ftbe flfoatne Bulletin Entered at the Post Office' at Orono as second class matter Vol. Xlll University of Maine, Orono, March- April, 1911 No. 7 University of Maine College of Agriculture Department of Forestry 1911 - 1912 PRINTED FOR THE UNIVERSITY KENNEBEC JOURNAL PRINT AUGUSTA I9II nN»vFP?»rr of n f • — AUG 1 9 1915 University of Maine College of Agriculture Department of Forestry 1911 - 1912 PRINTED EOR THE UNIVERSITY KENNEBEC JOURNAL PRINT AUGUSTA I9II CONTENTS PAGE Calendar 5 Officers 7 F acuity 7 Establishment and Purpose 8 Equipment 8 Forestry 9 Terms of Admission 12 Entrance Requirements 13 Requirements in Detail 14 Requirements for Graduation 22 Student Expenses 22 Degree 25 Opportunities after Graduation 25 The Curriculum 25 Description of Courses 27 Objects of the Curriculum 36 List of Students 37 Illustrations Agricultural Building Students Studying Birch Growth Students Studying White Pine Foresters' Camp Students Preparing Forest Maps A View of the Campus Biological Laboratory Frontispiece 10 11 39 Facing Page 13 “ “ 24 “ “ 36 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/prospectus19111900univ CALENDAR FALL SEMESTER, 1911 September 15, 16, 18, 19, Arrearage examinations. September 15, 16, 18, 19, Entrance examinations. September 15, Friday, 8.00 a. m. Algebra. Elementary Algebra (Short Pharmacy). 4.30 p. m. English History. Botany. 1.30 p. m. Latin. 4.30 p. m. Roman History. September 16, Saturday, Solid Geometry. September 16, Saturday, 10.00 a. m. French. German. 1.30 p. m. English. 4.30 a. m. English History. September 18, Monday, 8.00 a. m. American History and Civil Government. Trigonometry. 10.00 a. m. Plane Geometry. 1.30 p. m. Physics. September 19, Tuesday, 8.00 a. m. Greek. Physiology. 10.00 a. m. Greek History. 1.30 p. m. Physiography. September 20, Wednesday, Registration begins, 1.30 p. m. September 21, Thursday, First chapel service, 11 a. m. November 21, Tuesday, Meeting of the Board of Trustees. November 22, Wednesday, Thanksgiving recess begins, 5.30 P. M. November 27, Monday, Thanksgiving recess ends, 12 m. December 8, Friday, Sophomore prize declamations. December 22, Friday, Christmas recess begins, 5.30 p. m. 1912 January 2, Tuesday, Christmas recess ends, 7.45 a. m. February 2, Friday, Fall semester ends. SPRING SEMESTER, 1912 February 3, Saturday, Registration. February 5, Monday, Spring semester begins. June 12, Wednesday, Com mEncement. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY APPOINTING BOARD Frank E. Mace, State Forest Commissioner, Augusta, Maine Robert Judson AeEy, Ph. D., LL. D., President of the University, Orono, Maine Payson Smith, M. A., LL. D., Litt. D., State Superintendent of Public Schools, Augusta, Maine FACULTY FOR THE FORESTRY CURRICULUM ROBERT JUDSON ALEY, Ph. D., EL. D., President of the University JAMES NORRIS HART, Sc. D., Dean of the University and Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy LEON STEPHEN MERRILL, M. D., Dean of the College of Agriculture LUCIUS HERBERT MERRILL, Sc. D., Professor of Biological and Agricultural Chemistry JACOB BERNARD SEGALL, Ph. D., Professor of Romance Languages HAROLD SHERBURNE BOARDMAN, C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering CHARLES PARTRIDGE WESTON, C. E., M. A., Professor of Mechanics and Drawing CHARLES BARTO BROWN, C. E., Professor of Railroad Engineering ROLAND PALMER GRAY, M. A, Professor of English RALPH HARPER McKEE, Ph. D, Professor of Chemistry GARRETT WILLIAM THOMPSON, Ph. D., Professor of German CHARLES ALBERT VARNUM, Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. A, Professor of Military Science and Tactics EDGAR RAMEY WINGARD, M. S., Professor of Physical Culture and Director of Athletics MINTIN ASBURY CHRYSLER, Ph. D, Professor of Biology JOHN MANVERS BRISCOE, M. F„ Professor of forestry GEORGE EDWARD SIMMONS, M. S., Professor of Agronomy EDSON FORBES HITCHINGS, M. S., Associate Professor of Horticulture Assistant Professor of Domestic Science LAURA COMSTOCK, 8 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE The list given above includes the heads of all departments in which instruction is required in the curriculum in Forestry. Additional in- struction is given by other members of the departments represented in this list and, in elective courses, by other members of the University Faculty. Special lectures are given, as arranged, by members of the United States Forest Service, of the State Department of Forestry, and of faculties of other forest schools. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY Establishment and Purpose The Department of Forestry at the University of Maine was estab- lished in 1902 and is the oldest undergraduate school of forestry in the United States. In the State of Maine where the lumber and pulp inter- ests are so great, the need of such a department was early recognized. The object of the department is to promote forestry throughout the State, and to provide a body of men suitably trained for the intelligent handling of forests who intend to make Forestry their profession. Equipment oe the Department The main office, class rooms, drawing rooms, and laboratories are located in Winslow Hall, the largest and most modern building on the campus. The ground plan of this building measures 63 feet by 100 feet and it contains over 40 rooms. It is built of brick, concrete and slate,- of Tudor style of architecture, and has four floors including a well lighted basement in which the Department has a large wood-storage room and lockers. On the second floor are the offices of the Depart- ment of Forestry and Agronomy with their respective lecture rooms; while across the whole front of the building on the third floor are the office, class-room, refrigerator, and laboratory of the Department of Horticulture. The remaining half of this floor is occupied by a large lecture room and two drawing rooms separated from the larger room by folding doors, so that the three rooms can be thrown into a large auditorium at any time. The interior finish and furniture are in a dark stain, and the building is equipped with electric light, elevator, hot and cold water, gas and high pressure steam for laboratory work. Besides the labora- tories and lecture rooms in the basement, there is a dark-room for photographic work, as well as lavatories and shower baths. The Department has a large electrical steriopticon and reflectroscope which is frequently used to illustrate the lectures, and there is a large supply of slides and photographs illustrating every phase of forestry work. The equipment of forestry instruments of both American and German make is very complete. Most of this equipment is entirely new, and all is of the best quality obtainable. It is provided and added to yearly by the State as the necessity arises. DEPARTMENT op forestry 9 The E. C. Atkins Company of Indianapolis, Indiana, has contributed a fine display of tools used in logging and milling that are manufactured by them. There are 54 samples in the exhibit, mounted on a back- ground of green velvet in a glass covered wall-case all furnished by the company. Each article is labeled and numbered thus adding materially to the value of the exhibit for use in the class room. The Belfast Axe Company of Belfast, Maine, has also promised a like display of the various patterns of tools that they manufacture. Two large pictures of logging locomotives have been received from the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There are also many wall maps and photographs from the United States Forest Service, as well as maps and pictures showing the work done by the Department. During the present year a collection of native woods and of the com- mercial woods of the Philippine Islands will be added. A forest nursery has been started in connection with the Department, and young forest trees are grown for the purpose of experimental planting. FORESTRY Forestry is the science and art of making the best use of the forest. The main branches of the subject are: Silviculture, Forest Policy, Forest Management, Forest Protection, and Forest Utilization. Silviculture involves the production and tending of forests. It in- cludes a study of the life history of trees, the manner in which they grow, their rate of growth, as well as the way in which a new forest can be started. The manner of starting a forest nursery, the kind of seed sown, the manner of sowing it, and the handling of the plant mate- rial are also considered. Forest Policy deals with the rights and duties of the State in its rela- tion to forestry and takes into consideration the vital subject of forest taxation and administration of state forests. Forest Management is the practical application of the science of for- estry. It includes a study of forest mensuration in which the present and future production of the forest is determined, the preparation of working plans and planting plans as well as a detailed scheme for the establishment of a new forest. The money return to be obtained from the forest is also a part of this subject. Forest Protection is a study of the factors which produce damage in the forest outside of those caused by its own growth, the chief of which are fire, insects and fungi, and considers the means by which such damage may be averted or controlled. Forest Utilization includes a study of the means by which our forest products can be used most profitably. It considers methods of harvest- ing and transporting the raw material of the forest and the prepara- tion of this material for the market. The study of Forestry is founded largely on the natural sciences and IO UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Studying Rate of Growth of Gray Birch Department possesses special advantages in the way of a forest area close to the University where many practical problems can be studied by the students preparing for the profession. The work of the Department of Forestry is conducted not only in the lecture room, drawing room, and laboratory, but in the woods owned by the University and in the surrounding wooded area easily reached by a few moments walk from the University, or by a short ride by trol- ley, all of which constitute a working laboratory of great practical value to the student. In the woods work the student has an opportunity to make a practical application of the knowledge gained in the class room. the most important of these to the forester is botany. The curriculum is arranged so that a student gets a good foundation knowledge of gen- eral botany and a working knowledge of the other botanical subjects that are of special importance to him in his forestry work. In addition to the work in botany he should have some knowledge of the principles of surveying. He should have a working knowledge of soils, since he is concerned with soil production in his practical work of forest manage- ment. The student is required to take work both in soils and surveying as a part of his preparation for the profession. The Department of Forestry aims to reach two classes of students, (i) — those who desire a general knowledge of Forestry; (2) — those who wish to prepare themselves for the profession of Forestry. The curriculum in Forestry is so arranged that it provides the basis of a liberal education as well as for practical work in Forestry. The DEPARTMENT op forestry 1 1 He learns how to estimate timber by different methods and how to compute the contents of logs and trees. He becomes familiar with the methods employed in collecting data for the study of tree growth and learns how to prepare tables giving the contents of trees, from which the contents of trees on a given area may be determined. In addition to being shown how to make thinnings for the improvement of the for- est, he is given an opportunity to put his knowledge to a practical test by actually taking part in such work and marking the trees to be cut As a part of the practical work the student is also required to map the forest growth on an area of 2000 to 3000 acres in extent. The different kinds of forest growth are represented on the map by colors and a re- port is prepared describing the tract and the forest growth, the idea being to make the student familiar with the method of presenting his ideas in report form. Study of Rate of Growth of White Pine. — Students Preparing the Tree There are thousands of acres of woodland in the immediate vicinity, representing many different conditions of growth, and demonstrating the need of care and attention. Large lumbering operations are carried on at many points which may be reached easily by rail within a few hours, where the details of practical lumbering operations may be observed. Cut-over lands and the various stages of regeneration of the forest are close at hand. Students are expected to put into practice what they have learned, by taking part, under proper supervision, in the actual work of caring for the woods on the university land. 12 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE The location of the University is such that in its immediate neighbor- hood are several establishments for converting the forest product into pulp and paper. Among these are a mechanical pulp-mill run in con- nection with the manufacture of newspaper stock, a mill which converts the wood into pulp by the sulphite process, and a mill which uses the soda process. Close at hand, too, are many mills and wood manufactur- ing establishments of various kinds. The University library is well equipped with works on and relating to Forestry, as well as journals and periodicals relating to forests and lumbering. The students in the curriculum in Forestry have the advantage of coming into direct personal contact with the head of their own depart- ment. They are broadened by being brought into intimate relations in their class rooms and elsewhere with students pursuing courses in the other Colleges of the University, and in their elective work have a wide range of choice which these other courses and colleges make possible. ADMISSION GenERAi, Requirements. — Applicants for admission must pass the required examinations, or present satisfactory certificates of fitness, and file with the Treasurer a bond for $150 signed by two bondsmen, as security for the payment of term bills. A cash deposit covering the bills of one semester will be accepted in place of a bond. SpECIAe Students. — Persons not candidates for a degree, who wish to take special studies, may be permitted to do so, if, upon examination, they give satisfactory evidence that they are prepared to take the desired studies. This privilege is intended for students of unusual maturity or previous advancement in particular subjects, rather than for those who are incompetent to pursue a regular course. Candidates under twenty- one years of age will not be received as special students, unless they have completed the regular requirements for admission. Admission by Examinations Entrance examinations are held at Orono, beginning four days before the opening of the fall semester, and on the Wednesday, Thursday, Fri- day, and Saturday preceding Commencement. To save expense to can- didates, examination papers will be. sent to any satisfactory person, who will consent to conduct examinations on the days appointed in June. If possible these examinations should be in charge of the principal of the school. Papers will not be sent at any other time. The questions are to be submitted under the usual restrictions of a written examination, and the answers returned to the University immediately, accompanied by the endorsement of the examiner. The examinations must be given on the days appointed in the schedule. Applications for such examinations must be made out on blanks to be obtained from the Secretary of the Faculty. Candidates for admission by examination, particularly those Drawing Room. — Students Preparing Forest Maps DEPARTMENT OE FORESTRY 13 examined at Orono in September, should present statements from their Principals regarding their fitness to take the examinations, and to under- take college work. The examinations given by the College Entrance Ex- amination Board will be accepted by the University. A candidate who wishes to be examined on part of this work in advance of the year in which he proposes to enter the University may receive credit for such examination, provided he offers not less than one-half of his prepara- tory work. It is advised that candidates avail themselves of this privi- lege as far as possible. Examinations on subjects which are to be con- tinued in college should not be taken more than one year in advance. Admission by Certificate Certificates for admission to the freshman class without examination are accepted only from graduates of schools approved by the New England College Entrance Certificate Board (except in the case of schools outside of New England). A list of approved schools will be sent upon application. They will not be accepted for non-graduates except in extraordinary cases, and then only provided the candidate is expressly recommended for admission by the Principal of the school from which he comes. Certificates must be made out on blanks fur- nished by the University. Certificates from schools approved by the New England College Entrance Certificate Board will be accepted at any of the institutions co-operating to maintain it. Any Superintendent or Principal desiring to have a school under his charge placed upon the approved list should apply before April 1st to the Secretary of the Board, Professor Nathaniel F. Davis, 159 Brown St., Providence, R. I. ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS The requirements for admission are those adopted by the Maine Asso- ciation of Colleges and Preparatory Schools. To gain admission, 28 points must be offered by the candidates, ac- cording to the following schedule (to count two points, a subject must be pursued for one school year, with five recitation periods, of at least 45 minutes each, a week) : Required Subjects College Entrance English Algebra Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Optional Subjects (16 Points to be Chosen) (Of these, two years of one modern language, one year of science, and one year of history must be taken. Candidates entering a B. S. counts 6 points “ 3 “ “ 2 “ “ 1 point 14 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE course and offering four years of Latin may complete their entrance credits without a modern language, but must take at least four credits in modern language in college.) Each year of French “ “ German “ “ Latin “ “ Greek Advanced Mathematics (Algebra and Trigonometry) * Mechanical Drawing * Manual Training Chemistry (including note-book) Physics (including note-book) Physiography (one-half year or one year) Biology (including note-book) Botany (including note-book) Zoology (including note-book) Physiology Roman History Greek History English History American History and Civil Government Candidates who are well prepared in, all the required subjects, but whose high-school course has included other subjects, instead of some of the electives mentioned above, will be allowed to substitute any sub- jects that will furnish a real equivalent. Each case of such proposed substitution will be considered upon its merits. counts 2 points “ 2 “ “ 2 “ “ 2 “ “ 2 “ “ I point “ I “ “ 2 points “ 2 “ counts I point or 2 “ counts 2 “ “ 2 “ “ 2 “ “ i point “ i “ “ i “ “ I “ “ i “ REQUIREMENTS IN DETAIL The following statement shows in detail the requirements in each subj ect. Languages English. — The entrance examination in English presupposes courses in Composition and English Literature pursued in the high school during four years. Prospective students are warned against attempting to pre- pare the required work in one year. Progress in Composition particu- larly is of slow growth, and requires almost daily cultivation during a long period of time. Books, to be thoroughly enjoyed and appreciated, should be read leisurely and under favorable circumstances. Rhetoric . — Candidates are expected to have had practice in composi- tion for at least three days a week during the whole four years of the * Graduates from high schools giving a full manual training course may receive credit for mechanical drawing, manual training, and free- hand drawing on the basis of one credit for five forty-five minute periods per week for one year in cne subject taken in the high school. DEPARTMENT OE FORESTRY 15 high school, and to have included in the latter part of their course such work in the elements of Rhetoric, for example, as is contained in Car- penter’s Rhetoric and Composition. Grammar. — The examination on the B list of books will include inci- dentally questions on the syntax of sentences, and on general grammati- cal principles. The grammatical sense is slowly acquired. Grammar, therefore, should be studied in the early grades and kept up from year to year and not formally introduced in some one grade, as the seventh or eighth. Weight of Composition. — The examination is mainly designed to test the candidate’s ability to express his thought correctly and clearly. It is quite possible to answer all questions on the literature correctly, and yet fail on the examination as a whole because of crude and ungram- matical English. Prospective candidates are advised to give especial attention to spelling, punctuation, grammatical correctness, idiomatic words and phrases, sentence and paragraph formation. Subjects. — The subjects for the short compositions will be taken from the A list of books ; also from the candidate’s general knowledge and experience. The prescribed books are those adopted by the Conference on Uni- form Entrance Requirements. The A list is for general reading. The candidate is not expected to have a detailed knowledge of these books ; but such acquaintance with them as naturally follows intelligent and appreciative reading. For 1910, 1911, and 1912, the books are as follows: A. Group I (two to be selected) : Shakespeare’s As You Like It, Henry V, Julius Caesar, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night. Group II (one to be selected): Bacon’s Essays; Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Part I; The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers in the Spectator; Franklin’s Autobiography. Group III (one to be selected): Chaucer’s Prologue; Spenser’s Faerie Queen, (selections); Pope’s The Rape of the Lock; Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village: Palgrave’s Golden Treasury, (First Series) Books II and III, with especial attention to Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper, and Burns. Group IV (two to be selected) : Goldsmith’s Vicar of Wakefield; Scott’s Ivanhoe, Quentin Durward ; Hawthorne’s House of the Seven Gables ; Thackeray’s Henry Esmond ; Mrs. Gas- kell’s Cranford; Dicken’s Tale of Two Cities; George Eliot’s Silas Marner ; Blackmore’s Lorna Doone. Group V (two to be selected) : Irving’s Sketch Book; Lamb’s Essays of Elia; De Quincey’s Joan of Arc, The English Mail Coach ; Carlyle’s Heroes and Hero Worship ; Emerson’s Essays (selected) ; Ruskin’s Sesame and Lilies. Group VI (two to be selected) : Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner; Scott’s Lady of the Lake ; Byron’s Mazeppa, The Prisoner of Chillon ; Palgrave’s Golden Treasury, (First Series) Book V, with special attention to Words- worth, Keats, and Shelley; Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome; Poe’s Poems; Lowell’s Vision of Sir Launfal; Arnold’s Sohrab and Rustum ; Longfellow’s Courtship of Miles Standish ; Tennyson’s Gareth and Lynette, Lancelot and Elaine, and The Passing of Arthur ; Browning’s Cavalier Tunes, The Lost Leader, How They Brought the Good News i6 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE from Ghent to Aix, Evelyn Hope, Home Thoughts from Abroad, Home Thoughts from the Sea, Incident of the French Camp, The Boy and the Angel, One Word More, Herve Riel, and Pheidippides. The B list of books is for thorough study. The examination will be upon subject matter, form, and structure. B. Shakespeare’s Macbeth ; Milton’s Lycidas, Comus, L’Allegro, and II Penseroso ; Burke’s Speech on Conciliation with America, or Wash- ington’s Farewell Address, and Webster’s First Bunker Hill Oration; Macaulay’s Life of Johnson, or Carlyle’s Essay on Burns. French. — The admission requirements in elementary and advanced French are those recommended by the Modern Language Association of America. I. Elementary French At the end of the second year the pupil should be able to pronounce French accurately, to read at sight easy French prose, to put into French simple English sentences taken from the language of everyday life, or based upon a portion of the French text read, and to answer questions on the rudiments of the grammar as defined below. The first year’s work should comprise: (i) careful drill in pronuncia- tion; (2) the rudiments of grammar, including the inflection of the regular and the more common irregular verbs, the plural of nouns, the inflection of adjectives, participles, and pronouns; the use of personal pronouns, common adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions; order of words in the sentence, and elementary rules of syntax; (3) abundant easy exercises, designed not only to fix in memory the forms and prin- ciples of grammar, but also to cultivate readiness in reproducing natural forms of expression; (4) the reading of 100 to 175 duodecimo pages of graduated texts, with constant practice in translating into French easy variations of the sentences read (the teacher giving the English), and in reproducing from memory sentences previously read; (5) writing French from dictation. The second year’s work should comprise: (1) the reading of 250 to 400 pages of easy modern prose in the form of stories, plays, or histo- rical or biographic sketches ; (2) constant practice, as in the previous year, in translating into French easy variations upon the texts read; (3) frequent abstracts, sometimes oral and sometimes written, of portions of the text already read; (4) writing French from dictation; (5) continued drill upon the rudiments of grammar, with constant application in the construction of sentences ; (6) mastery of the forms and use of pro- nouns, prenominal adjectives, of all but the rare irregular verb forms, and of the simpler uses of the conditional and subjunctive. Suitable texts for the second year are : About, le Roi des montagnes ; Bruno, le Tour de la France; Daudet, Easier Short Tales; De la Bedolliere, la Mere Michel et son chat; Erckmann-Chatrian’s Stories; Foa, Contes biographiques and le Petit Robinson de Paris; Foncin, le Pays de France; Labiche and Martin, la Poudre aux yeux and le V oy- DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY 17 age de M. Perrichon; Legouve and Labiche, la Cigale chez les fourmis ; Malot, Sans famille; Mairet, la Tdche du petit Pierre; Merimee, Colomba; Extracts from Michelet; Sarcey, le Siege de Paris ; Verne’s Stories. II. Advanced French At the end of the third year the pupil should be able to read at sight ordinary French prose or simple poetry, to translate into French a con- nected passage of English based on the text read, and to answer ques- tions involving a more thorough knowledge of syntax than is expected in the elementary course. This should comprise the reading of 400 to 600 pages of French of ordinary difficulty, a portion to be in the dramatic form ; constant prac- tice in giving French paraphrases, abstracts or reproductions from memory of selected portions of the matter read ; the study of a gram- mar of moderate completeness; writing from dictation. Suitable texts are : About’s Stories ; Augier and Sandeau, le Gendre de Ml. Poirier; Beranger’s Poems; Corneille, le Cid and Horace; Coppee’s Poems; Daudet, la Belle Nivernaise ; La Brete, Mon oncle et mon cure ; Madame de Sevigne’s Letters ; Hugo, Hernani and la Chute ; Labiche’s Plays; Loti, Pecheur d’Islande ; Mignet’s Historical Writings; Moliere, I’Avare and le Bourgeois gentilhomme ; Racine, Athalie, Andromaque, and Esther; George Sand’s Plays and Stories; Candeau, Mademoiselle de la Seigliere; Scribe’s Plays; Thierry, Recits; Vigny, la Canne de jonc; Voltaire’s Historical Writings. At the end of the fourth year the pupil should be able to read at sight, with the help of a vocabulary of special or technical expressions, difficult French not earlier than that of the seventeenth century; to write in French a short essay on some simple subject connected with the works read; to put into French a passage of easy English prose, and to carry on a simple conversation in French. This should comprise the reading of from 600 to 1000 pages of stand- ard French, classical and modern, only difficult passages being explained in the class; the writing of numerous short themes in French; the study of syntax. Suitable reading matter will be : Beaumarchais’ Barbier de Seville; Corneille’s dramas; the elder Dumas’ Prose Writings; the younger Dumas la Question d’ argent; Hugo Ruy Bias, Lyrics, and Prose Writings; La Fontaine’s Fables; Lamartine Graziella; Marivaux’s Plays; Moliere’s Plays; Musset’s Plays and Poems; Pellissier Mouve- ment litteraire au XIX siccle; Renan, Souvenirs d’cnfance et de jeunesse ; Rousseau’s Writings; Sainte-Beuve’s Essays: Taine, Origines de la France contemporaine ; Voltaire’s Writings; Selections from Zola, Maupassant, and Balzac. The examinations of the College Entrance Certificate Board in Ele- mentary French will be accepted for four points, and that in advanced French for two additional points. i8 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE German. — The admission requirements in elementary and advanced German are those recommended by the Modern Languages Association of America. I. Elementary German The. first year's work should comprise: (i) careful drill upon pro- nunciation ; (2) memorizing and frequent repetition of easy colloquial sentences; (3) drill upon the rudiments of grammar, that is, upon the inflection of the articles, of such nouns as belong to the language of everyday life, of adjectives, pronouns, weak verbs, and the more usual strong verbs ; also in the use of the more common prepositions, the simpler uses of the modal auxiliaries, and the elementary rules of syntax and word order ; (4) abundant easy exercises designed not only to fix in mind the forms and principles of grammar, but also to cultivate readiness in reproducing natural forms of expression; (5) the reading of 75 to 100 pages of graduated texts from a reader, with constant practice in translating into German easy variations upon sentences selected from the reading lesson (the teacher giving the English), and in reproducing from memory sentences previously read. The second year’s work should comprise: (1) the reading of 150 to 200 pages of literature in the form of easy stories and plays; (2) accom- panying practice, as before, in translating into German easy variations upon the matter read, also in the off-hand reproduction, sometimes orally and sometimes in writing, of the substance of short and easy selected passages; (3) continued drill in the rudiments of grammar, to enable the pupil, first, to use his knowledge with facility in forming sentences, and second, to state his knowledge correctly in the technical language of grammar. Stories suitable for the elementary course can be selected from the following list: Andersen, Marchen and Bilderbuch ohne Bilder; Baum- bach, Die Nonna and Der Schwiegersohn ; Gerstacker, Germelshausen; Heyse, V Arrabbiata, Das Mddchen von Treppi, and Anfang und Ende; Hillern, Hoher als die Kirche; Jensen, Die braune Erica; Leander, Trdumereien and Kleine Geschichten ; Seidl, Marchen; Stokl, Unter dem Christbaum; Storm, Immensee and Geschichten aus dcr Tonne; Zschokke, Der zerbrochenb Krug. The best shorter plays available are : Benedix, Der Prozess, Der Weiberfeind, and Gunstige Vorzeichen; Elz, Er ist nicht eifersuchtig; Wichert, An der Majorsecke ; Wilhelmi, Einer muss heiraten. Only one of these plays need be read, and the narrative style should pre- dominate. A good selection of reading matter for the second year would be Andersen, Marchen, or Bilderbuch, or Leander, Trdumereien, to the extent of about forty pages. Afterward, such a story as Das kalte Herz, or Der zerbrochene Krug; then Hoher als die Kirche, or Immensee ; next a good story by Heyse, Baumbach, or Seidl ; last Der Prozess. DEPARTMENT oe forestry 19 II. Advanced German The work should comprise, in addition to the elementary course, the reading of about 400 pages of moderately difficult prose and poetry, with constant practice in giving, sometimes orally and sometimes in writing, paraphrases, abstracts, or reproductions from memory of selected portions of the matter read ; also grammatical drill in the less usual strong verbs, the use of articles, cases, auxiliaries of all kinds, tenses and modes (with especial reference to the infinitive and subjunc- tive), and likewise in word order and word formation. To do this work two school years are usually required. Suitable reading matter for the third year can be selected from such works as the following: Ebner-Eschenbach, Die Freiherr en von Gem- perlein; Freytag, Die J ournalisten and Bilder aus der deutschen Ver- gangenheit , for example, Karl der Grosse, Aus den Kreuzziigen, Doktor Luther, Aus dem Staat Friedrichs des Grossen; Fouque, Undine; Ger- stacker, Irrfahrten; Goethe, Hermann und Dorothea and Iphigenie ; Heine’s poems and Reisehilder ; Hoffman, Historische Erzdhlungen; Lessing, Minna von Barnhelm; Meyer, Gustav Adolfs Page ; Moser, Der Bibliothekar ; Riehl, Novellcn, for example, Burg Neideck, Der Fluch der Schonheit, Der stumme Ratsherr, Das Spielmannskind ; Rosegger, W aldheimat ; Schiller, Der Neffe als Onkel, Der Geisterseher, Wilhelm Tell, Die Jungfrau von Orleans, Das Lied von der Glocke, Balladcn; Scheffel, Der Trompcter von Sdkkingen; Uhland’s poems; Wildenbruch, Das cdle Blut. A good selection would be: (1) one of Riehl’s novelettes; (2) one of Freytag’s “pictures;” (3) part of Undine or Der Geisterseher ; (4) a short course of reading in lyrics and ballads; (5) a classical play by Schiller, Lessing, or Goethe. The examinations of the College Entrance Certificate Board in ele- mentary German will be accepted for four points, and that in advanced German for two additional points. Latin. — The entrance examination in Latin will consist of four parts as follows : 1. An examination on the elements of Latin grammar and easy trans- lations. 2. a. An examination in sight translation of Latin prose suited to test the ability of a candidate who has read from Csesar (Gallic War and Civil War) and Nepos (Lives) an amount not less than Csesar, Gallic War, I-IV. b. Questions on the ordinary forms and constructions of Latin gram- mar and the translation of easy English sentences into Latin. 3. a. An examination on Cicero, speeches for the Manilian Law and for Archias, with questions on subject-matter, literary and historical allusions, and grammar. b. An examination in sight translation of Latin prose adapted to candidates who have read from Cicecro (speeches, letters, and De Senec- tute) and Sallust' (Catiline and Jugurthine War) an amount not less 20 UNIVERSITY 0E MAINE than Cicero, speeches against Catiline I-IV, for the Manilian Law, and for Archias. c. A test in writing simple Latin prose which shall demand a thor- ough knowledge of all regular inflections, all common irregular forms, and the ordinary syntax and vocabulary of the prose authors read in school. 4 . a. An examination on Vergil, H^neid, I, II, and either IV or VI at the option of the candidate, with questions on subject-matter, literary and historical allusions, and prosody. b. An examination in sight translation of Latin poetry adapted to candidates who have read from Vergil (Bucolics, Georgies, and yEneid) and Ovid (Metamorphoses, Fasti, and Tristia) an amount not less than Vergil, yEneid, I- VI. A candidate may obtain separate credit for each part. Each repre- sents a year’s work and entrance credit for two points. In parts 2 and 3 candidates must deal satisfactorily with both the sight and set passages, or they will not be given credit for either. Greek — T he grammar, including prosody; Xenophon’s Anabasis, books 1 -IV ; Homer’s Iliad, books I-III ; the sight translation of easy passages from Xenophon ; the translation into Greek of easy passages based on the required books of the Anabasis. For the last a vocabulary of less usual words will be furnished. Equivalent readings will be accepted in place of those prescribed. History Greek History. — History of Greece, to the capture of Corinth, 146 B. C., Myers, Morey, or Botsford. Roman History. — -A knowledge of Roman history, down to the death of Marcus Aurelius, such as may be obtained from Allen’s Short History of the Roman People, or from Myer’s Rome : Its Rise and Fall, or from Morey’s Outlines of Roman History. English History. — A knowledge such as may be obtained from Mont- gomery, Coman and Kendall, Terry, or Cheyney’s History of England. United States History and Civil Government. — A knowledge such as may be obtained from Fiske, Hart, Montgomery, or McLaughlin’s History of the United States. Mathematics Algebra. — The four fundamental operations for rational algebraic expressions. Factoring, determination of highest common factor and lowest common multiple by factoring. Fractions, including complex fractions, and ratio and proportion. Linear equations, both numerical and literal, containing one or more unknown quantities. Problems depending on linear equations. Radicals, including the extraction of the square root of polynomials and of numbers. Exponents, including the fractional and negative. DEPARTMENT of forestry 21 Quadratic equations, both numerical and literal. Simple cases of equa- tions with one or more unknown quantities, that can be solved by the methods of linear or quadratic equations. Problems depending on quad- ratic equations. The binomial theorem for positive integral exponents. The formulas for the nth term and the sum of the terms of arithmetical and geometrical progressions, with applications. It is assumed that pupils will be required throughout the course to solve numerous problems which involve putting questions into equations. Some of these problems should be chosen from mensuration, from physics, and from commercial life. The use of graphical methods and illustrations, particular in connection with the solution of . equations, is also expected. Plane Geometry. — The usual theorems and constructions of good text books, including the general properties of plane rectilinear figures ; the circle and the measurements of angles ; similar polygons ; areas ; reg- ular polygons and the measurement of the circle. Solid Geometry. — The usual theorems and constructions of good text books, including the relations of planes and lines in space ; the prop- erties and measurement of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, and cones ; the sphere and the spherical triangle. Trigonometry. — Definitions and relations of the six trigonometric functions as ratios; circular measurement of angles. Proofs of principal formulas, in particular for the sine, cosine, and tangent of the sum and the difference of two angles, of the double angle and the half angle ; the product expressions for the sum or the difference of two sines or of two cosines, etc. ; the transformation of trigonometric expressions by means of these formulas. Solution of trigonometric equations of a simple char- acter. Theory and use of logarithms (without the introduction of work involving infinite series). The solution of right and oblique triangles, and practical applications, including the solution of right spherical tri- angles. Advanced Algebra. — Permutations and combinations, limited to simple cases. Complex numbers, with graphical representation of sums and differences. Determinants, chiefly of the second, third and fourth orders, including the use of minors and the solution of linear equations. Numerical equations of higher degree, and so much of the theory of equations with graphical methods, as is necessary for their treatment, including Descartes’s rule of signs and Horner’s method, but not Sturm’s functions or multiple roots. Sciences * Chemistry. — The necessary ground is covered by the following text- books : Brownlee and others, Hessler and Smith, McPherson and Hen- derson, and Newell. 22 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Physical Geography (Physiography). — A satisfactory preparation may be obtained from Appleton’s Physical Geography. * Physics. — The work usually covered in one year in a good fitting school. * Bioeogy. — This may consist of a continuous course for one year deal- ing with the problems of general biology, including the study of the structure, functions, and habits of both plants and animals ; a course for one year in botany alone ; a course for one year in zoology alone ; or a course for one-half year in human physiology. The human physiology may be arranged to form a part of the general biology, or of the zoology; but in such cases it must be treated as an integral part of the subject under consideration. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION The college year is divided equally into a fall semester and a spring semester. Five recitation hours a week of successful work for one semester entitle a student to one credit. The minimum is seventeen hours a week (exclusive of physical training and military science), lead- ing to three and two-fifths credits. Six credits in the major subject represent the minimum requirement for a degree. In making up the quota of studies, laboratory work, and other subjects not requiring prepa- ration, count as half time, unless otherwise specified; such subjects are marked with a star (*) or dagger (t) in the detailed description of courses of instruction. STUDENT EXPENSES An estimate of the necessary annual expenses of a student in any department, except the College of Law, is made in the following table. For the expenses of students in the College of Law, see the article on that College. It should be noticed that clothing, traveling, vacation, society, and personal expenses are not included in the table. These vary according to individual tastes and habits. The table is made up for men students who room in Oak Hall and board at the Commons. The necessary expenses of other students are sometimes lower, but usually slightly higher. In all cases an allowance must be made for personal incidental expenses. * The work in these sciences must include certified note-books exhibit- ing the results of experimental work performed by the student. In physics fort)r exercises are required and in chemistry fifty exercises. These note-books should be presented at the examination. In the case of students certificated in the sciences, the principal is expected to pass upon the quality of the note-books rather than send them to the University. department oe forestry 23 Annual Expenses for Students from Maine. Tuition, registration fee, and incidentals for the year. . $60 00 Laboratory fees, (average) about 10 00 Text-books, about 15 00 Board, 36 weeks at $3.50 126 00 Heat and light for half room, and general care of dormitory 3° 60 Total $241 60 The tuition charge is $30.00 a semester, or $60.00 a year for students from Maine. For students from outside the state the tuition is $35-00 a semester, or $70.00 a year. Tuition includes what has heretofore been . subdivided into tuition, incidentals, and registration fees. The registration fee of $5.00, which is included in the tuition charge, must be paid at the beginning of each semester before the student enters any classes. A fee of $2.00 is charged for any special examination. The incidental fee is $10.00 a semester, or $20.00 a year, and covers heat and light for public buildings, reading-room charges, care of public rooms, and miscellaneous expenses. A student obliged to leave the University within two weeks after the beginning of the semester may have the foregoing amounts refunded with the exception of the registration fee. A student leaving within the first half of the semester receives a rebate of one-half the incidental expenses, and one-half of the tuition. No other rebate is made. The cost of text-books will average about $15.00 a year for the course. These may be bought at the University store. The expense may be decreased by buying second-hand books. Students in the laboratories and shops pay certain charges to cover the cost of materials and maintenace. These charges are as follows : chemistry, per course, $2.oo-$5.oo ; mineralogy, $2.00 ; biology, per course, $2.00 to $3.00 ; civil engineering, $2.00 to $5.00. The largest item of expense is board. At the Commons, the univer- sity boarding house, the price is $3.50 per week. Board may be obtained in clubs or private families at prices ranging from $3.50 to $4.50 a week. The charge for rooms in Oak Hall is eighty-five cents a week for each student, when two occupy a room. This pays for heat and light, and for the lighting and care of the halls, public rooms, and dormitory. Students in Oak Hall supply their own furniture with the exception of a cot bed. Applicants for rooms in Oak Hall or Mt. Vernon House should make early application to the Secretary, as the accommodations are limited. Students are required to furnish three sheets and two pillow cases in addition to the other bedding. All students, except incoming freshmen, who reserve rooms in Oak Hall will be required to make a deposit of $5.00 before August first. 24 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE The University does not assume responsibility for furniture left by students in their rooms. Such furniture is left at the student’s risk. Furnished rooms, with light and heat, may be obtained in the village for $1.50 a week if occupied by one person, or $2.00 to $3.00 a week if occupied by two persons. Expenses in connection with athletics are met by voluntary subscrip- tions. They amount to $10.00 a year. A four story building in the village of Orono, known as the University Inn, provides board and rooms for a number of students. Hannibal Hamlin Hall for Men The rooms are furnished with a desk, chair, single bed with spring and mattress for each student, and chiffonier for each two students. The rooms in the end sections are in suites of three and will accommodate four students each. In the middle section rooms are single and will accommodate two students each. Each students must furnish a pillow, the requisite amount of bed clothing, including pillow cases, sheets and towels. Board is furnished in the dining room at $3.50 per week. Students desiring rooms reserved for them are required to make a deposit of $5 on, or before, August 1st. In case a student is prevented from entering college by any reasonable excuse, this deposit will be re- turned to him, provided the Institution is notified at least one week before the opening of the fall semester. If the student occupies the room, the deposit will be credited on his term bills. Each student, when he receives a room key is required to make a deposit of $5. So much of this as is not needed to pay for breakage, will be returned upon the surrender of the key. Students are required to care for their own rooms and will be ex- pected to keep them in a neat and clean condition. The University takes care of the halls and stairways and launders the bed linen. PRICE OF ROOMS. Suite (3 rooms) No. 102, 104, no, 112, 202, 204, 210, 212, 302, 304, 310, 312; four students in a suite, $1.25 per student. Suite (3 rooms) No. 101, 103, 109, in, 201, 203, 209, 211, 301, 303, 309, 311, 401, 402, 403, 404, 409, 410, 411, 412; four students in a suite, $1.00 per student. Room (single) No. 206, 208, 306, 308; two students in a room, $1.25 per student. Room (single) No. 205, 207, 305, 307, 405, 406, 407, 408; two students in a room, $1.00 per student. Each student is required to deposit with the treasurer a bond, with two names as sureties, in the amount of $150.00 to cover bills. Blank forms for bonds will be furnished by the Secretary upon application. Those who keep a sufficient deposit with the Treasurer to cover the bills of one semester will not be required to furnish a bond. The deposit A View on the Campus DEPARTMENT oe forestry 25 required from Maine students is $95.00 for those who board at the Commons, and $35.00 for those who do not. For students outside of Maine these amounts are $100.00 and $40.00. This deposit is in addition to the registration fee, and must be paid at the beginning of each sem- ester. No student will be allowed to graduate who is in debt to the treasury. A circular containing a fuller statement in regard to expenses, and treating of the opportunities for self-help may be obtained upon appli- cation. THE FORESTRY CURRICULUM A complete undergraduate curriculum is arranged which will serve as the basis not only of practical work in forestry, but also of a liberal education. During the first two years much attention is given to biology and civil engineering both of which are very important fundamentals upon which are built the more technical forestry courses. A knowl- edge of the principles of forestry in its different branches is given to the student, and considerable practical work is done in the forest. The woodlands belonging to the University together with adjacent lands cov- ered by young forest, furnish a field for the study of many forest prob- lems. Field trips are made and demonstration thinnings and plantations made at various places throughout the State. The instruction in this department consists of lectures, recitations, laboratory and field work, the latter consuming a considerable portion of the scheduled time during the Junior and Senior years. Students who complete the curriculum are admitted to advanced stand- ing in the graduate schools of forestry and are thus able to shorten the time required to obtain a master’s degree. Students completing the curriculum are, however, prepared to go directly into practical work, and up to the present time there has been no difficulty in placing gradu- ates in permanent positions. There are good openings for students to obtain work in the Maine woods during the summer vacations, and many take advantage of the opportunity to get practical experience, and at the same time aid in defraying the expense of their University course. Besides the prescribed work in other departments, courses 4 to 14 in- clusive are required of all students majoring in Forestry, and courses 3 and 15 are recommended as electives for these students. Course 1 is open to all students, but is not required of students majoring in Forestry. At graduation the student receives the degree of Bachelor of Science in Forestry. The demand for educated and trained foresters, by individuals and corporations, by the United States Forest Service, and the various state departments of Forestry, is at present greater than the supply. The compensation of skilled foresters is as great as or greater than that of the average engineer, and the profession of Forestry has many attrac- tions for men of good physique who are fond of out of doors life and have a love for the woods. 26 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Forestry Curriculum Requirements eor Graduation Freshman Year Fael Semester Spring Semester Subj ect Hours General Biology i 5 General Chemistry i 2 Laboratory Chemistry 3 2 Drawing 1 *6 2 Military Training *3 1 Physical Training Algebra and Trig. 2 & 4 5 Public Speaking ia 1 English Comp. & Rhetoric. ... 3 21 Yu Sophom Soils 1 2 Soil Physics 2 1 Dendrology 17 4 Plane Surveying ia, ib 2 j 4 Expository Comp. 2a 2 Military Training 1 Modern Language 3 Plant Histology 10 4 Subject Hours General Biology 1 5 General Chemistry 1 3 Laboratory Chemistry 3 2 Drawing 1 *6 2 Military Training *3 1 Physical Training *4 Algebra & Geometry 2 & 1 . . . . 5 Public Speaking ib 1 English Comp. & Rhetoric 4. . 2 21^ Dendrology 17 4 Plant Physiology 11 4 Plane Surveying 2b, 2c ij 4 Expository Comp. 2b 1 Military Training 1 Princ. of Fruit Growing 1 2 Modern Language 2 Money and Banking 2a 2 19^2 Junior Year Railroad Field-work 4b & c Geology 5 Modern Language History of the U. S. 5. .. . Gen. Horticulture 9 Forest Measurements 10... Electives Advanced Surveying 9a. 3 Advanced Surveying 9b. 3 Modern Language 2 Plant Pathology 16 3 Business Law 6 2 Forest Measurements 10. 3 Electives 1 2 2 3 3 2 4 18 Senior Year Lumbering 12 3 Forest Management 13. Silviculture 6 2 Silviculture 7 Silviculture 8 *6 2 Silviculture 9 *6 History of Forestry 4 2 Meteorology 6 Princ. of Breeding 18 2 Landscape Gardening 8. 17 1 2 2 2 2 DEPARTMENT OE FORESTRY 27 Fall Semester Subj ect Hours Political Economy ia 2 Electives 4 17 Spring Semester Subj ect Hours Modern History 2 3 Electives 1 Thesis 5 18 150 hours total. Blech Animal Industry 3 2 Animal Industry 4. f 2 1 Bacteriology 3, f6 2 Biology 7 2 Biology 2, f 4 2 Biology 12 Chemistry 7 5 Chemistry 14, f8 or f 10... 4 or 5 Civil Engineering 3b 1 Civil Engineering 4b 1 Civil Engineering 4c 1 Drawing 10, *6 2 English, French, or German History or Mathematics Mechanical Engineering ib... iy 2 Philosophy 5a 2 Physics 12 5 Spanish Camp Cooking 2 Psychology es Animal Industry 5 2 Bacteriology 2 1 Bacteriology 4 Biology 8 5 Biology 12 Chemistry 3, f4 2 Chemistry 13, f3 1^2 Civil Engineering 3a 2 Civil Engineering 4a 1 Civil Engineering 8 2 English, French, or German Forest Mapping 1 History or Mathematics Mech. Engineering 2, *4 i/> Philosophy 4 2 Philosophy 5a 2 Physics 5, *5 2 Spanish Wood Technology Veterinary Science f6 3 Description cf the Forestry Courses Professor Briscoe 1. General Forestry. — The importance and scope of the subject; forest as a soil-former and soil-improver ; relation of forest to health of a community ; relation to the State ; esthetic value ; influence on floods; importance of forest in irrigation; geographical distribution of forests. The course is recommended to the student in economics. Open to all students. Two hours a week. Spring semester. 3. Forest Mapping and Computing. — Making type and topographical maps using date of valuation surveys ; practical work in computing aneroid readings for altitude ; timber estimates from valuation surveys. Elective for Seniors. Time to be arranged. Spring semester. 4. Forest History. — The rise and development of forestry in Euro- pean countries, the United States and other countries. Text-book, History of Forestry, by B. E. Fernow. Two hours a week. First-half of fall semester. 28 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE 6. Silviculture. — A study of the facts which concern forest growth in the relation of the tree to external influences ; characteristics of the forest, and of the forest regions of the United States ; systems of repro- ducing forests naturally, thinnings and improvement cuttings. To be taken in connection with course 8. Open to those who have taken Biology io and n. Two hours a week. Fall semester. 7. Silviculture. — A continuation of course 6. To be taken in con- nection with course 9. Two hours a week. Spring semester. 8. Silviculture, Field Work. — Special studies and practical work in the forest. A part of the time is devoted to the making of a forest map of 1000 to 2000 acres of forest land in the vicinity of the University. A report accompanies the map describing the condition of the tract and type of forest growth. Open to students in Forestry who have had Drawing 1 and 2. * Six hours a week. Fall semester. 9. Silviculture, Field Work. — A continuation of course 8. It in- cludes practice in thinning and work in planting ; practical test of germinating quality of tree seeds and a study of seedlings. The student is required to make a planting plan for about 100 acres of land and pre- pare a map of the tract. This course should be preceded by courses 6 and 7. * Six hours a week. Spring semester. 10. Forest Measurements. — Practical instruction in the woods and in the office. Some recitations. (1) . Woods Work. — The use of various hypsometers in ascertaining the height of standing trees; determining the contents of felled and standing trees and the volume of stands ; study and use of American log scales ; consideration of the methods of measurement used in the United States ; study of the rate of growth of trees in diameter, height and volume. (2) . Office Work. — Computing the data obtained in the woods; cal- culating the contents of logs in cubic feet, and the contents of trees and stands in cubic feet, cords and board feet ; use of graphic methods in determining the average rate of growth in diameter, height and volume ; construction of tables of rate of growth, volume and yield.* Six hours a week. Fall semester. 11. Forest Measurements. — A continuation of course 10. * Six hours a week. First half of spring semester. 12. Lumbering. — The industry considered from an economic stand- point ; an account of the methods of lumbering in the different parts of the United States. In connection with this course the student is expected to spend two weeks in a lumber camp and prepare a written report on DEPARTMENT oe forestry 29 the operations of lumbering in that locality. Fall semester. Two-fifths credit is allowed for the time spent in the lumber camp and in preparing the report. Open to students taking forestry as a major subject. Two hours a week. First half of fall semester. 13. Forest Management. — Financial and economic considerations ; the normal forest; principles and preparation of working plans. Open to those who have taken courses 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. Two hours a week. First half of the spring semester. 14. Thesis Work. — The preparation of a thesis. Throughout the senior year as arranged. 15. Wood Technology and Forest Products. — The systematic classi- fication of the commercial American woods and other forest products ; the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of wood; methods of identification other than microscopic. Elective for Seniors majoring in Forestry and for all other students who have taken Biology 1 and 10. Biology Professor Chrysler ; Mr. Conser ; Dr. Boring ; The course in General Biology forms the basis for work in both zoology and botany. After the completion of this course, students may register for courses in either branch of the subject. 1. General Biology. — This course is designed to be part of the educa- tion of any college student and is open to all candidates for the B. A. degree, as well as to more special students. It is regarded as essential for all students in the College of Agriculture, including those taking the Forestry Curriculum, as well as those intending to take up the study of medicine or to follow any line of applied biology. It deals with the fundamental principles of biology and thus forms the basis for further work in either zoology or botany. In the laboratory each student studies with the microscope, or dissects selected animals and plants from the simpler forms, such as the Protozoa and Algse, to the complex, such as the frog and lily. Recitations, three hours a week; laboratory, f four hours a week. Throughout the year. Zoology 2. Entomology. — This course opens with the study of the anatomy and development of insects, after which typical species of the Orders are studied with reference to their structure, habits, life-histories, and adaptations. Due attention is given to the economic problems. General Biology is required as a preparation. Recitations, two hours a week; laboratory, f four hours a week. Spring semester. 30 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE 3. Forest Zoology. — This course deals with the animals that are of economic importance in forests. A portion of the time is given to the study of economic problems with which mammals and birds are con- cerned and the remainder to the study of the habits, life-histories, and methods of control of injurious and beneficial forest insects. Entomol- ogy is required as a preparation. Recitations, two hours a week. Fall semester. Botany 4. Plant Histology. — The microscopic structure of the higher plants ; the various tissues ; the root, stem, leaf, and spore-bearing or- gans; the adaptations of plants to external conditions, considered from the standpoint of structure ; killing, sectioning, staining, and mounting of plant tissues. This course must be preceded by General Biology. Recitations, two hours a week; laboratory, f four hours a week. Fall semester. 5. Plant Physiology. — The plant is considered from the stand- points of its activities; absorption and transport of raw material; manu- facture, transport, and storage of food ; growth, movement in response to stimuli. This course must be preceded by General Biology, and should follow Plant Histology. Recitations, two hours a week; labora- tory, f four hours a week. Spring semester. 6. Plant Pathology. — The diseases of plants, especially those caused by fungi ; destruction of timber by fungi ; methods of combatting plant diseases. This course must be preceded by General Biology and may profitably be preceded by Plant Histology. Recitations, two hours a week ; laboratory, f hours a week. Spring semester of odd years. 7. Forest Botany. — (Dendrology). — This course consists of a system- atic study of trees and shrubs, particular attention being given to those of the eastern states, and the identification of them in summer and winter aspects. Special attention is given to the forest trees of commercial value and their geographical distribution. Field work in the identifica- tion of local species and preparation of a forest herbarium are required in the autumn and early winter months. The laboratory work includes a study of the microscopic structure of the vegetative and reproductive parts of typical gymnosperms and angiosperms of arboreal habit. This course must be preceded by General Biology. Recitations, two hours a week; laboratory, f four hours a week. Throughout the year. Economics and Sociology Professor Sprague 1 a. Political Economy. — An introductory course dealing with the general principles and problems of modern economics, production, dis- tribution and consumption, values, commerce, labor problems, and vari- ous other topics in this field of study. Required of junior engineers and of all who take course ib. Open to others by special permission. Text- book and general discussions. Two hours a week. Fall semester. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY 3 1 Civil Engineering Professor Boardman ; Professor Brown ; Assistant Professor Bean ; Mr. Kaulfuss ; Mr. Kittredge ia. Peane Surveying. — A course on the general principles of plane surveying; instruments, their adjustments and uses; the variation of the magnetic needle, and the determination of the true north ; direct leveling ; land survey computations. The text-book used is Breed and Hosmer’s The Principles and Practice of Surveying, Vol. I. Three hours a week. Last twelve weeks. Fall semester. 2a. Field Work in Surveying.— The use of the chain, compass, transit, and level. This course is given before the student has received class room instruction, and is designed to make him familiar with the uses of the instruments, such as running lines, turning angles, reading verniers and rods, etc. * Six hours a week. First six weeks. Fall semester. 2b. Plotting. — This course consists chiefly of map drawing from field notes, by the different methods in common use. * Four hours a week. First twelve weeks. Spring semester. 2c. Field Work in Surveying. — A continuation of course 2a. This course consists of original surveys, problem work, adjustment of instru- ments, note keeping, etc. The text-book used is Pence and Ketchum’s Surveying Manual. * Six hours a week. Last six zvceks. Spring semester. 3a. Railroad Field Work. — The survey of a railroad about three miles in length. The preliminary and location surveys are made, includ- ing running in the curves, obtaining the topography, establishing the grade, and setting the slope stakes. * Six hours a week. First nine weeks. Fall semester. 3b. Railroad Office Work.— The office work of mapping the notes taken in course 3a, including the calculation of the earthwork. * Six hours a week. Last nine weeks. Fall semester. 4. Highway Engineering. — The location, construction, and improve- ment of country roads under different conditions of soil, climate, and traffic. The construction and maintenance of the different pavements on city streets. Lectures and recitations. Three hours a week. Last twelve weeks. Fall semester. 5. Drawing. — This course includes topographical drawing, lettering and tracing; stereotomy, giving the application of the methods of de- scriptive geometry to the preparation of drawings for arches, retaining walls, abutments, bridge piers, etc. * Six hours a week. Spring semester. 32 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE 6a. Advanced Surveying. — This course consists of lectures and read- ings on the theory of base line measurement, triangulation, precise level- ing, topographical surveying, and the use of the plane table, and is a preparation for course 9b. The text-book is Breed and Hosmer’s The Principles and Practice of Surveying, Vol. II. One hour a week. Spring semester. 6b. Advanced Surveying. — This course consists of the practical appli- cation in the field of the principles given in course 9a. The work is given during the two weeks following commencement, and counts as 2-5 credit. Drawing Professor Weston ; Assistant Professor Grover ; Mr. Farnham 1. Drawing. — Instruction and practice in technical freehand drawing and lettering, in the care of drawing instruments and their use in ele- mentary problems involving right lines, circles, conic sections and ortho- graphic projections. The text-book used is Anthony’s Mechanical Draw- ing. * Six hours a week. Fall semester. 2. Drawing. — A continued study of the methods of orthographic pro- jection, isometric projection, oblique projection, accompanied by instruc- tion and practice in the making of working drawings and tracings. The text-book used is Anthony’s Mechanical Drawing. * Six hours a week. Spring semester. Mathematics and Astronomy Professor Hart ; Assistant Professor Hamein ; Mr. Reed ; Mr. Chambers; Mr. Wilbur; Mr. Graham 1. Solid Geometry. — Solid and spherical geometry, including original demonstrations and the solution of numerical problems. The text-book is Bush and Clarke’s Solid Geometry. Five hours a week for ten weeks. Spring semester. Open to all freshmen who did not offer it for admis- sion. 2. Algebra. — A brief review of the theory of exponents, quadratic equations, and the binomial theorem ; indeterminate equations ; loga- rithms, including practice in the solution of numerical exercises ; unde- termined coefficients ; partial fractions ; exponential and logarithmic series, and the computation of logarithms ; permutations and combina- tions ; theory of equations. The text-book is Hawke’s Advanced Alge- bra. Five hours a week. Fall semester, last six weeks; spring semester, first eight weeks. 4. Plane Trigonometry. — The text-book is Taylor's Trigonometry. Five hours a week. Fall semester, first twelve weeks. DEPARTMENT OE FORESTRY 33 English Professor Gray ; Professor Thompson ; Assistant Professor Weaver; Mr. Prince; Mr. Ketch am ; Mr. Two credits in English are required for graduation. Courses 3 and 4 which are prescribed for freshmen, give 1 1-5 credits. The remaining 4-5 credit is regularly obtained by taking courses ia and ib, 2a and 2b, or 2c and 2d. Courses in Composition 3. English Composition and Rhetoric. — The object of this course is to give training in writing correct and clear English. One composi- tion written outside of class and about two themes written in class are required each week. The theoretical work consists in the study of the fundamental principles of good usage in English writing ; and of the narrative and descriptive forms of composition. In illustration of the theory many selections from literature are studied. This course is pre- scribed for freshmen. Each section is limited to twenty students. Two hours a week in sections, and one hour a week in one section. Fall semester. 4. English Composition and Rhetoric. — The object of this course is the same as in course 3. The theoretical work consists in a study of the more elementary principles of exposition and argumentation. Prac- tice in making outlines and briefs ; themes and fortnightly essays. This course is prescribed for freshmen. Each section is limited to twenty students. Two hours a week. Spring semester. 2a and 2b. Expository Composition. — A lecture course of one hour on the theory of exposition. A second hour is devoted to writing in order to cultivate facility; monthly essays and conferences. Two hours a week. Fall semester. One hour a week. Spring semester. 2c and 2d. Argumentative Composition. — A lecture course of one hour on the theory of argumentaion. A second hour is devoted to making briefs and writing short arguments in order to cultivate logical methods and facility; monthly essays and conferences. Two hours a week. Fall semester. One hour a week. Spring semester. Courses in Public Speaking ia and ib. Public Speaking. — The purpose of this course is to give the student a practical knowledge of the fundamental principles of effect- ive public speaking. The work of the first term consists in voice train- ing by means of practice work in classes, pronunciation and enunciation, reading aloud for interpretation, and the acquirement of ease in pose and gesture. During the second term the training thus acquired will 34 UNIVERSITY OR MAINE be applied to the delivery of model public orations, and especially to speeches of the students’ own composition. Special attention will be given to the correction of individual faults. Provided their other work is satisfactory, the eight students obtaining the highest grades in this course are chosen to compete in the sophomore prize declamations. During the year the sections will meet once a week. The assignment of sections is made by the instructor in the second week of the semester. Chemistry Professor McKee; Associate Professor Easeey; Mr. Burghart; Mr. Buswele; Mr. Whittier 1. Generae Chemistry. — This course deals with the general princi- ples of the science. Lectures and recitations. Tzvo hours a week. Fall semester. 2. General Chemistry. — This course is a continuation of course i. It is mainly devoted to a study of the metallic elements, their classifica- tion, compounds and chemical properties. Lectures and recitations. Three hours a week. Spring semester. 3. Laboratory Chemistry. Laboratory work to accompany course 1. jFour hours a week. Fall semester. 4. Laboratory Chemistry. — A continuation of course 3 to accompany course 2. f Four hours a week. Spring semester. Agronomy Professor Simmons 1. Soils. — Lectures and recitations dealing with the following: Fundamental principles underlying the science of agriculture, topographic divisions of America, soil origin, soil types, and their distributon ; the structure of various types of soils ; soil moisture, soil heat ; soil aeration ; principles of soil tillage. Considerable attention is given to the consid- eration of the relation of humus to soils since it is essential to good physical condition in soil and to its capacity for holding water. Atten- tion will be given to the important question of reclaiming worn-out soils. Two hours a zveek. Fall semester. 2. Soil Physics. — This course will be comprised of laboratory exer- cises establishing principles outlined in the lectures in the preceding course. It will deal especially with the subject of the maintenance of fertility of the soil by judicious cultivation. Exercises will include the determination of specific gravity, water holding capacity, and capil- lary power of the various types of soils. The mechanical analysis of the various types of soil will be made. * Three hours a zveek. Fall semester. department oe eorestry 35 Geology Professor L. H. Merriee 5. Geology. — A study of the earth’s history and development, with especial attention to structural and physiographical geology. Three hours a week. Fall semester. 6. Economic Geology. — An elementary course in applied geology. The course will include a general survey of our mineral resources ; and a study of rocks and their uses as building stone, as road material, and as sources of lime and cement. Tivo hours a week. Fall semester. Horticulture Associate Professor Hitchings ; Mr. Palmer 8. Landscape Gardening. — A study of the principles of landscape art and of the materials used in making landscape pictures. Special attention given to the improvement of the home grounds. Open to seniors. Two hours a week. Spring semester. 9. General Horticulture.- — An introductory course designed to cover the entire field of horticulture in a general way. Intended for students who desire a general knowledge of the subject. Elective and open to all students of the University. Three hours a week. Fall semester. Military Science and Tactics Professor Varnum 1. Military, First Year’s Course. (a) Practical: 1 — U. S. Infantry Drill Regulations, to include the School of the Battalion, Advance and Rear Guards, Out- posts, Marches, and Ceremonies. 2 — Infantry Target Practice. 3 — Field Service Regulations. 4 — Guard Duty. (b) Theoretical: 1 — U. S. Infantry Drill Regulations, to include the School of the Company. 2 — Manual of Guard Duty. 3 — Field Service Regulations. 4 — Small Arms Firing Regulations. Required of all students. Three hours, or the equivalent, a week for the freshman year, counting one-fifth credit. 36 UNIVERSITY OE MAINE 2. Military, Second Year's Course. (a) Practical: The same as course i (a). (b) Theoretical : 1 — U. S. Infantry Drill Regulations, School of the Bat- talion, Advance and Rear Guards, Outposts, Marches, and Ceremonies. 2 — Records and Official Papers. 3 — Small Arms Firing Regulations. 4 — Field Service Regulations. Required of all students. Three hours, or the equivalent, a week for the sophomore year, counting one-fifth credit. 3. Military, Third Year's Course. (a) Practical: Duties consistent with rank in carrying out (a) in courses 1 and 2. (b) Theoretical : Assistant instructors over those taking course 1 (b). Open to all who have completed course 2. Three hours, or the equiva- lent, a week, counting one-fifth credit. 4. Military, Fourth Year’s Course. (a) Practical : The same as for course 3 (a). (b) Theoretical : Assistant instructors over those taking course 2 (b). Open to all who have completed course 3. Three hours or the equiva- lent, a week, counting one-fifth credit. Physical Training Professor Wingaed 1. Physical Training. — Class formation and figure marching; set- ting-up drills ; free-arm and calisthenics movements ; elementary dumb- bell, wand, and apparatus exercises. * Two hours a week. Fall semester. 2. Physical Training. — Intermediate and advanced class exercises and combination apparatus work. * Tzvo hours a week. Spring semes- ter. OBJECT OF THE CURRICULUM The forestry curriculum is not an easy one, and is suitable only for students who have good health and a strong constitution and are more- over able and willing to stand considerable physical exertion. It is meant to prepare men for the requirements of the actual work that they Biological Laboratory wBHBm department oe forestry 37 will have to do after they have completed their college education, and it is by no means a sanitarium for those who simply desire to lead an out-door life. The aim is to give the student a liberal education, and at the same time impart to him knowledge which is of the highest practical value in the work of his profession. The first two years are devoted largely to the study of fundamental and accessory subjects of the utmost im- portance in the later work of the curriculum and essential to success in the profession. The last two years are given more largely to Forestry, considering it from the theoretical standpoint, and at the same time giv- ing due consideration to the practical side ; during these two years more opportunity is given also for general culture courses. Particular attention is given to practical field work and demonstra- tions, and also to the collection and presentation of statistical data in report form. Descriptions of the Modern Language courses and elective courses as well as of scholarships and prizes offered by the University may be found in the University catalog which will be sent upon request. LIST OF STUDENTS, 1910-11 SENIORS Name Bearce, George Dunham Jewett, John Nelson Peckham, Wentworth Pinkham, Niles Cassius Wood, Harold Grinnell Home Auburn Cherryfield Lewiston Portland Hallowell University Address B 0 II House 2 X House B 0 n House 3? T A House 2 A E House JUNIORS Houghton, Lloyd Everett Hussey, Philip Rodney Miller, William James Henry Poole, James Plummer Sweetsqr, Harlan Hayes Thompson, Lynwood Burkett Webster, Ernest John Lee Patten South Berwick Gloucester, Mass. Cumberland Centre Belfast Farmington $ K 2 House $ K 2 House 3> H Iv House A T Q House 202 Oak Hall ioi Oak Hall 2 X House SOPHOMORES Dyer, Guy Valentine Savage, Ernest Thompson Shepard, Thomas Dudley Smith, Leon Campbell Spencer, Frank Foss Calais 2 X House Bangor Bangor Wellesley Hills, Mass. Campus Topsham 3> H K House Berwick 2 X House 38 UNIVERSITY OR MAINE FRESHMEN Name Anthony, Benjamin Bennett Atwood, Charles Raymcnd Chase, Charles Arthur Fowler, Henry Winslow Gren, Axel Henry Leavitt, Harry Ralph Newman, George Burgess Smith, Frank Allen Stevens, Roland Earle Towner, Wayland Dean Wadleigh, John Shepherd Wark, William Lucas Whitney, Clarence Alden SPECIAL Cole, Joseph Titcomb Danforth, Franklin Wendell Danforth, George Clapp Fiske, Raymond Houghton Fuller, Richard Gregson, Lawrence Halliwell Towne, Donald Moore SUM Seniors Juniors Sophomores Freshmen Specials Horne University Address Wakefield, Mass. 2 X House Rum ford 2 A E, House Scbec Station A T A House Fort Fairfield 2 X House Bangor 2 o5 Oak Hall Portland A T A House Fryeburg Iv 2 House Jamaica Plain, Mass. 0 E House Belfast ATP House Somerville, Mass. 2 T House A ugusta B 0 H House Windham 0 E. House Portland 2 X House STUDENTS Kenn ebunk 2 A E House Skowhegan 72 Main St. Gardiner Main St. Lincoln Peters St. Salem, Mass. B 0 H House Buffalo, N. Y. A T A House Madison 2 X House 7 5 13 7 Total 37 .VlV Foresters’ Camp UNIVERSITY OF MAINE A Public Institution Maintained by the State and the Nation Established 1865 College of Arts and Sciences Major Electives in Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Education, English, German, Greek, History, Latin, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics, and Romance Languages College of Agriculture Curricula in Agriculture, Forestry, and Domestic Science Special and short courses. Correspondence and lecture courses College of Technology Curricula in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Pharmacy. College of Law (Bangor) Agricultural Experiment Station For Catalog or further information, address : President Robert J. Aley, Orono, Maine