128 
 
 Dodecatheon 193 
 
 Dothidea 164, 171, 205 
 
 Draba 19 
 
 Draparnaldia 172 
 
 Dracocephalum 57 
 
 Drosera 21 
 
 Drummondia. . . 96 
 
 Dulichium ... 81 
 
 Dysodia 45, 203 
 
 Eatonia 86 
 
 Echinacea 44 
 
 Echinocystis 35 
 
 Echinospermum 59 
 
 Echium 58 
 
 Eleocharis 81 
 
 Eleusine 193 
 
 Elodes 22 
 
 Elymus 87 
 
210 
 
 Empusa. . . . . . 
 
 Encalypta . . . 
 Encyonema. . 
 Endocarpon . . 
 
 Endothia 
 
 Ephebe 
 
 Epichloe 
 
 Epicoccum , . . 
 
 Epigaea 
 
 Epilobium. . . 
 Epipactis 
 Epiphegus . . . 
 Epithemia . . . 
 Equisetum. . . 
 Eragrostis. . . . 
 Erechthites. . . 
 
 Erigenia 
 
 Erigeron 
 
 Eriocaulon . . . 
 Eriophorum. . 
 Erysimum . . . 
 Erysiphe .... 
 Eryrthronium 
 
 Eunotia 
 
 Euonymus . . . 
 Eupatorium . . 
 Euphorbia. . . 
 
 Eutypa 
 
 Evernia 
 
 Excipula 
 
 Exidia 
 
 Exobasidium . 
 Exosporium . 
 Fagopyrum . . 
 
 Fagus 
 
 Favolus 
 
 Fedia 
 
 Fegatella 
 
 Festuca 
 
 Fissidens . . . . 
 Fistulina. ... 
 
 Floerkea 
 
 Fontinalis. . . . 
 
 Fragaria 
 
 Fragillaria . . . 
 
 Frasera 
 
 Fraxinus . . . . 
 Frullania 
 Frustulia . . . . 
 
 Fuligo 
 
 Fumaria 
 
 Funaria 
 
 Fusarium. 
 Fusisporium. . 
 Galeopsis. . . . 
 Galinsoga . . . 
 
 Galium 
 
 Gaultheria . . . 
 
 Gaura 
 
 Gaylussacia. . 
 
 150 
 
 95 
 
 182 
 
 109 
 
 164 
 
 105 
 
 160 
 
 146 
 
 7, 50 
 
 35, 144, 193, 203 
 192, 200 
 
 53 
 
 181 
 
 89, 138, 155 
 
 ... .86, 20T, 202 
 
 47 
 
 37, 196 
 
 -42, 137 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 19 
 
 151, 152 
 
 SO, I43, 2CI 
 
 l8l 
 
 27 
 
 41 
 
 ..7, 67, I43, I99 
 
 163 
 
 IO3 
 
 ■ I3S 
 
 126, 128 
 
 128 
 
 138, 165 
 
 ■ 65 
 
 ' 69 
 
 121 
 
 41 
 
 IOI 
 
 S 7 
 
 92 
 
 122 
 
 25 
 
 98 
 
 32 
 
 .182 
 
 8, 61, 198 
 
 63 
 
 102 
 
 185 
 
 130 
 
 17 
 
 96 
 
 146 
 
 149 
 
 58 
 
 45 
 
 . . . .40, 141, 196 
 
 50 
 
 35 
 
 50 
 
 Geaster 
 
 Gelatinosporium 
 
 Gentiana 
 
 Geoglossum 
 
 Geranium 
 
 Gerardia 
 
 Geum 
 
 Gibbera 
 
 Gillenia 
 
 Gleditschia 
 
 Gloeocapsa 
 
 Gloeoporus 
 
 Gloiotrichia 
 
 Glonium 
 
 Glyceria 
 
 Glycyrrhiza , 
 
 Gnaphalium 
 
 Goody era 
 
 Gomphonema 
 
 Grandinia 
 
 Graphiola .... 
 
 Graphis 
 
 Gratiola 
 
 Guepinia 
 
 Gyalecta 
 
 Gymnosporangium. . , 
 
 Gymnostichum 
 
 Gymnostomum 
 
 Gyromitra 
 
 Habenaria 
 
 Hamamelis 
 
 Hedeoma 
 
 Hedwigia 
 
 Helenium 
 
 Hellanthemum 
 
 Helianthus 
 
 Helicosporium 
 
 Heliophytum ....... 
 
 Heliopsis 
 
 Heliotropium 
 
 Helleborus 
 
 Helminthosporium. . 
 
 Helotium . . 
 
 Helvella 
 
 Hemerocallis 
 
 Hemiarcyria 
 
 Hendersonia 
 
 Hepatica (Anemone) 
 
 Heracleum 
 
 Hercospora 
 
 Hesperis 
 
 Hexagona 
 
 Heterothecium 
 
 Hibiscus 
 
 Hieracium 
 
 Himantidium 
 
 Homalothecium 
 
 Hordeum 
 
 Hormiscia 
 
 Hormospora 
 
 129 
 
 134 
 
 7, 8, 62, 142, 198 
 
 153 
 
 25, 171 
 
 55 , 198 
 
 3 i 
 
 162 
 
 3 i 
 
 30 
 
 179 
 
 119 
 
 177 
 
 159 
 
 86 
 
 7, 28 
 
 . . . .46, 141, 203 
 
 76 
 
 182, 185 
 
 123 
 
 145 
 
 108 
 
 54 
 
 128 
 
 106 
 
 143 
 
 87 
 
 93 
 
 • 152 
 
 . .9, 75, 200, 204 
 34 , 203 
 
 57 
 
 96 
 
 45 
 
 21 
 
 .45, 141, 145, 197 
 
 149 
 
 59. 204 
 
 44 
 
 198 
 
 14 
 
 147 
 
 156 
 
 152 
 
 80 
 
 132 
 
 135 
 
 13 , 143 
 
 36 
 
 165 
 
 18 
 
 121 
 
 108 
 
 24 
 
 48 
 
 181 
 
 98 
 
 87, 202 
 
 173 
 
 175 
 
211 
 
 Houstonia 
 
 Hudsonia 
 
 Humulus. 
 
 Hydnum 
 
 Hydrangea. ...... 
 
 Hydrastis 
 
 Hydrocotyle 
 
 Hydrodictyon . . . . 
 Hydrogastrum. . . . 
 Hydrophyllum . . . . 
 Hygrophorus. ... 
 Hymenochaete . . . 
 
 Hyoscyamus 
 
 Hypericum 
 
 Hypheothrix 
 
 Hypnum 
 
 Hypochraea 
 
 Hypoderma 
 
 Hypomyces 
 
 Hypoxylon 
 
 Hyssopus 
 
 Hysteriographium 
 
 Hysterium 
 
 Ilex 
 
 Illosporium 
 
 Ilysanthes 
 
 Impatiens 
 
 Inula 
 
 Ionidium 
 
 Ipomoea 
 
 Iris. ... 
 
 Irpex 
 
 Isaria 
 
 Isoetes 
 
 Jeffersonia 
 
 Juglans 
 
 Juncus 
 
 Jungermannia. . . . 
 
 Juniperus 
 
 Kalmia 
 
 Kneiffia 
 
 Krigia 
 
 Lactarius 
 
 Lactuca 
 
 Lamium 
 
 Lamproderma. . . . 
 
 Lampsana 
 
 Laportea 
 
 Lappa (Arctium). . 
 
 Larix 
 
 Lathyrus 
 
 Lecanactis 
 
 Lecanora 
 
 Lechea 
 
 Lecidea 
 
 Lecythea 
 
 Ledum 
 
 Leersia 
 
 Lemna (Spirodela) 
 Lentinus 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 63 
 
 122, 123 
 
 196 
 
 15, 193 
 
 35 
 
 175 
 
 174 
 
 59, 142 
 
 . . 116 
 
 125 
 
 .61, 204 
 
 . . .7, 21, 143, 194 
 
 179 
 
 99 
 
 161 
 
 160 
 
 161 
 
 . .. . 162, 163, 168 
 
 56 
 
 160 
 
 . . . .159, 160, 164 
 
 7, 52, 159 
 
 146 
 
 54 
 
 25, 136, 140, 171 
 
 43 
 
 20, 194 
 
 . . 8, 60, 198, 204 
 
 78 
 
 123 
 
 145 
 
 92 
 
 ... 16 
 
 68, 138 
 
 80, 143, 201, 204 
 
 102 
 
 ...7, 72, 143, 160 
 
 5L 137 
 
 123 
 
 48 
 
 116 
 
 48, 197 
 
 58 
 
 ■ 131 
 
 48 
 
 68 
 
 48 
 
 72 
 
 ...7, 29, 137, 144 
 
 108 
 
 106, 202 
 
 21 
 
 108 
 
 144 
 
 6, 51 
 
 85 
 
 73 
 
 ii7 
 
 Lenzites 
 
 Leocarpus 
 
 Leontodon 
 
 Leonurus 
 
 Leotia 
 
 Lepachys 
 
 Lepidium 
 
 48 
 
 58 
 
 153 
 
 • 44 
 
 20, 194 
 
 Lepidozia 
 
 
 Leptodon 
 
 98 
 
 Leptogium 
 
 105 
 
 Leskea 
 
 98 
 
 Lespedeza 
 
 
 Leucanthemum. . 
 
 46 
 
 Leucobryum .... 
 
 94 
 
 Leucodon 
 
 98 
 
 Liatris 
 
 4i 
 
 Licea 
 
 131 
 
 Ligustrum 
 
 
 Lilium 
 
 80, 144, 145 
 
 Limnobium ... . 
 
 6 
 
 Linaria 
 
 54, 198 
 
 Lindera 
 
 
 Linnsea 
 
 39 
 
 Linum 
 
 
 Liparis 
 
 77 
 
 Liriodendron . . . . 
 
 15, 136 
 
 Listera 
 
 7, 76 
 
 Lithospermum . . , 
 
 7, 58, 204 
 
 Lobelia 
 
 7, 49, 136 
 
 Lolium 
 
 
 Lonicera 8, 
 
 39, 133, 134, 1 35 , 151 
 
 Lophanthus 
 
 [169, 203 
 
 Lophiostoma. . . . 
 
 167 
 
 Lophocolea 
 
 
 Lophodermium. . 
 
 
 Ludwigia 
 
 
 Lunularia 
 
 
 Lupinus 
 
 
 Luzula. . . 
 
 80 
 
 Lychnis 
 
 . . 22 
 
 Lycium 
 
 
 Lycogala 
 
 
 Lycoperdon 
 
 
 Lycopodium 
 
 9 i 
 
 Lycopus 
 
 56 
 
 Lysimachia 
 
 • • 52, 142 
 
 Ly thrum 
 
 
 Macrosporium. . . 
 
 
 Madotheca. . . . . 
 
 
 Magnolia 
 
 
 Malva 
 
 
 Marasmius 
 
 
 Marchantia 
 
 
 Marrubium 
 
 58 
 
 Martynia 
 
 53 
 
 Maruta 
 
 
 Massaria 
 
 167 
 
 Mastigobryum. . . 
 
 
 Mastigonema 
 
 
212 
 
 Matricaria 
 
 
 .46, 197 
 
 Nicandra 
 
 
 Medeola 
 
 
 78 
 
 Nicotiana 
 
 
 Medicago 
 
 
 .28, 144 
 
 Nigella 
 
 
 Melampyrum 
 
 
 55 
 
 Nitella 
 
 171 
 
 Melampsora 
 
 
 144 
 
 Nitschkia. ... 
 
 167 
 
 Melanconis 
 
 
 165 
 
 Nitzschia 
 
 183 
 
 Melanconium 
 
 
 138 
 
 Nitzschiella 
 
 183 
 
 Melanospora . . 
 
 
 
 Nodularia 
 
 
 Melica 
 
 .. 86, 
 
 192, 204 
 
 Nostoc 
 
 .......178 
 
 Melilotus 
 
 
 28 
 
 Nummularia 
 
 
 Melissa 
 
 
 57 
 
 Nuphar 
 
 
 Melogramma 
 
 
 
 Nymphaea 
 
 
 Melosira 
 
 
 
 Nyssa 
 
 38, 170 
 
 Menispermum 
 
 
 i5» 134 
 
 Oakesia 
 
 79 
 
 Mentha 
 
 
 56 
 
 Odontia 
 
 
 Menyanthes 
 
 
 .62, 145 
 
 Odontidium 
 
 
 Meridion 
 
 
 186 
 
 CEdogonium 
 
 172, 173 
 
 Merismopedia . . 
 
 
 179 
 
 CEnothera 
 
 35, 137 
 
 Mertensia 
 
 
 59 
 
 Onobrychis 
 
 29 
 
 Merulius 
 
 
 11S, 122 
 
 Onoclea 
 
 9 1 , 136 
 
 Microstylis . . 
 
 
 • . .8, 77 
 
 Onopordon 
 
 •• 47 
 
 Microsphaeria 
 
 
 . . .151 
 
 Onosmodium 
 
 58, 170 
 
 Microthyrium 
 
 
 171 
 
 Onygena 
 
 150 
 
 Milium 
 
 
 88 
 
 Opegrapha 
 
 
 Mimulus 
 
 
 54 
 
 Ophioglossum 
 
 89 
 
 Mitchella 
 
 
 40 
 
 Orchis 
 
 75 
 
 Mitella 
 
 
 • -33. 141 
 
 Origanum 
 
 •• 193, 198 
 
 Mitrula 
 
 ..127, 
 
 152, 153 
 
 Orthotrichum 
 
 95 
 
 Mnium 
 
 . . ..97 
 
 Oryzopsis 
 
 86 
 
 Mollugo 
 
 • - 23 , 
 
 194, 203 
 
 Oscillaria 
 
 178 
 
 Monarda 
 
 
 • •57, 198 
 
 Osmorrhiza 
 
 37, 141 
 
 Moneses 
 
 
 ..•• 7 , 5 i 
 
 Osmunda 
 
 91, 164 
 
 Monotospora 
 
 
 147 
 
 Os try a 
 
 
 Monotropa 
 
 
 52 
 
 Ovularia 
 
 148 
 
 Montelia (Acnida) 
 
 
 199 
 
 Oxalis 
 
 25, 151 
 
 Morchella 
 
 
 152 
 
 Palmella 
 
 175 
 
 Morus 
 
 
 
 Palmogloea. ........ 
 
 
 Mucor 
 
 
 150 
 
 Panicum 
 
 
 Muhlenbergia 
 
 
 85 
 
 Pannaria 
 
 105 
 
 Mulgedium (Lactuca). . . 
 
 
 49 
 
 Panus 
 
 113, II 7 
 
 Mycoporum. 
 
 
 
 Papaver 
 
 
 Myosotis 
 
 
 . . 59, 204 
 
 Pardanthus 
 
 78 
 
 Myriangium 
 
 
 107 
 
 Parmelia 
 
 
 Myrica . 
 
 
 69 
 
 Parnassia 
 
 • 7, 33 
 
 Myriophyllum 
 
 
 , .34, 196 
 
 Pastinaca . . 
 
 36 
 
 Myxosporium 
 
 
 • --I39 
 
 Patellaria 
 
 
 Nabalus (Prenanthes). . , 
 
 ...48, 
 
 136, 141 
 
 Paxillus 
 
 
 Naematelia 
 
 
 
 1 Peckia 
 
 
 Naias 
 
 
 •74, 193 
 
 Pediastrum 
 
 
 Nardosmia (Petasites) . 
 
 
 4i 
 
 Pedicularis 
 
 
 Nasturtium 
 
 
 17 
 
 Pellsea 
 
 
 Navicula 
 
 
 184 
 
 Pellia 
 
 .101 
 
 Neckera 
 
 
 • 99 
 
 Peltandra 
 
 
 Nectria 
 
 
 . 161, 162 
 
 Peltigera 
 
 
 Neillia 
 
 
 30 
 
 Penthorum 
 
 
 Nelumbium 
 
 
 Pentstemon 
 
 
 Nemopanthes 
 
 • • -52, 
 
 148, 159 
 
 Perichaena 
 
 
 Nepeta 
 
 
 •• --57 
 
 Periconia . . 
 
 
 Nephroma 
 
 
 104 
 
 Peronospora. ....... 
 
 
 Nesaea 
 
 
 35 
 
 Pertusaria 
 
 
Pestallozia 
 
 
 
 139 
 
 Petalonema 
 
 
 
 
 Petasites 
 
 
 
 
 Peziza 
 
 
 153, 
 
 156, 157 
 
 Phacidium 
 
 
 
 • • - .159 
 
 Phalaris 
 
 
 
 88, 202 
 
 Phallus 
 
 
 
 
 Phascum 
 
 
 
 
 Phaseolus 
 
 
 
 195 
 
 Phegopteris 
 
 
 
 
 Phlebia 
 
 
 
 
 Phleum 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 Phlox 
 
 
 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 
 
 145 
 
 Phoma 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 Phormidium 
 
 
 
 178 
 
 Phragmidium 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 Phragmites 
 
 
 .•87, 
 
 142, 164 
 
 Phryma 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 Phyllachora 
 
 
 
 
 Phyllactinia 
 
 
 
 154 
 
 Phyllosticta 
 
 
 
 • • • 137 
 
 Physalacria 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 Phvsalis 
 
 
 
 198, 204 
 
 Physarum 
 
 
 
 130, 132 
 
 Physcia 
 
 
 
 
 Physcomitrium. . . . 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 Physostegia 
 
 
 
 • 57, 142 
 
 Phytolacca 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 Picea 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 Pilacre 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 Pilea 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 Pileolaria 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 Pilobolus 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 Pimpinella 
 
 
 
 .36, 141 
 
 Pinguicula 
 
 
 .6, 7, 53, 204 
 
 Pinnularia 
 
 
 
 
 Pinus 
 
 
 
 •72, 193 
 
 Pistillaria 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 Placodium 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 Plagiochila 
 
 
 
 
 Plantago 
 
 • •52, 
 
 T93, 
 
 197, 204 
 
 Platanus 68, 
 
 135, 
 
 138, 
 
 165, 166 
 
 Platygyrium 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pleurocarpus 
 
 
 
 .... 174 
 
 Pleurococcus . . . . 
 
 
 
 
 Pleurosigma 
 
 
 
 185 
 
 Pleurotaenium .... 
 
 
 
 
 Pleurotus 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 Plicatura 
 
 
 
 118 
 
 Poa 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 Podisoma 
 
 
 
 143 
 
 Podophyllum 
 
 
 
 .16, 140 
 
 Podosporium 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 Podosphaeria 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pogonatum 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 Pogonia 
 
 
 
 
 Polanisia 
 
 
 
 
 Polemonium 
 
 
 
 
 Polyactis 
 
 
 
 
 Polycystis 143 
 
 Polygala 27, 137, 140, 195, 203 
 
 Polygonatum 79, 136, 137 
 
 Polygonum 9,65, 135, 136, 142, 143 
 
 [ 144, 169, 204 
 
 Polymnia 44 
 
 Polypodium 89 
 
 Polyporus 118, 121, 157, 161, 162 
 
 Polythrincium 148 
 
 Poly trichum 97 
 
 Pontederia 80 
 
 Populus 70, 137, 144, 199 
 
 Porphyridium 172 
 
 Portulaca 23, 149 
 
 Potamogeton 9, 74, 199, 200, 204 
 
 Potentilla 31, 140, 155, 164, 195 
 
 Poterium 31, 195, 203 
 
 Pottia 94 
 
 Preissia 101 
 
 Prenanthes 48, 203 
 
 Primula 6, 7, 52 
 
 Prosartes 79 
 
 Proserpinaca. ... 34 
 
 Protomyces 145 
 
 Prunus 30, 140 
 
 Ptelea 7, 25 
 
 Pteris 90, 1 71 
 
 Pterospora 7, 51 
 
 Ptilidium 102 
 
 Ptychogaster 132 
 
 Puccinia 140, 143 
 
 Pycnanthemum. 56 
 
 Pylaisaea 98 
 
 Pyrenula 109 
 
 Pyrola 51, 145 
 
 Pyrus 32, 196, 203 
 
 Pyxine i 104 
 
 Quaternaria 166 
 
 Quercus 8, 9, 69, 152, 160 
 
 Rabenhorstia 165 
 
 Radula 102 
 
 Ramalina ... 103 
 
 Ramularia 148 
 
 Ranunculus 8, 13, 143, 193, 202 
 
 Raphanus .194 
 
 Reseda 20, 194 
 
 Rhamnus 26, 162 
 
 Rhaphidium 175 
 
 Rheum 199 
 
 Rhizina 153 
 
 Rhizoclonium 173 
 
 Rhizosolenia 186 
 
 Rhododendron 51, 139, 160, 170 
 
 Rhoicosphenia 182 
 
 Rhus 26, 134, 136, 137, 144, 146 
 
 [162, 195 
 
 Rhinchospora 82 
 
 Rhytisma 159 
 
 Riccia 101 
 
 Ribes 33, 162, 164 
 
214 
 
 Rinodina 106, 205 
 
 Rivularia 177 
 
 Robinia ..28,134,167 
 
 Rosa 32, 138, 195, I9 6 
 
 Rubus 32, 136, 140, 154. 157, 160 
 
 [170, 203 
 
 Rudbeckia 44 
 
 Rumex 66, 148 
 
 Sacidium 133 
 
 Sagedia 109 
 
 Sagittaria 75 
 
 Salix .9, 70, 144. 204 
 
 Salvia 57. 19 8 
 
 Sambucus 40. *37. 151. i6 4 
 
 Samolus 53 
 
 Sanguinaria . 17 
 
 Sanguisorbia (Poterium) 31 
 
 Sanicula 36 
 
 Saponaria .....22 
 
 Sarracenia 8, 16, 133, 170 
 
 Sassafras .... 66 
 
 Satureia ... 19S 
 
 Saururus 66 
 
 Saxifraga 6, 7, 8, 33 
 
 Schenedesmus 175 
 
 Scheuchzeria 8, 75 
 
 Schistidium .96 
 
 Schizophyllum 118 
 
 Schizosiphon 176 
 
 Schollera 81 
 
 Scleranthus 193 
 
 Scleria 82 
 
 Scleroderma 130 
 
 Scirpus 8, 81, 134, 142, 169, 201 
 
 Scorias 145 
 
 Scrophularia 54. *37 
 
 Scutellaria 58 
 
 Scytonema 176 
 
 Sedum 34 
 
 Selaginella 92 
 
 Seligeria 93 
 
 Selinum 36, 203 
 
 Senecio 47 
 
 Sepedonium 149 
 
 Septonema 139 
 
 Septoria 136, 137, 205 
 
 Setaria 88 
 
 Shepherdia 66 
 
 Sicyos 35. 196 
 
 Sida 24, 195 
 
 Silene 22 
 
 Silphium 44 
 
 Silybum 47 
 
 Sinapis (Brassica) 19 
 
 Sirurella 180 
 
 Sisymbrium 7, 19, 194 
 
 Sisyrhinchium 78, 201 
 
 Sium 36, 37 
 
 Smilacina. . . 79, 133, 137 
 
 Smilax 78, 135, 171 
 
 Solanum 60 
 
 Solea (Ionidium) 20 
 
 Solenia 126 
 
 Solidago 9, 43, 144, 196 
 
 Sonchus 49 
 
 Sorghum 88 
 
 Sparganium 74, 143 
 
 Spartina 86 
 
 Spathularia .'..153, 161 
 
 Specularia 49 
 
 Spergula 23 
 
 Sphaeria. . . 133, 137, 161, 162, 163, 164 
 [165, 166, 167, 170 
 
 Sphaerella 170 
 
 Sphaerobolus 133 
 
 Sphaeronema 134 
 
 Sphaeropsis 134 
 
 Sphaerotheca 150 
 
 Sphagnoecetis 102 
 
 Sphagnum 93, 205 
 
 Sphinctrina 157 
 
 Spiraea 30 
 
 Spiranthes 76 
 
 Spirodela 73 
 
 Spirogyra 174 
 
 Sporendonema 150 
 
 Sporidesmium 139 
 
 Sporobolus 85 
 
 Sporocybe 134, 146, 147 
 
 Stachys 58 
 
 Stamnaria 155 
 
 Staphylea 8, 27, 138, 170 
 
 Stauroastrum 174 
 
 Stauroneis 185 
 
 Staurothele .109 
 
 Stellaria 8, 23, 202 
 
 Stemonitis 131 
 
 Stephanodiscus 180 
 
 Stereocaulon 107 
 
 Stereum 124, 125 
 
 Sticta 104 
 
 Stictis 158 
 
 Stigeoclonium 172 
 
 Stigmatea 171 
 
 Stilbospora 138 
 
 Stilbum 146 
 
 Streptopus 79 
 
 Streptothrix 148 
 
 Struthiopteris 91 
 
 Symphoricarpus 39 
 
 Symphyosiphon 176 
 
 Symphytum 58 
 
 Symplocarpus 73 
 
 Synallissa 105 
 
 Synechococcus .179 
 
 Synedra 183 
 
 Syringa 134, 198 
 
 Tabellaria 186 
 
 Tanacetum 46 
 
 Taraxacum 48, 141 
 
215 
 
 Taxus 7 2 » I 7° 
 
 Tetraphis 95 
 
 Tetraspora x 75 
 
 Teucrium ... 56 
 
 Thalictrum 13, 193 
 
 Thaspium 36 
 
 Thelephora 124, 125 
 
 Thelia 9 s 
 
 Theloschistes 103, 205 
 
 Thlaspi 20, 202 
 
 Thuja 72, 135, 160 
 
 Thymus 56 
 
 Tiarella 34. I4 1 
 
 Tilia. . .9, 24, 134, 138, 146,163,165,170 
 
 Tilmadoche 130 
 
 Timmia 97 
 
 Tofieldia 79 
 
 Torilis 36 
 
 Torrubia 160 
 
 Torula 139 
 
 Tradescantia 193, 201 
 
 Tragopogon 148 
 
 Trametes 121 
 
 Tremella 127 
 
 Tremellodon 123 
 
 Triblidium 160 
 
 Trichia 131, 132 
 
 Trichobasis 141, 142, 144 
 
 Trichocolea 102 
 
 Trichoderma 149 
 
 Tricholoma 112 
 
 Trichostomum 95 
 
 Tricuspis (Triplasis). 86 
 
 Trientalis 52 
 
 Trifolium 28, 156, 164 
 
 Triglochin 74 
 
 Trillium 78, 135 
 
 Trimmatostroma 139 
 
 Triosteum 40 
 
 Triphyragmium 140 
 
 Triplasis 7, 86 
 
 Triticum 87 
 
 Trogia , 117 
 
 Trollius 14, 143, 202 
 
 Trypethelium 109 
 
 Tsuga 9, 72 
 
 Tubercularia 146 
 
 Tubulina 131 
 
 Tulostoma 129 
 
 Tussilago 42, 203 
 
 Tympanis 157 
 
 Typha 74, 172 
 
 Typhula 127 
 
 Ulmus 9, 67, 199 
 
 Ulothrix 173 
 
 Uncinula 150 
 
 Urceolaria 107 
 
 Uredo 141, 144 
 
 Urnula 157 
 
 Urocystis 143 
 
 Uromyces... 143, 205 
 
 Urtica 68 
 
 Usnea 103 
 
 Ustilago 143 
 
 Utricularia 7, 53 
 
 Uvularia 79 
 
 Vaccaria 22, 194 
 
 Vaccinium 8, 50, 152, 197 
 
 Valeriana 41, 203 
 
 Vallisneria 75 
 
 Valsa 165, 166 
 
 Valsaria 165 
 
 Vaucheria 173 
 
 Venturia 171 
 
 Veratrum 78, 142 
 
 Verbascum 54, 133, 136, 197 
 
 Verbena 55, 136, 198 
 
 Vermicularia 135 
 
 Vernonia 41 
 
 Veronica 54 
 
 Verpa 152 
 
 Verrucaria 109 
 
 Verticillium 149 
 
 Vibrissea 153 
 
 Viburnum 40, 151, 158 
 
 Vicia 29 
 
 Vilfa 85 
 
 Vinca 62 
 
 Vincetoxicum 63 
 
 Viola 6, 8, 9, 20, 137, 194 
 
 Vitis 26, 131, 166, 195 
 
 Volvox 175 
 
 Waldsteinia 31, 137, 141 
 
 Weisia 93 
 
 Wolffia 73, 204 
 
 Woodwardia 90 
 
 Xanthium 44, 141, 197 
 
 Xanthoxy lum 25 
 
 Xylaria 162 
 
 Xyloma. . . .159 
 
 Zannichellia 74 
 
 Zanthoxylon (Xanthoxylon) 25 
 
 Zea 142, 143, 146 
 
 Zizania 85 
 
 Zizia (Pimpinella) 36 
 
 Zonotrichia . . 177 
 
 Zygadenus 78 
 
 Zygogonium 174 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 9jp mg- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For Outline Map showing Boundary see t 
 
For Outline Map allowing Houmlary see the other aide. 
 
For Map showing Details see the other side. 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 
lie otlier side, 
 
 
PRELIMINARY 
 
 catalogue: 
 
 OF 
 
 Anthophyta and Pteridophyta 
 
 REPORTED AS GROWING SPONTANEOUSLY WITHIN ONE 
 HUNDRED MILES OF NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 COMPILED BY THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEE OF THE 
 
 X O RREY BOTANICAL CLUB: 
 
 Justus F. Poggenburg, Addison Brown, 
 
 N. L. Britton, Thos. C. Porter, 
 
 E. E. Sterns, Arthur Hollick. 
 
 THE NOMENCLATURE REVISED AND CORRECTED BY 
 
 N. L. Britton, E. E. Sterns and Justus F. Poggenburg. 
 
 New York , April 25th, 1888. 
 
 Price, One Dollar. 
 
 For sale by the Secretary of the Club at the Columbia College Herbarium. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PREFACE OF THE CATALOGUE COMMITTEE, v 
 
 PREFACE OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE, . . viii 
 
 INDEX OF GENERA AND ORDERS, xi 
 
 CATALOGUE: 
 
 Poly petals, 1 
 
 Gamopetale, 23 
 
 Apetale, 44 
 
 Monocotyledones, 51 
 
 Gymnosperme, 71 
 
 Pteridophyta 72 
 
 BALLAST PLANTS, ’ . . . 75 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this Catalogue is to furnish a compact and accessible record 
 of the plants actually reported as growing spontaneously within one hun- 
 dred miles of New York, and especially to provide a convenient check-list by 
 means of which to secure from the botanists of the region a series of fresh and 
 detailed reports as to the plants of their respective localities, to the end that a 
 complete list of our Flora, with full and accurate stations for all forms of es- 
 pecial interest, may ultimately be prepared. Botanists engaging in this work 
 are requested to observe the following rules : 
 
 1. — Indicate degrees of prevalence by the following terms: — “Very com- 
 mon,” “common,” “abundant,” “frequent,” “not rare,” “rare,” “very 
 rare,” “only one plant observed.” 
 
 2. — Report the principal stations for all rare or local plants, indicating the 
 locality as exactly as possible and giving the direction and distance from the 
 nearest railway station. Precise stations for plants so rare as to be liable to be 
 exterminated by indiscriminate collection, should, however, not be given. 
 
 3. — Note dates of commencement and end of flowering thus : April 10 — 
 May 15. 
 
 4. — In all cases of doubtful identity forward specimens to the Committee 
 for verification. 
 
 5. — Return the Catalogue when called for by the Committee with as many 
 herbarium specimens of the plants reported as can conveniently be furnished 
 for deposit in the Club Herbarium. 
 
 6. — Address all communications to Justus F. Poggenburg, Chairman, 
 Committee on Local Flora, Torrey Botanical Club, Columbia College, New 
 York City. 
 
 While the territory covered by this Catalogue is, in a general way, bound- 
 ed by a circle of one hundred miles radius from the city of New York, the 
 Committee has found it expedient to include the whole of New Jersey and 
 Connecticut and of those counties of New York and Pennsylvania crossed by 
 the circle. The boundary thus becomes in reality a very irregular line, but 
 reference to the maps will at once show where it lies. 
 
 A large majority of the plants here enumerated have been personally col- 
 lected by members of the Club and are represented by authentic specimens in 
 its Herbarium. The publications which have aided in the compilation are as 
 follows : 
 
 GENERAL LISTS. 
 
 Catalogue of Plants growing spontaneously within Thirty Miles of the City of 
 New York. By John Torrey. 1819. 
 
 Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 1870-1888. 
 
 Flora of New York State. By John Torrey. 1843. 
 
vi 
 
 Reports of Regents on Cabinet of Nat. Hist, of N. Y. 
 
 Manual of Botany. By Asa Gray. 
 
 Synoptical Flora of North America. By Asa Gray. 
 
 NEW YORK STATE. 
 
 Flora of Richmond County. By Arthur Hollick and N. L. Britton. 1879. 
 
 Planter Plandomenses, or Catalogue of Plants growing nea/r Plandome, Long 
 Island. By C. W. Eddy. 1807. 
 
 Catalogue of Plants growing in the Vicinity of North Salem Academy. By S. B. 
 Mead. 1881-2. 
 
 Report on the Flora of Westchester County. By O. R. Willis. 1880. 
 
 Catalogue of the Phcenogamous and Acrogenous Plants growing without Cultiva- 
 vation within Five Miles of Pine Plains. By Lyman Hoysradt. 1878-79. 
 
 List of Plants of Fishkill and its Vicinity. Winnifrid A. Stearns. 1880. 
 
 Catalogue of the Indigenous Plants found growing in the Vicinity of Kinderhook 
 Academy. By W. V. S. Woodworth. 1839-40. 
 
 Plants Collected by the Botanical Class in the Delaware Literary Institute , during 
 the Summer of 1840. By M. Platt. 
 
 A Review of the Summer Birds of a Part of the Catskill Mountains , with Prefa- 
 tory Remarks on the Faunal and Floral Features of the Region. By 
 Eugene Pintard Bicknell. 1882. 
 
 Catalogue Plantarum quas sponte crescentes in insula Noveboraco observavit 
 J ohannes Leconte. 1812. 
 
 Plantce Coldenhamice, in Provincia N oveboracensi America sponte crescentes , quas 
 ad methodus Cl. Linncei sexualem anno 1742, etc., observavit et descripsit 
 Cadwallader Colden. 1749-51. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation in the State of New Jersey , with 
 a Specific Description of all the Violets found therein. By O. R. Willis. 
 1874. 
 
 Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation in the Counties of Monmouth 
 and Ocean. By P. D. Knieskern, M.D. 1856. 
 
 A Preliminary Catalogue of the Flora of New Jersey. By N. L. Britton. 1881. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 An Enumeration of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants growing in Bucks 
 County. By I. S. Moyer, M.D. 1876. 
 
 Florula Cestrica ; an Essay toward a Catalogue of the Phcenogamous Plants , 
 Native and Naturalized , growing in the Vicinity of the Borough of West 
 Chester. By Wm. Darlington. 1826. 
 
 Flora Cestrica; an Attempt to Enumerate and Describe the Flowering and Fili- 
 coid Plants of Chester County , in the State of Pennsylvania. By Wm. 
 Darlington. 1837. Enlarged edition, 1853. 
 
 Catalogue of the Plants of Delaware County. By Dr. Geo. Smith. 
 
 Flora?, Philadelphicm Prodromus. By William P. C. Barton. 1815. 
 
 Compendium Flora? Philadelphia ?; containing a Description of the Indigenous 
 and Naturalized Plants found within a Circuit of Ten Miles around Phil- 
 adelphia. By William P. C. Barton. 1818. 
 
vii 
 
 List of Plants found in the Neighborhood of Philadelphia , February to October , 
 and List of Ferns. By Dr. Darrach. 1860. 
 
 List of the Rarer Plants found near Easton. By L. de Scliweinitz. 1824. 
 
 Catalogue of Botanical Specimens collected by J. Wolle and A. L. Huebener, during 
 the Year 1837, in the Vicinity of Bethlehem and Other Parts of North- 
 ampton County. 1839. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Higher Cryptogams growing without 
 Cultivation within Thirty Miles of Yale College. 1878. 
 
 List of Plants growing spontaneously in Litchfield and its Vicinity. By John P. 
 Brace. 1822. 
 
 Catalogue of the Phcenogamous Plants and the Ferns growing without Cultivation 
 within Five Miles of Yale College. By William Tully, M.D. 1831. 
 Catalogue of the Phcenogamous and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants found growing 
 in Meriden , Conn. (Incomplete.) By Emily J. Leonard. 1885. 
 Additional Plants found growing in Meriden, Conn. , since Issue of Catalogue in 
 1885. By Mrs. E. B. Kendrick. 1886. 
 
 Several private herbaria and a considerable number of manuscript reports 
 have also been carefully examined. 
 
 The work which has specially served as the basis of the present list is the 
 Catalogue of Plants found within Thirty Miles of New York City, compiled by 
 Mr. Wm. H. Leggett and published by him in the Bulletin (vols. i-v, 1870- 
 1876), but reaching only the Graminese. 
 
 The preliminary labor of bringing these various reports into avail- 
 able form was entirely accomplished by the Chairman of the Committee, and 
 the other members take this opportunity of recording the fact that but for his 
 efforts this Catalogue would not have been prepared. 
 
 In the names and arrangement of orders and genera Bentham and Hooker 
 have been closely followed, except that a few genera not accepted by them have 
 been maintained, and the Gymnospermse have been placed immediately before 
 the Pteridophyta. Their convenient plan of citing Linnaeus as author of the 
 earlier generic names accepted by him has also been adopted, though reluct- 
 antly, as it is the firm conviction of the Committee that the just and proper 
 rule would be to give full credit in all such cases to the original authors. As 
 to specific names some important innovations have been made, as fully stated 
 in the report of the subcommittee on nomenclature, who, alone, are respon- 
 sible for all changes. 
 
 As the district includes two important seaports, New York and Philadel- 
 phia, the number of ballast plants reported is very large. These are given 
 separately at the end, none being admitted into the Catalogue proper unless 
 positively reported from some station other than a ballast ground. 
 
 With regard to future Catalogues the present Committee would strongly 
 recommend that they should be descriptive and illustrated, the descriptions 
 to be drawn from specimens collected within the district, thus making a real 
 local Flora, of which much need is constantly felt. It would further urge that 
 special attention be paid to the collection of the lower forms of plant life. 
 Beyond the published lists of C. F. Austin and A. Halsey, very little informa- 
 tion regarding the Bryophyta or Lichens is available; except a few notes by 
 
Vlll 
 
 W. R. Gerard, E. Howe and C. H. Peck, and the descriptions of new species 
 and list of New Jersey forms by J. B. Ellis, nothing is known of our Fungi ; 
 and yet the determination of these plants offers no extraordinary difficulties. 
 The recent establishment by the Club of permanent Flora Committees 
 for both Phanerogamia and Cryptogamia affords good ground for hoping that 
 the publication of complete descriptive lists of all the plants of this region will 
 not be long deferred. 
 
 PREFACE OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 In the preparation of this Catalogue a special effort has been made to 
 maintain for each plant as far as possible its earliest specific or varietal name. 
 No fixed rule can be laid down for determining the generic names of plants, 
 for the boundaries of genera are as shifting and elusive as those of states ; 
 but, as regards specific names, it is fortunately otherwise. In the case of 
 nearly every plant it is possible to ascertain positively who first named it 
 in accordance with the Linnaean binomial system. * The original author may 
 have failed to refer it to the proper genus, either ignorantly or through a 
 praiseworthy unwillingness to found new genera except on the strongest 
 grounds. But whatever specific or varietal term may have first been applied 
 to the plant belongs to it individually, and the most profound subsequent 
 knowledge of it or of its relations to other plants cannot warrant any 
 essential change in this portion of its name, always barring the cases governed 
 by the rule that two species of the same genus must not bear the same name, 
 or by the further rule that the generic and specific names must not be identi- 
 cal. Transfers from genus to genus, and alterations in rank as regards species 
 or variety, must not (except as to gender) in any wise affect the trivial name, 
 which is held to be absolutely fixed by the first publication, so that even the 
 author is not at liberty thereafter to modify it in any way. 
 
 This law of priority as regards names is recognized to a greater or less 
 extent by all botanists. Indeed, chaos would result if it were generally disre- 
 garded, and exactly in proportion as it is rigidly obeyed will order and 
 stability be gradually evolved from the present confusion. Eminent botanists 
 have protested, it is true, against this recognition of the early names of species 
 when published originally in other genera, and more especially when a later 
 name has gained acceptance. It is admitted that the first result of the 
 strict application of this law is a considerable and undesirable increase in the 
 number of synonyms and more or less confusion in the minds of botanists, 
 students especially. These consequences are but temporary, however, and of 
 no real moment weighed against the ultimate benefits to be attained. 
 
 The chief difficulty in the application of this rule is due to the fact that 
 Linnaeus himself and many of his successors have left behind them some 
 species whose identity from lack of authentic specimens remains doubtful. 
 Those utterly impossible of determination may be ignored altogether, but 
 others which can be made out with some show of probability present serious 
 
 * Strictly binomial names of pre-Linnsean date are doubtless entitled to recognition. 
 They involve, however, so many difficult questions of identity that it has been deemed best 
 in the present work to follow the general rule and take up no names published earlier than 
 1753, the date of the first edition of the Species Plantarum of Linnaeus. 
 
ix 
 
 problems ; in all such cases encountered in the preparation of this Catalogue 
 ’a conservative course has been adopted, and no name has been taken up when 
 there was any reasonable doubt as to what plant it was meant to designate. 
 
 Another perplexing question relates to those specific names which are 
 more or less equivalent to the accompanying generic names without being 
 identical. Echinocystis lobata, T. & G. , was originally Sicyos echinatus, Muhl. 
 Is Echinocystis echinata admissible? Larix Americana, Michx., was originally 
 Finns laricina , Du Roi. Can Larix laricina be accepted? In this Catalogue 
 both these questions are decided affirmatively, and those who think otherwise 
 are referred to JSpecularia Speculum , DC., as a weighty precedent. 
 
 Alteration of specific names has often been condoned upon the plausible 
 pretext of making them more appropriate, and many will be disinclined to 
 accept the strict law of priority because it brings in now and then a name 
 which, viewed as descriptive, not only lacks fitness but is erroneous and mis- 
 leading. The polynomial names of the pre-Linnsean systematic botanists 
 necessarily described, and any inaccuracy was a grave defect. It is a special 
 merit of the binomial system that descriptive terms are not essential. The 
 personal names so often employed signify nothing as to the nature of the 
 plants, and yet serve perfectly well to designate species. It is also true that 
 more than one positively deceptive name is in general use. Berberis Cana- 
 densis, L. , does not grow in Canada ; Dioscorea villosa, L. , is never villous ; 
 Salvia Hispanica, L., is “a purely Mexican species.” Let these reconcile the 
 objector to Asclepias Syriaca, L., Conioselinum Chinense, (L.), Oentiana quin- 
 quefolia, L., and some other names which are in fact erroneous, but in practice 
 perfectly satisfactory. It is to be remembered that the same law of priority 
 which forces these names upon us also gives us not a few that are most 
 happily descriptive. 
 
 It may be well before concluding to explain that the author of the earliest 
 specific or varietal name receives due credit in this Catalogue by citation in 
 parenthesis, in all cases where his plant stands in a genus or rank other than 
 that to which he referred it, and where consequently the name as a whole 
 must be credited to some later authority. Ilex glabra , Gray, as commonly 
 cited, wholly ignores Linnaeus’ relation to the plant; Ilex glabra, (L.), Gray, 
 gives due and equal credit to the authors of the original specific name and the 
 present accepted binomial. 
 
 In the list of ballast plants no attempt has been to made to apply the law 
 of priority or to indicate the authors of transferred specific names, partly for 
 want of time and partly because this work should be done by botanists more 
 especially concerned with the Floras of the countries to which the plants 
 naturally belong. 
 
 The present writers are convinced that in the not distant future the law 
 they have taken as their guide will be generally accepted as the only one that 
 promises a reasonable fixity of botanical names. The practice has, indeed, 
 long been generally adopted by zoologists, as well as by lichenologists and 
 mycologists, and its application to flowering plants will serve to bring all 
 biological nomenclature into practical harmony. 
 
INDEX OF ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 A 
 
 Abies 71 
 
 Abutilon 10, 77 
 
 Acalyplia 48, 88 
 
 AOANTHACEyE 41 
 
 *Acanthospermum. ...82 
 
 Acer 12 
 
 Acerates 35 
 
 Achillea 29, 82 
 
 Acnida 45 
 
 Aconitum 2 
 
 Acorns 57 
 
 Actaea 2 
 
 Actinomeris. 29 
 
 ♦Adesmia 79 
 
 Adiantum 73 
 
 Adlumia 3 
 
 Adonis 1 
 
 iEgopodium 21 
 
 ^Eschynomene 13 
 
 iEthusa 22 
 
 *Ageratum 82 
 
 Agrimonia 16 
 
 Agropyrum... 71 
 
 Agrostis 68, 89 
 
 Ailanthus 11 
 
 Aira 68 
 
 Ajuga 44, 86 
 
 *Alchemilla 80 
 
 Aletris 53 
 
 Alisma 58 
 
 Alismace^e 58 
 
 Allium 54 
 
 Alnus 49 
 
 Alopecurus 67, 89 
 
 ♦Alternanthera 87 
 
 Althaea 9, 77 
 
 Alyssum 4, 75 
 
 Amarantus 44, 87 
 
 Amaeantace^e ....44, 87 
 
 Am AE YLLIDE^E 53 
 
 Ambrosia 28, 82 
 
 Amelanchier 17 
 
 Amiantbium 55 
 
 Ammannia 19 
 
 *Ammi 81 
 
 Ammophila 68 
 
 Amorpha 13 
 
 Ampelopm 12 
 
 Ampelide^e 11 
 
 Amphicarpaea 14 
 
 Amphicarpum 65 
 
 ♦Amsinckia 84 
 
 Anaoaediaoe^; 12 
 
 Anachari* 51 
 
 ♦Anacyclus 82 
 
 Anagallis 34, 84 
 
 Anaphalis 28 
 
 ♦Anchusa 84 
 
 Andromeda 33 
 
 Andropogon 66, 89 
 
 Anemone 1 
 
 Anemonella 1 
 
 Angelica . 22 
 
 Anonace^e 2 
 
 Antennaria 28 
 
 Anthemis 29, 83 
 
 Anthoxanthum 67 
 
 Anthriscus 21 
 
 *Anthylli§. 79 
 
 ♦Antirrhinum 86 
 
 Anychia 44 
 
 ♦Apera 89 
 
 Aphyllon 40 
 
 Apios 14 
 
 ♦Apiurn 81 
 
 Aplectrum 51 
 
 Apocynaoe^e .35 
 
 Apocynum 35 
 
 Aquilegia 2 
 
 Arabis 4 
 
 ♦Arachis 80 
 
 Aral! a 22 
 
 Aealiace^e 22 
 
 Arceuthobium 47 
 
 Archangelica 22 
 
 Archemora 22 
 
 Arctium 30 
 
 Arctostapbylos 33 
 
 Arenaria 8, 84 
 
 Arethusa 52 
 
 Argemone 3 
 
 Arisaema 57 
 
 Aristida 67 
 
 Aristolochia 47 
 
 Aeistolochiaoe^e 47 
 
 ♦Armeria 84 
 
 Arnica 30 
 
 ♦Arnoseris 83 
 
 Aeoide^e 57 
 
 Arrhenatherum 68 
 
 Artemisia 3U, 83 
 
 Asarum., 47 
 
 Asolepiade^e 35, 84 
 
 Asclepias 35 
 
 Ballast Plants only. 
 
xii 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Ascyrum 9 
 
 Asimina 2 
 
 Asparagus ...53 
 
 Asperugo 37 
 
 ♦Asperula 81 
 
 *Asphodelus 88 
 
 Aspidium 73 
 
 Asplenium 73 
 
 Asprella 71 
 
 Aster 26, 82 
 
 Astragalus 13, 79 
 
 Atriplex 45, 87 
 
 ♦Atropa 85 
 
 Avena 68, 89 
 
 Azalea 33 
 
 Azolla 72 
 
 B 
 
 Baccharis 27, 82 
 
 Ballota 44 
 
 Baptisia 12 
 
 Barbarea 4 
 
 Bartonia 36 
 
 Belamcanda 53 
 
 ♦Beilis 82 
 
 Berberide^e 3 
 
 Berberis 3 
 
 Berula 21 
 
 ♦Beta 87 
 
 Betula 49 
 
 Bidens 29, 82 
 
 ♦Bifora 81 
 
 Bigelovia 25 
 
 Bignoniaoe^e 41 
 
 Blepbilia 43 
 
 Blitum 45 
 
 Bcehmeria 48 
 
 Bonamia 38 
 
 Borragine^e 37, 84 
 
 ♦Borrago 84 
 
 Botrychium 72 
 
 Bouteloua 69 
 
 Brachyelytrum 67 
 
 Brasenia 3 
 
 Brassica 5, 75 
 
 Breweria 38 
 
 Briza 69, 89 
 
 Brizopyrum 69 
 
 Bromus 70, 90 
 
 Broussonetia 48 
 
 Brunella 43, 86 
 
 Buchnera 40 
 
 ♦Bunias 76 
 
 ♦Buphthalmum 82 
 
 Bupleurum 21, 81 
 
 C 
 
 Cacalia 30 
 
 Cacte^e 20 
 
 Cakile 5, 76 
 
 Calamagrostis 68 
 
 Calamintha 42, 86 
 
 ♦Calendula 83 
 
 Calla 57 
 
 Callitriche 19 
 
 Calopogon 52 
 
 Caltha 2 
 
 ♦Calycera 81 
 
 *C AL Y OERE^E 81 
 
 Galystegia 38 
 
 Camelina 5 
 
 Campanula 32, 84 
 
 Campanulaoje 32, 84 
 
 Camptosorus 73 
 
 Cannabis 48 
 
 Capparide^e 5, 76 
 
 Caprifoliaoe^e ....23, 81 
 
 Capsella 5 
 
 Cardamine 4 
 
 ♦Cardiospermum 78 
 
 Carduus 30, 83 
 
 Carex 62, 88 
 
 Carpinus 49 
 
 ♦Cartbamus 83 
 
 Carum 21 
 
 Carya 49 
 
 Caryophyllejs .... 7, 76 
 
 Cassandra 33 
 
 Cassia 15, 80 
 
 Castalia 3 
 
 Castanea 50 
 
 Castilleja 40 
 
 Catalpa 41 
 
 ♦Caucalis 81 
 
 Caulophyllum 3 
 
 Ceanotlius 11 
 
 Celastrine^e 11 
 
 Celastrus 11 
 
 ♦Celosia 87 
 
 Celtis 48 
 
 Cenchrus 66 
 
 ♦Cenia 83 
 
 Centaurea 30, 83 
 
 Cephalanthus 23 
 
 Cerastium 8, 77 
 
 CERATOPHYLLE.E 51 
 
 Ceratophyllum 51 
 
 Cercis 15 
 
 ChaGrophyllum 21, 81 
 
 Chamsecyparis 71 
 
 Chamselirium 54 
 
 Cheilanthes 73 
 
 Ckelidonium 3 
 
 Chelone 39 
 
 Chenopodiaoe^e. ..45, 87 
 
 Chenopodium 45, 87 
 
 Chimaphila 33 
 
 Chiogenes 32 
 
 Chionanthus 35 
 
 ♦Chloris 89 
 
 Chrysanthemum... 29, 83 
 
 Chrysosplenium 17 
 
 Chrysopogon 67 
 
 Chrysopsis 25 
 
 Cichorium 31, 83 
 
 Cicuta 21 
 
 Cimicifuga 2 
 
 Cinna 68 
 
 Circaea 20 
 
 Cirsium 30 
 
 ClSTINE-JS 6 
 
 Cladium 62 
 
 ♦Cladothrix 87 
 
 Claytonia 9 
 
 Clematis 1 
 
 Cleome 5 
 
 Clethra 34 
 
 Clintonia 55 
 
 Clitoria 14 
 
 Cnicus 30, 83 
 
 Collinsonia 41 
 
 ♦Colutea 79 
 
 Comandra 47 
 
 Commelina 56 
 
 COMMELINACE^E 56 
 
 Composite 25, 82 
 
 I Compt^nia 49 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Xlll 
 
 Conifers 71 
 
 Conioselinum 22 
 
 Conium 21 
 
 Conobea 39 
 
 Conodinium 25 
 
 Conopholis 40 
 
 Conv allaria 54 
 
 CONVOLYULAOEJE . . 37, 85 
 
 Convolvulus 38, 85 
 
 ♦Conyza 82 
 
 Coptis 2 
 
 Corallorhiza 51 
 
 ♦Corchorus 77 
 
 Corema ....51 
 
 Coreopsis 29 
 
 ♦Coriandrum 81 
 
 Cornaoej? 22 
 
 Cornus 22 
 
 Coronilla 13, 79 
 
 *Corrigiola 87 
 
 Corydalis 4 
 
 Corylus 49 
 
 ♦Corynephorus 89 
 
 Crantzia 21 
 
 Crassulaoe^e 18 
 
 Crataegus 17 
 
 Crepis 31 
 
 Crotalaria 12 
 
 Croton 48, 88 
 
 Crotonopsis 48 
 
 Crucifers 4, 75 
 
 Crypgis 67 
 
 Cryptotaenia 21 
 
 Ctjourbitaoe^e ....20, 80 
 
 Cunila 42 
 
 Cuphea 19 
 
 Cupressus 71 
 
 Cupulifer^e 49 
 
 Cuscuta 38 
 
 Cycloloma 45 
 
 Cynodon 69 
 
 Cynoglossum 87 
 
 Cynosurus 69 
 
 Cynthia 81 
 
 Cyperaoe^e 59, 88 
 
 Cyperus 59, 88 
 
 Cypripedium 52 
 
 Cystopteris 73 
 
 Cytisus 12 
 
 D 
 
 Dactylis 69 
 
 Dalibarda 15 
 
 Danthonia ...68 
 
 Datura 38, 85 
 
 Daucus 22, 81 
 
 Delphinium 2, 75 
 
 Dentaria 4 
 
 Deschampsia 68 
 
 ♦Desmanthus 80 
 
 Desmodium 13 
 
 Deyeuxia.. 68 
 
 Dianthera 41 
 
 Dianthus 7, 76 
 
 Dl APENSI AOE^E 34 
 
 Dicentra 3 
 
 ♦Dichondra 85 
 
 Dichromena 60 
 
 Dicksonia 74 
 
 Diervilla 23 
 
 ♦Digitalis 86 
 
 Diodia 24 
 
 Dioscorea. ...53 
 
 Dioscoreaoete 53 
 
 Diospyros 34 
 
 Diplachne 69 
 
 Diplopappus 26, 27 
 
 Diplotaxis 5, 75 
 
 Dipsace^e 24, 81 
 
 Dipsacus 24 
 
 Dirca 47 
 
 Discopleura 22 
 
 Distichlis 69 
 
 ♦Dorycnium 79 
 
 Draba 4 
 
 Drosera 18 
 
 Droserace^e 18 
 
 Dulichium 60 
 
 E 
 
 Eatonia 69 
 
 Ebenaoe^e 34 
 
 ♦Ecbalium 80 
 
 Echinocystis 20 
 
 Echinospermum...37, 84 
 
 Echium 37, 84 
 
 Eclipta 28 
 
 Elatine 9 
 
 Elatine.e 9 
 
 EleocJicuris 
 
 ...60, 61 
 
 Eleusine 
 
 .. 69, 89 
 
 Ellisia 
 
 37 
 
 Elodea 
 
 51 
 
 Elodes 
 
 9 
 
 Ely mu s 
 
 
 *Emex 
 
 87 
 
 Empetrace^e .... 
 
 51 
 
 Epigaea 
 
 
 Epilobium 
 
 ...19, 80 
 
 Epiphegus. 
 
 40 
 
 Equisetace^e .... 
 
 ...74. 90 
 
 Equisetum 
 
 ...74, 90 
 
 Eragrostis 
 
 ...69, 89 
 
 Eranthis 
 
 
 Erechtites 
 
 30 
 
 Erianthus 
 
 66 
 
 Ericaceae 
 
 
 Erigeron 
 
 ...27, 82 
 
 Eriocaule.e 
 
 59 
 
 Eriocaulon 
 
 59 
 
 .Eriophorum 
 
 61 
 
 Erodium 
 
 ...10, 78 
 
 ♦Ervum 
 
 80 
 
 Eryngium 
 
 ...21, 80 
 
 Erysimum 
 
 ... 5, 75 
 
 Erythrsea 
 
 
 Erythronium .... 
 
 
 ♦Eschscholtzia . . 
 
 75 
 
 Euonymus 
 
 
 Eupatorium 
 
 ...25, 82 
 
 Euphorbia 
 
 ...47, 87 
 
 Eitphorbiace^e . . 
 
 .. 47, 87 
 
 F 
 
 
 Fagopyrum 
 
 46 
 
 Fagus 
 
 
 Fedia 
 
 24 
 
 Festuca 
 
 ...70, 90 
 
 Ficaria 
 
 
 Fiooide^e 
 
 ...20, 80 
 
 Filago 
 
 
 Filioes 
 
 72 
 
 Fimbristylis 
 
 . .60, 88 
 
 ♦Flaveria 
 
 82 
 
 Flcerkea . 
 
 10 
 
 Fceniculum 
 
 
 Fragaria 
 
 16 
 
 Frangula 
 
 
XIV 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 • *Frankenia 76 
 
 ♦Feankeniaceye 76 
 
 Fraxinus 35 
 
 Fuirena 61 
 
 Fumaria 4, 75 
 
 G 
 
 Galactia 14 
 
 Galeopsis 43, 86 
 
 Galinsoga 29 
 
 Galium 24, 81 
 
 *Gaudinia 89 
 
 Gaultheria 33 
 
 Gaura 20, 80 
 
 Gaylussacia 32 
 
 Genista 12, 78 
 
 Gentian a 36 
 
 Gentiane^e 36 
 
 Geraniace^e 10, 78 
 
 Geranium 10, 78 
 
 Gerardia 10 
 
 Geum 16 
 
 *Gilia 84 
 
 Gillenia 15 
 
 Glaucium 3 
 
 Gleditschia 15 
 
 Glyceria 70, 90 
 
 Gnaphalium 28, 82 
 
 *Gomphrena 87 
 
 Gonolobus 35 
 
 Goodyera 52 
 
 *Gossypium 77 
 
 Gramine^e 65, 88 
 
 Gratiola 39 
 
 ♦Grindelia 82 
 
 ♦Guizotia 82 
 
 Gymnopogon. 69 
 
 Gymnostichum 71 
 
 Gynandropsis 6 
 
 Gypsophila 7, 76 
 
 H 
 
 Habenaria 52 
 
 HyEMODORACEyE 53 
 
 Halenia 36 
 
 HaloragEyE 18 
 
 HamamelideyE 18 
 
 Hamamelis 18 
 
 Hedeoma 42 
 
 Helenium 29, 82 
 
 Heleocbaris 60 
 
 Heleochloa 67 
 
 Helianthemum 6 
 
 Helianthus 29, 82 
 
 Heliopsis 28, 82 
 
 Heliotropium 37, 84 
 
 Helleborus 2 
 
 Helonias 54 
 
 Hemerocallis 54 
 
 Hemicarpha 61 
 
 *Hemizonia 82 
 
 Hepatica 1 
 
 Heracleum 22, 81 
 
 ♦Herniaria 87 
 
 Herpestis 39, 86 
 
 Hesperis 5 
 
 Heteranthera 55 
 
 ♦Heterotheca 82 
 
 Heuchera 17 
 
 Hibiscus 10 
 
 Hieracium 31, 83 
 
 Hierochloa 67, 89 
 
 ♦Hippocrepis 79 
 
 Hippuris 18 
 
 Holcus 68, 89 
 
 Hordeum 71 , 90 
 
 Hottonia 34 
 
 Houstonia 24 
 
 Hudsonia 6 
 
 Humulus 48 
 
 Hydrangea 18 
 
 Hydrastis 2 
 
 HydrooharideyE 51 
 
 Hydrocotyle 20 
 
 HydrophyllaceyE 37, 84 
 
 Hydrophyllum 37 
 
 Hyoscyamus 38, 85 
 
 ♦Hypecoum 75 
 
 HypeeicineyE 9, 77 
 
 Hypericum 9, 77 
 
 ♦Hypoclieeris 83 
 
 Hypopitys 34 
 
 Hypoxys 53 
 
 Hyssopus 42 
 
 I 
 
 ♦Iberis 76 
 
 Ilex 11 
 
 j Ilicine/e ll 
 
 Illecebeaceye . . 
 
 ...44, 87 
 
 Ilysanthes 
 
 39 
 
 Impatiens 
 
 10 
 
 Inula 
 
 ,...28, 82 
 
 ♦Ionidium 
 
 76 
 
 Ipomcea 
 
 ...37, 85 
 
 Ibidem , .... 
 
 ...53, 88 
 
 Iris 
 
 ,...53, 88 
 
 Isanthus 
 
 
 IsOETEyE 
 
 
 Isoetes 
 
 72 
 
 Itea 
 
 18 
 
 Iva 
 
 28 
 
 J 
 
 ♦Jasione 
 
 84 
 
 JuGLANDEyE 
 
 49 
 
 Juglans 
 
 49 
 
 JuncacEyE 
 
 56 
 
 Juncus 
 
 56 
 
 Juniperus 
 
 71 
 
 Jussisea 
 
 ...19, 80 
 
 K 
 
 Kalmia 
 
 33 
 
 ♦Kochia 
 
 87 
 
 ♦Koeleria 
 
 89 
 
 Kosteletzkya .... 
 
 10 
 
 Krigia 
 
 31 
 
 Kuhnia 
 
 25 
 
 L 
 
 Labiate 
 
 ...41, 86 
 
 Lachnanthes 
 
 53 
 
 Lactuca 
 
 31 
 
 Lamium 
 
 44 
 
 Laportea 
 
 48 
 
 Lappa 
 
 30 
 
 Lapsana 
 
 31 
 
 Larix 
 
 71 
 
 Lathyrus 
 
 ...14, 80 
 
 LaURINEyE 
 
 47 
 
 Lecliea 
 
 6 
 
 Ledum 
 
 33 
 
 Leersia 
 
 66 
 
 LeguminoSyE 
 
 ...12, 78 
 
 Leiophyllum 
 
 33 
 
 Lemna 
 
 57 
 
 Lemna 
 
 58 
 
INDEX. 
 
 XV 
 
 Lemnace^e 57 
 
 LeNTIBULARIE Ai 41 
 
 Leontodon 31, 84 
 
 Leonurus 43, 86 
 
 Lepidium 5, 76 
 
 Lepigonum 8 
 
 Leptochloa 69, 89 
 
 Leptochloa 69 
 
 *Lepturus 90 
 
 Lespedeza 14 
 
 Leucanthemum 29 
 
 Leucothoe 33 
 
 Liatris 25 
 
 Ligustrum 35 
 
 Liliaoe.e 53, 88 
 
 Lilium 54 
 
 Limnanthemum .36 
 
 Limnobium 51 
 
 Limosella 39 
 
 Linaria 39, 85 
 
 Lindera 47 
 
 LlNEiE 10, 77 
 
 Linnsea 23 
 
 Linum 10, 77 
 
 Liparis 51 
 
 Lipocarpha 61 
 
 Lippia 41, 86 
 
 Liquidambar 18 
 
 Liriodendron 2 
 
 Listera 51 
 
 Lithospermum 37 
 
 Lobelia 32 
 
 Loganiaoe^e 36 
 
 Lolium 70, 90 
 
 Lonicera 23 
 
 Lophanthus 43 
 
 Lophiola 53 
 
 Lob anth aoe,e 47 
 
 ♦Lotus 79 
 
 Ludwigia 19 
 
 Lupinus 12, 78 
 
 Luzula 57 
 
 Lychnis 8, 76 
 
 Lycium 38 
 
 Lycopodiace^e 72 
 
 Lycopodium 72 
 
 Lyeopsis 37 
 
 Lycopus 42 
 
 Lygodium 74 
 
 Lysimachia 34 
 
 Lythkaeee 19 
 
 Ly thrum 19 
 
 M 
 
 Magnolia 2 
 
 Magnoliace^e 2 
 
 Maianthemum 54 
 
 Malva 9, 77 
 
 Malvaceae ... 9, 77 
 
 ♦Malvastrum 77 
 
 Marrubium 43 
 
 Marsilia 72 
 
 Martynia 41 
 
 Maruta 29 
 
 Matricaria ...29, 83 
 
 Medeola 55 
 
 Medicago 12, 78 
 
 Melampyrum 40 
 
 ♦Melanthera 82 
 
 Melanthium 55 
 
 Melastomaoe^e 19 
 
 Melilotus 12, 78 
 
 Melissa 42 
 
 Menispermace^e 2 
 
 Menispermum 2 
 
 Mentha 42, 86 
 
 Menyanthes 36 
 
 ♦Mercurialis 88 
 
 Mertensia 37 
 
 *Mesembryanthemum80 
 
 Micranthemum 39 
 
 Microstylis 51 
 
 Mikania 25, 82 
 
 Milium 67 
 
 Mimulus 39 
 
 Mitchella 24 
 
 Mitella 17 
 
 ♦Modiola 77 
 
 ♦Molinia 89 
 
 Mollugo 20, 80 
 
 Monarda 43 
 
 Moneses 33 
 
 Monotropa 34 
 
 Monotrope je 34 
 
 Montelia 45 
 
 Morus 48 
 
 Muhlenbergia 67 
 
 Mulgedium 31 
 
 Muscari 54 
 
 Myosotis 37, 84 
 
 Myrica 49 
 
 Myricace^e 49 
 
 Myriophyllum 19 
 
 N 
 
 Nabalus 31 
 
 Naiadace.® 58 
 
 Naias 59 
 
 *Nama 84 
 
 Narthecium 54 
 
 Nasturtium ... 4, 75 
 
 Negundo 12 
 
 Neillia 15 
 
 Nelumbo 3 
 
 Nemopanthes 11 
 
 Nepeta 43 
 
 Nessea 19 
 
 ♦Neslia 76 
 
 Nicandra 38 
 
 Nicotiana 38, 85 
 
 ♦Nonnea 84 
 
 Nuphar 3 
 
 Nymphsea 3 
 
 Nymph^eace^e 3 
 
 Nyssa 23 
 
 O 
 
 Oakesia 55 
 
 Obolaria 36 
 
 ♦CEnanthe 81 
 
 (Enothera 20 
 
 Oldenlandia 24 
 
 Oleace^e ...35 
 
 Onagrarie.e 19, 80 
 
 Onoclea 74 
 
 ♦Ononis 78 
 
 Onopordon 30 
 
 Onosmodium 37 
 
 Ophioglossace.e 72 
 
 Ophioglossum .72 
 
 Opuntia 20 
 
 Orchide,® 51 
 
 Orchis 52 
 
 Origanum 42 
 
 Ornithogalum 54 
 
 ♦Ornithopus 79 
 
 Orobanchace^e. ...40, 86 
 
XVI 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ' Orobanche 40, 86 
 
 Orontium. 57 
 
 Oryzopsis 67 
 
 Osmorhiza 21 
 
 Osmunda 74 
 
 Ostrya 49 
 
 Oxalis 10 
 
 Oxycoccus 32 
 
 P 
 
 Panicum 65, 89 
 
 Papaver 3, 75 
 
 Papavekaoe^e 3, 75 
 
 Pardanthus 53 
 
 Parietaria 48, 88 
 
 Parnassia 18 
 
 ♦Parthenium 82 
 
 Paspalum ...65, 83 
 
 Pastinaca 22 
 
 *Pavonia 77 
 
 Pedaline^e 41, 86 
 
 Pedicularis 40 
 
 Pellsea 73 
 
 Peltandra 57 
 
 Penthorum 18 
 
 Pentstemon 39 
 
 *Peri)la 
 
 Petasites 30 
 
 Petunia 38, 85 
 
 *Peucedanum 81 
 
 Plialaris 67, 89 
 
 Phaseolus 14 
 
 Phegopteris 73 
 
 ♦Philibertia 84 
 
 Phleum 68, 89 
 
 Phlox 36 
 
 Phoradendron 47 
 
 Phragmites 69 
 
 Phryma 41 
 
 Phyllanthus 48, 88 
 
 Physalis 38, 85 
 
 Physostegia 43 
 
 Phytolacca 46 
 
 Phytolaooaoe^e 46 
 
 Picea 71 
 
 ♦Picris 83 
 
 Pilea 48 
 
 Pimpinella 21 
 
 Pinus 71 
 
 Pipekaoete 47 
 
 *Pisum 80 
 
 Plantagine^e 44, 86 
 
 Plantago 44, 86 
 
 Platan aoe^e 49 
 
 Platanus 49 
 
 Pluchea 27 
 
 Plumb agine^e 34, 84 
 
 Poa 70 
 
 Podophyllum 3 
 
 PODOSTEMACE.E 47 
 
 Podostemon 47 
 
 Pogonia 52 
 
 Polanisia 6, 76 
 
 POLEMONIACEAS ... .36, 84 
 
 Polemonium 36 
 
 *Polycarpon 77 
 
 *Polycnemon 87 
 
 Polygala 7 
 
 POLYGALE^E 7 
 
 POLYGONAOE^E 46, 87 
 
 Polygonatum 54 
 
 Polygonum 46, 87 
 
 Polymnia 28 
 
 Poly podium 72 
 
 Polypogon 68 
 
 Poly premum 36 
 
 Pontederia 55 
 
 PoNTEDERI ACE^E 55 
 
 Populus 51 
 
 Portulaca 9, 77 
 
 PORTULAOEuE 9, 77 
 
 Potamogeton 58 
 
 Potentilla 16, 80 
 
 Poterium 16 
 
 Prenanthes 31 
 
 Primulaoe^e 34, 84 
 
 Proserpinaca 18 
 
 Prunus 15 
 
 Psilocarya 60 
 
 *Psoralea 79 
 
 Ptelea 11 
 
 Pteris 73 
 
 Pterospora 34 
 
 Py cnanthemum 42 
 
 Pyrola 33 
 
 Pyrus 17 
 
 Pyxidanthera 34 
 
 Q 
 
 Quercus 49 
 
 R 
 
 Ranunoulace^e.... 1, 75 
 
 Ranunculus 1, 75 
 
 Raphanus 5, 76 
 
 ♦Rapistrum 76 
 
 Reseda 6, 76 
 
 Resedace^e 6, 76 
 
 Rhamne^e 11 
 
 Rhamnus 11 
 
 Rhexia 19 
 
 Rhinanthus 40 
 
 Rhododendron 33 
 
 Rhodora 33 
 
 Rhus 12 
 
 *Rhynchosia 80 
 
 Rhyncospora 61 
 
 Rhyncospora 60 
 
 Ribes 18 
 
 ♦Ricinus 88 
 
 *Richardsonia ..81 
 
 Robinia 13 
 
 Rosa 16 
 
 Rosaoe^e 15, 80 
 
 Roubieva 45 
 
 Rubiaoe^e 23, 81 
 
 Rubus 15, 80 
 
 Rudbeckia 28 
 
 Ruellia 41 
 
 Rumex 46, 87 
 
 Ruppia 59 
 
 Ruta 11 
 
 Rutaoe.® 11 
 
 S 
 
 Sabbatia 36 
 
 Sagina 8, 77 
 
 Sagittaria 58 
 
 Salioine^e 50 
 
 Salicornia 45 
 
 Salix 50 
 
 Salsola 46 
 
 Salvia 43, 86 
 
 Sambucus 23, 81 
 
 Samolus 34 
 
 Sanguinaria 3 
 
 Sanicula 21 
 
 Santalaoe^e 47 
 
INDEX. 
 
 XVII 
 
 Sapindaoes 
 
 ..12, 78 
 
 Saponaria 
 
 .. 7, 76 
 
 Sarracenia 
 
 3 
 
 Sarraceniace.e.. 
 
 3 
 
 Sassafras 
 
 47 
 
 Satureia 
 
 ..42, 86 
 
 Saururus 
 
 47 
 
 Saxifraga 
 
 17 
 
 Saxifrages 
 
 17 
 
 *Scabiosa. 
 
 
 *3candix 
 
 81 
 
 Scheuchzeria 
 
 58 
 
 Schizsea 
 
 74 
 
 Schollera 
 
 55 
 
 Schwalbea 
 
 40 
 
 Scirpus 
 
 .61, 88 
 
 Scleranthus 
 
 44 
 
 Scleria 
 
 62 
 
 Sclerolepis 
 
 25 
 
 *Scolymus 
 
 83 
 
 *Scoparia 
 
 86 
 
 *Scorpiurus 
 
 79 
 
 Scrophularia 
 
 .39, 86 
 
 SOROPHULAEINES 
 
 .39, 85 
 
 Scutellaria 
 
 43 
 
 Sedum 
 
 18 
 
 Selaginella 
 
 72 
 
 Selaginelles .... 
 
 72 
 
 Senebiera 
 
 5 
 
 Senecio 
 
 30, 83 
 
 Sericocarpus 
 
 26 
 
 *Serratula 
 
 83 
 
 *Sesamum 
 
 86 
 
 *Sesbania 
 
 79 
 
 Sesuvium 
 
 20 
 
 Setaria 
 
 66, 89 
 
 ♦Sherardia 
 
 81 
 
 Sicyos 
 
 20 
 
 Sida 
 
 . 10, 77 
 
 Silene 
 
 . 7, 76 
 
 Silphium 
 
 28 
 
 *Silybum 
 
 83 
 
 Simarubes 
 
 . ...11 
 
 Sisymbrium 
 
 ...5, 75 
 
 Sisyrinchium 
 
 53 
 
 Sium 
 
 21 
 
 Smilacina 
 
 54 
 
 Smilax 
 
 53 
 
 SOLANACES 
 
 .38, 85 
 
 Solanum 38, 85 
 
 Solea 7 
 
 Solidago 25, 82 
 
 Sonchus 31, 84 
 
 Sorghum 67 
 
 Sparganium 57 
 
 ! Spartina 66 
 
 Specularia 32, 84 
 
 Spergula 8 
 
 Spergularia 8 
 
 *Splueralcea ....77 
 
 J *Spilanthes 82 
 
 Spiraea 15 
 
 Spirantlies 52 
 
 Spirodela 58 
 
 Sporobolus 68, 89 
 
 Stachys 43, 86 
 
 St.aphylea 12 
 
 Statice 34 
 
 Steironema 34 
 
 Stellaria 8, 77 
 
 *Sterculiaces 77 
 
 Stipa 67 
 
 Streptopus 54 
 
 Struthiopteris 74 
 
 Stylosanthes 13 
 
 I Suaeda 45 
 
 Symphoricarpos 23 
 
 | Symphytum 37 
 
 Symplocarpus 57 
 
 T 
 
 Talinum 9 
 
 Tanacetum 30 
 
 Taraxacum 31 
 
 Taxus 71 
 
 Tecoma 41 
 
 I *Teesdalia 76 
 
 j Tephrosia 13 
 
 i Teucrium 44, 86 
 
 Thalictrum. 1 
 
 Thaspium 22 
 
 Thlaspi 5 
 
 ! Thuja 71 
 
 Tiiymelsaces 47 
 
 Thymus 42 
 
 Tiarella 17 
 
 Tiedemannia 22 
 
 Tilia 10 
 
 Tiliaoes 10, 77 
 
 Tillaea 18 
 
 Tipularia 51 
 
 Tofieldia 55 
 
 ♦Tournefortia 84 
 
 Tradescantia 56 
 
 Tragopogon 32 
 
 *Tragus 89 
 
 Trapa 20 
 
 *Trianthema 80 
 
 ♦Tribulus 78 
 
 Trichostema 44 
 
 T ricuspis 69 
 
 Trientalis 34 
 
 Trifolium 13, 79 
 
 Triglochin 58 
 
 ♦Trigonella 78 
 
 Trillium 55 
 
 Triodia 69 
 
 Triosteum 23 
 
 Triplasis 69 
 
 Tripsacum 66 
 
 Trisetum 68 
 
 Triticum 71 
 
 Trollius 2 
 
 Tsuga 71 
 
 Tunica 7 
 
 Tussilago 30 
 
 Typhaces 57 
 
 Typha 57 
 
 U 
 
 *Ulex 
 
 Ulmus 
 
 Umbellifers 
 
 Uniola 
 
 *Urena 
 
 Urtica 
 
 Urticaces... . 
 Utricularia .... 
 Uvularia 
 
 V 
 
 Vaccaria 
 
 7 
 
 Vacoiniaces ... 
 
 32 
 
 Yaccinium 
 
 32 
 
 Valeriana 
 
 24 
 
 Valerianes. ... 
 
 ... 24, 81 
 
 Valerianella 
 
 ....24, 81 
 
 78 
 
 48 
 
 20, 80 
 69 
 
 48 
 
 .48, 88 
 
 41 
 
 55 
 
xvm 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Vallisneria 
 
 51 
 
 V IOLARIE.E 
 
 .. 6, 76 | 
 
 Xerophyllum 
 
 ....54 
 
 Yeratrum 
 
 55 
 
 Vitis 
 
 11 
 
 Xykide^e 
 
 . ..55 
 
 
 .. 39, 85 
 
 
 
 Xyris 
 
 55 
 
 Verbena 
 
 ...41, 86 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 VERBENAOE.E .... 
 
 .. 41, 86 
 
 *Wahlenbergia .. 
 
 84 
 
 Z 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 Wald stein ia 
 
 16 
 
 Zannicliellia . .. 
 
 59 
 
 Veronica 
 
 ...39 86 
 
 ♦Waltheria 
 
 77 
 
 Zizania 
 
 ....66 
 
 Viburnum 
 
 23 
 
 Wolffia 
 
 58 1 
 
 Zizia 
 
 
 Vicia 
 
 ...14, 80 
 
 Woodsia 
 
 74 
 
 Zizia 
 
 ....22 
 
 *Vigna 
 
 80 
 
 Woodwardia 
 
 73 
 
 Zostera 
 
 ....59 
 
 Vilfa 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 Zygadenus 
 
 ....55 
 
 Vinca 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 ♦Zygophylleje 
 
 ...78 
 
 Vincetoxicum . 
 
 35 
 
 Xantbium 
 
 28 
 
 *Zygophyllum 
 
 ....78 
 
 Viola. 
 
 6 
 
 Xanthoxylum .... 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 KANTJNCULA.CEiE. 
 
 Clematis, L. 
 
 ochroleuca, Ait. 
 verticillaris, DC. 
 
 Viorna, L. 
 
 Virginian a, L. 
 
 Thalictrum, L. 
 
 dioicum, L. 
 
 polygamum, Muhl. (T. Cornuti , Gray , not X.) 
 purpurascens, L. 
 
 Anemonella, Spach. 
 
 thalictroides, (L.), Spach. ( Thalictrum anemonoides , Michx.) 
 
 Anemone, L. 
 
 acutiloba, (DC.), Lawson. ( Hepatica acutiloba , DC.) 
 cylindrica, Gray. 
 
 dichotoma, L. (A. Pennsylvania , X.) 
 
 Hepatica, L. {Hepatica triloba , Chaix.) 
 nemorosa, L. 
 
 var. quinquefolia, Gray. 
 
 Virginiana, L. 
 
 Adonis, L. 
 
 autumnalis , L. 
 
 Ranunculus, L. 
 
 abortivus, L. 
 
 var. micranthus, (Nutt.), Gray. 
 acris, X. 
 
 ambigens, S. Wats. (X. alismcefolius , Gray, not Geyer.) 
 aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. 
 bulbosus, X. 
 
 circinatus, Sibth. (X. divaricatus , Gray, Manual.) 
 Cymbalaria, Pursh. 
 fascicularis, Muhl. 
 
 Ficaria , X. ( Ficaria ranunculoides, Moench.) 
 
 multifidus, Pursh. 
 
 Pennsylvanicus, L. f. 
 pusillus, Poir. 
 recurvatus, Poir. 
 
repens, L. 
 
 reptans, L. (It. Flarnmula , L., var. reptans , Meyer.') 
 sceleratus, L. 
 
 septentrionalis, Poir. (R. repens, Gray, Manual, in part.) 
 
 Caltha, L. 
 
 flabellifolia, Pursh. 
 palustris, L. 
 
 Hydrastis, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 Trollius, L. 
 
 Americanus, Muhl. (T. laxus, Salisb.) 
 
 Helleborus, L. 
 
 viridis, L. 
 
 Eranthis, Salisb. 
 
 hy emails, (X.), Salisb. 
 
 Coptis, Salisb. 
 
 trifolia, (L.), Salisb. 
 
 Aquilegia, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 var. flaviflora, (Tenney), Britton. 
 vulgaris , L. 
 
 Delphinium, L. 
 
 Gonsolida, L. 
 
 Aconitum, L. 
 
 Napellus, L. 
 
 Actaea, L. 
 
 alba, Bigel. 
 
 spicata, L., var. rubra, Ait. 
 
 Cimicifuga, L. 
 
 racemoFa, (L.), Nutt. 
 
 MAGNOLI ACEiE. 
 
 Magnolia, L. 
 
 glauca, L. 
 
 tripetala, L. {M. Umbrella , Lam.) 
 
 Liriodendron, L. 
 
 Tulipifera, L. 
 
 ANONACEiE. 
 
 Asimina, Adans. 
 
 triloba, (L.), Dun. 
 
 MENISPERMACEA 
 
 Menispermum, L. 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 
* MMk 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 3 
 
 BERBERIDEiE. 
 
 Berberis, L. 
 
 vulgaris, L. 
 
 Caulophyllum, Michx. 
 
 thalictroides, (L.), Michx. 
 
 Podophyllum, L. 
 
 peltatum, L. 
 
 NYMPHiEACEiE. 
 
 Brasenia, Schreb. 
 
 peltata, (Thunb.), Pursh. 
 
 Nymphaea, L., Salisb. ( Nuphar , Smith.) 
 advena, Soland. (. Nuphar advena , Ait.) 
 microphylla, Pers. (. Nuphar Kalmiana , Ait.) 
 rubrodisca, (Morong), Greene. ( Nuphar luteum , (dray, not 
 Smith.) 
 
 Castalia, Salisb. (. Nymphcea . L., in part.) 
 odorata, (Dryand), Greene, 
 var. minor, (Sims). 
 
 Nelumbo, Adans. 
 
 lutea, (Willd.), Pers. 
 
 SARRACENIACEtE. 
 
 Sarracenia, L. 
 
 purpurea, L. 
 
 PAPAVERACEiE. 
 
 Papaver, L. 
 
 Argemone , L. 
 dubium, L. 
 somniferum , L. 
 
 Argemone, L. 
 
 Mexicana, L. 
 
 Sanguinaria, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 Glaucium, Juss. 
 
 luteum, Scop. 
 
 Chelidonium, L. 
 
 majus , L. 
 
 Dicentra, Borkh. 
 
 Canadensis, (Goldie), DC. 
 
 Cucullaria, (L.), DC. 
 
 Adlumia, Raf. 
 
 fungosa, (Ait.), Greene in litt. (A. cirrhosa , Raf) 
 
 
4 
 
 Corydalis, DC. 
 
 aurea, (Michx.), Willd. 
 flavula, (Raf.), DC. 
 
 sempervirens, (L.), Pers. ( C . glauca , Pursh.) 
 
 Fumaria, L. 
 
 officinalis, X. 
 
 CRUCIFERS. 
 
 Nasturtium, R. Br. 
 
 Armor acia , (X.), Fries . 
 lacustre, Gray. 
 officinale , B. Br. 
 palustre, (L.), DC. 
 
 var. hispidum, (Desv.), Fisch. & Meyer. 
 
 sylvestre, (X.), B. Br. 
 
 Barbarea, R. Br. 
 
 prcecox, {Smith), B. Br. 
 vulgaris, B. Br. 
 
 var. arcuata , {Beichenb.), Koch. 
 
 Arabis, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 confinis, S. Wats. (A. Drummondii , Gray, Manual.) 
 
 glabra, (L.), Bernh. {A perfoliata, Lam.) 
 
 hirsuta, (L.), Scop. 
 
 laevigata, (Muhl.), Poir. 
 
 lyrata, L. 
 
 patens, Sulliv. 
 
 Cardaminr, L. 
 
 bulbosa, (Schreb.) {C. rhomboidea, DC.) 
 var. purpurea, (Torr.) 
 
 diphylla, (Michx.), Wood. {Dentaria diphylla, Michx.) 
 lieterophylla, (Nutt.), Wood. {L>. heterophylla, Nutt.) 
 hirsuta, L. 
 
 var. sylvatica, (Link), Gray, 
 laciniata, (Muhl.), Wood. {L>. laciniata, Muhl.) 
 maxima, (Nutt.), Wood. (X>. maxima , Nutt.) 
 pratensis, L. 
 rotundifolia, Michx. 
 
 Alyssum, 'L. 
 
 calycinum, X. 
 maritimum , X. 
 
 Draba, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt, 
 verna, L. 
 

 m um 
 
 fi 
 
 mmm up turns. 
 
 
5 
 
 Hesperis, L. 
 
 matronalis„ X. 
 
 Sisymbrium, L. 
 
 Alliaria , (X.\ Scop . 
 officinale, (X.), Ncop. 
 
 pinnatum, (Walt.), Greene. (N. canescens, Kutt.) 
 Sophia, X. 
 
 Thaliana, (X.), Xay. 
 
 Erysimum, L. 
 
 cheiranthoides, L. 
 orientale , X. 
 
 Camelina, Crantz. 
 
 sativa, (X.), Crantz. 
 
 Brassica, L. 
 
 a/fta, (X.), Cray. 
 
 arvensis , (X.) (X. Sinapistrum, Boiss.) 
 
 campestris, X. 
 nigra, (X.), Koch. 
 
 Bap a, X. 
 
 Diplotaxis, DC. 
 
 tenuifolia, (X.), Z>(7. 
 
 Capsella, Mcench. 
 
 Bursa-pastoris , (X.), Mvench. 
 
 Senebiera, Poir. 
 
 Coronopus, (X.), Poir. 
 didyma, (X.), Pers. 
 
 Lepidium, 1. 
 
 campestre, (X.), X. Xr. 
 
 Praha, X. 
 intermedium, Cray, 
 ruderale, X. 
 
 Virginicum, L. 
 
 Thlaspi, L. 
 
 arvense, X. 
 
 Cakile, Gaertn. 
 
 Americana, Nutt, 
 liaphanus, L. 
 
 Baphanistrum, X. 
 sativus, X. 
 
 CAPPARIDEAA 
 
 Cleome, L. 
 
 p ungens, Willd. 
 

6 
 
 Polanisia, Raf. 
 
 dodecandra, (Michx.) (P. graveolens , Raf.) 
 
 Gynandropsis, DC. 
 
 pentaphylla , (X.). X>(7. 
 
 RESEDACEiE. 
 
 Reseda, L. 
 
 Luteola , X. 
 
 CISTINE^. 
 
 Helianthemum, Pers. 
 
 majus, (L.) ( /T! Canadense , Michx.) 
 
 corymbosum, (Poir.), Michx. 
 
 Hndsonia, L. 
 
 ericoides, L. 
 tomentosa, Nutt. 
 
 Lechea, L. 
 
 Leggettii, Britton & Hollick. (X. minor , Lam.) 
 var. intermedia, Britton & Hollick. 
 
 var. pulchella, Britton & Hollick. (X. pulchella, Raf. ?) 
 maritima, Leggett. (X. thymifolia , Pursh, not Michx.) 
 minor, L. (X. major , Michx.) 
 racemulosa, Lam. 
 tenuifolia, Michx. 
 
 thymifolia, Michx. (X. Novce-Ccesarece , Austin.) 
 
 VIOLARIEiE. 
 
 Yiola, L. 
 
 blanda, Willd. 
 
 var. amcena, (LeConte). ( V. amoena, LeConte.) 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 canina, L., var. Muhlenbergii, (Torr.), Gray, 
 lanceolata, L. 
 odorata , X. 
 palmata, L. 
 
 var. cordata, (Walt.) 
 
 var. cucullata, (Ait.), Gray. ( V. cucullata , Ait.) 
 pedata, L. 
 
 var. alba. Thurber. 
 var. bicolor, Pursh. 
 primulsefolia, L. 
 pubescens, Ait. 
 
 var. scabriuscula, T. & G. 
 
7 
 
 rostrata, Muhl. 
 rotundifolia, Michx. 
 sagittata, Ait. 
 striata, Ait. 
 
 tenella, Muhl. ( V. tricolor , X, var. arvensis , Z>(7.) 
 tricolor , X. 
 
 Solea, Cling. 
 
 concolor, (Forst.), Ging. 
 
 POLYGALE^E. 
 
 Polygala, L. 
 
 ambigua, Nutt, 
 brevifolia, Nutt, 
 cruciata, L. 
 fastigiata, Nutt, 
 incarnata, L. 
 lutea, L. 
 
 Nuttallii, T. & G. 
 paucifolia, Willd. 
 polygama, Walt, 
 sanguinea, L. 
 
 Senega, L. 
 verticillata, L. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLE^E. 
 
 Pianthus, L. 
 
 Armeria, X. 
 prolifer , X. 
 
 Tunica, Scop. 
 
 Saxifraga , (X.), Scop. 
 
 Gypsophila, L. 
 
 arvensis , X. 
 
 Saponaria, L. 
 
 officinalis , X. 
 
 Vaccaria, X. ( Vaccaria vulgaris , Host.) 
 
 Silene, L. 
 
 antirrhina , X. 
 
 Armeria , X. 
 
 Gallica , X., var. quhiquevulnera , (X.), Koch, 
 inflata , Smith, 
 noctiftora , X. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Michx. 
 
8 
 
 stellata, (L.), Ait. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 Lychnis, L. 
 
 dioica, X. 
 diurna, Sibth. 
 
 Githago , (X.), Lam. 
 vespertina , Sibth. 
 
 Cerastium, L. 
 
 arvense, L. 
 
 var. oblongifolium, (Torr.), Hollick & Britton, 
 nutans, Raf. 
 viscosum, L. 
 vulgatum, L. 
 
 Stellaria, L. 
 
 borealis, Bigel. 
 graminea , L. 
 
 Holostea , L. 
 longifolia, Muhl. 
 media (X.), Smith. 
 pub era, Michx. 
 uliginosa, Murr. 
 
 Arenaria, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt. (A. squarrosa , Michx.} 
 
 Groenlandica, (Betz.), Spreng. 
 lateriflora, L. 
 
 Micbauxii, (Fenzl), Hook. f. (A. stricta , Michx.) 
 peploides, L. 
 serpyllifolia , X. 
 
 Sagina, L. 
 
 apetala, L. 
 
 decumbens, (Ell.), T. & G. (S. subulata , Gray, not Wimmer.) 
 
 var. Smithii, (Gray), S. Wats, 
 procumbens, L. 
 
 Spergula, L. 
 
 arvensis , X. 
 
 Lepigonum, Fries. (Spergularia, Pers.) 
 medium, (L.), Fries. 
 
 var. macrocarpum, (Presl), S. Wats, 
 rubrum, (L.), Fries, 
 salinum, (Presl), Fries. 
 
0 
 
 P0RTULACE2E. 
 
 Portulaca, L. 
 
 grandiflora , Hook . 
 oleracea , X . 
 
 Talinum, Adans. 
 
 teretifolium, Pursh. 
 
 Claytonia, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Michx. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 ELATINEiE. 
 
 Elatine, L. 
 
 Americana, (Pursh), Arnott. 
 
 HYPERICINEiE. 
 
 Ascyrum, L. 
 
 Crux-Andrese, L. 
 stans, (Pers.), Michx. 
 
 Hypericum, L. 
 
 adpressum, Bart. 
 
 Ascyron, L. (H. pyramidatum , Ait.) 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 var. majus, Gray. 
 
 densiflorum, Pursh. {H. prolificum, L.,var. densijiorum , Gray.) 
 ellipticum, Hook. 
 
 gentianoides, (L.) (H. tSarothra, Michx.) 
 
 gymnanthum, Engelm. & Gray, 
 maculatum, Walt. {H. corymbosum , Muhl.) 
 mutilum, L. 
 
 perforatum , X. 
 
 petiolatum, Walt. {Elodes petiolata, Pursh.) 
 prolificum, L. 
 
 virgatum, Lam. {II. angulosum , Michx.) 
 
 Yirginicum, L. {E. Virginica , Nutt.) 
 
 MALVACEAE. 
 
 Althaea, L. 
 
 officinalis, X. 
 
 Malva, L. 
 
 Alcea , X. 
 moschata , X 
 rotundifolia , X. 
 sylvestris , X. 
 
10 
 
 Si da, L. 
 
 spinosa, X. 
 
 Abutilon, Gaertn. 
 
 Avicennce, Goertn. 
 
 Kosteletzkya, Presl. 
 
 Virginica, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Hibiscus, L. 
 
 Moscheutos, L. 
 
 Syriacus , X. 
 
 Trionum , X. 
 
 TILIACE^E. 
 
 Tilia, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 
 pubescens, Ait. ( T . Americana , X., var. pubescens. Gray.) 
 
 Linum, L. 
 
 striatum, Walt, 
 sulcatum, Kidd. 
 
 usitatissimum , X. 
 
 Yirginianum, L. 
 
 LINEAR 
 
 GEBANIACEiE. 
 
 Geranium, L. 
 
 Carolinianum, L. 
 columbinum , X. 
 dissectum, X. 
 maculatum, L. 
 pusillum, X. 
 
 Bober tianum, L. 
 
 Sibiricum , X. 
 
 Erodium, L’Her. 
 
 cicutarium , (X.), IS Her. 
 Floerkea, Willd. 
 
 proserpinacoides, Willd. 
 
 Oxalis, L. 
 
 Acetosella, L. 
 corniculata , L. 
 
 var. stricta, (L.), Sav. 
 violacea, L. 
 iiupatiens, L. 
 
 aurea, Mulil. (X pallida, Nutt.) 
 biflora, Walt. (X fulva , Nutt.) 
 
 
11 
 
 RUTACEiE. 
 
 Ruta, IT. 
 
 graveolens, L. 
 
 Xanthoxylum, L. 
 
 Americanum, Mill. 
 
 Ptelea, L. 
 
 trifoliata, L. 
 
 SIMARUBEJE. 
 
 Aihmtlms, Desf. 
 
 glandulosus , Desf. 
 
 ILICINE^. 
 
 Ilex, L. 
 
 dubia. (Don). (I. mollis , Gray.) 
 glabra, (L.), Gray, 
 laevigata, (Pursh), Gray, 
 monticola, Gray, 
 opaca, Ait. 
 
 verticillata, (L.), Gray, 
 var. tenuifolia, Torr. 
 
 Nem opanthes, Raf. 
 
 Canadensis, (Micbx.), DC. 
 
 CELASTRINE2E. 
 
 Euonymus, L. 
 
 Americanus, L. 
 
 var. obovatns, T. & G. 
 atropurpureus, Jacq. 
 
 Europeans , X. 
 
 Celastrus, L. 
 
 scandens, L. 
 
 RHAMNE^l. 
 
 Rhamnus, L. 
 
 alnifolia, L’Her. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt. ( Fraugula Caroliniana , Gray.) 
 cathartica , L. 
 
 Ceanothus, L. 
 
 Americanus, L. 
 
 AMPELIDEJE. 
 
 Vitis, L. 
 
 aestivalis, Michx. 
 cordifolia, Michx. 
 
 Labrusca, L. 
 
12 
 
 
 quinquefolia, (L.), Lam. ( Ampelopsis quinquefolia , Michx.) 
 riparia, Michx. ( V. cor difolia, Michx., var. riparia. Gray.) 
 
 SAPINDACE^E. 
 
 Acer, L. 
 
 dasycarpum, Ehrli. 
 
 Pennsylvanicum, L. 
 rubrum, L. 
 saccharinum, Wang. 
 
 var. nigrum, (Michx. f.), T. & G. 
 spicatum, Lam. 
 
 Negundo, Moench. 
 
 aceroides, Moench. 
 
 Staphylea, L. 
 
 trifolia, L. 
 
 ANACARDIACE2E. 
 
 Rhus, L. 
 
 aromatica, Ait. 
 copallina, L. 
 glabra, L. 
 
 Toxicodendron, L. 
 
 var. radicans, (L.), Torr. 
 typhina, L. 
 venenata, DC. 
 
 LEGUMINOSiE. 
 
 Baptisia, Yent. 
 
 tinctoria, (L.), R. Br. 
 
 Crotalaria, L. 
 
 sagittalis, L. 
 
 Lnpinus, L. 
 
 perennie, L. 
 
 Genista, L. 
 
 tinctoria , X. ( Near Peekskill f) 
 
 Cytisus, L. 
 
 scoparius , Pink, 
 tri floras, If Her. 
 
 Medicago, L. 
 
 lupulina, L. 
 maculata, Willd. 
 sativa , X. 
 
 Melilotus, Juss. 
 
 alba, Pam. 
 

 
 8FM 
 
 wammw mm . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 
 
 officinalis, (X.), Lam,. 
 
 Trifolium, L. 
 
 agrarium, L. 
 arvense, L. 
 
 Carolinianum . Michx. 
 hybridum, L. 
 incarnatum, L. 
 medium, L. 
 pratense, L 
 procumbens, L. 
 
 var. minus, Koch. 
 reflexura, L. 
 repens, X. 
 
 Amorpha, L. 
 
 fruticosa, X. 
 
 Tephrosia, Pers. 
 
 .Virginiana, (L.), Pers. 
 
 Robinia, L. 
 
 hispida, X. 
 
 P seudacacia, X. 
 viscosa, Vent. 
 
 Astragalus, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. ( Westchester County ?) 
 
 Coronilla, L. 
 
 varia, X. 
 
 iEschynomene, L. 
 
 Virginica, (L.) (^X. hispida, Willd.) 
 
 Stylosanthes, Swartz. 
 
 biflora, (L.) (S. elatior, Swartz.) 
 
 Desmodium, Desy. 
 
 Canadense, (L.), DC. 
 canescens, (L.), DC. 
 ciliare, (Muhl.), DC. 
 cuspidatum, (Muhl.), Hook. 
 
 Dillenii, Dari. 
 
 grandiflorum, (Walt.), DC. (X. acuminatum, DC.) 
 humifusum, (Muhl.), Beck, 
 laevigatum, (Nutt.), DC. 
 
 Marylandicum, (L.), Boott. 
 nudiflorum, (L.), DC. 
 paniculatum, (L.), DC. 
 pauciflorum, (Nutt.), DC. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 It f. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 
 
 rigidum, (Ell.), DC. 
 rotundifolium, (Michx.), DC. 
 strictum, (Parsh), DC. 
 viridiflorum, (L.), Beck. 
 
 Lespedeza, Michx. 
 
 angustifolia, (Parsh), Eli. (X. capitata , Michx., var. angusti- 
 folia , Pursh.) 
 
 frutescens, (Willd.), Ell. {L. capitata , Michx.) 
 hirta, (L.), Ell. 
 
 var. angustifolia, Maxim, 
 repens, (L.), Bart. 
 
 reticulata, (Muhl.), Pers. (X. violacea , Per s., var. sessiliflora, 
 Don.) 
 
 var. angustifolia, (Hook.), Maxim. (X. violacea , Pers., var. 
 angustifolia , T. & G.) 
 
 Stuvei, Nutt, 
 violacea, (L.), Pers. 
 
 Vicia, L. 
 
 Americana, Muhl. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt. 
 
 Cracca, L. 
 
 hirsuta , (X.), Koch, 
 sativa , X. 
 
 angustifolia , {Roth), Ser. 
 tetrasperma, (X.), Xoa's. 
 
 Lathy rus, L. 
 
 giaucifolius, Beck. (X. ochroleucus, Hook.) 
 maritimus, (L.), Bigel. 
 palustris, L. 
 
 var. myrtifolius, (Muhl.), Gray, 
 venosus, Muhl. 
 
 Clitoria, L. 
 
 Mariana, L. 
 
 Amphicarpaea, Ell. 
 
 comosa, (L.), Bidd. (A. monoica, Dll.) 
 
 Apios, Moench. 
 
 tuberosa, Moench. 
 
 Galactia, P. Br. 
 
 pilosa, Ell. (G. mollis , Gray , not Michx.) 
 regularis, (L.) {G. glabella , Michx.) 
 
 Phaseolus, L. 
 
 angulosus, (Muhl.), Ort. {P. divers if olius, Pers.) 
 

 
 
 
 
15 
 
 helvolus, L. 
 
 polystachyus, (L.) {P. perennis, Walt.) 
 
 Gleditschia, L. 
 
 triacanthos, L. 
 
 Cassia, L. 
 
 Chamsecrista, L. 
 
 Marylandica, L. 
 nictitans, L. 
 
 Cercis, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 ROSACEA. 
 
 Prunus, L. 
 
 Americana, Marsh. 
 
 Cerasus, L. 
 
 Mahaleb, L. 
 maritima, Wang. 
 
 var. pygmsea, (Willd.) 
 
 Pennsylvanica, L. f. 
 pumila, L. 
 serotina, Ehrh. 
 spinosa, L. 
 
 Virginian a, L. 
 
 Spiraea, L. 
 
 Aruncus, L. 
 
 betulifolia, Pall. (8. corymbosa , Raf.) 
 lobata , Jacq. 
 salicifolia, L. 
 tomentosa, L. 
 
 Neillia, Don. 
 
 opulifolia, (L.), Benth. A Hook. (Spiraea opulifolia , L .) 
 
 Gillenia, Moencli. 
 
 trifoliata, (L.), Moench. 
 
 Rubus, L. 
 
 Canadensis. L. 
 cuneifolius, Pursh. 
 
 Dalibarda, L. ( Dalibarda repens , L.) 
 
 hispidus, L. 
 
 laciniatus , Willd. 
 
 neglectus, Peck. 
 
 occidentalis, L. 
 
 odoratus, L. 
 
 strigosus, Michx. 
 

 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 IT ft.j* 
 
16 
 
 triflorus, Richards, 
 villosus, Ait. 
 
 var. frondosus, Torr. 
 var. humifusus, T. & G. 
 
 Geum, L. 
 
 album, Gmel. 
 
 var. flavum, Porter, 
 rivale, L. 
 strictum, Ait. 
 vernum , ( Raf '.), T. & G. 
 
 Yirginianum, L. 
 
 Waldsteinia, Willd. 
 
 fragarioides, (Michx.), Tratt. 
 
 Fragaria, L. 
 
 Indica , Andr. 
 vesca, L. 
 
 Yirginiana, Duchesne. 
 
 var. Illinoensis, (Prince), Gray. 
 
 Potentilla, L. 
 anserina, L. 
 argentea, L. 
 arguta, Pursh. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 var. simplex, (Michx.), T. A G 
 fruticosa, L. 
 
 Norvegica, L. 
 palustris, (L.), Scop. 
 recta , L. 
 
 tridentata, Soland. 
 
 Agrimonia, L. 
 
 Eupatoria, L. 
 parviflora, Ait. 
 
 Poterium, L. 
 
 Canadense, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Sanguisorba , L. 
 
 Rosa, L. 
 
 blanda, Ait. 
 canina , L. 
 
 Carolina, L. 
 
 humilis, Marsh. (J?. lucida, Gray , Manual , in x>art.) 
 var. lucida, (Ehrh.), Best. ( R . lucida , Ehrh ., in part.) 
 var. villosa, Best. (II. lucida, Gray, Manual, in part.) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 
 
 nitida, Willd. {11. lucida, Gray , Manual, in part.) 
 rubiginosa, L. {Includes 11. micrantha,, Smith.) 
 setigera, Michx. 
 
 Pyrus, L. 
 
 Americana, (Marsh.), DC. 
 angustifolia, Ait. 
 
 arbutifolia, (L. ), L.f. ( 1 arbutifolia , X. , var. erythrocarpa, Gray ) 
 var. melanocarpa, (Willd.), Hook, 
 coronaria, L. 
 
 Malus, X. 
 
 Crataegus, L. 
 
 coecinea, L. 
 
 var. macrantha, Dudley. 
 
 Crus-galli, L. 
 
 Oxyacantha , X. 
 parvifolia, Ait. 
 
 populifolia , Walt. {C. cordata, Ait.) 
 
 Pyracantha , (X.), Pers. 
 spathulata, Michx. {Near Philadelphia ?) 
 subvillosa, Schrad. 
 tomentosa, L. 
 
 var. punctata, (Jacq.\ Gray. 
 
 Amelanchier, Lindl. 
 
 Canadensis, <L.), Medikus (fide Steudel.) 
 
 var. obovalis, ' Michx.) {var. oblongifolia, T. & G.) 
 var. oligocarpa, (Michx. , T. & G. 
 var. rotundifolia, (Michx.), T. & G. 
 
 SAXIFRAGES. 
 
 Naxifraga, L. 
 
 micranthifolia, (Haw.) {S. erosa, Pursh.) 
 
 Pennsylvanica, L. 
 
 Yirginiensis, Michx. 
 
 var. pentadecandra, Sterns. 
 
 Tiarella, L. 
 
 cordifolia, L. 
 
 Mitella, L. 
 diphylla, L. 
 nuda, L. 
 
 Heuchera, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 
 Chrysosplenmm, L. 
 
 
18 
 
 Americanum, L. 
 
 Parnassia, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Michx. 
 
 Hydrangea, L. 
 
 arborescens, L. 
 
 Itea, L. 
 
 Yirginica, L. 
 
 Ribes, L. 
 
 Cynosbati, L. 
 floridum, L’Her. 
 lacustre, Poir. 
 
 oxyacanthoides, L. (71. hirtellum , Michx.) 
 prostratum, L’Her. 
 rotundifolium, Michx. 
 rubrurn , L. 
 
 CRASSUL A.CE2E. 
 
 Tillaea, L. 
 
 simplex, Nutt. 
 
 Sedum, L. 
 
 acre, L. 
 
 roseum, (L.), Scop. (/S. Rhodiola, DC.) 
 
 Telephium, L. 
 
 ternatum , (Hav>.), Michx. 
 
 Penthoruin, L. 
 
 sedoides, L. 
 
 DROSERACE.E. 
 
 J)rosera, L. 
 
 filiformis, Raf. 
 
 intermedia, Drev. & Hayne, var. Americana, DC. 
 
 folia , Michx., not L.) 
 rotundifolia, L. 
 
 HAMAMELIDE^E. 
 
 Hamamelis, L. 
 
 Yirginiaua, L. 
 
 Liquidambar, L. 
 
 styraciflua, L. 
 
 HALORAGEJE. 
 
 Proserpinaca, L. 
 palustris, L. 
 pectinata, Lam. 
 
 Hippuris, L. 
 
 vulgaris, L. 
 
 ( D . loncji- 
 
9 ? w: 
 
19 
 
 Myriophyllum, L. 
 
 ambiguum, Nutt. (M. ambiguum , Nutt., var. yiatans, T. cB G.) 
 var. capillaceum, T. & G. 
 
 var. humile, (Raf.) (M. ambiguum, Nutt., var. limosum, Torr.) 
 heteropkyllum, Michx. 
 
 pinnatum, (Walt.) M. scabratum, Michx.) 
 spicatum, L. 
 tenellum, Bigel. 
 verticillatum, L. 
 
 Callitriche, L. 
 
 Austini, Engelm. 
 heterophylla, Pursh. 
 
 var. linearis, (Pursh), Austin, 
 verna, L. 
 
 MELASTOMACEiE. 
 
 Rhexia, L. 
 
 Mariana, L. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 LYTHRARIEiE. 
 
 Ammannia, L. 
 
 coccinea, Rottb. 
 latifolia, L. 
 
 ramosior, L. (A. humilis , Michx.) 
 
 Cuphea, P. Br. 
 
 petiolata, (L.), Koehne. ( C . viscosissima, Jacq.) 
 
 Lythrum, L. 
 
 alatum, Pursh. 
 hyssopifolia, L. 
 lineare, L. 
 
 Salicaria , L. 
 
 Nesaea, Cominers. 
 
 verticillata, (L.), HBK. 
 
 ON AGR ARIEiE . 
 
 Epilobium, L. 
 
 coloratum, Muhl. 
 
 palustre, L., var. oliganthum, (Michx.) (var. lineare, Gray.) 
 spicatum, Lam. (E. angustifolium, Gray , Manual.) 
 strictum, Muhl. (E. molle, Torr.) 
 
 Jussiaea/L. 
 
 repens , X. 
 
 Ludwigia, L. 
 
 

 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 
 
 alternifolia, L. 
 hirtella, Raf. 
 linearis, Walter, 
 palustris, (L.), Ell. 
 polycarpa, Short & Peter, 
 sphferocarpa, Ell. 
 
 (E not her a, L. 
 
 biennis, L. 
 
 var. gran diflora, (Ait.), Lindl. 
 var. muricata, (L.), Lindl. 
 fruticosa, L. 
 
 var. hirsuta, Nutt. 
 
 var. humifusa, Allen. (CE. linearis , Gray , in part.) 
 var. linearis, (Micbx.), S. Wats. {(E. linearis , Gray , in part , 
 and CE. rip aria, Nutt.) 
 humifusa, Nutt. 
 
 pumila, L. {(E. chrysantha, Michx.) 
 sinuata, L. 
 
 var. minima, (Pursh), Nutt. 
 
 Gaura, L. 
 
 biennis, L. 
 
 Circaea, L. 
 
 alpina, L. 
 
 Lutetiana, L. 
 
 Trapa, L. 
 
 natans, X. 
 
 CUCURBITACEiE. 
 
 Echinocystis, T. & G. 
 
 echinata, (Muhl.) (E. lobata , T. cfc G.) 
 
 Sicyos, L. 
 
 angulatus , X. 
 
 CACTEiE. 
 
 Opuntia, Mill. 
 
 Rafinesquii, Engelm. 
 vulgaris, Haw. 
 
 FICOIDEiE. 
 
 Sesuvium, L. 
 
 maritimum, (Walt.) (/S. Portulacastrum , Gray , not X.) 
 
 Mollugo, L. 
 
 verticillata , X. 
 
 UMBELLIFERiE. 
 
 Hydrocotyle, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ilt UBfc-- 
 
 m ic 
 
 
 .mmw 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21 
 
 ambigua, (Gray.) ( II . umbellata , X., var. ambigua , Gray.) 
 interrupta, Muhl. 
 ranunculoides, L. f. 
 umbellata, L. 
 
 Eryngium, L. 
 
 Yirginianum, Lam. 
 yuccaefolium, Michx. 
 
 Sanicula, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 Marylandica, L. 
 
 Conium, L. 
 
 maculatum, X. 
 
 Bupleurum, L. 
 
 rotundi folium, X. 
 
 Cicuta, L. 
 
 bulbifera, L. 
 maculata, L. 
 
 Carum, L. 
 
 Carui , X. 
 
 Sium, L. 
 
 Carsonii, Durand. 
 
 cicutaefolium, Gmel. (8. linear e, Michx.) 
 
 Berula, Koch. 
 
 angustifolia, (L.), Koch. ( Sium angustifolium , X.) 
 
 iEgopodium, L. 
 
 Podagraria , X. 
 
 Pimpinella, L. 
 
 integerrima, (L.), Benth. & Hook. ( Zizia integerrima , DC.) 
 Saxifraga , X., var. major, Koch. 
 
 Cryptotamia, DC. 
 
 Canadensis, (L.), DC. 
 
 Osmorliiza, Raf. 
 
 Claytoni, (Michx.) ( O . brevis tylis, DC.) 
 longistylis, (Torr.), DC. 
 
 Chaeropliyllum, L. 
 
 procumbens, (L.), Crantz. 
 
 Anthriscus, Hoffm. 
 
 Cerefolium, (X.), Iloffnx. {Cheer op hyll urn sativum, Lam.) 
 
 Foeniculum, Adans. 
 
 vulgare, Gcertn. 
 
 Crantzia, Nutt. 
 
 lineata, (Michx.), Nutt. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 lift UDfe- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22 
 
 Discopleura, DC. 
 
 major, (Walt.) (D. capillacea, DC.) 
 
 iEthusa, L. 
 
 Cynapium, L. 
 
 Thaspium, L. 
 
 aureum, (L.), Nutt. 
 
 var. cordatum, (Walt.) ( T. trifoliatum , Gray.) 
 var. trifoliatum, (L.) (var. atropurpureum , Gray.) 
 barbinode, (Michx.), Nutt. 
 
 Zizia, Koch. 
 
 aurea, Koch. ( Thaspium aureum, var. apterum, Gray.) 
 cordata, Koch. (Thaspium trifoliatum , var. apterum, Gray.) 
 
 Conioselinum, Fiscli. 
 
 Chinense, (L.) (C. Canadense , T. G.) 
 
 Angelica, L. 
 
 atropurpurea, L. (Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffm.) 
 villosa, (Walt.) (Archangelica hirsuta, T. G.) 
 
 Pastinaca, L. 
 
 sativa, L. 
 
 Tiedemannia, DC. 
 
 rigida, (L.), Coulter & Rose. (Archemora rigida , DC.) 
 
 var. longifolia, (Pursh.) (A. rigida , var. ambigua, T. Ac G ) 
 
 Heracleum, L. 
 
 lanatum, Michx. 
 
 Daucus, L. 
 
 Carota , L. 
 
 ARALIACEiE 
 
 Aralia, L. 
 
 hispida, Vent, 
 nudicaulis, L. 
 
 var. prolifera, Apgar. 
 quinquefolia, (L.), Decne. & Planch, 
 racemosa, L. 
 spinosa, L. 
 
 trifolia, (L.), Decne. & Planch. 
 
 CORNACEJE. 
 
 Cornus, L. 
 
 alternifolia, L. f. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 candidissima, Marsh. (C. paniculata, D Her.) 
 circinata, L’Her. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
23 
 
 florida, L. 
 sericea, L. 
 stolonifera, Michx. 
 
 Nyssa, L. 
 
 sylvatica, Marsh. (JV. multiflora, Wang.) 
 
 CAPRIFOLIACE.E. 
 
 Sambucus, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 car. laciniata, Gray. 
 racemosa, L. (8. pubens, Michx.) 
 
 Viburnum, L. 
 
 acerifoiium, L. 
 dentatum, L. 
 lantanoides, Michx. 
 
 Lentago, L. 
 molle, Michx. 
 nudum, L. 
 
 var. cassinoides, (L.), T. & G. 
 
 Opulus, L. 
 prunifolium, L. 
 pubescens, Pursh. 
 
 Triosteum, L. 
 
 angustifolium, L. 
 perfoliatum, L. 
 
 Symphoricarpos, Juss. 
 
 racemosus, Michx. 
 vulgaris , Michx. 
 
 Linnaea, Gronov. 
 
 borealis, L. 
 
 Lonicera, L. 
 
 cserulea, L. 
 
 Caprifoliurn , X. (X. grata, Gray , Manual.) 
 
 ciliata, Muhl. 
 
 glauca, Hill. (X. pa, rvi flora, Lam.) 
 hirsuta, Eaton, 
 sempervirens, L. 
 
 Tatarica, X. 
 
 Dier villa, Tourn. 
 
 trihda, Moench. 
 
 RUBIACEiE. 
 
 Cephalanthus, L. 
 
 occidentalis, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 
 
 Oldenlandia, L. 
 
 uniflora, L. (O. glomerata, Michx.) 
 
 Houstonia, L. 
 
 cserulea, L. 
 purpurea, L. 
 
 var. longifolia, (Gsertn.), Gray. 
 
 Mitchella, L. 
 
 repens, L. 
 
 Diodia, L. 
 
 teres, Walt. 
 
 Yirginiana, L. 
 
 Galium, L. 
 
 Aparine, L. 
 asprellum, Michx. 
 boreale, L. 
 circsezans, Michx. 
 concinnum, T. & G. 
 lanceolatum, Torr. 
 latifolium, Michx. 
 
 Mollugo , L. 
 
 peregrinum, (Walt.) (G. hispidulum , Michx.) 
 pilosum, Ait. 
 
 var. puncticulosum, (Michx.), T. & G. 
 trifidum, L. 
 
 var. latifolium, Torr. 
 var. pusillum, Gray, 
 triflorum, Michx. 
 verum , L. 
 
 VALEKIANE2E. 
 
 Valeriana, L. 
 
 officinalis , X. 
 
 paucifiora, Michx. 
 sylvatica, Banks. 
 
 Valerianella, Tourn. ( Fedia , Gcertn.) 
 olitoria , Poll. 
 radiata, Dufr. 
 
 Woodsiana, (T. & G.), Walp. 
 var. patellaria, ^Sulliv.), Gray, 
 var umbilicata, (Sulliv.), Gray. 
 
 DIPSACE2E. 
 
 Dipsacus, L. 
 
 fullonum , L. 
 sylvestris, Mill. 
 

 
25 
 
 COMPOSITE. 
 
 Yernonia, Sell relb. 
 
 Noveboracensis, (L.), Willd. 
 
 Sclerolepis, Cass. 
 
 uniflora, (Walt.) (S. verticillata, Cass.) 
 
 Eupatorium, L. 
 
 ageratoides, L. f. 
 album, L. 
 
 var. subvenosum, Gray, 
 aromaticum, L. 
 
 var. melissoides, (Willd.), Gray, 
 coelestinum, L. (Conoclinium coelestinum, DC.) 
 foeniculoides , Walt. (It!, foeniculaceum , Willd.) 
 hyssopifolium, L. 
 leucolepis, T. & G. 
 perfoliatum, L. 
 
 var. truncatum, Gray, 
 purpureum, L. 
 
 var. maculatum, (L.), Dari, 
 resinosum, Torr. 
 rotundifolium, L. 
 
 var. pubescens, (Mulil.) (E. pubescens, Muhl.) 
 sessilifolium, L. 
 teucriifolium, Willd. 
 
 Mikania, Willd. 
 
 scandens, (L.), Willd. 
 
 Kulinia, L. 
 
 eupatorioides, L. 
 
 Liatris, Sclireb. 
 
 graminifolia, Pursh. 
 
 var. dubia, (Bart.), Gray, 
 scariosa, (L ), Willd. 
 spicata, (L.), Willd. 
 
 Clirysopsis, Nutt. 
 
 falcata, (Pursh), Ell. 
 
 Mariana, (L.), Nutt. 
 
 Bigelovia, DC. 
 
 nudata, (Michx.), DC. 
 
 var. virgata, (Nutt.), T. & G. 
 
 Solidago, L. 
 
 arguta, Ait. (tS. Muhlenbergii , T. db G-.) 
 bicolor, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26 
 
 var. hispida, (Muhl.) {var. concolor , T. & G.) 
 csesia, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 var. procera, (Ait.), T. & G. 
 var. scabra, (Muhl.), T. & G. 
 
 Caroliniana, (L.) {8. tenuifolia , Pursh). 
 
 Elliottii, T. & G. {S. elliptica, Gray , not Ait.) 
 juncea, Ait. ( 8 . arguta , T. & G., not Ait.) 
 lanceolata, L. 
 latifolia, L. 
 
 macrophylla, Pursh. (S. thyrsoidea , E. Meyer.) 
 neglecta, T. & G. 
 
 var. uniligulata, (Nutt.) (8. linoides , T. <jt G., not Soland.) 
 nemoralis, Ait. 
 odora, Ait. 
 
 var. inodora, Gray, 
 patula, Muhl. 
 pilosa, Walt, 
 puberula, Nutt, 
 rigida, L. 
 
 rugosa, Mill. (S. altissima, T. <jb G ., not L.) 
 sempervirens, L. 
 
 serotina, Ait. (8. gigantea , Gray , Manual.) 
 
 var. gigantea, (Ait.), Gray. (8. serotina. Gray, Manual.) 
 speciosa, Nutt. 
 
 var. angustata, T. & G. 
 squarrosa, Muhl. 
 
 stricta, Ait. (8. virgata, Michx.) 
 
 uliginosa, Nutt. (8. stricta, T. & G., not Ait.) 
 
 ulmifolia, Muhl. 
 
 Sericocarpus, Nees. 
 
 asteroides, (L.) ( S . conyzoides, Nees.) 
 
 linifolius, (L.) (8. solidagineus, Nees.) 
 
 Aster, L. 
 
 acuminatus, Michx. 
 amethystinus, Nutt, 
 concolor, L. 
 cordifolius, L. 
 
 var. lsevigatus, Porter. 
 
 cornifolius, Muhl. ( IJiplopappus cornifolius, Dari.) 
 corynibosus, Ait. 
 
 diffusus, Ait. (A. miser , T. <jb. G., not Ait., nor X.) 
 
27 
 
 dumosus, L. 
 
 var. coridifolius, (Michx.), T. & G. 
 ericoides, L. 
 
 gracilis, Nutt. (A. surculosus, Michx., var. gracilis , Gray.) 
 Isevis, L. 
 
 linariifolius, L. {Diplopappus linariifolius , Hook.) 
 macrophyllus, L. 
 multiflorus, Ait. 
 nemoralis, Ait. 
 
 Novm-Anglise, L. 
 var. roseus, (Desf.), DC. 
 
 Novi-Belgii, L. (A. longifolius , Gray , Manual.) 
 var. elodes, (T. & G.), Gray, 
 var. litoreus, Gray. 
 
 paniculatus, Lam. (A. simplex , Willd.) 
 patens, Ait. 
 
 var. phlogifolius, (Muhl.), Nees. 
 polyphyllus, Willd. 
 prenanthoides, Muhl. 
 puniceus, L. 
 radula, Ait. 
 sagittifolius, Willd. 
 salicifolius, Ait. 
 spectabilis, Ait. 
 
 subulatus, Michx. (A. linifolius , T. & G., not L.) 
 surculosus, Michx. 
 
 tenuifolius, L. (A. flexuosus , Nutt.) 
 
 Tradescanti, L. 
 
 umbellatus, Mill. ( Diplopappus umbellatus, T . & G.) 
 
 var. humilis, (Willd.) ( Diplopappus amygdalinus, T, & G.) 
 undulatus, L. 
 
 vimineus, Lam. (A. dVadescanti , T. <jb G., not L.) 
 
 Erigeron, L. 
 
 annuus, (L.), Pers. 
 bellidifolius, Muhl. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 Philadelphicus, L. 
 
 ramosus, (Walt.) ( E '. strigosus, Muhl.) 
 var. discoideus, (Robbins). 
 
 Baccharis, L. 
 
 halimifolia, L. 
 
 Pluchea, Cass. 
 
 camphorata, (L.), DC. ( Includes P. foetida , PC.) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
28 
 
 f ootid a, (L.) ( P . bifrons , DC.) 
 
 Fllago, L. 
 
 Germanica , L. 
 
 Antennaria, Gaertn. 
 
 plantaginifolia, (L.), Hook. 
 
 Anaphalis, DC. 
 
 margaritacea. (L.), Benth. & Hook. ( Antennaria margaritacea, 
 D. Dr.) 
 
 Gnaphalium, L. 
 
 decurrens, Ives. 
 
 obtusifolium, L. (G. polycephalum, Michx.) 
 purpureum, L. 
 uliginosum, L. 
 
 Inula, L. 
 
 Helenium, L. 
 
 Polymnia, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 XJvedalia, L. 
 
 Silphium, L. 
 
 perfoliatum, L. 
 
 Iya, L. 
 
 frutescens, L. 
 
 Ambrosia, L. 
 
 artemisisefolia, L. 
 trifida, L. 
 
 var. integrifolia, (Muhl.), T. & G. 
 
 Xanthium, L. 
 
 Canadense, Mill., var. ecliiuatum, (Murr.), Gray. (AT. struma- 
 
 rium, D., var. echinatum, Gray.) 
 spinosum , L. 
 strumarium , Z. 
 
 Heliopsis, Pers. 
 
 helianthoides, (L.) (H. Icevis, Ders.) 
 
 Eclipta, L. 
 
 alba, (Z.), Hassk. (E. procumbens, Michx ) 
 
 Rudbeckia, L. 
 fulgida, Ait. 
 hirta , Z. 
 laciniata, L. 
 speciosa, Wender. 
 triloba, L. 
 
iifv : - 
 
 
 
29 
 
 Helianthus, L. 
 
 angustifolius, L. 
 annuus , X. 
 decapetalus, L. 
 divaricatus, L. 
 giganteus, L. 
 
 var. ambiguus, T. & G. 
 strumosus, L. 
 trackeliifolius, Willd. 
 
 tuberosus , X. ( Includes II. doronicoides, T. & G., not Lam. 
 
 Actinomeris, Nutt. 
 
 alternifolia, (L.), DC. (A. squarrosa , Nutt.) 
 
 Coreopsis, L. 
 
 bidentoides, Nutt, 
 discoidea, T. & G. 
 lanceolata, L. 
 rosea, Nutt, 
 trichosperma, Michx. 
 liidens, L. 
 
 Beckii, Torr. 
 bipinnata, L. 
 cernua, L. 
 connata, Muhl. 
 frondosa, L. 
 
 lsevis, (L.) ( B . chrysanthemoides, Michx.) 
 
 Galitisoga, Ruiz & Pay. 
 
 parvi flora , Cav. 
 
 Helenium, L. 
 autumnale, L. 
 parviflorum, Nutt. 
 
 Achillea, L. 
 
 Millefolium , L. 
 
 Anthemis, L. 
 
 arvensis, L. 
 
 Cotula , L. ( Maruta Cotula , DC.) 
 nobilis , X. 
 tinctoria , L. 
 
 Chrysanthemum, L. 
 
 Leucanthemum , L. ( Leucanthemum vulgare , Lam.) 
 Parthenium , (L.), Pers. 
 
 Matricaria, L. 
 
 Chamomilla , X. 
 inodora , X. 
 

 
 
 
 
 *f ir 
 r-, iijffi'- 
 
 
 
 
30 
 
 Tanacetum, L. 
 
 vulgare, L. 
 
 Artemisia, L. 
 
 Absinthium , L. 
 biennis , 
 
 caudata, Michx. 
 vulgaris, L. 
 
 Tussilago, L. 
 
 Farfara , L. 
 
 Petasites, Gsertn. 
 
 vulgaris, Desf. 
 
 Arnica, L. 
 
 acaulis, (Walt.) (A. nudicaulis, Nutt.) 
 
 Erechtites, Rat*. 
 
 hieracifolia, (L.), Raf. 
 
 Senecio, L. 
 
 aureus, L. 
 
 var. Balsamit*, (Muhl.), T. & G. 
 var. obovatus, (Muhl.), T. & G. 
 
 Cineraria, DC. 
 tomentosus, Michx. 
 vulgaris, L. 
 
 Cacalia, L. 
 
 atriplieifolia, L. 
 reniformis, Muhl. 
 suaveolens, L. 
 
 Arctium, L. 
 
 Lappa, L. {Lappa officinalis, All.) 
 var. tomentosum , { Pers .), Cray. 
 
 Carduus, L. 
 
 nutans, L. 
 
 Cnicus, L. ( Cirsium , DC.) 
 altissimus, (L.), Willd. 
 
 var. discolor, (Muhl.), Gray. ((7. discolor , Spreng.) 
 arvensis, { L .), Hoffm. 
 lanceolatus, (L.), Hoffm. 
 muticus, (Michx.), Pursh. 
 
 odoratus, (Muhl.) {Cirsium pumilum, Spreng.) 
 spinosissimus, (Walt.), Dari. {C. horridulum, Michx.) 
 Onopordon, L. 
 
 acanthium, L. 
 
 Centaurea, L. 
 
 Calcitrapa , L. 
 

 
31 
 
 Cyanus , X. 
 nigra , X. 
 
 Cichorium, L. 
 
 Intybus , X. 
 
 Krigia, Sclireb. 
 
 amplexicaulis, (Michx.), Nutt. ( Cynthia Virqinica, Don,) 
 Yirginica, (L.), Willd. 
 
 Lapsana, L. 
 
 communis , X. 
 
 Crepis, L. 
 biennis , X. 
 virens , X. 
 tectorum , X. 
 
 Hieracium, L. 
 
 aurantiacum , X. 
 
 Canadense, Michx. 
 
 Gronovii, L. 
 
 Marianum, Willd. 
 murorum , X. 
 paniculatum, L. 
 scabrum, Michx. 
 venosum, L. 
 
 Leontodon, L. 
 
 autumnale , X. 
 
 Taraxacum, Hall. 
 
 officinale , TFe&. (X. Dens-leonis , Desf.) 
 
 Lactuca, L. (. Includes Mulgedium , Cass.) 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 Floridana, (L.), Gsertn. 
 
 hirsuta, Muhl. (X. Canadensis, X., war. sanguinea, T. 6r.) 
 integrifolia, Bigel. (X. Canadensis , X., mr. integrifolia, Gray.) 
 leucophsea, (Willd.), Gray. (ifcf. leucophceum , X>(7.) 
 
 Scariola , X. 
 
 villosa, (Jacq.) (iff. acuminatum , X(7.) 
 
 Prenantlies, L. {Includes Nabalus , Cass.) 
 alba, L. 
 altissima, L. 
 
 autumnalis, Walt. (JV. virgatus , X>6 7 .) 
 racemosa, Michx. 
 
 var. pinnatifida, Gray, 
 serpentaria, Pursh. (W. Fraseri , DC.) 
 
 Sonchus, L. 
 arvensis , X. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 2 
 
 asper , VUl. 
 oleraceus , X. 
 
 Tragopogon, L. 
 
 porrifolius , X. 
 pratensis , X. 
 
 CAMPANULACEiE. 
 
 Lobelia, L. 
 
 Canbyi, Gray, 
 cardinalis, L. 
 
 Dortmanna, L. 
 inflata, L. 
 
 Kalmii, L. 
 
 Nuttallii, Rcem. & Schult. 
 puberula, Michx. 
 spicata, Lam. 
 syphilitica, L. 
 
 Campanula, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 aparinoides, Pursh. 
 glomerata , X. 
 rapunculoides , X. 
 rotundifolia, L. 
 
 Specularia, Heist. 
 
 perfoliata, (L.), A. DC. 
 
 YACCINIACE^. 
 
 Gaylussacia, HBK. 
 
 dumosa, (Andr.), T. & G. 
 
 var. hirtella, (Ait.), Gray, 
 frondosa, (L.), T. & G. 
 resinosa, (Ait.), T. & G. 
 
 Yaccinium, L. 
 
 Canadense, Kalm. 
 corymbosum, L. 
 
 var. amoenum, (Ait.), Gray. 
 
 var. disocarpum, (Bigel.) {var. atrococcum , Gray.) 
 Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 
 stamineum, L. 
 vacillans, Soland. 
 
 Oxycoccus, Pers. 
 
 macrocarpus, Pers. ( V. macrocarpon , Ait.) 
 palustris, Pers. ( V. Oxycoccus , X.) 
 
 Chiogenes, Salisb. 
 
 hispidula, (L.), T. & G. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33 
 
 ERICACEAE. 
 
 Arctostapliylos, Adans. 
 
 Uva-ursi, (L.), Spreng. 
 
 Gaultheria, L. 
 
 procumbens, L. 
 
 Cassandra, Don. 
 
 calyculata, (L.), Don. 
 
 Leucothoe, Don. 
 
 racemosa, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Epigaea, L. 
 
 repens, L. 
 
 Andromeda, L. 
 
 ligustrina, Muhl. 
 
 Mariana, L. 
 
 Polifolia, L. 
 
 Kalmia, L. 
 
 angustifolia, L. 
 glauca, Ait. 
 latifolia, L. 
 
 Leiophyllum, Pers. 
 
 buxifolium, (Berg.), Ell. 
 
 Ledum, L. 
 
 latifolium, Ait. 
 
 Rhododendron, L. 
 
 Canadense, (L.) {Rhodora Canadensis , X.) 
 maximum, L. 
 
 nudiflorum, (L.), Torr. (. Azalea nudifiora , X.) 
 viscosum, (L.), Torr. (A. viscosa , X.) 
 var. glaucum, (Lam.), Gray, 
 var. nitidum, (Pursh), Gray. 
 
 Pyrola, L. 
 
 chlorantha, Sw. 
 elliptica, Nutt, 
 oxypetala, Austin, 
 rotundifolia, L. 
 
 var. asarifolia, (Michx.), Hook, 
 secunda, L. 
 
 Moneses, Salisb. 
 
 uniflora, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Chimaphila, Pursh. 
 
 maculata, (L.), Pursh. 
 umbellata, (L.), Nutt. 
 
Clethra, L. 
 
 alnifolia, L. 
 
 MONOTROPE2E. 
 
 Pterospora, Nutt. 
 
 andromedea, Nutt. 
 
 Monotropa, L. 
 
 uniflora, L. 
 
 Hypopitys, L. 
 
 Monotropa, Crantz. (M. Hypopitys , X.) 
 
 DIAPENSIACEiE. 
 
 Pyxidanthera, Michx. 
 
 barbulata, Michx. 
 
 PLUMBAGINEiE. 
 
 Statice, L. 
 
 Limonium, L., var. Caroliniana, Gray. 
 
 PRIMULACEiE. 
 
 Hottonia, L. 
 
 inflata, Ell. 
 
 Lysimachia, L. 
 
 nummularia , X. 
 
 quadrifolia, L. 
 
 terrestris, (L.) (X. stricta , Ait.) 
 
 thyrsiflora, L. 
 vulgaris , X. 
 
 Steironema, Raf. 
 
 ciliatum, (L.), Raf. ( Lysimachia ciliata , X.) 
 lanceolatum, (Walt.), Gray. (X. lanceolata , Walt.) 
 var. angustifolium, (Lam.), Gray, 
 var. hybridum, (Michx.), Gray. 
 
 Trientalis, L. 
 
 Americana, (Pers.), Pursh. 
 
 Anagallis, L. 
 
 arvensis , X. 
 
 Samolus, L. 
 
 Valerandi , X. 
 
 var. floribundus, (HBK.) (var. Americanus, Gray.) 
 EBENACEiE. 
 
 Diospyros, L. 
 
 Yirginiana, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
35 
 
 OLEACEiE. 
 
 Fraxinus, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 pubescens, Lam. 
 sambucifolia, Lam. 
 viridis, Michx. f. 
 
 Chionanthus, L. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 Ligustrum, L. 
 
 vulgare , L. 
 
 APOCYNACE^l. 
 
 Yinca, L. 
 
 minor , L. 
 
 Apocynum, L. 
 
 androssemifolium, L. 
 cannabinum, L. 
 
 var. hypericifolium, (Ait.), Gray, 
 var. pubescens, (E. Br.), DC. 
 
 ASCLEPIADE^. 
 
 Acerates, Ell. 
 
 viridiflora, (Eaf.), Ell. 
 
 var. lanceolata, (Ives), Gray. 
 
 Asclepias, L. 
 
 exaltata, (L.), Muhl. (A. phytolaccoides , Pursh.) 
 incar nata, L. 
 
 var. pulchra, (Ehrh.), Pers. 
 lanceolata, Walt. {A. pauper cula r Michx.) 
 obtusifolia, Michx. 
 purpurascens, L. 
 quadrifolia, L. 
 rubra, L. 
 
 Syriaca, L. (A. Cornuti , Decne.) 
 tuberosa, L. 
 variegata, L. 
 verticillata, L. 
 
 Yincetoxicum, Moench. 
 nigrum , (X.), Moench. 
 
 Gonolobus, Michx. 
 
 lsevis, Michx., var. macrophyllus, (Michx.), Gray, 
 obliquus, (Jacq.), E. Br. 
 

 
36 
 
 LOGANIACEiE. 
 
 Polypremum, L. 
 
 procumbens , L. 
 
 GENTIANE2E. 
 
 Erythraea, Rich. 
 
 ramosissima , Xers. ( Includes var. pulchella , Griseb.) 
 
 Sabbatia, Adans. 
 
 angularis, (L.), Pursh. 
 
 dodecandra, (L.) (S. chloroides , Pursh.) 
 
 gracilis, (Michx.), Salisb. 
 
 lanceolata, (Walt.), T. & G. 
 
 stellaris, Pursh. 
 
 Gentiana, L. 
 
 alba, Muhl. 
 
 Andrewsii, Griseb. 
 angustifolia, Michx. 
 crinita, Froel. 
 
 linearis, Froel. (G. Saponaria , L., var. linearis , Gray.) 
 quinquefolia, L. (<•?. quinque flora, Lam.) 
 
 Saponaria, L. 
 
 villosa, L. ( G. ochroleuca, Froel.) 
 
 Halenia, Borkh. 
 
 deflexa, (Smith), Griseb. 
 
 Obolaria, L. 
 
 Yirginica, L. 
 
 Bartonia, Muhl. 
 
 Yirginica, (L.) ( B . tenella , Muhl.) 
 
 Menyanthes, L. 
 
 trifoliata, L. 
 
 Limnanthemum, Gmel. 
 
 lacunosum, (Yent.), Griseb. 
 
 POLEMONIACEiE. 
 
 Phlox, L. 
 
 divaricata, L. 
 maculata, L. 
 paniculata , L. 
 pilosa, L. 
 
 -reptans, Michx. 
 subulata, L. 
 
 Polemonium, L. 
 caeruleum, L. 
 reptans, L. 
 

 
 
 *¥ rr 
 
 
37 
 
 HYDROPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 Hydrophyllum, L. 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 
 Virginicum, L. 
 
 Ellisia, L. 
 
 Nyctelea, L. (. Includes E. ambigua, Nutt.) 
 
 BORRAGINE2E. 
 
 Heliotropium, L. 
 
 Europceum , L. 
 
 Cynoglossum, L. 
 
 officinale , L. 
 
 Virginicum, L. 
 
 Echinospermum, Sw. 
 
 Lappula , (X.), Lehm. 
 
 Virginianum, (L.) ( Cynoglossum Morrisoni , EC.) 
 
 Asperugo, L. 
 
 procumbens , X. 
 
 Symphytum, L. 
 
 officinale , X. 
 
 Lycopsis, L. 
 
 arvensis , X. 
 
 Mertensia, Roth. 
 
 Virginica, (L.), DC. 
 
 Myosotis, L. 
 
 arvensis , (X.), Willd. 
 
 laxa, Lehm. (Af. palustris, Relh ., war. Gray.) 
 
 palustris , Relh. 
 
 Virginica, (L.) (A/, verna , Nutt.) 
 
 Onosmodium, Michx. 
 
 Virginianum, (L.), DC. 
 
 Lithospermum, L. 
 
 arvense , X. 
 
 canescens, (Michx.), Lehm. 
 latifolium, Michx. 
 officinale , X. 
 
 Echium, L. 
 
 vulgare , X. 
 
 CON V OL VUL ACEiE. 
 
 Ipomoea, L. 
 
 coccinea , X. 
 
 iVi7, (X.), Pursh , Roth. 
 
38 
 
 pandurata, (L.), Meyer. 
 purpurea, (I/.'}, Lam. 
 
 Convolvulus, L. 
 
 arvensis , L. 
 
 sepium, L. ( Calystegia sepium, R. Br., in part.) 
 
 var. Americauus, Sim3. ( Calys . sepium , R. Br., in part.) 
 var. repens, (L.), Gray. {var. pubescens, Gray.) 
 spithamseus, L. {Calys. spithamcea, Pursh.) 
 
 Breweria, R. Br. 
 
 Pickeringii, (Torr.), Gray. {Bonamia Pickeringii, Gray.) 
 
 Cuscuta, L. 
 
 arvensis, Beyrich. 
 
 Cephalanthi, Engelm. {C. tenui flora, Eng elm.). 
 compacta, Juss. 
 
 Coryli, Engelm. {C. inflexa, Engelm.) 
 
 Epilinum, T Veihe. 
 
 Gronovii, Willd. 
 
 SOLANACEiE. 
 
 Solanum, L. 
 
 Carolinense, L. 
 
 Dulcamara, L. 
 nigrum, L. 
 rostratum, Dun. 
 
 Physalis, L. 
 
 angulata, L. 
 
 Philadelphica, Lam. 
 pubescens, L. 
 
 Yirginiana, Mill. {P. viscosa, Gray, not L.) 
 
 Nicandra, Adans. 
 
 physaloides , {L.\ Goertn. 
 
 Lycium, L. 
 
 vulgar e, {Ait.), Dun. 
 
 Datura, L. 
 
 Stramonium, L. 
 
 Tatula, L. 
 
 Hyoscyamus, L. 
 
 niger, L. 
 
 Nicotiana, L. 
 
 rustica , L. 
 
 Petunia, L. 
 
 axillaris , {Lam.) {P. nyctagini flora, Juss.) 
 
 

 
 
 
 . 
 
 5 'tH'? 
 
 n, ~ ri 
 
 
 
 
 
39 
 
 SCROPHULARINEiE. 
 
 Yerbascum, L. 
 
 Blattaria , L. 
 
 Lychnitis , X. 
 
 Thapsus , X. 
 
 Linaria, Juss. 
 
 Canadensis, (L.), Dumont. 
 
 JElatine, Mill, 
 genisti folia, (X.), Mill, 
 vulgaris , Mill. 
 
 Scrophularia, L. 
 
 nodosa, L., var. Marylandica, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Chelone, L. 
 
 glabra, L. 
 
 Pentstemon, Mitch. 
 
 hirsutus, (L.), Willd. (X. pubescens , Soland.) 
 lsevigatus, Soland., var. Digitalis, (Nutt.), Gray. (X. Digitalis , 
 Nutt.) 
 
 Mimulus, L. 
 
 alatus, Soland. 
 moschatus , Dougl. 
 ringens, L. 
 
 Conobea, Aubl. 
 
 multijida, ( Michx .), Benth. 
 
 Herpestis, Gaertn, f. 
 
 Caroliniana, (Walt.) (XT. amplexicaulis, Pursh.) ( Southern 
 N. J. f) 
 
 Gratiola, L. 
 
 aurea, Muhl. 
 pilosa, Michx. 
 sphserocarpa, Ell. 
 
 Yirginiana, L. 
 
 Ilysanthes, Raf. 
 
 gratioloides, (L.), Benth. 
 
 Micranthemum, Michx. 
 
 Nuttallii, Gray. 
 
 Limosella, L. 
 
 aquatica, L., var. tenuifolia, (Nutt.), Hoffm. 
 
 Yeronica, L. 
 
 agrestis, X. 
 
 Americana, Schwein. 
 
 Anagallis, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 r <v » 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40 
 
 var. latifolia, Britton. 
 
 arvensis , L. 
 
 Byzantina , ( Sibth . & Smith.) ( V. Buxbaumii , Ten.) 
 
 Chamcedrys , L. 
 
 hedercefolia, L. 
 
 officinalis, L. 
 
 peregrina, L. 
 
 scutellata, L. 
 
 serpyllifolia, L. 
 
 Yirginica, L. 
 
 Buchnera, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 
 Gerardia, L. 
 
 aurieulata , Michx. 
 flava, L. 
 maritima, Raf. 
 pedicularia, L. 
 purpurea, L. 
 
 var. paupercula, Gray, 
 tenuifolia, Yahl. 
 
 Yirginica, (L.) (G. quercifolia , Bursh.) 
 
 Castilleja, L. f. 
 
 coccinea, (L.), Spreng. 
 
 Schwalbea, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 
 Pedicularis, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 lanceolata, Michx. 
 
 Bhinanthus, L. 
 
 Crista-galli, L. 
 
 Melampyrum, L. 
 
 lineare, Lam. (M. Americanum, Michx.) 
 
 OROBANCHACEdE. 
 
 AphyUon, Mitch. 
 
 uniflorum, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Orobanche, L. 
 
 minor , L. 
 
 Conopholis, Wallr. 
 
 Americana, (L. f.), Wallr. 
 
 Epiphegus, Nutt. 
 
 Yirginiana, (L.), Bart, 
 var. Rauana, Austin. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ifc 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
41 
 
 LENTIBTJLARIEiE. 
 
 Utrieularia, L. 
 
 clandestina, Nutt, 
 cornuta, Michx. 
 
 fibrosa, Walt. {U. striata , Le Conte.) 
 
 gibba, L. 
 
 inflata, Walt. 
 
 intermedia, Hayne. 
 
 minor, L. 
 
 purpurea, Walt. 
 
 resupinata, B. D. Greene. 
 
 subulata, L. 
 
 var. cleistogama, Gray. 
 
 vulgaris, L. ( Includes var. Americana , Gray.) 
 
 BIGN ONI ACE 2E. 
 
 Catalpa, Juss. 
 
 bignonioides, Walt. (Native within the circle ?) 
 
 Teconia, Juss. 
 
 radicans, (L.), Juss. 
 
 PEDALINEiE. 
 
 Marty nia, L. 
 
 proboscidea , Glox. 
 
 ACANTHACEiE. 
 
 Ruellia, L. 
 
 ciliosa, Pursh, var. hybrida, (Pursh), Gray. 
 
 Diantliera, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 
 VERBENACEiE. 
 
 Phryma, L. 
 
 Leptostachya, L. 
 
 Lippia, L. 
 
 lanceolata, Michx. 
 
 Verbena, L. 
 
 angustifolia, Michx. 
 bracteosa , Michx. 
 hastata, L. 
 officinalis , L. 
 stricta, Vent. 
 urticsefolia, L. 
 
 LABIATiE. 
 
 Collinsonia, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 
42 
 
 Mentha, L. 
 
 aquatica , X. ( Includes var. glabrata, Benth.) 
 
 var. crispa, (X.), Benth. 
 arvensis, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 var. borealis, (Michx.), Wood. (var. glabrata, Benth.) 
 piperita, L. 
 
 var. subhirsuta, Benth. 
 rotundifolia, L. 
 sativa , L. 
 sylvestris, L. 
 
 var. alopecuroides, (Hull), Baker, 
 viridis, L. 
 
 Lycopus, L. 
 
 Europaeus, L. 
 
 rubellus, Mcench. (L. Europaeus, L.,var. integrifolius, Gray.) 
 sessilifolius, Gray. (L. Europaeus , L., var. sessilifolius, Gray.) 
 sinuatus, Ell. (L. Europaeus , X., var. sinuatus , Gray.) 
 Virginicus, L. 
 
 Cunila, L. 
 
 Mariana, L. 
 
 Pycnanthemum, Miclix. 
 
 aristatum, Michx. 
 clinopodioides, T. & G. 
 
 flexuosum, (Walt.) (F. linifolium, Fursh.) 
 incanum, (L.), Michx. 
 muticum, (Michx.), Pers. 
 
 Torreyi, Benth. 
 
 Yirginicum, (L.) (F. lanceolatum, Fursh.) 
 
 Origanum, L. 
 
 vulgare, X. 
 
 Thymus, L. 
 
 Serpyllum, X. 
 
 Satureia, L. 
 
 liortensis , X. 
 
 Hyssopus, L. 
 
 officinalis, X. 
 
 Hedeoma, Pers. 
 
 pulegioides, (L.), Pers. 
 
 Calamintha, Mcench. 
 
 Clinopodinm, Benth. 
 
 Melissa, L. 
 
 officinalis , X. 
 
43 
 
 Salvia, L. 
 
 lyrata, L. 
 
 Monarda, L. 
 didyma, L. 
 fistulosa, L. 
 punctata, L. 
 
 Blephilia, Raf. 
 ciliata, (L.), Raf. 
 hirsuta, (Pursh), Benth. 
 
 Lophanthus, Benth. 
 
 nepetoides, (L.), Benth. 
 scrophulariaefolius, (Willd.), Benth. 
 
 Nepeta, L. 
 
 Cataria, X. 
 
 hederacea , (X.) (N. Glechoma , Benth.) 
 
 Scutellaria, L. 
 
 cordifolia, Muhl. (8. versicolor , Nutt.) 
 
 galericulata, L. 
 
 integrifolia, L. 
 
 lateriflora, L. 
 
 nervosa, Pursh. 
 
 parvula, Michx. 
 
 pilosa, Michx. 
 
 var. ovalifolia, (Pers.), Benth. 
 serrata, Andr. 
 
 Brunella, L. 
 
 vulgaris , L. 
 
 Pliysostegia, Benth. 
 
 Virginiana , (X.), Bentli. 
 
 Marruhium, L. 
 
 vulgare , X. 
 
 Stachys, L. 
 arvensis , X. 
 
 aspera, Michx. (8. palustris, X, var. aspera , Gray.) 
 cordata, Bidd. (8. palustris, X, var. cor data, Gray.) 
 hyssopifolia, Michx. 
 palustris, L. 
 
 Galeopsis, L. 
 
 Ladanum , X. 
 
 Tetrahit , X 
 Leonurus, L. 
 
 Cardiaca, X. 
 
44 
 
 Marrubiastrum , X. 
 
 Sibiricus , X. 
 
 Lamium, L. 
 
 album , X. 
 amplexicaule, X. 
 purpureum , X. 
 
 Ballota, L. 
 
 nigra , X. 
 
 Trieliostema, L. 
 dichotomum, L. 
 lineare, Nutt. 
 
 Isanthus, Michx. 
 
 brachiatus, (L.) (X cceruleus , Michx.') 
 
 Teucrium, L. 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 occidental, Gray. 
 
 Ajuga, L. 
 
 reptans , X. 
 
 PLANTAGINEiE. 
 
 Plantago, X. 
 
 cordata, Lam. 
 
 decipiens, Barn. (X. maritima , X, var. juncoides, Gray.) 
 
 elongata, Pursh. (X. pusilla , Nutt.) 
 
 heteropkylla, Nutt. 
 
 lanceolata , X. 
 
 major , X. 
 
 var. minima, (DC.), Decne 
 Patagonica , Jacq ., var. aristata, (Michx.), Gray. 
 
 Bugelii, Decne. (X. Kamtschatica, Gray, not Cham.) 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 ILLECEBRACEiE. 
 
 Any cilia, Rich. 
 
 Canadensis, (L.) (^4. capillacea , PC.) 
 
 dichotoma, Michx. 
 
 Scleranthus, L. 
 
 annuus, X. 
 
 AMARANTACEiE. 
 
 Amarantus, L. 
 
 albus, X. 
 
 Blitam, X. 
 
 chlorostachys, Willd. (A. retroflexus , X, var. chlorostachys, 
 Gray.) 
 
 hybridus, X (^4. retroflexus, X., var. hybridus , Gray.) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45 
 
 hypochondriacus , X. 
 paniculatus , X. 
 pumilus, Raf. 
 retroflexus , X. 
 spinosus , X. 
 viridis , X. 
 
 Acnida, L. 
 
 cannabina, L. 
 
 tuberculata, Moq. ( Montelia tamariscina , Gray, in part.) 
 CHENOPODIACEiE. 
 
 Cycloloma, Moq. 
 
 platyphyllum, ( Michx .), 
 
 Chenopodium, L. 
 
 album, X. 
 ambrosioides, X. 
 
 wr. anthelminticum, (X.), Gray. 
 
 Bonus-Henricus, Ij. ( Blitum Bonus-Henricus , Reichenb.) 
 Boscianum, Moq. (C. album, L., var. Boscianum, Gray.) 
 Botrys, X. 
 
 capitatum, (X.), X TFhtfs. (X. capitatum, X.) 
 glaucum, X. 
 liybridum, X. 
 
 leptophyllum, Nutt. 
 
 murale, X. 
 
 rubrum, L. (X. maritimum, Nutt.) 
 urbicum, X. 
 
 wcer. rhombifolium, (Muhl.), Moq. 
 
 Roubieya, Moq. 
 
 multifida , (X.), Moq. (C. multifidum, X.) 
 
 Atriplex, L. 
 
 arenaria, Nutt. 
 
 patula, L., var. hastata, (L.), Gray. 
 
 var. littoralis, (L.), Gray. 
 rosea, X. 
 
 Salicornia, L. 
 
 ambigua, Michx. (X fruticosa, I., var. ambigua, Gray.) 
 herbacea, L. 
 
 mucronata, Bigel. (X Virginica, Gray, not X.) 
 
 Suaeda, Forsk. 
 
 linearis, (Ell.), Torr., var. salsa, (Michx.) (X maritima, Gray, 
 not X.) 
 

 
 * If 
 
 
 
 
 
46 
 
 Salsola, L. 
 
 Kali, L. 
 
 PHYTOLACCACEiE. 
 
 Phytolacca, L. 
 
 decandra, L. 
 
 POLYGONACE.ZE. 
 
 Polygonum, L. 
 
 acre, HBK. 
 
 amphibium, L. ( Includes var. aquaticum , 1 Villd.) 
 arifolium, L. 
 articulatum, L. 
 aviculare, L. 
 
 Careyi, Olney. 
 cilinode, Michx. 
 
 Convolvulus , X. 
 
 cuspidatum , Sieb. cfb Zucc. 
 
 dumetorum, L., var. scandens, (L.), Gray. 
 
 erectum, L. (P. aviculare , X., var. erectum , Both.) 
 
 Hartwrightii, Gray. 
 
 Hydropiper , L . 
 hydropiperoides, Michx. 
 incarnatum, Ell. 
 maritimum, L. 
 orientale , L. 
 
 Pennsylvanicum, L. 
 
 Persicaria , L. 
 ramosissimum, Michx. 
 sagittatum, L. 
 tenue, Michx. 
 
 terrestre, (Willd.) ( P . amphibium , X., var. terrestre, Willd.) 
 Yirginianum, L. 
 
 Fagopyrum, Gaertn. 
 
 esculentum , Moench. 
 
 Rumex, L. 
 
 Aceto sella , X. 
 
 altissimus, Wood. (X. Britannica , Gray, not X.) 
 
 Britannicus, L. (X. orbiculatus , Gray.) 
 conglomerate, Murr. 
 crispus , X. 
 
 hastatulus, Baldw. (X. Engelmanni , Ledeb.) 
 maritimus, L. 
 
 obtusifolius , X. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •f m 
 
 
Patientia , X. 
 verticillatzcs , X. 
 
 47 
 
 PODOSTEMACEiE. 
 
 Podostemon, Miclix. 
 
 ceratopliyllum, Michx. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIACE^. 
 
 Asarum, L. 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 
 Aristolochia, L. 
 
 Serpentaria, L. 
 
 PIPERACEiE. 
 
 Saururus, L. 
 
 cernuus, L. 
 
 LAURINEiE. 
 
 Sassafras, Nees. 
 
 officinale, Nees. 
 
 Lindera, Thunb. 
 
 Benzoin, (L.), Meisn. 
 
 I)irca, L. 
 
 palustris, L. 
 
 THYMELiEACEiE. 
 
 LORANTHACEiE. 
 
 Arceutbobium, Rich. 
 
 pusillum, Peck. 
 
 Phoradendron, Nutt. 
 
 flavescens, (Pursh), Nutt. 
 
 SANTALACEiE. 
 
 Comandra, Nutt. 
 
 umbellata, (L.), Nutt. 
 
 EU PHORBI ACEiE. 
 
 Euphorbia, L. 
 
 corollata, L. 
 
 Cyparissias , X. 
 
 Darlingtonii, Gray. 
 
 Ilelioscopia , X. 
 kypericifolia, L. 
 
 Ipecacuanhse, L. 
 
 Pathyris , X. 
 

 
 
 ' utWi -.I-,, 
 
 W Hi 
 
48 
 
 maculata, L. 
 polygonifolia, L. 
 
 Phyllanthns, L. 
 
 Carolinensis, Walt. 
 
 Croton, L. 
 
 capitatus, Michx. 
 
 Crotonopsis, Michx. 
 
 linearis, Michx. 
 
 Acalypha, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 var. gracilens, (Gray), Muell. Arg. 
 
 URTICACEiE. 
 
 Ulmus, L. 
 
 Americana, L. 
 fulva, Michx. 
 racemosa, Thomas. 
 
 Celtis, L. 
 
 occidentalis, L. 
 
 var. pumila, (Pursh), Gray. 
 
 Humulus, L. 
 
 Isupulus , X. 
 
 Cannabis, L. 
 
 sativa, X. 
 
 Broussonetia, Yent. 
 
 papyrifera , (X.), Vent. 
 
 Morns, L. 
 
 alba , X. 
 rnbra, L. 
 
 Urtica, L. 
 
 dioica , X. 
 gracilis, Ait. 
 
 urens, X. 
 
 Laportea, Gaudicli. 
 
 Canadensis, (L.), Gaudich. 
 
 Pilea, Lindl. 
 
 pumila, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Boohmeria, Jacq. 
 
 cylindrica, (L.), Willd. 
 var. scabra, Porter. 
 
 Parietaria, L. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Muhl. 
 

 
 
 m&m *:jm 
 
49 
 
 PLATANACEiE. 
 
 Platanus, L. 
 
 occidentalis, L. 
 
 JUGLANDEiE. 
 
 Carya, Nutt. 
 
 alba, (L.) {C. tomentosa, Nutt.) 
 
 glabra, (Mill.), Torr. (C. porcina, Nutt.) 
 microcarpa, Nutt. 
 
 minima, (Marsh.) (C. amara , Nutt.) 
 ovata, (Mill.) ( C . alba , Nutt.) 
 sulcata, (Willd.), Nutt. 
 
 Juglans, L. 
 cinerea, L. 
 nigra, L. 
 
 MYRICACEiE. 
 
 Myrica, L. 
 
 asplenifolia, (L.), Banks. ( Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait.) 
 cerifera, L. 
 
 Gale, L. 
 
 CUPULIEER M. 
 
 Betula, L. 
 
 alba, L., var. populifolia, (Marsh.), Spach. 
 lenta, L. 
 lutea, Michx. f. 
 nigra, L. 
 
 papyrifera, Marsh. ( B . papyracea , Ait.) 
 pumila, L. 
 
 Alnus, Gaertn. 
 
 incana, (L.), Willd. 
 glutinosa, Willd. 
 serrulata, Willd. 
 
 Carpinus, L. 
 
 Caroliniana, Walt. ( C '. Americana , Michx.) 
 
 Ostrya, Scop. 
 
 Yirginiana, (Mill.) ( 0 . Virginica, Willd.) 
 
 Corylus, L. 
 
 Americana, Walt, 
 rostrata, Ait. 
 
 (Juercus, L. 
 alba, L. 
 bicolor, Willd. 
 coccinea, Wang. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
50 
 
 falcata, Michx. 
 heterophylla, Michx. f. 
 ilicifolia, Wang, 
 imbricaria, Michx. 
 macrocarpa, Michx. 
 
 Muhlenbergii, Engelm. ( Q . Prinus , X, var. acuminata , Michx.) 
 
 var. humilis, (Marsh.), Britton. (Q. prinoides, Willd.) 
 nigra, L. 
 
 palustris, Du Roi. 
 
 Phellos, L. 
 
 Prinus, L. ( Includes var. monticola , Michx.) 
 rubra, L. 
 
 Rudkinii, Britton. 
 
 stellata, Wang. ( Q . obtusiloba , Michx.) 
 
 tinctoria, Bartr. ( Q . coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gray.) 
 
 Castanea, Gaertn. 
 
 pumila, Mill. 
 
 vulgaris, Lam., var. Americana, (Michx.), DC. ( C ’. vesca, Gce.rtn., 
 var. Americana , Michx.) 
 
 Fagus, L. 
 
 ferruginea, Ait. 
 
 SALICINEJE. 
 
 Salix, L. 
 
 alba, L. 
 
 var. vitellina, (X.), Koch. 
 
 Babylonica, X. 
 
 Candida, Willd. 
 cordata, Muhl. 
 
 var. angustata, (Pursh), Anders, 
 discolor, Muhl. 
 fragilis, X. 
 humilis, Muhl. 
 longifolia, Muhl. 
 lucida, Muhl. 
 myrtilloides, L. 
 nigra, Marsh, 
 petiolaris, Smith. 
 purpurea, X. 
 
 rostrata, Richards. (aS. livida, Wahl., var. occidentals , Gray.) 
 sericea, Marsh, 
 tristis, Ait. 
 
 viminalis, X. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
51 
 
 Populus, L. 
 
 alba , L. 
 balsamifera, L. 
 
 var. candicans, (Ait.), Gray. 
 dilata.ta , L. 
 grandidentata, Michx. 
 heterophylla, L. 
 
 monilifera, Ait. ( Includes P. angulata, Ait.) 
 nigra, L. 
 
 tremuloides, Michx. 
 
 E MPETRACEiE. 
 
 Corema, Don. 
 
 Conradii, Torr. 
 
 CEBATOPHYLLEiE. 
 
 Ceratophyllum, L. 
 
 demersum, L. 
 
 var. echinatum, Gray. 
 
 HYDROCHARIDE^l. 
 
 Elodea, Michx. 
 
 Canadensis, Michx. (Anacharis Canadensis, Planch.) 
 
 Vallisneria, L. 
 
 spiralis, L. 
 
 Limnobium, Rich. 
 
 Spongia, Bich. 
 
 OBCHIDEiE. 
 
 Microstylis, Nutt. 
 
 monophylla, (L.), Lindl. 
 
 unifolia, (Michx.) (M. ophioglossoides, Nutt.) 
 
 Liparis, Rich. 
 
 liliifolia, (L.), Bich. 
 
 Loeselii, (L.), Bich. 
 
 A plectrum, Nutt. 
 
 spicatum, (Walt.) (A. hiemale, Nutt.) 
 
 Corallorhiza, R. Br. 
 
 innata, B. Br. 
 multitlora, Nutt, 
 odontorhiza, (Sw.), Nutt. 
 
 Tipularia, Nutt. 
 
 unifolia, (Muhl.) (T. discolor , Nutt.) 
 
 Listera, R. Br. 
 
 australis, Lindl. 
 

 
 mum <v giM' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52 
 
 convallarioides, (Sw.), Nutt, 
 cordata, (L.), R. Br. 
 
 Spiranthes, Rich, 
 cernua, (L.), Rich, 
 gracilis, Bigel. 
 
 gramiuea, Lindl., var. pnecox, (Walt.) ( car . Walteri, Gray.) 
 latifolia, Torr. 
 simplex, Gray. 
 
 Goodyera, R. Br. 
 
 pubescens, (Willd.), R. Br. 
 repens, (L.), R. Br. 
 
 Arethusa, L. 
 
 bulbosa, L. 
 
 Calopogon, R. Br. 
 
 tuberosus, (L.) {C. pulchellus, B. Br.) 
 
 Pogonia, Juss. 
 affinis, Austin, 
 divaricata, (L.), R. Br. 
 opkioglossoides, (L.), Ker. 
 trianthophorus, (Sw.) (P. pendula , Lindl.) 
 
 verticillata, (Willd.), Nutt. 
 
 Orchis, L. 
 
 rotundifolia, Pursh. ( Habenaria rotundi folia , Bichar ds.) 
 spectabilis, L. 
 
 Habenaria, Willd. 
 
 blephariglottis, (Willd.), Torr. 
 ciliaris, (L.), R. Br. 
 cristata, (Michx.), R. Br. 
 dilatata, (Pursh), Gray, 
 fimbriata, (Ait.), R. Br. 
 
 Hava, (L.), Gray. {H. virescens , Spreng.) 
 
 Hookeriana, Torr. (H. Hooker i, Torr.) 
 
 var. oblongifolia, Paine, 
 hyperborea, (L.), R. Br. 
 integra, (Nutt.), Spreng. 
 lacera, (Michx.), R. Br. 
 orbiculata, (Pursh), Torr. 
 peramoena, Gray, 
 psycodes, (L.), Gray, 
 tridentata, (Willd.), Hook. 
 
 viridis, (Sw.), R. Br., var. bracteata, (R. Br.), Reichenb. 
 Cypripedium, L. 
 acaule, Ait. 
 

 
 
 
 mmm -v $ . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
53 
 
 arietinum, R. Br. 
 candidum, Muhl. 
 parviflorum, Salisb. 
 pubescens, Willd. 
 spectabile, Sw. 
 
 IREMODORACE^E. 
 
 Lachnanthes, Ell. 
 
 tinctoria, (Walt.), ED. 
 
 Lophiola, Ker. 
 
 tomentosa, (Muhl.) (X. aurea , Ker.) 
 
 Aletris, L. 
 
 aurea, Walt, 
 farinosa, L. 
 
 IRIDEiE. 
 
 Iris, L. 
 
 versicolor, L. 
 
 prismatica, Pursh. (Z Virginica, Gray , not X.) 
 
 Belamcanda, Adans. 
 
 Chinensis, (X.), lied. ( Pardanthus Chinensis , Ker.) 
 
 Sisyrinchium, L. 
 
 angustifolium, Mill. (8. Bermudiana , Gray , not X.) 
 mucronatum, Michx. (8. Bermudiana, var. mucronatum, Gray.) 
 
 AMARYLLIDE^. 
 
 Hypoxys, I. 
 
 erecta, L. 
 
 DIOSCOREACEiE. 
 
 Dioscorea, L. 
 
 villosa, L. 
 
 LTLIACE^E. 
 
 Smilax, L. 
 
 bona nox, L. (8. tamnoides, X.) 
 glauca, Walt, 
 herbacea, L. 
 
 var. pulverulenta, (Michx.), Gray, 
 hispida, Muhl. 
 laurifolia, L. 
 
 Pseudo-China, L. 
 rotundifolia, L. 
 tamnifolia, Michx. 
 
 Walteri, Pursh. 
 
 Asparagus, L. 
 
 officinalis, X. 
 

 
 mum 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54 
 
 Polygonatum, Adans. 
 
 biflorum, (Walt.), Ell. 
 
 commutatum, (Schult.), Dietr. (1 J . giganteum, Dietr.) 
 
 Streptopus, Miclix. 
 
 amplexifolius, (L.), DC. 
 roseus, (Pers.), Michx. 
 
 Smilacina, Desf. 
 
 racemosa, (L.), Desf. 
 stellata, (L.), Desf. 
 trifolia, (L.), Desf. 
 
 Maianthemum, Wiggers. 
 
 Canadense, Desf. ( 8 . bifolia, Ker, var. Canadensis, Gray.) 
 
 Convallaria, L. 
 
 majalis, L. 
 
 Hemerocallis, L. 
 
 fulva, L. 
 
 Allium, L. 
 
 Canadense, Kalm. 
 tricoccum, Ait. 
 vineale, L. 
 
 Muscari, Mill. 
 
 botryoides, (X.), Mill, 
 racemosum, (X.), Mill. 
 
 Ornithogalum, L. 
 nutans, X. 
 mnbellatum , X. 
 
 Lilium, L. 
 
 Canadense, L. 
 
 Philadelphicum, L. 
 superbum, L. 
 
 Erythronium, L. 
 
 albidum, Nutt. 
 
 Americanum, Ker. 
 
 Narthecium, Mcelir. 
 
 Americanum, Ker. (N. ossifragum, Huds., var. Americanum, 
 Gray.) 
 
 Chamaelirium, Willd. 
 
 luteum, (L.), Gray. 
 
 Xerophyllum, Michx. 
 
 aspbodeloides, (L.), Spreng. 
 
 Helonias, L. 
 
 bull at a, L. 
 

 
 mh-w. % ujjw* 
 
 
 
Tofieldia, Huds. 
 
 racemosa, (Walt.) {T. pubens, Pers.) 
 
 Uvularia, L. 
 
 grandiflora, Smith. ( Includes U. flava, Smith.) 
 perfoliata, L. 
 
 Oakesia, S. Wats. 
 
 sessilifolia, (L.), S. Wats. 
 
 Clintonia, Raf. 
 
 borealis, (Ait.), Raf. 
 
 Medeola, L. 
 
 Yirginica, L. 
 
 Trillium, L. 
 cernuum, L. 
 erectum, L. 
 erythrocarpum, Michx. 
 grandiflorum, (Michx.), Salisb. 
 
 Melanthium, L. 
 
 latifolium, Desrouss. 
 
 Yirginicum, L. 
 
 Veratruni, L. 
 
 viride, Ait. 
 
 Zygadenus, Michx. 
 
 leimanthoides, Gray. 
 
 Amianthium, Gray. 
 
 muscsetoxicum, (Walt.), Gray. 
 
 PONTEDERIACE^E. 
 
 Pontederia, L. 
 
 cordata, L. 
 
 var. angustifolia, Pursh. 
 
 Heterantliera, Ruiz & Pay. 
 
 graminea, (Michx.), Yahl. ( Schollera graminea, Willd.) 
 reniformis, Ruiz & Pav. 
 
 XYRIDEiE. 
 
 Xyris, L. 
 
 Caroliuiana, Walt, 
 limbriata, Ell. 
 flexuosa, Muhl. 
 
 var. pusilla, Gray, 
 torta, Smith. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56 
 
 Commelina, L. 
 
 COMMELINACEJE. 
 
 communis, L. 
 
 hirtella, Yalil. 
 nudi flora, L. 
 
 Virginica, L. 
 
 Tradescantia, L. 
 
 Virginica, X. 
 
 JTJNCACE2E. 
 
 Juncus, L. 
 
 acuminatus, Michx. (X acuminatus, Michx., var. legitimus , 
 Eng elm.') 
 
 var. debilis, (Gray), Engelm. 
 articulatus, L. 
 
 var. obtusatus, Engelm. 
 
 asper, Engelm. 
 
 Balticus, Dethard, var. littoralis, Engelm. ( Westchester Go. f) 
 bufonius, L. 
 
 Canadensis, J. Gay. {J. Canadensis, J. Gay , var. longicauda- 
 tus , Engelm.') 
 
 var. brachycephalus, Engelm. 
 var. coarctatus, Engelm. 
 var. subcaudatus, Engelm. 
 dichotomus, Ell. 
 effusus, L. 
 
 var. conglomeratus, (L.), Engelm. 
 
 Gerardi, Lois. 
 
 Greenii, Oakes & Tuck, 
 marginatus, Kostk. 
 
 var. biflorus, (Ell.), Engelm. 
 var. paucicapitatus, Engelm. 
 maritimus, Lam. 
 militaris, Bigel. 
 nodosus, L. 
 
 var. megacephalus, Torr. 
 pelocarpus, E. Meyer. 
 
 var. fluitans, (Michx.) {var. {?) subtilis , Engelm.) 
 Rcemerianus, Scheele. (Eew Jersey f) 
 
 scirpoides, Lam. {J. scirpoides, Jjam., var. macrostemon, Enr 
 gelm.) 
 
 tenuis, Willd. 
 
 var. secundus, (Poir.), Engelm. 
 trifidus, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
57 
 
 Lunula, DC. 
 
 campestris, (L.), DC. 
 pilosa, (L.), Willd. 
 
 spadicea, DC., var. melanocarpa, (Desv.), E. Meyer. (X. par- 
 vi flora , Desv., var. melanocarpa, Gray.) 
 
 TYPHACE M. 
 
 Typha, L. 
 
 angustifolia, L. 
 latifolia, L. 
 
 Sparganium, L. 
 
 androcladum, (Engelm.), Morong. (S. simplex , Huds., var. an- 
 drocladum , Engelm.) 
 
 var. fluctuans, Morong. (8. simplex , Huds., var. fluitans , 
 Engelm.) 
 
 eurycarpum, Engelm. 
 
 simplex, Huds. (. Includes var. Nuttallii, Engelm.) 
 var. angustifolium, (Michx.), Engelm. 
 
 AROIDEiE. 
 
 Arisaema, Mart. 
 
 Dracontium, (L.), Schott, 
 triphyllum, (L.), Torr. 
 
 Peltandra, Raf. 
 
 undulata, Raf. 
 
 Yirginica, (L.), Raf. 
 
 Calla, L. 
 
 palustris, L. 
 
 Orontium, L. 
 
 aquaticum, L. 
 
 Symplocarpus, Salisb. 
 
 fcetidus, (L.), Salisb. 
 
 Acorus, L. 
 
 Calamus, L. 
 
 LEMNACE.ZE. 
 
 Lemna, L. 
 
 minor, L. 
 
 var. obscura, Austin, 
 var. orbiculata, Austin, 
 perpusilla, Torr. 
 
 var. trinervis, Austin, 
 trisulca, L. 
 
 Yaldiviana, Philippi. (X. Torreyi, Austin.) 
 

 
58 
 
 Spirodela, Schleid. 
 
 polyrbiza, (L.), Schleid. {Lemna polyrhiza, L.) 
 
 Wolffia, Horkel. 
 
 Columbiana, Karst. 
 
 ALISMACE.E. 
 
 Alisina, L. 
 
 Plantago, L., var. triviale, (Pursh). (var. America, nam, Gray.) 
 
 Sagittaria, L. 
 
 calycina, Engelm. 
 
 var. spongiosa, Engelm. 
 graminea, Michx. 
 heterophylla, Pursh. 
 subulata, (Pursh). (S. pusilla, Nutt.) 
 variabilis, Engelm., var. angustifolia, Engelm. 
 var. diversifolia, Engelm. 
 var. gracilis, (Puish), Engelm. 
 var. hastata, (Pursh), Engelm. 
 var. latifolia, (Willd.), Engelm. 
 var. obtusa, (Willd.), Engelm. 
 var. pubescens, (Muhl.), Engelm. 
 
 NAIADACEiE. 
 
 Triglochin, L. 
 
 maritimum, L. 
 palustre, L. 
 
 Sclieuchzeria, L. 
 
 palustris, L. 
 
 Potamogeton, L. 
 amplifolius, Tuck, 
 compressus, L. 
 crispus, L. 
 
 fluitans, Roth. {P. lonchites , Tuck.) 
 
 gramineus, L. {Includes var. graminifolius, Fries , and var. 
 heterophyllus , Fries.) 
 var. maximus, Moron g. 
 var.(?) myriophyllus, Robbins, 
 hybridus, Michx. 
 lucens, L. 
 natans, L. 
 
 Oakesianus, Robbins, 
 obtusifolius, Mart. & Koch, 
 pauciflorus, Pursh. 
 

 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
59 
 
 pectinatus, L. 
 
 Pennsylvanicus, Cham. (P. Claytonii, Tuck.) 
 perfoliatus, L. 
 
 var. lanceolatus, Robbins, 
 prselongus, Wulf. 
 pulcher, Tuck. 
 
 pusillus, L. ( Includes var. tenuissimus , Mart. & Koch.) 
 Robbinsii, Oakes, 
 rufescens, Schrad. 
 
 Spirillus, Tuck. 
 
 Tuckermani, Eobbins. 
 
 Vaseyi, Eobbins. 
 
 Zizii, Mart. & Koch. (P. lucens , X., var. minor , Nolte.) 
 zostersefolius, Schum. ( P . compressus , Fries , not Ij.) 
 
 Ruppia, L. 
 
 maritima, L. 
 
 Zannichellia, L. 
 
 palustris, L. 
 
 var. pedunculata, Gray. 
 
 Zostera, L. 
 
 marina, L. 
 
 Naias, L. 
 
 flexilis, (Willd.), Eostk. & Schmidt. 
 
 Indica, Cham., var. gracillima, E. Br. 
 
 ERIOCAULEiE. 
 
 Eriocaulon, L. 
 
 decangulare, L. 
 gnaphalodes, Michx. 
 septangulare, With. 
 
 CYPERACE.E. 
 
 Cyperus, L. 
 
 aristatus, Eottb. ( 0 . inflexus , Muhl.) 
 compressus , L. 
 dentatus, Torr. 
 diandrus, Torr. 
 
 var. castaneus, (Bigel.), Torr. 
 
 Engelmanni, Steud. 
 
 erythrorhizos, Muhl. 
 
 esculentus, L. ( C. . phymatodes , Muhl.) 
 
 filiculmis, Yahl. 
 
 flavescens, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 SMIlHWn f f 11598*1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60 
 
 flavicomus, Yahl. 
 
 Grayii, Torr. 
 
 Lancastriensis, Porter. 
 
 Nuttallii, Eddy, 
 ovularis, (Yahl), Torr. 
 refractus, Engelm. 
 retrofractus, Engelm. 
 
 speciosus, Yahl. ((?. Michauxianus, Gray , Manual.) 
 strigosus, L. 
 
 var. capitatus, Boeckl. 
 var. compositus, Britton, 
 var. robustior, Kunth. 
 
 Torreyi, Britton. 
 
 Dulichium, Pers. 
 
 spathaceum, (L.), Pers. 
 
 Heleocharis, R. Br. ( Eleocharis , E. Br.) 
 acicularis, (L.), R. Br. 
 diandra, C. Wright. 
 
 Engelmanni, Steud. 
 intermedia, (Muhl.), Schult. 
 melanocarpa, Torr. 
 olivacea, Torr. 
 
 ovata, (Roth), R. Br. {Eleocharis obtusa , Schult.) 
 palustris, (L.), R. Br. 
 var. calva, (Torr.), Gray, 
 var. glaucescens, (Willd.), Gray, 
 plantaginea, (Retz.), R. Br. (E. equisetoides , Torr.) 
 quadrangnlata, (Michx.), R. Br. 
 
 Robbinsii, Oakes, 
 rostellata, Torr. 
 tenuis, (Willd.), Schult. 
 
 Torreyana, Boeckl. (E. microcarpa , Torr., var. Jiliculmis, 
 Torr.) 
 
 tricostata, Torr. 
 tuberculosa, (Michx.), R. Br. 
 
 Dichromena, Michx. 
 
 cephalotes, (Walt.), Britton. (Z>. leucocephala , Michx.) 
 
 Psilocarya, Torr. 
 
 nitens, (Yahl), Britton. ( Rhynchospora nitens , Gray.) 
 
 Fimbristylis, Yahl. 
 
 autumnalis, (L.), Rcem. & Schult. 
 capillaris, (L.), Gray. 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 m ufe; •• 
 
 W ft; 
 
 
61 
 
 castanea, Yah]. (F. spadicea , Vahl, var. castanea , Gray.) 
 laxa, Vahl. 
 
 Vahlii, (Lam.), Link. (F. congesta, Torr.) 
 
 Scirpus, L. 
 
 atrovirens, Muhl. 
 debilis, Pursh. 
 fluviatilis, (Torr.), Gray, 
 lacustris, L. (& validus , Vahl.) 
 lineatus, Michx. 
 maritimus, L. 
 
 var. macrostachyos, Michx. 
 mucronatus, L. 
 
 Olneyi, Gray. 
 
 parvulus, Poem. & Schult. {Eleocharis pygmcea, Torr.) 
 planifolius, Muhl. 
 polyphyllus, Vahl. 
 pungens, Yahl. 
 
 Smithii, Gray, 
 subterminalis, Torr. 
 sylvaticus, L. 
 
 Torreyi, Olney. 
 
 Eriophorum, L. 
 
 alpinum, L. 
 
 cyperinum, L. ( Scirpus Eriophorum, Michx.) 
 
 var. laxum, (Gray). {S. Eriophorum, Michx., var. laxus, Gray.) 
 gracile, Koch. ( Includes var . paucinervium, Eng elm.) 
 polystachyon, L. (E. polystachyon , L ., var. angustifolium , 
 Gray.) 
 
 var. latifolium, (Hoppe), Gray, 
 vaginatum, L. 
 
 Yirginicum, L. 
 
 Fuirena, Rottb. 
 
 squarrosa, Michx. 
 var. pumila, Torr. 
 
 Hemicarpha, Nees. 
 
 micrantha, (Yahl), Britton. (JT. subsquarrosa , Fees.) 
 
 Lipocarplia, R. Br. 
 
 maculata, (Michx.), Torr. 
 
 Rhyncliospora, Yahl. 
 
 alba, (L.), Yahl. 
 
 axillaris, (Lam.), Britton. (R. cephalantha , Gray.) 
 capillacea, Torr. 
 

 
 
 
 m 
 
 wm 
 
 
62 
 
 Curtisii, Steud. (R. pallida, M. A. Curtis.) 
 
 cymosa, (Willd.), Nutt. 
 
 fusca, (L.), Roem. & Schult. 
 
 glomerata, (L.), Vahl. 
 
 gracilenta, Gray. 
 
 Knieskernii, Carey, 
 macrostachya, Torr. 
 
 Torreyana, Gray. 
 
 Cladium, P. Br. 
 
 mariscoides, (Muhl.), Torr. 
 
 Scleria, Berg. 
 
 pauciflora, Muhl. 
 reticularis, Michx. 
 
 var. pubescens, Britton. 
 
 Torreyana, Walp. (<S. laxa, Torr.) 
 triglomerata, Michx. 
 
 var. gracilis, Britton, 
 verticillata, Muhl. 
 
 Carex, L. 
 
 adusta, Boott. 
 aestivalis, M. A. Curtis, 
 alopecoidea, Tuck, 
 aperta, Boott. 
 aquatilis, Wahl, 
 arctata, Boott. 
 aurea, Nutt. 
 
 Barrattii, Schw. & Torr. - 
 bromoides, Schk. 
 bullata, Schk. 
 
 Buxbaumii, Wahl, 
 canescens, L. 
 
 var. brunnescens, (Pers.), Boott. {var. vitilis, Gray.) 
 Careyana, Torr. 
 cephalophora, Muhl. 
 conjuncta, Boott. 
 conoidea, Schk. 
 crinita, Lam. 
 
 var. gynandra, (Schw.), Schw. & Torr. 
 
 Davisii, Schw. & Torr. 
 debilis, Michx. 
 
 Deweyana, Schw. 
 digitalis, Willd. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 t f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63 
 
 eburnea, Boott. 
 
 echinata, Murray. (C. stellulata, Good.) 
 var. conferta, (Chapm.), Bailey. 
 
 var. radiata, (Wahl.) ( C . stellulata, Good., vars. scirpoides 
 and angustata, Carey, and C. sterilis, Willd.) 
 
 Emmonsii, Dewey, 
 exilis, Dewey, 
 extensa, Good, 
 filiformis, L. 
 
 var. lanuginosa, (Michx.) (C. lanuginosa, Michx.) 
 
 Hava, L. 
 flexilis, Budge, 
 folliculata, L. 
 formosa, Dewey. 
 
 glaucodea, Tuck. ( C . flaccosperma, Gray, not Dewey.) 
 gracillima, Schw. 
 granularis, Muhl. 
 
 var. Haleana, Porter. 
 
 Grayii, Carey, 
 grisea, Wahl. 
 
 Hitchcockiana, Dewey, 
 hystricina, Muhl. 
 intumescens, Budge, 
 laxiflora, Lam. 
 
 var. blanda, (Dewey), Boott. 
 
 var. heterosperma,' (Wahl.) (var. intermedia, Boott.) 
 var. latifolia, Boott. 
 var. plantaginea, (Schk.), Boott. 
 var. styloflexa, (Buckley), Boott. 
 limosa, L. 
 livida, Willd. 
 longirostris, Torr. 
 
 lurida, Wahl. ( C. lupulina, Muhl.) 
 
 var. polystachya, (Schw. & Torr.), Bailey. (C. lupuliformis , 
 Sartw.) 
 
 Magellanica, Lam., var. irrigua, (Smith). ( C . irrigua , Smith.) 
 monile, Tuck. 
 
 Muhlenbergii, Schk. 
 
 var. enervis, Boott. 
 nigro-marginata, Schw. 
 
 Novae- Anglise, Schw. 
 
 (Ederi, Betz. 
 
64 
 
 oligocarpa, Sclik. 
 oligosperma, Michx. 
 pallescens, L. 
 pauciflora, Lightf. 
 pedunculata, Mukl. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Lam. 
 
 plantaginea, Lam. 
 
 platyphylla, Carey. 
 
 polymorplia, Muhl. 
 
 polytrichoides, Muhl. 
 
 prasina, Wahl. ( G miliacea , Muhl.) 
 
 Pseudo-Cyperus, L. 
 
 var. comosa, (Boott), W. Boott. 
 ptychocarpa, Steud. 
 pubescens, Muhl. 
 retrocurva, Dewey, 
 retrorsa, Schw. 
 riparia, Curtis, 
 rosea, Schk. 
 
 var. radiata, Dewey. ( Includes var. minor , Boott.) 
 var. retroflexa, (Muhl.), Torr. ( C . retrojlexa , Muhl.) 
 rostrata, With. 
 
 var. utriculata, (Boott), Bailey. ( C . utrieulata, Boott.) 
 salina, Wahl. (. Monmouth Co.?) 
 scabrata, Schw. ' 
 
 Schweinitzii, Dewey, 
 scirpoidea, Michx. 
 scoparia, Schk. 
 siccata, Dewey. 
 
 Smithii, Porter, 
 sparganioides, Muhl. 
 squarrosa, L. 
 stipata, Muhl. 
 
 straminea, Schk. ( Includes vars. typica , tenera , Crawei and 
 festucacea , Boott.) 
 
 var. alata, (Torr.), Bailey. ( C . alata , Torr.) 
 var. foenea, (Willd.), Torr. (C. fcenea, Willd.) 
 var. mirabilis, (Dewey), Tuck ( C . cristata. Schw., var. mira 
 
 bills , Gray , in part.) 
 
 var. moniliformis, Tuck. (C. foenea , Willd., var.{?) « abu- 
 lonum, Gray.) 
 striata, Michx. 
 
 

 
 
G5 
 
 stricta, Lam. 
 subulata, Michx. 
 
 Sullivantii, Boott. 
 tenella, Schk. 
 tentaculata, Muhl. 
 var. gracilis, Boott, 
 
 teretiuscula, Good. ( Includes var. major , Koch j 
 tetanica, Schk. 
 
 var. Canbyi, (Olriey), Porter. ( C . panicca , X., var. Canbyi , 
 Olney.) 
 torta, Boott. 
 
 tribuloides, Wahl. {C. lagopodioides , Schk.) 
 
 var. cristata, (Schw.), Bailey. {C. cristata , Schw.) 
 triceps, Michx. 
 trichocarpa, Muhl. 
 trisperma, Dewey. 
 
 Tuckermani, Boott. 
 umbellata, Schk. 
 varia, Muhl. 
 
 venusta, Dewey, var. glabra, (Boott), Bailey. {C. glabra , Boott.) 
 
 vestita, Willd. 
 
 virescens, Muhl. 
 
 vulgaris, Fries. 
 
 vulpinoidea, Michx. 
 
 Willdenovii, Schk. 
 
 GBAMINEJE. 
 
 Paspalum, L. 
 
 Iseve, Michx. 
 setaceum, Michx. 
 
 Walterianum, Schult, 
 
 Amphicarpum, Kunth. 
 
 Purshii, Kunth. 
 
 Panicum, L. 
 
 agrostoides, Muhl. 
 
 amarum, Ell., var. minor, Y. & S. 
 
 anceps, Michx. 
 
 capillare, L. 
 
 clandestinum, L. 
 
 crus-galli , L. 
 
 var. hispidum, (Muhl.), Torr. 
 depauperatum, Muhl. 
 dichotomum, L. 
 

 
 
 
66 
 
 var. barbulatum, (Michx.), Gray, 
 discolor, (Chapra.), Steud. ? 
 filiforme, L. 
 
 glabrum , {Schrad.), Gaud. 
 latifolium, L. 
 
 var. molle, Yasey. 
 laxiflorum, Lam. 
 microcarpon, Muhl. 
 miliaceum, X. 
 nitidum, Lam. 
 proliferum, Lam. 
 sanguinale, X. 
 
 scoparium, Lam. ( P . pauciflorum , Ell.?) 
 
 verrucosum, Muhl. 
 
 virgatum, L. 
 
 viscidum, Ell. 
 
 xanthophysum, Gray. 
 
 8etaria, Beauv. 
 
 glauca , (X.), Beauv. 
 
 Italica , (X.), Kunth. 
 verticillata , (X.), Beauv. 
 viridis, (X), Beauv. 
 
 Cenchrus, L. 
 
 tribuloides, L. 
 
 Spartina, Schreb. 
 
 cynosuroides, (L.), Willd. 
 juncea, (Michx.), Willd. 
 polystachya, (Michx.), Willd. 
 stricta, (Ait.), Roth. 
 
 var. maritima, (Walt.) {var. alterniflora, Gray.) 
 var. glabra, (Muhl.), Gray. 
 
 Tripsacum, L. 
 
 dactyloides, L. 
 
 Zizania, L. 
 
 aquatica, L. 
 
 Leersia, Sw. 
 
 oryzoides, (L.), Sw. 
 
 Yirgmica, Willd. 
 
 Erianthus, Michx. 
 
 alopecuroides, (L.), Ell. 
 
 Andropogon, L. 
 
 dissitiflorus, Michx. {A. Virginicus, Gray , not X.) 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 V w 
 
 2MWB11Y ItUWr- 
 
 
 
 
 
67 
 
 glomeratus, (Walt.) (A. macrourus, Michx.) 
 provincialis, Lam. (A. furcatus, Muhl.) 
 
 var. maritimus, (Chapm.), Hack, 
 scoparius, Michx. 
 
 Chrysopogon, Trin. 
 
 nutans, (L.), Benth. ( Sorghum nutans , Gray.) 
 
 Phalaris, L. 
 
 arundinacea, L. 
 
 Canariensis , L. 
 
 Anthoxanthum, L. 
 
 odoratum , L. 
 
 Hierochloa, Gmel. 
 
 odorata, (L.) (IT. borealis , Roem. & Schult.) 
 
 Alopecurus, L. 
 
 geniculatus, L. 
 
 var. aristulatus, (Miclix.), Munro. 
 
 Aristida, L. 
 
 dichotoma, L. 
 gracilis, Ell. 
 purpurascens, Poir. 
 tuberculosa, Nutt. 
 
 Stipa, L. 
 
 avenacea, L. 
 
 Oryzopsis, Miclix. 
 
 asperifolia, Micbx. 
 
 juncea, (Miclix.) ( O . Canadensis , Torr.) 
 melanocarpa, Muhl. 
 
 Milium, L. 
 
 effusum, L. 
 
 Muhlenbergia, Schreb. 
 
 capillaris, Kunth. 
 diffusa, Schreb. 
 
 Mexicana, (L.), Trin. 
 
 racemosa, (Michx.) (M. glomerata , Trin.) 
 sobolifera, (Muhl.), Trin. 
 sylvatica, (Torr.), T. & G. 
 tenuiflora, (Willd.) (M. Willdenovii , Trin.) 
 Brachyelytrum, Beauv. 
 
 aristosum, (Michx.) (B. aristatum , Beauv.) 
 
 Heleochloa, Host. 
 
 schoenoides, (X.), Host. ( Crypsis schcenoides , Lam.) 
 
BWiafHY *f ■ 
 
68 
 
 Phleuin, L. 
 
 pratense , X. 
 
 Sporobolus, R. Br. 
 
 asper, (Michx.), Kunth. ( Vi \lfa asper a, Beauv.) 
 compressus, (Torr.), Kunth. 
 heterolepis, Gray, 
 serotinus, (Torr.), Gray. 
 
 vaginseflorus, (Torr.), Yasey. ( V. vaginceflora , Torr.) 
 
 Agrostis, L. 
 
 alba , X 
 
 var. vulgaris , ( With.), Thurb. (A. vulgaris, With ) 
 altissima, (Walt.), Tuck. (A. elata , Trin.) 
 canina, L. 
 
 hiemalis, (Walt.) (A. scabra , WiUd.) 
 perennans, (Walt.), Tuck. 
 
 Polypogon, Desf. 
 
 Monspeliensis , (X.), Desf. 
 
 Cinna, L. 
 
 arundinacea, L. 
 
 pendula, Trin. ( C . arundinacea , L., var. pendula, Gray.) 
 
 Deyeuxia, Clarion. 
 
 Canadensis, (Michx.), Beauv. ( Calamagrostis Canadensis , 
 Beauv.) 
 
 Nuttalliana, (Steud.), Yasey. ((7. Nuttalliana , Steud.) 
 
 Ammophila, Host. 
 
 arenaria, (L.), Link. ( Calamagrostis arenaria , Both.) 
 brevipilis, (Torr.), Benth. (£7. brevtyrilis, Gray.) 
 
 Aira, L. 
 
 caryophyllea , X. 
 prcecox , X. 
 
 Deschampsia, Beauv. 
 csespitosa, (L.), Beauv. 
 flexuosa, (L.), Griseb. 
 
 Holcus, L. 
 
 lanatus , X. 
 
 Trisetum, Pers. 
 
 Pennsylvanicum, (L.) {T. palustre, Torr.) 
 
 A vena, L. 
 
 striata, Michx. 
 
 Arrhenatherum, Beauv. 
 
 elatius , (X.), Koch. (A. avenaceum , Beauv.) 
 
 Danthonia, DC. 
 
 Alleni, Austin. 
 

 
 
 
 mmtm ® %m*> 
 
 
 
69 
 
 compressa, Austin, 
 sericea, Nutt, 
 spicata, (L.), Beauv. 
 
 Cynodon, Pers. 
 
 Dactylon , (Z.), Pers. 
 
 Gynmopogon, Beauv. 
 
 ambiguus, (Michx.) ( G . racemosus , Beauv.') 
 
 Bouteloua, Lag. 
 
 curtipendula, (Michx. \ Gray. 
 
 Eleusine, Gaertu. 
 
 Indica , (Z.), Gcertn. 
 
 Triodia, R. Br. 
 
 sesleroides, (Michx.), Benth. ( Tricuspis sesleroides, Torr.) 
 
 Diplachne, Beauv. 
 
 fascicularis, (Lam.), Beauv. ( Leptochloa fascicularis, Gray.) 
 
 Triplasis, Beauv. 
 
 purpurea, (Walt.), Chapm. (Tricuspis purpurea, Gray.) 
 
 Phragmites, Trin. 
 
 vulgaris, (Lam.) ( P . communis, Trin.) 
 
 Cynosurus, L. 
 
 cristatus, j£. 
 
 Eatonia, Raf. 
 
 Dudleyi, Yasey. 
 obtusata, (Michx.), Gray. 
 
 Pennsylvanica, (Spreug.), Gray. 
 
 Eragrostis, Beauv. 
 
 capillaris, (L.), Nees. 
 
 Frankii, Meyer. 
 
 hypnoides, (Lam.) (E. reptans, Nees.) 
 
 major. Host. (H. poceoides , Beauv., var. megastachya, Gray.) 
 minor, Host. (JE. poceoides, Beauv.) 
 pectinacea, (Michx.), Gray. 
 
 var. spectabilis, (Pursh), Gray. 
 pilosa, (Z.), Beauv. 
 
 Purshii, Schrad. 
 
 Uniola, L. 
 
 laxa, (L.) ( XJ. gracilis, Michx.) 
 
 Distichlis, Raf. 
 
 spicata, (L.), Greene. (Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook.) 
 
 Dactylis, L. 
 
 glomerata , Z. 
 
 Briza, L. 
 
 media, Z. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
70 
 
 Poa, L. 
 
 alsodes, Gray, 
 annua, L. 
 
 autumnalis, Muhl. (P. flexuosa, Muhl.) 
 
 compressa, L. 
 
 debilis, Torr. 
 
 pratensis, L. 
 
 serotina, Ehrli. 
 
 sylvestris, Gray. 
 
 trivialis , X. 
 
 Glyceria, R. Br. 
 
 arundinacea, Kunth. (G. aquatica, Gray, Manual .) 
 
 brevifolia, (Muhl.), Schult. (G. acutiflora , Torr.) 
 
 Canadensis, (Michx.), Trin. 
 
 distans, (L.), Wahl. 
 
 elongata, (Torr.), Trin. 
 
 fluitans, (L.), R. Br. 
 
 maritima, ( Huds .), Mert. & Koch. 
 
 nervata, (Willd.), Trin. 
 
 obtusa, (Nutt.), Trin. 
 
 pallida, (Eddy), Trin. 
 
 Festuca, L. 
 
 cluriuscula, L. (K. ovina, L., var. duriuscula , Gray.) 
 elatior , L. 
 
 gigantea , (X.), Vill. 
 
 Myurus, X. 
 nutans, Spreng. 
 
 octoflora, Walt. (K. tenella , Willd.) 
 ovina , X. 
 
 rubra , X. (K. ovina, X, var. rubra , Gray.) 
 
 Bromus, L. 
 
 ciliatus, L. 
 
 Kalmii, Gray. 
 mollis, X. 
 
 purgans, L. (X. ciliatus, X., var. purgans , Gray.) 
 
 racemosus , X. 
 
 secalinus, X. 
 
 sterilis , X. 
 
 tectorum, L. 
 
 Lolium, L. 
 perenne , X. 
 

 
 ff 
 
 mvmm fif UMW* 
 
 
 
71 
 
 Agropyrum, J. Grertn. 
 
 caninum, (L.), Bcem. & Schult. ( Triticum caninum , Gray, 
 Manual .) 
 
 repens , (Z.), Beauv. (T. repens , Z.) 
 
 Hordeum, L. 
 
 jubatum , Z. 
 
 Elymus, L. 
 
 Canadensis, L. 
 
 var. glaucifolius, (MuhL), Gray, 
 striatus, Willd. 
 
 Yirginicus, L. 
 
 Asprella, Willd. 
 
 Hystrix, (L.), Willd. ( Gymnostichum Mystrix, Schreb.) 
 CONIFERZE. 
 
 Thuja, L. 
 
 occidentalis ; L. 
 
 Chamaecy paris, Spach. 
 
 thyoides, (L.) ( Cupressus thyoides , Z.) 
 
 Juniperus, L. 
 
 communis, L. 
 
 Virginiana, L. 
 
 Taxus, L. 
 
 baccata, L., var. Canadensis, (Willd.), Gray. 
 
 Pinus, L. 
 
 echinata, Mill. (P. mitis , Michx.) 
 
 inops, Ait. 
 
 pungens, Michx. f. 
 
 resinosa, Ait. 
 
 rigida, Mill. 
 
 Strobus, L. 
 
 Picea, Link. 
 
 Canadensis, (Mill.) ( Abies alba, Michx.) 
 
 Mariana, (Mill.) (A. nigra , Poir.) 
 
 Tsuga, Carr. 
 
 Canadensis, (L.), Carr. ( Abies Canadensis, Michx.) 
 
 Abies, Juss. 
 
 balsamea, (L.), Mill. 
 
 Larix, Mill. 
 
 laricina, (DuBoi). (Z. Americana, Michx.) 
 
 

 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «Fm 
 
 Pn v 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72 
 
 ISOETEiE. 
 
 Isoetes, L. 
 
 echinospora, Durieu, var. Braunii, (Durieu), Engelm. 
 Engelmanni, A. Br. 
 lacustris, L. 
 riparia, Engelm. 
 
 SELAGINELLEiE. 
 
 Selaginella, Beauv. 
 
 apus, (L.), Spring, 
 rupestris, (L.), Spring. 
 
 RHIZOCARPiE. 
 
 Marsilia, L. 
 
 quadrifolia , L. 
 
 Azolla, Lam. 
 
 Carol iniana, Willd. 
 
 LYCOPODIACE.ZE. 
 
 Lycopodium, L. 
 
 alopecuroides, L. 
 annotinum, L. 
 
 Carolinianum, L. 
 clavatum, L. 
 complanatum, L. 
 inundatum, L. 
 lucidulum, Michx. 
 
 obscurum, L. {L. dendroideum , Michx.) 
 
 Selago, L. 
 
 OPHIOGLOSSACEiE. 
 
 Opliioglossum, L. 
 
 vulgatum, L. 
 
 Botrychium, Sw. 
 
 lanceolatum, (Gmel.), Angstr. 
 matricariaefolium, A. Br. 
 simplex, Hitchcock, 
 ternatum, (Thunb.), Sw. 
 
 var. dissectum, (Spreng.), Milde. 
 
 var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. (B. lunarioides , D. C. Eaton , 
 in Gray , Manual.) 
 var. obliquum, (Muhl.), Milde. 
 
 Virginianum, (L.), Sw. 
 
 FILICES. 
 
 Polypodium, L. 
 
 vulgare, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
73 
 
 Clieilanthes, Sw. 
 
 vestita, (Spreng.), Sw. 
 
 Pellaea, Link. 
 
 atropurpurea, (L.), Link, 
 gracilis, (Michx.), Hook. 
 
 Pteris, L. 
 
 aquilina, L. 
 
 var. caudata, (L.), Hook. 
 
 Adiantum, L. 
 
 pedatum, L. 
 
 Woodwardia, Smith. 
 
 areolata, (L.), Moore. ( W. angustifolia , Smith ) 
 Yirginica, (L.), Smith. 
 
 Asplenium, L. 
 
 acrostichoides, Sw. {A. thelypter aides, Michx.) 
 angustifolium, Michx. 
 
 Bradleyi, D. C. Eaton, 
 ebenoides, R. R. Scott. 
 
 Filix-foemina, (L.). Bernh. 
 
 var. laciniatum, Moore, 
 montanum, Willd. 
 pinnatifidum, (Muhl.), Nutt, 
 platyneuron, (L.) (A. ebeneum , Ait.) 
 
 var. serratum, (E. S. Miller). 
 
 Ruta-muraria, L 
 Trichomanes, L. 
 
 Camptosorus, Link. 
 
 rhizopliyllus, (L.), Link. 
 
 Phegopteris, Fee. 
 
 connectilis, (Michx.) {P. polyp odioides, Pee.) 
 
 Dryopteris, (L.), Fee. 
 liexagonoptera, (L.), Fee. 
 
 Aspidium, Sw. 
 
 acrostichoides, (Michx.), Sw. 
 
 var. Schweinitzii, (Beck.) {var. incisum , Gray.) 
 aculeatum, Sw., var. Braunii, (Spenner), Doell. 
 
 Boottii, Tuck. (A. spinulosum, Sw., var. Boottii , Gray.) 
 cristatum, (L.), Sw. 
 
 var. Clintonianum, D. C. Eaton. 
 
 Goldianum, Hook, 
 marginale, (L.), Sw. 
 
 Noveboracense, (L.), Sw. 
 

74 
 
 spinulosum, Sw. 
 
 var. dilatatum, (Sw.), Hook. 
 
 var. intermedium, (Willd.), D. C. Eaton. 
 
 Thelypteris, (L.), Sw. 
 
 Cystopteris, Bernh. 
 
 bulbifera, (L.), Bernli. 
 fragilis, (L.), Sw. 
 
 Onoclea, L. 
 
 sensibilis, L. 
 
 Struthiopteris, (L.), Hoffm. ( tStruthiopteris Germanica , Willd.) 
 
 Woodsia, R. Br. 
 
 Ilvensis, (L.), R. Br. 
 obtusa, (Spreng.), Torr. 
 
 Dicksonia, L’Her. 
 
 punctilobula, (Michx.), Gray. 
 
 Lygodium, Sw. 
 
 palmatum, (Bernh.), Sw. 
 
 Schizaea, Smith. 
 
 tortuosa, Pursh. (S. pusilla, Pursh.) 
 
 Osmunda, L. 
 
 cinnamomea, L. 
 
 Claytoniana, L. 
 regalis, L. 
 
 EQUISETACEiE. 
 
 Equisetum, L. 
 
 arvense, L. 
 
 var. serotinum, Meyer, 
 hiemale, L. 
 limosum, L. 
 littorale, Kuhlw. ? 
 sylvaticum, L. 
 
BALLAST PLANTS 
 
 Found in the Vicinity of New York and Philadelphia , and mainly 
 collected and identified by Hon. Addison Brown , I. C. 
 Martindale , C. F. Parker , C. E. Smith and 
 Isaac Burk. 
 
 RANUNCULACE2E. 
 
 Ranunculus arvensis, L. 
 
 Ranunculus Grsecus, Griseb. 
 
 Ranunculus lanuginosus, L. 
 
 Ranunculus parvulus, L. 
 
 Ranunculus Sardous, Crantz. 
 
 Ranunculus villosus, DC. 
 
 Delphinium Ajacis, Reichenb. 
 
 Delphinium divarieatum, Ledeb. 
 
 Delphinium peregrinum, L. 
 
 PAPAVERACEiE. 
 
 Papaver hybridum, L. 
 
 Papaver Rhceas, L. 
 
 Eschscholtzia Californica, Cham. 
 
 Hypecoum grandiflorum, Benth. 
 
 Fumaria capreolata, L. 
 
 Fumaria parviflora, Lam. 
 
 CRUCIFERS. 
 
 Nasturtium officinale, R. Br., var. microphyllum, Reichenb. 
 Alyssum incanum, R. Br. 
 
 Sisymbrium Irio, L. 
 
 Sisymbrium Loeselii, L. 
 
 Sisymbrium Pannonicum, Jacq. 
 
 Sisymbrium polyceratium, L. 
 
 Erysimum orientale, L. 
 
 Erysimum repandum, L. 
 
 Brassica Cheiranthus, Vill. 
 
 Brassica Monensis, Huds. 
 
 Brassica Napus, L. 
 
 Brassica oleracea, L. 
 
 Diplotaxis erucoides, DC. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'M tffiMi - 
 
 wm 
 
 aumun $ um * 
 
76 
 
 Diplotaxis muralis, DC. 
 
 Diplotaxis tenuifolia, DC. 
 
 Diplotaxis virgata, DC. 
 
 Lepidium graminifolium, L. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium, L. 
 
 Lepidium perfoliatum, L 
 Lepidium sativum, L. 
 
 Lepidium Smithii, Hook. 
 
 Iberis umbellata, L. 
 
 Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br. 
 
 Neslia paniculata, Desv. 
 
 Bunias 'orientalis, L. 
 
 Rapistrum rugosum, All. 
 
 Cakile maritima, Scop. 
 
 Raphanus maritimus, Smith. 
 
 CAPPARIDEiE. 
 
 Polanisia viscosa, DC. 
 
 RESEDACEiE. 
 
 Reseda alba, L. 
 
 Reseda lutea, L. 
 
 Reseda odorata, L. 
 
 Reseda Phyteuma, L. 
 
 YIOLARIEiE. 
 Ionidium parviflorum, Vent. 
 
 FRANKENIACE^. 
 Frankenia pulverulenta, L. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLE^E 
 
 Dianthus barbatus, L. 
 
 Gypsophila muralis, L. 
 
 Saponaria ocymoides, L. 
 
 Silene Anglica, L. 
 
 Silene conoidea, L. 
 
 Silene dichotoma, Elirh. 
 
 Silene Gallica, L. 
 
 Silene Italica, Pers. 
 
 Silene pendula, L. 
 
 Silene saponariaefolia, L. 
 
 Lychnis Chalcedonica, L. 
 
 Lychnis Flos-cuculi, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
n 
 
 Lychnis sylvestris, Schk. 
 
 Cerastium tetrandrum, Curtis. 
 
 Stellaria aquatica, Scop. 
 
 Sagina maritima, Smith. 
 
 Polycarpon tetraphyllum, L. 
 
 PORTULACEjE 
 
 Portulaca pilosa, L. 
 
 Portulaca splendens, L. 
 
 HYPERICINEiE. 
 Hypericum humifusum, L. 
 
 MALVACEAE. 
 
 Althaea hirsuta, L. 
 
 Malva arvensis, Presl. 
 
 Malva borealis, Wallm. 
 
 Malva Nicaeensis, All. 
 
 Malva parviflora, L. 
 
 Malvastrum spicatum, Gray. 
 
 Malvastrum tricuspidatum, Gray. 
 
 Sida angustifolia, Juss. 
 
 Sida carpinifolia, L. 
 
 Sida carpinifolia, L., var. brevicuspidata, Griseb. 
 Sida cordifolia, L. 
 
 Sida linifolia, Cav. 
 
 Sida rhombifolia, L. 
 
 Abutilon cordifolium, L. 
 
 Sphseralcea miniata, Cav. 
 
 Modiola multifida, Moench. 
 
 Pavonia hastata, Cav. 
 
 IJrena lobata, L. 
 
 Gossypium album, Ham. 
 
 Gossypium Barbadense, L. 
 
 STERCULIACEiE. 
 
 Waltheria Americana, L. 
 
 TILIACE^E. 
 
 Corchorus fascicularis, Lam. 
 
 Corchorus tridens, L. 
 
 Corchorus trilocularis, L. 
 
 LINEiE. 
 
 Linum angustifolium, Huds 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * um* 
 
 
78 
 
 Z YGOPHYLLEiE. 
 
 Tribulus terrestris, L. 
 
 Zygophyllum Fabago, L. 
 
 GERANIACE.E. 
 
 Geranium molle, L. 
 
 Geranium rotundifolium, L. 
 
 Erodium Ciconium, Willd. 
 
 Erodium gruinum, Willd. 
 
 Erodium malaclioides, Willd. 
 
 Erodium moschatum, L’Her. 
 
 SAPINDACE^l. 
 Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L. 
 
 LEGUMINOSiE. 
 
 Lupinus angustifolius, L. 
 
 Genista scoparia, Lam. 
 
 Ulex nanus, Forst. 
 
 Ononis antiquorum, L. 
 
 Ononis arvensis, L. 
 
 Ononis repens, L. 
 
 Ononis spinosa, L. 
 
 Trigonella Besseriana, L. 
 
 Trigonella cserulea, Ser. 
 
 Trigonella corniculata, L. 
 
 Trigonella Monspeliaca, L. 
 
 Trigonella ornithopoides, DC. 
 
 Trigonella polycerata, L. 
 
 Medicago apiculata, Willd. 
 
 Medicago ciliaris, Willd. 
 
 Medicago denticulata, Willd. 
 
 Medicago Echinus, Willd. 
 
 Medicago falcata, L. 
 
 Medicago flexuosa, Ten. 
 
 Medicago lappacea, Desr. 
 
 Medicago littoralis, Rohdl. 
 
 Medicago marginata, Willd. 
 
 Medicago minima, L. 
 
 Medicago muricata, All. 
 
 Medicago orbicularis, L. 
 
 Medicago pubescens, DC. 
 
 Medicago spinulosa, DC. 
 

 
 
 I 
 
 rr 
 
 mmm ® mm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medicago tribuloides, L. 
 Medicago turbinata, Willd. 
 Melilotus arvensis, Wallr. 
 Melilotus compacta, Salz. 
 Melilotus gracilis, DC. 
 Melilotus infesta, Guss. 
 Melilotus macrorhiza, Pers. 
 Melilotus messanensis, Desf. 
 Melilotus occidentalis, Nutt. 
 Melilotus parviflora, Desf. 
 Melilotus sulcata, Desf. 
 Trifolium angustifolium, L. 
 Trifolium Dalmaticum, Vis. 
 Trifolium elegans, Savi. 
 Trifolium fragiferum, L. 
 Trifolium lappaceum, L. 
 Trifolium maritimum, Huds. 
 Trifolium ochroleucum, L. 
 Trifolium resupinatum, L. 
 Trifolium scabrum, L. 
 Trifolium striatum, L. 
 Trifolium subterraneum, L. 
 Trifolium tomentosum, L. 
 Anthyllis vulneraria, L. 
 Dorycnium hirsutum, DC. 
 Lotus angustissimus, L. 
 Lotus corniculatus, L. 
 
 Lotus tenuifolius, Presl. 
 Psoralea bituminosa, L. 
 Sesbania Floridana, S. Wats. 
 Sesbania macrocarpa, Muhl. 
 Colutea arborescens, L. 
 Astragalus glycyphyllos, L. 
 Scorpiurus subvillosa, L. 
 Scorpiurus vermiculata, L. 
 Ornithopus compressus, L. 
 Ornithopus perpusillus, L. 
 Ornithopus scorpioides, L. 
 Coronilla Emerus, L. 
 Hippocrepis comosa, L. 
 Adesmia muricata, DC. 
 var. dentata, (DC.) 
 

 
 
80 
 
 Arackis hypogsea, Willd. 
 
 Vicia calcarata, Desf. 
 
 Vicia grandiflora, Scop. 
 
 Vicia kybrida, L. 
 
 Vicia lutea, L. 
 
 Vicia micrantha, Nutt. 
 
 Vicia Narbonensis, L. 
 
 Vicia peregrina, L. 
 
 Ervum Lens, L. 
 
 Latkyrus Apkaca, L. 
 
 Latkyrus ockrus, DC. 
 
 Latkyrus sativus, L. 
 
 Pisum sativum, L. 
 
 Vigna glabra, Savi. 
 
 Vigna luteola, Bentk. 
 
 Bkynckosia minima, DC. 
 
 Cassia occidentalis, L. 
 
 Desmantkus brackylobus, Bentk. 
 
 KOSACEiE. 
 
 Bubus fruticosus, L. 
 
 Bubus glandulosus, Bell. 
 
 Potentilla reptans, L. 
 
 Alckemilla arvensis, Scop. 
 
 ONAGBABIEtE. 
 
 Epilobium kirsutum, L. 
 
 Epilobium parviflorum, Sckreb. 
 
 Epilobium pubescens, Botk. 
 
 Jussisea leptocarpa, Nutt. 
 
 Gaura sinuata, Nutt. 
 
 CUCUBBIT ACEiE. 
 
 Ecbalium agreste, Bick. 
 
 FICOIDE^l. 
 
 Mesembryantkemum crystallinum, L. 
 Mesembryantkemum nodosum, L. 
 Triantkema monogynum, L. 
 
 Mollugo Cerviana, Ser. 
 
 UMBELLIFEBiE. 
 
 Eryngium campestre, L. 
 
 Eryngium maritimum, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bupleurum protractum, Link. 
 Apium divaricatum, S. Wats. 
 Apium graveolens, L. 
 
 Apium leptophyllum, F. Muell. 
 Apium Petroselinum, L. 
 
 Apium repens, Reichenb. 
 
 Ammi majus, L. 
 
 Ammi Yisnaga, L. 
 
 Chgerophyllum sylvestre, L. 
 Chserophyllum temulum, L. 
 Scandix Pecten-Veneris, L. 
 (Enanthe Phellandrium, Lam. 
 Peucedanum graveolens, S. Wats. 
 Heracleum Spondylium, L. 
 Coriandrum sativum, L. 
 
 Bifora radians, Bieb. 
 
 Daucus Broteri, Ten. 
 
 Caucalis Helvetica, Jacq. 
 
 Caucalis infesta, Curtis. 
 
 Caucalis latifolia, L. 
 
 Caucalis nodosa, Scop. 
 
 CAPRIF0LIACE2E. 
 
 Sambucus Ebulus, L. 
 
 RUBIACEiE. 
 
 Richardsonia scabra, St. Hil. 
 
 Galium palustre, L. 
 
 Galium Parisiense, L. 
 
 Galium tricorne, With. 
 
 Asperula arvensis, L. 
 
 Sherardia arvensis, L. 
 
 VALERIANEiE. 
 Yalerianella carinata, Loisel. 
 
 Yalerianella dentata, Koch. 
 
 Yalerianella Morisonii, DC. 
 
 DIPSACE2E. 
 
 Scabiosa stellata, L. 
 
 CALYCERE2E. 
 Calycera balsamitsefolia, Rich. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
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 • mmsm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
82 
 
 COMPOSITE. 
 
 Ageratum conyzoides, L. 
 
 Eupatorium cannabinum, L. 
 
 Mikania gonoclada, DC. 
 
 Grindelia glutinosa, Dun. 
 
 Heterotheca subaxillaris, (Lam.), Britton & Busby. 
 Solidago tortifolia, Ell. 
 
 Beilis perennis, L. 
 
 Aster oblongifolius, Nutt. 
 
 Aster Tripolium, L. 
 
 Erigeron acris, L. 
 
 Erigeron divaricatus, Michx. 
 
 Erigeron linifolius, Willd. 
 
 Conyza albida, Less. 
 
 Baccharis Douglasii, DC. 
 
 Filago arvensis, L. 
 
 Filago minima, Fries. 
 
 Gnaphalium luteo-album, L. 
 
 Gnaphalium palustre, Nutt. 
 
 Inula dysenterica, L. 
 
 Inula Pulicaria, L. 
 
 Inula viscosa, Desf. 
 
 Buphthalmum salicifolium, L. 
 
 Acanthospermum hispidum, DC. 
 
 Acanthospermum humile, DC. 
 
 Acanthospermum xanthioides, DC. 
 
 Parthenium Hysterophorus, L. 
 
 Ambrosia psilostachya, DC. 
 
 Heliopsis buphthalmoides, Dun. 
 
 Helianthus petiolaris, Nutt. 
 
 Melanthera deltoidea, Michx. 
 
 Spilanthes repens, Michx. 
 
 Guizotia oleifera, DC. 
 
 Bidens leucantha, Willd. 
 
 Bidens tripartita, L. 
 
 Hemizonia fasciculata, T. & G., var. ramosissima, Gray. 
 Hemizonia pungens, T. & G. 
 
 Flaveria Contrayerba, Pers. 
 
 Helenium quadridentatum, Labill. 
 
 Anacyclus tomentosus, L. 
 
 Achillea Ptarmica, L. 
 
 Achillea rosea, Desf. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
83 
 
 Anthemis mixta, L. 
 
 Anthemis secundiramea, Biron. 
 
 Chrysanthemum coronarium, L. 
 
 Chrysanthemum segetum, L. 
 
 Matricaria discoidea, DC. 
 
 Matricaria inaritima, L. 
 
 Artemisia Dracunculus, L. 
 
 Cenia turbinata, Pers. 
 
 Senecio chrysanthemifolius, Poir. 
 
 Senecio erucsefolius, L. 
 
 Senecio Jacobseus, L. 
 
 Senecio sylvaticus, L. 
 
 Senecio viscosus, L. 
 
 Calendula arvensis, L. 
 
 Calendula officinalis, L. 
 
 Carduus acanthoides, L. 
 
 Carduus crispus. L. 
 
 Carduus Marianus, L. 
 
 Carduus multiflorus, Gaud. 
 
 Carduus pycnocephalus, L. 
 
 Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm., var. integrifolia, (Koch.) 
 Silybum Marianum, Gfertn. 
 
 Serratula tinctoria. L. 
 
 Centaurea aspera, L. 
 
 Centaurea Austriaca, Willd. 
 
 Centaurea Jacea, L. 
 
 Centaurea paniculata, L. 
 
 Centaurea Phrygia, L. 
 
 Centaurea Scabiosa, L. 
 
 Centaurea solstitialis, L. 
 
 Centaurea tenuifolia, Dufour. 
 
 Carthamus lanatus, L. 
 
 Scolymus Hispanicus, L. 
 
 Cichorium divaricatum, Schreb. 
 
 Cichorium Endivia, L. 
 
 Arnoseris pusilla, Gsertn. 
 
 Picris echioides, L. 
 
 Picris hieracioides, L. 
 
 Picris hispida, All. 
 
 Hieracium prenanthoides, Vill. 
 
 Hieracium umbellatum, L. 
 
 Hypochseris glabra, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 :! U« 
 
 If 
 
84 
 
 Hypochseris radicata, L. 
 
 Leontodon hirtus, L. 
 
 Leontodon hispidus, L. 
 
 Leontodon pratensis, Koch. 
 
 Sonchus tenerrimus, L. 
 
 CAMPANULACEiE. 
 
 Jasione montana, L. 
 
 Wahlenbergia linarioides, DC. 
 
 Campanula urticsefolia, Schmid. 
 
 Specularia hybrida, DC. 
 
 Specularia Speculum, DC. 
 
 PLUMBAGINE.E. 
 Armeria maritima, Willd. 
 
 PRIMULACEJE. 
 
 Anagallis cserulea, Smith. 
 
 ASCLEPIADEiE. 
 Philibertia gracilis, D. Don. 
 
 POLEMONIACEjE. 
 Gilia achillesefolia, Benth. 
 
 Gilia capitata, Dougl. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLACEiE. 
 
 Nama Jamaicense, L. 
 
 BORRAGINEiE. 
 
 Tournefortia heliotropioides, Hook. 
 Heliotropium anchussefolium, Poir. 
 Heliotropium Curassavicum, L. 
 
 Heliotropium Indicum, L. 
 
 Heliotropium Peruvianum, Don. 
 
 Heliotropium supinum, L. 
 
 Echinospermum Redowskii, Lehm. 
 
 Amsinckia intermedia, Fisch & Mey. 
 
 Amsinckia supina, L. 
 
 Borrago officinalis, L. 
 
 Anchusa leptophylla, Roem. & Schult. 
 
 Anchusa officinalis, Don. 
 
 Nonnea nigricans, DC. 
 
 Myosotis collina, Hoffm. 
 
 Myosotis versicolor, Pers. 
 
 Echium pustulatum, Sibth. 
 
 Echium violaceum, L. 
 
85 
 
 CONVOLVULACEiE. 
 
 Ipomoea acetosge folia, Yahl. 
 
 Ipomcea commutata, Koem. & Schult. 
 
 Ipomoea hederacea, Jacq., var. integriuscula, Gray. 
 Ipomoea lacunosa, L. 
 
 Ipomoea littoralis, Choisy. 
 
 Ipomoea sinuata, Ort. 
 
 Ipomoea tamnifolia, L. 
 
 Convolvulus pentapetaloides, L. 
 
 Convolvulus tricolor, L. 
 
 Dicliondra repens, Forst. 
 
 SOLANACE.E. 
 
 Solanum Balbisii, Dun. 
 
 Solanum elseagnifolium, Cav. 
 
 Solanum gracile, Link. 
 
 Solanum mammosum, L. 
 
 Solanum miniatum, Bernk. 
 
 Solanum nigrum, L., var. Dillenii, Gray. 
 
 Solanum nigrum, L., var. nudiflorum, Gray. 
 Solanum nigrum, L., var. villosum, Mill. 
 
 Solanum sisymbriifolium, Lam. 
 
 Physalis Peruviana, Nees. 
 
 Atropa Belladonna, L. 
 
 Datura Metel, L. 
 
 Hyoscyamus albus, L. 
 
 Nicotiana glauca, Grah. 
 
 Nicotiana longiflora, Cav. 
 
 Petunia parviflora, Juss. 
 
 Petunia violacea, Hook. 
 
 SCKOPHULABINEiE. 
 
 Verbascum nigrum, L. 
 
 Verbascum orientale, Bieb. 
 
 Verbascum phlomoides, L. 
 
 Verbascum pulverulentum, Vill. 
 
 Verbascum ramigerum, Link. 
 
 Verbascum sinuatum, L. 
 
 Verbascum virgatum, With. 
 
 Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. 
 
 Lin aria minor, Desf. 
 
 Linaria repens, Steud. 
 
 Li oari a spuria, Mill. 
 

 
 
86 
 
 Linaria striata, DC. 
 
 Linaria supina, Desf. 
 
 Antirrhinum majus, L. 
 
 Antirrhinum Orontium, L. 
 
 Scrophularia aquatica, L. 
 
 Scrophularia canina, L. 
 
 Scrophularia Hoppei, Koch. 
 
 Herpes tis Monniera, HBK. 
 
 Scoparia flava, Cham. & Sch. 
 
 Digitalis lutea, L. 
 
 Veronica Beccabunga, L. 
 
 Veronica Cymbalaria, Bertol. 
 
 OBOBANCHACE2E. 
 Orobanche minor, L., var. flavescens, DC. 
 
 PEDALINEiE. 
 
 Sesamum Indicum, L. 
 
 VEBBENACEiE. 
 
 Lippia nodiflora, Michx. 
 
 Verbena Bonariensis, L. 
 
 Verbena littoralis, HBK. 
 
 LABIATJE. 
 
 Mentha Pulegium, L. 
 
 Satureia montana, L. 
 
 Calamintha officinalis, Moench. 
 
 Salvia Verbenaca, L. 
 
 Brunella laciniata, L. 
 
 Stachys annua, L. 
 
 Staehys hirta, L. 
 
 Stachys recta, L. 
 
 Stachys sylvatica, L. 
 
 Galeopsis angustifolia, Ehrh. 
 
 Galeopsis versicolor, Curtis. 
 
 Galeopsis villosa, Huds. 
 
 Leonurus glaucescens, Bunge. 
 
 Teucrium Scordium, L. 
 
 Ajuga Chamsepitys, Schreb. 
 
 Ajuga Genevensis, L. 
 
 PLANTAGINE2E. 
 
 Plantago Coronopus, L. 
 
 Plantago Lagopus, L. 
 
 Plantago heterophylla, Nutt. 
 
 Plantago hirtella, HBK. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
87 
 
 ILLECEBRACEiE. 
 
 Corrigiola littoralis, L. 
 
 Herniaria glabra, L. 
 
 Herniaria hirsuta, L. 
 
 AMARANTACEiE. 
 
 Celosia cristata, L. 
 
 Amarantus blitoides, S. Wats. 
 
 Amarantus crispus, L. 
 
 Amarantus deflexus, L. 
 
 Amarantus polygonoides, L. 
 
 Amarantus sanguineus, L. 
 
 Alternanthera Achyrantha, R. Br. 
 
 Cladothrix lanuginosa, Moq. 
 
 Gomphrena globosa, L. 
 
 CHENOPODIACEiE. 
 Chenopodium obovatum, DC. 
 
 Chenopodium polyspermum, L. 
 
 Chenopodium Yulvaria, L. 
 
 Beta maritima, L. 
 
 Beta trigyna, L. 
 
 Atriplex congesta, Moq. 
 
 Atriplex hortensis, L. 
 
 Atriplex laciniata, L. 
 
 Polycnemon arvensis, L. 
 
 Kochia scoparia, Schrad. 
 
 POLYGONACEiE. 
 Polygonum hernarioides, Del. 
 
 Polygonum lapathifolium, L. 
 
 var. incanum, Gray. 
 
 Polygonum minus, Huds. 
 
 Rumex aquaticus, L. 
 
 Rumex conglomeratus, Miers. 
 
 Rumex pulcher, L. 
 
 Rumex sanguineus, L. 
 
 Emex spinosa, Camb. 
 
 EUPHORBIACEiE. 
 
 Euphorbia Esula, L. 
 
 Euphorbia exigua, L. 
 
 Euphorbia hiberna, L. 
 
 Euphorbia humistrata, Engelm. 
 
88 
 
 Euphorbia Peplis, L. 
 
 Euphorbia Peplus, L. 
 
 Euphorbia platyphylla, L. 
 
 Euphorbia segetalis, L. 
 
 Euphorbia serpens, HBK. 
 
 Phyllanthus polygonoides, Spreng. 
 
 Croton glandulosus, L. 
 
 Croton maritimus, Walt. 
 
 Mercurialis annua, L. 
 
 Acalypha Poiretii, Spreng. 
 
 Ricinus communis, L. 
 
 URTICACE^E. 
 
 Parietaria debilis, Forst. 
 
 Parietaria diffusa, Mert. & Koch. 
 Parietaria officinalis, L. 
 
 IRIDE^E. 
 
 Iris Pseudacorus, L. 
 
 LILIACE2E. 
 
 Asphodelus ramosus, L. 
 
 CYPERACEiE. 
 
 Cyperus echinatus, (Ell.), Britton. 
 
 Cyperus flavo-mariscus, Griseb. 
 
 Cyperus fuscus, L. 
 
 Cyperus Lecontei, Torr. 
 
 Cyperus Surinamensis, Rottb. 
 
 Cyperus umbellatus, Yahl. 
 
 Fimbristylis miliacea, Yahl. 
 
 Scirpus affinis, Roth. 
 
 Scirpus glaucus, L. 
 
 Scirpus Holoschoenus, L. 
 
 Scirpus setaceus, L. 
 
 Carex Davalliana, Lam. 
 
 Carex distans, L. 
 
 Carex hirta, L. 
 
 Carex muricata, L. 
 
 Carex ornithopoda, With. 
 
 GRAMINEiE. 
 
 Paspalum ciliatifolium, Michx. 
 
 Paspalum distichum, L. 
 
 Paspalum notatum, Fluegg. 
 
 Paspalum plicatulum, Michx. 
 

 
 
 
 
89 
 
 Paspalum purpurascens, Ell. 
 
 Paspalum scrobiculatum, L. 
 
 Paspalum undulatum, Poir. 
 
 Paspalum vaginatum, Sw. 
 
 Panicum colonum, L. 
 
 Panicum prostratum, Lam. 
 
 Setaria composita, HBK. 
 
 Setaria setosa, Beauv. 
 
 Tragus racemosus, Hall. 
 
 Andropogon Halapensis, Sibth. 
 
 Andropogon Ischaemon, L. 
 
 Phalaris intermedia, Bose. 
 
 Phalaris paradoxa, L. 
 
 Hierochloa australis, Roem. & Schult. 
 
 Alopecurus agrestis, L. 
 
 Alopecurus bulbosus, L. 
 
 Alopecurus Creticus, Trin. 
 
 Phleum arenarium, L. 
 
 Phleum asperum, Yill. 
 
 Phleum Boehmeri, Wibel. 
 
 Phleum tenue, Schrad. 
 
 Sporobolus cryptandrus, Gray. 
 
 Sporobolus Indicus, R. Br. 
 
 Agrostis verticillata, Yill. 
 
 Apera Spica-venti, Beauv. 
 
 Corynephorus canescens, Beauv. 
 
 Holcus mollis, L. 
 
 Avena fatua, L. 
 
 Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. 
 
 Chloris petraea, Sw. 
 
 Eleusine -ZEgyptiaca, Pers. 
 
 Eleusine Coracana, Pers. 
 
 Eleusine Indica, Gsertn., var. brachystachya, Trin. 
 Eleusine rigida, Spreng. 
 
 Leptochloa filiformis, Roem. & Schult. 
 
 Leptochloa mucronata, Kunth. 
 
 Leptochloa virgata, Beauv. 
 
 Koeleria phleoides, Pers. 
 
 Molinia caerulea, Moench. 
 
 Eragrostis Brownei, Nees. 
 
 Briza minor, L. 
 

 
 
 
 
00 
 
 Glyceria festucseformis, Heynh. 
 
 Glyceria procumbens, Curtis. 
 
 Festuca ciliata, DC. 
 
 Festuca spectabilis, Jan. 
 
 Bromus arvensis, L. 
 
 Bromus pratensis, Lam. 
 
 Bromus multiflorus, Smith. 
 
 Bromus rubens, L. 
 
 Bromus squarrosus, L. 
 
 Lolium multiflorum, Lam. 
 
 Lolium rigidum, Gaud. 
 
 Lolium temulentum, L. 
 
 Lepturus incurvatus, Trin. 
 
 Hordeum murinum, L. 
 
 EQUISETACE2E. 
 Equisetum variegatum, Schlecht.