8961 92 HVW 6co t UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MASSACHUSETTS BASIC-DATA REPORT NO.ll GROUND-WATER SERIES MILLERS RIVER BASIN By DONALD R. WIESNET and WILLIAM B. FLECK 71 ° 00 ' MAR 10 1969 tew.-.:: . sbS geology LIBRARY PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE MASSACHUSETTS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT COMMISSION Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2020 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/millersriverbasi1119wies UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Geological Survey MASSACHUSETTS BASIC-DATA REPORT NO. 11 GROUND-WATER SERIES MILLERS RIVER BASIN Records of selected -wells, test holes, borings, public water-supply systems, and chemical analyses of -water in the Millers River basin, Massachusetts By Donald R. Wiesnet and William B. Fleck Prepared in cooperation with THE MASSACHUSETTS METROPOLITAN DISTRICT COMMISSION Boston, Massachusetts 1967 OPEN-FILE REPORT CONTENTS Page Introduction- 1 Location system- 2 Numbering system- 2 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate 1. Map of the Millers River basin, Massachusetts, showing locations of wells, test wells, and borings- (in pocket) Figure 1. Hydrographs based on monthly measurements of water levels in observation wells- 27 TABLES Table 1. Geologic units and their water-bearing characteristics- 3 2. Records of selected wells and test wells- 4 3. Records of selected borings- 12 4 . Logs of selected wells and test wells - 15 5. Logs of selected borings- l8 6. Chemical analyses of water from selected wells- 22 7. Chemical analyses of precipitation at Hubbardston, Massachusetts- 25 8. Major public water-supply systems- 26 9. List of available basic-data reports, ground- water series, for Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire- 28 INTRODUCTION The Millers River, tributary to the Connecticut River and located in Worcester and Franklin Counties, Massachusetts, and Hillsboro and Cheshire Counties, New Hampshire, drains an area of approximately 392 square miles. The Millers River basin includes the tributary Otter and Tully Rivers and all or portions of the following towns: Ashburnham, Athol, Erving, Gardner, Hubbardston, Montague, New Salem, Northfleld, Orange, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Templeton, Warwick, Wendell, Westminster, and Winchendon, Mass.; and Fitzwilliam, Jaffrey, New Ipswich, Richmond, Rindge, and Troy, N. H. This report presents, in tabulated form, much of the data collected in the Massachusetts portion of the basin only during a comprehensive study of the water resources of the Millers River basin by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission. This report is released in order to make available to the public basic ground-water information that will facilitate the planning of water- resources development, and will complement an interpretive report of the area to be published at a later date. The data in this report were collected intermittently from 1939^0 1966 by H. A. Wilde, Aarre Sinisalo, G. C. Prescott, Jr., J. A. Baker, P. F. McFarlin, W. B. Fleck, and D. R. Wiesnet. Tables 2-5 present selected data of those wells, test wells, and borings deemed representa¬ tive of any given location. The geologic units in tables 2 and 3 are described in table 1. Tables 6, J, and 8 include data on chemical analyses of water and precipitation samples and information regarding the major water-supply systems. - 1 - In figure 1, hydrographs of nine -wells show the fluctuation of the -water table -with time. The locations of the wells and borings listed in tables 2-5 are shown on plate 1. LOCATION SYSTEM A latitude and longitude coordinate system of degrees, minutes, and seconds is used to locate wells and borings. For example, the coordinates 42°34.'46" north latitude and Tl°59 , 33" west longitude would be designated in the table as 423446N0715933•1- The ".1" at the end of this designation is a number assigned in the order the wells were inventoried within the area of the specified latitude and longitude. NUMBERING SYSTEMS Wells and test wells: These are designated by a symbol whose first term is the name of the town or city in which the well is located and whose second term is a number that is assigned in the order in which the well was inventoried within the town or city (for example: Athol l). A separate series of numbers beginning with "1" is used within each town or city. In the tables the name of the town or city and the number are given; however, on the map, plate 1, only the number appears beside the well symbol within the designating town boundaries. Auger borings: These are designated in the same manner as the wells with one important exception; namely, a capital "A" is included before the second term (for example: Templeton Al). Bridge borings: These are designated, within each town or city, by the Massachusetts Department of Public Works bridge number. A few of these boring numbers include the prefix "W M as a part of the official number. - 2 - Table 1.--Geologic units and their water-bearing characteristics Geologic :Thickness: unit: (feet) :Character Water-bearing characteristics Alluvium Swamp deposits Outwash :Chiefly sand and silt:Does not form a distinct water-bearing : contains gravel in : unit. Where it occurs it is included : some stream channels: with the unit that underlies it. :Peat and muck; some :Contain large amounts of absorbed and : interbedded with : ponded water, but may retard the : sand and silt. : vertical movement of water between the : : surfaces of swamps and the more permeable : : material underneath swamp deposits. Not : : utilized as an aquifer. 0-225*:Sand, lesser amounts :Yields small to large quantities of water : of gravel, silt, and: to wells. Reported yields of 13 wells : clay, and scattered : ranged from 2 to 273 gpm. The median : boulders. Generally: yield was 22 gpm. Stores large amounts : well-stratified. : of ground water and furnishes a large : : portion of the water forming the base : : flow of the streams. Ice-contact: 0-n5*:Sand and gravel, with:Yield small to large quantities of water deposits : : lesser amounts of : to wells. Reported yields of 4 3 wells : : silt and clay. : ranged from 1.5 to 720 gpm. The median : : : yield was 31 gpm. Individual deposits : : : may differ markedly from one another in : : : composition, sorting, and permeability, : : : and each must be explored to find the : : : more permeable deposits. Till 0-130*:Unstratified clay, :Yields small amounts of water to wells. : silt, sand, pebbles;: Because of poor sorting and a large : cobbles, and : range of particle size, permeability of : boulders. : till is small. Many shallow wells : : reportedly go dry during the summer. : : Till may confine water in underlying : : bedrock. Bedrock Chiefly igneous and :Yields small to moderate amounts of water metamorphic rocks. : to wells from joints and fractures. : Reported yields of 57 wells ranged from : 0.7 to 152 gpm. Median yield was 7 gpm. *Maximum values from drillers' logs. -3- • »\ d) •p • *\ i —1 rH rH •N O Td CJ •H H -p 33 d) •H CQ -P -H d) ? 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CO CO CO OJ OJ t— t—-4 H ON ON-4 CVJ O LCN LAN OJ rH OJ I—I rH rH OJHHH H H CVJ H -4 LAN rH rH CO rH LAN-4 ^ -4 H 0 000000000000000000 I I pppppppppppppppfippp ppp(5ppppp o O O LAN LAN LAN o < ~ k -OhO M ON L LAN O Q LAN O O O O p LT\0 0 O OO LAN b— On b- O b— Ov lan b- O CVJ ON CO VO -4 O CO CO CO O CVj OO CO CO CO CVJ CO ft ft On ON o C\| _ _ _ _ _ LAN O LAN o O O LAN ON-4 CO CO ON VO ON LAN ,4 LAN CVJ CO LAN ONOONONCOCOCOHOHOOCO M rH M rH rH I—I CVJ ON l 00 O ON o a® 'iU. ON OJ LAN LAN VO VO ON ON I ON O O 0 O O > 3 0 P 0 Eh P 0 0 •H Eh P Eh ft O •H CQ 0 P 0 UJ CO 0 cd Eh 0 X 0 P 0 0 •H bU O O CQ 0 p P 0 P P 0 0 •rH • P 0 •H •rH •H 0 • a ft Eh P > 0 Eh O ft O cd O 0 Eh P O p m 1 1 P 1 1 1 cd ■H cd cd cd P ft P a ft 0 0 ft 0 0 P 0 Eh O • >> ft ft ft ft a rH ft ft H P ft cd 0 0 O s 0 (i) cd 0 0 0 r—1 0 O • 0 • • • 0 • p Eh • cd • ft 0 • ft P • » a CO U •H P 0 0 ( ) 0) q p cd •H s 0 s s a *"D EH ft O ft w s a r. ft ft ft ft M i—I i—I H i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I i—I CVJ H H H H CO O M OJ CVJ O LAN LAN LAN O O O ew 8 8 8 On co On CVJ lan co O H CVJ -4-4-4 CVJ CVJ CVJ -4-4-4 -4 On CO b— 4 -4 (O H O H -4 -4 O O O O CVJ CM CVJ CVJ M M M M 8 8 8 8 M ft LAN CO H 004 ON ON CM O co CO-4 -4 CM CM CM CM -4 -4 -4 -4 b- H VO O CO M H M CO O VO LAN CO VO CM O O O O O CM CM CM CM CM t—C'—MMM 8 8 8 8 8 CO 00 -4 H CO -4 O CM -4 co CO H O CO CM CO-4 -4 CO-4 CM CM CM CM CM -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 CO LAN CM LAN LAN _4 H CM -4 O O O £££ 8 8 8 IAN LAN VO O O CM (MHO -4-4-4 CM CM CM -4-4-4 00 -4 H -4 CO H O O 8 8 VO LAN LAN H O CM -4 -4 CM CM -4 -4 -4 CO ON LAN LAN O CM CM H O O O CM CM CM b- t- O O Q S 00 o vo CO O CM H CM O -4-4-4 CM CM CM -4-4-4 ON LTN ON 0 0(0 H LAN VO O O O £££ 8 8 8 VO -4 O CM CO CM O CM O -4-4-4 CM CM CM -4-4-4 ON H CM VO CO (0-4 CM -4 O ON Q O O LAN O CM CM rl CM C-— C'— c— 8 8 8 8 b— O ON i—I H O LAN Q O 00 CO CO -4 CO CO CO CM CM CM CM -4 -4 -4 -4 i—I rH CO LAN-4 O O H LAN o o o CM CM CM C— C— b- O O p 2 3 S CO ON ON -4 rH -4 H O h -4 -4 (O CM CM CM -4 -4 -4 -4 CM CO-4 LAN VO b— CO ON O r-j CVj (0-4 LAN VO Ip CO ON O H OJ (0-4 vo bp co ON O H CM H H rH r—I H CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMOJCOcocO -11- ■23909K0T2053T.1 : do. : 1965 : 845 : Dr : 31 : 2 : 77R Table 3*—Records of selected borings Boring no.: For explanation of boring-numbering system, see text, p. 2. Location: For explanation of boring-location system, see text, p. 2. Altitude of land-surface datum: Altitudes are interpolated from topographic maps. Datum is mean sea level. Type of boring: A, augered; Dn, driven. Depth to bedrock or refusal: An "R" appended to the depth indicates the boring was bottomed at refusal which may be bedrock, a boulder, a hard or cemented layer, or till. Material: For explanation of geologic units, see table 1. Character: cl, clay; g, gravel; gn, gneiss; s, sand; sh, schist; st, silt. Geologic unit: icd, ice-contact deposits; ow, outwash deposits. Water level: Given in feet below land surface. NOTE: See table 5 for logs of borings listed in table 3* Altitude: : : Depth : : to Location Date of land-: Type Depth -.Diameter:bedrock Material Water surface : of of : of : or Charac ter:Geologic level datum :boring (feet) : boring: boring :refusal (feet):(inches): (feet) : unit Remarks ASHBURNHAM U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring A1 : 1+23853N0715737.1 : 11-66 : 1078 : A : 22 : 4 : 22R : s,g Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring 15 : 423904N0715821.1 : 4-35 : 1063 : - : 18 : - : - : s,g icd : 12 :1 of 37 borings. ATHOL Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 13 423541N0721330.1 1-38 564 - 18 - - s,g - 5 1 of 8 borings. 16 423652N0721418.1 - 515 - 16 - i 6 r s, t - - 1 of 4 borings. 17 423745N0721336.1 4-37 550 - 2 - 2R S,g - - 1 of 30 borings. 18 423457N0721542.1 -30 510 - 24.5 - 24. 5 R S,g - 7± 1 of 4 borings. 1 of 0 borings. , In bed, of. river. 1 of 9 borings. 20 21 423433N0721541.1 423409N0721622.1 2-35 -55 498 519 38 16 - s,g,cl s,g,t +1 6 23 423153NO721331.1 -38 750 - 12.5 - 12 . 5 R s,g,cl - - 1 of 4 borings. 27 423333N0721303.1 6-4l 815 - 4 - 6 r S,g - 1 1 of 15 borings. 30 42334 7 NO 721629 .I 6-54 526 - 17 - 17R s,g,cl - k 1 of 5 borings. 31 423358N0721309.1 4-54 890 - 27 - 27R s,g,cl - - 1 of 12 borings. 32 423414N0721206.1 5-5^ 888 - 23 - 23R S,g - - 1 of 16 borings. 33 42335^N0721558.1 5-54 598 - 8.6 - 8.6 S,g - - 1 of 18 borings. 34 423349N0721454.1 4-54 607 - 9.5 - 9-5R S,g - - 1 of 14 borings. 35 423404N0721245.1 - 831 Dn 19.6 Peat,muck - Svamp 1 of 9 punchings. ERVING Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 2 423450N0722945.1 11-57 : 226 : - 22 : - : s,g - : +4 :1 of 17 borings 5 423444N0722928.1 -36 : 245 : - IO. 5 : - : 10.5R: s,g - : :1 of 8 borings. 13 423521N0722926.1 : 266 : - 15.4: - : 15.4 : S,g - : : Do. 16 423504N0722921.1 : 313 : - 21 . 5 : - : 21.5 : g>S - : :1 of 4 borings. GARDNER Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings W1 : 423358N0715933.1 4-6l : 1024 - 12 - 4 gn - - : 1 of 5 borings. W2 : 423358N0715927.1 4-61 : 1010 - 26.5 - 26 . 5 R s,g,cl - 0 : 1 of 2 borings. W3 : 423353N0715855.1 4-61 : 1036 - 16.5 - 8.5 s,g,sh - None :1 of 4 borings. W4 : 423348N0715855.1 4-61 : 1025 - 9-5 - 9-5R s,g - 1-5 : W5 : 423409N0715937.1 4-61 : 1026 - 8 - 8 r s,g _ None : 1 of 6 borings. W 6 : 423407N0715935.1 4-6l : 1004 - 14.5 - i4.5R s,g _ 5 : 1 : 423426N0720100.1 4-63 : 918 - 29 - - s,g,st _ 6 :1 of 5 borings. 29 : 423339N0715852.1 11-52 : 1020 - 22 - 22R s - _ : 1 of 4 borings. 30 : 42335 ONO 715852 .I 11-52 : 1022 - 24 - 24r s,cl,g - _ : 1 of 3 borings. 31 : 423 349 NO715846.1 3-61 : 1046 - 19.5 - 19.5R S,g _ None : 1 of 16 borings. 32 : 423352N0715847.1 2-6l : 1023 - 24 - _ s,g,cl - 1-5 :1 of 17 borings. 33 : 423352N0715843.1 3-61 : 1048 - 27 - 27R S,g - 17 :1 of 10 borings. 34 : 423358N0715902.1 3-61 : 104l - 11 - 11R s - 3 :1 of 15 borings. 35 : 423357N0715933.1 3-61 : 991 - 25 - 25R S,g,Cl - 7 :1 of 16 borings. 36 : 423357N0715942.1 3-61 : 982 - 20 - 20R s,cl - • 5 : 1 of 18 borings. 37 : 423403N0715936.1 3-61 : 1014 - 31 - 31R s,g _ 17 . Do. 38 : 423342N0715722.1 5-61 : 1075 - 38 _ 38R s,g _ +1 a of 14 borings. 39 : 423353N0715849.1 4-61 : 1024 - 23 - 23R s,g,cl _ 2 m syamp. 11 of 1 4 borinffs. 4o : 423355N0715843.1 5-61 : 1028 - l4 - i4r s,g,t - • 5 :l of 7 borings. - 12 - Table 3•--Records of selected borings--Continued Altitude: : : Depth : : to Location Date of land-: Type Depth :Diameter:bedrock Material Water surface : of of : of : or Character:Geologic level datum :boring (feet) : boring: boring :refusal (feet):(inches): (feet) : unit Remarks HUBBARDSTON U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring A 1 : 423124N0720036.1 : 11-66 : 1000 : A : 80 : 4 : 80 : s,g : led : 15 MONTAGUE Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring 6 : 14-23353N0722953.1 : 4-35 : 322 : - : 32-5: - : 32.5R: s,g : : - :1 of 25 borings. NEW SALEM U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring A1 : 423234N0721727.1 : 11-66 : 555 : A : 117 : 4 : 117 :s,g,st,cl: ow : 10 :Iron = 0.8; specific : ::::::: : : : conductance = 70 . ORANGE U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring A1 I 4235 I 45 NO 721959 .I H -65 : 560 : A : 7 : 4 : 7R : fill : - : A2 423556N0722027.1 LL -65 : 500 : A : 13.5: 4 : 13.5R: s : - : A3 423853N0721536.1 11-65 : 565 : A : 79 : 4 : 79R : s,g : icd : 20 A4 423334N0721914.1 11-66 : 600 : A : 59 : 4 : 59R :s,g,st,cl: ow : 22 :Swift River basin. A5 423 I 4 M 4 NO 721658 .I 11-66 : 519 : A : 102 : 4 : 102 R : s,g,st : ow : 16 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 9 423554N0722031.1 8-36 485 - 18.5 - 18.5 s,g - : 1 of 18 borings. 12 423611N0722010.1 -37 545 - 17 - 17R s,g - : 1 of 4 borings. 21 423334N0721709.1 8-54 560 - 93 - - s,st,cl - : 22 1 of 6 borings. 22 423329N0721806.1 7-54 540 - 46 - 46r s, st - : 5 Do. 23 423423N0721922.1 12-55 6o4 - 17 - 17R S,g - : 5 1 of 18 borings. 24 423530N0722009.1 10-56 531 - 38 - 38 R s,st,g - : 1 of 11 borings. 25 423555N0722134.1 4-57 479 - 76 - - s - ; 7 1 of 21 borings. PHILLIPSTON Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 4 423443N0701012.1 : 4-59 : 1129 : - : 22-5: : 12-5 : s - : 8 : 1 of 40 test holes. 5 423422N0720915•1 : 9-58 : 1210 : - : 20.5: : 13.5 : b “ : : 1 of 30 borings. ROYALSTON Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring 9 424256N0721046.1 : 7-58 : 973 : - : 24.5: : 24.5R: s,g - : 5 : 1 of 4 borings. TEMPLETON U.S. Geological Survey Auger Borings A2 423252N0720518.1 11-66 : 845 : A : 52 : 4 : 52R : s,g icd : 7 : Iron = >1.0; specific : conductance = 60. A3 423236N0720514.1 11-66 : 880 : A : 22 : 4 : 22R : g icd : Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 13 423548N0720528.1 2-42 : 828 : - : 30 : - : - : s,g _ l : 1 of 5 borings. 21 423655N0720442.1 10-41 : 906 : - : 33.5: : 33-5 : s - : : 1 of 12 borings. - 13 - Table 3---Records of selected borings—Continued Boring Location Date Altitude: of land-: Type : : Depth : : to Depth :Diameter:bedrock Material Water Remarks no. surface : of datum :boring (feet) : of : of : or boring: boring :refusal (feet):(inches): (feet) Charac ter:Geologic : unit level WARWICK U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring A 1 : 423833N0722036.1 : 11-66 : 670 A : I+ 5 . 5 : 4 : 45.5R: s,g icd : 17 :Iron = > 1 . 0 ; specific : conductance = 32 . WINCHENDON U.S. Geological Survey Auger Borings A1 : I+23758NO720656.I : 11-66 830 A 27 1+ 27R s,g,cl ow 10 A2 : I+2I+OO3NO720638.I : 11-66 857 A 47 1+ 1+7R b,s ow 15 Iron = >1.0; specific ! ! conductance = 30 . A 3 : 1+23 90 5 N 0 720631.1 : 11-66 81+0 A. 35 4 35 s,g,cl ow 5 Iron = .92; specific : : conductance = 52 . A 4 : I+23928NO720629.I : 11-66 850 A 1+7 1 + 1+7R s,g,cl,st OW 20 A5 : I+23816NO720515.I : 11-66 858 A 122 1 + 122R s,g,st OW 1+0 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 2 : 1+21+131+N0720112.1 9-36 1008 - 19 5 : 1+24103N0720501.1 2-58 838 - 48 6 : l+24034N0720l+0l+.l 3-52 902 - 10.5 13 : l+240l+3N0720254.1 9-36 951 - 16.5 18 : 1+21+11+5N0720056.1 - 1010 - 16 20 : 1+23920N0715918.1 9-36 1016 - 16 29 : 1+23745N0720505.1 2-42 881 - 5 - s,g - 0 1 of 17 borings. At brook. 48r s,g - 8.5 1 of 1 + borings. 10 .5R s,g - - 1 of 19 borings. 16 . 5 R t - - 1 of l4 borings. 16 R s + g - - i6r S,g - - 1 of 4 borings. 5R s,g - 8 1 of 7 borings. -14- Table 4.— Logs of selected wells and test wells (Depths are given in feet below land surface) Depth Depth Depth ATHOL* 10. ATHOL 49. ATHOL 62. Black loam. 0 0.5 Peat. 0 - 8 Medium, brown sand and Dry, coarse gravel... • 5 - 12 Fine, brown sand. 8 - 16 small gravel.... 0 - 23 Medium to coarse gravel, very Fine sand and medium gravel. 16 - 24 Silty, yellow sand. 23 - 45 little circulation. 12 29.4 Layers of clay and sharp gravel. 24 - 27 Fine sand; streaks of gray clay. 45 - 78 Refusal. at 28.4 Sand and gravel mixed with Silty, yellow sand. 78 - 85 sharp rock. 27 - 32 Refusal. at 85 ATHOL l^. Refusal. at 32 Medium to fine sand. 0 14 ATHOL 63 . Fine sand. 14 19 ATHOL 50. Medium sand; small gravel. 0 - 8 Medium to fine sand with clay.... 19 - 24 Fine, brown sand. 0 - 16 Medium, brown sand; small gravel s - 72 Brown silt. 24 32 Fine sand and medium gravel. 16 - 24 Medium, brown sand; fine Medium to coarse gravel. 32 - 56 Sand and medium gravel. 24 - 32 grained sapd. 72 - 80 Fine sand. 56 - 77-5 Sand and gravel. 32 - 36.5 Medium fine gray sa:xi; clay. 8o - 83 Refusal. at 77-5 Refusal. at 36.5 Medium fine sand: small gravel; clay. 88 - 91 ATHOL 14. ATHOL 51. Bedrock. at 91 Black topsoil. 0 1 Fine, brown sand. 0 - 16 Hardpan. 1 10 Fine sand and medium gravel. 16 - 24 ATHOL 64. Medium to fine gravel. 10 25 Sand and medium gravel. 24 - 32 Black muck and clay. 0 - 10 Medium to coarse gravel. 25 - 30 Sand and gravel. 32 - 36.5 Gray, fine sand. 10 - 35 Medium to coarse gravel with Refusal. at 36.5 Gray sand; medium gravel. 35 - 45 large amount of fine sand. 30 - 40.5 Brown, fine sand. 45 - 60 Fine sand. 40.5 - 78.2 ATHOL 53- Brown, medium gravel . 60 - 70 Topsoil . 0 - 1 Brown, coarse sand . 70 - 85 ATHOL IT- Cobbles and coarse sand . 1 - 12 Brown, medium sand . 85 - 90 Black muck . 0 • 5 Medium to coarse sand . 12 - 18 Gray, silty sand . 90 - 9o Coarse gravel . ■ 5 - 10 Refusal . at 18 Coarse gravel, large amount of ATHOL 65 . sand . 10 20 ATHOL 54. Boulders; medium and small Medium to coarse sand . 20 25 Fine grained sand and sharp gravel; clay . 0 - 8 Coarse sand . 25 - 27 gravel . 0 - lo Medium sand; small gravel; clay. 8 - 19 Coarse gravel ... 27 - 27-3 Medium, brown sand; some gravel. 19 - 57 Refusal . at 19 Fine, yellow sand; sharp gravel; ATHOL 18. c lay. 57 - 60 ATHOL 66. Coarse sand . 0 42.1 Hard packed, gravelly sand and Peat . 0 - 4 Refusal . at 42.1 gravel . to - 67 Fine sand and gravel . li - 23 Refusal . at 67 Sand and fine gravel . 23 - 49 ATHOL 1?. Fine sand and gravel . 49 - to Dry, coarse gravel .. 0 5 ATHOL 55- Fine sand; fine gravel; trace of Refusal . at 5 Loam . 0 - 2 clay . to - 72 Hard packed sand and gravel . 2 - 15 ATHOL 20. Coarse, brown sand and ATHOL 67. Biack topsoil.., . 0 • 5 sharp gravel . 15 - 48 Sand and gravel . 0 - 10 Coarse gravel . .5 - 22 Medium, brown sand. 48 - 61 Hard packed sand; gravel; clay.. 10 - 17 Refusal. at 22 Fine to medium; brown sand. 61 - 68 Refusal. at 17 Hardpan. 68 - 72 ATHOL 25. Refusal. at 72 ATHOL 68. Clay layer in upper part; gravel. 0 12 Sand; gravel; boulders. 0 - 9 "Flour" sand. 12 28 ATHOL 56 . Hard packed sand; gravel; Hard packed sand. 0 - 20 traces of clay. 9 - 17 ATHOL 2?. Coarse sand. 20 - 30 Fine, black sand and sharp Light topsoil. 0 1 Sand and gravel. 30 - 40 gravel. 17 - 25 5 Fine sand and cobbles. 1 10.5 Medium gravel. 40 - 50 Refusal. at 25 5 Medium to coarse gravel, good Sand and gravel. 50 - 64 circulation. 10.5 - 20 Ledge. at 64 ATHOL 69 . Medium to fine sand, very little Peat. 0 - 2 circulation. 20 40.5 ATHOL 57- Fine, brown sand. 2 - 10 Fine sand. 40.5 - 79 Loam. 0 - 2 Fine, red and brown sand. 16 - 20 Medium to fine sand. 79 - 80 Hard packed sand and gravel....; 2 - 14 Fine, red and brown, silty sand Refusal. at 80 Medium, brown sand and sharp and scattered gravel. 20 - 30 gravel. 14 - 48 Fine, red sand and gravel; ATHOL p. Fine to medium light gray sand / gray clay. 30 - 35 Black topsoil. 0 1 and small gravel. 48 A 57 Fine, brown, silty sand and Coarse gravel, dry. 1 7 Fine, gray sand and clay. 5T 61 scattered gravel. 35 - 45 Coarse sand, some color variation 7 - 21 Refusal. at 61 Fine, brown sand. 45 - t3 Coarse sand. 21 22.5 Coarse sand and gravel. 22.5 - 28.5 ATHOL 58 . ATHOL 70. Gravel. 28.5 - 34 Loam. 0 - 3 Coke fill. 0 - 6 Gravel with trace of clay. 34 - 39.1 Hard packed sand and gravel. 3 - 18 Tar.. e - 9 Refusal..-. at 39.1 Fine to medium yellow sand. 18 - 47 Fipb, silty sand; like clay. Q - 11 Medium sand and gravel. 47 - 66 Fide sand and gravel. 11 - 18 ATHOL 31. Refusal. at 66 Fine to medium sand with black Topsoil. 0 2 specks. 18 - 28 Fine sand. 2 41.5 ATHOL 59- Medium sand and gravel. 28 - 39 Medium sand with trace of clay... 41.5 - 43.5 Loam. 0 - 2 Medium coarse sand, very poor Fine, brown sand. 2 - 20 ATHOL 71. 4^.s - 45 20 35 Fill . 0 2 Refusal. at 45 Medium, light gray sand and Sand, medium grained with clay.. 2 - 13 gravel. 35 - 48 Sand, medium to fine; some silt. 13 - 20 5 ATHOL, 32. Medium, light gray sand. 48 - 60 Fine sand. 0 5 Fine to medium, light gray sand. 60 - 75 ERVING 19. Medium gravel. 5 - 24.2 Fine, gray sand and clay . 75 - 80 Sand and gravel . 0 - 16 Refusal .- at 24.2 Silt . 16 - 82 ATHOL 60. Bedrock . 82 -297 ATHOL 44. Fine, brown sand and. sharp Dry sand . 0 60 gravel . 0 - 19 GARDNER 13 . Hard granite . 60 100 Silt; yellow sand . 19 - 31 Sand, some gravel .. 0 - 9 5 Soft rock . 100 113 Silt; gray sand and clay . 31 - 46 Clay. 9 5 - 17 5 Refusal. at 46 ATHOL 47. GARDNER 15 . Fine, brown sand. 0 16 ATHOL 61. Fine sand. 0 - 18 Fine sand and small gravel. 16 - 32 Sand and gravel fill . 0 - 6 Rock . at 18 Fine sand, small gravel with Fine, gray sand; sharp gravel silt on bottom . 32 - 37 and clay . 6 - 21 GARDNER l6. Refusal . at 3T Fine, light gray sand; some Fine sand . 0 - 10 sharp gravel . 21 - 32 Rock. . at 10 ATHOL 48. Hard packed, gray sand; gravel; Peat . 0 13 clay . 32 - 46 GARDNER 17- Fine, brown sand . 13 - 32 Refusal . at 46 Hardpan; sand; gravel . 0 - 19 72 40 19 Fine, silty sand . 40 42 Refusal. at 42 15 Table 4.—Logs of selected wells and test wells—Continued Depth Depth Depth GARDNER 18. ORANGE 2. ORANGE 58 . 0 10 Soil. 0 _ 4 Soil and oxidized sand, brown. Sand. 10 _ 15 Sand and gravel. 4 - 18.6 fine to medium. 0 - 2 Rock. at 15 Fine sand. 18 6 - 24 Medium to fine, well sorted Sand and gravel. 24 - 31.4 sand; some clay with depth.... 2 - 22 GARDNER 19i Brown sand... 31 4 - 43 Mud. 0 - 10 Yellow sand. 43 - 51 ORANGE 59 . Sand and clay. 10 - 20 Brown sand and gravel. 51 - 57 Brown, oxidized sand, coarse to Sand and gravel. 20 - ■23 Gray sand and gravel. 57 - 62 medium. 0 - 4 Rock. at 23 Gray and brown sand. 62 - 71 Gravelly sand, 2-in. pebbles: Brown sand and fine gravel. 71 - 77-5 quartz, rounded. 4 - 7 GARDNER 20. Roc k. at 77-5 Not reported. 7 - 12 Sand and gravel. 0 - 8 Very coarse rounded, brighter Clay. 8 - 17 ORANGE 5- orange-brown than above, Sand and gravel. 17 - 42.1 Sand, medium to coarse. 0 - 12 saturated sand. 12 - 17 R^k at 42-1 12 IT 17 _ 21 Sand, coarse; fine gravel. 17 - 22 GARDNER 21. Sand, fine to medium. 22 - 27 ORANGE 60. Sand and gravel. 0 - 8 Soil. 0 - 4 C lay. 8 - 18 ORANGE 42. Clay, brown, oxidized, silty.... 4 - 7 Clay and quicksand.,. 18 - 53 Topsoil. 0 - 1 Clay, changing to gray clay at Rock. at 53 Sand; gravel; rocks. 1 - 24 10 to 12 ft. 7 - 12 Gravel, some sand. 24 - 29.5 Gray clay, no silt. 12 - 60 GARDNER 22. Refusal. at 29.5 Hard layer, penetrated. at 60 Fine sand. 0 _ 26 Bedrock. at 62.5 Roc k. at 26 ORANGE 43. TopSoil. 0 - 1 ORANGE 6l. GARDNER 23- Sand; some gravel. 1 - 16 Soil, sandy, humus. 0 - 4 Clay and fine sand. 0 - 37 Sand and gravel. 16 - 29 Sand, coarse and very coarse, Gravel; some sand. 29 - 34 some pebbles. 4 - 7 GARDNER 24. Gravel and sand. 34 - 44.8 Sand, coarse, brown, oxidized... 7 - 12 Sand and gravel. 0 - 10 Refusal. at 44.8 Sand, coarse, brown, oxidized; Coarse sand and gravel. 10 - 44 gray clay and sand at 34 ft... 12 - 37 Sand and gravel. 44 - 48.5 ORANGE 44. Gray clay and sand, saturated... 37 - 42 Rock. at 48.5 Topsoil.'.. 0 - 1 Sand and gravel. 1 - 29 ORANGE 62. GARDNER 25- Coarse sand and gravel. 29 - 34 Soil, boulders, fill. 0 - 7 Coarse brown sand. 0 - 33 Sand and gravel. 34 - 45.4 Sand and gravel, dirty brown.... 7 - 12 Fine gray sand. 33 - 40 Refusal. at 45.4 Coarse sand, not too well sorted 12 - 22 Fine sand and gravel. bo - 49 . 8 ’ ORANGE 45. PHILLIPS TON 1. GARDNER 26. Topsoil. 0 - 1 Swamp muck and boulders. 0 - 7-5 Sand.... 0 - 27 Sand and gravel. 1 - 40 Refusal. at 7-5 Sand, some gravel. 27 - 54 Gravel. 40 - 44 Gravel. 5b - 59 PHILLIPSTON 2. ORANGE 46. Swamp muck and boulders. 0 - 13 GARDNER 27- Topsoil. 0 - 1 Refusal. at 13 Brown sand and gravel. 0 - 40 Sand and gravel. 1 - 16 Loose, brown sand. 40 - 46 Fine sand; gravel; boulders. 16 - 26 PHILLIPSTON 3- Sand and gravel... 46 - 54.5 Refusal. at 26 Swamp muck and boulders. 0 - 5 Refusal. at 5 GARDNER 28. ORANGE 48. 0 6 0 1 TEMPLETON 3 . Gray sand and gravel. 6 _ 22 Sand; some gravel. 1 - 39 Sand and cobbles. 0 - 2 22 39 39 44 2 12 Sand, coarse; fine gravel.. 12 - 18 GARDNER 29. ORANGE 49. Silt and clay, sandy, blue. 18 - 22 Fine sand and clay. 0 - 14 Topsoil. 0 - 1 Sand and gravel. 22 - 24 Sand. 14 - 18 Sand and gravel. 1 - 40 Refusal, bedrock or boulders.... at 24 Sand and clay. 18 - 25 Refusal. at 40 Clay and gravel. 25 - 28 TEMPLETON 4. Rock. at 28 ORANGE 50. Silt, sandy, brown, humus. •o - 2 Topsoil. 0 - 1 Sand, gravel, cobbles. 2 - 7 GARDNER 30. Sand and scattered gravel. 1 - 16 Sand, gravel, fewer cobbles. 7 - 18 Fine sand; gravel; and clay. 0 - 30 Sand; gravel; boulders. 16 - 22 Sand, fine to medium, becoming Hardpan, sand and gravel. 30 - . 7.5 Sand and gravel. 22 - 30.2 clayey with depth. 18 - 22 -. 7.5 22 26 ORANGE 51. Refusal, bedrock or boulder. at 26 GARDNER 31. Gravel. 0 - 15 Clay; sand; gravel. 0 - 16 Brown silt. 15 - 40 TEMPLETON 18. Rock... at 16 Clay. 40 - 79 Brown clay; boulder gravel. 0 - 10 Brown sand. 10 - 15 GARDNER 32. ORANGE 52. Gray clay; hard packed gravel... 15 - 35 Sand and gravel. 0 - 10 Gravel. 0 - 10 Gray hard gravel; dry. 35 - 40 Rock. at 10 Silt. 10 - 50 Gray broken gravel. 4o - 45 Clay. 50 - 75 Gray, hard clay. ^5 - 53 GARDNER 33- Hardpan. 53 - 56 Sand and gravel. 0 - 12.5 ORANGE 53 . Refusal. at 56 Rock. at 12.5 Gravel. 0 - 6 Silt and clay. 6 - 94 TEMPLETON 22. MONTAGUE 54. Gravel and clay. 94 - 98 Peat mud. 0 - 11 Sandy loam. 0 - .5 Fine sand and clay. 11 - 47 Fine sand. 5 - 17 ORANGE 54. Rock. at 47 Sand and gravel. 17 - 21.6 Silt. 0 - 15 Refusal. at 21.6 Clay... 15 - 55 TEMPLETON 27- Sandy clay. 55 - 59 Fine sand, brown. 0 - 2 MONTAGUE 55- Sand, fine to very fine, lighter Sandy loam. 0 - .5 ORANGE 56 . brown. 2 - 17 Fine sand. 5 - 17 Fill. 0 - 4 Coarse sand, saturated.. Sand and gravel. 17 - 92 Dry sand, well sorted, brown. yellow-brown. 17 - 22 Fine sand; silt with mica medium to coarse; s-^me pebbles Coarse sand, yellow-brown. 22 - 27 particles. 92 -121.4 at 27 ft. 4 - 27 Coarse to very coarse sand. Refusal. atl21.4 Dry sand, well sorted, brown. yellow-brown. 27 - 37 medium to coarse. 27 - 42 Coarse to very coarse sand. NEW SALEM 3 . Sand, very coarse to coarse, yellow-brown; gravel. 37 - 47 Soil. 0 - 2 well sorted, micaceous. Very coarse, pebbly brown sand.. 2 - 7 feldspathic, sub-angular. at k2 Medium to coarse, light brown sand. 7 - 22 ORANGE 57. Medium, brown sand, well sorted. 0 - 17 Coarse, brown sand. 17 - 22 -16- Table 4.— Logs of selected wells and test wells—Continued Depth TEMPLETON 28 . Medium, gray sand, pebbly. 0 Medium, gray sand, pebbly; gravel at 10 to 12 ft. 7 Gravel and sand..'. 12 Poorly sorted, fine to coarse sand. 13 Medium to coarse, saturated sand. 17 Coarse to very coarse sand (biotite) gray streaks. 32 Coarse to very coarse sand. hj Very coarse sand. 77 Gravel. 85 Very coarse sand. 87 Gravel. 92 Refusal, bedrock (?). TEMPLETON Up, - 7 Peat. Fine sand. - 12 Very fine sand. - 15 Refusal, ledge. _ 17 TEMPIETON 42. - 32 Fine to medium, tan sand; small, sharp gravel; specks of - 47 clay. - 77 Fine - , gray sand and clay. - 85 Fine to medium, tan sand; small - 87 gravel... - 92 Fine, brown sand and clay - 95 Not reported.... at 95 Refusal. TEMPLETON 29 . Peat; small gravel; medium sand.. 0-5 Medium sand; coarse gravel. 5 “15 Medium sand; small gravel. 15 - 30 Medium to coarse sand; small gravel. 30 - 50 Coarse sand; small gravel. 50 - 65 Medium to coarse, red sand; small gravel; fine sand; some clay; broken stone. 65 - 80 TEMPLETON 30 . Sand and gravel. 0 - 20 Very fine sand. 20 - 32*5 Refusal, ledge. at 32.5 TEMPIETON 31 . Sand and gravel. 0 - 15 Fine sand. 15 - 30.5 Refusal, ledge... at 30.5 TEMPLETON 32 . Sand and gravel. 0 - 20 Very fine sand. 20 - 29.3 Refusal, ledge. at 29. j TEMPIETON 34 . Peat. 0-3 Medium sand.... 3 - 15 Very fine sand. 15 - 19*8 Refusal, ledge. at 19.8 TEMPIETON 35 - Sand and gravel, pumped free. 0 - 25 Sand, getting finer, pumped very tight. 25 - 30 Very fine sand. 30 - 37*5 Refusal, ledge. at 37*5 TEMPLETON 36 . Sand and gravel. 0 - 15 Very fine sand. 15 - 3^*8 Refusal, ledge. at 3^*8 TEMPIETON 37 - Sand and gravel. 0 8 Very fine sand. 8 - 27.3 Refusal, ledge. at 27«3 TEMPLETON 39 - Sand.... 0-3 Peat. 3 “ 4 Sand and gravel. 4 - 20 Very fine sand. 20 - 38.5 Refusal, ledge. at 38.5 TEMPIETON 43 . Fine, tan sand; small gravel; clay. Fine, gray sand; sharp gravel; clay. Hardpan. Refusal. TEMPIETON 44 . Fine, brown sand; clay. Fine, gray sand; sharp gravel; c lay. Refusal, hardpan. TEMPIETON 45 . Peat. Fine, gray sand with clay and gravel, changing to brown; pumped all sand. Fine, brown sand; some small gravel; pumped all fine sand.. Fine, brown, sand. Fine, brown sand, some gravel; pumped all fine sand. Not reported. Refusal. TEMPLETON 46 . Fine, brown sand and gravel. Fine, brown sand. Fine, brown sand; some small gravel. TEMPLETON 47 . Fine, brown sand and gravel with clay and sand getting finer with depth. Fine, brown sand with specks of clay. Fine to medium sand with specks of clay.... TEMPLETON 48 . Peat. Gray sand. Brown, fine sand. Gray, fine sand. TEMPIETON 49 . Gray, brown, sharp gravel and sand... Gray, brown sand and gravel. Gray, fine sand. Depth TEMPLETON 50 . C - 3 3 - 20 Brown sand; gravel; clay. 20 - 24.8 Brown sand; gravel. 10 at 2 H . 8 Gray, fine sand. 35 TEMPLETON 51 . Gray, brown, fine sand; clay... 3 0 - 20 Brown, fine sand. 4t 20 - 32 TEMPLETON 52. 32 - 57 Brown sand; gravel. 0 57 - 62.5 Brown sand; gravel; clay. 20 62 5 - 66.2 Brown, fine sand. 25 at 66.2 Brown, fine sand; clay. 36 TEMPLETON 53. 0 0 - 21 Gray, brown sand. 7 Brown, medium sand. 20 21 - 36 Gray, fine sand. 51 36 - 37-5 at 37-5 TEMPLETON 54. Loam. 0 Gray clay and sharp gravel.... 2 0 - 26 Medium, brown sand. is Fine to medium, brown sand; 26 - 53.6 some clay. 33 at 58.6 Refusal. WINCHENDON 20. 0 - 6 Fine sand and clay. 0 Sand and clay... 21 Sand, hard-packed, and clay. 4l 6 - 26 WINCHENDON 21. 26 - 67 Sand (some fine). 0 47 - 63.5 Sand, fine; changing to sand, red. 22 63 . 5 - 90 Sand, fine. **3 90 - 92.5 Ledge. at 92.5 WINCHENDON 31. Gravel (up to 2j Inches in 0 - 20 size). 0 20 - 7 1 * Sand, medium to coarse; some pebbles. 4 7 1 * - 95 Medium sand. 7 Medium sand (water at 27+ feet). 12 WINCHENDON 32. 0 - 21 Gravel. 0 Gravel; sand, medium to coarse 21 - 68 at 6+ feet. 3 Medium sand with some coarse 68 - 80 sand. 7 Coarse sand (some medium sand) biotitic. 27 0 - 8 Coarse sand (some medium sand) 8 - 25 biotitic; silty clay at 25 - 4l 67 feet. 67 41 - 78 Silty clay. 72 Gravel. 7 1 * Refusal, bedrock. 0 - 15 15 - 25 25 81 Depth - 4 - 10 - 35 - 71.5 - 3 - 46 - 78 - 20 - 25 - 36 - 52 - 7 - 20 - 51 - 69 - 2 - 18 - 33 - J*7 at 1*7 - 21 - 41 - **7 - 22 - '*3 - 5 1 * at 54 - 4 - 7 - 12 - 42 - 3 - 7 - 27 - 67 - 72 - 74 - 77 at 77 -17- Table 5*--Logs of selected borings (Depths are given in feet below land surface) Depth Depth Depth ASHBURNHAM 31- W3. • Loamy sand and boulders. 0 3.5 Loam; sand; gravel; and U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring Compact fine yellow sand, boulders fill. 0 - 3.5 gravel, and boulders. 3.5 - 5.5 Compact, medium to fine, yellow Al. Compact fine yellow sand, sand and gravel; some coarse Sand, light 'brown, medium. 0 - 7 gravel, clay, and boulders.... 5.5 - 15 sand; boulders; wet. 3.5 - 8.5 Sand, grayish-brown, fine; some Hard, compact, fine gray sand, Rock, hard light gray schist; gravel; water at 12 ft. 7 - 12 gravel, clay, and boulders.... 15 - 25 some quartzite in granite. Sand, grayish-brown, very fine, Hard, compact, fine gray sand, some calcite lenses badly poorly sorted; some gravel. 12 - 14 gravel, and boulders. 25 - 27 fractured at 45°; specific Till, tight. 14 - 22 Refusal. at 27 gravity 2 . 65 - 2 . 82 ; no water... 8.5 - 16.5 Refusal, in till. at 22 32 . W4. Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring Clean, coarse, yellow sand and Hot top. 0 - .1 boulder fill. 0 8 Firm, coarse, yellow sand; some 21- Medium yellow sand and gravel... 8 - 11-5 gravel and medium sand; Cinder fill. 0 - 2 Medium yellow sand, little boulders; wet. .1 - 4 Fine sand. 2 - 7 gravel, and boulders. 11-5 - 17-5 Firm, fine to medium, silty, Sand, gravel, and boulders. 7 - 18 Soft, decayed rock or boulders.. 17-5 - 23 yellow sand; some gravel; Refusal (rock or boulders). at 23 trace of clay; boulders; wet.. 4 - 8.5 Very hard to fine, silty, gray il- sand and gravel; trace of ATROL Medium, yellow sand. 0 3 clay; boulders; wet. 8.5 - 9-5 Yellow, coarse sand and gravel.. 3 - 5-5 Refusal. at 9-5 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridg e Borings Firm, medium sand. 5-5 - 8.6 13. 34 . Soft loam. 0 - 1 Cinder and gravel fill. 0 - 2-5 Loam... 0 2 Firm, medium to fine, yellow Firm yellow sand; water at 5 ft.. 2.5 - 5-5 Coarse, brown sand, little sand, some gravel and coarse Hard yellow sand and fine gravel. 5-5 - 11.5 gravel.. 2 7 sand; boulders, dry. 1 - 8 Hard sand and gravel. 11.5 - 14.5 Hard-packed sand, gravel, and Refusal. at 8 Hard sand and gravel, little boulders. 7 - 9.5 clay, hardpan. l 1 *.5 - 18 Refusal. at 9.5 W6. Loose, dark yellow-brown sand; 16 . 35 . gravel; miscellaneous fill; Sand, gravel, fill. 0 - 5-5 Peat. 0 3 wet; water at 5 ft. 0 - 6 Coarse sand. 5-5 - 10 Muck. 3 - 19.6 Firm, medium to fine, yellow Cemented sand, gravel, little Hard bottom. at 19.6 sand; some gravel; moist. 6 - 10.5 clay, hardpan. 10 - 16 Very compact, medium to fine, Rock or boulder. at 16 -================================== yellow sand and gravel; some coarse sand; wet. 10.5 - 14.5 17- ERVING Refusal. at 14.5 Sand and gravel. 0 - 2 Ledge. at 2 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 1. Wet, loose, brown, coarse to 13. 2. fine sand and coarse to fine Loom and fine sand. 0 - 4 Dirty sand. 0 6 gravel; boulders, little Cobblestones, piece of wood. 4 - 5 Firm, coarse, gray sand and silt, fill. 0 - 4 Coarse sand, some gravel, packed little, fine gravel. 6 - 13 Wet, loose, brown coarse to fine loose, full of water. 5 - 9 Hard, coarse, gray sand, and sand; trace of organic matter. 4 - 8 Coarse sand, packed loose, full little, fine gravel. 13 - 19 Wet, medium, dense, gray. of water. 9 - 16 Hard, fine, yellow sand, and coarse to fine sand; and Few stones, fine sand. 16 - 16.5 little fine gravel. 19 - 22 coarse to fine gravel; little Coarse sand and gravel, wet, silt. 8 - 11 packed firm. 16.5 - 22 5 . Not described. 11 - 15 Coarse sand and gravel, packed Riprap boulders, fill. 0 5 Wet, stiff, gray silt, some hard. 22 - 23 Cemented sand, gravel, hardpan.. 5 - 10.5 fine sand. 15 - 18 Hard packed gravel, hardpan. 23 - 24 Boulders or rock. at 10.5 Wet, soft, gray silt, some fine Rock. at 24.5 sand, little clay. 18 - 27 13 . Wet, very dense, brown, coarse 20. Hard, fine, gray sand, and to fine sand; and coarse to Coarse sand and gravel. 0 - 13 little gravel. 0 10.5 fine gravel; little silt. 27 - 29 Gravel. 13 - 14 Hard, fine sand. 10.5 - 15 . ** Sand and clay.. 14 - 24 2g. Sand, clay, and gravel. 24 - 34 l6. Mud. 0 - 2 Gravel and sand. 3 1 * - 38 Gravel, small boulders, little Silt, sand and gravel. 2 - 6 loam. 0 5.5 Very fine sand with some clay... 6 - 8.5 21. Coarse, yellow sand, very Medium to coarse sand with some Loose, coarse, yellow sand and little gravel. 5.5 - 9 gravel. 8.5 - 19 gravel; water at 6.5 ft. 0 - 8 Coarse, hard gravel, sand, Compact sand, gravel, and clay.. 19 - 22 Hard, coarse, dark sand, gravel, small boulders. 9 - 21.5 Rock obstruction. at 22 and boulders. 8 - 13-5 Hard, fine, blue sand, gravel, 30 . and clay; hardpan. 13-5 - 16 Mud. 0 - ^•5 GARDNER Clay and very fine sand. ^■5 - 13-5 23 . Fine sand. 13.5 - 19-5 Sand, gravel, and boulder fill... 0 - 3.5 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings Compact sand; gravel; some clay. 19.5 - 24 Coarse, compact sand, gravel, and Rock obstruction. at 24 clay. 3-5 - 7 Wl. Compact sand, gravel, and clay... 7 - 12.5 Loose loam; sand; gravel; and li- Rock or boulder refusal. at 12.5 boulders. 0 4 Compact sand; gravel; and Rock, hard, dark to light gray miscellaneous fill. 0 - 3 27. granite gneiss and schist. Compact, medium to coarse. Sand and gravel. 0 - 4 some quartzite, badly yellow sand; some gravel; fractured from 30° to 45°; fine sand; boulders; moist.... 3 - 10.5 30. specific gravity 2.71-2.78.... 4 - 12 Compact, medium to fine, yellow Silty sand. 0 - 2.5 sand; some gravel; coarse Hard sand, gravel, and boulders.. 2.5 - *+•5 W2. sand; boulders; moist. 10.5 - 16 Loose, coarse sand. **•5 - 8.5 Soft, dark gray, silty peat; Hard, medium to coarse, gray- Hard sand, gravel, and clay. 8.5 - 17 moist; water at surface. 0 3.5 yellow sand and gravel; some Refusal. at 17 Soft, silty, yellow-gray clay; coarse sand; trace of silt; moist. 3-5 - 8 boulders; wet. 16 - 19.5 Soft, gray clay. 8 - 18 Refusal. at 19-5 Firm, coarse to medium, gray No water encountered. sand and gravel; some fine sand; wet. 18 - 21 Loose, fine to medium, silty sand, some gravel; trace of clay; wet... 21 26.5 Refusal. at 26.5 18 Table 5 *--Logs of selected borings—Continued Depth Depth Depth GARDNER (Continued) 38. (Continued) ORANGE Loose, coarse to medium, yellow Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings (Continued) sand; some gravel and fine U.S. Geological Survey Auger Borings sand; wet. 24 - 30 32. Loose, medium to fine, gray Al. Soft, sanay loam; firm, fine to sand; some gravel; trace of Soil. 0 - 2 medium, siltv, gray sand; some silt; wet. 30 - 34 Fill, gravelly, dark gray, gravel and medium gray clay; Compact fine to medium gray, light gray at about 5 ft. 2 - 7 trace of coarse sand. 0 - 5.5 yellow sand; some gravel; Refusal. at 7 Firm, medium to fine silty, trace of clay; boulders; yellow sand; some gravel and moist. 34 38 A 2 . soft clay; trace of boulders... 5.5 - 13 Refusal. at 38 Fine sand. 0 _ 7 Compact, fine to medium yellow Fine sand and silt. 7 _ 12 sand;-some coarse sand; trace 39. Refusal (bedrock). at 13.5 of gravel and boulders. 13 - 18 Very loose, medium to fine, Very compact, medium to fine peaty, yellow sand; trace of A 3 . silty, yellow sand; some gravel... 0 - 6 Artificial fill. 0 - 6 gravel and coarse sand; trace Soft, gray, silty clay; moist.. 6 - 9-5 Sand, dirty, brown; some gravel. 6 - 7 of clay; boulders. is - 2 k Firm, medium to coarse, yellow Sand, gravelly. 7 - 12 sand; some gravel and fine Gravel at 16 ft.; dark, nearly 33 - sand; boulders; wet. 9 5 - 15 black sand, coarse. 12 - 17 Very loose, black cinders; fill; Firm, coarse to medium, yellow Sand, gravelly, dark, iron wet. 0 - 5-5 sand; some gravel and fine stained; clayey; water at Firm, fine to medium, yellow sand sand; boulders; wet. 15 - 21 20 ft. 17 - 22 and gravel; fill; moist. 5.5 - 12 Compact, fine, silty, gray sand, Gray sand, saturated. 22 - 32 Very loose, medium to fine, loamy trace of gravel and clay; Gray, very coarse sand, dark-yellow sand; some gravel: boulders; wet. 21 - 23 saturated. 32 - 37 coarse sand and silt; fill. 12 - 16.5 Refusal. at 23 Very coarse, pebbly sand, Firm, medium to fine, leached, saturated.*. 37 - 47 dark-yellow sand; some gravel; 40 . Fine gravel. 47 - 79 trace of coarse sand and silt; Soft loam and boulders. 0 - 3 Refusal (bedrock?). at 79 boulders; wet. 16.5 - 19.5 Compact, medium to fine, yellow- Compact, medium to fine, light gray sand; trace of clay; A 4 . yellow sand; some gravel and moist. 3 - 7 Sand, brownish-gray, coarse to coarse sand; trace cf clay; Firm, medium to fine, yellow medium, with mica and some boulders; wet. 19.5 - 27 sand; some gravel; trace of mafics; pebbly. 0 - 5 Refusal. at 27 coarsd sand and silt; wet. 7 m 13 Sand, brownish-gray, coarse, Very compact, medium to fine, with mica and some mafics; 3 ii- silty, gray sand; some gravel, 1 -inch, well-rounded pebbles.. 5 - 10 Compact sand; gravel; cinders; coarse sand; clay; boulders; Sand, brownish-gray, coarse, boulders; and miscellaneous wet. 13 - Ik with mica and some mafics; fill; dry; water level at Refusal. at 14 2 -inch pebbles at 15 ft.; 3 rt. 0 - 4.5 water at 22 ft. 10 - 25 Loose, fine to medium, silty, Sand, brownish-gray, coarse, gray, yellow sand; trace of well sorted, with mica and gravel; moist. 4.5 - 6.5 HUBBARDSTON mafics. 25 - 30 Compact, fine to medium, silty Sand, brownish-gray, coarse to micaceous, yellow sand; some U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring medium, well sorted, with gravel; moist. 6.5 - 9-5 mica and mafics. 30 - 4 l Very compact, medium to fine. Al. Sand, brownish-gray, medium to leached, yellow sand; some Sand, light-brown, medium to fine, well sorted, with mica gravel; coarse sand and clay; coarse; moist. 0 - 12 and mafics. kl - 50 boulders; moist. 9-5 - 11 Sand, iron-brown, medium to Clay, blue; and silt; gravel Refusal. at 11 coarse, poorly sorted; and at 56 ft. 50 - 59 gravel; water at 15 ft. 12 - 17 Refusal on bedrock. at 59 31 - Sand, iron-brown, mostly coarse; Soft, sandy loam. 0 - 2 and gravel. 17 - 47 A 5 . Medium-yellow sand; gravel; and Gravel; and gray-brown, coarse Sand, light-brown, coarse, boulders.... 2 - 7.5 sand... 47 - 52 quartz-rich; rounded gravel Medium clay. 7.5 - 14 Sand, gray-brown, coarse to to 12 ft.; water at l 6 ft. 0 - 17 Medium, gray sand; gravel; very coarse. 52 - 62 Sand, gray-brown, coarse to boulders; some clay. 14 - 17.5 Sand and gravel... 62 - 78 medium. 17 - 22 Coarse gray sand; gravel; and Till, tight. 78 - 80 Sand, gray-brown, fine to boulders; trace of clay. 17-5 - 25 coarse, poorly sorted. 22 - 32 sorted. 32 - 65 16. MONTAGUE Silt, blue-gray, sandy. 65 - 77 Soft, sandy peat. 0 - 7 Sand, blue-gray, very fine, Coarse, dirty, yellow sand; trace Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring becoming slightly coarser with of gravel and boulders. 7 - 10 depth. 77 - 94 Coarse, gray sand; trace of gravel 10 - 12 6 . Till, clay and silt matrix, Hard, yellow clay. 12 - 17 Loose sand and gravel. 0 - 15 with angular gravel. 94 -102 Compact, medium gray sand; some Firm sand and little gravel. 15 - 31 Refusal (not bedrock). at 102 gravel and boulders. 17 - 20 Hard sand and gravel. 31 - 32.5 Refusal. at 20 Ledge or boulder. at 32.5 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 37 • — — 2 - Cinders; miscellaneous fill. 0 - 6 Hard, coarse sand; coarse gravel 0 - 8 Miscellaneous fill; medium, NEW SALEM Compact, hard sand and gravel... 8 - 18.5 yellow sand; gravel. 6 - 11 Sand, gravel; boulders. 11 - 15 U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring 12. Sand; gravel; traces of loam and Coarse, yellow sand and gravel.. 0 - 6 boulder fill; water at 17 ft... 15 - 18 Al. Fine, gray sand. 6 - 10.3 Sandy loam and gravel; traces of Sand, light brown, medium, well Hard, coarse sand and coarse mi. 18 - 22 sorted with high quartz gravel. 10 . 3 - 15 Medium, yellow sand; gravel; content and some mafic Compact sand and fine gravel; some boulders. 22 - 31 material; some coarse sand; hardpan. 15 - 17 Refusal. at 31 dry. 0 - 10 Rock-boulder refusal. at 17 Sand, brown, medium to coarse. 38 . abundant quartz and some 21. Very soft, dark brown, peaty mafics; some fine gravel; Medium to fine brown sand; trace swamp mud; wet; water level water at 10 ft. 10 - 27 of silt. 0 - 11 1 ft. above land surface datum. 0 - 4 Sand, gray-brown, fine to Coarse to fine sand; trace of Loose, medium to coarse, gray coarse; high quartz content; gravel; loose. 11 - 16 sand; some fine gravel and abmdant fine-grained mafics; Fine sand; trace of silt; little fine sand; wet. 4 - 10.5 high mica content at 39 ft.; mica; loose. 16 - 21 Loose, fine yellow sand; trace of little fine gravel. 27 - 42 Fine sand; trace of silt; medium gravel and silt; wet. 10.5 - 21 Silt; some gray clay and fine to compact. 21 - 34 Firm, medium to fine yellow sand; medium sand. 42 -in Gray silt; some fine sand; some coarse sand; trace of Till, clay-silt matrix and fine medium stiff. 34 - 37 gravel; wet. 21 - 24 angular gravel. in -117 Gray silt; some clay; trace of very fine sand in layers; soft 37 - 4 o 19 Table 5* — Logs of selected borings—Continued Depth ORANGE (Continued) Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings (Continued) 21 . (Continued) Fine sand and silt, medium compact. 40 - 48 Soft, gray silt. 48 - 54 Gray silt, some clay, soft. 54 - 66 Gray silt, some clay, medium stiff. 66 - 68 Fine sand and silt, medium compact. 68 - 82 Medium to fine brown sand; trace of silt; compact. 82 - 93 No refusal. 22. Filled material; loam. 0 - 1 Brown silt, trace of fine sand, medium stiff. 1 - 10 Brown silt; trace of clay, medium stiff. 10 - 15 Very fine sand; trace of silt and clay, medium stiff. 15 - 20 Fine to medium sand, loose. 20 - 24 Medium to fine sand; fine gravel; trace of silt, medium compact.. 24 - 31 Coarse to fine sand; fine gravel, compact. 31 - 36 Coarse to fine sand; coarse gravel; stones; trace of silt, compact. 36 - 42 Medium to fine sand and gravel; some silt. 42 - 46 Refusal...-. at 46 23. Loamy sand. 0 - 5 Compact medium sand and gravel... 5 - 11 Very compact, medium sand, gravel, and stones. 11 - 17 Refusal. at 17 24. Fine sand; some inorganic silt; loose. 0 - 4 Coarse sand, medium compact. 4 - 8 Coarse to fine sand, compact. 8 - 12 Medium sand; some inorganic silt; compact. 12 - 16 Medium sand; some fine gravel; compact. 16 - 19 Medium sand; trace of inorganic silt; compact. 19 - 23 Medium to fine sand; some inorganic silt; compact. 23 - 29 Fine sand; some inorganic silt; compact. 29 - 33 Coarse to fine sand; trace of inorganic silt; compact. 33 - 38 Refusal. at 38 25 . Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt. 0 - 9- Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt and fine gravel. 9 - 17 Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt; slightly cemented. 17 **23 Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt and fine gravel. 23 - 36 Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt.'.. 36 - 50 Coarse to fine sand; trace of fine gravel and silt; micaceous 50 - 69 Coarse to fine sand; trace of medium to fine gravel and silt. 69 - 73 Coarse to fine sand; trace of silt. 73 - 76 PHILLIPSTON Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 4. Loamy sand, dry, loose, brown.... 0 - 3.5 Medium sand, dry, brown. 3*5 - 11 • 5 Medium sand; some gravel, dry, hard, brown. 11*5 - 12.5 Bedrock. 12.5 - 22.5 Depth 5 - Loamy sand; trace of gravel; dry, loose, brown. 0 3 Fine sand; some gravel; stones; dry, very hard, brown. 3 - 11 Fine sand; trace of gravel and stones, dry, hard, brown. 11 - 13*5 Bedrock. 13*5 - 20.5 ROYALSTON Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Boring 9- Sand; gravel; boulders; miscellaneous fill. 0-5 Soft loam and silt; trace of vegetation; moist. 5 - 7 Medium to fine, yellow sand; some fine gravel; trace of silt; wet. 7 - 14.5 Medium to fine, yellow-gray sand and gravel; boulders; wet. 14.5 - 24.5 Refusal. at 24.5 TEMP I£ TON U.S. Geological Survey Auger Borings Al. Brown, sandy loam. Medium-fine, light brown, uniform sand; occasional lense 0 .2 of fine, gray sand. .2 - 1.2 Medium-fine, yellow-brown sand.. Compact, fine, gray sand; becoming fine, brown sand; 1.2 - 1.8 some medium sand. Trace of gravel (fine, dark 1.8 - 2.6 brown, sandy loam at 2.6 ft.). Medium-fine, light brown sand; 2.6 - 3.2 trace of fine gravel. Dark brown to black, medium to 3.2 - 4.0 fine sand; sand mixed with trace of gravel and yellow, medium to fine sand becoming wet at 5*0 ft. with some gravel. 4.0 - 6.6 Dark brown, medium to fine sand, not wet. 6.6 - 7*5 Reddish, dark brown, medium to fine sand; some gravel. 7»5 - 8.0 Light brown, medium to fine sand; trace of gravel. 8.0 - 9*4 Compact, very fine, gray sand... 9*4 - 10.0 Light gray, fine to medium sand. 10.0 - 11.0 Light brown, fine to medium sand 11.0 - 12.0 Brown, medium to fine sand. 12.0 - 14.5 A2. Sand, dark-brown, coarse, some fine; water at 7 ft. 0 - 12 Sand, gray-brown, coarse, some fine; gravel at 22 ft. 12 - 27 Sand, light-brown, coarse, poorly sorted; gravel at 44 ft 27 - 46 Till, tight. 46 - 52 Refusal in till. at 52 A3. Gravel, brown, coarse, rounded to sub-angular. 0 - l8 Till. 18 - 22 Refusal in till. at 22 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings 13 . Sand; gravel; wood fill. 0 - 11 Coarse sand and gravel. 11 - 18.5 Sharp sand and gravel. 18.5 - 30 No refusal. 21 . Loam, sand, and gravel fill. 0 - 1.5 Fine sand. 1.5 - 11.5 Soft, yellow sand and clay. 11.5 - 27*5 Medium sand; gravel and little clay. 27.5 - 31 Hard sand; gravel; little clay.. 31 - 33*5 Ledge or boulders. at 33*5 Depth WARWICK U.S. Geological Survey Auger Boring Al. Sand, brown, medium to coarse, well stratified, medium sorting; some fine gravel; dry. Sand, brown, fine to medium, well sorted, quartz-abundant; 0 - 12 water at 17 ft. Sand, dark brown, medium to coarse, medium sorting; fine 12 ' - 23 rcunded gravel. Sand, dark brown, fine to coarse; mica flakes; much fine 23 - 28 gravel and some coarse gravel. Till, sandy, with much coarse 28 - 42 gravel. Refusal, probably in till. 42 - '*5-5 at 1 * 5.5 WINCHENDON U.S. Geological Survey Auger Borings Al. Sand, light brown, medium, well- sorted, quartz-rich; water at 10 ft. 0 - 12 Sand, light brown, fine, well- sorted, quartz-rich; gravel at 16 ft. and 20 ft. 12 - 23 Sand, brown, fine to medium, quartz- and mica-rich; some gravel. 23 - 24 Clay?. 24 - 25 Till. 25 - 27 Refusal. at 27 A2. Sand, light brown, medium, mica- rich. 0 - 12 Sand, light brown, coarse to medium; water at 1} ft. 12 - 32 Sand, light brown, coarse to medium, poorly-sorted; some gravel; some clay at 4l ft.... 32 - 42 Till. 42 - 47 Refusal. at 47 A3. Sand, dark brown, coarse, poorly-sorted; some gravel; water at 5 ft.; some clay from 23 ft. to 24 ft. 0 - 27 Clay, gray, silty, well-sorted, tight; some sand and gravel... 27 - 32 Till?. 32 - 35 Till or bedrock. at 35 A4. Sand, light brown, medium, mica-rich; water at 20 ft. 0 - 27 Sand, very light trown, u»edium to coarse, mica-rich; gravel at 35 ft. 27 - 37 Sand, very light brown, fine; clay at 38-39 ft., and 4l ft.. 37 - 42 Silt, gray, clayey. 42 - kj Refusal, in silt or clay. at hj A5. Sand, light brown, coarse; and gravel. 0 - 17 Sand, light brown, coarse. 17 - 27 Sand, brown, medium to coarse; capillary zone at approximately 37 ft. 27 - 37 Sand, brown, coarse, some fine to medium; water table at approximately 45 ft. 37 - kj Sand, brown, coarse, some medium. kj - 97 Sand, gray, medium, some coarse. 97 -107 Sand, gray, fine. 107 -117 Sand, gray, fine; and silt. 117 -122 Refusal. at 122 - 20 - Table 5» — Logs of selected borings--Continued Depth Depth Depth WINCHENDON (Continued) 6 . 18 . Fill, brown, fine to coarse Riprap and boulder fill...’. 0 6.5 Mass. Dept. Public Works Bridge Borings sand; little fine to medium Firm, coarse sand and coarse gravel, medium dense. 0 5 gravel... 6.5 - 12.5 2. Brown, fine to coarse sand and Hard, coarse sand and coarse Loose, coarse sand. 0 4.5 fine to coarse gravel; trace gravel... 12.5 - 16 Hard, coarse sand and qoarse of silt. 5 - 10 Refusal. at 16 gravel. 4-5 - 10 Gray, fine to coarse sand and Hard, coarse sand and coarse fine to coarse gravel, (rock 20 . gravel, very little clay. 10 19 fragments), very dense. 10 10.5 Loose, coarse sand; and No refusal. Refusal. at 10.5 coarse gravel. 0 7.5 Peaty sand. 7.5 - 8.5 i- 13 . Hard, compact sand. 8.5 - 13 Loam; sand; gravel; and Riprap fill. 0 5 Cemented sand and fine gravel,. boulder fill. 0 8 Sawdust fill. 5 - 9.5 hardpan. 13 - 16 Coarse, yellow sand; gravel; and Firm sand; gravel. 9.5 - 12.5 boulders. 8 - 11 Cemented sand; gravel; little 29 . Sandy silt. 11 15 clay, hardpan. 12-5 - 16.5 Loose, dirty sand and gravel... 0 1-5 Coarse yellow sand; gravel; and Refusal, rock or boulder. at 16.5 Hard sand; gravel; and mica.... 1.5 - 5 boulders. 15 - 21 Ledge or boulders. at 5 Medium, yellow sand.. 21 28.5 Coarse, yellow sand and gravel... 28.5 - 35 Coarse, yellow sand, gravel, and boulders. 35 - 41 Medium, yellow sand and gravel... 4l 46.5 Very compact sand; gravel; boulders. 46.5 - 48 Refusal. at 48 21 u -P A CO Ph -p d) h S o Cd o x tn

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S ft cd ft 00 -ft G O ft G CD ft O G ft ro t- ON rn ir\ -ft LfN o\ ft" 00 t- co -ft ft t- LfN LfN OO OO LTN r- PO ON tft VO O rH OO CM i—1 •s *\ •s •V CV1 rH ON vo l/N VO 1—1 rH i—1 LfN CO ft