s 14.GS: CIR 238 Co i \j6Cfl. Sur^ STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION VERA M. BINKS, Direcfor MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1956 W. L. Busch W. H. Voskuil ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY DIVISION OF THE ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN C. FRYE, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR 238 1957 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/mineralproductio238busc MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1956 CONTENTS TABLES Illinois mineral industry 3 1 Summary of Illinois mineral pro- duction 5 2 Coal industry o Domestic coal developments 8 3 Foreign markets for coal 8 Coal in Illinois 12 4, Coke industry 14 Petroleum industry 15 5, Domestic production 17 Imports 18 6, Illinois production 18 Reserves of petroleum and 7 . natural gas in Illinois 20 Industrial minerals 22 8, Cement 22 Limestone and dolomite 22 Agricultural limestone 22 9, Clay products 23 Special sands 24 10, Fluorspar and metals 25 Fluorspar 25 11. Uses of fluorspar 25 Lead and zinc 26 Directory of Illinois industrial minerals producers 27 12, Limestone and dolomite 27 Clay and clay products 30 Sand and gravel 31 13, Portland and masonry cement 35 Lirne 35 14, Silica sand 35 Natural bonded molding sand 36 15, Tripoli and ganister 36 FIGURES 16, Summary chart 5 17, Coal (maps) 8, 13 Petroleum (graph, maps) 14, 15, 16 Summary of Illinois mineral production, 1955-1956 4 Value of Illinois mineral pro- duction, 1915-1956 6 Average prices of Illinois min- eral products , 1941-1955 7 Illinois coal production by counties, 19 5 6 9 Coal production by Illinois counties, 1882-1956 10 National production of bi- tuminous coal, 1953-1956 12 Illinois well completions and production, 1936-1956 17 Illinois fields producing over one million barrels of oil during 19 5 6 18 Estimated oil production by Illinois counties, 1955 19 National production of crude oil, 1953-1956 20 Estimates of proved oil re- serves in states serving the Illinois area, 1954- 1957 21 Estimates of natural gas re- serves in Illinois and other states, 1954-1957 21 Illinois limestone and dolo- mite production, 1955-19 56 23 Illinois clay products , 1955- 1956 23 Special sands in Illinois , 1955-1956 24 Illinois sand and gravel pro- duction, 1955-1956 24 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States and imports, 1955 25 2] ■S5» MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1956 W. L. Busch and W. H. Voskuil ABSTRACT The annual report of mineral production in Illinois summarizes the output and value of Illinois mineral products . Total value of the minerals produced in 19 5 6 reached an all-time high of $606,798 ,000. The minerals include coal, petroleum, natural gas, stone, silica sand, gravel, fluorspar, and metals. Brief economic analyses of the mineral industries are accompanied by maps and tables. A directory of Illinois industrial minerals producers who reported recent produc- tion is included. ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY The variety and quantity of minerals produced in Illinois have provided the basis for a mineral industry that has grown in annual value over the years from less than 300 million dollars in 1940, just before World War II, to more than 600 million dollars in 195 6. Coal and oil, the two leading minerals in value, supply power and fuel for manufacturing, for transportation, and for mechanical power in such fields as agriculture. An abundance of sand, gravel, stone, and cement-making materials supplies the construction industries. Minerals for special purposes, such as refractory clays and clays for pottery making, silica sand for glass and other specialized industries, are produced in important quantities. Illinois also is the leading producer of fluorspar, a mineral important in the steel, chemical, and ceramics industries. Nevertheless, Illinois does not have within its borders all the minerals and ores needed to support the wide variety of important manufacturing enter- prises present in the state. In fact, iron ore is lacking. In spite of this lack, Illinois has become an advantageous site for manufacturing industries because assembling of mineral raw materials from widely scattered sources is most ec- onomically effected here. For instance , we have a large primary iron and steel industry in the Chi- cago area and a smaller one in Granite City. The ores of iron come mainly from the Lake Superior district, and the special types of coking coal to smelt the ores comes principally from West Virginia and eastern Kentucky, although Illinois is supplying increasing amounts of selected coal for coking purposes. The use of Illinois coal in the production of metallurgical coke for the iron and steel indus- try is just getting under way. To people unacquainted with the mineral resources that lie below the soil, Illinois appears to be simply an agricultural state, and indeed it is one of the richest farming regions of the world. The combined agricultural and mineral re- sources give Illinois a well balanced economy. [3] ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY nO (0 in o i—t i in iT) O C O •H P o T> O U P < c H (0 3 00 X! a) H cr u> > p < c m p CO CM CM CO co on in o >> in o p in CJ •H w\ »* P • — 1 ■—< c ■-H m 10 r~ •—< 3 ■% #* cy in ^H ■tf CO <1> T> 3 P. u o CN o in oo 00 -I OJ in o o o o o o o r- CM o o O o o o o o o o o O o o o •M- o O o o in r- o o vn o in o 00 o OJ 00 O o o r» o o o CM o o o ■t o rN \D O CO in 00 vO nO in oo p in o •—I co r- CM o oo .—i —1 <* m- in oo o r- CM o i-H 00 o oo in IT) o 00 CM o\ if) •tf 00 r- CN CM nO f- in o o vO o •-* 00 vn .—1 -o 0> ■* CM CM in •-K o —1 CM nO «#> m o O o o O o O o o #s *» *\ o o in If) in *^- r- ^ nO CM o CM O o ( > ( ) o o If) o vO m iH CM o o o in CM CM vO CM vO nO r- r- in CD rr. oo CM o o nO CM O 00 in o o CO CT< CM in o On o o O in o in in in in in O O CM 00 in ON oo O o CM oo NO oo r- r~ r- o •—i 00 ON CM 00 O CM in .-i nO r- .— I CM "3- CM r-t r- oo ^r co O On •-\ NO in Nf) o CM co 00 ■nT CM oo C 5 *—{ O CM 00 ■-* in on ON CO 00 CO If) in CO t- CM 00 o •* oo ON ON t- CO oo 00 nO r- o NO ON in ON ■* in 00 o r- in ■-H o ^n 00 CM CM in r— 1 r- ^H CM in y=> te o 00 NO o o CM oo o on oo O ^H o o -43 o UJ O o r~ in C) r- nO 00 oo nO nO -i 'M- 00 c o p M U) U) C c c • o o o N p ■p -p o (TJ Ol (0 O) O) e <— i o M P d> a ai (V cr z -J u U) +» u 3 TJ O a >- (0 O <1> > (0 H to XI c CO o a> a oo M a co M O 3 O 3 T3 O a x> c CO 0) OJ c s c OJ e to Q. OJ a +H CL) o B 3 3 ro 0) a> (-i i-i 3 ro 'XI o •H • ON CO o • CO • a d) :=> a B Oi jC a> •H p ro cm >.p XI U) p CO CO ro a> • rH F • M o •H c p c P o CTN ■rH CO • H • •M ^H dj CO l/> M-. ■—( • H (I e o OJ 3 o 0) H m M £ >- M-i p M ro o p T) T1 C T> a> C ■r-l -»-> 0) —i ro e o U) •r-l • H (1) •r-t a ^-1 ■n > B Ol CO 0) 8 £ U, N a> * (0 xi o ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 1956 VALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION $606,798,000 Percentage contributions by the various segments of the Illinois Mineral Industry Fig. 1.- Value of Illinois mineral production in 1956. SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION Value of Illinois mineral production in 195 6 rose to $606,79 8,000, high- est in the state's history and an increase of more than six percent over the 1955 value. The variety of minerals produced In Illinois and their quantities and values for the years 1955 and 1956 are shown in table 1. Although the total value for 1955 was close to the 600 million dollar mark, 1956 is the first year that the total value of Illinois minerals reached the 600 million dollar per year category. Table 2 shows the history of the annual values of Illinois mineral produc- tion from the year 1915 through 195 6, and table 3 shows the recent history of average prices for various individual commodities. The first mineral in value of output for the year 195 6 is petroleum and its associated hydrocarbon liquids and gases. Petroleum production in Illinois is beginning to show substantially the effects of secondary recovery practices. Since 1951 secondary recovery operations have increased in number and have contributed enough oil to the oil production of the state to more than offset the natural decline from the original drillings. Coal has dropped to second place in value in Illinois, although for many years coal held first place among various minerals produced in this state. The coal mines of Illinois, at one time important suppliers to railroads in the Middle West, suffered a severe loss of market when railroads installed diesel locomo- tives. The recovery of coal output in 1955 and 195 6, following a decline of several years, is explained in part by an increasing population and the accom- panying increase in demand for electric power, manufactured goods, and a high output of primary steel. ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 2. - Value of Illinois Mineral Production, 1915-1956 3 (thousands of dollars) Mineral Year production 1930 $148,311 1931 108,066 1932 71,693 1933 74,837 1934 89,212 1935 96,484 1936 117,916 1937 133,437 1938 130,155 1939 215,157 1940 287,327 1941 333,225 1942 341,835 1943 337,912 1944 342,832 Mineral Year production 1945 $344,267 1946 379,673 1947 458,734 1948 567,624 1949 487,808 1950 539,236 1951 542,031 1952 500,820 1953 501,926 1954 519,242* 1955 570,653* 1956 606,798 Revised figure. Compiled from figures by the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the Illinois State Geological Survey. Preliminary figure. Illinois is the nation's leading producer of fluorspar, a mineral used in the steel industry, in ceramics, in acid manufacture, and in the production of organic chemicals. The use of fluorspar as a fluxing agent to supplement or replace natural cryolite in the aluminum reduction industry is increasing and fluorspar producers seem assured of continued outlets for their product. Continued residential and commercial construction, plus a highway build- ing program, sustained demand for sand, gravel, stone, and clay products dur- ing 19 5 6. Illinois limestone is also in demand for agstone and for use in the chemical and metallurgical industries. Mineral Year production 1915 $114,446 1916 146,360 1917 234,736 1918 271,244 1919 213,701 1920 373,926 1921 254,019 1922 244,618 1923 282,761 1924 235,796 1925 231,658 1926 237,242 1927 180,394 1928 188,099 1929 182,791 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 Table 3. - Average Pr ices of Illinois Mineral Products Crude Limestone Year Coal oil dolomite Cement Lime (ton) (bbl.) (ton) (bbl.) (ton) 1941 $1.81 $1.30 $ .91 $1.46 $6.99 1942 1.91 1.36 .93 1.45 7.21 1943 2.13 1.37 .93 1.55 7.58 1944 2.23 1.39 1.00 1.55 7.78 1945 2.34 1.40 1.02 1.70 7.75 1946 2.61 1.59 1.08 1.76 8.45 1947 3.15 2.10 1.17 1.88 9.15 1948 3.88 2.77 1.26 2.04 10.60 1949 4.04 2.77 1.23 2.11 11.58 1950 4.05 2.77 1.21 2.19 12.15 1951 4.07 2.77 1.20 2.40 12.70 1952 4.10 2.77 1.27 2.40 12.84 1953 3.95 2.91 1.24 2.54 13.44 1954 3.82 3.00 1.27 2.57 13.95 1955 3.66 2.93 1.22 2.66 14.62 Year Sand Gravel Fluorspar Zinc Lead (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) 1941 $ .45 $ .46 $22.85 $150.00 $114.00 1942 .48 .52 26.59 186.00 134.00 1943 .50 .49 31.66 216.00 150.00 1944 .49 .49 33.79 228.00 160.00 1945 .49 .49 34.06 230.00 172.00 1946 .59 .57 35.55 244.00 218.00 1947 .69 .58 36.78 242.00 290.00 1948 .72 .65 36.64 266.00 358.00 1949 .74 .65 38.23 248.00 316.00 1950 .74 .68 39.52 278.00 266.00 1951 .74 .75 45.49 364.00 346.00 1952 .72 .71 50.35 332.00 322.00 1953 .74 .76 52.46 218.00 266.00 1954 .73 .78 55.54 216.00 274.00 1955 .77 .85 47.12 246.00 298.00 Silica sand (ton) $1.37 1.31 1.38 1.39 1.45 1.51 1.72 1.91 2.08 2.13 2.28 2.30 2.38 3.07 2.84 Silver (oz.) $ .71 .71 .71 .71 .71 .808 .905 .905 .905 .905 .905 .905 .905 .905 .905 a Subject to revision. ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GOAL INDUSTRY Domestic Goal Developments The coal Industry In the United States produced an estimated 500 million tons in 1956 compared with 464.6 million tons for 1955 (table 6), an increase of about 8 percent. The producing states east of the Mississippi River, as a group, scored increases for the years 1954 and 1955 slightly above the national average in- creases while the coal producing states west of the Mississippi River, as a group, fell below the national average increases. However, 90 percent of the nation's bituminous coal is pro- duced east of the Mississippi River (fig. 2). Not all of the eastern pro- ducing states, however, shared alike the increased output. A development of considerable importance in the coal industry is the tendency of coal-consuming industries and coal production to locate on, or as near as possible to, inland waterways. This has been especially significant on the Ohio River in Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The effect is already seen in the increased output of coal from these states, and further industrial expansion is anticipated for these areas. Loading docks in Illinois for the transfer of coal from rail or truck to barge are located at Rock Island and Alton on the Mississippi River, at Peoria and Liverpool on the Illinois Waterway, and at Shawneetown and Joppa on the Ohio River. A new development for the transportation of coal is the construction of a coal pipeline between Cadiz and Eastlake, Ohio, a distance of 110 miles. Crushed coal of controlled size, mixed with water to form a slurry, is pumped into the line at Cadiz and moved at the rate of 150 tons an hour to an electric power plant at Eastlake. At the receiving end the coal is dried and sent direct- ly to the boilers. This method of transportation, if completely successful, is ideally suited for one -customer service. Fig. 2.- States that produced 90 percent of the nation's bituminous coal, 195 6. Foreign Markets for Coal All the nations of western Europe have expanded their industrial produc- tion in varying degrees during 1955 and 195 6, and the demand for coal has ex- ceeded supplies from the major coal-producing countries - West Germany and Great Britain. Europe's third largest coal producer, Poland, has not supplied much coal to west European nations because its surplus output has been taken largely by the Soviet Union. Although a part of the increased fuel requirements needed for Europe's increased industrial output has been filled by oil from the Persian Gulf area, the requirements for metallurgical fuel could be met only with coal. A large portion of coal exported from the United States has been of the coking grade. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 Table 4. - Illinois Coal Production by Counties, 1956 c Number of mines Tons mined Total tons Total" County Underground Strip value Bureau Christian CI inton Douglas Frankl in 1 2 2 1 4 5,725,068 107,379 386,915 4,745,077 777,235 5 4 777,235 ,725,068 107,379 386,915 ,745,077 $ 3,124,485 23,014,773 431,664 1,555,398 19,075,210 Fulton Gallatin Greene Hancock Henry 24 13 1 1 3 66,420 109,861 88,852 5 ,298,457 135,981 6,308 28,690 5 ,364,877 245,842 6,308 28,690 88,852 21,566,805 988,285 25,358 115,334 357,185 Jackson Jefferson Johnson Kankakee Knox 7 1 1 1 4 663,521 2,654,179 1 591,153 1,895 839,066 ,661,150 1 2 1 ,254,674 ,654,179 1,895 839,066° ,661,150 5,043,789 10,669,800 7,618 3,373,045 6,677,823 LaSalle Livingston Logan Macoupin Madison 5 2 1 2 4 13,602 250,293 1,153,268 5,134 3,434 1 5,134 3,434 13,602 250,293 ,153,268 20,639 13,805 54,680 1,006,178 4,636,137 Marion Menard Montgomery Peoria Perry 1 3 1 13 8 54,303 14,747 1,678,543 32,024 1,167,399 2 393,632 ,658,984 1 3 54,303 14,747 ,678,543 425,656 ,826,383 218,298 59,283 6,747,743 1,711,137 15,382,060 Randolph St. Clair Saline Sangamon Schuyler 5 11 16 2 4 934,812 2,355,957 1,724,016 109,205 12,280 1 1 1 ,150,316 ,616,061 ,092,129 7,574 2 3 2 ,085,128 ,972,018 ,816,145 109,205 19,854 8,382,215 15,967,512 11,320,903 439,004 79,813 Tazewell Vermil ion Washington Will Williamson 1 8 2 1 36 192 2,175 65,176 25,315 4,004,799 28,145,186 2 19 930,447 155,154 ,306,054 ,658,854 6 47 2,175 995,623 25,315 155,154 ,310,853 ,804,040 8,743 4,002,404 101,766 623,719 25,369,629 Total $192,172,240 a Source: Production figures, Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, b Average value for Illinois coal, f.o.b. mine, estimated at $4.02 per ton, 1956. c Includes 217,991 tons mined in Grundy County. 10 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 5. - Coal Production by Illinois Counties, 1 882-1 956 c Total Total years Last yei County production of of (in tons) production product: Adams 46,186 15 1942 Bond 7,355,569 57 1942 Brown 57,324 34 1950 Bureau 50,544,690 72 1956 Calhoun 96,247 27 1912 Cass 212,477 53 1941 Christian 222,650,258 72 1956 Clark 4,482 2 1955 CI inton 38,475,369 75 1956 Coles 198,932 6 1888 Crawford 44,786 13 1942 Douglas 1,860,123 11 1956 Edgar 915,698 41 1952 Effingham 796 1 1890 Franklin 476,705,849 58 1956 Fulton 184,948,510 75 1956 Gallatin 5,133,425 72 1956 Greene 639,363 73 1956 Grundy 40,656,799 75 1956 Hamilton 22,097 16 1905 Hancock 698,764 70 1956 Hardin 40 1 1890 Henry 22,019,761 75 1956 Jackson 84,435,668 75 1956 Jasper 23,739 11 1939 Jefferson 15,899,289 53 1956 Jersey 120,350 59 1951 Johnson 244,004 52 1956 Kankakee 6,881,677 37 1956 Knox 30,849,675 75 1956 LaSalle 65,525,559 75 1956 Livingston 10,106,940 75 1956 Logan 14,275,380 72 1956 Macon 11,000,468 65 1947 Macoupin 261,557,584 75 1956 Mc Do no ugh 2,634,903 69 1951 McLean 5,544,139 47 1928 Madison 159,561,895 75 1956 Marion 39,066,856 75 1956 Marshall 12,516,141 Illinois Departmen' 70 t of Mines and 1951 a Source: Minerals. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 11 Table 5. - Continued Total Total years Last year County production of of (in tons) production production Menard 13,370,317 75 1956 Mercer 14,998,922 69 1952 Monroe 8,284 13 1941 Montgomery 86,337,504 75 1956 Morgan 190,787 64 1951 Moultrie 2,032,236 16 1924 Peoria 66,605,383 75 1956 Perry 168,056,023 75 1956 Pike 5,081 8 1942 Pope 1,562 11 1938 Putnam 10,071,893 29 1938 Randolph 71,828,488 75 1956 Richland 154 1 1890 Rock Island 3,846,169 67 1948 St. Clair 230,159,097 75 1956 Saline 192,971,550 75 1956 Sangamon 232,656,012 75 1956 Schuyler 2,999,077 74 1956 Scott 612,476 61 1942 Shelby 4,119,763 67 1950 Stark 1,227,280 69 1952 Tazewell 17,633,802 75 1956 Vermilion 151,823,129 75 1956 Wabash 186,144 29 1943 Warren 685,466 73 1954 Washington 17,799,326 75 1956 White 1,676,741 36 1940 Will 36,988,565 75 1956 Williamson 312,406,184 75 1956 Woodford 7,810,160 70 1951 Total (1882-1956) 3,422,639,387 Estimated production (1833-1881) 73,386,123 Total production (1833-1956) 3,496,025,510 Exports of coal from the United States rose from 51 million tons in 1955 to 69 million tons in 195 6. Of this total western Europe took 29 million tons in 1955 and 41 million tons in 195 6. Since World War II American coal has been a significant factor in maintaining Europe's high level of industrial activity. The long range prediction is that coal from the United States will continue to be of major importance to Europe for some time to come. The United Kingdom, West Germany, and Italy each received more than 50 percent of their coal imports from the United States. 12 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 6. - National Production of Bituminous Coal, 1 953-1 956 a (thousands of tons) State 1953 West Virginia 134,105 Pennsylvania 93,331 Kentucky 65,060 Illinois 46,010 Ohio 34,737 Virginia 19,119 Indiana 15,812 Al abama 12,532 Tennessee 5,467 Total 426,173 All other states 31,117 Grand total 457,290 1954* 115,996 72,011 56,964 41 , 971 32,469 16,387 13,400 10,282 6,429 365,909 25,797 391,706 * Revised figures. a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figures. 1955* 139,168 85,713 69,020 45,932 37,870 23,508 16,149 13,088 7,053 437,501 27,132 464,633 1956 D 152,500 89,300 77,000 48,000 40,500 27,500 17,325 13,000 8,200 473,325 26,675 500,000 Percent of 1956 total 30.5 17.9 15.4 9.6 8.1 5.5 3.5 2.6 1.6 94.7 5.3 100.0 Coal in Illinois The record of coal production in Illinois for 1956 is shown in tables 4, 5, and 6. Table 4, "Illinois Coal Production by Counties, 195 6, " summarizes the 195 6 production record by giving a complete county by county tabulation of amounts of coal produced, type of mining (strip or underground), number of mines, and the approximate value of the product. This table also shows that of the 36 counties that produced coal, 13 produced more than a million tons each or 90 percent of the state's output, as shown in figure 3. Coal production by stripping methods predominates in the northwest coun- ties of Fulton and Knox and is important also in Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Sa- line, Vermilion, Williamson, and Bureau counties. Since 1951 the amount of coal produced in Illinois by stripping methods has varied from about 16.4 mil- lion tons to about 19. 6 million tons per year. During this same period total coal produced in the state ranged from a high of 54.8 million tons to a low of 41.7 million tons. Such comparative figures indicate that the coal stripping industry in Illinois not only has maintained a rather constant tonnage production but has gradually increased the percentage ratio up to 195 6 when the industry produced some 19. 6 million tons or 41 per- cent of the total coal produced in the state. Table 5 shows the accumulated production by counties since 1882, when mining records were begun. Eleven counties have produced more than 100 mil- lion tons of coal in the 75 years of recorded production and account for three- fourths of the state's entire output. Of the 70 counties that have produced coal from 1882 to the present time, 36 are still producers (fig. 3). ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 13 The quantity of coal produced in Illinois each year follows very closely the national trend, up or down, and amounts to approximately 10 percent of the national total, as shown in table 6. ILLINOIS COUNTIES PRODUCING COAL in 1956 | 1,000,000 tons or more ^ 500,000 to 1,0 100,000 to 50C :::::: :| less thon 100,01 Totol Production 47,804 36 counties produ< fig. 3.- Illinois coal production by counties, 1956. The trend in the Illinois coal industry is toward fewer mines but larger output for each mine. The record for the past six years bears this out. Average Output by Shipping and Local Mines Year No. shipping mines Av. output (tons) No. local mines Av. output (tons) 1951 136 386,729 1952 111 389,860 1953 97 452,034 1954 87 459,974 1955 85 516,244 1956 88 517,488 166 13,702 152 16,307 135 15,695 119 14,773 113 16,201 104 21,779 14 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ooke Industry The iron and steel industry of Illinois uses large quantities of coke in the iron blast furnaces to reduce iron ore to a free metal. Coke is produced when certain coals are heated to a high temperature to drive off moisture and volatile matter, leaving a solid sponge-like residue that burns readily and produces the high temperature necessary to smelt iron ore. The coal from which coke is made is found mainly in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and Alabama. For Illinois iron makers, this means that the cost of the coal used in making coke is high because of the freight rate from eastern states. Furthermore, the traditional supplies of coal for met- allurgical purposes are limited and the need of additional sources of coal for coking purposes is being recognized. Finally, the development of alternative methods of ore reduction are not likely to replace the blast furnaces, but will probably be applicable only in special circumstances where resources permit smaller units and more costly processes. Because iron and steel output is expected to expand in the future with corresponding increased demands for coke, ways of making coke from coal that up to the present time has not been considered suitable for coke, have been actively investigated. As a result of studies, Illinois coal producers are pre- paring increased amounts of Illinois coal for use in the manufacture of metalur- gical coke. In 1955 a total of about 4. 3 million tons of coal was consumed in Illinois coke oven plants. Most of this coal, some 3.7 million tons, originated in the eastern states, whereas Illinois sources supplied only about 600 thousand tons of coal for coking purposes. Recent figures indicate that Illinois coal is now being used at the rate of about 800 thousand tons per year for coking purposes. Other markets for Illinois coal include an increasing demand for coal from the electric utilities for the production of electric power. Also, general manufacturing and cement mills maintained a high level of activity during 195 6, which produced a sustained demand for coal. Two markets that showed a con- tinuation of their declining demand for coal in 195 6 are the railroads and the re- tail dealer deliveries. Millions of Borrels mow _ O O O O 10 05 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 19 65 Fig. 4.- Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1956. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 15 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Oil and gas are of great importance to every individual in the United States. Crude oil and its associated products are the principal sources of fuel and lub- ricants necessary for our modern machinery. No matter what his occupation may be, each person depends upon oil and gas for living as we know it today. ILLINOIS COUNTIES PRODUCING OIL in 1955 I 5,000,000 barrels or more ^ 2,500,000 to 5,000,000 borrels 500,000 to 2,500,000 barrels | | less than 500,000 borrels Total Production 81,131,000 barrels 38 counties producing Fig. 5.- Illinois oil production by counties, 1955. How much crude oil does it take to keep the 170 million people of the United States on the "go" today? Table 10 shows that in 195 6 this country pro- duced about 2. 6 billion barrels of oil - an average of 7. 1 million barrels of oil every day of the year. The United States has produced more than 2 billion bar- rels of oil per year since 1951, and the trend seems to indicate that the 3 billion barrel year is not too far away. However, the production of crude oil alone is not the whole picture of the total amount of liquid hydrocarbons used in the United States during 19 5 6. To the supply of domestic crude oil must be added the liquids derived from natural gas, plus imports of crude oil and refined petroleum products. The resulting net total supply of petroleum and associated liquid products is more than 3.2 billion barrels for 195 6. 16 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY — H •J !ir. I i t A. -,t---—^\ \ y r -:j tear 18 v /' .** SCALE OF MILES 10 20 30 KEY % OIL FIELD; % ABANDONED ^ GAS FIELD; ^ABANDONED JANUARY I. 1957 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fig. 6.- Oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1956. 1. Ashmore East 7. Ewing West 13. Pankeyville 2. Beckemeyer (gas) 8 . Germantown East 14. Pankeyville East 3. Bourbon 9. Hornsby South 15. Sicily 4. Bourbon North 10 - M *« Vernon North 16. Sorento South 5. Chesterville u « Oakdale 17. Sorento West 6. Cravat West 12. Orchardville North 18. Tamaroa West ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 17 Table 7. - Illinois Well Completions and Production, 1936-1956 b Year Completions 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 93 449 2,536 3,617 3,755 3,807 2,017 1,791 1,991 1,763 2,362 2,046 2,489 2,741 2,894 2,383 2,077 2,161 3,254 3,885 3,640 Producing Wells 52 292 2,010 2,970 3,080 2,925 1,179 1,090 1,229 1,094 1,387 1,102 1,316 1,447 1,328 947 854 1,161 1,896 2,164 1,742 Production (thousands of barrels) d New fields Old fields 20 ) e 12) 15) 17) 22) 21) 32) 23) 23) 35) 88) 107) 62) 85 2,884 19,771 90,908 142,969 128,993 101,837 77,581 72,946 70,839 70,174 61,455 59,623 58,571 55,794 54,147 53,727 51,924 59,130 72,016 71,696 4,542 4,304 4,004 4,678 5,145 4,753 4,675 4,467 4,371 5,123 5,004 5,185 5,930 6,234 6,097 6,344 7,101 7,810 9,115 10,618 Total 4,445 7,426 24,075 94,912 147,647 134,138 106,590 82,256 77,413 75,210 75,297 66,459 64,808 64,501 62,028 60,244 60,071 59 ,025 66,940 81,131 82,314 a Includes only oil and gas producers and dry holes, b Based on information furnished by oil and pipeline companies, c Includes Devonian production at Sandoval and Bartelso. d From U. S. Bureau of Mines through 1950. e Figures in parentheses indicate producing wells, included in total, previously completed as dry holes. The continued and uninterrupted supply of liquid fuels is essential to pre- sent day living, yet it is doubtful that many of the users of our 60 million motor vehicles are aware that they are consuming a resource that has taken several hun- dred million years to produce and huge amounts of capital to recover and refine. The consumption of each gallon of gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum products marks its end, whether it is used in a gasoline- powered lawn mower or a jet plane. Domestic Production Ten states, eight of them west of the Mississippi River, account for 90 percent of the petroleum production in the Vnited States. Texas holds the domi- nant position with 42.5 percent of the nation's output (table 10). California, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, the three next largest oil producing states, together produce about 80 percent of the quantity produced in Texas. The remaining six states of the top ten - Kansas, Wyoming, New Mexico, Illinois, Colorado, and Mississippi - are considerably smaller by comparison. 18 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 8. - Illinois Fields That Produced More Than One Million Barrels of Oil During 1956 Rank Field 1 Southeastern Illinois 2 Louden 3 Clay City Consolidated 4 Salem Consolidated 5 New Harmony Consolidated 6 Dale Consolidated 7 Roland Consolidated 8 Sailor Springs Consolidated 9 Inman East Consolidated 10 Cooks Mills Consolidated 11 Albion Consolidated 12 Phillipstown Consolidated 13 Herald Consolidated 14 Johnsonville Consol idated 15 Benton Consolidated Total Other fields State total Production Percent of (barrels) state total 10,658,000 12.9 9,972,000 12.1 9,229,000 11.2 6,592,000 8.0 3,973,000 4.8 3,478,000 4.2 2,520,000 3.1 1,799,000 2.2 1,471,000 1.8 1,217,000 1.5 1,108,000 1.3 1,064,000 1.3 1,056,000 1.3 1,055,000 1,050,000 56,242,000 26,072,000 82,314,000 1.3 1.3 68.3 31.7 100.0 Imports Imports of crude oil into the United States came principally from Venezuela, the Middle East, and Canada. Smaller shipments originated in Mexico, other South American countries, and the Far East. Imports in 1956 by source of origin were as follows: Source Thousands of barrels Venezuela Middle East Canada Far East Other South America Mexico Other Total 167,050 103,517 42,739 13,309 9,986 4,666 566 341,833 Illinois Production Illinois leads all states lying wholly east of the Mississippi River in oil production for 195 6. Illinois produced about 45 percent of the total for these states compared with 22 percent for second ranking Mississippi. At the present time Illinois ranks eighth in the nation in the production of crude oil. However, ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 19 during 1940, the year of peak production, Illinois ranked fourth, exceeded only by Texas, California, and Oklahoma. Illinois has had two major periods of oil activity, one from 1905 to about 1912 with a production peak of 33.6 million barrels in 1908, the other from 19 37 to about 1941 with a production peak of 147 million barrels in 1940 (fig. 4). Production in Illinois was 82.3 million barrels in 1956, an increase of about 1.2 million barrels over that of 1955. Table 7 gives a statistical history of Illinois oil production from 19 36 through 195 6, showing the number of well completions and the petroleum production from old fields and new fields . As in- dicated in table 8, Illinois had 15 fields in 19 5 6 that produced more than one million barrels of oil each. Estimated production by counties for the-year 1955 is shown in table 9, together with the value of the oil produced. Figure 5 illus- trates the geographic distribution of Illinois oil production in 1955. Table 9. - Estimated Oil Production by Illinois Counties, 1955 c Product ion Value (thousands Percent (thousands County of barrels) of total of dollars) Bond 996.0 1.23 $2,918.0 Christian 1,616.0 2.00 4,735.0 Clark and Cumberland 2,087.0 2.57 6,115.0 Clay 5,035.0 6.21 14,752.0 CI inton 1,908.0 2.35 5,590.0 Coles 542.0 0.67 1,588.0 Crawford 2,639.0 3.25 7,732.0 Edgar 124.0 0.15 363.0 Edwards 1,604.0 1.99 4,700.0 Effingham 553.0 0.68 1,620.0 Fayette 8,225.0 10.14 24,099.0 Franklin 2,325.0 2.87 6,812.0 Hancock and McDonough 71.0 0.09 208.0 Gallatin 2,720.0 3.35 7,970.0 Hamilton 3,902.0 4.81 11,433.0 Jasper 2,104.0 2.59 6,165.0 Jefferson 2,546.0 3.14 7,460.0 Lawrence 3,889.0 4.79 11,395.0 Macon 104.0 0.13 305.0 Macoupin 0.5 - 1.5 Madison 488.0 0.60 1,430.0 Marion 8,925.0 11.00 26,150.0 Monroe 0.5 - 1.5 Montgomery 5.0 - 15.0 Moultrie 11.0 0.01 32.0 Perry 20.0 0.02 59.0 Randolph 304.0 0.37 891.0 Richland 2,690.0 3.32 7,882.0 St. Clair 28.0 0.03 82.0 Saline 4,189.0 5.16 12,274.0 20 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 9. - Continued County Sangamon Shelby Wabash Washington Wayne White Total Product ion Value (thousands Percent (thousands of barrels) of total of dollars) 59.0 0.07 173.0 24.0 0.03 70.0 3,279.0 4.04 9,607.0 1,030.0 1.27 3,018.0 6,933.0 8.55 20,314.0 10,155.0 12.52 100.00 29,754.0 81,131.0 $237,714.0 Subject to revision. Average price estimated at $2.93 per barrel. Table 10. - National Production of Crude Oil, 1953-1 956 c (thousands of barrels) Percent of 1956 State 1953 1954 1955* 1956 b total Texas 1,019,164 974,275 1 ,053,297 1 ,111,172 42.5 California 365,085 355,865 354,812 351,437 13.4 Louisiana 256,632 246,558 271,010 297,949 11.4 Oklahoma 202,570 185,851 202,817 215,016 8.2 Kansas 114,566 119,317 121,669 123,833 4.7 Wyoming 82,618 93,533 99,483 104,483 4.0 New Mexico 70,441 74,820 82,958 87,893 3.4 Illinois 59,026 66,798 81,423 82,156 3.1 Colorado 36,402 46,206 52,653 58,546 2.2 Mississippi 35,620 34,240 37,741 40,572 1.6 Total 2,242,124 2,197,463 2 ,357,863 2 ,473,057 94.5 All other states 114,958 117,525 126,565 144,375 5.5 Grand total 2,357,082 2,314,988 2 ,484,428 2 ,617,432 100.0 * Revised figures. a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figures. Reserves of Petroleum and Natural Gas in Illinois The survey and estimate of petroleum reserves, as of January 1, 1957, made each year by committees of the American Petroleum Institute, shows an estimated proved reserve of 700 million barrels, a net increase of 9 million bar- rels over the previous year after allowing for withdrawals during 195 6 (table 11). For natural gas, the net reserve as of January 1, 1957, was estimated at 220 billion cubic feet, a decline of 14 billion from the previous year (table 12). ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 21 Table 11. - Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in States Serving the Illinois Area (millions of barrels) State Illinois Indiana Kansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Wyoming United States 1954 625 62 913 2,760 815 1,752 14,999 1,279 28,945 1955 658 67 978 2,962 806 1,955 14,982 1,304 29,561 1956 691 61 998 3,255 820 2,016 14,934 1,374 30,012 Percent Change 1957 from 1956 700 +1.3 68 +11.5 992 -0.6 3,675 +12.9 835 + 1.8 2,010 -0.3 14,783 -1.0 1,363 -0.8 30,435 +1.4 a Source: American Petroleum Institute, b Figures as of January 1, each year. Table 12. - Estimates of Natural Gas Reserves in Illinois and Other States State Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Wyoming United States (billions of cubic feet) 1954 231 36 15,788 1,302 34,459 17,522 12,228 106,530 2,740 1955 254 36 15,758 1,287 36,800 17,241 12,396 105,129 2,855 1956 234 33 16,293 1,262 42,436 18,585 13,205 108,288 3,196 1957 220 34 17,566 1,246 45,054 23,473 13,775 112,729 3,236 211,447 211,711 223,697 237,775 Percent change from 1956 -6.0 + 3.0 + 7.8 -1.3 +6.2 +26.3 +4.3 +4.1 + 1.3 +6.3 a Source: American Gas Association. b Figures as of January 1, each year. Oil is unlike coal or some of the metal ores in that the known reserve is only a few years ahead of annual requirements . Continual exploration for oil is an established part of the oil industry. It is the practice of the industry each year to make a survey of the amount of oil reserve that has been proved and can be produced under current conditions of price and production practices. The oil reserves of the state, therefore, are established each year. This figure must not be misunderstood. It does not mean that all the oil in a state or in the nation has been discovered. It merely means that the figure given represents the known amount of oil on a given date. It is something like a bank balance that gives only the bank deposit of a given date and to which amounts are added or withdrawn from day to day. 22 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Next to fuels , the important mineral products of Illinois are the industrial minerals including cement, stone, common sand and gravel, silica sand, lime, and fluorspar. The major market outlets for these nonmetallic minerals is in construction of industrial and commercial buildings , highways , railway road- beds, and housing. Fluorspar is used principally in the iron and steel and chem- ical industries; it also is used by glass and ceramics manufacturers. Demand for structural materials in our industrial economy has increased in tonnages, but at the same time the demand has also become more exacting in the specifications for materials to be used for construction and industrial pur- poses. Estimates of the value of Illinois industrial mineral production indicate that 195 6 was one of the most productive years on record. Together these in- dustrial minerals contribute about 15 percent of the value of the state's mineral output for 19 5 6, and if the value of clay products is added, the percentage rises to about 25 percent. CEMENT Illinois has four cement manufacturing plants; two are located at Oglesby and one each at Dixon and LaSalle. Consumers of large quantities of cement buy directly from the producer on a contract price. Users of smaller amounts buy from local dealers. The industry is highly competitive in the many locali- ties where there are a number of mills within shipping radius. The success of a plant depends upon the market outlet obtainable for its product when the plant is operating at or near capacity. Because transportation is an important element in the delivered cost of cement, the success of a plant depends upon a large market in its vicinity, or upon having available to it low- cost transportation facilities, such as bulk water transportation by barge. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE Limestone and dolomite are the most important stone products in Illinois. The materials are useful in construction, highway building, railway roadbeds, agriculture, metallurgy, the chemical industry, lime and cement manufacture, and for several minor uses. Value of limestone and dolomite produced in Illinois for all purposes ex- cept the manufacture of lime and cement was estimated at $27,388,000 in 19 5 6. About 22,750,000 tons were quarried during the year. The counties leading in production of limestone and dolomite are Cook, Kankakee, Randolph, St. Clair, and Will, each of which generally produces a million tons a year. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE , Farmers in Illinois used 2,9 00,000 tons of agricultural limestone in 195 6. This is a slight increase over that used in 1955 but considerably below the high levels of consumption from 1944 to 1951. In that period consumption of agstone ranged from a low of 4,215,000 tons in 1944 to a high of 5,59 6,000 tons in 1946. Since 1943, increased use of fertilizer materials has competed with agricultural limestone for the farmer's dollar. Increased crop yields resulting from the application of commercial fertili- zers will ultimately require use of agricultural limestone for replenishment ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 23 Table 13. - Illinois Limestone and Dolomite Production, 1955 and 1956 Use Agricultural Construction and paving Metallurgical Railroad ballast Other Total 1955 1956 b Tons Value Tons Value 2,547,485 $3,308,352 2,903,440 $3,778,400 19,648,920 23,257,644 17,731,570 21,278,000 317,575 555,776 281,765 287,550 486,255 550,503 647,325 806,050 1,400,395 2,156,930 1,185,900 1,238,000 24,400,630 $29,829,205 22,750,000 $27,388,000 * Revised figures. a Excluding stone used in manufacture of cement and lime. b Preliminary figures. of calcium in the soil. Informed agronomists are of the opinion that only about half the Illinois farms have enough lime. Some of the unlimed land is in per- manent pasture to which farmers generally do not apply limestone. Large areas of cropland, however, remain inadequately limed and there is need for demon- strating unequivocally that investment in limestone is more than returned in larger production. CLAY PRODUCTS Clay products were valued at 59 million dollars in 195 6, showing an in- crease of almost 4.2 million dollars over the 1955 value. Clay products include such items as face and common brick, sewer pipe, flue pipe, drain and building tile, vitreous plumbing fixtures, glazed tile, and electrical porcelains. The metallurgical industries continued a brisk demand for various forms of special heat-resistant fire brick and silica brick. Table 14. - Illinois Clay Products, 1955 and 1956 Clay products 1955 1956 a Face brick $7,620,380 $7,570,456 Common brick 7,022,310 7,430,445 Structural tile 542,000 520,347 Drain tile Sewer tile 3,555,915 3,964,150 Other structural products 1,452,525 1,433,332 Clay and silica refractories 13,068,250 14,603,390 Pottery and whiteware 21,594,285 23,523,950 Total $54,855,665 $59,046,070 * Revised figures. a Preliminary figures. 24 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SPECIAL SANDS Special sands, such as silica sand and natural bonded molding sand, also were in increased demand. Silica sand, which is the backbone of an extensive glass industry, is now used also by the oil industry in hydraulic fracture treat- ment of oil-bearing rock. Both silica sand and natural bonded molding sand go into molds for making metal castings, such as cylinder heads for automobile engines. Table 15. - Special Sands in Illinois, 1955 and 1956 1955 1956 a Uses Tons Value Tons Value Silica sand Molding sand 711,299 $1,622,700 814,769 $2,149,347 Other uses b 1,904,140 5,793,940 2,006,521 6,483,717 Ground silica 288,014 2,977,815 287,615 3,163,514 Total silica sand - $10,394,455 - $11,796,578 Natural bonded molding sand 262,608 387,820 58,808 141,682 Total special sands - $10,782,275 - $11,938,260 * Revised figures. a Preliminary figures. b Glass, grinding and polishing, blast, fire and furnace, engine, filter. c For abrasives, ceramics, foundry and filler from ground siliceous material. Table 16. - Illinois Sand and Gravel Production, 1955 and 1956 1955 1956 b Uses Tons Value Tons Value Building sand 4,112,130 $3,207,206 4,287,000 $3,644,000 Paving and road sand 1,488,340 1,161,883 1,993,000 1,694,000 Other sand 2,150,390 1,627,646 1,885,000 1,508,000 Total sand 7,750,860 5,996,735 8,165,000 6,846,000 Building gravel 3,747,175 3,432,816 3,587,000 3,408,000 Paving and road gravel 4,468,500 3,656,155 4,305,000 3,745,000 Railroad ballast 402,255 223,415 410,000 349,000 Other gravel 2,019,070 1,677,789 1,948,000 1,753,000 Total gravel 10,637,000 8,990,175 10,250,000 9,255,000 Total sand and gravel 18,387,860 $14,986,910 18,415,000 $16,101,000 * Revised figures. a Exclusive of silica sand and natural bonded molding sand. b Preliminary figures. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1956 25 FLUORSPAR AND METALS Fluorspar and metals, which were valued at 14.5 million dollars in 1955, climbed to a value of 16 million dollars in 195 6. Illinois fluorspar still encount- ers competition from foreign mines, but the increased demand from the manufac- turers of hydrofluoric acid and from the steel industry has brought a number of Illinois mines back into production. Fluorspar Production of fluorspar in the United States in 195 6 increased over that of 1955 from 239,500 tons to 309,49 6 tons, and shipments from mines increased from 279,540 tons to 319,850 tons. Imports of fluorspar exceeded domestic production, showing an increase from 363,419 tons to 490,742 tons, or 35 per- cent. The United States is by far the first-ranking country in the world as a producer of fluorspar. Other important fluorspar producing countries and ship- pers of fluorspar to the United States in 1956 were, in order of volume shipped, Mexico, Spain, Italy, Canada and Newfoundland, and Germany. Uses of Fluorspar The importance of fluorspar lies primarily in its use as a flux or slag con- ditioner and as a source of fluorine. The largest single consumers of fluorspar have been the iron foundries and the steel industry, which use fluorspar as a flux in the production of basic open-hearth steel, electric furnace steel, ferro-alloys and alloy steel, and Bessemer steel. In recent years the aluminum and chemical industries have taken increas- ingly larger amounts of acid-grade fluorspar for production of hydrofluoric acid. The aluminum industry's hydrofluoric acid goes almost entirely into manufacture of aluminum. In the chemical industry, hydrofluoric acid is used primarily as an inter- mediate in the manufacture of numerous fluorine compounds , many of which are important in national defense. Table 17. - Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, and Imports, 1955 Percent of 1955 United States State Tons Value total tons Illinois 166,337 $7,838,471 59.5 Kentucky 8,899 308,140 3.2 Utah 7,328 151,140 2.6 Other states 96,976 4,292,647 34.7 Total 279,540 $12,590,398 100.0 Imports for use in United States 363,419 $8,540,431 a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. 26 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ceramic-grade fluorspar is used mainly in the manufacture of opal, opaque, and colored glass, and to make opaque, white, or colored enamels for coating metal ware. It is used also as a flux in such operations as the manufacture of Portland cement, rock wool, artificial abrasives, and basic refractory cement, and in the production of calcium carbide and cyanamide. The future demand for fluorspar in the United States will be influenced by trends in its use for various purposes. Fluorspar is a relatively low-priced raw material by weight, and to a large extent the demand for it derives from this fact. Various attempts have been made to find substitutes for fluorspar used in the metallurgical field, but thus far other materials have been found to be less satisfactory or more costly. Lead and Zinc During 195 6, in northern Illinois, two mining companies operated zinc- lead mines and mills near Galena in Jo Daviess County. In southern Illinois three mining companies produced zinc concentrate in milling fluorspar-zinc- lead ores. The total Illinois output of recoverable zinc was about 24,000 tons in 195 6, or 11 percent more than in 1955. Lead output in Illinois for 1956 was about 4,100 tons, compared with 4,500 tons in 1955. There were only two principal lead producers in the state in 195 6 - one company in Jo Daviess County in northwestern Illinois, and one in Hardin County in extreme southern Illinois. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS 27 DIRECTORY OF ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS The following pages contain lists of mineral operators (except fluorspar and metals) who have reported recent production. The lists, arranged by product and by county, are not necessarily complete because of changes in organization, mining location, or other conditions. The directory is published in order to aid consumers of mineral raw materi- als locate their most convenient sources of production, to answer queries of mine- and quarry-equipment manufacturers, and to give citizens of Illinois in- formation about their local industries. The list also will make the general report more valuable to teachers in the public schools who use the reports for studies in mineral resources and conser- vation. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE PRODUCERS Adams The Black & White Limestone Co. , Box 87, Front & 8th Sts. , Quincy Marblehead Lime Co. , 300 West Washington St. , Chicago 6 Menke Stone & Lime Co. , 828 Vermont St. , Quincy Boone Belvidere Lime Quarry, 225 East Marshall St. , Belvidere Charles Lee & Sons, Irene Commu- nity, Kirkland Ewald Winkelman, 225 East Marshall, Belvidere Calhoun Paul C. Herter, Golden Eagle Carroll Allen Boyer, Mt. Carroll Kingery & Messmer, Lanark Minor Bros. , 1003 8th Ave. , Rock Falls Earl Randecker, Savanna Clark Casey Stone Co. , Box 128, Casey Ralph E. Montgomery, Box 128, Marshall Quality Lime Co. , Marshall Clay Iola Stone & Material Co. , Box 32 6, Centralia Coles Lange Stone Quarry, Box 183, Charleston 2 Olen Humphres Stone Quarry, Ash- more Cook Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 West Monroe St. , Chicago 3 Dolese & Shepard Co. , Box 227, LaGrange Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington St. , Chicago DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co. , 400 West First St. , Elmhurst Effingham Winters Stone Quarry, Altamont Fulton Chipman Limestone Quarry, 585 East Fulton St. , Farmington Greene Orton Quarry, Hillview Hancock Colchester Stone Co. , Room 314, 1630 5th Ave. , Moline W. F. Hamma, Nauvoo R. L. O'Neal & Sons, Carthage Hardin J. L. Bean Stone Co. , Golconda P. R. Brown Stone Co. , Box 355, Golconda Okerson Quarry Co. , Box 226, Cave in Rock Rigsby & Barnard, Box 5 6, Cave in Rock Henderson Galbraith Stone Quarry, Raritan 28 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Henderson, continued Charles J. Moore, P.O. Box 282, Dallas City Olson Brothers, Box 355, Dallas City Jackson Illinois Quarry Co. , Box 401, Ava Jersey Grafton Quarry, Grafton Jersey Quarry, Inc. , Jerseyville Sievers Brothers, Fieldon Jo Daviess W. E. Broege, Warren Virgil Hardacre , R. R. 2 , Pearl City Kingery & Messmer, Lanark Dale Westaby, R.R. 4, Stockton Elmer C. Wienen & Sons, 308 South St. , Galena Johnson Southern Illinois Stone Co. , Box 28, Buncombe The Charles Stone Co. , Cypress Kane Fox River Stone Co. , R.R. 2, Elgin Kankakee Bourbonnais Stone Quarry, 284 South Clinton, Bradley Lehigh Stone Co. , Box 669, Kanka- kee Manteno Limestone Co. , Box 301, M ante no Kendall Centrall Limestone Co. , R.R. 4, Morris O. Gunnerson, Lisbon Knox Abingdon Rock Co. , Inc. , Abingdon LaSalle Sheridan Stone Co. , Box 117, Sheridan Troy Grove Stone Co. , Troy Grove Utica Stone Co. , Spring Valley Lee Frank N. Butler Co. , Franklin Grove Ward McGinnis, R.R. 1, Dixon Oregon Stone Quarries, Oregon William Seitz, Oregon Stoneridge Limestone Co., 503 Woolf Ct. , Rochelle Wilmer Gerdes Quarry, R.R. 2, Dixon Livingston Chenoa Stone Co. , Pontiac Livingston Stone Co. , Inc. , R.R. 4, Pontiac Ocoya Stone Co. , R.R. , Pontiac Pontiac Stone Co. , Box 412, Pontiac Wagner Stone Co. , Route 5, Pontiac Logan Rocky Ford Limestone Co. , R.R. 1, Lincoln Madison C. M. Lohr, Inc. , Godfrey Mississippi Lime Co. , 7 Alby St. , Alton Reliance Whiting Co. , Box 265, 16th St. & Alby St. . Alton Massac Columbia Quarry Co. , 1007 Wash- ington Ave. , St. Louis 1, Missouri McDonough JohnMcClure, Colchester Colchester Stone Co. , Room 314, 1630 5th Ave. , Moline McHenry Garden Prairie Stone Co. , Inc. , 104 South State St. , Marengo Menard Athens Stone Quarry, R.R. 2, Athens Indian Point Limestone Products, Mason City Mercer Independent Materials Co. , Viola Monroe Columbia Quarry Co. , 1007 Washing- ton Ave., St. Louis 1, Missouri Maeystown Quarry Co. , Maeystown Montgomery Litchfield Stone Co. , Litchfield Ogle Kutz Brothers Co. , Forreston Clarence Lenstrom, Stillman Valley INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS 29 Ogle, continued Macklin Brothers , Steward Norris & Ludewig, Polo Oregon Stone Quarries, Oregon William Seitz, Oregon Peoria Lamar Stone Co. , Box 423, Prince- ville Long Rock Co. , Princeville Trivoli Stone Co. , 168 North Cone St. , Farmington Princeville Stone Co. , Princeville Pike Lacey & Bauer, Pearl Marvin O. Lumley, Kinderhook Pearl Stone Co. , Pearl Pulaski Columbia Quarry Co. , 1007 Wash- ington Ave., St. Louis 1, Missouri Randolph Allied Chemical & Dye Corp. , Solvay Process Div. , Box 271, Syracuse 1, New York Chester Quarry Co. , Chester Al Stotz , Pautler Heights , Waterloo Rock Island Collinson Stone Co., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Cordova Quarry Inc., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Midway Stone Co. , Inc. , Hillsdale St. Clair Casper Stolle Quarry & Const. Co. , Route 1, East St. Louis Columbia Quarry Co. , 1007 Wash- ington Ave., St. Louis, Missouri East St. Louis Stone Co., 528 Mur- phy Bldg. , East St. Louis Hecker Quarry Inc. , 301 South Jackson St. , New Athens Schuyler Vern Mitchell Quarry, Browning Scott Kruger Quarry, Winchester Thomas Quarry, Winchester Stephenson Ray Askey, Orangeville W. E. Broege, Warren Russel E. Cox, Box 46, Lena Ed. Finkbiener & Sons, 4 East South St. , Freeport Elmer Fortner, 1406 South Walnut, Freeport Rees Construction Co., 2474 11th Ave., Monroe, Wisconsin Scofield & Co. , 719 Youngs Lane, Freeport V. H. Stich, Lena Arthur Zimmerman, Pecatonica Union Anna Quarries, Inc. , Anna Jonesboro Stone Co. , R.R. 1, Anna Lutz Marble Co. , Box 345, Anna Vermilion Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington St. , Chicago Warren Monmouth Stone Co. , Inc. , 521 South Third St. , Monmouth Washington Radom Quarry, Radom Whiteside Alldritt Bros . , Morrison Cordova Quarry, Inc. , 3115 23rd Ave. , Moline Johnson Coal Co. , Morrison Fred R. McKenzie & Co. , 405 Bondi Bldg., Galesburg Will Lincoln Stone Co. , Box 1224, Joliet Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington St. , Chicago National Stone Co. , Box 1213, Joliet Winnebago Charles Ind Co. , 1415 Point Ave. , Rockford Charles Lee & Son, Irene Community, Kirkland William Nordhop, 1032 Kilburn Ave. , Rockford Porter Brothers , Roscoe Art Zimmerman, Pecatonica 30 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS PRODUCERS Boone Munson Brothers & Co. , Box 8, Capron Brown Frederic Brick & Tile Co. , Box 146, Mt. Sterling Bureau Sheffield Shale Products Co. , Shef- field Cook Alexander Burke's Sons, 3900 South Cicero Ave. , Cicero 50 Brisch Brick Co. , 228 North LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 Carey Brick Co. , 6558 West Fuller- ton Ave . , Chicago 35 Chicago Brick Co., 135 South LaSalle St. , Chicago Chicago Fire Brick Co. , 1467 North Elston Ave. , Chicago 22 Chicago Pottery Co. , 1920 Clybourn Ave. , Chicago 14 Illinois Brick Co. , 228 North LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 George Keller Pottery Co. , 2618 North Lakewood Ave. , Chicago 14 Northwestern Terra Gotta Corp., 1750 West Wrightwood Ave. , Chicago Plibrico Co. , 1840 Kingsbury St. , Chicago The Ramtite Co. , Div. of S. Ober- mayer Co. , 25 63 West 18th St. , Chicago 8 Tuthill Building Material Co. , 545 East 103rd St. , Chicago 28 Wingert Pottery Co. , 5035 West Fos- ter Ave . , Chicago Crawford Case Manufacturing Corp. , Robinson (33 Main St. , Buffalo 3, New York) Edwards Albion Brick Co. , Albion Fayette St. Elmo Brick and Tile Co. , St. Elmo Greene Ruckels Potteries, Inc., White Hall White Hall Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile Co. , White Hall (LaClede- Christy Co. , Div. H. K. Porter Co. , Inc. , 2000 Hampton Ave. , St. Louis 10, Missouri) Lyndall W. Wyatt, Box 25 6, White Hall (clay) Grundy Illinois Clay Products Co., 214 Barber Bldg. , Joliet Jackson Jackson County Brick Co. , Campbell Hill Kane Haeger Potteries, Inc., Dundee Kankakee Eastern Illinois Clay Co. , St. Anne Kankakee Clay Products Co. , St. Anne St. Anne Brick & Tile Co. , St. Anne Knox Abingdon Potteries, Inc. , 801 North Main St. , Abingdon Purington Brick and Tile Co. , Box 110, Galesburg Lake National Brick Co. , 3150 West Touhy Ave. , Chicago 45 Pickard , Inc . , Corona Ave . , Antioch LaSalle The Conco- Meier Co. , R.R. Lowell, Tonica La Clede- Christy Co. , Ottawa (Div. of H. K. Porter Co. , Inc. , 2000 Hampton Ave., St. Louis 10, Missouri) Arthur Mart, Box 149 , Streator (clay) Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. , 9 th and Sterling Sts. , LaSalle Streator Brick Co. , Streator (Div. of Hydraulic-Press Brick Co. , 705 Olive St., St. Louis, Missouri) Streator Drain Tile Co. , West 10th St. , Streator INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS 31 Livingston Diller Tile Co, Chatsworth Logan Stetson China Co. , 999 North Kicka- poo St. , Lincoln Madison Alton Brick Co. , Box 394, Alton Richards Brick Co. , Edwards ville Western Fire Brick Co. , 16th St. & Madison Ave., Granite City Marshall Hydraulic-Press Brick Co. , 809 Lehmann Bldg. , Peoria 2 McDonough Baird Clay Mine, Colchester (clay) Illinois McGraw Electric Co. , 510 North Pearl St. , Macomb Macomb Pottery Co. , Macomb Frank Nelson, Colchester (clay) J. R. Purtscher, 1410 West Aire Ave. , Peoria (clay) Western Stoneware Co. , Macomb (621 West 6th Ave. , Monmouth) McHenry American Terra Gotta Corp., Box 225 , Crystal Lake Menard Springfield Clay Products Co. , Box 362, Springfield Mercer Hydraulic-Press Brick Co. , 901 Put- nam Bldg., Davenport, Iowa Pulaski American Charcoal Co. , Olmsted (201 South Green St. , Detroit 17, Michigan) (clay) Rock Island Van-Packer Co. , Carbon Cliff (Div. of Flintkote Co., Rock Island) St. Clair Hill Brick Co. , 51st St. & St. Clair Ave. , East St. Louis Hydraulic-Press Brick Co.-, Casey- ville Twp. (705 Olive St., St. Louis 1, Missouri) Saline Harrisburg Brick and Tile Co. , Har- risburg Sangamon Poston Brick & Concrete Products Co. , 2 600 East South Grand Ave. , Springfield Springfield Clay Products Co. , Box 362, Springfield Scott Alsey Brick & Tile Co. , Alsey Tazewell The Morton Pottery Co. , 315 West Jefferson, Morton Peoria Brick & Tile Co. , Box 515, Peoria 1 Vermilion General Refractories Co. , Danville (1520 Locust St. , Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania) Warren Western Stoneware Co. , 621 West 6th Ave. , Monmouth Will General Refractories Co. , Joliet and Rockdale (1520 Locust St. , Phila- delphia 2, Pennsylvania) SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCERS Adams Blick's Construction Co., Quincy Quincy Sand Co. , Front and Broad- way, Quincy Alexander H. H. Halliday Sand Co. , 224 10th St. , Cairo Bond Greenville Gravel Co . , Inc . , Greenville W. D. Lindsey, Keye sport Cyril Munle, Pocahontas Boone Christensen & Smith, Capron Vincent Spencer Sand & Gravel Co. , 120 Burgess St. , Belvidere 32 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Brown T. F. Hollembeak & Son, Mt. Ster- ling Raymond Bridgewaters , Versailles Bureau Floyd Clapp, Walnut Hansen Brothers, New Bedford Frank J. Poscharscky, Wyanet Swanson Brothers, Box 84, Princeton Western Sand and Gravel Co. , 111 North Spalding St. , Spring Valley Calhoun West Point Sand Plant, Ellis Inman, Batchtown Carroll Howard Nelson, Lanark Nicol Sand Co. , Albert A. Nicol, Savanna Rein & Dahl, Box 120, Stoughton, Wisconsin Champaign Gibson Brothers, 407 North Edwin St. , Champaign Mahomet Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , Box 65 , Urbana W. H. Troike & C. R. Plakenhorn, Box 327, Mahomet West Champaign Gravel Co. , 404 North Neil St. , Champaign Clark Barthelemy and Lawrence , R. R. 2 , Box 120-A, West Union Stanfield Gravel Co., R.R. 2, West Union Clinton Lindsey Gravel Pit, Ke ye sport Coles Martin's Sand & Gravel, 527 Ninth St. , Charleston Pinnell's Gravel Pit, Ashmore Cook Chicago Gravel Co. , 343 South Dearborn St. , Chicago 4 Worth Sand & Gravel Co. , 7545 West 111th St., Worth Crawford Lawrence Bowman, 140 East Lamotte St. , Palestine William J. Wyke, Box 11, Robinson Cumberland A. B. C. Gravel Co. , Greenup Casey Stone Co. , 104 West Alabama, Casey DeKalb Kirkland Gravel Yard, Kirkland Elmer Larson, Inc. , 320 Prospect St. , DeKalb Donald Tyrrell, R.R. 2, Sycamore DeWitt H. M. Richgauer, P.O. Box 66, Clinton DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co. , 400 West 1st St. , Elmhurst John Purnell, Geneva Road, West Chicago Fayette Don L. Burtschi, Vandalia Ford W. V. Williams, Box 287, Gibson City Fulton Liverpool Materials Co. , 1265 North Main St. , Canton Gallatin Miller Sand & Gravel Co. , Carmi Grundy Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington, Chicago 6 Henry Collinson Brothers, 2405 27th St. , Moline Oberlaender Sand Co. , 519| 15th St. , Moline Schadt Service Co. , 623 First Ave. , Silvis INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS 33 Kane Fox Valley Gravel Co. , Box 423, R. R. 3, Aurora Warren W. Krahn, 724 South St. , Dundee Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington St. , Chicago 6 L. G. Raymond, Big Rock Ed Schneider, R.R. 3, Box 72, Elgin Warren T. Sellen, 344 Cedar St. , Aurora Kendall Elmer Larson, Inc. , Box 383, 320 Prospect St. , DeKalb Knox L. K. Bandy Construction Co. , Maquon Lake Carl L. Barthel, Antioch Big Hollow Sand & Gravel Co., Inc. , R.R. , Ingle side Consumers Co. , 79 West Monroe St. , Chicago 3 LaSalle Roy LaBolle , Somonauk LaSalle County Portable, Inc. , Bridge St. , Ottawa Moline Consumers Co., 314 15th St., Mo line Edward O. Olson, Box 625, Newark River Industries Inc. , Box 641, Seneca Spicer Gravel Co. , 445 Union St. , Marseilles Western Sand & Gravel Co. , 111 North Spalding St. , Spring Valley Lawrence Gregory Gravel Co. , Lawrenceville Pit Sand and Gravel Co. , Lawrence- ville Vincennes Gravel Co. , Inc. , Vin- cennes, Indiana Lee Butler Sand & Gravel Co. , Nelson C. C. Macklin, Steward Rock River Ready Mix, 206 Brinton Ave . , Dixon Livingston Estep Gravel Co. , 604 East Oak St. , Fairbury Valley View Dirt & Gravel Co. , R.R. 1, Manville Logan Lincoln Sand & Gravel Co. , Box 67, Lincoln Macon Decatur Sand & Gravel Co. , 700 South Taylor Ave. , Decatur Kirks Gravel Pit, R.R. 6, Decatur H. M. Rickgauer, Box 66, Clinton Madison Alton Sand Co. , Front & Henry St. , Alton Gary Dredging Co. , 958 Union St. , Alton Mississippi Lime Co. , 7 Alby St. , Alton Thompson Asphalt Co. , 6th & Mc- Cambridge Sts . , Madison Marshall Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 West Monroe St. , Chicago 3 Vernon Henry, LaRose McHenry Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 West Monroe St. , Chicago 3 Crystal Lake Trucking & Excavating Co., R.R. 14, Box 184, Crystal Lake Garden Prairie Stone Co. , Inc. , 104 South State St. , Marengo Floyd Greibel, Marengo Grove Gravel & Excavating Co. , Fox River Grove McHenry Sand & Gravel Co . , Inc , , 606 Front St. , McHenry Wayne Nolan, R.R. , Harvard Sylvester Tonyan, R.R. 1, Box 371, McHenry McLean Heidelberg & McDowell, Box 49, Downs John Howes, R.R. 1, Bloomington McGrath Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , Lincoln 34 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY McLear^continued Rowe Construction Co. , 152 3 West Market St. , Blocmington Ogln Byron Sand & Stone Co. , Byron E. C. Kolpak, Oregon Kutz Brothers Co. , Forreston McGrath Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , Lincoln Rockford Blacktop Construction Go. , 1615 Westchester Ave. , Rockford Shilling's Gravel Pit, R.R. 2, Milledgeville Floyd Weigle , Shannon Peoria Chillicothe Gravel Go. , 915 North 4th St. , Chillicothe Construction Materials Co. , 100 Gass St. , Peoria Googan Gravel Co. , 903 Jefferson Bldg. , Peoria McGrath Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , Lincoln Stevers, Inc., 242 3 West Farmington Road, Peoria 5 C. L. Swords & Son, 107 South Jef- ferson Ave. , Peoria 2 Pike Victor Callender, 127 North Clinton St. , Pittsfield Missouri Gravel Go. , 314 15th St. , Moline Randolph Southern Illinois Sand Go. , Inc. , Chester Rock Island Blackhawk Aggregates, Inc. , 230 4th St. West, Milan Builders Sand & Gravel Go. , 104 Western Ave., Davenport, Iowa Moline Consumers Co. , 314 15th St. , Moline St. Clair Missouri-Illinois Material Co. , 2100 North Wharf, St. Louis 6, Missouri Sangamon Buckhart Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , R.R., Mechanicsburg Clear Lake Sand & Gravel Go. , Box 378, Springfield Springfield Sand & Gravel Co. , R.R. 7, Springfield Scott Homer E. Grady, Exeter Shelby Corley Gravel, Gowden Henry Gummings, Sullivan Hanfland Sand & Gravel Co. , Shelbyville Tazewell Hoffer Construction Co. , Inc. , Box 106, East Peoria 8 McGrath Sand & Gravel Co. , Inc. , Lincoln C. A. Powley, R.R. 2, Washington Spring Lake Sand & Gravel, Manito Union Bittle & Emrick, Anna Vermilion Blakeney Gravel Co., R.R. 4, Dan- ville Lawrence Clifton, Westville Lewis & Co. , Perrysville Road, Box 38, Danville Jesse Speranza, R.R. 1, Westville Elton A. Wagner Co. , 505 North Gilbert St. , Danville Wabash Allendale Gravel Co. , R.R. 1, Allendale Dunobar Sand & Gravel Co. , Box 97, Bellmont Mt. Carmel Sand & Gravel Co. , Box 209, Mt. Carmel White Eastwood Sand & Gravel Works, Grayville Fra shier Brothers, Maunie Miller Sand & Gravel Co. , Carml INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS 35 Whiteside Anderson Ready Mix, 9 03 Avenue D, Rock Falls Ernest Johnson, Box 67, Lyndon Max Lawrence, R.R., Prophetstown Weldon W. Lawrence, Prophetstown Midwest Sand & Gravel Co. , Sterl- ing Vernon Schrader Gravel, R.R. 2, Sterling William L. Taber, 513 Market St. , Prophetstown Will Avery Gravel Co. , Plainfield Chicago Gravel Co. , 34 3 South Dearborn St. , Chicago 4 Material Service Corp. , 300 West Washington, Chicago 6 C. H. Monk, 211 Hunter St., Joliet Winnebago Anderson Sand & Gravel Co. , 519 East State St. , Rockford Consumers Co., 79 West Monroe St., Chicago 3 Illinois -Wisconsin Sand & Gravel Co., 228 North LaSalle St., Chicago 1 John L. Kelly, Roscoe Larson Brothers Sand & Gravel, 1822 South 5th St. , Rockford Northwest Gravel Co. , 2340 Main St. , Evanston Porter Brothers, Roscoe Sahlstrom & Sons , 217 Peoples Ave. Rockford South Beloit Sand Co. , 228 North LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 Woodford Wood-Mar Construction Co. , 611 State St. , Eureka PORTLAND AND MASONRY CEMENT PRODUCERS LaSalle Alpha Portland Cement Co. , LaSalle (15 South Third St. , Easton, Penn- sylvania) Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Oglesby (Young Bldg. , 718 Hamilton St. , Allentown, Pennsylvania) Marquette Cement Mfg. Co. , Oglesby (20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6) Lee Medusa Portland Cement Co., Dixon (Cleveland, Ohio) LIME PRODUCERS Adams Marblehead Lime Co., Marblehead (300 West Washington St. , Chi- cago 6) Menke Stone & Lime Co., 828 Ver- mont St., Quincy Cook Marblehead Lime Co., South Chica- go, Thornton (300 West Washington St. , Chicago 6) The Standard Lime & Cement Co. , LaGrange (2000 1st National Bank Bldg. , Baltimore 3, Maryland) St. Clair Aluminum Co. of America, East St. Louis (1501 Alcoa Bldg., 425 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh 19, Pennsylvania) SILICA SAND PRODUCERS LaSalle The American Silica Sand Co., Inc., 402 Central Life Bldg., Ottawa E. C. Bellrose Sand Co., 1220 West Madison St. , Ottawa Illinois Silica Sand Co. , Box 36, Ottawa LaSalle Silica Co. , Box 437, Ottawa Ottawa Silica Co. , Box 4 37, Ottawa George M. Pendergast & Co., 226 South First St. , Milwaukee, Wis- consin Standard Silica Co. , Box 407, Ottawa Wedron Silica Co., 135 South LaSalle St. , Chicago 3 Ogle National Silica Co. , Oregon 36 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATURAL BONDED MOLDING SAND PRODUCERS Bureau Frank J. Poscharscky, Wyanet Sand & Gravel, Wyanet Can-oil Albert A. Nicol, Nicol Sand Co. , Box 209, Savanna Fayette Mulberry Grove Sand Co. , Charles D. Lutz & Sons, Mulberry Grove Henry Oberlaender Sand Go. , 519| 15th St. , Moline Kankakee Portage-Manley Sand Co. , Essex Winnebago South Beloit Sand Co. , 228 North LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 TRIPOLI AND GANISTER PRODUCERS Alexander Ozark Minerals Co. , 807^ Washing- ton Ave. , Cairo (tripoli) Tamms Industries, Inc., 228 North LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 (tripoli) Western Fire Brick Co. , 16th & Mad- ison, Granite City (ganister) Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 2 30 36 p., 6 figs., 17 tables, 1957 nnmzii CIRCULAR 238 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URBANA