[zd s:e C* 16 s Lfv * ' X ' 'Vi 'iVL* 7j, .uMufW"« 1 ,l0 * • *“>* " ’ i .. ^ v, ' •’ ' . v , f *5 . ,V.; f •>**"«' 88S$ »V ■%' w • • ’ : t -v a*j s*. : 'X; ■■ - tSwW' ^TO'.- WEB : ’^ K© , 'r.'S| : '|'^! f : ' : c -.>.■ />, £.«•,} v*frf.>s «*■• v aSfPvl'.' ■ v.: ISfc U Y*^ O-,, :-\:' ''>V*» ■ ■T ; •» * v: if U •. • ■ • ■ 'TV-!-' .. .- '■• - ' ; J.jJjfc.s5F^5vv*'HW i ; A'vi \.vs /JKXfv'-*<*:*-. i - SSsi ■$& > V \mv SfoXr- r^M’s4s> •«. * .-r •.;- ? a 'V- '"■}X"'*'4 **\&^’YYYVY h i4s|^R®£; "* ■•,■•;. a ry,a?Si«V't :• vk.<-:?' %,' • ;. 'S£ ;V£^*r A v£-; N i.-. 't> -V- ; : ' i ■“'• ■ ■ ■ MKBMHfe E& sg^g/w teSA-rt f’Sta jfctsv^ ,*&V i» • *-4» i'•$$V‘*-. v ? ■■ . 1»®» -. - .-i >.• fefw^tesfe :v& w. . .v'v •>'■t. •,r«;.- : . •;••*•• •. I Ml Sr a»S«?.Q; :-Jfe• A! i&msmz* * *? r "'■-& &M- ■' . -fSip'' rvti 1 ', ■•Vi- Missionary and Educational Work Congregational Churches in All the World ,..2 ■- v • - .v. MU' > -,\ t tefti mviUH' li! !l \t f; { f l I SURVEY of the of the 1920-1921 wvEisin tp liuij. | „ ■* V * r iv g $ ” 3 - r021 Issued by The Commission of the National Council on the Congregational World Movement 287 Fourth Avenue - New York City TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction. 3 Our Missionary Enterprise. 4 The Budget.5-7 Church Extension Boards.8-36 Home Missionary Society Church Building Society Sunday School Extension Society Congregational Education Society and Educa¬ tional Institutions.37-44 American Missionary Association.45-60 Ministerial Relief and .Annuity Fund.61-64 Woman’s Home Missionary Federation.65-70 American Board and Woman's Boards.71-119 Other Objects. 120 Resources.121-126 How to Use This Survey. 127 Conclusion. 128 INTRODUCTION 3 INTRODUCTION T HIS Survey is a study of the entire missionary program of the Con¬ gregational churches. It is intended to make it possible for the last member of those churches to have an intelligent acquaintance with the program of his denomination for extending the kingdom of God both at home and abroad. Specifically it is intended to set forth the budget required for this great enterprise, so that every contributor may judge whether or not there is justification for the subscription asked. The appeals of the immediate past have been so numerous as to be confusing to all but the initiated. For Congregationalists there are at least six which should be clearly differentiated: (a) The Pilgrim Memorial Fund asked originally for an endowment of $5,000,000 for the establishing of a pension fund for ministers. The principal campaign for this fund concluded April 1st, 1919. Subscriptions for some $6,500,000 have been written. It is felt that in view of the depreciation of the dollar this fund should ultimately reach $8,000,000. It is in no way involved in the budget presented in this Survey, (b) The Apportionment for the work of the seven missionary societies has asked for $2,000,000 annually. This is embraced in the budget presented herewith, (c) The Emergency Fund called for in April and May of 1920 sought $3,000,000 to supple¬ ment the former apportionment made wholly inadequate by post-war costs and to provide for essential Congregational enterprises not formerly included in the apportionment, (d) The Interchurch World Movement stood for the simultaneous appeal of the several denominations to their constituencies for their own missionary and educational work. The Emergency Fund was our share in the simultaneous feature of that Movement. The subscriptions to the Congregational World Movement were wholly apart from the Interchurch Movement as such. They are purely and simply contributions to our Congregational missionary and educational work. In addition to the simultaneous feature the Inter¬ church Movement appealed to the common public for subscriptions to the common treasury. With these subscriptions Congregationalists as such have nothing to do. Careful distinction should be made between the two pledges, (e) The National Council authorized its commission to seek to raise in a five-year period $50,000,000 for all the denomina¬ tional causes. This would include the Pilgrim Memorial Fund; the apportionment with its increase under the Emergency Fund; special state campaigns already under way, and campaigns for educational endowments by Congregational institutions, either independently or in conjunction with the commission, (f) The appeal presented herewith for $5,000,000 which embraces the old apportionment together with the necessary increase of this apportionment which was initiated in the emergency campaign of 1919. This amount represents the normal budget for denominational work at the present moment. This study is of primary value to the missionary committee of the church. Here are given facts on which to determine what the budget of the church should be and information to furnish the members calculated to interest them in the causes and to guide them in determining their gifts. Let the committee devise all possible means for getting the facts to the members and supporters of the church. 45772 ? 4 OUR MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE OUR MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE I. Church Extension Our denominational enterprise begins with the fostering of the entire life of the Congregational churches through the state conference organizations and the Church Extension Boards. Aid is given in maintaining the preaching of the gospel, especially in the new, the small and the more needy communities, including the frontier, the immigrant populations, the growing city and the rural field. The normal force of home missionaries is some seventeen hundred. About one hundred and twenty churches are aided annually in se¬ curing sanctuaries and parsonages by grants and loans. New Sunday Schools to the number of over a hundred each year are organized; weak Sunday Schools are made strong; disbanded Sunday Schools are reorganized; grants of Sunday School literature are made. II. Education The Education Society is responsible for the denomination’s pro¬ gram of religious education, including missionary education and social service in the home, in the Sunday School, in the young people’s society, in colleges and in tax-supported schools. This Society aids colleges, academies, theological seminaries and training schools, and gives assistance to students for the ministry; also student pastors are maintained in state universities. Temporarily extra aid is proposed to forty-eight Congregational institutions to tide them over the present emergency. III. Ministerial Pensions and Relief Provision is made for pensions for ministers through the Pilgrim Memorial Fund and the Annuity Fund. Through the Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief some five hundred grants of aid are made annually. IV. The American Missionary Association Through the A. M. A. the gospel and Christian education are given to the Negroes, Indians, Eskimos, Orientals, the mountain people of the South, Hawaiians, Mexicans, Cubans and Porto Ricans—in short, to the undeveloped races under our flag. This is done through 208 churches and 56 schools of all types, and touches our national needs at most critical points. V. The Woman’s Home Missionary Federation The W. H. M. F. affiliates 35 state woman’s home missionary unions which aim to raise $650,000 annually for the homeland societies. VI. Foreign Missions . The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions as the agency of the churches maintains in twelve countries 800 missionaries and 6,000 native workers in the endeavor to leaven with the gospel of Christ 75,000,000 people of the non-Christian world for whom agreement among the several denominations has made us responsible. Co-operating with the Ainerican Board are the Woman’s Board of Missions, Boston; the Woman’s Board of the Interior, Chicago; and the Woman’s Board of the Pacific, San Francisco. THE BUDGET 5 THE BUDGET The Budget is Itemized in Several Sections of the Survey, and Detailed Reports of Each Society May be Had on Application The Cong’l Home Missionary Society Including Affiliated State and City Organizations Year ending March 31, 1920 (1437 Missionaries; 1788 in 1914)........... . To re-employ 351 Missionaries dropped since 1914 To increase salaries Missionary pastors to 50% above scale of 1914. Total budget (round numbers). T.ast Fiscal Budget Year 1921 $707,282 $707,282 264,060 245,000 -$1,216,000 The Congregational Church Building Society 1919 Expenditures. 555,089 555,089 Toward making aid equivalent to pre-war grants 195,000 The Congregational S. S. Extension Society 1919 Budget (State and National). 57,697 57,697 Increase of salaries and filling vacant fields. 44,803 Congregational Education Society 1919 Budget. 145,000 145,000 Increase in salaries and filling vacancies. 93,000 American Missionary Association Year ending September 31, 1920. 494,110 494,110 Necessary increase in current budget. 165,000 Salary increase, buildings and repairs. 280,000 Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief 1919 Budget... 116,881 116,881 Increasing grants to maximum of $500... 45,119 (Woman’s Home Missionary Unions responsible for $650,000 of the six Homeland Soc’s.) American Board and Woman’s Boards 750,000 102,500 238,000 939,000 162,000 Year ending August 31, 1920 (Debt $240,000). 1,909,378 1,909,378 Imperative increases. 635,000 - - 2,544,000 Grand total seven Societies . 3,985,437 5,951,500 Less receipts, legacies, int., etc . 1,676,500 (C. H. M. S. t $266,000; C. C. B. S., $335,000; C. S. S. E. S., $2,500; C. E. S., $38,000; A. M. A., $314,- 000; C. B. M. R., $62,000; A. B. C. F. M., and W. M., $659,000). New Apportionment for Seven Societies Not Under Old Apportionment . $4,275,000 Educational Institutions. 575,000 Annuity Fund Pensions for older ministers (New). 100,000 Miscellaneous. 50,000 Apportionment for 1921 $5,000,000 6 THE BUDGET The Budget Challenged The cost of living has outrun the increase in income for the average Congregationalist. Some have no increase in income whatever, many have comparatively small increases. The average is doubtless less than the increase in costs. Taxes are high; the future is uncertain. Our people have given to the limit for a multitude of causes in the past, and must continue to do so. Have our missionary and educational agencies a right to ask for an increase at this time? Only one course is open to the denominational representatives— to present to the churches the situation, and let them give answer. 1. The Regular Budget of the Societies. Through more than one hundred years of self-sacrificing missionary labor in America and throughout the world, with careful and economical administration in raising funds and administering them, a far-reaching and eminently successful missionary enterprise has been built up. Congregationalists have a right to be proud of this record. The major portion of the entire budget is to maintain this established work. We cannot readily submit to a sacrifice of this service in this day of the world’s dire need, but to maintain the established work will require an increase from contributors of about 133%%. This would give an increase in the budget of the Societies of approximately 66%%. The explanation is that in the past about half of the resources of the Societies have come from fixed sources, such as legacies, interest on funds, repayment of loans on church build¬ ings, conditional gifts, etc.; that is, to save our inheritance of good work, our giving must be increased 133%%. The alternative is to sacrifice the regular work. In the large, the need for the increase is simply to meet increased costs. Salaries, however, constitute the chief call for more money. Some increases have been made in pastors’ salaries, but these have been meager compared with the increase in cost of living. This is serious because the salary before the war provided mere subsistence. Beside making in¬ creases of grants to missionary pastors, the budget provides the expenses for a campaign of increase for all pastors. The foreign missionary faces the same situation exactly, in some quarters in exaggerated form because the cost of living has risen more radically than in the United States. Moreover, the American Board has some 6,000 native workers under its employ who have labored on the most meager wages. These must be increased anywhere from 50 to 100%. With the teachers in our colleges, seminaries, academies, training schools, etc., and especially in the A. M. A. Schools it is the same story. 2. Imperative Advances. Success on the mission field demands further investment at the cost of sacrificing that success if it is not made. The outstanding needs for these imperative advances are fully outlined in the Survey. They include, first, meeting the necessities occasioned by the war, as for example in ravaged Turkey, where the entire hospital ministry returns to the care of the American Board from THE BUDGET 7 the Turkish Army and the Near East Relief, with an increment of nearly $1,000,000 in value in equipment, etc. A million martyrs for their faith among the Armenians have left untellable need of service to that people for whom we alone are responsible; second, for reaping ripe harvests from the sacrificial labors of the past, as for example in China, where tens of thousands wait only for the reinforcement of the missionary staff; third, for taking our share in the interdenominational projects which have been launched very largely as the result of our leadership. Then there are the needs of the American Missionary Association in putting buildings in sanitary condition with other necessary repairs, in completing buildings under construction stopped by the war, and in building a few additional structures to provide for the growing effective¬ ness of schools and churches. 3. Non-Apportionment Items. Three items are included in the $5,000,000 budget which were not embraced in the old apportionment, namely, Educational Institutions, Annuities for older ministers and Miscellaneous. Previously these were financed largely by appeals to our people and churches in addition to the apportionment. In so far as this is true it is bringing them within the regular appeals and does not mean an increase. The educational institutions are on the budget supposedly only for the few years in which these schools will be providing endowment adequate to relieve the churches of these contributions. War costs, however, have made it necessary to come to the rescue of these educa¬ tional institutions, or see their serious crippling, or suffer their complete loss. These institutions furnish us the majority of our Christian leaders, especially pastors and missionaries. Regarding the annuities for older ministers, the terms of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund are such that men in the ministry past fifty years of age are practically excluded from its benefits. It is felt that the churches will welcome heartily a plan under which provision may be made for this latter class. Promotional Expenses How much of the budget will be required for promoting the Move¬ ment? The Commission on Missions estimated that six per cent would cover the cost. The National Council approved this figure. The expenses inclusive of the cost of the Interchurch World Movement will be less than this. The first year is naturally the heaviest and just about six per cent will be needed. Probably four per cent will cover the ex¬ penses for the coming twelve months. In the following years the expense account will decrease until it dwindles into nothing beyond what is normally expended by the several agencies. It will be noted then that this expense provides not alone for the immediate income but for raising the standard permanently. 8 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS The Congregational Home Missionary Society The Congregational Church Building Society The Congregational Sunday School Extension Society Three distinct organizations under common management, with 19 state and 26 city societies in affiliation. THE TASK OF THE CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS I. Fostering All the Work of All the Churches 1. Through state conference and local association organizations. 2. Through field work; correspondence, visitation, personal service, pastoral supply. 3. Through evangelism, the general organizations, pastors’ retreats and financing the Commission on Evangelism. II. Aiding Churches Financially 1. On pastors’ salaries; new churches; rural churches, immigrant churches; churches with problems. 2. On buildings and equipment; the new church; the enlarged church; the parsonage; debt raising; by grant and loan; through personal service: also securing automobiles, etc., for pastoral work and socio-religious activities. 3. By enlisting local resources; through superintendents; general missionaries; financial specialists. III. Establishing New Churches 1. Gathering Sunday Schools; by the Sunday School missionary; by the home missionary pastor. 2. Enlisting members; through directing local leaders; through per¬ sonal activities. 3. Procuring property; by directing local workers; by granting aid. LV. Ministering To The Unchurched 1. Remote regions; in larger parishes with plural ministry and ade¬ quate equipment; by itinerants; by Sunday School missionaries. 2. Migrant groups; lumbermen; harvest hands, canneries, etc. 3. Interdenominational endeavors; evangelistic campaigns; theatre meetings; Americanization projects; rescue missions’ work. SUMMARY OF WORK FOR THE YEAR 1919 THE CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY Number of missionaries. 1437 Number of churches and stations. 1879 Total accessions to home mission churches. 9555 New churches organized. 19 Churches brought to self-support. 37 Churches and stations using 22 foreign languages. 290 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 9 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY Appropriations Voted 107 grants amounting to. $172,572 69 church loans amounting to.131,230 34 parsonage loans amounting to. 44,500 210 grants and loans amounting to. $348,302 CONGREGATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY Number of field workers. 56 Number of new mission Sunday Schools organized. 81 Number of Sunday Schools reorganized. 23 Number of Sunday Schools visited. 1288 Number of conventions and union conferences. 750 Grants of literature. 265 BUDGET OF THE EXTENSION BOARDS FOR 1921 THE HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY New York Office and National Field Work, same as 1919.$69,591 Missionary labor in constituent states on scale of 1919. 361,672 Missionary districts and foreign departments. 239,660 26 affiliated city societies for pastors’ salaries. 36,359 To increase missionary pastors’ salaries to 50% above the 1914 scale. 245,000 To re-employ 351 missionaries dropped during the war. 264,060 (The last two items include extra cost of publicity and administration, about $42,400) - -- Total.. .... * .$1,216,342 Less fixed income from legacies, interest, etc. 266,000 Needed from contributions... $950,342 CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY 1919 1921 Aid asked for churches. $490,986.32 $661,000 Costs: Insurance, taxes, upkeep, legal fees. 5,655.50 8,000 Field Work: dist. and dept, field force. 14,583.16 20,000 Interdenominational projects. 5,000 N. Y. Office and National Field Work. 24,329.95 32,000 Publicity and Promotion (incl. C. W. M. exp.). ' 19,534.06 24,000 $555,088.99 $750,000 The increase of $194,911 is needed to meet increased costs in building. This will scarcely make possible aid equivalent to that of 1914. SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY 1919 1921 Missionary Service—Salaries. $20,272.24 $33,682 Field Expenses. 7,586.34 16,841 Grants of Literature. 1,212.73 1,820 Field Equipment. 400.00 2,000 Administered by Cooperating States. 15,869.00 27,770 $45,340.31 $82,113 Publicity and Promotion (incl. C. W. M. Exp.). 7,043.07 13,747 N. Y. Office and National Field Work. 5,313.10 6,640 $57,696.48 $102,500 The increase of $44,803 is needed, (a) to meet increased costs of approximately $14,800, and(b) to employ ten workers to fill vacancies and man new fields in ten different districts. 10 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS A. THE FIELD OF CHURCH EXTENSION The field of the Church Extension Boards is that of regular church work by Congregationalists within Continental United States including Alaska. I. The Religious Needs of the United States 105,683,000 souls responsible to God and their fellows. 42,000,000 church members; of these 15,721,815 are Roman Catholics, including baptized children. 50,000,000 souls over nine years of age are not affiliated with any church. 14,000,000 children and youth in Protestant Sunday Schools. 27,000,000 Protestants under twenty-five years of age not in Sunday School. 808,000 Congregational church members our working force. 728,000 in Congregational Sunday Schools. 2,500,000 unaffiliated persons are dependent upon the Congregational Churches for religious ministry. 1,350,000 children and youth not in Sunday School are dependent upon the Congregational Churches. To make the Congregational Churches effective in meeting these op¬ portunities and responsibilities is the business of the Church Extension Boards. II. The Status of the Congregational Churches Spiritual forces cannot be weighed on the scales of statistics, never¬ theless “By their fruits ye shall know them.” /. As to Strength. 5,959 churches January 1st, 1920, 6,103 January 1st, 1915. 3,664 churches, or 61%, report 100 members or less. 2,999 churches, or 39%, report 50 members or less. 2,804 churches, or 47%, fail to report any additions on confession. 2. As to Growth. 98 churches were dropped in 1919; 38 were added; net loss 60. The annual average of new churches, 1901 to 1913, was 139. In 1914, 90 new churches; 1915, 96; 1916, 84; 1917, 71; 1918, 59; 1919, 38. The net gain in members in 1919 was 144. The net mss in membership in 1918 was 293. The net gain in ten years was 9.2%, compared with 14.9% in the"gain of population. The Roman Catholic gain in ten years was 10.6%. The total Protestant gain in ten years was 23.4%. 116,489, or 14% of our total membership is on the absentee list. 30,564 names were dropped in 1919, or three times as many as died. There were 351 fewer home missionaries in 1919 than in 1914. There were 42 fewer churches organized in 1919 than in 1914. There were 2,611 fewer members received by home mission churches in 1919 than in 1914. It is in the power of the Church Extension Boards to reverse this situation if given adequate resources in men and money. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 11 B. THE PASTOR I. Some Sobering Facts There were 3,413 ministers serving churches in 1919. There were 1,331 charges without pastors January 1st, 1920. * There were 682 fewer ministers serving churches in 1919 than in 1914. There are about 250 ministers retired from service annually. There were 107 ordained in 1919. Two-thirds of our home missionary pastors lack the ordinary educa¬ tional preparation for the ministry. In a western state with 40 pastors only 13 were found to have entered our ministry regularly. II. The Salary Situation PASTORS’ SALARIES 1919 29.4% received Starvation Salaries—Less than $1,000 47% of these without Parsonages 33.7% received Enervation Salaries—$1,000 to $1,499 24% of these without Parsonages 19.1% received Living Salaries—$1,500 to $1,999 34% of these without Parsonages 11.5% received Handicap Salaries—$2,000 to $2,999 41% of these without Parsonages 7% received Efficiency Salaries—$3,000 or more 64% of these without Parsonages There was practically no increase in the average salary of ministers in 25 years preceding the war. The total paid for salaries in 1919, $5,891,280, was but 23% in advance of that of 1915. The cost of living has risen 85% or more since 1915. The minister should have an immediate increase of not less than 50% over the pre-war scale. The janitor and church secretary have already received increases ranging from 50 to 80%. School-teachers throughout the United States have had an average increase of 45% since the war. The mean wage for railway workers has increased 86% since 1914. The mean wage for workers in the steel industry has increased 115% since 1914. We are losing ministers by the hundreds to other callings. In a western state greatly needing pastors the minutes show 38 min¬ isters serving churches and 41 not in service. Recent reports from seventeen home missionary superintendents show forty-five ministers turning away from the pastorate because they could not live on the salaries. The occupations to which they went are as follows: four farmers; three carpenters; three shipbuilders; two hotel men; three teachers; two social service; seven Y. M. C. A. workers; 12 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS one each, manual laborer, manager Five and Ten Cent Store, chicken farmer, machine shop worker, steel plant worker, railroad shop man, printer, lumber mill man, grocer, chief of police and painter. III. A New Day Is Dawning Adequate Salaries Will Be Provided The laymen secured the appointment by the National Council of a Laymen’s Commission on the Status of the Ministry. This Commission is organizing laymen’s committees in the several states. This Commission is presenting the matter concretely to every church. It plans personal conferences with trustees where salaries are inade¬ quate . The Church Extension Boards are placing at the disposal of this Com¬ mission their field force for executive work. The Extension Boards are underwriting the expenses of this activity. The budget herewith presented provides for this item. An increase of not less than 50% over 1914 is the aim. $245,000 in this budget is for increasing missionary pastors’ salaries. 84% of missionary pastors receive less than $1,500; 58% less than $1,200; 34% less than $1,000, and 17% less than $800. The Extension Boards will share with pastors and churches in providing membership in the Pilgrim Memorial Fund for home missionary pastors. Grading Up the Ministry Practical endeavors are making possible the giving of a man’s job to every minister. Competition and overlapping are being eliminated by conference with other denominations. The budget proposes adequate support for home missionary pastors. This will grade up the pastorate all along the line. A minimum salary of $1,500 and house for full time is the aim. In some cases it must be larger. In some parts of the country a lower stipend may be equivalent. Organized Bands A special call is issued for five bands of five men each. A Rocky Mountain Band of five strong men. A Montana Band of five strong men. An Oklahoma Band of five strong men. A Washington Band of five strong men. A Dixie Band of five strong men. These should be willing to do any worth-while work. They will be guaranteed a minimum salary of $1,500 and house, together with auto mobile and its upkeep where necessary to the work. The minister is the most potent force in human life in spite of sacrifice and limitations. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 13 C. CHURCH EQUIPMENT From the 1919 Year Book the following table is compiled: Value of Church Property $100,000 $50,000 to $10,000 to $5,000 to Under and over $99,999 $49,999 $9,999 $5,000 New England. 79 5% 139 8.7% 644 40.5% 347 21.8% 362 24% The East. 49 1.8% 70 7% 347 34.4% 215 21.3% 327 32.4% The Interior. 32 1.8% 60 3.4% 516 29.5% 389 22.3% 746 42.8% Rocky Mts. None 8 3.6% 50 22.3% 46 21% 116 53% Pacific Coast. 8 2% 13 3% 133 31% 84 20% 192 45% The South. 3 .08% 6 1.5% 66 17% 38 10% 273 70.7% 171 296 1756 1119 2036 A study of this table shows: 2,036 churches report property valued under $5,000. 1,119 churches additional report property less than $10,000; that is 3,797 out of 5,840 churches or 65%, report less than $10,000 property. $10,000 on the average means handicap; that is, two out of three of our churches are crippled by equipment. 462 churches have no property. 2,416 have no parsonages, with 582 others failing to report. Debts are reported aggregating $3,442,256. The Building aid has not been sufficient to prevent this situation. To maintain this scale only, income must be doubled. (Because the cost of building has doubled.) The appropriations for twelve months ending August 31st amounted to $468,138, or substantially the budget here requested. Applications for aid aggregating $354,375 were on the Docket Septem¬ ber 1st waiting for appropriations. The Interest Grant The present campaign makes no provision whatever for increasing the loan funds of the Building Society. Desiring to use every possible means of assisting the churches in providing adequate equipment, the Society is ready to try out a new plan under which the more resourceful churches may be able to secure loans from the banks covering their entire needs, the Society contracting to share with the church in regular reduction of the indebtedness and in meeting the interest charges while the loan is carried, thus releasing loan funds needed for the less resource¬ ful churches. The following vote was therefore passed by the Executive Committee. In view of the fact that the budget of the C. C. B. S. in the Congregational World Movement cannot be increased suf¬ ficiently to enlarge loan funds, and of the further fact that larger grants with no in¬ crease in loans will not meet the present building demands, the C. C. B. S. an¬ nounces its readiness to cooperate with the churches which are able to negotiate com¬ mercial loans under a plan whereby the assistance to the church will be the same as though regular grant and loan were made, the Society agreeing to make annual payment for reducing the principal of the indebtedness and to cover all interest ex¬ cept the nominal rate which would have been paid to the Building Society had the church been granted a regular loan of equal amount, and on condition that the church meet its annual obligation in reducing the indebtedness as agreed upon with the Society. 14 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS A Pastor’s Shack Parsonage Needs This pastor was compelled to vacate the house in which he had lived. There was no house to which he could move. Securing two months’ salary in advance he purchased common boards and with his own hands built this • makeshift shack, covering the cracks and knot-holes with build¬ ing paper. This gives temporary shelter in summer for himself and wife and these two children. But winter is at hand. Shall he be helped to get a good house to shield them from wind and storm? More than half of our churches have no parsonage. A homeless minister is heavily handicapped. His efficiency is im¬ paired and the church suffers, and cannot do its best. The health and life of the min¬ ister’s wife and children are often imperiled by the cold, unsanitary, makeshift buildings which they have been compelled to occupy. The Church Building Society has helped to complete thirteen hun¬ dred and sixty-nine parsonages to shelter ministers and their families. Thirty-five of these were built and paid for last year. The appeals to the church Build¬ ing Society for parsonage aid are constant and the amounts asked for are increasing. In a single month twenty-eight churches asked for more than the entire receipts for parsonage building last year. No parsonage means perplexity and distress for the minister. Some have their rented houses sold over their heads. Some have been compelled to move twice, three times, and even four times in a year. Some have found no place for their families but a rude shack, or, a sodhouse, or a room over a stable or a store. We should double the efficiency of our churches if we made good our motto, “A good home for every minister.” 0 A Better Home CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 15 D. THE FIELD MAN By “Field Man” is meant one whose services are not confined to a single parish. Such is a superin¬ tendent of a state, district or de¬ partment, the associate or assistant superintendent, the Church Build¬ ing district secretary, the Sunday School missionary, the general mis¬ sionary, and itinerant workers. 1. The Superintendent. “The care of all the churches” falls to the superintendent. The affairs of the state conference and of the local associations are his concern. He guides the actions of the state board and usually of the several committees of the conference. He is consulted regarding the filling of pulpits. The ordination, installa¬ tion, dismission and disciplining of ministers are involved in his duties. He is appealed to in cases of diffi¬ culties in local churches. If life languishes in a church he takes the initiative in discovering the diffi¬ culty and in finding the remedy. He represents the denomination in its relation with sister fellowships. He seeks to prevent overlapping of work and to eliminate it when it occurs. On this last point one superintendent writes of a typical experience: “I think of a night which I spent at -. I was met by one of the younger members of our church who said that he thought he was the only man in our constituency who favored the proposed union. I did find a hostile atmosphere when I reached the meeting. However, I was so clear that the interests of Chris¬ tianity in the community demanded this union that I felt bound to present the matter as strongly, as tactfully and as patiently as I could. So I carefully read the agreement under which the union was to be effected. This cleared away a good number of difficulties. Then I carefully and patiently answered ques¬ tions. This again disarmed a good deal of opposition. Then I suggested some changes in the agreement which while not essentially altering its principles did meet some of the objections that had been raised. Then finally when the time for action had come, the motion to adopt the agreement was made and seconded by the two men who had come to the meeting for the special pur¬ pose of securing its rejection. I felt pretty well wrung out at the end of the evening, but the union has continued until this day and has been a decided success.” In the state referred to twenty- two such unions or federations were effected in seventeen months, re¬ sulting in a general strengthening of the work all along the line. Our greatest loss is in the small churches. These are particularly the charge of the field man. Since 1916 churches of 1,000 or over have increased from 42 to 50; churches of 500 to 1,000 have increased from 210 to 227; those of 250 to 500 have increased from 580 to 585; those of 100 to 250 have decreased from 1,475 to 1,435; those of 50 to 100 from 1,467 to 1,365; those of 10 to 50 from 2,038 to 1,978. These decreases have crowded up the number of churches under ten members from 240 to 321, while the churches dropped as compared with new churches show a net loss for the denomination of 126 since 1916. It is the business of the super¬ intendent working through his as¬ sociates and through the pastors to change this situation and bring us back to the gains we were mak¬ ing before the war. This he can do if given men and money equal to the needs. Millions of people are reachable; the harvest is ripe; the superintendent prays for reap¬ ers. Let us join him. The next six pages illustrate the services of the superintendent and those working under his direction as field men of different types. These should be multiplied by thousands and greatly diversified to form a true picture of the min¬ istries of the fieldman. 16 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 2. The Assistant Superintend¬ ent and General Missionary The assistant superintendent is pastor of all the churches in his district. When vacancies occur, they feel free to call upon him for all kinds of services. He often spends weeks with one church as acting pastor. His record of calls runs up into the hundreds. The number of sermons preached is more than that of the average min¬ ister. He takes charge of the Sun¬ day School as superintendent, teaches the Bible Class, or a class of boys and girls. He is financial agent and assists churches that are weak and feeble or that do not know how to take care of themselves. He is big brother to the young minister. He aids by his sympathy and counsel those who are downhearted and discouraged. His services are not limited to home missionary churches. Weak self-supporting churches feel free to call upon him. This is often his hardest task. Our general missionaries are evangelists and receive many re¬ cruits into pastorless churches. They are experts in religious edu¬ cation and set up a program for the year. They help a church to see its own task. They give the faith, the courage, the vision, the enthusiasm and the devotion so necesary in launching the program of a new organization, or for the rehabilitation of the old. They endure hardship as good soldiers. Their work takes them to the remotest section of our land. Their travels average twenty-five thou¬ sand miles a year. They are at home on a limited train, three times-a-week local, a stage coach, an automobile, a buckboard, a two- wheel cart, on horseback, in a sleigh, on snowshoes, afoot, and a few have even surveyed their fields by airplane. They are equally at home with the city church, the town or village organization, the beginnings on the frontier. They are familiar with the sod house, the dugout, the mountain cabin, or the modern, up-to-date, steam-heated, electric-lighted, comfortable home. The assistant superintendent has literally saved the day in scores of situations during the past few years when we have experienced so ser¬ ious a shortage in our home mis¬ sionary leadership. Up the Rocky Trail. “From a western state comes the report of a district of over five hundred square miles in which there are absolutely no religious services of any kind. In this dis¬ trict there are wealthy ranchers, dry farmers, apple-men and sheep¬ men They say, 'We would be glad to have preaching and Sunday Schools, but no preachers ever come our way.’ ”(Survey.) In fifteen western states there are no less than 15,000 school dis¬ tricts without any kind of religious service. 10,000 of these are four miles and more removed from such services. “West of the Mississippi there are needed five thousand new churches with resident pastors.” (Survey.) After the Survey was in print it appeared that the sentences regarding the Annuities for older ministers needed further explanation. The income of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund acts as an Endowment of the Annuity Fund, and provides the means under the Original Plan for supplementing the annuity of $100 which comes back from the minister’s own payments. An Old-Age Annuity under the Expanded Plan of the Annuity Fund depends upon accumulated credits through annual payments by the minister, supplemented by the income of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund, continu¬ ing until the member is sixty-five years of age. For ministers over fifty-five years of age, the period remain¬ ing before annuities go into effect is too short to permit the requisite accumulation. $100,000 is asked to help provide reasonable annuities for these honored servants of the churches. The state¬ ment on pages 62 and 63 sets forth the need, and the plan will doubtless meet a hearty response. We only seek to make amends in some degree for the neglect of previous years, that men who have given their lives to the service of the churches shall not be deprived of the advantage which would be theirs if the noble plan now devised had been in operation when they entered their vocation. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 17 The Montana Plan Montana is a new and growing state. The census shows an in¬ crease in population of 45.6% com¬ pared with 14.9 for the country as a whole. In July of 1919 the na¬ tional and state field men of nine denominations spent three weeks together in Montana and agreed that some one of the nine should assume responsibility for every un¬ churched community in the state. The portions falling to Congrega- tionalists are shown roughly on the accompanying map. We mention two fields as typical; one city and one rural. On the south side of Billings live some 6,000 people. Here we had a struggling church. This territory was allocated to us. The church was poorly equipped and never had adequate support. It has been decided to move to a new location and erect with denomina¬ tional assistance an adequate plant for a community church that shall serve all the people along all lines. Being assured of no competition from the other denominations we feel called upon to join with the people in providing real leadership with a good working equipment. The other instance is Powder River County, shown on the map in the southeast of the state. It comprises over 3,000 square miles, and the population is in excess of 5,000. There are seventy school houses in the county, but not a single Protestant church building. Being given the clear responsi¬ bility for this great unchurched region, a minister has been secured who is willing to range over its wide expanses. An auto has been secured and marked “Congrega¬ tional Service Car.” This is equipped with an electric gener¬ ator, a moving picture projector and other requisites for a socio-re¬ ligious ministry. With this car the missionary visits the numerous communities; preaches; organizes Sunday Schools; visits the sick; buries the dead; marries the young, and performs the usual ministerial services. But beyond this he pro¬ vides wholesome entertainment for the whole population; stimulates community interests and makes life worth living in these isolated communities. It is the field man who makes such cooperation possible. Every Community Service Endeavor, Nine denominations co-operate inadequate religious ministiy to every community in Montana Shaded areas assigned to Cogregationalists. Eight other denominations assume responsibility for unshaded portions, t«Congregational Churches An example of- Interdenominational Cooperation. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 18 JPOWDER RIVER PARISH IN PICTURES A Contrast in Equipment The City minister has a great plant, Mr. Waters has only the “Congregational Service Car” for ministry to 5,000 people, with no church building in his parish of 3,000 sq. miles. A Parish Call Powder River County, Montana, CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 19 POWDER RIVER PARISH IN PICTURES In Montana— 115 Miles From a Railway Here are children who have never seen a movie and never attended a Sunday School until The Service Car brought them both in 1920. This is one of the results of the Montana Plan of interdenomina¬ tional co-operation. Sand Creek S. S., Mont. (Organized June 6, 1920.) 20 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS In the Dry Farming Country Since the return of soldiers from the war, hundreds of boys who came back from “over there” have taken up ranches in Wyoming, Montana, Idaho and other states. There is a typical homesteader’s claim, adjacent to one of our chur¬ ches, forty miles from the rail¬ road, in an absolutely new land where everything must be done from digging the well to stretching the fence, building the claim shack, and gathering a few head of stock to start things going. The farmer is typical of hundreds—a college graduate, versatile, capable, accus¬ tomed to go to church. The only way to meet this growing need is through the home missionary who is equipped with an automobile. 3. The Sunday School Mission¬ ary The Sunday School missionary is more often than not the same man as the general missionary or the assistant superintendent. His functions are to gather new Sunday Schools; reorganize disbanded Sun¬ day Schools; strengthen weak and struggling Sunday Schools; provide Sundav School literature where xJ needed and to cooperate with the field men of the Education Society in its religious education program. An average of about two Sunday Schools a week are being organized by these missionaries. The last report shows 657 mission schools and 24,471 pupils. The need of this work is evident when it is known that there are 27,000,000 under twenty-five years of age in the United States who are not connected with any Sunday School and have no regular re¬ ligious education. “There are 500,000 children in Washington state not in any Sun¬ day School.” “There are people in this state who do not have a sermon once a year unless we hold schoolhouse services. One man rowed his wife and two boys across a wide, swift¬ running river and back in the dark, to get to a schoolhouse meeting three miles down the stream on the other side. Only once in twenty years had his wife been where she could worship in a place dedicated to God.” “There are children thirteen years old who live in places so godless that they do not know what a Sunday School is when asked if they want one.” Three Years Old and 60 Miles From Sunday School Shall We Give Him a Chance? CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 21 The Trinity County Sunday School Parish The Weaverville Congregational Church is the only Protestant church in Trinity County, Calif., a territory two-thirds the size of the State of Connecticut. There is not a Sunday School in the county apart from those that have been organized by our Sunday School extension representative. In addition to Weaverville the fol¬ lowing points are under our mis¬ sionary pastor's care, with the number of miles distant from Weaverville: Douglas City . 7 miles Hayfork .27 “ Ruth .72 “ Hyampom .43 “ Junction City .10 “ Burnt Ranch about.45 “ Lewiston .14 “ French Gulch .30 “ Trinity Center about ... .35 “ Carrville .43 “ In going to Burnt Ranch and Hyampom one has to go by trail, either on foot or horseback, for the last ten or twenty miles. The nearest railroad is at Redding, about fifty-five miles from Weav¬ erville. 4 , The Itinerant Worker “A million and a half seasonal workers—harvest men, loggers, sheep-shearers, cannery workers— have been wholly neglected by the church.” There are 100,000 lumbermen in the woods of the Northwest with¬ out religious and social ministry. If I. W. W. doctrines are false they wait to be shown. Recognizing that the lumber camps present an especially ne¬ glected field, we have attempted to face the problem seriously. A be¬ ginning was made this last sum¬ mer when the Home Missionary %/ Society sent four theological stu¬ dents to the lumber camps, the men working for wages while there. That the men should be sent to the camps as day laborers rather than as commissioned missionaries is an experiment we are convinced was worth trying. One man went from Yale and three from Union Semi¬ nary. All report experiences that will have a decided bearing, not only upon the future of the men themselves in their relation to the ministry but also upon the wisest method of approach to the problem of the migrant worker. Frontier Post Office 22 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS Lumber Camp Bunk House One of the students reports that he found himself a part of the sum¬ mer in a bunk house with forty other men, and the only ventila¬ tion was two small doors and two small windows. There were but two oil lamps to furnish light in the evenings for the forty men. No provision whatever was made for baths or for washing clothes. The only way the men could take a bath was to find an old tin can and build a fire by the side of some stream. Moving to another camp, he found conditions much better. There were shower baths, an up- to-date bunkhouse, well ventilated and lighted by electricity. Life histories of lumber camp workers were discovered, genuine friendships were formed, an in¬ sight into the psychology of the I. W. W. was gained, and alto¬ gether the experience proved ex¬ ceedingly valuable in suggesting a method of approach to this per¬ plexing problem. In Camp CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 23 Hall and Church, Rothiemay, Mont. Student Supplies Each year the Home Missionary Society sends out students to serve churches in the West. Two pur¬ poses are accomplished: first, churches that otherwise would be vacant have regular services through the summer months; sec¬ ond, students looking toward the ministry are given an opportunity for actual experience. In 1920 over thirty students were sent out, chiefly to the prairie and mountain states. As most of the students serve more than one church, it is safe to say that at least sixty churches received the inspiration of the leadership of these young men. One served a church in a town of three hundred where services had been closed for months. Under his leadership the people rallied so well that they not only paid him his entire salary but have offered to pay his expenses from New York to North Dakota if he will go back for the holidays. Another served for the second time a field in Montana. Here he had the use of a home missionary car, preaching regularly at four different points. -There are two church buildings in this circuit. This is a great dry farming section at the foot of the Snowy Range, Central Montana. The people of this section say that Rothiemay is “not a place, it is a state of mind.” However, they have a gen¬ eral store, a schoolhouse and a church. Under the Montana sur¬ vey, this great territory is assigned to Congregationalists. It is for us to send a leader to people eager to receive him. 5. The Present Force For the three Societies there are now 98 field men and women. Of these, seven are in the national offices; ten are national field work¬ ers; thirty-two are superintendents of states, districts and departments, and 49 are assistant superinten¬ dents and general missionaries, in¬ cluding Sunday School workers. It is to maintain this force and to furnish them resources in men and money that the budgets of the Extension Board are presented. 24 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS E . Evangelism By “Evangelism” is meant all the processes by which people are led to become Christians and unite with the church. Here it includes also those spiritual exercises cal¬ culated to deepen the spiritual life such as united prayer which is pro¬ moted by the Commission on Evangelism. The Church Extension Boards are not wholly responsible for the program of evangelism which- is a broader agency, but aid is given to the Commission just as to mis¬ sionary churches. Moreover the Extension force is the executive agency for advancing the denomi¬ national program of evangelism. Training conferences for field workers, and pastors are planned and financed by the Boards. So also the organizing and guiding of committees on evangelism of the associations and conferences is largely the work of the field force. Thus the support of the Extension Boards involves the support of the evangelistic endeavors of the de¬ nomination. The war and the influenza epi¬ demics are responsible for the fact that of the five items in the Ter¬ centenary Program, the second, which called upon the denomina¬ tion to add 500,000 members in five years, was the outstanding failure of the program. The number of additions run as follows: 1915, 70,- 026; 1916, 68,259; 1917, 65,734; 1918, 51,372; 1919, 59,922. 1920 indications are for a return to the larger numbers. Other items which give concern regard absentees, dropped members and the preponderance of additions by letter rather than on confession of faith. Here are the figures: Number of absentees in 1919, 116,- 489; number dropped in ten years, 250,221; number of deaths, 99,211; that is, for 100 deaths, 250 spir¬ itual deaths. In ten years 263, 274 were added by letter; 191,474 were dismissed by letter; that is, other denominations transferred to us 71,800 more members than we transferred to them. Our total gain in the same ten years was 77.548, so that all but 5,748 came from other denominations. Since 1918 the Commission on Evangelism has had an employed secretary, Rev. F. L. Fagley, D.D., who has been gathering the facts about the situation, and at the same time bringing together the re¬ ports of successful endeavors and methods, and passing on to all the churches the findings of the Com¬ mission from these studies. This has resulted in the issuing of “A Program of Pastoral Evangelism” and other helps, including an an¬ nual prayer ^calendar for the pre- Easter season and other practical helps. It is doubtless due to these endeavors that we have been able to show a slight gain in member¬ ship when other denominations were losing in large numbers. The tide has now turned in the right direction. This program calls for $15,000 with which to maintain this work. Furthermore the action of the National Council in constituting the Commission of the Congregational World Movement stipulated that one of the chief objectives of the commission should be to further the work of winning men to the stand¬ ard of Jesus Christ. This has been sought through reinforcing the ac¬ tivities of the Commission on Evangelism. Attention is called to “the year-around church-wide pro¬ gram of Evangelism” outlined on page 48 of the 1919 Year Book. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 25 WHERE 58 MILLIONS UNCHURCHED PROTESTANT AMERICANS RESIDE ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE D. C. FLORIDA GEORGIA IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK N. CAROLINA N. DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND S. CAROLINA S. DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON W. VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ^^^^^^^’^^■iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiii X^^^lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllll ^^»^^i^%iaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Totals: Catholics 17.049.000 Jews 3,387,200 Other Non-Prot 739,700 CATHOLIC JEWISH includes children Protestants 24,354,300 Not members of any church 58,110,100 PERSONS OTHER NON PROTESTANT CHILDREN °!^ CHILDREN : PROTESTANT CHURCH MEMBERS under loyears Not members includes ONLY _ o* age in ol any church children Protestant church homes under 10 years ot age in Unchurched homes This chart is taken from the Sur¬ vey of the Interchurch World Movement, and was compiled from the census of religious bodies of the United States Bureau of Census, 1916. The sections marked with perpendicular lines represent the 50,000,000 persons over nine years of age nominally Protestant, but members of no church, and show graphically the evangelistic task of the churches in America. 26 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS F. The City In 1800 we had but six large cities, having a total population of 210,873. In 1910 we had 1,230 cities of more than 5,000 each, with a total population of 38,507,727. The census of 1920 shows that over 54,000,000 of our 105,500,000 peo¬ ple in Continental U. S., that is more than half of the American people, live in cities. the task. There should be an im¬ pressive place of worship and a parish-house adapted to com¬ munity service and equipped for educational, social and recreational ministries. The extraordinary cost of land in the city and the high cost of labor and material overtax the local re¬ sources. The new city church must have generous help if it is to be equipped for its great task. The Children of the City One-tenth of the total population of the United States live in three cities—New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. We must save the cities to save America. The church must meet the perils and problems of the city by exalting American ideals and getting the principles and spirit of Christ into the life of the people. The city church building should be noble, attractive and fitted for The city is a great polyglot com¬ munity—all races, colors, lan¬ guages, characters mixed together. The greatest wealth and the great¬ est poverty are side by side. The church is a beacon of brotherhood showing the essential unity of all these classes. It points the way to the best life and exemplifies it. It will save the city by ennobling the life of the people. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 27 Los Angeles, Mt. Hollywood Children at the Parish House. Shall We Build the Church? The children are the hope of the city. They are to be the makers of America in the coming years. The church must be equipped for moulding character. To take a typical case in Los Angeles, Cal., a city of more than half a million people, the Church Building Society has helped secure the first unit of a grgat church plant to meet the needs of the hun¬ dreds of children and their elders that swarm to their doors at Mt. Hollywood. More than a thousand growing cities, with populations ranging from 5,000 to more than 5,000,000 must have modern church equip¬ ment, if we are to leaven America with Christian ideals. In Cleveland, a city of nearly a million people, we have thirty- six Congregational Churches. They are for all classes and several dif¬ ferent nationalities. At Denison Ave. a great institutional plant has been secured by the help of the Building Society, and it ministers to a multitude of those of moderate means. This is but one of the many Cleveland churches which have found aid from the society neces¬ sary to their life. Appeals from thirty-five churches in cities of 5,000 or more people are now being made to the Church Building Society for its assistance. In many of these places the situa¬ tion is critical. Just as the city requires an ade¬ quate plant so it must have com¬ manding leadership. The scale of home missionary work adapted to previous generations of rural Amer¬ ica will not meet the challenge of the big city. 28 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS Gains and Losses in 20 Cities Chs. Chs. Mbrs. Mbrs. % % City Dr’p’d Ad’d 1910 1920 Gain Loss Census New York. .... 6 9 23,553 24,392 839 3.5 17.9 Chicago . ....16 8 15,178 14,908 270 —1.07 23.6 Boston. 1 13,916 16,816 2,900 20.8 11.5 Cleveland . .... 3 O «J 8,279 9,171 892 10.7 42.1 New Haven ... .... 2 6,774 6,062 712 —10.5 21.5 Minneapolis ... 2 6,697 7,464 767 11.4 26.2 San Francisco.. .... 3 4 5,788 6,930 1,142 19.7 21.9 Los Angeles.. .. .... 2 10 4,061 5.548 1,487 36.6 80.4 Seattle . 3 3.230 3,982 752 23.1 33 Denver . .... 4 4 3,293 3,216 77 —2.3 20.2 Providence .... .... 4 4,537 3,958 579 —14.6 .059 Detroit . 2 2,964 4,380 1,416 47.7 113.3 Washington . .. 1 2,869 3,880 1,011 35.2 32.1 Portland, Me... 2,818 3,062 244 8.6 St. Louis. .... 3 3,518 2,932 586 —16.3 12.5 Portland, Ore... .. .. 1 7 2,059 2,967 908 44.1 24.6 Milwaukee .. .. .... 4 1 1,833 1,544 289 —15.2 22.2 Des Moines. ... .... 3 1,462 1,427 35 —2.4 46.4 Omaha . .... 2 1 1,190 1,574 384 33.2 54.3 Dallas . .. .. 1 2 791 754 37 —4.6 72.6 54 58 114,810 124,977 12,742 2,585 It will be observed that of the 20 cities, 12 show gains and 8 losses; that is, 40% are losing ground in the larger cities. In fairness it should be said that often the loss in the city proper is made up in the gain of resident suburbs. For example, if the entire Chicago Association be taken, a gain in membership is shown of 3,314, or 15%. After all is allowed for, however, it remains true that we are not keeping up with the popula¬ tion in the cities. Note the per¬ centage of gains in population compared with membership. The property cost is the big obstacle. We must think of Church Building aid in larger terms if we are to meet the challenge of the cities. Department of City Work In view of the importance of work in the cities the Extension Boards maintain a Director of City Work, who gives his attention to three lines of service, the planting of churches, the closing out of churches and advising with those responsible for work in the cities. Under the first class, Rev. L. H. Rovce as Director, has given him¬ self to the planting in new com¬ munities of new churches, in which work he has settled down for a number of months, first in one city and then in another, until the people were organized; the equip¬ ment secured, and a pastor ready to go forward with the work. Mr. Royce has been instrumental in closing out just about as many churches as he has organized new ones. This is done after careful and extended study of the field, in which Mr. Royce serves as pastor through an extended time. In this way con¬ siderable amounts of money are conserved for work where it is actually needed. Out of these practical experiences the Director of City Work gleans a fund of information regarding prin¬ ciples, policies and plans that is invaluable to the leaders in scores of cities which have sought his ad¬ vice. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 29 G. The Country The new rural life is with us. Government activity, especially in agricultural colleges with their many lines of extension work, is both a result and a cause. The Chautauqua, the lyceum, the open forum, the community center movement are associated pheno¬ mena. The rightful place of the rural church is that of inspirer and guide in this movement. The problems of the country are essentially spir¬ itual problems. Questions of health, education, community wel¬ fare, industrial cooperation are questions of ideals born of spiritual motives. To meet the new rural life a new rural church is a necessity. This new church has made its appear¬ ance all over the country. In line with this fact the Extension Boards cooperate with local communities in establishing country churches calculated to meet the new de¬ mands. These churches are fre¬ quently called demonstration sta¬ tions because they are intended not alone to minister to particular communities but to establish a type which shall be followed throughout the land. A demonstration station calls for three things particularly: (a) effective leadership; (b) adequate physical equipment; (c) a compre¬ hensive program. The country church should pro¬ vide not alone for worship, but for religious education and community service, such as is suggested in the accompanying “Program of a Com¬ munity Church.” The equipment should ordinarily provide for ath¬ letic and entertainment features, rest-room, dining-room, kitchen, and frequently, some dispensary Program of a Community Church x—Already started, o—Can be started when backing is assured, y—Desired. Religious Activities x Morning Service x Evening Community Service x Enlarged Sunday School x Motor Transport Corps x Home Department x Mission Study in Sunday School x Parish Work in “No Man’s Land” Economic Activities o Farm Cooperation o Canning Clubs o Community Kitchen Educational Acti ities x Nature Study Club o Sewing School x Home Economics Classes y Singing School y Lecture Courses y Enlarged Village Library Recreational Activities x Moving Pictures Sports x Baseball o Volley Ball o Tennis o Game Room y Dramatics o Community Picnics Industrial Activities o Hartland “Home Shops” Public Health Activities y Village Water Supply x Home Nursing Courses o Health Lectures o Hot School Lunches x Training Nursing Outfit Young People’s Work x Boy Scouts o Junior Scouts y Camp Fire Girls y Junior Fire Girls Village Improvement Activities x Village Water Supply y Care Church Premises y Care Cemetery y Care Door-yards General Activities y Rest-room and Lavatory y Special Observances x Community Xmas Tree x Memorial Day y Old Home Week 30 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS service. The automobile, with re- picture projectors, is almost a re¬ quisites for socio-religious service, cessity; surely so where outlying such as stereopticon and moving regions require ministry. Larger Parish Plans Collbran, Colorado, is one of the Demonstration Parishes. In the village of Collbran are 300 people: in Plateau Valley, twenty miles long by six wide, 4,000 people. In this fertile, irri¬ gated valley ours is the only church at the center. There are fourteen outstations of our church from two to fifteen miles from the center. Services are held by our Collbran pastors in schoolhouses or little churches. They reach these outstations by a parish car, with electric gener¬ ator, and a moving picture ma¬ chine. A Parish house is now being added to the church, with ample rooms for community services, class rooms, rest rooms for farmers and their wives, a gymnasium, kitchen and dining-room for banquets, moving picture apparatus and ten¬ nis courts outside. The ranchmen and farmers and villagers of Plateau Valley are con¬ tributing generously toward this new community plant. They will give $10,000 or more to make this ideal a reality. They ask the Church Building Society for $7,000. Of this $4,000 is to be a grant and $3,000 a loan. The Extension Boards are aid¬ ing another Demonstration Parish at Star, N. C. The center will be our “Country Life School” at Star, with its property worth $40,000. There are several outstations reached from this center, including four Congregational churches which have buildings. The parish car, with electric generator, moving picture outfit, and baby organ, enable our min¬ isters to interest the people at these various points, as well as at the school center with its church. Montrose, Colorado, has another larger parish of great importance. Here is a little city of 3,400 peo¬ ple. The field is eighteen miles long by nine miles wide. There CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 31 Collbran. Colo.. Congregational Church and Parish House are seven outstations, from three to five miles away. Our modern church and parish house make a social center for the hundreds of people on the farms and ranches in this great field. A modern church school, an up-to- date pulpit, and a first rate recre¬ ational outfit give the gospel mes¬ sage new force in that valley on the western slope of the Rockies. Hundreds of country churches all over our land need just such com¬ munity service. Many of them are dying because of the “one-cell building,” and a perfunctory serv- vice. We must help them to a broader program and a complete equipment. Collbran, Colo., Floor Plans 32 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS Nazarene Congregational Church, Brooklyn, New York H. The Negro The Negro migration has brought to the North during recent years about half a million colored people from southern states. They have gone chiefly to the cities, especially to New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Cleveland. They seek social and political jus¬ tice, and a better chance for them¬ selves and their families. The allurements and vices of the city bring their own peculiar perils to these migrants. These must be counteracted by spiritual forces as provided by the churches. Greater New York has 280,000 of these people, making this the largest Negro urban population on earth. Only 80,000 of them are churched, leaving in the city more unchurched Negroes than in any other city in the world. Brooklyn has 60,000 of these Negroes with church accommoda¬ tion for only 5,000. Dr. Henry H. Proctor, pastor of the Nazarene church, whose mem¬ bership has doubled in six months, proposes to make this a church center, with a plant covering an entire block. This will include a modern house of worship, seating 2,000 or more; a large parish house, including rooms for social worship; an up-to-date Sunday School; a gymnasium, a dining hall, a roof garden, a dispensary, and a day nurserv. There is to be a home for young women, and another for young men. There are also to be model tenements for homes and first class business houses. The plant calls for more than a million dollars. Rev. Harold M. Kingsley, direc¬ tor of work in colored churches in the north, says the points of chief importance for our work because of great numbers of negroes are, first, New York; second, Chicago; third, Detroit. He is himself developing an institutional church in Detroit. In eleven states in the South where we have colored churches there are 152 church organizations, with a total membership of 10,044, and with 15,328 enrolled in the Sunday Schools. Five field men are at work in six of these states developing Sunday Schools. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 33 /. The New American At this writing the census figures on the immigrant population have not been announced for 1920. These figures will doubtless show between sixteen and seventeen mil¬ lions of foreign-born persons living within the United States, and something over twenty millions of foreign extraction. The tide of emigration which was checked, and practically stopped, during the war has set in again and the indications are that the high tide reached just before the war will soon be passed in the number of immigrants arriving on our shores. In the words of the Commissioner of Immigration, “Between 3,000,000 and 4,000,000 Italians are seeking domiciles and citizenship here, and more than 3,000,000 Poles want to come over.” In varying degree similar situa¬ tions exist in many of the Euro¬ pean countries, particularly of the South and the East of Europe. Approximately one-fourth of the children of the United States now live in homes of foreign-born peo¬ ple. According to the Interchurch survey some 1,500 publications in foreign languages, with approxi¬ mately 8,000,000 copies in circula¬ tion, read probably by 16,000,000 people, furnish intellectual leader¬ ship for the foreign born. It is re¬ assuring to know that probably not more than five per cent of these publications could be called radi¬ cal, and that ninety-five per cent are American in their ideals. It is a sobering thought, how¬ ever, to remember that in many of our larger cities the population is predominantly of foreign extrac¬ tion. In the next generation, there¬ fore, the ideals of the foreign na¬ tions will be the ideals of the cen¬ ters of population, except as those ideals are leavened by the funda¬ mental principles of the American Republic, which root in the Chris¬ tian faith. From the above can be seen the importance of effective ministry by the American Protestant churches. This ministry is of two general types; first and more important, that rendered by the ordinary American church to the foreign born, and especially the children of foreign born; and secondly, a tem¬ porary service but of far-reaching significance in the languages of the peoples as they come to our shores. Work is carried on in foreign languages by the Home Missionary Society, assisted by the Sunday School Extension Society and the Church Building Society in the following languages: Armenian .12 Assyrian . 1 Bohemian . 2 Bulgarian . •. 1 Chinese . 1 Cuban . 1 Dano-Norwegian . 25 Finnish .. 50 French .. 5 German .88 Greek . 3 Indian .• •. 2 Italian .16 Polish .. 1 Portuguese . 2 Slovak . 8 Spanish .19 Swede-Finn . 1 Swede .56 Syrian . 2 Turkish-Armenian . 1 Welsh ... 3 Total .300 The Church of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, New York As typical of the work done for foreign-speaking groups we cite the work for Italians in Brooklyn at the Church of the Redeemer. This church was organized in 1903. For some years it has wor¬ shipped in a building which began life as a stable. It was trans¬ formed into a makeshift church 34 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS by a group of Norwegians and passed into the possession of the Italians. There are 60,000 Italians in that vicinity and we are pro¬ viding for a large group not cared for by the Roman Catholic Church. The Old Stable Church The old stable-church provided a room for preaching services and some small rooms in the. upper story for Sunday School and occa¬ sional social use, but it was unfit for the wider community service which is increasingly demanded. The work was carried on under many difficulties and was a source of life for manv, but it was in no position to serve as it should the community about it. The church has secured as a leader the Rev. Gaetano Lisi, born in Italy, but educated largely in America. He was in religious work in Massachusetts before the war, served in the Italian army in Northern Italy during the conflict, being three times wounded, and then entered the service of the Y. M. C. A. in Italy. Returning to this country he taught Italian in the American International College in Springfield while also preaching in a small church. An excellent new building has been secured for this church within a block of the old one. This is a large mansion on a good corner, admirably adapted for various forms of social service. A good sized hall for church purposes will be provided on the first floor, in the basement there will be a clinic, with baths. There is a large sunny room for a Kindergarten and there are facilities for boys and girls. Rooms for Sunday School and so¬ cial work are provided on the sec¬ ond floor while the upper floor will be used for the residence of the pastor and other needed workers. The grounds and piazzas will be made as attractive as possible. The development of this work in one of the largest Italian colonies in the country is of unusual in¬ terest. There will be no proselyt¬ ing from those who are being re¬ ligiously cared for by other de¬ nominations. Most Italians are Catholics and many are good In Place of the Old Stable Church Catholics, but there is a very large number of Italians who have drifted from the mother church and who welcome the sympathy and ministrations which we are able to bring to them. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS 35 Finns in America There were in this country in 1910, 130,000 Finns born in Fin¬ land and 81,000 born here of for¬ eign parents, making in all 211,000. Half of this population is found in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minne¬ sota. In Minnesota they center around Duluth with about 20,000 in the county. There are important groups in Massachusetts and other eastern states. Also in the mountain states of Montana, Idaho and on the Pa¬ cific Coast. In later years there has been a strong drift among these people from the mines, lumber camps and fisheries to the farms. This drift to the farms is seen in all parts of the country and indicates that these people are to be a permanent element in our population. It also has a strong tendency to counter¬ act the extreme radicalism which characterizes some Finns where they are employed as laborers. We have now twenty-three or¬ ganized churches among the Finns of which fourteen are in the New England states, eight being in Mas¬ sachusetts. The largest churches in membership are in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Astoria, Oregon. There are very strong churches in Quincy and Fitchburg, Mass. There are also at least twenty points in Massachusetts where there are cen¬ ters of work with no formal or¬ ganization. The ministers are all traveling Evangelists in all parts of the country. Theologically conservative and highly evangelical as most of the ministers are they seem to feel at home in all Finnish communities whatever may be the local eccle¬ siastical affiliations. They assist Lutheran churches in conducting confirmation classes and exchange services with ministers of other de¬ nominations. Most of the churches are very strict in the matter of ad¬ mission to membership. The Finns are a very indepen¬ dent race and appreciate the indi¬ vidual freedom they find with us. The time seems ripe for a wider work among them if it can be financed. A very important place for such work is in Duluth where we already have a small church. This city is the center of the largest Finnish population in the country. A Finnish Sunday School After Conference 36 CHURCH EXTENSION BOARDS Conclusion It may aid in appraising the work of the Church Extension Boards to sum up the foregoing pages: A Fundamental Service It will be seen that the service of the Church Extension Boards is fundamental to the very life of the church itself. These are the agen¬ cies which not only promote the life of existing churches but are the means of organizing new churches, of preventing the death of old churches, of keeping the supply of the pastorate strong, of making possible adequate equipment, of furnishing fellowship to all the churches; in short, the organizing of churches and the maintaining of churches depend very largely upon the effectiveness of the Church Ex¬ tension Boards. Likewise the benevolences of the churches depend to a large extent upon the field force of the Exten¬ sion Boards. The Congregational World Movement would hardly be possible without the cooperation of this force. Moreover it is a fundamental service because the home church is the base of supply for both men and money for all the out-reaching work of the church. To withhold from these agencies the resources with which to do their work would be to condemn all our work to failure. The Response of Gratitude The Church Extension Boards have claims upon the gratitude of practically all our churches. The church which has not received aid in one way or another from the Church Extension Boards is rare. More than four-fifths, certainly, have received aid on the pastor’s salary, while more than the major¬ ity were organized by the Home Missionary Society. Still others have received aid on their church buildings or in removing debt. In this day of magnificent oppor¬ tunity and high challenge, the gratitude of churches once the ob¬ ject of the denomination’s helpful¬ ness may be expected to repay with interest the aid once given. Cooperation of the Struggling Church Ought the church which is strug¬ gling to meet its own problems to share to any great extent in the endeavor to meet the total respon¬ sibilities of the denomination? The answer is obvious. The only hope of the struggling church in America today is the success of the Congregational World Movement. To the struggling churches of America will return in actual cash more money than they contribute to the entire missionary and edu¬ cational program. This will come to them in aid on pastor’s salary, in the campaign for the increase of pastors’ salaries by the churches themselves, in grants and loans on buildings and parsonages, and not least in the constant care given them by the field force of the Boards. The struggling church is therefore the last which ought to withhold its cooperation. Beyond the money value of con¬ tributions from such churches is the building up of the morale of the denomination. For the little church to do nobly is to guarantee that the large church will also do nobly; thus no church liveth or dieth unto itself. In view of these things the Ex¬ tension Boards as the agents of the churches look to those churches with confidence for the resources with which to do the fundamental work assigned to them. THE EDUCATION SOCIETY 37 Congregational Education Society & Increases Administration General Education Budget Needed Headquarters expense, salaries, public- 1920-21 1921-22 ity, rent, etc. $ 26,935 $ 5,500 Social Service Department. 11,390 2,500 Missionary Education Department. 14,000 2,500 Institutions and Student Life Dept.— Salaries, office and other expenses.. . 6,550 2,500 Minsterial Students Aid. 8,900 5,000 Aid for young women studying for professional Christian service. .... 4,000 Colleges, academies, training schools... 20,030 .... University Pastorates . 19,712 7,500 Young People’s Dept. 800 7,500 Field Work Department— Salaries and expenses of ten district Religious Education Secretaries and their offices. 44,683 7,500 Additional Field Work Secretary and expenses . .... 5,000 Elementary Secretary . 500 3,500 Interchurch World Movement. 6,000 .... Religious Day Schools. . 1,500 Daily Vacation Bible Schools. .... 1,000 Contingent . 5,000 .... Expense Cong’l World Movement, includes share of the Society and educational institutions . . 18,000 $164,500 $ 73,500 164,500 Total Budget 1921-22. $238,000 Income from permanent funds and legacies. 38,000 Needed from Churches. $200,000 Hope for a kingdom of God in the world would be utterly without foundation but for the succeeding generations of boys and girls. Here is the imitative, plastic, impressionable material which can be fashioned according to the kingdom ideal, whenever we adults realize that this is our supreme opportunity to build the kingdom. Making men is the one task in the world. That is the only valid reason for running homes, schools, churches, farms, banks and railroads, or for doing any kind of business. The time to make the right kind of men is while they are young and moldable. The churches have asked the Education Society to lead in the work of permeating our entire denominational life with an adequate and com¬ pelling religious education ideal. The work is done in the three basic institutions, the home, the church and the school. 38 THE EDUCATION SOCIETY The Task and the Staff The task is to train our people in Christian living, for Christian service, and for Christian leader¬ ship. Success in this conditions the success of all our missionary so¬ cieties and denominational enter¬ prises. The entire headquarters staff of the Society, in co-operation with the editorial department of the Publishing Society, under the di¬ rection of an exceptionally compe¬ tent board of directors, and in con¬ stant consultation with the field force, plan the entire program and the methods and materials by which it is to be carried forward. The work is done through five departments. Institutions and Student Life This one department is larger than the entire society six years ago. It aids academies, colleges, training-schools, student pastors at tax-supported schools and students studying for the ministry. All types of institutions and their work will be treated on the follow¬ ing pages. Only the other features will be touched upon here. The program of the denomina¬ tion for recruiting Christian leaders heads up in this department. A specially well equipped man has just been engaged as secretary. Congregationalists are furnishing but a little more than half their own leaders. If we did not borrow from other denominations, our work would be ruinously crippled. Every home, church, educational institution and Christian worker is to be enlisted in the effort to secure more and stronger leaders. A secretary and the full operation of the department next year neces¬ sitate the $2,500 increase. The expenses of ministerial stu¬ dents have doubled. Without the $5,000 increase for their aid we can help them no more than before the war and must refuse some who have real need. An assistant or director of religious education greatly increas¬ es the efficiency of any church. The churches are calling for many more than are available. Young women in considerable numbers are applying to us for aid to get the training, but we have no funds and must say no. The $4,000 is a beginning toward meeting this urgent need. From 100 to 1100 Congregational students attend each of more than 30 tax-supported institutions. For the cost of a worker we can reach, win, and hold large numbers for the Church, the Kingdom and for Christian leadership. The $7,500 is urgently needed to hold strong leaders and occupy more of these strategic fields. Social Service So long as the Brotherhood program of the Church is crippled through lack of knowledge or through misrepresentation of facts by antagonistic forces, it is the duty of the Social Service Depart¬ ment to seek and to furnish to our churches the facts which are vital to such a program. To this end, it is co-operating in establishing at New York in con- THE EDUCATION SOCIETY 39 nection with the Federal Council of Churches, a department of Sur¬ veys and Industrial Research. This calls for an increase of $2,500 in our budget for the coming year. The Social Service Department is also responsible for: 1. The promotion of study groups and forum classes in which the Church shall seek to become in¬ formed and build a common con¬ science with reference to the social problems of the day. In this, the department co-operates with the district secretaries of the Educa¬ tion Society. 2. The production of social stud¬ ies which can become a part of the curriculum in the educational work of the church. Three new courses were made available during this last year. 3. The gathering of data as to successful church methods. The denomination has had no depart¬ ment specifically charged with this task. The Social Service Depart¬ ment has set itself to supply this need and is co-operating in the preparation of a series of manuals on church methods. One of the most effective methods of social education is through con¬ ferences and institutes. In connection with the Federal Council of Churches, a series of nation-wide social and industrial institutes are planned for the com¬ ing year. Missionary Education The study of Missions and training in Missionary Service are vital factors in a Christian program of religious education. They are essential— (1) To the Full Development of Christian Personalitv. The Chris- tian impulse must find expres¬ sion in service or it weakens and its possessor remains a spiritual defective. (2) To the Strength and Vigor of the Church. Expression of the Christian spirit in service is as necessary for the spiritual health of the Church as for that of the in¬ dividual church member. (3) To the Generous and Sys¬ tematic Support of the Missionary Agencies of the Church. Such sup¬ port comes most surely as the result of a sound knowledge of facts, the cultivation of vital human interests, and the establishment of Christ- like attitudes and habits of conduct toward all people near at hand or far away. (4) To the Recruiting of Young Life for Missionary Service at home and abroad. Missionary Education presents the claims of such service and leads young peo¬ ple to consider them fairly. The Missionary Education De¬ partment serves the interests of the churches and of the missionary agencies by promoting such study and training. It gathers the facts concerning the work, the needs, and the literature of all the mission boards. It suggests plans and meth¬ ods for the missionary education of children, youth, and men and women. 40 THE EDUCATION SOCIETY It makes this information avail¬ able and promotes its use in the churches and Sunday Schools by the publication of pamphlets, leaf¬ lets, and magazine articles; by ad¬ dresses at conferences, institutes, and in churches; by correspond¬ ence and personal interviews; and by missionary education exhib¬ its. The Department is a clear¬ ing house for the exchange of ideas and helpful suggestions in this field. It promotes and shares in the conduct of denominational and in¬ terdenominational Summer Con¬ ferences and Training Institutes for missionary education in all parts of the country. The volume and expense of this work are constantly growing. The costs of printing and publishing, clerical work, and travel are much greater than formerly. An ade¬ quate exhibit, duplicated for use in different sections of the country is an urgent need. The demand for this service and evidences of its fruitfulness are steadily increasing. The $2,500 asked for is to meet this demand. The usefulness of the Department will be in proportion to the amount of support it receives. Young People When do we lose them? Ages 15 to 24. Why? We have done less to enlist and hold them than other denominations. The National Council has asked this Society to lead in a new effort to reach and hold these young people so necessary to the church and the kingdom. Our budget to date has made it impossible to secure a secretary to lead in this work. The program is launched and the district secre¬ taries are rendering splendid ser¬ vice, but aggressive work waits for a leader who can live with the task. The $7,500 in next year's budget will maintain this depart¬ ment. Field Work Through the ten district secre¬ taries working under direction from headquarters, the Society carries the program and the ma¬ terials for its realization to the churches. These secretaries assist State Conferences, District Associations and local churches, construct and carry out their religious education programs. The church school, young people's work, missionary education, social service and re¬ cruiting leaders are their main spheres of operation. The call of the churches for this work is so great that one of our secretaries could have booked him¬ self for two years in advance. An¬ other has one assistant and has been loudly calling for another to meet the demand. The efficiency of our churches is involved. We must retain strong men. We must have another sec¬ retary and should have two. Proper increase in salaries, the additional secretary, and increased expense of living and travel claim the $12,500 increase asked under this department. THE EDUCATION SOCIETY 41 Colleges and Universities Name Beloit . Billings Polytechnic Inst Carleton . Colorado . Doane . Drury . Fairmount . Fargo . Fisk University . Grinnell . Howard University . Kingfisher . Knox . Marietta . Middlebury . Northland . Olivet . Pacific University. Piedmont . Pomona . Ripon . Rollins . Tabor.. Washburn . Wheaton . Whitman . Yankton . ..>. Place . .Beloit, Wis. . .Billings, Mont. ..Northfield, Minn. . .Colorado Springs, Colo . .Crete, Neb. ..Springfield, Mo. ..Wichita, Kan. . .Fargo, N. D. ..Nashville, Tenn. . .Grinnell, Iowa . . .Washington, D. C. . .Kingfisher, Okla. . .Galesburg, Ill. ..Marietta, Ohio . ..Middlebury, Vt. ..Ashland, Wis. ..Olivet, Mich. ..Forest Grove, Ore. ..Demorest, Ga. ..Claremont, Calif. ..Ripon, Wis. ..Winter Park, Fla. ..Tabor, Iowa . ..Topeka, Kan. ..Wheaton, Ill. ..Walla Walla, Wash... ..Yankton, S. D. Name Beuzonia . Country Life Endeavor . Franklin . Iberia .. Kidder . Pillsbury . Thorsby Institute Thrall. Ward .. Latin American .. Academies Place .Benzonia, Mich.. .Star, N. C. .Endeavor, Wis_ .Franklin, Neb.... .Iberia, Mo. .Kidder, Mo.. .Owatonna, Minn. .Thorsby, Ala. .Strool, S. D. .Academy, S. D... .West Tampa, Fla Training Schools Name Schauffler Miss. Training School. Congrega’l Tr. School for Women. Union Theol. College. Redfield College ... Place .Cleveland, Ohio .Chicago, Ill. .Chicago, Ill. .Redfield, S. D.. Seminaries Name Atlanta Theological. Bangor Theological . Chicago Theological . Hartford Theological . “ School of Rel. Ped... Kennedy School of Missions.... Pacific School of Religion. Place ... .Atlanta, Ga_ ....Bangor, Me_ ....Chicago, Ill... ... Hartford, Conn ... .Berkeley, Calif Apportionment .$ 15,000 . 16,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 . 25,000 . 25,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 . 6,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 .:. 15,000 . 15,000 . 16,000 . 25,000 . 20,000 . 25,000 . 15,000 . 15,000 . 13,500 . 13,500 . 15,000 . 13 500 . 15,000 . 25,000 $448,500 Apportionment .$ 3,000 . 2,000 . 2,000 . 7,000 . 2,000 . 4,000 . 4,000 . 2,000 . 3,000 . 3,000 . 2,000 $ 34,000 Apportionment .$ 4,000 . 4,000 . 5,000 . 5,000 $ 18,000 Apportionment .$ 5.000 . 7.500 . 7,500 . 10,000 ' •. 7,500 $ 37,500 42 THE EDUCATION SOCIETY Work in Tax Supported Schools To help provide residences for workers and support or equipment for the work in the following institutions: Arizona, Maine, Vermont, Cor¬ nell, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Mon¬ tana, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Washington, California, and Nevada State Universities; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, Washington, Oregon, New Mexico and California Colleges of Agriculture. There are other state schools and especially normal col¬ leges where work should be done. Total. $37,000 Totals Colleges .$448,500 Seminaries . 37 } 500 State Schools . 37,000 Academies . 34,000 Training Schools . 18,000 $575,000 Christian Education The use man will make of his power is the supreme problem of the twentieth century. This is primar¬ ily a matter of intelligence, ideals and motives. The issue will be either a Chris¬ tian or a pagan civilization. Can we provide sufficient moral ballast for our careening world? We believe in education but pagan education may only produce shrewder knaves. Education must be Christian to guarantee that it will be a blessing rather than a curse. Education is primarily a matter of personal influence, operating through the group life in which our youth share. Personality and at¬ mosphere are primary educational factors. The independent Christian edu¬ cational institution can largely de¬ termine the personality of its teach¬ ing force and the atmosphere of its group life. Education is incomplete apart from training in religion. There¬ fore we believe in the Christian school, free to provide for unfolding the total nature of the student. Academies About seventy per cent of our ministers decided upon their life work before college age. The academy gets the young people during the most decisive period, and also furnishes a chance for education to young people who would otherwise be denied. Colleges Until the year 1865 practically all college trained leaders in our THE EDUCATION SOCIETY 43 country came from church schools. State universities are largely a product of the last fifty years. The debt of this country to the Chris¬ tian college is incalculable. These institutions continue to furnish the major portion of our ministers and missionaries. They also stand rug¬ gedly in our commercial age for making a life as well as making a living. They are indispensable to the balance of our educational sys¬ tem and to the training of that Christian leadership which alone can build a kingdom of God in the world. Theological Seminaries Congregationalists believe in fully equipped leadership. Our theological schools have been pio¬ neers in Christian thinking and in providing a trained ministry. To a large degree they determine the strength and power of the church. Strong leadership is a necessity to an aggressive Christian program. These theological schools furnish the men who more than any other group determine the moral fibre of the nation and the destiny of the world. Training Schools Thoroughly trained men and wom¬ en assistants would almost double the efficiency of large numbers of our churches. The pastor cannot meet all the requirements alone. The attempt to do so impairs his usefulness in the major tasks to which he should attend. The training schools which are equip¬ ping young men and women as di¬ rectors of religious education, pas¬ tors’ assistants, parish secretaries, and for work among foreigners and other special groups are supplying a need which will tremendously in¬ crease our church efficiency. Tax Supported Institutions Tax supported institutions of higher education are the crown of the state educational system. These institutions do regular college work, but their chief field is technical, vocational and professional train¬ ing. To them our choicest young men and women are going by thou¬ sands. Being state-controlled, most of these institutions, as such, do little or nothing to provide definite Christian training. Our young people who attend these schools are potential power and leadership for the church and the kingdom of God. We would miss a great op¬ portunity and be derelict to duty if we did not surround them in these educational centers with the finest Christian influences. The strongest kind of Christian leader¬ ship is being provided, but this leadership is handicapped unless we furnish facilities. Our student pastors need residences. Our churches in these centers need reli¬ gious education and social equip¬ ment, and some of them must have help to build an adequate house of worship. Financial The financial pressure upon our educational institutions is tremen¬ dous. Men students went to war and cut the income from tuition. Costs 44 THE EDUCATION SOCIETY increased on every hand, while war drives of various kinds made it difficult to secure increased income. The S. A. T. C. was an added ex¬ pense in most schools. The armistice found most of these institutions with burden¬ some war deficits. Then came a still greater rise in the cost of things. Salaries had to be in¬ creased. Today the budget of most schools is fifty per cent higher than in 1914, and for many the budget has doubled. Where endowments have not been increased, schools that formerly had to raise fifteen to fifty thousand dollars per year to make ends meet now have to raise thirty to one hundred thou¬ sand dollars to come out even. This situation threatens the very life of some strategic institutions and unless increased resources come to others their efficiency will be greatly impaired. These schools should be as thor- t oughly equipped for the work they attempt as tax-supported institu¬ tions are for their work. Otherwise we can hardly be said to be giving our students a square deal. Every cent of the amounts al¬ located to these institutions is sorely needed. Even then many of them must go to their friends this very year for two to five times the amount we propose to raise for current expenses, and in addition to this must greatly increase their endowments immediately. Let us not be deceived. Our leadership in the educational world is seriously threatened. These schools must have our hearty in¬ terest and support. DIVERSITY OF IEUH01S LAiU«« / THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 45 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION THE FIELD AND THE MOTIVE The situation of those belated races under our national flag in whose behalf we are working through The American Missionary Association— the Negro, the Indian, the Mexican, the Oriental, the Highlander and the Porto Rican —makes a varied and powerful appeal to us Congrega- tionalists. Believing profoundly, as we do, in the fundamental principles of the Republic, which are also fundamental to our own traditional faith, holding as did our fathers that all men are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection, rights and privileges, we are glad of a chance to prove that faith bv our works. A deep affection for this coun¬ try makes us keenly sensitive to the dishonor and alive to the dan¬ ger implied in the fact that mil¬ lions upon millions of her citizens are unjustly deprived of the nor¬ mal privileges of citizenship while vast multitudes of them are left weltering in superstition and deg¬ radation. We, therefore, count it not only a sacred duty but a high privilege to bear our part in bring¬ ing to an end conditions so shame¬ ful and perilous. Peabody Academy, Troy, N. C. New building designed for both church and school. The treatment that these people have received, and are even now receiving from certain men of our own race, mortifies us deeply and we are moved to make up to them by extra kindness for what they have suffered, so proving that while some white men are snobs, bullies and oppressors, there are others who know the meaning of chivalry and possess the spirit of brotherhood: As students of human life we are well aware of the gravity of race problems and the soreness of race animosities all over the world; we know how hard it is for men of different blood to dwell together in harmony especially where one race claims superiority to another and we are proud to have a part in a movement that is notably successful in solving that vexed problem and can show scores of locations where, through its influ¬ ence black men and white are dwelling side by side in peace and working together in harmonious co-operation. We follow the Master whose heart was ever with the lowly and the oppressed. He identified himself with them, was their friend, their cham¬ pion, their brother. We are eager to stand beside Him and to deal as He would deal with “these His brethren, even these least.” 46 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION How We Serve Our instruments of serv¬ ice are two—the Church and the School. We aim trained social workers and equipment, that each may be¬ come for its own neighborhood a center of helpful influences. And we seek for our schools the spirit of churches, a reverent sense of the pres¬ ence of God in human life. While unsectarian they are deeply Christian. At the same time they are genuine schools -—admit no shabby work, in¬ sist upon high standards of scholarship in both teacher and pupil, aim at symmetrical manhood, training head, heart and hands together. To the development of the intellect they add the discipline of self-reliance, sincerity, industry, patriotism, reverence and fitness for life. These schools are social settlements where the .pupils gain quite as much by the personal influence of their teachers as by direct instruction. Raw Material A Teacher of Teachers and a Leader of Leaders Everywhere and above all the Association schools endeavor to de¬ velop and to train for their task men and women who are to stand at the head and to lead the onward and upward march of their peoples. Its graduates are everywhere to be found among the foremost men of the races whom it serves. A Great Peacemaker At the forefront in these troubled times, facing a race antagonism of intense bitterness, with frequent ominous outbreaks of mob violence—a THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 47 situation becoming daily graver and more tense—it stands as the age¬ long friend of the lowly and oppressed. Over against hatred, contempt, injustice, brutality and cruelty of the day it sets the religion of Jesus Christ with love at its heart,—a religion which inevitably makes for tho highest moral standards; for justice, fair play, sympathy, brotherly kindness, forbearance and chivalry. The communities in which our schools and churches stand are every¬ where distinguished for morality, prosperity, high standards of living and for self-respect which wins the respect of others. In almost every case they are marked by kindly, neighborly relations between the races. A Resume of the Work 1. The Negroes Churches.—The Associa¬ tion has 156 colored churches scattered through twelve southern states with a mem¬ bership of about 12,000. Many of these are, of course, small, but as a group they are thrifty and prosperous. They are growing steadily and through recent years have been mak¬ ing notable progress in their interest in the wider concerns of the Kingdom. They have generally accepted and faith¬ fully carried out the Tercen¬ tenary Program. They have had a distinguished part in the Congregational World Move¬ ment, being among the first to go over the top and have greatly exceeded their ap¬ pointed quota of contributions. A considerable number of these churches are already self-supporting and others are hoping to reach the goal of self-support within a few years. They are supporting one of their own men as a for¬ eign missionary to Angola, Africa, under the Ameri¬ can Board. Several of them are carrying out interesting programs of religious educa¬ tion and social service. Their ministers are men of high moral character of good intellectual equipment and genuine spiritual power; men who almost invariably hold Product 48 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION positions of influence and leadership in the communities where they are at work, which is out of all proportion to the numerical size of their con¬ gregations. Our Churches perform a greater ministry than that of serving their own congregations—they help the whole race by setting higher ethi¬ cal and spiritual standards. Educational Work The Association at the present time sustains four colleges: Talla¬ dega, Alabama; Tougaloo, Mississippi; Straight, New Orleans; and Tillotson, Texas. It has also an important part in the support of Fisk University, at Nashville. (It was the founder of Hampton Institute and Atlanta Seminary, which have long since become independent.) It conducts a Theological Department at Talladega Col¬ lege and has a share in the School of Theology at Howard Univer¬ sity, Washington. It has twenty-one secondary schools for Negroes scattered through ten southern states. These, besides the usual high school courses, give special, nor¬ mal, industrial and agricultural training. It has at present only five elementary and affiliated schools although most of the secondary schools have elementary depart¬ ments, it being the settled policy of the Association, so far as possible, to give over the task of elementary teaching to the public school system of the South and to devote itself to teacher-training and to the fitting of selected young people for race leadership. In these thirty-three schools the Association has about five hundred teachers and ten thousand pupils. Our schools maintain a high standard of excellence, employ the same text books, are graded according to the same system that prevails in the best northern schools. No teachers are engaged, save in industrial departments, except college and normal school graduates and those who to careful training add the spirit and zeal of Christian missionaries. Recognizing the fact that the majority of/their pupils will have a part in the work-a-day world, they place great emphasis upon industrial and agricultural training. They are, however, “open at the top” and for the exceptional youth they offer the higher education which opens the way to a larger leadership among their people. Such Schools Still Needed There has been a disposition on the part of some to say that the South is growing richer, and the public schools ought to meet this problem of education of the negroes. It is true there is a growing sense of respon¬ sibility on the part of some of the more advanced thinkers but how THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 49 they actually meet it, is vividly shown by the following figures giving the annual expenditure per capita for public school expenses: Colored 'pupils White pupils North Carolina . . $ 1.09 $10.70 Alabama . . 1.47 9.00 Mississippi . . 1.53 8.20 Louisiana . . 1.81 T6.44 Georgia . . 2.08 10.09 Florida . . 2.37 15.10 South Carolina . . 2.66 7.38 Virginia . . 3.20 11.47 Arkansas . . 3.74 8.15 Tennessee . . 4.58 8.70 Delaware . . 5.23 11.53 Maryland . . 7.04 14.63 Texas . . 7.50 10.89 Kentucky . . 8.91 10.30 West Virginia. . 10.38 10.94 Oklahoma . . 11.16 14.33 Missouri . . 12.13 14.80 District of Columbia . . 32.00 33.00 In most of the country dis¬ tricts there are still no public schools above the fifth grade and in most of the cities there are no high schools above the eighth grade for Negroes. It is well for us to pause and ask what would become of our civilization if there were no better school advan¬ tages for the children of the Anglo-Saxon, the children of the Italians, the Polish, the Bo¬ hemian, etc., etc., than are pro¬ vided for the coming citizens of this race? If we believe that education is the antidote for Laundry at Lincoln Normal School, Marion, Ala. Type of new bu'Iding—simple, inexpen¬ sive, serviceable, with lines of real beauty anarchy, crime, pauperism and even disease, what logic perverts the human mind of some who say that this is not the way for the twelve million colored in our midst? Although the more elementary" education is in some places and will in more places be taken care of by the state, there is no hope that the higher education will be undertaken by those states for many years. Without the generosity of the northern people there could have been no Hampton, no Tuskegee, no Talladega, no Straight and no Fisk. All of these institutions if dependent for support upon their immediate neighbors, would soon become only piles of brick and mortar. This may not and we fondly hope will not be so twenty-five years from now, but no one can doubt that it is so at the present time. 50 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION Congregationalists who have stood in the very forefront of this splendid work, have the task still on their hands and dare not withdraw. It cost our fathers much sacrifice to plant these schools, it will not cost their sons in these bountiful days one-half that sacrifice to give them a more abounding life. The Present Crisis The American Missionary Association is confronted with the most challenging hour since its birth. We witness the recrudescence of race prejudice, race hatred and race discrimination in its most passionate forms. There can be no doubt that the Association’s program of Chris¬ tian education is the one adequate remedy for such evils. We believe that the only way out is to fit the Negro for citizenship; for a citizen of ►our Republic he is and will be for many years to come. We must live with him and he must be fitted to live with us. The difficulties he presents to the nation are those born of immaturity and ignorance. These we must remove or our democracy is doomed. 2. The American Indians The Indian has made an especial appeal to the Christian churches both on account of his needs and on account of his wrongs. Dis¬ possessed by the white man, crowded ever westward, driven from good lands to bad, segregated in far off and inaccessible regions, the Indian has rarely had access to, or, what is more important, evidences of those Christian influences which could have made him new. The Indian is not a vanishing race today contrary to popular ideas. It is probable that there are as many Indians in America today as there have ever been. The latest estimate gives their number as 333,700; these are scattered all over the United States. While it is true that, in some of the very lands into which he was crowded because they appeared worthless, oil has been discovered which has enriched him so that he is riding around in fine automobiles, yet for the most part these people are still located where neither Indian nor white man can make a living. The call of justice has been long and loud for restitution to the Indian of an equivalent for what he has suffered at the hands of his white neighbors, and no small effort has been made in his behalf by Christians and philanthropists, yet we cannot on the whole, look back with pride upon our four hundred years of contact with him. The white man’s whiskey and the white man’s vices have been fatal enough, but the white man’s indifference has been equally bad. We have taught barely 75,000 to read and write and less than 100,000 can speak the English language. Less than one-fourth of them are citizens of the Republic and fully one-third remain in the utter darkness of paganism. To the churches, however, the fact that only 40,000 of them are Christians and only half of these of the Protestant faith is condemnation sufficient. Here as elsewhere the Congregationalists were first in service. The very earliest missionary work of our denomination began with them. It was no small venture when John Eliot started out from Roxbury THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 51 to carry the Word of God to the Indian. In 1660 he printed the first Indian Bible and opened their eyes to the Way of Life. The American Missionary Association began its work among the Chippewa tribe in 1847. In 1882 it took over from the American Board all the Indian work of the Congregational Churches. We are supporting at present the Santee Normal Training School made sacred by the three generations of service invested by the Riggs’ family, and the school at Fort Berthold with 250 pupils in both. We have 27 churches and 16 out stations with 1,476 church members. These are located on the Santee, Rosebud, Cheyenne River, Standing Rock, Fort Berthold, Crow Reservations in Nebraska, the Dakotas and Montana and all the Likely and Fort Bidwell Reservations in California. And here too we must do more than we have done. These souls, these growing youths, who will soon become leaders, are entrusted to our care, a charge so great demands of us large investments in better equipment and better paid teachers. Several of our school houses must soon be rebuilt or abandoned. 3. Our Oriental Neighbors Second only to the Negro question in vital interest comes that of the Oriental bearing as it does upon the relations between our nation and the nearest neighbor on the west. Here too the un-Christian forces are persistent and loud. On top of all the discrimination heaped up against the proud Oriental, California now plans a law which shall forbid alien Japanese from owning or even leasing lands in that state; at the same time he is soundly abused because he will not become an American citizen! If the Japanese is to believe in Christianity or that this is a Christian nation, it will be because the Christian missions have served him with arguments that drown commercial, industrial and legislative discriminations. These discriminations are made in the face of the fact that the Oriental has never yet been convicted of any crimes against our nation. The dynamite laid under the Times Building of Los Angeles left no trail that led to those who came over the Pacific but to those who crossed the Atlantic. It is significant that no suspicion for com¬ plicity in planting the deadly Wall Street bomb has fallen upon either the “Darkwaters” of Harlem or the Yellow quarters of lower Manhattan. The Numbers While there were in 1910, 71,531 Chinese and 72,157 Japanese in the United States, the Chinese have rapidly decreased, but there were in 1916 a little over 100,000 Japanese besides the 97,000 in Hawaii alone. In a recent document sent to Secretary of State Colby by the Governor of California we learn that the Japanese have increased in California alone from 41,356 in 1910 to 87,279 in 1920. The Japanese births in 1910 were 719 and in 1920 were 4,378 or 28,037 in the ten year period. They occupy 623,752 of the farm acreage. The acreage held by the Japanese increased 412% in ten years while the value of the crops raised by the Japanese increased 976% in the same period. 52 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION The Work in Hand The American Missionary Association opened its first mission to the Orientals in 1852. Some of the finest achievements in the training of the Christian character and the preparation of missionaries who have gone back to their own people are products of the last seventy years of service. No one can measure what has been accomplished and no one can understand the challenge of this problem who has not seen it face to face on the coast and in Hawaii. Nor can anyone measure the influ¬ ence of these Christian missions upon the increasingly delicate rela¬ tions between the Oriental and the American or upon the future of Christian missions in the Oriental homeland. In Oakland and in Los Angeles the Oriental missions are housed in stores and lofts over stores, amid conditions most unattractive and unsanitary. Night schools crowded with Oriental children; Sabbath services every inch occupied by Oriental adults; all eager for American¬ ization—this is the challenge to our Christian churches. The Oriental is * specially alive to an intelligent propaganda through Christian literature. The Japanese Mission, under the control of the Presbyterians and Congregationalists in Los Angeles must secure a new building or the mission will fail. Pastors’ salaries must be raised or they cannot live. Utah has one mission to 8,000 Orientals, covering the entire Utah and Idaho Basin. 4. Our Mexican Neighbors in America Numbers From a recent statement issued by the Interchurch Survev we are told that there are in the United States not less than 1,500,000 Mexi¬ cans—Texas has 450,000, New Mexico has 250,000 or 60% of her total population; Arizona, 100,000. They come to us afflicted with much poverty—when they cross the border from Mexico into America they come as the Negroes came from slavery into freedom—with little more than what they have in their hands. In Los Angeles 23% of those who apply for relief to the County Charities are Mexicans—one-twentieth of the population furnishes one-fourth of the poverty cases. In this respect they are radically different from the Orientals. A study of the Mexicans in Los Angeles “revealed that 55% of the men and 74% of the women could not speak the English language and 67% of the men and 84% of the women could not read English, and 75% of the men and 85% of the women could not write English. More than 60% of the families studied had been in Los Angeles more than three years.” Condition They come with their whole attitude of mind perverted and even dwarfed by the degenerate form of Catholicism which prevails through¬ out Mexico. The padre stands between them and progress, education, intelligent Christianization and even Americanization. Poverty ignorance, superstition are their constant companions. These thoroughly unfit them for intelligent citizenship which the future of America demands. THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 53 Our Schools The Congregational church is represented here by the Association in four village schools doing heroic work in villages often far removed from railroad or store and sometimes with hardly a Protestant family in reach with the bitterest opposition by the Roman priest. The Rio Grande school in Albuquerque has been our most impor¬ tant school but it was closed last year for lack of money. It is now being reopened with large promise for the future. Here splendid work is being done for the boys not only in common school branches but in agriculture, carpentry, brick work and good dairy methods and the girls are being prepared for those domestic duties which every Mexican woman must learn but of which they actually know but little. Of these Mexican schools says the Interchurch Survey under the personal work of Mr. Stowell: “In most communities where they have been established they have been the one real Americanizing factor in the community. Few home missionaries have demonstrated more valiant self-sacrifice or rendered more efficient service to the country and to the church than have the teachers in our Spanish-American mission day schools, and there is perhaps not a single one of these schools in existence today which is not rendering a much needed and most important service.” 5. Porto Rican Missions The far eastern end of Porto Rico, with a population of 100,000, has been given over to the American Missionary Association. Most Porto Ricans live in miserable one-room thatched huts and deplorable poverty. The first census taken showed that 83 per cent, of the population was illiterate. It has 330 inhabitants to the square mile, making it one of the most densely populated regions of the world. We have in our Porto Rican parish eleven churches with a membership totalling 800. These are served by three American missionaries and fifteen native helpers. We have Blanche Kel¬ logg Institute, an attractive boarding school for girls. Students at Blanche Kellogg Institute The Ryder Memorial Hospital at Humacao is rendering a unique and greatly needed service among the common people, who, in their deep poverty, without sense of sanitation, ignorant of the laws of health, are subject to all kinds of diseases. A large wing is about to be erected by the gifts of the women of Ohio. The cost of maintenance and scien¬ tific equipment is the imperative demand for the coming year. The high expense of living has affected Porto Rico more seriously than almost any part of the mainland. Salaries of teachers and pastors must be increased or they cannot be sustained. 54 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 6. The Mormons Mormonism is not dead—in fact it is more alive today than ever even if in a modified form. They may or may not have abandoned polygamy—they have not abandoned the belief that the Mormon church and faith are greater than the nation. They are today pushing their missionaries into every part of the world. Boston last summer was thoroughly canvassed by both women and men. The recent high price of sugar has added many millions more to the Mormon church’s already huge resources for propaganda. With the power of money and with the power of centralized authority their ambition knows no limit. Their power is not limited to Utah but they now control the balance of power in Idaho and Arizona. Only two senators voted against Senator Smoot some years ago and one of those lost his seat at the next election. The power of the President is not through the church alone but he is the autocratic head of most of the great commercial and industrial organi¬ zations in Utah. It is estimated that they have in the field 2,000 mis¬ sionaries. In the Salt River Valley, Arizona, there are 40 Mormon missionaries and they are about to build there a $600,000 Temple. They increased their missionaries in California from 43 to 136 in six months. They have 10 missionaries in El Paso to work among the Mexicans, while the Congregationalists have one or at most two. The public school system of Utah has been much improved, but they are still in control of the church and are used in many places as centers of missionary work upon Gentile as well as Mormon children. The only means of counteracting this evil and creating intelligent leaders, is through better and more Christian schools. Speaking of these the Independent says that two-thirds of the ex-Mormons of our churches were first reached by the mission schools. We have two now upon which we concentrate our service—Provo and Vernal. The last ought to be developed at great expense for it is in the center of and is the only influence of its kind in a vast inland empire growing in population and wealth. It would be most interesting here to give a list of the best leaders who have graduated from our schools. Boys’ Dormitory, Saluda, N. C. THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 55 7. The Highlanders For many years the Association has been carrying on a most suc¬ cessful work among the mountain dwellers of Tennessee, Kentucky and North Carolina. The people that gave Abraham Lincoln to the world have continued to furnish much strength to American life. Out from the mountains have come not a few of our strongest men and women, who have become teachers, pastors, and leaders in thought and activity in many parts of our land. In fact the schools have mined out of the moun¬ tains much of their richest human treasure. It is doubtful if any work we have done in the mainland has brought larger returns than that which we have done among this neglected people. The situation laid bare by jthe government at the time of the survey and draft, showed alarm¬ ing illiteracy among the boys of this region. And yet facing that we had to withdraw from Grandview for lack of funds—a school which for many year has done valiant service. But we propose to concentrate and enlarge Pleasant Hill making it the one great school for all that vast region. A legacy of about $40,000 will be used according to the term of the bequest to build a school for the manual training of these High¬ lands boys and girls. This will be done immediately, at the same time the other buildings require exten¬ sive and costly repairs if they are to be made fit for use. Their pres¬ ent condition is a disgrace to the Association. The sum we could well use for Pleasant Hill alone is too staggering to be mentioned here. But Pleasant Hill must be devel¬ oped for those boys and girls or we must abandon any further pretence of educational work in their midst. The needs of Piedmont College have been well heralded by its enter¬ prising leaders but their importance cannot be exaggerated. Its students are of the highest character and ability. They are sent forth equipped with fine Christian character and training for service. There can be no doubt that those who are interested in giving the higher education to the white youth of America, may well pause to ask if Piedmont ought not to have thousands when our other already highly endowed northern Universities are receiving their millions. It is just now facing a serious crisis. 8. Our Hawaiian Board Co-Workers The Hawaiian Islands have just celebrated the one hundredth an¬ niversary of the coming of the first missionaries, who left Boston in October, 1819, and landed in Hawaii in April 1820. These hundred years have been full of miraculous missionary fruitage. After the American Board had ceased its work there, it was taken over by the Hawaiian 56 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION Board and later connected with the mainland churches through The American Missionary Association. The problem confronting the Hawaiian Board is one of the most in¬ teresting and challenging that is to be found under the flag. The whole situation has changed within the last few years, because of the slow dying out of the Hawaiian race and the incoming of the Orientals. There are today in the Islands 5,000 Koreans, 20,000 Filipinos, 22,000 Chinese, and 110,000 Japanese. The Hawaiian Board is attacking this problem of the foreigner with the utmost energy. The question of the Christianization and Americanization of these Orientals is one in which the mainland is tremendously concerned. Inside of twenty years enough Japanese have been born under the flag to control the vote of the Islands. Will this vote be Buddhist and therefore Japanese, or will it be Christian and therefore i^nerican? The Buddhist have seventy-eight temples in the Islands, thoroughly manned with Buddhist priests and Buddhist teachers imported from Japan. Over against this Japanizing influence is placed the public school and the Christian churches. The coming generation of voters must be reached now, or it will be too late. The American Missionary Association is rep¬ resented in this field by an annual grant of $4,000. This sum should be very largely increased, that we may save this strategic center for Chris¬ tianity and America. OUR BUDGET The budget last year—1919-1920 was based on an income from the churches and individuals through the apportionment of $180,000. The success of the Congregational World Movement of last year has given us good hope that at the very least we shall be able to add to our budget for the coming year $165,220 more. What the Movement of this past year will enable us to do is graphically shown by the comparison of the two budgets. 1919-1920 1920-1921 Southern Schools .$220,971.00 Negro Churches. 34,000.00 General Field Account. 38,135.00 Porto Rico. 21,760.00 Indian Missions. 31,391.00 Oriental Missions . 16,250.00 Mexican, etc. 23,958.00 Hawaii. 4,000.00 $325,705.00 43,000.00 64.000.00 30,300.00 37,521.00 23,000.00 33,681.00 6,500.00 Only $6,000 has been added to the administration expenses so that practically all of the current net income from the Congregational World Movement has gone into the field. It is impossible to say how many schools and missions we would have been compelled to close this current year had it not been for this promised increase in income—it would have been a staggering and irreparable blow to the splendid investment of our fathers. THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 57 As it was we found our budget as planned exceeded our expected in¬ come so far that the Executive Committee felt it necessary to pass a vote definitely suspending three schools—Emerson in Mobile, Gregory in Wil¬ mington and Chandler in Lexington. Each of these three centers, however, feeling that its school was indispensable began immediately a campaign for raising the needed funds among both colored and white citizens. The continuance of the schools is therefore now assured; but the buildings at both Gregory and Emerson were in such a condition that we shall be forced to increase our budget by several thousands in order to honor the sacrifice of these citizens who have thus challenged us. The one important thing the Congregational World Movement has enabled us to do is to add about $100,000 to the salaries of the teachers, making the minimum salary now $400 instead of $300 with room and board and travel. This item not only represents tardy justice performed, but it has meant the securing a supply of teachers, without whom the schools could no have been opened at all. This we have done with the money entrusted to us. Now what can we do with the full amount which we shall receive if this year’s five million fund is secured? The share of the A. M. A. in that event will be $625,000 or $280,000 more than we have budgeted this year. With this $280,000 we can do the following needed things—selected from a multitude of pressing necessities: Extra travel expense for teachers, $10,000 This we must provide in any case, even if we are compelled to with¬ draw from other fields. The recent increase in railroad and Pullman rates will cost us not less and probably more than this full amount. Expenses of the Congregational World Movement at 4%, $25,000 Here is another imperative item of expense. If we did not make the campaign together we should be compelled to do it separately at much greater cost. This amount includes printing. Added building repair account $50,000 The outworn and sometimes shabby condition of our buildings is frequently criticised. We plead guilty but the work has been so pressing that we have preferred to let buildings wait rather than close them entirely to waiting boys and girls. Such a policy has its limit and that limit has been reached. Our architect tells us that there are at least 17 plants which, unless radically repaired or rebuilt, will automatically close within the next decade. Building of Old Type Almost beyond repair. Must soon be replaced 58 THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION Increased salary of teachers, $40,000 There can be no doubt that we shall be compelled to make further increases in the salaries to meet the rising cost of living. But further there are many important positions which must be filled and which de¬ mand ability that can be commanded only by offering better wages—such as instructors in Manual Training, Domestic Science and Agriculture. Each year of our work lifts the standard of desire a little higher—we should be untrue to the very logic of our investment if we did not meet that desire for better things. Increase for Colored Churches, $10,000 No group of our Congregational churches North or South showed such a spirit of co-operation and loyalty as did the colored churches of the South in the last Congregational World Movement campaign—they were the first to go over their quotas. Their pastors, a group of superior men are paid unlivable salaries. They must have more. The churches also need better equipment, but the above amount should be spent in the salaries of pastors alone. Pleasant Hill Academy, $25,000 A legacy given for that field makes it possible for us to go forward and make Pleasant Hill a real school. But this $40,000 must be supple¬ mented by other monies. This amount put into new buildings will make the start toward a well-defined plan for the larger and better Pleasant Hill. Troy Academy, $10,000 We can fulfill our obligation for the completion of the building at Troy. This must go on to meet half way the splendid loyalty of the people there. Le Moyne Institute, Memphis, Tenn. A crowded unfinished building that cries out for completion Le Moyne Institute at Mem¬ phis, $24,000 Here is a young normal school —young not in point of numbers, for it outnumbers many colleges, but young in point of years. Three to four hundred students crowded into the basement of an unfinished building—it has been waiting ever since “befo’ de war.” We are pledged to its completion. Less than this amount will not do —they must have it all or none. Will they get it? THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION 59 Greenwood Hospital and Nurses’ Training School, $25,000 To this we are also pledged by a promise to give this amount if the citizens would raise their part. There is no social need quite so great among the colored people as the hospital and more trained nurses. Our nurses trained at Talladega are in demand everywhere. To send out to hundreds of the homes of this race trained Christian girls is a work that ought to challenge the enthusiasm of every man and woman. No one can measure the good which this one school will do. Ryder Memorial Hospital—Dispensary, $10,000 Ryder Memorial Hospital—Kitchen and Laundry, $10,000 Surely no hospital and no physician supported by our denomination are doing more heroic work under more adverse conditions than Dr. Schurter and the Ryder Memorial. He rightly feels that he cannot go on longer without more adequate equipment than he now has. We nearly lost his invaluable services this year. This is not to build larger quarters but practically to build what now does not exist at all. Blanche Kellogg Institute, Porto Rico—plumbing and bath, $1,000 It is enough to point out that this school with a larger enrollment of fine girls than ever is now equipped with only out buildings and no bathroom. Indian Work, $10,000 Our Indian work has reached a real crisis not only in Santee but in other places as well. Very definite physical needs must be met—they have been postponed to the last hour. Mormon Work, $5,000 As stated above the Mormon work has not reached the place where it can be abandoned if we have the true missionary spirit. This sum is the merest beginning of what should be done in Vernal alone. Rio Grande Institute, $5,000 Rio Grande is open. This key to the work among the 1,700,000 peo¬ ple must go on. It must go on in a larger way to meet the growing needs for education among this gradually enlightened mass of American citizens. Oriental Work, $5,000 If we are to meet the needs of this Oriental population, there will be new and large demands for new buidings—this sum will enable us to help CO THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION one of the 28 missions to decent quarters this year—next year there will be another. Dorchester Academy, $15,000 Dorchester occupies one of the most unique fields in the south. Here at least we can be judged guiltless of overlapping any other work. Not another good school in all that vast district. Three hundred boys and girls trudging from one to twenty miles each day to school. A dormitory for the boys is imperative. It has a new leadership with a new vision— it needs new buildings. The American Missionary Association here rests its case before the sons and daughters of the men and women who by heroic sacrifice founded the Association and made possible its seventy-four years of splendid service. “Every Americanizing Organization needs to get to work.”— New York Tribune. We plead guilty to being an ‘‘Americanizing or¬ ganization.” We further plead guilty to being a Christianizing organiza¬ tion. Will you help? Porch of Ryder Memorial Hospital, Humacao, Porto Rico UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LiS^nr JAN 8 - 1321 MINISTERIAL RELIEF 61 The Congregational Board of Ministerial Relief The Specific Work of this Board is to aid Congregational Min¬ isters, infirm and retired; widows of ministers not able to care for them¬ selves; and the orphaned children of ministers, where the children are too young to provide for themselves, have no relatives who can provide for them; but especially aged maiden daughters of ministers, infirm and without suitable support. There are Fourteen State Relief Societies, also engaged in this specific task within those states and a part of this program. The Annuity Fund, which receives the income of The Pilgrim Memorial Fund, does not provide for those who are now sixty-five years of age or over, or who are already incapacitated. Its work is to provide for the old age or disability of the ministers who become mem¬ bers of the Fund, and for their widows. In the Annuity Fund, the members must contribute their part of the cost. The Boards of Relief do not require those who receive their grants to pay any part of the cost. The grants are based upon the period and nature of the ministers’ services in the Congregational Churches. Need must always be taken into consideration. They am made as generous as the resources of the Boards will warrant. In 1919 The National Board received, in round numbers, from the Churches through the apportionment and from individuals and affiliated organizations, $63,000. When the income from endowments was added to this sum, the Board was able to pay to its grantees over $85,000, to State Societies over $16,000. The State Societies made grants above $44,000. State and National Societies granted to 596 families, representing at least 1,000 dependent persons, over $129,000, in 1919. The Congregational World Movement Budget for 1921 carries for Ministerial Relief $100,000. This is for National and State Relief, as against a budget of $40,000, under the old apportionment. 62 MINISTERIAL RELIEF ANNUITY FUND This Appeal Is Urgent 1. The number needing assistance persistently increases. One thou¬ sand in 1919, certainly not less than twelve hundred in 1920. Not less but more in 1921. 2. These times of high prices and almost prohibitive wages for all forms of service, bring special burdens to the aged and infirm, requiring the care of others. 3. The grants for 1919 averaged about $215 per family. • They must be increased. Failure to Secure the Full Budget of $100,000 Would Be a Calamity With this full sum available, it will be possible, with the added resources of income from endowments, to do better by the veterans in 921 than ever before. But even then on the basis of 1200 grantees the average would be only about $250 to each family. Can the Church be satisfied with this? Is this a fair return for an average service of thirty years on a non¬ living wage? Is not the honor of the Churches involved in the appeal for their aged and retired pastors? Can we expect God’s blessing upon our work, if we neglect our workers? The Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers Adequate Annuities for the Veterans The Pilgrim Memorial Fund having been generously subscribed, the Trustees of the Annuity Fund for Congregational Ministers ask for $100,000 To be used for the older men. Why? 1. Because the entire net income of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund must be limited in its distribution as credit toward providing old age annuities to all members of The Annuity Fund. To divert it from the main objec¬ tive in favor of the older men would leave the problem of protecting the minister’s old age still unsolved. 2. Because the provision of an adequate annuity requires payments over a series of years and those honored servants of our churches who are now nearing sixty-five years of age will not be able to make the requisite ANNUITY FUND 63 accumulation in the comparatively short period remaining for their pay¬ ments. Nevertheless, there are approximately 1,350 ministers of Congrega¬ tional Churches who are between fifty-five and sixty-five years of age. The average salary of Congregational pastors in the United States is $1,431. By reference to page 11 it will be seen that 93 per cent of all our ministers are receiving less than $3,000 a year and 82 per cent are receiv¬ ing less than $2,000 a year, and have been able to make almost no saving for their old age. They have given their whole service to their country and their church. It is not the fault of these 1,350 men that they are now approaching the end of their years of ministry. It is not their fault that they have not sufficient time to accumulate a sum to their credit sufficient to purchase a reasonable annuity. It is not the fault of the provision of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund and the Trustees of the Annuity Fund, who must apportion benefits according to the actuarial tables of safety, that they cannot provide, under the Expanded Plan, from the income of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund, the min¬ imum annuity of $500 for these older men. Actuarial tables prove that it requires $4,464.30 placed to the credit of a minister at the age of sixty-five to provide an annuity of $500. Accrued Liabilities If the “accrued liabilities” which would have to be met, if the full annuity of one-half the average salary in each case were to be provided, the amount involved would be vastly greater than the Pilgrim Memorial Fund. What Can This $100,000 Annually Accomplish for the Older Men? The judicious distribution of this modest sum of $100,000 annually supplementing the payments by the ministers and their churches, while not meeting these “accrued liabilities” in full, would enable the Trustees to supplement the annuities of the older men so that they would be reasonably adequate allowances and would be approximately commen¬ surate with what would have come to them if the plan had been in¬ augurated years ago. In short, this $100,000 if given by the Congregational Churches as a part of their benevolences for the year 1921 could be freely and generously used for the special benefit of the older ministers of our churches, while the income of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund continues to be applied in accordance with the vital principle of providing adequate annuities through payments covering a longer period of time. 64 MINISTERIAL PENSIONS AND RECRUITS Ml HelpPerpetuafe the Ministry Helping the med Minister OD’S great army of min¬ isters, missionaries, etc., must be continually re¬ plenished with new material. To the young man with minis¬ terial aspirations, whose life is yet before him, the vision of aged ministers who have passed their days of usefulness is a discouraging one. The suggestion of that “ill-matched pair—age and penury” paralyzes his ambition and too often he does not heed God’s call but turns to gainful occupations. The church cannot stand by and permit this impression to gather momentum. The young man must be assured of a brighter prospect for the future. Provide for Aged Ministers and this obstacle will be removed. The future will hold promise. The barrier will be raised. Recruits will not refuse the minis¬ try before they see the larger meaning of the Divine Call. From the Interchurch World Survey WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION 65 The Congregational Woman’s Home Missionary Federation THE CONGREGATIONAL WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION THROUGH State Unions, Association, Alliance or County Organizations and The Local Church PROMOTES Efficient Organization Mission Study Summer Conference Attendance Work for Young People and Children An intel I igent interest in and support of the workof the Home Societies WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION INTERDENOMINATIONAL BODY STATE ORGANIZATION NATIONAL DENOMINATIONAL BODY LOCAL GROUP THE CENTER OF ALL Efficient Organization is an essential element in effective service. Without such organization interest and devotion are powerless to produce great results. With such organization they may become irre¬ sistible factors in the accomplishment of great tasks. Congregational Women have a definite share in the imperative task of Christianizing America. To them the six Homeland Societies have committed certain portions of their work. For the support of these fields the women are alone responsible. Through their effort and initia¬ tive the funds needed for the maintenance of this work must be secured. The Congregational Woman’s Home Missionary Federation is the national body through which Congregational women are organized to meet efficiently this responsibility for making America a Christian land. 66 WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION The Federation The Congregational Woman’s Home Missionary Federation was organized in 1905 to meet two dis¬ tinct needs in our woman’s home missionary work. One need was for a central body through which Congregational women could share in the constantly enlarging group of interdenominational interests represented by the Council of Wom¬ en for Home Missions and kindred agencies. Only through the estab¬ lishment of a national society could such representation be secured. The other need was for a simi¬ lar body to make more effective the work of the various State Unions. Strong as the work of these Unions had always been, it was becoming increasingly appar¬ ent that their efficiency and effect¬ iveness could be made much greater through the establishment of a cen¬ tral agency which should link together common interests and secure active leadership in organi¬ zation and education. The aims of the Federation are the natural outcome of the reasons for its organization. Interdenomi- nationally it secures for Congrega¬ tional women adequate representa¬ tion in the interdenominational interests of today. Through the Federation also Congregational women are represented at the great Summer Conferences. Denomi¬ nationally the Federation gives standing to our woman’s home missionary work with the National Council and the National Home¬ land Societies. Working through its constituent State Unions, the Federation provides home mission programs and literature, promotes mission study classes and confer¬ ences, projects home mission cam¬ paigns and enterprises, and by these means develops in our women and young women an intelligent inter¬ est in and support of denomina-j tional responsibilities. The Unions Thirty-seven State Unions are united in the Congregational Wom¬ an’s Home Missionary Federa¬ tion. Each Union is responsible within its own territory for the carrying on of the woman’s home missionary work. Each Union therefore faces a twofold task. First, the education of its women, young people and children in our vital home missionary problems, and second, the meeting of its financial responsibilities. These financial responsibilities are clear and definite. The Home Missionary Unions have accepted the task of raising each year the funds needed to support assigned pieces of work under each homeland society. These fields are the spe¬ cial charge of the women. The money required for their mainte¬ nance passes through the treasuries of the Unions to the treasuries of the national societies. Upon this money the societies count for the prosecution of their work. In so far as they fail to receive it the work is curtailed. Efficient organization is needed if tasks such as these are to be ac¬ complished. This organization in¬ volves a “Plan of Work” under which the Union knows the precise fields for the support of which its money goes. With these fields it establishes personal relationships that their needs may be clearly understood. Careful and effective organization of its State Board is developed that it may be in close touch with all phases of the work within its state. Active and ag¬ gressive leaders are found in local churches and associations, summer conference attendance is stimulated, young people’s work pushed, mis¬ sion study promoted, sacrificial giving urged that every woman in every church may recognize her fundamental responsibility for the Christianizing of America. WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION 67 Our New Budget Boys and Girls THE WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY UNIONS Share In the support of missionary pastors and Sunday School workers In the establishment of hospi¬ tals and social centers In the building of churches and parsonages In the maintenance of Christian education In the work of Ministerial Relief IN THE WHOLE TASK OF MAKING AMERICA A CHRISTIAN LAND The Woman’s Home Missionary Unions, because of the relationship which they sustain to our national homeland societies, participate in the new budget of the Congrega¬ tional World Movement. Of the $5,000,000 sought a definite por¬ tion has been assigned to the State Unions. This amount is $650,000 or 13% of our total goal. This sum is to be applied to the support of specified fields of work under each of the six homeland societies. THE RAISING OF THIS $650,000 IS PRIMARILY THE TASK OF THE WOMEN OF OUR CHURCHES. IF RAISED IT WILL ENSURE THE CON¬ TINUANCE OF WORK ESSEN¬ TIAL TO THE SAFETY OF AMERICA. IF UNRAISED, THIS WORK MUST BE ABAN¬ DONED. SHALL FIELDS SUCH AS THE FOLLOWING LOOK IN VAIN TO THE WOMEN OF OUR CHURCHES FOR HELP? i “we ain’t GOT NO SUNDAY SCHOOL” A western frontier town of two hundred inhabitants; a visitor from the East; two boys and a dog; a question and an answer—and the story is quickly told. The visitor and the boys soon became friendly and a request to use a kodak on them was readily granted. The picture was taken and a promise made to supply the lads with their photograph. Then the way was open to delve a little deeper into the little lives. Asked where they went to Sunday School the re¬ sponse was: “We ain’t got no Sun¬ day School to go to.” It sent a thrill of longing through the heart of the man from the East to help these lads and many others like them. There, a little distance from the spot where the three, plus the dog, were standing, was the vil¬ lage with its two hundred people; all around were the homesteads; the people were there; the boys and girls were ready for the touch of religion on their lives, but there was no Sunday School. Last year the Sunday School Extension Soci¬ ety established over eighty schools in just such communities, but thousands of others await our com¬ ing. Increased funds are necessary if they too are to be reached. 68 WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION A Mining Parish MULLAN,IDAHO A mining center; a constantly shifting population, indifferent to the church but welcoming the kind¬ ly, sympathetic interest of Christian workers; a splendid group of boys and girls and little children, ready for Cradle Rolls, and Sunday School, for clubs and classes, for Camp Fire Girls and Boy Scouts, for Christian Endeavor and all the other agencies through which young lives are trained for right living; a church, striving to serve the community and meet its spiritual needs—this is the field which our worker, Miss Lilie Dehuff, has served for five years in the Wallace- Mullan district in Idaho. Her in¬ fluence in the homes and among the young people is incalculable. Home Missionary Wives Home missionary salaries are being carefully considered today in connection with the home mis¬ sionary and his need for adequate support. They are less often thought of in connection with the home missionary’s wife! And yet it is this group of earnest, devoted women who bear the full brunt of the struggle against poverty and an insufficient income and who by their loyalty, courage and optimism make possible the splendid service of the home missionary himself. Nor do they render less efficient service themselves. In the home, the church and the community they give unsparingly of time and strength and power, exerting a spiritual influence that can hardly be overestimated. They, no less than their husbands, deserve the encouragement of receiving at least a living wage. Community Service MRS. LOUISE B. ESCH A splendid example of com¬ munity service is furnished by the work of Mrs. Louise B. Esch, pastor’s assistant at our home mis¬ sionary church at Mobridge, S. D. This community is a railroad cen¬ ter, with a population consisting largely of young married people. “There are more small children,” writes Mrs. Esch, “than I ever saw in a place of this size in all my life.” Nor are boys and girls and young people lacking. Out of all these elements Mrs. Esch is build¬ ing a splendidly strong church life, meeting social and religious needs alike, holding the interest and sympathy of the young mothers and serving in a true community way the interests of all. WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION 69 For Such As These BOYS FROM SCHOOL AT SEBOYETA . New Mexico—the land of bril¬ liant sunshine and darkest shadow! Ignorance, superstition, poverty and vice darken the lives and cloud the souls of the men and women, the young people and little chil¬ dren in these New Mexican villages of ours. Wholly unfit for citizen¬ ship, they are, nevertheless, an integral part of our national life. The village schools of our American Missionary Association, the Rio Grande Industrial School at Albu¬ querque, and the Protestant churches supported by our Home Missionary Society are the agencies through which the Congregation- alists of America are bringing light to this darkness and training the boys and girls who will soon be the men and women of the future. This work has always appealed with special force to the women of our churches. Our share in the increased funds asked for this work must be forthcoming. An Unescapable Responsibility The race problem in America today faces an acute crisis in its history. Only trained Christian leadership among our negro popu¬ lation will ensure its peaceful solu¬ tion. Mission schools are still the main agency through which this leadership is provided. As pio¬ neers in this work Congregationalists have an unescapable responsibility. Can such a responsibility be dis¬ charged when buildings are unfit and inadequate and the teaching force is constantly changing be¬ cause of low and insufficient sala¬ ries? Does not the gravity of the crisis demand the investment of sums sufficient to provide proper equipment and strong teachers? Christian patriotism will permit but one answer to these questions. A Mother’s Need LOVING—BUT IGNORANT A mother’s love is the same the world over. In Porto Rico, with thousands of its population living in miserable poverty, without de¬ cent homes or food or sanitary con¬ ditions, this mother-love sadly needs guidance and direction. The ignorance among the peon women of the island is appalling, the suf¬ fering which this ignorance entails is heartbreaking. Through our social service work and our Ryder Memorial Hospital we are seeking to eliminate this ignorance and relieve this suffering. Enlarged resources are imperative if the work is in any measure to meet the needs. 70 WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION An Imperative Necessity NEEDED AT ONCE—A PARSONAGE The caption of this picture states a fact, not a theory. Within a single month twenty-eight calls for. parsonage aid have been re¬ ceived by our Church Building Society. These calls total $38,075. Until these calls—and others like them—are answered, pastors and their families will endure not only discomfort but actual suffering. Living conditions for many have already become impossible. When this happens the working power of the pastor and his wife is reduced and their home ceases to be the spiritual factor in the life of the community that it ought to be. The great increase in the cost of building makes the problem of the Church Building Society a pecu¬ liarly difficult one. Recent calls for church and parsonage grants and loans amount to $385,875, a sum nearly equal to the society's entire share of our $5,000,000 bud¬ get. Unless these “homes" can be provided all our work is crippled. To such appeals for “homes" the women of our churches should respond with special sympathy and interest. Christian Education What of our Congregational young people? As they reach man¬ hood and womanhood are they to be controlled by Christian ideals, filled with the Christian spirit and ready for Christian service, or are they to be sadly untouched by such a vision and by such ideals? Our denominational answer to this ques¬ tion has been entrusted to our Congregational Education Society. If its program can be made strong and vital this fundamental denom¬ inational problem will have been largely solved. One point for which the Education Society is asking enlarged resources is its work at University Centers. Here hundreds of our Congregational young people are gathered, during the formative years of their lives, practically without spiritual leader¬ ship or guidance unless as a de¬ nomination we provide it. The response at points where such leadership has been given is signifi¬ cant of the importance of this field of work. Can we afford to neglect such an opportunity for reaching and inspiring our young people? Ministerial Relief The difficult and sad lives of many of our Congregational clergy¬ men who have given themselves to the task of bringing men to a knowl¬ edge of God and Christ and into true relations with their fellow men and who when old age or disable¬ ment has come upon them are com¬ pelled because of pinching poverty to suffer deprivation, certainly ap¬ peal to the women of our churches. Especially should their hearts be touched by the hardships which too often fall upon the widows of min¬ isters, both those who are aged and those who may be young and vigorous but who have children to support and educate. The Board of Ministerial Relief offers an opportunity to relieve such piti¬ ful situations and gives to us the privilege of honoring and caring for these servants of our Master. THE AMERICAN BOARD AND WOMAN’S BOARDS 71 The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions The Woman’s Boards The New Budget for 1921. 74 What $400,000 Increase Will Do. 76 The Near East. 79 Near Neighbors. 82 Africa. 86 India . 88 Japan. 93 China. 95 The Woman’s Board of Missions.104 The Woman’s Board of the Interior.Ill The Woman’s Board of the Pacific.116 Who Will Go? 119 72 THE AMERICAN BOARD The American Board’s World-Wide Work World Chaos Exalts Foreign Missions T HE widespread work of the American Board and of the three Woman’s Boards must have an increased budget for 1921. The Board trusts confidently in the loyalty of its living partners in the home churches and in the approval of its results and its policy by all Congre- gationalists. Its friends have revealed their determination to meet the proved and enlarging needs of this work. The Board’s expenses for the year just closed reached the great total of $1,909,000, an increase over 1919 of $375,000. This amount represents increased costs of the work rather than any expansion. No new fields were entered and many critical needs urged by the missionaries were declined. This hour of world chaos, of delayed peace, of wide sweeping disease, of spreading starvation, in part unnecessary, and of deep spiritual yearn¬ ing, underscores in blood red the need and opportunity of foreign missions. Our 800 missionaries in war time helped to mould the thought of nations and filled full the cup of their own devotion. Many laid down their lives in exalted heroism. Never was the missionary enterprise so highly re¬ garded, or so vitally needed, or so loyally supported by its Christian friends as today. Good Will to a Broken World Since the armistice, America has been prevented from revealing her full heart of sympathy and of good-will to the broken world. It is need¬ less to divide the blame or locate the fault, but most of us are convinced that we have not yet paid in full our living debt of prosperity, power and love to shattered nations. Your mission Boards furnish a chance for Christian people to throw their hearts wide open to meet starvation, disease and spiritual darkness. The world looks to us for moral leader¬ ship. It is conceivable that politically some may shrink from accepting new international obligations, but no true Christian would dream of with¬ drawing our missionary and philanthropic aid from these broken peoples now. If we are not true internationalists in purpose and in sympathy, then Christ failed to implant the ideal of Brotherhood in His church. Spiritually, we offer ourselves as world citizens, bond servants of Christ, to meet our share of the world’s needs. We cannot poke our heads in the sand, thinking to blot out the searing vision of suffering overseas. Nor can we listen to the voice crying, “Peace, peace, when there is no peace,” until we have answered the cry of God’s children. THE AMERICAN BOARD 73 SUCCESS BRINGS OPPORTUNITY The American Board is one of the greatest assets and obligations of the Congregational churches. It is the oldest and the strongest of our institutions. The marked success of its work places it high in affec¬ tion and loyalty upon the hearts of our church members. Founded in 1810 the first of all foreign mission boards in America, it has been the mother of a score of denominational societies, and its place of leadership has been preserved today. Congregationalists have always led the way as pioneers and our Board has had the honor of being on the firing line in many mission fields. Three Centennial celebrations have already been placed as mile stones in our history in India, Hawaii and Turkey. An Impressive Summary Under the American Board and the three Woman’s Boards, a mis¬ sionary staff of 724 aided by 90 term workers represent the churches as modern apostles carefully chosen and sent to our tasks, not theirs. From this year’s records, after discounting the uncertain conditions in the Near East, five thousand native helpers, trained, devoted, and effi¬ cient are the hope of the Kingdom in their fields. The organized churches number 604 and enroll nearly 76,000 members and a quarter of a million souls in this vast parish of ours. The 73,000 young people in the Bible Schools and the army of 58,620 pupils in schools and col¬ leges furnish our compelling chance to provide leadership for the com¬ ing generation. Every year the 70 hospitals and dispensaries give a thousand treatments each day, the world around, while industrial and agricultural schools achieve practical results that help to lift the living conditions of many districts. Business men are impressed by financial strength. The Board’s trust funds total over five million dollars today and a rough estimate of the present replacement value of all the lands, buildings, plant and equipment abroad would reach the impressive total of ten millions. All this multiplies the investment value of every dollar given to the work this year. Beyond this lies the deeper truth that spiritual results depend also upon foundations laid in past days. A rich investment of prayer and sacrifice waits for our building today. The Simple Test Let these old and new burdens be reckoned our rich spiritual privilege. Opposition has decreased. Results are coming in a multiplied ratio. No one can doubt the value of the work or the sure return for every sacrifice now made. No one could ask greater chances for ser¬ vice to the Kingdom of God on earth. If Paul could give thanks for an “open door” what shall we call these rich mines of Christian opportunity? No single circumstance is lacking to favor this missionary task. If we are Christ’s men and women today then will we do our utmost to prove that we are worthy of this world hour. And the test is both simple and per¬ sonal for our gifts will prove the desire to serve and the intent to share in these modern Acts of the Apostles. A new Bible is being written in the mission fields and many of its important chapters will depend on the answer made in 6,000 Congregational churches in 1921. 74 THE AMERICAN BOARD AMERICAN BOARD’S BUDGET FOR 1921 (Excluding Receipts from the Woman’s Boards) Cost of Missions, 1920 The Staff of Missionaries Salaries of 800 missionaries and term workers, children’s allowances, etc. Traveling expenses to and from fields, Allowances on furlough, children’s education, Pensions retired workers. $ 698,000 General Work Support of native workers, Aid to churches, colleges, schools, pupils, hospitals. 520,000 Total Cost of Missions. $1,218,000 Cost of Administration Salaries of officers and employees, rents and traveling expenses, Printing, publications, Missionary Herald, Agencies for stirring interest, including $36,000 underwrit¬ ing to Interchurch Movement, all paid. 178,000 Total Budget for 1920. 1,396,000 Increase Asked From the Churches in 1921 . 400,000 Total American Board Budget for 1921 . $1,796,000 (Including the Woman’s Boards) American Board Estimated income from legacies, conditional gifts, interest on funds, individual gifts, specials. 571,000 Expected gifts from churches. 1,225,000 Woman’s Boards Estimated income from fixed sources as above. 88,000 Expected gifts from churches and auxiliaries. 650,000 Grand Total Budget for Foreign Missions 1921 $2,537,000 The total of $1,875,000 needed from our 800,000 members is a per capita gift of $2.34 per year—Less than a cent a day for the Kingdom abroad. Is a carfare a week beyond our capacity? THE AMERICAN BOARD 75 THE NEW BUDGET IS EASILY POSSIBLE The budget outlined on the opposite page will support our present work without retrenchment or retreat. It will cover the increased cost of sustaining 800 missionaries, 6,000 native helpers, churches, schools and hospitals that comprise our work. It will not cover the opening of new fields, or the founding of new institutions, greatly as these are needed. It is not a reconstruction budget but a conservative statement of needs already existing. The special emergencies noted in last year’s list are unmet for the most part. A little more than one half of the amount asked for was sub¬ scribed. The huge deficit of $242,000 reported by the Board in closing its fiscal year represents a task undone and a privilege unmet by many of the churches. Two thousand churches saw their chance, told the story and met their share of the need loyally and successfully. Thanks to them, last year’s deficit is fully covered by subscriptions to the Congregational World Movement, payable through the coming months. Without the effort of those churches, the Board would be crippled for years to come. This is the work of the Congregational Churches. You own it and are supporting it. Without your gifts and the championship of the pastors, and the approval and support of laymen, it can not be con¬ tinued. The missionaries represent you along the wide front of 19 missions. This is our share of God’s Kingdom of righteousness as it seeks to uplift 75,000,000 souls—our total world-wide parish. But wait a moment, is it our work? Yes, but also it is Christ’s work. He made it possible. He out¬ lined the policy, started the organiza¬ tion and waits for our $1,909,000 success in His name. In this task, as fel¬ low workers with Him, we share the promises and the blessings as well as the sacrifices of Kingdom Builders. $625,833 $429,799 $83,019 1830 1860 1885 1910 1920 A Growing Budget Means Success and Great Achievements 76 THE AMERICAN BOARD WHAT THE INCREASE OF $400,000 FROM THE CHURCHES WILL DO. Meet rising costs of living and travel for our missionaries. $70,000 Send six new families above recent average to the most needy fields, including outfit, travel and salary. 15,000 Increase wages to several thousand faithful native helpers and add 25% to funds available for aid to churches, evangelism, schools, scholarships, colleges under pressure of war conditions. Living costs have increased over 100%. 69,000 Build additional houses for new missionaries now renting native buildings or unprovided for. 70,000 Reassume the support of seven hospitals in Turkey; The Near East Relief turns them back to us. 42,000 Meet special war costs in Anatolia College and New Inter¬ national. These two colleges have done a great work; bills must be met. 40,000 Do our share in Union Institutions like Peking University, Fukien University in Foochow, and Canton University. This represents past pledges which must be met. 50,000 Fulfill pledges for union literature work the world around and prove our intent to cooperate in every field. 14,000 Meet special emergencies including hospital and training of 20 new evangelists in Philippines, also immediate needs in Spain, Mexico, and Dr. Watson’s Hospital in Fen Chow, China. 20,000 Meet increased cost of administration including new secretary. .. 10,000 Total Increase Needed From Church Gifts.$400,000 This increase represents exactly 50 cents per year per mem¬ ber of our churches—less than one cent per week. The Woman’s Boards are in similar need of a large increase in their receipts, and a total of at least $225,000 more is sought from living donors. Their pages present the details of these needs. THE AMERICAN BOARD 77 Immediate Needs and Opportunities Finish This Job 1. First of all there is Dr. Percy Watson’s hospital in Fenchow, China. In his furlough year suffi¬ cient money was raised to meet the estimated cost of a new hos¬ pital. The story told by Dr. Wat¬ son was one of the most stirring in the Board’s history. For seven years he had worked in a small room with inadequate instruments, sometimes on a mud floor operating on a plain wooden table and with patients laid in nearby sheds in¬ stead of in some well equipped ward of a hospital. The hospital is almost com¬ pleted. It stands as a monument to the generous giving of hundreds of Sunday Schools and of many individuals but solely because of the drop in foreign exchange the money has given out. $10,000 must be received immediately to com¬ plete the roof and the interior of one wing, to put in a heating plant, the necessary plumbing, and the equipment of the hospital. The Sunday Schools have appealed for $5,000 more for this purpose. It is of course impossible to let a task remain half finished when the need is so pressing. Support These Seven Hospitals 2. In the Turkish Empire all of our hospitals were taken over by the Near East Relief when they began work. They furnished a million dollar’s worth of new equipment and supplies beside making many repairs and addi¬ tions to the hospitals as they stood. Now their work must be concen¬ trated on relief and the hospitals are being returned to the Amer¬ ican Board. It will be a real privi¬ lege to reassume their support. As a first step seven new doctors ought to be discovered, for the One- Man Hospital is passing away in missionary method. Two men must now be placed in every hos¬ pital if it is to reach modern effi¬ cient standards. Of this year’s budget $40,000 must go into this one need, but it involves the work and usefulness of seven hospitals. Forward March in Mindanao 3. The work in the Philippines has often been told to the churches. The Sunday Schools built a church there one year. We know this is the only mission under the Flag and our patriotism adds a new impulse in this one field. On the northern coast line of 1,000 miles no hospital exists. Today we are reaching the towns and vil¬ lages, are founding schools, have organized a training class for new workers, but the mission is unani¬ mous in asking that a hospital be founded at Cagayan. We need not less than $10,000 for this purpose. If you have heard Mr. Laubach’s story of the rich opportunities be¬ fore us in Mindanao, it needs no argument to be convinced that the investment must be made. Lift Up in Mexico 4. In Mexico five great coun¬ ties have been set aside as the American Board field. Coopera¬ tion and fair play exist among all Boards at work in the territory of this nearest neighbor. Schools are bringing real results. Now that Mexico seems to be given a new chance for peace and progress our work must be vigorously pressed. In no country are the values of missionary policy more evident. America owes an obligation to Mexico. In some way we must help our neighbor if she cannot help herself. The missionary, the village schools and academies, and the training of native Christian workers will do more than bat- 78 THE AMERICAN BOARD teries of guns or flying columns of troops across the border. We ought to add thousands of dollars to our budget this year for the work in Mexico if the increase asked from the churches can be assured. Strengthen India 5. In India the special appeals come principally from the educa¬ tional institutions. Madura Col¬ lege needs considerable sums for expansion and development. The Union Theological Training School in Pasumalai under Dr. Banninga and the Training and High Schools under Rev. John X. Miller, ought to be aided and strengthened. The Boarding Schools in all our mis¬ sions are being limited in useful¬ ness for lack of funds. Warnings have come from British School in¬ spectors that buildings must be repaired and equipment improved if government grants are to be con¬ tinued. The educational institu¬ tions of the Marathi Mission need strengthening, but most of these appeals cannot be answered unless the amount now in sight from the churches is greatly increased. Harvest in China 6. Paotingfu Station, in China, is one of our most pressing oppor¬ tunities. It asks for an increased evangelistic force and the employ¬ ment of more native f workers. Money ought to be found for such special chances.. Of course it is folly to maintain and develop a work for years and then when it prospers and offers unusual en¬ couragement to withhold our gifts. This is not expansion, it is only harvesting in fields that have been plowed and sown in years past. It is not forgotten that Paotingfu was the martyr station of the North China Mission in 1900, while today it has the most favorable outlook of any station in China. Provide for Our Workers 7. In many fields there are not houses enough for the missionaries. They have frequently doubled up by two families living in one house. Sometimes native quarters are rented but this year we must build several missionary resi¬ dences. In one mission field during the past year the lack of a suit¬ able house and property for the missionary in all human proba¬ bility cost us the life of one of the most promising mission workers. The request is for $70,000 to meet this need. 8. Certain salary increases have been asked for in fields where the increased cost of living has reached the point of desperation. A share of the appeal to the churches this year is in the name of these over¬ burdened workers who must first of all be supported in health and in efficiency. Uphold Team Play 9. The Board desires to co¬ operate with every union move¬ ment in our districts abroad. In three great universities in China, we share the support with several denominations. Not less than $50,000 must be invested in these “power houses” for the future. The training of leaders for the coming generation is one of the great achievements of educational mis¬ sions. 10. Plans have been wisely made for uniting the printing presses of all mission boards into one great campaign through Christian liter¬ ature the world around.. A portion of the expense falls to us, and $14,- 000 should be invested in this work, if the churches will give it. Otherwise we must confess that we share in these union movements only where it costs us little, bu f that when it involves increased giving we show ourselves the door. THE AMERICAN BOARD 79 TURKEY Congregational Churches Will Fulfill Prophecy “Between the Great River, the River Euphrates and the Sea at the Going Down of the Sun” Achievement HROUGH a century of inten¬ sive daring and consecrated effort the American Board has built into what was the old Turkish Em¬ pire institutions of religion, educa¬ tion and Christian civilization of surpassing significance. The Bible has been put into the languages spoken by all its varied peoples and a Christian literature created. Edu¬ cational plants of commanding- strength, and many of them of in¬ ternational repute, dot the country, and evangelical churches with in¬ fluential associations of trained leaders cover the entire land. Through periods of massacre and horror that have shocked the entire world, the missionaries, by remain¬ ing at their posts of privilege and duty, have mightily preached, often by their tragic death, the Gospel of renunciation and service. No other country in all the history of missions has been so completely occupied in the face of Moslem op¬ position and traditional fanaticism. Problems The present political uncertainty constitutes a temporary problem the solution of which does not rest with the American Board. Given a government that guarantees pro¬ tection of life and property, and that affords liberty of conscience and worship, and these fifteen mil¬ lion people of many races, tongues and religions will clamor for the best best we have of that which will save society as well as individuals. That day seems not far remote. The ne¬ cessity of training the men and women in and of the country for influential positions in church, so¬ ciety and state, and doing this in an atmosphere permeated by the spirit and devotion of the Christ will thrust itself upon us as a mighty but supremely rewarding task. How shall this be done and where? What shall be the attitude toward the Christian approach to Moslems in the face of the persecu¬ tions that inevitably will follow open profession of belief in Christ? What shall be the attitude to the Oriental churches? Shall we at- empt to divide them into two camps, the orthodox and the evan¬ gelicals, or shall we strive to get the churches themselves to adopt the Bible and the languages under¬ stood by the people, insist that their clergy shall be morally upright and educated, and that in their beauti¬ ful ritualistic service of the church there shall be a place for Christian instruction of the worshippers? Missionaries began in Turkey under instructions to aid the existing churches and they never were more needy or more ready than today. Physical reconstruction after all the horrors of the past few years will require time, patience and sac¬ rifice. Losses have been over¬ whelming throughout wide areas and the problem is to raise up from the wrecks of ruined homes and churches and schools and the de¬ pleted ranks of leaders new agen¬ cies that shall surpass those which were destroyed. Master builders must be secured with such breadth of vision and of soul that no task will seem insuperable. THE AMERICAN BOARD 80 Program 1. The houses in which our mis¬ sionaries live must be made sani¬ tarily safe so that their splendid courage and daring may not be de¬ stroyed by wasting disease or stalk¬ ing pestilence. 2. A new supply of missionary doctors and nurses must be sent to meet adequately the needs of the missionaries themselves, to provide modern medical facilities for all classes and conditions. This means manning the seven missionary hos¬ pitals now in the hands of the Near East Relief but soon to be returned to the Board. never more persistent or necessary. The schools must be continued. 6. Some 100,000 orphans, nearly one-half of whom are without any outside means of support, must be cared for and trained in a manner adequate to the country and the times. The Near East Relief is car¬ ing for these just now, but cannot be expected to continue as an educa¬ tional or a missionary organization. We as a mission Board must pre¬ pare to carry on the education of those who show capacity and worth. 7. The High Schools and Col¬ leges, in all the country, now in operation are crowded with eager Our Great Plant in Marsovan One of Seven Hospitals Now Returned to the Board by the Relief Commission 3. An annual subsidy must be paid to each of these hospitals for a few years until the people recover from the shock of the past five years. The entire country is desti¬ tute of modern medicinal and sani¬ tary facilities. 4. A large number of native pas¬ tors and preachers have suffered martyrdom while others have lost everything they possessed except their life and their trust in God. These must be supported in large part while they take up the task of reorganizing the churches and col¬ lecting the scattered congregations. 5. The schools cannot for a few years be self-supporting in the same degree they were before the war, while eagerness for education was students. Prices are high and costs increase. These higher institutions were never more needed for laying the foundation of a new civiliza¬ tion for the Near East. 8. Mohammedans in Turkey are more free today to inquire into the promises and claims of Christianity than they have been for a century. A spirit of religious unrest and of honest inquiry is in the air. By our sacred commission we are bound to meet this surpassing opportunity. 9. Costs of living have risen higher in Turkey than in the United States. This means we must give more for the support of the missionaries that they may do their best work and be maintained in their maximum strength and execu¬ tive capacity. THE AMERICAN BOARD 81 THE BALKANS Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania and * Greece T HIS brief heading must be stretched to cover four out¬ standing races in southeastern Europe, the Bulgarians, the Serbs, the Greeks, and the Albanians, each with its separate and distinct claim and need. Bulgaria Needs Educated Leaders We have a mission station in each one of these countries, manned by missionaries, and equipped with the foundations at least, of a wide¬ spread work. Moreover, these fields have been occupied and oper¬ ated by American missionaries dur¬ ing the entire period of the war which, with its devastating forces, raged upon all sides. Now peace has come the peoples themselves urge more decisive ac¬ tion. The Albanians await new families of missionaries and the opening of medical work and mod¬ ern schools. The Greeks welcome us to Salonika and ask that we strengthen the educational depart¬ ments there. The Serbs urge that other stations than Monastir be opened in their country by mission¬ aries sent wholly for work among them. Bulgaria, from the lowest official up to and including the King him¬ self, speaks in unstinted terms of the nation’s debt to the American missionaries. As an expression of their appreciation and desire the Bulgarian Parliament in June of 1920, under recommendation of the Minister of Education and the Prime Minister, by special act, gave to the American Board Mis¬ sion in Bulgaria a valuable tract of some fifty acres of land in the vicin¬ ity of the capital, Sofia, to which the two schools at Samokov are to be transferred. This is a free gift * of land in order that the training of Bulgarian youth by American mis¬ sionaries may be more effectively carried on in close proximity to the capital of the country. The entire Balkan field which ad¬ vanced but little during the terrible years of the war is now demanding substantial added support in order to meet the demands of eager peo¬ ple emerging from conditions of de¬ pression into a new hope. These countries must be given an educational and Christian literature. Modern school facilities under Christian auspices are imperative for progress and good order. The schools of Samokov must be provided a permanent home at Sofia where suitable buildings will need to be erected for both the schools and for the teachers in charge. New missionaries must be found and com¬ missioned. These rapidly developing peoples must be aided now to advance in the right direction, not only for their own sakes, but for the peace and good order of Europe and the world. 82_ THE AMERICAN BOARD OUR TWO SMALLEST MISSIONS Call for Help Czechoslovakia HIS Mission of the Board has perhaps had a greater reflex influence upon America than any other, as it has supplied so many honored Christian leaders in our life here. Always a small Mission, with no institutional work, and laboring against heavy odds, its spiritual output has been little short of marvelous. Now under most favorable circumstances in a land of freedom under republican laws and among a people almost as eager for spiritual guidance as for modern education, this “one-man mission’ 7 offers a stimulating op¬ portunity to those peculiarly inter¬ ested in the land of John Huss. The call is not for men—as the churches of the land are at present sufficient to the task— but for funds. The salaries of the twenty-five pastors and colporters dependent upon us must be increased. For this some $2,000 is required. Our share in subsidizing a Bible training school calls for $500. Buildings too must be rented, involving sev¬ eral thousands more. In this field, every dollar we in¬ vest is helping to reconstruct one of the new wards of the allied powers. The victory of 1918 implies a duty for us here and now. Spain HE Mission to Spain began in 1872. The missionaries now number five, two of whom, Mr. and Mrs. Bowers, reside in Bilbao; and the others, the Misses Morrison, Webb and Eaton, at Barcelona. There are twenty-one Spanish workers including five ordained men. The Protestant churches con¬ nected with the mission number only six with less than 300 mem¬ bers. About 800 pupils are in the six grade schools and some 300 in the girl’s school. We are well located in the midst of Spain’s expanding industrial sec¬ tion. Thousands about us, rebelling against the Church of Rome or lured away into materialistic life, are open to evangelical effort if to any religious appeal at all. The Mission pleads for American grit and progress in our task. A program adopted by the Board involves uniting with other Protes¬ tant bodies in a union Bible Train¬ ing Institute at Madrid; adding an¬ other family to the force; securing funds for aggressive work in the in¬ dustrial part of Bilbao; and eventu¬ ally in starting a boy’s school. Funds are needed at once for:— 1. Increase of salaries of Spanish pastors and teachers. 2. Repairs and equipment on schools and churches. 3. New buildings at strategic centres. 4. Subsidizing of a union evangelical periodical. 5. Scholarships for students at Madrid. 6. Our share in staff and running expense of the Madrid Seminary. THE AMERICAN BOARD 83 MEXICO M EXICO is of special concern to the people of America. Shall we act the part of the Good Samaritan? Exploited by its con¬ querors, benighted by its Church and abused by its own leaders it needs our moral support and our missionary assistance. Protestants have given it the Bible and educa¬ tion to some degree for over fifty years. Evangelical mission bodies have united in working out a plan of cooperation never excelled in the annals of missionary history. The Congregational Branch of the Evangelical Church is begin¬ ning anew in Mexico. Our few churches are as yet small and weak; our few schools are pathetically in¬ adequate; yet the courage of the little Mexican Mission is inspir- ingly grand. We face a bigger and harder task than we did before we exchanged territory with the Southern Meth¬ odists in the interests of comity. Instead of enlarging our mission forces we are weaker than we were twenty-five years ago when Con¬ gregationalisms were making history in the Republic below the border. The City of Mazatlan We Should Develop a Great Station Here A MINIMUM PROGRAM CALLS FOR:— 1. The development of Mazatlan on the west coast. 2. A system of graded day schools and an industrial and agricultural institute in Sinaloa or Sonora. 3. An adequate staffing and equipping of our Colegio In- temacional at Guadalajara. 4. Funds to aid the scattered congregations. 5. A large general increase in appropriations for touring, Sunday school and church supervision, lay training. 6. Men and money required for meeting our share in union enterprises such as publication work and the training of pastors. THE AMERICAN BOARD PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Achievement INCE 1903 Congregationalists in the Philippines have had a paramount responsibility for Min¬ danao, an island in the south as large as Maine in area and popula¬ tion, an Eldorado for the Filipino, the home of the pagan highlander, and the stronghold of the Moham¬ medan Moro. At present some 14 missionaries reside at Davao and Cagayan, the two stations of the of towns along that coast welcome our missionaries and their Filipino associates. Problems The demand for evangelists and pastors is so great as to make quite urgent the need of developing a training institute;. There are literally hundreds waiting to come into the church. The Board has waited over fifteen years for the Types of Future Leaders Each One in This Group Speaks a Different Dialect Mission. A good medical work is carried on at Davao and a hospital will soon be planted at Cagayan. Educational work has been mostly confined to small day schools at both stations and to theological in¬ struction. Evangelistic work in the south has not advanced so rap¬ idly as on the northern coast where thousands during the American oc¬ cupation broke away from the Ro¬ man Catholic Church to form a national church and have been pe¬ culiarly open to the Gospel. Scores ability to seize this opportunity. Wherever missionaries have given them a chance these drifting Fili¬ pinos have flocked into the church. Especially are there young Filipino students responding, set free from mediaeval superstition by the Amer¬ ican public schools of the Philip¬ pines; these are children spiritually famished. The missionaries declare that they are the easiest people to lead to Christ in the world if they are reached before cynical atheism has set in. THE AMERICAN BOARD 85 Program The Mission has sent an S. O. S. call for help. It is scouring colleges and high schools in all parts of the islands for natives who can be trained for the ministry. Patriotism demands that we adequately support this one mission under the flag. The Board has agreed to a plan for training lay work¬ ers and pastors involving our sending young men to Silli- man Institute and to the Union Theological Seminary at Manila. Elizabeth Baldwin Jane Baldwin Two Heroines ofi Modern Missions Have Given Lives of Service to the Island World While large demands cannot be met today we must soon meet the challenge of this mission for men for Cagayan and for the opening of a station among the Moro; for funds for two student dormitories, three missionary residences, a goodly number of scholarships, and especially an increase in the appro¬ priations for general work. Micronesia Let us not forget the little island work of the Board in the far Paci¬ fic. It used to be large, requiring large boats like the “Morning Star.” Now it is confined to the Marshall Islands just north of the equator, and to one training school, that on Kusaie of the Car¬ oline group. A printing press is required for the supply of textbooks for our schools and of Christian reading matter for the few thousand island¬ ers under our spiritual care. We should find and send an or¬ dained missionary there at once. None is there at present. He should know Japanese as the islands are now governed by Japan. We shoud give the Mission a Gospel auxiliary schooner. It is an indispensable means of super¬ vising the island field and bringing together pupils from the various groups for educational purposes. 86 THE AMERICAN BOARD AFRICA Two Pressing Questions Paganism Exploitation or or Christianity? Evangelization? Achievement A MONG the virile Zulus of Na¬ tal (and the Transvaal) where work began in 1835 American Con- gregationalists have twenty cen¬ tral stations and over a hundred outstations, 37 missionaries, and 890 native workers. There are some 6,700 professing Christians in about thirty organized churches, and about 7,000 students under in¬ struction. Amanzimtoti Institute at Adams has become a “Hamp¬ ton.” The Social Service Centre at Johannesburg is acquiring reality; and a beginning is being made at Durban of the only Christian med¬ ical school for natives in South Africa. A good plant is therefore at the disposal of those who would Christianize the Zulu before “civ¬ ilization” destroys him. In Rhodesia farther north, and across the line in Portuguese East Africa, a mission has been develop¬ ing the past 25 years. Its central plant at Mt. Silinda presents prob¬ ably the best possibilities for in¬ dustrial-agricultural training for natives under Christian auspices anywhere in South Africa. With its great farms and forest and trained leadership it ought to meet the peculiar needs of the Ndau peoples. The results of the mis¬ sion’s work are not yet so evident as in Natal, but with more than a thousand boys and girls under the constant influence of over twenty missionaries and fifty native leaders some substantial gains are bound to come. Scores of thou¬ sands of “raw heathen” are acces¬ sible to Congregationalists in this part of Africa. The West Central Africa Mis¬ sion since 1880 has tried in vain to cover the vast territory open to missionary influence, yet it has de¬ veloped six central stations and has a work in its 160 outstations of re¬ markable power. Some industrial and agricultural instruction is given in over 150 schools to nearly 8,500 pupils. Central boarding schools are developing, and to cap the cli¬ max there now is the Currie Insti¬ tute at Dondi. The field has almost constantly something like a mass movement going on, as whole vil¬ lages come asking for Christian schools. A native church of 2,000 members with some 460 native workers assist the 44 members of the mission in an effort to cover the field. Problem The main problem we face in Africa is too familiar to dwell upon. How can the native produce such THE AMERICAN BOARD character, ability and grace as will break down white prejudice and allow him full opportunity for self- expression? This calls for a “dem¬ onstration” work which in turn de¬ mands untiring patience. Educa¬ tionally all training must point toward the supply of a faithful efficient laboring class for the many and of a few choice leaders for out¬ standing positions in all walks of life; and gradually to the uplift of the entire race. Our Africa work calls for strat¬ egy of high order. There must be adequate missionary occupation. We still have large fields to cover. No one knows the number of people in¬ volved in these Africa territories 87 of ours. They number hundreds of thousands who need Jesus Christ. Strategy calls too for an awak¬ ened native church through an im¬ proved native leadership. The spiritual condition of the churches is a reason for anxiety. Many are but marking time, some slipping back. Adjustments to modern life weaken the moral fibre of not a few. The churches need, however, more than a purifying and energiz¬ ing; they hunger for new vision, a consciousness of a big mission, and for evangelistic aggressiveness. To meet this demand for improved leadership, we should provide better training for the ministry. An African Kraal The Gospel Transforms Home Life in the Dark Continent The Program Increase appropriations for the general work of the Board, thus providing for better church and school and settlement work. Provide residences for missionaries and better housing for native helpers; buildings for the theological department of Amanzimtoti; dormitories for West Africa schools and school building for Chikore, Rhodesia. Johannesburg needs financial assistance, and the medical work within the three mission fields calls for funds which cannot be secured from fees. Nor must we forget the plan of reoccupy¬ ing Beira and of evangelizing Portuguese East Africa. 88 THE AMERICAN BOARD INDIA AND CEYLON T O one view India is a big human ant-hill, seething with unrest. To another and a truer view it reveals a depressed and inert people wakening to a desire for a better life in this modern world. An inextricable mixture, it has seemed, of races, religions, castes; Hindus, Moslems, Buddhists, Parsis and Christians, separated into water-tight compartments by the rigid bonds of caste. A people with no hope of national unity. But within a year Britain has opened wonderfully the civil and military government of India to the participation of her native people. Indian leaders are to fill a host of offices. Self-government is the goal that is prompting a national spirit. There is a new day in India and Ceylon. Education is the watch¬ word. Compulsory education is now the program that affects every community and family. It is the key that is opening doors for the missionary and pressing new re¬ sponsibilities on the mission boards. There were over 14,000 Protestant missionary schools of all grades in India and Ceylon in 1916 attended by over 650,000 pupils. Accomplishment The American Board’s first mis¬ sion was located in India. It was a desperately hard field in which to start. More missionaries died than converts were made in the first twenty years. It consumed lives and money with small appar¬ ent results. The wonder is that the founders kept on. To-day the Board maintains three established missions in this field of 350 million people: the Marathi and Madura missions in India and the Jaffna mission in Ceylon. The figures show 28 mis¬ sion stations, 130 missionaries, 121 churches, 20,000 church members, 497 schools of all grades, 24,000 pupils, and native contributions amounting to $57,000. There have grown up strong and productive schools of higher educa¬ tion for the preparation of teachers and preachers and for the upbuild¬ ing of Christian communities; schools like the American College at Madura with its extensive grounds, its substantial buildings, its staff of foreign and native teachers and its impressive student body; or like the High and Train¬ ing School and the Theological School at Pasumalai hard by, a veritable beehive of educational ac¬ tivity, whose stream of graduates enriches all the Christian work of the Madura field. Similarly the Divinity College and the Union Training School at Ahmednagar in the Marathi mis¬ sion and Jaffna College in Ceylon, are power-houses of immeasurable value. They represent an achieve¬ ment in the winning of place, con¬ fidence and influence that cannot be put into words. Then there are the hospitals and dispensaries; the work for lepers, for criminal tribes, for widows and orphans; the industrial plants and schools, blind schools, social ser¬ vice movements; all the varied min¬ istries which local need and mis¬ sionary ingenuity have prompted for the saving and developing of life under Christian auspices, an accomplishment to make glad every generous heart. Numbers do not tell the story or give much impression of it: twenty- eight mission stations! Look at just one of them—Aruppukottai THE AMERICAN BOARD 89 A Sad Contrast This is the Catholic Church Building, a Short Distance From Our Imposing Struc¬ ture On the Next Page in the Madura mission: center of a field 25 by 50 miles in area, with a population of 330,000, divided into 30 castes. The Christian com¬ munity numbers 8,398; seven pas¬ torates, each with an ordained, English speaking, Indian minister; with each minister an average of twenty-three Indian lay workers; 140 village congregations and 60 village schools. At the center, the Aruppukottai Boarding School with over 200 pupils. In charge of this work only three missionaries—a man and his wife, and a single lady. And they are the only white people in the area. With insufficient staff and meagre equipment results have been secured that are almost in¬ credible. Most significant of all and most promising is the fact that in all three of these missions a Christian church has been established that is fast coming to self-reliance, self¬ development and self-sacrifice. In the case of all three missions organ¬ izations are now definitely and rapidly passing responsibility and control into the hands of the people of the land. MISSIONS HAVE KEPT PACE WITH GOVERN¬ MENT IN THIS REGARD; MORE OFTEN HAVE LED THE WAY! We are seeing now, strong and promising young men of India, sons of the missions and the Indian churches, going back, after brilliant careers as students in this country, to take up work with the missions, identifying themselves with their people and working among them and for them. THE AMERICAN BOARD 90 Problems: The problems largely grow out of the successes; the problem is that of the growing work; how can it be adequately provided for. Recall the Aruppukottai Board¬ ing School. Buildings are inade¬ quate: meant to accommodate 40, they now contain 214 pupils and not less than 400 are foreseen as coming for instruction. With quar¬ ters crowded and unsanitary, and with equipment meagre and behind the times, something must be done for this school. Plans for its im¬ provement call for $35,000: to pro¬ vide a complete plant for boys and girls. And at every other station of the Madura mission there is a sim¬ ilar need; the boarding school prob¬ lem is urgent everywhere. The pressure of higher education¬ al requirements and of compulsory education in Madras presidency and Ceylon are being felt by mission schools of every grade throughout India and Ceylon. They are all calling for more and better teachers; for funds to help worthy but poor students; for more ade¬ quate facilities to meet the task that each year makes both heavier and more challenging. The problem of the staff in India and Ceylon fields is at present most difficult. Through losses by death and enforced withdrawals these three missions are so depleted that those left on the fields are stagger¬ ing under the extra loads they must carry. Important and inspiring posts of service are waiting to-day for someone to come to them. We need the men and women, the money to send them out and main¬ tain them, and the necessary equip¬ ment to make their work fully fruit¬ ful. Costs of travel are heavy, costs of living have increased terrifically: it is expensive business now to do anything anywhere in the world. But we cannot give up or curtail a growing and rewarding work into which a hundred years of sacrifice and toil have been put. A Sad Contrast This is Our Church. Its Architectural Features Are Holes and Mud. This need Cries Help! to Someone THE AMERICAN BOARD 91 92 THE AMERICAN BOARD Program i Notwithstanding the reduced staff of missionaries on the fields and their fierce problem of main¬ taining the work in hand with the workers and funds available, they are not settling down in discourage¬ ment or just doggedly holding on. They have their plans to meet the new times and chances. And the American Board has reviewed and approved many of these plans. It has recognized the need of re¬ enforcing the missionary staff: fill¬ ing up the gaps and adding at least one or two here and there. But that will mean an increased expense of not less than $10,000. The Board recognizes that at the heart of its work lies the maintenance of its general activities; the upkeep of small village schools; the aid of struggling village churches; the maintaining in part at least of na- tive workers, evangelists, preachers, teachers. It is imperative to sus¬ tain this fundamental cultivation of the field which is not spectacular or pretentious, but which brings re¬ sults. With the higher cost of everything it is necessary if there is not to be retreat here, that a larger allotment should be made to general work; that for next year the sum of not less than $10,000 extra be appropriated to these three mis¬ sions to make vigorous all their ac¬ tivities. The higher schools and institu¬ tions have their indisputable needs. The plans for the Madura Boarding Schools have been approved; and for the American College at Ma¬ dura; and for the commanding schools at Pasumalai; for the High, Training and Divinity schools at Ahmednagar; for the removal and reconstruction of the important High School at Bombay; for the safeguarding from threatened gov¬ ernment closing of unsatisfactory village schools in Ceylon; these are but some of the outstanding and pressing matters that are listed and waiting for provision. The American Board faces a condition in India and Ceylon that calls for prompt and adequate attention. It is a day of change; of opportunity for those who will seize it; of loss for those who neglect or delay. The work of a hundred and nine years gives the Board a special and enviable chance. It has the institutions, the contacts, the organization, and the experi¬ enced leaders with which to engage magnificently in the redemp¬ tion of India. The program is clear to those leaders; they know what they want to do; they are ready to go ahead. The Board approves of them and their plans. What is wanted is support. THE AMERICAN BOARD 93 JAPAN Progress HEN the Congregationalists began work in Japan in 1869 the religion of Jesus was “strict¬ ly forbidden” because “corrupt”; now it is a naturalized and honored religion open to all. Fifty years ago our pioneer missionaries were frowned upon and resisted; now they are welcomed everywhere by the people and some have been dec¬ orated by the Emperor. The first foothold for Christian work at Kobe was secured with difficulty; now there have been planted twelve mission stations, all located at strategic centers within the Empire, and the 75 missionaries are face to face with greater opportunities than can be met. The tiny group of Congregationalists of a half cen¬ tury ago has grown into 250 organ¬ ized churches called Kumiai, whose membership in Japan proper is 22,000 and in Korea over 15,000, and whose “parishes” contain thou¬ sands more Japanese and Koreans; an ecclesiastical organization virile and aggressive, spending more money on Congregational enter¬ prises than does the American Board; a small but independent self-directing missionary unit reaching out into Korea, Man¬ churia, Formosa, the islands of the sea, and even into China. A Jap¬ anese church organized and ready, with an American mission of 68 members keeping step beside it. Educationally too, broad founda¬ tions have been laid for a sound ad¬ vance. In comparison with that small beginning in the early Sev¬ enties we note: a kindergarten training school and six kindergar¬ tens; several girl’s schools; a col¬ lege for young women; a training institute for women evangelistic workers; and to crown all, the famous Doshisha, a Christian uni¬ versity fully recognized by Govern¬ ment, granting degrees and perme¬ ating the land wih Christian ideals and spirit. Nor must we forget a Christian social settlement, two night schools, a large orphanage and several other philanthropic institu¬ tions created through the spirit and genius of Congregationalists in Japan. “Education plus Christ!” Need Japan issues from the war with two big reconstruction problems; one affecting her soul at home, the other affecting her life abroad. In¬ ternally she has been shaken to her very foundations. Her German system has been disregarded though not discarded. Forces of democ¬ racy have been let loose and a mad rush for gold has set in. Japan needs spiritual renewal and knows it. Japan Needs Jesus Christ Under the stimulus of war trade, for example, she has developed into a manufacturing nation. Factories line her railways and waterways; black smoke shrouds her hills; ships cover her seas; materialistic industrialism threatens her family md social structure, indeed her very national morale. Here is a people lusting for gold and power, yet with no adequate moral standard or re¬ ligious dynamic. Indeed over 75 per cent, of her future leaders, students of Japan, are said to have plunged into agnosticism or to have become atheists altogether. How shall Japan save her soul? Her moral and spiritual needs are ter¬ ribly urgent. 94 THE AMERICAN BOARD Japan Needs Jesus Christ Externally too, Japan has to re¬ construct her ways. She has come through the war with a new inter¬ national vantage. She means now to capitalize her strategic position. This cannot be done in the old way; a new path must be followed. For TEMPLE. PINE TREE, AND TORII Japan's Future Effects the World this she needs an international mind and life such as will create confidence throughout the world in her purpose and ability to lead the East. Japan Needs Jesus Christ To meet this situation there are not half a million Christians among WE MUST: the 90 millions of the Japanese Em¬ pire. The Kumiai church finds it¬ self too small even to meet its share of the task. Our Kumiai brethren call for more missionaries of the “right sort”; that is, for true sons and daughters of freedom trained to distinguish between liberty and license; for real Americans who hate class distinction and rise above race prejudice; for Christ's inter¬ nationalists who can so love as to be willing to sacrifice in this hardest of mission fields rather than to see Asia misdirected and paganized by a Christless military despotism. What shall be our attitude under such circumstances? Shall we try merely to hold our ground or shall we advance? At present the Board is doing neither. Two stations are without missionaries; death and withdrawal are reducing the ranks; high prices are threatening the loss of Japanese workers and affecting the morale of the Mission. In the interests of China and Manchuria, in behalf of world peace, to help hold Japan and America together as friends, and above all to bring life to this proud but needy leader of the Orient, shall not Christian America advance rather than re¬ treat in its missionary work for Japan? The Plan First, increase the salaries for missionaries and their Japan associates. Morale and efficiency call for the assurance of a living wage. Second, fill the gaps in the mission ranks; reopen stations. Third, provide buildings and equipment for the institutions under the care of the Board, and render liberal assistance to Doshisha. Fourth, provide funds in generous measure for the publication and distribution of Christian literature for Japan’s great reading public. Fifth, develop social service demonstration centers in the expanding industrial sections of Japan where the Board is now planted. Sixth, last, but first in the thought of the 7nission, carry out the plan of expansion in the promising northern field, the Hokkaido, this including the development of a middle school for boys and a training institute for Christian workers. ■ THE AMERICAN BOARD 95 CHINA America Has Preserved the Political Integrity of China in the Past. Today We Bring Schools, Hospitals and the Gospel of Christ Through the Missionary Enterprise I T matters everything what hap¬ pens to the Christian Move¬ ment in China. One quarter of the human race is there. And that quarter is moving. Political changes reveal a new national as¬ piration and inspire fresh hope that China may now be on the way to becoming a real self-governing re¬ public. Her threefold want is patriotism, public spirit and public morality. ical time. Its pioneers were men of vision and judgment. They chose locations well and laid foun¬ dations securely. Look, for example, at the situa¬ tion in the capital province of Chi¬ hli. Stations at three strategic cities, Peking, the capital, Tientsin, the port, and Paotingfu. All seats of important government schools and universities; crowded with men and young men; alive with all the A Deputation of Gentry At Our Church We Are Reaching Leaders If the people can be brought to care for their country as a whole and not simply their particular section; to think of the public welfare and not merely of private gain; and if the officials can be brought to set the example of moral standards in public affairs, China will become a strong and prosperous country. To the meeting of these wants the work of the American Board has been steadily contributing through the ninety years it has been devel¬ oping. It is now superbly placed to push its contribution at this crit- modern movement of China; ap¬ proachable, responsive, cordial to the presence of the American and the missionary. Paotingfu furnishes confessedly the most open and rewarding mis¬ sionary field in China to-day. Towns, cities, counties, are all lit¬ erally clamoring for the Christian teacher and preacher. The Board’s small staff is overwhelmed with its unmet opportunities. At Tientsin the way is just now open for the Board to occupy the Hopei district of the city, a fine THE AMERICAN BOARD 96 and promising section of that city of a million people. Confidence and regard have so been won by past labors that a great chance ap¬ pears to minister to homes and families of standing and influence. At Peking the section of the city allocated to the American Board includes a part of the inner or im¬ perial city, the student quarter in China also. Missionaries at first were stoned and driven out. For a time it seemed as if they would never get a foot-hold. As they pushed North they found a better welcome or at least less opposition. But even in the North the Boxers in 1900 tried to wipe out the mission¬ aries and all other “foreign devils.” And they so far succeeded that mis- Paotingfu 1900 The Graves of Martyrs Testify to Heroic Sacrifice sion work seemed for the moment to be destroyed. How quietly and powerfully it recovered is one of the marvels of missionary history. To-day, twenty years after, the Board’s figures are as follows: 4 missions; 13 stations; 224 out stations; 208 missionaries; 680 na¬ tive workers; 182 churches; 11,345 church members, 317 schools of all grades, 10,000 pupils under instruc¬ tion; $75,000 received last year in native contributions. where are large schools and colleges and where the students live, and the region of many official and public buildings. The mission compound is at the heart of a most important area of populous Peking. One who marks the locations of American Board work in its China fields must recognize how effective¬ ly they are placed. Accomplishment It was slow work getting started THE AMERICAN BOARD 97 Every one of these figures needs explanation and emphasis to make its real significance appear. Take that item of 680 native workers: they represent a wide variety of ac¬ tivities and efficiency. One of those workers is a young man, son of the Board’s first convert in the North China mission, educated in the mis¬ sion, who took his theological course with honor in the United known to be an American and a Christian missionary are in the fields of these stations; they are in¬ adequately occupied as yet for the lack of laborers and funds; but they are being vigorously worked to the utmost of the resources. And more than a dent is being made on the stolid subjection to ancient reli¬ gions. Once more consider the churches Paotingfu 1920 This Group of Officials, With Dr. Reinsch, the Recent American Minister, Hints At the New Day of Favor and Cooperation in China States and has now gone back to China and to Peking, there to work with the Chinese church and with the student classes, among whom he is already proving an evangelistic leader of great influence. Or take the number of stations, 13; not a large or impressive figure. But each of those stations is the center of a wide reaching effort; a power house from which radiate lines of blessing that go far and whose accomplishment cannot be reckoned. Entire counties, popu¬ lous, restless, seeking for better things and approachable to an un¬ precedented degree by whoever is and church members. Small figures as compared with “China’s Mil¬ lions.” But those churches are alive and active; those members are beginning to assume responsibility and to recognize their obligation for the evangelizing of their coun¬ trymen. It is the custom now for evangelistic bands of students or of a group of pastors to make sys¬ tematic tours into the country, strengthening the churches, opening up new fields and returning with deepened spiritual life and a broader vision to serve in their own churches. Mission organizations also are 98 THE AMERICAN BOARD changing to provide for the inclu¬ sion of church representatives and Chinese leaders in the planning of the work, the disposition of funds and the administration of the sta¬ tions. The missionary is more ob¬ viously and genuinely becoming a Christ movement which has swept the Chinese church into its support and pressed upon Chinese leaders its direction constitutes another mighty result of missionary work in which the American Board has had its part. No mission land of the Street Scene in Canton Our Work Here Must Be Strengthened fellow worker with the Christians of the land. The work of the China Continua¬ tion Committee which has welded the mission work of all Boards in the huge area of China into a work¬ able whole and has just completed a careful three years’ missionary survey of the country and called a conference representing the entire Christian movement in China to meet in Shanghai next Spring to re¬ view the situation, represents one great accomplishment in which the American Board has shared. The birth and growth of the China-for- world to-day is better organized or more vigorously set for a great ad¬ vance than is the stirring field of China. And the American Board is fortunately placed, and to some de¬ gree staffed and equipped to have a glorious share in this era of oppor¬ tunity. Problems The problem which stands out most sharply and cannot be dis¬ regarded is how to provide food and clothes for the growing child. It is the burden day and night upon the hearts of the missionaries: how THE AMERICAN BOARD to enter the new places that are calling for the message; how to en¬ large the school facilities for the pupils that are crowding in; how to provide training for the Chris¬ tians who might be developed into leaders; how to maintain even the things that are, in view of the slender resources which mounting costs have made yet more inade¬ quate. It is nothing less than an emergency when we face the situa¬ tion to-day in China without the men or the money to seize the chance. 99 leadership in education at the Cap¬ ital. Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists at present com¬ pose the union. The two former denominations are putting large sums into the enterprise. The American Board has been forced to hold unfulfilled some of its pledge of help, for lack of the funds. The situation is getting difficult and em¬ barrassing. We must do our part and do it promptly. At once $10,000 is needed to meet a pledge made six years ago. Fukien Christian University is Fenchow Hospital Must Be Completed. One of Our Famous Fields and Successful Workers. The Buildings Need Equip ment, Heating Plant, and Plumbing. $10,000 Absolutely Necessary Here and At Once. A special problem of the times for the American Board grows out of its share in union educational work. China is the outstanding field for this development of mis¬ sionary co-operation. There are more and greater undertakings in this line in China than in any other mission land. The American Board is a partner in these under¬ takings at three centers: Peking, Foochow and Canton. Peking University is being estab¬ lished on large and substantial lines to occupy a position of Christian located at Foochow, the capital of the province containing the highest percentage of Christians and of Christian schools and pupils of all the provinces of China. It has a superb chance to dominate the ed¬ ucation of its region. It has secured a worthy site on the river front and some of its buildings are in process of construction. Meanwhile in rented quarters in the city it is at its work, with a growing staff of teachers, foreign and Chinese, a large student body and the stimulus of a group of preparatory or allied 100 THE AMERICAN BOARD schools. To this splendid institu¬ tion, crown of all the missionary educational work of a big province, the American Board is bound with three other missionary societies. It provides three members of its for¬ eign staff and a share of its cur¬ rent income. And it is in honor bound to help in securing the larger sums that are needed for its fuller establishment and equipment. At Canton where has come to pass a remarkable cooperation of all mission boards in a survey of the city and in planning for a wise ap¬ portioning and combining of mis¬ sionary work therein, a Union High School has been formed which will serve as a direct feeder for the Union Theological Seminary that has been in operation for some years; and a Union Normal School is proposed. In these undertakings also the American Board is a part¬ ner and must assume its share of the maintenance. These are all wise and economical efforts to join in meeting needs that are real and pressing and that give promise of superb results. They are problems, but problems that thrill. Special problems appear as one scans the thirteen stations in China, often there are several at one sta¬ tion. Only a few samples can be noted: There is the Fenchow hospital, partly finished and waiting to be made usable; waiting for the $10,- 000 needed to complete the build¬ ing, provide equipment and install heating and lighting plants. There is the Tientsin situation: the way open to transfer the mis¬ sion compound to a far more prom¬ ising section of the city where work is already under way, land partly bought, stakes down, and all awaits the securing of $28,000 to clinch the matter. There is the Paotingfu situation: pressing a year ago and now even more urgent. A huge and crowded field comprising many counties sud¬ denly opening up with an eager ap¬ peal for Christian teaching. It is possible to use a multiplied force of teachers and evangelists; to develop training classes; to organize itiner¬ ating tours, to gather the harvest. The Chinese workers can be se¬ cured, at least in part; increased funds are sorely needed to finance the campaign, to provide literature and other tools. A few thousand dollars would mean a leap forward in this field. There is the occupation of Kien- ning in the Shaowu mission; a new center from which a large portion of the field can be more economi¬ cally worked; stakes down there also and beginnings made; all wait¬ ing upon the coming of a doctor, the money for a residence and a small sum for equipment and repairs. From Canton comes a proposal for a union mission station out in the country district to be main¬ tained and worked jointly by repre¬ sentatives of several missions; the compound, buildings, staff and gen¬ eral expenses to be met by these boards together. The American Board is asked to join. Here is a novel plan to be considered. At present it can only be disregarded for lack of funds. Program The first concern is of course to hold fast all the work that is going and going well. An increase of $50,000 should be made to seize some of these chances in 1921. Then there is the plan to enlarge and improve the street chapels in Peking—a very important need; in¬ volving something like $10,000 for the establishment of a new and sat¬ isfactory plant. And allied with THE AMERICAN BOARD 101 this, a more systematic and effec¬ tive work among the students, for which the Board’s location is ad¬ vantageous and the Board’s past efforts have made the way pro¬ pitious. The development of a carefully planned and effective evangelism increase in literacy, the use of the new and simpler alphabet, there is a very real demand for good litera¬ ture ; it travels far, its work is quiet and inconspicuous; but its results are real. The sum of $5,000 is de¬ sired to help this department of missionary work. The New Day In Paotingfu, China. Dr. Price Works With the Cadets in the Government Military Academy through all the China missions is prominent in the program of ad¬ vance. Churches are being roused to feel their responsibility. Funds are being sought to provide for this extension work. The production and circulation of Christian Literature is yearly becoming more urgently pressed. With the progress of education, the We must support those Union en¬ terprises in which we are partners; and press the training of Christian young men and women for leader¬ ship. Scholarship funds are sorely needed. It is both more economi¬ cal and more Christian to prepare Chinese to lead their own Churches than to multiply missionaries for the task. Whether one looks at a single station and its field or at the enterprise as a whole, there is a tremendous pull to the mission¬ ary work in China to-day. Our representatives are alert, capa¬ ble and devoted. They have their programs: they know what needs to be done; and they are ready to set about it; they are setting about it, just as far as we let them. They appeal for a worthier support. 102 THE AMERICAN BOARD Living Partners in the Kingdom The missionary enterprise needs friends more than funds. It needs men more than money, and the prayers and personal interest of its legion of givers are the highest pledge of future success. Each one will find the task he can do best. Pastors will not miss the full share of leadership that is theirs. If the story is rightly told it will inspire every Congregation to faith and loyalty. Men and women who lead in thought and action will want to enlist every church in the larger giving that has now become imperative. God’s kingdom can no longer be financed by casual or indefinite methods. If we mean business as Congregationalists then thousands of churches will reveal a deeper personal interest and a sense of steward¬ ship will pervade the entire denomination. In the year just closed many churches accepted some definite in¬ vestment in the work as their share. The First Church in Columbus, Ohio, raised $10,000 for a new chapel in Peking as a memorial to Rev. Murray Frame, its missionary representative. The Fort Wayne Church has paid in $3,000 to build the new district church so long needed by Dr. Jeffery in India. The churches in Marlboro, Massachu¬ setts and Upper Montclair, New Jersey have adopted some of the new workers in the Philippines. Every church which is already supporting a representative knows that the cost of missionaries in China and India has largely increased because of foreign exchange. Many churches raised the additional amount so that their representatives might be fully cared for. Individuals of means in many churches are making definite invest¬ ments because of keen personal interest. Two months ago a prominent educator in India was adopted as the representative of a Connecticut manufacturer. A prominent doctor in Turkey is being supported by a minister and his wife in another denomination. A woman in one church in the middle west is supporting her own missionary in Turkey and has the satisfaction of feeling that she can share in the results he accom¬ plishes. One man in the middle west contributes the whole salary of one of our missionaries and several other men are considering such invest¬ ments. One manufacturer continues to support a large number of native evangelists, each year receiving reports from the fields and noting the growth of the results from his consecrated investment. The church mem¬ bers brought in by the workers he supports now reach a total of over 6,500. One half a province in China is regarded as his investment for he has paid from his own earnings the salary of every native worker who has entered that province. This man and the missionary who guides the work can read some of Paul’s epistles with deep personal meaning for they know what it is to be responsible for the birth and growth of church members and of whole churches even in this modern day. It is clear that there must be a thousand business men or women of means who feel they are giving their full share of the church appor¬ tionment but who would gladly make gifts of $100 or $1,000 or $5,000 to the Board each year if they could be offered personal and definite investments like the above. The Board’s secretaries are eager to corre¬ spond with every individual who is willing to consider some larger per¬ sonal investment in such work. THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 103 The Woman’s Boards By An American Board Secretary Joint Expenditure, September 1, 1919—August 31, 1920- $513,000 Increase Asked from Churches, 1921. 225,000 Total Budget Asked for 1921. $738,000 A Work of Vital Importance The three Woman’s Boards co-operate with the American Board. Their treasuries are separate and each becomes responsible for a specific portion of the work abroad. Each of the three Woman’s Boards must receive the full amount of its budget from the churches and their auxil¬ iaries, or important lines of work will be dropped. The work among women, girls and little children is second to none on the mission field. The Woman’s Boards support all- the single women missionaries, engaged in the large number of schools in our twenty missions and carry on an extensive evangelistic work through Bible women, reaching the homes and the families as only women work¬ ers can. In some of our stations the work by the women and for the women and children, exceeds in importance and extent, the efforts of the American Board alone. Yet the full credit of their effort goes under the title of “American Board Work” when considered by our home churches. With the true modesty and self-forgetfulness of womankind, the three Woman’s Boards are doing a vast work for uplift and progress, and their efforts must be recognized and appreciated by every pastor and every church. Without them, the American Board’s work would be cut down more than one third and would lose from its lists such celebrated institutions as Kobe College in Japan, the leading college for women in the Empire, or the American Collegiate Institute in Smyrna, as well as some of its most famous and heroic workers. Increases Desperately Needed Their need of increased income from the churches and auxiliaries is fully as great as for any part of our denominational work. Impor¬ tant institutions are waiting to be completed like the woman’s depart¬ ment of the hospital in Fenchow, China. Schools must be repaired and expanded like that in famous Aruppukottai. Their native workers must receive an increased wage and their “General Work Funds” and salary increases must keep step with those of the American Board. The increased receipts from the churches asked for 1921 are estimated at $225,000. Somewhere, somehow, even larger sums must be secured if their work is to go on unchecked. Let every pastor and every man in our churches acquaint himself with the story of the Woman’s Board work in the following pages. The women themselves need not thus be urged. Those interested in the Mission Boards may well bless the work of devotion and of success carried on by the women of our churches. 104 THE WOMAN’S BOARDS The WOman’s Board of Missions A wide-spread Plant centering in 68 stations, operated by 138 American women and a large corps of native workers. I. Achievements Educational HE tide of educational fervor evei^for girls runs high in mis¬ sion lands. Thirty-six boarding schools are similarly embarrassed by success as to numbers applying for entrance and encouraged by the favorable public attitude. The City Council of Sofia, Bul¬ garia, makes a gift of 2,000 square metres of land for a mission pri¬ mary school and a social settle¬ ment. A Turkish department at the Smyrna Collegiate Institute was urged by Mohammedans and now receives from them scholarships for ten of its seventy pupils. “No matter what may be the po¬ litical complexion of the local gov¬ ernment, or even the religion of the people, the American teacher has the right of way in the Near East.” One city of India, protesting against the expense of compulsory education for both boys and girls, the Brahmin and low caste women united in defense and retorted: “Very well, then, provide for the girls first and let the boys wait!” In a public demonstration one of their mottoes read: “To postpone compulsory education for girls three years is to postpone Home Rule thirty years.” Government presses strongly and justly in India and Africa for better equipment and in proportion to our response makes needed grants. “Never before such an attitude of friendly reception.” In disturbed Mexico the Instituto Colon opened last year in Guadala¬ jara with 60 students and closed with 168. El Fuerte dared to en¬ roll 50 when there were but 40 desks. .1 ^ It means Vital Statistics, indeed, to Barcelona, Spain, that the 100- girl-aim has now been reached, and that the majority of these clever, charming young women will move in influental circles with a purifying effect upon the vitiated atmosphere of the “land without a Bible.” Two girls of the grease-smeared, red-clayed kraal type in Mrs. Ed¬ wards’ home fifty years ago, and today Inanda Seminary with com¬ modious buildings set in cultivated acres; academic and industrial courses; religious atmosphere; and an annual output of young women for the schools, homes and parson¬ ages of Natal, Africa. Matsuyama, Japan, and Smyrna, Asia Minor, perforce press back the on-coming current of young life until on the new sites which they hold, adequate buildings with modern equipment shall give a heartier welcome. The 562 students who crowd the four departments of Uduvil, Cey¬ lon, stand for the progressive ideas of the best new Oriental woman¬ hood, especially members of the English department who recently decreed that it was silly for each girl to wash her own plate lest she become polluted, and that one ser¬ vant should wash them all together in the modern efficient way. THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 105 Learning Aeout the Country Where They Live Already Ceylon Has Decreed Compulsory Education for Girls As Well As Boys. India Is Struggling to Achieve It. China’s girls are earnest, plod¬ ding, indefatigable students, and no whit behind in the progressive movements for women as they fill our all-too-inadequate accommoda¬ tions in the schools of the Foochow and North China Missions. “As lovable as any group I ever worked with, ambitious and responsive,” comments a newly arrived educator at the Wen Shan Girls’ School, one of experience with American types. The finishing touch, the high polish, are reserved for the growing union enterprises like Peking and Madras Colleges, in which Congre¬ gational women share both as to funds and teaching force. From the steadily enlarging number of appli¬ cants, graduates of the boarding schools, we begin to draw for such teaching as our own missionaries alone could do in the past. The Kindergarten and day schools are the sine qua non of the entire system. In devasted Turkey, from orphanages and restored homes, the stream of child life be¬ gins to set towards school, and in one district alone the missionary is busy and happy looking after 1,935 such children. The head man of an Indian vil¬ lage may voice the pleading of every section of every mission, “Send us a teacher and we will pro¬ vide the building, part of the sup¬ port and guarantee 25 children.” “Leaders to train Leaders” is the motto for Education in this hour. THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 106 Evangelistic A testimony given to the retiring principal of Matsuyama, Japan, after fourteen years’ service: “The school has been an evangelizing agency of the most pronounced type, and but few girls have been graduated who were not committed to the Christian life.” The strides taken in Ceylon in the last two years amaze a worker returning from furlough—more re¬ sponsibility laid on Tamil Chris-, tians; breaking down of caste and the seclusion of women; an ad¬ visory Board of Tamil Christian women for the Uduvil School; three churches with women on their committees; periods of special re¬ ligious services and 44 school-girls uniting with the church. An educator of high rank re¬ turns to her school work, after rest, in the spirit, “I have come back primarily to bring the girls to Christ.” “It is good to see our Capron Hall girls in real life in their home villages. When I see their influence I long to send out more who shall have the same dignity, the same culture, the same spirit of service,” writes a missionary from Madura, India. Even witch doctors stop to hear the Message. A teacher and sev¬ eral school girls start on an evan¬ gelistic tour and come upon four fantastic creatures dancing in a hut, according to some heathen rite. They not only listen, but gather on the next Sunday all the village women and real instruction begins. From this one effort, several come into the church, and one promising girl begins training at Inanda Sem¬ inary, South Africa. There is no failing, no faltering of the fundamental missionary pur¬ pose, either in the American women who go for us, or among the girls whom they imbue with their own Japanese Family At Morning Prayers Kindergartens Help to Build Christian Homes and a Righteous Nation THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 107 spirit. Even the village schools stand for “our best evangelizing agency.’’ The 250 Bible Women—“may their tribe increase!”—thread the narrow way of life in every mission, devoted and Christ-like, wise to suit the Word to their own country women. One, eighty years of age, who dropped by the wayside as she walked to a village to tell the old, old story, received this testimony, “She has won more people to Christ than any woman in our area.” Did she drop because of weakness, from too little nourishment, and had our meagre salary to her anything to do with it? The Christian church in the China Missions has broader oppor¬ tunities each year, and the women, both American and Chinese, are ac¬ tive in its evangelistic efforts. Per¬ haps in no area of the Board are the country people so eager for the Message as in the wide-stretching Paotingfu district in North China, and our missionaries are pressed with the oversight of unusual but joyful evangelistic tours. “Fifty kettles of water needed for the tea,” was in the story of one service, but more to the point are the tales of such eager interest as led men and women to stay far into the night for instruction. Medical and Social “The hospital plant is a gem” applies equally to the two India hospitals. The physician-surgeon in charge of each is a “gem” like¬ wise, but a soltaire is not in good taste for such a position—we should set a cluster! Treatments, 33,720; operations, 1,488; births, 244; out¬ side calls, 584; this is the report for the past year wrung from one of these modest, skillful overburdened women. An associate is on the way to relieve Madura, but Ahmed- nagar still waits. The medical work of the Board is relatively small, centering at but three points. Foochow, China, has its doctor at w r ork in temporary quarters pending readjustments. The ultimate ideal is the native doctor and nurse. To this end the Vellore Medical College, South India, in which we share, has re¬ cently begun training for 38 Indian women, 51 having been turned away for lack of room. Smyrna, Asia Minor, takes a for¬ ward step in social work. A survey is to be made by a committee from the two mission schools of the Boards, the Near East Relief, the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A, to cover city administration, relig¬ ious status, health, sanitation, crime and recreation. Our own social worker will have supervision of playgrounds with censorship of theatres, moving-picture houses, coffee houses, and the like. The plan is endorsed by the highest Greek authorities, ecclesiastical and military, as well as by the Ar¬ menian bishop. Before the modem emphasis be¬ came so forceful on social service the “Loving-All Institution” grew up in a slum section of Okayama, Japan, gradually taking on all the features of a modern settlement, al¬ ways keeping the Christian stamp distinct. Again and again has this plant of day and night schools, Sun¬ day schools, day nursery, dispens¬ ary, clubs, industrial classes, brought commendation from the city and imperial governments. The latest took the form of a gift of Yen 100, Japanese friends adding Yen 2,441. Increasing calls for trained evan¬ gelistic-social workers come from all missions. With a friendly atti¬ tude abroad there is no limit to such community and house-to-house in¬ struction. 108 THE WOMAN'S BOARDS II. Problems 1. To secure and provide for re¬ cruits. While every mission calls, two instances only can be cited here: Just when Japan's need is acute our force of workers is unusually low, and volunteers have for the most part chosen other fields. The Plum Blossom School, Osaka, with nearly 500 students, is insufficiently staffed. Several “one-woman sta¬ tions" ask for relief, such as Mae- bashi, Tottori, Sendai; while Mi- yzaki has waited long and Mat- their own dialect! But this means (1) two consecrated lives and (2) two new salaries, for the two mis¬ sionaries now there are self-sup¬ porting. 2. There is the ever-present prob¬ lem of building and repairs. For several years the Jubilee gift of $250,000 was available for this pur¬ pose and many needs were met. Now we are faced by constantly oc¬ curring opportunities of this sort without the resource of a definite fund, and it is difficult to carry such extra sums, running often into the Graduate Teachers, Girls' School, Smyrna Has Opened Branch for Turkish Students Only— Money Raised for New Building When Peace Comes in the Near East suyama's two big schools, just now in most promising condition, should have a larger American force in charge. In the far-away isolated Pacific island ofKusaie two sisters have for ten years developed the boarding school, while at the same time “for knitting work" they have trans¬ lated and printed sections of the Bible. They ask for two young women to relieve them at the school that they may give all their time to the completion of this great work. What a joy and honor for the Board to make it possible to give to that island group the Word of God in thousands, in the same budget of “Pledged Work" as our salaries, general work and current expenses. The individual donor, often our hope in such emergencies in the past, is still an allowed blessing under the Congregational World Movement. To any such the Board can offer attractive building oppor¬ tunities ranging from a dormitory on the beautiful new site of the Smyrna Collegiate Institute to one of the several little village school- houses we ought to erect each year at a cost of about $500. 3. The general work must have larger support in these days of high THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 109 costs. Food and fuel should be pro¬ vided not in extravagant measure or quality, but adequate for hard¬ working teachers and growing girls. “We get along on as little as we can” is a policy we should be ashamed to have our missionaries pursue. The very fact, also, of a well-equipped plant like the Ma¬ dura Hospital, calls for funds to use the equipment efficiently. Any¬ thing less is a waste of power. 4. Salaries of missionaries must be readjusted to give them a suit¬ able living income, on a like basis with those paid by the American $7,000 Needed Here At Once Women’s Hospital at Ahmednagar, India, Must Have Sanitary Water System and More Doctors Board after careful revision. The sum once paid to the Bible women and native teachers proves too small now for daily needs. 5. Union efforts like the three colleges, Madras and Vellore Med¬ ical, India, and Peking, China, and the Christian Literature Com¬ mittee, should not be denied increasing support. III. Program 1. To secure as soon as possible 29 workers, qualified in education¬ al, evangelistic, medical or social lines, for all of whom salaries, out¬ fits and traveling expenses must also be sought. 2. To maintain present buildings on the fields in suitable repair; to furnish as far as possible additional equipment where it is needed; to put before the constituency any op¬ portunity which arises for enlarge¬ ment of influence through a new building. To these ends are the fol¬ lowing definite projects: To secure $7,000 that Ahmedna¬ gar Hospital may be supplied with a first-class substitute for a sewer¬ age system—a septic tank; and to renew several outbuildings so that they will be serviceable to the hos¬ pital. To answer the call of the Arup- pukottai boarding school and give $7,500 for an additional building. At present it is reported by a mem¬ ber of the mission that “outside of Capron Hall there is not a girls’ boarding school in the Madura Mis¬ sion on which a Board secretary or a government official would look with respect.” To relieve the village school stress in Ceylon by a grant of $1,500 and thereafter to continue adding one- two-three or more such school houses annually at a cost of $500 each, that the foundation of the whole school system may be secure. Having secured on advantageous terms a much-needed new site for the Matsuyama (Japan) Girls’ School, to secure now $9,300 that the old buildings on the property may be put in condition for use. 3. To be fair and business-like in the matter of a new-standard sal¬ ary for our devoted and able mis¬ sionaries; to keep our present na¬ tive workers, and insure a still larger force, by granting them the annual payment which is essential under new living conditions. 4. To provide more adequately for the “general work” in order to keep it properly balanced with the new workers and larger facilities. To do this $22,000 at least should be appropriated for the general work as increase over last year. 110 THE WOMAN’S BOARDS The Emperor's Representative Leaving Kobe College Taken at the Gate by the Official Photographer Miss DeForest Walks With the Representative, Miss Searle With One of His Retinue. The Student Body Is at Attention. The Music Building in the Background. THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 111 The WOman’s Board of Missions of the Interior 1921 Budget Expected From Churches.$253,500.00 Other Income.. . 25,000.00 - $278,500.00 Appropriations, 1920—Salaries . .. . $58,392.35 Work . .. . 60,864.35 $119,256.70 Estimated necessary increase. 29,814.30 Missionaries on furlough. 9,448.35 Travel of missionaries and outfit grants... . 37,405.25 Additional grants to field. 17,362.60 Loss in exchange. 49,389.24 Administration . 32,000.00 Buildings and Property Bulgaria . ... $25,000.00 Mexico . .. . 11,000.00 Greece . .. . 14,000.00 India . ... 12,000.00 China . .. . 12,000.00 Japan . ... 25,000.00 Africa . 1,000.00 $100,000.00 Training candidates . 1,000.00 Union Work . 5,000.00 $400,676.44 This budget does not balance. The real needs are greater than the prospective income. The case is thus presented to the churches, believing that faith and loyalty at home will rise to meet the devotion and achievement of the workers on the field. 112 THE WOMAN’S BOARDS RESULTS OF SUCCESS The Woman’s Board of the Interior has completed its Jubilee for fifty years of devoted service in the mission field. Scattered in many lands its force of 100 missionaries have built up an efficient line of schools and boarding schools, of colleges and hospitals which have profoundly influenced the life of women in those nations. American women have been paying their debt of liberty, prosperity and happiness to some of their less favored sisters. If no new needs for advancing work arose from year to year it would prove that the work had failed. Success brings growing pains in every thriving institution. If the home churches could see these crowded rooms filled with ir¬ resistibly attractive pupils, could see the changes wrought in their lives, homes and towns, and could see those others “without the gate,” no appeal would need to be uttered for 1921. These words of report and of description will bring the work a bit closer to the earnest hearts that read. Schools for Girls Girls, dark-eyed, sometimes timid, always questioning, not yet sure of the new paths and yet coming to feel a passionate confidence in the teachers from afar who are leading them into the new ways. These are the girls in our boarding schools. African Girls April 28, 1920, was Commencement Day at Dondi, the first Com¬ mencement Day the people there ever saw. A large room bright with Portuguese and American flags, crowds of people, melodious music of the type peculiar to the African race, all this was gay and festive, but the feature that made the deepest impression was the fact that girls appeared on the platform and read papers of their own writing. Where now is the age-old conviction, deep in every African breast, that girls don’t count, that though well enough as tillers of the soil and bearers of children, they have no minds? And now the Dondi Training School is calling for a new depart¬ ment. The girls in nearby villages have no school. The Training School students have no opportunity for actual experience in teaching. The solution proposed is the establishment in Dondi of'a Practice School into which the wild little village girls can be gathered and in which the Training School students can get their experience in actual teaching. The expense involved for the first year is $1,200; $200 for running expenses, $1,000 for a building. Chinese Girls They are to have a new building in Canton. They have needed it for ten years, and more. Two of the American teachers have been living in a mat shed whose roof leaks and whose floor is flooded whenever it rains. The school itself has been housed in a temporary building put up ten years ago and intended to tide over for a year or two but still in use today. Work on the new building is begun, but materials and labor THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 113 are high in Canton and the building is costing more than was expected. An additional $10,000 is necessary and even that does not make it pos¬ sible to buy the land needed for recreation and for protection from such objectionable neighbors as a gambling den or a pig pen. In four other centers in China buildings are under way which it is not possible to complete with moneys in hand. The Future Looks Bright. China Will Pass From Shadow to Light. These Children Will Have Their Part in the New Day. Japanese Girls Five hundred of them in Kobe College and Academy and hundreds more on the waiting list. The mental caliber of these girls is such and their work after leaving school is such that the Japanese government almost unasked granted the college recognition as a College of first rank, grading it as the co-equal of colleges for men. But in order to maintain this standard it must have endowment and a more adequate campus and equipment. One million dollars does not seem a large sum to meet the needs of a Smith or a Mt. Holyoke. Is Kobe’s request for $500,000 within five years for property and equipment and another $400,000 for endow¬ ment unreasonable? Bulgarian Girls They had a hard time during the war. Meat, fats, milk and eggs were unattainable while wheat, vegetables and fruits were scarce and high-priced. But these girls and their parents even in such straits believe in education. Students crowded into our school in Samokov, in spite of high fees and the discomforts of a building so dilapidated that rain came through the roof and wintry blasts through a thousand cracks and crevices while gymnastics were out of the question lest the whole should 114 THE WOMAN'S BOARDS collapse on the heads of the girls. Since the war the Bulgarian govern¬ ment has registered its estimate of the value of the school by a gift of land on the outskirts of Sofia, the Capital, for a new site. The only condition attached to this gift is that suitable modern buildings be erected within a given time. At least $100,000 will be needed for this purpose, $40,000 within a year. Turkish Girls Turkish girls? Is it not rather Armenian girls we mean? Yes, it is Armenian girls. We would never for one moment forget our obliga¬ tions to the girlhood of this martyr race, but the races and religions have gotten strangely mixed in Turkey during these turbulent years and it is Turkish girls too today. Our touch with them is somewhat casual still and comes to us largely through relief, industrial work, orphanages, but throughout the length and breadth of Asia Minor thousands of Turkish women and girls have come to interpret the word American as meaning food for the hungry, care for the sick and for little children and work for untrained hands which will make life and self-respect possible. They don’t yet recognize the spirit of Christianity as that which actu¬ ates these strange American missionaries. It will take years and many Christ-filled lives to complete the task, but as surely as recent years have seen unparalleled suffering and upheaval, so surely has a begin¬ ning been made in the great task of giving the gospel to the Turk also. Training Schools The Lucy Perry Noble Bible School in Madura has a fine location outside the city with ample grounds and good new buildings. It has 90 girls and women in training and could easily have 150, some from adjoining missions, if there were a faculty large enough to handle them. It has as an adjunct an industrial department, already self-supporting, which enables students to earn a part of their own support and helps other needy women and girls. Miss Swift has single-handed built up this great work and is also brain and guiding hand for a woman’s move¬ ment in the city whose chief purpose is to bring home to native Christian women their duty to have a part in the personal work of extending Christ’s kingdom. But Miss Swift is no longer young. An associate for her should have been in training two years ago. To delay longer in sending a new worker would mean not only cruel neglect but the jeopardizing of a fruitful work which now apparently depends solely for its maintenance on one human life. One new missionary should start for Madura at once, another within a year or two. The need for addi¬ tional workers is hardly less urgent in other fields. The salary of a missionary together with travel and outfit and other grants averages $1,350 per year. The W. B. M. I. in 1920 sent 19 missionaries to the field. Of these five went to fill vacancies for which theoretically at least the salary is provided. Fourteen are new workers for whose support new money must be found. •> $1,350 x 14 = $18,900 i THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 115 Medical Work Until recently the hospital work in Fenchowfu was conducted in an old Chinese building with paper in the windows instead of glass. As one accomplishment of our Golden Jubilee gift, there is now a suitable building known as the Kate Ford Whitman Hospital, but alas, the money gave out before the building was completed or equipped. With¬ out additional help it cannot do its beneficent work. Nearly all patients pay something. The average charge for a dispensary visit including the fee for drugs and surgical dressings is equal to two days’ wages of a local unskilled laborer. During the first eighteen days of September five women were brought to the hospital for the operation known as Miss Sawyer's Helpers In Fenchow. As Superintending Nurse She Trains Her Helpers, Even Translating the Books They Use. Caesarean section. Mother and child, ten lives were at stake, but because of the late arrival of two of the patients, there was left a chance for only eight lives. Of these eight lives, seven were saved. A woman physician and a trained nurse for this hospital are two of the five medical workers (three doctors and two nurses) the W. B. M. I. has sent to China within two years. Only women can effectively MINISTER TO THE PHYSICAL NEEDS OF ORIENTAL WOMEN AND YET, AFTER MORE THAN A CENTURY OF MISSIONS, THERE IS BARELY ONE WOMAN PHYSICIAN TO A MILLION WOMEN IN CHINA, AND NOT ONE TO A MILLION in Moslem lands. 116 THE WOMAN’S BOARDS The Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific Kindergartners At Play Union Kindergarten Training School, Foochow, China “Now I know how it feels to be a grandmother!” exclaims Miss Bertha Allen as she returns from a real Pauline tour among her alum¬ nae at their work. Six choice girls from the graduating class last Feb¬ ruary: four Anglican, one Metho¬ dist, and one of the American Board, all immediately placed in important places, four in Foochow, one to build up a new school in Iiokchiang, and one to the far corner of Hinghwa where even the dialect is different, but where an eager people had long waited. Sev¬ eral more could have been placed if it had been possible to have had them ready. These girls open new social centers, start thriving Sunday Schools, reach the mothers in neg¬ lected homes, and win and train the children who are the Hope of China. The other co-operating Boards are represented in the Faculty and the running expenses, but we are to supply the plant. Wanted at once— An American Kindergartner to take Miss Allen’s place while on furlough. $9,000 for an Administration Building upon beautiful property already secured. $105 for an Auxiliary Kinder¬ garten for one of the next graduates. Elizabeth Memorial Hospital, Lintsing, China A young woman physician, trained in California’s best insti¬ tutions, a Native Daughter, Dr. Alma Locke Cooke, sails in Novem¬ ber for this waiting field. She will have a gem of a hospital, sur- THE WOMAN’S BOARDS 117 rounded by millions of needy women and children, but no equip¬ ment. Lintsing must have— A trained nurse to work with Dr. Cooke Instruments and other equipment More funds for upkeep. “We must turn to our friends at home if the work is to be supported as it should be, and the fine plant set in running order.” —Dr. Helliwell. Wai, India A Moving Picture Cataracts and all Eye Diseases Surgical cases in great variety Opium babies Children fearfully burned Wasting fever Distressing intestinal disorders Women afflicted beyond de¬ scription. “Privileges and opportunities ex¬ ceed our strength and resources, but we offer daily thanks for the su¬ preme privilege of being allowed to spend our lives in such service”— Dr. Lester Beals and Dr. Rose Beals. Are we going to supply these re¬ sources? A nurse to assist Dr. Rose Beals Funds that the maternity ward may never be closed. Turkey Brousa, our first love, almost fifty years ago, bound to become a very prominent city when political matters are adjusted in Turkey. “A magnificent building splen¬ didly located” on a commanding hillside, put up by our Board, and dedicated Christmas Eve, 1880. It must have an added lot that will cost $1,000. A Methodist friend gives the first $10. A teacher must be sent this year. Who would not love to work with such a trio—Allen, Jillson, Par¬ sons! There are 150 new pupils, a work for boys, evening schools, and relief work in the orphanages! Money to hold our own! Money for reconstruction! Japan “Is Japan going to stay on the map?” The Survey asked for 29 The Hospital At Wai, India 118 THE WOMAN’S BOARDS The Miriam Choir women from the three Woman’s Boards. We must send one to The Doshi- sha. The Miriam Choir which Miss Clapp Drills. They have sung much together; sing unaccompanied, taking the pitch from the fork, sing on alter¬ nate Sundays in The Doshisha Chapel because a mixed choir is tabooed. Music is the key! The key that attracts to the Christian school, the key also by which the Chris¬ tian girl opens her own home to guests, the Sunday School to the youth of Japan, and the way to her own place in the community life. What a delight to present such a key as that to Japan! New Work The man from Macedonia stands in every land. At the door of our nearest neighbor, Mexico; we only await the word to advance. And in far Gogoyo in Por¬ tuguese East Africa. For a stretch of 600 miles there is not one friend to be found for the black girls— they can lift no cry that would be heard this side of Heaven; in all the earth there are none more tightly bound in the shackles or more help¬ less when caught in the traps set for them. “And after we had seen the vision, immediately we en¬ deavored to go!!” $3,000 for new work! THE AMERICAN BOARD AND WOMAN’S BOARDS 119 WHO WILL GO? A Challenge to Students The quality of our missions depends on the quality of our mis¬ sionaries. Are we to secure a new generation of Robert Humes, Arthur Smiths, Corinna Shattucks and Mary Edwards who shall be able to grasp and solve the vitally important problems of missions in this age of strong Oriental self-consciousness? We must ask the Church to give us of their noblest men and the choicest women for this task. The outstanding need of the Board is for 55 ordained men with the best equipment of our best seminaries. It will be their work to train native Christian leaders and stimulate the native church, to initate social and evangelistic efforts in city and country—for the educated leaders of the great Eastern peoples and for the wild Moro of the Phil¬ ippines—to be expert leaders in religious education, to edit periodicals and to produce Christian literature. Not less important than the need of ordained men is that of women of reli¬ gious training to lead in bringing the Christian message into the homes of the Orient. The Kobe Evangelistic School is helping to solve that problem. One of the urgent needs is for an American woman equipped to teach in that key in¬ stitution. For this and other forms of evangelistic service, the three Woman’s Boards are now looking for 8 women. In Ahmednagar, India, is a woman’s hospital and nurses’ training school in a fine site and with an extensive plant. It is the only hospital for women and children within a radius of 75 miles. The hospital and city work far surpass the capacity of its one American woman doctor. Only faith and grit have kept her from breaking under the load. We are eagerly searching for another doctor for this great work. Five similar posi¬ tion for women doctors in other fields must be filled, while we need 18 male doctors for positions of almost unlimited need and opportunity. Three million people in the famous Shantung Province in China have nowhere to turn for modern medical treatment but to the American Board station at Lintsing. A finely qualified doctor has gone to the hospital at Lint¬ sing, but its work is crippled for lack of an American nurse. A chance to make one’s life count to the utmost. We have no less than 14 unfilled nursing positions of similar importance in com¬ munity and hospital, scattered over our world field. The Board is looking for a male educator of large caliber to join the permanent staff of the fine Union Aca¬ demy at Canton. The Union Training School of Ahmednagar is without a prin¬ cipal. Madura College needs a science teacher. We have 10 unfilled educational positions for permanent workers in col¬ leges and academies and as supervisors of schools. In the City of Marsovan, in a large mission station in the healthy uplands of Armenia, the Woman’s Board has a girls’ boarding school which through the resourcefulness and intrepid courage of its principal carried on through the war. “No institution in the interior of Turkey has had so powerful and uplifting an in¬ fluence on womanhood as this Girls’ School.” It urgently needs as an addition to its meagre staff an American woman with especial qualifications in science. Twenty-five similar teaching positions of great importance in kindergarten, training school, boarding school and col¬ lege in many lands await American wo¬ men of vision and consecration. Asia Minor is one of the richest agri¬ cultural regions in the world. In Har- put there is ready to hand a farm of 300 acres. A beginning has been made toward securing stock, tools, etc. We need an agriculturist of vision and re¬ sourcefulness to develop a great agricul¬ tural department in Euphrates College. We urgently need other agricultural teachers, as well as industrial experts. Is Japan to remain reactionary, bureaucratic and militaristic or is it to join the world of liberal democratic na¬ tions? Doshisha needs a short-term teacher of English, a man who has just graduated from college and can go out for three years. For similar teaching po¬ sitions or for institutional work for stu¬ dents the Board is now looking for 7 consecrated college graduates. 120 OTHER OBJECTS OTHER OBJECTS Good causes which have had a hearing in our churches find it diffi¬ cult to secure support in the face of the concerted movements of the denomination. It seems necessary therefore to include some of these causes. The American Bible Society The American Bible Society is well known as the agency which for many years has provided Bibles for work in the mission fields both at home and abroad. Until the day of denominational drives it was pos¬ sible for this interdenominational society to secure contributions of con¬ siderable amount from the Congregational churches of the United States. Recognizing the fact that the society can no longer secure such cooperation, the modest sum of $5,000 is included in the total budget. The Federal Council The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America brings together more than thirty denominations for cooperative approach to religious problems. Its various commissions make possible cooperative effort, as for example, the Commission on Evangelism promotes common approach to that subject. In place of appeals by the Council to the local church, the sum of $5,000 is included in this budget. Congregational Chaplains The United States Army makes allocations to the several denomina¬ tions of the number of chaplains which those denominations may pro¬ vide. Congregationalists furnish about fifteen. In the past nothing has been done in the way of equipping these men with the necessary requisites. Other denominations are doing this liberally. $5,000 for our men will provide a modest contingent fund for each of them. We can do no less. The Congregationalist and Advance The Congregationalist and Advance is the national organ of our Congregational churches. Like other denominational journals of high rank, The Congregationalist and Advance is unable to make profits and has been subsidized for years by our Publishing Society. The over¬ whelming increase in wages, paper and other manufacturing costs have so burdened the Publishing Society that an appropriation to enable The Congregationalist and Advance to maintain its high standard of service and strengthen it for the good of the denomination has been put into the budget of the Congregational World Movement for $15,000. The American Church in Paris The large number of American students in the French capital, supplemented by a continuous stream of American tourists and business people, make this church an important factor in the religious life of Paris. It has been arranged that several denominations shall unite in underwriting its needs. Our share, $20,000. RESOURCES 121 RESOURCES Is It Asking Too Much? A Majority of the Churches Have Already Reached the Standard $5,000,000 is a large sum. Can it be spared from the pockets of Congregationalists? If it can be spared, is it reasonable to hope that the appeal for it will be successful? Are pastors and church committees justified in asking on this scale? We have had a practical demonstration of both the ability and desire of the Congregational people of America to do this thing. The first presentation was made in April and May of 1920. After the churches had subscribed apparently the full $2,000,000 of the apportionment, an additional $3,000,000 was asked for, and substantially two-thirds of the churches, or less, responded to the appeal. $2,000,000 or more was sub¬ scribed in consequence; that is, less than two-thirds of our churches have evidently subscribed more than two-thirds of the Emergency Fund in addition to meeting their full apportionment . These are small churches as well as large. It is reasonable to conclude that when all the churches have had time to adjust themselves to the new program, we may expect a full return of the complete budget. FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL WORLD MOVEMENT Campaign of 1920 Amount subscribed for Regular Budget of the C. W. M. (Approx.) . $1,700,000.00 Conservative estimate of amount expected from churches not yet reported. 300,000.00 Add tional amount subscribed by States having special programs, including Hawaii (Approx.). . . . 1,450,000.00 Several States received subscriptions for causes other than C. W. M., amounting to. 100,000.00 Total . $3,550,000.00 Increase over 1920 apportionment and C. W. M. re¬ turns to give $5,000,000 in 1921. 1,000,000.00 Moreover, it is much more opportune to present the appeal regu¬ larly than to ask for an extra. This is particularly true in view of the fact that the Emergency Fund was raised immediately after the pledging of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund, and when the war drives were scarcely out of memory. We now have fewer distractions, fewer extra appeals; we are or¬ ganized for education and promotion; we have the educational value of the Emergency campaign behind us; the Every Member Canvass system is generally installed, and the denominational morale was never better. Congregational pastors and committees would seem to have good ground for confidence in presenting the budget. RESOURCES 122 Is It Too Much? It means a modest amount from each subscriber . $5,000,000 from 808,000 mem¬ bers means $6.18 per capita, or twelve cents per week per capita. This is a dangerous approach, let it be confessed. There is not the remotest possibility of securing anything like per capita giving. Nevertheless it helps us to realize the size of the task and to see how comparatively small the sum really is. Even if a considerable number The above table may be reduced to the terms of the local church by dividing the total by the number which will reduce 808,000 members to the number of members in the particular church. Of course there will be wide variations due to local conditions, particularly in the num¬ ber of large givers and in the aggregate amount of their giving. Of course it is remembered that there are other causes to be sup¬ ported, but next to the current ex- do nothing, and the majority are inclined to do less than twelve cents a week, remembering that income varies widely, it is not too much to expect the giving portion of the church to make up, and more, what is wanting in this com¬ paratively small amount. To give a concrete idea of the reasonableness of the asking, the following table is presented as an approach to the question: penses of the local church the de¬ nominational missionary enterprise would seem to be a preferred claim and the above is intended to show that the amount asked is not so large but that other claims can be met without embarrassment to Christian people. This page should also make clear that what is needed is the general enlistment of the rank and file of the membership in the support of benevolent causes. IS THIS AN IMPOSSIBILITY ? 808,000 MEMBERS 5,000 contributing in large amounts.$1,000,000 5,000 members at $1.50 per week. 360,000 10,000 members at $1.00 per week. 520,000 10,000 members at 75 cents"per week. 390,000 30,000 members at 50 cents per week. 780,000 60,000 members at 25 cents per week. 780,000 125,000 members at 10 cents’per week. 650,000 230,000 members at 5 cents per week. 598,000 333,000 members who cannot be prevailed upon to give. 0 808,000 members.$5,098,000 Conclusion.—$5,000,000 is not too much for the missionary enterprises of the Congregational Churches. RESOURCES 123 Is It Too Much? Our Fathers Gave More Liberally Than Is Required Now The accompanying chart pre¬ sents graphically the demands of the present budget as compared with the actual giving thirty years ago. It is certainly a low estimate to say that income today is 150% greater than it was thirty years ago. (Line 1.) The per capita giving in 1890 was $16.49, in 1900 $15.31, in 1910 $16.08 and in 1919 $19.73. 150% increase over 1890 would mean $41.22. This is decidedly more than is asked for. The bud¬ get calls for a per capita giving of $22.00, if there be no increase in current expenses for other benevo¬ lences. If we make an increase of $2,000,000 in pastors’ salaries, another increase of $1,000,000 in other current expenses and benevo¬ lences, add $1,000,000 as payable on the Pilgrim Fund within twelve months, together with the total $5,000,000 of this budget, our per capita giving would then be but $28.46, or only 72.6% more per capita than was given in 1890 over against an ability of 150% greater than in the latter year; that is, our total askings together with liberal allowance for other increases call for only one-half as much increase in giving as we have enjoyed in¬ crease in resources. There were no automobiles in 1890; there were no movies in 1890. In thirty years we have learned how to spend prodigiously; in the same time we have not learned how to give with equal liberality. Clearly what is needed is the enlisting of the interest of our people. We are now prepared to give in frmation to develop interest and- to follow these up with practical plans of soliciting subscriptions. Again, it would seem clear that there is good ground for confidence in presenting the budget to our churches. 200 % 175% 150% 125% 100 % 75% 50% 25% 0 % 25 % 50 % AS WE HAV E PRC )SPJE& >ED A i i ii ii _ n ii ii; {! J s’ ~AS~\ A/E H/ WE C hvEt \ 1890 1900 1910 1920 Giving and Receiving _ Line 1 in the above graph represents 150% increase in average income. This is clearly a low estimate, for without doubt increase has been greater than that. Line 2 represents the per capita giving of Congregationalists for current expenses and all benevolences in 1890, 1900, 1910 and 1919. Point 3 shows where the line will go in 1921 if we raise the $5,000,000, but without increasing current expenses and other benevolences. Point 4 shows where it will go if we raise the $5,000,000 and add $3,000,000 for other giving; that is, $2,000,000 on pas¬ tors’ salaries and $1,000,000 on current expenses and other benevolences. Point 5 includes the same as 4, with the addition of $1,000,000 payable on the Pil¬ grim Memorial Fund within the year. Conclusion.—The increase in per capita giving asked for is less than one-half that of the increase in income in thirty years, and therefore reasonable. 124 RESOURCES Is It Too Much? If the Many Are Enlisted the Load Will Be Light A graphic representation of the proportion of a church’s member¬ ship which supports the church and its benevolent causes is a reve¬ lation to the average church. For giving such representation a simple chart is helpful. On the opposite page is reproduced from the Inter¬ church World Movement Survey such a typical chart. 1. Chart No. 1. Prepare a chart large enough to be seen by the entire congregation, with as many squares as there are mem¬ bers. For each family enclose as many squares as there are church members in the family in heavy lines. Then mark as shown in the legend one line for each member who is a regular subscriber to cur¬ rent expenses, and the other line for each member who is a sub¬ scriber to benevolences. This will show at a glance the proportion of the church membership which is supporting the church and the pro¬ portion which is supporting its benevolences. It will also indicate whether pledges are made by a single member of a family or by the individual members. 2. Chart No. 2. Another chart should be prepared on the same basis, but with similar marks indi¬ cating, first, the members who are active workers in the church or any of its departments, and the other, the number of members who are enrolled as Christian stewards. If each square in the second chart stands for the same member in the first chart, the relationship be¬ tween giving and working, and be¬ tween stewardship and giving, will be shown by comparison. It will be found that they who work, give, and that the reverse is true that they who give are the ones who may be called upon for service. It follows inevitably that to enlist givers is to recruit work¬ ers, and conversely, that to recruit workers is to enlist givers. In other words, the whole life of the church rises and falls with the ex¬ pression of Christian life in service and in contribution. 3. An Alternative Plan. The combination of the two charts in one may be better than the sepa¬ rate presentation. This would call for four marks in each square where a member should be credited on each count. This can be done with a horizontal line for workers and a perpendicular line for stew¬ ardship. It would help to have different colors for one set of marks. Conclusion.—$5,000,000 will be easily secured when the church membership is generally enlisted. RESOURCES 125 AN UNRELATED MEMBERSHIP □ = One Member Group of Squares = A Family \ = Contribution to Local Church / = Contribution to Benevolences X= Contribution to both Local Church and Benevolences RESOURCES 126 Is It Too Much? From the Standpoint of Stewardship the Amount Is Small The principles of stewardship as set forth in the accompanying en¬ rolment card are fundamentally Christian. Definite enrolment un¬ der these principles is a practical aid to vital Christian living. Roger W. Babson, the Christian statistician, estimates that the an¬ nual income of Congregationalists exceeds $2,000,000,000. If the tithe is thought of as an average percentage under Christian stew¬ ardship, this would yield $200,- 000,000. Suppose we consider Mr. Babson’s estimate excessive, and to be safe, cut it in two. A tithe of this would be $100,000,000. Sup¬ pose we assume that half of our people cannot be counted on to do anything. This would leave from the other half $50,000,000. Sup¬ pose half of the tithe were to go to maintain the church itself. This would double the current expenses of our churches. Suppose 25 per cent of the tithe were reserved for other benevolent objects. This would leave 25 per cent for denom¬ inational benevolences, and yield $12,500,000 annually, or two and a half times the $5,000,000. STEWARDSHIP ENROLMENT Principles 1. God is the owner of all. 2. I am His steward and must account to Him for all I have. 3. He requires of my Stewardship, as part of its expression, the setting apart of a definite proportion of my income for the extension of His Kingdom. Most proportionate givers with moderate incomes start with a tenth. Those with greater means will no doubt select a larger proportion. Accepting these principles, I purpose to set aside a definite proportion of my income to be given regularly to religious and charitable work. For this year I will set aside.per cent. Enrolment Name. Address. Church.Date. 192. . Taking one-half of Mr. Babson’s estimate, the average income of Congregational church members would be $1,250 per annum. If we suppose that one-half of our members will give nothing, we should then need from the other half one per cent of their income. Congregationalists may not be expected to contribute one per cent if they are not interested. A careful program of missionary education is therefore proposed to accompany a similar program of Christian stew¬ ardship. Conclusion.—$5,000,000 is not too much if the principles of Christian stewardship are honored. -V’ HOW TO USE THIS SURVEY 127 HOW TO USE THIS SURVEY IN MISSIONARY EDUCATION It is proposed that a series of pamphlets shall be issued suggest¬ ing in more detail the ways in which this Survey may be used educationally. The following gen¬ eral suggestions will be of imme¬ diate helpfulness: 1. For Pastors. This Survey will give Suggestions for Sermon Themes, Vivid illustrations of the power of the Gospel to meet human need, Facts and Figures useful in pre¬ senting a great variety of topics. 2. For the Mid-week Meet¬ ing. Interesting items regarding the latest achievements of the church and present needs on all our mission fields, at home and abroad. Materials may be found here for a series of comprehensive studies on the organization and work of our various Congregational missionary agencies, one each meeting, and this in the light of the very latest data. 3. For Missionary Societies and Mission Study Classes. Materials for the study of our Con¬ gregational work on all fields, at home and abroad, as suggested for the Mid-week Meeting. Materials for working up pro¬ grams on specific types of work or by which to illustrate from our own field the study of general topics, such as Medical Missions, Chris¬ tian Education, Americanization, and the like. 4. For the Church School. Good, up-to-date facts for instruc¬ tion in the work of our Congrega¬ tional Missionary Societies, such as is called for by our program of missionary education in the church schools. Fresh, vivid illustrations of the Bible teaching, drawn from the life of our own day and the work of our own churches. Diagrams suggesting graphic and interesting methods of presenting missionary information. Abundant materials for working up programs and dramatizations. Information upon which to base the choice of missionary projects of study and service. 5. For Young People’s So¬ cieties. Information and illustra¬ tions for the general missionary topics. Program materials for a series of meetings at which the work of our Congregational agencies in this and other lands shall be discussed. Information regarding the work of all the Boards so presented as to give an intelligent idea of their re¬ lations to the whole Christian enterprise. 6. For the Church School of Missions. A good program may be made up for such a school out of materials in this Survey. Our Con¬ gregational work may be studied either by Societies, supplementing the facts given in the Survey by reference to the missionary maga¬ zines and printed matter furnished by the Societies; or, by types of work, showing what we are doing in Education, Medical Missions, etc. I* In connection with such a series a program for the general assembly might be worked out by having each group in turn present an orig¬ inal program setting forth the work of one Society or type of work. A general title may be chosen for such a series, such as Congregationalism at Work, or the title of the Survey itself may be used to link the whole plan^together. UNIVERSITY OF ILLiNOIS LIBRARY 128 | AN ; ; _ 1(!01 _CONCLUSION CONCLUSION The Congregational World Movement Commission, initiated by the National Council and constituted by it in cooperation with the state conferences, presents the foregoing survey of our missionary and educa¬ tional enterprise, and with clear conviction bases upon it the following specific conclusions: 1. $5,000,000 is the minimum amount needed for our Missionary and Educational work in 1921. The needs and opportunities would justify a very much larger amount, but your Commission has felt that the churches are not as yet prepared to respond to a larger appeal than $5,000,000. 2. Congregationalists have the resources with which to meet this budget without strain or without embarrassment to other causes. It is our conviction, moreover, that the meeting of it will add to the spir¬ itual life and practical effectiveness of the churches themselves. 3. We are persuaded that the members of the Congregational churches are disposed to support the Missionary and Educational work of the denomination which has been built up through generations of sacrificial labor and devoted giving. We believe that what is needed is simply the giving of information, together with practical opportunity for cooperation. 4. We are convinced that three things are essential to the success of this program: (a) the securing of widespread commitment to the gen¬ eral principles of stewardship; (b) the dissemination of definite informa¬ tion regarding our missionary work, and (c) the general installation of a practical plan or plans of securing subscriptions. 5. Following instructions, therefore, your Commission has pro¬ vided for a campaign of stewardship enrolment, a definite program of missionary education and propaganda for extending the use of the Every Member Canvass for securing subscriptions. We appeal to the pastors and churches for their eager cooperation in furthering these plans. 6. We are convinced that participation in this comprehensive program of Missionary and Educational work will contribute to the deepening of the spiritual life of the churches, and with it the promotion of their effectiveness in the immediate work of those churches. Your Commission is confident therefore that the denomination as a whole will respond to the needs and opportunities herein presented with hearty cooperation. There is cause for gratitude in the degree of response made to the Emergency appeal, and in this response is found ground for the expectation of still further and constant cooperation. For the Commission, LUCIEN C. WARNER, Chairman. HERMAN F. SWARTZ, Executive Secretary. ADDRESSES American Board.Rev. C. H. Patton, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Church Extension Boards.Rev. C. E. Burton, Gen. Sec. Home Miss. Society.Rev. Frank L. Moore Church Bldg. Society.Rev, James Robert Smith_ Sunday School Extension SocietyRev. W. K.'Bloom American Missionary Assoc.Rev. George L. Cady, 287 Fourth Ave,, N. Y. Congregational Education Soc.Rev. F. M. Sheldon, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass, Ministerial Relief.Rev. W. A. Rice, 375 Lexington Ave., N. Y. Annuity Fund and Pilgrim Memorial Fund.Rev. C. S, Mills, 375 Lexington Ave., N. Y, Woman’s H. M. Federation.Miss Miriam F. Choate, 289 Fourth Ave., N. Y, Woman’s Board of Missions. .Miss Helen B. Calder, 14 Beacon St.,Boston,Mass. Woman’s Board of Missions (Interior) Mrs. L. L, Davis, 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. Woman’s Board of Missions (Pacific) Miss Elizabeth S. Benton, 760 Market St,, San Francisco, Cal. (287 4th Ave, | New York State Offices N. California Conference...Rev. L. D. Rathbone, 760 Market St. San Fran¬ cisco. S. California Conference.Rev. Geo. F. Kenngott, 831 So, Hope St., Los Angeles Connecticut Miss. Society.. .Rev. Sherrod Soule, Congregational House, Hart¬ ford Illinois Conference.J. W. Iliff, Treas., 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago Indiana u .Rev. John Humfreys, Angola, Ind, Iowa * Rev. P. A. Johnson, Grinnell, Iowa Kansas “ .Rev. John B. Gonzales,Washburn College, Topeka Maine “ Rev. Charles Harbutt, 95 Exchange St., Portland Massachusetts H. M. Soc.Rev. F. E. Emrich, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Michigan Conference.Rev. J. W. Sutherland, Lansing Minnesota “ Rev. Everett Lesher, 525 Lumber Exchange, Minneapolis Missouri * Rev. A. R. Atwood, Fountain and Aubert Aves., St. Louis Montana “ Rev. G. J. Powell, Billings Nebraska “ Rev. S. I. Hanford, 408 Ganter Bldg., Lincoln New Hampshire H. M. Soc.Rev. E. R. Steams, 53 No. Main St., Concord New York Conference.Rev. C. W. Shelton, 287 Fourth Ave., N. Y. North Dakota “ .Rev. E. H. Stickney, 1117 Fifth St., Fargo Ohio “ .Rev. E. S. Rothrock, 801 Hippodrome Bldg., Cleveland Oregon. * Rev. A. J. Sullens, Box 905, Portland, Oregon Rhode Island * Rev. G. A. Burgess, 114 Westminster St., Provi¬ dence South Dakota u .Rev. W. H. Thrall, P. O. Box 138, Huron Vermont H. M. Soc.Rev. C. C. Merrill, 83 Brookes Ave., Burlington Washington Conference... .Rev. L.O. Baird, Plymouth Cong’lChurch, Seattle Wisconsin “ .Rev. L. C. Talmage, 14 Marston Block, Madison Middle Atlantic District (New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, D. C., Va., W. Va.).Rev. C. W. Carroll, 133 So. 63rd St., Philadelphia Rocky Mountain District (Colo., Utah, Wyo.).Rev. W. J. Minchin, 219 Guardian Trust Bldg., Denver Southeast District (N. C., S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Mo., Tenn., Ky.).Rev. L. H. Keller, 9 West Ellis St., Atlanta, Ga. South Central District (Okla., La., Tex., Ark.).Rev. A. E. Ricker, 1707 Main St., Dallas, Texas Southwest District (New Mex., Ariz., Western Tex.).Rev. J. H. Heald, 505 Cliff St., El Paso, Tex. THE COMMISSION of the CONGREGATIONAL WORLD MOVEMENT OFFICERS Dr, Lucien C. Warner, Chairman..... New York Rev. Samuel H. Woodrow, Vice-Chairman..... Missouri Mr. Walter E. Bell, Treasurer. New York Miss Miriam F. Choate, Recording Secretary. New York ■ MEMBERS Rev. Chauncey C. Adams.Vermont Rev. Ernest Bourner Allen.Illinois Mr. Frank A. Arnold.New York Mr. Bruee Barton.New York Mr. C. S. Bates...New Hampshire Hon. Henry M. Beardsley.Missouri Mr. Walter E. Bell..New York Pres. John Bennett.Nebraska Pres. James A. Blaisdell.California Rev. Alfred V. Bliss.Massachusetts Rev. Robert E. Brown.Connecticut Rev. Hugh Elmer Brown.Illinois Mr. Walker Buckner...New York Mr. James N. Buffinton.Massachusetts Rev. James P. Burling.Iowa Rev. Charles E. Burton.New York Rev. George L. Cady.New York Miss Helen B. Calder.Massachusetts Rev. Howard J. Chidley.Massachusetts Miss Miriam F. Choate.New York Mr. Rolfe Cobleigh.Massachusetts Mr. W. Knowles Cooper... .District of Columbia Pres. Donald J. Cowling..Minnesota Rev. Ernest Ellsworth Day.California Rev. William Horace Day.Connecticut Rev. James D. Dingwell.Rhode Island Mrs. George L. Dunham ..............Vermont Rev. Chester B. Emerson.Michigan Mrs. Ernest A. Evans.New York Mr. A. W. Fagerstrum.Minnesota Rev. Frederick L. Fagley.New York Rev. Charles O. Grieshaber.Michigan Rev. Charles Harbutt ..Maine Mr. E. W. Hazen...Connecticut Mr. George W. Hopkins.New York Pres. E. Lee Howard.North Dakota Mr. Burton Jackson.New York Rev. P. Adelstein Johnson. .Iowa Mr. John E. Keene.Illinois Rev. Henry H. Kelsey. ..:.California Rev. Shepherd Knapp....Massachusetts Rev. A. E. Krom.Rhode Island Mr. Walter B. Lashar.Connecticut Rev. Alfred Lawless.Louisiana Rev. Everett Lesher.Minnesota Rev. George T. McCollum ..Illinois Mr. F. A. McCormack.Iowa Rev. William T. McElveen.Oregon Mr. John L. Malm.Colorado Rev. Fred. R. Marsh.Florida Rev. Horace C. Mason.Washi Rev. Irving Maurer. Rev. Chas. C. Merrill.Vermont Rev. Harry R. Miles.Connecticut Professor W. B. Mitchell.Maine Rev. John T. Nichols.. .Pennsylvania Mrs. E. A. Osbornson ......Illinois Rev. Alfred W. Palmer.Hawaii Rev. Cornelius H. Patton..Massachusetts Mr. Harry M. Pflager.Missouri Rev. Watson L. Phillips.Connecticut Rev. Rockwell Harmon Potter.Connecticut Rev. Henry H. Proctor..New York Rev. William A. Rice.New York Rev. Albert E. Ricker.Texas Pres. Walter H. Rollins.Kansas Rev. A. E. Roraback.New York Rev. Edgar 8. Rothrock.Ohio Mr. Winslow Russell.Connecticut Rev. George Savary.Indiana Mr. Dell A. Schweitzer.California Rev. Frank M. Sheldon.Massachusetts Rev. Charles W. Shelton.New York Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith.New York Rev. Frank G. Smith.Nebraska Mr. W. Grant Smith.Ohio Rev. Almon O. Stevens.Wisconsin Rev. E. H. Stickney.North Dakota Rev. Allen A. Stockdale.Ohio Mr. A. N. Stronach.Massachusetts Rev. Herman F. Swartz.New York Mr. William E. Sweet.Colorado Rev. L. Curtis Talmage.Wisconsin Rev. Henry E. Thayer.Kansas Rev. Lucius H. Thayer.New Hampshire Rev. W. Herbert Thrall.South Dakota Rev. Francis J. Van Horn.California Rev. John J. Walker....Massachusetts Mrs. Williston Walker.Connecticut Mr. Charles S. Ward.New York Prof. Frank G. Ward.Illinois Mrs. Franklin H. Warner.New York Dr. Lucien C. Warner.New York Mr. Lucien T. Warner.Connecticut Pres. Henry K. Warren.South Dakota Mr. John M. Whiton.. .New Jersey Rev. Samuel H. Woodrow.Missouri ■■a . >1 Ilf EXECUTIVE STAFF Rev. Herman F. Swartz, General Secretary... New York Rev. James E. McConnell, Assistant Secretary.. New York Rev. John L. Kilbon, Financial Secretary... .New York Rev. William W. Scudder, Secretary of Stewardship... New York Rev. Harry D. Sheldon, Superintendent of Distribution... New York Premium Press, Inc., N. Y. C.