THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY From the collection of JULIUS DCERUER, Chicago Purchased, 1918. 03 Z /Yl44t Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library rrcj i f U fij. ' 'i i J D L L161—H41 •AKRY. T'RAMKLU AKUOLD 1NSTAVRATIO . MAO/jlMm FkANCfSCVS BACOWS&C COOITAVIT I NO DOV BT, THE SOVEREIGNTY OF MAN L I E T H HID IN Iff NOW is®®!; WHEREIN MANY THINGS ARE RESERVED, WHICH KINGS WITH THEIR TREASVRE CANNOT BVY, NOR WITH THEIR FORCE COMMAND. \ JlrziSc .. ---j( a ^ Jn : ' -Ti 7 :TT' c.7y^-€>7/7AyU^3C??J\yfii07U6r??/-wSts/tJS,spur// THK TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE AND / fibnurg of BY SAMUEL MAUNDER REVISED THROUGHOUT BY B. B. WOODWARD, B.A. F.S.A/ AND MEMBER OF THE PHILOLOGICAt S9CI3TY ASSISTED BT JOHN MORRIS SOLICITOR, LONDON AND W. HUGHES, F.R.G.S. EDITOR OF ** M.VUNDER’S TREASURY OF GEOGRAPHY,” AUTHOR OF ** A MiNUAL 07 GE0QRA7H7” NEW EDITION. LONDOM LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO. 1876 0 82 -. /A PREFACE TO THE NEW AND REVISED EDITION. The utility of Maunder’s “TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE,” and the excellence of its plan, having secured for it a sale amounting now to upwards of one hundred thousand copies, it would be superfluous to recommend it to that numerous class who require a “Library or Reference” in the compendious form of a single volume. Vanous'corrections and improvements had, from time to time,been introduced, but of late years, the advancement of knowledge has, in every department, been so great and rapid, that the publishers resolved to reconstruct and reprint the work entirely, that it might more completely meet the wants and requirements of the present time. In preparing this edition, therefore, the whole work has been sub¬ jected to the most careful revision; errors have been corrected; what was anti¬ quated has been rewritten; new matter has been added; the arrangement of its parts has been modified; and, in a word, no pains have been spared to render it more than ever worthy of the esteem and patronage it has so long enjoyed. The “ Compendious English Grammar" in this edition is entirely new. It con¬ sists of two parts. The First Part shows, by the analysis of a passage from Lord Bacon’s Essays, how the Grammar of English Language can be studied practically, and yet so exactly and thoroughly, as to enable one, who is acquainted with his mother-tongue alone, to apprehend the secret of using it with force and accuracy. The Second Part is an original treatise, in which, by the adoption of a perfectly intelligible system, all the great facts and principles of English Grammar are ex¬ hibited, without the intervention of the inapplicable and misleading forms of the old Grammars; and so as to bring within the reach of all Borne of the most important discoveries of modern Philology. “ A Concise History of the English Language" has been appended to it, and copious tables, illustrating the “ Derivation and Formation of English Words." Great attention has been given to the revision of the “ New and Enlarged English Dictionary." Several thousands of words, now completely obsolete, or used as tech¬ nical terms alone, have been removed, and replaced by a larger number of good words in general use, but not contained in former editions of this work,and in many instances not found in any English Dictionary hitherto published. The significa¬ tions have throughout been corrected, and, wherever needful, extended. The ac¬ centuation has been revised. And, as fitting appendages to the Dictionary, the lists of Scripture Proper Names, with those of Christian Names, the tables of Verbal Distinctions, and the lists of common Abbreviations (carefully revised and corrected), have been placed next to it. The Proverbs, Terms, Phrases, £e.,have been newly arranged and translated. And the Mottoes, which in this, as in all former editions, surround the pages, have been subjected to a careful examination. A considerable number, on account of their incorrectness, or for other reasons, have been removed ; and others, more in harmony with the general scope and tenor of the book, substituted for them. 465027 - .jj*. ^ preface. The revision of the Gazetteer and of the Geographical Tables (which are now brought together) has been effected by Mr W. Hughes, the Editor of the “ Treasury of Geography,” who has, by the excision of whatever was erroneous or out of date, and the insertion of the results of all the most recent discoveries and observations, rendered this portion of the work, although so compendious, of the highest value and usefulness. Every article of the Classical Dictionary has been written anew, and the greatest care in the selection of the subjects exercised, that it might be, not a mere Classical Dictionary, but (what was so much required) a compendium of Classical History, Mythology , Biography, and Geography. In the same way the Chronology has been converted into a Compendium of Modern History; by selecting for insertion lists of the Sovereigns of the great States of Europe, with detailed notices of our own Kings and Queens; and the Battles, Sieges, and other events, which have signalized the course of Modern History, and the advance of mankind to its present condition. The Peerage has been entirely recast; and besides being corrected, from the best authorities, to the date of publication, is rendered more generally interesting and useful, by the addition of second titles, with those given by courtesy to the eldest sons, the dates of creations, and an Alphabetical List of Mottoes, to enable those who do not understand armorial heraldry, to determine the family to which any Baronial Escutcheon may belong. .... .. Such important changes have taken place in Laws and Legislation within the last few years, that it has been necessary completely to rewrite the Law Dictionary, 6sc. This, which is the work of John Morris, Esq., an eminent lawyer in exten¬ sive practice in the metropolis, will be found not only much fuller than before, bat bo correct and intelligible, as to be a trustworthy guide in all ordinary exigencies. The Useful Tables have, in this edition, been classified; and those relating to Commercial affairs, not only thoroughly revised, and adapted to the most recent regula¬ tions and usages, but extended by the addition of Tables of Foreign Money, ^ eight* and Measures, &c.. which cannot fail to prove of the highest utility. In the Scientific and Miscellaneous division, also, similar additions and improvements will be found By these means, it is hoped that, as far as the bulk and the plan of the work will allow, this new edition of the “Treasury of Knowledge ” will prove no unworthy contribution to the means by which those who have the welfare of their fellow-countrymen most a heart, are endeavouring to put within the reach of every rank the ^ e “ efi ^^^ eSS ^ of a sound and practical education. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE PRESENT EDITION. IN the Edition now issued care ha* been taken to make whatever changes and eom> tions have been rendered necessary by the course of events up to the present year (1 7 . The work has further been submitted to a general revision, which it is hoped ma> still further increase its usefulness. CONTENTS. PAGE A Compendious ENGLISH GRAMMAR ; to which is added, a Concise History of the English Language, with Illustrations of the De¬ rivation and Formation of "Words.1 A New and Enlarged DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 60 Explanation of the ABBREVIATIONS, &c., used in this Dictionary 404 General Directions for the PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS . . . 405 SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES, accented for Pronunciation . . 406 CHRISTIAN NAMES of Men and "Women. 416 ENGLISH VERBAL DISTINCTIONS, with occasional Illustrations . 417 ABBREVIATIONS explained. 429 PROVERBS, TERMS, AND PHRASES, in the Latin, French, Italian, and Spanish Languages, with English Translations ; . 431 A New and Compendious UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, derived from the latest and best Authorities. 445 POPULATION OF EUROPEAN CAPITALS.721 POPULATION AND OTHER STATISTICAL TABLES.722 A List of the CITIES, BOROUGHS, AND MARKET TOWNS in the United Kingdom ; the Number of Members returned to Parliament; the Days on which the Markets are held; the Distances from Lon¬ don, &c.725 A List of ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL PRODUCTIONS, with the Names of the Countries producing them 734 dDontents _ PAGE A Compendious CLASSICAL DICTIONARY of the History, Biography, Geography, and Mythology of Greece and Rome ..... 740 A Compendium of MODERN CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY . . .8(2 CORRESPONDENCE OF ERAS with the Year 1875 . . . . . . 831 Synopsis of the PEERAGE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM . . . .833 Index to the MOTTOES OF THE PEERAGE . . . . # .843 CORONETS of the Princes of the Blood and of the Peerage . . . .84? PRIVILEGES, &c., of the Peers. 849 Tarles of PRECEDENCY.. . 849 Forms of EPISTOLARY ADDRESS . , # # # . .861 A Compendious LAW DICTIONARY.. An Abstract of THE PRINCIPAL TAX ACTS ....... 878 COMMERCIAL TABLES.. # # m TRANSFER DAYS, DIVIDENDS, &c.. 893 HOLIDAYS AT BANK, CUSTOMS, Ac. . TERMS,. ••*... 893 LONDON CAB FARES .. . POSTAL RATES . . *. . SCIENTIFIC AND MISCELLANEOUS TABLES. . EX. IT IS NO USE ATTEMPTING TO LEARN GRAMMAR, WITHOUT WE ATTEND TO ITS RULES EX.—MY FATHER SENT HIM An u i TO SCHOOL. COMPENDIOUS ENGLISH GRAMMAR; TO WHICH IS ADDED, A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE DERIVATION AND FORMATION OF WORDS. “ Grammar is, as it were, the road to all other kinds of knowledge.”— Bacon, De Aug. lib. vi. cap. x. I. A Practical Method op acquiring a Knowledge op English Grammar. 1. Grammar is the science of language, and its principal use is to enable those who study it to express their thoughts with correctness and propriety, so as to be un¬ derstood by those whom they address. It must always be remembered that grammars can only define, but cannot de¬ termine, the correct use of language. T his depends, in every instance, upon the forms of thought and meaning to be conveyed; and in all languages was settled and em¬ ployed long before the studies of fgram- mai’ians commenced. And at this very time it maj be seen how completely pow¬ erless are all the grammatical treatises on our own tongue, now existing, to prevent such changes as the disuse of the subjunc¬ tive mood of verbs, &c., from being made in the forms of the English language; by which the power of expressing some finer shades of meaning must be greatly cir¬ cumscribed, if not entirely lost. The best method, therefore, to be pur¬ sued by any one who desires to become practically and thoroughly acquainted with his mother tongue, is carefully to read some select works of our best authors, in the manner now to be described, with the help of such a compendious grammar as that contained in the following pages. This method, by the peculiar interest it excites, relieves the study of all drudgery; and at the same time furnishes one of the most satisfactory means of intellectual training, and an available introduction to the study of any other language to* which the attention may afterwards be directed. 2. The following paragraphs form the commencement of Lord Bacon’s Essay, “ Of Studies.” “ 1. Studies serve for delight, for orna¬ ment, and for ability. 2. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of busi¬ ness. 3. For expert men can execute and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one ; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. 4. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affecta tion; to make judgment only by their rules is the humour of a scholar. 5. They perfect nature, and are perfected by ex¬ perience ; for natural abilities are like na¬ tural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth di¬ rections too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 6. Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them: for they teach not their own use ; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. 7. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.” 3. In the first paragraph we find some¬ thing spoken of, “ studies,” and something said about them,viz. that they “serve” for certain purposes, as “ for delight,” “ ornament,” and “ ability.” The several parts may be arranged thus■ Studies . . . serve for delight, for ornament, and for t ability. They are thus distinguished according to their offices in the paragraph, which can readily be noticed, w r hen thus arranged, without the employment of any names for them. 4. The paragraph numbered (2) may be arranged in this manner ’ for delight Their chief use . . • • • is • • • lU \ b Here the three purposes mentioned in the formerparagraph are the things spoken of; and certain things are said about each of { privateness and [ retiring, for ornament . is ... in discourse, and . (judgment \ . for ability ... is ... in the < and | of business. ( disposition; them, though not exactly In the same manner as those purposes were said to be answered by “ studies,” above. These two U U * P 0 b H C b c * w H H C W P m in W fc P P4 < r-\ s o £ ◄ w p o H H P a w H H < O H H 03 P o X E* O cn >* w uj KEY.—MY FATHER SENT HIM AND ME TO SCHOOL. EX.—BILLS ARE REQUESTED TO BE PAID HALF-YEARLY. % Compendious lEngltsfi Grammar. parts, therefore,—something spoken of, and something said about it,—we may note as essential to a complete and intelligible sentence of the kind before ns; and we may adopt the names given to them by grammarians — Subject and Predicate : which, signifying precisely what has just been saia, require no further explana¬ tion. 5. Paragraph (3) we.arrange thus For’... expert men o a M w t= H P O a < a a < a o W CJ < H < a tc p O O H o CO P a P p a p o p o a a o C/5 I Pd i- come hut ... the general counsels and the {and 8 lof affairs C marshalling J Both Subjects and Predicates here are somewhat complex. “ Expert ” is prefixed to “men:” “general” to “counsels;” and to “ the plots and marshalling ” are appended the words “ of affairs; ” just as in paragraph (2) “ chief ” was prefixed to “use,” and “for delight, for ornament, and for ability ” added to the same word, with the evident intention of circumscrib¬ ing and defining it. And with a similar intention, the meaning of “ can execute and judge of” is carried out and completed by “ particulars ” and “ one by one; ” and that of the latter Predicate, “can judge of,” is further limited by the word, “ perhaps,” being attached to it. In the second part of the paragraph, also, “ from those that are learned,” and “ best,” are appended to the Predicate “ come.” And so in paragraph (1), “ for delight, for orna¬ ment, and for ability,” follow the word “ serve ;” and in paragraph (2), after “ is,” comes “ in privateness and retiring, in discourse It is evident, that these appended words and phrases, although they are of the high¬ est moment to the full and precise expres¬ sion of the thoughts ; when regard is had to the structure of the sentences alone, are not essential, but subordinate parts there¬ of. And they have accordingly received from grammarians distinct names; those employed to describe and define subjects being designated attributives ; and those employed with predicates,—for the pur¬ pose of modifying and supplementing them meaning,— objects; which terms we will use for the future, to avoid trouble and confusion. „ ... 6. But we may observe further, that the attributives, which have occurred in these paragraphs, are of two kinds. One kind (like the subjects) consists of names of things, called by grammarians nouns ; as “ delight,” ‘'ornament,” “ability,” “ business,” “affairs;” and these have be¬ fore them the little words" of”and“for,” which, are known as prepositions, to at¬ tach them to the subjects. The other kind consists of epithets merely, and not of names, as “ chief,” “expert,” “ general;” and they are called adjectives. In paragraph (3) we find another word, “the,” used very much in the same way as adjectives are used; except that its sole force is to point to the subject particularly spoken of; whence it has been named the demonstrative. And in paragraph (2) there Is a word, “ their,” in form closely resembling it; but (in this instance) meaning, “ of studies.” It is plainly an { execute 'j f particulars, and >' ’ * \ one by one, judge of j.perhaps; f from those that are learned \ best. adjective; but it is also called a pronoun, from its being thus used instead of a noun. One other word. “ and,” which occurs in the subjects or these paragraphs, re¬ quires a passing glance. Its use is obvi¬ ous ; it connects certain parts of sentences together, so as to save much repetition, and the inconveniences that must result from it; and it is designated a conjunction. 7. Before we speak of the different kinds of objective words and phrases which we meet with in these paragraphs, some fur¬ ther notice should be taken of the predi¬ cates. In paragraph (1), and in the second example in paragraph (3), they are per¬ fectly simple, consisting of the words “ serve ” and “come ” alonewords which convey assertions, and speak of some sort of action, and are called verbs. “ Can exe¬ cute and judge of ” (observe the use of the conjunction) are also verbs, but the latter has a preposition attached to it, to bring it into a particular relation with the ob¬ jects that follow; and to both of them is prefixed the word “can,” which alters their force from the assertion of action, to the assertion of the mere capability of it. In paragraph (2), again, we have for predicates, “ in privateness and retiring,” in “ discourse,” &c .<—which are plainly nouns "with prepositions; and the quality of predicates is given to them by the em¬ ployment of the word “ is ” with each, which changes them from attributives in¬ to assertions. “ Is ” must consequently be called a verb, although it only expresses being, and not action. The complex cha¬ racter of these predicates must be ob¬ served; and the conjunctions, the de¬ monstrative, and the addition of the at¬ tributive, “of business,” to one of them (which happens because they are actually nouns), carefully noted. 8. Turning now to the objects, we see in paragraph (1) that they indicate the pur¬ pose or effect of the action expressed by the verb ; and, in this example, are nouns attached to the verb by the help of prepo¬ sitions,—” for delight,” “ for ornament,” &c. In paragraph (3), the first object, “ particulars,” which is also a noun, indi¬ cates that on which the action represent¬ ed by the verbs, “ execute and judge of,” takes effect. Observe also, that just as in the words “studies,” “plots,” and “af¬ fairs,” the fact that more than one of the kind is meant, is shown by the addition ol the letter “ s ” to the ordinary word ; whilst in the instance of “ men,” the same fact is indicated by the change of the vowel sound from “ a ” in “ man.” * o 1 0 H t-t P O a ■< s a O a o » S > ◄ a i n A o o a o to a A P P a p o P O W a o to I h H a KEY.— IT IS REQUESTED THAT BILLS BE PAID HALF-YEARLY. JESUS CHRIST WAS CRUCIFIED, DEAD, AND BURIED. % Compendious Hmgltsf; (Grammar. w t-5 w ◄ H O K Ph 03 W Pi A < K O A << A Pi * a a a KEY.'—HE WAS EXCEEDINGLY KIND TO ME. EX.—EVERY MAN SHOULD ACT CONFORMABLE TO niS CHARACTER AND STATION. EX.—THE GREATEST CRITICS DIFFER AMONG ONE ANOTHER. % ©ompentrious lEngltsf) (Grammar. In the first three sentences there is no¬ thing new to observe, except the use of the conjunction “and,” without any ab¬ breviation or condensation; it here serves only to combine all three assertions to¬ gether, so that the reasons assigned in the remainder of the paragraph are seen to apply equally to all. we may, how¬ ever, notice the fact, that the association of the several attributives with their ob¬ jects is effected entirely by juxtaposition ; there being nothing in the forms of the words specially to indicate their relation to the words they belong to. But the relation of the predicates to their subjects is shown by the agreement of their forms in one essential particular, called by gram¬ marians number. Thus in paragraph (2) the noun “ use,” which is the subject, ex¬ presses but one thing; and the form of the verb, “is,” applies to no more than one; whilst in paragraph (5), “they” (which is equivalent to “studies”) and “ abilities,” referring to more things than one, have the form of the verb “ are/’ which also applies to more than one, in the predicates following them. And simi¬ larly here. the subjects being in the plural number, “ men,” the verbs in the predi¬ cates are also in the plural, “contemn,” “ admire,” “use.” In like manner the place occupied by the word “studies,” snows it to be the object of the verb “ contemn; ” but the re¬ lation of the objects to the predicates in the other two sentences is indicated not only by their position, but (as we have before observed) also, and more certainly, by the form employed, “ them.” 16. Little needs to be said respecting the first sentence, which is introduced by the conjunction “for,” most of its forms being familiar; but we may note the use of the word“ own.” an adjective render¬ ing the pronoun, “ their,” emphatic. In the last sentence the subject is not a rela¬ tive, but a demonstrative pronoun, and its reference to the “use” of “studies” is shown by the order of the words, or, as the grammarians say, by the construc¬ tion. Besides this, only the attributives to the predicate, which is here a noun, require remark; for two of them, “ with¬ out them, and above them,” are pronouns attached by prepositions, exactly as we have seen nouns attached, in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), but showing their subor¬ dinate position to the subject, by being in ciple with an object expressiv This participle is not formed in the same way as those were formed which we have before met with. “ Perfect-ed ” and “ bound-ed ” have been made by the addi¬ tion of the final syllable: but “ won ” is formed by the change of the vowel in the verb “ win.” 17. The last paragraph (7) we thus ar¬ range to | contradict and confute; Read ' not { believe and take for granted; (talk nor . to find < and (discourse; { weigh and consider. Here we have a predicate, “ read,” and a considerable number of objects, but there is no subject; yet the sense is com¬ plete. There is, however, no assertion made by the verb; on the contrary, it conveys a command; and the subject, if expressed, would not occupy the cus¬ tomary place to the left of the predicate, but would come between it and the ob¬ jects. Grammarians distinguish the forms of verbs which signify commands as the imperative mood. The four principal groups of objects belong to one and the same class, that which expresses the pur¬ pose or design of the action; and they are so combined by the conjunctions, “nor ” and “ but,” as to enable a single verb to act as predicate to them all. The con¬ junction, “nor,” serves to give to the se¬ cond and third groups the same negative character that is imparted to the first by the negative obj ect “ not; ” and the fourth is contrasted with allthe preceding groups, as stating the design that should be kept in view in reading, by the use of “ but.” In the expression, “ to take for grant¬ ed,” we have a participle attached to a verb by means of a preposition, as an ob¬ ject needful to complete it; and the next group shows two nouns. “ talk and dis¬ course,” combined by the conjunction “ and,” so as to spare the repetition of the verb “ to find,” to which they both serve as “ objects.” 18. From this illustration, extending only to seven paragraphs—and those neither long nor very greatly complicated—may be seen, both whatEnglish grammar actually is, and what a large and clear knowledge of its facts and laws may be attained by the plan of study which we have iecommend- ed. It may also be seen how completely language is the product and representa¬ tion of the thought or meaning of those who speak or write; and how subordinate is the office of the grammarian—limited, in fact, to the elucidation and interpreta¬ tion of the forms and principles of lan¬ guage, by the most general laws and forms of thought. For not only cannot the gram¬ marian determine what forms shall be used, and what discountenanced and avoided; but he cannot possibly frame his declensions and conjugations,'his con- v* w KEY.—"THE GREATEST CRITICS DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. EVERY MAN SHOULD ACT CONFORMABLY WITH HIS CHARACTER AND STATION I - * ' — ' - :-— EX,—I EXPECTED TO HAVE FOUND HIM HERE. 6 % (£omptntrtcms lEngltsf) Grammar. cords and governments, so as to provide a place for everv combination and inflexion, and mode or giving expression to the infinitely diversified shades of meaning, even in the language of common life. 19. The following example will show how easy it is to analyse and arrange the most complicated paragraphs, so as to ex¬ hibit, without the employment of a single technical term, every fact both of Ety¬ mology and Syntax contained in it. The passage is from Locke’s “ Essay concern¬ ing Human Understanding.” Book iv. chap. i. § 1. “ God, having designed man for a so¬ ciable creature, made him not only with an inclination, and under a necessity, to have fellowship with those of his own kind, but furnished him also with lan¬ guage, which was to be the great instru¬ ment and common tie of society.” n. A Compendious English Grammar. •giag cr? a B CO 15 'W 3 o 2 p O p B 1. Grammar is divided into two parts,— one which treats of the classification, formation, derivation, and inflection of words by themselves, and is called Ety¬ mology;—and another, which treats of uie combination of words into sentences, &c., and is called Syntax. In this short treatise the formation and derivation of words are not included un¬ der Etymology, but are added by way of illustration to the concise History of the English Language, which forms the con¬ cluding portion of it. By this means, not only is some repetition spared, but, bein°- disencumbered of that which is rather curious than useful, this Etymology is rendered more serviceable to those for whom it is specially intended. Both Etymology and Syntax, it must be observed, are arranged, in the first place, with a view to assist in a study of the English language of the kind we have de¬ scribed above; and next, to present such an elucidation of its principal facts, and such an interpretation of its most important laws, as shall give to those who consider them attentively, some real and practical knowledge of their own tongue. And with the same intent, those technicalities only have been introduced, and those ex¬ amples selected, which might be expected to aid in the simplification and explana¬ tion of the subject. 2. ETYMOLOGY. Letters, &c— 1 There are twenty-six letters in the English AJ- phabet; which have always been arranged in the following order, and are of these forms in Homan type: A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, Ff,Gg, H h, I i, J j, Kk. LI, M m Nn, O o, P p, Qq, It r, § s,T t, U u, Y v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z. The number of sounds to be represented by these letters is estimated at about forty • and, in consequence, several of them have to stand for more sounds than one. It is somewhat remarkable that, since this is the case, the letters c, q, and x should be superfluous; the two sounds of c being represented by « and k, as in cell, sell; calends, /calends ; q, being al¬ ways followed by u, with the sound ex¬ pressible by kw; and the sounds of x dif¬ fering in no respect from those of ks, gz , and z (in some words borrowed from the French). It would be of considerable advantage, if symbols for the sounds re¬ presented now by the combinations of letters, ch, sh, th, ng, &c., could be devised and introduced; but this is a matter of such great difficulty, as to be almost impossible. . 3. The twenty-six letters are divided into two classes—Yowels and Consonants. The vowels are, a e, i, o, u ; and with them w and y ought to be placed. They represent the sounds which are produced by the transmission of the voice through the mouth, whilst the cavity is more or less enlarged in different directions. All the rest are named consonants, and repre¬ sent the sounds produced when the voice is interrupted by the voluntary action of the throat, tongue, palate, nose, teeth, and lips. KEY-—I EXPECTED TO FIND HIM HERE IES WHOM WE HAVE MOST TO FEAR ARE OUR OWN HEARTS. EX.—HE TAXES PRECEDENCE OF THE WHOLE PEERS OF GREAT BRITAIN, BX.—HAVING INCAUTIOUSLY LAID DOWN ON THE GROUND . 1 % (£ompentftmts Grammar* 7 Our vowel sounds differ from those of all other languages of Europe; one of the sounds which we express by a, they ex¬ press by e; where we write e, they write i; where we use *, they employ ei; and our u corresponds with their eu. The na¬ tural-series of vowel sounds, expressed in letters of our alphabet, is ee, ay, ah, ohf^oo. The combinations of vowel sounds, called diphthongs and triphthongs, such as ae, ai,au, ei,ie, oe, oi,ou, eau,& c.,express the [Smooth. Sudden. Gradual. Guttural; k, c, q g Dental t a Labial p b The ch here is the terminal sound of the Scotch word “ loch; ” and the gh, that of the Irish word “lough.” The letter h finds no place in this scheme, because it is, in fact, nothing but a sign of the trans¬ mission of the breath called “ aspiration,” and not of a sound at all. The sibilants may be classified thus:— Sudden. Gradual. Dental a, c z Dental and Palatal sh cTi(est) Dental and Guttural (a)z (ure) j And the liquids may be arranged in this manner:— « ?TV ,_ 7a ( Guttural r Simple \ palatal j i Guttural (ki)«£ Nasal < Dental » (Labial m The letter x represents the sounds of ks, gs, and sometimes of z. 5. Of the sounds expressed by the com¬ position of various letters, both vowels and consonants, nothing more can be said, than that some of them are identical with sounds treated of above; and others are compounded of such sounds. Thus the sound of the word buoy is identical with that of boy ; and in “ adhesive,” the sound d is pronounced distinctly, and followed by the aspirate, or hard-breathing, h. 6. Derivation and Formation of Words. — With the History of our Tongue, which follows this Grammar, the subject is illus¬ trated so as to show the relation of the English language to other languages, which have formerly existed, or are spoken at the present day. Here only the “ in¬ ternal relations ” of words are regarded; and the sole purpose is the illustration of the manner in which, from the radical words, wherein may be traced the ethno¬ logical connections of the English race, other words have in various ways been formed by the natural vitality and power of the language. 7. Radical words (called by etymolo ¬ gists “ roots,” simply) are either nouns, verbs, adjectives, or pronouns; expressive of common things, conditions, actions, &c. &c. Primary Derivatives are constructed by slight changes in the vowel-sounds, or in the consonants, or in both; and are sometimes designated “stems.” Second¬ ary Derivatives are formed by means of prefixes and affixes, from both roots and primary derivatives. Ex.^ intermediate sounds of this series, but they also do not correspond with those of the other European languages. 4. Consonants are divided into three orders, Mutes, Sibilants, and Liquids; and these are further suDdivided according to the organs employed in giving utterance to them. Thus the mutes are classified first as Smooth or Aspirated, and next in the following manner; the sounds for which we have no symbols being inserted in their proper places Aspirated. Sudden. Gradual. ch (not English) gh (not English) Heal {to co- ( hell, hole' hellish, hol¬ der, or hide) ( hale,health low, healer Lead lode“.‘ l {^lead Lend loan Lie lay, law {Vlf/la'VTr Lose loss, loose loser, unloose Man ( mannikin, M:in {manhood Milk milch Pin pen, pound Pride proud „ (Be)reave raven ravenous Rise raise, rouse arise, arouse See sight sightly Shake shock shocking Stag song { Sit set, seat settle, settler Speak speech {gf^eak Stick stake, stitch KEY.—HAVING INCAUTIOUSLY LAIN DOWN ON THE GROUND. ■HE TAXES PRECEDENCE OF ALL THE PEERS OF GREAT BRITAIN. AT THAT PERIOD I WISHED ANYBODY WOULD HANG ME A HUNDRED TIMES. EX.—WE ALL SEEMED TO BE NEARLY DRESSED ALIKE. 8 % ©ompattrious lEngltsi) (Grammar. Roots. Prim. Deriv. Second deriv. Strike stroke Strong strength Tell tale Trow truth truthfulness Wake watch { Weave woof, web Win winsome Work wright Wring } wrongful w (writhe, vvry (wreath 8. Derivative words are also formed by composition ; that is, by the construction of a single word out of two or more words, each capable of being used independently. These compounds differ entirely from the secondary derivatives, and arc found in every class of English words. They are not, however, so numerous in our tongue as in the German; and in that they are less common than in the Greek language. Ex. Sunshine, fairhaired, thunderstorm, harvestman, daybreak, nevertheless, there¬ fore, into, everlasting, midnight, noontime, elsewhere, however, undersell ? overturn, be¬ cause, hedgerow, warehouseman, earth¬ quake, steamengine, railroad. 9. Classes of words. —The classification of words depends upon their signification as parts of sentences, which will be treated of under the head of “ Syntax.” The fol¬ lowing will, however, suffice as an intro¬ duction to this part of the Grammar; and the nature of Subjects and Predicates, At¬ tributives and Objects, with the various means of expressing the relations between them, will be treated of in the succeeding division. Names of things, persons, and of what¬ ever exists even in imagination, are called Nouns, and sometimes Substantives. Ex. Tree, stone; man, boy; Caesar, Welling¬ ton ; virtue, hope. Words expressing an assertion respect¬ ing an action or condition, or the recep¬ tion of the consequences oi an action, or simply respecting existence, are called Verbs. Ex. To run; to strike; to sleep, to be ; to be beaten. Attributives which can only in figur¬ ative language be used without a noun (which they qualify in some way) are called Adjectives. Ex. Good, bad, green, high, everlasting. These are the three principal classes of words, which represent distinct notions of things, persons, actions, qualities, &c. &c., formed in the mind. Other words ex¬ press not so much the notions w r e have formed, as the connection of those notions with each other, or their relations to us, or some of the infinitely various associations of thoughts. 10. Pronouns serve not only to prevent the too frequent repetition of the same nouns, but yet more to indicate the rela¬ tion of the persons or things spoken of to the speaker. Such are the Personal Pro¬ nouns. Others are used as attributives, but they also show the relations of the sub¬ jects they characterize to the speaker. Ex. I, thou, he, they; mine, thine; this, those; whom, what. Whatever exists, or acts, or is acted upon, is regarded as being, or acting, or being acted on, in some particular time, place, manner, &c.; and these modifica¬ tions of the simple notions indicated by the verb are expressed by a class of w'ords called Adverbs. Ex. Now, where, so, seldom, perhaps. Many of the relations of notions one to another, also, are those of place, time, manner, means, &c.; and these are express¬ ed by words called Prepositions, which serve to connect nouns and pronouns with other norms and pronouns, and with verbs. Ex. From, by, of, to, after. The connection of things, &c., with each other, and of thoughts with other thoughts, is shown bv means of Conjunc¬ tions. Ex. And, or, but, though, for. Numerals are in part names, and in part attributives and adverbs ; and therefore do not properly form a class by themselves. Ex. Two, four, six ; first, tenth, hundredth ; firstly, secondly, lastly. Interjections, which are expressions of emotions, such as fear, ioy, pain, wonder, &c., and not of thought, and the greater number of which are rather sounds than w'ords, cannot be noticed in a grammar; although it is convenient to have such a class to which certain expressions which occur in the Dictionary may be referred. Ex. Ah! 0! Ha! 11/ Nouns. The Gender of Nouns is de¬ termined by the sex of the persons or beings they represent, being called Mas¬ culine or Feminine, as they are the names of males or females. Beings without na¬ tural sex, things, without life, and abstrac¬ tions, are called Neuter. Figuratively, sex is attributed to many beings naturally having no such distinc¬ tion, and to abstractionsEx. The sun, he is setting; the moon, she is rising; charity, she is the child or heaven. Very small beings, whatever sex they may be of, and those whose sex is not their dis¬ tinctive characteristic, are spoken of as neuter. Ex. The ant, it is a patron of fore¬ sight and prudence; the child, it knows not w r hat it does. Very few words, in English, have ter¬ minations, or other specialties of form, in¬ dicative of their gender; the following are examples of the only kinds, and they are not numerous. Ex. Arbiter, Arbitress ; Prosecutor, Prosecutrix; Margrave; Mar¬ gravine; he-bear, she-bear; Man-servant, Maid-servant. In other instances differ¬ ent words are appropriated to the two sexes, but without any peculiarity of termination. Ex. Brother, Sister ; Horse, Mare; King, Queen. 12. The only distinction of Number is that bet ween one and more than one; the ordinary forms expressing the former, and being called Singular; and special forms being used for the latter, called Plural. Most commonly, s or (when it ends in a sibilant or x) es is added to the singular. Ex. Sword, swords ; fish, fishes. Words ending in / or fe generally make their plu¬ rals in ves. Ex. Calf, calves; life . lives, But all words ending in ff, except; staff. KEY.—WE ALL SEEMED TO BE DRESSED NEARLY ALIKE. KEY.—AT THAT FBRIOD I WISHED A HUNDRED TIMES SOMEBODY WOULD HANG ME. EX.—THERE IS A GREAT NUMBER OF EXCEEDING GOOD "WRITERS AMONG THE FRENCH. EX.~NEITHER POVERTY NOR RICHES "WAS INJURIOUS TO Him. ^ (£ompcntuous lEngltsl) (Grammar. 91 staves, aucl several words in / or/e, add s without any change or letters for the plural. Ex. Whiff, whiffs; grief, griefs; fife, fifes. Those ending in o, preceded by a vowel, add s only; but if a consonant precede the o, soresis added. Ex. Cameo, cameos ; ratio, ratios ; cargo, cargoes ; vol¬ cano, volcanoes; portico, porticos; solo, solos. Words ending in y after a conso¬ nant have ics in the plural. Ex. fly, flies; history, histories. A very few change the vowel sound of the singular. Ex. Foot, feet; goose, geese; tooth, teeth; woman, women (pronounced wimmen). One adds en to the singular, —ox, oxen. One both changes the vowel and adds en, — brother, brethren. Besides these, the following must be noted. Child makes children in the plural. Mouse !has mice, and louse, lice; but it is the spelling only which is peculiar. Penny has two plurals; when coins are meant, pennies, but when money is spoken of, pence. In like manner die, signifying a stamp for coining, has dies; but when it means a cube used in play, dice. Pea has peas and pease, the latter signifying peas collectively, or used for food. Kine is sometimes used as a plural to cow. Peer, sheep, swine, are used in both num¬ bers; and (when spoken of as food) fish, cod, salmon, %c. The names of metals are made plural only when employed to sig¬ nify some particular things composed of them. Ex. Irons, coppers, brasses. Ar¬ ticles of trade and commerce which, in ordinary language, are never used in the plural form, have plural forms in the market. Ex. Cloth, oil, sugar, tea, Sfc. On the other hand, beast, which has a regular and commonly used plural, is employed in the singular form alone by Smithfield salesmen. Words signifying abstract quali¬ ties seldom take the plural form, because they cannot have a plural meaning, except when used figuratively. Ex. The honours of the world; the decencies of life. Names of measures, weights, of some numbers, and of terms employed numerically, are in some instances used in the singular form, with a plural meaning. Ex. A ten -pound, note, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, an army of eighty thousand men, twelve dozen of wine, three brace of dogs, a fleet of twenty sail, twelve thousand foot and three thousand horse, fifteen thousand stand of arms, a hundred head of cattle, each weighing thirty stone. Alms, means, news, pains, and riches, which are plural in form, are used both as singulars and as plurals. Ashes, bellows, breeches, cates, dregs, gallows, pincers, scis¬ sors, and tongs } have no singulars, either in form or meaning. The names of some sci¬ ences, derived from the Greek language, are plural in form, but in meaning singu¬ lar. Ex. Ethics ; hydrostatics, mathematics, mechanics, politics. And so is the term morals. Suds, and wages, plural in form, are singular in signification; and pulse (leguminous seeds), also plxu-al in form, is simply collective in its meaning. 13. Almost all nouns, which have been simply adopted from foreign languages, retain their original plurals; but some have also plurals formed in the English fashion, and in a few instances with a dif¬ ferent meaning. The following is a nearly complete list of these words Singular. Plural. Abacus, abaci. fr»t } acrotcria. Addendum, addenda. Alluvion, alluvium, alluvia. Alto-relievo, alti-relievi. Alumnus, alumni. Amanuensis, amanuenses. AmpMbmm (not J ttmphlbia . Amphora, amphorae. Analysis, analyses. Antenna, antennae. ^otreS), 3 *" 8 ) anthropophagi. Antitheses, antitheses. Apex, apices. Aphelion, aphelia. Aphis, aphides. Apparatus ) apparatus (« long), (u short), j * apparatuses. Appendix, { ap < jg^ CeS > apI>Cn ‘ Aquarium, aquaria, aquariums. Arcanum, arcana. . Asylum, asyla, asylums. a ( automata, automa- Automaton, [ tons. Axis, axes. Bandit, banditti. Basis, bases. Basso-relievo, bassi-relievi. Beau, beaux. Bonvivant, bonsvivans. Calculus, calculi. Calx, calces. Candelabrum, candelabra. Catachresis, cataclireses. Census (n short), { lon 8)> cen ' Chateau, chateaux. Cherub, cherubim, cherubs. Cheval-de-frise, chevaux-de-frise. Chrysalis, { ct ^ Uies ’ ch,7sa ’ Cicerone, ciceroni. Cilium, cilia. Colossus, colossi. Convolvulus, convolvuli. Corps, corps. Crisis, crises. Criterion, criteria. Datum, data. Desideratum, desiderata. Diaeresis, diaereses. Dictum, dicta. Dilettante, dilettanti Dogma, dogmata, dogmas. Effluvium, effluvia. Ellipsis, ellipses. Emphasis, emphases. Emporium, emporia,emporiums. t- ^ (encomia, encomi- Encomium, j U ms. Ephemeris, epheinerides. Erratum, errata. Eulogium, eulogia, eulogiums. Fasciculus, fasciculi. Flambeau, flambeaux. KEY.—NEITHER POVERTY NOR RICHES "WERE INJURIOUS TO HIM. KEY.—THERE ARE A GREAT NUMBER OF EXCEEDINGLY GOOD WRITERS AMONG THE FRENCH. I "LOOKED AT HIM AGAIN, AND WAS GLAD TO FIND HE BREATHED SO MUCH EASIER. EX.—IIE WAS THEN TOO YOUNG TO HAVE FELT HIS LOSS. Singular. Focus, Foramen, Formula, Forum, Fungus, Fulcrum, Genius, Genus, Gymnasium, Hiatus (u short), Hippopotamus, Hypothesis, Inamorato, Ignis-fatuuS, Incubus, Index, Improyisatore, Jeu-d’esprit, Lamina, Larva/, Lusus- (u short) \ naturae, / Lyceum, Macula, Madame (notused), Magus. Mausoleum, Medium, i Memorandum, Memorabile (not! used,, j Menstruum, Mephitis, M etamorphosis, Miasma, Millennium, Minutia (not used), Momentum, Morceau, Monsieur, Narcissus, Nautilus, Nebula, Nidus, Nimbus, Nostrum,, Novus homo. Nucleus, Oasis, Orchis, Ovum, Parenthesis, Parhelion, Perihelion, Phasis, Phenomenon, Polypus, Premium, Proboscis, Prima donna, Radius, Ranunculus, j Regale (not used), Rhombus, Sarcophagus, Savant, Scholium, Scoria, Plural. foci, focuses, foramina, formulae, formulas, fora. fungi, funguses, fulcra. ! genii, aerial beings. geniuses, persons of genius. genera. g ymnasia. iatus («long), hippopotami.) hypotheses, inamorati. ignes-fatui. incubi. r indices, algebraic ex I ponents. | indexes, pointers, ta < lies of contents. improvisator!, jeux-d’esprit. laminae, larvae. lusus- (w long) na¬ turae. lycea, lyceums. maculae. mesdames. magi. mausolea. media. ( memoranda, memo¬ randums. memorabilia. menstrua. mephites. metamorphoses. miasmata. millennia. minutiae. momenta. morceaux. messieurs. narcissi. nautili. - nebulae. nidi. nimbi. nostra. novi homines, nuclei. oases. orchides, orchises, ova. parentheses. parhelia. perihelia. phases. phenomena. polypi. premia, premiums, proboscides, prime donne. radii. ranunculi, ranuncu¬ luses, regalia, rhombi. sarcophagi, savans. scholia, scoriae. Singular. Seraph, Series, Species, Spectrum, Speculum, fea .. - Sphinx, Spicula, Stadium, Stamen, Stigma, Stimulus, Stratum, Stria, Succedaneum, Symposium, Synopsis, Synthesis, Tableau, Terminus, Thesis, Triumvir, Tumulus, Vertebra, Vertex, Virtuoso, Viscus, Vortex, Plural. seraphim, seraphs. series. species. spectra. specula. sphinges, hatch-j moths. sphinxes, [in ’ myth¬ ology. spiculae. stadia. ’stamens, parts of flowers. stamina, the solids of the human body. Stigmata, in botany and surgery. stigmas, marks reproach. stimuli, strata, striae. succedanea. symposia. synopses. syntheses. tableaux. termini. theses. triumviri, triumvirs. tumuli. vertebrae. vertices. virtuosi. viscera. vortices. •of 14. "When a noun is the subject of a sentence it is said to be in the nominative case, and when it Immediately follows a verb or a preposition it is said to be in the objective case. But its form is precisely the same in both cases. Ex. Nom. The man walks; trees grow. Obj. I pity the man; he fells the trees ;—with the man: under the trees. When one noun, in either the singular or plural number, is used along with an¬ other attributively, and indicating its pos¬ sessor or origin, 's (with an apostrophe before it, w hich show's that a vow r el sound has been dropped) is added to the former, except when it ends in a sibilant, when most frequently only the apostrophe is added. Ex. A soldier's life, the soldiers' friend; the jury's verdict, the judges' sen¬ tence ; Thomas's horse (read “ Thomases ”); the fox' (read “foxes”) brush; “He that despised Moses' law died;” “If ye suffer for righteousness' sake, happy are ye.” Declension of a Noun. Plural. Kings. Kings’. Singular. Nominative Case, 1 „ Objective Case, j Possessive Case, Kin g’s, 15. In order to individualize the applica¬ tion of common nouns, two words usually designated articles, one a demonstrative ■pronoun, the, the other a numeral, an (or, as abbreviated before a consonant sound,a) .almost universally precede them. The former, which is called the definite article, is used before nouns of both num- KEY.—HE WAS THEN TOO YOUNG TO FEEL HIS LOSS. KEY, “~ I LOOKED at him again, and was glad to find he breathed so much more easily. EX._THE FOLLOWERS OF MOHAMMED ARE PROHIBITED TO DRINK EITHER "WINE OR SPIRITS. EX.—IN ALL ASIA THE RULERS ARE DESPOTIC. % ©omptntfious lEngltsf) Grammar. 11 bers. Ex. The man, the men ; the horse, the horses. The latter is called the indefinite article, and is used before nouns in the singular number only. Ex. A man, an hour, a tree, an enemy. Proper names, abstract nouns, names of materials, and some other classes of nouns, take the articles only when they are used as common nouns. Ex. Solon, Brutus, hope, fear water, wood ; the Solon of his country; he is a Brutus; the hopes and fears of youth; the water's edge; the wood of the ark. . 16. Verbs. When the action signified by a verb takes effect immediately on any person or thing as its object, the verb is called transitive or active; but when the action is completely described by the verb itself, or when the verb signifies a condi¬ tion, it is called intransitive or neuter. Ex. we suspect deceit, he loves truth; I walk or run, they sleep, vou stand. Many verbs, as may be seen in the English Dictionary, are both active and neuter. Ex. To abate a nuisance, the storm abated; to account a man seise, to account for one's conduct. Transitive verbs are conjugated in two ways, one form, called active, is used when the agent is the subject of the verb. Ex. I esteem him; they speak both French and German; the Allies defeated the Rus¬ sians. The other is used when the agent is the Immediate object of the verb, and is calledpassive. Ex. He is esteemed by me; both French and German are spoken by them; the Russians were defeated by the Allies. In the conjugation of verbs, four moods are distinguished — the indicative, the subjunctive, the imperative, and the in¬ finitive,—and another class of forms,called participles. The indicative is used when the speaker asserts something as actually existing or acting. Ex. He reads, we walk¬ ed, they will consent, thou art punished, I was exalted, you icill be confounded. The subjunctive is used when some possible or probable action or state of being is spoken of. Ex. “ If I be a father, where is mine honour ? ” “ Though thou detain me, I will not eat; ” “ If he were a prophet, he would have known who touched him; ” “ Though these three men were in it, they should de¬ liver neither son nor daughter.” When a command is given, the imperative is em¬ ployed. Ex.' [ Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.” The infinitive mood consists of the sub¬ stantive forms, and the participles of the attributive forms, of the verb to which they belong. The preposition to is pre¬ fixed to all infinitives, except those which follow auxiliary verbs, and such verbs as see, hear, %c., in the active voice. - Ex. “To err is human ; to forgive, divine ;” to have praised, to have been blamed; I saw him weep, he was seen to weep; erring, for¬ given-, “having nothing, and yet possess¬ ing all things.” 17. The three tenses of verbs, or the times in which an action or event may be said to take place, are the present, the past, and the future; and in each of them, it may be considered as indefinitely, or imperfectly, or perfectly, accomplished. Ex. (Index. pres.) I read, (imperf. pres.) I am reading, (perf. pres.) I have read ; (in- def. past) I read, (imperf. past) 1 was read¬ ing, (perf. past) I had read ; (indef. fut.) I shall read, (imperf. fut.) I shall be reading, (perf. fut.) I shall have read. In the sub¬ junctive mood, the tense-forms express the probability or improbability of the event or action spoken of. Ex. (Prob.) “What matter where, if I be still the same ? ” “ Though thou detain me, I will not eat.” (Improb.) “If ye were of the world, the world would love his own.” “ If ye loved me, ye would rejoice.” The imperative mood admits of no dis¬ tinctions of time, but only of the com¬ pleteness or incompleteness of the action commanded. Ex. (Imperf.) Bead thou (perf.) Have done ! In the infinitive mood, the only tense is the present. Ex. (Indef. pres.) to read. imperf. pres.) to be reading, (perf. pres.) o have read. And the participles admit only of the distinctions of completeness and incompleteness of the action spoken of. Ex. (Imperf.) reading, (perf.l read. 18. By means of a class of verbs, called Auxiliary Verbs, the capability of express¬ ing the several relations of mood, tense, &c., is greatly extended and refined. Those tenses which are formed without the as¬ sistance of auxiliaries are called simple tenses, and the others, compound. Ex. We hope, you fear, they fled ; 1 am hoping, thou hast feared, he has fled, toe shall learn. The auxiliary verbs of mood are such as may and can, which express possibility; must, ought, and shall } which express obligation; shall and will, expressing de¬ termination of will; might, could, and woidd, expressing desire; let and may, im¬ plying permission; do, which adds em¬ phasis to assertion, and is employed in negatives and questions, &c. &c. Ex. It may be so, he can do it, you must see that you should obey, “these things ought not so to be," we shall see to that, I will be heard, might it but be so! could we but know it, would he were here! let him do what he will, you may do as you please, we do like simplicity, it does not signify, do you see the meaning t The auxiliary verbs of tense are such as be, be about, be going, begin, do, have, keep, shall, will, &c. Ex. You are chosen, they were lauglimg, we are about to depart, we are going to learn French, I did once think, he has seen too much, they kept expecting what was impossible, he icould dance and sing the whole day long. All the moods, tenses, &c., of the passive forms of verbs are made by the help of the verb be. Ex. I am praised, we were loved, they shall be beaten, to be afflicted, having been disappointed. 19. The only distinctive personal forms are those of the second and third persons singular of the present indefinite tense, and. the second person singular of the past indefinite; all the other persons in each of the simple tenses are alike. Ex. I lead, thou leadest, he leads (leadeth),we lead, you lead, they lead. I lea, thou leddest, he led, we led, you led, they led. Impersonal verbs, of which there are but two in our language (strictly so to be called), are found only in the third per- w KEY.—THROUGHOUT ASIA THE RULERS ARE DESPOTIC. THE FOLLOWERS OP MOHAMMED ARE PROHIBITED FROM DRINKING EITHER WINE OR SPIRITS. Ex -— THE GENIUS 'of HANNIBAL DID NOT SUCCUMB BEFORE THAT OF IHS CONQUEROR. EX.—EVERY BOY MUST ANSWER FOR THEMSELVES. 12 Q Gomptntrious lEugltsl) Grammar.' son singular. Ex. “ Meseems I hear her singing loud,” meseemed; “ methinks he breaks it,” “ methought I saw my late espoused wife.” 11 ut other verbs are often used impersonally. Ex. It rained last night, it liked him well, it behoved him to do the same. 20. By far the greater number of English verbs, including all that have been re¬ cently introduced, and almost all deriva¬ tives, are of the class called weak verbs, that is, they form their past indefinite tenses, and their perfect participles, by the addition of d (or t) ;to the present, or ed when the present ends in d or t. Ex. Hope, hoped; light, lighted. But it must be ob¬ served, there is a great difference between our spoken and our written language, in this particular; the forms of the latter having departed widely from the sounds of the former. Ex. Walk, walked (pron. walkd); step, stepped (pron. slept); stab, stabbed (pron. stabd); bar, barred (pron. bard). The remainder form their past indefi¬ nite tenses and perfect participles either by modifying the verbal sound, and add¬ ing n (or en) for the participle (being of the class called strong verbs); by modify¬ ing the vowel, and adding t for the parti¬ ciple ; by changing the terminal d into t ; or by retaining the present form for both the tense and the participle. But the tendency to uniformity is so strong that many of these verbs have lost one or both of their peculiar forms,'and others have two forms for the past indefinite and per¬ fect participle. 21. The following is a complete list of these verbs, classified mainly by their pre¬ sent forms, yet not without regard to their original forms in the Anglo-Saxon. It must be observed that the original forms of many of these verbs are obsolete, or preserved in provincial usage only (and such forms are enclosed in parentheses) ; and that sometimes the past tense is used for the participle, and sometimes the ter¬ minal n or en has been dropped. First Division. Verbs which change their vowel sounds, and form their per¬ fect participles by adding en or n, or strong verbs. Is* Class. Vowels e and a, becoming e, a, or o. Present Indefinite Tense.) Delve Get Help Melt Sweat Swell Yell Burst (fit Beat Eat Bear (bring forth) Bear (carry) Break Cleave (adhere) Cleave (split) Creep (Ealde) fold Freeze Heave (Queath) Lead Leap Seethe Shear Speak Steal Swear Tear Tread Wear Weave Weep Wreak Wreathe Yield Be) ee Awake, wake Bake Forsake Grave Lade Shake Past Indefinite Tense. (dolve, dalf) delved got (gat) (holp, halp) helped (molt) melted (swote, swat) sweat, sweated (swoll) swelled yelled >rast) burst beat eat, ate bore (bare) bore (bare) broke (brake) (clave) cleaved (clove, clave) cleft (crope)crept folded froze (hove) heaved quoth (lode, lad) led (lope) leapt, leaped (soth) sod, seethed (shore) sheared spoke (spake) stole (stale) swore (sware) tore (tare) trode, trod (trade) wore (ware) wove (wopc) wept (wroke) wreaked wreathed (yolde) yielded Perfect Participle. delved (gotten) got (holpen) helped molten, melted (sweaten) sweated swollen, swelled yelled (borsten) burst beaten, beat eaten, eat bom borne broken, broke cleaved cloven, cleft crept (folden) folded frozen (hoven) heaved saw awoke (boke)baked forsook (grove) graved (lode) laded shook,shaked led leapt, leaped sodden shorn spoken stolen sworn tom trodden, trod worn woven wept (wi’oken) wreaked wreathen, wreathed yielded been seen awaked (baken) baked forsaken graven, graved laden,loaden shaken,shaked KEY.—EVERY BOY MUST ANSWER FOR HIMSELF KEY.-THE GENIUS OF HANNIBAL DID NOT SUCCUMB TO THAT OF HIS CONQUEROR. ■THEY ADMIRED THE COUNTRYMAN’S. AS THEY CALLED HIM, CANDOUR AND HONESTY. EX.—THE DUKE ACTED BOLDER THAN WAS EXPECTED. 91 (£omp£ntuous IHnglisf) (Grammar. 13 M (4 Present Indefinite Tense. Shape Shave Stave Take Stand Wax if (rin) rink Begin Cling Dig Drink Fling Hang (king) Rin£ Run Shrini Sin£ Sinl Sling Slink Spin Spring Stick Sting Stink String Swim Swing Swink Win Wring Bid Give Sit Slit Spit Betide Hide Light Slide Abide, bide Arise, rise Bite Chide Climb Dive Drive Glide Higlit Lie Ride Rive Shrive Smite Stride Strive Thrive Write Writhe Shine Wit (witel Strike Bind Fight Find Grind Wind Past Indefinite Tense. (shope) shaped shaved stove took stood (wox, wex) waxed Perfect Participle. shapen,shaped shaven,shaved taken stood (waxen) waxed 2nd Class. Vowel *, becoming a, o, u, or on. began (begon) clung (clong) dug, digged drank (drunk, dronk)] flung (iiang, flong) hung, hanged rang, rung (rong) ran shrank, shrunk (shronk) sang, sung (song) sank, sunk (sonk) (slang) slung (slong) (slank) slunk (slonk) (span) spun (spon) sprang, sprung (sprong) stuck (stoke) (stang) stung (stong), j stank, stunk (stonk) (Strang) strung swam, swum (sworn) (swang) swung (swong) (swank, swonk) swink (wan) won wrung, wringed bade (bode), bid gave (gove) Sclto (slat) slit, slitted spat, spit betid hid lit, lighted slid abode arose (aris) (bote, bat) bit (chode) chid (clomb, clamb) climbed (dove) dived arove (drave) (glode, glid) glided (hote, hete) lay rode, rid (rove) rived (shrove) shrived smote (smate), smit strode, strid strove throve, thrived wrote (wrate) writ writhed shone, shined (wote) wot (stroke) struck bound (bond) fought (fand, fond) found ground wound (wond), winded begun clung dug, digged drunken, drunk flung hung, hanged rung run shrunken, shrunk sung sunken,sunk slung slunk spun sprung stuck stung stunk strung swum swung (swonk) swinkt won wrung bidden, bid given sitten, sate slitten, slit, slitted spitten, spit, spat betid hidden, hid lit, lighted slidden, slid abode arisen bitten, bit chidden, chid climbed dived driven glided lien, lain ridden, rid riven shriven smitten, smit stridden striven thriven written, writ, wrote writhen, writhed shone, shined stricken, struck bounden,bound foughten, fought found ground wound KEY.—rnE DUKE ACTED MORE EOLDLY THAN WAS EXPECTED. KEY.—THEY ADMIRED THE CANDOUR AND HONESTY OF THE COUNTRYMAN, AS THEY CALLED IIIM. \ f 1 * * - » fT~ 14 EXi _ this IS THE LADY WHO I GAVE THE LOOK TO. ft <£ompentrious ISngligft (Grammar, 3 rd Class. .Vowel o, becoming e in past tense. Present Indefinite Tense. Draw Fall Saw "Wash Blow Crow Fly Grow Hew Hold Know How Show Snow Sow , . . Strow, strew (straw) Throw Let (late) Slay Laugh Choose Go Lose Shoot Do Past Indefinite Tense. drew fell sawed (wesh) washed blew crew, crowed flew grew hewed held knew (mew) mowed (shew) showed (snew) snowed (sew) sowed strewed, strowed threw let slew (loghe, leugh) laughed Perfect Participle. drawn fallen sawn, sawed washen, washed blown crowed flown grown hewn, hewed holden, held known mown, mowed shown, showed snowed sown, sowed strewn, strown, strewed thrown let slain laughed Mh Class. Vowel o, shortened. chose.(chase) lost shot did 5th Class. chosen gone (lorn) lost shotten, shot done yi come Conio Note, that present {he^of preseXbut is the short vowel sound of a reduplication of the d. lt £Z°£ 7 “ ^“change their vowei sounds,hut form their per- feet participles in d or t ; and are therefore weak verbs. 1st Class. Vowels shortened. Bleed Breed Feed Heet Head Speed Bereave, reave (Clepe) Deal Deem Dream Feel Flee Hear Keep Kneel Lean Mean Sleep Sweep Shoe bled bred fed met read sped bereft, bereaved dealt (dempt) deemed dreamt, dreamed felt fled heard kept knelt, kneeled leant, leaned meant slept swept shod bled bred fed met read sped bereft, bereaved y-clept dealt deemed dreamt, dreamed felt fled heard kept knelt, kneeled leant, leaned meant slept swept shod 2nd Class. Vowels a, e, i, and o, changed into o, ait , on. Sell Tell Catch Beach Stretch Teach sold told sold wught, catched f^hiyj^ted (raught) reached , , a Raught) reacnea (straught, streight) stretched stretched taught _ tau » KEY .—THIS IS THE LADY TO WHOM I GAVE THE BOOK. a a 14 EX.—FEUDS IN THE FAMILIES OF AN ENGLISH AND SCOTCH NOBLEMAN, EX.—IT 13 NOT FOR SUCH AS ME TO EFFECT A CURE. % Compendious lEnglisf) (Grammar. 15 Present Indefinite Tense. Past Indefinite Tense. Distract distracted Freight freighted Perfect Participle. (distraught) distracted fraught, freighted Shall Will should would (woll) May (mought) might Beseech Bring Buy Owe Seek Think Work besought brought bought ought, owed sought thought wrought, worked besought brought bought owed sought thought wrought, worked Note , that the y in “ y-clept ” instance remains in occasional Note also, that both “ distraught from other languages. is the old participial prefix of which only .one other use in our language, “y-clad.” and “fraught” are formed from words derived 23. Third Division. Contracted Weak Verbs. Have had had Make made made Lay laid laid Pay paid paid Say said said Dwell dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled Pen penned pent, penned Spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled (Wis) (wist) Bend bent, bended bent, bended Build built, builded built, builded Gild gilt, gilded gilt, gilded Gird girt, girded girt, girded Lend lent Ibnt Rend rent rent Send sent sent Shend shent shent Spend spent spent (Wend) went . Cast cast cast Cost cost cost Cut cut cut Hit hit hit Hurt hurt hurt Knit knit, knitted knit, knitted Lift lift, lifted lift, lifted Put put put Quit quit, quitted quit, quitted Rid rid rid Roast roasted roast, roasted Set set set Shed shed shed Shred shred shred Shut shut shut Split split, splitted split, splitted Spread Thrust spread thrust spread thrust Wet wet, wetted wet, wetted 24. Defective Verbs. Am was been Clothe clad, clothed (y-clad) clothed Go went gone In the first of these, each part belongs to a different verb; in the second, “ clad ” and “ y-clad” are derived from some word not greatly unlik e “clothe;” and both forms in this kind have appeared in the preceding lists. 25. Irregular Verbs. Can Dare, durst could durst KEY.—IT IS NOT FOR SUCH AS I TO EFFECT A CURE. KEY.—FEUDS IN THE FAMILIES OF AN ENGLISH AND A SCOTCH NOBLEMAN, EX.—WHETHER IT BE A DIVINE REVELATION OR K< % ©ompcntrious lEitgltsf) Grammar. its past tense and perfect participle are dm ed. 26. Conjugation of Auxiliary Verbs. 1. To Be. Indicative Jfood. Present Indefinite Tense. Bing. 1. I am, 2. Thou art, 3. He is. plur. 1. AYe are, 2. You are, 3. they axe. Past Indefinite Tense. Sing. 1. I was, 2. Thou wast, 3. He was. Plur. 1. AVe were, 2. You were, 3. The} Mere. Subjunctive Mood. Form implying probability. Sing, and plur. (If) I, thou, he, we, you, they be. Form implying improbability. Sing, and plur. (If) I were; thou wert; lie, we,, you, they were. Imperative Mood. Sing. Be thou. Plur. Be ye. Infinitive Mood. Present Indefinite Tense. To be. Participles. Imperfect. Beinj; Perfect . Been. 2. To Hate. Indicative Mood. Present Indefinite Tense. Sing. 1. I have, 2. Thou hast, 3. g hath °r has. Plur. 1. AVe have, 2. You have, 3. Ihej nave. Past Indefinite Tense. Sing. 1. I had, 2. Thou badst, 3 He had Phir. fi. AVe had, 2. You had, 3. I hey nan. Subjunctive Mood.' Probable form. Sing, and plur. (If) I, thou, he, we, you, they have. Improbable form. Sing, and plur. (If) I had; thou hadst; he, we, you, they had. Infinitive Mood. Present Indefinite Tense. To have. Participles. Imperfect. Having. Perfect. Had. 3. To Do. Indicative Mood. Present Indefinite Tense. Sing. 1. I do, 2. Thou dost, 3. He doth or does. Plur. 1. AVe do, 2. You do, 3. Ihey do. Past Indefinite Tense. Sing. 1. I did, 2. Thou diddest, or didst, 3. Hedid. Plur. 1. AVe did, 2. You did, 3. mey uia. Subjunctive Mood. Probable form. Sing, and plur. (H) I, thou, he, we, you, they do. Improbable form. Sing, and plur. (If) I did; thou didst; he, we, you, they did. Infinitive Mood. Present Indefinite. To do. Participles. Imperfect. Doing. Perfect. Done. In the anxilisries,«.»,», .^K^ill.theonJychanBe son singular, which are mayest, mightest ; canst, couldst , snail, snmnus » inflex ’ ions> and . (Sh^Sdts^ti&) has oughUst in the second person In- I gular. wrPTUPS it Ttv. a DIVINE REVELATION OR NOT. KK Y.—COLD WATER DID FOR HIM WHAT DRUGS FAILED TO DO, EX.—BOTH OF THEM ABE DESERVING OF MUCH MORE ATTENTION THAN EITHER OF THEM RECEIVE. EX.—tfAPOLEON WISHED TO HAVE MADE LUCIEN KING OF SPAIN. dtompentaous ISngltsf) CErrammar. 17 P cd a> CO o % A 3 3 § S a> ► • . a d rj A ^ a> 9 9 9 s w h (4 w Pm * s •s g jj S *° S 3 8 £ 3 if ■ a> ,3 O el o +3 a too 3 '5* 3 s' • to bp a m 3 Pm O fH H R M B ■M H o w (4 H a too III Q 00 3 H Pc « o 9 9 co 9 * « 9 9 3 9 » 9 A H * •> > S 5 g w <1) 3 ^ >m H . fl 3 o CD co 3 o a> c> O CO CO _r - ? 8 £ o S ^ CO « " -3 >3 ^3 3 * J - 9 3 a? p CD a jj P 3 CO « a 3 a o o o £ CD CO « M 9 m ^ £ u 9 3 £ £ £C £ o rt „ CD > a A : ^ l l 9 3 9 O A P H H •s a ^ o - MO ^ -v O £ 2 §3 CO cj O CD 33 JS slg 3l to 2 2 H H n ~ tc 3 a 'S D o O co “ 0> 2 ^ —I bo CD O CO O ci rC CO 0) ci A co >» o ^ P H H a> 0) s « S 73 " <« 33 ^ rH M O 2 ^ co 'S 2 _ * 3 co CO « 3 CD ► 3 33 •3AIXT0iaNJ t . ci A o _ >03 K h H 3 8* 3 CD CD 3 w CO Cj CD » D 33 H •> 3 3 § CD CD CD co " 3) 3 33 3 O 3 s 33 o a CD 4> co _T +* O £ a> o CO ci a 3 £ M cl) D m <« 9 O 3 ^ jr; 3 £ CD it >» ^ ^ H to bn • tfj 3 • rH O O CO to .9 O be t 2 •S 0 CO 0 ■e 0 CO 3 U 3 O rO a >-• r-H CO . 3 33 H « 3 ► a « CO fe C 3 3 ° “ co A H H W C? G" CT h n n h n n •qvqoUfl 1 •qoxdtuj ^ Y~-^ 3 3 8 3 S 33 o H 3 3 3 03 too a • H CD 3 co 9 £ too .s 8 . <« too too^l .8 o 3 3 E-l OCi 3 co 3 o 5 3 P3 3 o £►» 0Q 3 3 CO 3 0 o H 3 : 40 9 3 S 03 c; KEY -—NAPOLEON WISHED TO MAKE LUCIEN KING OF SPAIN. CD « ►i W u « a w w H Pm O Pc W a H ►M w < W H « O n H « pa H H *>3 « o3 o a a CD u> a Pm O C3 « M > a r A Hi A A W 3 a W a H be O a H O a I a 2X.—SOME MEASURES W ERE OBLIGEE TO RE ADOPTED BY US^ % ©Qtnpentftous iSrtglls^ djrammar, _ w * d d *g8 V O) }; o ic 8 2 rt g § S gle 0 P .q r*-« C 3 w «-2 5 5 g* ^5 d o SSw .-a £ fl O o g O U1 (L m „ Hu® g tj M “ fe 2 a> d o T5X. THE HARBOUR IS ONE OF THE FINEST IN EX.—DURING THE REIGN OF CHARLES AND JAMES. * O Pi Pi < w « w o fc <5 H fc W w w H w a P o H Eh •N A P « o * "3 ffiompcntrtous lEngltsD Grammar. 19 Note. That by means of the various auxiliaries a great number of additional tenses, in all the moods, might be formed. Note also, that in the passive, the im¬ perfect tenses cannot be formed except for a few verbs, and then only in the past and present, and in two ways.—“ the house is building,” or“the house is being built;” “ trie books were printing” or “were be¬ ing printed ” Formerly the first of these forms was different. Ex. The ark was as- preparing. 28. Adjectives. There are no changes of forms in the adjectives, to show their re¬ lations to the nouns they qualify, as to gender, number, or case. Ex. A wise man, wise men ; a tall man, a tall woman, a tall tree; they saw the powerful king’s golden crown; he defeated three great emperors' vast armies. But the degree of intensity in which any quality is regarded as cha¬ racterizing one or more persons or things, when compared with others, is expressed by the addition of er (or r) and est for st) to the simple (or positive) form of the ad¬ jective the former (called the compara¬ tive degree) being employed where only two subjects are compared, the latter (named the superlative) when a subject is compared with more than one other in respect of the same quality. Ex. This tree is taller than that, but the next is the tallest of the three, and those trees are the tallest in the wood; this man is wiser than those, and those men are the wisest in our country; platinum is the heaviest metal, or platinum is heavier than any other metal. Instead of using these inflexions, with adjectives of more than one syllable, the comparative is frequently formed by pre fixing more, and the superlative by prefix¬ ing most, to the simple form. Ex. A more prudent man, the most prudent conduct; more seasonable weather, most unseason able importunities. 29. Some adj ectives are defective, or have comparatives and superlatives formed from other.words; and some do not form them according to the common rule. The following are the principal adjectives to which these remarks apply:— Bad worse (worser) worst Ear farther farthest Fore’ further furthest, first Good better best Late later, latter latest, last Little less, lesser least Much, many more most Near, nigh nearer, nigher nearest, next. * older, elder oldest, eldest. Another class of adjectives differs from the common rule in haying a positive sig¬ nification with the comparative form (as is the case -with the comparatives, supe¬ rior, inferior, exterior, and interior, bor¬ rowed from the Latin), and only a super¬ lative degree of comparison beside. Ex. dormer, foremost ; hinder, hindmost, and hmdermost; hither, hithermost; inner in¬ most, and innermost; nether, nethermost; outer, outmost, and outermost; under, un¬ dermost ; upper, upmost, and uppermost ; utter, utmost } and uttermost. The follow¬ ing superlatives also occur: midmost for midst, northernmost and southernmost Different degrees of intensity are also more generally expressed by the use of some adverbs. Ex. Too hot, very cold ex¬ ceedingly angry. “ Less ” and “ least ” are employed when the comparison regards lower degrees of intensity. Ex. Less scru¬ pulous, least scrupulous. 30. Numerals. When the cardinal nu¬ merals are employed to signify abstract numbers, they are nouns. Ex. Four and three are seven, two and one are three. But when used to express concrete quantities they are adjectives. Ex. Four horses, ten men, a hundred pounds. The ordinal numerals (which signify position in a series) are most frequently adjectives. Ex. Theirs* man, the tenth sheep, the thirtieth day. But they are sometimes used objectively, and then are adverbs. Ex. He stands first, I am tenth on the list. There are also the regularly formed adverbial ordinal numerals, firstly, secondly, thirdly, Sgc. Fractional numerals are the same as or¬ dinals, but they are nouns, and are so be- cause they are abbreviations. Ex. One- (for “one third part ”), three-fourths (for three fourth parts ”). toux-Jifths, two- tenths of an inch. In this series, first is omitted, half is used for second, and quar¬ ter is often substituted for fourth. Beside these there are the reiterative numerals, 07 ice } twice , thrice , four times 7 0# i e - n ? u ^tiplicatiyes, single , double or twofold triple or threefold, quadruple or fourfold, Sgc.;— the distributives, singly or one one, two by two,Sgc., and other classes. The wmds neither, either, other, both next, again, then, and some others, which* are also called pronouns, are frequently employed as numerals, to signify not one one, second, two, secondly, Sgc. Indeterminate numerals express num¬ ber and quantity, but not definitely. They are such words as more, some, none, few. many, several, much, all, Sgc. 31. Pronouns. —Those which are used as nouns onlv are the personal pronouns, I thou, he, she, it, and their plurals. They are thus declined. J W H M o o W H «k A H P5 o First Person. Nominative Case, Objective Case, Possessive Case, Nominative Case, Objective Case, Possessive Case, Sing. me my, mine Mase. he him his Plur. we us our, ours Third Person. Second Person. t Sing. piny . you, ye you, ye your, yours thou thee thy, thine Sing. Fern. she her her, hers Neut. it it its Plur. All gendert. they them their, theirs KEY.— DURING THE REIGNS OF CHARLES AND JAMES. EX _ip IK CASE HE RETURN, ALL WILL BE WELL. 20 % ffiompeniitous lenglisf) ffltammar. ITj The possessive cases of these pronouns arc sometimes spoken of as a class by the™' selves, and called possessive (adjective) pronouns. In the first and second per¬ sons, the possessive cases, and in tne third person, the objective cases, in ith self or selves affixed, constitute the re¬ flective pronouns. Ex. Know thyself, he loves himself, they were ashamed “ after this or that determinate man¬ ner,” “it makes a greater show in these months than in those," “ such are the cold Itiphean race, and such the savage Scythi¬ an’’ “ darkness there might well seem twi¬ light here," “now shaves with level wing the deep, then soars,” “ useless and the)7ce ridiculous,” “ yon flowing arbours, yonder allevs green.’' The, commonly called the definite article, is properly a demonstra- tl p e ionouns 1 used in questions, called in¬ terrogative, and those used m subject] e and adjective accessory sentences, called relative, are who (in the objective wAom, and the possessive whose, m both num¬ bers), which (occasionally wuth a possess^ e case whose), what, where, whithei, whence, ffiL U of thorn, being ad^rts Ex. Who art thou ? Which is it ? If hat do vou mean? “ fVhose dog are you? “ If^hom dost thou serve ? ” come you ? “ Whither goest thou ? ’ How can these things be? ” “ The son of Duncan, from whom the tyrant holds the due of birth lives in the English court. The handsel or eamestof that wh ich is to come. “ See what natures accompany the several colours.” “ In Lydia bom, plenteous harvests the fat fields adorn. t’ acknowledge whence his good descends. u X strayed I knew not whithe?• . ^ ol c y that the relative pronoun what jam _ sig¬ nification equivalent to the, that, 01 those W 33^ Whoever, whosoever (and whomso¬ ever, whosesoever), whichever, whichsoever, whatever, whatsoever, wherever, whenceso¬ ever, however, herein, therein, therefore, wherefore, whereof, whereas, <5fC., are com¬ pounded or contracted pronouns and pro¬ nominal phrases. Ex. “ I wm follow thee whithersoever thou goest. I think my self beholden, whoever shows me my mis¬ takes.” “ Whomsoever else they visit, with the diligent only do they stay.” “ In what¬ soever shape he lurk, I ’ll know. Thy very stones prate of my whereabout. „ I “You do take the means whereby l live. | “ Herein is a wonderful thing,” Howbeit, this wisdom saved them not.” In addition to these various classes of pronouns, there are some which are called indefinite, such as one, aught, naught, (sometimes spelt ought,nought),each,eve_) y, either, neither, any, other (which has a plural when used as a noun, but not ■when used attributively), they (when used to signify “people in general”), be. Ex. “ One may be little the wiser for read¬ ing ” “ for aught that I can understand,’ “ it cometh to naught," “ are there any with you ? ” “ the virtue and force of every of these three is shrewdly allayed,” “they say that he has died immensely rich. 0 34. Adverbs .—These words do not admit of inflexion, and of them some are found only in the adverbial fonn, others are used as prepositions or conjunctions also; some are pronouns or adjectives; and many are derived from adjectives and even from substantives. They are employed to express the rela¬ tions of place,—as here, there, where, hither, thither, whither, hence, thence, whence, above, below, before, behind, in, out, off, on, near, afar, backwards,forwards, aside, 3tc. y —of time, as then, when, now, after, before, still, soon, already, lately, daily, hitherto, Sec .,—of manner, as how, thus, so, as, other¬ wise, well, fluently. kindly, blindly, lovingly, bravely, brightly, be .,—of mood, as yes, no, not, if, perhaps, probably, possibly, likely, really, be.,— of degree or intensity, as fre¬ quently, seldom, often, again, very, quite, ^ even . nearly y only , too , almost y much, rathe ), once, twice, thrice, be., —of causality, as I < wherefore, therefore, however, nevertheless, be Some of those of manner, degree, and mood, admit of degrees of comparison, which they form after the manner of ad¬ jectives. Ex. Soon, sooner, soonest, brave¬ ly, more bravely, most bravely. 35. Prepositions. These also are unin- flected words; and beside the prepositions, properly so'called, nouns, adjectives, v erbs, participles, and adverbs, and even com¬ binations of words, are employed as pre¬ positions. Almost all the real preposi¬ tions admit of being used to express eveir variety of relation between the predicate and its objects, and between a subject and its attributes; but originally they all ex¬ pressed the relation of place alone. The prepositions, properly so called, and other words used for prepositions, are such as above, about, across, after, against, along, among, at, before, behind, beside, between, beyond, by, concerning, down, during,from, in, into, of, off, on, over, save, since, through, till, to, towards, up, upon, with, be. The following are some of the combina¬ tions of words employed as prepositions: _because of, by means of, on account of, in behalf of, instead of, according to, adjacent to, contrary to, with respect to, brother, my competitor, my mate m empire, friend and companion in the part of war, “ King Cophetua wooed the beggar maid,” « Hamlet, Prince of Denmark ” His royal highness, Prince Albert; Lord John Rus¬ sell, Mr Smith. When several persons of the same name are spoken of, or addressed by letter, the honorary title is put in the plural, whilst the name is in the singular number. Ex. Messieurs Smith, Cheeryble Brothers, the Mesdames Robinson. In some cases the noun in apposition is connected by means of the preposition of. Ex. The empire of Russia, the city of St. Petersburg, the university of Cambridge, the county of Kent, the port of London, the month of July, the province of Judea. When two nouns in apposition are at¬ tributives to another, the latter only is put into the possessive case. Ex. “Our neighbour Shepherd’s son,” “ King Henry's head,” “Dr. Johnson's Dictionary,” “Dale Humphrey's deeds ” “ the Lord Protector's wife,” “ my Lord Cardinal's man,” “ Saint Alban's shrine.” Accessory sentences are employed as at¬ tributives. Ex. “ Whose hand is that the forest bear doth lick f Not his that spoils her young before her face,” “ a day will come, when York shall claim his own," “ in that chair, where kings and queens are crowned. 51. Many of the illustrations given above show how common it is for a single sub¬ ject to be described and defined by means of many attributives. The following ex¬ amples will show some of the ways in which the repetition of the same word as subject to several attributives, or as attri¬ butive to several subjects, is prevented. Ex. “ I thought the king had more affect¬ ed the Duke of Albany than Cornwall,” “theprinces, France and Burgundy ,” “here I disclaim all... propinquity, and property of blood, and as a stranger to my heart and me, hold thee,” “we still retain the name and all the additions to a king" “ thy dowerless daughter is queen of us, of ours, and our fair Franee,” “ he wrote this but as on essay or taste of my virtue,” “ menaces and maledictions against king and nobles,” “ the marks of sovereignty, knowledge and reason,” “ my train are men of choice and rarest parts,” “ the messengers from our sis¬ ter and the king," “ he, the sacred honour of himself, his queen's, his hopeful son's, lus babe’s, betrays to slander,” “uncles of Glo’ster and of Winchester,” “ the Dukes of Orleans, Calaber, Bretaigne , and Alenfon." 52. Predicate and Object.— The significa¬ tion of predicates is modified or complet¬ ed by means of words, phrases, and acces¬ sory sentences, w'hich are called objects. And not only are all parts of verbs fol¬ lowed by these adjuncts, but adjectives also frequently require them. Objects which complete or supplement the meaning of their predicates are of three kinds(1.) the immediate or direct object of the predicate; (2.) the remoter, or„mediate and indirect object; (3.) the remotest object, or that which indicates the effect |or result of what is asserted in the predicate. Ex. lstobj. 2ndobj. 3rdobj. “ I will take you to me for a people." “ This opinion gave 2ndobj. lstobj. 3rdobj. them courage to all adventures. Those which modify or attemper the I w A KEY.— THERE IS NO NEED OF YOUR INTERFERENCE. A LIST OF AUTHORS WHO WERE BORN OR WHO RESIDED IN ENGLAND. EX.—Tins ACCOUNT IS VERY DIFFERENT TO WIIAT YOU TOLD ME BEFORE EX.—THE MAN WHAT DRIVES THE SOVEREIGN. % (£ompentftous lEncjItsjf) (Hrrammar. 25 signification of their predicates are six in number;—(1.) Those which indicate the cause or origin of whatever is asserted in the predicate; (2.) those which tell its design or purpose ; (3.) those which de¬ clare the means by which it is brought about; (4.) those which snow the manner of its existence or action; (5.) and (6.) those indicating the time and place of its occurrence. It must, however, be observed, that it is not easy in all instances to de¬ termine to which class an object belongs, —those expressing cause, purpose, or means frequently being distinguishable by exceedingly evanescent characteristics. But this is not, practically, either incon¬ venient or productive of ambiguity; as may be seen m the examples of these and other kinds of objects. Ex. (1.) “My soul grows sad with troubles ;" “ by that sin fell the angels.” 12.) “ She went to glean Palwmon’s fields;” “one man pursues power in order to wealth, and another wealth in order to power.” (3.) “Judge the event by what has passed ;” “ the strong through pleasure falls soonest.” (4.) “ They act wisely ;” “ beware, and govern well thy appetite.” (5.) “ We lacked your counsel and your help to-night ;” “it hath been sung at festivals, on ember eves, and holy ales.” (6.) “ The lion’s foe lies prostrate on the',plain ;” “ I am with thee, by and be¬ fore, about and in thee too.” 53. Nouns, pronouns, and other words used as nouns, — such as the infinitive mood of verbs, and participles,—most commonly without, but also with prepositions before them, serve as immediate objects of pre¬ dicates; and also of the infinitive mood of verbs, and participles, and of adjectives, when they are not the predicates of sentences. And the personal pronouns, whether with or without prepositions, are in the objective case. Ex. “Do you not hear Atm ? ” “you mar our labour; " “keep vour cabins; ” “ you do assist the storm ; ” ‘ ’t is time I should inform thee further ; ” “ wipe thou thine eyes; have comfort ;” “ you have often begun to tell me what I am, but stopped and left me to a bootless inquisition ; ” “ he whom, next thyself, of all the world I loved, and to him put the manage of my state ; ” “ the government I cast upon my brother ; ” “ the ivy which had hid my princely trunk, and sucked the verdure out on’t; ” “ triumphing over death, and chance, and time; " “ on mine arm shall they .trust; ” “victorious over temptation.” J The) common exclamations “ah me!” and “ woe is me! ” are contractions ; the latter was originally, “woe becomes or befits me,” and the former is equivalent to it in meaning, and may have been derived from it. 54. The more remote 'object is also ex¬ pressed by nomi8,and most commonlv pre¬ ceded by the preposition to ; but this is often omitted ; and there are other prepo¬ sitions which serve to connect this object with its predicate. Whenever the re¬ moter object is expressed, but the imme¬ diate object left out, the sense is imperfect. The personal pronouns, as in the last, are always in the objective case. Ex. “ Three great ones of the city oft capp’d to him ; ” “ whip me such honest knaves ; ” “ throw¬ ing but shows of service on their lords, do themselves homage - } ” “I am be¬ holden to you;" “forgive us our tres¬ passes ; ” “ he makes a supper, and a great one, to many lords and ladies ; ” “ I need not add more fuel to your fire ; ” “ com¬ paring spiritual tilings with spiritual;” “ I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors ; ” “ fetch me an iron crow ; ” “ 0 continue thy loving-kindness unto me ; ” “ the services, which I have done the signiory ; ” “ the goodness of the night upon you, friends ; " “ I ’ll refer me. to all things of sense ;” “ good-night to every one ! ” “ it cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the 3foor, nor he his to her ; ” “ I have told thee often and I re-tell thee again and again, I luue the Moor.” 55. For the remotest object, which ex¬ presses the result or effect of the predi¬ cate, nouns (with or without prepositior s, or preceded by the conjunction as), pro¬ nouns, adjectives, participles, the infini¬ tive mood of verbs, and to be with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, are employed. Ex. “He, in good time, must his lieu¬ tenant be, and I, his Moorship’s ancient ;” “the king, your father, was reputed for a prince most prudent ; ” “ •whom I hold my most malicious foe, and think not at all a friend to truth ;" “ bade me enjoy it ; ” “ man became a living soul;" “why should damage grow to the hurt of the king t ” “ they looked upon themselves as the hap¬ piest people of the universe ; ” “ things were just ripe for a war ;” “those pearls of dew she wears prove to be presaging tears;” “his servants ye are to whom ye obey, whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness “ we take a falling meteor for a star;” “ it were not for your quiet, nor your good, nor for my manhood, honesty, and wisdom, to let you know my thoughts ;” “ I believe him to be a very honest man ;” “ whom do you suppose it to bet » 56. Of the objects which modify the meaning of the predicate, those which do so by indicatmg its origin or cause are expressed by nouns (and all words and combinations of words that can be used instead of them), preceded by certain pre¬ positions, and by some adverbs. Oaths are included under this head, as indicating the ground of the assertion, though not of what is asserted. Ex. “I would not follow him then;” “ therefore to our best mercy give yourselves;” “whom from the flow of gall I name not, but from sincere motions ;” “ you lost your office on the complaint of the tenants;” “men are pleased with varie¬ ty ;” “astonished at the voice, he stood;” “they Avere jealous of her beauty ;" “guilty of high treason ;” “I can tell you why;" “ thou hast forced me out of thy honest truth to play the woman;” they boast themselves of idols;” “ Sempronius gives no thanks on this account ;" “you are good, but from a nobler cause, from your own knowledge, not from nature's la ws ;" “ by the faith of a man, I know my prince ;” “by heaven, 1 rather would have been his hangman ;” “ on my honour, it is so.” 57. Those objects which point out the K.KY<—THE MAN WIIO DRIVES THE SOVEREIGN. THIS ACCOUNT IS VERY DIFFERENT FROM WHAT YOU TOLD ME BEFORE EX.—THE ENDS OF A DIVINE AND HUMAN LEGISLATOR ARE' 'VASTLY DIFFERENT. ✓ • EX.—THIS IS THE CAT AS CATCHES ALL THE MICE. design and purpose of the predicate are expressed by the infinitive mood of verbs, most commonly, and also by nouns ? &c., ■with prepositions. Ex. “ I follow him to serve my turn upon him “ wears out his time for nought but provender ;” “infollow¬ ing him , I follow but myself, not I for love and duty, but seeming so, for my peculiar end ;" “I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him;” “he travelled the world, on pur¬ pose to converse with the most learned men;" “ with, this design I have visited all the most celebrated schools in Europe; ” “ he writes not for money, nor for praise;" “ there is a time to weep, and a time to laugh ;” “ be swift to hear, slow to speak ; ” “ one man pursues power in order to wealth, and another wealth in order to power;” “thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him." 59. Objects by which the means employ¬ ed in producing any result are declared are generally expressed by nouns, &c.,with prepositions. Ex. “ I must be be-lee’d and calm’d by debitor and creditor, this counter - caster ;" “ preferment goes by letter and af¬ fection, not by the old gradation ;" “ plague him with flies “we may outrun byviolerit swiftness that which we run at, and lose by overrunning “my soul grows sad with troubles ; " “ the strong through pleasure soonest falls, the weak through smart;” “you must think we hope to gain by you;” “ thus, by the music we may know when noble wits a-hunting go“ you absolved him with an axe;" “some he killed with his gun, others by poison." 59. Manner is expressed by adjectives, participles, adverbs, and nouns, &c., with prepositions or the conjunction as. Ex. “He, as loving his own pride and purposes, evades them, with a bombast circumstance;" “wears out his time, much like his master's ass;" ( ‘wide was spread their fame in ages past;” “in madness,being full of supper and distempering draughts, dost thou come to start my quiet“ he, with his father, is going home“ a Puritan amongst them sings psalms to hornpipes;” “ we are not to stay all together, hut to come by him, where he stands, by ones, by twos, and by threes;” “ seize her by force, and bear her hence unheard;" “ so frown’d the mighty combatants;” “ thus he spake;” “quit yourselves like men “ye shall be as gods;" “ come quickly; " “ he answered well;” “they that sow in tears,shall reap in joy;" “ he that goeth forth weeping, bearing pre¬ cious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him ; ” “ they act wisely .” 60. All the various ways in which objects indicate the time of an action, &c., are expressed by nouns, &c., with or without prepositions, adjectives, participles, and adverbs. Ex. “ He in good time must his lieutenant be;” “we rose both at an in¬ stant, and fought a long hour by Shrews¬ bury clock;" “then have sat the livelong day;” “ he came by night;” “doomed for a certain time to walk the night, and/or the day confined to fast in fires;” “he did them meditate all his life long;" “ till then, who knew the foroe of those dire arms?” “I have not wept this forty years ;" “ morning by morning shall it pass over;” “yet in her sanguine gown by night and day;" “depart immediately ;" “I was never pleas¬ ed ;” “thy servants’ trade hath been about cattle from our youth even until now;” “ sometimes walking;” (< now is the time.” 61. Place, where, and direction, whence and whither, are expressed by nouns, &c., with or without prepositions, and by ad¬ verbs. Ex. “I will wear my heart upon my sleeve ;” “ his eyes had seen the proof at Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds ;" “ proclaim him in the streets ;" “I, upon my frontiers here, keep residence;” “I saw hereabout nothing remarkable;” “letthem hence away;" “a puissant and mighty power is marching hitherward in proud array;” “if they come to sojourn at my house, I ’ll not be there ; ” “darkness there might well seem twilight here;" “ah! where was Eloise ?” “the good man Is gone a long journey ;” “come a little nearer this way;" “the eyes of the Lord are in every place;" “we must measure twenty miles to-day;” “he looked this way and that way ; ” “ come hither, child, to me.” 62. Accessory sentences are sentences complete in themselves as to syntax, but occupying subordinate places in other sentences, which stand to them in the re¬ lation of principals. They are of three kinds, named (after the offices they dis¬ charge in their principal sentences) sub¬ jective, attributive, and objective sen¬ tences. Their relation to their principals is shown by their position, and by the use of relative pronouns and certain conjunc¬ tions, and in many cases by the employ¬ ment of the subjunctive mood. 63. Subjective accessory sentences are found in every relation in which a noun could stand; and may be either subjects, predicates (both of which have been illus¬ trated above), or completing objects to predicates (with or without prepositions); but being equivalent to nouns, they are named after that part of the sentence which is especially taken by the noun. Ex. “See that thou do it;” “I take it much unkindly .that thou, Iago, should’st know of this;" “thou told’st me, thou didst hold him in thy hate;" “be judge yourself, whether I in any just term am affined to love the Moor;" “right glad I am, Tie was not in this fray;" “I have forgot why I did call thee back ;" “ what you would work me to I have some aim;” “mark me with what violence she loved the Moor ;" “I could well wish courtesy would itivent some other custom of entertainment;" “ you must not think, then, that I am drunk ;" “ what you can make her do, I am content to look on; what to speak, I am content to hear;” “ mark what it is his mind aims at in the question, and not what words he expresses ;" “she said, Say on;" “as when we say, Plato was no fool.” 64. Attributive accessory sentences oc¬ cur wherever adjectives might be used as attributives. The relation between these sentences and their subjects is shown by their position, by their predicates assum¬ ing the same personal forms as those of their subjects, and by the employment of the relative pronouns who, which, and that, in them. Where no confusion is possible, these pronouns may be omitted.) A A A r* A H in < A A < A O H A w M O A A A < P a A © A in O H A A ◄ A A M > A A O in A W A a H >< A A KEY.—THI3 IS THE CAT THAT CATCHES ALL THE MICE. EX.—TORCHING DID NOT BEHAVE WITH THAT DIGNITY AS WAS EXPECTED FROM HIM. EX,—SHE IS] A REMARKABLE PRETTY GIRL. % Compendious 3EngItsf) (Grammar. 27 Ex." Thou, Iago, who hast had my purse “ a fellow that never set a squadron in the ■field nor the division of a battle knows, more than a spinster;" “I hold him to be un- worthy of his place, that does those things ; « t fear the trust Othello puts him in will shake this island “honestlago, that look'st dead with grieving ;" “ everyone hears that, which can distinguish sound; that for¬ bidden tree,whose mortal taste brought death, into the world;" “the son of Duncan, from whom this tyrant holds the due of birth ; u fruits, that blossom first } will first he ripe • ” « he that is of God, heareth God’s worcis ; 99 “ unto me. who am less than the least of all saints ;” «thinkest thou this, 0 man, thatjudgest them which do such things , and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?” “I, that speakunto thee, am he.” , . „ . . Note, that whether the relative be sub¬ ject, attributive, or object, in its own sen¬ tence, it is always placed at the very com¬ mencement of it, because it has so few inflexions, that otherwise its connexion with the subject (or antecedent) it refers to might be obscure. These sentences frequently stand as attributives to other sentences, which are related to them as subjects. Ex. “They shall obey, unless they seek for hatred at my hands, which if they do, they shall feel the vengeance or my wrath;” “he was unsatisfied in getting, which was a sin;" “as he spoke, a braying ass did sing most loud and clear, whereat his horse did start." , 65. Objective accessory sentences are those which serve instead of objects of cause, purpose, means, manner (includ¬ ing degree or intensity), time, and place; and those expressing a condition or con¬ cession ,which are distinguished by the em¬ ployment of the probable or improbable forms of the subjunctive mood, according to the amount of contingency affecting the condition or concession, ana generally after certain conjunctions. The indica¬ tive mood is, however, now very com¬ monly used instead; always, indeed, where no contingency or uncertainty is to be expressed. Ex. “Because we come to do you service, you think we are ruffians; ”,“ since neither love, nor sense of pain, nor force of reason, can persuade, then let example be obeyed;”“be ye stedfast,immoveable... forasmuch as ye know that your labour is not in vain in the Lord; ” “ he makes it his care both to write and to speak plainly, so that he may be understood;" “ treat it kindly, that it may wish, at least } with us to stay';" “ judge not, that ye be notjudaed ;" “as will appear by what follows ;”“ from what has been said, you may perceive the hopelessness of your undertaking;”“ be taught by what I am suffering; ” “ who, he knew, would be willingthou hast used my purse, as if the strings were thine ;" “ it is as sure as you are Roderigo ;" “ throw such changes of vexation on’t, as it may lose some colour; ” “ the longer I am ac¬ quainted with him, the more I like him;” “so great was the cold, that the deepest rivers were frozen;" “ he is as merry as the day is long;" “I ’ll see, before I doubt; ” “ kings may take their advantage, when and how they list; ” “ use physic, or ever thou be sick ; ” “ while I was protector, pity was all the fault that was in me; ” “ he is the most improved mind, since you saw him. that ever was;” “ where your treasure is, there will your heart be also;” “I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest:" “ I have shown whence the under¬ standing may get all the ideas it has; ” “the noise pursues me, wheresoe'er I go;" “ despise me, if I do not; " “ were I the Moor, I would not be Iago;” “you will not serve God, if the devil bid you! ” “ think we, or think we not, time hurries on;” “thou dost conspire against thy friend, if thou but think'st him wronged, and makest his ear a stranger to thy thoughts ; ” “ thouah thou detain me, I will not eat; ” “ wert thou an oracle to tell me so, I’d not believe it;” “ had fate so pleased, I had been eldest bom;” “I had been happy, so I had nothing known ;" “ unless Hook on Sylvia in the day, there is no day for me to look upon ;"“ though he was rich, yet for our sakes be became poor;” “ many things are believed, although they be intricate, obscure, and dark." 66. Contracted ana compound sentences. — Two or more sentences haying the same subjects, or the same predicates or ob¬ jects, and two or more subjects having the same attributives, or vice versd, are frequently contracted into one compound sentence, or phrase, by the use of con¬ junctions. Examples of several kinds may be found in the former parts of this Com¬ pendium: others are such as these. Ex. “"With fairest flowers, whilst summer lasts, and I live here, Eidele, I ’ll sweeten thy sad grave;” “his honesty got him small gains, but shameless flattery, and filthy beverage, and unseemly thrift, and borrow base, and some good lady’s gift; ” “ it shall ever be my study to make dis¬ coveries of this nature in human life, and to settle the proper distinctions between the virtues and perfections of mankind, and those false colours and resemblances of them, that shine alike in the eyes of the vulgar.” In contracted sentences, where a com¬ parison is expressed, care should be taken to avoid ambiguity. Ex. “ He would make a better soldier than scholar,” ex¬ presses the greater aptitude of the person spoken of for the arts of war, than for the pursuit of learning. “He would make a better soldier than a scholar," expresses that the person spoken of displays greater aptitude for war than a student would. “ He likes them better than I," signifies that his liking for the persons spoken of is greater than my liking for them; whilst “ he likes them better than me " signifies that his liking for them is greater than his liking for me. Similarly, wherever two or more sub¬ jects are distinguished by the attributive adjectives only, unless in cases where no ambiguity can arise, they should be dis¬ tinguished by the repetition of the de¬ monstrative. Ex. “The red and blue vest¬ ments were most admired,” should be, “ the red and the blue vestments,” if two kinds are intended. But we may say, “ the Lords Spiritual and Tetnporal, be- KEY.—SHE IS A REMARKABLY PRETTY GIRL. KEY.— THE KING DID NOT BEHAVE WITH THAT DIGNITY WHICH WAS EXPECTED FROM HIM THEY WHO ASCENDED UP THE HILL HAD A TINE VIEW OF THE COUNTRY. EX.—PRAY, MY DEAR, IS YOUR MAMMA IN? 28 % ©ompentuous lEngltsi) Grammar. cause the attributives are incompatible in their signification. 67. Construction is the arrangement of words in sentences, and of sentences in re¬ lation to each other, so as to indicate the subordination of the several parts, and their connexion and union; and the universal rule is—to place the subordinate words, or phrases, before the principal ones. Yet for the sake . of imparting special significance to some words or sen¬ tences, the form of this rule is often vio¬ lated, and particularly in poetry. This is called inverted construction,to distinguish it from the ordinary arrangement, which is designated direct. Ex. Direct. “ The orator had the honour of haranguing Pope Clement the Sixth, and the satisfaction of conversing with Pe¬ trarch, a congenial mind; but his aspir¬ ing hopes were chilled by disgrace and poverty; and the patriot was reduced to a single garment, and the charity of an hospital!” “The apartments, porticoes, and the courts of the Lateran were spread with innumerable tables for either sex, and every condition; a stream of wine flowed from the nostrils of Constantine’s brazen horse; no complaint, except the scarcity of water, could be heard; and the licentiousness of the multitude was curbed by discipline and fear.” Inverted. “At last, after much fatigue, through dull roads, and bad weather, we came, with no small difficulty, to our journey’s end.” “ Unto the French, the dreadful judgment-day so dreadful will not be, as was his sight.” “ So shaken as we are, so wan with care, find we a time for frighted peace to pant.” “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!” “Fallen, fallen is Babylon, that great city! ” “ Sil¬ ver and gold have I none, but such as I have, give I unto thee.” “ Go I must, whatever may ensue.” “Up rose the sun, and up rose Emily.” 68. Accentuation. —In order to shoAV the subordination of the less important phrases in sentences, to the principal ones in each of the several combinations treated of above, and to give prominence to the most important elements in word3, a particular stress of voice (called accent) is customarily laid upon the radical part of all inflected words, and upon the prin¬ cipal words or phrases in each of those combinations. Ex. G61den, disgraceful, gratitude, kingdom, truthfulness, wake¬ ful ; they read; the men were astonished, my suspicions were correct; the secrets of the grave this viperous slander enters; the mighty dead; dll his golden words are spent; king David; here is one Lucianus, nephew to the king; the kingdom of Eng¬ land; the world hateth you; I j6y to meet thee; give the book to m6; I crave your pardon. 69. Emphasis is distinguished from ac¬ cent by tBis ; the latter serves to indicate the connexion of the words, &c., and to give unity to the meanings of the several parts which enter into the different com¬ binations that make up sentences, Ac.; whilst emphasis show's some special mean¬ ing which the speaker desires to give to his words, and which they W'ould not ordinarily bear. Ex. “Thdy read, w6 write; the men were astonished, and the w6man fled; my suspicions were correct, but my knbwledge was no more than yours; the kingdom of England, not that of Sc6tland; no, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you,sir; but I bite my thumb, sir; be not afraid, shA shall not harm thee; I' scorn you not, it seems that you scorn md.” 70. Punctuation.—' The pauses which, in speaking, are used to impart greater ac¬ curacy and clearness to our expressions, in writing are represented by characters called stops; and the notes of interroga¬ tion and admiration, the parenthesis and the dash, as well as the breaking up of com¬ position into paragraphs, are employed for similar purposes. In poetry they are more used than in prose; and the fewest number possible should always be em¬ ployed. The full point, or period, indicates the termination of a passage which is com¬ plete both in meaning and in syntax. The colon marks the end. of a grammatical combination, but show's that what follows is required to complete the meaning. The semicolon shows that, both in meaning and in syntax, the expression it follows is incomplete. And the comma is used to distinguish, rather than to divide, the parts of grammatical combinations, so that the connexion between them, and their signification when combined, may be more clear. But where the passages are not very long, and no mistake would arise, the comma is used for the semicolon, and even for the colon; and the semicolon is employed instead of the colon. The period is frequently employed, also, w'here we should expect only the colon. Ex. “ The Roman senators conspired against Julius Caesar to kill him: that very next morn¬ ing Artemidorus, Caesar’s friend, delivered him a paper (desiring him to peruse it) wherein the whole plot was discovered: but Caesar complimented his life away, being so taken up to return the salutations of such people as met him in the way, that he pocketed the paper, among other petitions, as unconcerned therein; and so, going to the Senate-house, was slain.” “ The noble Brutus Hath told you, Caesar was ambitious: If it were so, it avas a grievous fault; _ And grievously hath Caesar answered it.” 71. Parentheses indicate either an ex¬ planatory remark, or a thought related to what has been said, which is noted but not pursued; and instead of the common sign, two commas, or tW'O semicolons, or two dashes, are often employed. Ex. “Travelling on the plain (which not¬ withstanding hath its risings and fall¬ ings), I discovered Salisbury steeple many iniI ps off.” “I find tw'O (husband and wife), both stealing, and but one of them guilty of felony.” ‘ r Spill not the morning (the quintessence of the day!) in recre¬ ation.” “ltaleigh had (besides his own merits) tw r o good Mends.” In general the dash is used to show that a pause should be made, because the sense is broken off abruptly; or whilst the sense is not interrupted, something unexpected KEY.—PRAY MY DEAR, IS YOUR MAMMA WITHIN ? KEY.—THEY WHO ASCENDED THE HILL HAD A FINE YIEW OF THE COUNTRY ■WITENEVEP., I ATTEMPT TO RUN, I ALWAYS FIND I AM UNABLE.. gX.— I PERCEIVED IT HAD 'BEEN SOOWERED WITH HALE AN EYE. 31 CDompcntuous lEnglts!) (Grammar. 29 follows; or to call for greater attention to what is about to be said. Ex. “ To die,—to sleep,— No more;—and, by a sleep, to say we end The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heirto,—’tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished.” “ o thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee—devil! ” “ Thou art a villain. “You are—a senator.” “Some people, handsome by nature, have wilfully deformed themselves; — such as wear Bacchus’ colours in their faces, aris¬ ing not from having — but being — bad livers .” “ Borneo, the hate I bear thee can afford No better term than this—Thou art a vil¬ lain.” Other artifices are employed In typo¬ graphy to represent some of the effects of the tones and inflexions of the voice in speaking; of which there should be espe¬ cially mentioned here the use of Italic letters, and of small capitals. But the best writers avoid these; and it is a safe rule, to trust to the force and meaning of what is written, rather than to these or any other typographical contrivances. 72. RHETORIC.— Some modes of ex¬ pression, called tropical, or figurative, which are strictly amongst the matters respecting which rhetoric is conversant, should be noticed here; as they serve to account for some of the forms which have been noticed above. Personification , or prosopopoeia, is the treating 'of things and subjects without life, even abstractions.as though they were living persons. Ex. “ Confusion heard his voice.” “I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting atnbition, which o’erleaps itself.” “Doth not ivisdom cry ? and understanding put forth her voice?” “Make temperance thy compa¬ nion, so shall health sit on thy brow.” Ellipsis, or omission, is the suppression of some word, which from the nature of what is spoken of, or from the context, can be readily supplied. Ex. “ All in vain [is] my frantic calling, all in vain [are] my falling tears! ” “ [There is] no way to fly, nor strength to hold out flight!” “The ^ knight came to the tailor’s [shop].” “ Are W you going to the House [of Parliament] ?” Pleonasm, or redundancy, is the intro¬ duction of some words not actually re¬ quired, but often exceedingly effective, as a means of giving peculiar emphasis, or expressing a particular feeling. Ex. “ The skipping king, he ambled up and down.” “ They returned back again to the same city from whence they came forth." “ The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers, and heavily with clouds brings on the day." Zeugma, or syllepsis, is the suppression of a verb or a noun, in positions in which it will readily be suggested by another verb or noun, which is expressed; and with which the object, or attributive belonging to the suppressed words, appears to be connect¬ ed. Ex. “ And his mouth w as opened im¬ mediately, and his tongue [loosed];” “for¬ bidding to marry, and [commanding] to abstain from meats“ my paternal house is desolate, and he himself [my father] destitute and in exile.” 73. PR OS 01) Y treats of the laws of metri¬ cal compositions, regarding accent, quan¬ tity, rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, &c. &c. Accent is the stress laid upon one or more syllables of a word. Monosyllables are capable of accents only when they are uttered with other words. Ex. Father, in¬ dustry, nightingale, himself, dissever, Exquisitely, whatsoever, voluptuous;— “ there is that in his f&ce, which Bads one to triist him.” Quantity is the time required to pro¬ nounce a syllable, and is either long, marked (-), or short, marked (v). Seeing, upright, pSrs5nabl&, tutelar^, peerage, translation, n6t, note, at, ate, ten,_tSnd, full, cull. Rhythm is the harmonious arrangement of words in lines of various definite lengths; and is one of the chief elements of metre. Ex. “ The p6etry of eftrtli is n6ver d6ad.” “ The willow Haves that danced in the light breeze.” “Fdll m&ny a gldrious miming hive I S66Q Flitter the miuntain-tips with s6v&- reign 6ye.” “ Sie the diy begins to briak.” “Lessons swiet of spring returning.” “At the cl6se of the diy, when the himlet is still.” 74. Rhyme is the correspondence of the final sound in a metrical line, with those of one or more other lines preceding or following, immediately or alternately. It is distinguished into assonance and conso¬ nance ; the former being the correspond¬ ence of the vowel sounds alone, the latter of both vowels and consonants. Ex. “The baron he stroakt his dark-brown cheeke, And turned his heade asyde ; To whipe away the starting teare He proudly strave to hyde." “ Have owre, have owre to Aberdour, I t’s fiftie fadom deip, And thair lies guid Sir Patrick Spence, Wi’ the Scots lords at his feit.” « My cloake it was a very good cloake, It hath been al wayes true to the weare, But now it is not wrnrth a groat; I have had it four-and twenty ye ere." Single and double rhymes are also to be distinguished. Ex. “ The Abbot had preached for many years, With clear articulation, As ever was heard in the House of Peers Against Emancipation. His words had made battalions quake, Had roused the zeal of martyrs; Had kept the Court an hour a wake, And tne king himself three-gnarters.” Alliteration is the commencement of tw r o or more words, in the same or adjoin¬ ing lines, with the same or closely allied sounds. Ex. “ The parted bosom clings to wonted J»ome, If aught that’s kindred cheer t/*e wel¬ come dearth; T KEY.—I PERCEIVED, WITH HALF AN EYE, IT HAD BEEN SCOUREr KEY.—WHENEVER I ATTEMPT TO RUN, I FIND I AM UNABLE EX.—ALTHOUGH YOU WEEE IN SUCH HASTE TO GO, I SEE YOU ARE RETURNED EACH AGAIN. EX.— HE WAS NEVER AN INSTANT DIVERTED FROM HIS PURPOSE. 30 & Gompentitous 'JEngltsf) Grammar. He that is lonely, Either let him roam, And gaze complacent on congenialearth. Greece is no lightsome land of social mirth: But he whom [Sadness sootheth may abide, And scarce regret the rcyion of his birth, When wandering slow by Delphi’s sa¬ cred side, Or grazing o’er the plains, where Greek and Persian died.” 75. Specimens of the principal English metres— In order to distinguish the dif¬ ferent kinds of metre, certain names are borrowed from the prosody of Latin and Greek. Thus, an accented syllable preced¬ ed by one unaccented is regarded as equi¬ valent to a long syllable following a short one, and is called an Iambic. Ex. “Away, or 5.way; rejoice, or rejoice.” An accented or long syllable before an accented or short one. is called a Trochee. Ex. “Wretched, or wretched; rising, or rising.” An accented syllable followed by two unaccented is called a Dactyl. Ex.“I'ndustry, or industry; Exquisite, or exquisite.” An accented syl¬ lable following two unaccented is called an Anapaest. Ex. “ Lochinvar, or LOchin- var; cavalier, or c5.v5.lier.” . The most common metres are varieties of the Iambic, the Trochaic, and the Ana¬ paestic ; the differences consisting in the number of Iambics, &c., in each line. Further differences arise out of the various kinds of lines, and the manner in which they are grouped so as to form the stanzas. Our examples principally illustrate the composition of single lines. 1. Iambic metre. Tour syllables. “ With rAvisht ears, The m6narch hears; Assumes the g6d, Affects the n6d.” Six syllables. “ What th6ugh light Phce'bus’ be5ms Refresh the s6uthem gr6und. And th6ugh the princely thrones With beauteous ny'mphs ab6und.” Eight syllables. “ And m5y at list my weary ige Find out the peiceful hermitage, The hairy g6wn and missy rill.” Ten syllables. (Heroic.) “Such sweet compulsion d6thin rniisic lie, To lull the diughter 6f necessity', And keep unsteady niture to her law, And the slow w6rld in measured motion draw.” Twelve Syllables. (Alexandrine.) “A cinstant maiden still she 6nly did re- The list Aer genuine liws which stoutly did retiin.” Fourteen syllables. - “ As'whin about the silver m6on, when air is free from wind, And stirs shine clear: to whdse sweet beams, high pr6spects, ind the br6ws Of ill steep hills and pinnacles, thrust up themselves for shOws.” The most frequent combinations of Iambic metres are those exemplified in the following stanzas. 1. Short. “Thou knOw’st that twice a diy I’ve br6ught thee, in this cin, Fresh witer fr6m the running bro6k, As cleir as ever rin.” 2. Common. “ Of 5’ the iirts the wind can bliw, I deirly like the west; For there the bbnnie lissie lives, The lissie I' lo’e best.” 3. Long. “ 0 thoi by wh6se expressive irt Her perfect image niture sees * In union with the Graces start, And sweeter by' reflection pleise.” 2. Trochaic metre. Three syllables. “Here we miy Think and priy Before deith St6ps our breith.” Four syllables. “Rich the treisure, Sweet the pleisure.” ’Five and six syllables. " Fill the bumper fair: Svery dr6p we sprinkle O'n the br6w of cire, Smo6ths awiy a wrinkle.” Seven syllables. “L6ve is hdrt with jir and fret, L6ve is mide a vain regret. Ey'es with idle tears are wet. I'die habit links us yet.” Eight syllables. “ Bind the sea to slumber stilly, Bind its Odour t6 the lily, Bind the ispen ne’er to quiver, Thin bind L6ve to last for Over.” The most common use of this metre is in quatrains (or stanzas of four lines) of seven syllables. There is an almost infinite..variety of metres and of stanzas, produced by the intermixture of Iambics and Trochees, and of Iambic with Trochaic metres. 3. Dactylic metre.—The following spe¬ cimen will suffice for the illustration of the varieties of this metre. “ Had I a c5ve on some wild distant sh6re, Wh6re the winds h6wl to the waves’ dash¬ ing roar; There would I weep my woes, There seek my 16st repose, Till grief my ey'es should close, Ne’6r to wake m6re. 4. Anapaestic metre.—The effect of this metre can be learned from this illustra¬ tion. “I have 16st for that faith more than thod canst best6w, As the G6d who permits thee to pr6sper doth kn6w; . , In his h&nd is my he4rt and my h6pe; and in thine, . _ The land and the life which for him I re¬ sign.” Of the imitations of classical metres little needs to be said, except that they are not adapted to the genius of our lan¬ guage. Many attempts nave been made to render them acceptable, some with considerable success; but the great number of our monosyllables will always KEY.—HE WAS NOT FOR AN INSTANTJDIVERTED FROM HIS PURPOSE. HEY.— ALTHOUGH YOU WERE IN SUCH HASTE TO GO, I SEE YOU HAVE RETURNED. EX.—THERE IS NO PEOPLE ON EARTII THAT HAS MOPE FAULTS THAN THEY, EX.—WE DESCENDED DOWN THE HILL AT A QUICK PACE. prevent them .from coming into general use or favour. 76. Beside the kinds of stanza given already, which are, principally used in Divine service, some, other kinds may be exemplified here. 1.” Elegiac. “ Here r4stshis h£ad up6n the l&p of e&rth, A youth to f6rtune And to fame un- kn6wn; Fair science smiled not 6n his hhmble birth, And m61anch61y mark’d him f6r her 6wn.” 2. Ottava rima. “ ’T is swe6t to heir the watchdog’s h6nest birk Bay deip-mouth’d welcome is we driw near h6me; ’T is sweet to kn6w there is an iye will mirk Our c6ming, ind look brighter whin we c6me; ’T is swiet to bi awiken’d by' the lirk, Or lull’d by falling witers; sw6et the hum Of hies,the voice of girls, the s6ng of birds, The lisp of children ^nd their earliest w6rds.” 3. Spenserian. “ The Niobi of nitions; thire she stdnds, Childless and crbwnless, in her voiceless w6e; An empty im within her wither’d hinds, Whose h61y ddst was scitter’d 16ng ag6; Her Scipi6’8 t6mb contains no ishes n6w; Her very sepulchres lie tenantless Of their her6ic dwellers: d6st thou fl6w, Old Tiber, thrbugh a mirble wilderness ? Rise, with thy yellow wives, and mintle her distress!” III. A Concise History of ;the"English Language ; with Illustrations of the Derivation andFormation of Words. of all the languages of 1. The English Language belongs to the great Indo-European family, which in¬ cludes all the tongues (ancient and mo¬ dem) of our quarter of the globe (except, perhaps, some in the north-eastern cor¬ ner), the Armenian, the Zendish, and Per¬ sian, and all the dialects of Hindustan, which have sprung from the Sanscrit. It is a distinguished member of the Teutonic group; and is most closely related to the Dutch and German. And, as a consequence of the preeminence of Great Britain in arts, arms, and commerce, it is now spoken over a vast area in both hemispheres; and will very probably be, in time, the most extensively used o. the earth. 2. It is the lineal descendant of the lan¬ guage spoken by the Saxons, or Angles; whose original seat was on the lower Elbe, and who, between the years a.d. 365 and a.d. 597, established themselves in al¬ most all those parts of this island which had been permanently occupied by the Romans; the earlier Celtic inhabitants being either absorbed or destroyed, or driven into the mountainous regions of Galloway, Cumberland, 'Wales, and Corn¬ wall. Upon the pagan invaders, who were but little removea from their primitive barbarism, the effete civilisation and the corrupted Christianity, which the Ro¬ mans had planted in the island, could make but little impression. And the scanty number of British words adopted into the English language from the con¬ quered race (who have preserved their native tongue, even to the present day, in Wales) may be regarded as a fair measure of the influence which the Celts of Britain exercised over their Teutonic conquerors. We have few, if any, authentic memo¬ rials of the Saxon tongue prior to the year a.d. 597, except the names of persons and places; from which very little beyond the roots and simplest elements of some words can be learned. But from that time until the conversion of Anglo-Saxon into Eng¬ lish, we possess an increasingly great number of authentic documents, which exhibit the structure" and components of the language with the most satisfactory clearness. 3. During all the time that Anglo- Saxon was spoken here, the dialects used in different parts of England necessarily exhibited diversities as striking as those which are found at present in the po¬ pular speech of the various provinces. Those of the West and of Saxon Scotland were characterized by a considerable in¬ fusion of the Celtic element; whilst those north of the Humber and of East Anglia showed the effects of the Danish settlers in those regions; and the provincial dia¬ lects still exhibit the same peculiarities. From the ecclesiastios, whose profession¬ al tongue was low Church-Latin, there was a direct contribution of words to the literary vocabulary of the Anglo-Saxons; and, probably enough, to them may also be ascribed some or the grammatical pe¬ culiarities of their written language, as we have received it. 4. Not until the Norman Conquest, how¬ ever, was any strongly marked change in the language effected. The French, which the new lords of the country spoke, was not the native tongue of their race, but had been learned since their acquisition of Neustria. They attempted strenuously, but vainly, to retain their Romance dia¬ lect, as a badge of their superiority. Before the end of two hundred years, we find a royal proclamation, the dialect of which, whilst it shows that the Normans had been compelled to make themselves masters of the language of their thralls, also records with great exactness the effects of their in¬ fluence upon it, and marks the transition from Anglo-Saxon to English. This is not the only specimen of our English in its first stage; there are several famous old ballads and poems, and amongst others the Chro¬ nicle of Robert of Gloucester, which strongly confirm the conclusions derived from Henry the Third’s Proclamation. ^ 5. The next stage is indicated by the poems of Chaucer, the writings of Wick- liffe, and the Travels of Sir John M ande¬ an w A KEY.—WE DESCENDED THE HILL AT A QUICK PACE. THERE ARE NO PEOPLE ON EARTH THAT HAVE MORE FAULTS THAN THEY, A rEBI.IC DINNER WAS GIVEN TO THE INHABITANTS OF ROAST REEF AND n.DM PEPPING 32 _the most rapid rivers are seldom or ever deep. % GompcnTrious lEnglisI) Grammar. w vilie; in all which we see a kind of Eng-, ish.in its words, not so different from the English of to-day as many of our provin¬ cial dialects are. Caxton, and the intro¬ duction of the art of printing into England, may be noted as the indications of another stage in this progress. The ITench has by this time been driven out of every field, except the law; and the obstinacy with which it has clung to that last stronghold may be seen in the retention to our own times of the phrases (such as “La .Ueinele veut ”) used m giving or withholding the Royal assent to Acts of Parliament. 6. In the reign of Henry the Eighth, two great events occurred which inaugurated a new era for our tongue,—the revival of •;he study of the classical languages, and the Reformation, which brought in its train English translations of the Bible, English Rituals and Homilies, and thus greatly promoted the change which has here been traced. Last of aU may be nam¬ ed the writers of the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth cen¬ tury, who show the full and perfect growth of the English language. The few and slight traces of antiquity in the Authorized Version of the Holy scriptuie and in the Plays of Shakspeare, which are the greatest productions of this period, prove what has been said. , , 7. Of Milton and the great writers before the year a.o. 1700, and of the brilliant con¬ stellation which won for the reign of Anne the designation of “ the Augustan age of English Literature,” it is unneces¬ sary to speak. They wrote the language which we speak; and it is more by nidrvi- dual peculiarities, than by such as charac¬ teristically distinguish one age from an¬ other, that they are separated from the writers who have followed them, and from those which now worthily uphold the re-, nown of our national genius. 8. It has been since tne year a.d. low, that almost all the direct importations of words from the Greek and Latin languages have taken place into English; m the nrst instance, owing to the excessive zeal with which the great scholars devoted them¬ selves to the study of the ^ciussics , but subsequently, in great P ar t> as a con quence of the advance of science, a.Iuc has been ever demanding new terms to register her discoveries with, and to (in¬ fuse the knowledge of them amongst men The efforts which were made by the nrst great lexicographer of the English lan¬ guage, to corroborate and extend the ut,e of words derived from the Latin, have signally failed; and amongst the signs of the present times, must be particularly mentioned the disposition to employ words of Saxon origin, because of their force and picturesqueness ; rather than Latinized terms, which are m general both vague and feeble. . . , j 9 A lar°e influx of Oriental words took place as the result of the Crusades; but the principal additions from foreign lan¬ guages, other than the classical and Ro¬ mance tongues, have been made since the time when geographical discovery stimu¬ lated the commercial enterprise, and open¬ ed to England the empire of the sea 10. Specimens of the English language at successive stages of its progress. 1. Anglo-Saxon. Matthew, chap.v. ver. 43 •— h Ge gehyrdon thaet gecweden woes lufa thume nextan, and hata thume fe6nd ; s6thlice ic secge eow : luflath eowre fynd, and d6th wel tham the eow yfel doth, and gebiddath for eowre ehteras and taelen- dum eow; thaet ge sin eowres faeder beam, the on heofonum ys, sethe d£th thaet his sunne up-a-springth ofer tha g6dan and ofer tha. yfelan, and he laet rinan ofer tha rihtwisan and over tha unrihtwisan.” 2 Henry the Third’s Proclamation “ Witen ge well alle, thaet we willen and unnen thaet ure raedesmen alle, other the moare del of heom, thae beoth ichosen thurg us and thurg thaet loandes-folk on ure Kuneriche, liabbith idon, antLschullen don, in the worthnes of God, and ure threowthe, for the freme of the loande, thurg the besigte of than toforen lseide raedesmen, beo stedfaest and ilestinde in alle tliinge abutan aende, and we heaten alle ure treowe, in the treowthe thaet heo us ogen, that heo stede-feslliche healden and weren to healden, &c. &c.” 3. Sir John Mandeville “ in that londe, ne in many othere be- yonde that, no man may see the sterre transmontane, that is clept the sterre of the see, that is unmevable, and that is toward the Northe, that we clepen the Lode-sterre. But men seen another sterre, the contrarve to him, that is toward the southe, that is clept Antartyk. And right as the schipmen taken here avys here, and govern hem be the Lode-sterre, right so don schipmen beyonde the parties be the sterre of the southe, the which sterre ap- perethe not to us. And this sten e, that is toward the northe, that wee clepen the Lode-sterre,ne apperethe not to hem. For whiche cause men may wel perceyve,that the lond and the see ben ofrowndeschapp and forme. For the parti e of the firma¬ ment scliewethe in o contree, that schew- ethe not in another contree. And men may well proven be experience and sotyle compassement of wytt,that gif amanfond passages be schippes, that wolde go to serchen the world, men myghte go be schippe alle aboute the world, and aboven and benethcn. The whiche thum I prove thus, aftre that I have seyn. &c. &c.” 4. Chaucer. “ Gode counsade: “ Flie fro the prese and dwell with sotn- SuffiX*unto’thy gode though it be smalle, , . For horde hath hate, and climbyng tikilnesse, . Frece hath envie, and wee it brent oer all Savor no more than the behovin shall, Rede well thyself, that othir folke cans trede And trouthe the shall delivir it is no drede, ., . , Paine the not eche crokid to redresse. In trust of her that toumith as a balle, Grete rest standith in litel businesse, Beware also to spume against a palle, Strive not as doith a crocke with a walle, xey.-the most rapid rivers are seldom, or never, deep. KEY.-A PUBLIC DINNER. OF ROAST BEEF AND I* LUMPED DING WAS GIVEN TO THE INHABITANTS EX.—IT IS EQUALLY THE SAME TO ME WHETHER YOU RIDE OR WALK TO TOWN EX.—A BANDITTI INFESTED THE COUNTRY. % Compendious ISngltsf) Grammar. 33 Demith thyself that demist othir’s dede, And trouthe the shall delivir it is no drede. That the is sent receve in bnxomenesse ; The wrastlyng, of this worlde asketh a falle: Here is no home, here is but wildir- nesse, Forthe^pil^dm, forthe o best out of Loke up on high, and thanke thy God of all, Weivith thy luste, and let thy ghost the lede, And throuthe the shall delivir, it is no drede.” 5. Wickliffe. The “Magnificat.” Luke, chap. i. ver. 42, &c. “My soul magnifieth the Lord; and my spiryt hath g'ladid in God myn helthe; for he hath behulden the mekeness of his liandmayden. For lo, for this alle generatiouns schulen seye that I am blessia; for he that is mighti hath don to me grete thingis, and his name is holy. And his mersy is fro kyndrede into kyn- dredis to men that dreden him. He made myght in his arm, he scateride proude men with the thoughte of his herte. He sette down myghty men fro seete, and en- haunside meke men. He hath fulfillid hungry men with goodis, and he has lefte riche men voids. He havynge mynde of his mercy tooke up Israel his child, as he hath spokun to oure fadris, to Abraham, and to his seed into worldis.” Letter to Pope Urban YI. “ I have joyfully to telle alle trew men the bileve that I hold, and algatis to the Pope. For I suppose, that if mv faith be rightful and geven of God, the Pope will gladly conserve it: and if my faith be error, the Pope will wisely amend it. I suppose over tliis, that the Gospel of Christ be part of the corps of God’s la we. Fori belee ve that Jesu Christ, that gaf in his own persoun this Gospel, is very God and very mon, and be this it passes aLl other lawes. I suppose over this, that the Pope be most oblishid to the keping of the Gospel among all men that liven here. For the Pope is highest vicar that Christ hath here in erth. For moreness of Christ’s vicars is not measured by worldly moreness, bot by this, that this vicar sues more Christ by vertuous living; for thus teches the Gospel. That this is the sentence of Christ and of his Gospel I take as bileve; that Christ for time that he walk¬ ed here was most poore man of all, both in spirit and in haveing; for Christ says that he had noht for to rest his hede on. And over this I take as bileve, that no man 6chulde sue the Pope, ne no saint &c.” 6. Sir Thomas More :— “Kynge Edwarde in his life, albeit that this disceneion beetwene hys frendes somme what yrked hym; yet in his good health he sommewhat the lesse regarded it; because hee thought whatsoeuer bus>- nes shoulde falle betwene them, hymselfe shoulde alwaye bee hable to rule bothe the parties. Put in his last secknesse, when he receiued his natural strengthe soo sore enfebled, that hee dyspayred all recoue- rye, then hee consyderynge the youthe of his chyldren, albeit he nothinge lesse mis- trusted then that that happened, yet well forseynge that manye harmes myghte growe by theyr debate, wliyle the youth of hys children shoulde lacke discretion of themself and good counsayle of their frendes, of which either part yhold coun¬ sayle for their owne commodity, and rather by pleasante aduyse too Wynne themselfe fauour, than by profitable aduertisemente to do the children good, he called some of them before him that were atuariance, and in especyall the Lorde Marques Dor- sette,the quenes sonne by her fvrsthouse- bande. and Richard e the Lorde Hastvnges, a noble man, than lorde chaumberlavne, agayne whome the quene specially grudg¬ ed, for the great fauoure the Kvng bore hym, and also for that shee thoughte him secretly familyer with the Kynge in wan¬ ton companye. &c. &c.” 7, Earl of Surry :— “Description of Spring, wherin echo thing renewes, save only the lover. “The soote season that bud and bloome fourthe bringes, With grene hath cladde the hylle, and eke the vale. The nightingall with fethers new she singes; The turtle to her mate hathe tolde her tale; Somer is come, for every spray now springes; The hart hath hunge hys olde head on the pale, The bucke in brake hys winter coate he flynges; The fishes fiete with new repayred scale; The adder alle her slough awaye she fl ynges; The swift swallow pursueth the flyes smalle; The busie bee her honie howshemynges; Winter is wome, that was the flouris bale. And thus I see among these pleasant thynges, Eche care decayes, and yet my sorrow sprynges.” 11. Illustrations of the derivation and formation of words. —No part of the mo¬ dem science of grammar is of greater or more general interest, than that which treats of the derivation and formation of words; and in none have more important results been secured. The account which can be given here of the labours of philo¬ logists in tliis rich field must, of necessity, be exceedingly brief, and at the utmost can serve only to show the kind of con¬ clusions wliich have been established, and to intimate the nature of the evidence which has been employed; so as, perhaps, to stimulate to further reading and in¬ quiry It has already been stated, that our Eng¬ lish tongue is the liifPal descendant of the language spoken by the Saxons or Angles, who came over to this island from the country about the lower Elbe, in the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries of our era. The following lists of English words will demonstrate this fact; and will also show that nearly all our most common words are of native origin. In addition to the Anglo-Saxon equivalents, a few specimens of kindred words in other Teutonic lan- KEY.—BANDITTI INFESTED THE COUNTRY. D KEY.—IT IS THE SAME TO ME WHETHER YOU RIDE OR WALK TO TOWN EX,—BUT WHOM SAY YE THAT I AM? 34 % ©ompentftous lEngltsfy (Grammar. e M P$ Ch w P3 O t W O H P O W H w £ O o H O fc § o W o I t M « guages are given, for the P^rpose of iilus- trating what has been intimated of the relation of our tongue to the German and Scandinavian languages. Did space per¬ mit similar illustrations from the entire range of the Indo-European languages could be added; but those must be sought elsewhere. The following lists of English words have been formed, as specimens and illustra¬ tions of the facts above stated. They could not be made complete, without occupying greater space than we could afford to this subiect: and it was not thought desirable to make them uniform, because so many more aspects of etymological research could be exhibited by the plan adopted. 1. Names of common objects in English,. Acorn Acre Adze, Axe Ankle Anvil Apple Arm Arrow Ash Ashes Awe Awl Back Bane Beacon Beam Beard Beaver Bed Bee Beer Berry Bircn. Bird Blood Bloom, Blossom Boat Bone. Book Borough, burgh Bosom Bough Bourn, burn Bow Bower Brain Breast Breath Brook Burden Butter Butterfly Calf Cap, cape Care Chaff Chalk Cheese Chest Chicken Chin Church Churl Clay Cliff Clover Anglo-Saxon. Accorn Acer Adese Ancleo Anfill JEppel Earm Arwe Acse Asca Oga JEle Bac Bana Beacn Beam Beard Befer Bedde Beo Bere Beria Birce Bridd Blod Blosm Bot Ban Boc Burg Bosm Boh, bug(an) Bume Boga Bur Brsegen Breost Brseth Broc Byrthen Butere Butterflege Cealf Caeppe Caru Ceaf Cealc Cyse Cyst Cicen Cinne Cyrice Ceorle SP Claefre Words compounded with prepositions and particles have been generally omitted; and sometimes more ancient ‘ forms of words than modem dictionaries insert have been given. Questionable etymo¬ logies have been, as far as possible, avoid¬ ed ; and only the immediate sources of our English words pointed out. Those lists will, however, afford much instruction re¬ specting the history of our native tongue; and suggest much beneficial and entertain¬ ing inquiry to observant minds. And it is for this purpose, chiefly, that they have been extended so far as to afford a view of the origin of a very large proportion of the words now in daily use where the English language is spoken. nature and art; abstractions , SfC. Teutonic. Oer. Du. Enckel Ger. Ambold; Du. JEnbeld Du. Appel; Ger. Apfel r. Du. D Ger. . Dan. Arm Du. Ger. Esch Du. Ger. Asche Ger. Ahle Ger. Bach; Sw. Bak Du. Boom Ger. Du. Bart Du. Bever; Ger. Biber Ger. Bett Du. Bie; Ger. Biene Ger. Du. Bier Ger. Beere Ger. Birke; Dan. Birk Ger. Blut; Dan. Blod Du. Bloeme; Ger. Blume Ger. Du. Boot Ger. Bein Ger. Buch; Du. Boek Du: Ger. Burg; Dan. Borg Ger. Busen Ger. Brunn Ger. Bogen Ger. Bregen; Du. Breyne Ger. Brust; Dan. Bryst Du. Bruycken Ger. Biirde Ger. Butterfliege Ger. Kalb; Du. Kalf Ger. Kappe; Dan. Cap Ger. Kasten; Dan. KM Du. Kicken Ger. Kinn ; Du. Kinne Ger. Kirche Ger. Kerl Du. Kleg Du. Klif; Sw. Klift Du. Klover key.—BUT WHO SAY YE THAT I AM? KEY.—A WATCH CANNOT GO WITHOUT A WEIGHT OR A SPRING. EX.—ALL HIS PLAYS ARE PRINTED IN THE ORDER' THEY WERE WRITTEN. EX.— THE BANKS OF THIS RIVER ARE OVERFLOWN. English. Coal Cock Comb Corn Cot Cow Crab Creek Cress Cup Daisy. Dale, dell Day • Death Deal, dole Deer Den Dew Dish Ditch, Dike Doom Door Dove Down ( hill ) Dross Dust Ear Earth East Eel Elm •Emmet End Errand Evening Ewe Eye Fathom Fear Feather FeU Fen Fetter Fiddle Field Fiend Fingerl Fire ' Fish' Fist Flesh Flock Fly Foam Fog Folk Foot Fowl Fox Friend ITog Frost’ Furze Gad, goad Gallows Game Gander Gate Ghost Glass Glee Glove Goat Anglo-Saxon. Col Coce Comb Com Cote Cu Crabba Crecca Cerse Cuppa Daeges-eage Dal Daeg Daeth Dael Deor Denn Deaw Disce" Die Dom Dora Duva Dune Dros Dust Ear Eorthe East (El (Eg JElfe Elm -SEmette End JErend iEfen Eowa Eage Faethm Faer Fether FeU Fenn Fetter Fithele Feld Feond Finger Fyr Fisc Fyst Flaesc Floe Fleoge Fcem Fog Folc Fot Fugel Fox Freond Frocca Frost Fyrs Gad Galga Gamen Gandra Gaet Gast Glaes Gleo Glof Got Teutonic. Du. Ger. Kohle Du. Kock Ger. Kamm; Du. Kom Du. Koren; Dan. K om Ger. Kuh; Du. K.oe Ger. Du. Krabbe Du. Kerse; Ger. Kresse Du. Dan. Kop Du. Dal; Ger. Thai Du. Dagh; Dan. Dag; Ger. Tag Du. Dier; Ger. Thier Du. Dauw Du. Dische; Ger. Tisch Ger. Deich; Du. Dyk Dm. Door; Ger. Thiir Du. Duyve; Ger. Taube . (Egg; Ger. Ey; Du. Bi Du. Alf; Ger. Alp Ger. Ulme Du. Emte Ger. Du. Ende Ger. Abend; Dm. Evenen Dm. Ouwe Ger. Auge Ger.,Faden Ger. Feder; Dm. Yeder Dm. Yel Dm. Yenne Ger. Fiedel 2>m. Yeld; Ger. Feld Sw. Fiend; Ger. Feind Dan. Ger. Finger Dan. Fyr; Du. Yier Ger. Fisch Ger. Faust Ger. Fleisch Ger. Fliege Dm. Yoeghe Ger. Yolk Dm. Yuet; Ger. Fuss Dm. Yoghel; Sw. Fogel Ger. Fuchs Ger. Frosch Ger. Dan ..Frost Dan. Galge; _(?er. Galgen Ger. Gans Ger. Geist Ger. Du. Dan. Glas Dm. Geyt; Ger. Geisz KEY. THE BANKS OF THIS RIVER ARE OVERFLOWED. ALMOST NO RENT FOR THE LAST FOUR YEARS. _ _ . _ T ttt-i nv vv AND WE BOTH TOOK A WALK KX ,—HIS BROTHER CALLED ON ME, anu ___ 36 H O o m < H a H K fa ©ompcnUtous lEngltsl) Grammar. 1 English. God Gold Goose Gospel Gossip Grass Grave Grove Ground Guest Guild Hair Hail Hall Hammer Hand Hare Harm Harvest Hat Haven Hawk Hay Head Heart Hearth Heat Heath Heaven Hedge Heifer Height Hen Herd Herring Hill Hithe Hole Home Honey Hook Hope Horn Horse Hose Hound House Ice Inch Tnn Iron Island Ivy Keel Kettle Key Kiln Kin Kingdom Knave Knife Knot Ladder Lamb Land Landscape Lark Law Lea Lead Leaf Leather Leech Length Life Anglo-Saxon. God Gold Gos Godspell Godsib Gaers Graef Graef Grand Gsest Gild Haer Hagol Heall Hamor Hand Hara Hearm Haer-fest Haet H®fen Hafoc Heg Heafod Heorte Heorthe Hete Haeth Heofen Hege Heahfur Hihthe Haen Heorde Hering Hill Hyth Hole Haem Hunig Hoc Hopa Horn Hors Hosa Hund Hus Is Lice Inn Isen, iren Igland Ififf Ceol Cetil Caeg Cylene Cyn Cynedom Cnafa, cnapa Cnif Cnott Hlaedre Lamb Land Landscipe Lafere Lah, lagu Leah Laed Leafe Lether Leece Lencg Lif Teutonic. Du. Goed; Ger. Gott Ger. Gold ; Sto. Dan. Gind Du. Goes; Ger. Gans. Du. Grass; Ger. Grasz Ger. Grab Ger. Dan. Grund; Du. Grond Ger. Du. Gast Du. Gilde, guide Du. Haer; Ger. Haar Ger. Hagel Dan. Ger. Hammer Du. Ger. Sw. Hand Dan. Hare; Ger. Haas Dan. Hat; Ger. Hut Du. Haven ; Ger. Hafen Du. Havick; Sw. Hoek. Ger. Heu Ger. Haupt Du. Hert; Ger. Herz Ger. Heide Du. Haeghe; Sw. Hag Du. Henne; Ger. Huhn Ger. Herde Du. Haring Du. Hille ; Ger. Hugel Ger. Du. Hoi Ger. Heim; Du. Heym Ger. Du. Honig Du. Hoeck; Ger. Hak Ger. Du. Dan. Horn Sio. Hors Dan. Hose; Ger. Hosen Ger. Dan. Sto. Hund Du. Hays; Ger. Haus Du. Eys; Sw. Is; Ger. Eis Sw. Iem; Ger. Eisen Du. Kiel ; Ger. Keil Du. Ketel, Ger. Kesscl Ger. Knabe _ Du. Kniif; Ger. Kneif Ger. Knote Du. Ladder Ger. Du. Lamm Ger. Du. Sw. Ladd Du. Landschap Du. Lerke; Scot. Laverock Du. Lauwe; Ger. Lage Sw. Loef; Du. Loof Ger. Du. Leder Du. Lenglide; Ger. Lange < a >* si P O fa H w *< a d o a H z a a i* z < in a a o d < a CO Q a > a o a a CO 3 Ger. Leben > a t4 KZT.-HIS BROTHER CALLED ON ME, AND WE TOOK A WALK. EX.—WHENEVER I TRY TO READ CORRECTLY, I ALWAYS FIND I CAN DO IT. ®X.—THEY SOUGHT HIM THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE OP THAT COUNTRY. 3X <£ompcnTrious lEngltsf) (Grammar. 37 English. Light Limb Lip Loaf Lock' Maiden, Maid Malt Man Marsh Mast Mat Mead Meadow Meal Meat Might Milk Mill Mist Month Moon Moor Morning Moth Mould Mouth Nail Name Neck Need Needle Nest Net Night Noon North Nose Nut Oak Oar Oath Orchard Oven Owl Ox Pain Path Pebble Penny Pipe Pit Pitch Pool Pouch, poke Pound Prick Pride Rain Rake Ram Raven Reed Rib Ridge Rim Rime Rind Ring ‘ Road Rood Roof Rook Room Rope Row Anglo-Saxon. Leoht Lim Lippa Hlaf Loc Maeden Mealt Man Mersc Maest Meatte Teutonic. Iht. Lip; Oer. Lippe Oer. Laib Oer. Magd; Du. Maged Dan. Sw. Malt; Oer. M&lz Du. Oer. Sw. Mann Oer. Marsch Du. Oer. Maest, mast Oer. Du. Matte Meda Maed Du. Meede; Oer. Met Mael Mete Oer. Mai; Du. Maal Maegth Mealc Mylne Ger. Du. Macht Oer. Milch; Du. Melch Mist Du. Mist Monath Oer. Monat Mona Ger. Mond; Dan. Maane Mor Ger. Mor; l)u. Moer Morgen Ger. Du. Dan. Morgen Mothe Molde Du. Oer. Motte Muth _ Naegl Nama Oer. Nagel Hnecca Nsed Du. Nek; Ger. Nacke Naedel Ger. Nadi • Du. Naedel Nest Ger. Du. Nest Net Du. Nett; Dan. Net Niht Du. Oer. Nacht Non Du. Noen North Ger. Dan Nord Naes Ger. Nase Hnut Du. Noot; Ger. Nusz Ac, me Ar Dan. Aare Ath Ortgeard Ger. Eid Ofne Du. Oven; Ger. Ofen Ule Ger. Eule; Dan. Uyl Ox a . Ger. Oclis; Dan. Oxe Pin Ger. Pein ; Du. Peine Path Pabol Du. Pad; Ger. Pfad Pening Ger. Pfenning Pip fytt Du. Pype; Ger. Pfeife Pic Oer. Pech Pol Pocca Ger. Pfuhl; Du. Poel Pund Du. Pond ; Ger. Pfund Prica Piyt Ger. Pricke Regen Ger. Regen; Dan. Rcgn Race Ram Ilricfn Ger. Rechen Hreod Oer. Ried Rib Ger. Ribbe Hricge Rima Ger. Ruck Hrim Sw. Rim Rind Ger. Rlnde Urine Rad Du. Ringh; Ger. Sw. Ring. Rod Ger. Rode Hrof Hroc Du. Roef Rum Ger. Raum; Du. Ruym Rap Du. Hoop Raewa Ger. Reine KEY.—THEY SOUGHT niM THROUGH THE WHOLE OP THAT COUNTRY. KEY.~WHENEYER •! TRY TO READ CORRECTLY. I FIND I CAN DO IT. EX— wno WERE YOU INQUIRING FOR? 38 % ©ompentftous lEnglts!) (Grammar. English. Anglo-Saxon. "Teutonic. Rudder Rother Du. Ger. Roeder Rush Rise Rust Rust Dan. Rust; Ger. Rost Sack Sacc! Saddle Sadel Du. Sadel; Ger. Sattel Sail Segel' Du. Seyl; Ger. Segel Salve Sealf Ger. Salbe Sand Sand Du. Ger. Dan . Sic. Sand Sap Saep Du. Sap Scythe, sithe Sithe Sea Sae Du. Ger. See Seam' Seam Ger. Saum Sedge Secg Seed Sa?-• Send Sendan Ger. Senden 55 V, Set Settan Eu. Setten ; Gcr. Setzen < Sew Seowian k k Shake Scacan H i-H H Shah Sceal Ger. Sollen X 55 Shine Scinan Ger. Scheincn O c Shoot * Sceotan Du. Schieten ; Ger. Schiessen A P Show Sceawian Ger. Schauen K Shrink Scrincan Du. Schrincken; Ger. Schrencken 5-> P Sing Singan Ger. Singen P P Sit Sittan Du. Sitten ; Ger. Sitzen H H Slay Slean Du. Slaen ; Ger. Schlagen Q p Slip Slipan Du. Slippen; Ger. Schiipfen W c« Smart Smeortan Gcr. Sckmevzcn ►H >—• Smite Smitan Du. Smytcn X 55 Soothe Gesothian 5-> H" Sow Sawan W < Spare Sparian > (4 N fe Speak Sprecan, specan Ger. Sprechen k Spin Spinnan Ger. Du. Spinnen p Spread Spraedan Ger. Spreiten p r- Stand Sxandan Du. Standen ; Ger. Stehcn w H o Stare Starian Ger. Stamm o < Steal Staelan Gcr. Du. Stolen M < Stick Stician Du. Stiken pH < ►H l—i Strew Streowian Ger. Streuen 0 o Sunder Syndrian Gcr. Son deni o CO Swallow Swelgan Du. Swelgen CO « Swear Swaerian Gcr. Sehweren « O Swim Swimman Du. Swimmcn o o Take Toecan Ger. Du. Tachen o w Tear Taeran Du. Tecren w o Tell Tellan o 55 Thank Thancian Du. Tliancken ; Ger. Danken 25 ►H 1 Think Thencan Ger. Denken ; Du. Dcnckcn 1. Threat, threaten Threatian 1 X Throw Thrawan k Tread Tredan Du. Tredcn ; Ger. Treten M Trow Treowian Du. Trowen ; Ger. Trawen 54 Turn Tyman Understand Understands Upbraid Upgebredan Wade Wadan Ger. Waden Wag Wagian Wander Wandrian Ger. Wandem; Du. Wariheln Ward Wardian Was Was, waes Du. Was; Gcr. War Wash Wascan Ger. Du. Waschen Wear W eran Weave Wefan Du. Weven; Ger. Weben Weep Weopan Wend Wend an Gcr. Wenden Wield Wealdan KEY.— ■BY GOING OFTEN TO CHURCn IT BECOMES HABITUAL. 11! 46 EX—A VARIETY OF OBJECTS AltE PLEASING TO THE EYE. % Compentrious SEngltsf) Grammar, English. Will Wish Wit Wonder Work Write Yearn Yield I Thou He She It We Ye, you They My, mine Thy, thine His Her Our, ours Your, yours Their, theirs Me Thee Him Her Us You Them This These That Those Who Whose Whom Which What Whether The Own Self Such One, people Abroad Astray Better Black Bleak Blind Blue Bold Bright Broad Brown Busy Chill Cold Cool Cunning Dead Deaf Dear Deep Dreary Dry Early Evil Fair “ Anglo-Saxon. Willan Wiscian Witan Wundrian Wyrcan Writan Geomian Gyldan Teutonic. T)u. Willen ; Ger. Wollen Ger. Wunschen Du. Weten; Ger. Wissen Ger. Wundem Ger. Wirken 6. Pronoun$. Ic Ger. Ich’; Du. Ik Thu Ger. Du. Du He Du. Hy Heo Ger. Sie; Du. See Hit Ger. Es ; Du. Het We Ger. Wir; Du. Wy Ge Du. Ghe Hi Ger. Sie Min Ger. Mein, meiner Thin Ger. Dein, deiner His Hire Ger. Ihrer, ihr Ure Eower Ger. Euer Hira Me Ger. Mich The Ger. Dich Him Ger. Ihn, ihm Hire Us Ger. Uns; Du. Ons Eow Ger. Euch Him This Ger. Dieser/dies; Du. Deese Thas Thaet Ger. Das; Du. Dat Tha, Thara Hwa Ger. Wer; Du. Wie Hwaes Ger. Wessen Hwone, hwoem Ger. Wen, Wem Hwylc Ger. Welcher, welch; Du. Welck Hwaet Ger. Was ; Du. Wat H whether Ger. Welcher; Du. Weder Se, Seo Ger. Der, die ; Du. De Agen Ger. Eigen; Du. Eigenen Sylf Ger. Selber, selb; Du. Self Swilc Ger. Solcher, 60 lche; Du. Sulck Man Ger. Man 7. Adjectives. Abrsedan Astraeged Betere Bisec Blac Blind Bleo Bald Beorht Brad Bran Busig Cyle Ceald Col Cennung Dead Deaf Deor Deop Dreorig Drig iErlicc Efel Faeger Ger. Besser Ger. Du. Black Dan. Bleeg Ger. Blau; Du. Blauw Ger. Breit; Du. Breed Ger. Braun Du. Besigh Ger. Kvihl; Du. Koud Ger. Taub Du. Dier Dm. Diep; Ger.Tief Du. Evel; Ger. Uebel 'KEY.*—JOHN MAY MAKE THE ATTEMTT, BUT HE CANNOT SUCCEED, EX. THE KING’S HEALTH WAS DRANK WITH EVERY MARK OP ENTHUSIASM. EX.— BE THAT AS IT WILL, I CANNOT EXCUSE YOU. English. Fast Fat Fell Fickle Forlorn Foul Free Fresh Full Ghastly, ghostly Glad Good Great Green Grey, gray Grim Hard Heavy High Hoarse Holy Hot Hungry Idle Kind Lame Late Less Light Like if ng Meagre Mean Merry Middle Mild More Most Naked Narrow Near Nether New Next Nigh Olt, often Old Pretty Proud Quick Rank Raw Ready Red Rich Right Ripe Rough Same Seldom Shamefaced Sharp Short Sick Slack Slow Small Smooth Soft Sound Sour Starboard Steep Stern Strong Anglo-Saxon. Faest Faett Fell Ficol Forloren Ful Freo Fersc Full Gastlic Glaed God Great Grene Graeg Grim Heard Heafig Heah Has Halig Hat Hungrig Idel Cynde Lam Laete Les Leoht Lie Lang Maeger Maene Myrig Middel Milde Mare Maest Naced Nearo Neah Nythera Newe Next Nih Oft Eald Praete Prut, Cwic Ranc’ Hreow Hraed Read Rice Riht Ripe Ruh Same Seldon Sceamfacst Scearp Scort Seoc Sleac Slaw Smael Smethe Soft Sund Sur Steorbord Steap Stym Strang Teutonic. Du. Yet; Gcr. Fett Du. Fel Ger. Yerloren Du. Yrii; Ger. Frei Ger. Frisch Ger. Voll; Du. Yol Ger. Geistlich Du. Dan. Goed; Ger. Gut Du. Groot; Ger. Gross Ger. Grun; Dan. Du. Sw. Groen Ger. Grau Du. Grim; Ger. G rimm Du. Hard; Ger. Hart Ger. Hoch Ger. Heilig Ger. Hungerig Ger. Du. Lam. Du. Laet Get\ Leicht Du. Lijk; Ger. Leich Ger. Dan. Lang Du. Maeghir; Ger. Mager Ger. Mittel Ger. Du. Mild Ger. Mehr; Du. Meer Ger. Meist: Du. Meest Du. Naeckt; Ger. Nackend Ger. Nahe Du. Neder Ger. Neu Ger. Oft Du. Oud; Ger. Alt Ger. Quick Du. AYranghe Du. Rouw; Ger. Roh Dan. Roed; Ger. Roth Ger. Reich Ger. Du. Recht Ger. Rauch; Du. Rouw Ger. Dan. Same Ger. Selten Ger. Scharf; Dan. Sharp Dxi. Schorte Du. Sieck; Ger. Siech Du. Slaeck; Ger. Schlack Du. Smalj Ger. Schmal Du. Saeft Ger. Gesund Ger. Streng BE THAT AS IT MAY, ^1 CANNOT EXCUSE YOU. KEY. THE KING’S HEALTH WAS DRUNK WITH EVERY MARK OF ENTHUSIASM. I EX.—COME HERE, SIR, AND SAY YOUR LESSON. English. Sweet Swift Tame Thick Thin Tough Upright Warm Waste Weary Well Anglo-Saxon. Swete Swift Tam Tliic Thyn Toh Uprihte Wearm Weste Werig Wsell Teutonic. Du. Soet Ger. Zam Ger. Du. Dick Du. Oprecht; Ger. Aufrecht Ger. Warm Ger. Wiist White Hwit Whole Walg Wild Wild Wise Wis Worthy Weorthig Yellow Gealewe Young Geong 8. Nur One (an) An Two Twa Three Threo Four. Feower Five Fif Six Six Seven Seofen Eight Eahta Nine; Nigon Ten Tyn Eleven Endlafon Twelve Twelf Thirteen Threottyne Twenty T wen tig Hundred Hundred Thousand Thusend First (former) Forme, first Second (other) Other Third Thrydde Fourth Feorthe Fifth Fifte Sixth Sixte Twentieth Twentugothe Few Feawa Many Mamig, fela Some Sum All Eal Much Mycle, fela Little Lytel Half Healf Any _®nig None Naemg Either Awther, a'gther Neither Nawther Each JElc Both Batwa Enounh Genoh Aught, something Alit Naught, nothing t Naht Du. Wei; Ger. Wohl Du. Wit; Ger. Weiss Du. Ger. Wild Ger. Weise Ger. Wurdig Ger. Gelb Ger. Jung Ein; Du. Een Zwei; Du. Twee Prei; Du. Dry Du. Yier Funf; Du. Viif Sechs Sieben; Du. Seven , Du. Acht , Neun; Du. Neghcn . Zehn; Du. Tien . Du. Elf . Zwolf; Du. Twelf . Dreizehn . Zwanzig; Du. Tweyntigh . Hmidert . Tausend; Du. Duysen* . Erst; Du. Veurst . Du. Ander . Dritte; Du. Derde . Vierte . Eiinfte . Sechste . Zwanzigste Ger. Viel; Du. Menig Du. Som Ger. Alle Du. Luttel Du. Half; Ger. Halb Ger. Einige Ger. Jeder Du. Elck Ger. Beide; Du. Beyde Ger. Genug; Du. Gunocg Ger. Etwas Ger. Nichts 9. Particles, that is to say, Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions. English. Above About After Again, against Almost Along Also Always Amid, Amidst Among, amongst And con. Anglo-Saz On-butan On-butan, Abutan JEfter Ongean Ealmaest Andlang JElswa Ealle waega Onmiddan Onmang And Significations. On-above Around Later Opposite to Almost At length Also Always In the middle Among And KEY.—COME HITHER, SIR, AND REPEAT YOUR LESSON. EX. FOReiVE ME THIS TIME, AND I WON’T DO SO NO MODS. EX.—NEITHER YOU NOR ME DID IT. % eTomptntftous lEnglfel) Grammar 40 Prefixes. A- Be- English. At Athwart Away Before Behind Beneath Beside Between Beyond But & Ere Even Ever Par For Forth Forwards From Hence Here Hither How Hu If Gif In In Less Lnes Near Neah Never Naefre No Na Nor N-oththe Not Nat, no Now Nu Of, off Of On On Only Onlice Or Oththe Out Ut Over Ofer Rather Rathor Seldom Seldon Since Sitlithan So Swa Soon Sona Still Stille Than,then Tlianne Thence Thanon There Thaw Thither Thider Though Theah Till Til To To Together Togaodra Through Thurh Anglo-Saxon. Alt Athwcort Onwaog Beforan, Toforan Behindan Beneoth Besidian Betwynan Bogeondan Butan Bi. big Elies Air Alt'cn Alter Feor For Forth Foreweard Pram Heonan Her Hider Unless Up When Whence Where While, whilst Whither Why With Within Without Yet Under Onles Up Hwaenne Hwanon H wa>r Hwile Hwider Hwi With Withinnan Withutan Oet Siguijicauont. With Twisted A M ay Before Behind Beneath By the side Between Beyond Unless Near Otherwise Sooner Equally Always . Far from On account of Forth Towards the front From From this place At this place To this place How Grant this In Less Nigh Not at any time Nay Not either Not Now Of On Only Either Without Above, beyond Earlier Rarely After that So Soon Quietly At that time From that place At that place To that place Although Until To Assembled Through Beneath Except High At what time From what place At what place During To what place For what Near, by Within Without Still 10. Inseparable Prefixes and Terminations. English Examples. Awake, arise; among, away Bethink, become; before, be¬ tween Forbid, forgive, forswear KEY.—FORGIVE ME THIS TIME, AND I WILL NOT DO SO ANY MORE, j;x._ HE PRESENTED A MEMORIAE VERY UNWISELY, WHERE HE ROASTED OF HIS SERTi-UES. T EX.- -MY FOOT SLIPPED AND I PRETTY NEAR FELL DOWN. 50 (£ompentttous 2£ngltsf) Grammar, Prefixes. Fore- Mis- N- To- Un- Terminations. -d, -t, -tli -dom -el, -le -en -er -hood -ing -ling -ness -’s -s,-es -snip -ster -ed, -d -en -en,-n -er -est, -st -eth (-es, -s) -ing -le -se -en -er, -r -em -est,-st -fold -ful ish -less -like,-ly -some -th, -d -■ward -y -iy English Examples. Foreshow, forestall; forward Mislead, mislike; misdeed Naught; never To-day, together, toward Unbind, undo; untruth, un¬ worthiness ; unwise,unfriend¬ ly; unloose English Examples. 1. Nouns. Deed, mead; might, flight, truth, strength Freedom, kingdom Girdle, handle, saddle Oxen, children Writer, sower, eater Manhood, knighthood Writing, running Darling, hireling Goodness, blitheness Man’s, men’s Days, whales Friendship, worship Songster, tapster 2. Verbs. Loved, heard Hasten, redden, sweeten Broken, drawn Hinder, wander Lovest, tellest, breakest Loveth, telleth, breaketh Loving, telling Handle, settle Cleanse 3. Adjectives Golden, leaden, brazen Harder, better . Southern, western Hardest, latest, first Twofold, threefold Sorrowful, sinful English, churlish Sinless, careless Queenlike, queenly; childlike; sunhke Irksome, lonesome Fourth, third, sixth Northward, forward, toward Bloody, dreary, worthy 4. Adverbs. Righteously, freely Anglo-Saxon Illustrations. Foresceawian, foresteallan; forewmard Mislaedan, mislician; nnsdaed Naht; niefre Todaeg, togsedre, toweard Unbindan, undon; untreowth, unwyrthnes; unwis,unfreond- lice; onlesan Anglo-Saxon Illustrations. Dsed, maed; miht, fliht; treo wth, strength Freodom, cinedom Gyrdel, handle, sadel (Tungan, steorran) Writere, sawere, etere Manhad, cnihthad Writing, seming Deorling, hyrling Godnes, blithenes Mannes Daegas, hwalas Freondscipe, weorthscipe Sangestre, taeppestre Lufod, hyred Efstan, readian, swetan Brocen, dragen Hindrian, wandrian Lufast, telst, bricst Lufiath, telth, bricth Lufigende, tellende Handlian, setlan Claensian Golden, laeden, braesen Heardi’e, betera Suthem, western Heardost, latost, fyrst Twyfeald, thryfeald Sorhfull, synfull Englisc, ceorlisc Synleas, cearleas Cwenlic; cildlic; sunlic Weorcsum . Feorthe, thridde, sixte Northweard, forthweatd, to¬ weard . Blodig, dreorig, worthig Rihtwislice, freolice 11. Words derived directly from the Scandinavian languages. Eiiglish. Awn Balk (beam) Ball Barge Bark (of a tree) Beleaguer Blink Board Boy Brackish Scandinavian. Dan. Aone; Sw. Agn Dan. Balck; Sw. Balk Sw. Ball Dan. Bargie Dan. Sw. Bark Sw. Balaeggra Sw. Blinka Dan. Borde ; Sto. Bord S?c. Bagge; Dan. Pog Dan. Brak E)iglish. Bug (terror) Cart, car Cast Clap Club Clump Cobbler Cork Damp Firth, frith x P a > 3i t£ x X t- 3! a O H H oo < O a a a m d £ $5 P 2 $ a > a a a o * a a ◄ M a o a a a a a H Z a X a a a a ? >5 a a Scandinavian. Sw. Puke Dan. Karre Sw. Kasta; Dan. Haste Sw. Klappa; Dan.Klappe Sw. Klubba Sw. Klumpe; Dan. Dan. Kohler [Klompe Dan. Kork Dan. Damper Dan. Fiord KEY.—MY FOOT SLIPPED AND I NEARLY FELL DOWN EX—I DON’T KNOW NOTHING ABOUT IT. EX.—I CAN DO IT EQUALLY AS WELL AS HE. % Compendious lEngltsf) Grammar. 61 English. Scandinavian. English. Scandinavian. Flat Dan. Flad Nick (devil) Sw. Neck Fleck (spot) Flounder (fish) Sw. Fleck; Dan. Flek Odd Sio. Udde Sio. Flandra; Dan. Flyn- Plum Sw. Plomm Glimmer Dan. Glimrer [der Ransack Dan. Ransager Halt Dan. Halter Rinse Dan. Renser Hammer Dan. Hammer ; Sw. String Dan. String Harsh Dan. Sw. Harsk [Hamar Tramp Dan. Tramper Leg Dan. Leg Yule Dan. Juul; Sw. Jul. 12. Words derived directly from the French language, most of which are of Latin origin; others from the Greek, fyc. English. French. English. French. Abase Abbaiser Broil Bruler Abate Abbatre Buckler Bouclier Abhor Abhorrer Bullion Billon - Abridge Abrtger Buss Baiser Abut Abouter Butcher Boucher Accept Accepter Butler Bouteiller Ace As Button Bouton Achieve Achever Caitiff , Ch<5tif Acquaint Accointer Candle Chandelle Act Acte Cannon Canon Adamant Diamant Cant Chant Admit Admettre Capable Capable Advantage Avantage Capon Chapon Affection Affection Car Char Aggregate Aggreger Aider Card Carte Aid Career Carridre Alas H<§las Case, cash Caisse Alley AU<§e Cavalier Chevalier Amend Amender Causeway ChaussSe Ancient Ancien Ceremony C6remonie Anniversary Anniversaire Certain Certain Appal Appaillir Chafe Chauffer Appertain Appartenir Chamber Chambre Apply Appliquer Chapel Chapelle Apricot Abricot Chase Chasser Argue Arguer Cheat Escheat Aromatic Aromatique Cheer Ch6re Around En ronde Chestnut Chastaigne Arrest Arreter Chief Chef Aspire Aspirer Chimney CheminSe Assets Assez Chisel Cisaille Assent Assentir Choir Choeur Assize Assise Cipher Chiffre Astonish Etonner Circle Cercle Atrocious Atroce City Cit6 Attain Attaindre Clear Clair Attribute Attribuer Clergy Clergie Auditor Auditeur Clove Clou Aunt Xante Coach Coche Avow Avouer Coffee Cafust Kerchief Kickshaws Kitchen Labour Lackey Lake Lament Language Lash Laundress Lay Leash Legate. Legitimate Leisure Lesson Letter Libel Library Liege Line Linen Liquid Lodge Ldyal Lugubrious Lunar Luxury Magazine Majesty Maintain Male Manage Manor Manual Map Marble Marine Marry Marshal Marvel Mason Match ' Matter Mayor Mean Measure Medal Meddle Megrims Melody Memory Mercy Merchant Merit Metre Minister Minstrel French. Interroguer Intrinseque Invectiver Irr^conciliable Irr^solu Isle Jaloux Gel6e Jettcr Joyau Joindre Joli Joumale Joie Juger Jongleur Juste Couvrechef Quelqueschoscs Cuisine Labour Lacquay Lac Lamenter Langage Lascber Lavandi£re Lai Lesse L6gat Legitime Loisir Lecon Lettre Libelle Librairie Lige Ligne Linge Liquide Loge L£al, loyal Lugubre Lunaire Luxure Magazin Majeste Maintenir Mile Manage Manoir Manue.. Mappe Marbre Marin Marier Marechai Merveille Masson Meche Matiere Maieur Moyen Mesure' Medaille Meier Migraine M61odie M 6 mo ire Mercie Marchand M (t rite Metre Ministrer M£nestral English. Mirror Mischief Miscreant Mock Mode, mood Model Modem Modest Moiety Money Monster Moral Mortal Move Mountain Multiply Mushroom Music Mute Mutton Mystery Native Navy Neat Neglect Nephew Nerve Niece Note Novel Number Nurse Nutritive Obey Obstinate Occupy Ocean Odour Offer Onion Opine Ordain Order Ostler Ostrich Overt Ounce Pace Pain Paint Palace Pansy Pantry Paper Parcel Parchment Parish Park Parliament Partridge Patrol Pattern, patron Peace Peach Pearl Peasant Peculiar Peer Pellet Penal Pennant People Peril Peri wig Petty French. Miroir Meschef Mescr^ant Mocquer Mode Modelle Moderae Modeste Moiti6 Monnoye Monstre Moral Mortel Mouvoir Montaigne Multiplier Mouseheron Musique Muet Mouton Mysore Natif Navie Net NSgliger Neveu Nerf Ni6ce Noter Nouvclle Nombre Nourice Nutritif Ob6ir Obstin6 Occupor Octane Odeur Oifrir Oignon Opiner Ordonner Ordre Hosteller Autruche Ouvert Once Pas Peine Peindre Palais Pens^e Paneterie Papier Parcelle Parchemin Paroisse Parc Parlement Perdrix Patrouille Patron Paix Pesche Perle Paysan Peculier Pair Pelote Penal Pennon Peuple P6ril Perruque Petit KEY.—ARE YOU READY TO GO WITH ME ? I SHALL BE DROWNED, AND NOBODY WILL SAVE ME ! —I WAS LEARNT FRENCH ET A TEACHER FROM PARIS. EX.—HE HAS WHOLLY MISTOOK MY MEANING. 54 'fr (£cmpcntftous lEngltst) (Grammar. H « English. Piece pilgrim pinch pinion pint pioneer Piety Pistol Pity plead pleasant plunge poach pocket Poem Point Pollute Poltroon Poor Pork Powder Power Pray Preach Press Prey Prior Prison Prize Problem Proceed Proper Prow Pudding Puny Purse Push Quaint Quality Quantity Quarrel Quit Quote Racket Radish Rage Raisin Rampart Rancour Random Ransom Rave Realm Rear Reason Recover Recruit Refresh Refuse Regale Regiment Register Rem Rejoice Relic Rencounter Render Rent Republic Resemble Restore Retail Revel Review Rice Trench. Piece P61erin Pincer Pignon Pinte Pionnier Pi6t6 Pistolet Piti6 Plaider Plaisant Plongcr Pocher Pochette Po6me Poinctcr Polluer Poltron Pauvre Pore Poudre Pouvoir Prier Prfecher Presse Proie Prieur Prison Pris Probl^me Proc6der Propre Proue Boudin Puisn6 Bourse Pousser Coint 1 Quality Quantity Quereller Quitter Quoter Raquette Radis Rage Raisine Rempart Rancoeur Randon Ranqon Rever Royaume Arriere Raison Recouvrer Recroitre Refraischer Refuser Rggaler Regiment Registre Rene RSjouir Relique Rencontre Rendre Rente R6publique Ressembler Restaurer Retainer Reveille e Revue Riz English. Riot Risk Roast Rock Roll Rosin Rosemary Round Rumour Russet Sacred Sagacity Saint Salad Sally Salmon Samphire Sarcenet Satisfy Savage Sauce Safe Scaffold Scar Scarlet Scent Schedule Scissors Scourge Scout Screw, scroll Scruple Seal Search Season Second Sect See (episcopal) Seize Sense Sentinel Separate Serene Serf Serve Sexton Shallop Sign Similar Sincere Sir Skeleton Skirmish Slave Sober Soioum Soldier Sole Sordid Sort Sovereign Sound Space Spice Spine Splendour Spoil Spouse Sprite, spirit Squire Stamp State Stomach Story Study Trench. Riote Risque R6ter Roche Rouler Resin Rosmarine Ronde Rumeur Rousset Sacr£ Sagacity Samct Salade Saillir Saumon Sainct Pierre Sarcenet Satisfaire Sauvage Sauce Sauf Eschafaud Eschar Escarlate Sentir CMule Ciseaux Escourg^e Escoute Escroue Scrupule Sceau Chercher Saison Seconde Secte Sifcge Saisir Sens Sentinelle Sepaver Serein Serf Servir Sacristain Chaloupe Signe Similaire Sincere Sieur Squelette Escarmouche Esclave Sobre Sojourner Soldat Seul Sordide Sorte Souverain Son Espace Espice Espine Splendeur Spolier Espouse Esprit Escuyer Estampe Estat Estomac Histoire Estudier x »-< - ◄ Ph o C4 Ph ft W - < w H >* a u r. w Pm H a o a < EM X < * W a KEY.—HE HAS ENTIRELY MISTAKEN MY MEANING. "WIIAT A QUANTITY OP BOOKS YOU HAVE GOT IN YOUR LIBRARY ! EX.—FROM WHENCE HAVE YOU COME? K & (£ompcntaous lEngltsi) (Grammar. 55 English. French. English. French. Stuff Estoffe Umbrage Ombrage Sudden Soudain Uncle Oncle Sue Suivre Usher Huissier Sum Somme Valley Valiee Sure Sur Valiant Vaillant Surgeon Chirurgien Valour Valeur Tailor Tailleur Van Avant Tardy Tarde Vanquish Vaincre Task Tasche Vapid Vapide Tax Taxer Varnish Vemisser Tempt Tenter Vault Volte Tender Tendre Vaunt Vanter Tent Tente Vein Veine Terrace Terrasse Vend Vendre Theatre Theatre Venom Venin Throne Trdne Verdant Verdoyant Tile Tuile Very Vray Tinsel Etincelle Vessel Vaisseau Topic Topique Victuals Victuailles Towel Touaille Villain Vilain Tower Tour Vine Vigng Trail Trailler Vinegar Vinaigre Traitor Traitre Viper Vip6re Travel Travailler Virtue Vertu Treacle ThSriaque Vivacious Vivace Treason Traliison Voice Voix Troop Troupe Vow Vouer Trunk Tronc Wafer Gaufre Truss Trousser War Guerre Tune Ton Warrant Garantir Tyrant Tyran Wicket Guichet 13. Words derived immediately from the Celtic languages. English. Baby, babe Basket Bicker (fight) Clan Crowd (fiddle) Flannel Galore Haggis Kerne Original languages. Welsh, Baban Welsh, Basgawd Welsh, Bicre Scotch, Clan Welsh, Crwth Welsh, Gwlanen Welsh, Galore Scotch, Haggis Irish, Kerne English. Kilt Maud, maund Philibeg Pibroch Plaid B,eel (dance) Tartan Tory "Whisky Original languages. Scotch , Kilt Scotch, Maund Scotch, Feilbeg Scotch Scotch , Filleadh Scotch Scotch Irish Irish , Usquebaugh 14. Words derived from the Latin . English. Aberration Ablative Able Abstemious Abyss Accomplice Account, accompt Accurate Acquire Acrid Acumen Adapt Addict Adduce Adequate Adit Adjacent Admixture Advowson Agglomerate Agrarian Alacrity Aliquot Alligation Alliteration Altar Altitude Amanuensis Latin. Aberratio Ablativus Habilis Abstemius Abyssus Ad-complex Ad-computare Accuratus Acquirere Acris Acumen Adaptare Addicere Adducere Adaequatus Aditus Adjacens Admixtura Advocatio Agglomerare Agrarius Alacritas Aliquot ALligatio Ad-literatio Altare Altitudo Amanuensis English. Ammunition Anchor Ancillary Annular Anonymous Anthropophagous Apex Apostle Apothecary Aqueduct Arbour Arduous Area Ark Armament Ascend Asseveration Assume Astute Attemper Auction August Average Avert Aviary Benefaction Biennial Biped Latin. Ad-munitio Ancora Ancillarius Annularis Anonymus Anthropophagus Apex Apostolus Apothecarius Aquaeductus Arbor Arduus Area Area Armamenta Ascendere Asseveratio Assumere Astutus Attemperare Auctio Augustus Averagium Avertere Aviarium Benefactio Bie nnis Bipes KEY.—WHENCE HAVE YOU COME? KEY.—WHAT A NUMBER OF BOOKS YOU HAVE IN YOUR LIBRARY EX.—THEY SAT AND CONVERSED TOGETHER ALL THE EVENING. EX.-—HE IS NOT YET CAME. 56 & CDompeutrious Icnglisty (Grammar. English. Boreal Bound (limit) Camel Camphor Capital Censorious Census Chancellor Circumfluent Circumnavigate Close Code Coerce Cogent Cogitate Collapse Comet Commemorate Compel Complacent Compound Condone Conspicuous Crescent Curate Debenture Decennial Decompose Dedicate Delegate Delude Deodand Despise Desultory Detect Digress Diploma Dissociate Divide Drama Dubious Educe Ejaculate Elapse Elate Emancipation Emigrate Emporium Enumerate Epic Equable Era Ether Event 1 Expel ' Expend Extempore Extraneous Fair Falsify Feretory Fane Fate Fiat Flagitious Fluent Forensic Genius Genuine Genus Glacial Gland Gregarious Gust (taste) Halcyon Latin. Borealis Bunda Camelus Camphora Capital is Censor ius Census Cancellarius Circumfluens Circumnavigare Clausus Codex Coercere Cogens Cogitare Collapsus Cometa Commemorare Compellere Complacens Componere Condonare Conspicuus Crescens Curatus Debentur Decennis Decomponere Dedicare Delegare Deludere Deo dandum Despicere Desultorius Detegere Digredi Diploma Dissociare Dividere Drama Dubius Educere Eiaculare Elapsus Elatus Emancipatio Emigrare Emporium Enumerare Epicus JEquabilis iEra -Ether Eventus Expellere Expendere Ex tempore Extraneus Feria Falsificare Feretrum Fanum Fatum Fiat Flagitium Fluens Forensis Genius Genuiuus Genus Glacialis Gians Gregarius Gustus Halcyo ' English. Halo Hamper, hanaper Hero Hibernal Hirsute Hortatory Horticulture Hybrid Igneous Ignoramus Impel Improvidence Include Incumbent Index Indignant Inebriate Insane Interspersed Invidious Jejune Jovial Kalendar Lacteal Lambent Legacy Levity Lily Limbo Lobby Locomotive Locust Malefactor Manumit Manuscript Maudlin Mausoleum Meander Minatory Miser Mob Mosaic (work) Museum Mutable Mythology Nascent Nefarious Nictitate Nominal Normal Obloquy Obnoxious Obsolete Offer Ominous Optative Orchestra Pagan Pall (vestment) Paradise Parson Pauper Pen Pencil Perfunctorily Pertain Pervade Plague Plaudit Postpone Potent Predatory Prescribe Previous Produce f Latin. Halo Hanaperium Heros Hibemus Hirsutus Hortatorius Horti-cultura Hybrida Igneus Ignoramus Impellere Improvidentia Includere Incumbens Index Indignans Inebriare Insanus Interspersus Invidiosus Jejunus Jovialis Kalendaj Lactealis Lambent Legatum Le vitas Lilium Limbus Lobium Loco-motivus Locusta Malefactor Manu-mittere Manuscriptum Magdalena Mausoleum Meeander Minatorius Miser Mobile vulgus Musivum(opus) Museum Mutabilis Mythologia Nascens Nefarius Nictare Nominalis Normalis Obloquium Obnoxius Obsoletus Offerre Ominosus Optativus Orchestra Paganus Pallium Paradisus Persona Pauper Penna Penicillus Perfunctorie Pertinere Pervadere Plaga Plaudite Postponere Potens Praedatorius Pimscribere Pnevius Producere j KEY.—HE IS NOT YET COME. KEY.—THEY SAT AND CONVERSED ALL THE EVENING. HE PARTICIPATES IN THE FEELINGS OF EITHER OF HIS TITO FRIENDS. EX.—IT WAS HIM AND I WHO YOU SAW. & ©ompcntitous lEnglisf) Grammar. 57 English . Latin. English. Latin. Proficient Proficiens Sidereal Sidereus Provide Providere Spice Species Quadrant Quadrans Stellar Stellaris Quiescent Quiescens Strenuous Strenuus Quondam Quondam Sublunary Sublunaris Rabid Rabidus Subpoena Sub poena Radiate Radiare Suburb Suburbium Rate Ratus Succumb Succumbere Recede Recedere Supercilious Supercilium Recollect RecoKigere Supervene Supervenire Reiterate Re-iterare Tamper Temperare Repel Repellere Tenet Tenet Requiem Requiem Transfix Transfigere Revise Revidere Transmarine Transmarinus Rhythm Rhytlunus Tremendous Tremendus Satrap Satrapa Turbary Turbarium Sciolist Sciolus Vernacular Vernaculus Secure Securus Vestibule Vestibulum Series Series Viaticum Viaticum Sibilant Sibilans 15. Words derived directly from the Greek . English. Greek. English. Greek. Achromatic A-chromatikos Gymnasium Gumnasion Acme Akme Heptarchy Hept-arche Acronycal Acronuchos Hierogram Hiero-gramma Aeronaut Aero-nautes Hierophant Hieropiiantes ^Esthetic Aisthetikos Hygrometer Hugro-metron Amphibious Amphi-bios Hypercritical Huper-kritikos Analysis Analysis Ichthyology Ichthuo-logos Anathema Anathema Isochronal Iso-clironos Anthology Anthologia Mamma Mamma Antichrist Anti-Christos Mania Mania Apocalypse Apokalupsis Mechanism Mechanismos Apocrypha Apocrypha Microscope Micro-skope Archaeology Archaio-logos Mnemonics Mnemonike Astronomy Astro-nomia Monogram Mono-gramma Autograph Auto-graphe Mystic Mustikos Brachygrapliy Brachu-graphe Neology Neo-logos Bible Biblion Nomades Nomades Catastrophe Katastrophe Ophthalmia Ophthalmia Chord Chorde Orthoepy Orthoepeia Chronogram Chrono-gramma Palsy Paralysis Clinical Klinicos Panic Panikos Comma Komma Panoply Panoplia Cyclopaedia Kuklo-paideia Papa Pappas Demagogue Dem-agogos Paradigm Paradeigma Diagnosis Diagnosis Pathos Pathos Diagram Diagramma Pentecost Pentelcoste Dichotomy Dichotomia Phalanx Phalanx Didactic Didaktikos Phenomenon Phainomenon Dogma Dogma Pneumatic Pneumatikos Drachm Drachme Scheme Schema Dynamical Dunamilcos Schism Schisma Ecumenical Oikoumenikos Spleen Splen Entomology Entomo-logos Synchronism Sun-chronos , Ephemera Ep-hemera Tautology Tautologia Ethics Ethike Telegram Tele-gramme Ethnology Ethno-logos Telegraph Tele-graphe Exegetical Exegetikos Telescope Tele-skope Geology Ge-o-logos Triad Trias Graphic Graphikos 16. Words derived immediately from other European languages than those already noticed. Agio Ital. Agio Blunderbuss Du. Donderbusae Alligator Span. Lagarto Blush Du. Blosen Almond Span. Almonde Boom Du. Boom Armada Span. Armada Brocade Span. Brocado Balcony Ital. Baleone Buffalo Span. Buffalo Ballad Ital. Ballata Buffet (blow) Ital. Bulfetto Balustrade Ital. Balaustrata Bulwark Du. Bolwcrk< Beg Gcr. Begcren Bust Ital. Busto HEY.—IT WAS HE AND I WHOM YOU SAW. KEY.—HE PARTICIPATES IN THE FEELINGS OF EACH OF HIS TWO FRIEND8, EX.—A CONSIDERABLE PART OF THE MATERIALS 'WERE OBTAINED FROM THE VICINITY, EX.— -HE FOUND THERE A QUANTITY OF PEOPLE. 58 % ©ompcntitous lEnglisf) (Grammar. Cabbage Du. Xabuys Mulatto Span. Mulatto Cameo Ital. Cameo Mulberry Du. Muylbeere Canto Ital. Canto Nag Du. Negge Cargo ’ Span. Cargo Negro Span. Negro Caricature Ital. Caricatura Nuncio Ital. Noncio Casement Ital. Casamenta Opera Ital. Opera Cheroot Port. Pantaloon Ital. Pantalone Chime Ital. Chiamare Piazza Ital. Piazza Chitterling Oer. Kutteln Pig Du. Bigghe Cicerone Ital. Cicerone Plate (silver) Span. Plata Cigar Span. Cigarro Platina Span. Platina Cobweb Du. Kopwebbe Plunder Oer. Plunder Creole Span. Creole Port (wine) Port. Oporto Cupola Ital. Cupola Portico Ital. Portico Desperado Span. Desperado Punch (puppet) Ital. Pulchino Ditto Ital. Ditto Punctilio Span. Puntilla Don Span. Don Battle Du. Rattelen Duenna Span. Duenna Regatta Ital. Regatta Embargo Span. Embargo Renegade, runa- Flotilla Span. Flotilla gate Span. Renegado Folio Ital. Foglio Rod Du. Roede Furbelow Span. Falbala Schooner Du. Schoner Gala Span. Gala Scoop, scuppet Du. Schuppe Gape Du. Gaepen Seraglio Ital. Seraglio Gazette Ital. Gazetta Sherry Span. Xeres Ginger Ital. Gengero Sirocco Ital. Sirocco Gnash Du. Knasschen Skates Du. Schaetse Grandee Span. Grande Skipper (captain) Du. Schipper Grenade Span. Granada Smuggle Du. Smokkelen Grotto, Grot Ital. Grotta Snap Du. Snappen Heckle Du. Hekelen Snip Du. Snippen Hogshead Du. Ockshood Snuff Du. Snuffen Influenza Ital. Influenza Stanza Ital. Stanza Intaglio Ital. Intaglio Stiletto Ital. Stiletto Junket Ital. Giuncata Stilt Du. Stelten Junto Span. Junto Stucco Ital. Stucco Lake (colour) Ital. Lacca Tack Du. Tacken Lane Du. Laen Tallow Du. Talgh Lazaretto Ital. Lazaretto Terse Ital. Terso Lutestring (kind Tornado Spun. Tomada of silk) Ital. Lustrino Umbrella Ital. Ombrella Macaroni Ital. Macaroni Vista Ital. Vista Mandarin Port. Volcano Ital. Vulcano Manifesto Ital. Manifesto Wear (sea-term) Du. Wieren Mezzotint Ital. Mezzotinto Wedge Du. Wesghe Mosquito Span. Mosquito Yacht Du. Jaghte Motto Ital. Motto Zany Ital. Zane 17. Words derived immediately from other than European languages. English. Original language. English. Original language. Abba Syriac Curry Hindu Alcohol Arabic Dervise Persic Alembic Arabic Divan Turkish Alkali Arabic Dragoman Turkish Amen Hebrew Elixir Arabic Assassin Arabic Hallelujah Hebrew Assegai African Hammock Caribbean Bantam Malay Harem Turkish Bashaw, pasha Turkish Hosanna Hebrew Bazaar Persic Hurricane Caribbean Cabala Hebrew Janizary Turkish Caffre Turkish Jubilee Hebrew Calico Hindu Lac Hindu Carat Turkish Lama Peruvian Caravan Persic Lemon Turkish Caucus United States Lilac Persic Cherub Hebrew Maize Haytian Chintz Hindu Mammoth Siberian Chocolate Mexican Manna Hebrew Chouse Turkish Mattress Turkish Civet Oriental Messiah Hebrew Cocoa Mexican Minaret Turkish Coffee Turkish Mosque Turkish Cotton Turkish Muslin Hindu Crimson Arabic Nadir Arabic KEY.—HE FOUND THERE A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS. •A CONSIDERABLE PART OF THE MATERIALS WAS OBTAINED FROM THE VICINITY, EX.—OTHER. INDIVIDUALS DECLARED HIM TO BE A MOST DESERVING PARTY. EX.—YOU SHOULD ATTEND TO THE ABOVE RULES 'WITH DILIGENCE. % Compendious ?3ngUsI) (Grammar. 59 English. Nankin Original la?iguagc. English. Original language. Chinese Sofa Turkish Oasis Coptic Soy Chinese Potato West Didian Sparse (scattered) United States Punch (beverage) Hindu Steppe Tartar Rabbi Hebrew Sugar Turkish Razzia Turkish Sultan Turkish Rattan Malay Taboo Polynesian Sabbath Hebrew Talisman Arabic Sago Malay Tariff Turkish Sash Turkish Tattoo Polynesian Satin Chinese Tea Chinese Scimitar Turkish Tobacco West Indian Seraph Hebrew Toddy Hindu Shawl Persic Tomata Mexican Sherbet Persian Tulip Turkish Shibboleth Hebrew Turban Persian Shrub (beverage) Hindu Zebra African Simoom Turkish Zenith Arabic ILLUSTRATIONS or THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THE OTHER English. INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. Latin. Greek. Asiatic. Father Pater Pater Pitar, Sanscrit Mother Mater Meter Matar, San. Zend. Daughter Thiigater Dokhter, Pers. Bratar, San. Zd. Brother Frater (Phratria) Nose Lip Fire Star Nasus Labium Stella Pur Aster Stara, San. Light Luc-s Luk-e. Loc-, San. Night Noct-s Nukt-s Nakta, San. Day Die- Dyu ,San. Wind Mere Yentus Mare Mirah, San. Fish Worm Deer Piscis Yermis Fera Ther Owis ,San. Ewe Ovis Ois Mouse Mus Mus Musika, San. Midge Musca Muia Maksi, Zd. Know Co-gnosco Gignosko Eido Gna, San. Wit • Yideo Yid, San. Will Yolo Boulomai Stand Sto Histemi Sta, San. Flow Bear Fluo Fero Pherd Bar, San. Eat Edo Edo Ad, San. Draw Sow Traho Sero Su, San. Lick Lingo Leicho Lik, San. Strew Sterno Storennumi Star, San. Mix Misceo Mignumi Mis, San. Am Sum Eimi As mi, San. Is Est Esti Asti, Zd. Be Fu- Phuo Bu, San. Have Much, mickle Habeo Magnus Megas Mazo, Zd. Young Juvenis Juvan, San. New Novus Neos Navah, San. Red Rutilus Eruthros Rudira, San. Over Super Huper Upari, San. Three Tres Treis Tri, San. Seven Saptem Hepta Saptan, San. Me Me Me, erne Ma, San. Thou Tu Tu Turn, Zd. That i- Istud To Tat, San. KEY.—YOU SHOULD DILIGENTLY OBSERVE THE FOREGOING RULES. KEY.—OTHER PERSONS DECLARED HE WAS A MOST DESERVINQ MAN A TRULY GREAT MAN BORROWS NO LUSTRE FROM SPLENDID ANCESTRY. A GOOD MAXIM IS NEVER OUT OF SEASON. NEW AND ENLARGED DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, WITH MORAL MAXIMS, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. AAR ABL A TIIE first letter of the alphabet in il? almost all languages, has five differ¬ ent sounds: the broad sound, as all, wall ; the open, as father, rather; and the slen¬ der or close, as place, face; and two short sounds, as in ivhat, squat,; and cat, map. It is used, before words beginning with a consonant, far an (which signi¬ fies one), as a horse, a tree. And it re¬ presents the Saxon prefix in such words as asleep, a-going, a-building. [See Ab¬ breviations.') i Aaron'ic, Aaron'ical, a. relating to the priesthood of Aaron Aback', ad. (a sea tenn), backwards; back Ab'acus, s. (in Architecture), the upper member of a column, above its capital; an instrument for facilitating arith¬ metical computations Abaft', ad. (a sea term), towards the stem Aban'don, v. a. to resign; to forsake Abandoned, a. deserted; vicious, detest¬ able Aban'doner, s. a forsaker, one who leaves Abandoning, s. a leaving or forsaking Abandonment, s. the act of forsaking Aba'se, v. a. to humble, to bring low Aba'semcnt, s. state of being brought low Abash', v. a. to confuse, to make ashamed Abash'mcnt, s. shame or confusion Aba'table, a. capable of being abated Aba'te, v. a. to lessen; to lower in price; to put down—a. n. to decrease; to fail Aba'ted, a. lessened, destroyed [tion Aba'temcnt, s. act of lessening; extenua- Aba'ter, s. one who abates or cheapens Ab'attis, s. [Fr.], trees cut down, and so laid as to hinder attacks upon forts, &c. Abattoir', s. [Fr.], a slaughter-house A'o'ba, s. [Syr.], father Ab'bacy, s. office or rights of an abbot Abba'tial, Abbat'ical, a. relating to an ab¬ bey Ab'b4, s. [Fr.], abbot; tutor or instructor Ab'bcss, s. the superior of a nunnery Ab'bey, s. a convent or monastery under an abbot or abbess; a church Ab'bot, s. the superior of an abbey Affbotshm, «. the state of an abbot Abbreviate, v. a. to abridge, to shorten Abbreviation, s. the act of abridging, an abbreviated form Abbrevia'tor, s. one who shortens or abridges Abbre'viatory, a. calculated to shorten Abbreviature, *. a mark used for shorten¬ ing ; a compendium or abridgment A, B, C, [syneed.j the alphabet Abdicant, a. giving up, renouncing Abdicate, v. a. to resign or abandon Ab'dicated, a. renounced, abandoned Abdication, s. resignation ; act of giving Abdicative, a. implying abdication [up Abdomen, s. [Lat.], the lower part of the belly Abdom'inal, a. relating to the abdomen Abdu'cent, a. drawing or pulling back Abduct', v. a. to carry off forcibly and furtively Abduction, s. the act of drawing back; carrying off, kidnapping Abductor, s. one who kidnaps Abeccda'rian, s. a teacher of the alphabet Abed', ad. in bed, on the bed A'bel-tree, Abe'le, s. the white poplar Aberrance, Aberrancy, s. a deviation from the right way; an error, a mistake Aberrant, a. wandering from the right Aberration, s. the act of deviating [ way Abet', v. a. to aid, to encourage, to set on Abetter, Abettor, s. one who aids another Abetting, s. the act of encouraging or supporting Abey'ance, s. a state of suspension or ex¬ pectation Abhor', v. a. to detest, to loathe, to abomi¬ nate Abhortence, «. aversion, great hatred Abhortent, a. odious, contrary to Abhor'rently, ad. with abhorrence AbhorTer, s. a hater, detester Abidance, s. continuance Abide, v. n. to dweU; to persevere in— v. a. to await; to endure Abider, s. one who abides in 4 place Abiding, s. continuance; stay Abidingly, ad. in a manner to continue Abigail, s. a confidential waiting-woman Abil ities, s. pi. mental endoAvments Abil'ity, s. power, skill, capacity Al/ject, a. mean, base, vile, contemptible — s. one who is degraded Abject'edness, Abjec'tion, Ab'jectness, «. meanness of condition, servility, base¬ ness Ab'jectly ,ad. in an abj cct manner, meanly Abjura'tion, s. act of renouncing on oath* Abju'ratory, a. containing abjuration Abju're, v. to renounce or disown upon oath; to abandon; to retract, or recant Abju'rer, s. one who abjures Ab lative, a. taking from— s. the sixth case of nouns in Latin Abla'ze, ad. on fire A'ble, a. having power; skilful A'ble-bodied, a. strong of body, robust— (a sea-term), skilful as well as strong A'bleness, s. strength of mind or body Affluent, a. having the power of cleansing Ablu'tion, «. washing; religious purifica¬ tion A'bly, ad. with ability 80 A BITTER JEST IS THE POISON OF FRIENDSHIP. AMONG' THE BASE, MERIT BEGETS ENVY ; AMONG THE NOBLE, EMULATION. FEW BOOKS WELL CHOSEN ARE OF MORE USE THAN A GREAT LIBRARY. AFFECTED SIMPLICITY IS REFINED IMPOSTURE. < abn] ^ln (Margctt <£ngHsI) Dicttonarn. [aca Ab'negate, v. a. to deny, to renounce, reject Abnegation, s. denial, renunciation Abnor'mal, Abnorinous, a. not according to rulCj irregular Abnorimity, s. irregularity; deformity Abo'ard, ad. in or on board a ship Abo'de, s. a habitation, a dwelling-place Abo'ding, s. presentiment Abolish, v. a. to repeal, to make void Abol'ishable, a. that may be abolished Abol'isher, s. one who abolishes Abolition, s. the act of abolishing [ists Abolitionism, s. the principles of abolition- Aboli'tibnist, s. one who promotes aboli¬ tion, especially of sla’very Abom'inable, a. detestable, hateful; loath¬ some Abom'inableness,s. hatefulness,odiousness Abom'inably, ad. detestably; wickedly Abom'inate, v. a. to abhor, to detest Abomination, s. detestation; an object of detestation Aboriginal, a. primitive; pristine Aborigines, s. the first settlers or inhabit¬ ants of a country Abortion, s. miscarriage; untimely birth; anything which fails Abortive, a. untimely; premature; un¬ successful Abortively, ad. immaturely; untimely Aboitiveness, s. the state of being abortive Abound', v. n. to be or have in great plenty About', prep, around; near to ; engaged in Abov'e, prep, higher m place; superior to; beyond—ad. in a higher place; before Abov'eboard, ad. openly, fairly Above-cited, a. cited before Above-mentioned, a. mentioned before Abracadab'ra, s. a superstitious charm Abra'de, v. a. to waste by degrees; to rub Abraham'ic, a. pertaining to Abraham [off Abra'sion, s. the act of rubbing off Abreast', ad. close together, side by side Abrid'ge, v. a. to contract; to lessen ; to compress Abridg'er, s. one who abridges Abridg'ment, s. a compendium; diminu¬ tion; reduction Abro'ach, ad. in a state to yield the liquor contained; set abroad, or afloat Abroa'd, ad. without doors; in foreign countries; widely Ab'rogable, a. that may be abrogated Ab'rogate, v. a. to annul, abolish, repeal Abrogation, s. the act of annulling Abrupt', a. sudden; steep; unconnected Abruption, s. violent separation Abrupt'ly, ad. suddenly; without notice Abruptness, s. the state of being broken away; steepness; suddenness Ab'scess, s. a tumour containing purulent matter Ab'sciss, Abscis'sa, s. (in Mathematics), a part cut off from the diameter of a curve Abscond', v. n. to hide or absent one’s self Abscon'der, a. one who absconds Ab'sence, s. distance; inattention Ab'sent, a. not present; inattentive Absent', v. n. to keep away, to withdraw Absentee', s. one who is absent from Iris employment, station, or country Absentee'ism, s. the habit of living away from one’s country or possessions Absent'er, s. one whohbsents himself Absolute, a. complete; arbitrary ; uncon¬ ditional Absolutely, ad. unconditionally; posi¬ tively; entirely Absoluteness, s. independence, uncon¬ trolled authority or power Absolution, s. acquittal; remission of sins by a priest Absolutism, s. state or principles of ab¬ solute government Ab'solutist, s. one who upholds absolute government Absolutory, a. tending to absolve Absolv'atory, a. having power to absolve Absolve', v. a. to set free; to acquit; to Ahsolv'er, s. one who absolves [pardon Absorb', v. a. to suck um to swallow up Absorbability, s. capability of absorption Absorb'able, a. that may be imbibed Absorb'ed, a. wholly occupied, or taken up Absorb'ent, s. that which absorbs, or im¬ bibes— a. imbibing, drying up Absorp'tion, s. the process of imbibing or swallowing; entire occupation in any pursuit Absorp'tive, a. having power to imbibe Abstain', v. n. to forbear, to refrain from Abstain'er, s. one who abstains Abste'mious, a. temperate, abstinent, so¬ ber Abste'miously, ad. temperately, soberly Abste'miousness, s. sobriety, temperance Abstinence, s. a refraining from; temper¬ ance Abstinent, a. temperate, abstemious Abstinently, ad. temperately [abridge Abstract', v. a. to separate; to purloin; to Abstract, s. an abridgment, an epitome— a. separate; viewed apart Abstracted, a. separated; absent in mind Abstractedly, ad. simply; separately; ab¬ sently Abstracter, s. one who makes an abstract Abstraction, s. separation; absence of mind Abstractive, a. having power to abstract Abstractly, ad. absolutely; separately Ab'stractness, s. a separate state Abstru'se. a. hidden, obscure, difficult Abstru'sely, ad. obscurely, not plainly Abstru'seness, s. obscurity; difficulty Absurd', a. unreasonable; inconsistent Absurdity. Absurd'ness, s. unreasonable¬ ness; folly Absurdly, ad. unreasonably, foolishly Abund'ance, s. great plenty, exuberance Abund'ant, a. plentiful, exuberant Abund'antly, ad. in plenty; amply; fully Abu'se, v. a. to use iU; deceive; revile Abu'se, s. improper or ill use ; contumely Abu'scr, s. he that uses ill, or reviles Abu'sive, a. opprobrious; reviling Abusively, ad. rudely; reproachfully Abu'siveness, s. ill usage; reviling Abut', v. n. to border upon; to meet Abut'ment, s. that which abuts upon an¬ other object; the support of an arch Abut'tals, s.pl. the boundaries’of any land Abys'm, Abyss', s. a fathomless gulf or pit Abys'mal, a. belonging to an abyss Aca'cia, s. the name oi a tree; a drug Academ'ic, Aca'dem'ical, a. belonging to an academy Academically, ad. in an academic manner Academician, Acad'emist, s. a member of an academy Acad'emy, s. a school for the instruction of youth; the philosophical school of A DESIRE FOR ADMIRATION IS THE OFFSPRING OF VANITY. 61 KNOWLEDGE OF OUR DUTIES IS THE MOST USEFUL PART OF PHILOSOPHY, ABUNDANCE IS A TROUBLE, BUT COMPETENCY BRINGS DELIGHT A CHASTE EYE EXILES LICENTIOUS LOOKS. aca] 'fan lErtlargcti lEngltsf) Mctionarg. [acc Plato; a society of artist3 or men of science and letters Acanthus, s. (in Architecture), an orna¬ ment resembling the leaves of the acan¬ thus or bear’s foot Aca'rus, s. a tick, or mite Acatalec'tic, s. a verse which has the com¬ plete number of syllables Acce'de, v. «. to comply with; to agree to Accel'eratory, a. accelerating, progressive Accelerate, v. a. to quicken, to hasten Accelerated, a. quickened in velocity Acceleration, s. a quickening, hastening Accel'erative, a. increasing the velocity Ac'cent, s. stress laid on syllables and words in pronunciation ; a mark to di¬ rect the stress of the voice—(in Poetry), words or language Accent', v. a. to note or mark the accent Accent'ed, a. uttered or noted with ac¬ cents Accentor, s. (in Music), one that sings the leading part Accent'ual, a. relating to accent Accent'uate, v. a. to place the accents Accentuation, s. the placing of accents Accept', v. a. to receive, to take, to admit Acceptability, Accept'ableness, s. the qua¬ lity of being acceptable Acceptable, a. agreeable, welcome Acceptably, ad. in an acceptable manner Acceptance, s. reception with approba¬ tion ; the receiving of a bill of exchange, so as to agree to pay it when due; an ac¬ cepted bill of exchange Acceptation, s. kind reception; received meaning Accepter, s. a person who accepts Access', s. admission to a place or person; addition, increase A'ccessarily, ad. See Accessorily A'ccessary, a. See Accessory Accessible, a. that may be approached Accession, s. addition; the coming to a throne or dignity Accessional, a. additional Ac'cessorily, ad. as an accessory Ac'cessoriness, s. state of being accessory Ac'cessory, s. an abettor; not the principal — a. contributing; assisting Ac'cidence, s. a book, teaching the rudi¬ ments of a language Ac'cident, s. casualty; unforeseen event Accidental, a. casual, happening by chance; occasional; non-essential Accidentally, ad, casually, fortuitously Accident'alness, s. the quality of being casual Accip'itrine, a.”rapacious, like a hawk Acclaim', v. a. to applaud, to shout Acclaim', Acclama'tion, s. a shout of ap¬ plause; praise; exultation Acclam'atory, a. expressive of joy, or ap¬ plause Accli'mated, Accli'matized, a. inured to the climate Acclima'tion, Acclimatiza'tion, s. the pro¬ cess of becoming used to a climate Acclimatize, v, a. to habituate to a climate Accliv'ity, s. the ascent of a hill Accola'de, s. a ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood Accom'modate, v. a. to supply; to suit¬ er. suitable Accom'modated, a. adjusted, supplied Acconimodately, ad. suitably, fitly Accom'modating, a. disposed to comply with or oblige another Accommodation, s. reconciliation of a dis¬ agreement : provision of conveniences Accom'modafor, s. one who adjusts or obliges Accom'modative, a. furnishing accommo¬ dation Accom'panier, s. one who accompanies Accom'paniment, s. something added to another, by way of ornament or com¬ pleteness; (in Music), a part added to a principal part for the purpose of en¬ hancing its effect Accom'panist, s. one who takes the ac¬ companiment in a piece of music Accom'pany, v. a. to attend; to go with Accomplice, s. a partner or associate in a crime Accomplish, v. a. to complete; to perform, or effect Accomplishable, a. capable of execution Accomplished, a. completed; elegant Accom'plisher, s. he who accomplishes Accomplishment, s. full permrmance; elegant acquirement Accompt',Accompt'ant,s. See Account, &c. Accord', v. a. to adjust; unite; agree with; , to grant— s. compact; harmony; union Accordance, Accord'ancy, s. agreement Accord'ant, a. corresponding, agreeing Accordantly, ad. correspondingly Accord'er, s. one who assists According,prep, agreeing; suitable Accordingly, ad. agreeably; conformably Accor'dion,s. a small musical instrument, played with keys Accost', v. a. to address, to salute [bed Accou'chement, s. [Fr.], delivery in child- Accou'cheur, s. [Fr.], a man-midwife Account', v. a. to compute; answer for; to give an account— s. a computation; narration; dignity, rank Accountability, s. liability to give account Accountable, a. subject to an account Accountably, ad. in an accountable man¬ ner Account'ableness, s. the being'accountable Accountant, s. one who keeps accounts— a. being accountable to Accountantship, s. office of an accountant Account'-book, s. a book of accounts Accounting, s. act of adjusting accounts Accou'tre, v. a. to attire, topress, to furnish Accoutrements, s. pi. equipage; trappings Accredit, v.a. to give trust or confidence to Accres'cent, a. increasing Accretion, s. the act of growing to another Accretive,a.thatwhich bygrowth is added Accru'e, v. n. to arise from; to be added to Accum'bency, s. a leaning position Accum'bent, a. leaning, lying against Accumulate, v. a. to pile up, heap together Accumulation, s. a heaping up; a heap Accumulative, a. endued with the quality of collecting or increasing Accumulator, s. a gatherer together Ac'curacy, Ac'curateness, s. exactness Ac'curate, a. very exact; done with care Accurately, ad. ■without error; nicely Accui*'se, v. a. to doom to misery Accur'sed, a. doomed to misery; execra¬ ble ; disastrous Accu'sable, a. that may be censured; cul¬ pable Accu'sant, s. he who accuses another A CARELESSJWATCH INVITES A VIGILANT FOE, AVARICE GENERALLY MISCALCULATES, AND AS GENERALLY DECEIVES. A MAN HAD BETTER BE POISONED IN HIS BLOOD THAN IN HIS PRINCIPLES A WOUNDED REPUTATION IS SELDOM CURED. aco] an ISnlargett ISngltsI) Oictioimru. [ada~ Accusation, s. charge, impeachment Accusative, a. (in Grammar), the case of nouns which shows the immediate ob¬ ject of the verb Accu'satory, a. that which produces or contains an accusation Accu'se, v. a. to charge with a crime Accu'sed, s. one charged with a crime Accuser, s. one who prefers a complaint Accustom, v. a. to use oneself to anything Accus'tomary, &c. See Customary Accustomed, part. a. habituated, used Ace, s. a unit on cards or dice; a trifle A'cepoint, s. the side .of a die which has but one spot Acerb', a. acid,rough,bitter; severe Acerb'ate, v. a. See Exacerbate Acerb'ity, s. sourness ; severity Acer'vate, v. a. to heap together Aces'cence,Aces'cency,s. sourness, acidity Aces'cent, a. tending to sourness A'cetated, a. impregnated with acid Acetic, a. relating to the acid of vinegar Acetifica'tion, s. process of making vinegar Acetify, v. a. to convert into acid Acetim'eter, s. an instrument used for as¬ certaining the strength of acids Aceto'se,Acetous, a. having a sour quality Acetos'ity, s. the state of being sour Ache, 8. a continued pain— v. n. to be in Achievable, a. possible to be done [pain Achie've, v. a. to perform; to obtain Achievement, s. a deed; a performance; an escutcheon, or coat of arms Achie'ver, s. he who performs his inten¬ tions A'ching, s. a continued pain; uneasiness Achromatic, a. without colour; prevent¬ ing the appearance of colours Acic'ular, a. shaped like a small needle A'cid, a. sharp; biting— s. anything sour Acidification, s. process of making acid Acidify, v. a. to make acid Aeidim'eter, s. an instrument for ascer¬ taining the strength of acids Acidity, A'cidness, s. sharpness, sourness Aeid'ulate, v. a. to make sour Acid'ulated, a. made slightly acid Acid'ulous, a. sourish; of a pungent flavour Acknowledge, v. a. to confess as a fault Acknowledgment, s. concession; grati¬ tude ; recognizance Ac'me, s. [Gr.], the height or crisis of any¬ thing Acol'othist, Ac'olyte, Ac'olythe,s. a deacon in the Romish church Ac'onite, s. wolfsbane; poison A'com, s. the seed or fruit of the oak A'comed, a. furnished with acoms A'corus, s. the sweet-scented flag Acous'tic, a. that which relates to hearing Acous'tics, s. the science of sounds; medi¬ cines used to assist the hearing Acquaint', v. a. to inform; to make known Acquaintance, s. familiarity; an associate; a person with whom we are acquainted Acquainted, a. familiar; well known to Acquies'ce, v. n. to yield, submit, comply Acquiescence, Acquies'cency, s. compli¬ ance Acquiescent, a. easy; submitting Acqui'rable, a. that may be had or attained Acqui're, v. a. to get, to attain, to gain Acqui'rer, s. a gainer: one who collects Acquirement, s. an attainment Acquisition, s. acquirement, attainment Acquisitive, a. acquired, gamed Acquisitively, ad. noting acquirement Acquisitiveness, s. desire to obtain pos¬ session Acquit', v. a. to discharge; set free; absolve Acquittal, s. deliverance from an offence Acquittance, s. a release A'cre, s. 4840 square yards of land Ac'red, a. possessing acres of land' Ac'rid, a. having a hot biting taste; bitter Acridity, Ac'ridness, s. a hot biting taste Acrimo'nious.a. abounding with acrimony Acrimo'niously,ffrf.angrily; with acrimony Ac'rimony ? s. sharpness; severity of temper Acroamat'lc, Acroamat'ical, Acroat'ic, a. pertaining to deep learning; abstruse Ac'robats, s. professional performers of feats of strength and agility Acron'ycal, a. (in Astronomy), rising at sunset, or setting at sunrise Acrop'olis, s. the citadel of Athens; citadel Across', aa. athwart, laid over anything Acrostic, s. a kind of poem, in which the first letter of each lme forms a name— a. containing an acrostic Acros'tically, ad. as an acrostic Act, v. n. to do, to perform— v. a. to assume a character, as in a play— s. a deed, an exploit; a division of a play Act'mg, s. the act of performing Ac'tion, s. the state of motion; gesture in speaking; a deed; a battle; a law-suit Ac'tionable, a. liable to a process of law Ac'tionably, ad. in a way subject to an action Ac'tive, a. nimble, agile, quick, busy, operative Ac'tively, ad. nimbly, briskly, quickly Ac'tiveness, Activity, s. nimbleness Actor, s. one that performs; a stage-player Ac'tress, s. a female stage-player Ac'tual, a. real; certain; not speculative Actuality, Ac'tualness, s. real existence Actualize', v. a. to make actual #» Ac'tual ly, ad. in fact, in effect, really Ac'tuary, s. manager of an insurance office Actuate, v. a. to put into action; to move Actuate, Actuated, part. a. put into action Actuation, s. operation: change effected Acuity, s. sharpness at the point Aculeate, Acu'leated, a. having a point or sting Acu'men, s. [Lat.], quickness of intellect Acu'minate, v. a. to rise like a cone Acu'minated, a. ending in a sharp point Acumina'tion, s. termination in a sharp point Acu'te, a. sharp, keen, subtle, ingenious — s. an accent marked thus (') Acu'tely, ad. sharply, keenly, ingeniously Acu'teness, s. sharpness, subtleness Ad'age, s. a proverb; a common saying Ada'gial, a. proverbial, full of adages Ada'gio, s. [Ital.] (in Music), a term for slow time Ad'amant, s. a diamond; a loadstone Adaman'tine, a. made of adamant; hard Adam'ic, Adamical, a. belonging to Adam Ad'am’s-apple, s. a prominent part of the throat i Adapt', v. a. to fit, to suit, to proportion Adaptability, s. capability of adjustment Adapt'able, a. fitted, capable of adaptation Adapt'ableness, s. capability of bemg ad¬ apted ■ h Adaptation, s. the act or state of fitting A KNAVE DISCOVERED IS THE GREATEST FOOL, 6* A VIRTUOUS MIND IN A FAIR BODY IS LIKE A FINE PICTURE IN A GOOD LIGHT ACQUIRE HONESTY; SEEK HUMILITY; PRACTICE ECONOMY ;'LOVE FIDELITY. AFFLICTION IS THE WHOLESOME SOIL OF VIRTUE. ADA] %\\ Isrtlargetf lEnglis^ Dictionary. [adn Adays', ad. in the day-time. See Nowa¬ days. Add, v. a. to join to, increase, number up Adde'ciraate, v. a. to take or value tithes Adden'dum, *. [Lat.], addition or appendix to a work Ad'der, s. a poisonous serpent; a viper Ad'der’s-grass, s. the name of a plant Ad'der’s-tongue, s. the name of an herb Ad'der-stung, a. bitten by an adder Addibil'ity, s. possibility of being added Add'ible, a. that may be added Addict', v. a. to devote, to accustom Addict'edness, Addiction, s. the state or quality of being addicted Addit'ament, s. the thing added, addition Addi'tion, a. an adding; one of the primary processes in arithmetic, by which the sum of several quantities is ascertained Additional, a. added Additionally, ad. in addition Ad'ditive, o.'that may be added Ad'dle ; Ad'dled, a. barren, empty; usually applied to such eggs as are rotten— 1 \ a. to make addled Ad'dle-headed, Ad'dle-pated, a. weak, silly Address', v. a. to speak or apply to; to di¬ rect to; to prepare for any action—s. a petition; direction; mode of behaviour; dexterity Address'er, s. the person that addresses Address'es, s. pi. courtship Addu'ce, v. a. to bring forward; to allege Addu'cent, a. leading to, contracting Addu'cible, a. that may be brought for¬ ward Ad'eling, s. title given to the Saxon princes Adept', $. one well versed in an art— a. skilled, thoroughly versed Ad'equacv, Ad'equateness, s. equality Ad'equate, a. proportionate, equal to Adequately, ad. in exact proportion, duly Adfil'iate, Adfil'iation. See Affiliate, &c. Adhe're, v. ». to stick; to remain fixed Adhe'rence, Adhe'rency, s. fidelity; tena¬ city Adhe'rent, a. united with; sticking Adhe'rent, Adhe'rer, s. follower; partisan Adhe'rently, ad. in an adherent manner Adhe'sion,’*. act of sticking to something Adhe'sive, a. sticking ; tenacious Adhe'sively, ad. in an adhesive manner Adhe'siveriess, s. tenacity; viscosity Adhorta'tion, s. advice earnestly given Adhort'atory, a. advisory ; containing counsel Adiaph'orous, a. neutral, indifferent Adieu', ad. [Fr.] a word expressive of good wishes, used at parting with a friend, or in concluding a letter; farewell Ad'ipocere, s. a soft or waxy substance, into which the flesh of human beings and animals, under peculiar circum¬ stances, is converted Ad'ipose. Ad'ipous, a. fat, greasy Ad'it, s. (in nunes), a passage or entry Adja'cency, s. nearness Adja'cent, a. contiguous, near, adjoining — s. that which lies next another Adja'cently, ad. so as to adjoin Adject' ? v. a. to add to, to put to Ad'jective, s. a. (in Grammar), a word used attributively to'define or describe any subject, or as a predicate to express a quality Ad’jectively, ad. as an adjective Adjoin', v. a. to join or unite Adjoi'ning, part. a. being close to, near to Adjourn', v. a. to put off, to defer Adloum'ment, *. putting off to another day Adjud'ge, v. a. to decree, to pass sentence Adju'dicate, v. a. to determine by law Adjudication, Adjudgement, s. act of judg¬ ing Adjunct, s. something added to another— a. united with, joined to Adjuration, s. a form of administering an oath Adju're, v. a. to charge or command an oath, to conjure Adju'rer, s. one that adjures Adjust', v. a. to regulate; put in order; settle Adjust'er, s. he who places in due order Adjusting, Adjustment, i. act of regulat¬ ing Adju'tage, s. a tube fitted to an artificial fountain Ad'jutancy, s. the office of an adjutant ’ Adjutant, s. a military officer, whose duty is to assist the superior officers Admensura'tion, s. practice of measuring Admeas'ure, v. a. to measure by a standard Admeasurement, s. the act of measuring Admin'ister, v. a. to give, to supply; to perform the office of administrator Aaministe'rial, a. pertaining to adminis¬ tration, or the executive part of govern¬ ment Admin'istrable, a. capable of administra¬ tion Administration,'.*, the act of administer¬ ing ; the executive part of government Administrative, a. that administers, or by which one administers Administrator, a. vxasc. Administratrix, s.fem. one who manages the affairs of a person dying without a will Administratorship, a. office of adminis- trator Admirabil'ity, Ad'mirablenes3, s. the state or quality of being admirable Ad'mirable", a. to be admired; good, rare Ad'mirably, ad. wonderfully, excellently Ad'miral, a. chief commander of a fleet Ad'miralship, s. the office of an admiral Ad'miralty, s. the office for naval affairs Admiration, s. act of admiring; wonder Admi're, v. a. to be surprised at; to esteem Admi'rer, s. one that admires: a lover Admi'ringly, ad. with admiration [ble Admissibility, s. quality of being admissi- Admis'sible, a. that may be admitted Admis'sibly, ad. so as to be admitted Admis'sion, s. access; the state of being admitted; allowance of an argument Admit', c. a. to grant entrance; to allow Admittance, s. the act of admitting; per¬ mission to enter; entrance Admit'ter, s. one who admits Admix', v. a. to mingle or mix with Admix'ture, *. substance of bodies mixed Admon'ish, v. a. to reprove, caution Admon'isher, *. an adviser, a reprover Admonishment, s. admonition Admoni'tion, s. reproof, advice, counsel Admon'itive, a. that admonishes Admon'itively, ad. by admonition Admon'itor, s. See Monitor Admonitory, a. warning, admonishing Ad'noun, s. an adjective €4 ANGER AND HASTE HINDER GOOD COUNSEL. AGAINST FORTUNE, OPPOSE COURAGE; AGAINST PASSION, REASON A MAN THAT BR£AKS HIS WORD BIDS OTHERS BE FALSE TO HIM. A faithful friend is a strong defence ado] %vl lEnlargcU ISngltsf) IBkttonart). [aek Ado', s. trouble, confusion, bustle [youth Adoles'cence, Adoles'cency, s. prime of Adoles'cent, a. advancing to manhood Adopt', v. a. to take a son or daughter by choice, who was not so by birth; to em¬ brace any particular method or manner Adop'ted, a. taken as one’s own Adop'ter, s. he that makes the adoption Adop'tion, s. the making that our own which does not naturally belong to us Adop'tive, a. he Mho adopts, or that is adopted— s. the person or thing adopted Ado'rable, a. worthy of adoration; divine Ado'rableness, s. quality of exciting adora¬ tion Ado'rably, ad. in a manner to be adored Adora'tion, s. divine worship; homage Ado're, v. a. to worship; to honour highly Ado'rer, s. he that adores; a worshipper Adorn, v. a. to dress, decorate Adom'ment, Adom'ing, s. embellishment Adow'n, prep, down; towards the ground Adrift', ad. floating at random, at fault Adroit', a. active, skilful, dexterous; [ly Adroit'ly, ad. dexterously, nimbly, skilful- Adroit'ness, s. dexterity, skill, activity Adry', a. thirsty, desirous of drink Adsciti'tious, a. supplemental, added Adscript, s. a serf, or prcedial slave Adstric'tion, s. the act of binding together Adula'tion, s. high compliment, flattery Ad'ulator, s. a flatterer Ad'ulatory, a. flattering, highly compli- mental Ad'ulatress, s. a female flatterer Adult', s. a person arrived at maturity— a. grown up, arrived at the age of puberty Adul'terate, v. to lower in quality—a. tainted Adultera'tion, s. a state of being contami¬ nated ; mixture with some foreign body Adul'terant, s. that which adulterates Adul'terately, ad. in an adulterate manner Adul'terateness,s. state of being adulterate Adul'terer, s. a person guilty of adultery Adul'teress, s. a woman guilty of adultery Adul'terine, s. the child of an adulteress— a. spurious Adul'terous, a. guilty of adultery Adul'terously, ad. in an adulterous manner Adul'tery, s. violation of the marriage bed; uncliastity in general Adult'ness, s. the state of being adult Adum'brant.a. giving a slight resemblance Adum'brate, v. a. to shadow out faintly Adumbra'tion, s. a slight representatibn Adust', a. burnt up, scorched Adus'tion, s. act of burning, or drying Adva'nce, v. a. to bring forward; to im¬ prove ; to propose; to move onwards Adva'nce, s. progression; improvement Adva'nce guard, Adva'nced-guard, s. the vanguard Advancement, s. preferment; progression Adva'ncer, s. he that advances Advantage, a. superiority; benefit; gain —v. a. to improve; to promote Adva'ntageable, a. profitable Advantaged, a. possessed of advantages Advanta'geous, a. convenient; profitable Advanta'geously, ad._ conveniently, pro¬ fitably Advanta'geousness, s. usefulness, profit Ad'vent, s. (in the calendar), the season of four weeks before Christmas, when the coming of our Saviour is celebrated Adventitious, a. accidental, not natural, casual; additional Adventitiously, ad. accidentally Adven'ture, v. n. to try the chance; to dare— s. an accident; an enterprise Adven'turer, s. one who hazards a chance, or attempts extraordinary enterprises Adven'turesome, a. See Venturesome Adven'turous, a. courageous, daring, en¬ terprising Adven'turousness, s. quality of being ad¬ venturous Adven'turously, ad. boldly, hazardously Ad'verb, s. (in Grammar), a word which limits or modifies a condition, quality, or action Adver'bial, a. that relates to adverbs Adverbially, ad. in manner of an adverb Adversa'ria,s. [Lat.], a common-place book Ad'versary, s. an antagonist, enemy Adversative, a. (in Grammar), applied to conjunctions implying opposition Ad'verse, a. contrary • counteracting Adversely, ad. oppositely; unfortunately AdVerseness, s. opposition; misfortune Adversity, s. misery, calamity, affliction Advert', v. n. to attend to, to regard Advertence, Advertency, s. attention to Advertent, a.-attentive;' heedful Advertently, ad. in an attentive manner Adverti'se, v. a. to give public notice Advertisement, s. intelligence, informa¬ tion ; a notice given in a newspaper Adverti'ser, s. one who advertises [gence Advi'ce, s. counsel, instruction, intelli- Advi'sable, a. prudent, fit to be advised Advi'sableness, s. fitness: propriety Advi'sably, ad. with advice Advi'se, v. a. to counsel, to inform [ation Advi'sed.part. a. performed with deliber- Advi'sedly, ad. deliberately; prudently Advi'sedness, s. deliberate consideration Advi'ser, s. one M r ho advises; a counsellor Advi'sory, a. having power to advise Advocacy, s. the act of pleading; laM r -suit Ad'vocate, s. a pleader; an intercessor— v. a. to plead, to support, to defend Advocateship, s. duty of an advocate; as¬ sistance of a great person in a suit Advoca'tion, s. the office of pleading; plea Advowee', s. he that has right of advoM'son Advo w'son, s. right to present to a benefice Adz, Adze, s. an edged tool used by coopers TE'gis, s. the shield of Minerva; a shield JEo'lian, a. belonging to, or moved by, the wind JE'ra, s. See Era A'erate, v. a. to combineM ith carbonic acid Aera'tion, s. combination with carbonic acid Ae'rial, a. belonging to the air; high A'erie, s. a nest of hawks or birds of prey Aerificat'ion, s. the act of becoming or combining with air A'eriform, a. resembling air A'erifv, v. a. to combine air -with ’ A'erodvnamics, s. the science M r hich treats of the effects of air in motion Aerolo'gical,a. pertaining to aerology ’j A'erolite, s. a meteoric stone Aerol'ogist, s. one versed in aerology 1 Acrol'ogy, s. the science M'hich treats of the air Aer'onaut, s. one who sails in a balloon Aeronau'tic, a. sailing through the air, pertaining to ballooning . A FLATTERER IS A MOST DANGEROUS ENEMY F 65 A GOOD CAUSE MAKES A STOUT HEART AND A STRONG ARM. ADVERSITY WILLINGLY UNDERGONE IS THE GREATEST VIRTUE ABUNDANCE, LIKE WANT, RUINS MANY. aer] %\\ lEnlargett lEnglts!) Btctumarp. [aft Aeronau'tics, A'eronautism, s. the art of sailing through the air in a balloon Aerostat'ic, a. belonging to aerostation Aerostat'ics.s. the science of aerial navi¬ gation, or of maintaining bodies at rest in the air Aerosta'tion, a. the science of aerial na¬ vigation, and of weighing air JEsthe'tic, a. relating to taste or sentiment JEsthe'tics, s. pi. the science of the beauti¬ ful, or of taste JEs'tuary, s. See Estuary JE'ther, &c. See Ether, &c. [things jEtiol'ogy, a. the science of the causes of Afar 7 , ad. from a great distance, remotely Affabil'ity ,s. condescension ; courteousness Affable, a. easy of manners, benign ; mild Affableness, s. condescension ; civility Affably, ad. civilly, courteously Affair 7 , s. transaction, business, concern— pi. public or state business Affect 7 , v. a. to influence or act on; to i move; to aim at or assume Affecta'tion, s. an artificial show, a false pretence . „ Affect'ed, a. conceited; disposed; mflu- enced Affect 7 edly,a. a. to enlarge, to exalt Aggrandizement, s. augmentation, exalt¬ ation, advancement Ag'grandizer, s. he that aggrandizes Ag'gravate, v. a. to make worse; to ex¬ aggerate ; to provoke Aggravation, s. the act of making worse exaggerating, or exciting to anger Aggregate, a. formed by the collection of parts into one mass— s. the result or sum of many particulars— v. a. to add or heap together Ag'gregately, ad. collectively [collected Aggregation, s. the act or state of being Ag'gregative, a. taken together, collecting Ag'gregator.s. one who collects into a mass Aggress', v. a. to assault or injure first Aggres'sion, s. the first act of injury Aggres'sive, a. making the first attack Aggres'sor, *. one who first attacks Aggrie'vance,«. See Grievance Aggrie've, v. a. to injure, to harass Aggrie'ved, a. afflicted, injured Aggroup', v. a. to bring into one view Agha'st, a. struck with terror A'gile, a. nimble, ready, active A'gio, t. the difference in value between one sort of money and another A giotage, s. stockjobbing s ‘ th * at ma ? be P ut motion a '?i+ a f e, n W ' a ' t°.P ut in motion, to discuss 111 a Perturbed manner tbe act of taking anything- Perturbation of the mind sr to agitate demagogue A I ~ 7 ” ” —yjt luc IlfluS Agnate, s. a male relation by the father’s side-a. akin by the father’s side Agnat 1 C, a. relating to kindred by pa¬ ternal descent J 1 Agna'tion, 9 . relation on the father’s side alone A f^ntw a K ion ’ allusion of one word to another by sound; a surname Ago , ad. past, gone Agoci!>e o twelve syllables Ai'gebrat^th^cience of universal arith- Algebraic, Algebraical, a. pertaining to Algebraically, ad. by means of algebra Algebra'ist, s. one versed in algebra Al'eous, a. pertaining to or like sea-weed A'Iits ad. fLat.l, otherwise Alibi’s. TLat.], elsewhere ;in another place A lien, s. a foreigner; a stranger-., fo- reign, estranged, averse to , Alienability, * capability of bemg trans- A'lienable, a. that may be alienated, or A'lienatlf a. to transfer to another; to estrange, to misapply— a. estranged (8 K ROLLING STONE GATHERS NO MOsS. AFFECTATION OF WISDOM OFTEN TllEVENTS OUlt BECOMING M 1SE A FALSE-GROUNDED HOPE IS BUT A "WAKING MAN’S DREAM A PENNY SAVED IS T"WICE EARNED. ali] lEnlargctf lEngM) IHcttonarg. [all Aliena'tion, *. act of transferring; change of affection ; mental derangement Alienator, s. he who alienates or transfers Alienee', s. one to whom the title to pro¬ perty is transferred Ali'ght, v. n. to descend, to dismount Ali'ght, ad. lighted, on fire Ali'gn, v. a. to form, or lay out, by a line Alignment, s. regulation by a line, the line of adjustment Ali'ke, acl. with resemblance; equally Al'iment, s. nutriment, food, support Alimen'tal, a. nutritive; nourishing Alimen'tally, ad. to serve for nourishment Alimen'tariness, s. quality of being ali¬ mentary Alimen'tary, a. belonging to food Alimenta'tion, s. the power of affording aliment; the state of being nourished Alimen'tiveness,s. the source of the grati¬ fication of eating and drinking Al'imony, s. proportion of the husband’s estate allowed to the wife, upon the account of separation. Al'iquant, a. (in Arithmetic), that which does not measure another quantity exactly or without remainder Al'iquot, s. (in Arithmetic), that which does measure another quantity exactly Ali've, a. existing; active, sprightly, sus¬ ceptible Al'kahest, s. a supposed universal solvent Alkales'cent, a. slightly alkaline Al'kali, s. (in Chemistry), potash, soda, ammonia, and other substances having similar properties Alka'lify, v. a. to convert into an alkali; —n. to become an alkali Alkali'meter, a. an instrument for ascer¬ taining the strength, &c. of alkalies. Alkali'metry. a. the art of finding the strength of alkalies Al'kaline, a. having the quality of alkali Alkalin'ity, a.that which constitutes alkali Alkaliza'tion, a. impregnation with alkali Al'kalize, v. a. to render alkaline Al'kanet, a. the name of a plant Al'koran. See Koran All, a. the whole of—a. the whole number or quantity; every one—ad. wholly, com¬ pletely All-absor'bing. a. completely engrossing All-accom'plisned, a. elegantly and com¬ pletely educated Ana, Al'lah, a. the name of God amongst the Mohammedans Allay', v. a. to compose, to pacify Allay', s. See Alloy [allaying Allayer, s. that which has the power of All-bea'ring, a. producing all things All-behol'ding, a. seeing all things All-boun'teous, All-boun'tiful,a. of infinite bounty All-chee*'ring, a. cheering all, or at all times All-comman'ding, a. possessed of universal authority All-comply'ing, a. universally complaisant All-comprehen'sive, a. comprising all things All-concea'ling, a. hiding all things All-con'quering, a. subjugating all All-consu'ming, a. destroying all things All-destroying, a. that destroys every¬ thing All-devou'rlng, a. consuming all things All-direc'ting, a. guiding all"things All-discer'ning, a. that perceives all things Allegation, s. affirmation; plea Alleg'e, v. a. to declare, maintain, plead Alleg'er, s. one who alleges or affirms Alle'giance, s. duty of subjects to govern¬ ment Allegor'ic, Allegor'ical, a. not real; not literal Allegor'ically, ad. in an allegorical manner Allegor'icalness, s. quality of being alle¬ gorical Al'legorist, Al'legorizer, a. one who uses allegory Al'legcrize, t\ a. to turn into allegory— v. n. to use allegory Al'legory, a. (in Khetoric), a figurative manner of speech, in wffiich what is in¬ tended is communicated by means of something else, the parts of which are related to each other analogically to all parts Allegret'to, ad. (in Music), less quick than allegro Alle'gro, ad. (in Music), sprightly, quick Allelu'jah,s. See Hallelujah" AU-enli'ghtening, a. that illuminates everything All-essen'tial, a. quintessential Alle'viate, v. a. to ease, to soften Allevia'tion, s. that by which any pain is lessened, or any fault extenuated Alle'viative, a. palliative Alley, s. a narrow passage or walk All-foo'ls’-day, s. the first of April All-forgiv'ing, a. pardoning all offences, or offenders All-fou'rs, s. a game at cards—ad. on feet and hands All-glo'rious, a. supremely glorious All-goo'd, a. perfectly good All-gra cious, a. gi'acious to all All-ha'il, int. expressing joyful gratulation All-hal'lows, s. All Saints’ day All-hallowti'de, s. the end of October and beginning of November All-hon'oured, a. honoured by all [garlic Allia'cious, a. having the properties of Alli'ance, s. relation by marriage or kin¬ dred; a league with foreign powers Al'ligate, v. a. to tie or bind together Alliga'tion, the act of tying together—(in Arithmetic), a rule for finding the value of compounds Alligator, s a kind of crocodile All-impor'tant, a. of the highest concern All-infor'ming, a. vitally mfiuencing all things Allitera'tion, s. the beginning of two or more words with the same letter Allit'erative, a. beginning with the same letter All-ju'st. a. perfectly just All-ki'na, a. completely benevolent to all All-know'ing, a. possessing perfect know¬ ledge All-mer'ciful, a. of infinite compassion AU-obey'ing,a. giving complete obedience, or to all Alloca'tion, *. act of putting one thing to another Allocation, s. the act of speaking to an¬ other; a formal address by a general to Alloo', v.a. See Halloo [his army Allopa'thic, a. belonging to allopathy Allopa'thically, ad. according to the prin¬ ciples of Allopathy AT A GREAT BARGAIN PAUSE AWHILE. 69 ( A GOOD PAYMASTER IS LORD OF ANOTHER MAN’S PURSE A GOOD WORD FOR A BAD ONE, IS WORTH MUCH, AND COSTS LITTLE. A YOUNG MAN IDLE, AN OLD MAN NEEDY. ALL] ^in lEnlargett lEngllsi) Btctionarp. [alu Al'lopathy, s. the common medical system, as opposed to homoeopathy Allot', v. a. to parcel out; to distribute; grant >■ Allotment, s. the part allotted to any one Allow', v. a. to admit; to permit, yield, or grant; to abate in selling Allow'able, a. that may be permitted, law- Allow'ableness, s. lawfulness [ful Allowably, ad. with claim of allowance Allow'ance, 8. indulgence, sanction, li¬ cense; (in food, or expenditure), a de¬ duction ; a limited quantity allowed for eating or spending— v. a. to restrain or limit. Allow'er, s. one who allows Alloy', baser metal mixed in coinage; abatement, diminution— v. a. (in Coin¬ ing), to reduce the purity of a metal All-perfect, a. pei*fect in every respect All-pie'rcing, a. penetrating every thing All-pow'erful, a. almighty All-pres'ent, a. having all things present All-protecting, a. defending all, or against all All Saints’ day, s. the first of November All -search'ing, a. discovering everything All-see'ing, a. perceiving all things All'spice, s. Jamaica pepper or pimento All-suffi'ciency, s. the quality of being all- sufficient All-suffi'cient, a. never requiring company or cooperation AU-surround'ing, a. encompassing alii All-survey'ing, a. beholding all things All-sustain'ing, a. keeping all things in being Allu'de, v. a. to hint at, insinuate, refer to Allu're, v. a. to entice, to decoy, seduce Allu'rement, s. enticement, temptation Allu'rer, s. he that allures or entices Allu'ringly, ad. in an enticing manner Allu'ringness,s. attractiveness, seductive¬ ness Allu'sion, s. a reference, hint, implication Allu'sive, a. hinting at something Allu'sively, ad. in an allusive manner Allu'siveness,s. the quality of being allu¬ sive Allu'vial, a. deposited by running water Allu'vion, Allu'vium, s. earth deposited by running water All-wi'se, a. infinite in wisdom All-wo'rthy, a. infinite in desert Ally 7 , v. a. to unite by friendship or kindred — s. a friend, a confederate, a relation Al'magest, s. the name ot an ancient trea¬ tise of astronomy and geometry. Al'manac, s. an annual calendar Almi'ghtiness, s. omnipotence Almi'ghty, a. of unlimited power, omnipo¬ tent— s. the Divine Being; Goa Al'mond, s. the fruit of the almond-tree. See Tonsils Al'mond-oil, s. oil expressed from almonds Al'mond-tree, s.the tree yielding almonds Al'moner, s. an officer employed in the distribution of charity Al'monry ,s. the place where alms are given Almo'st, ad. nearly, near, well nigh Alms, s. anything given to the poor Alms'basket, Alms'chest, s. the basket or i box in which alms are put Alms'deed, s. an act of charity Alms'folk, 8.pi. persons who live on alms Alms'giver, s. one who gives alms Alms'giving, s. the giving of alms Alms'nouse, s. a free dwelling for the poor Alms'man, s. a man who lives upon alms AJ'nager, s. an officer formerly employed in the regulation of cloth manufactures Al'oe, s. a kind of succulent plant, grow¬ ing in the warmer parts of the earth, much used in medicme Al'oes, 8 .pi. the medicinal gum of the aloe Aloet'ic, Aloet'ical, a. consisting of aloes Aloft', ad. on high; in the air; above Alo'ne, a. without company, solitary Along', ad. at length; onward; forward Alongside, ad. by the side of Aloof, ad. at a distance; remotely Alou'd, ad. loudly, with much noise Alp, Alps, s. any lofty mountains.'. [See Gazetteer ] Alpac'a, s. a species of sheep found in South America, whose wool is of very fine quality; any cloth made of this wool Alpha, s. the first letter in the Greek al¬ phabet Al'phabet, s. the letters of any language— v. a. to arrange in alphabetical order Alphabetic, Alphabetical, a. in the order of the alphabet Alphabetically, ad. in alphabetical order Al'pine, a. relating to Alps; very high; growing on Alpine regions Alread'y, ad. now, at this time; so soon Al'so, a'd. likewise; in the same manner Alt. See Alto Al'tar, s. a construction of wood, stone, or earth, on which sacrifices were offered; the communion table; a church or temple Al'tarcloth, s. the cloth laid on the altar Al'tarpiece,s. a painting over the altar Al'tarwise, ad. in the manner of an altar Al'ter, v. to change, to reform, to vary Alterabil'ity, Al'terableness, s. suscepti¬ bility of alteration Al'terable, a. that may be altered Al'terably, ad. as may be altered Al'terant, a. that which produces a change Alteration, s. act of altering or changing Alterative, a. having a tendency to alter' Altercate, v. n. to -wrangle ; to contend with Altercation, s. debate, controversy, wrangle Altera'ate, a. by turns, one after another — s. what happens alternately—v. a. to perform alternately Alternately, ad. by turns Altem'ateness, s. state of being alternate Alternation, Altem'ity, s. reciprocal suc¬ cession Alternative,«. the choice given of one of two things—a. that may be chosen or not Alternatively, ad. so as to admit, the choice of one out of two Altera'ativeness, s. the being alternative Althou'gh, ad. notwithstanding, however Altitude, s. height; elevation above the horizon; excellence Altiv'olant, a. high-flying Al'to, a. [Ital.], high—s. (in vocal'Music). the counter-tenor part; (in instrumental Music), the tenor part Altogether, ad. completely, entirely Al'to-relie'vo, s. [Ital.], that kind of sculp¬ ture in which the figures project almost as much as if they were detached Al'um, s. mineral salt of an astringent taste TO A FRIEND IS NEVER KNOWN JTILL NEEDED. A PASSIONATE MAN RIDES A HORSE THAT RUNS AWAY WITH HIM A PRECIPITATE CHOICE MAKES "WAY FOR A LONG REPENTANCE. A FAITHFUL FRIEND IS THE MEDICINE OF LIFE. ALU] lEnlargetr ISngltsI) ©tcttonarp. [aim Ai umed, a. mixed with alum Alu'mina, Al'umine, s. the essential ele¬ ment of all kinds of clay Alumin'ium, $. the metal obtainable from all kinds of clay Al'umish, a. having the nature of alufh Al'umnus, s. [Lat.] a pupil or student Al'umwater, s. water impregnated with alum Al'um works, s. apparatus for making alum Al'veolar, Al'veolate, a. resembling honey¬ comb Al'way, Al'ways, ad. perpetually; con- Am, v. See Be [stantly Am'adou, s. German tinder Amain', ad. with vehemence, fiercely Amal'gam, s. a mixture of a metal .with quicksilver Amal'gamate, v. a. to make amalgam; to mix or unite Amalgamation, s. act of mixing metals with quicksilver; effecting a mixture f Amanuen'sis, s. one who writes what an¬ other dictates, or copies in writing Am'aranth, s. the name of a plant; an imaginary flower that never fades Amaranthine, a. unfading, never decay¬ ing Amaryllis, s. the asphodel, a lily-like plant Amass', v. a. to heap up Amat'eur, s. an unprofessional cultivator of the arts or sciences Am'ativeness, s. (in Phrenology), the pro¬ pensity to love Amato'rlal, Amato'rian, Amato'r ious, Am'- atory, a. relating to love Amato'rially, s. in a loving manner Ama'ze, v. a. to surprise, astonish, confuse — s. astonishment; confusion Ama'zedly, ad. confusedly, with amaze¬ ment Ama'zedness,«. astonishment [fear Ama'zement, s. wonder; apprehension; Ama'zing. a. wonderful, astonishing Ama'zingiy, ad. astonishingly, wonder¬ fully Am'azon, s. a warlike or courageous wo¬ man. [See the Classical Dictionary ] Amazo'nian, a. like an Amazon Amba'ges, s. [Lat.], circumlocution; indi¬ rect courses Amba'gious, a. circumlocutory; circuitous Ambassador, *. the representative of a prince or state in a foreign country; an envoy Ambassadress, s. the lady of an ambassador Ambassado'rial, a. pertaining to an am¬ bassador Arn'ber, s. a fossil yellow semi-transparent gum or resin— a. of the colour of amber —v. a. to scent with amber Am'bergris, s. an animal substance found in tropical seas, much used as a perfume Ambidexter, «. one who can use both hands alike; a double-dealing rogue Ambidexterity, Ambidex'trousness, s. ability to use both hands alike; double¬ dealing Ambidex'trous, a. using both hands alike; double-dealing Aminent, a. encompassing, surrounding Am'bigu, s. [Fr.] a medley of dishes set on together Ambiguity, s. obscurity of words; double meaning; uncertainty of signification Ambig'uous, o. equivocal, indeterminate Ambig'uously, ad. in a doubtful manner Ambig'uousness, s. uncertainty of mean¬ ing Am'bit, s. compass or circuit of anything Ambi'tion, s. desire of preferment, honour, or power; excessive eagerness in seek¬ ing honour Ambi'tious, a. aspiring, proud, vain Ambitiously, ad. in an ambitious manner Ambi'tiousness, s. the being ambitious Am'ble, v. a. to move easily, to pace, to trip— s. pace between a walk and a trot Am'bler, s. an ambling horse; a pacer Am'bling, a. moving easily; pacing trip¬ pingly l'blii with an ambling move- Am'biingly, ? ment Ambro'sia, s. (in Poetry), the food of the gods; anything delightful as food, or for scent Ambro'siac, Ambro'sial, a. possessing the qualities of ambrosia; fragrant, delicious Am’oro'sially, ad. as ambrosia Ambro'sian, a. introduced by St Ambrose Am'bry, s. an almonry; a cupboard Am'buiance, s. [Fr.], a movable military hospital Am'bulatory, s. a place for walking—a. not stationary Ambusca'de, s. a private post to surprise an enemy— v. a. to lie in wait for Am'bush, s. a concealed station to watch from—a. a. to place in ambush—a. n. to lie in wait Am'bushed, a. placed in ambush Am'bushment, s. an ambush Ameliorate, a. a. See Meliorate Amelioration, s. See Melioration A'men, ad. [Chald.], may it be so; verily Ame'nable, a. responsible, answerable to Ame'nably, ad. as amenable Amend', a. to reform, grow better, cor¬ rect Amend'atory, a. providing reparation, or correction Amen'de, s. [Fr.], reparation, withdrawal, Amend'er, s. a corrector [satisfaction Amend'ing, s. the act of correcting Amend'ment, s. reformation; a change for the better; recovery of health Amend's, s. pi. satisfaction; compensation Amen'ity, s. pleasantness of situation; suavity of manners Amerce, a. a. to punish by fine or penalty Amercement, Anier'ciament, t. a pecu¬ niary fine Amercer, s. one who sets a fine American, s. a native of America— a. per¬ taining to America, North or South Americanism, s. an idiom of the United States Americanize, a. a. to render American Am'ethyst, s. violet-coloured quartz Amethystine, a. resembling an amethyst Amiabil'ity, A'miableness, s. agreeable¬ ness, loveliness A'miable, a. lovely, pleasing, charming A'miably, ad. in an amiable manner Amian'thus, s. an incombustible mineral substance, somewhat resembling flax Am'icable, a. friendly, kind, obliging Am'icableness, s. friendliness; goodwill Am'icably, ad. in a friendly way Am'ice, s. a linen cloth worn round the neck and about the shoulders, under the alb, by Homan Catholic priests AMBITION IS TORMENT ENOUGH FOR AN ENEMY. 71 A BAT) MAN, WHATEVER HIS RANK, HAS A BLOT IN HIS ESCUTCHEON. A GUILTY CONSCIENCE NEEDS NO ACCUSER. ami] ISnlargctt lEngltsf) IBicttonarp. [ana Amid', Amidst', ad. in the middle, amongst Amid'ships, ad. (with seamen), in the middle of a ship’s length Amiss', ad. faultily, criminally Am'ity, s. friendship, love, harmony Ammo'nia, s. volatile alkali, or hartshorn Ammo'niac, Ammoni'acal, a. having the properties of ammonia Ammuni'tion, s. military stores, particu¬ larly powder, shot, &c. Ammuni'tion-bread, s. bread for armies Am'nesty, s. an act of general pardon Among', Amongst', prep, mingled with Am'orist, Amoro'so, s. [Ital.], a lover Am'orous, a. disposed to love, enamoured Am'orously, ad. lovingly, fondly, kindly Am'orousness, s. fondness; lovingness Amorphous, a. shapeless Amort', a. dull, heavy, dejected, spiritless Amou'nt, v. n. to come to in the whole— s. the sum total, whole result Amour', s. an affair of gallantry Amphib'ious, a. able to live in air or water, partaking of two natures Amphib'iousness, a. the quality of being amphibious Amphibol'ogy, a. (in'Rhetoric), discourse of doubtful meaning Amphis'cii, a. the inhabitants of the torrid zone, whose shadows fall half the year to the north, and half to the south Amphithe'atre, a. (among the ancient Ro¬ mans), a place for the exhibition of gla¬ diatorial shows, &c., surrounded by seats for spectators, rising one above another, arranged in an oval form Amphitheat'rical, o. pertaining to an am¬ phitheatre Arn'ple, a. large, wide, liberal, diffusive Am'pleness, s. largeness, extent, liberality Amplif'icate, v. a. to enlarge,to spread out Amplification, s. enlargement, extension Am'plifier, s. one who exaggerates Am'plify, v. a. to enlarge, to exaggerate Am'plitude, s. extent, largeness, capacity; (in Astronomy) an arch intercepted be¬ tween the east or west point of the horizon, and the point of the rising or setting of a heavenly body Am'ply, ad. largely, liberally, copiously Am'putate, v. a. to cut off, to prune Amputation, s. a cutting off or separation Am'ulet, s. anything worn as a charm against sickness or calamity Amulet'ic, a. belonging to an amulet Amu'se, v. a. to entertain, divert, deceive Amu'sement, s. diversion, entertainment Amu'ser, *. one who amuses Amu'sing. a. entertaining, pleasing Amu'singly, ad. in an amusing manner Amu'sive, a. having the power of amusing Amu'sively, ad. in an amusive manner Amyg'daline, a. resembling almonds An,art. (the full form, used before a vowel or h mute), one; some; any A'na, s. a collection of the apothegms of distinguished men Anabaptism, s. the doctrine of Anabaptists Anabaptist, s. one who holds that a person ought to be baptized again, if lie has not been baptized in a particular way Anabaptis'tical, a. relating to Anabaptists Anac'horet, Anac'liorite, s. See Anchorite Anach'ronism, s. the misplacing of events with regard to the order or state of their occurrence Anachronistic, a. containing an ana¬ chronism Anacolu'thon,Anaco'luth, s. Tin Grammar), want of connexion between the parts of a sentence Anacreontic, a. after the manner of Ana¬ creon Anadiplo'sis, s. (in Rhetoric), a repetition of words or phrases; reduplication Anaesthetic, a. producing insensibility to pain An'aglyph, a. a sculptured ornament Anaglyp'tic, a. sculptured in relief An'agram, s. transposition of the letters of words so as to form other words Anagrammat'ical, a. forming an anagram Anagrammat'ically, ad. like an anagram Anagram'matism, s. the art of making ana¬ grams Anagram'matist, s. composer of anagrams Anagram'matize, v. a. to make anagrams Analogical, a. used by way of analogy Analogically, ad. in an analogous manner Analo'gicalness, s. quality of being ana¬ logical Anal'ogism, s. (in Rhetoric), argument from analogy Anal'ogize, v. a. to explain by analogy Anal'ogous, a. resembling, having analogy Analogously, ad. in an analogous manner An'alogue, *. that which is analogous Anal'ogy, s. resemblance of relations Anal'ysis, s. separation of anything into its original parts or elements; outline of an argument or discourse An'alyst, s. one who analyzes Analyt'ic, Analytical, a. that analyzes Analytically, ad. in an analytic manner Analy'zable, a. that can be analyzed Analy'zableness, s. capability "of being analyzed An'alyze, v. a. to separate into parts or elements An'alyzer ? s. one who analyzes Anam'nesis, s. (in Rhetoric), that which calls to mind what has been omitted Anamne'stic, a. helpful to the memory Anamorphosis, s. a perspective drawing, which from all but one point of view presents a distorted view of the ob¬ ject Ana'nas. a. the pine-apple An'apest, a. (in Poetry;, a foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long Anape'stic, a. composed of anapests Amaph'ora, s. (in Rhetoric),the commence¬ ment of several clauses of a sentence, or verses of a poem, with the same word Anarichic, Anar'chical, a. confused ; with¬ out rule An'archist, s. one who foments anarchy An'arcliy, s. want of government; disor¬ der, confusion, chaos, tumult Anasta'tic, a. applied to a mode of print¬ ing from a plate of zinc, a facsimile of an engraving, &c. Anas'tomose, v. a. to inosculate; to unite Anas'trophe, s. (in Rhetoric and Gram¬ mar), inverted construction Anath'ema, *. excommunication, a solemn curse Anathernat'ical, a. related to an anathema Anathemat'ically, ad. in an anatliematical manner Anathematiza'tion, s. pronouncing an ana¬ thema ra A CLEAR CONSCIENCE FEARS NO ACCUSATION. AN HONEST EMPLOYMENT IS A MOST EXCELLENT PATRIMONY. A MAN 'WITHOUT MODESTY IS LOST TO ALL SENSE OF HONOUR AND VIRTUE, A GIFT LONG WAITED FOR IS SOLD, NOT GIVEN. ANA] 'Enlarged lEnglisf) JBictumarn. [ANN Anath'ematize.r. a. to pronounce accursed by ecclesiastical authority Anath'ematizer, a. he who anathematizes Anatom'ical, a. relating to anatomy Anatomically, ad. in an anatomical man¬ ner Anat'omist, s. one skilled in anatpmy Anat'omize, v. a. to dissect an animal Anat'omy,*. the art of dissecting animals; a skeleton, a very lean person An'cestor, s. a forefather, a predecessor Ances'tral, a. relating to or claimed from ancestors An'cestress, *. a female predecessor ] An'cestry, s. lineage, descent, birth An'chor, s. an iron instrument for prevent¬ ing a ship from driving before winds and currents; (in Architecture), the external end of a tie-beam— v. a. to drop the an¬ chor, to fix on An'chorable, a. fit for anchorage An'chorage, s. ground for anchoring in Aji'choret, An'chorite, s. a religious re¬ cluse, or hermit Anchore'tic, Anchore'tical, a. relating to the life of a hermit An'chor-ground, s. anchorage An'clior-smith, s. a maker of anchors Ancho'vy, 8 . a small sea-fish pickled An'cient, a. old, of old time, long since—s. the bearer of a flag, an ensign An'ciently, ad. formerly, in old times) An'cientness, *. antiquity An'cientry,*. dignity of birth,high lineage An'cients, t. pi. men who lived in old times Ancillary, a. subordinated cooperative Ancip'ital, a. doubtful An'cle. See Ankle And, covj. joining sentences and parts of sentences together Andan'te, ad. (in Music), moderately And'iron, s. an iron to support the ends of logs in a wood-fire, or the end of a spit An'ecdotal, Anecdot'ical, a. relating to anecdotes An'ecdote,*. a biographical incident An'ecdotist, *. one who relates anecdotes Anele, v. a. to give extreme unction Anemograph y, s. a description of the wind Anemol'ogy, s. the doctrine of winds Anem'one, Anem'ony ? s. the wind-flower Anemom'eter, s. an" instrument to mea¬ sure the strength or velocity of the wind Anera'oscope, s. a machine to show the changes of the wind Anent',prep. [Scot.], concerning; about Anew', ad. over again, repeatedly A'ngel, *. a spiritual being; a gold coin formerly current, worth iOs.— a. resem¬ bling angels, angelical Angel ic, Angel'ical, a. heavenly, like an Angel'ically, ad. like an angel [angel Angel'icalness, s. resemblance of angel3 A'ngellike, a. resembling an angel Angelol'atry, A'ngel worship, s. adoration of angels A'ngelworld,«. heaven An'ger, t. resentment, rage, displeasure— v. a. to provoke, to enrage A'ngered, A'ngred, a. provoked, made angry An'gerly, ad. in an angry manner, angrily An'gle, s. a point where two lines meet, a comer; a rod and line with a hook for fishing— v. a. to fish with an angle An'gler, s. he who fishes with an angle An'glican, a. English An'glicise, v. a. to convert into English An'glicism, s. an idiom or expression pe¬ culiar to the English language An'gling, s. the art of fishing with a rod Anglo-Ame'rican, a. relating to the Eng¬ lish settlers in America— s. an American of English ancestry Anglo-Da'ne, s. a Dane of England Anglo-Da'nish, a. relating to the Danish settlers in England Anglo-Nor'man, a. relating to the Norman settlers in England—*, a Norman of England Anglo-Sax'on, a. relating to the Saxons of England—s. a Saxon of England An'grily, ad. in an angry manner An'gry, a. provoked, enraged; inflamed An'guish, s. excessive pain of mind or body An'gular, a. having comers or angles Angularity, A'ngularness, s. quality of being angular An'gularly, ad. with angles or comers An'gulated, a. formed with angles Anhela'tion, s. the act of panting Ani'ghts, acl. frequently by night An'ile, a. doting, childish from old age Anil'ity, s. female dotage Animadversion, s. observation; reproof Animadvert', v. a. to consider, remark or criticise, to reprehend Animadvert'er, s. one who censures An'imal, s. a corporeal living creature—a. belonging to animals Animal'cular, Animal'culine, a. belonging to animalcules Animal'cule, s. a very small animal Animaliza'tion, s. conversion into animal matter or nature An'imalize, r. a. to convert into an animal A'nimal-ma'gnetism ; s. a species of nerv¬ ous influence, which one person, under particular conditions, can exert upon another An'imalness, s. the state of animal exist¬ ence An'imate, a. living, possessing life— v. a. to make alive, to cheer, to instigate An'imated, a. lively, brisk, vigorous An'imatingly, ad. so as to excite feeling Animation, s. the act of animating; the state of being animated An'imative, a. tending to animate An'imator, s. that which gives life Aniraos'ity, s. active hatred, or enmity An'ise-seed, s. the seed of a kind of pars ley; a cordial flavoured with it An'ker, s. a vessel containing ten wine gallons An'kle,*. the joint between the foot and leg An'kle-bone, s. the bone of the ankle An'nalist, s. a writer of annals An'nalize, v. a. to record An'nals, s. pi. historical events recorded year by year An'nats, s. pi. the first fruits of a benefice Anne'al, v. a. to temper glass, &c. by heat Anne'aled, a. tempered, made malleable Anne'aling, s. the art of tempering glass; the rendering malleable Annex', v. a. to subjoin, to connect with— i s. the thing subjoined or annexed Annexation, s. conjunction; addition Anni'hilable, a. which may be annihilated Anni'hilate, v. a. to bring to nothing A GOOD SERVANT MAKES A GOOD MASTER. 78 AVOID ALL LOW COMPANY—IN PARTS, IN MANNERS, AND IN MERIT it ¥ •ill IIMbi 7 A BLITHE HEART MAKES A BLOOMING VISAGE. 'gn lEnlargctr ISnglts^ ©ictfonarp. [ant Annihilation, 8. the act of bringing, or the state of being brought, to nothing Anniversary, a. that which returns yearly, or is commemorated yearly—a. annual An'notate, v. a. to make annotations Annotation, a. an explanation, a note Am'notator, a. a commentator, a critic Anno'tatory, a. containing comments Announ'ce, v. a. to publish, to declare Announ'cement, a. a declaration; a notice Announ'cer, a. a declarer; a proclaimer Annoy', v. a. to injure, to molest Annoy'ance. a. that which vexes or an¬ noys ; state of being annoyed Annoy'er, a. one who injures or molests Annoy'ing, a. troublesome, causing an¬ noy An'nual, a. that which comes once a year —a. a plant that lives but one year; a publication designed for the year An'nually, ad. year by year; yearly Annuitant, a. one who has an annuity Annu'ity, a. a yearly payment, allowance Annul', v. a. to abrogate, abolish, repeal An'nular,-a. having the form of a ring An'nularly, ad. in an annular manner An'nulary, a. in the form of rings An'nulate, An'nulated, a. furnished with rings or belts ; An'nulet, a. a little ring Annulling, a. the act of annulling An'nulose, a. made of rings Amnun'ciate, v. a. to relate, bring tiding3 Annun'ciator, 8. one who announces Annunciation, a. the angel’s salutation of the Virgin Mary An'odyne, a. mitigating pain, assuaging- a. any medicine that assftages pain Anoint', v. a. to pour oil over, to rub with oil, to consecrate Anoint'ed, a. the Messiah, our Lord Jesus Christ Anoint'er, a. one who anoints [anointed Anointing, Anoint'ment, a. the being Anom'alous, a. irregular, out of rule Amom'alously, ad. irregularly . [rule Anom'aly, s. irregularity; deviation' from Anon', ad. quickly, soon, shortly Anon'ymous, a. nameless; wanting a name Anon'ymously, ad. without a name Ano'ther, a. not the same; one more Anot'ta, a. a fine red colour, used to tinge cheese and butter An'swer, v. a. to reply to; resolve; suc¬ ceed— 8 . a reply, confutation, solution An'swerable, a. that to which a reply may be made; obliged to give an account An'swerableness, s. quality of being an- An'swerably, ad. suitably [swerable An'swerer, a. the person who answers Ant, a. an emmet, a pismire Anta'cid, a. correcting acidity Antag'onism, a. a contest Antag'onistj a. an opponent, an adversary Antagonistic, a. contending as an antag¬ onist Antagonize, v. a. to contend against Antal'gic, a. mitigating pain; anodyne Antanacla'sis, a. (in Rhetoric), the repeti¬ tion of a word in a different signification Antarctic, a. relating to the southern pole An'tbear, An'teater, a. an animal which eats ants An'teact, a. a former act Antece'dence, a. the act of going before Antecedent, a. going before, preceding— 8 . that which goes before; (in Grammar), the noun to which the relative.refers. Antecedently, ad. previously Anteces'sor, a. one who goes before another Antechamber, a. the chamber adjoining, or leading to, the chief apartments An'techapel, a. that part of the chapel through which is the passage to the choir Antecur'sor, a. one who runs before Antedate, v. a. to date before the time— a. anticipation Antedilu' vian, a.existing before the deluge —a. one who lived before the flood Antelope, a. an elegant genus of animals allied to the deer and the goat Antemerid'ian,a. before noon, morning Antemun'dane, a. before the world Anten'nae, a. the horns or feelers of insects Antenuptial, a. being before marriage Antepas'chal,a. before Easter An'tepast, a. anticipation ? foretaste Antepenult', Antepenultimate, a. the last syllable but two in a word Anteposi'tion, a. inversion; transposition Ante'rior, a. going before, previous, prior Anteriority, a. priority in time or situation Anteroom, a. a room serving as an en¬ trance to another An'them,a. vocal sacred music,to be sung by a choir in public worship Ant'hill. a. a little mound of earth raised by ants Antholo'gieal, a. relating to anthology Anthol'ogy, a. a collection of flowers or poems Anthracite, a.jin, unbituminous kind of coal Anthracitic, a. resembling anthracite Anthropog'raphy, a. a description of the human race Anthropol'ogist, i $. one versed in anthro¬ pology Anthropol'ogy, a. the scientific description of man Anthropomorphism, s. the ascription of human form, passions, &c. to the Deity Amthropomor'phist, a. one who ascribes human affections, &c. to the Deity Anthropomorphous, a. having resem¬ blance to man Anthropop'athy, a. human emotion Anthropophagi, a. pi. [Lat.], cannibals, men-eaters Anthropophagous, a. eating human flesh Anthropophagy, a. cannibalism An'tic, a. odd, whimsical— s. a buffoon; he who uses antics— v. a. to make antics Antichrist, a. the adversary of Christ Antichristian ? a. pertaining to antichrist Antichris'tianism, Antichnstian'ity, a. opposition to Christianity Antichristianize, v. a. to change into an opponent of Christianity Anticliron'ical, a. wrongly dated [date Antichron'ically, ad. erroneously as to Anticli'ronism, a. a deviation from the right order of time Anticipate, v. a. to be beforehand with ■ to expect Anticipation, a. prevention, preconcep¬ tion, expectation Antic'ipative, a. involving anticipation Anticipator, a. a forestaller Anticipatory, a. taking up before the time 74 ADD NOT TROUBLE TO THE GRIEF-WORN HEART. H P « < H - o P‘4 3 o V w o ft p o cfl w M ◄ 3 M H P O X o H P P Ph PM ◄ AN EVIL HEART CAN MAKE ANY DOCTRINE HERETICAL ASK THY PURSE WHAT THOU SHOULDST PAY. ant] 9ln lEnlargett lEnglis!) Bicttcmarr). [ant Anticli'max a. (in Rhetoric), the arrange¬ ment of thoughts, &c. m the inverse order of their gravity and dignity An'ticly, ad. drolly. with odd gestures Anticonstitu'tional, a. opposed to the spirit of the constitution Anticonstitu'tionalist, a. one opposed to the constitution Anticonta'gious, a. destroying contagion AnticonvuTsive, a. good against convul¬ sions An'tidotal, Antido'tical, a. that which counteracts poison Antido'tary, a. serving for a counterpoison An'tidote, a. a medicine to counteract poison Antido'tically, ad. as an antidote Antiepis'copal, a. adverse to episcopacy Antievangel'ical, a. contrary .to gospel doctrine Antifanat'ic, a. an enemy to fanatics Antifed'eral, a. opposed* to the constitu¬ tion of the United States Antifed'eralism, a. opposition to the fede¬ ral constitution AntifecVeralist, a. an opponent of the con¬ stitution Antilog'arithm, a. the number to a loga¬ rithm Antil'ogy, a. (in Rhetoric),contradiction in an author’s writings Antimeta'thesis,a. (in Rhetoric), an inver¬ sion of the parts of an antithesis Antimetab'ole, a. (in Rhetoric), the opposi¬ tion of one word or subject to another Antimet'rical, a. contrary to the rules of verse Antiministe'rial, a. opposed to the min¬ istry Antiministe'rialist, s. one who opposes the existing administration Antimonar'chical, a. against monarchy Antimonar'chist, s. an enemy to monarchy Antimo'nial, a. made of antimony Antimo'niated, a. prepared with anttmony An'timony. a. a white metal, extensively employed in medicine and the arts Antino'mian, a. one who holds that the moral law has no authority over him who believes the gospel—a. substitut¬ ing faith for practical morality Antino'mianism, a. tenets of Antinomians Antin'omy, a. a "contradiction between two laws, or in a law Antipaedobap'tist, a. one who is against infant baptism Antipa'pal, Antipapis'tical, a. opposing popery Antipar'allel, a. running in a contrary direction Antiparalyt'ic, a. good against palsy Antipathetic, Antipathetical,a. naturally contrary to; adverse Antip'athy, s. a natural aversion, or dis¬ like Antipatriot'iCj a. opposed to one’s country Antipestilen'tial, a. preventing infection An'tiphon, Antiph'ony, a. a hymn or chant sung in alternate parts AntipWnal, Antipho'nic, Antipho'nical, a. relating to the antiphony, or alternate singing Antiph'enary, a. a book containing anti¬ phonies, used by the Roman Catholics Antiph'rasis, a. the use of words in opposi¬ tion to their meaning Antiphras'tic, Antiphras'tical, a. belong¬ ing to antiplirasis Antiphras'tically, ad. in the manner of an antiphrasis Antip'odal, Antipo'dean, a. relating to the antipodes Antip'odes, s. pi. people who live on ex¬ actly the opposite part of the globe to us An'tipope, a. a usurper of the popedom Antiprelat'ical, a. adverse to prelacy An'tipriest, s. an enemy to priests Antipto'sis, s. (in Grammar), the substi¬ tution of one case for another Antipu'ritan, a. an opposer of puritans Antiqua'rian, a. pertaining to antiquity Antiqua'rianism, a. love of antiquities An'tiquary, a. one who studies antiquity An'tiquate, v. a. to make obsolete An'tiquated,«. old; obsolete; old-fashioned An'tiquatednesSjAn'tiquatenesSjAntiqua'- tion, a. the state of being old or obsolete Anti'que, a. ancient, old-fashioned, odd— a. a piece of antiquity, a relic Anti'quely, ad. in an ancient manner [ty Anti'queness, a. an appearance of antiqui- Anti'quity, s. old times; ancientness; the people of old times—(in pi.) relics, man¬ ners, customs, &c., of former times AntirevOi . v tionary, a. adverse to revolu¬ tions Antirevolu'tioilist, s. he who opposes re¬ volution Antisabbata'rian, a. one opposed to the Judaic observance of a sabbath Antisacerdo'tal, a. hostile to priests Antis'cii, a. pi. (in Geography), they who live on different sides of the equator Antiscrip'tural, a. opposed to, or not ac¬ cordant with, the Scriptures Antiscrip'turism, a. opposition to the Scriptures Antiscrip'turist, a. one who denies revela¬ tion Antisep'tic, s. medicine to prevent putre¬ faction—a. preventive of putrefaction Antisla'very, s. opposition to negro slavery — a. in opposition to negro slavery Antisocial, a. averse to society; misan¬ thropic Antis'trophe, a. the second stanza of an ode Antis'trophon, a. (in Grammar), a figure by which two words mutually depend¬ ent on each other are changed Antithesis, a. (in Rhetoric), opposition of words or sentences; contrast Antithetic, Antithetical, a. placed in con¬ trast Antithetically, ad. by way of antithesis Antitrinita'rian, a. one who .denies the Trinity Antitrinita'rianism, a. denial of theTrinity An'titype, a. the original represented by the type Antitypical, a. that which explains the Antityplcally, ad. as an antitype [type Ant'ler, a. a branch of a stag’s horn Antlered, a. furnished with antlers Antlike, a. like ants Antoe'ci, s. pi. (in Geography), they who live in the same longitude and latitude, but in different hemispheres Antonoma'sia, a. (in Rhetoric), the sub¬ stitution of a common name for a proper one, or the reverse Antonomas'tioally, ad. by way of antono- masia AS YOU SALUTE, YOU WILL BE SALUTED, 71 A GENTLE DISPOSITION IS LIKE AN UNRUFFLED STREAM. AN EVIL CONSCIENCE IS THE MOST TJNQUIET COMPANION. A LIBERTINE’S LIFE IS NOT A LIFE OF LIBERTY. anv] "an InlargeB lEngltsi) Dictionary_ [ AI ‘ r An'vil, s. an iron block, on which smiths hammer the iron they are working Anxi'ety, An'xiousness, «. perplexity; so¬ licitude about any future event; un¬ easiness , An'xious, a. solicitous, much concerned An'xiously, ad. in an anxious manner An'y, a. every, either, whosoever, some An'vwise, ad. in any manner A'orist, s. (in Grammar), a tense which expresses time indefinitely Aoris'tic, a. indefinite as to time Apa'ce, ad. quickly, speedily, with haste Apago'ge, s. (in Logic), demonstration by showing that the contrary is absurd Apago'gical, a. proving by apagoge Apart', ad. separately, privately Apart'ment, s. a part of a house, a room Apathet'ic, Apathet'ical, a. having no feeling . . . Ap'athy, s. a want of sensibility Ape, s. a kind of monkey, a mimic—r. a. to imitate ludicrously, to mimic Ape'ak, ad. in a posture to pierce; (among seamen), perpendicularly A'per, s. a ridiculous imitator, one who apes Ape'rient, Aperitive, a. having deobstru¬ ent properties Apert', a. open, without disguise Apert'ly, ad. openly Apert'ness, s. openness Ap'erture, s. an opening, a hole, a gap A'pery, s. the practice of absurd imitation A'pex, s. tip or angular point of a thing Aphte'resis, s. (in Grammar), the taking away a letter or syllable from the be¬ ginning of a word Aohe'lion, Aphe'lium, s. (in Astronomy), that point of a planet’s orbit which is most remote from the sun Aphilan'thropy, s. want of love to mankind A'phis, s. the plant-louse Aphlogis'tic, a. without flame Aph'orism, s. maxim, precept, general rule Aph'orist, s. a dealer m aphorisms Aphoris'tic, Aphoris'tical, a. in separate and unconnected sentences Aphoris'tically, nrf. in form of,an aphorism Aph'thong, s. (in Grammar), a letter which is not sounded A'piary, $. a place where bees are kept Apie'ce, ad. to each one a share, separately A'pish, a. foppish, silly, insignificant A'pishly, ad. in an apish manner A'pishness, s. mimicry, foppery Apoc'alypse, s. the book in the New Testa¬ ment commonly called the Revelation Apocalyp'tic, Apocalyp'tical, a. concern¬ ing revelation, or the Apocalypse Apocalyp'tically, ad. in the manner of a revelation, or the Apocalypse Apo'copate, v. a. to cut off the end of a word Apo'copated, a. shortened by apocope Apo'cope, s. (in Grammar), the cutting off the last syllable or letter of a word Apoc'rypha, s. the uncanonical books of the Old Testament Apoc'ryphal, a. not canonical; fictitious Apoc'ryphally, ad. doubtfully Apoc'ryphalness, s. uncanonicity; want of authenticity Apod'osis, s. (in Grammar), the principal sentence, as distinguished from a con¬ ditional accessory sentence Ap'ogee, a. (in Astronomy), that point in the moon’s orbit which is at the great¬ est distance from the earth Apologetic, Apologet'ical, a. excusing, de¬ fending Apologetically, ad. by way of apology Apol'ogist, Apologi'zer, s. one who apolo¬ gizes Apol'ogize, v. a. to plead for, to excuse Ap'ologue, s. a moral tale, a fable Apol'ogy, s. a defence, an excuse Apoph'asis, s. (in Rhetoric), the waiving of what one would plainly insinuate Ap'ophthegm, s. See Apothegm Apophthegmat'ic, a. See Apothegm&tic Apoplectic, Apoplec'tical, a. relating or subject to apoplexy Ap'oplexy, s. a sudden suspension of the functions of the brain and nerves Apo'ria, s. (in Rhetoric), the doubting where to begin or what to say Aposiope'sis, s. (in Rhetoric), suppression or silence, as from love, fear, or any violent emotion Apos'tasy, s. desertion or abandonment of one’s faith; dereliction Apos'tate,s.one who renounces his religion or deserts his party— a. false, traitorous Apostat'ical, a. like an apostate Apos'tatize, v. a. to abandon one’s religion Apos'tle, s. one commissioned by oar Lord to preach the gospel; one who first preaches the gospel to any nation Apos'tleship, Apos'tolate, s. the mission or office of an apostle Apostol'ic, Apostol'ical, a. delivered by or resembling the apostles Apostol'ically, ad, like the apostles [tolic Apostol'icalness, s. quality of being apos- Apos'trophe, s. (in Grammar), a comma marking a contraction or omission ;— (in Rhetoric), a sudden personal address Apostroph'ic, a. denoting an apostrophe Apos'trophize, v. a. to address by apos¬ trophe ; to mark with an apostrophe Apotn'ecary, s. a person who prepares medicines for sale Ap'othegm, Apothegmat'ic, Ap'ophthegm, s. a remarkable saying; a valuable maxim Apothegmat'ical, a. like an apothegm Apotheg'matist, s. collector of apothegms Apotheg'matize, v. a, to utter remarkable savings Apotbe'osis, s. deification, consecration Appall, v. a. to fright, to daunt, to terrify Appallingly, ad. so as to appall Appallment, s. impression of fear Ap'panage, s. territorial provision for a sovereign’s younger sons Appara'tus, s. tools; furniture; equipage Appar'el, s. dress, clothing, vestments— v. a. to dress, to deck, to cover Appa'rent, a. plain, evident, certain Apoa'rentlv, ad. evidently, visibly, openly Aopari'tion, s. appearance; a spectre Apparitor, *. an inferior officer of the ec¬ clesiastical courts Appe'al, s. reference to another tribunal— v. a. to refer to another as judge Appe'alable, a. subject to an appeal Appe'aler, s. one who makes an appeal Appe'ar, t?. a. to become visible Appe'arance, act of appearing; show Appe'arer, s. the person w ho appears Appe'aring, s. the act of appearing Appe'asable, a. reconcilable Appe'ase, v. a. to pacify, to reconcile 78 A GREAT FORTUNE IS A GREAT SLAVERY. A SMART REPROOF IS BETTER THAN SMOOTH DECEIT. FAULT IS MADE WORSE BY ENDEAVOURING TO CONCEAL IT. AFFECTATION IS AT BEST A DEFORMITY. —— --— -—-.- Arp] Qn IMargetf lEn<sI) IBicttonarn. [aqu Appe'aseableness, s. reconcilableness Appe'aser, s. he who pacifies others Appe'asive, a. that mitigates or appeases Appei'lant, s. an appealer, or challenger Appel'late, a. having cognizance of appeals Appellation, s. a name, title, term Appellative, s. a common name—a. be¬ longing to a common name Appel'latively, ad. like a common name Appel'latory, a. containing an appeal Appellee', s. one who is appealed against Appellor', s. a prosecutor; an appellant Append', v. a. to hang or join to, to add to Appen'dage, s. something added Appen'dancy, s. a thing annexed Appen'dant, a. appending, belonging to— s. that which appends Appendix, s. addition made , supplement Apperception, s. (in Metaphysics), source of consciousness Appertain', v. n. to belong, to relate to Appertain'ment, s. that which belongs Ap'petence, Ap'petency, s. strong sensual Ap'petent, a. strongly desirous [desire Ap'petite, s. desire, longing, hunger Appetitive, a. that which desires Ap'petizing, a. provocative of appetite Applau'd, v. a. to praise, or commend by applause Applau'der, s. one who applauds Applau'se, s. approbation expressed by acclamation, &c. Ap'ple, s. a common fruit; the pupil of the eye Ap'ple-pie, Ap'ple-tart, s. a pie made of apples Ap'ple-sauce, s. sauce made of apples Apple-tree, s. a tree producing apples Ap'ple-woman, s. a woman who sells apples Ap'ple-yard, s. an apple-orchard Appli'ance, s. the act of applying , what is oi can be applied Applicability, Ap'plicableness, s. fitness to be applied Applicable, o. suitable, proper; that may be applied Ap'plicably, ad. so as to be applied] Applicant, s. one who applies Application, s. the act of applying, study Applicatory, a. that applies Appli'er, s. one that applies Apply', v. a. to put near to; to study; to address— v. n. to fit or pertain to Appoggiatu'ra, s. [Ital.] (in Music), a small note to indicate an embellishment Appoint', v. a. to determine, settle, equip Appoint'able, a. that may be appointed Appointed, a. settled, agreed on, chosen Appointee', s. a person appointed Appoint'er, 4. one who appoints Appointment, s. designation, direction, situation, equipment Apportion, v. a. to divide into just parts Apportioned s. a limiter; a bounder Apportionment, s. a dividing into just parts Ap'posite, a. suitable, fit, well adapted to Appositely, ad. suitably, fitly, timely Ap'positeness, s. fitness; suitableness Apposition, s. (in Grammar), the addition of a substantive attributively to an¬ other substantive Apprai'se, v. a. to estimate the worth of Apprai'sement, s. the act of valuing Appraiser, s. one who values or appraises Appreciable, a. capable of being estimated Appreciate, v. a. to estimate, to value Appreciation, s. estimation, valuation Apprehend', v. a. to seize, perceive, fear Apprehen'der, s. one who captures; one who perceives; one who fears Apprehensible, a. which may be appre¬ hended Apprehen'sion, s. seizure, perception, fear Apprehen'sive, a. fearful Apprehensively, ad. in an apprehensive manner Apprehen'sivcness, s. fearfulness Apprentice, s. one bound to a master to learn a trade— v. a. to bind to, or put under a master Apprenticeship, s. term for an apprentice Appri'ze, v. a. to inform, acquaint Appro'ach, s. the act of drawing near to— v. to draw or go near to Appro'achable, a. accessible Appro'achableness, s. condition of being approachable Appro'acher, s. he who approaches Ap'probate, v. n. to approve Approbation, s. approval, liking, sanction Ap'probative, a. approving Appropriable, a. what may be appro¬ priated Appropriate, v. a. to assign to any parti¬ cular use ; to take as one’s own— a. pe¬ culiar; suitable Appropriately, ad. fitly, suitably Appropriateness, s. peculiar fitness Appropriation, s. the allotting to a parti¬ cular use or purpose; the taking as one’s own Appro'priator, s. one possessed of an ap¬ propriated benefice Appro'vable, a. worthy of approbation Appro'val, Appro'vement, s. approbation Appro've, v. a. to like, to favour Appro'ved, a. liked, examined, tried Appro'vingly, ad. in the way of approba¬ tion Approx'imate, a. near to— v. to come near Approximation, s. approach to anything Approx'imative, a. that approaches Appul'se, Appul'sion, s. the act of striking against Appurtenance, s. that which appertains Appurtenant, a. pertaining to, of right Apricot, s. a wall-fruit of the plum kind April, s. the fourth month of the year Aprilfoo'l, s. one who allows himself to be hoaxed on the first of April Apron, s. a part of dress worn in front, below the waist, to keep the clothes clean Aproned, a. wearing an apron [purpose Apropo's, ad. [Fr.], opportunely; to the Apt, a. fit, ready, quick,qualified, inclined Aptitude, s. fitness, tendency, disposition Apt'ly, ad. properly, justly, readily, acutely Apt'ness, s. quickness of conception; fit- Aqua-for'tis, s. nitric acid [ness Aqua-mari'ne, s. a kind of beryl Aqua-re'gia, s. nitro-muriatic acid Aqua'rium, Aquaviva'rium, ». [Lat.], a tank for keeping aquatic animals and plants in Aqua'rius, s. the eleventh sign in the Zodiac Aquat'ic, Aquat'ical, or Aq'uatile, a. that inhabits the water A SOFT ANSWER TURNETH AWAY WRATH. 77 ATTEMPT NOT TOO HASTILY NOR PURSUE TOO EAGERLY, ACTIONS MEASURED BY TIME SELDOM PROVE BETTER BY REPENTANCE. APPLAUSE AND PREFERENCE ARE THINGS OF BARTER. aqu] 'gn lEnlargetr lEngltsf) Btctumarp. [arg Aquatin'ta, «. a method of engraving on copper Aqua-vi'tce, 8. spirits of wine; brandy A'queduct, s. conduit for conveying water A'queous, a. watery, like water, thin A'queousness, s. wateriness Aq'uiline, a. resembling an eagle, or an eagle’s beak Ar'ab, Arabian, s. a native of Arabia Ar'abesque, s. fanciful ornamental foliage Ara'bian, a. pertaining to Arabia Ar'abic, s. the language of the Arabians— a. relating to Arabia Ar'abist, s one skilled in Arabic literature Arable, a. fit for tillage, tilled Ar'balist, s. a crossbow Ar'balister, s. a crossbow-man Arbiter, s..[Lat.], an arbitrator Arbitrable’, ad. arbitrary, determinable Arbitral, a. belonging to arbitration Arbitrament, Arbit'rement, s. decision, will, choice Arbitrarily, ad. absolutely, without con trol Arbitrariness, s. tyranny, despotism ^ Arbitrary, a. absolute, despotic, unlimited Arbitrate, v. a. to decide, judge, determine Arbitration, s. termination of a dispute by persons chosen by the disputants Arbitrator, s. a person chosen by disput¬ ants to decide between them; an um¬ pire; a judge Ar'bitress, s. a female arbiter Arbor, s. a spindle, an axis Arbo'reous, a. belonging to trees Arbores'cence, Arborization, s. resem¬ blance to a tree Arbores'cent, a. growing like a tree Arboretum, s. [Lat.], a place where trees and shrubs are cultivated Arboriculture, s. the cultivation of trees and shrubs Arboriform, a. like a tree [a tree Arborize, v. to assume the appearance of Arbour, s.a seat shadedwith trees, a bower Ar'bute, s. the strawberry tree Arc, Arch, s. part of a circle; the sky Arca'de, s. a continuation of arches Arca'num, s. [Lat.], a secret Arch, a. chief; mirthful, waggish, lively —v. a. to build or cover with arches, to form into an arch Archaeological, a. relating to discourse on antiquity Archaeologist, s. one versed in antiquity Archaeol'ogy, s. the study or knowledge of antiquities; antiquities Archa'ic, Archa'ical, a. relating to an¬ tiquity Archaism, s. an antique word or phrase Arclian'gel, s. a chief angel; a plant Archangel'ic, Archangel'ical, a. belonging to archangels Archapos'tate, s. a leader of apostates Archapos'tle, s. chief apostle Archbishop, s. the principal of the bishops Archbishopric, s. the state of an. arch¬ bishop! Archde'acon,«. a dignitary of the church next below the bishop Archde'aconry, Archde'aconship, s.- the office or jurisdiction of an archdeacon Archdu'cal, a. belonging to an archduke Archduchess, s. the wife of an archduke Archduchy, s. the territory of an arch¬ duke Archdu'ke, s. a sovereign prince, grand duke Arched, a. vaulted, formed like an arch Arch-en'emy, s. a chief enemy Ar'cher, s. one who uses a bow Ar'cheress, s. a female archer Ar'chery, «. the use of the bow and arrow Ar'ches-court, s. the principal ecclesiasti¬ cal court in the province of Canterbury Archetypal, a. belonging to or being an archetype Archetype, s. the original pattern, model Arch-fie'nd, s. the chief of fiends Arch-her'etic ? s. a chief heretic Arch-hyp'ocnte, s. a great hypocrite Arehidiac'onal, a. belonging to an arch¬ deacon Archiepis'copacy, s. state, dignity, and office of an archbishop Archiepis'copal, a. belonging to an arch¬ bishop Archil, s. a lichen which yields a rich purple colour Archimede'an, a. invented by Archimedes Ar'ching, ad. bent like an arch Archipel'ago, s. a group of small islands Architect, s. a professor of building, a constructor Architectonic, Architecton'ical, a. having skill in architecture Architectonics, s. the science of archi¬ tecture Architectural, a. relating to architecture Architecture, s. the science of building Architrave, 8 . the main beam of a build¬ ing ; ornamental part of a pillar Ar'chives, s. records; a place for records Archivist, s. a keeper of archives Arch'like, a. built like an arch Arch'ly, ad. jocosely, wittily Arch'ness, s. shrewdness; sly humour Arch-philos'opher, s. chief philosopher Arch-po'et, s. the chief poet [tician Arch-politi'cian, s. a transcendent poli- Arch-pon'tiff, s. the supreme pontiff Arch-prel'ate, s. a leading or chief prelate Arch-pres'byter, s. a chief presbyter Arch-proph'et, s. chief prophet Arch-trai'tor, s. any distinguished traitor Arch-ty'rant, s. the principal tyrant Arch-viliany, s. extraordinary villany Arc'll way, s. an arched entrance or passage Arch'wise, ad. in the form of an arch Arc'tic, a. northern, towards the north Ar'cuate, r. a. to bend like an arch * Arcua'tion, s. an arching, an incurvation Ar'cubalist, s. See Arbalist Ar'dency, s. eagerness, zeal Ar'dent, a. zealous, affectionate; fierce Ardently, ad. eagerly, affectionately Ar'dour, $. warmth, affection, zeal, fer¬ vency Arduous, a. difficult, laborious Arduously, ad. with difficulty Ar'duousness, s. height, difficulty! A'rea, s. a superficies; an open surface _ Are'na, s. the space for combats of gladi¬ ators ; any field for contest or effort Arena'ceous, a. sandy, full of sand Areom'eter, s. an instrument to measure the specific gravity of any liquid Areomet'rical, a. pertaining to areometry Areom'etry, *. the use of the areometer Argent, a. silvery, white.’shining like sil¬ ver Argentiferous, a. producing silver 78 * AVOID THAT WHICH YOU BLAME IN OTHERS. ADVISE NOT WHAT IS MOST PLEASANT, BUT WHAT IS MOST USEFUL APPREHENSION OF EVIL IS OFTTIMES "WORSE THAN THE EVIL ITSELF. A GOOD TALE IS OFTEN SPOILED IN THE TELLING. arq] lEnlargetr lEngltsf) JBtctionarg. [art Argentine, a. having the appearance of silver A.r'gil, s. potter’s clay ; fat,'soft earth Argilla'ceous, a. consisting of clay Argilliferous, a. producing clay Ar'gosy, s. a large merchant ship Ar'gue, v. a. to reason, to dispute, to debate Ar'guer, s. a disputer, a controvertist Ar'guing, s. reasoning, argumentation Argument, s. a reason or proof; a con¬ troversy; the subject of any discourse or writing Argumentation, s. the act of reasoning Argumentative, a. replete with argument Argumentatively, ad. in an argumenta¬ tive manner [gue Argumentativeness, s. disposition to ar- A'ria, s. [Ital.], an air, song, or tune A'rian, s. one of the sect of Arms— a. be¬ longing to Arianism A'rianism, s. the doctrine of those who re¬ gard our Lord as the foremost of created beings only Ar'idj a. dry, parched up, ploughed up Arid'ity, Artdness, s. dryness ; insensi¬ bility in devotion A'ries,'s. [Lat.], the first sign of the zodiac Arietta, s. [Ital.], a short air or song Ari'ght, ad. rightly, without mistake Ario' 80 , a. [Ital.], light and airy Ari'se, v. a. to rise up, to mount up Aristocracy, *. the government of a state by a privileged class ; the nobility col¬ lectively [aristocracy Aristocrat, s. a favourer or member of aii Aristocratic, Aristocrat'ical, a. relating to or partaking of aristocracy Aristocratically, ad. in an anctocratical manner Aristotelian, a. founded on the opinion of Aristotle— s. a follower of Aristotle ’Aristotelianism, s. doctrines of Aristotle Aristotel'ic, a. relating to Aristotle Arithmetic, s. the science of computation Arithmetical, a. according to arithmetic Arithmetically, ad. in an arithmetical manner Arithmetician, s. one skilled in arithmetic Ark, s. a chest or coffer Arm, s. the limb from the hand to the shoulder; an inlet of the sea ; the bough of a tree ; a weapon— v. to take up arms Arma'da, s. [Span.], a large fleet of ships Ar'mament, s. forces prepared for war; the offensive equipment of a ship of war Ar'mature, s. armour, weapons Arm'-chair, Arnied chair, s. a chair with rests for the arms Arm ful, s. as much as the arm can hold Arm'hole, s. place in a garment for the passage of the arm Arinillary, a. resembling a bracelet, ringed Armin'ian, s. a follower of Arminius— a. relating to the sect of Arminius Armin'ianism, s. the doctrine of those who maintain freewill in opposition to elec¬ tion Ar'mistice, s. short cessation of hostilities Arm'less, a. without weapons or arms Arm'let, s. bracelet ; small arm of the sea Ar'morer, s. one who makes or sells arms Armo'rial, a. belonging to the arms of a family Ar'mory, s. a place in which arms are de¬ posited Arm'pit, s. the hollow under the shoulder 1 Ar'mour, Ar'mor, s. defensive covering Ar'mour-bearer, s. one who carries the armour of another Arms, s. pi. warlike weapons; war'in ge¬ neral; the ensigns armorial of a family Arms'length, Arms'reach, s. the distance to which the hand may be extended ; nearness or vicinity Ar'my, s. a body of men organized for war ; a great number Amat'to, Arnot'to, s. See’Anatto Aro'ma, 8 . [Lat.], the odorous quality of plants; any spicy fragrancy Aromat'ic, Aromat'ical, a. spicy, fragrant Aromat'ics, s. pi. spices or fragrant drugs Aromatiza'tion, s. the mingling of aro¬ matic spices with anything Arom'atize, v. a. to scent, to perfume Arou'nd ,prep. round about, encompassing Arou'se, v. a. to awake, raise up, excite Arow', ad. in a row, in a straight line Arpe'ggio, s. [Ital.] (in Music), a passage formed of the notes of a chord, taken in rapid succession, to imitate a harp Ar'quebuse, s. a hand-gun [arquebuse Arquebusie'r, s. a soldier armed with an Arrack', Arack', s. a kind of spirituous liquor Arrai'gn, v. a. to indict, charge, accuse Arrai'gner, s. one who ai’raigns Arraignment, s. the act of accusing Arra'nge, v. a. to set in order or place Arra'ngement, s. act of putting in order Arra'nger, s. he who plans or contrives Airant, a. very bad, notorious, real Ar'rantly, ad. notoriously, scandalously Airas, s. rich tapestry or hangings Array', s. order of battle ; dress— v. a. to put in order, to deck, to dress Arrea'r, Arrea'rage, s. that which remains unpaid, though due Arrest', v. a. to stop, to obstruct ; to seize on— s. a seizure or apprehension of the person Arrest'er, Arrest'or, s. one who arrests Arrival, s. the act of coming to a place Arrive, v. a. to come to or reach a place Airogance, Airogancy, Ar'rogantness, s. great pride, presumption Airogant, a. very proud, presumptuous Ar'rogantly, ad. haughtily, saucily, proud- . ly Abrogate, v. a. to claim unjustly; to as¬ sume, boast Arroga'tion, s. a presumptuous claim Airow, s. a pointed weapon shot from a bow Arrow-head, s. the head of an arrow; a water plant Arrow-root, s. a nutritive medicinal food obtained from the root of the maranta Ar'rowy, a. consisting of or resembling arrows Ar'senal, s. a magazine for military stores Ar'senic, s. a poisonous mineral Arsen'ical, a. containing arsenic Arsen'icate, v. a. to combine with arsenic Arsen'icated, a. combined with arsenic Ar'son, s. the crime of housebuming Art, s. science, skill, dexterity, cunning .Arte'rial, a. conveyed in or resembling arteries Ar tery, a. a bloodvessel proceeding from the heart to the surface of the body Art'ful, a. cunning, dexterous, artificial Art'fully, ad. cunningly, slily, with art A FOP IS THE TAILOR’S FRIEND AND HIS OWN FOE. 79 A JEST IS NO ARGUMENT, AND LOUD LAUGHTER N0^DEMONSTRAT10N. AS A BIRD IS KNOWN BY HIS NOTE, SO IS A MAN BY HIS DISCOURSE. ALL IS BUT LIP-WISDOM THAT WANTS EXPERIENCE. - - -—— - ' art] 'gn ^Enlarges lEngltsf) Bicttonarp. [ass Art'fulness, a. skill, cunning Artichoke, a. an esculent plant Ar'ticle, a. a part, particular, clause, or paragraph; (in Grammar), a word, used demonstratively, or to individualize substantives— v. a. to draw up in articles Ar'ticled, a. apprenticed Artic'ular, a. belonging to the joints Artic'ularly, ad. sounding every syllable Artic'ulate, v. a. to utter words distinctly — a. distinct, plain, divided Artie'ulately, ad. distinctly, clearlv Artic'ulateness, a. distinctness; the qua¬ lity of being articulate Articula'tion, a. a joint or knot; the act of forming words Artifice, a. trick, fraud, art or trade Artificer, a. an artisan, or artist Artificial, a. made by art; not natural Artificiality, Artifi'cialness, a. appearance of art Artificially,**!?, artfully; craftily; unnatur- Artil'lerist, a. one skilled in gunnery [ally Artillery, a. weapons of war, cannon Artillery man, a. a soldier who manages the artillery Ai-'tisan, Ar'tizan, a. a mechanic or handi¬ craftsman Artist, a. a proficient in art; a draughts¬ man or painter; a skilful man Artis'tic, Artis'tical, a. agreeable to the principles of art Artis'tically, ad. according to art Artless, a. unskilful, without art or fraud Artlessly, ad. without art, naturally Artlessness, a. want of art; sincerity As, conj. in the same manner, because Asbes'tine, a. incombustible, like asbestos Asbes'tos, a. an incombustible filamentous mineral Ascend', v. a. to mount, to rise, to move higher, to advance in excellence Ascend'able, a. that may be ascended Asceud'ant, a. height, superiority—a. pre¬ dominant, superior, overpowering Ascend'ency, a. influence, superiority Ascen'sion, a. act of ascending or rising; a festival commemorating our Saviour’s ascension into heaven Ascen'sive, a. in a state of ascent Ascent', a. a rising, an upward slope, an eminence Ascertain', v. a. to make certain, establish Ascertain'able, a. that may be ascertained Ascertain'er, a. one who ascertains Ascertain'ment, a. the making certain Ascetic, a. a hermit, a devout person—a. rigidly devout, recluse Asceticism, a. the state of an ascetic A'scii, a. pi. the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have no shadows, when the sun is vertical at noon Aseiti'tious, a. See Adscititious Ascri'bable, a. that which may be ascribed Ascri'be, v. a. to attribute to, to impute to Ascrip'tion, s. the act of ascribing Ash, a. a well-known tree so called Asha'med, a. abashed, confounded Ash'-coloured, a. between brown and gray Ash'en, a. made of ash Ash'es, a. the dusty remains of anythmg burnt Ash'-hole, a. a repository for ashes Ashlar, Ashler, a. stones as they come from the quarry; the wrought stone facing of buildings Asho're, ad. on shore, on the land, in safety Ash'pan, a. a receptacle for the ashes of a stove Ash-Wed'nesday. a. the first day of Lent Ash'y, a. whitisn gray, of the colour of ashes A'sian, Asiatic, a. pertaining to Asia Asiatic, a. a native of any part of Asia Asiat'icism, a. orientalism; imitation of the names of Asiatics Asi'dc, ad. to one side, apart from the rest Asinine, a. resembling an ass Ask, v. a. to beg, to claim, to seek, to re¬ quire Aska'nce, Aska'nt, ad. obliquely, on one Ask'er, a. an inquirer [side Askew', ad. sideways, contemptuously Asla'nt, ad. obliquely, on one side Aslee'p, ad. sleeping, at rest Aslo'pe, ad. obliquely, with declivity Asp, As'pen, a. a kind of poplar-tree, the leaves of which always tremble Asp, As'pic, a. a venomous serpent Aspariagus, a. an esculent plant As'pect, a. look, air, appearance, view Asperity, -a. roughness; harshness of speech Asper'se, v. a. to slander, to censure Asperiser, a. he who vilifies another Asperision, s. a sprinkling; calumny Asphalt, Aspha'ltum, a. a bituminous substance, used now for paving, roof¬ ing, &c. Asphaltic, a. resembling asphalt, bitu¬ minous As'phodel, s. a kind of day lily [fainting Asphyxia, Asphyx'y, a. a swooning; a Asphyxiate, v. a. to choke, to suffocate Aspirant, a. a candidate As'pirate, a. the mark to denote an aspir¬ ated pronunciation— v. a. to pronounce fully or strong As'pirated, a. marked with an aspirate *- Aspira'tion, a. an ardent wish or desire; the act of pronouncing with full breath Aspi'ratory, a. relating to breathing Aspi're, v. a. to aim at, to desire eagerly Aspi'rer, a. one who is ambitious Aspi'ring, a. ambitious Asquint', ad. obliquely [fellow Ass, a. an animal of burden; a stupid Assail, v. a. to attack, to assault; to ad¬ dress Assailable, a. that may be attacked Assailant, a. one who attacks or invades —a. invading or attacking with violence Assai'ler, a. one who attacks Assas'sin, Assas'sinator, a. a secret mur¬ derer ; a follower of the Old Man of the Mountain Assas'sinate, v. a. to murder openly, with treachery Assassina'tion, a. act of assassinating Assault, a. attack, hostile onset, storm— v. a. to attack, to invade Assau'ltable, a. capable of assault Assaulter, a. one who violently assaults Assay', a. trial, examination— v. a. to try Assay'er, a. one who assays metals, &c. Assaying, a. the chemical examination and testing of ores and metals Assem'blage, a. a collection of persons Assem'ble, v. a. to meet or call together Assem'bler, a. one who assembles Assembling, a. meeting together A FOOL’S HEART IS EVER DANCING ON HIS LIPS. ALL COMPLAIN OF WANT OF MEMORY, BUT NONE OF WANT OF JUDGMENT A MAN’S OWN MANNERS COMMONLY FRAME HIS FORTUNE AFFECTATION IS PART OF THE TRAPPINGS OF FOLLY. ass] 9ln lEnlargeti lEngltsf) JBicttonnrp. [asy Assem'bly, s. a company assembled, a ball Assem'bly-room, s. a room for public meet¬ ings, balls, &c. Assent', v. n. to agree to, to yield— s. agreement, approbation Assen'ter, s. the person who consents Assen'tingly, ad. by agreement Assert', v. a. to affirm, to maintain Assertion, s. act of asserting, matter as- Asser'tive, a. positive; dogmatical [serted Assertively, ad. affirmatively Asserttcr, s. one who affirms; a vindicator Asser'torv, a. affirming ; supporting Assess', v. a. to charge with, or value at a certain sum Assessable, a. that may be assessed Assess'ment, s. the act of assessing Assess'or, s. one appointed to assess Assets', s. pi. goods to discharge a debt Assev'er, Assev'erate, v. a. to affirm so¬ lemnly Assevera'tion, s. a solemn affirmation Assidu'ity, s. diligence, care, constancy Assid'uous, a. constant, diligent Assid'uously, ad. diligently, constantly Assid'uousness,«. diligence Assi'gn, v. n. to mark out, to make over— s. one to whom property is assigned Assignable, a. that may be assigned As'signats, s. pi. [Fr.], tne paper-money of France during the Revolution Assignation, s. an appointment, a trans¬ ference Assigned, a. allotted, transferred Assignee', s. one to whom an assignment is made Assi'gner, Assignor, *. one who assigns or appoints Assignment, s. an appointment, a transfer Assimilable, a. that may be assimilated Assimilate, v. a. to bring to a likeness— v. n. to become similar Assimilation, 4. act of converting to the nature of another Assim'ilative, a. having the power to as¬ similate Assist', v. to help, to succour, to aid Assistance, s. help, aid, relief, support Assister, Assistant, s. one who helps Assize, v. a. to fix "weight or price Assize, Assizes, s. the sitting of judges to determine causes and try criminals Assizer, 5 . one who has the care of weights, &c. Asso'ciate, v. a. to unite, to join with— s. a partner, companion—a. confederate Association, s. union of persons, or things; a confederacy, a partnership Associative, a. capable of associating Assoi'l, v. a. to absolve, or free As'sonance, s. resemblance of sounds; (in Poetry), the termination of two or more line3 in words having the same vowel-sounds As'sonant, a. resembling in sound — s. a word having the same vowel-sounds as another Assort', v. a. to range in order, to class Assortment, t. art of arranging; a quan¬ tity properly arranged; a selection Assua'ge, t>. a. to soften, to ease, to pacify Assua'gement, s. what mitigates or softens Assua'ger, s. one who pacifies or appeases Assua'sive, a. softening, mitigating, mild As'suetude ,». custom, use, habit Assu'me,®. a. to take, to claim, to arrogate Assu'mer, s. an arrogant person Assu'ming, a. arrogant, haughty Assump'tion, s. the taking to one’s self; a postulate; undertaking Assump'tive, a. that is assumed Assu'rance, s. confidence; want of mo¬ desty ; security; firmness. See Insurance Assu're, v. a. to assert; secure. insure Assu'red, a. certain; indubitable Assu'redly, ad. certainly, undoubtedly Assu'redness, s. certainty, confidence Assu'rer, s. he who assures Assu'ring, a. giving confidence Assu'ringly, ad. so as to give confidence Assy'rian, a. belonging to Assyria Aste'riated, a. radiated like a star As'terisk, s. a mark like a star {*) As'terism, s. a small cluster of stars Aster'll, ad. (asea term) signifying behind Asteroi'dal, a. pertaining to the asteroids As'teroids, s. the general name of the small planets revolving between the ~ orbits of Mars and Jupiter As'thma, s. permanent difficulty of breath¬ ing, attended with a cough Asthmat'ic, Asthmat'ical, a. affected with asthma Astonish, v. a. to amaze, to confound Astonishing, a. very wonderful; amazing Astonishingly, ad. so as to excite wonder Astonishingness, s. quality of astonishing Astonishment, s. amazement, surprise Astou'nd, v. a. to astonish Astou'nding, a. prodigious Astrad'dle, ad. astride As'tral, a. relating to the stars, bright Astray', ad. out of the right way. wrong Astric'tion. s. the act of contracting Astri'de, ad. with the legs across anything Astrin'ge, v. a. to draw together, to bind Astrin'gency, «. the power of contractiusr Astrin'gent, a. binding, contracting — s. that which binds, or contracts Astrog'raphy, s. description of the stars As'trolabe, s. an ancient astronomical in¬ strument for taking altitudes Astrol'oger, Astrolo'gian, s. one who prac¬ tises astrology Astrolo'gic, Astrolo'gical, a. belonging or relating to astrology Astrolo'gically, ad. 'in an astrological manner Astrol'ogize, v. a. to practise astrology Astrol'ogy, s. the art of foretelling events by the aspects of the planets, &c. Astron'omer, s. one who studies astronomy Astronom'ic, Astronomical, a . belonging to astronomy Astronomically, ad. in an astronomical manner Astron'omize, v. n. to study astronomy Astron'omy, s. the science which investi¬ gates the phenomena and laws of the heavenly bodies As'tro-theol'ogy,s.the astronomical branch of natural theology Astrut', ad. in a strutting manner Astu'te, a. cunning ; penetrating Astu'tely, ad. with shrewdness, or cunning Astu'teness, s. craft, cunning, subtlety Asun'der, ad. separately, in two parts Asylum, s. [Lat.], a place of refuge or pro¬ tection Asynarte'te, a. (in Grammar), connected in sense and position, but not by par¬ ticles A VAIN HOPE FLATTERETH THE HEART OF A FOOL. G 8] AN ANGRY MAN OPENS HIS MOUTH AND SHUTS HIS EYES. A POOR FREEDOM IS BETTER THAN A RICH SLAVERY. ASY] ISnlargttt 3£ngltsf) Btcttonarth [attd Asyn'deton, s. [Gr.] (in Grammar), the omission of particles between sentences connected in position and meaning At, prep, near to, in, by, on, with At'aghan, s. a small Turkish dagger Athana'sian, a. relating to St Athanasius Atheism, s. the disbelief of a God Atheist. a. one who denies the existence of God • [ism Atheistic, Atheistical, a. containing athe- Atheist'ically, ad. in an atheistic manner Atheist'icalness, s. disbelief in the Divine Being A'theize, v. a. to make atheistic Athe'nian, a. relating to Athens—a. a na tive of Athens Athir'st, a. dry, thirsty, in want of drink Athlete,*, one who contended in the pub¬ lic games in Greece; any one who strives or labours Athletic, a. strong, lusty, bony, vigorous Athletically, ad. like an athlete Athleticism, s. muscular strength Ath wa'rt, prep, across, through—ad. trans versely, wrongly Atilt', ad. like a barrel raised behind, or like one who tilts Atlante'an, a. resembling Atlas; huge Atlan'tes, s. [Lat.] (in Architecture), the figures of men used for pillars Atlan'tic, a. pertaining to the Atlantic Ocean , . . Atlas, s. a collection of maps; a nch kind of silk or stuff Atmom'eter, s. an instrument to measure evaporation At'mosphere, s. the air enveloping the earth; anvthing which pervades imper¬ ceptibly Atmospheric, Atmospherical, a. relating to the air At'om, At'omy, s. extremely small particle Atomic, Atomical, a. consisting of atoms, minute At'omism, Atomol'ogy, s. doctrine of atoms At'omist, s. one who holds the atomic theory . Ato'ne, v. a. to make amends for; expiate Ato'nement, s. agreement; expiation Ato'ner, s. he who reconciles Atonic, a. wanting energy Atop', ad. on the summit Atrabil'iar, Atrabil'iary, a. melancholy Atro'cious. a. wicked, enormous, heinous Atro'ciously, ad. very wickedly, heinously Atro'ciousness, s. enormous criminality Atrocity, s. horrible wickedness At'rophy a,incapability of being nourished by food Attach', v. a. to seize or lay hold on; to win or gain over; to fix or connect Attachable, a. that may be attached Attached, a. united by love or friendship Attachment, s. adherence, fidelity, regard Attack', s. an assault on an enemy— v. a. to assault, or impugn in any manner Attackable, a. that can be attacked Attacker, s. one who attacks Attai'n, v.to gain, to overtake, to arrive at Attainability, Attai'nableness, s. the be¬ ing attainable Attainable, a. thatwhich may be attained Attainder, t. taint, soil, disgrace Attainment, t. an acquisition, an acquir¬ ing Attaint, v. a. to dishonour—*, a stain At'tar, s. [Hind.], a fragrant extract from rose-leaves Attem'per, v. a. to mingle, to soften, to regulate, to proportion Attem'nerate, Atte'mpered, a. moderated, suitea Attempt', v. a. to try, to essay—*, an effort Attempt'able, a. liable to attempts Attempt'er, s. one who attempts or attacks Attend', v. to wait for, or give attendance to; regard with attention; accompany Attend'ance, s. act of waiting on another Attend'ant, s. one who attends another— a. accompanying as subordinate Attend'er, s. one who attends Attent', a. attentive, intent, regardful Attention, *. the act of attending, close application of the mind, care Atten'tive, a. heedful, regardful, intent Attentively, ad. heedfully Attentiveness, s. heedfulness, attention Atten'uate, v. a. to make thin, to dilute Attenua'tion, s. state of being made thin Attest', v. a. to bear witness to, to invoke Attesta'tion, s. testimony, witness, evi¬ dence Attest'er, Attest'or, s. a witness At'tic, a. pertaining to Attica— s. the story of a house above the level of the walls At'ticise, v. n. to affect atticism At'ticism, s. the idioms of the Greek, lan¬ guage of Athens Atti're, s. clothes, dress, ornaments— v. a. to dress, to habit, to array Atti'rer, s. one who attires At'titude, s. posture, gesture, action Attor'ney, s. one deputed to act for an¬ other, one legally qualified to act for another in legal affairs Attor'nevship, s. office of an attorney Attract',*r. a. to allure; draw to; to entice Attrac'tile, a. having power to attract Attrac'tingly, ad. in an attracting manner Attraction, s. the power of drawing, al¬ luringness, charm Attractive, a. inviting, alluring, enticing Attractively, ad. with the power of at¬ tracting ‘ Attractiveness, s. the quality of attraction Attractor, s. that which attracts Attra'hent, s. that which draws—a. draw¬ ing „ , Attributable, a. that may be ascribed Attribute, s. inherent quality, a property Attribute, v. a. to impute or ascribe Attribution, s. ascription; the quality ascribed Attrib'utive, a. pertaining to or express¬ ing an attribute—s. (m Grammar), a word or phrase describing or character¬ izing a subject Attrition, *. act of wearing by rubbing; the being so worn; (amongst Roman Catholics),an inferior kind of repentance Attu'ne, v. a. to tune, to make musical Au'bum, a. brownish, nearly brown Auction, s. a public sale of goods to the highest bidders Auctioneer', s. one who sells by auction Auda'cious, a. impudent, daring, bold, saucy Auda'ciously, ad. boldly; impudently Auda'ciousness, Audacity, s. impudence Au'dible, a. that may be distinctly heard Au'dibleness, s. capableness of being heard Au'dibly, ad. so as to be heard 82 A LITTLE NEGLECT MAY BREED GREAT MISCHIEF. ATFLICATION AND INDUSTRY ARE THE BEST PRESERVATIVES OF INNOCENCE ART AND SCIE ADMIRATION ACCOMPANIES RESPECT; HATRED, FEAR. Eh fc 3 PJ O © M w Pi < o K £ w 05 o w H H P « 05 W »-( a ri fc « o fc p a w © 5?; aud] &n lEnlargcU lEngM) Dictionary. Au'dience, s. the act of hearing; an inter¬ view with a sovereign or prime minis¬ ter ; an auditory Au'dit, s. an examination and settling of accounts^— v. to examine, and settle ac¬ counts Au'ditor, s. [Lat.], a hearer; an examiner of accounts Au'ditorship, s. the office of auditor Au'ditory, s. an assembly of hearers; a place where lectures, &c., are heard— a. pertaining to the organ of hearing Au'ditress, s. a female hearer Au'ger, s. a tool to bore large holes with Aught, s. anything Augment', v. a. to increase, add, enlarge Augmentation, s. the act of increasing; Augmentative, a. having the quality of augmenting; capable of increasing * Augmenter, s. he who enlarges Au'gur, s. [Lat.], a soothsayer or diviner— v. to guess, to conjecture by signs Au'gural, Augu'rial, a. relating to auguries or augurs Au'gurship, s. the office of an augur Au'gury, s. the foretelling of events, a pre¬ diction or omen August', a. noble, grand, magnificent, holy Au'gust, s. the eighth month of the year Augustan, a. pertaining to Augustus Augustin'ian, s. a follower of St Augus¬ tine’s doctrines Augustins, s. monks of the Order of St Augustin, Austin Friars August'ness, s. elevation of look; dignity Auk, s. a sea-bird Aunt, s. a father’s or mother’s sister Aure'lia, s. a chrysalis Aure'lian, a. pertaining to or like the au- relia— s. a collector of moths and butter¬ flies Aure'ola, s. [Lat.], the circle of rays round the heads of the Saviour, &c., in pictures Au'ric, a. pertaining to gold Au'ricle, s. the external ear; the name of the cavities in the heart which receive the blood from the veins Auric'ula, s. a flower of the primrose kind, the bear’s ear Auric'ular, a. connected with healing, or with the ear, told in secret Auric'ularly, ad. in a secret manner Aurif'erous, a. having or producing gold Aurig'raphy, s. a writing with gold Au'rist, s. a curer of disorders in the ear Auro'ra, s. [Lat.], dawn, the morning Auro'ra Borea'lis, s. [Lat.], the streamers, or northern lights Auro'ral, a. resembling the aurora Ausculta'tion, s. act of listening Aus'pice, s. an omen; protection, influence Aus'pices, s. pi. patronage, protection Auspi'cious, a. prosperous, fortunate, happy Auspi'ciously, ad. prosperously, favour- Auspi'ciousness, s. prosperity [ably Auste're, o. severe, rigid, harsh, stem Auste'rely, ad. rigidly [cipline Austertity, s. severity, cruelty; harsh dis- Aus'tral, a. southern Australian, a. pertaining to Australia Aus trian, a. .pertaining to the Austrian empire— s. a native of Austria Authentic, a. genuine, original, provable Authentically, ad. in an authentic manner [ave Authen'ticalness, s. authenticity Authenticate, v. a. to establish by proof Authentication, s. establishing by proof Authenticity, s. authority, genuineness Author, s. the writer of a book; an in¬ ventor Authoress, s. a female author [tive Authoritative, a. having authority, posi- Authortitatively, ad. in an authoritative manner; with due authority Authorttativcness, s. acting by authority Authority, s. legal power, influence, rule Authorization, s. gift of authority Authorize, v. a. to give authority, justify Authorized, a. justified, or derived from authority Authorship, s. quality of being an author Au to-biog'rapher, s. one who writes i moirs of himself Au'to-biograph'ical, a. in the manner of an auto-biography Au'to-biograph'ically, ad. as an auto-bio¬ graphy Au'to-biog'raphy, s. the history of a person written by himself Autoc'racy, s. independent power Autocrat, s. a despotic prince “U Autocrat'ic, Autocrat'ical, a. absolutely supreme Autograph, s. original hand-writing Autographic, Autograph'ical, a. pertain- mg to one’s own writing Autog'raphy, s. process of printing from an original writing transferred to a stone Automatic, Autom'atous, a. moving by secret machinery, regulating its own movements Autom'aton, s. a machine moved by springs, &c. within it Auton'omous, a. self-governing Auton'omy, s. self-government Autopsy, s. ocular demonstration Autumn, s. the third season of the year Autum'nal, a. belonging to autumn Auxe'sis, s. [Gr.] (in Rhetoric), the substi¬ tution of too grand a word for the pro¬ per one Auxil'iar, Auxiliary, a. assistant—a. 3 a helper; (in Grammar), a verb employed as a substitute for deficient inflections of other verbs Auxiliaries, s.jrt. foreign troops serving a nation in Avar Avail', y. a. to profit, to promote, to assist AA r ailabil'ity, Avail'ableness, s. competent power, validity Avail'able, a. profitable, advantageous, valid * Avail'ablv, ad. powerfully, profitably Av'alanche, s. [Fr.], a mass of snow falling down the side of a mountain Ayan't-courie'r, s. [Fr.], one despatched before the rest to notify their approach Av'arice, Avari'ciousness, s. covetousness, niggardliness Avaricious, a. covetous, greedy Avariciously, ad. in a covetous manner Ava'st, int. hold, stop, stay, enough Ava'tar, s. (in India), an incarnation Avau'nt, int. begone A've Ma'ry, *. (amongst Roman Catholics), a form of devotion to the Virgin Mary Aven'ge,®. a. to revenge, to punish Aven'gement, s. vengeance, satisfaction taken Aven'ger, 8. a punisher; revenger A TALE OUT OF SEASON IS AS MUSIC IN MOURNING. 33 .ARROGANCE IS A WEED THAT GROWS MOSTLY ON A DUNGHILL. THAN ONE AT A TIME. AVOID A SLANDERER AS YOU "WOULD A SCORPION. lEnlavgetf lEnglisf) ©uttonarix [bac Ifl o z ►H w H w PS o » o P o H in P O P w o *< P w V* P P H 10 O 60 w p- P S tfi ◄ Av'enue, s. an. entrance to a place; an alley of trees leading to a house Aver', v. a. to affirm,to assert, to declare Av'erage,' s. the medium of several un¬ equal quantities; (in commerce), a duty paid, by merchants—r. a. to find or re¬ duce to a medium—a. containing a medial proportion . , Aver'ment, s. act of averring, establish¬ ment by evidence Aver'se, a. contrary to, not favourable to Aver'selv, ad. unwillingly; backwardly Aver'seiiess, s. unwillingness Aversion, s. hatred, dislike, antipathy Avert', v. a. to turn aside, to keep ofF Aver'ter,*. that wliich turns away; a pre¬ venter ,. , . A'viary, s. a place to keep birds in Avid'ity, s. greediness, eagerness, anx¬ iousness Avoca'tion, s. See Yocation Avoid', v. to shun, to escape, to retire Avoid'able, a. that wliich may be avoided Avoid'ance, s. the act of avoiding Avoid'er, s. one who avoids, shuns, or escapes ., ,, Avoid'less, a. inevitable; unavoidable Avoirdupois', s. the weight most common¬ ly in use, in which the pound contains 16 ounces Avouch', v. a. SeeYouch Avow', v. a. to declare, to assert, to profess Avow'al, s. a positive or open declaration Avow'edly, ad. in an open manner Avowee', s. he to whom the right of ad- vowson of any church belongs; the ad¬ vowee . Avow'er, s. one who avows or justifies Await', v. a. to expect, to wait for, to attend , . Awa'ke, v. a. to rouse from sleep, to put into new action— v. n. to leave off sleep¬ ing— a . not sleeping, vigilant, active Awa'lien, v. to awake Awa'kener, s. that which awakens Awa'kening, $. a religious revival Award', v. to adjudge, to determine, to gi ve _ s . a sentence, a determination Awa're, a', vigilant, attentive, cautious Away', ad. absent; let us go; begone Awe, s. dread, fear, respect, reverence— v. a. to strike with fear and reverence Aweath'er, ad. (a nautical terra), on the weather side; towards the wind Awe'less, a. without awe Awe'struck, a. impressed with awe Aw'ful, a. causing awe, or filling with re¬ ference ; impressed with awe, timorous; worshipful . Aw'fully, ad. in a reverential manner Aw'fulness, s. quality of striking with awe Awhi'le, ad. for some space of time Awk'ward, a. clumsy, inelegant, unpolite Awk'wardly, ad. clumsily, inelegantly Awk'wardness, s. inelegance, clumsiness Awl, s. a sharp instrument to make holes Awn, s. the beard of com or grass Awn'ing, s. any covering spread over a ship or boat, to keep off the heat or wet Awry', ad. obliquely, asquint, unevenly Axe, s. an instrument used to chop with Axe'head, s. the blade of an axe Ax'iom,s. a self-evident truth ; that which cannot be made plainer by demonstra¬ tion Axiomat'ic, Axiomat'ical, a. relating to an axiom Axiomat'ically, ad. by means of axioms Ax'is, a. a line passing directly through the centre of anything about which it might revolve Ax'le. Ax'letree, a. the timber or iron on which the wheel turns Ay, ad. yes; certainly; even.so Aye, ad. always; for ever Az'imuth, s. (in Astronomy), an arch of the horizon between the meridian of the place and any given vertical line Azo'te, a. nitrogen gas Azot'ic, a. of or relating to azote Az'otizod, a. impregnated with nitrogen A'zure, a. of a bright blue colour—v. a. to colour blue— s. the sky B. B THE second letter in the alphabet, is j pronounced by pressing the whole length of the lips together, and forcing them open with a strong breath; or by bringing them together firmly, so as to cut off the breathingas but, tub. Baa', v. n. to bleat or cry like a sheep—*. the bleating or natural cry of a sheep Bab'ble, Bab'bling, s. idle discourse Bab'ble, v. n. to talk idly, to tell secrets Bab'blement, *. unmeaning words, prate Bab'bler, s. an idle talkative person Bab'bling, s. irrational talk Babe, s, a young child of either sex Ba'bel, s. [Heb.], disorder; tumult; con¬ fusion Baboo'n, s. a large species of monkey Ba'by, s. a babe, an infant—a. like a young child— v. a. to treat like a baby Ba'byliood, s. infancy ; childhood Ba'by-house, s. a toy; a place for dolls, &c. Ba'byish, a. childish Ba'byishly, ad. like a child Ba'byism, s. likeness to a child Babylo'nian, Babylo'nish, Babylo'nic, a. pertaining to Babylon; disorderly, con¬ fused . , Bac, Back, s. a large fiat tub m which wort is cooled; a ferry-boat or praam Bac'cated, a. set with pearls; having ber¬ ries Bac'chanal, s. a devotee to Bacchus—a. drunken, revelling Bacchanalian, s. a drunken riotous person — a. relating to revelry Bac'chanals, s. pi. drunken revels Bac'chant, Bac'chante, s. a bacchanalian man or woman Bac'chic, a. drunken; mad with mtoxica- tion Bach'elor, s. an unmarried man; a gradu¬ ate of the first degree at a university Bach'elor’s but'tons, s. the name of several double-flowered plants Bach'elorship, s. the state of a bachelor Back, 8. the hinder part; the part of the body next the epinal column— v. a. to mount a horse; to second, to maintain — v. n. to go backwards— ad. retrogress- ively, behind Back'bite, v. a. to censure an absent person Backbiter, s. one who slanders secretly Back'biting, $. secret detraction Back'board, a. a board for persons to lean « r* o 'A V\ — a in H a o o H O o A h a » in S ►H Z 1 ►H a in O H in PS a o K* < a a z » z < a w 60 •-< < 84 ^ MOMENT OF TIME IS A MONUMENT OF MERCY, BEWARE TO WHOM YOU COMMIT TIIE SECRETS OF YOUR MIND. BE ALWAYS AT LEISURE TO DO GOOD. bac] 3ln 2£nlargtfj 2£nglfsf) IBtctumarg. [bal against when sitting; a hoard fastened to the back Backbo'ne, s. the spinal column Backdoo'r, t. hinder door; private entrance Back'ed, a. with or on a back; supported Back'friend, s. a secret enemy Backgam'mon, s. a game played by two persons with dice and tables Background, i. ground in the rear; ob¬ scurity Back'handed,a. with the hand turned back Back'house, s. a building in the rear of a house Back'piece, s. 'a piece of armour for the back Backroom, s. room in the rear of a house Backside, s. the hinder part of anything Backsli'de, v. «. to fall off; to apostatize Backsli'der, s an apostate Backsli'ding, s. apostasy, transgression Backstairs, s.pl. staff's in a retired part of a house— a. underhand Backstays, s. ropes from the topmasts to the vessel’s sides Back'sword, $. a sword with one sharp edge; a basket-hilted stick used in rustic games Backward, Backwards, a. unwilling, dull, sluggish—ad. retrogressively, with the back in advance Back'wardly, ad. unwillingly, sluggishly Backwardness, s. unwillingness; tardi¬ ness Back'water, s. water flowing against the general set of the current Backwoods, s. pi. the forests to the west of the Atlantic settlements in N. Ame¬ rica Backwoods'man, s. a settler in the back- woods Ba'con ? s. flesh of a hog, salted and dried Baco'nian, a. originating with Lord Bacon Baculom'etry, s. art of measuring dis¬ tances by staves Bad, a. ill, wicked, hurtful, vicious, sick Badge, s. a mark or token of distinction Bad'ger, s. an animal which it was custom¬ ary to bait with dogs—®. a. to worry, to annoy Badinage, s. [Fr.], light or playful dis- Bad'ly, ad. in a bad manner [course Bad'ness, s. want of good qualities Baffle, v. a. to elude, deceive; to confound Baffler, s. one that baffles or eludes Bag, s. sack; purse— v. a. to put into a bag —v. n. to swell or hang down like a bag Bagatell'e, s. a thing of no import, a trifle; a game played with balls and cues, on a board Bag'gage, s. the luggage of an army, lug¬ gage ; a worthless woman Bag'ging, s. the cloth or material for bags Bag'pipe, s. a Scotch musical instrument Bag'piper, s. one that plays on a bagpipe Bail, s. surety given for another’s appear¬ ance—®. a. to give bail, to admit to bail Bail'able, a. that may be set at liberty by bail Bail'bond, s. the bond given by one liber¬ ated on bail Bailee', s. one who receives goods in trust Bail'er, Bail'or, s. one who delivers goods in trust Bail'iff, 8. an officer who puts in force an arrest; a land steward Bail'iwick, s. the jurisdiction of a bailiff Bailment, s. a delivery of goods in trust - t Bail'piece, s. a recognisance of bail Bait, s. temptation; refreshment; lure—■ v. to bait the hook in angling; take re¬ freshment on a journey; set dogs upon Bailing, s. the act of taking refreshment; act of worrying by dogs, or like a dog Baize, s. a coarse kind of open cloth Bake, v. to harden by fire; dress in an oven Ba'kehouse, s. a place for baking bread Ba'ker, s. one who bakes and sells bread, &c. Ba'kery, s. bakehouse or trade of a baker Ba'king, s.the quantity baked at one time Bal'ance, s. a pair of scales; the difference of an account—®, to make equal, to settle; to hesitate, to fluctuate Bal'ance-han'dled-knife, a. one having the handle weighted and made heavier than the blade Bal'ancer, s. the person that weighs any¬ thing ; one who poises a weight Bal'ancmg, s. equilibrium; poise Bal'cony, s. a small gallery of wood or stone on the outside of a house Bald, a. without hair; inelegant, una¬ dorned Bald'achin, t. a canopy, supported with columns Bal'derdash, s. anything jumbled; ribald talk—®, a. to adulterate any liquor Bald'ly, ad. nakedly; meanly Bald'ness, s. the want or loss of hair; mean¬ ness of writing; inelegance Bald'pate, «. one without hair Bald'pated, a. destitute of hair on the head Bald'ric, s. a girdle, a belt; the zodiac Bale, s. goods packed for carriage ; misery — v. to pack up for carnage; to empty water out by a bucket or a cup Ba'lefire, s. a bonfire, or signal-fire Baleful, a. full of misery, sorrowful, sad Ba'lefully, ad. calamitously; perniciously Baling, s. the act of emptying out water by a bucket, or small vessel Balk, s. disappointment; a beam or rafter Balk, Baulk, ®. to disappoint Ba'lker, s. one who balks Ba'lkingly, ad. so as to disappoint Ball, s. any kind of globe; an entertain¬ ment of dancing—®.«. to form into balls Ballad, s. a common or trifling song, an air Ballad-maker, Ballad-writer, s. one who writes popular songs Ballad-monger, s. a trader in ballads Balladry, s. the style of ballads Ballad-singer, s. one who sings ballads Ballast, s. weight placed in the bottom of a ship, to prevent its oversetting; gravel laid on a railroad—®, to supply" with ballast Ballasting, s. material used for ballast Ba'llcartndge, s. a cartridge with a bullet in it Ba'llcock, s. a tap which opens when a cistern is empty, and closes when it is full Ballet, s. [Fr.], a mimetic dance Balloo'n, s. a globe of silk, &c., inflated with gas, which rises into the air; a large vessel used in chemistry Balloo'ning, s. the practice of aerostation Balloo'nist, s. an aeronaut Ballot, 8. a ball or ticket used in giving BUSINESS IS THE SALT OF LIFE. 85 BE READY TO HEAR, CAREFUL TO CONTRIVE, AND SLOW TO ADVISE. BUFFOONERY IS TIIE CORRUPTION OF "WIT, AS KNAVERY IS OF WISDOM BREVITY IS TIIE SOUL OF WIT. bal] lEnlargetr ISnglisf) SHctionarp. [bab votes; act ',of so voting— v. a. to choose by ballot Bal'lot-box, s. a box for receiving ballots Eal'loting, s. act of voting by ballot Balm, s. an aromatic plant— v. a. to soothe Balm'y, a. soothing, soft; fragrant Bal'sam, s. a peculiar vegetable product, fragrant and medicinal in its nature, ■which exudes from certain kinds of plants Balsama'tion, s. the act of rendering bal¬ samic Balsam'ic, a. mitigating, softening, heal¬ ing Baisamine, s. the plant called touch-me- not Bal'tic, s. relating to the sea so named Bal'uster, s. a small pillar or column Bal'ustered, a. having balusters Balustra'de, s. a row of small pillars Bamboo', s. a large Indian cane or reed Bamboo'zle, v. a. to trick, cheat, deceive Bamboozler, s. a tricking fellow Ban, s. a public notice; a curse, interdic¬ tion— v. a. to curse, or excommunicate Bana'na, s. a kind of plantain-tree Band, s. a bandage or tie; a company— v. a. to bind together, to unite in a troop Band'age, s. a fillet; a ligature for a wound Bandan'a, s. a handkerchief of silk or cot¬ ton, with white figures on a coloured ground Band'box, s. a thin slight box Band'elet, Band'let, s. a flat moulding; a little band or fillet Band'er, s. he who unites with others Ban'dit, s. an outlaw, a robber Ban'dog,«. a large dog; a mastiff Band'rol, Ban'nerol, s. a little flag or streamer Ban'dy, v. a. to strike or toss to and fro — a. crooked— s. a crooked stick Ban'dy-leg, s. a crooked leg Ban'dy-legged ; a. having crooked legs Bane, s. mischief, ruin, poison Ba'neful, a. poisonous, hurtful Ba'nefully, ad. perniciously, destructively Ba'nefulness, s. destructiveness Bang, s. a blow, a thump— v. to beat Ba'ngle, s. a kind of bracelet or anklet Bangue, Bang, s. a narcotic used in the G ctst Ban'ian, Ban'yan, $. a loose morning gown; an Indian tree Ban'ian-days (a naval expression), days when the men have no meat Ban'ish, v. a. to exile, to drive away Ban'isher, s. he who exiles another Ban'ishment, s. transportation, exile Ban'ister. See Baluster Bank, s. the side of a river: a little hill; a shoal in the sea; a repository for money; the proprietors of a banking house— y. to construct a bank; to place money in a bank Bank able, a. discountable; receivable at a bank Bank'-bill, Bank'-note, a. a promissory note issued by a banking company Bank'-book, s. the account kept by a cus¬ tomer of a bank Banker, t. one who receives money in trust Ban'king, *. the business of a banker Bank'rupt, s. one who, unable to pay his debts, surrenders his effects— a. insol¬ vent, unable to pay debts Bankruptcy, s. the state of a bankrupt Bank'-stock, s. shares in the stock of a bank Ban'ner, s. a military standard or flag Ban'nered, a. furnished with banners Ban'neret, s. a knight created in the field of battle Ban'nock, s. a loaf or cake of oatmeal Ban'quet, s. a sumptuous feast—c. n. to feast; to regale [feasts Ban'queter, s. a feastcr; he that makes Ban'quoting, s. the act of feasting Ban'queting-house, Ban'queting-room, «. the place where banquets are held Ban'tam, s. a small kind of chicken Ban'ter, v. a. to rally, play upon— s. ridicule Ban'terer, s. one that banters Ban'tering, s. act of rallying Bant'ling, s. a young child, an infant Bap'tism, $. a sacrament of the Christian church, performed by applying water to the person Baptis'mal, a. relating to baptism Bap'tist, s. one who baptizes; one who baptizes by immersion E^p'tistery, s. place for performing bap¬ tism Bapti'zable, a. that may be baptized Bapti'ze, v. a. to administer baptism, to christen Bapti'zer, s. one who baptizes or christens Bar, v. a. to secure or fasten anything ■with a bar; to hinder or obstruct— s. a long piece of wood or iron; the place assigned for lawyers to plead; the place at which criminals stand during trial; a hindrance; the landlord’s room in a tavern Barb, s. a Barbary horse; a beard; the reversed points of an airow or a hook— v. a. to furnish points with barbs, or horses with armour Bar'bacan, Barbican, s. outwork of a fortress Barba'rian, s. a rude, uncivilized person, a savage— a. uncivilized, rude Barbaric, a. foreign, far-fetched Bar'barism, $. ignorance, inhumanity ; an uncouth manner of speaking or writing Barbarity, s. inhumanity, cruelty Barbarize, v. a. to render men savage Barbarous, a. rude, uncivilized, ignorant, inhuman, cruel; unacquainted with arts Barbarously, ad. ignorantly; cruelly Bar'barousness, s. rudeness; impurity of language Barbecue, s. an animal dressed whole— v. a. to aress whole on a gridiron Barbed, a. furnished with armour; beard¬ ed or jagged with points Barbel, *. a bearded river-fish Barber, «. one whose trade is to shave Barberry, s. the name of a prickly shrub Bard, s. a poet, ancient or modem Bard'ic, a. relating to bards or poets Bard'ism, s. the lore of the Celtic bards Bare, a. naked, unadorned Ba'reboned, a. having the bones bare Ba'red, a. stripped, uncovered Ba'refaced, a. shameless, impudent Ba'refacedly, ad. impudently; without disguise Ba'refacedness, s. effrontery; assurance Ba'refoot, Barefoot'ed, a. without shoes 84 BETTER TO LIVE WELL THAN LONG. BURY NOT YOUR FACULTIES IN THE SEPULCHRE OF IDLENESS BY AGGRAVATING AN INJURY, SOME PERSONS PERSUADE THEMSELVES THEY JUSTIFY IT BE NOT TOO HASTY TO OUTBID ANOTHER. bar] %xi lEnlargctt lEngltsi) Btctionart). [bas Barehead'ed, a.having the head uncovered Ba'relegged. a. having the legs naked Ba'rely, ad. nakedly, openly, poorly, scarcely, merely Ba'renecked, a. with the neck hare Ba'reness, a. nakedness; poverty; indi¬ gence Bar'gain, s. contract or agreement; thing bought or sold— v. n. to make a contract Bargainee', s. he who accepts a bargain Bargainer, s. he who makes a bargain Barge, s. a large boat for pleasure or trade Ba'rgeboard, s. the boards at the gables of a building Bar'geman, s. the manager of a barge Bar'g-emaster, s. the owner of a barge Baril'la, s. potashes used in making glass Bar'iron, s. wrought iron in bars Bark, s. rind of a tree; cry of a dog, wolf, eagle, &c.—v. to make a noise like a dog; clamour at; to strip trees of their bark Bark, Barque, s. a small ship Bark'bed, s. a hotbed made of refuse tan Bark'bound, a. having the bark too firm Bark'er, s. one who barks, a snarler; one who takes the bark off trees Bar'king, s. noise like that made by a dog Bar'ky, a. consisting of bark Barley, s. corn used for making malt Bar'ley-brake, a. a kind of rural play Barley-corn, a. a grain of barley; the third part of an inch Barley-mow, a. a place where barley is stowed Barley-sugar, s. sugar boiled till it be¬ comes brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley Barley-water, s. a drink made from barloy Barm, a. yeast Bar'maid, s. a female waiter at an inn, &c. Bar'my, a. containing barm Bam, s. a storehouse for com, &c. Bar'nacle, a. a marine shell-fish which ad¬ heres to wood, &c.; a kind of goose Bam'door, s. the door of a bam Barom'eter, s. an instrument to indicate the weight of the atmosphere Baromet'rical, a. relating to a barometer Barometrically, ad. by means of a ba¬ rometer Bar'on, s. a Trank in 'nobility next to a viscount; two sirloins of beef Bar'onage, a. the dignity of a baron; the peerage Baroness, a. a baron’s lady Baronet, s. the lowest hereditary title Baronetcy, s. the dignity of a baronet Bar'onetage, s. the whole body of baronets Baro'nial, a. relating to a baron or barony BaTony, s. the possessions of a baron; Barou'che, s. a kind of open coach Barracan, s. a strong thick kind of camlet Barrack, s. building to quarter soldiers in BaTrack-master, s. the superintendent of soldiers’ barracks Barrel, a. a cask, hollow cylinder or tube; part of a gun; 36 gallons of ale or beer Barreled, o. having a barrel, or packed in one Barren, a. unfruitful, unmeaning, dull Barrenly, ad. unfruJtfully Barrenness, s. sterility, want of invention Barrica'de, v. a. to secure a place, to fortify Barricade, Barrica'do, a. a fortification, an obstruction, a bar to prevent admittance Barrier, a. a boundary, a defence Barring out, s. the locking of a school¬ master out of the school by the boys Barrister, s. pleader at the bar, advocate Barrow, s. a small hand or wheel car¬ riage ; an ancient burial mound; a hog Bar snot, a. bar with half a ball at each end Barter, v. a. to give anything in exchange — s. the art or practice of trafficking Barterer, s. he that exchanges goods Bar'ytone, s. a male voice, ranging be¬ tween the base and the tenor; (in Gram¬ mar), a word unaccented on the last syllable Basalt', s. a hard rock, of igneous origin, •which frequently assumes the appear¬ ance of jointed columns Basalt'ic, a. relating to basalt Basalt'iform, s. in the form of basalt Base, a. foundation of anything; a rustic play; the pedestal of a statue— a. vile, mean, low; metal below the standard; (in Music) deep, grave— v. a. to found Ba'se-born, a. vile; of low parentage Ba'seless, a. without foundation Ba'sely, ad. in a base manner; meanly Ba'sement, s. the lowest part of a building, the ground floor Ba'se-mi'nded, a. mean-spirited Ba'se-mi'ndedly, ad. with baseness ofmind Ba'se-mi'ndedness, s. meanness of spirit Ba'seness, s. vileness, meanness; bastardy Ba'sesouled, Ba'sespiriited, a. cowardly, mean Bashaw', a. a Turkish governor; an over¬ bearing man Bash'ful, a. timid, modest, coy, shamefaced Bash'fully, ad. modestly, timorously Bash'fulness, s. appearance of modesty Bas'd, 5. a plant; the edge of a joiner’s tool; a kind of leather— v. a. to grind a tool Bas'ilisk, s. a fabulous kind of serpent, a cockatrice Ba'sin, s. a small vessel for water; a dock where ships float in safety; a small pond Ba'sis. s. [Lat.], the base or foundation of anything Bask, v. n. to lie in the heat of sun or fire Bask'et, a. a vessel made of twigs or rushes Bask'et-hilt, s. a latticed guard to a sword, enveloping the whole hand Bask'et-hilted, a. with a basket-hilt Bask'etwoman, s. a market woman Bas-relie'f, or Bas'so-relie'vo, s. [Ital.], sculpture which is but slightly raised above the background Bass, a. a kind of mat; (in Music), the low¬ est part of a harmonized composition, the deepest male voice Bas'set, s. a game at cards Bas'set-hom, a. a musical instrument of the clarionet kind Bas'sinet, s. a child’s cradle Bass'mat, Bast'mat, a. matting formed of the liber, or inner bark of trees Bassoo'n, s. a musical wind instrument Bassoo'nist, a. a performer on the bassoon. Bass-vi'ol, a. a musical instrument Bas'tard, s. a child bom out of wedlock— a. illegitimate; spurious; not genuine Bas'tardism, $. the state of a bastard Bas'tardize, v. to declare a child illegiti¬ mate Bas'tardly, ad. spuriously, suppositiously Bas'tardy, a. state of being illegitimate Baste, v. a. to beat; to pour butter on meat whilst roasting; to sew slightly BUILDING IS A PASTIME THAT MEN PAY DEAR FOR. 87 BEAUTY AND CHASTITY ARE APT TO HAVE A MORTAL QUARREL BETWEEN THEM, begin your web properly, and god will supply you with thread JEWARE of the geese when the fox preaches. bas] 'gn ISnlargrt? iSngltsf) SUctionarth Basti'le, s. a prison, a dungeon, a gaol Bastina'de, Bastina'do, s. act of beating with a cudgel— v. a. to inflict a beating Ba'sting, s. act of beating with a stick; a rough sewing together Bas'tion, s. a projecting work defending the walls of a fortress; a bulwark, a fortress Bat, s. a club to strike a ball with; a wing¬ ed animal somewhat resembling a mouse — v. n. to play with or manage a bat Batch, s. a quantity made or baked at once Bate, v. to lower the price ; to cheapen ; to deduct, or except Bat'-fowling, s. bird-catching in the night Bat’ll, s. a place to bathe in; the title of an order of knighthood Bathe, v. a. to wash in a bath Ba'ther, s. one who bathes Ba'thing, s. immersion, washing, foment¬ ation Ba'thos, s. [Gr.] (in Rhetoric),the employ¬ ment of a style below the dignity of the subject-matter of a discourse Bat'let, s. a little bat for beating linen Bat'on, Batoo'n, s. a staff; a marshal’s truncheon Bats'man, s. one who uses a bat, in play Batta'lia, s. battle-array, order of battle Battal'ion, s. a body of from 500 to 800 foot-soldiers Bat'ten, s. a narrow board; a scantling— v. to fatten, to fertilize, to grow fat; to I case a wall with lath and plaster Ba'ttening, s. lath-and-plaster casing to a wall Bat'ter, s. a mixture of flour, eggs, milk, and salt— v. to beat, bruise, beat down Ba tterer, s. one who batters Bat'tering-ram, s. a military engine, for¬ merly used to batter down walls Bat'tery, s. a number of guns, with or without a parapet, in position; a num¬ ber of electric jars or cells brought into action together Bat'tle, s. a fight— v. «. to contend in fight Bat'tle-array', s. a form or order of battle Bat'tleaxe, s. a weapon like an axe Bat'tledoor, s. a flat instrument used to strike shuttlecocks with Battlement, s. a wall with embrasures; a breastwork Battol'ogy, s. (in Rhetoric), a needless re¬ petition of words Battue', s. [Fr.], a wholesale slaughter of game Bau'blc, s. a trifle, a ti’inket, a plaything Bav'in, s. a bundle of small wood, a faggot Bawd, s. a procurer, or procuress— v. n.to procure unchastely Bawd'ily, ad. obscenely ; lewdly Bawd'iness, Bawd'ry, s. obsceneness or lewdness Bawd'y, a. unchaste, foul, lewd Bawl, v. to call out, cry out, to speak loud Baw'ler, s. one who makes an outcry Baw'ling, s. the act of loudly calling Bay, s. a small gulf - a tree— a. inclining to a chestnut colour—®, to bark as a deg Bay'onet, s. a dagger fixed to a musket— v. a. to stab with a bayonet Bayou', s. a narrow creek Bays, s. pi. an honorary crown or garland Bay'-salt, s. salt made from sea-water ex¬ posed to the sun Bay'-tree,s. a kind of laurel 69 [bea Bay'-win'dow, s. a window jutting out¬ ward Bazaar', Bazar', s. [Pers.], a market-place; a place where goods are sold at stalls Be, v. n. to have existence, to exist ("coast Beach, s. the sea-shore, the strand, the Bea'ched, a. driven on shore Bea'chy, a. having a beach or strand Bea'con,s. a signal by fire made from an eminence, or from a vessel, to warn against danger Bead, s. a small perforated ornament, of which necklaces and rosaries are made; the sight on a gun-barrel Bea'dle, s. an inferior officer in a parish, university, or trading company Bea'dleship", s. the office of a beadle Bea'droll, s. See Bederoll Bea'dsman, s. See Bedesman Bea'gle, s. a small hound to hunt hares Beak, s. the bill of a bird; a promontory Bea'ked, a. having a beak ■ pointed Bea'ker, s. a kind of drinking glass Beam, s. the principal piece of timber which supports a building; the balance of a pair of scales; ray of light; pole of a chariot;— v. n. to emit rays or beams Bea'ming, a. radiant Bea'mless, a. yielding no ray of light Bea'my,fl. radiant; shining; resplendent Bean, s. a well-known kind of pulse Bear, s. a rough, savage animal; a rude, unpolished man ; the name of two con¬ stellations—®. to carry a load, to support, to keep from falling ; to carry m re ¬ membrance ; to endure; to press; to be fruitful Bea'rable, a. endurable Bea'rably, ad. endurably Bea'r-baiting, s. baiting bears with dogs Beard, s. hair which grows on the chin and lips; barb of an arrow or hook— v. a. to take by the beard, oppose to one’s face Be'arded, a. having a beard; barbed Be'ardless, a. having no beard; youthful Be'ardlessness, s. state of being 'without a beard Bea'rer, s. a person employed as the car¬ rier of anything; a supporter Bea'r-garden, s. anyplace of tumult Bea'rherd, Be'arward, s. a man that tends bears Bea'ring, s. situation of any place, both as to distance and direction; gesture Bea'rish, a. having the qualities of a bear Bea'rlike, a. resembling a bear; rude Bea'rsfoot, s. a species of hellebore Bea'rsgrease, s. a preparation of animal fat used for the hair Beast, s. an irrational animal; a brutal man Be'astlike, Be'astly, a. nasty, filthy, ob¬ scene Be'astliness.'s. brutality, vulgarity Beat, t\ to strike ; to conquer; to throb— s. a stroke; a pulsation; a regular Avalk Be'aten, a. trodden, frequented Be'ater, s. one who beats or strikes Beatif'ic, Beatifical, a. blissful, able to make blessed, belonging to the happy Beatif'ically, ad. blissfully; heavenly Beatification, s. (amongst Roman Catho¬ lics,) a preparatory step to canonization Bcat'ify, v. to bless with celestial enjoy¬ ment Be'ating, s. correction by blows; act of proving inferior BETTER ARE SMALL FISH THAN AN EMPTY DISH- HAD AS IT IS TO BE. FAWNED UTON, IT IS BETTER TUAN TO BE BITTEN. BE SLOW IN CHOOSING A FRIEND, BUT SLOWER IN CHANGING BE JUST, BUT TRUST NOT EVERY ONE. bea] 2£nlargtti iSngltsf) IMctfonarg. [beg Beat'itude, s. blessedness, happiness, fe¬ licity ; the pronunciation of a blessing Beau, s. [Fr.], a fop, a man of dress Beau-ide'al, s. [Fr.], ideal model of per¬ fection Beau'ish, a. foppish; dressed showily Beau-mon'de,s. [Fr.],the fashionable world Beau'teous, a. fair, elegant, beautiful Beau'teously, ad. in a beauteous manner Beau'teousness, Beau'tifulness, s. beauty, loveliness Beau'tifier, s. that which beautifies Beau'tiful, a. elegant in form and feature Beau'tifully, ad. in a beautiful manner Beau'tify, v. a. to adorn, to embellish Beau'ty, s. elegance, grace, loveliness, charmingness; a beautiful person Beau'ty-spot, s. a black patch ; a foil Bea'ver, s. an amphibious animal much hunted for his fur; a hat made of this fur; the part of a helmet which covers the face Bea'vered, a. wearing a beaver Bea'verteen, s. a kind of fustian cloth Beca'lm, v. a. to still the elements; to keep a ship from motion; to quiet the mind Beca'lmed, a. left at rest Becalming, s. a calm at sea Becau'se, conj. on this account; for Bechan'ce, v. a. to befall; to happen Becha'rm, v. a. to captivate Beck, s. a sign with the hand or head, nod Beck'on, v. n. to make a sign with the hand Beclou'd, v. a. to dim; to make dull Becom'e, v. n. to be fit, to be suitable to the person; to enter into some state Becoming, a. graceful, pleasing, elegant Becomingly, ad. in a becoming manner Becom'ingness, s. propriety, suitableness Becrip'ple, v. a. to make lame Bed, 8. a place to sleep on; a garden-plat in which seeds are sown; the channel of a river; a layer, a stratum Bed, v. a. to place in a bed; to cohabit Bedab'ble, t>. a. to besprinkle, to wet Bedarikened, a. made dark [spatter Bedash', v. a. to throw water on; to be- Bedau'b, v. a. to daub, to besmear Bedaz'zle, v. a. to dim the sight by a light too brilliant Bed'cliamber, i. a room to sleep in Bed'clothes, s. the coverings of a bed [bed Bed'ded, a. placed in a bed, made into a Bed'ding, s. materials belonging to a bed Bedeck', v. a. to deck, adorn, embellish Be'de-house, a. an hospital or alms-house Be'del, s. See Beadle [persons Be'deroll, s. list of benefactors, or eminent Be'desman, Be'deswoman, 8. inmates of an alms-house Bedevil, v. to throw into utter confusion Bedew', v. a. to moisten gently as with dew Bed'fellow, s. one lying in the same bed Bed'-hangings, s. pi. the curtains to a bed Bedi'ght, a. adorned, dressed Bedim', v. a. to make dim Bedi'zen, v. a. to dress out gaily Bed'lam ? s. an hospital for lunatics Bedlamite, s. a madman, a noisy person Bed'maker, s. a person whose office it is to make the beds Bed'mate, a. a bedfellow Be'douin, s. an Arab Bed'post, *• the post of a bedstead Bed'presser, s. a heavy lazy fellow Bcdrag'gle, v. a. to trail in the dirt 1 Bedrench', v. a. to drench; to saturate Bed'rid, Bed'ridden, a. confined to bed by sickness or age Bed'room, s. a bedchamber Bed'rite, s. privilege of the marriage bed Bedrop', v. a. to besprinkle Bcdsi'de, s. the side of the bed Bed'stead, s. frame which supports a bed Bed'time, s. the hour of rest Beduck', v. a. to put under water Bedwa'rf, v. a. to make little Bed'work, s. work easily performed Bee, s. the insect which produces honey Bee'-bread, s. the pollen of flowers collect¬ ed by bees, as food for their young Beech, Beech'-tree, a. a large forest tree Beech'en, a. made of beech wood Beech'-mast, a. the nuts of the beech Beech'-nut, a. the fruit of the beech Beech'-oil,s. oil expressed from beech-nuts Bee'-eater, s. a bird that feeds upon bees Beef, s. the flesh of an ox, bull, or cow Beef'-eater, Buffetie'r [Fr.], s. a yeoman of the guard Bee'-flower, s. an orchis whose flower re¬ sembles a bee Beef'-steak, s. a slice of beef for broiling Bee'hive, a. the case in which bees are kept Bee'master, s. a proprietor of bees Beer, $. a liquor made of malt and hops Beer'-barrel, s. a barrel for holding beer Beeri-house, Beer'-shop, s', a place w'here beer is sold Bees'wax, s. wax formed by bees Beet, a. a sweetish esculent root, of great value in agriculture Bee'tle, s. an insect; a large heavy mallet —v. to hang over as a cliff Bee'tle-browed, a. having a prominent Bee'tle-headed, a. dull, stupid [brow Bee'tle-stock, s. the handle of a beetle Bee'tling, a. overhanging; suspending Beeves, s. pi. black cattle, oxen Befall', v. n. to happen, to come to pass— v. a. to happen to any one Befit', v. a. to be suitable to, to suit Befit'ting, a. appropriate, suitable Befit'tingly, ad. suitably, fitly Befool', v. a. to lead into an error Befo're, prep, not behind; in advance of; in the presence of; prior to, sooner Befo'recited, a. appealed to or quoted al¬ ready Befo'rehand, ad. in a state of anticipation Befo'remen'tioned, a. mentioned already Befo'retime, ad. formerly, of old time Befou'l, v. a. to soil, to dirty, to make foul Befriend', v. a. to favour, to be kind to Befrin'ge, v. a. to decorate with fringes Befurired, a. clothed in furs Beg, v. a. to ask alms, entreat, petition Beget', v. a. to generate, to produce Beget'ter, s. he that procreates Beg'gar, s. one who lives by begging— r. a. to reduce to beggary, to impoverish Beg'garliness, s. beggary Beg'garly, a. in want, stingy— ad. meanly Beg'garman, Beg'gar woman, s. one who lives by begging Beg'gary, s. great w'ant, indigence, po- Beg'ging, s. the asking of alms [ verty Begin', v. to enter upon, to commence Begin'ner, s. one who is commencing any¬ thing BE TIMELY WISE RATHER THAN WISE IN TIME. 89 BE ALWAYS MOKE .READY TO FORGIVE TUAN TO RETURN AN INJURY BY GOOD-NATURE HALF THE MISERY OF HUMAN LIFE MIGHT BE ASSUAGED. BEWARE OF BOSOM SINS. beg] ‘B.n lEnlargrtf lEngltsf) Btcttonanj. [ben Begin'ning, a. the first wriginal or cause, toe first part, rudiments or first ground Begird', v. a. to gird, bind round, shut up Begon'e, interj. get away! go hence! Begre'ase, v. a. to soil with fat matter Begri'me, v. a. to soil, to dirty with soot Begrud'ge, v. a. to envy the possession of Begui'le, v. a. to cheat, to impose on, to amuse, to deceive pleasingly, to evade Begui'lement, a. act of beguiling Begui'ler, a. one who beguiles Begui'ling, a. delusive, leading astray Beguilingly, ad. so as to beguile Behalf, 5 . favour, support, vindication Beha've, v. n. to demean, act, conduct Beha'viour, a. conduct, course of life Behead', v. a. to cut off the head Behead'ing, s. the cutting otf of the head Behest', a. a command, order, precept Behi'nd, prep, at the back or, following another, remaining after another Behindhand, ad. late in time; in arrears Beho'ld, v. a. to look upon—interj. see! lo! Beho'lden, a. obliged, bound in gratitude Beho'lder, s. a spectator Behoo'f, a. profit, advantage Behoo've, Beho've, v. n. to be fit, become Be'ing, a, existence; a particular state or condition; the person existing Eela'bour, v. a. to beat soundly, to thump Bela'ce, v. a. to fasten; a sea term , Bela'ted, a. benighted, late out Belay', v. a. to-lay wait for; (with sea¬ men), to make fast a rope Belch, v. n. to eructate; to cast forth vio- Bel'ching, s. eructation [lently Befdam, s. a hag, a scolding woman Bele'aguer, v. a. to besiege, to block up Bele'aguerer, s. one who beleaguers Bel'fry, a. a bell tower Bel'gian, s. a native of Belgium—a. relat¬ ing to Belgium Bel'gic, a. pertaining to the Belgians Beli'e, v. a. to slander, to misrepresent Belie'f, s. persuasion, opinion; creed Belie've, v. to credit, trust, think true Belie'vable, a. credible Belie'ver, a. one who gives credence or trust to; a professor of Christianity Belie'vingly, ad. in a believing manner] Beli'ke, ad. probably, perhaps, likely Bell, s. a hollow sounding metallic vessel — v. a. to put a bell on any one Belle, a. [Fr.], a young lady who is admired for her beauty Bell'ed, a. hung about with bells Belles-lett'res, a. pi. [Fr.], polite literature Bell'-fashioned, a. of the form of a bell Bell'-flower, a. the name of several plants, whose flowers are bell-shaped Bell'-founder, a. one who casts bells Bell'-foundry, a. a foundry for bells Bell'-hanger, s. one who fixes bells Bellicose, a. inclined for war Belli'gerent, s. a state carrying on war— a. waging war Bell'ing, a. the noise made by deer at cer¬ tain seasons Bell'man, a. a town-crier Bell'-metal, a. a mixture of copper and tin Bel'low, v. n. to roar like a bull; to cla¬ mour—s. a loud roar Bel'lower, a. one who bellows Bellowing, a. loud noise; roaring [fire Bellows, a. pi. an instrument to blow the Bel'lows-maker, s. a maker of bellows 50 Bell'pull, a. a means of sounding a house- bell Bell'ringer, a. one who rings church bells Bell'rope, a. a rope for ringing bells with Bell'shaped, a. in the form of a bell Bel'luine, a. beastly; brutal; savage Bell'-wether, a. a sheep which leads the flock with a bell on his neck Belly, a. the lower part of the body Bellyache, a. the colic Bel'lyband, a. the girth which fastens the saddle of a horse in harness Bellyful, a. as much food as fills the belly Bel'lygod, a. a glutton; a gourmand Bellying, a. swelling out, protuberant Belly-pinched, a. suffering from hunger Bel'ly-slave, a. a slave to the appetite Belong', v. n. to appertain to, to be the property of, to have relation to Belov'ed, a. greatly loved, valued much Below', ad. lower m place, inferior Belt, a. a girdle, a sash— v. a. to encircle Bel'ted, a. wearing a belt or baudrick Bel'vedere, a. [Ital.], a chamber construct ed for the sake of the prospect Bemask', v. a. to hide, to conceal Bemi're, v. a. to soil, to daub with mire Bemo'an, v. a. to lament, to bewail Bemo'aner, a. one who laments Bemock', v. n. to deride; to laugh at Bemo'um, v. a. to weep over; to bewail Bemu'sed, a. stultified from over-musing Bench, a. a seat to sit on; a tribunal of justice; justices sitting on the bench Ben'cher, a. a senior in the inns of court Bend, a. a curve ; a crook— v. a. to crook, to bow; to subdue— v. tu to bow, to be Ben'dable, a. that may be bent [crooked Ben'der. a. one who bends Bene'atn, prep, under, lower in place, in¬ ferior to, unworthy of Ben'edict, a. a man newly married Benedic'tine, a. a monk of the order of St Benedict Benedic'tion, a. a blessing; an acknow¬ ledgment for blessings received Benefac'tion, a. a charitable gift, the con¬ ferring of a benefit Benefac'tor, Benefac'tress, a. one who does acts of kindness; a patron Ben'efice, a. a church living Ben'eficed, a. having church preferment Beneficence, a. generosity, active good¬ ness Beneficent, a. kind, obliging, doing good Beneficently, ad. in a beneficent manner Benefi'cial, a. advantageous, useful Benefi'cially, ad. advantageously Benefi'cialness, t. usefulness Benefi'ciary, a. one who holds a benefice— a. holding a benefice Ben'efit, a. kindness, advantage, use— v. n. to gain advantage by— v. a. to do good to Benev'olence, a. disposition to do good; charity Benev'olent, a. kind, good, affectionate Benev'olently, ad. in a kind manner Benga'l, a. a slight Indian cotton stuff [gal Bengalee, a. the language spoken in Ben- Bengale'se, a. a native or natives of Bengal Bem'ght, v. a. to involve in darkness Bcni'ghted, a. overtaken by the night; in darkness Beni'gn, a. kind, generous, wholesome Benig'nant, a. kind; gracious ; good Benig'nity, a. graciousness, kindness BETRAY NO TRUST ; DIVULGE NO SECRET. BY READING WE ENRICH THE MIND, BY CONVERSATION WE POLISH IT- BEAUTY IS NO LONGER AMIABLE TITAN "WHILE VIRTUE ADORNS IT. BOUNTY IS MORE COMMANDED THAN IMITATED. ben] %n lEnlargctt lEngltsij ©tcttonarn. [bia Beni'gnly, ad. kindly, graciously Bent, s. flexure; inclination, disposition, fixed purpose Bent'-grass, s. a kind of grass Benumiy, v. a. to make torpid, to stupify Benum'bedness, s. state of being benumb- Benumb'ment, s. act of benumbing [ed Ben'zoin, a. gum benjamin, a medicinal kind of resin ; • Bepaint', v. a. to cover with paint Bepinch', v. a. to mark with pinches Bepla'ster, v. a. to cover as with plasters BepowMer, v. a. to sprinkle over with powder Beprai'se, v. a. to praise greatly [colour Bepur'ple, v. a. to dye with a purple Beque'ath, v. a. to give by will, to leave Beque'ather, s. one who leaves by will Bequest', s. something left by will Bequo'te, v. to quote often Bera'te, v. a. to chide vehemently; to scold Bere'ave, v. a. to deprive of; to take away Bere'aved, a. deprived of Bere'avement, s. deprivation; great loss Bere'aver, s. one who takes away Ber'gamot, s. a kind of pear; an essence 01 perfume; a scented snuff Berhy'me, v. a. to mention in rhyme Berlin', s. a vehicle, a kind of chariot Ber'nardines, a. pi. an order of monks, named from St Bernard Ber'ried, a. furnished with berries [seeds Ber'ry, a. a small pulpy fruit containing Berth, s. a room or a sleeping place on board a ship; a ship’s station when at anchor; any office or employment— v. to place a ship in deep anchorage Ber'yl, s. precious stone of a greenish cast Ber'ylline, a. like a beryl; of a pale green Besera'wl, v. a. to scrawl over Bescree'n, v. a. to shelter; to conceal Bescrib'ble, v. a. to scribble over Besee'ch,®. a. to beg, to entreat, to implore Besee'cher, a. he who makes request Besee'm, v. n. to become, to befit Besee'ming, s. comeliness Besee'mingly, ad. in a becoming manner Besee'mingness, a. becomingness Besee'mly, a. fit; becoming; suitable Beset', v. a. to waylay, to perplex, to harass Beset'ting, a. habitually attending Beshrew' v. a. to curse, to happen ill to Beshrou'aed, a. enveloped Besi'de, Besi'des, prep, over and above, near; moreover Besie'ge, v. a. to surround, to lay siege to Besie'ged, a. beset or surrounded Besie'ger, a. one employed in a siege Besie'ging, a. besetting, surrounding Besla'ver, v. a. to wet with saliva; to flat¬ ter grossly Beslobber, Besme'ar, v. a. to soil, to daub or smear over Bestne'arer, s. he who soils anything Besmir'ch, v. a. to besmear or besmut Besmo'ked, a. smoke-dried Besmut', v. a. to blacken with smut BesnufP, v. a. to foul with snuff Bes'om, a. a broom— v. a. to sweep Besort 7 , v. a. to suit; to fit; to become Besot', v. a. to infatuate, to stupefy with liquor Besot'ted, a. infatuated Besot'tedly, ad. as if besotted [ation Besot'tedness, s. arrant stupidity; infatu- Besot'tingly, ad. so as to Btupefy Bespan'gle, v. a. to decorate with spangles Bespat'ter, v. a. to splash with dirt; to slander, to asperse with reproach Bespe'ak, v. a. to order, to address, to show Bespe'aker, s. one who bespeaks Bespe'aking, s. previous address or apology Bespec'kle. v. a. to mark "with speckles Bespot', v. a. to mark with spots, to varie- Bespread', v. a. to spread over [gate Besprin'kle, v. a. to sprinkle over Best, a. most good, most preferable Bestai'n, v. a. to stain Bes'tial, a. like a beast, brutish, carnal Bestial'ity, s. the quality of beasts Bes'tialize, v. a. to make like a beast Bes'tially, ad. as a beast Bestir', v. a. to move quickly, to hasten Bestow 7 , v. a. to apply, to confer upon Bestow'al, Bestow'ment, s. disposal Bestow'er, s. a giver; a disposer Bestrew 7 , v. a. to strew or scatter about Bestri'de, v. a. to get across anything Bestud', v. a. to adorn with studs Bet, s. a wager— v. a. to lay a wager Beta'ke, v. a. to take, to have recourse to Bethink', v.n. to recollect, to reflect Beti'de, v. n. to happen, to befall, to come Beti'mes, ad. early, soon, seasonably Beto'ken, v. a. to signify, to foreshow Bet'ony, s. the name of a plant Betoss', v. a. to toss about; to agitate Betray', v. a. to deliver up treacherously; to divulge a secret, to discover Betray'al, Betray'ment, s. act of betraying Betray'er, s. a traitor; one that betrays Betrim', v. a. to dress; to adorn ; to deck Betro'th, v. a. to give or receive a contract of marriage; to affiance Betro'thment, s. a mutual promise of mar¬ riage Bet'ter, a. superior, improved, more good —v. a. to improve, correct, advance— s. one who bets Bet'tering,Bet'termcnt,s. act of improving Bet'terness, s. superiority in excellence Bet'ters, s. pi. our superiors Bet'ting, s. the act of making a wager Bet'ting man, s. one that lays wagers Betum'bled, a. disordered in dress and ap¬ pearance Betwee'n, Betwixt', prep, in the middle BeYel, s. a rule by which angles may be drawn; an obtuse or acute angle— a. oblique— v. a. to cut to a bevel angle or edge Bev'eling, a. slanting, tending to an angle — s. the forming of a bevel Bev'erage, s. drink, liquor to be drunk Bev'y, s. a flock of birds; a company Bewail v. a. to bemoan, to lament Bewailing, s. audible sorrow, lamentation Bewa're, v. n. to be cautious, take care of Eewil'der, v. a. to mislead, to puzzle Bewitch', v. a. to injure by witchcraft, to charm, to fascinate, to please irresistibly Bewitch'er, *. one who bewitches Bewitch'ery, Bewitch'ment, s. fascination Bewitching, a. alluring, fascinating Bewitch'ingly, ad. in an alluring manner Beyond', prep, farther onward than, re¬ mote from, on the farther side of, above Bez'el, s. that part of a ring in which the stone is fixed Bi'as, s. inclination, bent; a weight lodged on one side of a bowl; propension— v. a. to prejudice, to incline partially ' BEAR YOUR MISFORTUNES WITH FORTITUDE. 91 BELIEVE NOT ALL YOU HEAR, AND REPORT NOT ALL YOU BELIEVE BY SEEING THE BIAS AND PREJUDICES OF OTHERS, WE MAY BE LED TO CORRECT BUSINESS NEGLECTED, IS BUSINESS LOST. * O Pi o bib] ISnlargett lEnglisf) Btcttonari). [bir Bib, s. a small apron worn by children at meals Bib'ber, s. a tippler, a toper, a sot Bi'blc, s. the Sacred Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments Bib'lical, a. relating to the Bible Bib'lically, ad. in accordance with the Scriptures A , ,, Bib'licist, t. one learned in respect of the Bible Bibliog'rapher, s. one skilled in bibliogra- Bibhograph'ic, Bibliographical, a. relat¬ ing to bibliography Bibliog'raphy, s. the history, &c., of books Biblioma'nia, s. fondness for curious books Bibloma'niac, s. a zealous collector of rare books , , „ Bibiiopole, Bibliop'olist, s. a bookseller Bib'ulous, a. spongy, that absorbs Bice, s. a light blue pigment Bick'er, v. n. to quarrel, to wrangle Bick'erer, s. a skirmisher, a wrangler Biclc'ering, i a quan-el; skirmish Bicus'pid, a. having two points Bid, v. a. to command; to offer a price Bid'der, s. one who offers a price Bid'ding, s. a command, order, charge Bide, v. n. to dwell, to continue, to endure Bidet', s. [Fr.], a washing utensil Bi'ding, s. an abode, residence, stop, stay Bien'nial, a. continuing for two years Bien'nially, ad. every two years Bier, s. a frame on which the dead are car¬ ried to the grave . Bie'stings, s. the first milk after calving Biffin, s. a kind of apple, baked twice and flattened Bi'form, Bi'formed, a. having two forms. Biforimity, s. a double form Bifron'ted, a. having two fronts Bi'furcated, a. forked Bifurcation, s. division into two Big, a. large, great, swollen, pregnant Big'araist, s. one guilty of bigamy [at once Big'amy,s. having two wives or husbands Bight, s. a creek; a small bay; one round in a coil of rope Big'ness, s. bulk ; size ; dimensions Big'ot, s. a zealot, one devoted to a party Big'oted, a. irrationally zealous Big'otedly,a an act of parliament; an advertisement —v.a. to lass. Bill'-book, s. an account-book of bills of Bil'let, s.°a’small log of wood; a note, a letter, a small paper— v. a. to quarter soldiers Billet-dou'x, s. [Fr.], a love-letter Bil'liards, s. pi. a game played with balls and maces on a table Bil'lingsgate, s. foul language, ribaldry Billion, s. a million of millions Bil'low, s. a great wave of the sea— v. ». to rise and roll like huge waves Bil'lowy, a. swelling, like large waves Bin, s. a repository for wine, corn, &c. Bi'nary, Bi'nal, a. twofold, double Bi'nate, a. growing in pairs Bind, v. to confine with bonds, to oblige by stipulation; to contract Bi'nder, s. one who binds anything, par¬ ticularly books Bi'nding, s. the covering of books; a bandage— a. obligatory ; that obliges Bi'ndweed, s. a name of the convolvulus Bine, s. a name of the hop, or any climb¬ ing plant Bin'nacle, s. the box in which the compass of a ship is placed Bin'ocle, s. a telescope with two tubes, for looking at an object with both eyes Binoc'ular, a. having two eyes, or two tubes Biog'raplier, *. a writer of lives Biographic, Biographical, a. relating to biography Biographically, ad. in the manner of a biography Biog'raphy, «. a history of the life of any person Biol'ogy, s. the science which treats of the phenomena of life Bipartite, a. divided into two parts Biparti'tion, s. the act of dividing in two Bi'ped, s. an animal having only two feet Birch, s. a tree common in England; a rod Birch, Bir'chen, a. made of birch Bird, s. a name applied to all fowls—* v. a. to catch birds Bird'-bolt, s. an arrow for shooting birds Bird'cage, s. a cage to keep birds in Bird'-call, s. an instrument with which the notes of birds can be imitated Bird'-catclier, s. one who catches birds Bird'catching, s. the ait or practice of catching birds Birdlike, a. resembling a bird Birdlime, s. a viscous substance used to catch small birds with Bird'-organ, s. a small organ for teaching birds to sing certain tunes Bird'seve, a. resembling birds’ eyes Bird'seye view, s. one taken from above, as by a bird flying; a general view of a subject Bird’s-nest, s. the nest in which a bud rears its young t Bird'- witted, a. incapable of close attention Birth, s. the act of coming into life; line¬ age, extraction ; rank inherited by de¬ scent \ , Birth'day, s. the anniversary of the day on which one was bom Birtli'night, s. anniversary of one’s birth Birth'place, s. place where one was bom BE ACTIVE, FOR IDLENESS IS THE RUST OF THE MIND. 82 BE AS CARETUI OF THE FROFERTY OF OTHERS AS YOU WOULD OF YOUR OWN. ERAYE ACTIONS A HE THE SUBSTANCE OF LIFE, AND GOOD SAYINGS THE ORNAMENT OF IT. BY DOING NOTHING WE LEARN TO DO ILL. bib] 'gn lEnlargrtr lEngltsf) 29icttonarp. [bla Birth'right, a. the right or privilege to which a person is bom Bis'cuit, a. a kind of hard flat bread; a cake ; unglazed pottery Bisect', v. a. to divide into two equal parts Bisection,*, division into two equal parts Bish'op, a. a prelate, one of the highest order of the clergy, who has the spirit¬ ual government of a diocese Bish'opric, a. a diocese Bis'muth, a. a reddish white brittle metal Bi'son, a. a kind of wild ox Bissex'tile, a. leap-year ; every fourth year Bis'tre, a. a pigment made from soot Bis'tort. a. the plant also called snakeweed Bit, a. a'small piece of anything; the iron part of an auger; that part of the bridle which is put into the horse’s mouth Bitch, a. the female of the dog Bite, a. seizure by the teeth, a piece bitten from anything — v. a. to separate or pierce with the teeth; to cut; wound; cheat; trick Bi'ter, a. he who bites; a sharper ] Bi'ting, a. sharp, severe, acrid Bi'tingly, ad. sarcastically, reproachfully Bit'ted, a. having a bit in its mouth Bit'ter, a. hot, acrid, or biting to the taste; sharp, cruel, severe, keen, satirical Bit'terish, a. rather bitter Bit'terly, ad. with a bitter taste; severely Bit'tem, a. a bird of the heron kind Bit'terness, a. a bitter taste ; malice; grief Bit'ters, a. pi. a liquor in which bitter herbs have been steeped Bit'tersweet, a. the name of a kind ol nightshade Bitts, a. pi. a frame fixed in the fore-part of a ship on which to fasten the cables Bitu'men, a. a combustible mineral sub¬ stance, like asphalte or naphtha, &c. Bitu'minate, v. a. to impregnate with bitumen Bituminif'erous, a. producing bitumen Bitu'minous, a. compounded of bitumen Bi'valve, a. a molluscous animal, whose shell consists of two parts united by a hinge Biv'ouac, s. [Fr.], an encampment under arms, without tents— v. n. to rest forthe night under arms Biza'rre, a. [Fr.], fantastic, odd Blab, v. to tell a secret, to tell tales [erets Blab, Blab'ber, a. telltale; revealer of se- Black, a. dark, mournful, wicked— a. a negro ; a dark colour, mourning— v. to blacken Black'amoor, Black'moor, a. a moor or negro Black'-art, a. magic, witchcraft Black'ball, v. a. to reject by putting black balls into a ballot-box Black'bird, a. name of a common songbird Black'berry, a. the fruit of the bramble Black'-browed, a. gloomy, threatening Black'cap, a. a bird, also called the mock- nightingale Black'-cattle, a. oxen, as distinguished from other cattle Black'-cock, a. the heath-cock Black'en, v. a. to make black; to defame Black'ener, a. he who blackens anything Black'eyed, o. having black eyes Black'guard, a. a dirty fellow, a scoundrel Black'guardism,a. the conduct or language of a blackguard Black'ing, a. liquid, &c., for blacking shoes Black'ish, a. somewhat black Black'jack, a. an old-fashioned leathern bottle Black'-lead, a. plumbago Black'leg, a. a swindler, a low cheater Black'letter, a. old English letter Black'ly, ad. darkly, horribly Black'mail, a. payments made to robbers, in old time, to escape pillage Black'ness, a. a black colour ; atrocity Black'pudding, a. a pudding prepared with blood Black'-rod, a. the usher belonging to the Order of the Garter; usher of Parliament Black'sheep, a. a doubtful character Black'smith, a. a smith who works in iron Black'strap, a. any dark-coloured strong Black'thom, a. the sloe [drink Blad'der, a. urinary vessel ; bag ; pustule Blad'dered, a. swollen like a bladder Blad'dery, a. resembling a bladder Blade, a. the leaf of grass or com ; the cutting part of an instrument ; a stylish and impudent man Bla'debone, a. the scapular bone Blain, a. an ulcer, a blister Bla'mable, a. deserving censure ; faulty Bla'mableness, a. fault ; culpableness Bla'mably, ad. culpably Blame, a. imputation of a fault ; censure— v. a. to censure, to reproach Bla'meless, a. innocent, guiltless, upright Bla'melessly, ad. innocently ; without fault Bla'melessness, a. a state undeserving blame Bla'meworthy, a. culpable, blamable Blanch, v. to whiten, to obliterate ; to peel almonds Blan'cher, a. one who whitens or cleanses Blan'ching, a. whitening Blancma'nge, Blancma'nger, a. [Fr.], a jelly made of isinglass, milk, &c. Bland, a. soft, mild, gentle, kind Blandil'oquence, a. flattering speech Blan'dish, v. a. to smooth, to soften Blan'disher, a. an insinuating flatterer Blan'dishment, a. soft speeches, flattery Blank, a. avoid space; a disappointment— a. white, unwritten ; dull, confused Blan'kcartridge, a. cartridges without ball Blanket, a. a woollen cover for a bed Blanketing, a. cloth made for blankets Blankly, ad. in a blank manner Blankness, a. state of being blank Blank-verse, a. verse without rhyme Blare, v. to bellow; to roar Blar'ney, a. flattery, wheedling talk Blasphe'me, v. a. to speak blasphemy Blasphe'mer, a. one who speaks irreverent¬ ly of sacred things Blasphe'ming, a. the act of blasphemy Blas'phemous, a. impiously profane, very wicked Blas'phemously, ad. impiously, irreverent¬ ly Blas'phemy, a. impious and irreverent speech of sacred things Blast, a. a gust of wind, the sound of a trumpet—- v. a. to blight Blast'-fumace, a. a furnace for smelting ores, in which the heat is raised by a strong and constant stream of air Blast'ing, a. a blast or sudden explosion Blat'ter, v. n. to make a senseless noise Blat'tering, a. senseless noise BETTER TO SLIP WITH THE FOOT THAN THE TONGUE. 93 BETTER TO SUFFER WITHOUT CAUSE. THAN TO HAVE CAUSE FOR SUFFERING BETTER FACE A BANGER ONCE THAN BE EVER VIGILANT, BUT NEVER SUSPICIOUS. < W Pm in 5* < * < W ffl bla] Qn lEnlargett lEnglisI) IBtcttonarr?. [blo Blaze, a. a flame, the light of a flame; a white mark on a horse’s face— v. to flame; to publish, to blazon Bla'zing, a. emitting flame or light Bla'zing-star, a. a comet Bla'zori, Bla'zonry,a. the art of heraldry Bla'zon, v. a. to describe armorial bearings heraldically; to deck, to embellish; to make public; to celebrate Bla'zoner, a. a herald; an evil speaker Bleach, v. to whiten, grow white— s. the ground on which clothes are bleached Ble'acher, a. one who bleaches cloth Ble'achery, a. a place for bleaching Ble'aching, s. art of whitening cloth, &c. Bleak, a. cold; open; exposed—a. a small river fish Ble'akisli, a. moderately bleak; rather open Ble'akly, ad. in a chilly manner [wind Ble'akness, a. coldness; exposure to the Blear, a. watery, dim, obscure, weak Ble'aredness, s. the state of being bleared, or dimmed Ble'ar-eyed, a. having sore eyes; inflamed Bleat, v. n. to cry like a sheep— a. the cry of a sheep Ble'ating. a. the cry of lambs or sheep Bleed, v. to lose blood; let blood Blee'ding, a. a discharge of blood; blood¬ letting Blem'ish, a. a spot or stain— v. a. to defame Ble'mished, a. injured, stained, tarnished Blem'ishless, a. without blemish or spot Blench, v. n. to shrink or fly off Ble'nching, s. act of shrinking through fear Blend, v. a. to mix, to mingle, to confound Blend'er, a. one who mingles Bless, v. a. to wish or make another hap¬ py ; to praise; to consecrate Bless'ed, Blest, a. happy, tasting felicity Bless'edly, ad. in a felicitous manner Bless'ediiess, a. beatitude, felicity, joy Bless'er, s. one who gives a blessing Bless'ing, s. benediction, divine favour Blight, a. a disease incident to plants— v. a. to blast; to hinder growth; to spoil Bli'ghted, a. withered, blasted Bli'ghting, a. a blasting or withering Blind, a. dark, deprived of sight, obscure —a. anything which intercepts the sight, a screen; a pretence Bli'ndfold. v. a. to hinder from seeing—a. having the eyes covered Bli'nding, a. perverting from seeing Bli'ndly, ad. without sight; implicitly Bli'ndman’s-bufF, s. a game in which one who is blindfolded tries to catch others Bli'ndness, a. a want of sight; ignorance Bli'ndside, a. weakness; weak part Bli'nd-worm, a. a small harmless snake Blink, s. a wink or glance. See Ice-blink — v. n. to wink; to see obscurely— v. a. to evade as if not seeing Blin'kard, a. one who has weak eyes Blin'kers, a. pi. blinds to prevent a car¬ riage horse from seeing what it draws Bliss, a. blessedness, happiness, complete delight Bliss'ful, a. very happy, full of joy, glad Bliss'fully, ad. happily Bliss'fulness, a. happiness, fulness of joy Blis'ter, a. a bladder formed beneath the skin, and filled with a watery fluid; a plaster to raise a blister— v. to apply a blister; to rise in blisters Blithe, Bli'theful, Bli'thesome, a. gay, merry, sprightly Bli'thely, ad. in a blithe manner Bli'theness, Bli'thesomeness, a. quality of being blithe Bloat, v. n. to swell, to grow puffy Blo'atedness, a. turgidness, swelling Blo'ater, a. a herring very slightly salted and smoked Blob'berlip, a. a thick lip Block, a. a short thick piece of wood; a rough piece of marble; a wood engrav¬ ing ; an isolated mass of houses; a stupid fellow; a pulley— v. a. to shut up, to en¬ close Blocka'de, a. prevention of ingress or egress from a place by land or sea— v. to shut up a place with troops or ships so as to prevent all ingress or egress Block'head, s. a stupid person, a dunce Block'lieaded, Block'ish, a. stupid; dull Block'house, a. a building, or small fort, constructed of timber Block'ishness, a stupidity, dulness Blocklike, a. like a block, stupid Bloclc'tin, a. unadulterated or unwrought tin Blo'marv, Bloom'ery, a. a refining forge for iron Bloude, a. [Fr.], a fair-complexioned person Blond'lace, a. lace made of silk Blood, a. the red fluid that circulates through the bodies of animals; kindred, lineage; murder; angry passion Blood-guilt'iness, a. murder Blood'-heat, a. the temperature of blood Blood'horse, a. a horse of high breeding Blood'hound, a. a kind of dog, remarkable for its keen scent Blood'ied, a. stained with blood Blood'ily, ad. in a bloody manner; cruelly Bloodiness, a. the state'of being bloody Bloodless, a. without blood; heartless Blood'lessly, ad. without shedding blood Blood'letter, a. a phlebotomist Bloodletting, a. the act of opening a vein Blood'pudding, a. See Blackpudding Blood'-red. a. red as blood Blood'shea, a. murder, slaughter Blood'shedder, a. a murderer Blood'shedding, a. the shedding of blood Blood'shot, a. filled with blood; inflamed Blood'stained, a. stained with blood Blood'stone, a. a green kind of agate, spot¬ ted with red Blood'sucker, a. a leech; a cruel man Blood'sueking/i. that sucks or draws blood Biood'thiraty, a. addicted to bloodshed Blood'vessel, a. a vein or artery Blood'warm, a. lukewarm Blood'y, a. stained with blood; sanguinary Blood'y-minded, a. cruel; implacable Bloom, a. the blossom or flower of a plant; the prime of life; a flush of health and youth on the cheek; the blue on freshly f athered plums, &c.; a mass of iron aking from the puddling furnace— v. n. to produce blossoms; to be in the beauty of youth Bloo'ming, a. flowery; youthful Bloo'mingly, ad. in a blooming manner Blos'som, a. the flower of a plant— v. n. to put forth blossoms Blos'soming, a. the flowering of plants Blot, a. a blur, a spot— v. to disgrace, stain Blotch, a. an eruption on the skin 94 BETTER TO DO WELL LATE THAN NEVER. BY LEARNING TO OBEY "WE KNOW 1IOW TO COMMAND BE MINDFUL OF THINGS PAST, AND PROVIDENT OF THINGS TO COME. BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER. blo] lEnlargttt 1£ngltsf) Btctumarp. [boi Blot'ter. s. anything to take off superflu¬ ous ink from writing Blotting-paper, s. paper unsized, used for removing superfluous ink from writing Blouse, s. a light linen coat or jacket Blow, s. a stroke; a sudden event—®. to pant or breathe hard; to put forth flow¬ ers; to sound a wind instrument; to drive by wind; to fashion glass into any shape Blow'er, s. one who blows; that which quickens the draft in a chimney Bio w'-fly, s. the common b'ue-bottle fly Blow'-pipe, s. a tube used to intensify the heat of flame so as to melt metals, glass, &c. Blow'zy, a. sunburnt, ruady-faced Blub'ber, s. the fat of the whale, &c.—v. to swell the cheeks with weeping Blud'geon, s. a short thick stick to he used as a weapon of offence Blu'e, a. sky-coloured— v. «. to make blue Blu'eblood, s. aristocratic birth Blu'ebottle, s. a common field-flower; a kind of house-fly Bluedev'ils, s. melancholy, despondency Blu'e-eyed, a. having blue eyes Blu'e-light, s. a kind of signal fire Blu'ely, ad. with a blue colour Blu'emantle, s. one of the pursuivants at arms of the Heralds’ College Blu'eness, s. the quality of being blue Blue-pe'ter, s. the signal flag for sailing Blu'estocking, s. a lady devoted to litera¬ ture Blu'e-veined, a. having blue veins or Blu'ey, a. rather blue [streaks Bluff, s. a high and steep inland bank—a. stem, blustering, looking big Bluff'ness, s. surliness; roughness of man¬ ner Blu'ish, a. blue in a small degree Blu'ishness, s. a small degree of blue colour Blun'der, s. a mistake, a careless error— v. n. to mistake grossly; to err carelessly Blun'derbuss, s. a short wide-mouthed gun to discharge many bullets at a time Blu'nderbuss, Blun'derer, Blun'derhead, s. a stupid fellow who commits blunders Plundering, a. ridiculously erring Blunderingly, ad. in a blundering manner Blunt, a. dull, rough, rude, unpolite, ab¬ rupt— v. a. to dull the point or edge Blunt'ly, ad. rudely, plainly', roughly i Blunt'ness, s. a want of edge; rudeness Blunt'witted, a. dull; stupid Blur, s. a spot, imperfection— v. a. to blot Blurt, v. a. to blab out, speak heedlessly Blush, v. «. to be suddenly suffused with a red colour in the cheeks— s. red or pur¬ ple colour; sudden appearance Blush'fully, ad. with blushes, modestly Blushless, a. impudent, past blushing Blus'ter, v. n. to roar, hector, swagger Blus'terer, s. a noisy person: a swaggerer Blus'tering, s. tumult; noise Blus'trous, a. noisy,tumultuous Bo, inter), used to’frighten children Bo'a, s. a large species of serpent; a fur tippet worn round the neck Boar, 8. the male of swine Board, s. a flat piece of wood; a court or council—®, to cover with boards; to enter a ship by force; to live with a family for payment, to keep a lodger for payment Bo'arder, *. one who lives in another’s fa¬ mily for payment; one who has to fight his way on board a hostile ship Bo'ardiag, s. covering with boards; the i boards used to cover with; the act of fighting one’s way on board a ship Bo'arding-school, s. a school in which the pupils live with the teacher Board-wa'ges, *. an allowance for victuals Boast, s. a proud speech, a brag, a bounce —v. to brag, to glory in, to exult Bo'aster s. a braggart, a puffer, a swag- Bo'astful, a. proud, haughty, vain [gerer Bo'asting, s. an expression of ostentation Bo'astingly, ad. ostentatiously, vainly Boat. s. a small vessel used on rivers, &c. Bo'at-hook, s. a hook fixed to a long pole, used to push or pull a boat Bo'ating, s. practice of navigating a boat Bo'atman, Bo'atsman, s. manager of a boat Bo'at-rope, s. a rope to fasten a boat; the painter Bo'at-shaped, a. shaped like a boat Bo'atswain, s. the petty officer of a ship who has charge of the boats, &c., and overlooks the men in their duties Bob, s. any little loosely hung pendant; the weight of a carpenter’s level, or of a pendulum; a jerking nod— v. to dodge, to cheat, to dangle Bob'bin, s. a small wooden spool on which thread is wound Bob'bin work, s. work woven-with bobbins Bob'cherry, s. a child’s game, in which a cherry is hung up, and has to be caught in the mouth Bob'stays, s. ropes to confine a'.ship’s bow¬ sprit downwards Bob'tail, s. a short tail; the rabble Bob'tailed, a. having the tail cut short Bode, v. a. to foreshow, portend Bod'ice, s. a sort of stays for women Bod'ied, a. See Embodied [pure Bod'iless, a. without a body; spiritual; Bod'ily, a. relating to the body; actual; real Bod'kin, s. a large and blunt kind of needle Bod'y,s. the human or animal organism; matter as opposed to spirit; a person; a collective mass; a corporation—®, a. to embody Bod'y-clothes, s. clothing for the body Bod'y-guard, s. the king’s personal guard Body-politic, s. the nation regarded po¬ litically Bod'ysnatcher, s. one who disinters bodies for dissection Bog, s. a marsh, a fen, a morass, a swamp — v. n. to whelm,as in mud or mire Bog'bean, s. a beautiful marsh plant Bog'berry, s. the cranberry Bog'gle, v. n. to start, to hesitate, to waver Bog'gler, s. a doubter, a timorous man Bog'gy, a. marshy; swampy Bog'-land, s. a boggy country Bo'gle, s. a bugbear; a goblin [bogs Bog'-moss, |s. a kind of moss growing in Bog'-trotter, «. one who lives in a boggy country Bohe'a, s. a species of coarse black tea . n. to serve in a campaign Campaigner, a. an old experienced soldier Campanol'ogy, a. the art of ringing bells Camp'bed, Campbed'stead, a. a small fold¬ ing bedstead Cam'phine, s. rectified turpentine, used in peculiarly constructed lamps Cam'phor, Cam'phire, a. a white semi¬ transparent substance, bitter, fragrant, and exceedingly volatile, obtained from the camphor laurel of Eastern Asia Caniphorated, a. impregnated with cam¬ phor Cam'ping ground, a. a ground for playing football an Cam'pion, s. a common field plant Camp'stool, a. a small and portable fold¬ ing stool Can, v. ». to be able—a. a vessel, a cup Cana'dian, a. pertaining to Canada—a. a native of Canada Canai'lle, a. [Fr.], the lowest of the people Canal', a. an artificial watercourse for the carnage of goods, &c. Cana'ry, a. a wine produced in the Canary isles Cana'ry-bird, a. a singing bird found in the Canary isles Cana'ry-grass, a. the grass also called plia- laris Can'cel, v. a. to blot out, destroy, make void—a. a leaf to be substituted for an¬ other which is cancelled Cancellation, a. act of cancelling Can'cer, a. the crab, the fourth sign of the zodiac; a glandular tumour, of an exceedingly painful and dangerous na¬ ture Candela'brum, a. [Lat.], a tall or branched candlestick Can'dent, a. hot, burning, fiery, shining Can'did, a. fair, open, honest, kind Can'didate, a. one who seeks for an office or appointment Can'didly, ad. uprightly, fairly, openly Can'didness, a. ingenuousness Tsupar Can'died, a. preserved or incrusted with Can'dle, a. a long and slender cylinder of tallow, wax, &c. formed round a wick, and used as a light Can'dleholder, a. an inferior coadjutor Can'dlelamp, a. a lamp constructed to burn candles in Can'dlelight, a. the light of a candle Can'dlemas, a. the feast of the Purification Can'dlestick, a. instrument to hold candles Can'dlestuff, a. tallow, wax, &c. Can'dour, a. open temper, integrity Can'dv, v. to conserve with sugar,*to crys¬ tallise—a. a confection made of sugar Cane, a. the stem of certain palm-like and grass-like plants; the sugar-cane; a walking-stick— v. a. to beat with a cane Canic'ular, a. belonging to the dog-star Cani'ne, a. having the properties of a dog Ca'ning, a. a beating with a cane or stick Can'ister, a. a tin case to hold tea, &c. Can'ker, a. the grub of a fly, or other in¬ sect; a corroding disease— v. to grow corrupt, corrode, pollute Can'kered, a. crabbed; uncivil Can'kerous, a. corroding like a canker Can'kerworm, a. a grub that destroys fruit trees Can'nel-coal, a. a kind of coal that burns readily and with a steady flame Can'nibal, a. an eater of human flesh Can'nibalism, a. the habits of a cannibal Can'non, a. a great gun Cannona'de, v. a. to batter with cannon— a. an attack with heavy artillery Can'non-ball, a. a ball or shot for cannon Cannonie'r, a. one who manages cannon Can'non-proof, a. proof against cannon- shot Can'non-shot,a. a cannon-ball; the distance to which a ball can be projected from a cannon Canoe', a. a light boat used by savages Can'on, a. [Gr.], a rule, or law; the books of Holy Scripture; a dignitary of the Can'on ess, a. a female canon [church Canon'ical, a. regular, ecclesiastical Canon'ically, ad. agreeably to the canons Canon'icalness, Canonic'ity, *. state of be¬ ing canonical Canon'icals, a. the established dress of the clergy Canon'icate, a. the office of a canon Can'onist, a. a doctor of canon law Canoniza'tion, a. the act of making a saint Can'onize, v. a. to declare any man a saint Can'on law, a. a collection of ecclesiastical constitutions for the regulation of the Church of Rome Can'onrv, Can'onship, a. benefice of a canon Can'opied, a. covered with a canopy Can'opy, a. a covering over a throne, or above the head; any coveinng overhead —v. a. to cover with a canopy Cant, a. a whining pretension to goodness'; obscure, corrupt phraseology; wheed¬ ling ; inclination from the perpendicular — v. n. to make wordy pretension to goodness; to use cant terms— v. a. to in¬ cline from the perpendicular Can'tab, a. a student at Cambridge m COMMAND YOUR TEMPER, LEST IT COMMAND YOU. CERTAIN GOOD SHOULD NEVER BE RELINQUISHED FOR UNCERTAIN HOPES. CONVERSE NOT ON SUBJECTS WHICH LEAD TO IMPURE IDEAS CHEERFULNESS 18 PERFECTLY CONSISTENT WITH PIETY. can] ^ln iSnlargctr 3SngIts!) Btcttonarp. [car Canta'bile, a. [Ital.], a graceful melodious kind of music Can'talivers, s. pi. brackets to support eaves, cornices, balconies, &c. Canta'ta, a. [Ital.], an air; a varied piece of music for a'single voice Cantee'n, s. a tin vessel for carrying drink; a suttling-house Can'ter, a. a 6hort gallop; one who uses cant— v. n. to gallop easily or gently Canterbury, «. a stand or frame for music books Canthariides, s.pL [Lat.], Spanish flies for Can'ticle, a. a song [blisters Canting, a. affectedly pious Can'tingly, ad. with pretence of goodness Can'tle, Can'tlet, a. a piece, a fragment Canto, a. [Ital.], a section of a poem Canton, a. a small division of a country— v. a. to divide into cantons; to assign to cantonments Cantoned, a. assigned to various quarters for lodging Canton'ments, a. pi. the various quarters occupied by soldiers in a town, or amongst villages Can'vas, a. coarse stiff hempen cloth Can'vass, a. solicitation; discussion— v. to sift, to examine, to debate; to solicit votes, to sue for honours Can'vasser, a. one who solicits votes Can'vassing, a. the act of making a canvass Ca'ny, a. full of canes; consisting of canes Can'zonet, a. a short song or air Caout'chouc, a. Indian rubber Cap, a. a covering for the head, any cover¬ ing for anything; anything in the form of a cap— v. a. to cover the top; to sur¬ pass, to take off the covering of the head as an expression of respect Capability, a. capacity, fitness, adequate¬ ness Ca'pable, a. intelligent, equal to, qualified Ca'pableness, «. quality of being capable Capa'cious, a. "wide, vast, extended Capa'ciousness, a. largeness, width, space Capacitate, v. a. to enable, qualify, make Capacita'tion, s. the act of making capable Capacity, a. ability, capability, condition, space or size Cap-a-pie', ad. [Fr.], from head to foot Caparison, a. a superb dress for a horse— v. a. to dress pompously Cape, s. the termination of a promontory; a small cloak, a loose covering for the shoulders attached to the collar of a coat Ca'per, a. a leap or jump; a berry, a pickle — v. «. to dance frolicsomely, to frisk Ca'perer, a. one who capers; a dancer Capillai're, a. [Fr.], syrup used for liqueurs Capillary, a. fine, minute; resembling a hair Capital, a. chief, principal, prominent; punishable with death—s. a principal sum; a large letter; stock; upper part of a pillar; chief city Capitalist, a. one who possesses capital for trading Capitally, ad. in a capital manner Capita'tion, s. numeration by heads Capit'ular, a. a body of ecclesiastical sta¬ tutes ; member of a chapter Capit'ulary, a. relating to the chapter of a cathedral Capit'ulate, v. n. to yield by capitulation Capitula'tion, a. the surrendering to an enemy upon certain conditions Capi'tulator, a. he who capitulates Ca'pon, a. a castrated cock Capri'ce, a. a whim, fancy, humour Capri'cious, a. whimsical, fanciful, odd Capri'ciously, ad. in an uncertain manner Capri'ciousness, *. caprice, whimsicalness Ca'pricom, s ', the tenth sign of the zodiac Caprio'le, s. [Fr.], a leap that a horse makes without advancing Cap'sicum, s. the plant from which Cay¬ enne pepper is made Capsi'ze, v. a. to upset, to overturn Cap'stan, Cap'stem, s. an engine to draw up great weights, as anchors, &c. Cap'sule, s. a small case or receptacle Cap'tain, s. the commander of a ship of war, troop of horse, or company of foot Cap'taincy, Cap'tainship, s. rank or post of a captain Cap'tious, a. cavilling, cross, surly, insi¬ dious Cap'tiously, ad. in a captious manner Cap'tiousness, s. inclination to find fault Cap'tivate, v. a. to subdue, to charm, to fascinate Cap'tivating, a. having power to engage tne affections Captiva'tion, s. the act of taking captive Cap'tive, a. made prisoner— s. one taken in war, a slave Captiv'ity, s. imprisonment, slavery, sub¬ jection Cap'tor, s.one who takes a prize or prisoner Cap'ture. a. act of taking,seizure, a prize, —v. a. to take as a prize Cap'tured, a. taken as a prize Capuchi'n, s. a Franciscan friar Ca'put-morituum, s. [Lat.], utterly worth- Car, a. a cart, a chariot [less residuum Car'ac, a. a large Portuguese ship Cariacole, a. a half-turn made by a horse— v. «. to move half round Cariat, a. a weight of four grains used by goldsmiths; a twenty-fourth part of any quantity of gold Caravant, a. a large carriage; a body of travelling merchants, or pilgrims Caravan'sera, Caravan'sary, s. a building erected for caravans and travellers in the East to rest in Cariavel, Car'vel, s. a light old-fashioned ship Car'away, *. a plant whose seeds are used in medicine and confectionery Caribine, Car'abine, a. a short musket Carbinier', Carabinieri, a. a soldier armed with a carbine Car'bon, s. the basis of charcoal Carbona'ceous, a. containing carbon Carbona'do, s. [Span.], meat cut across and broiled on the coals— v. n. to cut or slash Caribonated, a. combined with carbon Carbon'ic, a. obtained from carbon -[ing Carboniza'tion, s. the process of carboniz- Caribonize, v. a. to convert into carbon by the action of fire Car'boy, s. a large globular bottle, with a short neck Car'buncle, a. a precious stone; an in¬ flamed tumour or boil Caribuncled, o. set with carbuncles Caricanet, s. a chain or collar of jewels Caricass, s. the dead body of an animal; a COMPLACENCY IS MORE PERSUASIVE THAN ANGER. 1C5 COUNSEL FROM AN INFERIOR SHOULD BE CALLED FOR. NOT OFFERED. CRITICISM, TO BE USEFUL, SHOULD RECTIFY ERROR OR IMPROVE THE JUDGMENT. COMMON SENSE IS THE GROWTH OF ALL COUNTRIES. CAlt] Qn lEnlargetr lEngltef) iBtctionarp. [oar shell filled with combustibles, for setting fire to the buildings of a besieged town Card, a. a small niece of pasteboard bear¬ ing a name, address, invitation, or com¬ plimentary message; a painted paper used in play; the paper on whicn the points or the compass are marked; an instrument with iron teeth to comb wool— v. to comb wool Car'damine, s. a plant called also cuckoo¬ flower Car'damom, s. a medicinal plant of the East Indies Carider, s. one that cards wool [ing Car'diac, a. cordial, strengthening, clieer- Car'dinal, a. principal, chief, eminent— s. a dignitary of the highest rank in the Roman Catholic church Car'dinalate, Car'dinalship, a. the office of a cardinal Car'dinal-num'bers, a. such numbers as one, two, three, a hundred, &c. Car'dinal-points, a. east, west, north, south Card'ing, s. the dressing of wool Card'-maker, a. a maker of cards Card'-table, s. a square table consisting of two leaves, which can be folded together Care, s. solicitude, anxiety, charge—*;, n. to be affected with, to be anxiou3 Caree'n,v. to heave a ship over on one side for the purpose of repairing her bottom Caree'ning, s. the act of heaving a 6hip over for repair Caree'r. a. a course, race, swift motion— v. n. to run with swift motion Ca'rcful, a. full of concern, diligent, anx- Ca'refully, a. heedfully, providently [ious Ca'refulness, s. vigilance, great care Ca'reless.a. negligent, heedless, unmindful Ca'relessly, ad. negligently Ca'relessness, s. heedlessncss, inattention Caress', s. an act of endearment— v. a. to fondle Ca'ret, s. [Lat.], a mark in writing, thus (a), to denote that something written above, or in the margin, is to be inserted Ca'reworn, a. haggard or dejected by anxiety and sorrow Ca'rgo, s. [Span.] a ship’s lading, freight. Caricatu're, a. a grotesque representation of persons or facts— v. a. to represent grotesquely, to exaggerate, to distort Caricatu'rist, a. one who caricatures others Ca'riole, «. [Fr.], a small open vehicle Ca'rious, a. rotten, decayed, putrilied Cark'ing, a. distressing, perplexing Car'lines, Callings, s. pi. timbers lying fore and aft in a ship, between the beams of the deck Car'man, s. one who drives or keeps carts Car'melite, s. a friar of the order insti¬ tuted on Mt Carmel Carmin'ative, a. having the property of relieving colic and flatulence Carmi'ne, s. a bright red or crimson colour Carinage, s. slaughter, havoc, devastation Carinal, a. fleshly, lustful, sensual Carnal'ity, a. lust; grossness of mind Car'nalize, v. a. to debase to sensuality Carinally, ad. in a carnal manner Carinal-minded, a. worldly-minded [ness Carinal-mindedness, s. grossness, worldli- Cama'tion, s. flesh colour; a garden flower of the pink kind. Came'lian, s. a kind of chalcedony Carineous, Carinose, a. fleshy, plump, fat Carinival, s. a festive season, observed in Roman Catholic countries immediately before Lent Camiv'orous, a. eating of flesh, greedy Carnos'ity, s. a fleshy excrescence Car'ol, a. a song of exultation or praise— v. to sing; to praise, to celebrate Carolin'ian, a. a native or inhabitant of Carolina in North America—a. pertain¬ ing to Carolina Car'bmel, s. the smell of burnt sugar Carot'id, a. belonging to the two great arteries of the throat, which convey blood to the brain Carou'sal, Carou'se, a. a feast, festival, drinking-bout Carou'se, v. n. to drink hard, revel Carou'ser, s. a hard drinker, a reveller Carp, v. to censure, to cavil— s. a fish Caripenter, s. an artificer in wood; builder Caripentry, s. the trade of a carpenter Cariper, s. a caviller; a censorious person Car'pet, s. a covering for a floor or table¬ ts a. to spread with carpets Caripeted, a. covered with, or as with, a carpet Caripeting, s. carpets, stuff of which car¬ pets are made Capping, s. cavil, censure, abuse—a. cap¬ tious; censorious Caripingly, ad. captiously; censoriously CarTiage, s. the act of carrying or convey¬ ing; a vehicle; behaviour, manners Caririer, s. one who carries; sort of pigeon Cartion, s. flesh not fit for human food— a. relating to, or feeding on carcasses Carrona'de, s. a short iron cannon Carirot, s. a common esculent root CarToty, a. of the colour of a carrot Cariry, v. to convey, bear, gain, behave Car'ry-all, a. a light and spacious one- horse vehicle Carrying, a. relating to the transport of goods— s. act of conveying or transport¬ ing Cart, s. carriage for luggage— v. a. to carry Cart'age. a. conveyance by a cart, or pay¬ ment for it Carte-blanche, s. [Fr.], a blank paper with a signature to be filled up by the person to whom it is sent as he pleases; un¬ conditional concession Cartel', a. [Fr.] an agreement between na¬ tions at war for the exchange of prison¬ ers; any communication between hos¬ tile parties Carte'sian, a. relating to the philosophy of Descartes Carter, s. one who drives a cart Carthagin'ian, a. pertaining to ancient Carthage— s. a native of Carthage Cart'-horse,a. a horse that draws a cart Carthu'sian, s. a monk of the Chartreux— a. relating to the order of monks so called Cartilage, s. gristle Cartila'ginous, a. consisting of gristle Cart'ing, s. the act of carrying in a cart Cart'-load, s. a load borne in a cart Cartography, s. the art of making maps and charts Cartoon', s. a design for a painting drawn on paper; any design on paper Cartou'ch,«. a case-shot; a cartridge-box Cartridge, a. a paper case to hold the charge for a gun • • * Caritridge-box ,a. box containing cartridges 106 CONTEMPT WILL SOONER KILL AN INJURY THAN REVENGE. CENSURE IS A TAX WHICH THOSE WHO FILL EMINENT SITUATIONS MUST EXPECT TO PAY. CONSULT NOT WITH A FOOL, FOR HE CAN NEITHER GIVE NOR KEEP COUNSEL. CONSIDER NOT PLEASURES AS THEY COME, BUT AS THEY GO. oar] &n lEnlargctr lEngltsf) Btctfonnrn. [cat Cartridge-paper, s. strong, gray paper, used for cartridges Cart'rope, s. a rope for securing a load on Cart'rut, s. the tract of a wheel [a cart Cart'way, s. a road passable by carts Cart'wheel, s. the wheel of a cart Cart'wright, s. a maker or seller of carts Carun'cle, s. a small fleshy excrescence Carve, v. a. to cut wood, stone, or meat Car'ver, s. a sculptor; one who cuts the meat at table; a large knife for carving at table Car'ving, s. sculpture, figures carved Caryat'ides, s. pi. [Gr.], figures of women in long robes, used like columns or pilas¬ ters to support entablatures Casca'de, s. a cataract; a waterfall Case, s. a covering, sheath, or box; a state, condition, or circumstance; matter in hand in law or physic; (in Grammar), an inflexion of nouns, pronouns, &c.— v. a. to cover, to put in a case Ca'seharden, v. a. to harden the outside Ca'sehardened, a. having the outside hard¬ ened Ca'sehardening, 8. the process of harden¬ ing the outside Ca'seknife, *. large kitchen or table knife Ca'semate, s. a vaulted chamber in the rampart of a fortress, with embrasures for artillery to be fired through Ca'sement, s. a "window opening upon hinges Ca'seous, a. resembling cheese [diers Cas'em, s. a lodging or barracks for sol- Ca'se-shot, s. balls, stones, iron, &c. put into cases, to be discharged from cannon Ca'seworm, s. the caddis worm Cash, s. money, ready money— v. a. to ex¬ change a bill or note for money Cash'-account, s. an account of money re¬ ceived, paid, or on hand Cash'-book, s. a book in which receipts and payments are recorded Cash'-credit, s. credit granted by a bank on a cash account Cashie'r, s. a cash-keeper— v. a. to discard Cash'-keeper, s. a person regularly intrust¬ ed with the care of cash Cashme're, s. a shawl made in imitation of those originally woven in Cashmere Ca'sing, s. a case, or covering Cask, s. a barrel, a wooden vessel for hold¬ ing liquors Cas'ket, s. a small box or chest for jewels Casque,«. [Fr.], a helmet; a head-piece Cas'sava, s. a coarse kind of tapioca Cas'simere, s. a kind of woollen cloth Cas'sock, s. the under vestment of a priest Cas'sowary, s. a large bird of the ostrich kind, found in Asia Cast, s. a throw; mould; shade; squint— i>. to throw; condemn; model; contrive Cas'tanets, 8. pi. small shells of ivory or hard wood, which dancers rattle in their hands Cast'away, s. an abandoned or lost person Caste, s. a distinct order of society; the distinction between classes in society Cas'tellated, a. 'surmounted with battle- “ ments Castella'tion, t. the fortifying of a house Cast'er, s. one who casts; a small bottle to hold condiments for use at table; a small wheel or roller on the legs of tables and chairs, to render them more moveable Cas'tigate, v. a. to chastise, punish, beat Castiga'tion, s. discipline, punishment Cas'tigator, s. one who corrects Cas'tile-soap, s. a kind of refined soap Castil'ian, a. relating to Castile in Spain— s. a native of Castile Cast'ing. s. the act of fonning anything by founding, or that which is so formed Cas'ting-net, a. a net thrown by the hand Cast'ing-vote, a. the vote of a presiding officer, to decide a question, when the other votes are equally divided Cast'iron, a. iron which has been melted and fashioned in a mould Cas'tle, s. a fortified house— v. «. to defend the king by the rook in a particular manner, in chess Cas'tle-builder, s. one who forms visionary schemes Cas'tle-building, a. the act of fonning wild plans Cas'tled, a. furnished with castles Cas'tor-oil, a. a cathartic oil obtained from the vicinus Castrameta'tion, a. the act of laying out a camp Cas'trate, v. a. to geld ; to make imperfect Cas'trated, a. purified; weakened Cast'steel, s. steel that has been melted and fonned in a mould Cas'ual, a. accidental, uncertain, fortu¬ itous Cas'ually, ad. accidentally; without design Cas'ualness, s. the quality of being casual Cas'ualty, s. an accident or contingency Cas'uist, s. one who studies and settles cases of conscience Casuis'tical, a. relating to doubtful cases Cas'uistrv, s. the science or art of a ca¬ suist; sophistry Cat, s. a domestic animal; a double tripod, having six feet; a many-lashed whip used to punish minor offences amongst soldiers and sailors Catachre'sis, s. [Gr.], (in Rhetoric) abuse of a trope Catachres'tical. a. far-fetched, forced Cataclires'tically, ad. in a forced manner Cat'aclysm, s. a deluge, an inundation Cat'acomb, s. a vault for the burial of the dead Cat'afalque, s. the representation of a tomb, used in public funerals Cat'alepsy, $. a sudden suspension of the power of motion and sense of feeling Catalep'tic, a. pertaining to catalepsy Catalogue, s. a list of names, articles, &c\ — v. a. to make a list of Catamaran', s. a raft or float, or flat-bot¬ tomed boat; an explosive weapon Cat'amount, Catamoun'tain, s. wild cat Cat'aplasm, s. a poultice, soft plaster Cat'apult, s. an engine to throw stones, &c. Cat'aract, s. waterfall; disease in the eye3 Catar'rh, s. a cold in the head and throat Catar'rhal, a. relating to the catarrh Catas'trophe, s. [Gr.], the denouement of a dramatic piece; an unhappy or cala¬ mitous event or conclusion Cat'call, 8. a small squeaking instrument Catch, v. to stop, lay hold on, insnare, please— s. the act of seizing; anything caught; (in Music), a vocal piece in se¬ veral parts, all simg successively by each I singer Catch'er, s. he that catches CUSTOM IN INFANCY BECOMES NATURE IN OLD AGE. 107 COMPLY WITH NO VICIOUS DESIRE, HOWEVER SECRET ITS PERFORMANCE. CHERISH THY FRIEND, AND TEMPERATELY ADMONISH THY ENEMY. COMPLY CHEERFULLY WHERE NECESSITY ENJOINS. cat] _ lEttlargrtf lEnglisft Bicttonatn. [cei Catch'fly, a. a species of campion Catching, a. infectious, apt to catch Catch'penny, a. a wortlUess publication Catch'poll, a. a bailiff’s follower Cat'chup, Cat'sup, a. a liquor extracted from mushrooms or walnuts Catch'w'ord, a. the first word of a page, sometimes printed at the foot of the pre¬ ceding page Catechetical, a. consisting of questions and answers; relating to elementary re¬ ligious instruction Catechet'ically, ad. by question and an¬ swer Cat'echise, v. a. to instruct or examine by questions Cat'echism, s. a form of instruction by questions and answers Cat'echist, Cat'echiser, s. one who teaches the catechism or the rudiments of re¬ ligion, or who interrogates Catechis'tical, a. belonging to the cate¬ chism, or to a catechist Catechu'men. Catechu'menist, a. one who is learning the rudiments of Christianity Catechumen'ical, a. belonging to the cate¬ chumens Categorical, a. absolute, positive, express Categorically, ad. absolutely; positively Cat'egory, a. a class, an order of ideas Catena'rian, Cat'enary, a. belonging to or like a chain Cat'enate, Catenation. See Concatenate, &c. Ca'ter, v. n. to provide food, lay in victuals Caterer, a. a provider of victuals Cateress, a. a woman who caters Caterpillar, a. the grub or larva of butter flies and moths Cat'erwaul, v. n. to cry like a cat Caterwauling, a. the cry of cats Cates, a. cakes, dainties, viands, nice food Cat'gut, a. fiddlestrings; a coarse kind of canvass Cathartic, Cathartical, a. purgative Cat'head, a. a piece of timber projecting over the bows of a ship Cathe'dral, a. an episcopal or head church —a. episcopal, resembling a cathedral Cat'holes, a. two little holes astern above the gun-room ports of a ship Cath'olic, a. universal; not bigoted; relat¬ ing to the Church of Rome—a. a member of the Church of Rome Catholicism, Catholicity, a. adherence to the catholic church; universality; ab¬ sence of bigotry Oath'olicly, ad. generally, universally Cath'olicness, s. universality Cat'kin, a. the deciduous spike of flowers in such trees as poplars, willows, &c. Cat-of-nine-tails, a. an instrument of pun¬ ishment for soldiers and sailors Cato'nian, a. grave; severe; like Cato Catop'trical, a. relating to reflected vision Cat's-eye, a. a peculiarly opalescent green¬ ish grey kind of chalcedony Cat's-paw, a. the dupe of another Cattle, a. such animals as oxen, sheep, Ac., which are used as beasts of burden, for draught, or for food Caucasian, a. pertaining to Mount Cau¬ casus in Asia Cau'dal, a. relating to the tail of an animal Cau'dle, a. a kind of warm spiced drink, for sick persons 1C b Caul, a. part of a cap or wig; any kind of net; a membrane covering the'lower in- Cau'ldron, s. See Caldron [testines Cau'lifknver, s. a fine kind of cabbage Cau'sable, a. that may be caused Cau'sal, a. relating to or implying causes Causality, a. the agency of a cause Cau'sally, ad. according to the series of causes Causation, a. the act or agency producing an effect Cau'sative, a. that effects as an agent Cau'sativelv, ad. in a causative manner Cause, a. a reason, motive, party, source, whatever produces an effect; a suit in court— v. a. to effect, produce, occasion Cau'seless, a. having no just reason; ori¬ ginal Cau'selessly, ad. without cause or reason Cau'selessness, a. unjust ground Cau'ser, a. one who causes; the agent Cau'sev, Cau'seway, a. a raised paved waj* Causid'ical, a. relating to a pleader Caustic, a. burning, corroding, pungent, severe Causticity, Caus'ticness, a. quality of be¬ ing caustic Cauterization, a. act of burning or searing by fire Cauterize, v. a. to bum with irons; sear Cautery, a. a burning or searing with fire Caution, a. prudence, care, warning— v. a. to warn, give notice, tell Cautionary, a. warning; given as a pledge Cautious, a. w r ary, watchful, prudent Cautiously, ad. in a prudent, wary manner Cautiousness, a. vigilance, circumspection Cavalca'de, a. a procession on horseback Cavalie'r, a. a horseman or knight, an ad¬ herent of Charles I.—a. gav, brave; haughty, proud Cavalie'rly, ad. haughtily, arrogantly Cavalie'mess, a. a haughty manner Cav'alry, s. horse troops, home soldiers Cavati'na, a. [Ital.], a short air in music, without a return or second part Cave, s. a den, a caU, hollow place Ca'veat, a. [Lat.], a caution; admonition Cay'em, s. a cave, den, hollow place Cav'emed, Cav'ernous, a. full or caverns Cavetto, a. [Ital.], (in Architecture), a hollowed moulding Caviar, Cavi'are, s. the roes of certain fish prepared and salted Cav'il, a. false or frivolous objections—r. n. to raise objections, to wrangle Caviller, a. a captious disputant Cavilling, a. the raising of false or frivol - ous objections Cav'illingly, ad. in a cavilling manner Cavity, a. a hollow place, a cavern Caw, v. n. to cry as a rook or crow Caw'ing, Caw, a. the cry of a rook, &c. Cay'enne-pepper, a. a very pungent pepper Cay'man, Cai'man, s. American alligator Cease, v. to leave off; stop; be extinct Ce'aseless, a. never ceasing, perpetual Ce'aselessly, ad. perpetually, incessantly Ce'asing, a. pause, cessation Ce'dar, s. a large evergreen tree Ce'dared, a. covered with cedar-wood, or trees Ce'darn, Ce'drine, a. belonging to the cedar-tree Cede, v. a. to yield, to surrender Ceil, v. a. to overlay or cover the inner roof COURTESY ON ONE SIDE ONLY, NEVER LASTS LONG. COMBAT MCE IN ITS FIRST ATTACKS, AND YOU WILL COME OFF CONQUEROR. OTHER WHICH YOU CAN' BETTER HO YOURSELF. CONFIDE WITHOUT RESERVATION, BUT CONFIDE IN FEW. r, < -i H < 3 H -1 3 5 s 3 5 ) get] %n lEnlargrtf 3EngM) JBtctionarw. [ciia Celling, 4. the inner roof, the upper part Cel'andine, s. a plant also called pilewort Cel'ebrate, v. a. to praise; to commend Celebra'tion, «. solemn remembrance; praise Celeb'rity, s. fame, celebration, renown Celerity, s. swiftness, velocity, haste, speed Cel'ery, s. the name of a salad herb Celes'tial, s. an inhabitant of heaven—a. heavenly; supremely happy Celes'tially, ad. in a heavenly manner Cel'estins, s. an order of monks founded by Pope Celestine Y. Cel'ibacy, s. a single life Celibate, i. single life; an unmarried man Cell, s. a small room in a prison or monas¬ tery ; a small cavity Cel'lar, Cellarage, s. room under ground for liquors or stores Cellaret, s. an ornamental case or drawer for holding wines and liquors Cellular, a. made up of cavities, hollow Celt, s. one of the aborigines of Gaul or Britain; an ancient stone or bronze axe Cel'tic, a. relating to the Celts Cement', s. that which unites; mortar— v. a. to join together, to solder Cemcnt'er, s. that which unites Cementing, s. the act of joining together Cem'etery, s. a burial-place, a churchyard Ce'nobite, s. a monk, a recluse Cenobit'ic, Cenobit'ical, a. living in com¬ munity Cen'otaph, a. an empty or honorary tomb Cen'scr, a. a perfuming or incense pan Cen'sor, a. an officer appointed to examine books or journals before they are print¬ ed or published Censo'rial, a. full of censure; severe Censo'rious, a. addicted to censure, severe Censo'riousness, s. disposition to reproach Cen'sorlike, a. censorious; austere Cen'sorsliip, a. the office of a censor Cen'surable, a. deserving censure, culpable Cen'surableness, a. blamableness Cen'surably, ad. in a blamable manner Cen'sure, a. blame, reproach, judgment— v. a. to blame, revile, condemn Cen'sus, a. [Lai.], an enumeration of the population by tne government Cent, a. an abbreviation of the Latin word centum, a hundred; a small copper coin in some countries Cen'taur. See Classical Dictionary Cen'taurlike, a. resembling a Centaur Cen'taury, s. a common field plant Cen'tenary, a. the number of a hundred— a. consisting of a hundred Ccnten'nial, a. consisting of a hundred years Centesimal, a. the hundredth Centesima'tion, s. a military punishment, where one person in a hundred is select¬ ed for execution Cen'tigrade, a. consisting of 100 degrees Cen'tipede, s. a long and slender insect with many feet Cen'to, s. a composition consisting of pas¬ sages from various authors Cen'tral, a. relating to the centre Centrality, s. the state of being central Cen'trally, ad. in a central manner Cen'tre, ». the middle, the chief place— v. to place on a centre, to rest on Cen'fre-bit, t. a tool used for boring holes Cen'tric, a. placed in the centre Cen'trically, ad. in a central position Cen'tricalness, s. a situation m the centre Centrifugal, a. flying from the centre Centrip'etal, a. tending to the centre Cen'tuple, a. a hundred-fold— v. a. to mul¬ tiply a hundred-fold Centu'plicate,r. a. to make a hundred-fold CentuTial, a. relating to a century Centu'riate, v. a. to divide into hundreds Centu'riator, Cen'turist, s. a historian who distinguishes time by centuries Centu'non, s. the commander of a hundred men among the Komans Cen'tury, s. a hundred years Cephalic, a. medicinarfor the head’ Cera'mic, a. made by a potter, fictile Ce'rate, s. unguent made of wax and oil Ce'rated, a. covered with wax Cere, v. a. to cover with wax Ce'reai, a. pertaining to corn Ce'reals, s.pl. wheat, barley, oats, and rye Cefebral, a. belonging to the brain Ce'recloth, Ce'rement, s. cloth dipped in wax in which dead bodies were wi apped Ceremo'nial, s. outward form; external rite— a. ritual Ceremo'nially, ad. according to ceremo- Ceremo'nious, a. formal [nies Ceremo'niously, ad. with due forms Ceremo'niousness, s. fondness of ceremony Cer'emony, $. outward rite; external form in religion; forms of civility Certain, a. sure, resolved, unfailing; some Certainly, ad. indubitably, without fail Certainty, s. a fulness of assurance, ex¬ emption from doubt Cerfes, ad. certainly; verily; in truth Certificate, s. a testimony in wiiting— v. a. to give a certificate Certification, a. the act or means of certi¬ fying Certifier, s. an assurer; an ascertainen Certify, v. a. to give certain information Certitude, s. certainty; freedom from Cerulean, Ceru'leous, a. blue [doubt Cefvical, a. belonging to the neck Cess, i. a rate or tax levied according to an assessment of property Cessation, 4. a stop, rest; intermission; recess; respite Cession, 5 . act of giving up; compliance Cess'pool, 4. a receptacle for the sediment from water in rains Cesu'ra. See Caesura Ceta'ceous, a. of the whale kind Chafe, s. passion, fret, heat, rage— v. to rage, fret, make angry; warm by rub¬ bing Cha'fer, s. an insect of the beetle kind Chaff, 4. the husks of corn; a worthless thing Chaff-cutter, s. a machine for cutting up chaff Chaffer, e. to haggle, bargain, exchange Chafiferer, s. a dealer; a hard bargainer Chaffinch, 4. a small common bird Chaffy, a. full of chaff; foul, light, bad Cha'fingdish, s. a portable grate for coals Chagri'n, 4. [Fr.], ill humour, vexation— v. a. to vex, to hurt, to tease Chain, 4. a line of links, a series; a fetter; a measure for land, 22 yards long— v. a. to fasten with a chain, enslave Chai'ned, a. bound, fettered, enslaved Chai'npump, s. a pump used in ships CONFESSION OF A FAULT MAKES HALF AMENDS FOR IT 109 CONTEND NOT WITH THY FRIEND, LEST THOU MAKE HIM AN ENEilll CIVILITY IS ALWAYS SAFE, BUT PRIDE CREATES ENEMIES. i n ft P5 o £ £ w PH 65 l-H tn O 6 ; HH ts H * H P cq in fi Pi O £ ►< 65 65 in o 6 ; M US ' H £ w PH tH c 65 ft 6; w a w pi Ph o o Chai'nshot, s. bullets fastened by a chain Chai'nwork, s. work with open spaces like the links of a chain Chair, e. a moveable seat, a sedan; the E osition of president in a public assem- ly; the office of a professor of learning or science Chai'rman, s. the president of a public meeting; one who carries a sedan Chaise, s. a kind of light carriage [dony Chalcedon'ic, a. of the nature of chalce- Chal'cedony, s. one of the many varieties of quartz Chalcog'rapher, s. an engraver Chalcography, s. art of engraving Chalda'ic, Char dee, a. belonging to the Chaldeans Chalde'an, s. an inhabitant of Chaldea Cha'ldron, s. a coal measure of 36 bushels Chal'ice, s. a cup standing on a foot Chal'iced, a. having a cell or cup Chalk, s. a well-known white fossil earth — v. a. to mark or manure with chalk Chalk'cutter, s. one who digs chalk Chaikin ess, s. the state of being chalky Chalk'pit, s. a place where chalk is dug Chalk'-stone, s. a small piece of chalk Chalk'y, a. consisting of chalk, white Chal'lenge, v. a. to call to fight, to reply, or to fulfil engagements ; to claim—s. a summons to combat Chal'lengeable, a. that may be challenged Chal'lenger, ». one that defies another to combat; a claimant Chaliis, *. [Fr.], a fine kind of w r oollen material for ladies’ dresses Chalyb'eate, a. impregnated with iron Chama'de, s. [Fr.], a signal to the enemy of a desire to parley Cha'mber, s. an apartment in an upper story; the place where a public body meets, and the body so meeting; any retired place or cavity Cha'mber-counsel, s. a banister who gives advice, but does not plead Cha'mberlain, s. one who takes care of the private apartments of a king or a noble¬ man Cha'mberlainship, s. the office of cham¬ berlain Cha'mber-lye, s. urine [care of bedrooms Cha'mber-maid, s. a servant who has the Cha'mber-pot, s. vessel used in chambers Cha'mber-practice, s. the practice of bar¬ risters who give opinions at their rooms Chameleon, s. a peculiar kind of lizard, whose skin changes its colour in a very remarkable manner Cham'fer, s. a small groove, or bevel Cham'ois, s. [Fr.], an animal of the goat kind; leather made of the goat’s skin Champ, v. a. to gnaw, to bite, to devour Champa'gne, s. [Fr.], a brisk, sparkling Cham'paign, s. a flat open country [wine Champ'er, s. a biter, or nibbler Cham'pion, s. a single combatant; a bold defender; a hero Cham'pionship,s. state of being a champion Chance, s. fortune, event, luck, misfor¬ tune— v. n. to happen—a. casual Chan'cel, s. the eastern portion of a church, where the altar stands Chan'cellor, s. the highest officer of the crown, and keeper of the great seal; the first law-officer of a bishop or a uni versity Chan'cellorship, «.the office of chancellor Chan'ce-med'ley,’a. casual slaughter of a man Chan'cery, s. the highest court of equity Chandelie'r, *. [Fr.], a branched pendant to hold candles Chandler, *. a person who sells candles, &c. Chandlery, s. articles sold by a chandler Change, s. alteration, novelty, small money — v. a. to alter, amend, exchange Changeable, Cha'ngeful, a. inconsistent, fickle; subject to frequent changes Cha'ngeableness, ■?. inconstancy; suscep¬ tibility of change Cha'ngeably, ad. inconstantly Clia'nged, a. altered, turned, different Cha'ngeful, a. inconstant, mutable, fickle Cha'ngeless, a. constant Cha'ngeling, s. a child changed for an¬ other ; an idiot, a waverer Cha'nger, s. one who effects changes Cha'nging, a. altering, varying, incon¬ stant Chan'nel, s. a watercourse, a narrow Sea; a groove in a pillar— v. a. to cut in chan¬ nels Channelled, a. grooved, furrowed length¬ wise Chant, s. a song, a melody; a peculiar kind of sacred music— v. a. to sing a chant, or as a chant Chan'ter, s. singer in a cathedral, songster Chan'ticleer, s. the cock Chan'ting, s.the act of singing a chant Chan'trv, s. a chapel for priests to sing mass In Cha'os, s. [Lat.] the confusion which was supposed to have preceded the present order of tilings; any state of confusion and disorder Chaot'ic, a confused, unorganized, mixed Chap, s. a cleft, an opening ; a beast’s jaw — v. a. to open, to crack, to divide Chaparral', s. [Span.], a thicket of low evergreen trees Chap'book ,s. a cheap book sold by hawkers Chape, s. [Fr.], the metallic tip of a scab¬ bard ; part of a buckle Chapeau', s. [Fr.], a hat; a cap or bonnet Chap'el, s. a place of worship subordinate to a church; any place of worship Chap'elry, s. the district assigned to a chapel Cliap'eron,s. [Fr.],tlie cap worn by knights of the garter; the gentleman who at¬ tends on a lady in public— v. a. to attend on a lady in a public assembly Chap'fallen, a. dispirited, silent Chap'lain, s. a clergyman who statedly - performs divine sendee otherwhere than in a parish church Chap'laincy, Chap'lainship, *.the[office of a chaplain Chap let, s. a wreath for the head Chap'man, s. a small or retail tradesman' Chaps, s. pi. that part of the face which is about the mouth Chap'ter, s. a division of a book; an as¬ sembly of the clergv of a cathedral Chap'ter-house, s. a .house.where a chap¬ ter meets Char, s. a small fish—r. to bum wood to a black .cinder ; to do house-work by the day Char'acter, s. a mark or letter; the quali ties distinguishing any man; reputa- 110 COVETOUS MEN NEED MONEY LEAST, YET MOST AFFECT IT; CONTEMPT OF INJURIOUS "WORDS STIFLES THEM; RESENTMENT REA IN ES THEM* COMPLAISANCE OBLIGES WHILE IT REPREHENDS. cjha] Hn ‘Enlarged lEngltsf) Btcttonarp. [CHE V H p pH tc >* Pi a £ < S5 < K P fc ►H frt Z O U 55 < B H w H H <1 « •» W P 55 M M Ph s o o o H fi fc 03 w n fc o o tion; an eccentric person— v. a. to in- ' scribe; to describe Char'acterism, s. distinction of character Characteris'tic, a. peculiar to, distinguish¬ ing—*. that which constitutes the cha¬ racter Characteristically, ad. in a manner that distinguishes character Characteris'ticalness, a. the state or qua¬ lity of being characteristic Characteriza'tion, a. the act of character¬ izing Characterize, v. a. to give a character of a person; to distinguish, or designate Characterless, a. void of character Chara'de, a. [Fr.], a peculiar kind of riddle Charcoal, a. coal made by burning wood under turf Charge, a. custody; trust; that which is intrusted; expense; onset; command; the quantity of powder used in loading a gun— v. a. to intrust; to impute as a debt; accuse; load a gun; command; to rush upon an enemy Chargeable, a. expensive, costly; accus- able Chargeableness, a. expense; cost Charge d’affaires, a. [Fr.], a diplomatic agent of inferior rank Charger, a. a large dish; a war horse Cha'nly, ad. warily, frugally Chariot,*, a carriage of pleasure or state Charioteer, s. a chariot driver, a coachman Charitable, a. kind, bountiful, candid Charitableness, a. the exercise of charity; disposition to charity Charitably, ad. kindly, benevolently Charity, s. tenderness, love, good-will; alms Charity-school, a. a school for the poor, supported by charity Chariva'ri, s. [Fr.], a cats’ concert [cheat Charlatan, a. [Fr.], a mountebank, quack, Charlatanism, a. deceit; quackery Charles’s-Wain,*, the seven principal stars of the Great Bear, also called the Plough Charlock, s. a too common weed with a yellow dower Charm, s. a spell or enchantment; what¬ ever delights or inspires affection— v. a. to bewitch, delight, captivate Charmer, s. one who charms Rightful Charming, a. enchanting, captivating, de- Char'mingly, ad. in a delightful manner Charmingness, a. the rower to please Charmless, a. destitute of charms Charnel-house, s. a receptacle for the bones of the dead, a vault for dead bodies Charred, a. reduced to charcoal Chart, s. a delineation of coasts, &c.; a map Charter, s. a privilege, immunity, or ex¬ emption, by royal grant, in writing; any similar instrument— v. a. to grant, or hire (as a ship], by charter Chartered, a. privileged; granted by charter Charter-party, a. an agreement respecting the chartering of a ship Chartism, a. the principles of the chartists Chartist, a. one who held the political principles of universal suffrage, vote by ballot, &c. ChaTtulary, a. a register of charters be¬ longing to a religious community Charwoman, a. a woman hired by the day Cha'ry, a. careful, cautious, diligent Chase, a. eager pursuit; hunting; the ob¬ ject of pursuit; a tract of open country for hunting in; the forward end of a cannon — v. a. to hunt, to pursue, to drive; to emboss metals Cha'ser, a. him ter; pursuer; an enchaser Chasm, a. a cleft, an opening, a vacuity Chas'seur, s. [Fr.]. a horse or foot soldier trained for rapid evolutions Chaste, a. pure, uncorrupt, honest Cha'ste-eyed, a. having modest eyes Cha'stely, a. with chastity, purely Cha'sten, v. a. to punish, correct, purify Cha'stener, s. one who corrects Cha'stening, a. the infliction of suffering —a. inflicting suffering or pain Chasti'sable, a. deserving chastisement Chasti'se, v. a. to correct by punishing Chas'tisement, s. correction, punishment Chasti'ser, a. he who chastises Chas'tity, Cha'steness, *. purity Chas'uble, s. the outer vestment worn by a Roman Catholic priest when he says mass Chat, v. n. to prate, to talk idly, to prattle — s. idle talk, prattle, conversation Chat'tel, s. any movable property Chat'ter, s. noisy and idle prattle— v. n. to utter sounds without meaning Chat'ter-box, Charterer, s. an idle talker Chaptering, s. rapid inarticulate sounds; idle noisy talk Chat'ty, a. conversing freely [to be had Cheap, a. low priced; of small value; easy Cheapen, v. a. to attempt to purchase, to bid for anything; to lessen the value Che'apener, s. a bargainer Che'aply, ad. at a small price Che'apness, s. lowness oi price Cheat, s. a fraud, a trick; a deceiver— v. a. to impose on* to deceive, to outwit Che'ater, s. one that practises fraud Che'ating, a. defrauding, imposing ou—*. the act of deceiving Check, v. to repress, curb, chide, control; to compare particulars in accounts, lists, &c.— s. a stop, curb, restraint, reproof; an order on a banker for money to be paid to the bearer; a counter-ticket; any kind of cloth with a checkered pat¬ tern ; an attack on the king, in chess Check'book, s. a book of blank forms for drafts on a bank Check'ered ; a. variegated like a chess¬ board ; diversified with joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain Check'erwork, s. variegation as in a chess¬ board Check'mate, s. a combination of attacks on the king, in chess, which finishes the game— v. a. to finish the game, in chess; to counterwork, arrest, and defeat Cheek, *. the side of the face below the eye; any part of a machine, &c., which has a counterpart exactly like it Chee'kbone, *. the bone of the cheek Chee'ktooth, s. the hinder tooth or tusk Cheep, v. n. to chirp like a small bird Cheer, a. applause; entertainment, gaiety, jollity— v. to incite, comfort, applaud Chee'rer, s. one who promotes mirth Chee'rful, a. gay, full of life, merry Chee'rfulness, s. alacrity, liveliness, mirth Chee'rfuily, ad. without dejection; gaily Chee'rily, Chee'rly, ad. cheerfully Chee'rless, a. sad, gloomy, comfortless CLEMENCY IS THE BRIGHTEST JEWEL IN A CROWN, 111 COUNSEL AND WISDOM ACHIEVE MORE AND GREATER EXPLOITS THAN FORCE. COURTIERS ARE LIKE JUGGLERS: THEY CONFEDERATE WITH KNAVES TO IMPOSE ON FOOLS. CONDUCT AND COURAGE LEAD TO HONOUR. che] ^tn ISnlargetJ ISnglis!) IBtctionarp. [chi Chee'ry, a. having power to make gav Cheese, s. curds of milk pressed in a form Ohee'secake, s. a cake of curds, sugar, &c. Cnee'scmonger, a. one who sells cheese Cheeseparings, a. pi. worthless remnants Chee'sevat, a. a vat in which cheese is made Chee'sy, a. having the nature of cheese Chem'ical, a. relating to, or explained hv, chemistry Chem'ically, ad. in a manner explained by chemistry Cheini'se, a. [Fr.], an undergarment worn by females Chem'ist, a. one who studies, or is skilled in, chemistry Chem'istry, a. the science which treats of the elementary constituents of bodies, and the laws of their combination Cheque, a. See Check Cheq'ucr, v. a. See Checker Cheq'uers, Chec'kers, s. a chess-board Cher'ish, v. a. to support, nurse up, shelter Cher'ished, a. fostered, entertained, com¬ forted Cher'isher, s. an encourager, a supporter Cher'ishing,a. fostering, comforting Cheroo't, s. a roll of tobacco for smoking, of which the choicest are from Manilla Cher'ry, a. a fruit—a. ruddy, blooming Cher'ry-cheeked, a. having blooming cheeks Cher'ry-tree, a. a fruit tree producing Chert, a. a kind of flint [cherries Cheirty, a. flinty; resembling chert Clier'ub, a. a celestial spirit, a blooming infant Cheru'bic, Cheru'bical, a. angelical Clier'vil, a. a common wild plant of the parsley kind Ches'nut, Chest'nut, a. the fruit of the ches- nut-tree— a. of the colour of a chesnut Chess, a. a well-known game, played on a ' checkered board, with two sets of pieces, which are moved against each other Chess'-board, a. a board to play chess on Chess'-man, a. a piece used in chess Chess'-player, a. one who plays chess Chest, a. a large box or coffer; the part of the body containing the lungs, &c. Cheval'-glass, a. a large swinging looking glass B , Cheval-de-fri'se, a. [Fr.], a piece of timber traversed with spikes to form a defence against cavalry, &c. Chevalie'r, a. [Fr.], a knight, a gallant man Chev'eril, s. a kid; kid leather Chew, v. to grind with the teeth, to mas¬ ticate; to meditate on, to ruminate Chia'ro-oscu'ro,a. [Ital.], lights and shades in painting Chica'ne, Chica'nery, a. sophistry, quibble, stratagem, artifice Chica'ne, v. a. to use chicanery Chica'ner, a. one who employs chicanery Chick, Chick'en, ;. the young of fowls Chick'en-hearted, a. fearful, timorous Chick'en-pox, a. a disease attended with pustules, common to children Chick'ling, a. a small chicken Chick'peas, a. a kind of pea used for feed¬ ing chickens Chick'weed, a. the name of a very com¬ mon plant Chic'ory, a. the endive; British coffee Chide, v. to reprove, to blame, to reproach; to clamour Chi'der, a. one who chides Chi'ding, a. the act of reproving, a rebuke Chi'dingly, ad. in a reproving manner Chief, a. principal, eminent—a. a leader, the principal person or part Chief Jus'tice, 5 . the presiding judge in the Queen’s Bench and Court of Com¬ mon Fleas Chie'tiy,ad. principally, eminently, above all Chie'ftain, a. a leader, a commander Chie'ftainship, a. headship Chiffonie'r, s. [Fr.l, an ornamental cup¬ board for a drawing-room Chil'blain, a. a sore caused by cold Child, a. an infant; offspring Childbearing, Childbed, Childbirth, 5. parturition, travail, labour Chil'dermas-day, a. the feast of the Holy Innocents Childhood, s. infancy, the state of a child Childish, a. trivial, puerile, like a child Childishly, ad. in the manner of a child Childishness, s. puerility, harmlessness Childless, a. having no children Childlessness, s. the state of being with¬ out children Childlike, a. becoming or like a child Chi'ldlikeness, s. quality of being child¬ like Chiliad, s. a thousand in number Chill, a. cool, distant, depressed— s. chil¬ liness— v. a. to make cold, discourage; blast Chilli, s. the seed vessel of Cayenne or Guinea pepper Chilliness, s. a sensation of cold Chilly, a. somewhat cold, frosty, raw Chill'ness, s. coldness; want of warmth Chime, s. a sound of bells, conc ord of sound — v. to sound in harmony, to agree, to indicate the horn - by a particular mode of sounding Chime'ra, s. [Lat.], an odd. fancy, feigned monster Chimerical, a. imaginary, whimsical Chimerlcally, ad. wildly, fantastically Chimes, s. pi. tunes played on bells, at particular hours Cliim'ney, s. a funnel for smoke Chim'ney-board ,». a fireboard Chim'ney-comer, s. the seat next the fire, on each side Chim'ney-piece, s. an ornamental frame of marble, stone, &c. round a fire-place Chim'ney-pot, s. a large earthen pipe, placed on the top of a chimney to in¬ crease the draught Chim'ney-sweeper, a. one who sweeps chimneys Chimpan'zee, a. an animal of the ape kind Chin, s. the lowest part of the human face Chi'na, a. a kind of porcelain originally made in China Chi'na-orange, a. the sweet orange Chinchil la, a. a small South American animal, or its fur Chine, a. the backbone— v. a. to cut in chines Chine'se, a. belonging to China Chink, a. a small aperture or fissure—c. to jingle like money; to crack, or gape Chintz, a. fine printed calico Chip, a. a fragment cut off—v. a. to cut in¬ to small pieces, to hack Chip'ping, s. a chip 112 COMMON FAME IS OFTEN A COMMON LIAR. CIVIL WAR IS A DELUGE THAT LEVELS ALIKE THE COTTAGE AND THE PALACE CONTEMPT IS THE BEST RETURN FOR SCURRILITY. r- M gl o g. c k—< M c o h Eh C z; £h P e o h x P P Z. o s k-« r; o o g H Z H X) * V chi] 'an lEnlargett lEngltef) Bicttonary. [chr Chirog'rapher, s. one who practises writ¬ ing as a profession; an officer in the Common Pleas, who engrosses fines Chirographic, Chirograph'ical, a. pertain¬ ing to chirography Chi'romancer, s. one who pretends to tell fortunes by inspecting the hands Chirp, v. n. to imitate the noise of birds— s. the voice of birds or insects Chipper, s. one that chirps Chipping, s. the gentle noise of birds ChiPrup, v. «. to utter a chirping sound; to animate or cheer Chis'el, s. a carpenter’s tool to pare with— v. a. to cut with a chisel Chis'elled, a. cut or engraved Chis'elling, s. the carving or engraving Chit, s. a baby, a child Chit'chat, s. prattle, common trifling tail* Chit'terlings, s. the intestines of swine prepared for food Chiv'alrous, a. warlike; adventurous gallant Chiv'alrously, ad. in a chivalrous spirit and manner Chiv'alry, s. knighthood; feats of arms; the military part of the feudal system, the body of knights of a country Chlo'rine, s. (in Chemistry), a gaseous body; bleaching agent and disinfectant Chlo'roform, s. a compound liquid the most considerable ingredient of which is chlorine, and a most powerful anaes¬ thetic agent Choc'olate, s. a preparation of cacao, or cocoa; an agreeable beverage prepared from it; a reddish brown colour Choice, s. a thing chosen ; power of choos¬ ing ; variety, plenty; best pait of any¬ thing— a. select, of great value; careful Choi'celess, a. without power to choose Choi'cely, ad. with great care; valuably Choi'ceness, s. nicety, of particular value Choir, s. a body of singers in a church or ! elsewhere; the eastern portion of a cathedral church Choi'r-service, s. divine service performed i by the choir / Choke, v. a. to suffocate, suppress, block up Cho'kedamp, s. carbonic acid gas in mines, wells. &c. Cho'keiull, a. as full as possible Chol'er, s. anger, rage, irascibility Cliol'era, s. the name of two diseases, one a violent diarrhoea, the other a highly dangerous epidemic Chol'eric, a. full of choler, angrv, offensive Chol'ericness, s. irascibility; anger Choose, v. to select, to pick out, prefer, adopt Choo'ser, s. one who chooses; an elector Chop, v. to cut with a blow, to mince; to change—s. a small piece of meat; a cleft Chop'house, s. an eatinghouse Chop'per, s. a butcher’s cleaver Chop'ping, a. large, lusty, healthy, jolh' Chop'ping-block, s. a log of wood, ou which anything is cut in pieces Chop'ping-knife, s. a knife to mince meat Chops, s. pi. See Chaps Chop'sticks, s. small sticks used by the Chinese instead of a fork or spoon Cho'ral, a. belonging to or singing in a choir Cho'rally, ad. in the manner of a chorus Chord, s. the string of a musical instru¬ ment; a harmonious combination of sounds Chorister, s. a singer in a choir Chorog'rapher, s. one who describes or makes a map of a particular region or oountry Chorograph'ical, a. belonging to choro- graphy Chorog'raphy,the description of a par¬ ticular 1 egion or country ; the making a map of It Cho'rus, * [Lat.], a number of singers in concert; a musical composition in se¬ veral parts sung by a band of singers Chough, s. a sea bird resembling a crow Chouse, v. a. to cheat, to trick Chresto'mathy, s. a collection of extracts for the use of those learning a language Chrism, s. consecrated oil used by Roman Catholics in baptism Chris'mal, a. relating to chrism Chris'matory, s. a vessel for the chrism Chris'ten, v. a. to baptize, to name Christendom, s. the whole body of Chris¬ tians Christening, s. the act of baptizing infants Christian, s. a disciple of Christ—a. belong¬ ing to the religion of Christ Christianity, Chris'tianism, s. the religion taught by Christ Christianize, v. a. to make Christian Christianlike, a. befitting a Christian Christianly,rt. in a Christian manner— ad. as a Christian Christian name, s. the name conferred at baptism Christinas, Christ'mas-day, s. the festival of the Birth of Christ, December 25 Christ'mas-box, s. a present given at Christmas-time Christ'mas-rose, s. a kind of hellebore, which flowers at midwinter Christlnas-tide, Christ'mas-time, *. the season in which Christmas occurs Chromatic, s. music which proceeds by semitones— a. relating to colours; pro¬ ceeding by semitones Chromatics, $. the science of colours Chromatog'raphy, s. a treatise on colours Chro'matrope, s. a contrivance for exhibit¬ ing beautiful combinations and gyra¬ tions of colour by the magic lantern Chrome yellow, s. a beautiful yellow paint Chronic, a. of long continuance Chronicle, s. history, register,record— v. a. to record in history Chronicler, s. historian, recorder of events Chron'ogram, s. an inscription, the nu¬ meral letters of which make up a date Clironogrammatlcal, a. containing a chro¬ nogram Chronogram'matist, s. a writer of chrono¬ grams Chronog'rapher, s. a clironologist Chronog'raphy, s. description of past time Chronolo'gical, a. relating to chronology Chronolo'gically, ad. in a chronological manner Chronol'ogist, Chronol'ogcr, *. one skilled in chronology Chronol'ogy, s.'the methods for determin¬ ing the dates of events; events record¬ ed in order of time; the date of an event I or events Chronom'eter, t. a clock or watch so con¬ structed as to show mean time CREDIT LOST IS LIKE A BROKEN LOOKING-GLASS.. I 113 j CONTEMN NOT POOR ACQUAINTANCE, NOR FLATTER RICH FRIENDS. CONTENTMENT IS TO THE MIND AS EIGHT TO THE EYE. CONFIDENCE IS THE COMPANION OF SUCCESS. CHii] lEnlargtB IHngltsI) Bidfonarp. [cm Chronomet'rical, a. relating to. chrono- metry or chronometers Chronom'etry,«. the art of measuring time Chrys'alis ». [Lat.], the form taken by butterflies, moths, &c. in passing from the caterpillar state to the perfect insect Chrys'olite, t. a green crystal, with a brown or yellow cast, used for jewellery; a topaz Chiwso'prasus, ». a greenish yellow kind or chalcedony Chub, a. the fish also named the cheven Chubt>ed, a. big-headed like a chub, stupid Chub'by, a. plump, fat Chub'faced, a. having a large fat face Chuck, v. to call as a hen calls her young; to jeer; to throw—s. a word of endear¬ ment ; a sudden small noise; a pat under the chin Chuck'le, v. to laugh in a suppressed man¬ ner— 3. a suppressed laugh Chuff, *. a blunt clownish person— a. surly Chuf'finess, s. clownishness; surliness Chuf'fy, s. blunt; surly; fat Chum, 3 . a chamber fellow; a messmate Chump, 3 . a short heavy piece of wood Churcn, s. a place of divine worship; the collective body of Christians ; a religious body united in creed, discipline, &c.— v. a. publicly to read the service of thanks after child-birth Church-dis'cipline, s. the maintenance of order and Christian conduct in a church CJiurch'goer, s. one who usually attends church Church'going, 3 . customary attendance at church Church'-history, s. the history of the Chris¬ tian church Church'ing, s. thanksgiving after child¬ birth Church'like, a. befitting a churchman Church'living, s. a benefice in the church Church'man, s. a clergyman; a member of the church of England Church'manship,8. state of being a church¬ man Church'member, s. one who is in commu¬ nion with a church ChurchmenYbership, s. the state of being a churchmember Church'path, Church'way ,$. the way lead¬ ing to church Churchprcf'erment, s. promotion to more valuable benefices in the church Cliurch'ship, s. institution of the church Churchwar'den, s. a parish officer, who has the care of the building, furniture, &c. of a church Church'yard, s. the cemetery adjoining the church Churl, 8. a niggard; a rustic, rude person Churlish, a. rude, surly, selfish Churlishly, ad. rudely, surly, brutally Churlishness, s. rudeness, ill-nature Churn, v. a. to make butter; to agitate—*. a vessel used to make butter in Cliur'ning, s. the act of making butter Chym'ical, Chym'ist, &c. See Chemical, &c. Cic'atrice, s. a scar left by a wound Cicatrization, *. the healing of a wound Cic'atrize, v. a. to heal a wound, skin over Cicero'ne, s. [Ital.], a guide ; a conductor Cicero'nian, a. resembling the style of Cicero Cicero'nianism, s. the style of Cicero Ci'der, a. a liquor made from apple juice Cigar', *. a roll of tobacco for smoking; of which the best kinds are from Havana Cigaret'te, s. tobacco folded in a piece of thin paper for smoking Cim'eter, a. Bee Scymitar Cinc'ture, *. a‘belt, sash, girdle, ring [ing Cin'der, s. the remains of coal after bum- Cin'erary, s. pertaining to ashes Cine'reous, a. resembling ashes in colour Cineri'tious, a. having tne form of ashes Cin'gle, *. See Surcingle Cin'nabar, 8. vermilion Cin'namon, s. a kind of aromatic bark Cinque, s. fFr.], five Cin'que-foil, s. a kind of five-leaved plant Ci'pher, s. the character (0) in numbers; the initials of a person’s name inter¬ woven ; a secret manner of writing— v. n. to cast accounts; to write in secret characters Ciphering, s. the art of casting accounts Circassian, s. a native of Circassia Cir'cle, *. a ring, an orb; a compass, a cir¬ cuit. a company— v. a. to move round anything; to enclose; to confine; to 1 move circularly Circled, a. in the form of a circle Cirtlet, 3. a small circle or orb Cir'cuit, 3. space, extent, act of moving round, anything; visitation of the judges— v. n. to move in a circle Circu'itous, a. going round in a circuit Circu'itously, ad. in a circuitous manner Cir'culable, a. that which may be circu¬ lated Cir'cular, e. a letter or paper sent round¬ el. like a circle, round Circular'ity, s. a circular form Cir'cularly, ad. ending in itself; in the form of a circle Circulate, v. a. to move round, to pass about, to diffuse Circulation, s. a circular motion, return; currency, whether coin or paper; the sale of a periodical publication Cir'culatory ? a. circular, circulating [ing Circumam'biency, s. the act of encompass- Circumam'bient, a. surrounding Circumam'bulate, v. n. to pass round about Cir'cumcise, v. a. to cut off the foreskin Cir'cumciser, s. one who circumcises Circumcis'ion, s. the religious rite of cutting off the fore-skin Circum'ference, *. a compass; a*; circle; the periphery or limit of a circle Circumferential, o. circular, enclosing round Cir'curaflect, v. a. to place the circumflex on w'ords Cir'cumflex, *. an accent marked thus (a) denoting a rise and a fall of the voice on the_same syllable—a. bent; turned round Circum'fluent, Circum'fluous, a. flowing round anything Circumfu'se, v. a. to diffuse, to spread everywhere; to pour round Circumja'cent,.