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 UNIVERSITY OF 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 BULLETIN 
 
 “THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA” 
 
 Founded 1740 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa, July 15, 1922; Volume XXII, 
 No. 42. Published Weekly by the University. 
 Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa, Post Office as 
 second class matter. Acceptance for mailing at the 
 special rate of postage provided in Section 1103, 
 Act of October 3, 1917, Authorized July 29, 1918. 
 

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“THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA” 
 
 Founded 1740 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE PRESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 1922 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 
 
 https://archive.org/details/universityofpennOOsmit 
 
"“The University of Pennsylvania” 
 
 The oldest institution of collegiate grade in the State 
 of Pennsylvania is the University which bears its name. It 
 traces its beginning to the year 1740, and was instructing 
 and granting degrees in Arts and in Medicine, before the 
 Province of Pennsylvania had arrived at Statehood; indeed 
 before the Republic was formed. In other words, the Uni¬ 
 versity is older than the United States. It has, there¬ 
 fore, witnessed the development of every form of education 
 within and without the confines of the State, and has 
 enjoyed a large share in these movements. 
 
 In its infancy the University sent teachers into the 
 outlying districts of the Province, who taught the youth 
 without charge, all expenses being borne by the parent 
 institution in Philadelphia. Further, the University gave 
 to the Colonies the College Course, extending over four 
 years. This was the model curriculum for and was adopted 
 by sister institutions in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vir¬ 
 ginia, New York, Rhode Island and New Jersey. 
 
 The University’s Schools of Medicine and Law are the 
 oldest Schools of their kind connected with any University in 
 the country. With the College, these two great funda¬ 
 mental departments of Medicine and Law have always 
 held high rank among institutions doing similar work. 
 The Medical School was opened in 1765 by Dr. John 
 Morgan, afterward Physician-in-Chief in the Revolutionary 
 Army, while the founder of the Law School in 1791 was that 
 unique character James Wilson, who, it will be remembered, 
 
 *A statement prepared by a committee and read to the Trustees of the University on 
 November 3, 1922. 
 
was not only the guiding mind in the framing of the Federal 
 Constitution, but later, a distinguished Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. He, had been a 
 teacher in the University and was an alumnus by examina¬ 
 tion as well as honoris causa. The fame of these Schools 
 has gone to all parts of the world. To these Departments 
 have since been added the Dental School, the Veterinary 
 School, the Graduate School, the Wharton School of Finance 
 and Commerce, the Towne Scientific School (including 
 mechanical, civil, electrical and chemical engineering, along 
 with pure chemistry), the School of Education, the School 
 of Fine Arts, the School of Hygiene and Public Health, the 
 Evening School, the Graduate School of Medicine, the 
 University Museum, the Phipps Institute, the Flower 
 Astronomical Observatory, the University Hospital, the 
 Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, the Polyclinic Hospital and 
 others. 
 
 During the administration of Thomas Mifflin (of the 
 Class of 1760), first Governor of the Commonwealth, the 
 Legislature of the State, in approval of the admirable 
 suggestions of the two Boards of Trustees, in regard to the 
 union of the Old College, Academy and Charitable School 
 (1740) and the younger “University of the State of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania” (chartered under the Act of November 27, 1779), 
 gave prompt sanction and enactment to the suggested terms 
 of union of these two institutions under the more euphonious 
 name “The University of Pennsylvania”; and, that there 
 might never arise a question relative to the University's 
 relation to the State, declared by its present Charter-act, 
 passed on September 30, 1791, that the Governor of the 
 State “shall always be” (and he has ever since been) 
 President of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 Thus, the Legislature of the State affirmed and per¬ 
 petuated the provision of the first Constitution of the Com¬ 
 monwealth (written and advocated by George Bryan, a 
 
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Trustee) by which Constitutional provision, higher educa¬ 
 tion and its claims upon the State were made a part of the 
 organic law of the Commonwealth; for the mandate of this 
 first Constitution read: 
 
 “That all useful learning shall be encouraged and 
 promoted in one or more universities” 
 
 pursuant to which mandate “The University of the State of 
 Pennsylvania” was chartered by Act of 1779, as before 
 noted, and later united with the College under the present 
 Charter of 1791, and name of “The University of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania”, as also just mentioned. And, still bearing in 
 mind the University’s relation to the State, it is worthy 
 of note that Section 5 of the Charter-act of 1791 further 
 provides: 
 
 “That the Trustees shall annually lay a statement 
 of the funds of the Institution before the Legislature of 
 the Commonwealth.” 
 
 To the spirit and purpose of these Constitutional and 
 Legislative enactments, the University has ever remained 
 true and steadfast, not only to the Commonwealth but to 
 the world; and under the State’s honored name, “The 
 University of Pennsylvania”, the best endeavors of its 
 Trustees, devoted teachers and graduates have been given. 
 
 In a report to the Senate of Pennsylvania, in 1822 
 (one hundred years ago), by a Committee on Education, 
 there occur, under the heading UNI VERSI TIES , these 
 words: 
 
 “The Committee find but one Seminary of learning 
 of this grade, in actual operation, within the Common¬ 
 wealth. That is ‘The University of Pennsylvania’.” 
 
 The University’s place in the State’s growth and devel¬ 
 opment is beautifully portrayed in the famous painting by 
 Edwin Abbey, directly behind the Speaker’s desk in the 
 
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chamber of the House of Representatives in the Capitol 
 Building. There may be seen the figures of Provost William 
 Smith, Chief Justice William Allen, the sainted Bishop 
 William White, Governor Thomas McKean, and near these, 
 Anthony Wayne, and other University leaders and graduates. 
 
 It is quite natural, because of its early foundation, that 
 the University should have assisted her younger collegiate 
 sisters by gifts of graduates as charter trustees, professors 
 and presidents of many of them. And today, right glad are 
 they to work quietly and harmoniously with the University 
 in the common cause of education in its many forms through¬ 
 out the State. The University’s position among its sisters 
 is unique. 
 
 It will be recalled that of the 56 signers of the Declara¬ 
 tion of Independence 10 held allegiance to the University, 
 as did 7 of the 28 signers of the Constitution of the United 
 States, while in the halls of the Continental Congress were 
 24 graduates, and on the field, such men as Anthony Wayne 
 (4753), John Cadwalader (1760), devoted friend of Washing¬ 
 ton, who gallantly fought Conway, the leader of the Cabal 
 against the great Chieftain, and who today is so admirably 
 represented in the Board of Trustees by a lineal descendant 
 and namesake, the Hon. John Cadwalader (1862), Peter 
 Muhlenberg (1763), Jacob Brown (1790) and others of high 
 rank, including Washington (honorary LL.D.) whose birth¬ 
 day the University has observed as University Day for a 
 century. Wayne and Brown were, at different periods, the 
 Commanders-in-Chief of the American Army, as was George 
 B. McClellan (1844) of the Army of the Potomac during the 
 Civil War. This list, it may be noted, evidences the im¬ 
 portant role the sons of the University have played in the 
 life of the nation. 
 
 And to these heroes might properly be added the names 
 of many more; for, on the seas, Stephen Decatur (1796), 
 
 Jacob Jones (1790) and James Biddle (1799), renowned in 
 
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our Country’s history, carried the banner of the University 
 in their day. 
 
 Truly, the sun never sets on the sons of the University. 
 They have penetrated all portions of the globe. In the far 
 North—in the Arctic regions—are two Capes, Cape Leidy 
 and Cape John Frazer, recalling honored professors. They 
 were so designated by the indomitable Arctic explorer, 
 Elisha Kent Kane, of the Class of 1842. In Antarctic 
 regions also the University’s sons journeyed in the interests 
 of science and humanity. Their steps have been honorably 
 marked. 
 
 The University holds high the name of its immortal 
 founder—Franklin, diplomat and philosopher. In this 
 particular the University differs from most of its sisters, 
 but resembles the University of Virginia founded by Jeffer¬ 
 son. These two great Commoners, Franklin and Jefferson, 
 stood alone among the very distinguished men of the 
 United States, who actively participated in the cause of 
 higher education in the States they so ably represented in 
 the halls of Congress and elsewhere in the formative period 
 of our Government. 
 
 To medicine and law, the University, as observed, 
 added numerous departments of learning, theology alone 
 excepted. At one time Agriculture was included in its 
 curriculum, but in 1862, with the advent of the Land Grant 
 Bill, Mr. Meredith, then Attorney General of the State, 
 acting under the instruction of the Federal Government, 
 offered to the Trustees the opportunity of accepting the 
 benefits of the Bill for the University. Mr. Meredith, 
 formerly Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, 
 was an honored alumnus (1812), having served further 
 upon the Board from 1842 to 1859. For months the propo¬ 
 sition was sympathetically and earnestly discussed by the 
 Trustees, but, finally, it was agreed that Mr. Meredith 
 should convey to the Government the thanks and regrets 
 
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of the Board, with the recommendation that the recipient 
 of the fund should be Allegheny College in Crawford County. 
 However, Allegheny College was not made the beneficiary; 
 consequently for some time the Morrill Bill found no home 
 in Pennsylvania, until its transferral to the Pennsylvania 
 Agricultural College, now Pennsylvania State College, 
 where it has been judiciously applied with most excellent 
 success. The location of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 in Philadelphia, so ordained by its statutes, forbade or made 
 it impossible for it to engage in the promotion of agriculture, 
 but in medicine, in law, in science, in education, in finance 
 and commerce, in art, in literature, in veterinary medicine, 
 in dentistry, all of which find abundant aids for growth and 
 expansion, the University has gone steadily forward, not 
 only to its credit and honor, but to that also of the State and 
 Nation. A great city has promoted this progress, and in 
 turn the University has served City and State, in season and 
 out of season. The world at large has felt and recognized 
 the University’s influence. Quite recently the United Rail¬ 
 way System of Canada has been placed in the directing 
 control of an alumnus (Sir Henry W. Thornton, 1894), 
 who made England his debtor by the admirable and efficient 
 manner in which he administered its Great Eastern Railway 
 System; but years ago, J. I. Bidermann, of the Class of 
 1835, like manner, presided over the entire Government 
 Railway System of France. His career was, indeed, remark¬ 
 able. Then one recalls that just after the Revolution, 
 Rodney (1789) was United States Senator from Delaware 
 and Attorney General of the United States; Izard (1792), 
 Brigadier General of the United States Army and Governor 
 of Arkansas; Dickerson (1808), United States Senator and 
 Governor of New Jersey; Gordon (1808), Chief Justice of 
 Pennsylvania; Carroll (1811), Governor of Maryland; 
 Read (1812), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn¬ 
 sylvania; Mason (1818), United States Senator from Vir- 
 
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ginia; Gilpin (1833), Governor of Colorado; Walker (1819), 
 United States Senator from Mississippi, and Governor of 
 Kansas; Bibb (1801), Governor of Alabama. 
 
 If one were to ask for more recent examples of men of 
 eminence whose training was received in the University 
 and whose acts have had wide-reaching value, they may be 
 discovered among the occupants of the Bench and at the 
 Bar of our several Courts; in the Gubernatorial chair 
 through many years; in the high office of Attorney-General; 
 in the great financial centers; in the Legislature of the State 
 and in the Halls of Congress; and in places where exalted 
 talent finds freest expression. This is also true of our alumni 
 in other States, where they have won places of honor and 
 distinction in every learned profession and in every walk of 
 life, reflecting thereby credit on the State. Through them 
 the latter has received untold benefits in many and various 
 ways. 
 
 Time and space preclude the mention of the names of 
 these eminent leaders. They worthily represented their 
 Alma Mater, and glorified the State in which their education 
 was received. 
 
 It is a matter which causes reflection, serious indeed, 
 when it is realized that in the great Revolutionary struggle 
 hundreds of the University’s sons were engaged. This 
 occurred also in the War of 1812 and in that with Mexico, 
 while in the Civil War 2400 men in the Federal Army and 
 2400 in the Confederacy were sons of the University of 
 Pennsylvania. In the war with Spain they held important, 
 honorable positions, and in the great World War 8,750 of 
 them gave themselves gladly and promptly for the sake of 
 humanity. To their records as members of our Army and 
 Navy we may point with pride. Two hundred and twenty- 
 one made the great sacrifice in the World War. 
 
 At times the question obtrudes itself: What are the 
 products of an institution worthy the name of University? 
 
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Are they not, in addition to genuine teaching, those things 
 broadly termed research? Do not the studies of teachers 
 and students along lines extending the borders of human 
 knowledge constitute research? Yes, and from its earliest 
 days this thought has dominated the University of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania. In mathematics, in physics, in literature, in astron¬ 
 omy, in the classics, in short, in the humanities, the Uni¬ 
 versity’s contributions have been of the very highest order, 
 and for complete enumeration would require volumes. In 
 the sciences it has always been eminent. The earliest 
 American text book on Botany came from one of its pro¬ 
 fessors—Benjamin Smith Barton. The epoch making 
 paleontological work of Leidy and Cope has made the world 
 the University’s debtor. The photographs of moving 
 animals made by Muybridge at the University of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania have culminated in the enthralling “movies” of the 
 present. The value of anthracite coal as a source of heat 
 was first shown by James Woodhouse, 1787 College, 1792 
 Medical. In the great engineering feats of modern times 
 are evident the earlier discoveries of Robert Hare, Professor 
 of Chemistry. The filaments of incandescent electric lights 
 universally used are made possible by processes discovered 
 in the chemical laboratory of the University of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania. In connection with the important problems of 
 illumination valuable contributions have been made by the 
 University’s department of Electrical Engineering. Craw¬ 
 ford Long, 1839 Medical, first employed the anaesthetizing 
 power of ether in the performance of a surgical operation. 
 But, this is only a prelude to what may justly be expected 
 from the new Graduate School of Medicine, which is furnish¬ 
 ing a unique public service to the State and Nation, and is 
 already receiving the encomiums of the Medical Societies 
 and Medical Press at home and abroad, and justly so—for 
 the Pennsylvania Plan of graduate medical education is the 
 
 first and only coherent, comprehensive and realized expres- 
 
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sion of an ideal which has been fondly held in the minds of 
 the leaders of American medicine throughout the Country’s 
 history. This plan provides a wide standard pathway for 
 postgraduate medical progress, specialization and investiga¬ 
 tion in its Central Organization; and through its enlightened 
 plan of University Extension Postgraduate Medical Courses 
 it carries continuously the most advanced medical knowledge 
 to medical practitioners throughout the State. The School 
 co-operates with the State Department of Public Health in 
 the treatment and control of tuberculosis; and also of 
 venereal diseases. Indeed, the operations of the whole plan 
 accrue to the personal welfare of every citizen of the Com¬ 
 monwealth. In the recent words of the President of the 
 Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, “it is the 
 greatest thing of its kind in the world.” 
 
 The former Medico-Chirurgieal and Polyclinic Hos¬ 
 pitals are integral parts of the Graduate School of Medicine, 
 and through these two Hospitals and the University Hos¬ 
 pital (established in 1874) needed aid has been given gratis 
 for years to thousands who have sought and found relief 
 from suffering and disease. 
 
 To the interpretation of the story of Pennsylvania’s 
 great geological formations—to the gifts of natural gas and 
 oil, one must look for the names of H. D. Rogers, Professor 
 of Geology and Mineralogy, and J. Peter Lesley, 1838 
 College, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy—directors 
 of the several state geological surveys, for it was they who 
 quietly but patiently disclosed and unfolded the marvelous 
 mineral wealth of our State. To Daniel G. Brinton, Pro¬ 
 fessor of American Archaeology and Linguistics, is due the 
 interpretation of the records of the earliest civilization in 
 Central America. 
 
 The superficial observer may, perhaps, be ignorant of 
 the vast contributions emanating from the University, so 
 that it is quite proper to turn back the pages of its history, 
 
to visit its libraries, its laboratories, its shops and all places 
 where teachers and students give themselves to the problems 
 of disseminating and increasing human knowledge. 
 
 As one peruses the pages of the State’s Legislative 
 Record one finds abundant evidence of the unity of the 
 University and the State, so that as the needs of the former 
 have increased, in consequence of the efforts to care for the 
 education of the young men and women of the State, the 
 LIniversity has confidently looked to the State for that aid 
 which its University richly deserves. 
 
 And today, with its many Schools and Departments of 
 Instruction on a Campus of 115 acres, with seventy-two 
 buildings, serving as halls of instruction, laboratories, shops, 
 libraries, hospitals and dormitories—representing an invest¬ 
 ment of the gifts, endowments, and appropriations of its 
 devoted alumni, benefactors, City and Commonwealth— 
 we discover a student enrollment of 14,000, and of these 
 10,000 this year are from homes in our own State, while the 
 remainder come from every State in the Union, and from 
 forty-five foreign countries. Indeed, the total enrollment 
 of the residents of the State of Pennsylvania in the Uni¬ 
 versity during the past ten years has been approximately 
 65,000 while the alumni now resident in the State number 
 about 15,000. Needless to say, in the light of what has just 
 been said—that vast sums are required to be expended 
 annually for the support and maintenance of this great 
 University, with its ever-enlarging student body, toward 
 which expenditures, pursuant to the provisions of its 
 charter, the State has generously contributed in the past, 
 and it is confidently expected and believed will continue 
 to contribute in increasing amounts, in its biennial appro¬ 
 priations, in the future. That even such increased appro¬ 
 priations, however, will be insufficient to meet the great 
 and growing needs of the University is now generally 
 
 recognized, and as a consequence the Alumni are about to 
 
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 / 
 
inaugurate a nation-wide drive to raise an endowment 
 fund of $10,000,000 in the hopeful expectation that the 
 income from this fund, together with the State’s aid, will 
 meet the necessary current expenditures of the University. 
 
 Further, through its Extension Schools, hundreds of 
 young men and women annually receive a training which 
 necessarily proves of great value to them; many members 
 of the Faculties of the University being engaged in this 
 extra-mural work. 
 
 In line with this, County Medical Societies, County 
 Dental Societies and Veterinary Societies have never failed 
 to receive prompt response to their call when extended to 
 members of the teaching staff. 
 
 One of the most interesting projects in education is 
 that of Schoolmen’s Week, which has brought to the Campus 
 of the University, through a number of years, hundreds of 
 County and District Superintendents and teachers of all 
 grades, who have enjoyed contact with professors in the 
 University, which contact has proved mutually beneficial. 
 
 The Summer Schools held on the Campus have also 
 made their contribution to the work in education throughout 
 the State. It is by the Extension Centers, by the Extra- 
 Mural Work of members of the Faculty, by Summer Schools, 
 that the people of the State, in addition to the thousands 
 attending courses at the University itself, have become more 
 familiar with the aims and purposes of the University. 
 
 The University has been able to offer numerous lectures, 
 open to the public, which have proved of value to all who 
 have attended them. Many of the lectures have been put 
 into book form and distributed among the public libraries 
 of the larger cities and towns of the State, and in this way 
 the University’s message has been carried into the homes. 
 Furthermore, through the lectures in the University Mu¬ 
 seum, free to the general public, thousands, including school 
 children, have been attracted and have profited thereby. 
 
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The Museum—with its marvelous art collections and 
 wonderful libraries which have been discovered in buried 
 cities in distant lands, confirming in many instances Biblical 
 records—is open also free to the public, on every day of the 
 week, including Sunday. 
 
 And it is worthy of further mention that the Museum 
 now has six exploring expeditions in various parts of the 
 world; one in Peru; one in Alaska; one at Beth Shan in 
 Palestine; one at Memphis and Thebes in Egypt; and the 
 most gratifying of all, the University Museum has been 
 chosen by the British Museum of London—the most im¬ 
 portant Museum of the World—to be its colleague in an 
 expedition to excavate Ur of the Chaldees in Mesopotamia, 
 the home of Abraham. Of inestimable educational value 
 to mankind, therefore, is all this great research work done, 
 and being done, by this Department of the University. It 
 is natural, therefore, that our State, like other States, should 
 take a very large view of the importance of such work. 
 
 Limitations upon the length of this review prevent more 
 than a passing reference to another Department of the 
 University—the School of Education, which holds a high 
 place in the State program of education, and is an impor¬ 
 tant source of supply of the trained teachers so urgently 
 needed in the schools throughout the State. 
 
 One of the most helpful efforts of the University in 
 quite recent days is the Course in Highway Engineering, 
 inaugurated for the purpose of enabling engineers throughout 
 the State to come in contact with advancements in this 
 particular division of their profession. Specialists, including 
 officials of State Highway Departments, have been the 
 teachers in these courses. In doing this, and in promoting 
 the work of the School of Education, the University has 
 generously and heartily supported two of the most important 
 movements called for by our State, viz: teacher-training 
 and good roads. 
 
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The Department of Architecture, one of the foremost 
 Schools of its kind in the world, has made its contribution in 
 many helpful directions in the City and State. Its students 
 have been awarded many of the coveted prizes in their field 
 of endeavor, not only at home, but also abroad; and its 
 professors and alumni have reared monuments evidencing 
 their genius and skill in many splendid structures throughout 
 the land, dedicated to educational, to municipal and national 
 purposes, and have thus contributed to the education of the 
 people in the appreciation of the beautiful. 
 
 These various lines of University activity are merely 
 a confirmation of the desire and purpose of the University 
 exhibited in many ways through a long series of years to be 
 of service in the spirit of its founder, the immortal Franklin, 
 not only to the city in which by its charter it is located, but 
 to the people of all classes throughout the Commonwealth, 
 whose name it bears. This co-operative spirit is an inherent 
 part of the University’s educational life, as plainly set forth 
 in its history, and demonstrates that “The University of 
 Pennsylvania’’ is indeed the bright particular star in the 
 State’s educational galaxy. Brilliantly has it shone through 
 the long years of its life! Indeed, the State has grown up 
 with the University. Their history is inseparable. 
 
 Edgar F. Smith 
 John C. Bell 
 JOSTAH H. PENNIMAN 
 
 
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