OF IGREENPJERSEY -*>^ *i H m Ik I 1 1 ^i* ^<^ IkMNOIS LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 977.384 H62 111. Hist. Survey HISTORY ME MB JeRIE¥ 6©IM¥IBI, ILLINOIS, TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE TOWNS, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDUCATIONAL CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF REPRESENTATIVE MEN. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS, EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC RACES, AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL AND MILITARY HISTORY. ILLUSTRATED, SPRINGFIELD, ILL.: CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL CO. THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO THE § xmtm of 6vccnc and Jersey COUNTIES. With the Hope that theik Virtues may be Emulated, and theib Toils and Sacrifices Appreciated by coming Generations. PRINTED BY THE DAILY EYE BOOH PRINTING HOUSE, POODHOUSE. ILL. PREFACE, The importance of preserving in concise form the traditions of the past has never been questioned, nor the usefulness of local history been disputed. Be- lieving that the counties of Jersey and Greene afforded most excellent mater- ial for a »ood county history, the Continental Historical Company placed in the field a full corps of experienced historians, prepared to spare no time or money in compiling a complete and reliable work. The manuscript of this history has been submitted to the committees chosen by your citizens for the purpose, who, after a critital examination oi them, have approved of our work. We feel con- fident that we here present our patrons with a work that is as correct as it is possi- ble for humanity to make. That errors have crept in, and may be found, we do not doubt. Man is, at the best, but a fallible creature, but every statement herein published, is honestly believed in by the parties furnishing the information, by the historians, and by the committees of revision. All desire the truth, and noth- ing but the truth. They gave much time and labor to the work, and deserve tbe thanks of the citizens of t u county for the faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them. Our thanks are due to tbe numerous friends wbo have so kindly assisted us in gathering up items and assisting in the compilation of this volume. We cannot name them all, for their name is legion, but we must not forget to mention Hon. George E.Warren, Hon. YV. II. Allen, Hon. J. N. English, Morris R.Locke J. E. Cooper, J. I. McGready and James and Will Eads, A. W. Cross. John A. Shephard, J. E. Starr, of Jersey county, and Hon. R. H. Davis, H. C. Withers, C. Armstrong, M. D., J. R. Keach, B. Gillingham, E. Woolley, John Jones, Geo. Coonrod, Ed. Miner and Anthony Connole, of Greene county, and the other county officials, members of the press, and others. Nor must we forget to remember and thank the historians of the company who have labored so hard and faithfully for the good of all — James S. Walters, general historian; Maurice E. Power and Charles W. Moseley, assistant historians; YV. M. Shumaker, T. B. Poole, G. W. Poole, J. W.Bailey, Charles H. Shaler, George A. Franklin, Karr McClintock, and Joseph II. Power, local historians; H. T. Loper, of the portrait department; Mrs. W. B. Wetherbee and .Miss Mary Power, editors of the biographical department. All have tried to do their duty well, and please the company and our patrons. In conclusion, we would say that our work is done; the History of Greene and Jersey Counties is before you. We cheerfully hope it will please you. Yours Very Truly, THE CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL COMPANY. Springfield, Illinois, December, 1885. ->>5*Tb Certificate of Committees, WE, the undersigned Committees appointed for the purpose of revising the History of Greene and Jersey Counties, now being compiled by the Continental Historical Company, of Springfield, III., do hereby certify that the manuscript was submitted to us, and that we have made all the corrections and additions, which we, in our judgment deemed necessary, and as thus corrected., we approve of the same. GENERAL COMMITTEE OP JERSEY COUNTY. J. T. Grimes, J. E. Cooper, Charles W. Carroll, William Mellow. Moses Ward. William II. Allen, (i. W. Burke, John II. Belt, George E. Warren. N. M. Lurton. TOWNSHIP COMMITTEES. William Falkner. Henry Ryan. J. T. Hauskins, Juhn 11. Belt, — Ruvle. Samuel Simmons, —English. Jeremiah Bell, J. ST. English, —Fidelity. Moses Ward. Geo. W. Burke, Henry Wieghardt, —Jersey. .lames E. Starr, William T. West, W G. Onetto. — Richwoods. W. II. Allen, J. B. Reintges. George W. Slaten, — Elsah. X. M. Lurton, —Quarry. Jacob Lurton, William McDow, Ephraim Chappell, Phineas Eldredge C.W.Carroll. — Mississippi. H. I). Edwards. Aaron Dodson. .lames Pennifield, —titter Creek. Thomas Wedding — Rosedale. — Piasa. GENERAL COMMITTEE OF GREENE COUNTY. E. Woolley. G. W. Coonrod, L. S. Eldred, C. Armstrong, Ed. Miner. TOWNSHIP COMMITTEES. Edwin Woolley, S. M. Henderson, A.Barrow, (i. W. Coonrod, B. B. Hamilton. J. Hanks, L. F. Williams. .1. C. Winters. E. M. Husted. —Rockbridge. Isaac 11. Vedder, — Roodhouse —White Hall. II. C. Withers. James Barnard, John I.Thomas, B. Gillingham, M. P. Grider, C. Armstrong, Jesse Ballard, David Jackson, — Carrollton. John Painter, — Athensville — Walkerville. S.G.Russell, John Rhodes. P. Fenitv. Yillroy Robley. E. J. Secor, S.E.Greene, F. M. Fishback, — Linder. A. T. Perry, — Bluffdale. ' —Kane. L. E. Carter, „. ,^ -, r i • ™ , • A. J. Wright, G. W. Collister, J - E - Melvin-Rubicon. Parham Thaxton— Wrights. —Patterson. Elisha Yarble— AVoodville. TABLE OF CONTENTS, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTER I. THE MOUND BUILDERS Other Races Indians Illinois Confederacy Early Discoveries First Settlements English Utile CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS. County of Illinois North wen tern Territory Ordinance of 1787 Illinois Territory CHAPTER III. STATE ORGANIZATION First Constitution The Winnebago War Black Hawk War TAGE Internal Improvements :iu Improvements Inaugurated 30 Illinois and Michigan Canal 31 CHAPTER IV. MORMON, MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS 32 The Buttle of Nauvoo, 35 Mexican War 38 The War for the Union 35 CHAPTEB V. GOVERNMENT 40 Lieutenant-Governors 42 superintendent of Public Instruction 43 Attorney-Generals 43 'I reasurers 43 Secretaries of State 43 Auditors ,.. 44 United states Senators 44 Representatives in Congress 46 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTEB II. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES. CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY CHAPTEB IV. EARLY SETTLEMENT Early Settlement of Jersey County CHAPTER V. COUNTY GOVERNMENT The County Court .' The County Commissioners CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL... CHAPTEB VII. JUDICIAL CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. JOURNALISM IN JERSEY COUNTY 117 Backwoodsman 120 Newspaper 121 The Democratic Union 121 The Jersey County Democrat. 122 Prairie State 127 The Jerseyville Examiner 128 The Jerseyville Register. 129 Jerseyville Republican 1211 The Republican Examiner 130 Grafton Independent 135 The Jersey Independent 136 The Free Press 137 The (iraftou News 138 Jersey County Prohibitionist 139 Jerseyville Evening Times 139 The Daily Times 139 CHAPTER X. THE BAR 140 CHAPTEB XI. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 148 CHAPTEB XII. COUNTY SOCIETIES 162 Agricultural Society IBS Old Settlers Society 165 Jersey County Farmers' Mutual Ins. Co ltiti TABLE OF CONTENTS.. CHAPTER XIII. PAGE ECCLESIASTICAL 167 First Presbyterian Church, Jerseyville 108 Otterville Presbyterian Chnrch 173 Episcopal Church of Jerseyville .. 178 Delaware Congregational Church, Kemper 171 Bethel Baptist Church, Ruyle township 175 Lebanon Baptist Church 17."> First Missionary Baj-tist, Mississippi township.. 170 Otter Creek Baptist Churcb 170 Autioel, Baptist Church. Otter Creek township.. 17fi Colored Baptist Chnrch of Jerseyville 176 Ke Fidelity Bantiat Church Fidelity township 177 Newhern Cumberland Presbyterian Church 178 Fieldon Cumberland Presb\ icrian 178 TheM. E. Church, Jerseyville 181 The M. E. Church, Fidelity township 18:1 Shiloh M. E. Chnrch, Otter Creek township..., 183 Meadow Branch M, E. Church, Kosedale Tp 184 Fieldon M. E. Church 1S4 TheM. E. Church, of Kiehwoods township 184 Hopewell Methodist Church, Fidelity township.. 184 The M. E. Church, Elsah 185 Bethel M. E. Church. Mississippi township 185 i Evangelical Lutheran, Jerseyville 186 German Luther in church. Fieldon. Catholic Church of Jersey ville St. Michael Catholic church, Elsah township... Catholic Church at Grafton German Catholic Church, Jerseyville St. Mary's Catholic Church, English t .wnship. CHAPTER XIV. NATL, STATE, COUNTY REPRESENTATION... CHAPTER XV. EDUCATIONAL CHAPTER XVI. THE WARFORTHE UNION 232 Roster 237 7th, 9th, 12th and 14th Infantry 237 14th Illinois Infantry '. 238 18th. 22d and 27th Infantry 241 27th Illinois Infantry 242 31st, 32d, 33d. 47th aiid 53d Infantry 244 49th. 59th and 61st Infantry 215 62d, 66th, 72d and 97th Infantry 246 97th Illinois Infantry 249 99th Infantry " 250 122d Infantry 251 124th Infantry 852 133d and 144th Infantry 253 Roll of Honor '. 254 CHAPTER XVII. ELSAH TOWNSHIP 275 Early Settlement 275 Elsah 276 Business Interests 276 Hotels 216 Still House and Grist Mill 236 Fishery ',!,*, Postoflice— Municipal— Public School 272 Cornet Baud— Town Hall— Roller Mills 272 CHAPTER XVIII. OTTER CREEK TOWNSHIP 274 Early Settlement 274 Cemetery— Religious— Educational— First Items. 292 Otterville 293 Present Business Interests 294 Mills 295 CHAPTER XIX. QUARRY TOWNSHIP. Early Settlement.... PAGE Grafton 308 Business Interests. . 309 Bank of Grafton 311 Hotels 312 Mills — Stone Quarries 322 Ferry Boats— First Items 324 Camden 321 CHAPTER XX. PIASA TOWNSHIP 325 Early Settlement 325 Delhi 334 Postoffice 335 Hotels— Educational— Societies 836 CHAPTEE XXI. ENGLISH TOWNSHIP 337 Early Settlement 338 Educatioual 343 Cemeteries— Historic Items — Religious 344 CHAPTER XXII. RICHWOODS TOWNSHIP 366 Early Settlement 866 Fieldon 387 Present Business Interests 388 Bank— Hotel -Municipal— Mills 391 Clendennen 395 CHAPTER XXIII. ROSED ALE TOWNSHIP 396 Early Settlers 397 Educational— Mills : 398 Cemeteries 399 Teneriffe 399 CHAPTER XXIV. FIDELITY TOWNSHIP 411 Early Settlement 411 Educational— The Grange 427 Cemetery — Religious— Historic Items 428 Fidelity.. ' 429 Present Business Interests 429 Educational— Hotels— Mills— Postoffice 430 CHAPTER XXV. MISSISSIPPI TOWNSHIP 433 Early Settlement 433 First Items— Educational 451 Neweern 453 Cemetery 453 Newberu Horse-thief Detective Society 453 McCluskey 453 East Newbern 455 Dow 456 CHAPTER XXVI. RUYLE TOWNSHIP 457 Early Settlement 453 Kemper 459 Business Interests 459 Religious— Postoffice 461 CHAPTER XXVII. JERSEY TOWNSHIP 470 Early Settlement - 171 First Items 491 JER6EYV1LLE 492 Early History 493 Present Business Interests 495 Banking 507 Hotels 513 Jerseyville Agricultural Works 515 Elevators 516 Mills 519 Brick Yard— Nurseries 522 Young Ladles Seminary 522 Municipal— Newspapers— Cemetery 533 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. CHATTER I. PAGE INTRODUCTION 553 (HATTER II. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 555 CHATTER III. EARLY SETTLEMENT 567 Pioneers of Greene C innty 557 CHAPTEB IV. GC VERNMENT AND OFFICIAL MATTER 578 An Act establishing Greene County 578 The County Court " 5 w County Commissioners 532 Board of County Supervisors 593 CHAPTER V. COURTS OF GREENE COUNT V 597 CHATTER VI. EDUCATIONAL 602 CHATTER VII. COUNTY SOCIETIES 605 Old Settlers Association 607 Constitution 608 CHATTER VIII. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 611 7th. 9th.r_'th and 14th 111. Inf 616 Veteran Battalion 14th, 15th and 16th Inf 617 18th. 19th. 2Jd, 27th. 28th. 29th. 30th and 32d Inf. 61-* 33d. 31th. 38th, 49th and 5l>th Inf 6-'l 53d. 55th, 5- III and 59th Inf 621 Teteran Organization 626 6lst Infantry 620 62d. 64th. Gbtb. 70th and Slst Inf 633 97th, 101st, 106th, 113th and 114th Inf 63.1 119th, 122.1. 124th, 126th, 127th, 128lu. 129th Iul . B 17 133d, Iulautrv 6ii 114IU. 145th. 146th and I49th Inf 039 l'i.l, 154th Int. and 3d Cav 639 6tb. 7th, 9th, nth. nth and 12th Cav 610 let, 2d, and 29th TJ S. Colored Inf 611 2d and 4th Reg. U. S. Vet. Vol 642 • HATTER IX. POLITICAL 647 CHATTER X. NATL, STATE, COUNTY REPRESENTATION. . 663 C HATTER XL THE BAR OF GREENE COUNTY 708 CHAPTER xn. MEDICAL PROFESSION OF GREENE COUNTY . 720 CHAPTER XIII. TflEPRE^S OF THE COUNTY 733 Carrol I ton Advocate 73> Carrollton Gazette 739 Greene Cnuuty Banner 74 1 Carrollton Democrat .. 14! Carrollton Press 74i Carrollton Patriot 741 White Hall Register 7J5 Greeufield Independent 749 The Comet 749 PAGE The Locomotive 741 Greenfield News 7419 Greenfield Dispatch 750 Greene Connty Republican 750 Greenfield Weekly Argus. 7so White Ball Republican 753 Evening Republican 753 White Bali Tribune 754 Roodhonse Signal 757 Roodhoase Headlight. 757 1. 1 lent... 757 Greene County Democrat 757 Harpers Herald 757 Greene County Advocate 75. Daily M.rning Journal 757 Roodhonse Review 757 Roodhonse Eagle 758 Roodhonse Journal 758 Greene County Union 759 Roodhonse Dailv Union 759 Roodhouse Daily Eve 760 Weekly Eye '61 CHATTER XIV. BCC1 BSJASTIOAX 761 Christian Church. White Hall 762 Hickory Grove United Baptist Church 702 Providence Baptist Church 763 All Souls Roman Catholic-Church, White Hall. . 763 Christian Church. Carrollton 7<3 Baptist Church, Kane 764 Bt-ptist Church, White. Hall 765 St Michaels Roman Catholic, Greenfield 766 First Presbyterian Church or White Hall 706 Baptist Church. Rockbridge 767 Baplisl Church. Plea-ant Point 768 Baptist Church. Wrightsrille 768 Presbyterian Church, Walnut Grove 768 Methodist Cbnrch, Walnut Grove 769 Baptist Church, Bluff/dale 769 Christian Church, Athensville 770 Richwoods United Baptist Church. 770 Baptist Churches of Greene County 770 Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Greenfield.. . 771 M E. Church, Greenfield 771 M. E. Church, Carrollton 772 Akers M E. Chapel, Linder township 773 Baptist Church, Carrollton 774 Presbyterian Church. Carrollton 7,0 Mt. Zion P. M. Church 778 Oakland Baptist Church 778 First Universalis! Church 778 United Baptist Church, Athensville 778 Baptist! hnrch, Middle Fork, of Apple Croek... 779 Trinitv Episcopal Church. Carrollton 780 Ebene'zer M E Church, Roodhouse township.. 781 Martin's Prairie Bethel Baptist, Roodhouse Tp. 781 Methodist Church, White Hall 78] St. John's Roman Catholic, Carrollton 7-j St. Aloysius Catholic Church, Roodhouse 782 M. E. Church. Roodhouse 783 Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Roodhouse.. 783 Washington Baptist Church, Roodhouse 784 The Congregational Church. Roodhouse 7t4 CHAPTER XV. KANE TOWNSHIP 78uT Early Settlement 7o8 Educational — Cemeteries 805 ( oNUAYVILLh 805 Kane 804 Banks— Hotels— Kane Nursery 814 Lime Kiln— Ra.l road 815 Religions 813 Municipal— Educational— Postoflice 814 Societies 816 Yaeger Mills, and their burning 627 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVI. ritiE BLDFFDALE TOWNSHIP 885 Early Settlement 826 Organic— Seely's Mill 839 Postottices— Blnfl'dale— Eldred— Educational 840 CHAPTER XVII. WOODVILLE TOWNSHIP 849 Early Settlement. 850 Organic— Cemetery 865 WOODVILLK 865 CHAPTER XVIII. RUBICON TOWNSHIP 87rt Early Settlement 879 Cemetery— Organic 88T CHAPTER XIX. ROCKBRIDGE TOWNSHIP HI Early Seltlemtut t-91 Rockbkidoe 9U2 Greenfield 905 Early Days 906 Postoflice— Hotels 912 Mills 913 Educational 914 City Government— Police Court -Railroads 918 Depot— Express Agencies 919 Fayette 925 CHAPTER XX. LINDER TOWNSHIP »j6 Early Settlement 9.16 Educational... 941 Cemetery — Daum Postoflice— Poor Farni 942 CHAPTER XXI. WRIGHTS TOWNSHIP 943 Early Settlement 944 Educational 955 Cemetery— First Items 956 Wkisutsville 956 Poetoffico— Railroad 958 CHAPTER XXII. PATTERSON TOWNSHIP 959 Early Settlement 959 Schutz's Mill 962 Patterson 970 Postoflice — Society 972 CHAPTER XXIII. ATHENSViLLE TOWNSHIP 974 Early Settlement 975 First Items— Felter Postoflice 986 Richwoods Cemetery 986 PAOE Saw Mill 987 ATHEN8VTLLB 986 Postoflice— Flouring Mill 989 CHAPTER XXIV. WALKERYILLE TOWNSHIP 994 Early Settlement 995 First Items -Educational— Organic 1000 Walkervillk 1000 CHAPTER XXV. C ARriOLLTON TOWNSHIP 1002 Early Settlement 1002 First Items— Organic— Educational —Cemeteries 1023 Berdan 1023 Carr* >lltox 1025 Present Business Interests 1029 Banking 1038 Carrol I ton Roller Mill 1043 Elevators— Greene County Creamery 1044 Fire Department— Government 1050 Postoflice 1051 CHAPTER XXVI. WnlTE HALL TOWNSHIP 1060 Early Settlement 1060 Recollections 01 S. M. neuderson 1075 Other Prominent Citizens 10T6 Cemeteries 1081 N f.w Providence 1082 Representative Citizens 1083 White Hall 1084 Present Aspect of the City 10S6 Potteries and Tile Works 1086 White Hall .Machine Works 1091 White Hall Chair Factory— Flouring Mill 1093 Banks— Opera House— Library 1100 Postofflce 1101 Educational 1102 White Hall Nursery 1103 Hotels 1107 Nurserv— Depots 110S Cornet Band 1109 Societies 1110 Municipal — Prominent Citizens 1111 CHAPTER XXVII. ROODHOUSE TOWNSHIP 1117 Earlv Settlement 1117 Lending Citizens 1118 Hotels 1139 Roo :house Bank 1141 Insurance 1142 Postoflice 1144 Roundhouse 1141 Religious 1146 Societies .''. 1146 Municipal 1149 Representative Citizens 1149 PORTRAITS. Baldwin, Benjamin 68' Gillingham, B 858 j Keach, Mrs. Hiram 823 Gilliugham, Juliet A. E 859 King, Rev. George Lurton, Nelson M 349 Spencer, Henry R 585 Wilkinson, Henley 1105 BIOGRAPHICAL, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Pas Adams. N. L.. Albrecht, l.ou Albert.Carl... Allen, James Allen, Edward 358 Allen, William II Anderson, Tnomas W Arboga6t, John Aydelott. Thomas B 432 o, Thomas C 441 carrico. Leandcr C 271 ; Carlin, Major Waller E. 206 Carter, Joseph B 469 Carroll, John I! 897 rroll, Edward -J58 ! Carroll, William J 407 oil, John 259 Bagley, Marcus E 220 Carroll, Charles W 259 Baliard, John J 479 Case, Thomas A 3u0 Ballard. John 493lcasey, Dr Edwin A 151 Barber, Horace K 299|casey. John 421 Bartlett, William H .CI 1 Catt, Charles 490 Bartletl, Charles B ^chance, Kzikiel 342 PAGE Cannon, James 374 Carr, Joseph S Bales, Sil Bates, William Bauer, John C Baum, William Beach.C. D Becker. Frederick. . Bell Jeremiah Belt, Horatio N Belt, L. T Belt, James H Belt, John H Hertman, Frederick ... 54.'i Bettis, Daniel 442 Blaestr, Peter 357 Black, John R 221 Block, Philip 506 Bowker, William 423 Bowman, Charles II 226 Boynton, John E 504 Brainerd. Charles 323 Bray, William I 319 Bridges, John C 363 Brigham, Edward R 394 Briggs, William 371 Brinton, William S 319 Briughurst. Dr. James.. 151 Brock, Tarlton F 276 Brock, Robert T 536 Brockmeyer, Henry 352 Brooks, Charles 477 Brown, Spaulding E.... 303 Brown, William S 409 Brown, Jehu 839 Brown, John 339 Brown, JohuG 265 Bucklee.John 439 Buffinglon, C. G 390 Buftington, Dr. C. G 161 Bull, Charles F 297 Burgess, William 302 Burke, George W 543 Burris. Seth 301 Burritt. Dr. A. II 150 Burns, Patrick B 488 Butt, William Cadwalader, Jesse K Cairns, George 328 Calame.L. W 379 Calhoun, James W 5)9 Calhoun, Solomon 221 Calhoun, Adrastus 290 Campbell, Benjamin F Campbell, Thomas J.. Campbell, Jerome 370 hapman, Thomas II H>'i chapman, Theodore IS . 326lchappell, W. H 173 Chappell, Ephraim... 159 nhappell, Willi happell, Bartholomew. 437 ■in uluise, Charles M 306 345 I ihenay, Prentiss D 54u 39- Cheney, Captain Murray 224 22i. Chidis'ier. R. C 269 bristopher, Mary B 426 ockrell, Moses 505 ole, Rev. Luther E 218 olean, Nelson 340 Cole 339 onn, felihu '.'. '.'..'.'.'. 44 olean. James R... Cope. Edman 'ooper, Jonathan E Ho Joel. ulthard, William H . . 516 Crain. Siias.Sr 339 Craln John 338 Crawford, Joha B 261 Cthv John 466 'ross, Hugh N.... 508 Cross, AudrewW 509 Ings, Thomas 434 Cummiug8, Josiah 434 Dabbs, W. W 275 Dabbs, James 275 Dannels John C 467 Danuels, John F 467 Dannels. C. A 467 Darby, William 500 Darby, J. C 499 D'Arcy, Dr. Edward A... 150 Dare, Oliver 307 Darlington, Samuel 444 Darlington, John H 444 Darueille, Isaac 197 Darr, Matnew 340 Dashwood, Edward O... 422 Davenport, Fredericks. 549 Davis, Daniel SO' Davis, John W 486 Davis, William 404 Davison. William 445 Day, Samuel 474 Decker, Cornelius 362 DcFo86a, Antoiue 306 Dempsey, William S 312 279 304 Dodge, Vilas L 468 Dodson. Theodore 521 Dodson, FrancisM, 521 Dodson. Rev. Aaron... Dolau, Peter Iionnallv, Thomas K... Doron, Enos T. Dougherty, John G Dougherty, Samuel J. M 283 Douglas, Stephen A. Downey, S. G Drainer, Peter 346 Dunbar, .Tn Dunham, Benjamin 370 Dunphy, Patrick 549 Dymond, Robert 455 Euds, James . Bads, William Eaton, C. B... Edgar, William S 536 Edear. Col. W Edsall, C. P... Edsall, Thomas 265 Edwards, Henry D 327 Edwards, Andrew 327 Edwards, George W 382 Edwards, William B.... 385 Egolhoff, George 514 Eldredge, Phineas 215 Ellis, Samuel C 28b Elliott, Jr., Lewis 464 Elliott, Sr., Lewis 463 Elliott, Thomas B 464 Ely, Richard R 424 Emnley, George W 48(1 Embley, William 540 Engel, Leon 498 English, Lindsev H 494 Eujjlisb, Hon. John N.. 199 English, Lloyd T 345 English. Jr.,' John N.... 348 Enos.Dr.C.W 155 Enos, Dr. Charles R 155 Erwin, Samuel 340 Erwin, John G 361 Erwin, J. D 341 Erwin, Dr. A. D 159 Everts, Andrew J 445 360 493 Falkner, William Falkner, James.. Farriugtou, Silas. 31 Farley, Dr. R. D 15 Ferns, Thomas F 14 Fisher. Cornelius B. . . . 47 Fitzgerald, Joeeph W Marli Flautf, Dr. James A.... Fleming. James 355 Fondel, Mathias D 378 Ford, Horatio N 448 Fox, J*hn 542 Francis, Dr. E F 161 Frcdenburg, Ephraim.. . 284 Fulks, John 365 Fulkerson, W. II 475 Carrels, John Gerson, William F. Gary, Dr. James F. . 354 TACK Giberson, JameB M 264 Gi.T8. H I, 294 Gill, Dr. Henry Z If3 Gillham, John D 433 Gilworth, Harvey 468 Gleasou, David D 403 Gleason, William C 400 Gledhill, Robert C 512 .John H 354 Gcetten, Charles 353 dtnau, James G 332 Goodman John A 331 Gocdrich, Adams A 143 Goodrich, H 547 lirandstaff. William 407 Greathouse, Joseph F... 144 Green, Elisha 371 Green, Addison 449 Green, Nathaniel 449 Grether, William M 454 Grimes, Philip 338 Grimes, Jarrett T 482 Gioppel, Herman 380 Grosjcan, Nicholas 488 Gunterman, Sr. John... 366 Haag, Frederick 331 Hagen, Joseph 355 " iltou, Dr. Joseph O. 157 ilton. Dr. Silas 278 ilton, Clarence M.. 501 Hamilton, William 279 Hamilton, Martin V .... 335 Hamilton, Dr. John B... 153 Harmon, Henrv C 364 Harris. James M 450 Hart, John 3o7 Hartman, Frederick 446 Harty, Rev. James 188 Hauskins, James T 431 Hayes, llarley E 545 llediey, Will'H 134 Heiderscheid, Nicholas. 374 Henderson, Richmond.. 473 Henderson, Frank P 548 dman, George W... 117 zel, John... 351 litt. William R 310 Highflll. D. M 405 Highfill.T. S 404 Hill, Robert L 220 Hill, Oscar 503 , William 378 Hoelker, Anton 353 Holten, John 356 Hooper. Gates 354 Horn, John 390 IUward, Edward D 269 Howell, JamcB 327 Howell. John 361 Huffman, Rev. JohnT.. 317 Huitt. John W 458 Humiston. Arthur H 295 Humislon. Linus 299 Hunter, William II 491 Kurd. J. M 216 Hutchinson, William H.. 426 Jackson, George II 543 Jackson, George H 223 Jewsbury, Ebeaezer C. 359 BIOGRAPHICAL. PAGE Johnson, Charles W. ... 422 Johnson, William 10,< Johnson, ThomaH 38a Jones. RiceT 440 Kallal, Frank 370 Keller, Cosmos 207 Kelly, Charles H 137 Kennedy, Isaac N 299 Kennedy, Isaac 287 Kesler, Jacob 260 Keveer, Hiram T 271 King, Robert A 201 King, Rev. Geo. Ives... 542 Kirchner, Charles R 285 Kirchner, Otha 363 Kirchner George C Siiti Knapp, Dr. A. ll 80S Knapp, Hon. Robt. A Knapp, Anthony L. . . Knapp, Dr. A. R Knapp, Dr. Charles A... ,. Koinaiek, Frank 4 , ; , Nelson, bud . Kronsbin, August J 389 >:'""'">>'':•. , uallc * hru.g.r. V .1 ..in ... A-vhib, vVi|.«m E Krn. gVr, George 371. ^ v '» e ' }}??&" ' ' 44s Newberrv. Daniel. ' 147 Newton. Robert... 357 Noble, Caleb .... 405 JJoDle, William Martin, Moses 341 Mason, James 318 Massev, Henry C 207 Matthews. Isoni 410 Medford, -lohu 3(17 r. Anthony 355 Metzdorf. Malhias 37ti MvBenbnrg Ernst 311 Middendorf. Francis — 35" Milem, Allen \V 375 Miles, D. D. S.Geo. S... 506 Miller, Henry T 289 Milton. Charles 478 Miner, Nathaniel 490 Moore, James 422 Moore. Isiac M 379 Moss, James P 288 MosB.James C 288 Moweu, Peter 352 194 Murphy. William 319 ', 156 Mvers, Jr.,E. A. R .... 505 I Riggs, B. A Rippley, Frank Rister, Jacob, Ritehey, Mordecai J. Roach, David J Roady John R rts, Frank M Rogers, Silas W . . . . Rogers, Noah T.... Rogers, Henry S. . . Ruebel, Michael ... RuBk, Hugh Ruyle, William L, . . Ruyle, Mrs. Mary.. Ryan. Henry Ryan, John Ryan, Richardson. .. 39.i .. 550 Lamb, John J Lane, George F. . Landon, Milo Larabee, William Larue, William ., Legate, E. B 4U» Legate. Marshall B 409 Legate, Henry L 40b Lehmkuhl W. U 291 Leuz. Joseph 364 Lesem, M. K 429 Lindley, Horace 331 Lcehr, Christian A 266 Lofton, Judge John G... 433 Lofton, John L 377 Long, Charles P 3:50 Lott, Dr. John W 15" Loux. Jacob S 494 Love, John E 44C Lowe, Frank I L»we, Richard I Lund, Charles W Lurton . -Jacob Lurton, Nelson M Linton. Nelson R.... Lvnu, Rev. Samuel.. Lynn, William 11. ... ;.r Noble, Henry ' Noble, Ziba ooo Noble, J. N 300 Nugent, R. R 314 N agent, Mary A 332 Oehler, Herman 331 O'Maley, Anthony 364 Onetto, William G 271 Olney.C. s 388 Ottennsuseu, George 377 , Joseph M. W 12.", Palmer, Oriu 460 Palmer, William 169 Park, Dr. Wesley 160 Parsell, Peter R 41fi Patterson, Mai Gershom 338 Patlon, Isaac T 290 Pennington. Lott 230 Perrine, Charles Perry, Dr. James C... Phipps, Thomas K PIggott, George Piggoit. Isaac N McAdams, Wm. Sr 551 McAdams, Jr., Hon. Wm 20: McCann, George W 44i McClintoek, John A ... 31: McCollister, Isaac 421 McDauel, Gregg.. McDanel. Charles McDow, Thomas McDow, Charles ( McDow, Marion.. McDow, James 435 McDow, .lohu N McDow, William . . . McDow, John H McGready, Jesse I.. McKinney, James... McKinuey, Abiram.. McNeil, Levi McReyuolds, Alex. L MeRc'vnulds, Thoma Madden, John 365 Mains. Freetran J. . Malotte. Joseph S . Marshall, John C. .. Marshaw, Joseph . Marstou.Cap-ain 01 Mars ton. Joseph G Ma-tin. George .. 212 Pinckard. James B Hon. Wm. H Post, Caleb A Potter, Rev. ThomaB Powel, James P :15s Powel, o P 202 Power, Peter 481 Power, John 363 Preble, H.D 398 Price, Thomas A 43" Prill, Carl 381 quirk, William 423 Rainey, William, 356 Randolph, i ewis , 440 Randolph, Oliver S 476 Ratcliff, George W 410 Recker, Augustus 480 Reddish, Zeddock 387 Reed, John L 401 Rcinhart, Rev. Frank J. 344 Reintges, John B 266 Renter, Theo. F 502 Renter, Abraham 548 Roades, William 260 Rhoads, John V 465 Rice, Andrew J 360 Richards, i;.; c Sapp, John H 381 Saner, Hubert 34e Sayer, James 423 Schaaf. Sigel 356 Scheffer, H 498 Scribner, George F 450 Schmieder, Charles. Schceberle, Frank... Schreiber, lohn Schroeder, Joseph B. Seolt. Charles W Seott, Joseph G Seago, James L SeagO, ltouglas Seago, William R. . . seibold, Philip Selbv, Thomas J 218 Semple, Gen. James 19" Shephard, Uenrv A 512 Shephard.Hon. William. r-.ii Shephard. John A 511 Shobe, Dr. A. A 15-1 Short, Glover 484 Short. Edmund H... snortal, James Simmons, Richard J Simmons, John 11 . . Simmons, Samuel C. Simmons, C. W 413 Simmons, Edward B Sinclair, James I). . . Si-son. John W Slaten, Henry L -lalen. William D. I Slaten. George N ... Slaten, Rev. George. Slaten, James 1, .... Slaten, Allen M Slot er, Dr. Austin F Smith, Greg R Smilh, John F Snei'.eker, Samuel J. Snedeker.Hon. Orville A 635 Snedeker. Isaac 634 Spangle. George W 148 Spangle, Andrew 2S" Spaufding, William II.. 39! Spencer, James A 37: Stafford, John P 40 Stafford, Christopher P. 30 Stafford, Brook 31 Stall, John 36 stanhope. Abel II 262 Stanley, Matthew C 480 Starr, James E - 268 Stelle, Deacon Jacob K 44 Stelle, Moore C Stephauy A. H Stieren, Charles Stillwell, Jeremiah O Stillwell, Leauder Stotler, James II uddeth, Jam. sE .., AGE PA«K 481 Sumrall, Dr. George — 154 :'.V Sunderland, I.lovd W... 176 261 Swan, John T... 2S6 .!,' j Taegi r, Rev. Herman... 394 ',',:■ Tai 'lor. John Henry 469 ,S retry, Jasper M 212 , ' ,-. ,,\. llcnn C 277 ,.', I hompson, WilliamG... 410 .„'. Thompson, Andrew J — 407 :,'- Tli,, re, nan A N 30:1 .%,' Thornton. John 338 :',., Ti.ll.all, Dr. J 159 uf Tiff, Oliver A 514 ',',, i I impe, William 360 , , i. [man, Silas W 487 , i, i, , David F.... 456 ' .,,:, iral.ue, Murray B 420 , Edward 420 Trible, John 414 Trotter, D. Q 419 Trotter, John W 419 Tnnnard, George 330 Twitchel, John 466 Tyson, Rev. Ira C 171 46s Vahle, Louis 361 Vahle, Anthony 361 Vahle. John 478 Vanausdall, Allen M.... 297 VanDervoort, B. C 495 denburs, Peter E ... 522 VauHorne, Dr. A. K.... 154 VauHorne. George H — 439 Vaughn, John 340 Th, Nathan T 320 Vorhees, C. II 418 Waggoner, JohnT 291 Walker, John A 140 Wallace. Enoch W 305 Walsh, James , 42,2 Walsh, James M 372 Ward, .les Ward. Mos 368 :.' .5 Warren, Hon. George E. 203 Warren, Mark A 496 Watson, Jesse 368 Watson, Dr S. M 162 Wedding, James II "41 Wedding, Benjamin. .. 225 maun, John F 352 Welt, Ira M 447 West, William L 394 West, W. H. H 392 Wharton, Charles 485 White, Lewis... ■ 276 White. Jesse 27H While, John I. 275 White, Dan-el P 275 White, Dr. John L 152 White, Hiram 287 Whiteneck, Jacob E 526 Whitfield. W. T 467 Whitfield, James A 461 Whitlow, Willis 358 Wieehard, Henry 3S2 Wiist, Bernhardt 386 Wilkerson, Lucius G... 421 Wilkens, John 325 Willis, William II 406 Williams, Dr, John S... 15S Williams. William 306 Wood. John 481 Woodson. Judge D, M. . 116 Woolsey, Joseph B 479 Worthe'v, Reuben T.. ., 284 Worthev, Absalom 269 u m koff. John 543 Wyckoff, Ambrose s ... 541 Wyckoff. Horatio N 497 Wyckoff, David G 497 roung, .lames M. 222 Young, Andrew U I /( 6. >;tlo^ 2-6* fe -**e-t-*V - /-y. BIOGRAPHICAL. HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Adams, L. C Adcock. John Allen, James M Allen, William Allen, G. W Allen, Jolin W Andrews, N. J Ardinger, John W Armstrong, Dr. Clinton Armstrong:, Geo. W 1143 Ashlock, George K Ashlock, Win. A Ashlock, Win. M Ashloek, Harvey H Aehloek, James Ashlock, W. M Alcilinson, Will. B 1034 8bU 10=6 Bain Bald Bald Ba d Bald Charle6 i, Elias V i. Judge Benj j, Benj. F F. M . It'.. - Ballard. LouU J.... Ballard, Henry Ballard. James .... Barnard, James Barrow, Allred Bassbam, Benj. V . . Bateman, F. M Bechdoldt. Henry F ~ hdoldt. George PAGE Carter, Davis 964 Cair, Joseph S 682 Carriger, Leonard ..... 96 . Caverly, A. W 670 Olark, William E .. CI ark, John Clapp, clement L. .. Clcmmons, Dr. 0. C 735 L'lenUeuen , George W . . 855 Cleudenen, 11 P 650 Clifford, Uosanna 1081) Clifford, John 11 1083 Clifford, Ahirah 1084 Coatee, Milton 963 I loates, John 961 Coatee, George 881 krell, Jesse 813 Cole, George 790 Collister, A B 977 Conuole, Anthony 694 Conrad, Jacob 847 Converae, Uriah 887 Coonrod, Jefferson 927 Coourod, George W . .. 705 Coonrod, Eld Stephen. 884 ooper, Dr. Martin A.. 721 Cooper, Edmund L 704 ooper. AYil " Becker, Lev U 1011 Bell, Fran. Bermes. Philip Black, Thomas Black. William Blodgett, Milo R Boiruu. Bent Joseph Booker. Kiehard M. . . Boring. Ilezckiah Borlin, Henry Bowman, Dr. Alex... Boyd. Thomas II Brace, Leonard Bradley. Robert C... Bradshaw. Perry Bradshaw, William M Braunan, Thomas. .. Bray, John L Bridges, Archibald. . . Bridges, Frank M... Bridges. Oman Bnggs, Ellis Bro.lniarkle, John B. . Brooks, James E Brown, Jr., James 1108 Brunei-, Dr. A. J Burns, Dr. George W Burnett, Dr. W. L.... Burr, Hon. Albert G.. Burrill, Edward .... Burruss, Harry D 945 Bushnell. Lynian S 1041 IT.:! 1011 Cook, Fre If.-. ngton, Stephen F. cornugtou. Nelson W.. ot» Corv. Dr. Luther 7* Costh v.lli.j. William.. 786 Criet, David 1072 Crow, Dr James T 729 Culver, Dr. S. H 727 Cnlver, Edward A 808 Culver, Dr. Buel 724 Cunningham, Samuel.. 950 Cunningham, Anthony. 853 Cm ningham, i'ob't L. 954 Cunningham, Wilson.. 966 Cunningham, Geo. W. 966 Curnutt, Janice 897 Curtius, Henry 799 Eherlein, Herman T Edna rils, Gilbert H.... Edwards, Joel Edwards, En Edwards, Fri I Edwards. Oshea L Edwards. Hale S Edwards, George. . Eldred, Leouaid E Eldred, William... Eldred, Eton A.... Eldred, Elou English, Sr.I.indseyH. 5'2 English, James W EiiL-lish, 10 Lind-cyll Euslow, Ahraham Damm. Dieter 937 Dannu. Jr. Dieter 938 Damm, Christian 938 Dan, George... 812 Davis, Dr. Cyrus A 668 Davis, James'. 1072 1040 Davis, Francis A 1030 1149 87'. 115! mil 1009 ion 1011 Cameron. Joseph T 1035 Campbell. Rev. Win. M. 1055 Campbell Amburgh 112 Canuedv, James 895 C'annedV, George W.... 896 Cannedr, William H... 896 Cannedy, James F 983 Carliu, Thomas J carlin, William Carlin, Thomas Carmody, Cornelius. . Carmody, Michael L. Carmody, John O.... Carter, Lorenzo E . . . . lues M Davis. Hon Robert H.. 681 Davis, William A 69.i Davis. George W 693 Dawson, Henry C 903 Dayton, Matthew 852 Dayton, Thomas 11 .... 852 060, Dayton, Lewis 852 983 Deeds. Lafuyette 968 De Witt. Dr" M. F 726 Dixon. Henry J 905 Dixon, Hiram 904 Dixon, Solomon 897 Dodgson, David 1007 Dodgson, Oman 11X18 Dodgson, Peter 10O7 Dodgson. James 951 Doseel, Charles 1095 Downs. Thomas B 977 696 Downs. Andrew 976 en-' Doyle, Samuel 950 661 Doyle, Thomas 951 1031 Drennan. Sr. J P 1150 1018 Drennan, Jr. J. P 1152 9.Y; Dressel, Joseph 798 964 Duncan. Thomas 1107 1054 Fanning, George W Farrellv. Hugh P... Felter, Peter Fcnity, Dr. Peter .. Fenity, Dr. E Furgeson, .lane's E. Field. A. J. 1! Finch, Dr. Thomas. Fischer, Charles. . . Fiahback, F. M ... Fitzeimons, John J Piatt, Edward Flatt, Jesse Fiatt, Daniel Flatt, Wesley 829 Flatt, W. M Flatt, James B 829 Haven, W. W Hays, Dr. J, B Henderson, James Henderson, Joseph Henderson, John G Henley, James T leron. James G lerrlcfe Geo.M lesket, Caseiun Heuborger. Joseph William Hill, George D George ■n, Hon. Alfred... Ilobsou. Peter Ilolison, Thomas Mot. ...n Peter J . .... . Hodges, Ilou.Chas. D.. Moots. .1 oil 11 Hopper, Stephen D lloseltoii. George Hough, Thomas Adam 1013 1013 1014 se, John. .James 1021 Vhn T 889 ;n.' 1079 Fry. Gen. Jacob... Gano, Charles F ... Gardiner, Rev. C J Gardiner. Samuel G Ciller, Edward A .. Gillingham, Baiubridge 99 Gilinore, Win P 1138 Gilsou. Edward P 712 I ioacher, Albert. 984 Goeddy. Herman 875 i ioode, John L 947 Goode, William B 947 Graham, George 938 Brat t. Oscar F 1093 Greene. S. F... Greene, John 670 Greene, William Greene, Nelson.. Greene, Elias 802 Gregory. Cliarb Grider, Marshall F 910 Griswold, Adouijah ... 1069 Griswold, Loyal P 1066 Griswold, Cyrus 1064 Griswold, Henry. 1064 Griswold, Edgar. Grocc, Thomas sou Groves, William A 87o rd, Jordan Howard, John Hubbell. James G Huddle, F.E Hudson, Peter B Hudson William H.... Hughes, Dr I. S Hughes, Albert G limn. Rowland I) Hnitt.John W it. John P Hunter, John W utt. llartwell.. . Husted. O.J Hasted, Edward H lint, hens, Elkanah... Hutchens, Elkanah D. David ... Hyudmau, William... Irwin, James M In. kson. t iswald. James, Charles F Johnson, John D Johnson, J.nnes I Johnson. Gouverueur E. Johnson, John Johnson. EdwardD ... Jones, David B Jones, Josiah rones, John Jones, John II llahn, David 960 Hall, Dr. Benj. J 732 Hall, Thomas 826 Hall, Julia E 1036 Hamilton. B. B 1101 Hanev, Albert 1127 Hauk'ins, Alexander... 93:' Hanson, Henry 1156 Hardcastle, John 930 Hardwiek. (Ira W Harper, Ephraim 1072 Kahrn, Coourod Keach, Hiram Keach, Capt. John R.. Kelly, Dr. M F Kendall, Nathaniel... Kenuett, Luther M 1016 Kennett. William C... Kincaid, James Klncaid. William T .. King, Capt. Luciau. . . King. Alexander Kins, Robert King. Charle 1071 1055 1058 . Thomas . D. F. Kii bach, Jonas Kolkhoff, Otto Knox, Thomas l.akin. Judge Leander. I mil... I..., Dr. Wm. O.. XVI BIOGRAPHICAL. Link, Dr. Eliza Little, T. A PAOB 644 Ml 926 '.»;;, 11 w S76 915 1151 833 699 ose 1154 727 1090 716 1152 803 906 1031 939 1121 931 930 1057 847 11173 854 87'.' or, 717 731 737 888 862 899 1054 897 897 978 1113 710 897 954 IOCS 1099 1123 695 888 707 790 SMS 099 877 934 999 981 981 1097 832 83:: 68" 873 1151 998 90S 967 1112 794 793 TAGE 907 907 . 704 . 718 815 . 801 883 1115 1155 844 1037 . 984 940 . 795 . 735 683 1039 . 723 . 1017 . 1024 1006 . 1006 698 901 791 1063 1056 . 1017 848 . 975 . 985 . 1059 1089 . 1099 . 1022 1109 889 . 846 IliO . 1120 845 . 730 . 809 855 . 734 . 1024 . 855 . 932 . 701 . 990 1041 1062 . 1114 829 830 830 831 833 997 . 7:54 997 1069 729 833 834 690 953 f 11)53 1134 1134 Schnelt, John B Schnelt, Henry Schier. Nicholas Schutz, George Schild, Frank Schmidt, Christian Scrnggins, Robert PAGE MIS mi; n 2" 909 963 962 91V.' 963 868 871 883 854 932 931 959 sos 93S 731 885 885 1129 836 1033 730 1135 1131 942 H2i 1632 1033 965 1120 1081 882 881 899 843 569 838 838 979 978 837 1116 988 946 789 890 1096 853 900 900 1145 918 735 812 1119 94.5 945 VanArsdale, James H... PAGE 1144 1122 898 875 870 870 1029 1114 1094 1112 1113 798 8^2 944 944 719 713 1053 737 1098 1036 103S 895 940 800 1052 954 796 975 988 795 1068 811 884 1104 1104 980 811 969 897 737 673 849 936 1091 1091 1092 678 869 917 101G 707 790 934 791 672 866 836 702 ST6 836 837 601 892 923 1081 674 1137 1096 957 950 948 1056 Paiterson, Lemuel .1. . Patterson, James L. . . Parker, Henry L Pinker, Thomas S Parke, Jesse C. C Pcarce, E . J Pegram, Nathaniel Pcnucll, J. Garland.. Perry, Augustine T.. Peter, Dr. Edward E Pigaott, Dr. Joseph.. Ph.kertou, Wil is K.. PiHkerton, Revel E.. Piukerton, J. K Pinkertou, Andrew . . Varlile, Elisha Wilder, Orange T Vedder, Judge Isaac D. Vedder, Aaron F Vinyard, John W Vinyard, 'William M Waddle, Richard C Walter. Henrv Waltrip, William Waltrip, William G Ward, W. M McAdams, William .. McConathy, Perry McCauley,W. W McCrucUen, Elbert M. Mclver, W. T McLane, J. 1) McMahou. Patrick W. McNail, Jobn A McPheron, Charles W Seely, Anthony S Shallue. Michael Shirley, Dr. E. K Short, Williams Short. James J Short, John Sieverliug, H. C Simpson, Dr. James F Slaten, John P. Sr Slaten, John P. Jr Sloue, Asa Waters, Dr. J. E Weimer, Charles A Weimer, Adam A Wellhauseu, Frederick Weller, John G Whitmarsh, Rev. W . 1 White, Joseph While. Ira Whitlock, William N hitloek, Capt. James Whiteside, James H Williams, J. T Williams. William W.. Wilkinson, Richard II. Wilkinson, Henley Wilson, Thomas' Williams, Jehu T Wilkinson, George Wilder, Moses J V» ilson, Dr. Eberle W inlers. Col. J. C Win, h, '11, Mlas H VI inters. William Winn, Geo, W Potts. William Powell, John G. V Powell, Benjamin B.. P'angcr. John B In: 1 h: III l« D Prindle, Lyman T Prichctt.Dr T. W. . Purl, Gilbert L Raferty, Thomas P Range, Alfred C Rathgeber, John. .. . Rawlins, Janirs Rawlins, Pleasant A. Redwine, Dr. J. W. . Reinecke, William C . Reynolds, John 11 Reynolds, Dr.O. K... Reynolds, George W. Reynolds, Joseph C, MiS Je-epli Rigg, William P Smcad, Charles K Smith, Dr. Alex. H Smith, Edward Smith, William S Smith, Benjamin Smith, HenryS smith. William W Smith. Samuel T Snvder. John Speaks, William Mason, William Mayer, Peter Meldrum, George W. Mcidrum, Wiil Melvin. John Meverstein, Mark Miller, Dr. Adam E .t Miller, Dr. JameeN... Million, Kev. Marcus \\ Mills, Robert Miner, Edward Mitchell. Robert Miichell, Andrew K... Mitchell, Jackson G.. Mitchell, Absalom . Montgomery, H. H Morrow, Oliver A Morrow, John A. Morrow, Zacbariah A. Morrow, Alexander R. Morrow, William M... Spencer, Henry R Spencer, William B S)ieiicer, James It Spencer. Elisha Spencer, Henry M Stevens, Clark Winn, Richard B U itlicis. Hon. Henrv C Witaschek. Andrew Witmer, D. O Witt, Eli Wnt, Geo. W Stone, James Stringer, William M... Stringer. Lerov Stl'link. William 1> Stubblefield, James 11.. Stubblefleld, Dr. F. A.. Sunderland, William S Taylor, Alfred W Robards, W. L Roberts, Lewis Roberts, Wm. J Robley, Richard Robley, Charles Robley, George B Rollins, Harry Rollins, Dr. J. L Ross, Dr. Geo. W Russell, Spencer G. , Wilt, Geo. M Witt, William T Witt, Franklin Mulberry, J. C Neighbours, Thomas. . Nolan, William H . Nolan, John Nultou, Col. J. B Thaxton, H. Clay Thomas, John I 1005 1004 1002 924 863 Wood, John L Wood, Alien B Woodson. Hon. D. M.. Woolley, Norman C Thomasson, William... Thomassou, John N ... Tompkins. Benj. G Tompkins. Dr. Abram 788 735 1063 1066 1061 686 733 663 Woollev, DaWd Worcester, Linus E Worcester, Hal. C Worcester, Fulton F Wright. Andrew J Wright. Thomas, Jr Samuel. Dr James B.. Sauer, Rev. Augustine Sawyer, George N Tunison, Jacob D Tuuuell. Calvin Turner, Dr. W. D Owdom, W. W Owingfl, Albert H Ozbun. Benjamin F... HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. GHAPTRR I. ILLINOIS, the fourth state in the Union in wealth, population and po- litical power, lies in the very heart Of the upper valley of the Mississippi. Stretching ever rive degrees of latitude, from parallel 37J to 42'. it hasconsider- able diversity, both of soil and climate. The boundary line of the state is about twelve hundred miles in length. From the poinl where it joins the Wisconsin line on the northeast. Lake Michigan hounds it on the east for fifty miles to the northwest corner of Indiana: thence a line is drawn due south one hundred and sixty-eight miles to the Wabash river. The Wabash and Ohio rivers constitute the remainder of the eastern and southern boundaries, while the lordly Mississippi washes its entire western border. The extreme length of the state is three hundred and seventy- eight miles; the extreme breadth, in the latitude of Danville and Rushville, is two hundred and ten miles, and the av- erage breadth is about one hundred and fifty miles. Illinois contains 55,405 square miles, or more than 35,000,000 acres of land. Fully two-thirds of this is prairie, and nearly all of it is susceptible to proper cultivation. The state has 10,000 more square miles than New York or Ohio, and is larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined, and is almost as large as all the New England states taken together. THE MOUND* BUILDERS. That Illinois was inhabited by a race of men prior to the present Indian race that yet inhabit a portion of the Union, hardly admits of a doubt. It is clearly demonstrated by the well authenticated accounts of discoveries made that a civ- ilized people, and one highly cultivated, once occupied tin? great "Prairie" state, and various parts of the country now- constituting the American union, but the date of their rule in the western world is so remote that all traces of this history, progress and decay, lie buried in the deepest obscurity. This pre- historic race is known as the Mound Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earthworks left by them. Their character can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences ami peculiarities of all that remains of them — till' mounds. Remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, and pleasure grounds have been found, hut nothing showing of what material were their habitations. The question as to the origin of the Mound Builders is an interesting one. If they were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind, contend that they were an in- digenous race of the western hemis- phere; others think they came from the east, ami imagine the religion of the Hindoos and southern Tartars, and the Supposed theology of the Mound Build- er- to he coincident and identical. They were, no doubt, idolators, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation af- fording a view of tli* rising sun; when enclosed in walls, their gateways were toward the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried al- ways opened in the same direction; whenever a mound was partially enclos- ed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when bodies were bur- ied in graves, as was frequently the ease, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light. At what period they came to this country, or how, is likewise a matter of speculation. From the comparatively rude state of tin' arts among them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their axes were of stone, lie lr raiment, judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted of the hark of trees, interwoven with feaHiers; and their military works were such as a people would erect who had just passed to the pastoral state of soci- ety from thai dependent alone upon bunting and fishing. The mounds and other ancient earth- works constructed by this people are far more abundant than generally suppos- ed, from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small and inconspicuous. Alongneafly all our water-courses that are large enough to he navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost invarably found, covering the base points and headlands of the hluffs which border the narrower valleys: so that, when one finds himself in such positions as to command the grandest views for river scenery, he may almost always discover that he is stand- ing upon, or in close proximity to. some one or more of these traces of the labors of an ancient people. One of the most singular earthworks in the state, was found on the top of a ridge near the east hank of the Sinsin- awa creek, in the lead region. It re- sembled some huge animal, the head, ears, nose, legs, and tail, and general outline of which, being as perfect as if made by men versed in modern art. The ridge on which it was situated stands on the prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height and rounded on the top by a deep deposit of clay. Centrally, along the line of its summit, ami thrown up in the form of an embankment three fret high, extended the outline of a quadruped, measuring 250 feet from the tip of the nose to tin- end of tin 1 tail, and having a width of 18 feet at the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 19 centre of the body. The head was :;."> feel in length, the ears in feet, legs 60, and tail 75. The curvature on both the fore and hind legs, was natural to an animal lying on its side. The general outline of the figure must nearly resemble. 1 the extinct animal known to geologists as the Megatherium. The question nat- urally arises, by whom and for what purpose was this earth figure raised '.' Some have conjectured that numbers of this now extinet animal lived ami roamed over the prairies of Illinois when the Mound-Builders first made their appearance on the upper part of , the Mississippi Valley, and that the wonder and admiration, excited by the colossal dimensions of these huge creat- ures, found some expression in the er- ection of this figure. The bone- of some similar gigantic animals were exhume. 1 on this stream about three mil'-- from the Same place. Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the western country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the American Bottom, says: •'The great number and extremely large size of some of them may he regarded as fur- nishing, with other circumstances, evi- dences of their antiquity. I have some times been induced to think that at the perio 1 when they were constructed there was a population here as numer- ous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile or Euphrates, or of .Mexico. The most numerous, as well a- considerable of these remains, are found in precisely those parts of the country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked for. namely, from the mouth of the < >hio. on tl side of the Mississippi, to the Illinois river, ami on the west from the St. Francis to the Missouri . I am perfectly satisfied that cities similar to those of ancient .Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have existed in this country." OTHER HACKS. Following the Mound-Builders as in- habitants of North America, were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnificent cities the ruins of which are found in Central America. This people was far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound-Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, which in some places tor miles bestrew the ground, must have been of great extent, mag- nificent and very populous. When we consider the vast period of time acces- sary to erect such colossal -tinctures, and. again, the time required to reduce them to their present ruined state, we can conceive something of their antiqu- ity. These cities must have been old when many of the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. The third race inhabiting North Amer- ica distinct from the former two in every particular, is the present Indians. They were, when visited by the early discov- erers, without cultivation, refinement or literature, and far behind the Mound Builders in the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested archaeologists, and is the most difficult they have been called upon to answer. Of their predecessor, the In- dian tribes knew nothing; they even had no traditions respecting them. It is 120 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. quite certain that they were the succes- sors of a race that had entirely passed away ages before the discovery of the new world. One hypothesis is that the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the western hemisphere. Those who entertain this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man flat. A more common supposition, however, is that they are a derivative race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of Asia. This last is doubtless the true theory. When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demonstrating the truth of his theory, that by sailing west from Europe land would be discovered, landing on the island of San Salvador he supposed that he had reached the East Indies. This was an error, but it led to the adoption of the name of "In- dians" for the inhabitants of the newly discovered country, by which name the red men of America have ever since been known. At the time of the discov- ery of America, the Algonquins, one of the most powerful tribes of Indians, oc- cupied the seaboard, while the Iroquois, another great tribe, inhabited the coun- try almost surrounded by them. The Algonquins spread over vast territory, and various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprang up over the country, in time adopting distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost continuous warfare was carried on between tribes, but when the white linn came, a confederacy of Indian tribes was formed, and every foot of territory was fiercely disputed. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance to resist the encroachments of the whites, especially the English. Such was the nature of King Philip's war. This king, with his Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New England. With the Algonquins as the controlling spirit, a confederacy of continental proportions was the result, embracing in its alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the north- ern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac having breathed into them his implacable hate of the English intruders, ordered the conflict to commence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating fury of Indian vengeance. ILLINOIS CONFEDERACY. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was com- posed of five tribes; theTamaroas, Mich- igans, Kaskaskias, Cahokias and Peo- rias. The Illinois, Miamis and Dela- wares were of the same stock. As early as 1670, the priest, Father Marquette, mentions frequent visits made by indi- viduals of this confederacy to the mis- sionary station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior. At that time they lived west of the Mis- sissippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly af- terward, they began to return to their old hunting grounds, and most of them finally settled in Illinois. .loliet and Marquette; in 1673, met with a hand of them on their famous voyage of discov- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 21 cry down the Mississippi. They were treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. < m their return voy- age up the Illinois river, they stopped at the principal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river, seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kaskaskia. Mar- quette returned t<> the village in 1675, and established the mission of the Im- maculate Conception, the oldest in Ill- inois. When, in 1679, LaSalle visited the town, it had greatly increased, num- bering 4t;t) lodges, and at the annual as- sembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8, OIK) souls. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the conspiracy of Pontiac, although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had followed him as their leader, that they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and al- most annihilated them. Tradition states that a hand of this tribe, in order to es- cape the general slaughter, took refuge upon the high rock on the Illinois river known as "Starved Lock." Nature has made this one of the most formidable military fortresses in the world. From the waters which wash its base, it rises to an altitude of 125 feet. Three of its sides it is impossible to scale, while the other may he climbed with difficult} . From its summit, almost as inaccessible as an eagle's nest, the valley of the Illi- nois is seen as a landscape of exquisite beauty. The river near by struggles between a number of wooded islands, while further below it quietly meanders through vast meadows until it disap- pears like a thread of light in the dim distance. On the summit ol this rock, the Illinois were besieged by a superior force of the Pottawattamies, whom the great strength of their natural fortress enabled them to keep at hay. Hunger ami thirst, however, soon accomplished what the army was unable to effect. Surrounded by a relentless foe, without food or water, they took a last look at their beautiful hunting grounds, and with true Indian fortitude, laid down and died from starvation. Years after- ward, their hones were seen whitening in that place. At the beginning of the present cen- tury, the remnants of this once powerful confederacy were forced into a smaller compass around Kaskaskia. A few years later they emigrated to the south- west, and in 1850 they were in the In- dian Territory, and numbered but 84 persons. EARLY DISCOVERIES. Nicholas Perrot, a Frenchman, was the first white man to visit the present great state of Illinois. In the year 1671, he was sent to Chicago by M. Talon, in- tendant of Canada, for the purpose of inviting the Indians to a peace conven- tion, to be held at Green Hay. The ob- ject of this convention was the forma- tion of a plan for the exploration of the Mississippi river. De Soto, the Spanish explorer, had discovered the river nearly one hundred and fifty years pre- viously, but did not effect a settlement or explore the country any farther. It remained as it was until the French de- termined to visit it, for which purpose it was deemed a wise policy, as far as possible, to secure the friendship and co-operation of the Indians, before ven- turing upon an enterprise which their HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. hostility might render disastrous. A plan was accordingly arranged, and Louis Joliet joined Father Jacques Mar- quette at the Jesuit Mission, on the strait of Mackinaw, and with five other Frenchmen, and a simple outfit, the daring explorers, on the 17th of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to discover the Mississippi. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Mich- igan , they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox river and Lake Winnebago, to a village of the Musca- tines and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expedition by the na- tives. With guides they proceeded down the river. Arriving at the port- age, they soon carried their eight canoes and scanty baggage to the Wisconsin, about three miles distant. Their guides now refused to accompany them further, and endeavored by reciting the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. They stated that huge de- mons dwelt in the great river, whose voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the raging waters all who came within their reach. They also stated that if any of them should escape the dangers of the river, tierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its hanks, 1 ready to complete the work of destruc- tion. They proceeded upon their jour- ney, however, and on the 17th of June, pushed their frail harks upon the bosom of the stately Mississippi, down which they smoothly glided for nearly a hun- dred miles. Here Joliet and Marquette, having their canoes in charge of their men went upon the western shore, where they discovered an Indian village, and were kindly treated. They journeyed on down the unknown river, passing the mouth of the Illinois, then running into the current of the muddy Missouri, and afterwards the waters of the ( >hio joined with them on their journey southward. Near the mouth of the Arkansas they discovered Indians who showed signs of hostility; but when Marquette's mission of peace was made known to them, they were kindly received. After proceeding up the Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives, they turned their faces northward to retrace their steps. After several weeks of hard toil, they reached the Illinois, up which they pro- ceeded to Lake Michigan. Following the western shore of the lake, they en- tered Green Bay the latter part of Sep- tember, having traveled a distance of ■1, 500 miles. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in LaSalle county. The follow- ing year he returned, and established among them the mission of the Immac- ulate Conception. This was the last act of his life. He died in Michigan, May 18, 1675. The town was named Kas- kaskia by Marquette. The first military occupation of the country was at Fort Crevecoeur, erected in 1H80; but there is no evidence that a settlement was commenced there, or at Peoria, on the lake above, at that early date. The tirst settlement of which there is any authentic account was com- menced with the building of Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois river, in 1682; but this was soon abandoned. The oldest permanent settlement, not only in Illi- nois, but in the valley of the Mississippi, was at Kaskaskia, six miles above its HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 23 confluence with the Mississippi and the Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was built under the direc- tion of the Mississippi company in 1718, and was for a time the headquarters of the military commandants of the dis- trict of Illinois, and the most impreg- nable fortress in North America. It was also the center of wealth and fashion in west. Forabput eighty years, the French retained peaceable possession of Illi- nois. Their amiable disposition ami tact of ingratiating themselves with the Indians, enabled them to escape almost entirely the broils which weakened and destroyed other colonies. Whether ex- ploring remote rivers or traversing hunting grounds in pursuit of game, in tin' social circle or as participants in the religious exercises of the church, the red men became their associates, and were treated with the kindness and consid- eration of brothers. For more than a hundred years, peace between tin' white man and the red was unbroken, and when at last this reign of harmony ter- minated, it was not caused by the con- ciiatory Frenchman, hut by the blunt and sturdy Anglo - Saxon. During this century, or until the country was occu- pied by the English, no regular court was ever held. When, in 17(>5, the country passed into the hands of the English, many of the French, rather than submit to a change in their institutions. preferred to leave their homes and seek a new abode. There are. however, at the present time, a few remnants of the old French stock in the state, who still retain to a great extent, the ancient habits and customs of their fathers. ENGLISH KILE. In 1750 France claimed the whole valley of the Mississippi, and England the right to extend her possessions west- ward as far as she might desire. Through colonial controversies, the two mother countries were precipitated into a hi ly war within the Northwestern Territory, George Washington firing the First gun of the military struggle which resulted in the overthrow id' the French, not only in I Hindis, hut in North America. The French evinced a deter- mination to retain control of the terri- tory borderingthe Ohio ami Mississippi, from Camilla to the Gulf, and so long as the English colonies were confined to the sea-coast, there was little reason fin- controversy. As the English, how- ever, became acquainted with this beau- tiful and fertile portion of our country, they not only learned the value of the vast territory, hut also resolved to set up a counter-claim to the soil. The French established numerous military and trading posts from the frontiers of Canada to New Orleans, and in order to establish also their claims to jurisdic- tion over the country, they carved the lilies of France on the forest tree-, or sank plates of metal in the ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their ex- plorations; and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm should hurst upon the frontier settlement. The French based their claims upon discoveries, the English on giants of territory ex- tern ling from ocean to ocean, hut neither party paid the slightest attention to the prior claims of the Indians. From this position of affairs, it was evident that the actual collision between the con- 24 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. tending parties would not much longer be deferred. The English government, in anticipation of a war, urged the gov- ernor of Virginia to lose no time in building two forts, which were equipped by arms from England. The French anticipated the English, and gathered a considerable force to defend their pos- sessions. The governor determined to send a messenger to the nearest French post, and demand an explanation. This resolution of the governor brought into the history of our country for the first time the man of all others whom Amer- ica most loves to honor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, although not twenty-one years of age, as the one to perform this delicate and difficult mission. With five compan- ions he set out, on November 10, 1753, and after a perilous journey, returned January 6, 17o4. The struggle com- menced, and continued long, and was bloody and fierce; but on the 10th of October, 1765, theensign of France was replaced on the ramparts of Fort Ohartres, by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was the depot of supplies, and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic sea-board were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming of Liberty and in- dependence for the continent; and Washington, who led the expedition against the French for the English King, in less than ten years. was com- manding the forces opposed to the Eng- lish tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for over one hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety years had been in the actual occupation of the French, their puny settlements slumbering quietly in colonial dependence on the distant waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash. CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TERR The Northwest Territory was now en- tirely under English rule, and on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, the British held every post of impor- tance in the west. While the colonists of the East were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their western frontiers were ravaged by ITORY -OF ILLINOIS. the merciless butcheries of Indian war- fare. The jealousy of the savage was aroused to action by the rapid extension of American settlement westward, and the improper influence exerted by a number of military posts, garrisoned by British troops. To prevent indiscrimi- nate slaughter, arising from these causes, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 2.') Illinois became the theatre of some of the most daring exploits connected with American history. The hero of the achievements by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British crown, was George Rogers Clark. of Virginia. Be had closely watched the movements of the British through- out the northwest, and understood their whole plan; he also knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and therefore was con- vinced that if the British could he de- feated and expelled from the northwest, the natives could he easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily succeed, he re- paired to the capital of Virginia, arriv- ing November 5, 1777. While he was on his way. fortunately, Burgoyne was defeated (October 17). and the spirits of the colonists were thereby greatly en- couraged. Patrick Henry was governor of Virginia, and at once entered heart- ily into Clark's plans. After satisfying the \ lrgini i leaders ci the t: asibihty of his project, hi' received two sets of in- structions—one secret, the other open. The latter authorized him to enlist seven companies to goto Kentucky, and serve three months after their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his pow- der and lead of General Hand, af Pitts- burg, and to proceed at once to subju- gate the country. With these instructions Colonel Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choosing ratherto raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the col- onies for the conflict there. Enlisting his men, he at once proceeded to carry out his instructions. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garri- son, and after its capture go to ( 'ahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Each of these posts were, in turn cap- tured. The services of Clark proved of es- sential advantage to his countrymen. They disconcerted the plans of Hamil- ton, the governor of Detroit, who was intending to make a vigorous and con- certed attack upon the frontier, and not only saved the western frontier from depredations by the savages, hut also greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians, for carrying on a contest in winch they were not likely to he the gainers. Had it not been for this small army, a union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the colonies might have been ef- fected, and the whole current of our history changed. COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. Iii October, 177s, after the successful campaign of Colonel Clark, the assem- bly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the county of Illinois, which was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceed- ing in dimensions the whole of Great Britain and Ireland. To speak more definitely, it contained the territory now embraced in the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Mich- igan. On the 12th of December, 177s, John Todd was appointed lieutenant commandant of this county by Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, and 26 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. accordingly, also, the first of Illinois county. NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. Illinois continued to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that state ceded all the territory north of the Ohio to the United States. Immedi- ately the general government proceeded to establish a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded. This form continued until the passage of the ordinance of 17S7, for the gov- ernment of the Northwestern Territory. No man can study the secret history of this ordinance and not feel that Provi- dence was guiding with sleepless eye the destinies of these unborn states. American legislation has never achieved anything more admirable, for its inter- nal government than this comprehen- sive ordinance. Its provisions concern- ing the distribution of property, the principles of civil and religious liberty which it laid at the foundation of the communities since established, and the efficient and simple organization by which it created the first machinery of civil society, are worthy of all the praise that has ever been given them. ORDINANCE OF 17S7. For some years Thomas Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of gov- ernment for the Northwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist, and favored the exclusion of slavery from the terri- tory, and in this hi' was opposed by almost the entire south. In July, 17S7, Manasseh Cutler appeared in New York to lobby on the question of organization of the Northwestern Territory, lie was a country gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and of in- viting face. He came representing a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. This company, together with certain speculators in New York.enahled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. The amount thus received from the sale of this land would apply towards reducing the national debt, which Jeffer- son was anxious should lie paid as soon as possible. Massachusetts then owned the terri- tory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern region. This tired the zeal of Virginia. The south caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire south rallied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were inter- ested personally in the western specu- lation. Thus Cutler, making friends in the south, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to com- mand the situation. True to deeper con- victions, he dictated one of the most com- pact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human law hook. He borrowed from Jef- ferson the term "Articles of Compact," which, preceding the federal constitu- tion, 'rose into most sacred character. He then followed very closely the con- stitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before. Its prominent points were : 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giv- ing one township for a seminary, and HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. every section numbered 16 in each town- ship ; that is, one-thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adop- tion o'f any constitution or the enactment of any law that should nullity pre-ex- isting contracts. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " religion, moral- ity and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu- cation shall always be encouraged.' 5 Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform, and would not yield, (living his un- qualified declaration that it was that or nothing, — that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it, — he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional convention at Phil- adelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani- mously adopted. Thus the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were conse- crated to freedom, intelligence and mor- ality. Thus the great heart of the na- tion was prepared to save the union of states, for it was this act that was the salvation of the republic and the destruc- tion of slavery. Soon the south saw their great blunder, and tried to have the com- pact repealed. In 1803 congress referred it to a committee, of which John Ran- dolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact, and op- posed repeal. There it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. General Arthur St. Clair was. by con- gress, elected governor of this vast ter- ritory. ILLINOIS TERRITORY. After the division of the Northwest- ern Territory, Illinois became one of the counties of the territory of Indiana, from which it was separated by an act of congress, February •">. 1809, forming the territory of Illinois, with a popula- tion estimated at 9,000, ami then includ- ing the present state of Wisconsin. It was divided, at the time, into two coun- ties — St. Clair and Randolph. John Boyle, of Kentucky, was appointed gov- ernor by the president, .lames Madison, hut declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same state, was then appointed, and served with distinction ; and after the organization of Illinois as a state, lie served in that capacity, being its third governor. During Governor Edwards' adminis- tration, the war of 1812 commenced, and the few whites in the state had to eon- tend against a savage foe incited on to deeds of violence by the British officers sent out for that purpose. The massa- cre at Fort Dearborn, of helpless pris- oners, by the infuriated Indians, forms a black page in Illinois history. Several expeditions were put on foot by Gover- nor Edwards against the Indians, and in the various campaigns the governor bore an honorable and heroic part. Peace came at last, the Indian depreda- tions ceased, ami the territory of Illinois was again on the road to prosperity. 28 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTER III. STATE ORGANIZATION, In January of 1818 the territorial leg- islature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in congress from Illinois, a petition praying for admission into the national union as a state. On April 18 of the same year, congress passed the enabling act, and December •'!, after the state government had been organized, and Governor Bond had signed the con- stitution, congress, by a resolution, de- clared Illinois to he one of the " United States of America, and admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states in every respect." FIRST CONSTITUTION. In July and August id' 1818, a con- vention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitution. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejec- tion, it being well known that they would approve it. It was about the first or- ganic law id' any state in the union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitution was held on the first Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected governor, and Pierre Menard lieutenant-governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time the state was divided into lo counties, the population being about 40,000. of this number, by far the Larger portion were from the Bouthern states. The salary of the governor was SI ,000, while that of the treasurer was $500. The legislature re-enacted, ver- batim, the territorial code, the penalties of which were unnecessarily severe. Whipping, stocks and pillory were used for minor offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was the penalty. These laws, however, were modified in 1821. The legislature first convened at Kas- kaskia, the ancient scat of empire for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this legislature. A place in the wilder- ness mi the Kaskaskia river was selected, and named Vandalia. From Yandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1839. THE WIXXEBAOO WAR. The Indians, who for some years were on peaceful terms with the whites. became troublesome in 1827. The Win- nebagoes, Sacs and Foxes and other tribes had been at war for more than a hundred years. In the summer of 1827 a war party of the Winnebagoes surprised a party of Chippewas, and killed eight of them. Four of the murderers were arrested, and delivered to the Chippe- was, by whom they were immediately shot. This was the first irritation of the Winnebagoes. lied Bird, a chief of this tribe, in order to avenge the execu- tion of the four warriors of his own people, attacked the Chippewas, hut was defeated : and beitfg determined to satisfy hi* thirst for revenge by some means, surprised and killed several white men. Upon receiving intelli- gence of these murders, the whites who were working the lead mines in tin- vicinity of Galena formed a body of volunteers, and, reinforced by a company of United States troops. marched into the country of the Win- nebagoes. To save their nation from the miseries of war. Red Bird and six other men nf his nation voluntarily surrendered themselves. Some of the number were executed, some of them imprisoned, and destined, like Red Bird, ingloriously to pine away within the narrow limits of a jail, where for- merly the vasl forests had proven too confining for them. BLACK HAWK WAR. In the year 1804, a treaty was con- cluded between the United States and the chiefs of the Sac ami Fox nations, who had fought with great bravery in the service of Great Britain during the war of 1812. Black Hawk had always taken exceptions to this treaty, pro- nouncing it void. In 1831 he estab- lished himself, with a chosen hand of warriors, upon the disputed territory. ordering the whites to leave the coun- try at once. The settlers complaining, Governor Reynolds dispatched General Gaines, with a company of regulars and 1,500 volunteers, to the scene of action. Taking the Indians by surprise, the troops burnt their villages and forced them to conclude a treaty, by which they ceded all lands east of the Missis- sippi, and agreed to remain on the western side of the river. Necessity forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk into submission, which made him more than ever determined to he avenged upon his enemies. Having rallied around him the war-like braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he crossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. Upon learning of this invasion, Governor Reynolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volun- teers, placing them under command of Brigadier-General Whiteside. The army marched to the Mississippi, and having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as "Prophet's Town." proceed* d several mihs up the river to Dixon, to join the regular forces under General Atkinson. They found at Dixon two companies of volunteers, who. sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoi- tre the enemy. They advanced, under command of Major Stillman, to a small creek, afterward known as "Stillman's Run." and while there encamped, saw a party of mounted Indians at a distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them, hut being attacked by the main body under Black Hawk, they were routed, and by their precipitated flight, spread such a panic through the camp that the whole com- pany ran off to Dixon as fast as possible. On their arrival, it was found that eleven of their number were missing, having been killed by the Indians. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a hand of 150 warriors, attacked Apple River Fort, near Galena, defended by 25 men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protection to the miners. Fm- fifteen consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain tin- assault of the savage enemy; hut knowing 30 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. very well thai no quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and desperation that the Indians, after Losing many of their host warriors, were compelled to retreat. ' New forces having been sworn into the service, Generals Atkinson and Henry determined to pursue the retreat- ing foe. They followed them into Wis- consin, and heaving- that Black Hawk was encamped on Hock river, at the Manitou village, issued orders to con- tinue the pursuit. The officers of Genera] Henry handed to him a written protest ; hut he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to he arrested, ami escorted to General Atkin- son. Within a few minutes after the order was given, the officers all collected around the general's quarters, and pledged their word that if forgiven, they would return to duty, and never do the like again. The battle of Bad Axe immediately followed, resulting in a loss to the In- dians of three hundred, besides fifty prisoners. The whites had hut seven- teen killed and twelve wounded. Black Hawk, with twenty of his braves, escaped, retreating up the Wisconsin river. The Winnebagoes desiring to secure the friendship of the whites, went in pursuit, and captured and de- livered them to General Street, the United States Indian agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These, with Blaek Hawk, were taken to Washington, l>. ('., anil were soon confined as prisoners at Fortress Mon- roe. Thus ended the Black Hawk war. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. At the general election in 1834, Joseph Duncan was chosen governor by a hand- some majority. A reckless and Uncon- trollable desire for internal public improvements seized the minds of the people. In his message to the legisla- ture, in lsilo, Governor Duncan said: When we look abroad ami sec tin' extensive lines of inter-communication penetrating almost every section of our sister states; when we see the canal boat and the locomotive hearing with seeming triumph the rich productions of the interior to the rivers, hikes and oceans, almost annihilating time, bur- then and space, what patriotic bosom does not heat high with a laudable am- bition to give Illinois her full share of those advantages which are adorning her sister states, and which a magnificent Providence seems to invite by a wonder- ful adaptation of our whole country to such improvements. " STUPENDOUS SYSTEM OF IMPROVEMENTS INAUGURATED. The legislature responded to the ardent words of the governor, and enacted a system of internal improve- ments without a parallel in the gran- deur of its conception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of rail- road, crossing the state in all directions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. There were a few counties not touched by the rail- road, river or canal, and they were to be compensated by the free distribution of $20,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond credence, it was ordered that work should commence on both ends of each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river crossing, all at the same time. This provision, which HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 31 h.is been called the crowning folly of the entire system, was the result of those jealous combinations emanating from the fear that advantages might accrue to one section over another in the commencement am] completion of the works. We can appreciate better, perhaps, the magnitude of this grand >\ stiiii by reviewing a few figures. The debt authorized for these improvements in the first instance was $10,230,000. But this, as it was soon found, was based on estimates at least too low by half. This, as we readily see. commit- ted the state to a liability of over $20,- 000,000, equivalent to $200,000,1300 at the present time, with over ten times the population, and more than ten times the wealth. Such stupendous undertakings by the state naturally engendered the fever of speculation among individuals. That particular form known as the town lot fever, assumed the malignant type at first in Chicago, from whence it spread over the entire state and adjoining states. It was an epidemic. It cut up men's farms without regard to locality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. It was estimated that building hits enough were sold in Indiana alone to accommo- date every citizen then in the United States. Chicago, which in 1830, was a small trading post, had within a few years grown into a city. This was the start- ing point of the wonderful growth and marvelous career of that city. Im- provements unsurpassed in the annals of the world by individual effort, were then beguri, and have been maintained to this day. Though visited by the terrible tire fiend, ami the accumula- tions of years swept away in a single night, yet she has arisen ami to-day is the best buill city in the world. Reports of the rapid advance in property in Chicago spread to the east, and thous- ands poured into her borders, bringing money, enter] disc and industry. Every ship that left her port carried with it maps ot splendidly situated towns and additions, and every vessel that re- turned was laden with immigrants. Tt was said at the time that the staple article of Illinois exports was town j.l;its, and that there was danger of crowding the state with towns to the exclusion ot' land for agriculture. ILLINOIS AM) MICHIGAN (ANAL. The Illinois and Michigan canal again received attention. This enterprise is one of the most important in the early history of Illinois, onaccountof its mag- nitude and cost, and forming as it does, the connecting link, between the great chain of lakes and the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Governor Bond, the first governor, recommended in his first message the building of the canal. In 1821, the legislature appropriated Sin. (Kill for surveying the route. This work was performed by two young men who estimated the cost at St;(K),(KKI or $700,000. It cost, however, when com- pleted $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was passed to incorporate the canal com- pany, hut no stock was sold. In 1826, upon the solicitation of Daniel I'. Cook, congressman from this state, congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828, commissioners were appointed and work commenced, with a new survey and new estimates. 32 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. In 1834-5 the work was again pushed forward, and continued until 1848, when it was completed. PANIC— REPUDIATION ADVOCATED. Bonds of the state were recklessly disposed of, both in the cast and in Eu- rope. Work was commenced on various lines of railroads, but none were ever completed. < )n the Great Western Railroad, from Meredosia east eight miles, the first locomotive that ever turned a wheel in the great valley of the Mississippi was run. The date of this remarkable event was November 8, L838. Larue sums of money were being expended with no assurance of a revenue, and consequently, in 1840, the legislature repealed the improvement laws passed three years previously, not, however, until the state had accu- mulated a debt of nearly $15,000,000. Thus fell the most stupendous, extrava- gant and almost ruinous folly lit' a grand system of internal improvements that any civil community, perhaps, ever en- gaged in. The state hanks failed, specie was scarce, an enormous debt was accumulated, the interest of which could not he paid, people were disap- pointed in the accumulation of wealth, and real estate was worthless. All this had a tendency to create a desire to throw oft' the heavy burden of state debt by repudiation. Men, true, hon- est and aide, were placed at the head of affairs.; and although the hours were dark and gloomy, and the times most trying, yet our grand state was brought through and prospered, until to-day, after the expenditure of millions for public improvements, ami for carrying on the civil war, it has. at present, no public debt whatever. CHAPTER IV. MORMON, MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS. In April, 1840, the "Latter-Day Saints," or Mormons, came in large numbers to Illinois, and purchased a tract of land on the east side of the Mississippi river, about ten miles above Keokuk. Here they commenced build- ing the city of Nauvoo. A more pictur- esque or eligible site for a city could not have been selected. The origin, rapid development and prosperity of this religious sect are the most remarkable and instructive histori- cal events of the present century. That an obscure individual, without money, education or respectability, should per- suade hundreds of thousands of people to believe him inspired id' God, and cause a hook, contemptible as a literary production, to he received as a. continua- tion id' the sacred revelation, appears almost incredible ; yet, in less than half a century, the disciples of this obscure individual have increased to hundreds of thousands : have founded a state in the distant wilderness, and compelled the government of the United States to practically recognize them as an inde- pendent people. The founder of Mormonism was Joseph Smith, a native of Vermont, who emi- grated while quite young with his fathear's family to western New York. Here his youth was spent in idle, vaga- bond life, roaming the woods, dreaming of buried treasures, and in endeavoring to learn the art of finding them by the twisting of a forked stick in his hands, or by looking through enchanted stones. Both he and his father became famous a- "water- wizards," always ready to point out the snot where wells might he due ;md water found. Such was the character of tie' young profligate when he made the acquaintance of Sidney Rigdon, a person of considerable talent and information, who had conceived the design of founding a new religion. A religious romance, written by Mr. Spaulding, a Presbyterian preacher of ( »hio. then dead, suggested the idea, and finding in Smith the requisite duplicity and cunning to reduce it to practice, it was agreed that he should act a- a prophet; and the two devised a story that gold plates had been found buriedinthe earth containing a record inscribed on them in unknown characters, which. when inspired by the power of inspira- tion, gave the history of the ten Lost tribes of Israel. After their settlement in and about Nauvoo, in Hancock county, greal dep- redations were committed by them on the "Gentiles." The Mormons had been received from Missouri with great kindness by the people of this state, and every possible aid granted them. The depredations committed, however, soon made them odious, when the cpics- tion of gettingrid of them was agitated. In the fall of 1841 . the governor of Mis- souri made a demand on Governor Carlin for the arrest and delivery of Joe Smith as a fugitive from justice. Smith was subsequently arrested, hut was re- Leased by Judge Douglas upon the ground that the writ had once Keen re- turned before it had been executed. In 1842, he was again arrested, and again escaped. Emboldened by success, the Mormons became more arrogant and overhearing. Many people began to be- lieve they were about to sel up a gov- ernment for themselves in defiance of the laws of the state. ( >« aers of prop- erty stolen in other counties made pur- suit into Nauvoo; and were fined by the Mormon courts for daring to seek their property in the holy city. About this time they petitioned congress to estab- lish a territorial government for them in Nauvoo. Smith soon began "to play the tyrant over his people. Among the first acts of this sort was an attempt to take the wife of William Law. one of his most talented disciph-. and make her his spiritual wife. He established, without author- itv. a recorder's office, and an office to is>ue marriage licenses. He proclaimed that none could deal in real estate or sell liquor hut himself. He ordered a printing office demolished, and in many ways controlled the freedom and busi- ness of the Mormons. Not only did he stir up some of the Mormons, hut by his reckless disregard of the laws of the land, raised up opposition on every 34 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. hand. It was believed he introduced the Danite band, which be had chosen as the ministers of his vengeance, that no blood, except that of the church, was to be regarded as sacred, if it contra- vened the accomplishment of his object. It was asserted that he inculcated the legality of perjury and other crimes, if committed to advance the cause of true believers ; that God had given the world and all it contained to his saints, and since they were kept out of their right- ful inheritance by force, it was no moral offense to get possession of it by steal- ing. ft was currently reported that an es- tablishment existed in Nauvoo for the manufacture of counterfeit money, and that a set of outlaws were maintained for the purpose of putting it in circula- tion. Statements were circulated to the effect that a reward was offered for the destruction of the Warsaw Signal, an anti-Mormon paper, and that Mormons dispersed over the country threatened all persons who offered to assist the con- stable in the execution of the law, with the destruction of their property and the murder of their families. There were rumors also that an alliance had been formed with the western Indians, and in case of war they would be used in murdering their enemies. In short, if only one-half of these reports were true, the Mormons must have been the most infamous people that ever existed. William Law, one of the proprietors of the printing office destroyed by Smith, went to Carthage and procured a warrant for the arrest of Smith and others in the deed. The prophet, his brother Hiram and others, surrendered themselves at Carthage, June 24, 1S44, on a charge of riot, and all entered into a recognizance before a justice of the peace for their appearance at court. They were again arrested, and thrown into prison at Carthage. The people of Hancock, McDonough and Schuyler counties had assembled, armed and ready to avenge the outrages that had been committed by the Mormons. Great excitement prevailed. All were anxious to march into Nauvoo. The 27th of .June was appointed for the march, but Gov- ernor Ford, who at the time was in Car- thage, apprehended trouble if the militia should attempt to invade Nauvoo, dis- banded the troops, retaining only a guard for the jail. Governor Ford went to Nauvoo on the 27th . The same morning about two hun- dred men from Warsaw, many of them disguised, hastened to Carthage. On learning that one of the companies left as a guard had disbanded, and the other stationed 150 yards from th jail, while eight men were left to guard the prison- ers, a communication was soon estab- lished between the Warsaw troops and the guard ; and it was arranged that the guard should have their guns charged with blank cartridges and tire at the as- sailants when they attempted to enter the jail. The conspirators came up, jumped the fence around the jail, were fired upon by the guard, which, according to arrangement, was overpowered, and the assailants entered the prison to the door of the room where the two prisoners were confined. An attempt was made to break open the door; but Joe Smith, be- ing armed with a pistol, fired several times as the door was broken open, and three of the assailants were wounded. At the same time several shots were fired HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. into the room, by some of which John Taylor, a friend of the Smith's, re- ceived four wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith, se- verely wounded, attempted to escape by jumping but of a second-story win- dow, but was so stunned by the fall that he was unable to rise. In this position he was dispatched by balls fired through his body. Thus fell Joe Smith, the most successful imposter of modern times. Totally ignorant of almost every fact in science, as well as in law, he made up in constructiveness and nat- ural cunning what he lacked in educa- tion. Many feared the Mormons would as- semble in force and attack Carthage for the purpose of avenging the death of the prophet. But this was never done. In the fall of 1845, a convention, con- sisting of delegates from eight of the adjoining counties, assembled to con- cert mensures for the expulsion of the Mormons from the state. The Mormons seriously contemplated emigration west- ward, believing the times forbode evil for them. Accordingly during the win- ter of 1845-46, the most stupendous preparations were made by the Mor- mons for removal. All the principal dwellings, and even the temple, were converted into workshops, and before spring, 12,000 wagons were in readi- ness; and by the middle of February, the leaders, with 2,000 of their follow- ers, had crossed the Mississippi on the ice. Before the spring of 1846, the major- ity of Mormons had left Nauvoo, but still a. large number remained. THE BATTLE OK NAUVOO. In September a writ was issued against several prominent Mormons, and placed in the hands of John Carlin, of Carthage, for execution. Carlin called out a posse to help make the ar- rest, which brought together quite a large force, in the vicinity of Nauvoo. Carlin, not being a military man, placed in command of the force, first, General Singleton, and afterward Colonel Brock- man, who proceeded to invest the city, erecting breastworks, and taking other means for defensive as well as offensive operations. What was then termed a battle next took place, resulting in the death of one Mormon and the wounding of several others, and loss to the anti- Mormons of three killed and four wounded. At last, through the inter- vention of an anti-Mormon committee of one hundred from Quincy, the Mor- mons and their allies were induced to Submit to such terms as the posse choose to dictate, which were that the Mor- mons should immediately give up their arms to the Quincy committee and re- move from the state. The trustees of the church and five of their (Jerks were permitted to remain for the sale of Mor- mon property, and the posse were to march in unmolested ami leave a sulli- cient force to guarantee the performance of their stipulations. Accordingly the constable's posse marched in, with Brockman at their head. It consisted of 800 armed men, and 600 or 700 un- armed, who had assembled from all the country around, through motives of curiosity to see the once proud city of Nauvoo humbled and delivered up to its enemies. They proceeded into the city slowly and carefully, examining tin; way for fear of the explosion of a mine, many of which had been made by the 36 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Mormons, by burying kegs of powder in the ground, with a man stationed at a distance to pull a string communicat- ing with the trigger of a percussion lock affixed to the keg. This kind of a con- trivance was called by the Mormons "hell's half acre." When the posse arrived in the city, the leaders of it elected themselves into a tribunal to de- cide who should be forced away and who remain. Parties were dispatched to hunt for fire-arms and for Mormons, and to bring them to judgment. When lii-ought. they received their doom from the mouth of Brockman, who remained a grim and unawed tyrant for the time. As a general rule, the Mormons were ordered to leave within an hour or two, and by rare grace some of them were allowed until next day, and in a few cases longer time was granted. MEXICAN WAR. In 1846, when the war with Mexico commenced, Illinois sent her quota of .-ix regiments to the tented field. More men were offered, but only the six regi- ments could be accepted. These six shed imperishable honors, not only upon the state, but upon the American Union. Veterans never fought more nobly and effectively than did the vol- unteers from Illinois. At the battle of Buena Vista, by the coolness and bravery of the second regiment, under Colonel Bissell, the day was saved. The conflict began early on the morning of February 22d, 1S47, and was continued until nightfall of the next day. The solid columns of the enemy were hurled against our advancing forces all day long, but were met and held in check by the unerring fire of our musketry and artillery. A portion of General Lane's division was driven back by the enemy, who appeared in such formid- able numbers as to he almost irresistible. At this time the Second Illinois under Colonel Bissell, with a squadron of cavalry and a few pieces of artillery, came handsomely into action, and gal- lantly received the concentrated lire of the enemy, which they returned with deliberate aim and terrible effect. Every discharge of the artillery seemed to tear a bloody path through the columns of the enemy. Says a writer: "The rapid musketry of the gallant troops from Illinois poured a storm of had into their serried ranks, which literally strewed the ground with the dead and dying." But, notwithstanding his losses, the enemy still advanced until our gallant regiment received fire from three sides. Btill they maintained their position for a time with unflinching firmness against that immense host. At length, perceiving the danger of be- ing entirely surrounded, it was deter- mined to fall hack to a ravine. Colonel Bissell, with the coolness of ordinary drill, ordered the signal "cease firing" to be made; he then, witli the same de- liberation, gave the command, "face Pi the rear, battalion about face; forward march!" which was executed with the regularity of veterans toapoint beyond the peril of being outflanked. Again, in obedience to command, these brave men halted, faced about, and under a murderous tempest of bullets from the foe, resumed their well directed fire. The conduct of no troops could have been more admirable, and, too, until that day they had never been under fire, when within less than half an HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 37 hour, eight}' of their comrades dropped by their sides. From Colton's "History of the Battle of Buena Vista," the following extract is taken: "As the enemy on our left was moving in retreat along the head of the plateau, our artillery was advanced un- til within range, and opened a heavy tire upon him, while Colonels Hardin, Bissell and McKee, with their Illinois and Kentucky troops, dashed gallantly forward in hot pursuit. A powerful reserve of the Mexican army was just then emerging from the ravine, where it had been organized, and advanced on the plateau, opposite the head of the southernmost gorge. Those who were giving way rallied quickly upon it, when the whole force, thus increased to over Ti.lKH) men, came forward in a per- fect blaze of tire. It was a single col- umn, composed of the best soldiers of the republic, having for its advanced battalions the veteran regiments. The Kentucky and Illinois troops were soon obliged to give ground before it, and seek the shelter of the second gorge. Over half the column was suddenly enveloped in it, while the other half pressed on across the plateau, having for the moment nothing to resist them except the three guns in their front. The portion that was immediately op- posed to the Kentucky and Illinois troops, ran down along each side of the gorge, in whiah they had sought shel- ter, and also circled around its head, leaving no possible way of escape for them except by its mouth, which opened upon the road. Its sides, which were steep, — at least an angle of forty -five degrees, — were covered with loose pebbles and stones, and converged to a point at the bottom. Down there were our poor fellows, nearly three regiments of them (First and Second Illinois, and Second Kentucky), with but little opportunity to load or fire a gun, being hardly able to keep their feet. Above, the whole edge of the gorge, all the way around, was darkened by the serried masses of the enemy, and was bristling with muskets directed on the crowd beneath. It was no time to pause. Those who were not imme- diately shot down rushed on toward the road, their number growing less and less as they went, Kentuckians ami lllinoisans, officers and men, nil mixed up in confusion, and all pressing on over the loose pebbles and rolling stones of those shelving, precipitous banks, and having lines and lines of the enemy firing down from each side and rear as they went. Just then the enemy's cavalry, which had gone to the left of the reserve, had come over the spur that divides the mouth of the second gorge from thai of the third, and were now closing up the only door through which there was the least shadow of a chance for their lives. Many of those ahead endeavored to force their way out, hut few succeeded. The lancers were fully six to one, and their long weapons were already reek- ing with blood. It was at this time that those who were still back in that dreadful gorge heard the roar of "Wash- ington's battery. No music could have been more grateful to their ears. A moment only, and the whole opening, where the lancers were busy, rang with the repeated explosions of spherical case shot. They gave way. The gate, as it were, was clear, and out upon the 38 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. road a stream of our poor fellows is- sued. They ran panting down toward tli<' battery, and directly under the flight of iron then passing over their heads, into the retreating cavalry. Hardin, Clay, McKee, Willis, Zabriskie, Hough- ton, but why go on? It would be a sad task indeed to name over all who fell during this twenty minutes slaughter. The whole gorge, from the plateau to its mouth, was strewn with our dead. All dead! No wounded there — not a. man; for the infantry had rushed down the sides, and completed the work with the bayonet. After a hard fight, at night both ar- mies laid down upon their arms, in much the same position as in the morn- ing. However, early the following morning, the glad tidings were heard amidst our army that the enemy had retreated, thus again crowning the American banners with victory. In addition to Colonel Bissell, other names that shine as stars in this war are Shields, Laker, Harris, Hardin, Coffee — all from Illinois. Such, indeed, were the intrepid valor and daring courage exhibited by Illinois volun- teers during the Mexican war, that their deeds should live in the memory id' their countrymen while time shall last. THE WAR FOR THE UNION. In the war for the Union, no state can show a more glorious record than that of Illinois. Sumter was tired upon April 12, 1861. Two days after- ward, President Lincoln issued his first call for volunteers — 75,000 in num- ber. On the loth, Governor Yates issued his proclamation, convening the legislature and ordering the enlistment of six regiments, the quota assigned the state. The call was no sooner made than tilled. Patriotism filled every heart. The farm r the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, every vocation in life offered its best men. On assembling, the legislature authorized the raising of ten additional regiments, anticipating another call. At the close of 1861, Illinois had sent to the field nearly 50,000 men, and had 17,000 in camp awaiting marching or- ders, thus exceeding its full quota by 15,000. In July and August of 1862, the President, called for 600,000 men— the quota of Illinois being 52, 2Ul> — and gave until August 18 as the limits in which lhe number might be raised by volun- teering, after which a draft would be ordered. The state had already fur- nished 17,000 in excess of her quota, and it was first thought this number would be deducted from the present requisition, but this could not be done. But thirteeen days were granted to enlist this vast army, which had to come from the farmers and me- chanics. The farmers were in the midst of harvest, but, inspired by love of country, over 50,01)0 of them left their harvest ungathered, their tools and their benches, the plows in their furrows, turning their backs on their homes, and before eleven days hail ex- pired, the demands of the government were nut, and both quotas filled. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not he men enough in all the free states to crush out and destroy the mon- strous war, traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 39 there was a willing and ready response. and it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of money fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their coun- try's altar. On the 21st of December, 1864, the last call for troops was made. It was for 300,000 men. In consequence of an imperfect enrollment of the men subject to military duty, it became evi- dent, ere this call was made, that Illinois was furnishing thousands of men more than what her quota would have been, had it been correct. So glaring had this disproportion become, that under this call the quota of some districts exceeded the number of able-bodied men in them. No troops ever fought more heroically, stubbornly, and with better effect, than did the hoys from the " Prairie state." At Pea Ridge, Donelson, Pittsburg Land- ing, Iuka, Corinth, Stone River, Holly Springs, Jackson, Yicksburg, Chicka- mauga, Lookout mountain, Murfrees- boro, Atlanta, Franklin, Nashville, Chat- tanooga, and on every other field where the crash of arms was heard, her sons were foremost. The people were liberal as well as patriotic ; and while the men were busy enlisting, organizing and equipping com- panies, the ladies were no less active, and the noble, generous work performed by their tender loving hands, deserves mention along with the bravery, devotion and patriotism of their brothers, upon the southern field of carnage. The continued need of money to ob- tain the comforts and necessities for the sick and wounded of our army, suggested to the loyal women of the north many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, or concert, which netted more or less to the cause of hospital relief, according to the population of the place, and the amount of energy and patriotism displayed on such occasions. Especially was this characteristic of our own fair state, and scarcely a hamlet within its borders which did not send something from its stores to hospital or battlefield, and in the larger towns and cities were well organized soldiers' aid societies, working systematically from the beginning of the war until its end. The great state fail- held in Chicago in May, 1865, netted $250,000. Homes for traveling soldiers were established all over the state, in which were furnished lodging for 600,000 men, and meals valued at $2,500,000, Food, clothing, medicine, hospital deli- cacies, reading matter, and thousands of other articles were sent to the boys at the front. The rebellion ended with the surrender of Lee and Johnson, in April, 1865, and as soon as possible the troops were dis- banded. The following is a summary of troops furnished by the state : infantry, L85,941; cavalry, 32,082; artillery, 7,277; making a grand aggregate of225,3l H I men of all arms. Thus it will be seen that Illinois did her full share toward putting down the Rebellion, as regards the number of men and amount of materials supplied. -II) HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTER V. GOVERNMENT. Shadrach Bond was the first governor of Illinois. He was a native of Mary- land, and was born in 1773; was reared on a farm, received a common school education, and came to Illinois in 17'.>4. He served as a delegate in congress from 1811 to 1815, where he procured the right of pre-emption of public land. He was elected governor in 1818 ; was beaten for congress in 1824, by Daniel P. Took. He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830. Edward Coles, the second governor, was born December 15, 1786, in Virginia. His father was a slave-holder, gave his son a collegiate education, and left to him a large number of slaves. These he liberated, giving each head of a family 160 acres of landand a considerable sum of money. He was President Madison's private secretary. He came to Illinois in 1819, was elected governor in L822, on the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Philadelphia in is:':;',, and died in 1868. Ninian Edwards, the successor of Mr. Coles, was not new to the duties of the office, having been appointed in 1809, when the territory of Illinois was formed, as its territorial governor, which position he held until its organization as a state, when he was sent to the United States senate. He was elected governor in 1826. He was a native of Maryland, and born in 177-3; received a collegiate edu- cation ; was chief justice of Kentucky. John Reynolds, the fourth governor of the state, was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and came with his parents to Illi- nois in 1800. In 1830 he was elected governor on the democratic ticket, and afterwards served three years in con- gress. He also received a classical edu- cation, yet was not polished. He was an ultra-democrat; attended the Charles- ton convention in 1860, and urged the seizure of United States arsenals by the South. He died in 1865, at Belleville, childless. In 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected governor by the whigs, although form- erly a democrat. He had previously served foul' terms in congress. He was born in Kentucky, in 1794; had but a limited education; served with distinc- tion in the war of 1812; conducted the campaign of 1832, against Black Hawk. He came to Illinois when quite young. Thomas Carlin succeeded Duncan, having been elected on the democratic ticket in 1838. He had but a meagre education; held many minor offices, and was active, both in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war. lie was born in Kentucky, in 1789; came to Il- linois in 1812, and died at Carrollton, February 1-4, L852. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 41 Thomas Ford, the next governor, was fleeted as a democrat, in 1842. He was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1800; was brought by his widowed mother to Missouri, in 1804, and shortly afterwards to Illinois. He received a good education, and studied law; was elected judge four times — twice as cir- cuit judge, judge of Chicago, and judge of the supreme court. He wrote his history of Illinois in 1847, and died in 1850. ' Augustus C. French was born in New Hampshire, in 1808; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards moved to Illinois. He was elected governor in 1846. <>n the adoption of the constitution of 1848, he was again chosen, serving until 1853. lie was a democrat in politics. .loci A. Matteson, who succeeded French in the gubernatorial office, was horn in Jefferson county. New York, in 1808. His father was a farmer, and gave his son only a common school ed- ucation. He first entered upon active life as a small tradesman, hut subse- quently became a large contractor and manufacture]'. lie was a heavy con- tractor in building the canal. He was elected governor in 1852 upon the dem- ocratic ticket . William II. l'.issell was elected by the republican party in 1856. IF- had pre- viously served two terms in congress; he was a colonel in the Mexican war, and had held many minor offices pre- vious to being chosen governor. He was horn in New York state in 1811; received a common school education; came to Illinois early in life and en- gaged in lhe medical profession. This he changed for the law, and became a noted orator, and tin 1 standard-hearer of the republican party in Illinois. He died in 1860, while governor. Richard Yates, the "war governor'' of Illinois, was horn in Warsaw, Ken- tucky, in 1818; came to Illinois in 1831; served two terms in congress; in 1860 was elected governor, and in 1865, United States senator. He was a col- lege graduate, and read law under J. J. Hardin. He rapidly rose in his chosen profession and charmed the people with his oratory, lie filled the guber- natorial chair during the trying days of the rebellion, and by his energy and devotion won the undying affection of the loyal people. IF- died in St. Louis at the expiration of his term as senator. Richard -I. Oglesby, who was elected governor in 1864, was horn in Kentucky in 1824; at the age of eight years he found himself an orphan, and four year- later he came to Illinois. He was apprenticed to learn the carpen- ter's trade, worked some at farming, and read law occasionally. He enlisted in the .Mexican war. and was chosen tii>t lieutenant. After his return, he again took up the law, hut during the gold fever of 1849, went to California; he soon returned, and in 1852, he en- tered upon his illustrious political career. He raised the second regiment organized in the state to suppress the rebellion, and for gallantry was pro- moted to he major-general. His elec- tion as governor in 1864 was due. in a great degree, to his patriotic war record. He was again elected to the same posi- tion in 1*7:!, hut resigned to go to the United States senate. He was again elected in 1884. He is a staunch re- publican in politics. 42 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. John M. Palmer succeeded General Oglesby. He was born in Kentucky in 1817, and came to Illinois in 1831. He was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected to the office of probate judge of Macoupin county in 1843; was a member of the constitutional conven- tion in 1847; county judge in 1849; elected to the state senate in 1851; member of the peace conference in 1861. He was colonel of the 14th Illi- nois infantry, and rose by successive promotions to major'-general, comman- der of the 14tb army corps, and after- wards of tbe department of Kentucky. Was governor from 1869 to 1872, both inclusive. Richard J. Oglesby was again elected to the office of governor in 1872; in 1873 he was sent to the United States senate and Lieutenant-Governor John L. Beveridge succeeded to the gover- norship, which he held until 1877. Shelby M. Cullom succeeded Gover- nor Beveridge. He was born in Ken- tucky in 1828; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession in 1848; was elected to the state legislature in 1856, and again in 1860. Served on the war commission at Cairo, in 1862, and was a member of the 39th, 40th, and 41st congresses, in all of which he served with credit to his state. He was again elected to the state legislature in 1872, and re-elected in 1874. He was elected governor in 1876, and again in 1880. During the last term he was sent to the United States senate, and Lieutenant-Governor John M. Hamilton succeeded to the office of governor, which he held with credit and ability lor tbe remainder of the term. John M. Hamilton was succeeded as governor by Richard J. Oglesby, elected in 1884. A sketch of Gov. Oglesby is given in connection with the mention of his first election. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS. Pierre Menard was the first lieuten- ant-governor of Illinois. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came to Illinois in 1790, where he engaged in the Indian trade, and became wealthy. He died in 1844. Menard county was named in his honor. Adolphus F. Hubbdxd was elected lieutenant-governor in 1822. Four years later, he ran for governor against Edwards, but was beaten. William Kinney was elected in 1826. He was a Baptist clergymen; was born in Kentucky in 1781, and came to Illi- nois in 179:!. Zadock Casey was elected lieutenant- governor in 1830, although on the oppo- sition ticket to Governor Reynolds, the successful gubernatorial candidate. He subsequently served several terms in congress. Alexander M Jenkins was elected on the ticket with Governor Duncan, in 1834, by a handsome majority. S. H. Anderson, lieutenant-governor under Governor Carlin, was chosen in 1838. He was a native of Tennessee. John Moore was elected lieutenant- governor in 1842. He was born in Eng- land in 1793, and came to Illinois in 1830. He won the name of "Honest John Moore." Joseph B. Wells was chosen with Gov. French, at his first election, in 1846. In 1848, when French was again chosen governor, William McMurtry was elected lieutenant-governor. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 43 Gustavus P. Koemer was the next ti> hold the office, having Keen elected in 1852. He was born in Germany in 1809. At the age of 22 he came to Illinois. In 1872 he was the candidate of the liberal party for governor, but was defeated. John Wood was elected in 1856, and cm the death of Gover ■ Bissell, became governor. Francis A. Hoffman was chosen with Governor Yates in 1860. He was born in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois in 1840. William Brosa was the next, elected in 1864. He was born in New Jersey, and came to Illinois in 1848. John Dough- erty was elected in 1868. John L. Beveridge was chosen lieuten- ant-governor in 1872, and when Gov- ernor Oglesby was sent to the senate in 1873, lie became governor, and held the position the remainder of the term. Andrew Sherman was elected lieuten- ant-governor in 1876. John M. Hamilton, elected in 1880, became governor when Fhelby M. Cul- lom was elected to the office of United States senator. Win. J. Campbell was elected presi- dent of the senate and ex-officio lieuten- ant-governor when Hamilton succeeded to the gubernatorial chair. John C. Smith is the present incum- bent. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC [NSTRUCTION. The following have served in this ac- pacity: Ninian W. Edwards, 1854-56; W. H. Powell. 1857-58; Newton Bate- man, 1859-75; Samuel M. Etter, 1876-80; James P. Slade, 1880-81; Henry Raab succeeded Slade. His last term will ex- pire in 1887. ATTORNEY-GENERAL. The attorney-generals of Illinois have been as follows: Daniel P. Cook. 1819; William Mears, 1S-_>U; Samuel I). Lock- wood. 1821-22; .lames Turney, 1823-28; George Forquer, 1829-32; .lames Sem- ple, 1833-34; Ninian W. Edwards. 1834- 35; Jesse B. Thomas, Jr.. 1835; Walter B. Seates, 1836; Asher F. Linder, ls:;7; George W. Olney, 1838; Wickliffe Kitchell, ISM'.); Josiah Lamhorn, 1841- 42; James A. McDougall, lS4.">-4r, ; David 13. Campbell, 1846; [office abol- ished and recreated in 1867]; Robert (i. [ngersoll, 1867-68; Washington Bush- nell, 1869-72; James K. Edsall, 1872-80; James McCartney, is.sn.s4; George Hunt, present incumbent. TREASURER. The state treasurers of Illinois have been as follows; John Thomas, 1818-19; R. K. McLaughlin, 1819-22; Ebner Field. 1823-26; James Hall. 1827-30; John Dement, 1831-36; Charles Greg- ory, 1836; John 1). Whiteside. 1837-40; M. Carpenter, 1S41-4S; John Moore, 1848-56; James Miller, 1857-60; Wil- liam Butler, 1861-62; Alexander Starne, 1863-64; James H. Beveridge. 1865-66; George W. Smith. 1867-68; Erastus N. Late-. 1869-72; Edward Rutz, 1878-79; John C. Smith, 1879-81; Edward Rutz, 1881-83; John C. Smith, 1883-84; Jacob Gross, 1885-89. SECRETARIES OF STATE. Elias K. Kane, 1818-22; Samuel D. Lockwood, 1822-23; David Blackwell, ls^;;-'_'|; .Morris Birkbeck, 1824; George Farquer, 1825-28; Alexander P. Field. 1829-40; Stephen A. Douglas, 1840; Ly- man Trumbull, 1S41-42; Thompson II HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Campbell, 1843-46; Horace S, Cooley, 1846-49; David L. Gregg, 1850-52: Alex- ander Starne, 1853-56; Azias M. Batch, 1857-60; Sharon Tyndale, 1865-68; Ed- ward Hummel, 1869-72; George H. Har- low, 1873-79, Henry D. Dement, 1881. He is the present incumbent. AUDITORS. Elijah C. Berry, 1818-31; I. T. B. Stapp, 1831-35; Levi Davis, 1835-40; .lames Shields, 1841-42; W. L. D. Ew- ing, 1843-45; Thompson Campbell, 1846; Jesse K. Dubois. 1857-64; Orlin H. Miner. 1865-68; Charles E. Lippincott, 1869-76; Thomas 15. Nee. lies, 1877-79; Charles P. Swigert, elected in 1880, and again in 1884, is the present incumbent. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Ninian Edwards — On the organization of the state, in 1848, Ninian Edwards, the popular territorial governor, was chosen senator for the short term, and in 181!) re-elected for full term. Jesse B. Thomas — One of the federal judges during the entire territorial exis- tence, was chosen senator on organiza- tion of the state, and re-elected in 1823, ami served till 1829. John McLean — In 1824 Edwards re- signed, and John McLean was elected to fill his unexpired term. He was born in North Carolina in 1791, and came to Illinois in 181."); served one term in con- gress, and in 1829 was elected to the United States senate, hut the following year died. He is said to have been the most gifted man of his period in Illi- nois. Elias Kent Kane — Was elected No- vember 30, 1824, for the term beginning March 4, ls-_>.",. I n 1830 he was re-elec- ted, but died before the expiration of his term. He was a native of New York, and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was first secretary of state, and afterwards state senator. David Jewett Parker — Was appointed to till the unexpired term of Judge McLean in 1830, November 12, but the legislature refused to endorse the choice. 1'arker was a native of Connecticut, bom in 17H2, and died in Alton in 1869. John M. Robinson — Instead of Baker, the governor's appointee, the legislature chose Robinson, and in 1834 he was re- elected. In 1843 he was elected supreme judge of the state; but died within, two months of his election. H."- was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois when quite young. William L. I). Ewing — Was elected in is:!."), to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Senator Kane. He was a Kentuckian. Richard M. Young — Was elected in 1836, and held his seat from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1843, a full term. He was a native of Kentucky; was a circuit judge before his election to the senate, and 3upreme judge in LS42. He died in an insane asylum at Washington. Samuel McRoberts — The first native Illinoisan ever elevated to the high office of United States senator from this state, was born in 1799, and died in 1843, on his return home from Washington. He was elected circuit judge in 1824, and March 4, 1841, took his seat in the United States senate. Sidney Breese — Was elected to the United States senate, December 17, 1842, and served a full term. He was born in Oneida county, New York. He was a major in the Black Hawk war; was cir- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 45 emit judge, and in 1841 was elected su- preme judge. He served a full term in the United States senate, beginning March 4, 1843, after which he was elected to the legislature, again circuit judge, and, in 1857, to the supreme court, which position he held until his death, in 1878. .James Semple — Was the successor of Samuel McRoberts, and was appointed by Governor Ford in 1843. lie was afterwards elected judge of the supreme court. Stephen A. Douglas — Was elected De- cember 14, 1846. He had previously served three terms as congressman. He became his own successor in 1853, and again in 1859. From his first entrance in tin' senate, he was acknowledged the peer of Clay, Webster and Calhoun, with whom he served his first term. His famous contest with Abraham Lincoln for the senate in 1858, is the most mem- orable in the annals of our country. -It was called the "battle of the giants," and resulted in Douglas' election to the senate, anil that of Lincoln to the pres- idency, lie was horn in Brandon, Ver- mont, April li.'i, 1813, and came to Illinois, in 1833. He died inl861. He was appointed secretary of state by Governor Carlin, in 1840, and shortly afterward to the supreme bench. James Shields — Was elected and as- sumed his seat in the United States senate in 1849, March 4. He was born in Ireland, in 1810, and came to the United States in 1827. He served in the Mexican war, was elected senator from Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri for a short term. Lyman Trumbull — Took his seal in the United States senate March 4, 1855, and became his own successor in 1861. He had previously served one term in the lower house of COngreSS, and served on the supreme bench. He was born in Connecticut; studied law and came to Illinois in early life, when' for years lie was actively engaged in politics. He resides in Chicago. Orville H. Browning was appointed United States senator in 1861, to fill the seat made vacant by the death of Stephen A. Douglas, until a senator could be regularly elected. Mr. Brown- ing was horn in Harrison county, Ken- tucky: was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in tin practice of law, and was instrumental, with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, in forming the republican party of Illinois, at the Bloomington conven- tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as secretary of the interior, and in March, 1868, was designated by the president to perform the duties of attorney gen- eral, in addition to his own as secretary of the interior department. William A. Richardson — Was elected to the United States senate in 1863, to fill the unexpired term of his friend. Stephen A. Douglas. He was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, about 1810, studied law, ami settled in Illinois; served as captain in the .Mexican war, and was promoted for bravery on the battle-field of Buena Vista, by a unani- mous vote of his regiment. He served in the lower house of congress from 184'3 to 1857, continuously. Iiiehard Yates — Was elected in 1865, and served a full term of six years. A sketch of him is given in connection with tin 1 office ot governor. John A. Logan — Was elected to the 16 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. United States senate in 1871. He was horn in Jackson county, Illinois, Feb- ruary 9, 1826, received a common school education; enlisted as a private in the Mexican war, where he rose to the rank of regimental quarter-master. On re- turning home he studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; was elected in 1858 a representative to the 36th congress and re-elected to the 37th congress, resigning in 1861 to take part in the sup- pression of the rebellion, served as colonel, and subsequently as a. major- general, and commanded with distinc- tion, the armies of the Tennessee. He was again elected to the senate in 1879, and served the full term. He was the candidate of the republican party in 1884 I'm- vice-president of the United States, with Blaine, but was defeated. David Davis — Was elected to the United States senate in 1877, for a term of six years. He was born in Cecil county, Maryland, March 9, 1815; grad- uated at Kenyon college, Ohio, studied law. and removed to Illinois in 1835; was admitted to the bar, and settled in Bloomington, where he has since resid- ed, and amassed a large fortune. He was for many years the intimate friend and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him each year, and after Lincoln's election to the presidency, was appointed by him to rill the position ( f judge of the supreme court of the United States, which position he re- signed to accept the senatorship. When Arthur ascended to the presidency, at the death of Garfield. Davis was elected president of the senate and acting vice- president of the United States. Shelby M. C'ullom — Was elected to the United States senate in 1883, to succeed David Davis for a term of six years, ami is serving in that capacity at present. At the time of his election to this office he was filling the gubernatorial chair, and resigned, and John M. Hamilton succeeded him. Senator Cullom is a resident of Springfield. In 1885, John A. Logan, after a pro- tracted contest in the legislature, was elected as successor to himself in the senate, and is the present colleague of Senator Cullom. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. Fifteenth congress, 1818 — John Mc- Lean . Sixteenth, 1819-20— Daniel P. Cook. Seventeenth, 1821-22-Daniel P. Cook. Eighteenth, 1823-24— Daniel P.Cook. Nineteenth, 1825-26— Daniel P. Cook. Twentieth, 1827-28— Joseph Duncan. Twenty-first, 1829-30— Joseph Dun- can . Twenty-second, 1831-32 — Joseph Dun- can . Twenty-third, 1833-34 — Joseph Dun- can, Zadock Casey. Twenty-fourth, 1835-36— Zadock Ca- sey. John Reynolds, William L. May. Twenty-fifth, 1837-38— Zadock Casey, John Reynolds, William L. May. Twenty-sixth, 1839-40— Zadock Ca- sey, John Reynolds, JohnT. Stuart.. Twenty-seventh, 1841-42— Zadock Ca- sey, John Reynolds, John T. Stuart. Twenty-eighth, 1843-44— Robt. Smith, Orlando B. Ficklin, Stephen A. Douglas, John A. McClernand, Joseph P. Hoge, John J. Hardin, John Wentworth. Twenty-ninth, 1845-46— Robt, Smith, Stephen A. Douglas, Orlando B. Fick- lin, John J. Hardin (1845), Joseph P. Hoge, John A. McClernand, John Went- worth. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Thirtieth, 1847-8— John Wentworth, Thomas J. Turner (1847), Abraham Lincoln, John A. McClernand, Orlando B. Ficklin, Robert Smith, William A. Richardson. Thirty-first, 1849-50— John A. Mc- Clernand, John Wentworth, Timothy P. Young, William A. Richardson, Edward 1). Baker, W. II. Bissell, T. L. Harris. Thirty-second, 1851-52 — William A. Richardson, Thompson Campbell, Or- lando B. Ficklin, John Wentworth, Richard Yates, Richard S. Maloney, Willis Allen, William H. Bissell. Thirty-third, 1853-54 — William H. Bissell, John ('. Allen, Willis Allen, Elihu B. Washburne, Richard Yates, Thompson Campbell, James Knox. Jesse (>. Norton, William A. Richardson. Thirty-fourth, 1855-6— Elihu B. Washburne, Lyman Trumbull, James H. Woodworth, James Knox, Thomp- son Campbell, Samuel S. Marshall, J. L. D. Morrison, C. Allen, Jesse O. Nor- ton. William A. Richardson. Thirty-fifth, 1857-58— Elihu B. Wash- burne, Charles D. Hodges, William Kellogg, Thompson Campbell, John F. Farnsworth, Owen Lovejoy, Samuel S. Marshall, Isaac N. Morris, Aaron Shaw, Robert Smith, Thomas L. Harris. Thirty-sixth, 1859-60— Elihu B.Wash- burne, John A. Logan, Owen Lovejoy, John A. McClernand, Isaac N. Morris, John F. Farnsworth. Philip B. Fouke, Thomas L. Harris, William Kellojrg, James <'. Robertson. Thirty-seventh, 1861-62— Elihu B. Washburne, James C. Robertson, John A. Logan. Owen Lovejoy, John A. Mc- Clernand. Isaac N. Arnold, Philip I!. Fouke, William Kellogg, Anthony L. Knapp, William A. Richardson. Thirty-eighth, 1863-64— Elihu P. Washburne, Jesse O. Norton, James C. Robinson, William J. Allen. Isaac N. Arnold, John R. Eden, Lewis W. Ross, John T. Stuart. Owen Lovejoy . William I!. Morrison, John C. Allen. John F. Farnsworth. Charles W. Morris, Eben Ingorsoll, A. L. Knapp. Thirty-ninth, 1865-66— E. P. Wash- burne, Anthony P. Thornton, Jno. Went- worth, Aimer C. Hardin, Eben C, Inger- soll, Barton C. Cook. Shelby M. Cullom, John F. Farnsworth. John Baker, Henry P. H. Brom well, An drew X. Kuykendall, Samuel S. Marshall, Samuel W. Moul- ton, Lewis W. Ross. Fortieth. 1867-68— Elihu P. Wash- burne, Aimer ('. Hardin, Eben C. Inger- Boll, Norman P. Judd. Albert G. Purr, Barton C. Cook. Shelby M. Cullom, John F. Farnsworth. John Baker, Henry P. H. Bremwell, John A. Logan, Samuel S. Marshall, Green P. Raum, Lewis W. Ross. Forty-first, 1869-70— N\ P. Judd, John F. Farnsworth, H. C. Burchard, John P. Hawley, Eben C. [ngersoll, Barton C.Cook, Jesse H. Moore, Shelby M. Cullom, Thomas W. McNeeley, Al- bert O. Purr, Samuel S. Marshall, John P. Hay, John M. Crebs, John A. Logan. Forty-second, 1S71-72 — Charles P. Farwi 11, John Farnsworth, Horatio C. Burchard, John B. Hawley. Bradford X. Stevens. Henry Snapp, Jesse II. Moore, James C. Robinson, Thos. W. McNally, Edward Y. Pice, Samuel S. Marshall, John P. Hay, John M. Crebs, John S. Beveridge. Forty-third. ls7:!-74— John P. Rice, Jasper I). Ward, Charles P. Farwell, Stephen A. Hurlburt, Horatio C. Pur- chard, J. P. Hawley, Franklin Corwin, 48 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. win, Robert M. Knapp, James ('. Rob- inson, John 1!. McNulta, Joseph G. Cannon, John It. Eden, James S. Mar- tin. William It. Morrison, Greenbury I.. Fort, Granville Barriere, William H. Ray, Isaac Clements, Samuel S. Mar- shall. Forty-fourth, 1875-76 — Bernard G. Caulfield, Carter H. Harrison. Charles B. Farwell, StephenA. Hurlburt, Hora- tio C. Burchard, Thomas J. Henderson, Alexander Campbell, Greenbury I,. Fort, Richard II. Whiting, John ('. Bagby, Scott Wike, William M. Springer, Adlai E. Stevenson, Joseph G. Cannon, John It. Eden, W. A. .1. Sparks, Wil- liam It. Morrison, William Hartzell, William I!. Anderson, Forty-fifth, 1877-78— William Aldrich, Carter II. Harrison, Lorenzo Brentano, William Lathrop, Horatio C. Burchard, Thomas .1. Henderson, Philip C. Hayes, Greenbury L. Fort. Thomas A. Boyd, Benjamin F. Marsh, Robert M. Knapp, William M. Springer, Thomas F. Tip- ton, Joseph G. Cannon, John R. Eden, W. A. J. Sparks, William R. Morrison, William Hartzell, Richard W. Town- shend. Forty-sixth, 1879-80— William Aid- rich, George R. Davis, Hiram Barber, John C Sherwin, R. M. A. Hawk. Thomas .1 . Henderson, Philip C. Haves. Greenbury L. Fort, Thomas A. Boyd, Benjamin F. Marsh, .lames W. Single- ton, William M. Springer. A. E. Steven- son, Joseph G. Cannon, Albert P. Forsythe, W. A. .1. Sparks. William It. Morrison, John It. Thomas. It. W. Townshend. Forty-seventh, 1881-S2— William Aid- rich, George R. Davis, Charles R. Far- well, John C. Sherwin, Robert M. A. Hawk, Thomas .1. Henderson, William Cullen, Lewis E. Payson, John H. Lewis, Benjamin F. Marsh, James W. Singleton, William M. Springer, Diet- rich C. Smith, Joseph 0. Cannon, Sam- uel W. Moulton, W. A. J. Sparks, William R. Morrison, John It. Thomas, It. W. Townshend. Fortyreighth — Ransom W. Dunham, John F. Finerty, George R. Davis, George E. Adams, Reuben Ellwood, Robert It. Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson, William Cullen, Lewis F. Payson, Nicholas E. Worthington, William II. Neece, James M. Riggs, William M. Springer, Jonathan II. Rowell, Joseph G. Cannon, Aaron Shaw, Samuel W. Moulton, William R. Morrison, R. W. Townshend, John R. Thomas. Forty-ninth — Ransom W. Dunham, Francis Lawler, James H. Ward, George E. Adams. Reuben Ellwood, Robert R. Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson, Ralph Plumb, Lewis E. Payson, Nicholas E. Worthington, William H. Neece, James M. Riggs, William M. Springer, Jona- than II. Rowell, Joseph G. Cannon, Silas Z. Landes, John R. Eden, William It. Morrison. Richard W. Townshend, John R. Thomas. Only three-fourths of a century ago, the territory of Illinois was organized, with a population estimated at 9,000; to-day it numbers more than three and one-half millions — a greater number than in all the colonies during the rev- olution. When organizea, steamboats had never traversed its waters; rail- roads, telegraphs and telephones were unknown: to-day, every navigable stream is alive with vessels, carrying her products to other lands; while rail- roads traverse every county and almost HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 49 every township in the state; while the number of miles of telegraph wire would probably encircle the globe, and the telephone is placed in many thous- ands of homes, enabling their inmates to converse intelligibly with parties at a distance of many miles. Then the light that shone out of darkness was only the tallow dip, or that furnished from blazing logs in the old-fashioned fire-places; to-day, after having dis- placed the tallow dip, the candle and the common house-lamp, the darkness of night is penetrated by the glare of gas, and the bright rays of the electric light, rivalling the light of day. Then agriculture was in its infancy, it being possible with the machinery then used, only to raise sufficient crops to supply the wants of those lying within its boundary; to-day, with the improved plows, the self-binding reaper, the steam thresher, and other improved machinery, Illinois can feed a nation of 50,000,000 of people. Then the news- paper was a rare visitor in the house- hold; to-day, the humblest citizen can scarcely exist without his daily and weekly paper. Then knowledge was possessed by few; to-day, by means of free schools, well endowed colleges and other influences, there is no excuse for living ignorant. But time would fail to compare the advantages of t j-day over the first decade of the present century, and the student of history, as he reads of the progress made, can only wonder what the future will reveal. 50 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER I. To nearly every thinking mind the study of history is one of peculiar pleas- ure and enjoyment. The sage and scholar poring over a dusty tome, draws from the details of a vanished past the lessons of to-day. The fiery mind of youth receives from its pure well the in- spiration for bright and noble deeds that <>t't bear the fruit of name and fame. The pelitician, too, can therein see the rocks and shoals that have wrecked so many a noble craft, and can steer his hark into safety's haven by its glow. All history, if properly written, is in- teresting; and there is not a country, or a city, or a hamlet — nay, it might he said, not a family or an individual on the globe — whose history might not be more or less valuable to posterity. INTRODUCTORY. From those days called ancient, away back in the dim and misty past, when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence sufficient to enable them to transmit a traditionary account of themselves, all along down "the dim corridors of recorded time" our ances- tors have left in various ways, and by different means, information, more or less mythical and fabulous, of the age and generation in which they played their ephemeral part on the world's ever changing theater of action. It is graven in bronze on the wonderful works of the central nations of Africa, around those "dim fountains of the Nile;" the grey old pyramids in the valley of that clas- sic river are covered with the demotic and hieoglyphical language of the past. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 51 The vast and mighty "palaces and piles stupendous," heavy with the dust of unknown centuries, that bewilder the traveler amid Egypt's drifting sands, upon the plains of the Tigris and Euphrates, and hidden away in the jungles <>( the Indies; the gigantic ruins of Central and Southern America, under the snow-capped Cordilleras, ami among the prolific t'm-ests of Yucatan; the seamed and wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a powerful and advanced civilization scattered throughout the great valley of the Mississippi, all bear testimony to the countless attempts to transmit knowledge to posterity. The written history of the American Continent dates back scarcely four cen- turies, yet within that comparatively short period its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her grand rivers and mighty inland seas, valuable additions to the world's stock of knowledge. Like the Eastern Continent, our own has its historic points, its nuclei around which cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the story of martyrs, and the le- gends of a. barbarous past. St. Augus- tine, Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Que- bec, Montreal, Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Detroit, are localities about which gather volumes of history. A recital of these chain the attention and inflame the imagination of the care- ful student, as he slowly peruses its pages, and lives over again the deeds of those that have left such "footprints in the sands of time" as excite the emula- tion of all good people. If this is true of general history, the annals, of the long ago, in distant edimes, among a strange people, how much more interesting it. must he to peruse the pages of local history — the chronicle of the birth and develop- ment of our homes, the history of the people with whom we have an ac- quaintance, the record of the develop- ment of towns, the buildings, the institutions that surround us and that we have known for years — when on each page we can scan the rise and growth of some familiar landmark in our own lives, or watch with pride the ca- reer of some one loved and dear. 11 is the aim of this work to collect and preserve in enduring and popular form some of the facts of the early set- tlement and subsequent growth of a great, county of a grand state. The families win ise ancestors were early on the ground, and whose members have made the county what it is are worthy of re- membrance, and it is the intention to rescue them from the dust of oblivion. The hands upon the dial of time had scarcely pointed to the last hour of the second decade of the present century when first the foot of civilized man pressed the virgin soil of Jersey county. Before that era this bright land was a vast, unbroken wilderness, whose only inhabitants were the birds and beasts, and their scarcely less wild congener, the nomad Indians of the plains, who here found a hunting ground, oftimes a place of battle and a red grave. To the untutored savage, who lived but in the present, the thought that the "palefaces" would penetrate this beau- tiful country occurred not to disturb his dreams, and he continued on with his daily life of hunting and fish- LIDRARY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA- CHAMPAIGN 52 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ing, and only varied the monotony of his lazy existence by a short, but bloody, passage-at-arms with some rival tribe. I'.nt the time must come when he must Burrender this lovely heritage of bis fathers and move onward to the sunset land, to give place to the hated white man. The time was soon to come when all nature must be changed; when the fair prairies with their gorgeous flowers and emerald sod must be broken up by the husbandman, and grain fit for the uses of civilized man sown therein. Seventy years ago the soil was as yet unvexed by the plow, and the woodman's ax had never been heard ; the rude cabin of the settler with its smoke curling heavenward, with an air inviting the weary traveler to come and , rest, was totally wanting in the broad landscape, and there was not even the slightest trace of the coming civilization — noth- ing but emerald seas and luxuriant grasses. "These, the gardensof the desert these The unshorn fields, boundless and beautiful, As the young earth ere man had sinned. Lo! they stretch In airy undulations far away. As though the ocean, in the gentlest swell, Stood still, with all its rounded billows fixed. And motionless forever." But these beautiful prairies that but a few short years ago lay basking 'noath a summer sun, without a trace of human habitation upon their broad bosoms, are now covered with fertile farms, thriving villages, commodious mansions and busy towns. The wilderness has been changed into the abode of man and the home of civilization. And the annals of the men and the times that w rought this wonder- ful transformation, it is the duty as well a- the pleasure of tin.' historian to collect and jot down upon these pages, so that when these heroes of the frontier shall have passed onward to their "great re- ward" they shall have left these lines behind them as monuments to mark their memories — monuments more en- during than stone or brass, even were their epitaphs written in letters of gold. Even while they live, the recital of those early days when first they " stuck their stakes" in this their land of prom- ise, the changes from the then to now will come uppermost in their minds, and the contrast will afford some food for thought. In those by-gone days the road hither was long and tedious, no roads, no bridges; the only mode of cross- ing the numerous streams that mean- dered across the path of the pilgrim was by fording or swimming. The only mode of transportation was the covered wagon, within whose protecting hood was pa eked the courageous wife and mother with her little ones, together with the few articles of furniture thought necessary to begin life in the "far west." Letters from the dear ones, left in the home-nest, were like the proverbial angels' visits, " Few ami far between." Entering upon pos- session of their new-found home, after the labor, keen and arduous, of the father and husband had been rewarded by the completion of the humble cot, built of the primeval logs, the family settled down to the hardships and scant fare of pioneer life. No labor-saving machinery was there in those days to lighten the work in husbandry or domes- tic economy, only heavy manual labor, with the crudest of tools. No conven- ient mill or store at which to purchase the necessities of life when " reluctant nature withheld her smile " and crops HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. :,;; failed to meet the emergency. These were but a tithe of the trials and incon- veniences of a new settlement, but how changed to-day. In place of the weary journey through mud, or dust, or drifted snow, thirty or forty miles to mill, or dis- tant village for provision, the only means of transport, the slow-paced oxen or scarcely faster plodding farm-horse, now the iron stood of commerce, with rush and roar, dashes tip almost to the door-step of the farmer, and towns and villages with stores and mills dot these verdant hills and plains. Conveniences are brought to their very homes, and the mails, that were many weeks on their way in the past, now are hardly cold from the hands of the loved ones in the ''old home" ere they are in the hands of the receiver. Ye newer-comers, com- pare, in your minds, the rude appliances of early days, both in the farm imple- ments, and the domestic helps to the labors of both man and wife; contrast the horse-power thresher with the Hail; the scythe and cradle with the self-bind- ing harvester; the sewing machine with its humble sister, the needle, and thous- ands of other innovations and improve- ments with the makeshifts and ruder implements of former times. The heroes and heroines of the early days, for women met the same fate with as hold a front as the sterner sex, havo earned their place in history, and it is but meet that they should occupy it. A history of the people is, par excel- lence, the history id' the state, the nation or the county, and in these pages the people shall fill the prominent place. The annals of the lives of these, the "Pilgrim Fathers" of Jersey county have within them all the elements of tragedy or comedy, ami the story of their conflict with nature and the vicissitudes of pioneer life shall he the principal theme of this history. Thousands of facts arc herein record- ed, and individual sketches of hundreds of citizens, living and dead, are here placed in enduring form. These men and women are, or have been, actors in the drama of the settlement and devel- opment of Jersey county. By inserting these sketches, in addition to other mat- ter, is preserved, not only the recital of historic fact, hut a suhcurrent of indi- vidual deeds that run through it, like some minor chord in the grand melody, giving a realism to the narrative, which could he imparted in no other way. The first place in a history id' this class necessarily begins with the first settlers, the hardy pioneers who first broke the way for civilization into these pristine wastes. The pioneers! how that word strikes a responsive chord in every bosom — how at its sound we con- jure up the hold, hardy and adventurous father of a family packing up a few in- disjiensaldes and turning his hack upon the parent roof-tree, all its conveniences and luxuries, and plunging into a sav&ge and untried wilderness, far in advance of the hosts of civilization, there to carve him out a new home. Hugged men, with nerves and muscles of steed, and hearts hold as the Vikings of old, they merit our fullest admiration of their heroism, for heroic it was, this defying of nature in her wildest moods. Let, then, the tablets of history hear their names, that when, in a few short years, they have been called to the land of the bereafter, their deeds and actions perish not with them, and that coming genera- 54 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY tions may have ever before them the bright examples of these noble men. Rough were they in many cases, and uncouth, yet in them lies the true nobil- ity that lifts a man from an ignominious position and places him upon a high pe- destal. Burns, the Scottish poet, truly says: "The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The geld the gold for all that." And although in many cases these bold pioneers were men of limited edu- cation and little social training, men who would lie out of place in the gilded salons of society, or the silken boudoir of beauty, still they were possessors of a noble manhood that is the monopoly of no race or caste. Then honor to these noble men, and women, too, that first made a settlement on the wild prairies and in the timber of Jersey county; and here planted the seeds that have grown into such a flourishing community; that have had a prominent hand in making it what it is. When these argonauts first came here they were completely isolated from their kind. No railroads, and, in fact, no roads of any kind connected them with the far-away land of their kin. No house in which to dwell until they could rear their humble log cabin, no neigh- bors to render aid in sickness or trouble, no one to close their eyes in death — alone. Life with them was not all a rosy dream, but a hard and bitter strug- gle with want, penury and privation, and tbc wonder is that they should still be spared to us, after almost a life-time of toil and conflict; but still many of them linger this side of the grave. Let us then hasten, and inclining the ear, listen to their tales of bygone days, the story of their lives, the description of their acts during the heroic age, that history may inscribe them upon her tablets, a monument, when they are gone, more enduring than stone or bronze. The men of to-day, hardy sons of heroic sires, prominent in official or in commercial circles, also deserves a place in history, for "each day we live, we are making history," and the details of the rise and growth of the business in- terests of the county are not without their value in observations on the grad- ual rise of this section from barbarism and a wilderness to the teeming farm lands, interspersed with cities, towns and villages, as we now find it. These old settlers must be gathered unto their fathers; the men so full of business and activity to-day must go down into the grave; the youth and bud- ding maiden, rise to manhood and womanhood, linger and decay, and even children that now linger 'round their parents' knee, give place to other people and other tilings. Then the value of history will In' better understood, when all these actors upon the stage of life have lain down, "With patriarchs of the infant world,— with kiniis. Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past, All in one mighty sepulchre," Then posterity will hail with gladness these annals of the times and deeds of their forefathers, that they may pattern after their noble sires. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. CHAPTER II. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES. Jersey county lies on the western border of the great state of Illinois, at the junction of the Illinois river and the mighty Mississippi, and embraces some"- what over ten congressional townships or about three hundred and sixty-three square miles, and contains about 232,0 acres of land, nearly all of which is val- uable for tillage or pasture. The county is bounded on the north by Greene county, on the east by Ma- coupin and Madison counties, on the south by the state of Missouri, from which it is separated b) the Mississippi river, and on the west by Calhoun coun- ty, the Illinois river forming the boun- dary line between. The central and eastern portions of this sub-division of the state, are mostly prairie, level or gently rolling, hut the southern and western part becomes more broken and rough as it approaches the rivers farming in bluffs and hills sepa- tcd from each ether by narrow ravines, and with sharp declivities, crowned with a narrow, knifelike ridge, souk- towering some two or three hundred feet in the air. This portion of the county was heavily timbered at one time, but the hands of the busy woodman has wielded the axe so well that much of the land has been cleared of its leafy mantle, but enough remains to give to it the appear- ance of a wooded country, and with the outcrop of gigantic rock, deep shady ravines and purling springs, make as picturesque locality as any found in the state. The territory of Jersey county is di- versified with many streams of water, that Bow in all directions from the cen- ter, of which Jerseyville is the highest point. The principal of these streams are the Macoupin, the Otter, Piasa and Phill's creek with their affluents. Ma- coupin creek enters Jersey county first in the northern part of Ruyle township and winding, with devious course in a general westerly course close to the boundary line between this and Greene county, is some times in one county and some times in the other, until it reaches the northeast corner of the township of Richwoods, from which point to the 111- nois river, into which it empties, it forms the boundary line between the tw i counties. Phill's creek, which is 'an affluent of this stream, is formed by the junction of several small rivulets, which unite on section 17, of Fidelity township, and from thence flowing northwesterly, receives the waters of the Owl and Dorsey's branches, ami flows into the Macoupin creek. Piasa creek has its solirse in the southwestern part of Macoupin county, ami is formed by the function of two or three small runs that meet on section 35, of 56 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Fidelity township, and from thence flowing in a general southwesterly course, empties into the Mississippi liver. Otter creek has its rise in the center of the county, and flows west- wardly into the Illinois river, at the southeast corner of section 6, Rosedale township. These streams, with their numerous affluents, and many small creeks, runs and rivulets that empty into the two rivers, afford ample drain- age for the county, and supply an abun- dance of water for stock purposes. KAILROADS. There are three lines of railroad tra- versing the territory of Jersey county, in various directions, connecting it with eastern and southern markets. The St. Louis and Kansas City branch of the Chicago and Alton railroad enters the county on the north from Greene county and traverses the townships of Jersey- ville, Mississippi and Piasa. It has tAvo stations within the county, those of Jerseyville and Delhi. Another branch of the same road crosses the southeast corner of Piasa township, the main line from Chicago to St. Louis. The Rock Island and St. Louis branch of the Chi- cago, Burlington and Quincy railroad dosses the northeastern part qf Ruyle township and has one station within this county, Kemper. The St. Louis, Jerseyville and Springfield branch of the Wabash railroad, enters the county from the northeast, crosses the town- ships of Fidelity and Jerseyville to the city <>f the latter name, and then turns smith, passing through Mississippi and Elsah to the town of Elsah, on the Mis- sissippi river, thence turning west, runs to Grafton, where it, at present, has its terminus. Besides these iron roads, nature has provided the most magnifi- cent of waterways for the carrying off of the surplus products of this portion of the state, the Illinois river and the mighty Mississippi, the Father of Wat- ers. All these numerous avenues of trade, facilitate the transportation of merchandise and produce, and bring the county of Jersey into direct com- munication with the mighty marts of commerce, both north and south, and add largely to the commercial value of everything raised within its borders. From early times the energetic agricul- turists of this county have throve and gathered stores of this world's goods, until to-day Jersey county stands well to the front as one of the most prosper- ous in the state of Illinois. The bluff lands of the county are most admirably adapted to the cultivation of all kinds of fruits, as well as wheat and other cereals, and the prairie with its rich, black alluvial soil seems the home of corn and other grains. The rich succu- lent grasses of this region betray by the sleek hides and rounded forms of the stock that are pastured therein, the nu- tritive qualities drawn from a kindly soil. Thrift and affluence are mani- fested on every hand in the fine im- provements and graded stock throughout the county, and taking it as a whole, in an agricultural sense, this county ranks with the best in the land. Its proxim- ity to the great rivers, together with its excellent railroad facilities, and unex- ceptional resources, must make it com- mend itself to those seeking homes in the West. The broken land in the vicinity of the rivers is well adapted to the culture of grape, as is demonstrated HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 57 by those who have made essay in this direction, and in the hands of skillful vinegrowers could be made to yield a more liberal return for the labor de- voted to them, than can be obtained from the richest prairie land, devoted to the common cereals, indigenous to this climate and latitude. Sheep would, no doubt, do well here, as it is a known fact that they are more healthy on hill land than on the lowlands. The following tables will give some idea of the wealth of the county, being the assessments made at various times during the existence of the county, and shows how the real and personal prop- erty of the citizens of Jersey county, has increased from time to time: No. Valued i . $121.8 1853. Horses 3,241- Neat Cattle 6,790 50,963 MuleB 260 8,729 Sheep 2,337 8,846 Hogs 14,707 29,295 Carriages and wagons 1,109 35.477 Clocks and watches 737 3,976 Pianos 7 730 Goods and merchandise 41,150 Manufactured articles 7,822 Money and credits 134,040 Unenumerated property 30,100 Aggregate $466,514 Deductions 27,473 Total value taxable personal property $439,041 Lands $996,652 Town lots 87,679 $1,084,331 $1,523,370 1859 No. Valued at. Horses 8,903 $176,480 Neatcattle 9,023 88,911 Mnles and assea 606 28,729 Sheep 2.413 2,421 Hogs 14,323 23,753 Carriages and wagons 1.549 53,639 Clocks and watches 1,008 6.O09 Pianos 37 2,475 Goods and merchandise 50,130 Bankers' and brokers' property 7,000 Manufactured articles 16,005 Moneys and credits 144,875 Bonds, stockn Uc 2u0 Unenumerated property 63,654 Aggregate $665,179 Deduction 12,751 Total value taxable personal property $652,428 Railway property $ 12.507 Lands 1,502.582 Town lots 211,448 $1,726,537 Total value of real and personal property. $2, 378,965 No. Valued ! $208,C 1864 Horses 5,099 Cattle 9,154 87,783 Mules and asses 463 15.160 Sheep 5,561 10.576 Hogs 13,378 25,852 Carriages and wagons 1.772 59 224 Clocks and watches 967 6,220 Pianos 65 5 645 Goods and merchandise 75,690 Bankers' property 2,000 Manufactured 5,335 Moneys and credits 144,877 Bonds, stocks, etc 11,100 Unenumerated property 103.392 Aggregate $760,878 Land $1,4*1.720 Townlots 220,430 $1,702,150 $2,463,028 Tai levied 159,998,74. 1869 No. Valued at. Horses 4,698 $171,056 Neatcattle 6,733 77.319 Mulesandasses 679 25,266 Sheep 4,459 5,887 Hogs 8.961 19,767 Carriages and wagons 1,612 51,225 Clocks and watches 1,196 7,806 Pianos 88 10.160 Goods and merchandise 79,340 Bankers' property 1.000 Manufactured articles 7.415 Msnevs and credits 200.690 Unenumerated property 103,829 Aggregate $760,790 Deduction 1,590 $759 2u0 Railroad property. . $66,208 Lands in the county 2.219,282 Townlots 499,039 2,784,529 Total assessed valuation $3,543,729 1884 Valued at. Lands $2,741,398 Townlots 573,710 Personal properl y 704,364 Railroad property — 205.540 Telegraph property 918 Aggregate value $4,228,930 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY. The geological structure of Jersey county presents, with the exception of Calhoun, the most interesting and va- ried field for investigation of any county in the state. The outcrops of the strat- ified rocks include a thickness of over one thousand feet of strata, ranging from the lower coal measures to the Trenton limestone of the Lower Silur- ian period. Sonic time after the depos- its of the carboniferous period were made, some great convulsion of the pent up forces of nature caused an up- heaval of the strata, and a mountain, or rather the half of a mountain, arose, whose highest point was in the south- ern portion of Calhoun county, with the foot of the elevation extending in a half circle from Alton through a part of Madison, Jersey, Greene and Calhoun comities to the southwest corner of Pike county, on the Mississippi river. This singular mountain doubtless presented on its southern and western side a mural wall, showing the whole range of the Paleozoic strata, from the St. Peters sandstone of the calciferous period to the coal measures, including over 100 feet of the latter formation. Jutting up against the base of this precipice, the rocks, with the coal measures on top, lie in their natural positions, though somewhat distorted, as if they McAdams.l had been raised up and fallen back again. The lowest rock exposed in the county of Jersey is the well-known Trenton limestone. This mountain was eroded away by the drift period, which, according to the theory of Agassiz, was an immense glacier, miles in thickness, and the fin- ishing stroke in the earth's creation. The erosive forces of the drift period left the site of the mountain on a gen- eral level with the surrounding country. The stream known as Otter Creek has its source over tne coal measures, in the prairie near the city of Jerseyville, ami its course in a western direction, for a dozen miles to its mouth, passes di- rectly over the exposed edges of the rocks raised by the upheaval, thus pre- senting nearly the whole series of rocks in the county. This locality, from the number of strata exposed in so limited an extent, makes it the most interest- ing field for the study of geology of which there is any knowledge in this part of the state of Illinois or the United States. The following section will show the position and comparative thickness of the different groups in the county. The names of the groups given are some of the local, but are those by which they are HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 59 designated in the geological report of the state of Illinois, by Prof. Wbrthen: 4 100 feet. Quarternary. ■5 = 200 feet. Lower Coal Measures. 15 feel. Chester Limestone. I 60 to 78 feet. st. Louis Limestone, l ISO lee t. Keokuk Limestone. s 200 feet. Burlington Limestone. so to 100 reet. Kinderhook Group. 1 30 feet. Black Slate, G > a 15 feet, Hamilton Limestone. p, 'Z p. = ISO feet. Niagara Limestone. 5 £ 40 to 50 leet. Cincinnati Limestone. 50 feet. Trenton Limestone. The total thickness of the geological depi >sits exposed is not far from 1100 feet . We shall now proceed to describe the strata represented in the above section, taking them up in their order of se- quence, ami giving some of the more prominent features that have attracted our attention. In the Quarternary system we include tin- Alluvium, Loess, and Drift, com- prising all the loose superficial material that overlies the stratified rocks. The alluvial deposits of Jersey county are the bottom lands bordering on the Illi- nois river, and on the Piasa, Otter and Macoupin creeks. The bottom along the Illinois river is a deep, sandy loam. differing somewhat in localities, by being formed wholly from the sediment deposited by the annual overflow of the river, or mainly formed from the wash from the highlands of the adjacenl bluffs. These bottom lands are exceed- ingly fertile, producing annually large crops of grain and vegetables, which are grown year after year on the same ground, with hut little perceptible di- minution in the value of the crops. These lowlands are now gradually being elevated from year to year by the the causes already referred to; the swampy portions are filling up or being drained, and the arable area constantly increasing. The alluvial lands of Jersey county will, at no distant day. he very valuable. That portion of the county bordering on the rivers has, adjacent to the bot- toms, a range of high bluffs, cut up In- deep ravines and narrow ridges. These bluffs are covered with a heavy deposit of loess, varying from twenty to sixty feet in thickness. The term loess is ap- plied by geologists to certain deposits of partially stratified marly sands and clays, mainly restricted to the vicinity of our great river valleys. The deposit is in a finely comminuted condition, ami contains the remains of fresh water and land shells, as well as some of the bones of animals of that period. It was doubtless formed after the deposition of the true drift, and when the Mississippi valley more resembled a lake than a flowing river. Where the deposit of loess is well developed, the bluffs usually present a series of bald knobs, which form such a marked feature in the topography of the county alongthe rivers. GO HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. This formation, from its peculiar na- ture, is easily manipulated by the farmer, and yields excellent crops. The loess seems more especially adapted to fnuts and vines, and some of the finest orchards and vineyards in the county are in this formation. It does* not ex- tend far back from the river, except in the valleys of the creeks and streams, which are tilled with the deposit, in some instances, three to six miles from the Muffs, an evidence that the valleys were excavated by other agencies than the water winch now Hows in them. In many places in the deposits of loess in the county are found curious concre- tions, which go by the names of petri- fied potatoe or petrified walnuts. Some of these are very singular, but none of them are fossils, being simply secre- tions, and their presence is without doubt due to some chemical action among the materials of which the loess is composed. DRIFT. The drift deposits are those accumu- lations of clay, sand and gravel which overlie the stratified rocks. The upper part of this deposit in this county is a yellowish, brown clay, furnishing an in- exhaustible supply of material for the manufacture of brick. It is also used in the manufacture of coarse pottery, by being mixed with the blue clay be- neath it. The middle division of the drift is usually a gravel bed, with clay or sand intermingled, and is the main supply of water for our wells. Boulders of granite, sienite, greenstone quartz and porphyry ate often washed out of these graved beds, and are seen in the course of all the. streams. They are sometimes called "lost rocks," a name quite sug- gestive, as they are indeed far away from their original ledges. The sand in the streams is all washed out of the drift. The base of the drift in this county is a blue, plastic clay, in which are often found fragments of the vegetation of the period. A large proportion of the materials occupying the drift de- posits have been derived from regions far beyond the limits of the state, and consist of water-worn fragments of primitive rocks from the Lake Superior region, and beyond, and which have been transported southward by the com- bined action of ice and water, and were distributed over the valley of the Mis- sissippi as far south as the Ohio river, wdiere the whole valley was covered by a vast sea of water. Sometimes fragments of valuable min- erals, such as gold, silver, copper and lead, are found in the drift, and have been the cause of leading many persons to give many fruitless search for mines supposed to be hidden below. All over the country, in digging wells, pieces of coal are found that have been dragged away from the coal measures, and de- ceive the unwary by their presence. Occasionally in digging wells, after penetrating the drift deposits, an old soil is discovered. This is generally found in ancient valleys that existed previous to the drift period. Other creek cuts through one of these an- cient valleys not far above the iron bridge, and there is plainly to be seen, below the base of the drift, a curious black or dark brown formation, almost wholly composed of the limbs, leaves and fruits of trees mingled with a true soil. From a cubic foot of this HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 61 old deposit we extracted perhaps a score of perfect cones, from an inch to three inches in length, that belonged to some old eonifer tree. Of the vegetation of this period but little is known: the same may be said of the animals. They wire, however, without doubt tittrd to live in a cold climate. We have some remains of an animal found in the drift deposits near Grafton. It was an ani- mal as large as an ox, and had long tusks, very different, however, from those of an elephant; it is unknown to science. From the same locality we have the teeth of a mammoth species of elk or reindeer, together with the re- mains of rodents of unknown species. On the Piasa. Macoupin and Otter creeks a number of the remains of the huge and peculiar mammals of the drift period have been found. Relics or re- mains of this kind, found in digging wells or other excavations should he preserved, as they are the fragmentary pages of a lost history. Although no beds of the Tertiary age have been identified in this country, certain indications have been observed that would go to show that this forma- tion existed in local patches at least, in tlie valley of the Illinois river. While digging a well on the William's farm on bottom, four miles from the Illinois river, at the depth of twenty feet, a stratum of marl and sand was discov- ered, in which were fossils undoubt- edly of the Tertiary age. One of these fossils, in our possession, is a well pre- served shark's tooth, some four inches long. The river valley at this point is three to four miles wide, and seems to he rilled with true drift deposits, beneath which was found the shark's tooth. Further researches in this locality will no doubt reveal matter of great interest to science. COAL MEASURES. The rocks that belong to the coal measures in this county have a thick- ness- of about '-'ihi feet, embracing three or more seams of coal of workable thickness. These coal beds under-lie the eastern portion of the county. There is no coal of any value west of the Jacksonville and Alton railroad, which runs through the county from north to south. On the western side of this coal region the measures, if any are found, are thin and of no great value, hut as we proceed easterly the measures increase in thickness, and the seams of coal become more numerous. The following section is compiled from various local exposures, examined by the stale geologist as well as myself, and given in his report, from which we draw largely in writing this chapter. The section may be taken as the ap- proximate thickness of the coal meas- ures of the county: Feet. Gray shale exposed west of Brigh- ton 10 Compact brownish limestone t> Brown calcareous shale 3 Green and blue argillaceous shale. .8 to to Coal No. 6 2i£to 3 Shaley clay l 1 * Calcareous shale 6 Clay shale 8 to 10 Limestone anil bituminous shale. . 3 Coal No, 5 3 to 4 Shaley fine clay l to 2 Modular argillaceous limestone 4 Gray shale 30 H tuminous shale 4 Sandstone and shale 40 to 5o Coal No. 1 2 to 3 Clay shale 2 Modular dark-blue limestone, in local outcrops 3 to 5 Shale and sandstone to to 20 62 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY The upper beds of this section, in- cluding the two upper coal seams, can be seen in one locality near the town of Brighton. The coal beds in the state of Illinois are numbered from one to twelve, commencing with the lower scam , which is known as No. 1. In the rocks, in immediate connection with each one of these coal seams, are cer- tain fossils that are peculiar to them, generally in the shale, limestone or sandstone that form the roof over the coal. By these fossils, with which any one can with a little study become fa- miliar, the position and proper horizon of each coal vein is ascertained. The two coal veins, near Brighton, on the eastern side n{ the county, are known by the associating fossils as Nos. 5 and 6, in the series of veins in the great coal fields in the state. These are the best workable beds in Illinois, being the greatest in thickness, and furnishing the most valuable coal. These two coal beds both crop out along the eastern portion of the country, and are separated by 20 to 30 feet of shales. They are both underlaid by a calcareous clay shale, passing into lime- stone. The lower bed is overlaid by a brown limestone, which sometimes forms the roof immediately over the coal, or is separated from it by a {hin bed of bituminous shale. The coal bed No. 5 furnishes most of the coal mined in the county, as it does in the state. It, no doubt, underlies the greater part of townships 7 and 8, in range 10, andmay be found still further west, but so near its outcropping edges its presence is un- certain. Coal beds Nos. 2, •'! and-tof the series, seem to be wanting in Jersey county; at least we have failed to find any evidence of their presence. There is, however, a third coal seam exposed on the I'iasa creek, east of Delhi. This coal seam has been opened at various localities along the banks of the creek, and is reached by a shaft on the farm of Silas Bates. The coal varies in thickness from two to three feet, and is overlaid by a few inches of bituminous shale, which passes upward into a brown clay shale. It is underlaid by four or five feet of fire- clay and about 10 feet of sandy shale and sandstone, which lies directly upon the St. Louis limestone. There is no coal seam below this one, and it is prob- ably the lowest of the series, and equiv- alent to No. 1. It is not so good a coal as Nos. 5 and 6. In sinking a well for the city of Jer- seyville, a few feet of micacious sand- stone was passed through, which, in all probability, belongs to the coal meas- ures. The rocks exposed in the streams north of Jerseyville belong below the coal measures. The irregular borders of the formation, without" doubt, run in an northeast direction from that city. There is plenty of coal in Jersey county for the use of the inhabitants. Its easy access, on account of its nearness to the surface, and consequently small outlay for sinking shafts, should make it very cheap to the consumer. CHESTER LIMESTONE. Passing below the coal measures, we come directly upon the lower, or sub- carboniferous rocks. In several places about the head branches of Otter creek are exposed thin outliers of the Chester group, which is not more than 15 feet thick. On a branch of Otter creek, near HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 63 Beatty's Mound, there is a stratum of white sandstone three or four feel thick; below this, several feet of thin-bedded sandstone is seen, which rests on the St. Louis limestone. This sandstone. which, however, is really a silicious limestone, contains many beautiful fos- sils, among which are Retzia vera and Athyris ambigua, familiar forms in the Chester group. At Cooper's quarries, three miles southwest of Jerseyville, the same beds are partly changed into a brown, ferruginous, shaly sandstone, in which are curious nodules of good iron ore. In this formation are found some beautiful pentremites, with a triangular base, and of an undetermined species. ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE. This formation seems generally to be the underlying work along the outcrop- ping edges of the coal measures. It has considerable development through the central portion of the county, and its maximum thickness probably readies from a hundred to one hundred and fifty feet. This rock, from its central position, is more generally used than any other rock in the county for building purposes. It has its greater develop- ment on the Piasa, and thins out in the northern part of the county, until it is not more than about thirty feet thick north of Jerseyville. There are many good quarries on the I'iasa. and the abutments of the railroad bridge across that stream are built of this rock, from quarries in its vicinity. It out-crops on the farm of James Lamb, and there are excellent quarries both south and west of Beaty's Mound on Otter creek, and at Cooper's quarry, three miles southwest of Jerseyville. It is the underlying rock beneath the city of Jerseyville, and is sometimes reached in digging deep wells in that locality. In the lower part of this formation in Jersey county there is a bluish, dove colored hydraulic limestone, which is as soft in some places as to have the appearance of a bed of blue clay. It out-crops on the I'iasa near its mouth, where there is a manufactory fin' making cement. It is simply burned in a kiln to deprive it of water, and then ground into Hour. It makes an excellent cement, ami when mixed by water with two-thirds of its bulk of clean sand, will soon harden into a body having the consistency anil hardness of rock. The bed worked at the hydraulic mills is eight feet in thickness. Over- lying the hydraulic limestone is a brown- ish magnesian limestone, in which are found < >rthis dubia, spirifer lateralis, and a beautiful little pentremite peculiar to this formation. This hydraulic lime- stone seems to be present wherever the St. Louis limestone is found in the county. Beds of it are exposed near Beaty's Mound, and it underlies the city of Jerseyville, where we have seen it brought up from the bottom of wells that were less than a hundred feet in depth. The western limits of the St. Louis group in Jersey county, would form an irregular line running from the Mississippi about midway between the mouth of the Piasa and the town of Elsah, north, one mile west of Beaty's Mound, thence to Macoupin creek. Five mill's above Grafton the St. Louis lime- stone is found, forming a part of the river bluff. It is not, however, in its original position, but seems to have been thrown down by the dislocation oi 64 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the strata caused by the upheaval of the Cap au Grey axis, which crosses the Illinois river a short distance above. These rocks at Dinsmore's lime kiln resemble the upper beds at Alton, and makeexcellent lime. This bed of rocks will, at some future day, be a great source of revenue to the people of the county. KEOKUK LIMESTONE. This group underlies the St. Louis limestone, and has a thickness in this county of about 150 feet. It is gener- ally thin bedded, seldom affording strata more than a foot in thickness. Almost the entire thickness of these rocks can be seen in the Mississippi bluffs above the mouth of Piasa creek. Fine exposures are also to be seen on Otter creek and its affluents, between Jerseyville and Graf- ton. The rocks on Otter creek at the iron bridge, for a half a mile above and a mile below, belong to this group; it is also exposed on the Macoupin, north- west of Jerseyville. The rocks of this group are not near as valuable as the St. Louis limestone, being shaly, thin bed- ded, easily broken, and liable to crumble on exposure. It was formerly used to some extent in walling cellars and wells, for which purpose, as well as for found- ation walls, it answers very well. One peculiarity of this group of rocks, is its beds of geodes, which occur in the shaly limestone strata, sometimes so thickly disposed as to press against one another. Many of them are hollow spher.es of quartz or chalcedony, with their interior cavity lined with beauti- ful crystal of quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, aragonite, pyrites, pearl spar, silicate of alumina, and many other minerals in a crystalline form. It is said that there is no formation in the state that presents such attractive and interesting specimens of crystallized minerals, as are to be found in the geode beds of the Keokuk limestone. On some of the branches of Otter creek after a severe rain storm, hun- dreds of these geodes can be seen lying loose in the bed of the stream. The Keokuk rocks are noted for their fossils, and the beds of this formation in this county are rich with the remains of an- cient life. Fossil shells, corals, encrin- ites and bryozoans of many beautiful and varied forms are abundant. Among the fossil shells, the most common are Spirifer Keokuk, S. cuspidatus, Pro- ductus puntatus and Platyceras equilet- era. Of the corals, the most abundant are Zaphrentes Dalii, Sphenopolerium, obtusum. Of the bryozoans, the curious screw shaped Archimedes Owenana is most common. A familiar acquaintance with the specific of the above named fossils, will enable anyone to identify the Keokuk rocks wherever they may be observed. Forty-eight species of fossil fish have been determined from this group, and are figured in the state reports. The temple at Nauvoo was built of this stone. BURLINGTON LIMESTONE. This group of rocks lies below the Keokuk limestone, from which it is separated in this county by cherty lay- ers of considerable thickness, and which form beds of passage from one limestone formation to another. On the farm of Mr. Wm, McAdams, on Otter creek, a good section of this chert bed, some 20 feet in thickness, can be seen with the overlying Keokuk beds, and beneath it the fossiliferous beds ot the Burlington Limestone. Itisan excel- lent locality for the student of geology to see a plain line of demarcation sepa- t rating two periods. The Burlington strata below the chert is a heavy bedded, light grey crinoidal limestone, largely composed of the re- mains of crinoidea, interspersed with shells and corals that must have grown in remarkable abundance in that ancient quiet sea. In the formation of the chert bed these conditions seem to have been changed the exuberance of life is wanting the few fossils in the chert bed plainly showing the terrible struggle during an age of convulsions, for existence. The shaly beds of the Keokuk group, above the chert, show plainly that dif- ferent conditions were ushered; the con- vulsions ceased, the storms gradually subsided, new forms of life, strange and beautiful, came slowly in the new seas, and the wonderful process of creation was continued. The cleavage of the Burlington lime- stone is generally through the joints of the crinoidea, which gives the fresh- ly-broken surface a crystalline appear- ance. The thickness of this group in the county is about 200 feet. The for- mation of these rocks seems to have been subject, at different times, to dis- turbing influences of the elements, al- ternating with periods of tranquility, and cherty bands are interspersed through the formation, causing much of the strata to be easily broken into sharp, angular fragments, and is useless for building purposes. There is, however, some good building rock in this forma- tion in the county. At Elsah, the river bluff is entirely composed of this limestone, and is, in .me place. 190 to 2(A) feet high. The for- mation is exposed at the head of the hollow through which the road lends out from Grafton to Jerseyville. It is also seen where the Jerseyville and Grafton road crosses the south branch of Otter creek. Fine exposures of rock in the ravines west of Otterville, on the poor farm and in the bluffs and ravines near Fieldon. Among the fossils, those generally seen are Euomphalus latus, Spirifer Grimesi, Ortnis Michelini, with Actino crinus turbanatus, and many beautiful and singular crinoids. The Burlington rocks forming the bluffs on the Mississippi river in this county, form perpendicular cliffs nearly 200 feet high. These being capped by 40 or 50 feet of loess, makes the entire elevation from 225 to 250 feet high. From the river they present a pic- turesque and beautiful appearance, the whole formation being weathered and worn into straight columns and but- tresses that, at a distance, have the ap- pearance of being the ruins of some old feudal castle, with towers and bastions and buttressed walls. KINDERHOOK LIMESTONE. This formation forms the basis of the lower carboniferous limestone series in this county, and rests directly on shales belonging to the Devonian epoch. Be- tween Elsah and Grafton, where this group is exposed in the bluff, it seems to be about 100 feet in thickness. It consists of thin-bedded, ash-colored, impure, earthy limestone, with an oc- casional heavy layer of dolomitic lime- stone. At Grafton, up the hollow in which the road runs to the north, the 66 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. formation is represented by 50 feel or more of gray, impure limestone, some- times magnesian, with marly partings between thenaeds. These beds contain nodules of crystallized carbonate of limestone, with a silicious crust, re- sembling geodes in appearance, but hav- ing no cavity within. At Grafton, in the Kinderhook, which overlies the up- per quarries, there is a heavy-bedded, bluish, compact limestone, called by Prof. Swallow, in Missouri, lithographic limestone, from its general resemblance tn the celebrated German stone used in lithography. The Missouri lithographic limestone, in all probability, occupies the same horizon as these compact heds of the Kinderhook in this county. This rock breaks with a smooth, conchoidal fracture, and from its compactness and fine texture would, no doubt, receive a high polish. Fossils are found in this group, but not in such abundance as in the Keokuk and Burlington. BLACK SLATE. The Devonian system is not very ex- tensively developed in Jersey county, the whole extent probably not exceeding 40 or 50 feet. It is divided into two groups, the first of which is known by tke name of black slate. This group comprises a series of dark-blue, green or chocolate-colored shales, which pass locally into a black bituminous shale, from which it derives its name, which was given to it by early investigators of western geology. In the deep hollow going north from Grafton, this forma- tion can be seen on the eastern slope, of a deep blue color, and somewhat re- sembles the hydraulic limestone of the St. Louis, hut is without its constitu- ents, being a shale. In this same hol- low the black slate changes its local color from blue to a greenish, brownish hued shale. In Graham's hollow, five miles northwest of Grafton, this forma-^ tion is a black shale, highly bituminous. On Otter creek, near the bluffs, in the lateral branches, we find exposures of this formation. These black shales have a resemblance in color to coal, and at a distance has very much the appearance of an outcropping seam of fine bituminous coal. This has lead many people to believe that coal existed in this locality, and much search has been made, and money and time expended uselessly. This forma- tion occupies the horizon of the great oil producing zone of Ohio and Penn- sylvania, but the bituminous beds of this county are not thick enough to promise any considerable yield of oil. The exposures of this formation extend in this county only from Grafton to the mouth of Otter creek, the lines of the outcropping group becoming shorter and narrower as we approach the center of the upheaval. HAMILTON LIMESTONE. This group also belongs to the Devo- nian, and together with the black slate comprises all the deposits of that sys- tem in the county. It may be proper to state here, that the scarcity of fossils from the black slate makes it question- able whether it belongs to the Lower carboniferous series, or to the Devo- nian. There seems to be a plain line between the black slate and the Hamil- ton group; indeed, the line of demar- cation is more plainly observable than between the black slate and the Kinder- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 67 hook. There is found a Lingula in the black slate that is identical with the Lingula found in the Devonian in other states, and its stratagraphical position would seem to place it in the Devonian. The Hamilton limestone, furnishes many fossils characteristic of the De- vonian system. A thin strata of the group exposed in Graham's hollow, a few miles north west of Grafton., is liter- ally made of the fossil inhabitants of that old Devonian sea. Some of these fossils are very perfect. Slahs of this fossiliferous strata make beautiful cabi- net specimens. In some of the deep ravines, near the mouth of Otter creek, many of these fossils are weathered out, and can he picked up among the debris. In this locality corals are seen in re- markable profusion; there being at one time, possibly, a rural reef in the shal- low Devonian ocean. The fossil most characteristic of the Devonian rocks of Jersey and Calhoun counties is a coral of the genus Heliophyllum, of these is one or more of the undescribed species. These Heliophyllums are called by some of the local collectors, "petrified cows horns," and in fact they greatly resemble a short, thick, curved cow's horn. The Hamilton in this locality is almost merged into a sandstone, is quite soft, and the fossils an; easily weath- ered out, making the vicinity a most excellent one for collecting cabinet spe- cimens. The Hamilton is exposed in a narrow belt in the ravines and creeks between Grafton and the mouth of I >tter creek. It is not more than 10 or 15 feet in thickness in the county. In Gra- ham's hollow, a few miles from Grafton, this formation is saturated with petro- leum. Upon taking a portion of the rock, freshly broken from the bed, it has the smell of coal oil, and the petro- leum can be seen filling the cavities in the rock. At two or three points in this locality borings have been made through black slate, Hamilton limestone, and sonic distance into the Niagara rocks below, in search of oil, but no paying quantities were discovered. These rocks are. however, in the same horizon as the petroleum districts of Pennsylva- nia and Ohio. The unmistakable pres- ence of petroleum in the upheaval and outcropping edges of this system, in its limited exposure in the county, is signi- ficant at least. All the rocks of the county have a strong inclination down- ward toward the northeast, on account of the upheaval mentioned at the begin- ning of this chapter. If these rocks were tapped by boring on the eastern side of the county, where the rocks lie conformable and in a horizontal posi- tion, who knows but that coal oil may be found in quantities? NIAGABA LIMESTONE. Underlying the Devonian system of rocks in Jersey county is the Niagara group of the Upper Silurian system. This group of rocks is important, from the great value of its material as a building stone. This formation is well exposed in the deep hollows and rav- ines, from the mouth of Otter creek to the town of Grafton, where it forms the principal part of the bluff on the Missis- sippi. A mile below Grafton it disappears beneath the bed of the river, and we believe is seen no more in Southern Il- linois. It has .a thickness in this county of about 120 or 125 feet, and is a 68 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. buff-colored dolomitic limestone, in regulaT beds, which vary in thickness from four inches to three feet. At Grafton the group is very evenly bed- ded, and dimension rock, almost any required size, can be easily obtained from the quarries, which are situated directly on the bank of the Mississippi river, with the very best shipping fa- cilities. The rock has a firm, even texture, cuts easily when freshly quar- ried, and can be readily worked into forms for ornamental purposes. It hardens on exposure, and is remarkably free from chert or deleterious material. Beautiful fossils are found in the quar- ries at Grafton, the most abundant of which is a trilobite, Calymene Bluman bachii, and a large multivalve shell, Orthoceras Annulatum. There are six or seven species of these curious crus- taceans, known as trilobites, some of them very large. There are also sev- eral species of orthoceras, with bivalve shells, cronoids and corals. These fos- sils, especially the trilobites, are found in great perfection, apparently in exact positions as when living; in some in- stances a mark is left behind them, ap- parently the track of their travels, the whole indicating a sudden death. The crevices and apertures, caused by the shrinkage in the strata in this forma- tion, often contain the most beautiful stalactites, or a beautiful encrustation of stalagmite on the floors and sides of tin' caverns. Fine crystals of calcyte are frequently met with. This forma- tion contains the most valuable build- ing stone to be found in the state, and are a source of wealth to the owners of the quarries. Some of the finest build- ings erected in St. Louis had their wall made from stone taken from the Grafton quarries, among them the Lindell and Southern hotels. CINCINNATI LIMESTONE. This group of the Lower Silurian system is represented in the county by 40 or 50 feet of agillaceous shales. It appears to be mainly a soft, bluish clay shale, that weathers on exposure about where it outcrops, to a pure clay, that apparently might be suitable for a pot- ter's clay. This clay has somewhat the appearance of some of the fire clays of the coal measures, but has not the same consistency. It is filled with innumer- able small, lancet shaped crystals of gypsum or phosphate of lime. Many of the crystals are double; some are half an inch in length, perfectly trans- parent, and exactly resemble the point of a physician's lance. Many of the crystals are found adhering together, forming curiously complicated groups. Great numbers of these crystals are seen wherever we have seen these clay shales weathering out in the county. No analysis of the crystals or the clay has ever been made to our knowledge. They may prove to be of commercial value. The outcrop extends from Ma- son's landing, or Upper Grafton, where the blue clay is exposed at the base of the old quarry back of the mill, to within a short distance of Coon creek. Although this formation furnishes char- acteristic fossils in adjoining counties, we have found but few in Jersey, enough however to know it occupies the same horizon. TRENTON LIMESTONE. This group of the Lower Silurian rocks m ■- ----- ■ • - • ■ • HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 69 has a limited outcrop in the county. It is well exposed on the farm of S. P. Pinsmore, and extends in a northeast direction less than a mile, and is mostly confined to section 9, T. 6, R. 13. 40 t<> 50 feet of this formation is to be seen in this locality. The rock is thin-bed- ded, compact, and of a light-gray or white color, splitting easily, with un- even cleavage. It has been quarried and burned for lime, of which it makes a good quality, but not equal to that made from the St. Louis limestone. It is filled with the peculiar and charac- teristic fossils of the Lower Silurian ape. Among those most familiar arc Orthia testudinaria, Spirifer lynx, Strophome- na alternata, S. deltoidea, two or three species of Pleurotomaria,< (rthoceratites, and a large specie of Keceptaculites, or " sunflower coral," with remains of tri- lobites and crinoidea. The Trenton is the oldest formation of which Jersey county can boast. GHAPTER IV. EARLY SETTLEMENT. To the reader of local history, this chapter is of general interest, but to the pioneer himself it is more. Here he has himself, and friends and neighbors, as in days past they first sought out the western wilds and fought for existence in the wilderness. See him, as he takes the book in hand, slowly, critically pore- ing over every word, recalling in his mind the pictures of a vanished past at the mention of some well-known name, or smiling as recollection brings back some ludicrous adventure in the early days of his settlement. His old associ- ations, the trials and tribulations inci- dent to a new country, the battles against hunger and cold while settlers were scattered thinly over a large ex- panse of country. All these rise up be- fore him as he reads. Even now, in memory, he hears the wind moan round the humble cottage that first sheltered him, and hears the wolves howl as they did in days of yore. The picture of the past rises up vividly before him, and* he once more rejoices in the pride of youth. Now the thought comes over him that by and through his efforts he has helped to make this wilderness blossom as the rose, and emerge from a state of na- ture into a well developed and thrifty land, and views with satisfaction the growing towns and villages and fertile farms that dot the landscape over. But, perhaps, the brow will cloud ami the eye dim as memory's mystic voice recalls 70 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the dark and painful side of those early experiences. The loved wife of his bo- som fading slowly away before the breath of the cold destroyer, or some laughing, prattling babe, the joy of the household, laid away under the sod in solemn silence, by the hands of rough- appearing but sympathizing neighbors. Time has healed those wounds, but to- day, as memory is fast unlocking the chambers of the mind, the silent tear will well itself to the surface and drop as a tribute to the loved and lost of that by -gone time. Notwithstanding the cares and adver- sities that clustered round the cabin door of the pioneer, these hardy Argo- nauts led a happy life. Here all were free and equal, and the absence of the restraining presence of wealth and po- sition was to him a source of comfort and satisfaction. The rough hospitality, the hearty feeling of brotherhood, among these vanguards of civilization were the spontaneous overflow of hearts full of regard for humanity, and was practiced more as the natural prompt- ing of their nature than from any teach- ing of a Christian duty. They were men in the highest acceptance of the word. FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. Early in the spring of 1673, accord- ing to the most authentic accounts, Father Marquette and Joliet, a fur- trader of Quebec, with five hearty voy- ageurs, began to make preparations for a grand expedition to discover the mighty river in the west, of which they had heard from the Indians, and which is now known by the name of Missis- sippi. On the 10th of June, of that year, they started on their momentous trip. Crossing the water-shed dividing the Fox from the Wisconsin river, they journeyed to the latter stream. On the 17th of June, their two canoes entered the broadmajestic currentof the Mississippi river. They landed and remained for six days at the mouth of the DesMoines river, near the present site of Keokuk, enjoying the hospitality of the Illinois Indians. They then re-embarked, and sailing on down the mighty stream, came to the confluence of the Illinois with the Mississippi. Here, upon the 2nd of July, they disembarked upon what is now the soil of Jersey county, ascended the bluffs for the purpose of viewing their surroundings. They did not linger long but soon entered their canoes and passed on down the river as far as the present site of Memphis, Tennessee. On account of the exposure to the malarial air, and the toil of striving against the strong current, some sickness prevailed, but none were seriously affected, except Father Mar- quette. They were informed, when hearing the mouth of that stream, by friendly savages, that the Illinois river was a shorter cut to the lakes. They therefore turned the prows of their canoes up that stream. Its languid current was easier to overcome, and in the journal of the voyage, kept by Father Marquette, himself, is given their highly drawn pictures of an earthly paradise, which, although at the time were treated by all that read them as wild fancies, but were found to be simply the statements of facts. The next visitors to this county, were doubtless some of the command under LaSalle, in 1679. He started Father Hennepin down the Illinois river to its HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY junction with the Mississippi, and which was then to proceed up that stream towards its headwaters. Thus Hennepin was the first of this band to gaze upon this beautiful land. In 1680, while in search ofTonti, his lieutenant. who had been left at Fori Creve-cceur, and who had Keen deserted by most of his men, and compelled to leave the de- fense, came down the Illinois river, until he saw the mighty "Father of waters." He landed on the prominent point on the bank of the river, above Grafton, and set up a sign, so that it would attract the attention of Tonti, if he should come that way, and fastened to it a letter directing him to come on to the lakes. He then proceeded back up the Illinois. Two years had hardly elapsed when this portion of Illinois was again visited by these adventurous Frenchmen. La Salle with 23 white men and IS Indians, again descended the beautiful Illinois, and reached its mouth on the 6th of February, 1682. It was their intention to descend the Mississippi to its mouth. but on reaching this point, he found that the great river was tilled with float- ing ice, and it was determined to camp and await the clearing of the stream. It has been conjectured that this camp was in the immediate vicinity of Grafton, but no clue exists in La Salle's account, further than a very vague description of the place, and the circumstance, that he could not cross the river through the ice so he most likely camped upon the soil of Jersey county. Here he remained a week. This expedition was the first to explore the giant river to its mouth. Many of the early settlers of Kaskaskia andCahokia came by this same route, the Illinois. Rut no settlement was made within the limits of what is now Jersey county, by these early French settlers, as far as known, hut, probably the timbered bluffs of the south and west of Jersey may have held many hunting parties in these almost, pre-historic days. During the war of 1812-15, the In- dians, incited by British influence, were very hostile to the settlers, and depre- dations w-ere of almost daily occurrence. Great numbers of block-houses or log- forts, were built for the security of set- tlers' families, at intervals from Kas- kaskia to the Illinois river. One of these log forts stood near the tile site of the present town of Grafton, at the mouth of the Illinois, opposite the town of Portage des Sioux. Here were sta- tioned Mime rangers under ('apt. John Whiteside The troops marching to and fro, between, the settlements down the river, and the Indian villages above, crossed the territory of what is now Jersey county, several times. Rut with the close of the war emi- gration set in toward the rich lands of Illinois in a strong and steady flow. Congress passing in 1813, the pre-emp- tion act, contributed to tlii> to a large extent, a- prior to this the incomers were compelled, in most cases, to •• squat " on the public lands, without righl or title to the improvements that they might make, and were in danger of losing them every day. In 1815, the set- tlements began to push themselves out northward from Madison county, and in five years had dotted most of the country now known as Central Illinois. It seems that the Indian title to this land had never been extinguished, so, we are told, in about the year 1817, Auguste Chouteau and Benjamin Stephenson, on the part of the United States, bought at Edwardsville, of the Kickapoo Indians, 10,000,000 acres of land, lying between the Illinois river on the northwest, the Kaskaskia on the southeast, the Kan- kakee on the northeast, and the Missis- sippi on the southwest. On the 20th of August, Benjamin Parke, also, bought for the United States, all the lands on the Wabash, owned by the same tribe. In consequences of these purchases, the richest lands in the State were thrown open to settlement. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF JERSEY COUNTY. In the fall of the year 1815, six men, Daniel Allen and his three sons, John, .1 ainrs and Daniel and two brothers, Paul and James Harriford, left their native state — Tennessee, to search out a new home. They came as far as the Wood river settlement, without finding any place that suited them, and on ar- riving at that place, after some delib- eration, started on furthernorth. They settled within the limits of what is now Jersey township, south of the Macou- pin creek, nearly opposite to the mouth of Taylor's creek or branch, on Section 13. Their nearest neighbors were 20 miles south of them and north of them much further off. During the year 1816 these pioneers raised a crop of corn, and enjoyed themselves. During the fall of thai year Daniel Allen, Sr., and his two sons, James and Daniel, Jr., moved westward about six miles into what is now Greene county. The Har- rifords removed to Missouri. Philip Grimes came to this county in the spring of 1818, and erected a cabin on Section 2, of what is now known as English township. He brought his family here from Upper Alton and in- stalled them therein. At this place, on the 20th of January, 1820, was born Jarrett T., his son, who is supposed to be the first white child born within the limits of the county, now living. Philip Grimes resided in the cabin until 1822, when he purchased the improvements of Thos. Lynn, on section 23, of the same township, and moved there. Mr. Grimes was born August 2(5, 1782, in Virginia, and was united in marriage to Polly Boyett, June 4, 1808, in Davidson county, Tennessee. Mrs. Grimes was a native of that county and state, born March 10, 1790. She died September 29, 1853, and Mr. Grimes, October 4, 1851. Philemon Higgins is believed to have settled on the banks of the stream called after him, Phill's creek, in 1817, as he was found there by those who passed that way early in the following year. He made this his residence for many years, and finally died in this county. Jacob Lurton, Sr., came to Jersey county, in the spring of 1817, and built a cabin near the east line of sec- tion 1, in what is now Elsah township. He remained here but a short time, when finding the water not very good in that locality, moved a short distance east of it to the neighborhood of a spring, but which still left him in Jer- sey county. He lived in this latter cabin until his death in 1827. His son Judge Jacob Lurton and grand children are still residents of the county. David Stockton and James White- sides came to Jersey county on the 10th of June, 1817. Tradition has it that a party, among whom were the above mentioned, Edward Carroll, and others came through this section of the state looking for a home, the most of them going as far north as Sangamon county, but these two gentlemen liking the looks of the country hereabouts, stop- ped and made settlements. James Whitesides settled upon section 25, in what is now English township, where he lived for several years. He made another improvement besides this, and in 1S21, sold out and removed to Greene county. William Bates made a settlement in Elsah township among the very first to locate in that sub-division of the county. He erected his cabin on section 25, in 1817, and resided there some years and finally removed to a farm near Upper Alton, where he died at a later date. With William Bates came his son, James, a married man with a family. John W. Huitt came to what is now Jersey county, and located on the north- east quarter of section 31, in Ruyle township in 1818. This land was en- tered at the land office on the 23d of Oetober, 1820, in the name of H. and John, Jr. The elder Huitt remained here about two years, removing, in 1820, to the neighborhood of Carrollton on a farm, and later to the city of Carrollton, where he died in 1882. He was one of the pioneers of the state having located in Madison county in 1804. The pioneer settler of Piasa township was John Wilkins, who came to this county in 1818, and located upon the southwest quarter of section 31. He improved a farm there, but in 1824, re- moved to section 18, near the present site of Delhi. He lived there some twenty years, keeping a stage station most of the time. He then went to Jerseyville to live with his daughter, Mrs. Harriet Silloway. Shortly after- wards he went to Paw Paw Grove, Illi- nois, to live with his daughter, Sarah Baker. While there he died. He was a brother-in-law of V. R. and S. A. Lurton. William Larue made a settlement in what is now Rosedale township early in 1818, where he lived, on section 8, until 1837, when he sold out and removed to Greene county. Jesse White came to Jersey county, in 1818, locating in what is now Missis- sippi township. He was born in Madi- son county, Illinois, January 5, 1807. He is now dead. Edward Carroll was one of the early settlers of what is now Elsah township; he having located with his family on the center of section 23, on July 17, 1818. His settlement should probably date a little farther back, as he selected his lo- cation in 1817, and returned to it in the early spring of 1818, having everything in readiness for his family when they ar- rived, in charge of his brother-in-law. With Mr. Carroll came his brother-in- law, James Moffit, who made a settle- ment on land adjoining Carroll's. He resided here a few years, but moved back to Ohio, where he died. John Carroll, also, settled in the same locality in 1819, and resided there until 1837, when he died. He was the father of Thomas Carroll, at one time county commissioner, and prominently identified with this county. The latter gentleman died July 24, 1870. David Gilbert and John Stafford were HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY also settlers of the year 1819, taking up farms west of Grafton, on the Illinois river bottom. About the same time, Henry Babcock settled in the southeastern corner of Quarry township, where he died. George Finney, who had been a sol- dier in the regular army, on receiving his discharge, in 1819, came to this county, and located upon the Illinois bottom land, within the present limits of Quarry township. Sanford Hughes, a companion and friend of the above, came here with him and located in the same neighborhood, the same year. Timothy Copeland, another dis- charged soldier, settled in Quarry town- ship in 1819, on the southern part. John G. Lofton and John D. Gilliam came to Jersey county in 1819, and made a settlement in Mississippi town- ship, the former on section 31. This neighborhood received its name of Lof- ton's Prairie from the former of these gentlemen. Judge Lofton resided lure nearly always after this, with the ex- ception of a short time spent in Fulton county, until the day of his death in 1837. John D. Gilliam was a South Carolin- ian, but came here from Kentucky, and later from Madison county, 111., where he had settled as early as 1800. He settled, on coming here, on section 28, where he resided until the coining of death, in October, 1852. John Grain settled in this county in 1819. He was a North Carolinian who had settled in Tennessee in 1800, where he was married to Heriba Rumney. In 1811 they came to Illinois, settling in St. Clair county, where they resided until coming here. They located in English township. He afterwards moved to Texas, where he died. Walter Cresswell located in the pres- ent township of Rosedale, in 1819, and is said to have b^en the first justice of the peace ever appointed within the limits of what now constitutes Jersey county. He received this appointment in the year 1820. Daniel McFain settled in what is now Richwoods township, on section 20, in 1819. He built a cabin at the foot of the bluff in the same year, and gave his name to McFain's lake. He was one of the early justices of the peace of this county. He died while a resident of the county, in 1830. He was a Penn- sylvanian by birth. John Gunterman, a native of Ken- tucky, came into what is now Jersey county in the spring of 1819, and set- tled upon a farm on section 5, in the present Richwoods township. On the 10th of January, 1821, he entered a quarter section of land here, on which he lived until 1832, when be died. Josiah Cummings and his sons, James and Jacob, made a settlement in Missis- sippi township in 1819, the former lo- cating upon land on section 11, where he lived until his death. James subse- quently moved to Oregon. Jacob died in this county. Thomas Cummings, another son of Josiah Cummings, came to Jersey county in 1819, and assisted his father in agricultural pursuits until 1824, when he was married, and purchased a farm adjoining his father, where he resided until his death in 185(5. Col. Josiah T. Askew came to Jersey county in 1819, with George Finney, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 75 Sanford Hughes and the others. He was a native of Tennessee, and had served some live years in the regular army. On his discharge he came here, as above, and settled on Lofton's prai- rie. He married Hannah Bates in 1821, this being the first event of that nature in that precinct. James Thompson, settled in the pres- ent township i>t Elsah, about the year 1819. He afterward removed to the state of Texas, and has been lost sight of. Joseph Basey, came to the county as early as 1819, and settled neighbor to James Thompson. He is reported to have been the first justice of the peace in this township or precinct, having been elected to that office in 1822. Jehu Brown, commonly called "Judge," came to Jersey county about the year 1820, He was a native of South Carolina, but came here from St. Louis county, Mo. He. on the 5th day of January, 1821, entered 880 acres of land, in sections 1 and 2, in English township. He died while a resident of this county in 1835. John Brown came to Jersey county in 1820, and settled on section 25, of what is now English township. He lived here until bis death which occurred about the year 1873. Abirani McKinney settled on the Illi- nois river bottom land in Richwoods township, in 1820, but in October, 1821, having entered land on section 23, he removed thither, where he lived until 1822, when he removed to section 24. where be did die in the year L840. James McKinney, Ins son, came with him. The latter died here but his wi- dow is still living in Kansas. John Stall, settled on section 3, Rich- wood township in 1820, where he built a cabin, which he vacated the following year, going over on the Macoupin creek, cutting logs, and drifting them down to St. Louis. Major (iersbom Patterson was one of the settlers, coming late in 1820, and entering land in what is now English township, in January, 1821. Before coming here he had lived in St. Clair county for some time. He was known as an enterprising man, and built the first brick bouse, the first mill and the first distillery within the present limits of Jersey county. He. was captain of a company in the Black Hawk war, and was afterwards made a major of the state militia. He was a zealous mem- ber of the Methodist church, and became an exhorter in that faith. He died in 1857, a resident of this county. Major Patterson had a large peach orchard on bis place, and he put up a copper still, about 1828 or 1829, and en- tered into the manufacture of peach brandy. The quality of the product is described as having been very good, and as the liquor was very cheap, there be- ing then no revenue tax, the capacity of the still was often taxed by appli- cants for the brandy, who would come with their jugs to be filled. Such goods are said to have been then much purer than they can be obtained at the present time, and were much used by the bard- working pioneers while at their labors. Still, it is said, there was little or no drunkenness among the early settlers. Major Patterson made a financial suc- cess of bis pioneer distillery, and after about ten years, quit the business, hav- ing accumulated considerable money and property. He sold the still to some 76 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. one at a distance. Some thirty years ago the buildings were torn down. John Gill worth made a settlement in this county in 1820, in what is now Rosedale township, where the Otter creek passes through the bluff. In 1830 he removed to the township of Ruyle, entering a tract of land in section 29. He has since died. John R. Black made a settlement in what is now Mississippi township, in 1820. A sketch of him will be found in the chapter entitled: "National, State, and County Representation," he having been the first treasurer of the county. Samuel J. Kincade, came to Jersey county in 1820 or 21, and settled in what is now Mississippi township. The circuit court of Greene county, (of which this was then a portion,) in 1821, appointed him one of the judges of election for the company district, as it was called, to preside over the election of militia offi- cers. John Waddle, was another settler of the same year, as is evident by the re- cord, he being one of the judges of the same election. With him came David Waddle and William Waddle. They probably settled within the limits of Mississippi township. These old pio- neers are now numbered with the dead, but have descendants living in Jersey county. William Davidson made a settlement in what is now Otter creek township, about the year 1820 or 21, coming from the American Bottom. After a short residence here he returned to that local- ity, where he eventually died. William Adair located in English township in 1821, and opened up a farm. He married a Miss Grain. He sold his place to Robert La Force and removed from the county. This farm is now known as the Wright place, Nathaniel Rowdon made a settlement in the present Richwoods township in 1820, where he lived for many years. He married a daughter of Abiram Mc- Kinney, who afterwards died. He is said to have lived, at one time, in a big hollow sycamore tree. He left here, going to Texas, where he is believed to have died. William Rowdon, also, settled in Richwoods township the same year. William Dixon and Ira Kelley made settlements in this county early in 1821. They have long since passed away from the memory of the oldest inhabitant, but they filled positions as judges of election in 1822, as appears from the records. James Barnes, who settled in Elsah township, was an incorrigible bachelor, and remembered by old settlers as wear- ing a heavy beard and whiskers. John Smith settled on section 8, in Richwood township, in 1820 or earlier. In 1823 he removed to Greene county. Samuel Gates settled on section 9, Richwoods township, about 1820, and removed to Greene county in 1827, where he died in 1842. He was the first justice of the peace in the pre- cinct, being appointed to that office in 1828. John and William Buck came about 1820, and located in the vicinity of John Smith's settlement, in the north- western portion of Richwood township. They removed to Greene county in 1823, and died there. Among the settlers of 1820, were William Cresswell, Elisha Fowler, and HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. John Cox, who made homes for them- selves within the limits of what is now Rosedale township. Elisha Fowler re- moved to Calhoun county, and died while a resident there in 1858, at an ad- vanced age. Thomas Cresswell and Samuel Cress- well, settled in Richwood township in the spring of 1820, where they resided for many years. Thomas located upon the southeast quarter of section 9, and Samuel on section 4. Moses Seeds was the next settler in the fall of 182!). He located in Rich- woods township, on section 17, where he lived until 1825, when he sold out and removed to the American Bottom, in Madison county. John Thornton came to Jersey county in 1820, and in January, 1821, entered 280 acres of land on section 23, of Eng- lish township, where he resided until 1824, when he disposed of this farm to Mathew Darr, and removed to Rich- woods township, where he subsequently died. Among the pioneers of 1821 or 22, was Joseph White, who settled in what is now Otter creek township. He died, a resident of the county, previous to 1830. Silas Crain, Sr., settled in Jersey county in 1821, on some land one section 15, in what is now English township. He afterwards removed to Rosedale township. He died at the residence of James McKinney, of consumption. John Medford made a settlement on section 8, Richwoods township in the spring of 1821. He was an English- man but came here from Cape Girar- deau, Mo.. He built his cabin, and started back after his family and brought them here and settled down to the hard work of a western pioneer, and remained here until his death, which occurred in 1825. Thomas White and Samuel Lofton made a settlement in Mississippi town- ship in 1821. They resided here for two or three years, when they removed to Otter Creek towaship, where they lived for many years. Jesse Watson came to Jersey county in 1822, and located on a farm in Rich- woods township, where he hewed out a clearing and put up a cabin. Here he lived until his death which occurred in 1838. John Neal made a settlement in Richwoods township in 1822, on a 40 acre tract on section 14. in the timber, one of the first to enter land on the bluff. He afterwards removed to an- other state. Francis Colean, was another of the pioneers of the year 1*22. In April, of that year he entered the west half of the southwest quarter of section 13, in what is now English tow«ship, where he lived until the day of his death, in 1846. A man by the name of Richardson, the father-in-law of Ashur Chase, made a settlement in Mississippi township in 1822, or 1823. He removed, sometime afterwards, to Scott county, where he was drowned. John Ballard came to what is now Jersey county, in 1821, and located on section 30, of what is now Jersey town- ship, but in the year 1823 he sold out to John Falkner, who died there in 1824. Ballard then removed to the present site of Jerseyville, and erected a cabin. James Falkner, in 1826, purchased the improvements of Ballard, and the latter HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. removed to a place on what is now known as Dorsey's branch, then known as Ballard's branch, but shortly after- wards left the county. Mathew Cowan, who had settled in Madison county, in 1812, came to Jer- sey county in 1822, and made a settlement within the limits of Ruyle township where he lived for many years. He was a native of Virginia and died a resident of Jersey county. He was known by the nickname of "Doc- tor," and for many years had spells of insanity, but was capable of doing busi- ness between them. John Falkner came to this county in 1823, and purchased the place on sec- tion 30, occupied by John Ballard, and commenced to open up a farm. He was a native of Pennsylvania and an excel- lent farmer. He was frozen to death in the winter of 1824-25. John C. Whitlock was one of the pioneers of 1823, coming to Jersey county, and locating in what has since been known as Ruyle township. He was a native of the "Old Dominion" — Virginia, but came here from Kentucky. He died sometime in 1879. William Gillham, the father of John D., following his son, came into the county in 1823, and made a settlement in Mississippi township, on section 29, where he died two years afterward. Mrs. Jane Gillham, a widow with her family, came from South Carolina, in 1823. and made a settlement on section 28, in what is now Mississippi town- ship. She died here about the year 1828. Thomas McDow, a native of South Carolina, came here from Missouri, and settled on section 32, Mississippi town- ship, in 1823. He had, previous to going to Missouri, lived on the Ameri- can Bottom, being one of the pioneers of the state, where he was married in 1819, to Mary L. Lofton. He died a resident of this county in 1874. Jacob Cummings settled on section 15, in the year 1823. He was from Madison county, and made an entry of his lands, shortly after coming here. He lived and died a resident of this county from that time on. The last event took place in 1825. John Findley located on section 22, in Mississippi township, in the fall of 1823, but after a year's stay sold out and moved from the county. A settlement was made by William G. Waddle, in 1823, on Section 33, Missis- sippi township. He was a native of South Carolina, but raised in Madison county, this state. He lived and died a resident of the county. AshurChaseis numbered among the early settlers of Mississippi township, locating there, on the Stone place, in 1823. He afterwards moved to Knox county, and a few years ago was alive. With him came his father, Abel, who is numbered among the oldest settlers. The latter died a resident of this county. John N. English, still a resident of the county, made his settlement in Jer- sey county iii 1*24. A sketch of him occurs further on. Mathew Darr came to Jersey county in 1S24. He had been running a horse mill on the American Bottom, but lik- ing the looks of this county, came here and purchased the farm of John Thorn- ton, in English township. He resided here until is.").'*,, when he was removed by the hand of death. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. John McDow, father of Thomas, came in 1824, and settled on section 2:',. on land now owned by Joseph Knight. He came from Smith Carolina, and was a powder maker by trade, having owned a mill in that state. He lived on the old homestead in this township, until his death, in 1835. Thomas Cuimnings, a brother of Ja- ei ill's, made a settlement just east of the latter in the fall of 1824. He died a resident of this place. His descend- ants are among the citizens of the county. Orman Beeman, in the fall of 1824, made another settler of the county, locating on section 30, in Mississippi township. He was a native of South Carolina. He died here at an advanced aire, about eight years ago. With Orman Beeman came a man by the name of M. Griffith, who made a settlement. Joab White, a blacksmith by trade., made his appearance in Mississippi township in the spring of 1824, and settled upon the northeast quarter of section 30, and opened a forge, which was the first in the county. He died a resilient of this county. He was a na- tive of North Carolina. James Hinson made a settlement in what is now Mississippi township in 1824. He died on the homestead which he took up then, and all of his children have followed him to the land of shad- ows. Alexander P. Scott and David Gilbert made settlements and cleared land in the woods of Rosedale township, about the year 1*24 or 1825. Here they lived for many years. Robert Latham, a North Carolinian, came to Jersey county in 1S25, and set- tled in Jersey township, where he lived for many years. He died at his resi- lience here in 1885. He was a bachelor, and disposed of his property to schools, churches, ami relatives. John Ryan was a settler of 1825, in Mississippi township. He located at first, about five miles southeast of Jer- sey ville, on the Caleb Stone place, but afterwards removed to the neighbor- hood of Carrollton. In 1840, he re- turned to this county, and settled on section 27, Ruyle township. Here he died, January 27, 1865. John R. Caldwell came to Jersey county about the fall of 1828, and set- tled within the limits of what is now Mississippi township. Gregg McDaniel settled on Otter creek, on section 7. in the fall of 1828, and died there in 1859. A. Carson made a settlement in Mis- sissippi township, about lS2(i. James Falkner settled on the present site of the town of Jerseyville, in 1826, and lived here until about 1880 or 1831, when he removed to Quincy. Francis Swan, a native of North Car- olina, made a settlement in Mississippi township in 1826, where he lived until his death, in 1850. James Dabbs, a native of South Caro- lina, moved thence to Barren county, K\\, several years after his marriage, which occurred in 1802. There he re- sided until 1819, when he came to Illi- nois, and settled on Wood river, north of Upper Alton. In 1826, he came to Jersey county, and located on what is now the McAdan.s farm, but in 1829 or 1830, he removed on section 9, of Otter creek township, where he resided until 80 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. his death, which occurred December 19, 1841. With him came his brother, Samuel Dabbs. Charles Dodson settled on section 31, Mississippi township during the year 1828, where he resided severel years. He was a son-in-law of Judge Lofton. He afterwards went to Greene county, where he died. John Stafford settled in Rosedale township in 1828. He was well known to the earl}' settlers, and died on the old homestead, in 18(55. In 1828, William Starr, Coe Edsall, R. C. Baugh and James Perry made set- tlements in Rosedale township. James Perry removed from the county years ago, and Baugh, Starr and Edsall died here, after lengthy residences. Jesse C. Ennis first settled just west of Jerseyville in 1828, and afterward moved to Rosedale township, settling on section 16, near a spring of water. He and his wife died about 1833, and were buried in Rosedale cemetery, being the first interment therein. They were natives of Tennessee. Mr. Ennis, while a strictly honest, conscientious man, was rather noted in this locality for his aptitude for pretty tough yarns. One of these was, in describing the timber of this country, he said that he had cut down a sumach tree, from which he split out some fourteen joists for a house. At another time he related a long story about taking the fiddle and sitting down near some rocks com- menced to play, whereupon thousands of snakes came out of their dens, as they will, and that laying about with a club he killed some three thousand of them. Many other stories he did tell all dealing in the same exaggerations. Gregg McDaniels and family settled in Otter Creek township, in the spring of 1828, locating on section 7, where Charles McDaniels now lives. In 1828, Jasper M. Terry, afterwards associate justice of this county, lo- dated on section 24, in Otter Creek township. He died in 1876. He is noticed at length in connection with his official position further on. Amos Lynn and Enoch Spaulding, in 1828, settled in what is now Rosedale township, where they lived many years. Richard and Samuel Rhoads came to what is now Jersey county in 1828, and made settlements. Both these gentle- men were natives of Kentucky, and located in what is now Ruyle township. John Hart made a settlement in Eng- lish township, in 1828, and in 1829, opened a small stock of goods in his cabin. He remained here a few years, when he left for other scenes. • W. D. F. Slaten made a settlement in the present township of Quarry, in March, 1829. Ezekiel Chance, a North Carolinian, came to Jersey county from Madison county in 1829, and settled in Otter Creek township, but two years later set- tled in Richwoods township, where he died about 1879. With Mr. Chance, came Maurice Armstrong, who was in partnership with Mr. Chance, but in 1831 they dis- solved this and moving to Richwoods, settled down as neighbors. Mr. Arm- strong was a very prominent figure in the county in those early days. He re- moved from here to Montgomery county, but later to Girard, Macoupin county, where he died. His son is a prominent merchant in that city at the pTesent. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. si Elias and William Palmer made a settlement in what is now Ruyle town- ship, in 1829. They were fir m Ver- mont, of which state they were natives. William located on section 13. He died on this farm afterwards. In 1829 Tarlton F. Brock settled on section 25, in Otter Creek township. His biography is given elsewhere. Elijah Brown made a settlement in Otter Creek, also, in 1829. He after- wards removed to Greene county, where he died. • During the years 1830-31, -John D. Combs, David and George Settlemier, James Cummings, Benjamin J. Harri- son, William Harrison and Joseph An- drews also made settlements in Piasa township, in Jersey county, and are numbered among the gallant pioneers of this section of the state. John D. Combs has long been numbered with the dead. His widow married Levi M.Xeil. George and David Settlemier emigrated to Oregon. James Cummings moved to Montgomery county, locating in Litchfield. A. L. Carpenter and wife settled on the site of the town of Jerseyville, pur- chasing the "Old Red House," a stage- ing station, or inn, on the present site of the Cheney mansion, as is more fully detailed in the account of the his- tory of that town. James B. Pinckard, Levi McNeil, Jo- seph Richardson and Samuel Clarke made settlement in what is now Piasa township in 1830, among the first in that section of the county. William Phillips settled upon section 25, Fidelity township, in 1830, where he resided some years. He has since died. Rev. George Slaten made a settlement in this county in the spring of 1829. He was a. minister of the M. E. church. He located in Mississippi township, where he resided until the day of his death, in 1844. Dr. Silas Hamilton was a settler of this county during the year 1830, com- ing to what is now Otter Creek town- ship in the spring of that year. He was a practicing physician. He died in 1834. James Derick and Solomon Dixon both made settlements near Otterville, during the year 1830. The latter died in 1830; Derrick moved to Missouri. He was a member of Captain Carlin's company of militia, in the Black Hawk war. / James Richey came to Jersey county in 1836, and made a settlement in Ruyle township. He was a Kentuckian by birth. William Hamilton, a brother of Dr. Silas Hamilton, with his three sons, came to Jersey county in the fall of 1830, and located on section 13, Otter Creek township. He died in 1846, in Calhoun county. William Moore made a permanent settlement on section 20, in Jersey town- ship in 1831, but came to the county two years earlier, living in Mississippi town- ship until then. He was frozen to death during the winter of 1835-6. After this the settlement grew more rapidly, and many sought this paradise on earth. The details of the settlement of these and many other pioneers will be given at length in connection with the histories of the several townships, where biographical sketches of many of them are given. SI- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. HISTORIC ITEMS. The oldest living white child born in Jersey county was J. T. Grimes, com- monly known as "Tram" Grimes. He was born Jan. 20, 1820, and is a son of Philip Grimes. J. T. now lives about one mile northwest of Jerseyville. The first child born in the county is believed to have been a daughter of James and Julia Moffit, born in 1819. It lived only a short time, when it died. The third white child born in Jersey county was Thomas Edward Carroll, son of Edward and Mary C. Wright Carroll. He was born on the 2d day of Feb., 1820, about three weeks after the birth of the second white child. He now lives near the east line of Macoupin county, not far from Litchfield, 111. The first death in the county was that of Thomas Carroll, which occurred in July or Aug., 1819. The family of his brother Edward had come to the county, the year before, and settled in what is now Elsah township. Thomas had been keeping store in St. Louis before coming here, to live with his brother Edward. Not two months had elapsed after his arrival in the county, until he had con- tracted an illness which speedily re- sulted in his death. His body was placed in a skiff, and taken down to St. Louis for burial. He was the youngest brother of Edward Carroll. The pioneer store of Jersey county was established in the latter part of 1829, at the foot of the bluff on which the town of Eminence was laid out, by Henry Mills, who had been running a store across the river at Portage des Sioux, in St. Charles county, Mo. The second store was that of John Hart, in English township, in 1829. The third store in the county is be- lieved to have been opened in 1830, by Woodbury Massey, at Mason's landing, but in 1831 moved to the forks of Otter Creek. He remained here but a short time when he removed to Galena, where he was wantonly murdered by two men by the name of Smith, in Sep- tember, 1835. The cause of dispute was a lead mine that Massey was oper- ating at the time. Henry L. Massey, a brother of Woodbury's, shot the elder Smith down upon the street, and Louisa Massey, a sister of the murdered man, arming herself, called Smith out of a store or saloon, discharged the pistol into his breast, and he likewise was called to his long account. Public opin- ion being in favor of Miss Massey, no action of any moment was taken by the authorities. The first postoffice in what is now Jersey county was established at Emi- nence, in Elsah township. Isaac N. Piggott was the first postmaster. Tarlton F. Brock was the second postmaster in the county, having charge of Otter Creek postoffice. Both Otter Creek and Eminence post- offices were discontinued, and one was established at Newbern, with Jacob Lurton as postmaster. In the year 1821, John L. Evans built a grist and saw mill on the Macoupin creek, on Sec. 33 or 34, T. 9, R. 13, This was a sash saw, and grist mill and had two run of five foot buhrs. One run of these buhrs is in C. C. Buzby's mills in Fieldon, at the present time. This on the authority of Moses Ward, of the latter village. William Kelley was the first person married in the county by a Catholic HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 83 priest, the event occurring in 1839, Rev. Father Hamilton officiating. First blacksmith shop in county by Josiah White on section 30, Mississippi township. Established about the year 1824. Gregg McDaniel erected a grist mill run by water power, in the county, and also the first saw mill. The saw mill was built in 1828, and was located on section 7, Otter Creek township, on the south bank of Otter creek. The grist mill was erected in the spring of 1S30, on the opposite bank of the creek. The dam afterwards washed away, and as steam mills were then being built in this vicinity, the damage was not re- paired, and the mills were allowed to go to decay. The second grist mill erected, actual- ly within the present limits of Jersey county, was that of Major Gershom Patterson. It stood right east of what is now known as the John Brown place, about two miles from Jerseyville, and was built in 1828. The grinding ma- chinery was operated by a treadmill run by cattle. It would grind about 30 bushels per day. He had a small bolter, which turned by hand, but the wheat was generally not cleaned before grind- ing, and the bolter, working very slow- ly, the bran generally had to be separa- ted from the flour by the customer him- self, after arriving at home. The first brick house built in the county was that of Gershom Patterson. It was built about 1827, and was blown down by a wind storm in the spring of 1830. The brick house of J. D. Gillham, built in .1828, was the second brick house in the county. James Redden and Nancy Bates, then residents of what is now Jersey county, were one of the first couples in the early settlement to be married. Greene county (Jersey was then a part of Greene) had just been set off from Mad- ison, and no court was yet organized in Greene. So, Redden went to Edwards- ville, got a license in Madison county, and then came back to get his intended bride. They traveled on horseback un- til sure they were in Madison county, then lighted a fire under a large tree and were there married by a justice of the peace. They then went back to Bates' to live. John Clark, a Baptist,' was one of the early preachers. He went about on foot ministering to the spiritual wants of the pioneers. He is described as a tremen- dous tobacco chewer, though this in no wise interiered with his efficiency as a minister of the Gospel. 84 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. GHAPTER V. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. When the state of Illinois was ad- mitted into the Union as a great sover- eign state, in December, 1818, the terri- tory now known as Jersey county was a part of Madison county, that then stretched away north to Chicago. In 1820, the inhabitants of this and Greene county put forth an effort for a sepa- rate organization, and the matter was brought to the attention of the legisla- ture, that convened at Vandalia, in the winter of 1820-21. In accordance with the wishes of the people, an act was passed, organizing the county of Greene, which was approved by Governor Bond, January 20, 1821. This sub-division was made to include the present counties of Greene, Jersey, Macoupin, Morgan and Scott, and was named in honor of Gen- eral Nathaniel Greene, of revolutionary fame. For a history of the government while Jersey and Greene counties re- mained as one, the reader is referred to the history of Greene county, in this volume. But that no item of history may be lost, it would be well in this connection to briefly mention some of the minor events that occurred in this end of Greene" county. It is of record that in 1821, the court laid the county off into military districts, for militia purposes; these were called company districts. The first district comprised what are now the townships of Quarry, Elsah, Rosedale, Otter Creek, Missis- sippi and Piasa, and an election for officers — one japtain, one lieutenant and one ensign — was ordered, and John D. Gillham, John Waddle and Samuel Kinkead were authorized to act as judges of election. The second district was also in this county, and embraced the present townships of Richwoods, English, Jersey and Fidelity, and Ger- shom Patterson, William Adair and Nathaniel Rowdon were appointed as judges ef election. At the same time, Ira Kelly, Samuel Kinkead and Jehu Brown were recommended to the gov- ernor, Shadrach Bond, as suitable per- sons for the offices of justice of the peace. Jurors were also selected at this term of the county court, to serve as such at the next meeting of the circuit court, and among those drawn were the names of the following residents of what is now Jersey county: Ezekiel Gilham, William Davidson, Gershom Patterson, John D. Gilham, James Whitesides and Philip ( i rimes. The first probate judge of the double county was John G. Lof- ton, who received $30,121. for his ser- vices, and $5 for recording deeds. Among the jurors for the spring term of 1822 were the following residents of what is now Jersey county: Edward Carroll, Joseph White, Robert Avery, Joseph Piggott and John Gunternian. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 85 As the southern part of Greene county increased in population, the idea of a separate organization began to en- ter into the minds of the people, and was agitated seriously. Greene county was at this time represented in the gen- eral assembly by two members, one of whom it was the custom to elect from the territory south of Macoupin creek. In 1838, Edward Daley was the member from this section, and it is somewhat due to his exertions that the new county organization was effected. The people generally were in favor of it, Col. John N. English canvassing the county for signatures to a petition to be pre- sented to the legislature, in favor of the measure, securing several hundred names. Many people in Greene county were not averse to the measure, but some opposition was manifested in the town (it Carrollton, the citizens fearing that taking off so large a portion from the south end of the county, the re- moval of the seat of justice from that place to a more centrally located one would soon ensue. A vote on the question of separation was therefore taken, on the 5th of August, 1839, which resulted in 1,239 voting in favor of the erection of the new county, and 714 against it, a clear majority of 525 in its favor. So the separation took place. The larger part of the later emigration having come from the state of New Jersey, the new county was christened Jersey inhonorof that noble state, and Jerseyville was elected the county seat without opposition. At this time the government of the coun- ties of this state was vested in a county commissioners' court. The first commissioners of the county were Thomas Cummings, Solomon Cal- houn and Amos Pruitt, and the first court held by them was a special term, which met on Monday, Oct. 4, 1839, at Jerseyville, when all three of the commissioners were present. In the absence of the clerk elect, who had not yet qualified for the office, the court appointed Robert L. Hill, as clerk pro tern., to hold the same until the duly elected clerk should tile his bond and be sworn in, whereupon Robert Hill, filed his bond and entered upon the discharge of his duties. His bond, which was ordered to be recorded, was for the sum of $1,000, and was signed by Edward M. Daly, John Brown and Joseph Crabb, as sureties. The first business brought before the court was the appointment of trustees for the townships, and a county agent, Joseph Crabb, being the gentlemen selected to fill the latter position. Robert L. Hill was instructed to purchase a stove, and Edward M. Daly, the books, seals, papers, etc., necessary to carry on the various offices of the county govern- ment. It was also ordered: "That Solomon Calhoun and Robert L. Hill lie appointed to contract for, and super- intend the erection of a building, to lie located on the public square in Jerseyville. for the use of the county of Jersey, and to obtain from the trustees of Jerseyville a lease oi the said square; the said building to be 18 feet square, and one story high, and tolie built in a strong and workmanlike manner, and to he paid for out of the county treasury." The second meeting of the count)' com- missioners' court was also a special one, held Oct. 28, 1839, when John R. Black, the newly elected county treasurer, filed his bond for $15,000 and qualified. His sureties were Joseph Crabb and E. Van 8G HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Horn. At this meeting of the court the following were appointed as road super- visors of the various road districts of the county: John Utt, Joseph Duncan, Pol- lard Kirkland, John Gilworth, H. N. Belt, William Tompkins, George Stamps John Cowan, Joseph Crabb, George Set- tlemiers, Perley Silloway, Henry Rip- son, William McDow, Thomas Cress- well, William Williams, Ezekiel Gil- lam, John Simmons and Jacob Lurton. Richard Graham, who had been elect- ed to fill the office of clerk of the com- missioners' court, came forward, at this meeting, and filing his bond for one thousand dollars, with John Anderson and R. H. Van Dike as sureties, was duly qualified, and entered upon the discharge of his duties. The first regular session of the com- missioner's court was held in Decem- ber, 1839, commencing on the 2d of that month. The house, contracted for by Messrs. Calhoun and Hill for the use of the county, having been finished by the contractor, Peyton C. Walker, it was received from his hands by the commissioners, and the clerk ordered to draw warrants for the sum of $220, in payment for the same. Thomas Cummings having, with Chilton Smithe, been appointed a com- mittee to confer with the county com- missioners of Greene county, and to ad- just the claim of Jersey county to ap- portionment of the internal improve- ment fund, at this meeting presented a report stating that they had secured the sum of $6, 000 and an agreement to make a final adjustment "under and after the census of 1840." Thomas Vance was at once appointed as an agent to loan this fund at a rate of 10 per cent, per annum, payable in advance, he entering into a bond with the county for the faithful performance of the same. On Thursday, December 5, 1839, James C. Perry, a native of England, came before the court, and having taken the oath of allegiance, was duly natur- alized a citizen of the United States, the first in this county after its organization as a separate county. At a special meeting of the county commissioners, held on the 13th of January, 1840, the following preamble and order was made : " Whereas, Elijah Van Horn, Solomon Cal- houn and Thomas L. McGill, a committee ap- pointed by a meeting of the citizens of Jersey county, to superintend the erection of the pub- lic buildings for said county, this day pres- ented to the court a draft of a plan and expla- nations thereof, of a building for a court house ami jail for said county, which plan and ex- planations are ordered to be tiled. And it is further " Ordered, that if the citizens of Jerseyville and its vicinity will build, at their own ex- pense, a building according to the said draft and explanation, the said building will be re- ceived by the commissioners' court of Jersey county, tor the use of said county, as a good and suitable court house and jail for the said county of Jersey." But little was done by this court, be- yond the usual routine work, laying out roads, building bridges, auditing claims, etc. In March, 1840, however, they appointed John Kimball, assessor for the county, and George W. Lowder, collector. The county commissioners' court that met on the 7th day of Sept., 1840, was composed of Amos Pruitt, Chauncey Brown, and Cyrus Tolman, the latter two of whom produced their certificates HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. of election, and after duly qualifying, took their seats. At the March term of the court, 1841, the following order was made, and en- tered upon the records: " Whereas, Solomon Calhoun, E. Van Home and Thomas L. McGill, a committee to super- intend the erection of the court house and jail of Jersey county ,this day presented to the court a statement, marked C, showing that the enclos- ing of tiie court house is under contract, and also showing the probable cost of finishing the court house and jail to be §2,170, and the said committee exhibited to the court, subscrip- tions, notes and obligations, to be applied to the public buildings, for the sum of 82,189.51 over and above the amount under contract and expended, and also an obligation to make up the deficit, should the above not he enough; and whereas, also, a deed from the trustees of Jersevville to the county of Jersey, for the public square in said town, being more than an acre oi ground, whereon the court hou.se now stands, duly recorded by the recorder of Jersey county, as appears by certificate thereon, has been presented to the court, which is or- dered to be tiled. Therefore, it is ordered that it be entered on record, that the court is satis- tied that the citizens of Jersevville ami vici- nity will comply with the provisions of the sixth section of the act of the general assembly of the state of Illinois, entitled, an act to cre- ate and establish the county of Jersey, ap- proved Feb. 28, L839." A few days after, the court made a further order as follows: " Whereas certain-subscriptions toward the public buildings of Jersey county, have been made payable to the county commissioners of said county, and according to their terms are not binding on the subscribers until they are entered upon the records of said court, it is therefore, "Ordered, that the said subscriptions be en- tered of record, and that the said subscribers pay their subscriptions to the committee appointed by the citizens of the county to superintend the erection of the public buildings, as other subscriptions." The court which met at the regular September term in the year 1842, was composed of Chauncey Brown, Cyrus Tolman and William Palmer, the latter taking the place of Amos Pruitt. The court first assemhled on -the 5th of Sept- ember. The regular routine work of auditing claims and hearing road peti- tions was gone through with, and the regular tax levy ordered. This latter was for thirty cents on the hundred dollars for county purposes. In September, 1843, Thomas Carroll became a member of the county com- missioners' court, in place of Chauncey Brown, whose time had expired. In September, 1844, Maurice Arm- strong became a county commissioner, the court for this year consisting of Armstrong, William Palmer and Thomas Carroll. At the June term, 1845, of this court, they appointed Thomas L. McGill, as the agent of the county for the collection of the subscription of the citizens to the fund for the erection of the court house and jail, in the town of Jerseyville. In the fall of 1845, Ambrose T. Wyckoff became a member of the court, in place of William Palmer, whose term had expired. At a special session of this court held on Monday, Oct, 13, 1845, the follow- ing order was placed on the records: "Ordered, that Samuel R. Perry, of the county of Greene, and slate of Illinois, be and he is hereby allowed the sum of $900.00 in full payment for a certain farm situate and being in the county of Jersey and state of Illi- nois, containing 166 acres; it beingthe same tracts or lots of land heretofore owned by Thos. Vance, and conveyed by the said Vance to the said Samuel H. Perry, which said farm the court has this day purchased for the pur- ss HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. pose of establishing a poor house thereon ; and it is further ordered, that the clerk deliver to the said S. R. Perry, the aforesaid sum of 8900, in Jersey county orders, upon receiving the -and of conveyance of said premises." In December of the same year, the county commissioners established a county poorhouse, on this farm which is located several miles northeast of Jer- seyville, on which was a house already for occupancy; it was, at once, used for the purpose intended. Maurice Armstrong, Ambrose S. Wyckoff and Benjamin Cleaver, consti- tuted the county commissioners' court for the year commencing Sept. 7, 1846. On the 6th of September, 1847, when court was duly opened, James McKin- ney, who was, on the 2d day of August, 1847, elected county commissioner as the successor of Maurice Armstrong, pre- sented his certificate of election, and after due qualification took his seat. James A. Piggott, James McKinney and Ambrose S. Wyckoff, comprised the county commissioners' court, from the 1st day of Sept., 1848, and on account of the change in the mode of govern- ment, consequent upon the adoption of the state constitution of 1848, held over until the following December, 1849, when the county commissioners' court gave place to THE COUNTY COURT. The first meeting of this court was held on the 3d day of Dec, 1849, was presided over by George E. Warren, county judge, assisted by Jacob Lurton and .lames McKinney, associate justices. The commission of the judge being read and placed upon the records, court was opened in due form, and proceeded to the transaction of the business of the county. The usual routine work of laying out roads, building bridges, aud- iting claims, etc., was gone through with. At the January term, 1850, the contract for the superintending of the poor-house for the term of one year from the first of March following, for which proposals had been invited, was awarded to Ira Moore, who had offered to do it for the sum of $235. About this time, on account of expenditures of the county exceeding the income, county orders became somewhat depreciated and Judge Warren gave considerable atten- tion to the matter of repairing the credit of the county and restoring the warrants to a par value. One of the methods employed was to pay interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum, on all warrants or orders for which the treasurer had no funds on hand to meet. This was partially a success, the credit of the county being strengthened. In December, 1852, Jasper M. Terry became associate justice of this court, in place of Jacob Lurton, entering upon the duties of his office at once. The question now came up before this court of the county subscribing the sum of $50,000 in bonds toward the building of the Jacksonville & Carrollton railroad and it was placed before the people who voted upon it on the 26th of March, 1853, and a majority of the voters of the county being in favor of the said subscription, the court "Ordered that George E. Warren, county judge, or his successor in office, be, and he is hereby, authorized and empowered to sub- scribe, on behalf of Jersey county, 500 shares, equal to $50,000 of the capital stock of said company, and to issue the bonds of the county, in sums not less than $50, bear- ing six percent, interest, payable annually, and redeemable in the year (if our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-rive (1875), to pay such subscription in such in- stallments as may lie called for by said com- pany." On Monday, December 5, 1863, the term of the office of the judge and asso- ciate justices having expired, George E. Warren having been re-elected to the position of county judge, and Jasper M. Terry to that of associate justice, to- gether with Charles H. Bowman, the other newly elected associate-justice, came together, and presenting their commissions, and having been duly sworn, opened court in form. It now becoming necessary to have larger accommodations for the paupers, the court looked around fora proper and suitable place. In September, 1854, the court pur- chased of .lames C. Graham, 20 acres of land off of the west side of the farm owned by the said Graham, lying east of Jerseyville, on the Carlinville road, and including the house fronting on said road, together with the orchard and other improvements. The sum paid was $2,000. This was used as the poor- house, as soon as possession was had. At the meeting of the county court, held in December, 1856, J. Murray Bacon succeeded C. H. Bowman as asso- ciate justice. On Thursday, Sept. the 10th, 1857, the Jacksonville, Alton & St. Louis railroad company presented a request ''that the court issue bonds to said company for the amount of the capital stock, $50,000, subscribed by the county of Jersey to the said Jacksonville, Alton & St. Louis railroad company, "agreeably to the pro- visions of an act of the legislature of the state of Illinois." In accordance the court made the following order. " It is therefore ordered, that said bonds be issued in behalf of said county, for the sum of $50,000, in sums of $500 each, bearing date in this day, and payable at the American Ex- change bank, in the city of New York, on the 1st day of March, 1875, with interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum, payable on the 1st day of March in each and every succeeding year, at the said American Exchange bank. And that the judge and associate justices of the court sign said bonds, and that the same be attested by the clerk of the court, under tin- seal thereof. And that the clerk of this court sign the interest warrants, to be attached thereto, for the accruing interest on each of said bonds, and deliver said bonds to the said company upon the receipt of the certificate of stock, to which the said county of Jersey is entitled, by virtue of their said subscription." At the December session of the county court for the year 1857, there was an entire change in the composition of the same. At that time, 0. P. Powel,' county judge, Richard R. Ely and Wil- liam Williams, associate justices, pre- sented their commissions, filed their official bonds, aud being duly qualified, entered upon the discharge id' their duties. With the December term of 1861, came a new county court, consisting of Rich- ard I. Lowe, county judge, Jacob Lur- ton and Larkin Richardson, associate justices. In I860, at the June term of this court, $3, 4(H) was placed in Un- hands of Richard I. Lowe, for the pur- pose of making the necessary additions and repairs to the courthouse according to plans and specifications submitted by William Embley, and adopted by the court, the additions to be made by Em- bley & Coddington. Upon Thursday, Sept. 22, 1864, at a 90 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. special session, the following was spread upon the records: ••Whereas, upon the representation of many of the citizens, who are large tax-payers in the county, that by the offering of a bounty of $50.00 to encourage enlistments, a draft to lill the required quota of Jersey county may he averted, and at the earnest request of such citizens, a special term of the court is called on this day. And the court bei.ig satis- fied that it is the general wish of the tax-pay- ers of the county, that enlistments should be encouraged, both by individual and county bounties; therefore, '•It is ordered, that the sum of $10,000.00 be and the same is hereby appropriated by the county court of Jersey county, for the purpose of paying a bounty of $60.00 to each person who shall volunteer from Jersey county on or after the 19th day of September, 18U4, until her quota shall be Idled. A special le,vy of a tax was ordered to meet this demand upon the finances of the county, of 50 cents on a dollar. A committee, consisting of William Shcpard, John S. White and H. O. Goodrich, were appointed to inquire in- to and report to the court the names of the parties entitled to the bounty, who, on the 10th day of December, 1864, made the following report: " Your committee appointed to ascertain who were entitled to receive the bounty ap- propriated by your honorable body for such as would volunteer in the service of the United States and be credited to the various precincts of Jersey county, thereby relieving the county from the hardships of the recent draft, would respectfully beg leave to report that in their opinion all members of the 144th regiment, stationed at Alton, who are credited to the county, are entitled to and should receive said bounty of $.")0.00 each, the names of all, or nearly all so credited are herewith submit- ted, and credits certified to by the adjutant- general of the state. " We would further recommend that the same bounty be paid lo the following parties, who have enlisted since the issuing of your order, in the (list regiment, and been credited to the county, as shown by accompanying cer- tificate. (Here follows the list of volunteers.) " Believing, as we do, that the parties above specified have, by their voluntary acts, relieved the county you have the honor to represent in a most unprecedented manner from the hardships necessarily attending a draft, and which has borne so heavily on other counties in our district, we respectfully renew our recommendation that the bounty be paid, feeling sure the people of this county will sanction and approve your action in these premises." The court approved the report, and ordered the bounty paid as recom- mended. There were 249 names on the list, all but five being in the ranks of the 144th Reg. of HI. Inf. The court that came into existence in Dec, 1865, was composed of tbe follow- ing gentlemen — O. P. Powel, county judge; Phineas Eldredge and William H. Allen, associate justices. On Monday, December 6, 1869, J. M. Hurd, county judge; Caleb Noble and G. W. Gorin, associate justices, entered upon the duties of the county court, having been elected to those offices at the regular election that fall. Before this court, on the 9th day of Septem- ber, 1871, came William Shephard, and made an offer to the court to pay the sum of $12,750, in cash, for the 500 shares of stock in the St. Louis, Jack- sonville and Chicago railroad, succes- cors to the Tonica and Petersburg and Jacksonville, Alton and St. Louis rail- road, belonging to the county of Jersey, in right of the $50,000 subscribed to the capital stock of the said company, as previously mentioned. This offer, ap- pearing to be advantageous to the coun- ty, it was accepted and the clerk au- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 91 thorized to make out and sign the re- quisite papers necessary to vest the title of the same in the said William Shephard. Robert M. King succeeded J. M. Hurd as county judge, at the December ses- sion, 1872, the associate justices being Caleb Noble and William A. Scott. They at once entered upon the discharge of the functions of the court according to the law governing this bod.y Some re- pairs were made upon the court house by this court, and a bell purchased and placed on that building in September, 1873. This was the last county court held as the county government, the con- stitution of the state, adopted in 1870, making change in the form of govern- ment and originating the rule of THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. The first meeting of this board was held on Monday, in Jan., 1874, they not being able to organize at the regular time, December, on account of some lack of action on the part of the legis- lature in passing the necessary laws. The board comprised the following gen- tlemen: William H. Allen, Edwin Co- lean and Isaac R. Ely. These parties at once proceeded to cast lots as to the lsngth of time each would occupy the office, when William H. Allen drew the one year term; Edwin Colean the two year and I. R. Ely the three year. On organization, Isaac R. Ely was declared chairman, and the board commenced the consideration of the business of the county. The first business brought be- fore them was the examination and ap- proval of the reports of the various road supervisors, they having jurisdiction over those officers at that time. The boards of county commissioners for the succeeding years were as fol- lows : 1875 — Isaac R. Ely, Edwin Colean and G. S. Compton, with the first-named in the chair. The first meeting was held on the 7th day of Dec, 1874. 1876 — Isaac R. Ely, G. S. Compton and William H. Fulkerson. The first meeting was convened on the 6th day of Dec, 1875, and G. S. Compton was chosen chairman for the ensuing year. 1877— G. S. Compton. W. H. Fulker- son and John W. Evans, with Mr. Compton again in the chair. First meeting held on Monday, Dec 4, 1S76. 1878— W. L. Ruyle, John W. Evans and Prentiss D. Cheney, the latter elected to fill vacancy occasioned by the resignation of W. H. Fulkerson. The last-mentioned was elected chair- man for the year. The first meeting- was, held on the 6th of Jan., 1878. 1879— W. L. Ruyle, J. W. Evans and S. B. Foree, with Col. Ruyle in the chair. At a special meeting held on the 25th of Feb., of this year, the chairman stated the object of the meet- ing to be to obey the summons of the supreme court, on mandamus, to ap- point commissioners to divide the county into towns under the township organi- zation act. It seems that on the 3d of Sept., 1878, a petition numerously signed was presented by Henry Slover, asking the board to order the submission of the question of township organization to the people of Jersey county. The commissioners accordingly ordered the submission of the question at the next general election. At that time it was found that the total number of votes cast was 2858, of which 1459 were for town- 92 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ship organization, and 1399 against it, but because of some informality in the returns from Grafton precinct, the vote of that sub-division was not counted which made the vote stand as follows: For township organization, 1268, and against township organization, 1295. The trouble that grew out of this ruling was carried to the supreme court of the state, hence the above action of that body, in ordering the appointment of commissioners. E. M. Fuller, George H. Jacks and Phineas Eldredge, were selected as the parties to divide the county into townships for the purpose of carrying out the wishes of the people. They made their report, at the March term of the commissioners court, in which they recommend the following subdivisions: Piasa — embracing all of T. 7, north, R. 10 west. Fidelity— T. 8 north, R. 10 west. Ruyle— fract'l T. 9 north, R. 10 west. Jersey — all of T. 8 north, R. 11 west, and fractional T. 9 north, R. 11 west. .Mississippi — T. 7 north, R. 11 west. Elsah— fractional T. 6 north, R. 11 west. Grafton — all of fractional T. 6 north, and Rs. 12 and 13 west. Otter Creek— T. 7 north, R. 12 west. English— T. 8 north, R. 12 west. Illinois — fractional T. 7 north, R. 13 West. Richwoods — fractional Ts. 8 and 9 north, Rs. 13 and 14 west. This report was adopted and the com- missioners ordered an election for county supervisors, and upon the 25th of March, i879, the court of county com- missioners adjourned sine die, and were succeeded by the BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. The first meeting of this body was on the 14th of April, 1879, when the fol- lowing supervisors appeared, presented their credentials, and after due qualifi- cation took their seats: Walter E. Carlin, Henry J. Hoffman, Lewis Elliott, William A. Scott, Addison Greene, Samuel B. Foree, E. Meysen- burg, C. C. Buzby, S. W. Rogers, J. L. English, J. G. Erwin. On organization, Walter E. Carlin was chosen chairman. The following have been the various boards of supervisors of Jersey county, for each and every year. 1880— W. E. Carlin, J. L. Reed, B. F. Kelly, I. R. Ely, M. V. Hamilton, James R. Livingstone, C. C. Buzby, Ad- dison Greene, S. W. Rogers, J. G. Er- win, E. Meysenburg. W. E. Carlin was duly elected chair- man for the year. 1881— This board met for the first time on the 6th of June, when there were present the following supervisors: W. E. Carlin, P. D. Cheney, A. M. Slaten, C. B. Eaton, W. H. Allen, Jr., B. F. Kelly, John A. Cory, M. V. Ham- ton, Archie Craig, Elias Palmer, J. G. Erwin, CO. Buzby. W. E. Carlin was nominated and re- elected unanimously to the chairman- ship. 1882— W. E. Carlin, M. J. Richey, M. V. Hamilton, C. B. Eaton, Archie Craig, Milo Landon, N. M. Lurton, J. K. Cadwalader, Elias Palmer, C. P. Stafford, B. F. Kelly. W. E. Carlin was again re-elected chairman of the board for the ensuing year, at the meeting which convened June 6th, for the first time. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 93 1883 — The board for this year met for the first time on Tuesday, June 26, 1888, and re-elected W. E. Carlin as chairman. The board consisted of the following gentlemen: W. E. Carlin, M. J. Richey, Ephraim Chappel, James Segraves, M. V. Ham- ilton, Archie Craig, ("has. Ruyle, Milo Landon, Isaac N. Moore, A. J. Thomp- son, ('. I'. Stafford, J. K. Cadwalader. 1884 — First meeting on the 3d of June, when the following supervisors took their seats: Walter E. Carlin, M. J. Richey, M. V. Hamilton, Andrew J. Thompson, J. M. Segraves, C. P. Stafford, Geo. W. Reed, II. V. Vorhees, N. T. Rogers, V. L. Dodge, Lloyd T. English, Isaac X. Moore. . 1885 — The present board of supervis- ors, held their first meeting on the 2d of June, when the following gentlemen took their places: W. 11. Bartlett, B. F. Kelly, V. L. Dodge, H. Y. Vorhees, Geo. H. Van- Horne, N. T. Rogers, Lloyd T. English, C. P. Stafford, John L. Reed, W. E. Carlin, F. J. Mains, John A. Kraus. \V. E. Carlin was again chosen to fill the chair for the vear. GHAPTRR VI. OTHER OFFICIAL MATTER. In this chapter it is designed to pre- sent the various official matters, which, although too brief to place in a chapter separately, are too important to be ignored. These items have been mostly gatheredfrom the records of thecounty, although some have been gained in fragments during interviews with those familiar with the subject. MATRIMONIAL. This is a matter which always attracts attention when treated historically, and is especially interesting to the younger portion of the community, who, their time not yet having come, still walk "in maiden meditation fancy free," dream- ing of the prince that will "a wooing" come, or picture the charms of the fu- ture mistress of their household. In various lands the marriage rite is solemnized in different ways and by dif- ferent ceremonies; in all, the acts of the contracting parties must be understood by each, and by the community in which they live, as being a mutual agreement to hold relations toward one another as man and wife. In this state a license has always been required, although it is not in all the states, and thus from the records in most all instances we can trace all the earlier marriages of the county. In this county, it is impossible to do so, as the first eighteen years of the county's existence the records were kept in what is now the county of Greene. Therefore, for the record of these the reader is referred to the hist- ory of that county for them. 94 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. In early days, young men and maidens were not married in the grand style which usually characterizes the mar- riages of the present period. They did not wait until riches came before they married, as is too much the case in this money-loving age, but chose their mate without regard to this point, and settled down to live in simple and comfortable style, and they generally lived happily and gained the respect of their neighbors by attending to their own business. There were no "diamond weddings" in those days, and the extravagance that now often attends the marriage cere- mony was then unheard of. The old folks were plain, economical and hos- pitable people, and the young folks were imbued with the same attributes that characterized their fathers and mothers. They were willing to com- mence housekeeping in a style corres- ponding with their means, trusting to the future for larger houses and more expensive furniture. There are many rich anecdotes of the rustic marriages in early days, but where possible they are treated of in connec- tion with the history of the townships in which they occurred. How, when the time came, the blushing and rosy maid would drop her milk pails, throw off her apron and tying on her sunbon- net, clamber into the lumber box wagon, while ''John" in his overalls and farm boots would take up the whip, and the oxen would move off with the bridal procession to the "Squire's" who did the "jining of the knot." Among the amusing stories told of some parties in the county, away back in the misty past, is one where a country couple made their way to one of the in- cipient villages in the county in quest of some one who was authorized to tie the hymeneal knot. They went to a young storekeeper, who, in the way of a practical joke, referred them to the postmaster, stating that the government authorized him to officiate upon such occasions. When the postmaster was seen he disclaimed any knowledge of such authority, and said that he had only been in the employment of the government a short time and was not yet "quite up to snuff." But if the merchant said he could, he supposed it was so. Accordingly the couple were ranged up in front of the postmaster, who in the most approved style im- pressed them with the solemnity of the occasion, warned them to "let no man put asunder what he had jined," and in closing pronouced them "Mr. and Mrs., as provided by the United States postal regulations. Go your way, keep your mouths shut, and you'll be happy." As they turned to leave, he remarked, "only a dollar a piece, please." The first marriage in Jersey county after the organization of the same, ac- cording to the records, was that which united the destinies of John P. Allcorn and Mary Hawkins, the lisence for which was issued Oct. 17, 1839; the ceremon}' was performed by David Myers, J. P. The other marriages recorded are as follows: Thomas Jackson and Rebecca Cowan, issued Oct. 17, 1839, married by David Myers, J. P. David Arnspiger and Jane Stephens, married Oct. 20, 1839, by David Myers, J. P. Nathan C. Swann and Mary Ann HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 95 Patton, married Oct. 31, 1839, by John Keys, J. P. James G. Swann and Elizabeth A. Rolston, married Oct. 31, 1839, by John Keys, J. I". Joel Elledgcand Mrs. Lucinda Davis, married Dec. 10, 1839, by Urial Downy, J. P. Henry Marshall and Barbara Arin- hart, married Jan. 6, 1840, by David Myers, J. P. Josiah L. Draper and Rachel ('. Bur- ton, married Jan. 9, 1840, by Jos. G. Scott, J. P. Jackson Williams and Maigaret Smith married Jan. 2, 1840, by Reuben S. Spencer, J. P. Thornton Hugs and Elizabeth Wag- goner, married Jan. 23, 1840, by Thos. McDow, J. P. Jeremiah Panick and Evaline Fuller, married Jan. 26, 1840, by Joseph G. Scott, J. P. Solomon Heter and Jane Giles, mar- ried Jan. 31, 1840, by Jos. Fowler, min- ister. Samuel Piper and Levina Rutherford, married Jan. Hi, 1840, by P. Downy, J. P. Hardin Rowdon and Lucretia George, married Feb. 2, 1840, by Reuben S. Spencer, J. P. Robt. P. Murphy and Mary Ann Clark married Feb. 20, 1840, by Amos Dodge, preacher. Abraham Borer and Cyntha E. Jon- nessee married March 1, 1*40, by Geo. W. Powder, J. P. Isaac Harbert and Mrs. H. M. Shull, married April 24, 1840, by Joseph Fow- ler, minister. Richard Arnold and Jane Cowen, married April 8, 1840, by Geo W. Low- der, J. P. Christopher Hirchna and Elizabeth Thurston, married April 23, 1840, by Nathaniel Hamilton, J. P. Aaron Wood and Nancy E. Phelps, married April 28, 1840, by Reuben S. Spencer, J. P. Albertus Lofton and Lucinda Chap- pell, married March 12, 1840, by Thos. McDow, J. P. John Parker and Mary Ann ('base, married May 21, 1840, by Thomas Mc- Dow, J. P. Augustin Stralder and Polly Lance, married April 29, 1840, by J. Keys, J. P. William Lee and Hily Dunham, mar- ried May 14, 1840, by David Myers, J. P. David McFain and Mary Cooper, married June IS, 1840, by Geo. W. Lowder, J. P. William Lavender and Margaret H. Little, married June 15, 1840, by David Myers, J. P. Edward S. Atkinson, and Sarah Rog- ers, married July 13, 1840, by Joseph Fowler, minister. Joseph Cope and Martha Bullard, married July 1(5, 1840, by N. Hamilton, .1. P. Perley Silloway and Harriet Wilk- ins, married May 28, 1840, by Joseph Crabb, J. P. Stanford Moore and Eliza Watson, married July 26, 1840, by Geo. Hoff- man, J. P. Henry H. Cooper and Mrs. Mary Burrett, married Aug. 18, 1840, by Reu- ben Spencer, J. P. Albert G. Minor and Abigail C. Tyler, married Aug. 13, 1840, by Geo. Hoffman, J. P. George Stafford and Ann Elizabeth Cresswell, married Aug. 25, 1840, by Silas Grain, J. P. ',16 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Caleb Noble and Susannah E. Gill- ham, married Sept. 11, 1840, by William Jerome, minister. Vincent Martin and Lucinda Hughs, married Sept. 24, 1840, by Silas ('rain, J. P. Robert Williams and Martha Smith, married Oct. 1, 1840, by Reuben Spen- cer, .1. P. E. Miller and Judeth Amanda Winne- ford, married Oct. 2, 1840, by Amos P. Brown, minister. John Clifford and Hetty L. W. Van Hart, married April 15, 1840, by James Harriott, J. P. William Rogers and Elizabeth Ham- ilton, married Oct. 15, 1840, by Moses Leiiien, minister. Philip Darr and Mary E. Jonnessee, married Oct. 29, 1840, by Geo. W. Low- der, J. P. James Anderson and Hannah Finney, married Nov. 5, 1840, by John Keys, J. P. Thomas Smiril and Euphemia Dough- erty, married Oct. 22, 1840, by William Jerome, minister. William P. Pitman and Mary Rogers, married Dec, 2, 1840, by W. S. Mc- Murry, minister. Joseph Parker and Sarah Beeman, married Nov. 15, 1840, by Thos. McDow, J. P. Samuel Ralston and Margaret War- ren, married Dec. :!, 1840, by W. S. Mc- Murry, minister. James Mag'ee and Mary J. Bramlett, married December 8, 1840, by Luke Lyons, minister. James Swain and Hannah Wat ley. married Dec. 13, 1840, by James Har- riott, J. P. Abram Rowdon and Tamelia Walden, married Dec. 17, 1840, by Thos. L. Mc- Gill, J. P. John N. English and Elizabeth Ann Belt, married Dec. 17, 1840, by W. S. McMurry, minister. J. I. Hupp and Elizabeth P. Abraham married Dec. 25, 1840, by W. S. Mc- Murry, minister. William K. Miner and Mary Ann Sal- ly, married Dec. 24, 1S40, by Geo. Hoff- man, J. P. William W. Botkin and Susanna Sim- mons, married Dec. 10, 1840, by Henry Hewberry, minister. Hiram H. Adams ami Elizabeth Ham- ilton, married Dee. 20, 1840, by David Myers, J. P. The following persons were married in the year 1841: Hiram English ami Mary Ann Grimes, Jan. 3, by Horatio N. Belt, J. P. William Willis and Altha Ann Car- son, Jan. 7, by Thos. Mellow, J. P. Elisha H. Barton and Rebecca Lof- ton, Jan. 19, by Silas Crain, J. P. Ephraim Carter and Elizabeth Sey- more, Jan. 21, by Uriah Downey, J. P. William Henry Frost and Rebecca Miner, Jan. 28, by Luke Lyons, min- ister. Samuel Turner and Sally Jane Spen- cer, Jan. 17, by Silas ('rain, J. P. William Hughs and Eunice Burley, Feb. 4, by Thos. McDow, J. P. William Post and Hannah W. Cal- houn, Feb. 4, by James Hartiott, J. P. James H. Maupin and Maay Whis- man, Feb. 4, by Geo. W. Lowden, J. P. Herrend Gardner and Nancy Spangle, Feb. 11, by Thos. McDow, J. P. William S. Wilson and Mary Ann Smalley, Feb. 14, by W. S. McMurry, minister. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 97 Hugh Rusk and Ellen Barr, Feb. 14, by R. S. Spencer, J. P. David Kirkwood and Elizabeth Cowen, Feb. 18, by D. Myers, J. P. Jonathan Plowman and Elizabeth Crull, March 4, by Silas Crain, J. P. Dan'l K. Fitzgerald and Catharine M. Skeene, March 11, by William F. Jarrett, minister. Joseph Fowler and Eliza Ann Brown, March 28, by L. Lyons, minister. Joseph Brown and Annis Lee, March 30, by Horatio N. Belt, J. P. William Millross and Maria Hobbs, April S, by William Jerome, minister. Jackson Calfee and Martha Blalock, April 14, by Joseph Crabb, J. P. James A. Goodrich and Esther Bush, April 22, by L. Lyons, minister. Philip R. Cook and Elizabeth Sam- son, May 23, by William Jerome min- ister. David Waddle and Mrs. Esther Parker June 23, by John Stafford, J. P. David T. Bonnell and Sally Ann Kirby June 3, by Luke Lyons, minister. Stephen Tunnell and Elizabeth Rice, June 12, by Joseph P. Tyler, J. P. ('bland W. Curry and Eliza Springale, July 8, by Rev. Wm. Wilson. Milton Richey and Margaret Courts, July 4, by Silas Crain, J. P. Felix Staggs and Mary Catlett, July 24, by Joseph Crabb, J. P. Richard I. Simmons and Margaret Davis, Aug. 1, by Rev. W. S. Mc- Murry. Jacob VanDike and Mrs. Sarah French July 31, by Rev. W. S. McMurry. Wilson Davis and Margaret Arin- spiger, Aug. 5, by Rev. C. I. Gardiner. Joseph Beggs and Permiah Hinson, July 29, by Geo. W. Lowder, J. P. Miles Misenhermer and Margaret F. Jarrett, Aug. 5, Rev. Wm. F. Terrall. Vincent Lee and Prisilla Johnson, Aug. 30, by Geo. W. Lowder, J. P. David Sego and Elizabeth Mankins, Sept. 7, by Geo. W. Lowder, J. P. William B. Nevis and Laura Goodrich, Sept. 9, by Rev. Luke Lyons. John W. Farron and Caroline Pearson, Sept. 80, by Samuel Haycroft. Irvine White and Matilda Quigley, Oct, 3, by Silas Crain, J. P. George Hoffman and Mary Ann Koll- enborn, Sept, 30, by Joseph Crabb, J. P. Benj C. Rhodes and Amanda Darr, October 7, by Geo. H. Lowden, J. P. Abraham Houser and Barbara A. Arinspiger, October 14, by Rev. Elijah Dodson. Philip Pennnington and Mary Ann Cummings, Oct. 10, by Rev. Elijah Dodson. William Chappell and Elizabeth Hooper, Nov. 7, by Geo. Hoffman, J. P. Isaac Elledge and Winnefred A. Piper. Nov. 18, by Solomon Calhoun, J. P. James Darr and Rachel Cowen, Nov. 21, by Geo. W. Lowder, J. P. Richard J. Ely and Mrs. Sarah Grigs- by, Nov. 27, by Rev. Elijah Dodson. William Kelley and Jane Miller, Dec. 9, by Rev. G. A. Hamilton. John Massey and Maria Brown, Dec. 9, by Rev. Jas. H. Dickins. Singular Pence and Sarah A. Winne- ford, Dec. 13, by Jas. A. Harriott. William M. Bailey and Mary Ann Parker, Dec. 16, by Rev. Luke Lyons. Jacob Rickey and Nancy Higgins, Dec. 16, by Thos. L. McGill, J. P. Delavin D. Wilcox and Caroline E. Landon, Dec. 30, by Thos. L. McGill. J. P. 98 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Henry Darlington and Marian Noble, Dec. 13, by Rev. William Jerome. John H. Whitlock and Emmaline My- ers, Dec. 16, by Benj. Cleaver, J. P. William Lewis and Sarah Smith, Dec. 21, by Rev. Henry Newberry. The following table will show how the number of marriages varied witli each year, and how the market matrimonial, was affected by the circumstances of the times: 1839 from Oct fi 1862 127 1840 47 1863 151 1S41 55 1864 . 153 1842 ... 44 1865 MS 1S43 . 45 1866 198 1844 50 1867 198 1845 IS 1868 160 1846 .... 57 1869 157 1884 77 1870 ... 156 18 tl 73 1S71 IS", 1S49 76 is 72 124 1850 811 1873 140 1851 73 1S71 Hi:', 1852 .. 89 IS 75 147 1853 102 1876 157 1854 82 1877 144 1855 101 1S7S L68 1856 136 L879 161 1857 126 1880 153 1858 123 1881 139 1859 117 1882 1 is 1860 751 1883 in; 1861 221 1884 12(1 RECORDS. Shortly after the separation of Jersey from Greene county, and its organiza- tion into a distinct sub-division of the state, the county commissioners ordered the copying upon the record books of Jersey county all the transaction relat- ing to real estate in Jersey county, and a complete set of books of this nature were made and are on file in the office of the recorder of the county. From these it will be seen that the first deed relating to land lying within the present limits of Jersey county was recorded in Greene county on the 24th day of June, 1S22. This warrantee deed bear the date of Fel) 7, 1822, and was made by John Evans and Ann Evans, his wife, to Davis Stockton, conveying to the latter the east half of the northeast quarter of section 11, and the west half of the northwest quarter of See. 12, T. 8 north, R. 12 west, containing 160 acres of land. The consideration was $160. This instrument was acknowledged be- fore Joel Meacham, a justice of the peace. The first mortgage recorded was given by Isaac Piggott to John Evans and was dated Feb. 16, 1826, and was for $800, the security being the x8 feet in size, are well-ven- tilated and exceedingly comfortable for places of that kind. The steel-clad work is the best known, and will defy the most energetic attacks upon it, cold chisel or file havingno material effect up- on it. Altogether the edifice is one in which the county can take pride, and reflects great credit on the people, the board of supervisors, the architect and builders. COUNTY CHARITY. Although the heart of every man in the county heat in earnest sympathy with the poor and destitute that lay within his knowledge, and the hand of pity and help was never withheld, in time of need, from those wdio were in want, it was for many years after the organization of the county ere its citi- zens felt it just to themselves and others t'> provide a building to he used as a sanctuary for the poor and friendless. Many, having in mind the parish poor- houses and "unions" of the old coun- tries, shrank hack with horror at the idea that any in whom they felt an interest should be doomed to inhabit a place within the cold and cheerless walls of such an asylum. The large and generous heart of thepioneer could not tolerate it. Little did they feel that many a waif upon the broad and troubled sea of the world's bitter expe- rience, has hailed as a safe harbor, as a secure haven, the much dreaded alms- house. Perhaps it was owing, partially, to these mistaken notions in regard to that noble charity, that so long delayed the erection of the building. But let not those of this later generation think that their forefathers, and the early set- tlers here, were a people wanting in brotherly charity. As early as 1840, measures were taken looking to the relief of the necessitous. The method of relief, the letting out of the care of the unfortunate, though not deem- ed the best now, went far toward mitigating the sufferings of the weary wight that had lost his all through force of untoward circumstances; the widow and orphan struggling for the daily crust of bread; the waif left to live or die, as best it may. For some years this system of relief was the only one practiced, and as but few needed it, it sufficed, At a special term of the county com- missioners' court, held Oct. 1.'!, 1846, the purchase of a tract of land for a poor farm was consummated. This farm, which comprised some 166 acres of land, was purchased for $900, of Samuel R. Perry, and was situated northeast of Jerseyville. On it was a house already built, and in December of the same year, the commissioners having established it as a poorhouse, it was at once odenee for that purpose. This was used for many years. In 1864, the building being too small for the purpose intended, and in a dilapidated condition, it was determined to build a new almshouse. Fen- that purpose a new farm was purchased, the old "lie proving ineligible. This latter is ton ELECTION, AUGUST, 1845. ty Commissioner. Ambrose S Wyckoft' Benjamin Saundert John Hawkins Virgil Noble J. Peunifield School Commissioner James Harriott P.. B Hamilton W. F. Guernsey D. D. Wilcox Augustus C. French, d. Thomas M. Kil patrick, Richard Elle... ELECTION, AUGUST, 1846. Governor. Lieutenant-Governor. Joseph B. Wells, d Nathaniel G. Wilcox, w Abraham Smith Representative. J. M. Ilurd.d Thomas Cti minings, w Thomas McDow Elihu J Palmer County Commissioner. Benjamin Cleaver, w Jacob Lurton, d James Brown : Sheriff. Perley Silloway. . Jonathan Piowman Isaac Snedeker John Darueille Coroner. George Hofl'man John staflbrd William Edsall .... . SPECIAL ELECTION, APRIL 19, 1847 Thomas L. McGill 856— 856 J. M. Hurd Joseph G. Scott. M.,B. Miner , Probate Judge. County Commissioner. B. B.Hamilton. Willard Guernst James Harriott School Commissioner. Job Collins James A. Potts John H. Buttiugtou. Solomon Calhoun. James E. Vanllorm John L.Cromuton. ELECTION, AUGUST, 1848. Congress. William A. Richardson, d Eli Wilson, vv Governor. Augustus C. French, d C. v. Dyer, w [ ieutenant-Governor. William McMurtry, d Henry H. Snow, w Horace S. Coo'ey, d. S. C. Painefreer, w. Secretary of Slate. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 10.5 Anditor of State. Thomas II Campbell, d Benjamin E. Viall.w Treasurer of State . Milton Carpenfr. d 682—637 Moses Pctteusiil. w 44 State Senator. Franklin Witt, d 521- 162 James Metcalf. w 359 Scatterine 6 John D Frv. d Isaac Danie' w Scattering RepreseBtative. Jonathan Plowmau. Wright Casey. Josiah French 86 l.-.l County Commissioner. AmbroseS.WvcKi.fi' 619— James A. Plggott 868 Jacob B. Prtchett 349— Josiah Jackson 274 John Arnspiger -7 Asa Snell 8 Isaac Snedeker 45 Abijah Davis 43 Coroner. William Lay 472- William W. Bailey 821 School Coaimissioner. Hiram Bridges 449- 89 Charles H Knapp 360 ELECTION. 1849- Associate Justice. James McKinney 553 Jacob Lurton 291 James A Piggott B54 S P. Strattou 193 E. M. i ease 2"* County Surveyor. James A Potts 697- 696 George M. Burke 1 School Commissioner. Hiram Bridges 559— 458 Elihu J Palmer 101 County Treasurer. Solomon Calhoun '. 642- John Q Cromptou 4 Countv Ji.dge George E. Warren 695- Cyrus Tolman 1 County Clerk. George M. tiowder 704- Anthony L. Knapp 1 ELECTION, SEPTFMBEU, 184S. Supreme Judge. 638 166 - Supreme Clerk. Edward H Kidgewav 768- 751) John K Gallerfleld 18 Circuit Judge. Alfred W. Caverly 347 David M. Woodson 511— 164 Scattering 1 Attornev Mark W. Delahav 278 (lark K. Gi odri'ch 481— 21 3 Circuit Clerk. Charles I. Jackson 2*0 Robert i.. Hill 126 Thomas L Hill 472- 192 ELECTION. NOVEMBER, 1848 President. Lewis Cass, d MO Zachaiv Taylor, w 454 Martin YauBureu, f 93 ELECTION, 1850. State Treasurer. John Moore 116— 116 John Y. Kuox Congressman. William A Richardson 364 Orville H. Biowning 417— 5:1 State Senator. Franklin Witt 882- 82 John A. Logan 300 Kipreseutative. Charles I). Hodges 148- 332 J. C. Winters H6 election. 1851. On the adoption ofthe general banking law. For the banking law 216 Against 837— 21 County Treasurer. Solomon Calhoun 411- 411 Surveyor Janv- p. p., its 452- 445 T. Hum.Tlaw 7 School Commissioner. Hiram Bridges 315— 221 B. .1 Pa liner 94 ELECTION. 1*52. President. Franklin Pierce, d 564 Millard Fillmore, w 651— 87 Governor. Joel A. Mal'eson 576 E B Webb 654-- 1 D. A. Knowlton 77 Lieuteoant-Govei nor. Gus. Koerner 5 ( S J L E. vorrlson 650— 4 P. Carpenter "8 Secretary of Stat.-. Alexander Starne 570 RnckuerS. Morris 647— 1 El asms Wright 76 State Auditor. Thus. H Campbell 570 Chas Behs 651- 81 E.J Smith 76 State Treasurer. John Moore 570 Francis \very 649 - 79 Moses Pettiugill 72 Congressman. R.chatd Yates 743- 199 John Calhoun 544 State's Attornev. Cyrus Epler 424 Win Ueer 420 Mahlon Ross 285 ELECTION. 1852. Representative. Chas 1>. Hodges 786 A. L. Knapp 711 Jacob Lurton 254 T. W lirvo.in 6" William Webb 37 106 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Sheriff. Jonathan Plowman 637 J. M. Hurd 841— 4 Clerk of the Circuit Court. Thos. h. McGill 890— 890 Coroner. William Williams 587— 310 J. O. Hamilton 277 SPECIAL ELECTION. MARCH, 26, 1853, On the question op the county subscribing $5(j.O00 toward the capital stock of the" Jacksonville & Carrollton railroad. For the subscription 1036— 798 Against the subscription 238 ELECTION. NOVKMBER, 1853. County Judge. George E Warren 653- 289 Anthony L Knapp 364 Associate Justices. Jasper M Terry 491 Churlee 11. Bowman 0*6 John N. English 354 William Loy 265 Thomas 11. Chapman 44 County Clerk. George W. Lowder 557 — 471 Charles 11. Roberts 186 J. Murray bacon 177 County Surveyor. James A. Potts 475 Levi F. McNeil 518— 43 School Commissioner. Hiram Bridges, (no opposition) 942 Treasurer and Assessor. Solomon Calhoun 937— 9:35 H. N. Belt 2 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1854. Congress. lilchard Yates, w 714— 2:14 Thomas S. Harris, d 480 State Treasurer John Moore, w 490 James Miller, d 596— 206 Senator. John M Palmer, w 724— 264 B. T. Burke, d 460 Representative. Lafayette Mcl'rillis 409 Augustus R. Kuapp 457 B. B. Hamilton 263 Sheriff. Jonathan Plowman 603 — 25 John F. Smith 578 Coroner. Benjamin Wedding 724— 297 William Williams 427 election, 1855. On the question of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors. For prohibition 841— 343 Against 498 Judge of the Circuit Court. D. M. WoodBon 1136— 1136 ELECTION. NOVEMBER, 1856. President. James Buchanan, d 702— 172 M il lard Fillmore, a 530 John C. Fremont.r 387 Congress. Thomas L. Harris 732 John Williams 769- 37 Governor. William A. Richardson, d 7-IH— 56 William A. BiBSell, a 692 Buckuer 11. Morris, r 177 Lieutenant Governor. Richard J. Hamilton, d 740— 61 John Wood, a 679 Parincnos Bond, r 154 Secretary of State. O/.iasM. Hatch 893- 90 William U. Snyder 703 Jesse K.Dubois.. Samuel li. Casey. Hiram Barber. . . . State Auditor. State Treasurer. 907 202 Tuo Superintendent of Public Instruction. EzraJenkius 208 William H. Powell 710— 10 John H. St. Mathemy TOO Associate Justices. J. Hurray Bacon 751— 25 Richard Ely 720 State's Attorney. Albert G. Burr 909— 207 James W. English 70S Circuit Clerk. Thomas L. McGill (no opposition) 1005 Sheriff. Charles H. Bowman 510 Benjamin Wedding 724— 204 J. M. Hurd 370 Coroner. C.P.Staftbrd 634 Felix Vlrney 824— 190 William Evans 18 On the question of a Convention to amend the consti- tution ot the Stale of Illinois. For 137 against 607— 470 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1857. Supreme J -idee. Edwin B. Webb 666— 497 Sidney Breese 160 County Judge. O.P.Powell 794— 385 George E. Warren 409 Associate Justices. William Williams 789— 379 Richard R. Ely 8o2— 436 J. .Murray Bacon 410 Jasper M. Terry 366 County Clerk. Andrew Jackson 671- 5:15 Thomas P. Wilson 330 Assessor and Treasurer. JohuT. Smith 777— 364 E.M.Smith 413 Surveyor. Henrv M. Chase 708— 217 Josiah White ■ 491 School Commit Henrv H. Howard 82S— 480 Joseph O. Hamilton 348 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. KiT ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1858. Congress. Thomas L. Harris 1059— James H. Matheny 574 JuliuL. McCounell " State Senator. Ant bony L. Knapp 1032— Alexander B. Morean 600 Representative Francis P. Rush 1016— C. M. Hamilton 596 State Treasurer. William B. Fondey 1051— James Miller..... 593 John Dougherty 9 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Augustus C. French 1054— Newton Batemau 581 John Reynolds 12 Sheriff. Charles H. Bowman Mil- John L. Johnson 8U2 Coroner. Lewie Johnson 1036— James B. Veitch 496 SPECIAL ELECTION JANUARY, 1859. Congress. Charles D. Hodges 641— James C. Conkhng 368 ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1858. Congress. John A. McCleruand, d 72r,— John SI. Palmer, r 453 Assessor and Treasurer. John P. Smith, d 730— Robert Darlington, r 405 School Commissioner, William J. Herdman, d 605- Pennel Corbett, r 552 ELECTION NOVEMBER, I860. President, Abraham Lincoln, r 910 Stephen A. Douglas, u. d , 1291— John Bell.e 105 John C. Breckenridge, 6. d 11 Congress. John A. McCleruand, d 1318— Henry Case, r 1*77 Go nor. Junes 0. Allen, d 1 1S03— Richard Yates, r '.'">l John T. Smart, c 66 Thomas M. Hope, s. d 8 Lieutenant Governor. Lewis W. Koss, d 1295- Brancis A. Hoffman, r 946 A. C. Blackburn, c 58 Thomas Snell, 8. d 11 Secretary of State. George H. Campbell, d 1295— Ozaia K. Hatch, r 952 Jamas Monroe, e 58 B. T. Burke, s. d 11 State Auditor. Bernard Arntzen. d 1288 - Jesse K. Dubois, r 954 James I) Smith. C 59 Harrj S. Smith, » d 11 State Treasurer. Hugh Maher. d 1241— 3S6 William Butler, r 865 Jonathan stamper, c 58 William H, father, s. d 11 Superintendent of Public Instruction. Edward K. Roe, d 1292— 35 Newton t'.atcinau. r 953 D. I. Snow,' c 58 John II. Dennis, s. d 11 Representative. John N. English, d 1299- 311 Benjamin F. Slaten, r 988 State's Attorney. James W. English, d 1275— 300 James lee. r 975 Robert Hitt, c 19 Circuit Clerk. M.E. Baglcv.d 1092- 133 Thomas 1. ilcGill, r 957 Sheriff. William H. Cummings. d 1229— 154 Benjamin Wedding, r 1075 Coroner. Lewis Johnson, d 1285 325 W. B. Slaten, r 959 On the question of a convention to amend the consti- tution. For 771 Against 1658-^897 On the question of township organization. For 1129— 539 Against 890 SPECI AL ELECTION, 1861. Congress. Anthonv L. Knapp.to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John A. McCleruand 610 Delegates, Constitutional Convention. William II. Allen 1229— 607 D. M. McKinney 022 Judge of Supreme Court. Sidney Breese 258— 258 Clerk Supreme * unit. Noah Johnson 306— 306 Circuit Judge. D. M. Woodson 360— 360 ELECTION. 1861. County Judge. Richard I. Lowe .'. 184i— 1842 Associate Justices. Larkin Richardson 1159— 458 William Williams 701 Jacob l.urton 1113— 193 Arch i bald Craig 92J County Clerk. Andrew Jackson 1150— 453 Samuel W. Davis 697 County Treasurer. John E. Van Pelt '. 1203- 506 James S. Peairs 037 School Commissioner, William J. Herdman 1136 — 673 L. M. Cutting 706 Surveyor. George I. Foster 1251— 673 11. M. Chase 578 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 18&2. Congress— At Large. Samuel C. Allen, d 1259— 723 I;, t [ngersoll, r 536 108 HISTORY OP JERSEY COUNTY. Congress— 10th District. 1256 5:17 1279 1256— MB 1259— 534 1258— 533 1202— 55S 1285 853 841 849 L546— KIT 1537— 832 82S 1539— 825 I5jl— 1540— 828 1539— 827 1538— 828 1534— 831 ons. 1.-.37— aiu 1544- 819 1538 1137— 121 ,93 1538- 824 719 730 725 647 729 705 711 '26 712 710 712 7111 703 707 725 644 714 BLhCTIOK, 1865. County Judge. (). I>. Powel 351 302 382 356 303 442 474 4S1 472 368 513 338 510 271 867 ,879 877 881 876 Stats Senator. County Clerk. Thos 11. Simmons 018 Treasurer. Alexander Starne, d Superintendent of Public Instrncli John P. Brooks, d County Treasurer. J. T. Ross 611 Representative. John N Knglish. (1 Benjamin K. Childs, r Sheriff. Surveyor. Oeo I. Foster 966— Superintendent of Schools Coroner. ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1863. Assessor aud Treasurer. ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1866. Cougress— At Large. 1407— Cougr. es-inth District. School Commissioner. Surveyor. ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1864. President. George li McClellan.d State Treasurer. .... 14*1— 942 Superintendent of Public Inetrt John M. .rebs, d ction. 1418— Congress- At Large. James U. Allen, (I She rift'. H. C. Mussey. r Coroner. 857 Congress— inin District. Governor, Richard J. Oglesby, r ELECTION JUNK, I8l»7. Circuit Judge. Charley D. Hodges, (no opposition) Clerk Supreme Court. 581 James C. Robinson, d Lieutenant-Governor S. Coruii g Jtldd.d Secretary of Slate William A. Turney, d ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 18ti7. Ar-Bee>or tin l Treasurer. State Auditor. John Hise, d O. H Miner, r State Treasurer. James H. Beveridge, r Representative. Ji hu McDonald, d Surveyor. ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 18fi8. Presid* ut. 1998- Carlin Twitcbell, r Superintendent oi Public Instmcti John P. Brooks, d Congress -At Large. W. W. O'Brien d John A. Logan, r 2007— .... 1128 Newton Batcmau, r „ Clerk of Circuit Court. Emmor linnton. r Congress 10th District. Allien ^i. Burr, d 80^7- Slate's Attorney. William Brown (no oppositioni Sheriff T. J. Selbv. d Governor. John R Eden, d Lieutenant-Governor. William 11 Van Kpps. d 2009— 1128 2005— 1129 William Billings, i . Archibald Craig, r F. W. Beeterfeldi, d Brook Statl'ord. r HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY 109 Secretary f State. Gnstavus Van Hoorebeke. d 2004— Edward Ku nmel, r 1133 Auditor. John R ShaiiiiDii, d 2007— Charles S. Lippincott, r 1130 T 'eaeurer. Jess .1 Phillips, d 2003— Erastus N Bat 8, r ... 1133 Attorne} General. Fober E Williams, d .. 2«04— Washington Dustmen, r 1132 Keprescrtattvc. Thomas I!. Fuller, d SSOi— J 'AdirII.i H31 Penitentiary Commissioners. John W Connett.d 2004 W M Garrard, d soul Calneh Z.irlev, d SW04 Andrew Shannon 1133 John Iteid.r HM Robert E. Logan, r 1133 Member Board Equalization. W. H. Reed, d 2006- JamraH Vunausdall. r 1133 Strte's Attorney. William Brown, (no opposition) 201T Circuit Clerk. M. R. Baglev, d 2018— Emmor Brinton, r 1121 Bherifi. Henry B II 1568— Henry Dougherty 108-1 Jauieb McMuuey 466 Coroner. Sidney Noble 1978— H. F, McNeil 1135 On the Question of a Convention to Amend the SI Constitution. For 746— Against 548 ELECTION, NOVEMBEB. I860. County Judge. J. M. lltird 1149— David E Beaty T 14 County Justices. Charles Noble 1221 George W Gorin 1135 Isaac MrCollister 774 James Downey 752 Clerk of Court- Thomas T Selbv 1016- John C. Darby ' 874 Treasurer. .1- Im F Smith 1110— James W. Calhoun 770 Surveyor. George I Foster 1097— Linus llumiston. 751 Superintendent of Schools. Chat lea II. Knapn 1196— i M Brady 684 De'egate to Convent on. Robert A. King 1122 - George E. Warren 771 ML. HON. JULY, 1870. On the Question of a new Constitution For 557 Against 498 Supreme Judge. Antbom Thornton 763— Aaron Shaw 187 KLI-C ION, NOVEMBER, 1870. Congress— At Large. William B. Anderson 1286 - John A. Logan 887 Congress— 10th District E. Y Rice '. 1290- J. W. Ki chel] 891 State Senator. William Shepb rd 1*71 .1 M Bush 1282 George E. Warren B79 Tho-nae U Flynn 88) Representative. George W H rdman 1048 Robert A. King nhb Benjamin F cyids 911 Emmor Brini on. 1002 State Treasurer. Charles Hidgelv 1289- Erastus N. Bates 888 superintendent ot Public Inatruetion. Charles Fefnee 1286- Newtou Baieman 8t-7 Penitentiary Com mi -shiners. Francis T. Sherman 1287— Elmer Washburn 887 T la- Uetimool (to till vacancy) 1285- Casper But/, (to till vacancy) . . 887 Sheriff. I harles II. Bowman 1158- Jobn C . Darby 988 Coroner. E 1. Harriott 1348- .lohn T Curliss s 't Congressman at Large, t» Fill Vacancy S S liars 1084- J. L. Beveridge 653 Cotiutv treasurer and Assessor. lames Young ....' 1090- Jau.es Burke 651 Survcor. William L. West ' 981 Henry 11 Edwards ... 731 ELECTION. NOVEMBER, 1812 President. I*. S Grant, r 1205 Horace Greeley, d.. 1431- Congress. Robert M Kuapp, d 1481- A. C. Mathews, r U91 Member of Board of Equalization. L.T Whiteside, d 1497- ChatlesH Eldred, r 1199 Governor. RichardJ Oglesby, r.... 1198 GustavueKoeruer. d 1637- Lieutenant-Goveruor. John L Beveridge, r 1201 John C. Black, d 1457- •* Secretary of State. George n Harlow, r .. 1200 Edward Hummel, d 149i>- state Auditor. Charles K Lippincott, r 1200 Daniel o'Hara, d 1469- State Treasurer. Edward Hutz r 1200 ('barks 11 Lamphier. d 1490- Attorney-General James K. Edsall, r 1200 JohuV. Eustace, d 1488- 110 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Senator. Brally P. Burke, r 1484 lina S405V4 3237 % . 389 J4 1494 1192 1 11117 iltiu 571— 381 98 820- 119 1219 911i 1216 967 134S— 818 57 1252— 887 1234 1216 1239 970 929 951 1528- 1135 1519— 1155 1215 HI4— 1475— 1201 1843 n. 1242 1633— 1228 91 1488— 4 232 302 190 701 273 249 528 365 393 364 199 274 186 391 260 Sheriff. 1330 . 99 1436 1399 96 ation. 1294— 1057— 1009 25 11 . 980 1000 1120— 913 . 65 1345 12 , 2159— 1330 1349 2164— 12 1343 2170 1343 , 2171 1348 2135— 12 1349 2172— 1346 2172— 12 2176— 1342 2106— 1329 61 151 105 97 191 48 207 821 829 815 827 828 787 822 826 834 Daniel E. Beaty, d Representative, A L. Virden George E. Warren ... Coroner. County Commissioner. Clerk of Supreme Court. K. A. I). Wilbanks, d JohnW. Campbell, r SPEIIAL ELECTION, FBB. 15, 1873. si.. [ill- Stephen H. Bowman, to fill vacanev cause by death of C. H. Bowman . On the (Question of Township Organic For Against ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1875. County Treasurer. John P. Stout Thomas O'Donmll M. C. Stauly Surveyor. ELECTION, JUNE, 1873. Circuit Judge. D. M Woodson N.M. Knapp Cyrus Eplor Supreme Judge. County Commissioner. William!! FulkerBon ELECTION NOVEMBER 1873. County Judge. ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1876. President. Rutherford B. Hayes, r Clerk. Thomas J. Selbv d Treasurer. Horatio N. Belt, r Congress. Robert M. Knapp, d Joseph Bobbins, r Governor. Shelby M. Cullom, r Superintendent of Schools. Mrs. E. Halstead County Commissioners. William H. Allen Lieutenant-Governor. Isaac R. Ely State's Attorney. Secretary of State. Circuit Clerk. State Auditor. John Uise, .1 Sheriff. Coroner. E. L. Harriott State Treasurer. Edward Rutz, r George Gundlach, d ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1874. Congress. David E. Beaty Attorney -General. Edmund Lvnch, d Miiiil.er Board of Equalization. LeviT. Whiteside, d Superintendent of Public Instructk William B. Powell State Treasurer. Thomas S. Ridgway David Gore State Senator George W. Herdman, d HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Ill Representatives. John X. English, d 2784 Hampton W. Wall, d 2729 Richard Rowett, r 8447)4 O. r. Powel, g 1336!-i State's Attorney William M Jackson, d 1912— Theodore 6. chapman, r 1490 Circuit Clerk. Marcos E Bagley, d 2086- James Burke, r 1392 Sheriff. James M Yonng, d 2017— A H. Barrett, r 1393 Coroner. Johns Williams, d 2130- ThoruasA. Kingston, r 1381 County Commissioner. John W Evans, d 1986— Brook Stafford. Sr., r 1411 ELECTION, AUGUST, 1ST". Circuit Judge. AlbertQ Burr 985— ->>n 71 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1877. Count Judge. EiobertA Kins, d 2708— i William U. Po;iic. p 100 Clerk. James Eads. d 1445 — Harryl Alien, r 1428 Peari Combs, p 57 Treasurer Thomas O'Donnell, d 1409— M. W Nelson, p John P. Stout, r 1355 Superintendent of Schools. Lott Pennington, d 1577— Leonard M. Cuttiog.r 1278 John A. Blennerhassett, p 35 County Commissioner. William L. Ruvle, d 1419— Archibald Craig, r 1405 William R. Mears, p 3b On the Question ol" an Appropriation to Complete Stale Capitol. For 935— Against 784 ELECTION. NOVEMBER, 1878. Congress. James W Singleton, d 173S— : William H. Pogue, p James P. DimmMt. r State Treasurer. John C. Smith, r 074 Edward L Coukrlte, d 1558— ErastusN. Bates, p 540 Jerome li Gorin 50 Superintendent Public Instruction. Kate L. Hookius 05 James P Siade, r 674 Samuel M Etter.d 1558— Frank 11 . Hull, p 532 Representative. John X English 229-o. Hampton W Wall 1732S4 George E Warren 1628 James A. stsrr 109 y-: z Jotham A. Scarrltt 842 Supreme Clerk. Jacob O Chance, d 1504— 890 Adam Knoph. r 668 George liinick.p 62 Appellate Clerk. J> hn D.Harmon, d 1571— 904 1. Ullen,r 607 Pearl Combs, p 57 County Attorney. A. A Goodrich, d 1771— 1060 A M Slaten.r 710 OB. Hamilton, p 5 Sheriff. •I nnes SI. Young, d 1670— 1140 Willi m ford, r 536 William Mc Bride, p 02 John W. Vinson, i 521 Coroner. John S. Williams, d 1663—1049 John T. Curliss, r ... M4 William Bowker, p :>7 EL. Harriott, i 465 Counlv Commissioner. Samuel B. Foree ... .'. 1440— 375 Ephraim Chappell 665 H.X.Beit 687 P. D Cheney 1 On the (J;;estiou of Township Organization. For 1459— 307 Against 1092 On the Qu' etion of an Amendment to the Constitu- tion. For 1985- 182! Against 158 On the Question of Domestic Animals Running at For 1312— 113 Against 1199 ELECTION. .11' VE, 1879. Supreme Judge. John Schofield (no opposition). 1519 Circuit Judge. Cvrus Epler. d 1873 Albert li. Bnrr.d SOS Lym in Lacy, 'I 892 Nathaniel W Bron-on. r 6Vi ■ lames T Hoblit, r 648 Herbert li. Whitlock, r 623 ELECTION. 1879. Countv Treasurer. Tims. O'Donnell 1207- 306 John C Darhv 828 W. H U. West 73 County Survevor. D J . Murphv 1171- 249 11. D Edwards 801 Geo. I. Foster 121 BPBOIAL ELECTION, .lANTAEY, 1880. Tre iBurer .John A. Shephard (no opposition) 815 ELECTION. NOVF.MIlKIt. 1880. President. WinfleldS. Hancock, d 2107— 759 James A Garfield, r 1348 James B. Weaver, g 123 Congress James W Singleton, d ... 2104— 756 William D Edgar, r 1348 A B. Allen, g 119 112 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Governor Shelby M Cullora, r 1327 Lym»u Trumbull, d 2t»08— 771 Alsou J. Slrealor, g 149 Lieutenant-Governor. John M . Hamilton, r 1342 LewisB. Paisous.d 2114- 772 Andrew B. Adair, g.. i2ti Secretary of State. llunrv D. Dement, r 1349 John II. Obery.d -2111— 766 J. M. Thompson, g 124 Stale Auditor. Charles P. Swigert, r 1347 Lewis C. Starkel, d 2109— 762 WiLiam T.Ingram g 124 State Treasurer. Edward Rutz. r 1345 Tii«mas Butlerworth, d 2110— 765 George W. Iivaus, g 121 Attorney General. James McCartney, r 1347 Lawrence Harmon, d 2109- 762 G. 11. W hillock, g 124 Senator. Charles A. Walker, d 2 05- 740 Urville A. Suedaker, r 1365 John It. t>aragiitv,g 1 Representative. John N. English, d '. 2123" J A N Yannccv d Mill'; Belfuur Cor.eu, r 3BU2 S. V. Keller, g 11,'. Member of Board of Equalization. Egbert B. Brown 2109- 758 Charles M. Grammer 1351 Stated Attorney. Adam A. Goodrich 216-;— 2154 Morris K. Locke 28 Circuit Clerk. Jesse I McGready, d 1883— 390 Benjamin Wedding, r 1493 Thomas a. Reeves, g 114 Sheriff. Henry C Massey, d 1995— 505 Charles C. Bu/.by, r 1-190 Coroner. Caleb DuHadway, d 2134— 748 James F. Greary, r 1388 On the IJuestiou of an Amendment to the Constitution . For 1981— 144.; Against 535 SPECIAL ELECTION, .H'NE,1882. Circuit Judge— To till Vacancy. George W llcrdman ELECTION, NOVE.MBEU, 1882. Congress. James M. Riggs. d 1566— 795 James W. Singleton, r 771 1 hilip N . Min'ear, g 319 superintendent of Public Instruction. Henry liaub, d 1663— 618 CharlesT. Stratton, r 1015 I lizabeth B Brown, g 21 State Treasurer Alfred Oroudorff, d 1664— 621 Ji !i" C Smiil loin John G. Irwin, g 19 Frank M. Bridges, d 1658— 611 Thomas II. Sinilh.r 1047 Representative. Walter E. Carl in. d ... 2581!4 George W. Murray, d 2391 John H l oais, r- 3094 Duncan C. Mclier, r 6 On the Question of an Appropriation to Complete the State Capitol. For 1631—1108 Against 523 On the Question of Ceding the Illinoi- and Michigau Canal to the Uuiled States, For 1154- 420 County Judge. Clerk. James Eads, d 1493— 297 Edson A. Dudge, r 1196 Sheriff. Charles 8. Frost, d 1614— 528 Thomas F. Hansel, r lOtJti Coroner. Caleb Du Hadway, d 1682— 554 Wesley Park, r loso Treasurer. John A. Shephard, d 1706 — 697 John H. lieaty, r 1009 Superintendent of Schools. Lott Pennington, d 1583— 484 M J. Hoffman, r 1099 ELKC1ION, NOVE.MBEU, 1884. President. James G. Blaine, r I:'07 G rover Cleveland, d. 2ol4— John P. St. John, p 80 Benjamin F. Butler, g 1 Cougress. Milton J. Riggs. d 2023— Thomas J. Black, r 1310 .1 A Wallace, p 73 H.J Parker, g 2 Governor. Richard .1 Oglesby, r 1304 Carter H. Harris d 2034— James B. llobbs, p 72 Jesse Harper, g 1 Lieutenant-Governor John C. Smith, r Henry Sciter, d ... James L. Ferryman, p A. c. Vanderwater, g Secretary of State. Henrv D. Dement, r 1300 Michael J. Duugheity. d. 2916— 716 Charles W. Enos, p 98 11. E. Baldwin, g i Auditor. Walter li Carlin. d . A exander B Irwin, p E. F. Reeves, g Treasurer. Jacob Gross, r Alfrer' Oiendorft', d Uriah f-app Bei.j miu N. Goodhue, g HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 113 Attorney-General . George Hunt, r 1301 Robert L. McKinlay.d 3030— 719 Hale Johnson, p 73 J. N. Gwin, g 1 Member of Board of Equalization . Samuel R. Chittenden 2045— 715 William H Ellis 1310 Representatives. Henry C . Maseey 3058V4 Byron McEwre, 2968 Theodore S. Chapman 3839 Jehu H Reeves 248 D.A.Trulter 5 Supreme Clerk. Ethan A . Snively, d 2027— 734 Thomas L. McGrath, r 1293 Appellate Clerk. George W . Jones, il 3024— 719 I. W. Sheptaard. r 1305 State's Attorney. A. A. Goodrich, d 2066— 790 James F GreatLouse, r 273 August Berger 1 Scattering 2 Circuit Clerk. Jesse I. McGreadv. d 2033— 753 Robert T. Brock,' r 1280 Cory P. Edsall, p 94 Coroner. E. L. H. Barry 2001— 675 J. Tidhall 1326 Surveyor Daniel J. Murphy 2023— 729 Henry D. Edwards 1294 WE. Kingsley 81 Om Question of Levying a Tax to Build a County Jail. For lmi— 426 Against 1188 On the Question of an Amendment to the Constitution. For 2109— 1858 Against 251 On the Question of an Appropriation to Complete the State Capitol. For 3843— 2714 Against 128 SPECIAL ELECTION, APRIL, 1885. State Senator— To fill Vacancy Occasioned bv the death of F. M. Bridges. Robert H Davis 633— 6U9 E.Wilson 11 AM. Hackley 12 ELECTION, JUNE, 1885. Circuit Judge. George W. Herdman 1007— 34 Cyrus Epler 968 Lyman Lacy 973 CHAPTER VIII. JUDICIAL. Man, a finite being, is of a necessity, from His nature, an imperfect creature, and as such requires that laws, both human and divine, shall be enacted, with the penalties attached for their violation, for his government. Ever since the day when our first parents, Adam and Eve, were placed in the garden of Eden, with the injunction tip let the fruit of a certain tree alone, with the penalty for trans- gression attached, man has had to have some law to govern him, or he descends to barbarism or rapine. Through a long line of law-givers and legislators, we trace the laws of the present back to the decalogue, given to the tribes of Israel when they wandered in the deserts of Arabia, the underlying prin- ciples of which arc the fundamental basis of all modern law. Circumstances and surroundings have changed since the days when that alone was needed, and the present complex and often prolix laws are the superstructure built upon the foundation of the "ten command- ments." The existence of laws implies the ex- istence of courts wherein all questions of law shall be determined and inter- preted. This fact, so patent, being de- termined, the framers of the state constitution instituted certain courts of justice, eaeh with well defined powers. Changes have been made, from time to 114 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. time, in the jurisdiction of these courts, hut the rights of every citizen, of high or low degree, have ever been main- tained. Among the men who took a part in laying the foundation of this portion of the state of Illinois, there is, perhaps, no class that stands out more promi- nently than the members of the bench and bar, and Jersey county has had the honor of having contributed some of the ablest men to this portion of govern- ment. Of these, in their turn, it is now the pleasure of the historian to pre- sent a view. Many of the sketches of the talented men who have occupied the bench in some of these courts are meager, but, they having passed from this arena of active life, but little can be gathered respecting them, although no pains have been spared to make this chapter as full and complete as possible. The first term of circuit court in Jersey county, convened Nov. 25, 1839, in a small frame school house which then stood in the southwest corner of the old Morean place, now owned bj; John Smith. That building was after- wards removed about two squares further northwest, when it was owned by Mrs. Abijah Davis as a dwelling. It was torn down in the summer of 1884. It was also the first school building erected in Jerseyville. Judge William Thomas, of the first judicial circuit, presided at this session. The certificates of appointment of Robert L. Hill, clerk, John N. English, sheriff, and Nelson R. Lurton, coroner, were produced, with the oath of office endorsed «thereon, and were ordered to be recorded, together with the bonds of the several officers. The sheriff returned the panel of grand jurors selected and summoned for the body of Jersey county. The following constitutes a list of those present : Elijah Van Home, William Draper, John D. Gillham, Thomas Hamilton, Samuel L. McGill, James Davis, John Corson, George Hoffman, Josiah Rhodes, John Hawkins, Henry Coonrod, Maben Anderson, John Kim- ball, George Smith, John Brown and Robert B. Robbing. Elijah Van Home was selected and sworn as foreman, and the other members of the grand jury were sworn and charged by the state's attorney and retired to consider the du- ties assigned them. The first case which came up for hearing before this body was that of J. M. Hurd, for the use of Ezra Hurd, plaintiff, against John W. Slaten, de- fendant, being an appeal from the jus- tice's court. John W. Scott and Ed- ward M. Daley, plaintiffs, against Al- exander H. Burrett, defendant, being an action for trespass, was the second case. Both cases were continued by the attorneys who appeared for the par- ties concerned. The first state case was that of "Wil- liam Dixon, alias Captain Dixon, in- dicted for passing fictitious notes and for forgery, This called into requisition the first petit jury, which was composed of the following named gentlemen: Jos- eph Duncan, James Ritchie, Josiah Jackson, John Keyes, Thomas H. Chap- man, Richard Simmons, Moses Cock- rell, Ambrose S. Wyckoff, Chilton Smithe, Isaac Barree, William Palmer, William K. Miner. The jury found the defendant guilty, in the manner and form as was alleged against him in the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 11.", indictment of the grand jury, and in- structed that he should be confined in the penitentiary fora term of four years. The day following, the court executed the verdict of the petit jury, by sen- tencing defendant to 4(i months at hard labor in the penitentiary. Dixon was also held for larceny, by an indictment of the grand jury, but the attorney for the state refused to further prosecute the case, and it was consequently dismissed. After completing the balance of busi- ness which came before the court, an adjournment was had until the next regular meeting. The next term of court convened April 30, 1840, Judge William Thomas presiding. Nothing worthy of particu- lar mention in thi> connection appears in the record of this session. The next term of the court began on Oct. 28, 1840, Judge Thomas still pre- siding. At this term, the first murder case, of which Elias Cockrell was defendant, was heard. The defendant pleaded "not guilty," and tiled his affidavit and moved the court for a change of venue, whereupon the court ordered that the venue be changed to Greene county. At the following term of court, which convened April 26, 1841, Judge Samuel I). Lockw 1 occupied the bench for the first time in this county. He pre- sided at every session until that of Sep- tember, 184N. which was his last in that capacity. In conformity with the provisions of the general assembly of Illinois, at their last session, the court, at the April term, of 1843, appointed Robert L. Hill master in chancery of Jersey county, and the said Hill being present, accepted the appointment, took the oath of office and tiled a bond with security, approved by the court, in the penalty of $2,000. At a meeting of the Jersey county bar and officers, before the convening of court. Sept. 13, IMS. the following resolutions were adopted in honor of Samuel D. Lockwood, circuit judge. A. W. Caverly, the oldest member of the bar, was selected to read and tender the resolutions for the acceptance of Judge Lockwood, about to retire from the ju- dicial circuit. These resolutions were as follows: Whereas, the Honorable Daniel ]). Lock- wood will shortly retire from the judicial station which he has su long and eminently adorned, theretore, Resolved, that the members of the bar can- not let the occasion pass wit hout expressing their profound respect for the purity of his life, and then admiration tor Ins distinguished hearing as a jurist. Resolved, that on the contemplated re- tirement of Hon. Judge Lockwood from the public service, we will take our leave of him with unfeigned regret. The uniform courtesy and urbanity which hasever characterized his intercourse witli t tie liar and the people; his learning, dignity, impartiality .mil strict honesty as a judge, ha\ e endeared him to us all, and in bidding him farewell we tender to him the anient wishes of our hearts that his future days to a good old age may lie unclouded and serene. Resolved, that while the memory of the pleasant intercourse betwixt Judge Lockwood and the liar of the circuit court must in a great measure pass away with the lives of its members, we rejoice that the opinions de- livered by Judge Lockwood, as a justice of the supreme court, of which he has long lieen a distinguished member, constitute a monument to bis ability and learning as a judge, upon which the bar of Illinois will ever look with respect and admiration. Resolved, that these proceedings be signed 116 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN TY. by the chairman and secretary, and a copy of the same be presented to Judge Lockwood, and a like copy to the court, with a request that they bespread upon the records, and that they be published in the different newspapers of the circuit. Resolved, that A. W. Caverly, Esq., as the oiliest member of this bar, be requested to pre- sent the foregoing resolutions to the court, with the request that the same be spread upon the records. After reading the resolutions Mr. Caverly remarked: "In behalf of my professional brethren of this bar, I now present you a copy of these resolutions as a tribute of our admiration and re- spect, and beg your acceptance of the same." Judge Lockwood, on receiving the copy, replied: "I accept them. My heart is too full to say more." At the term of court, which convened May 14, 1849, Judge David M. Wood- son presided for the first time in this court. He occupied the bench at every session of the court in this county from that time until April, 1867, with the ex- ception of the October term, 1851. He was born in Jessamine county, Ky. , May 18, 1806. His parents were Samuel H. and Ann R. (Meade) Wood- son. His father was a leading lawyer in Kentucky, and had several times represented Jessamine county in the state legislature. In 1831, David M. was himself elected to the legislature, on the whig ticket, and cast one of the votes which elected Henry Clay to the United States senate. When elected, Mr. Woodson was carried through the streets of the village in which he lived, on men's shoulders, which attested his popularity, even then. On the 6th day of October, 1831, he was married to Lucy McDowell, daughter of Major John McDowell, of Fayette county, Ky. He came to this state in the autumn of 1833, and chose Carrollton, Greene county, as his future home, and then returned to Kentucky for his fam- ily, whom he brought out the following year. He had studied and practiced law in Kentucky, and when he came to Carrollton, entered into his partnership with Charles D. Hodges, which contin- ued 14 years, being terminated by the election of Mr. Hodges to a judgeship. His first wife died in Kentucky, in Au- gust, 1836. He was again married, Nov. 1, 1838, to Julia Kennett. At the sesimi of the legislature of 1838-39, he was elected to the office of state's attor- ney, to fill a vacancy to which he had recently been appointed by Governor Duncan. In August, 1840, he was elected to the legislature from Greene county. In 1843, he ran for congress, from the 5th district, against Stephen A. Douglas, but was defeated. He was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1847. The next position to which he was elected was the circuit- judgeship of the first judicial district, which he held until 1867, when* he re- tired from the bench. He was elected to the house of representatives from Greene county, in 1868, on the demo- cratic ticket. He was the father of one son, by his first marriage, John M. Woodson, of St. Louis. By his second marriage there was one child, a daugh- ter, now the wife of H. C. Withers. The October term of 1851 began on the 20th day of the month. It was pre- sided over by Judge 0. C. Skinner, and this was the only term not presided over by Judge Woodson, from the first one until his retirement from the bench. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 117 Court met Oct. 14, 1867, with Charles D. Hodges on the bench, he having succeeded his law partner, Judge Wood- son. Judge Hodges presided at every term for about six years, the session beginning .March 17, 1873, being his last in this county. Court convened Sept. 22, 1873, with Judge Cyrus Epler occupying the bench. Judge Epler like those who had preceded him in that capacity, had been widely known for his legal attainments before being elevated to the bench, and while occupying that position in this circuit, added largely to his reputation for wis dom and brilliancy in his profession. Judge Epler presided at each term of court until that of September, 1877. At that session, which began on the 24th day of the month, Judge Albert G. Burr occupied the bench for the first time in this county. Charles S. Zane, then of Springfield, now chief justice of Utah territory, presided at the term commencing Sept. 22, 1879. Judge Burr presided at each subse- quent sitting of the court, until he was succeeded by Judge Cyrus Epler, at the March term, 1882. Judge Epler also occupied the bench at the term begin- ning Sept. 25, 1882. George W. Her dm an, the present judge, presided for the first time at the March term, 1883. George W. Herdman is a native of the state of New York, and was born March 6, 1839. In the fall of 1854 he located in Jersey county, having previ- ously removed to this state with his parents. His early life was spent on a farm. At the age of 24 years he com- menced the study of law, and in the spring of 1867 received a diploma from the University of Louisville, Ky. He commenced practice in Jerseyville, the same spring. In the fall of 1870 he was elected to the legislature as repre- sentative from Jersey and Calhoun counties. In 1876 he was elected state senator, and served four years. In July, 1882, he was elected judge of the 7th judicial circuit, to fill the un. expired term occasioned by the death of Albert G. Burr, and in June, 1885) was re-elected for a term of six years. He has also been a member of the Jer- seyville board of education three years. In February, 1880, he was united in marriage with Helen A., a daughter of James W. Parrish. He is a democrat. GHAPTRR IX. JOURNALISM IN JERSEY COUNTY. The inception of journalism dates from remote ages. The institution now known as the newspaper was ante-dated nearly 1,000 years by manuscript pub- lications, in which the accounts of pub- lic occurrences and familiar gossip was made known to the citizens of imperial Rome, seated upon her seven hills. 118 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. These sheets were known by the name of "Acta Diurna;" but their issues were at all times irregular, and in times of scarcity of news totally suspended, the editor either engaging in some other calling, or indulging in the sports of the day. But little progress seems to have been made for many years in this branch of business, until the early part of the 17th century. Frankfort-on-the-Main claims to have produced within her walls the father of modern newspapers. She claims that Egenolf Emm el, a book dealerandbook printer of Frankfort, in the period of that city's greatest literary prosperity, was the first in Europe to issue a news- paper at regular intervals in the shape in which we see them to-day. This honor of priority of newspaper produc- tion has been considerably contested, but unsuccessfully. Emmel first pub- lished a weekly, Frankfurter Journal, in 1615. The Nuremburgers say that Wendelin Borsch published a newspaper in their city as early as 1571; but there is no proof that this was anything more than the fugitive leaves which had then become pretty common in the great trading centers of Europe; and as the English claim their first regular news- paper to have appeared in 1622, and the French in 1631, to Frankfort must be left the honor of Egenolf Emmel, the father of newspapers. The precursors of Germannewspapers were the small, printed, flying sheets issued in the latter half of the 15th cen- tury, under the titles Relatione, t or Neue Zeitung (New 'Puling*), which, however, only made their appearance at irregular intervals, generally to record some event of more than ordinary note. These reports are said to have existed as early as the middle of the 15th century; the oldest mentioned are from the years 1457-1460; though the oldest copy now preserved in the university library at Leipsic bears the date of 1494. But these Relations or Tidings cannot he looked upon as the germs of the modern press. The beginnings of the German newspa- papers are to be traced in the written commercial correspondence of the mid- dle ages. The editorial bureaus were the counting-rooms of the great mercan- tile houses, which had their agents transmit information to them from all parts of the world then open to com- merce. But as these sheets were almost private, they were of little service to the world at large. As Gutenburg's invention won its way, and the large trading houses entered into communica- tion with each other and with their various governments, which had an equal interest in the information con- tained in the commercial correspond- ence, types were introduced into the trading bureaus, or the written corres- pondence was placed in the hands of the special writers, and a regular system of printed correspondence was inaugurated. Venice is usually awarded the honor of first printing this commercial corres- pondence in the NottzieScritte, which was at first written and exhibited in certain public places; but Germany was not long in following her example. A collection of "28 volumes of this printed commercial correspondence, from the years 15(>8 to Ki04, was taken with the library of the celebrated Fug- ger family, to the imperial library, at Vienna, in 1G06, and is of great histori- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 119 cal importance, connected, as it is, with the Rothechild house of the middle ages, These reports contain not only commercial intelligence, but political and social news from the districts and countries, which then were attracting the attention of Europe. Many reports an- written by eye-witnesses, and official documents relating to incidents de- scribed, are frequently transmitted. When important political information is reported, the source from whence it is procured, is generally given. Others, again, contained literary departments corresponding to the feuillton of the European press of to-day, bringing graphic descriptions, accounts of popu- lar festivities, manners and customs: accounts of the discovery of America, of the conquests of the Turks, and local occurrences, such as all sorts of fearful signs in the heavens, wonderful animals, and misbirths; accounts of executions, inundations, earthquakes, burning of witches, and child-murders committed by bigots, together with prophecies and warnings — the editorials of to-day — con- nected with passing events. News then came to hand very slowly. An Indian overland post required eleven months to get to Europe, and 40 or •">() days were required for a letter to get from Con- stantinople to Vienna. Naturally enough, as the papers gained a more ex- tended circulation, the jealous govern- ments began to look after them; and history knows whole series of govern- ment ordinances, issued from Paris to Rome, condemning them as destructive to soul and body. The idea of issuing a newspaper at regular intervals, that is, every week, first originated in the mind of Egenolf Emmel, of Frankfort, and with his Frankfurter Journal, which made its ap- pearance in 1615, the transition from the irregular publications, such as the /,'. lationen, to the newspapers, was made. The same journal still flourishes, and the house from which it was first issued, may yet be seen. The Journal appeared as a weekly up to the year 1740; then it appeared oftener; in 1795, it appeared rive times a week, and subsequently be- came a daily. In England, the mental appetite was fed by the News Letter, a. manuscript production, which was only furnished at fabulous prices. It was in 1622, as above mentioned, when the first English newspaper was born. This was The Weekly News from Italie end Germanie, which was printed upon a mechanical contrivance, perfected by one Nathaniel Butler, who is thus the progeniter of the English press. The first attempt at the publication of parliamentary reports was made in 1641, when the parties and politics of the realm first occupied a place in the newspaper. It was some seven years later, in 1648, when the first advertisement appeared. This was in verse form, and was an invitation to call upon a fashionable tailor of the period, and purchase of him the styles then in vogue among the beaux. The pioneer daily morning newspaper of the world was the London Courrnt, which was initiated in 170!*, and con- sisted of only one page of two columns, each five paragraphs long, and was made up from translations from foreign jour- nals. The revolutions in journalism during the present century have been of so stupendous a type as to be almost beyond comprehension, were we not brought face to, face with the fact day by day. In this country, from the ad- vent of the Boston Nenos Letter, in 17(14, unto the present time, when the United States can boast of its 962 daily, and over 8,000 weekly papers, seems a tre- mendous step in the forward march of improvement, but is only a forerunner of what may be the achievements and power of an independent press in a free, republican country in the future. Jersey county has had considerable opportunity to test the value of news- papers, as aids in building up its busi- ness centers, and making known its re- sources and advantages to the outer world, while the ennobling influences of the press has been incalculable; and, as a general thing, its citizens have always manifested a liberal spirit of en- couragement toward the various jour- nalistic enterprises that have originated in their midst, and which support is rapidly growing in extent and volume. It would be almost impossible to esti- mate in a money value, the advantages derived by Jersey county, in a business point of view, from the influence of the press, but it is beyond all cavil inesti- mable. At all times the press has, in advocacy of local interests, called into requisition respectable, and in many instances, eminent talent, which has a tendency to inspire its citizens, as well as friends, with hope and confidence in its prosperity. As patrons of the press, as would be expected of those who people it, Jersey county's citizens have established a good name. As records of current history, the emanations of the local press should be preserved by town and county gov- ernment among the archives for refer- ence. These papers are the depositories wherein are stored the facts and the events, the deeds and the sayings, the undertakings and achievements, that go to make up the history of the day. One by one these things are gathered and placed in type; one by one these papers are gathered together and bound, and another volume of local, general, and individual history is lard away imper- ishable. The volumes thus collected are sifted by the historians, and the book for the library is ready. There should be some means devised by which press records might be pre- served and made accessible. This is, of course, attempted in all offices, but by the removal of editors, who claim the files as their property, and a general carelessness on the part of all inter- ested, in many instances the files are sadly deficient. BACKWOODSMAN. This was the singular title of the first newspaper ever issued within the lim- its of the county of Jersey. It was es- tablished in the year 1837, at Grafton, by Paris Mason, who was sole proprie- tor ; but the editorial management was under the control of John Russell, quite a noted and talented gentleman. He was a native of Vermont, born at Cav- endish, that state, July 31, 1793. He entered Middlebury college in 1814, against the wishes of his parents, and was driven to the drudgery of author- ship by the stern necessity of procuring funds for his education and living. His first venture in this line was " The Au- thentic History of the Vermont State Prison," published by Preston Merri- field. He was a noted school teacher, after leaving college. While teaching in Bonhoniinie bottom, Missouri, in 1819 or 1820, he wrote for the Missowrian, a local paper, an anonymous article entitled, " The Venomous Worm," that much resembled in pithiness, pungency and brevity the writings of Benjamin Franklin, which attracted attention over the world. It was afterwards placed in Pierpont's and in McGuffey's readers, as a specimen of native talent He took charge of the Backwoodsman on its inau- guration, and remained at the helm of that paper until the organization of the county, in 1839, when he removed to Louisville. Ky., and, in 1841 and 1*42, edited the Advertiser, of that place. In 1828 he came to Bluffdale, a very ro- mantic place in Greene county, where he made his residence, except at such times as related above, until the day of his death, Jan. 21, 1865. As a writer (and he was considerable of an author! his language was chaste and classical, his style clear and concise, although sometimes vigorously ornate; his taste was pure ami his thoughts always ap- propriate and frequently striking. In 1839, when Jerseyville was made the seat of county government, a joint stock company of Jerseyville people purchased the paper and material and removed it to the county seat, and in the spring of 1840 its publication was resumed, with A. S. Tilden as editor. This gentleman did not remain long, but was succeeded by Fletcher and Par- enteau, who had obtained control of it and changed its name to that of the NEWSPAPER. This paper had a life of only about four months, when the office was de- stroyed by fire, and it never was revived. Mr. Fletcher afterwards started and pub- lished the Carrollton Advocate fin 1842. THE DEMOCRATIC UNION. During the year 1854, the above named paper was established at Jersey- ville, by Thomas Wright, who came from Indiana. The Unitrn was the first democratic paper ever published at Jer- seyville. Its publication was continued by Mr. Wright until 1856, when it was suspended and he left town. The fol- lowing year Henry H. Howard revived the paper, and was succeeded in 1858 by John C. Doblebower, who continued to publish the Union until the 1st of April, 1865, when it was discontinued. The following valedictory appeared in the last issue of that paper: " We approach the above subject with feelings of the greatest regret. We are filled with compunctions because the change we have recently made from the editorial chair of the loved and cherished Democratic Intuit to that of the Alton National Democrat, while it has, perhaps, been an advantage to us, has resulted in the death of our old friend. This was wholly unexpected by us, nor did we know such was the intention of the com- mittee to whom we sold, until the ar- rangements were so far completed as to make it unadvisable to negotiate upon that point. * * * * * * " To our friends and patrons in Jersey county and elsewhere, we return our hearty thanks for the liberal and con- stant support they have given us; we shall cherish their friendship and kind- ness to the latest moment of our fu- ture existence. We should be pleased 122 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. if that kindness and liberality should follow us into our new relations, and hope to tuive the pleasure of receiving a share of their support and patronage while we shall occupy our new position as the editoi of the daily and weekly Alton National Democrat. To the editor and the paper that shall succeed us and our paper, the Democratic Union, we wish the most unbounded success; and we welcome both into the field of journal- ism in Jersey county, hoping that they may successfully maintain and defend the good old cause of Jeflersonian dem- ocracy." The office material was purchased by a stock company, and a new journal was immediately inaugurated in Jersey ville, which was christened THE JERSEY COUNTY DEMOCRAT. The first issue of this paper appeared April 7, 1865, under the editorial man- agement of Augustus C. Smith. It was a seven-column folio, all printed at home and displayed a good amount of adver- tising — the life and existence of a coun- try paper at that time. Mr. Smith con- tinued in editorial charge of the Demo- crat until the issue of April 20, 1866, when the stock company was dissolved, and Thomas J. Selby became editor and proprietor. With the issue of October 1), 18611, Mr. Selby disposed of the paper to A. A. Wheelock and L. L. Burr. On that date of the Democrat, the follow- ing notice of the change was made by the new proprietors: "The undersigned, having purchased of T. J. Selby the Jerseyville Democrat, appear before the old friends and patrons of that paper confident that with their effort and co-operation, the enterprise will prove a success. They come with- out promises or pledges, save only the discharge of their duty as public jour- nalists, and with the determination to devote their time and talent to the best of their ability, to build up and main- tain a local paper that shall reflect the interests and advance the prosperity of the citizens of Jerseyville and the county. "The name of the paper will remain unchanged. Its politics will be demo- cratic, aiming, at all times, to discuss political questions fairly and candidly, and reserve the right to condemn cor- ruption and wrong, wherever brought to light. The support of the public generally is respectfully solicited." With the issue of September 29, 1S70, Wheelock & Burr sold the Democrat office to J. A. J. Birdsall and J. I. McGready, formerly of the Macoupin Times. In the first issue, under the control of the new firm, the following salutatory appeared. "Having purchased the office of the Jersey county Democrat from Messrs. Wheelock and Burr, with the present issue, the undersigned assumes its con- trol and management. "It is customary upon such occasions to publish a long salutatory, full of pledges and promises, ami abounding with fine words. We shall do nothing of the kind. It is one thing to promise and another to perform. Any man can tell what a good newspaper ought to be. Few men can make one. Without at- tempting the former, we shall try our best to accomplish the latter. "The only pledge we have to make is, that it shall he as good a newspaper, and as soundly democratic, as we know- how to make it." HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 12:; Mr. Birdsall was connected with the paper about one year, when he retired and Mr. McGready became sole editor and proprietor, [n. the issue of Oct. 27, 1871, speaking of the change, Mr. Mc- Gready says : "Having purchased Mr. Birdsall 's in- terest in tlic Democrat, the responsibility of continuing the paper devolves upon myself. 1 hope to be aide, in a short time, to present to the people of Jersey county a paper in every way worthy of their support, one, at least, equally as good as is generally published in a place the size of Jerseyville. Of course, I shall look particularly to the democracy of Jersey county for encouragement and support. The paper will he 'demo- cratic at all times and under all circuni- Btances.' I therefore call upon all the democrats to give me whatever support they can in the way of subscriptions, advertising and job work. It lias been said by some one who has evidently made the matter a particular study, that 'money makes the mare go,' and it will make a printing office just as 'goish.' " From this time until 1880, the Demo- crat was under the exclusive control of Mr. McGready. During that time, he brought it to a high standard in journal- ism in this part of the state, and be- came very popular with all classes, M ith- OUt regard to political belief, and also enjoyed a most prosperous existence. At the beginning of the new year of 1880, the Democrat was changed in form to a six-column eight-page paper, pre- senting a very neat and tasty appear- ance, in which form it has continued permanently. Mr. McGready disposed of the paper to its present editor and proprietor, J. M. Page, Nov. 11, 1880, after a most successful career of over ten years. In severing his connection with the Democrat, in the last issue un- der his supervision, he took occasion to say: '•Having sold the Democrat office to Mr. J. M. Page, our management with the paper ceases. We return our thanks to our friends for the liberal patronage and encouragement extended us during ten years connection with the demo- cratic organ of Jersey county, and ask that it be continued to the new proprie- tor, who is in every way worthy of the confidence of the party, and the people generally. Subscriptions up to Octo- ber 1st, and advertising and job work up to Nov. 1, 1880, will be payable to me. With our best wishes for the read- ers of the Democrat, we bid them good- bye." On presenting himself to the friends and patrons of the Democrat, Mr. Page indulges in a salutatory which appears in the issue of November 11, couched in the following language : "Having purchased the Democrat of its late proprietor, .les^e I. McGready, whose retirement from the paper is caused by his election to the office of circuit clerk, we offer our salutatory to our friends in to-day's issue. We shall continue the Dcmocratio its present form for a while at least. It will still be dem- ocratic politically, and we shall striv« to in till into the minds of our readers the true meaning of all that the phrase signifies, feeling, as we do, that the well- fan' of this country needs patriots not only to tight for its perpetuity when as- sailed by enemies, but to preserve it from the peculations of unscrupulous officeholders, the tyranny of demagogues 124 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. and the machinations of ambitious party leaders. These evils to be shunned are to-day found in the bosom of the repub- lican party, nurtured and protected by it, and unless throttled by the honest yeo- manry of the country will sap the vital- ity of our free institutions. Men whose characters have been weighed in the scales of public opinion and found want- ing, even when balanced by friendly hands, have been elected to fill the two highest offices in the gift of the people, and we see in the near future a plot to overthrow the constitutional liberty of this. country, and establish on the ruins thereof a monarchial government, against the thought of which the feeling of the patriot should rise above that of the partisan. The perpetuation of our pres- ent form of government, we believe, is in the success of democratic principles in the field of politics, and we shall en- deavor to impress this upon the minds of our readers until the sun shall rise upon this nation to find it freed from sectional strife, and a man seated in the presidential chair who will be put there by the honest vote of a free people, honestly counted, and not a political demagogue. We shall strive to make the Democrat a newspaper in fact as well as in name, and to succeed in this, ask all our friends to aid us. If you know of an item of interest tell it to us, that all may be enlightened. All personal- ities calculated to engender bitterness of feeling, one towards another, we shall try to exclude from our columns; but if such do at any time appear, don't come at us with a shot-gun, for that will do no good, but if told in a gentlemanly manner, we will make the amende honor- able, and be more careful in the future. Ed. Gray will still have charge giving personal supervision to all job work; and we ask a liberal patronage from our citizens for this class of work, guaran- teeing satisfaction in all cases. In look- ing over our subscription list we notice the absence of the names of some of our prominent democrats. This should not be, as every party needs an organ, and in order for that organ to discourse first- class music to its patrons, the bellows should be tilled by a high-pressure sub- scription list. This inspires the editor with enthusiasm, and his paper is filled with the vitality consequent thereon. We have a host of friends in this county who have often remarked: ' Joe, if we can do anything for you, let us know;' and we wish to say to them: Now is the time; come up with your $2.00 for a year's subscription to the Democrat, give us your job work, and tell us all you know, that we may tell it to others. The length of time intervening between this, our salutatory, and our valedictory, will depend entirely upon the success of our enterprise, as we do not intend to sacrifice ourself upon the altar of our country, and when we die have written as an epitaph upon our tombstone: ' Here lies a fool, who thought he could run a newspaper without being possessed of either money or brains.' We shall publish the paper at the old place of business, and will always be happy to greet our friends in our sanctum. In closing this article, we quote an item from the Johnson county, Nebraska, Journal that applies to our case exactly: 'If you like the paper, help extend its circulation. If you don't like it, if it will relieve your feelings any to swear at it or its editor — pitch in.' ' : HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 125 Since the accession of Mr. Page to the editorial chair of the Democrat, it has continued to enjoy a most flattering patronage. The paper is a six-column quarto at the present time, neatly printed, and manifesting in its make-up the oversight of a practical printer of first-class ability; ably edited, and with a large amount of spicy local matter and pungent editorial comment. Joseph M. W . Page, editor and pro- prietor of the Jersey County Democrat, is among the business men o( Jersey county who have, by the exercise of industry, energy, a sterling character, and of their natural abilities, won for themselves an honorable station in life. He is a native of Stoughton, Massachu- setts. Elisha Page, his father, was born in the same state, and was united in marriage to Almira Wightman, of Bos- ton. She still survives her husband. By this union there were five children, three of whom are living — Lizzie H., who has been a teacher of high stand- ing in the Stoughton high school, Bos- ton, during a period of over 30 years; Elisha W., farmer and grain dealer, Girard, 111.; and the subject of this sketch, who was born May 20, 1845. His father dying when Joseph was only three years of age, the responsibilities of real life rested heavily upon the mother and older members of the family, who were compelled to provide for themselves at a time when more favored youths were receiving an education and fitting them- selves for the battle of life. Joseph received a good education in the public schools of Stoughton. He graduated at the age of 16, just at the opening of the late civil war, and yielding to those patriotic desires which so marked his career in after life, he enlisted in the 12th Massachusetts infantry; but after the usual examination to qualify as a soldier, he was not permitted to be mus- tered in. to his bitter disappointment, on account of age and ill-health. He returned home, where he remained attending school until the next year, when he again enlisted in the 35th Mas- sachusetts regiment, but was rejected for the same reason as on the previous occasion. In the spring of 1863, he bade farewell to friends and companions of the home circle, and launched his craft upon unknown currents, steering to the west. He landed at Greenville, Bond county. 111., where he was em- ployed to work on a farm. Soon after lie went to St. Louis, and engaged him- self as a clerk in a wholesale grocery store, where he worked diligently for some time. Being irrepressible and thoroughly imbued with patriotism, he still desired to serve his countryin time of need, and again offered his services to the government. This time he en- listed in the 40th Missouri infantry, in August, 1864, was accepted, and served till, the close of the Avar, being mustered out in August, 1865. He served under Generals Canby, Schofield and Thomas, taking an active part in various cam- paigns. He was in several engagements in different states — at Spring Hill, Co- lumbia, Franklin, Nashville, second battle of Corinth, Mobile and Fort Blakeley. After the close of the war, he returned home, where he remained nearly a year, and in the spring of 1866, again came west, this time to Jersey- ville. He had now reached the age of 21, and upon his arrival his aggregate capital amounted to 25 cents. Then 126 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. was shown the true metal of his charac- ter, for at this age how few young men would entertain the ambition to appren- tice themselves for a number of years to learn a trade and call for the sufficient will power and energy to accomplish the object they have in contemplation. This, Mr. Page did. He engaged him- self with Wm, Embley, architect and builder, for a period of three years, to learn the carpenter's trade, receiving for his services, the first year, the sum of $100, and $25 additional for each of the following years. Being apt, as well as industrious, he soon became a skill- ful workman, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship, was employed as fireman, witha lucrative compensation, by X. F. Smith, Jr., for whom he worked until 1877, when, on account of of threatened disturbance, occasioned by strikers who boldly disregarded law and order throughout the entire country — he having gained by his fearless. upright manner the confidence of the people and a reputation for undaunted hra very — was unanimously elected city marshal, his predecessor having been removed. Soon after he was elected, an incident occurred that now confirmed the respect and esteem in which he was held by the people. With the assist- ance of hut two officers, Kinsla and Dunphy, he recaptured a train that was taken complete possession of by several hundred strikers, captured the leaders, and brought them to the bar of justice. They were sent to the penitentiary for a term of two years. He succeeded in subduing the mob spirit that had been gaining ground in the vicinity. For this meritorious conduct, he was pre- sented with a family pass by General Manager McMullin, of the Chicago & Alton railroad. It is gratifying evidence of the manner in which he was endorsed by this people, as he was elected with- out opposition for four successive terms. In November, 1880, he resigned, and purchased of Jesse I. McGready, who had been elected circuit clerk, the Jer- sey County Democrat, the official organ of city and county. He has continued the publication of this news journal to the present. Under his ownership and vigorous management, many improve- ments have been added the office has been equipped with an Acme engine and large Campbell printing press, the paper has grown to lie the pride of the party it represents in this county, has proved a paying investment, and continues to be one of the most potential democratic organs in this congressional district. It is in a great measure due to his efforts as a worker, and t<> the political articles published in his paper, that the county has remained so strongly democratic. Politically, he is most soundly indoc- trinated in the principles of the demo- cratic party, and has been an active member of that political organization since he cast his first vote for Seymour and I'dair, in 1868. In political cam- paigns he has taken an active part, is an effective campaigner, and his time and services are in great demand in all interesting political times. He has held various offices of public trust at differ- ent times, among which have been city alderman, clerk and treasurer, is now chairman of city and county democratic central committees, secretary of con- gressional committee, 12th district, member of central committee of 7th circuit, secretary of Jersey County Soh HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 1127 cliirs' Monument Association, and of the Jerseyville Manufacturing Co., Sir Knight Commander of Washington di- vision No. ■_', C. R. K. of P., Chancel- lor Commander of Antioch lodge No. 6- r >, K. of P., Post Commander of Lowe post No. L'()"«, G. A. R., member of Jer- seyville lodge No. 295, A. F. A A. M., and of Apollo lodge No. 877, K. of H. His fidelity to public trusts received still further evidence of the approbation of the people by his being appointed by the three judges of the 7th circuit as master in chancery of Jersey county, in the spring of 1885. In all his under- takings he lias been eminently success- ful, and it is evident that all he has accomplished has been through his own efforts, and that, too, from very disad- vantageous beginnings, when he had no friends — not even an acquaintance, and in a strange land, thrown upon his own resources. His success in life is only an evidence of what can be accomplished by the exercise of sober industry, backed by an indomitable will-power. The world's measure of success is success. On the 17th of March, 1871, he was united in marriage with Sadie M. Remer, who is of American parentage, a native of New Jersey. Her father and mother. Mr. and Mrs. Abram Remer, are yet living, and are residents of Jerseyville. Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Page are both con- sistent members of the Baptist church, he having joined in 1871. They have one child — Theodore. PRAIRIE STATE. A newspaper with the above name was established at Jerseyville, somewhere about the year 1857. A diligent search has failed to discover any of the files of it. ami therefore it is impossible to be exact as to the time. It ran along until the campaign of 1860, between Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge and Bell, in the race for the presidency. Early in 1860the republicans of Jersey county, foreseeing the gigantic struggle for the presidential office of that event- ful year, formed themselves into an association. They adopted a constitu- tion of which the following is the pre- amble: "In view of the great issues involved in the approaching presidential election, and believing that the welfare and safety of our common country is in a great measure dependant upon the success of republican principles, and that those principles, if fairly promulgated and understood, will commend themselves to the intelligence and patriotism of every true citizen of this great republic. Yet conscious of the power of the dem- ocratic party, not in its inherent strength, or the truth of its principles, but in the thorough organization and drill of its forces, who, rallying under the shibboleth of democracy, are ready to follow their leaders to the death. And being assured that a thorough and perfect organization of all the opposi- tion forces is essential to the overthrow of that party in the coming election, and that such an organization can only be effected by associated efforts in every county and election precinct throughout the country. And encouraged by the hope of redeeming our own county from the bondage of democracy and restoring her to the position she once held, a bright spot amid surrounding darkness, we, the undersigned, for the purpose of affecting such an organization at the county seat, as a center and rallying point for the whole county, as shall unite all the forces of the opposition, and lead them a solid phalanx to the polls, do form ourselves into an asso- ciation to be called the Republican Club of Jersey county." This club numbered among its mem- bers some of the best citizens of the county, and as they were much in need of a newspaper to further their political interests, arrangements were completed by which the trustees of the association — George E. Warren, J. J. Paris, James A. Barr, E. M. Smith and Harley E. Hayes — purchased the Prairie State of Augustus S. Smith, then editor and pro- prietor, for the consideration of $1,625. An agreement was also entered into at that time, with A. C. Clayton, now a resident of St. Louis, Mo., to conduct the paper for the association. The first issue under his management appeared Jan. 20, 1860. The salutatory of Mr. Clayton was a most excellent one, and would amply repay perusal, but its great length will not permit its insertion in this place. Mr. Clayton was an able writer, and conducted the paper with success and satisfaction for the association until Jan- uary, 1S62, when he retired, and the services of Lambson Williams weie se- cured. After this, the paper had a varied ex- perience until about 1863 or 1864, when it came to an end. THE JERSEYVILLE EXAMINER. The Examiner was established in Jer- seyville in 1878, the first issue appear- ing August 14. The material affairs of the office were owned by a stock com- pany known as the Jerseyville Publish- ing Company, of which William H. Pogue, James A. Barr, Horace N. Belt, William McBride and Morris R. Locke were stockholders. The paper was a neatly-printed five-column quarto, is- sued Wednesdays, J. Sterling Harper being engaged as editor. The journal was an uncompromising advocate of the temperance cause, and continued as such during its entire existence. In the first issue of the Examiner, the fol- lowing salutatory appears : " Here we are, in Jerseyville, to work in the temperance cause. We will not task your patience with a lengthy ad- dress, or profess too much ; but sim- ply and sincerely state that we desire the good of all, and to that end and for that object propose to write and speak our sentiments on the great questions of the day. The paramount subject is temperance, and in regard to it the peo- ple generally are interested. The pro- hibition of the liquor traffic would be one of the greatest blessings of the age. The Examiner will teach this wholesome doctrine, and endeavor by all honorable means to obtain a hearty endorsement from the people of Jersey county and elsewhere, and especially in the city of Jerseyville do we ask a. hearty co-operation. ***** " We will do the best we can to make the Examiner a welcome visitor in every household, filled with local and general intelligence of a high moral character, and we kindly ask each and all of you to lend us a helping hand in a worthy and noble cause." With the issue of November 27, the Examiner was leased by the editor, Mr. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 129 Harper, who continued to publish the paper but two weeks, when lie with- drew entirely. A salutatory which ap- peared in the issue of December 11, from the pen of Morris R. Locke, is explanatory, as follows: " By direction of the Jerseyville Pub- lishing Company, I assume editorial management of the Examiner. I shall hew to the line of prohibition, as an- nounced by that party, believing that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. "The news of the county and of the day will be given. " To our friends, I would say, be of good cheer ! To the opposition — ' Come with us and we will do you good.' " The paper was continued under this management until its consolidation with the Republican, which occurred Sept. 10, 18S0. THE JERSEYVILLE REGISTER. This journal was established in the early part of November, I860, by Fred- erick S. Houghawout, editor and pro- prietor. It was a seven-column folio, all printed at home, at a subscription price of two dollars ayear. Mr. Hough- awout continued the publication of the Register until the year 1867, when he dis- posed of the paperto L. Williams, fami- liarly known by his friends as " Yank." He afterward removed to Topeka, Kan., and his son, Charles F., leased the office and became its editor and publisher. In October, 186S, the office was adver- tised for sale, and later purchased by Col. (i. P. Smith, of the Jacksonville Journal, who established the JERSEYVILLE REPUBLICAN. Part of the material which went to form the new paper was removed from Jacksonville, by Frank M. Roberts, now senior editor of the Republican- Examiner. The material arrived from Jacksonville, on Christmas day, 1868, and on the first day of Jan., 1869, W. H. Edgar assumed editorial control. When the Jackson- ville Journal was disposed of in 1869 to Chapin it Clover, the latter named firm also became proprietors of the Repub- lican. The Republican, which was an eight- column folio, all printed at home, con- tinued, under the proprietorship of Chapin and Glover, with W. H. Edgar as an editor, until Aug. 25, 1870, when it was disposed of to the latter named gentleman, who then became sole editor and proprietor. The following card which appeared in the issue of the above date, is explanatory: " With this issue of the Jerseyville Republican, we transfer to Mr. William H. Edgar, who has so long and intelli- gently labored as resident editor, our entire interest in the paper, and take pleasure in commending him anew to the best offices of the people of Jersey county. He has, during his connection with the Republican, evinced an ability which is rarely met with in the editorial room of other than a metropolitan paper, and has succeeded, by his well directed efforts, in securing for the Republican a standing which is most cred- itable, and must redound greatly to the interests of the city of Jerseyville. Having done so much effective work for the city of his adoption, he certainly deserves and has reason to expect the hearty support and generous patronage of his fellow citizens. " Having become by this transfer an exclusively local enterprise, business 130 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. men may bestow their favors upon the Republican, knowing that money thus expended will be kept at home, and be used in the upbuilding of Jersey ville." * Immediately following the above card appears the salutatory of Mr. Edgar, which is appended as follows: "Having purchased the interest of Chapin and Glover in the Jerseyville Republican, I have with the present number assumed its entire control and ownership, and hope by continued effort to increase the business and usefulness of the paper, and to make it a welcome visitor in many households that it has not as yet reached. With the exper- ience of the past three years before me, I am persuaded that the Republican, with proper industry and economy, may be made one of the best and most influential weeklies in this section of the state; its circulation is to-day much larger than the average circulation of provincial weeklies, and its business patronage has steadily increased during the past year; with this showing 'tis safe to count on continued success. It is my purpose to largely increase the facilities of the office for doing every variety of job work, and to this end I shall, so fast as my means will permit, add to our already well assorted stock, the latest and best styles of job and advertising type, thus hoping to meet every de- mand, and give entire satisfaction to all patrons. It is also my purpose to make the Republican pre-eminently a local paper, i. e., by adding to its list of home contributors, and by increased effort myself to gather into its columns, weekly, all the available county and vi- cinity news, and thus hope to make the paper still more valuable as a reliable news medium. In the past we have labored under many disadvantages, which it is hoped are in a measure ob- viated by this change. The prejudice (perhaps wholly imaginary) against a foreign ownership (a circumstance which has greatly disturbed our considerate neighbor, at least, in the past,) is re- moved, and the Republican may now be regarded as a strictly home institution, wholly devoted to home interests and enterprise, and as such I do not fear but that it will receive its share of the public patronage and support. * * * * Tendering our grateful acknowledg- ments to the patrons of the paper for their kindness, forbearance and lib- eral patronage in the past, I shall hope by increased effort to merit a continu- ance of the same in the future." The Republican was edited and pub- lished successfully by Mr. Edgar for a number of years. In the issue of Sept. 3, 1880, the following notice of a business change appeared, in reference to the consolidation of the Examiner and Repub- lican, under the caption of THE REPUBLICAN EXAMINER. " As already indicated in the Examiner of this city, a consolidation of the two papers, Republican and Examiner, has been effected, the first issue under the new management appearing on the 10th inst., under the headline, Republicun- Examiner. " It is the purpose of the proprietors to make the new paper second to none of its character in this section of the state. In politics the paper will be progressively and aggressively republi- can, holding that the continued peace and prosperity of the country depends HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 131 upon a continuence in power of the republican party. Its weekly compila- tion of news, local and general, the proprietors will spare no pains or expense to make full and complete. In a word, it will lie the aim of the pub- lishers to furnish a first-class family newspaper, devoted to republican prin- ciples, to the development of home in- terests, to practical temperance, and to elevation of the moral and social stand- ard in our midst. "The Republican returns thanks to its patrons, in the past, and believing that the combination will make a more effi- cient and satisfactory journal than either alone could have been, solicits a contin- uance of their patronage and good will." The first issue of the Republican- Examiner appeared September 10th, as a five-column quarto, in which form it has since continued, Wil- liam II. Edgar and Morris R. Locke acting as editors and proprietors, under the firm name of Edgar & Locke, the latter gentleman having served as editor and proprietor of the Examiner. The following salutatory appeared in the first number of the newly consolidated journal: ''With this issue the Republican-Exam- iner makes its bow to the good people of Jersey ville and Jersey county, not as strangers, but as friends joined to- gether, with the hope that united we may be of greater service to the relig- ious, moral, social and business inter- ests of the city and county. We make no pretentious boasts of what we pro- pose to do, preferring rather to let our work speak for itself in our effort to furnish a first-class family newspaper to our patrons. Politically, the paper will be unqualifiedly republican, and we shall labor assiduously for the un- building of our party in the county and its continuance in power in the nation. In the other departments of our paper we shall know no one class or sect to the exclusion of any other, but shall en- deavor to treat all classes and all sexes witli equal candor and fairness. We thus hope with diligence in business to make our paper a valuable one, and a welcome guest in every household it may enter. With these few plain words we launch the Republican-Examiner forth on its mission, with malice toward none and charity for all, hoping the paper will prove worthy of an enlarged and generous patronage." The firm of Edgar & Locke conducted the paper until January 12, 1885, when Mr. Locke retired, and was succeeded by Frank M. Roberts, who some three weeks previous had leased the office, and who, at present, is the senior mem- ber of the firm conducting that journal. In the issue of Jan. Hi, the following valedictory of Morris R. Locke appeared: "Reluctantly I leave the editorial rooms of the Republican-Examiner, but having Bold my undivided one-half interest in the newspaper and job office of the Re- publican-Examiner to Frank M. Roberts, must of necessity make room for him. Mr. Roberts comes to the front with a ripe newspaper experience and a practi- cal knowdedge of all the various branch- es of the printers' art. I bespeak for him a cordial welcome. And, in bidding the readers of the Republican-Examiner adieu, I shall always remember their kindly indulgences and pleasant ac- quaintanceship. Before closing this brief ' leave taking,' I want to express 132 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. thus publicly my sense of obligation to the kind, courteous and gentlemanly treatment received at all times and un- der all circumstances from my late part- ner and colleague, Col. Win. H. Edgar, who remains editor-in-chief of the Re- publican-Examiner." Immediately below the foregoing ap- peared the following just and worthy comment, upon the retirement of Mr. Locke, by the new firm: "The facile pen of Morris R. Locke, Esq., will be missed in the columns of the Republican- Examiner, that gentleman having, as will be noticed elsewhere, dissolved his connection with the paper. As a partner, Mr. Locke has been con- siderate and honorable, seeking by every fair means to do justice to his business associates and deal fairly with the pa- trons of the paper. In leaving, he takes with him the kindliest feelings of those with whom he has been associ- ated, and the assurance of their best wishes for his future success." In March following, another change occurred in the management of the Re- publicom-Examiner. William H. Edgar, who had edited the paper since its advent in Jerseyville, retiring, and giving place to Will H. Hedley, one of the present proprietors. In the last issue — March 27, 18S. r >_under Mr. Ed- gar's control, he inserted the following adieu to his friends and patrons, as the sad farewell of a parent parting from a child: "After 16 years continuous service in newspaper work in Jerseyville, I yield to the pressure of other duties and lay down the pen for others, and doubtless worthier hands. To my friends I can say in parting that I reluctantly^break the tie that has so long bound us to- gether. When I recall the many bitter political struggles of the past, the ups and downs of our minority party, the different leaders who have from time to time stood at the head of affairs in Jersey county, and their hearty and cordial co-operation in the effort to up- build the republican party; when I think of this record extending through these many years — the best ofmy life, I turn from it with the feeling of one whose cherished work is still unfinished, and reluctantly bid farewell to the friends who must carry forward the work in the future. Whether much or little has been accomplished in these years, I have here sought to do what I could, not only to advance the interests of the republican party in Jersey county, but to advance as well the moral, social and material interests of Jerseyville and Jersey county. If mistakes have been made, and doubtless they have, they were of the head and not the heart. To the business men of Jerseyville I shall ever feel profoundly grateful for their lib- eral patronage and support, by reason of which I have been enabled to pass through the panics and 'hard-times' in years past without pecuniary embarass- ment, and prepared always to meet my obligations as they fell due. Such lib- erality is exceptional and prompts me to say what few publishers of provincial papers can say, that in all these years I have never had to borrow a dollar or ask for an extension, to carry on my business. My successors, Messrs. Rob- erts & Hedley, are in every way worthy the confidence and support of the citi- zens of city, and county. They are young men trained in the republican HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 133 faith and will labor in season and out of season to hold up the republican ban- ner, and being practical newspaper men, they will carry forward the busi- ness of the paper in a practical and workmanlike manner. To these skilled, active and enterprising young men, I leave the Republican'- Ejxaminer, with the assurance that they will not only main- tain the present standard of the paper, but will greatly increase its facilities for usefulness in the future." The present management, on assum- ing editorial control, wrote the follow- ing short but pithy salutatory, a speci- men of Spartan terseness, that should serve as a model to many other young ad- venturers upon the rough and stormy seas of journalism: "We are not after scalps, but after friends and dollars, and hope by com- ducting a fearless republican paper, and square dealing with all to merit both. From 7 o'clock a. m., until 9 o'clock p. in., every working day in the year." Messrs. Roberts and Hedley are both young men of ability and practical ex- perience in the newspaper field, full of push, enterprise and industry, which cannot help but redound to the best interests of not only themselves, but also the town and county in which they reside. The Republican-Examiner, at present, is a neat, five-column quarto, ably edited, and is a spicy local paper. Frank M. Roberts was born in Lan- caster, Schuyler county, Mo., Aug. 28, 184G, his parents being Thomas and Elizabeth A. (Brownj Roberts. In 1862 the family removed to Jacksonville, 111., where Frank M. learned the printer's trade, in the Journal otlice. In Febru- ary, 1865, lie enlisted in Company K, 154th Illinois volunteer infantry, and served till September, 1865, when he was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn. Returning to Jacksonville, he resumed work at his trade, and continued the same till July, 18(38. He then went to Decatur, and had charge of a job print- ing otlice till December. On the 24th ot that month he was at Jerseyville, ar- ranging presses and material prepara- tory to establishing the Jerseyville Re- publican — now the Republican-Examx with which office he was connected eight months. The following year he was in Missouri, but did not follow his trade. He, however, longed to again enter a printing office, and thus, in No- vember, 1870, accepted a position in the job rooms of the Springfield, 111., State Journal. Five months later we find him a shareholder in the Daily Leader, at Bloomington. In July, 1872, he went to Humboldt, Kan., where, during the presidential campaign, he published the Southwest. Afterwards, the paper was moved to Neodesha, Wilson county, Kan., and the name changed to the Free Press. While in Humboldt, on the 22d of December, 1872, Mr. Roberts was united in marriage with Lydia Boyce a daughter of William and Diana Boyce. In March, 187.'!, he returned to Spring- field, 111., and again entered the employ of the State Journal company. In the fall of 1873, he went to LaPorte county, Indiana, and accepted a position as trav- eling agent and correspondent for the Herald, which position he held till Jan- uary, 1874, when he went to Burlington, Iowa, and became superintendent of the Hawkmje job rooms, which were changed to Acres, Blackmail &Co., with whom he remained till the winter of 1875. During his stay lie introduced many novelties in the job printing business. He next had charge of the Cedar Rapids Republican job office, and in July, 1876, became superintendent of the Western Stock Journal and Farmer. In March, 1877. he established a job office at Oscaloosa, Iowa, and commenced the publication of the Messenger mid Appeal, a publication in the interest of the la- bor movement, and continued the same till November, 1879. He then went to Sigourney and took charge of the News. 'I'ht iiir, tn Ottumwa, and became fore- man of the Courier job room. Nov. 10, 1881, he returned to Sigourney and ac- cepted the position of superintendent (if the News office. March 29, 1882, his wife died. She had given birth to two children, one of whom — Coral F. — is still li\ ing. After the death of his wife be wmt to Chariton, Iowa, and took charge of the Democrat- Leader. July 21, 1881, he went to Santa Fe, N. M., and accepted a position as foreman of the New Mexico Printing and Publishing Company. In June, 1882, he accepted ;i position in the office of the general manager of the Tertio-centennial Cele- bration Association, and remained till after the exposition, in August. He then took a camp outfit and started out prospecting and mining. He located mines in October, and remained till April, 1884. He was then appointed to a position in the government printing office, at Washington, which he retained till September, when he returned to Jerseyville. In December, he leased the Republican-Examiner job rooms, and Jan. 9, 1885, he bought Morris It. Locke's half-interest in the paper, and in March assumed editorial charge. April 15, 1885, Mr. Roberts was mar- ried to Clara E. Buffington, a daughter of Dr. J. M. and Frances (Gordon) Buffington. Quite a romance was con- nected with this marriage, of which part will be given here as taken from the St. Louis Gtobe-Denwcrat. " The bride and groom were betrothed 16 years ago, but owing to the opposition of her parents, the nuptials were not celebrated, and they separated, she knowing nothing of his whereabouts for 13 years. In 1872 he married an- other lady, and in 1882 she died, exact- ing from him the promise that if he married again, it should be to the one to whom he was at first betrothed, if possible. Subsequently, he found her unmarried, and the sequel indicates her fidelity." Will H. Hedley was born in St. Louis, Mo., August 21, 1859. His parents, James and Mary A. Hedley, are natives of Sheffield, England, having emigrated to America about 1852. The subject of this sketch resided in St. Louis until 1869, when, with his parents, he moved to Chicago, 111., residing there one year; removing back to St. Louis in 1870. Since 1871 the life's experiences of the above subject have been rather rugged for one so young in years. In 1872 he went to Webster's Grove, Mo., remaining there about 18 months; from thence he re- moved to Barry, 111., and took up his HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 135 abode with a farmer for about nine months; he then traced his steps back to St. Louis, Mo., and in August, 1875, entered the office of the Central Ohristian Advocate, for the purpose of learning the printing business. He labored in this capacity about one year, when he once more engaged in farm life for two years; returning to St. Louis in 1878, and la- bored at the printing business there until July, 188U, when he left the latter place for Barry, 111., and entered the printing office of S. Fitch, proprietor of the Unicorn, remaining with him until March 8, 1881; at this date he accepted a position with A. Hughes, Griggsville, 111., publisher of the Press. He remained at the latter named place until Feb. 20, 1884, at which time he departed for St. Louis, Mo., and took a position in the Nixon-Jones, book and job printing es- tablishment, remaining there until Oct. 20, 1884. He then accepted a position in the state printing office of II. W. Rokker, at Springfield, 111., remaining at that place until March 21, 1885, when he came to Jerseyville, 111., and pur- chased Col. W. H. Edgar's half interest in the Republican- Examiner, and asso- ciated himself with Frank M. Roberts in publishing the paper above named. GKAFTON INDEPENDENT. This newspaper was established by Col. W. H. Edgar, of Jerseyville, in 1877, the first number appearing on the 11th day of October. It was a seven column folio; decidedly neat in appear- ance, and well filled with local news and pointed editorial paragraphs. The paper was issued from the office of the Republican, Jerseyville, where all the mechanical work was done, though the editor, Mr. R. R. Claridge, prepared all his manuscript at Grafton. Like all other newspapers, the launching of this one was accompanied by a salutatory, which was as follows: "In presenting the initial of the Inde- pendent to the citizens of Grafton and vicinity, we shall not weary our readers or friends with any learned disquisition on the mission of the newspaper, or what we propose or expect to accom- plish. This stereotyped method of salu- tation has had its day, and the world is now looking out for something practical rather than the mere visionary or ideal, A newspaper air-castle is very similar to any other kind of an air-castle, and just as likely to collapse; golden prom- ises are easily made and oft times easily broken; and a newspaper promise is possibly less value than any other kind, particularly a promise to pay. A news- paper, we may remark, is a very preca- rious institution at best, depending up- on the variable temper of the people that support it. One week the editor is popular and is credited with being a very useful citizen; the next, he is under a cloud, and is pronounced an ass of the first magnitude, and so the business suffers or prospers accordingly as the editorial barometer is high or low. It is, therefore, unwise, not to say foolish, for the mouthpiece to promise in ad- vance what tunes the organ shall play; many of them will of necessity be dis- cordant and harsh, while many will be the reverse and pleasant to hear. The Independent is a practical business enter- prise, and will be conducted as such. It is not conceived in the interest of any sect, party or class, but in the interest of the whole people, with a proper re- 136 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. gard for honesty, sobriety, justice, in- dustry and economy. These ends it hopes to subserve, and thus be worthy the cordial and liberal support of the people for whom it is intended. To merchants and business men we say, we hope to make our columns useful to you — a valuable medium for the adver- tising ofyour goods and wares, resulting we trust, to your mutual advantage and profit. To the general reader we may say, we hope weekly to furnish you with stub a budget of local and general news, as shall make our paper a welcome visitor, and one to which you may point, we hope, with some degree of satisfac- tion and pride. This is no Utopian scheme. We expect to work hard and unceasing to make the Independent use- ful and profitable to its patrons. We are not of those who expect something for nothing, but we hope to render an honest equivalent for what we get, and to merit the respect and confidence of all." The paper continued without any change of management until September, 1878, when R. R. Claridge purchased the necessary materials, and removed the office to Grafton, becoming himself sole proprietor, as well as editor. In the issue of September 20, the following paragraph, relative to the change, ap- pears: Heretofore this paper has been simply an experiment, but it may now be re- garded as one of the permanent institu- tions of the county. It shall be our en- deavor to give the people of Jersey and the lower portion of Calhoun counties a paper that they may regard with at least some degree of local pride. The prep- aration of printing the Independent at home has involved the outlay of a com- paratively large sum of money, and in addition, the expense of publishing will be considerable, therefore it will he necessary for our patrons to be as prompt as their circumstances will admit in paying their 'Subscriptions-. Our patrons have doubtless observed that in the past they have not been bored with the duns for subscriptions that are so com- mon in country papers. We have two reasons for this: First, because to do this would be very unpleasant for us; and second, we do not think it would do any good, as we take it for granted that those who are sufficiently interested in the Independent to subscribe for it, will pay their subscriptions as soon as they are able to do so. And in the mean- time, we have reason to believe that we receive as much or more money on sub- scriptions, than if we were continually reminding delinquent subscribers of their failure to pay. In conclusion, we feel justified in stating that the Inde- pendent will enter its second volume under very favorable auspices." The Independent was continued at Graf- ton until in November, 1880, when it was removed to Jerseyville, the name being changed to THE JERSEY INDEPENDENT. The size of the paper, as well as the place of publication, was changed with this issue, it coming out at the county seat, as a five-column folio. The fol- lowing is a copy of the salutatory: "Encouraged by the generous support bestowed upon the Independent during the past three years, we have moved it to Jerseyville, enlarged and improved it, and here it is. We have faith that HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 137 an earnest, faithful, independent paper, devoted to the interests of Jersey county — even such as this paper has been and will continue to be — will not be suffered to go begging for support. And as show- ing that we have not reckoned without our host, the change has been made at the solicitation of a large number of the best citizens of the county, irrespective of party — men who have stood by the paper in the past, and who will not for- sake it now. In conclusion, if by dint of hard work we can make a respectable living for our family, and at the same time make the paper of use to the peo- ple who support it, we shall be content." With the issue of April 5, 1882, Mr. Claridge closed his connection with the paper, disposing of it to Lyman T. Wag- goner, who became editor and proprietor. A. M. Slaten became identified with the paper as part owner, with the issue of June 4, 1882. The firm name was then changed to Slaten & Waggoner, the latter being the editor. Mr. Slaten soon afterward assumed entire owner- ship and control, and in turn disposed of the property to J. M. Giberson, of Elsah. In July, 1882, the paper and the ma- terial was purchased by J. M. Giberson and C. II. Kelly, of Elsah, but before a paper was issued the latter bought out the interest of his partner and became sole proprietor. The first paper under the new management was issued August 2, 1882, and contained the following salutatory. "With this issue we commence the publication of the Jersey Independent, ami hope that the following few lines will sufficiently serve to introduce us to the public. Our object shall be the dis- semination of news, and the honest re- flection of our own political opinion editorially. Another aim will be to publish a paper for our patrons gener- ally, and not to meet the views alone of any individual, class, or corporation. All promises herein contained will be fullfilled to the satisfaction of the patrons of the huh pt ikIi nt, as our every endeavor will be for that end. What we ask is the cordial co-operation of our friends and patrons, and once this is secured to us we can safely promise that a news- paper shall be secured to them. We close here trusting that our introduction will be found sufficient. In the fall of 1885, the support given to the Independent proving insufficient for its existence, the office was closed, and the paper discontinued. In October, 1885, a new journal came into existence in Jerseyville. which bears the title of THE FREE PRESS. This is owned and edited by E. T. Lurton and R. E. Smith, and is intended to take the place of the Independent. It is quite a neat and well gotten up sheet. Charles H. Kelly, the late editor and proprietor of the Independent, is a native of the state of Illinois, having been born in Alton, in December, 1848. In 1850, his parents removed to Jersey county, where Charles was reared, and where he has lived ever since. He like the other boys, attended the common district schools of the neighborhood in winter, but during the summer was en- gaged in work on the farm. His latter school days were spent at the Christian Brothers' College, at Alton, the place of his birth. Finishing his education, he 138 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY returned home where he divided his time between farming and teaching school. Politics now attracted Ids at- tention, and he was four times succes- sively elected to the office of assessor of Elsah township, and one term as treas- urer of the school fund of the same township. In 1884, after removing to Jerseyville, he was duly elected col- lector of Jersey township. He was united in marriage, in May, 1S74, with Sarah A. Darlington, and as the result of this union there have been five child- ren, three of whom are living — Bertha K., Samuel B., and Percy D. Myrtle and Willie are deceased. In politics My. Kelly is a staunch democrat, of the old Jacksonian type, notwithstanding the name by which the journal over which he presided has been known dur- ing his connection with it. During his editorial career, his general aim was always to labor in the interest ofthe gen- eral advancement and enlightenment of his country and this community in par- ticular. As an editor he was conscientous in the discharge of what he conceived his duty to his friends and party, and therefore had the confidence of many who admired his honor and adherence to his principles. THE GRAFTON NEWS. When the Independent was removed to Jerseyville, in November, 1880, Grafton was left without a newspaper. This state of affairs continued until April, 1882, when the Grafton News made its appearance, the first number coming out on the l.'5th of the month named, with J. A. McClintock as editor and publisher. A four-column, eight-page paper, it was well gotten up and edited, and was received with genuine greeting by the citizens of Grafton and vicinity. The following is Mr. McClintock's sa- lutatory, appearing in this number: "What, another newspaper? Yes sir, and this time it is to be a natural one. This is the agreement with the sub- scribers, and with that understanding I have promised to do the best I can for its columns in all that pertains to the general news and welfare of the sur- rounding country. I shall have noth- ing to do with the political questions of the country at large, and very little with such questions in any way that does not strictly interest the people of Jersey county. What we do say shall be in an independent way, entirely re- gardless of partyism, and we shall be glad to have the hearty co-operation of those who wish honestly to advance the interests of the people of Jersey county. Knowing well that there is no big bonanza in a newspaper published in Grafton, and still feeling as though the community ought to support a small paper, and that it will be for the benefit of everybody else as well as myself, I would like to ask, at least, the encour- agement the people think I am entitled to. We know many people of good judgment think a newspaper cannot live in a town of the population of this, while others, when such an enterprise is talked of, will come forward and blow their whistle long and loud about the heqi they will give, and when you get into the mire they slip off and leave you to help yourself. " What we want is good genuine friendship that will take you by the hand and help you up and let you go on your way untrammeled. I certainly HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 139 think that this side of the county ought to support an enterprise of this kind, and if even the few who are ready and willing to assist in such an undertaking will stand hy me and not expect en- tirely too much of me, I shall spare no exertion of which I am capable to make a success of the Grafton News." With the issue of Aug. 22, 1884, the name of the paper was changed to that of JERSEY COUNTY PROHIBITIONIST. No change was made, however, as re- gards editorship, form or size, but under its new name it was everything that its name implied — a strong advocate of prohibition. It continued thus, without change until the end of the year, 1884, when it resumed its former name of the Grafton News, .Mr. McClintock turning over the editorship to C. B. Edsall, and retaining the ownership himself. No changes have been made in these de- partments since that time, though the size of the paper has been altered to that of a six-column folio. Corydon Perry Edsall is a native of Jersey county, born three miles north of Grafton. He is a son of William and Lydia H. (Perry) Edsall The for- mer, who was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., settled in this county in 1838. The latter parent was born in the state of Alabama. The subject of this sketch attended the district schools of his na- tive township, and, later, the Illinois Industrial University, at Champaign, where he became fitted for school teach- ing, in which occupation he has since engaged. He has taught, altogether, 15 years, 7 years of the time in one school — Shiloh district. He is thor- oughly qualified for his responsible position, and as an instructor is highly successful and popular. He was mar- ried April 6, 1879, to Catherine Shaffer, daughter of Andrew Shaffer, of this county. They have three children, Thomas Harry, Perry A. and Lennie Edith. Mr. Edsall is a supporter of the prohibition party, and was defeated on that ticket for the position of circuit clerk in 1882. He took charge of the Grafton News, as editor, Jan. 1, 1885, which position he still occupies. He is also the representative of the .Etna in- surance company at this point, and a real estate agent. JEKSEYVILLE EVENING TIMES. This paper was established by .Messrs. J. A. Walker and .1. A. Blannerhassett. The first issue appeared on the after- noon of May 25, 1885, as a five-column folio. The initial number contained the following salutatory : "For some months past we have been frequently urged by our friends to es- tablish a daily newspaper devoted to the interest of Jerseyville and Jersey county. We have finally yielded to their friendly solicitations and with this number enter into the arena of journal- ism. The Times, an evening paper, will strictly adhere to, and advocate the principles of justice, and equity, assist in advancing every work of enterprise in our midst, and always be in the front rank in opposing wrong and defending right." On July 13, 1885, the paper was changed to a morning publication and the name altered to that of THE DAILY TIMES. Both proprietors were practical print- ers, and understood the wants of the community, and catered to it. On the 17th of Aug., 1885; Mr. Blen- nerhassett retired from the ffrm and the paper is now in the hands of J. A. Walker, sole proprieter and editor. John A. Walker, the subject of this sketch, was burn in Deavertown, Mor- gan county, Ohio, Feb. 5, 1853. He spent the early part of his life on his father's farm, and at the age of 12 years moved to Jerseyville, 111., in the spring of 1865. In 1S67 the family re- turned to Ohio, and in 1870, leaving his paternal parent there, he again visited Jerseyville, and entered the office of the Democrat, then published by Burr iV Wheelock, as apprentice. He re- mained in the office until 1873, when he went to Carrollton, Greene county, HI., und engaged as a compositor on the Patriot, published by Minor & Lindley, where on Nov. 11, 1879, he married Susie Sapp, adopted daughter of Hon. George Wright. In the spring of 1880 he moved to Jerseyville and was em- ployed on the Republican* Examiner, where he labored until May 1885, when he became the junior editor and publisher of the Jerseyville Daily Time*. He received his education in the free school of his district, and was noted for his close application to study, receiving a good knowledge of the branches gen- erally taught in the common schools of the day. CHAPTER X. THE BAR. Horace Greeley once said that the only good use a lawyer could be put to was hanging, and a great many other people entertain the same opinion. There may be cause for condemning the course of certain practitioners of the law, but the same may be said within the ranks of all other professions. Such nun should not be criticized as lawyers, doctors or the like, but rather as indi- viduals who seek, through a profession that is quite essential to the welfare of the body politic as the science of medi- cine is to that of the physical well be- ing, or theology to the perfection of moral nature, to carry out their nefari- ous and dishonest designs, which are usually for the rapid accumulation of money, although at times for more evil and sinister purposes, and which are the instincts of naturally depraved and vicious natures. None of the profes- sions stand alone in being thus affected. All suffer alike. The most holy and sacred offices have been prostituted to base uses. And it would be quite as reasonable to hold the entire medical profession in contempt for the malprac- tice and quackery of some of its un- scrupulous members, or the church, with its thousands of sincere and noble teachers and followers, in derision for the hypocrisy and deceit of the few, who simply use it as a cloak to conceal the intentions of a rotten heart and cor- rupt nature, as to saddle upon a profes- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 141 sion as«great as either, the shortcomings of some of its individual members. By a wise ordination of Providence. law and order govern everything in the vast and complex system of the uni- verse. Law is everything, lawyers no- thing, Law would still exist though every one of its professors and teachers should perish from the face of the earth. And, should such a thing occur, and a new race spring up, the first instinctive desire of its best men would be to bring order out of chaos by the enactment and promulgation of wise and beneficial laws. Law in tfoe abstract is as much a component part of our planet as are the elements, earth, air, fire and water. In a concrete sense, as applied to the gov- ernment of nations, races and peoples, it plays almost as important a part. Indeed, so grand is the science, and so noble are the objects sought to be ac- complished through it, that it has in- spired some of the noblest and greatest men of ancient and modern times to an investigation and study of its princi- ples; and in the long line of great names handed down to us from the dim and shadowy portals of the past, quite as great men will be found enrolled as members of the legal profession as any other, and owe their greatness to a sound knowledge of the principles of law, and a strict and impartial administration of them. Draco, among the first and great- est of Athenian law-givers, was hailed by the people of that province as a deliverer, because of his enacting laws and enforcing them, for the pre- venting of vice and crime, and looking to the protection of the masses from op- pression and lawlessness. It is true that many of the penalties he attached to the violation of the laws were seven 1 and even barbarous, but this severity proceeded from an honorable nature, with an honest desire to improve the condition of his fellow man. Triptole- mus, his contemporary, proclaimed as laws: "Honor your parents, worship the Gods, hurt not animals." Solon, perhaps the wisest and greatest of all, a man of remarkable purity of life and no- ble impulses, whose moral character was so great and conviction as to the public good so strong, that he could and did refuse supreme and despotic power when thrust upon him, and thus replied to the sneers of his friends: Nor wisdom's plan, nor deep laid policy. Can Solon boast. For when its noble blessing Heaven poured into his lap, he spurned them from lii i ii. Where were his sense and spirit.when inclosed lie found l lie choicest prey, nor deigned to draw it t Who to command fair Athens hut one day Would not himself, with all his race, have fallen Contented on the morrow V What is true of one nation or race in this particular is true of all, viz: that the wisest and greatest of law-makers and lawyers have always been pure and good men, perhaps the most notable ex- ceptions being Justinian and Trilionia- nus. Their great learning and wisdom nabled them to rear as their everlast- ing monuments the Pandects and the Justinian Code, which, however, they sadly defaced by the immoralities and excesses of their private lives. Among the revered of modern nations will be found, conspicuous for their great ser- vices to their fellows, innumerable law- yers. To the Frenchman the mention of the names of Tronchet, LeBrun, Por- 142 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. t.ilis, Roederer and Thibaudeau, excites a thrill of pride for greatness and of gratitude for their goodness. What Englishman or American, either, hut that takes just pride in the splendid re- putation and character of the long line of England's loyal lawyer sons? The Bacons, father and son, who, with Lord Burleigh, were selected by England's gn-itest queen to administer the affairs of State, and Somers and Hardwieke, Cowperand Dunning, Eden, Blackstone, Coke, Stowell and Curran, who with all the boldness of a giant and eloquence of Demosthenes, struck such vigorous blows against kingly tyranny, and op- pression; and Erskine and Mansfield, and a score of others. These are the men who form the cri- terion by which the profession should be judged. And in our own country, have we not names among the dead as sacred, and among the living as dear? In the bright pages of the history of a country, founded for the sole benefit of (he people, who, more than our lawyers are recorded as assisting in its forma- tion, preservation, and working for its perpetuity? The American will ever turn with es- pecial pride, to the great Daniel Web- ster, Henry Clay, Jo Daviess, Rufus Choate, William Wirt, Taney, Marshall, and hundreds of others, who reflected the greatest honor upon the profession in our own country. Among the truest and best sons of this state are her law- yers, and even in this county, some of her most highly esteemed and most re- sponsible citizens are members of this noble profession. The first practicing attorney to locate within the bounds of what now consti- tutes Jersey county, was Martin B. Miner, who came to Jersey ville in 1840. He was born in Addison county, Vt., March 22, 1805, and was a descendent of one Henry Bullman, a miner, who had his name changed to that of Miner, by King Edward III, of England, for his loyalty in furnishing 100 men from his mines, all armed, when that king started on one of his wars. His ances- tors came to America in 1630. Martin B. was educated in the schools and academies of his native state, by his own exertions, and read law with Her- man Allen, M. C. of -Burlington, Yt. He was admitted to practice in the supreme court of that state in 1834, and was married to Laura S. McNeil, in January, 1836. In tin' fall of 1836, they removed to Illinois, locating at Wood- burn, but in the fall of 18117 moved to Alton, and in the spring of 1840, to Jersey ville. He practiced law for over 30 years, and died a resident of this city in October, ls?4. The second attorney was C. H. Good- rich. H. H. Howard was the third attorney to locate in the county. When he first came here he taught a private academic school. He afterwards practiced law, for a while alone, then took into part- nership his nephew, A. L. Knapp, who afterwards represented this district in congress. Mr. Howard was at an early date editor of the De 'ncratic Union, a newspaper in Jerseyville. About the close of the war he left this place going to Kansas, where he is probably now living. W. K. Titcomb was the next to locate in Jersey county, and practice law. In 1847 or 8, he left here for St. Louis, Mo., and during the cholera epidemic of 1849, he was assiduous in his attentions to the sick, as nurse and attendent, and taking the fell disease, became a victim. William P. Chestnut came next. He did not remain in practice here fur any length of time, dying at the National Hotel of small-pox. Aimer C. Hinton, practiced law for some years at Jerseyville. He after- wards inherited some property in the neighborhood of Garrolton, and removed there. He, in after years became par- tially insane, and in one of his spells of aberration of mind shot himself. Robert M.. and Anthony L. Knapp, have both been prominently identified with this honorable profession in this county and vicinity. Both of these gentlemen — brothers — were so fortunate as to represent this district on the floor of the national house of representatives, in which connection sketches of them are given. E. A. Pinero practiced law in Jersey- ville for some years, first alone, then in partnership with T. J. Selby, and later with that gentleman and George W. Herdman. Thomas J. Selby was admitted to the bar in 1869, but did not engage in the practice of law for a few years. In 1876, the firm of Pinero and Selby, was formed as above stated. Mr. Selby was prominently identified with the oilier of county clerk, and is mentioned at length in that connection in the chapter en- titled National, State and County repre- sentation. W . Ames, while a partner in the law firm of Warren, Pogue and Ames, was a member of the legal fraternity of Jersey countv. He left here about 1871. Among other members of the bar of past was Robert A. King, who was a member of the -27th general assembly, in which connection, he is noted at length. Atone time a young lawyer by the name of John W. Merrill was in part- nership with R. A. King, and practiced at this liar for a short time. The bar of Jersey county at present, comprises some of the talented of the past and the rising legislators and states- men of the future. Many of them are well known professionally, and a few are just rising into public favor. The following list embraces all of them : George E. Warren, George W. Herd- man,' William II. Pogue. 0. B. Hamil- ton, A. M. Slaten, T. S. Chapman, Morris R. Locke, A. A. Goodrich, Joseph F. Greathouse, Joseph S. Carr, Thomas Ferns, ' William M. Jackson and George F. Lane, the latter a resi- dent of Elsah. Many of these gentle- men having filled official positions are noticed at length in that connection, for which the reader is referred to the chapters in relation to the courts of the county, and the national, state and county representation. Adams Augustus Goodrich, a son of Henry <>. ami Jane A. (Knapp) Good- rich, and a prominent lawyer of Jersey county, was born at Jerseyville, Jan. 8, 1849, and was educated in the graded schools of his native place and at the military academy at West Point, which he was obliged to leave on account of impaired health, in his fourth year. He spent nearly two years in Colorado and California, and returned with his health completely restored. He then read law at Jerseyville and Springfield, with 144 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. his maternal uncles. He was admitted to the bar in Jan. 1873, and since that time has been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, at Jersey ville. He has a good reputation as a lawyer, and manages cases entrusted to him with ability and care. He is studious and painstaking, and a young man of much promise. Thus, by nature stu- dious and ambitious, lie is sure to suc- ceed in life, if health will hold out un- der the strain brought to bear upon it. He held the office of city attorney three terms, and was elected state's attorney in 1878; re-elected in 1880, and again in 1884, and is the present incumbent. Po- litically, he affiliates with the demo- cratic party, and is a rapidly rising character in the political field of the future. He is a Blue lodge Mason and Knight Templar, an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias. " He has been through the last two orders, holding all the offices of the local lodges. Thomas F. Ferns, the present city attorney of Jerseyville, is a son of John and Hannah (Hays) Ferns, and was born in this city July 25, 1862. His father, John Ferns, was a son of Thomas and Margaret Ferns, and was born in Trenton. New Jersey, on the 4th day of March, 1832, He settled in Jersey county in 1835. He was married in September, 1860, to Hannah Hays, and two children were born to them— Thomas F. ami Margaret M. In politics he was a democrat, in religion a Catholic. Our subject was educated in the schools of Jerseyville, graduating from the high school in 1882. In October, 1883, he entered the St. Louis law school, from which institution he graduated June 10, 1885. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in March previous to his gradu- ation. He immediately opened an office in Jerseyville, and commenced practice. He is a member of the West- ern Catholic Union, of which he is one of the supreme trustees. In politics he is a staunch democrat. Allen M. Slat en, a member of the Jerseyville bar, was born in this county in 1842. His parents were J. W. and Ann F. (Pickett) Slaten. He attended the common schools, and awhile at Kendall college, also taking a commer- cial course. He clerked for his father at Grafton, and afterwards ran a store at Otterville. He was admitted to the bar in August, 1883, after which he commenced practice. He is now a member of the firm of Hamilton & Slaten. Joseph F. Greathouse, was born near Milton, Pike county. 111., March 10, 1839. He resided upon a farm, with his widowed mother until he was 17 years of age. He then commenced teaching school, which he followed, suc- cessfully, until the breaking out of the civil war, when obeying the call of his country, he enlisted as private in Co. I, 99th 111. Inf. regiment. This was in 1862. In I860, he was made regimental quartermaster, and remained in that position until the close of hostilities. Returning home, he studied law with John B. Henderson, of Louisiana, Mo., from 1866 to 1869, and was admitted to practice as an attorney-at-law, by the rules of the Supreme court of the state of Illinois, in the year 1870. He opened an office and practiced his pro- fession at Pittsfield, 111., for 10 years, hut in the spring of 1880, removed to East St. Louis, and in 1882, to Jersey- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 147 ville, where he now resides, and prac- tices his profession. He was married Sept. 19, 1861, to Nancy L. Binns, and by virtue of this marriage there has been boTn unto them rive children — Dora, Lenore, Valeria, Gertrude and Nina. Judge Geoige W. Herdman, the pres- ent circuit judge of this circuit com- menced the practice of law in Jersey- ville in the spring of 1867, having just graduated. He is ranked among the prominent attorneys of this section of the state and is accorded high rank as a judge. He is noticed at length in the chapter in relation to the courts of the county. Joseph S. Carr, attorney at law, is a native of St. Charles, Mo., where he was horn in the year 1832. His parents were John Carr, a native of Lexington, Ky., ami Elizabeth Mary Ann (Sum- ner) Carr, who was born in North Caro- lina. John Carr was murdered in the old City hotel at St. Louis, in 1840. Mrs. Carr died in 1873. The subject of this sketch was reared in St. Charles, re- ceiving a liheral education, graduating at the old St. Charles college. In 1869 he came to Illinois, and located in Kane, in Greene county, where he en- gaged in the practice of law until 1883. He then removed to Jersey county, continuing the practice of his profes- sion in the city of Jerseyville, where he now resides. May 10, 1859, he was united in marriage with Georgie Ann Logan, a native of Callaway county, Mb. They had eleven children, nine of whom are now living, Bettie E., Lois. Ernest H., Louis M., John, Josephine, Fritz, Festus and Georgie E. He was bereaved by the death of his wife in 1881, and in 1883 was married to Etta Cory, a native of Jersey county. By this marriage there is one child, Etta May. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1881 Mr. Carr was chosen to represent his district in the state legislature and served one term. He is Deputy Grand Master of the state in the I. 0. 0. F., and a member of the Knights of Honor, also of the Knights of Pythias. George F. Lane was born in Havana, Mason county, 111. His father was a minister of the M. E. church, and died while the subject of this sketch was a small lad. His mother was left awidow, with George and his sister Minnie to support and educate. The mother then removed to Lebanon, 111., and gave to her children all the advantages of an excellent education that could be afforded by the McKendree College, located at that place. For several years George did not follow any busi- ness very long, but was what is termed wild. In the year 1874 he became a student in the office of H. H. Horner, a real estate lawyer of that place, and what success has attended George F. Lane's efforts he attributes to the teach- ing of Mr. Horner. While in the law office, and while yet a student, George was chosen city attorney, and filled the office in an acceptable manner to the people. After his admission to the bar he commenced business for himself, and did well, until sickness compelled him to quit work for awhile. He moved to Elsah in 1879, and has resided in that place since. In regard to offices that he has held since he came to Jersey county, we can say he was elected town- ship clerk in 1880; elected justice of the 148 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. peace in 1881, and re-elected without opposition in 1885. He has not been engaged in active law practice since 1878, but has devoted his time to real estate and loan business. His office is in Elsah, where he has a good library of law, as well as books that are to be found on the shelves of private libra- ries. He was married to his wife — Emma Stephany — on Christmas day, 1883, and their union has been blessed by one child, an infant. George F. Lane is a man who tries to enjoy life, and is happy when he sees others enjoy- ing themselves. He is a young man yet, only about 30 years old. He is at present the president of the board of trustees of the village of Elsah, to which office he was chosen unanimously. His office is the general meeting-place of the old business men of his town- ship, and all matters of interest, either of the village or township, are talked over there. In politics he is a democrat of the Douglas democracy, and the ex- Union soldier has in George a friend who is always ready to help him get his pension papers in shape, and was never known to charge a pensioner a cent for his labor. CHAPTER XI. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. It has been justly said by one of the deepest thinkers and most philosophic of men, that a physician is the most un- fortunate of men, as he is expected to cure men, and keep them well, when they violate the very laws of their ex- istence, every hour of their lives. Hence the life of the active practitioner in the healing art is no sinecure, at the best, as any one who has followed the profession can testify. Twenty-five to thirty years ago it was rather a serious matter to be a physician and to make the long and toilsome rides, through this then newly and sparsely settled country, when there were scarcely any roads, and no bridges, and the adventurous disciple of Galen was frequently lost on the wide prairie, and often floundered through sloughs. Often in the muddy days of spring or fall, he found, on emerging from some particularly miry place, that his girth has broken, or some equally important part of the har- ness damaged, and alone on the wide expanse of wind swept prairie, with night coming on, he must stop and re- pair it, with fingers numbed with the cold, and energies exhausted by a hard day's labor. The medical profession is an honor- able one if conducted in an honorable manner. John Quincy Adams called it "the most honorable of the professions." And one of our eminent physicians in speaking of it, uses the following words: "The doctor certainly feels proud to relieve the pain and distress of his pa- tients; to soothe the dying pillow, and to comfort the afflicted friends. But the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 14'.) people are sometimes imposed upon by pretenders, who claim to cure all the 'ills flesh is heir to,' and to raise the dead, but we think the days of miracles have passed — are there too many doc- tors, or lias the profession lost all honor? The peopleseem to be growing weaker and wiser, but at the expense of vigorous health — the system of cram- ming in school does not fit the young man for a useful life, nor the young wo- man to he a good staunch helpmate. Was the hoy bright and clever, that was sufficient reason for the forcing and cramming him — so far, however, as that goes, the boys have a certain conserva- tism about them that prevents them from committing suicide by excessive brain work. The poor girls, with their liner organizations are the unfortunate victims,. How often does the doctor have interesting lady patients, who talk beautifully, as they recline upon the sofa, but who, when married and mothers of a single child, probably are unequal to the task of a household, or the care of a family." The people owe certain duties to the physician, and the physician owes cer- tain duties to the people, and the way these duties are performed, stamps the standing both of the practitioner and the people. In all ages of the world, among civil- ized and uncivilized people, the medical profession has been held in high esteem. Whether it be the learned professor, who has studied the science of medi- cine in all of its branches, or the "great medicine man" of the untutored sav- ages, who from actual experience has made discoveries of the healing powers of herbs and roots, honor awaits him upon every hand, while the life and death of every human being is virtually placed in his keeping. The weary patient lying upon a bed of pain, and the no less weary watcher by his side, wait anxiously for the coming of the "good doctor," and, on his arrival, note his every movement and every expression for a ray of hope. The medical fraternity of Jersey county have, with few, if any exceptions, been an honor to the profession. They have ever been ready to respond to the call of duty. The winter's cold, the summer's heat, or the rains of spring and autumn, could not keep them back when the cry of distress reached their ears. Not a physician in the county, especially among those who settled here at an early day, but has experienced sufferings that would have deterred those in any other profession, in re- sponse to a summons to attend the bed- side of a sick and suffering one. They have been compelled to cross the road- less prairie, or thread the hills and woods, to face the cold, bleak storms of winter, or the blazing sun of mid-summer often with no hope of fee or reward, but only, if possible, to relieve those who plead for their care. All this has been done by the physicians of Jersey county without complaint. If the good deeds of the profession are not remembered by those who have received aid, a time will come when they will be recollected. In the following review of the medical profession in the various towns and cities of the county, some of the most promi- nent doctors, who have practiced for any length of time, will be noticed first, and then the representatives of the profes- sion in 1885. 150 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. PHYSICIANS OF THE PAST. Among the physicians of the county, was Dr. Silas Hamilton, who came to Otterville in 1830. He died there in 1834. A sketch of him is given in con- nection with the history of that township with which he was closely identified. The first disciple of the healing art to locate at Jerseyville was Dr. A. H. Bur- ritt, who came in 1833, before the town was laid out, being among the first set- tlers on the site of Jerseyville. The old log cabin which he erected still stands as a monument to his memory, and is located on the corner of Exchange and Pleasant streets. He here first settled, and entered 80 acres of land. He was born in Troy, New York, where he resided until 1832, when he came to Illinois, locating in Carrollton, and the following year came to Jerseyville, as above stated. He was of the old allo- pathic school, and practiced here until 1836, when he removed to a farm in Greene county. In 1838, he went to Cleveland, Ohio, and later removed to New Orleans, where he lived until his death, about the year 1875. During the year 1833 there was an ac- cession to the medical profession of Jer- seyville in the person of Dr. Asa Snell, who came from his native state, Vermont. He remained here until his death, Jan. 21, 1874, although retired from active practice during the latter years of his life. He raised quite a large family of children, all of whom proved to be bright, intelligent and industrious. One son is still a resident of the county. Dr. Snell was considered a smart man, having a large and lucrative practice, and died leaving considerable property. Dr. Edward Augustus D'Arcy, for thirty years one of the most prominent physicians of this county, came here in 1833, and settled on land which he en- tered near a small stream which still bears his name. He was born in Han- over, Morris county, N. J., April 15, 1796, and was the son of Dr. John D'- Arcy, an eminent physician of that state, and surgeon of the 1st New Jersey regiment, in the Revolutionary war. His mother was Phoebe Johnes, who be- fore the dawn of the new century was numbered with the silent inmates of the tomb, leaving Edward an infant but three years old. He received his edu- cation at the schools of Morristown, and studied medicine under the tuition of his father, and was licensed to practice medicine April 4, 1817. He was mar- ried Oct. 22, 1821, to Mary McEowen, a daughter of Dr. Hugh McEowen, of Baskingridge, N. J., by whom he had two daughters — Ann Caroline, wife of Judge Frederick H. Teese, of New Jer- sey, member of the 44th Congress; and Catherine M., late wife of P. D. Cheney, of Jerseyville. In 1833 he came to Jersey county, and located on a farm on the stream now known as Dorsey's branch. He was considered a very skillful man and pronounced authority. He did not like practicing very well, but was a great admirer of horses, con- sequently did not devote much time or attention to medicine. He died here April 25, 1863. Dr. John W. Lott, a native of New Jersey, came to Jerseyville in 1834. He was one of the proprietors of the original town plat, assisting in the lay- ing out and naming of the place in honor of his native state. He practiced for some time, but having a strong at- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 151 tachment for his native soil, returned to that state. Dr. James C. Perry, a native born Scotchman, who had served in the Brit- ish service for seven years, came about the year 1838. He is well remembered by the citizens of Jerseyville as a skill- ful practitioner, and an honest and up- right man in all his dealings. He con- tinued to practice here until his death in May, 1859. He was a scholarly and scientific man, generous to a fault and was never known to oppress the poor for payment for medical aid. Dr. Edwin A. Casey, who came to Jerseyville about the year 1840, and practiced successfully many years, died March 22, 1874. He was a native of Rhode Island, and at the time of his death was 66 years of age. He was the senior member of the medical firm of Casey & Wellington, the latter coming to Jerseyville about the same time — 1840. Dr. R. H. Van Dyke came to the city of Jerseyville from the state of New Jersey, about the year 1840, and was one of the prominent physicians of this county until the day of his death, Sep- tember 6, 1845. Dr. James Bringhurst, now deceased, was one of the early physicians of Jer- sey county. He was born in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, in 1818. His par- ents were James and Sarah Bringhurst. When he had arrived at the age of about 13 years, his parents removed to Wilmington, Delaware. There he re- sided until coming out to Illinois. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Robert Porter, of Wilmington. After this he attended the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, and before graduating there, he spent eight years in the acquirement of a knowledge of the profession. He practiced in Wil- mington until 1842, when he came out to Illinois, and located in what is now Ruyle township, Jersey county. He remained at that location about two years, and then removed to section "2, Fidelity township, where his son, John, now resides. About 1850 he moved into Jerseyville, and entered into partner- ship with Dr. D'Arcy. From that time until 1857, he practiced in Jerseyville, Chicago and Springfield, and from 1857 to 1861 in Jerseyville alone. In April, 1861, he enlisted as surgeon of the 128th 111. Inf. He was afterwards promoted to be brigade surgeon. He was taken sick in the service, and his constitution was undermined, so that he never re- gained his health. From the army he returned to Jerseyville, where he re- mained a short time, then removing to Alton. For short periods after this he resided in Jerseyville, on his farm in Fidelity township, and in Alton. In the latter place, he contracted Bright's disease, and he steadily declined, until, on coming to Jersey county for rest, he died at the house of his cousin, Henry Ryan, now of Ruyle township, on the 23d day of June, 1870. He was married to Mary Ryan, a daughter of John Ryan, an old settler, in 1850. They were the parents of four children — James, John, Robert and Harry. Doctor R. D. Farley, one of the early doctors of Jerseyville, came to this county sometime in the "forties." In 1852 he was county physician, attending to the wants of those unfortunates who had to depend upon the charity and commiseration of those about them. 152 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Dr. Farley was the oldest child of Rev. Abel and Hannah (Dressier) Farley, horn Dec. 3, 1808, in Massachusetts. Ee was twice married, first in March, 1831, to Mary G. Rand, of Boston. Soon after his marriage he removed to Illinois, locating at Carrollton, and af- terward removed to Alton, from which place he came to Jerseyville, where he lived until his death, Sept. 27, 1884. His first wife died Sept. 25, 1875. He was married, the second time, July 26, L877, to Mrs. Mary E. Briggs. Dr. Farley did not commence practice here at a very early day, but was the first homoeopathic phy i ian in the city. He was well known and highly esteemed, and a gentleman whose wisdom and judgment were much respected by his many friends and associates. Dr. Augustus R. Knapp was one of the most prominent physicians of Jer- sey county in early days. He came to Jerseyville in 1844, and after enjoying a large and extensive practice, died at his residence in that city, July 13, 1862., Dr. Knapp was a member of the consti- tutional convention of 1847, and is spoken of in that connection. Charles Glazier, a German physician, located in Jerseyville in 1846, but only remained about a year. Dr. Pitner also came about this time, from Marion county. In 1848 he joined the excited throng for the far west, to seek his fortunes in the gold regions of California, and has not been heard of since. Dr. George Adrain, at one time con- nected with the medical profession of Jerseyville, deserves mention in this connection. He came here about 1850. Dr. John L. White was prominently identified with the profession at Jersey- ville for several years. He was born in Massachusetts in 1832, and came to this place in 1852. He was married in 1858 to Hattie Hawley, who resided a short distance from Jerseyville. He contin- ued the pursuit of his profession at this place until 1870, when he removed to Bloomington, this state, where he still resides. He has passed into history as having been one' of the leading phy- sicians of Jerseyville, and a skillful and successful practitioner. He was also a prominent member of the Masonic fra- ternity, having attained the position of master. Among the medical profession during the "fifties," was Dr. H. C. Harriman, a native of Massachusetts, who came from Gardner, that state, to Jerseyville. He died here March 12, 1858. Among the former physicians of Jer- seyville was Dr. William T. Hutchin- son, anative of Kentucky, who continued in the practice of his profession until his death, January 27, 1864. Dr. John L. Furber came to Jersey- ville about the year 1860, where he was shortly afterward married. He practiced here two or three years, when he re- moved to Kansas and engaged in the cattle business, and has subsequently became wealthy. He is an Illinoian. Dr.W. L. Burnett, anative of Indiana, came to Jerseyville and commenced the study of the science of medicine in the office of J. 0. Hamilton, in 1866, and later attended lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, from which he grad- uated in 1869. He practiced his pro- fession in the village of Fidelity and vicinity for several years, when he re- moved to Kane; Greene county. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 153 Among the physicians of Jerseyville of the past was Dr. John B. Hamilton. He is the second of a family of nine children of Rev. B. B. and Mary A. Hamilton. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of Jersey and Greene counties. In 1862 he became a clerk in the drug store of his uncle, Dr. J. O. Hamilton, of Jer- seyville, and afterward clerked in the drug store of J. M. Israel, M. D., at White Hall. When about the age of seventeen he commenced the study of medicine, under the instruction of Dr. J. 0. Hamilton. From White Hall he removed to Bunker Hill, where he sold goods in the store of C. C. Campbell, until February, 1864, when he returned to Jerseyville and resumed his studies. Soon after this his father purchased an interest in a drug store at Manchester, 111., and in September, 1865, the subject of this sketch went to Manchester to conduct the store, where he remained till February, 1867. While there he de- voted his leisure hours to the study of Latin, under the tuition of John Grant, A. M,, and in the winter of 1867-8 at- tended lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago. He spent his vacation at Jer- seyville, in study, and in the winter of 1X68-9 attended the same college, and in February of the latter year graduated. That session in college he was assistant to Dr. R. L. Rhea, professor of anatomy. In March, 1869, he settled at Jerseyville, in partnership with Dr. J.O. Hamilton, and in December following purchased the practice of Dr. 0. K. Reynolds, of Kane. Besides enjoying a good prac- tice, he was proprietor of a drug store at that place. In May, 1869, he became a member of the State Medical Society, and at that meeting was appointed a member of the committee on surgery. On the 4th of October, 1871, Dr. Hamil- ton was married to Mary L. Frost, daughter of the late John S. Frost, of Jersey county, and grand-daughter of Judge Lowe. The doctor has rapidly risen to a high standing in the profes- sion of medicine and surgery, and is now filling the important position of surgeon-general of the United States marines. Doctor W. 0. Langdon, at one time a practicing physician of Jersey county, came to Delhi in 1870, and carried on the duties of his profession in that vicinity for about eight years, when he removed to Carrollton, Greene county. In the history of that county a sketch of him may be found. Henry Z. Gill, M. D. came to Jersey- ville April 26, 1873, from St. Louis. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born Oct. 6, 1831. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and be- gan practice at Columbus, Ohio, where he remained till the commencement of the rebellion, when he enlisted in the three month's service, serving four years and a half. He arose from assist- ant surgeon to surgeon of volunteers, of the rank of lieutenant colonel, which position he held until the close of the the war. He then spent two years in Europe, after which he located at St. "Louis, Mo., where he followed his pro- fession, and, in company with Dr. W. S. Edgar, published the Medical Journal, after which he came to Jerseyville as noted in the foregoing. In August, 1881, he took charge of the Southern Illinois penitentiary, and in November, 1883, resigned that position to accept 154 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the chair of surgery in the Wooster Medical College at Cleveland, Ohio, where he now resides, and which posi- ti'Ui he still retains. Among the physicians of the past was Charles A. Knapp, a son of A. R., who practiced here for two or three years. Shortly after his marriage he removed to California, where he subsequently died. PHYSICIANS OF THE PRESENT. Among the medical fraternity of the present now located in the county, the following are among the most prominent and are representative men of the class: Drs. A. K. Van Home, George Sumrall, E. L. H. Barry, Caleb Du Hadway, A. A. Shobe, C. A. Edgar, C. R. and C. W. Enos, T. J. Kingston, A. A. Barnett, of Jerseyville; C. G. Burlington and Wesley Park, of Fieldon; A. D. Erwin, of Fidelity; John S. Wil- liams and James A. Flautt, of Otterville; S. M. Watson and E. F. Francis, of Mississippi township; A. F. Slover, of Elsah township; J. F. Gary, of Delhi and J. Tidball, of Grafton. Dr. A. K. Van Home, is a son of Elijah and Polly Wyckoff Van Home, was horn in Schoharie Co., N. Y., April 2, 1831, and came with his parents to Jersey county in 1833. He received his education in the common schools of this county. In 1852, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Charles A. Knapp, of Jerseyville. He attended lectures at the Missouri Medical College St. Louis, in 1853 and 1854. In the latter year he went to Greene county, where he continued his studies and practice his profession. In the fall of 1855, he entered Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, from which he gra- duated in March, 1856. He then came to Jerseyville and commenced the prac- tice of his profession in earnest. In 1871 and 1872 he returned to Philadel- phia, and took part of a course of lec- tures, to bring himself abreast of the times. On the 11th day of Oct., 1859, he was married to Elizabeth S. Bacon, who died Oct. 18, 1881. On Dec. 23, 1884, the doctor was again married to Sarah M. Stelle. He is the eldest practicing physician in the county. George Sumrall, M. D., Jerseyville, Jersey county, 111., came to Illinois March 1, 1872, and to Jersey county October, 1874 ; is a member of the Presbyterian church, and of Masonic lodge, chapter and council ; has one child Maggie, born March 4, 1873. In April, 187G, was mover and drafter, before Jersey County Medical Soci- ety, of a greeting to State Medical As- sociation, praying that body to secure such legislative action as would compel higher medical education and partially rid our state of quacks. In response to said greeting, the State Medical Asso- ciation appointed a committee which spent the next winter at the capitol, memorialized the legislature, and se- cured the enactment of our state medi- cal act, and the appointment of our State Board of Health, which has saved to our state millions of dollars, and to her citizens untold suffering. Witness the control of the small-pox, the emi- grant train inspection, and the hundreds of uneducated charletans compelled to cease practicing on the lives of our citi- zens, and to seek climes where ignor- ance is more tolerated. A. A. Shobe, M. D., one of the lead- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 155 ing physicians of this county, came herein the spring of 1873, from Frank- lin county, Mo., of which state and county he is a native, and was born Aug. 24, 1846. His father, Alfred Shobe, and mother Mary (McGinnis) Shobe, both died when he was but two years old. He was brought up by W. J. Brown, who was a member of the Missouri state legislature, and whose daughter he subsequently married. His youth was spent on a farm, where he was variously employed in the multi- farious duties incident to the life of a boy in such a position. He attended common schools in his native county, and when 14 years old was attending the academy at Kirkwood, St. Louis county, preparatory to a military edu- cation at West Point. Meanwhile, his guardian, whose sympathies were with the southern people, during the conflict of that time, went south and placed himself among those of the legislature who favored secession. The subject of this sketch went with him subsequently, and in 1862, joined the Confederate army, remained in the service until the close of the war, and was paroled at Mobile, Ala. He then entered the Chris- tian Brothers' college, St. Louis, to complete his literary education, and remained two sessions. He then com- menced the study of medicine, gradu- ating from the McDowell's College in 1868-69, when he commenced the prac- tice of medicine in Franklin county, Mo., and there continued until coming here. His marriage to Sallie A. Brown occurred June 3, 1868. They have had three children, Mary 0., Cora B. and Irene V. Mr. Shobe is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Masonic fraternity. He takes a commendable interest in public affairs, and was for two years president of the board of ed- ucation. Charles R. Enos, M. D., was born in Madison county, N. Y., in March, 1816. His father, Joseph Enos, anative of Rhode Island, was a farmer, and the subject of this sketch was reared to farm life. In 1842 he migrated to St. Louis, Mo., where he worked in a ma- chine shop till 1849. He then went to Madison county, 111., and engaged in farming. Here he commenced taking care of the sick, being a good nurse, also practiced medicine to a consider- able extent. In 1874 he graduated from the homoeopathic medical college, of Missouri, and has since that time given his attention principally to the practice of medicine. In April, 1882, he came to Jerseyville, since which he has prac- ticed his profession in company with his son, Dr. C. W. Enos. He was mar- ried in 1845, to Eliza A.Thorpe, and by this union has had ten children, eight of whom are living; — Sarah C, Charles W., of Jerseyville; William H., who graduated as a physician, but follows farming; Ida V., wife of Theo. S. Ellison; Joseph W., a physician; Law- rence, Dcwitt C. and Grace. C. W. Enos, M. D., located at Jersey- ville, Jan. 29, 1874. He was born in Madison county, 111., Dec. 13, 1849, and is a son of Dr. C. R. and Eliza Ann (Thorpe) Enos. He was brought up on a farm and received a good education, attending the state normal school at. Bloomington, 111., also the state indus- trial institution at Champaign. After completing his education he taught school two terms, then turned hisatten- 156 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. tion to the study of medicine, with a view to making that profession his life work. He entered the office of Dr. W. C. F. Hempstead, of Edwardsville, with whom he studied for a time. In 1872 he became a student at the homoeo- pathic medical college of Missouri, from whence he graduated in 1874, re- ceiving the prize for surgery. He then came to Jerseyville and, opening an office on the day of his arrival, within two hours received his first call, to attend a case of lung fever the patient being a daughter of David M. Houghton. His practice rapidly increased, and in the first eleven months of his residence here, his accounts amounted to two thousand dollars. Since Dr. Enos lo- cated in this city there have been but three days during which he has not re- ceived a call, with the exception of one week when he was absent from the city upon a pleasure trip. In 1881 Dr. Enos took a course of lectures on the eye and ear, at the New York Opthalmic Hos- pital, also an operating course on the eye and ear, under the celebrated Dr. H. Knapp. He has since made a specialty of treating those organs. He has performed many difficult surgical operations, and always with perfect success. Although comparatively a young man, Dr. Enos stands at the head of his profession, and his reputation for skill and good judgment is well known and widespread. His success has been something remarkable, and his practice extensive and remunerative. He is a member of the Western Academy of Homoeopathy, and of the American In- stitute of Homoeopathy. Dr. Enos was married in 1875, to Melissa Post, daugh- ter of C. A. Post, who died in October, 1877. In 1879, Dr. Enos was married to Elizabeth Cory, daughter of Abner and Margaret Cory. They are the parents of two children, Herbert C. and Gracie E. Dr. and Mrs. Enos are mem- bers of the Baptist church, and he was for six years superintendent of the Sab- bath school. He is an active temperance worker, and in 1884, was candidate for secretary of state on the prohibition ticket. He is a member of the county and state central committees. Dr. Enos came to Jerseyville fifty dollars in debt, but has been highly successful finan- cially. He is the owner of a farm of two hundred acres, and also of town property. Dr. Augustus R. Knapp (deceased) was born in Connecticut in the year 1801. When young, he removed to Del- aware county, N. Y., and was educated for a physician in New York city. He was married in Schoharie county, in 1822, to Catherine Wyckoff, and the fol- lowing year removed to New York city, where he practiced medicine till 1839. At that date he came to Illinois, and lo- cated at Kane, in Greene county, where he practiced his profession five years. He then moved to Jerseyville. Here he had an extensive practice. He was a member of the constitutional conven- tion of 1847, to revise the constitution of Illinois. In 1849 he went to Califor- nia, where he remained for a time, in search of gold, in which he was quite successful. Dr. and Mrs. Knapp had five children. Charles A., who was edu- cated for a physician, went to Califor- nia, where he died in 1856; Jane A., married to H. 0. Goodrich; Anthony L., who was a lawyer, Robert M., and George H., now a practicing physician HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 157 of St. Louis. These children all re- ceived the benefits of a good education, and all of the sons became professional men, two studying law and two medi- cine. Dr. Knapp died in Jersey ville, July 13, 18G2. Mrs. Knapp survived her husband till February, 1868. Dr. Charles A. Knapp (deceased), was bom in Blenheim, X. Y., July 21. 1823. He studied medicine with his lather. and afterwards took a medical course and graduated from .McDowell College, in St. Louis. He commenced practice at Kane, 111., in 1847. Two years later he came to Jerseyville and took the practice of his father, who then went to California, and continued here until 1854. Then, on account of feeble health, he migrated to California, where he died in 1856. He was married in 1850 to Caroline Whitney, who survived him about 20 years. They had two children. Elnora and George A. Joseph Ormond Hamilton, M. D., (deceased) was born in Monroe county, 111., April 2, 1S24. He is the youngest child of Thomas M. and Alpha Ham- ilton. Thomas M. Hamilton was a son of Captain Nathaniel Hamilton, who commanded a company of Green Moun- tain boys during the Revolutionary war. Thomas was born in Rutland, Vt., of Scotch and English parentage, and was reared in Ohio, whither his parents emigrated about the year 171(7. In the spring of ISIS lie removed with his family to Illinois, landing at ILurison- ville, on the east hank of the Missis- sippi river, on the first day of May. He located at what is now New Design, Monroe county, four miles southwest of Waterloo. On the 9th of May, 1831, he moved to the present limits of Jersey county, settling on a tract of land in T. 7, R. 12, where lie followed farming during the remainder of his life. Dr. Hamilton attended school first in Mon- roe county, then at the stone school house buili at Otterville through the munificence of Dr. Silas Hamilton. In 1843 he became a student at the Ohio University, at Athens, 0., remaining there two years. He then commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Silas Parker. The latter moving from Athens, he continued his studies with Dr. Wil- liam Black stone. In 1845 he came to Jerseyville and practiced under Dr. James C. Perry, who was originally from Scotland, and a gentleman of fine attainments. Dr. Hamilton practiced with him one year, after which he lo- cated in Calhoun county. In 1846 he returned to Jersey county and taught school, in what was locally known as Buttermilk academy on Sec. 2, T. 7, R. 11. The following year he went to Louisiana and obtained a situation as teacher, after waiting for them to build a Bchool-house, which was constructed of gum logs, sawn by negro power. He taught in Tensas parish, on Tensas river, receiving for his services, $35 per month in gold, hoard included. In 1849 he returned to Jersey county and attended lectures at the Medical Uni- versity of Missouri, graduating on the 4th of March, 1850, and commenced practice at Grafton. May 1, 1851, he was married to Margaret Perry, daugh- ter of Dr. Perry, of Jerseyville. They had six children, three of whom are deceased, and one daughter and two sons are yet living. In 1852 he entered into partnership with his father-in-law, with whom he practiced till January, 158 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 1853. Dr. Perry died in 1858. Dr. Hamilton's death occurred, Aug. 21, 1882. He was one of the the most cel- ebrated physicians in the west. Some of his essays have been incorporated in the transactions of the American Medi- cal Association and can be found in the volumes of 1870 and 1872. He was elected president of the Illinois Medi- cal Society, convened at Peoria in May, 1871, being the first native president from Illinois. He attended as delegate, the American Medical Association at the cities of Cincinnati, New Orleans, Wash- ington, Philadelphia and San Francisco. In 1867 he was appointed surgeon for the United States pension office of this district, and acted as examining surgeon for six of the most prominent insurance companies of the United States. He was a man of great ability and untiring industry, and performed many difficult surgical operations with perfect success. He was highly appreciated at home, as well as abroad, being popular with all classes, who regarded him as a skillful physician and a gentleman of the high- est moral worth and principle. Dr. John S. Williams, physician at Otterville, was born in Simpson county, Ky., in 1839, where he remained until fourteen years of age. He then re- moved with his mother, Lucinda (Sal- monds) Williams, to Lincoln county, Mo., his father being dead. While living here John S. attended the high school at Truxton, Mo., then entered Iowa State University, at Keokuk, grad- uating from the medical department of that institution in 1865. During that year he had charge of a ward in the hos- pital, attending sick and wounded sol- diers. He then came to Jersey county, and located at Otterville. Here he practiced his profession until 1870, then went to St. Louis and took a course of lectures at St. Louis Medical College, graduating in 1871, after which he re- turned to Otterville where he has since remained engaged in the practice of his profession. Doctor Williams has won an enviable reputation as a physician and has an extended and remunerative practice. He was married in September, 1867, to Millie Close, a native of Illinois. They had two children — LucyE., who died in 1882, at the age of thirteen years, and Jesse Franklin, who died in infancy. Mrs. Williams died in January, 1873. In December of the same year Doctor Williams was married to Maggie Blaik- stock, a native of Wisconsin. By this union there were two children — one died an infant, and Dalton Hall, now living. Doctor Williams owns four hundred and twelve acres of land, and a residence in Otterville. He is a member of the State Medical Society, and of the Amer- ican Medical Association, also of the I. O. 0. F., and the Masonic fraternity. He is one of the board of education, and has been coroner two terms, during which he kept the first coroner's record ever kept in this county. James A. Flautt, M. D., was born in Maryland in 1848, and is a son of James M. and Ann C. (Althoff) Flautt, the former, a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Maryland. When he was quite young, his parents moved to Ohio, thence to Wisconsin in 1855. He re- mained in the latter state till the spring of 1870, when he went to Alton, 111. Four years later he moved to Jersey- ville, and lived there also four years, after which he came to Otterville. Dr. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 159 Flautt was educated in the graded schools of Reedsburg, Wis., and at St. Joseph, 0. He attended medical col- lege at Keokuk, la., where he graduated in 1881. He began his medical studies with Dr. Williams, of this county, in 1878. After graduating he located per- manently at Ottcrville, where he is now engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. Although a comparatively new comer here, Dr. Flautt has gained the reputation of being a skillful prac- titioner, and has a lucrative practice. He was married Sept. 21, 1872, to Mary A. Deming, a native of this county; they have one child — Charles Edward, horn August 5, 1883. Dr. Flautt owns 240 acres of land in Christian county, and 60 acres in Jersey county, all im- proved; also a fine residence property in Otterville. He is a member of the A. F. & A.M.,andalsooftheI.O.O.F. As a citizen he is popular and esteemed. Austin F. Slover, M. D., a practicing physician of Elsah township, resides on the northeast quarter of Sec. 11. He was born in Middletown, Butler county, O., June 4, 1828. In 1836 he went to Delaware county, Ind., where he ob- tained his education, and remained un- til 1850; at that date he came to Jersey county, 111., and located at Jerseyville. Here he was married in 1853, to Marv E. Freeman, daughter of Dr. J. D. Freeman, of Jerseyville. She was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1832, and died Jan. 28, 1857, leaving one child — Mary E., who was born Jan. 18, 1857. She is now married, and is living in Mississ- ippi township, Jersey county, 111. Dr. Slover was married in 1866, to Mrs. Agnes McAdams, and by this union has six children — Nancy J., wife of Marion Coonrod, of Elsah township; Josephine, Robert L., Ann Louisa, Alice, Willard and Abel. In addition to his medical practice, Dr. Slover is engaged in rais- ing small fruits and vegetables. He is a democrat in politics. A. D. Erwin, M. D., was born near Rockbridge, Greene county, on the 21st of March, 1858, his parents being A. D., Sr., and Malinda (Hill) Erwin. In 1864, his parents removed to Jersey- ville, where they have since continued to reside. They gave him his prelimi- nary education in the common and high schools of Jerseyville, and he then commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. K. Van Home, of the same town. He studied with him two years, reading medicine, and afterward attended two full courses of lectures at the Missouri Medical College, in St. Louis, where he graduated in 1S82. After completing his medical education, he commenced the actual practice of medicine at Bluff- dale, Greene county, where he con- tinued until coming to Fidelity in the spring of 1884. He was married in Jerseyville on the 9th day of May, 1884, to Tillie Davis, of that town. He devotes his entire mind and attention to' his business and is making a success in his chosen profession. Dr. J. Tidball, one of the prominent physicians of Jersey county, is located in the picturesque town of Grafton. He is a native of Ohio, born in 1848, and is the son of John and Mary L. (Rich mond) Tidball. The doctor remained in the state of his nativity until 1864, when he emigrated to Mercer county, 111. In 1868, he removed to Monmouth, Warren county, this state, where he attended college until 1871. He then, 160 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. to fit himself for his life's labor, attended the medical department of the Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, and graduated from that noble institu- tion in 1874, with high honors, The doctor then commenced the practice of medicine, but three years later, with a devotion to his honored profession, he resolved to still further pursue his studies in the same, under competent instructors, to the end that he might attain greater eminence therein. He therefore proceeded to New York city and, entering the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, devoted himself to the study of surgery and medicine. He graduated from this noted surgical train- ing school in 1878, his attendance there being chiefly to avail himself of the unparalleled facilities a Horded there for the closer study of practical surgery. On quitting the classic walls of this latest alma mater, be removed to Graf- ton, in this county, where be has al- ready built him up a large, lucrative and constantly increasing practice. As a scholar and a physician he takes rank with any in this section of the state, while as a genial companion and bed- side visitor he has but few peers. He was united in marriage, in 1874, with Ellen Montgomery, also a native of Ohio. The doctor is in polities a repub- lican, is a member of both the I. 0. 0. F. and A. F. & A. M. societies. Dr. James F. Gary, practicing physi- cian of Delhi, located here in the spring of 1878. He is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Rives) Gary, both of whom were born near Frankfort, Ky., and are now living in Greenfield, Greene coun- ty, 111. The subject of this sketch was born in Macoupin county, March 4, 1852. He grew to manhood in his native county, receiving a liberal education. After completing his literary studies he engaged in teaching school two years, and in the meantime commenced the study of medicine. He then entered the office of Dr. J. Lane, at Barr's Store, Macoupin county, where he pursued bis medical studies one year, after which he went to St. Louis and entered the American Medical College, taking a two years' course at that institution, graduating in 1878. He bad, during this time, commenced the practice of his profession, at .Jerseyville, but pre- vious to his graduation located at Delhi, where he now has an extensive and highly remunerative practice, and has gained the reputation of being one of the most skillful as well as one of the most successful physicians of Jersey county. He was married in Delhi, Oct. 10, 1882, to Mary Ingles, a daughter of Frederick Ingles, of Alton. They have one daughter, Etta, born July 27, 1883. Dr. Gary is a member of the State Ec- lectic Association, also of the Knights of Honor, No. 1129, of Jerseyville. Dr. Wesley Park w r as born in Luray, Licking county, Ohio, on the 19th of November, 1833, his parents being Sam- uel and Lethe A. (Belt) Park. When quite young our subject moved with his parents to Granville, Licking county, where he received his education in the common schools of that place. When 16 years of age he attended the academy for one year, when he entered into a course of study at the Granville College. At the age of 19 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Spellman. He came to Marshall, Clark county, 111. where his parents had previously moved HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 161 and established their home. Wesley continued his course under the care of Dr. J. L. Duncan, about one year, when he commenced the course of lectures. In 1861 he was appointed acting assist- ant-surgeon with the 79th 111. Infy. His regiment was nearly annihilated at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn., and he was then assigned to the general hospi- tal, at Yicksburg, having charge of the same for the remainder of the three years of the service, with the exception of the time he was held a captive. He was captured by the Confederates and taken as a prisoner to Jackson, Miss. He was taken to Cahawba, where he was released and sent back to Yicksburg. After the war he remained about one year in the south, and on the 31st of December, I860, he came to Jersey county, 111., and practiced medicine until the winter of 1866, when he at- tended the Chicago Medical College, and there graduated. He then practiced in Fieldon, 111., until 1871, when he w«snt to Philadelphia to attend the Jefferson Medical College, of that city. He grad- uated in 1873, and has practiced since that time in Fieldon. Dr. Park is a member of the odd Fellows order, and was a charter member of Fieldon lodge, No. 592, A. F. and A. M., of which lodge he has been worshipful master for 11 years out of the 15 of its exist- ence. He was married in Crawford county, 111., on the 4th of January, 1855, to Miss J. E. Ward. They have three children — Arthur F., George C. and Frederick W. C. G. Burlington, practicing physician and surgeon, was born in Jerseyville, Jersey county, 111., on the 22d day of May, in the year 1858. He is the son of Joseph H. and Francis (Gordon) Buf- fington. His father was a native of Philadelphia, Penn.. his mother of Kdwardsville, 111. Hfs father emigrated to this state in the year of 1837, settling in Jerseyville. He was the oldest physician in that city at the time of his death. Our subject was in the drug business with his brother at Indianola, Warren county, Iowa, about three years before he entered college. In the year 1881, he graduated at the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, where he attended a two year's course of lectures. He then returned to Jerseyville, but did not locate for about a year after gradu- ating. In 1882 he selected Fieldon as the most suitable place for the practice of his profession, and has remained there since. He was appointed county physician for Jersey county in 1882. His practice has been increasing every year until it now extends over Jersey, Greene and Calhoun counties, and is one of the largest and most lucrative of any in the county, and although he is the youngest in the profession he stands among the first. E. F. Francis, M. P., practicing physician at East Newbern, Mississippi township, Jersey county, 111., was horn in Monmouth county, X. Y., .June 3d, 1845. He is a son of Richard I. and Susanna (Carrj Francis. He remained with his parents until he arrived at the age of IS years, when lie left home to complete his studies. He obtained his literary education at the high school at Shelbyvillc, Ind., Battleground Col- lege, in Tippecanoe county of the same state, and at Hartsville University. He then studied medicine at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and after- 162 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. wards spent one year at the Indiana College of Physicians and Surgeons from which institution he graduated, with the highest honors in 1876. He enlisted in 1864 in the 37th regiment of Indiana infantry, and was transferred to the 87th regiment, serving till the close of the war. He participated in the march through Georgia, taking part in the engagements of that memorable campaign. Dr. Francis was married Feb. 18th, 1882, to Carrie Jane Cham bers, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Ridgway) Chambers. He is well quali- fied for the practice of his chosen pro- fession and during his residence in New- bern, has won the reputation of a skill- ful physician, and established an exten- sive and lucrative practice. S. M. Watson, M. D., was born on the 26th of Jan., 1845, at LaGrange, Mo. He remained with his parents while they lived. His mother was taken with an attack of cholera and died in the month of August, 1873. His father's death was caused by cancer of the face, in May, 1876. Both are buried in the cemetery at Delhi, Jersey county. He lives on the northwest quarter of Sec. 12, in Mississippi township. He was united in marriage with Emma J. Howell, on the 13th day of Oct., 1869, by Rev. Wm. Hill, of Jerseyville. They have a family of six children, James M., born July 31, 1870; Charles S., born August 1, 1872; John W., born Oct. 29, 1874; Mary A., born Oct., 29, 1874; Mary, one of the twins, died August 6, 1875; Emma G., born August 29, 1876, and Jennie M., born April 18, 1880. Mrs. Watson was born at God- frey, 111., on the 18th day of Feb., in the year 1845. Dr. A. A. Barnett, came to Jersey- ville, in 1862, where he has remained in practice ever since. He is a native of New York, and is a graduate of the medical department of the university at Louisville, Ky., of the class of 1853, and has been in practice ever since. CHAPTER XII. COUNTY SOCIETIES. Although much can be accomplished by energetic individual effort, still more can be brought about by concerted ac- tion performed under thorough organiza- tion. This truth has been abundantly demonstrated in Jersey county, and several societies, for mutual improve- ment, mutual benefit and mutual pleas- ure have been organized, prominent among which are the Agricultural Soci- ety, Old Settlers' Association, and the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company. A short history of each of these is given in this connection. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. For manv years the farmers of Jersey county were in the habit of attending the county agricultural fairs of the neighboring counties, especially that of Greene county, but in the fall of 1867, while visiting at the latter place, several well-to-do agriculturists of Jersey county, among whom were William Kirby, E. 0. Hartwick and Ezekiel Davidson, after talking the matter over, thought that their home county could Bupport a fair, and that the time had come when some movement looking to that end be inaugurated. When they came home, they did not let the matter drop, but arranged a meeting when there were present, besides the above named gentlemen, David E. Beaty, Jere- miah Beaty, Lathrop L. Kirby and William Shephard. This meeting was held at the office of Benjamin Wedding. at Jerseyville. After a preliminary dis- cussion it was agreed among themselves that they would canvass among their friends to see how much money could be raised for the purpose of purchasing grounds, etc. At a meeting held on the 13th of April, 1868, the committee re- ported that they held subscriptions to the amount of $9,855, and a permanent organization was determined on. Hugh N. Cross, James H. Belt, J. H. H. Sim- mons, J. E. Starr and William Kirby were appointed a committee to draft a constitution. At this meeting an address was delivered by D. M. Woodson, of Carrollton, which did considerable good. At a meeting shortly after this a con- stitution was reported and adopted, and an election held for officers, which re- sulted in the choice of the following gentlemen: David E. Beaty, president; Samuel W . Davis, secretary; William Kirby, treasurer, and William Shep- hard, Hugh N. Cross, J. H. H. Sim- mons, Lathrop L. Kirby, Jeremiah Beaty, James H. Belt, Jasper M. Terry, Janus E. Starr, Archibald Craig and Caleb A. Post, directors. John N. Squier acted as temporary secretary of this meeting. This organization effected, it was determined to hold a fair that fall, and the necessary steps were taken to purchase the ground and fit it up for the purpose. These grounds in the north portion of the city of Jerseyville. were bought and improved at a cost of nearly 815.0(H). Before the fair came off, Mr. Davis resigned the secretary- ship and Morris R. Locke was elected to that office, and has held it ever since, thus conducting the society through every fair ever held, by this highly suc- cessful organization. The first fair of the Jersey County Ag- ricultural and Mechanical Association, was held at the grounds near Jersey- ville, on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs- day and Friday, Oct. 13, 14, 15 and 16, 1868, and proved a decided success. Thus was inaugurated a series of annual fairs, second to none in the country and the most successful county exposition on record. The second annual fair was held Oct. 12, 13, 14 and 15, 1869, under the official management of the following gentle- men: David E. Beaty, president; Mor- ris R. Locke, secretary; E. Davidson, treasurer; William Shephard, Hugh X. Cross, L. L. Kirby, James H. Belt. Ad- dison Greene, Jasper M. Terry, Archi- bald Craig, C. A. Post, James VanHorae and Charles Eldred, directors. Smith M. Titus was the grand marshal of the occasion. The third annual fair occurred on Oct. 11, 12, 13 and 14, 1870, and was a 164 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. complete success. The Jersey County Democrat of that date, thus speaks of the exposition: "Our county fair which closes to-day (Oct. 14th) has been one grand success. The rain of Monday, and the lowering, drizzling, misty sky, of Tuesday, led many to fear for the result. But on Wednesday it cleared off, and the last three days the weather was all that could be desired. And so was the fair all that could be desired. "The general arrangement and ap- pointments of the ground are better than we have ever before seen on any county grounds in Illinois. And cer- tainly the management of the details could not be excelled. Everything was done that could be, and done just right. The officers of the society are all strangers to us, and we therefore feel per- fectly free in saying to the citizens of Jersey county, that we do, not see how it could be possible for any set of men to more successfully manage so intricate and difficult a piece of business, as is the arrangement of such an exhibition. We cannot, at this time, give the figures, but we understand that the total num- ber of entries is about one-third larger than last year, and that the cash re- ceipts will probably exceed those of last year, about $1,000. The officers for this year were as fol- lows: Hugh N. Cross, president; Geo. E. Warren, vice-president; Morris R. Locke, secretary; E. Davidson, treas- urer; II. 0. Goodrich, C. C. Cummings, John Buckels, Jr., William H. Fulker- son, H. N. Belt, Jr., L. L. Kirby, Joeb Cory, Sr., Jeremiah Beaty, Hem\>Ryan, Isaac R. Ely, W. D. Curtiss, and C. M. Hamilton, directors. The fourth fair was held Oct. 10, 11, 12 and 13, 1871, and was a pronounced success, a greater one than ever before held. The gross proceeds of this exhi- bition, as reported by the treasurer, was $5,903. The officers for this year were: Hugh N. Cross, president; William H. Fulkerson, vice-president; Morris R. Locke, secretary; Joseph G. Marston, treasurer; with Moses Cockrell, Robert Newton, C. M. Hamilton, Joel Cory, Sr., John G. Dougharty, Henry D. Ryan, John A. Cory, C. C. Cummings, J. H. Belt, N. C. Beaty, and William Kirby on the board of direction. And so on each year the fairs have been held, andthe society has prospered until the name of the Jersey county fair has obtained a state-wide, if not a world- wide reputation, for being the finest, the best conducted, and the most suc- cessful of agricultural expositions. The various officers who have helped to make this the prime success that it is, have been picked from the very best business men of the county, and these have not thought it beneath their dignity to attend to it closely, and hence its almost unprecedented success. The following is a complete roster of the officers, directors and committees for the year 1885, and for the annual fair of that year: P. D. Cheney, president; Robert Newton, vice-president; John A. Shep- hard, treasurer; Morris R. Locke, secre- tary; James S. Daniels, J. V. Striker, H.C. Terry, J. L. Post, M. B. Trabue, Spencer Wyckoff, G. C. Cockrell, L. L. Kirby, Andrew Bierman, J. N. Lurton, Leslie Cross and J. R. Colean, directors; Col. W. H. Fulkerson, grand marshal; J. K. Cadwalader, assistant marshal; J. R. Colean, clerk of races; N. C. Beaty, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 165 Sup't of the grounds; J. X. Lvtrton, Sup't of amusement; Leslie Cross, Sup't of arena. ( hi the reception committee are the following : Mr. and Mrs. David E. Beaty; Mr. and Mrs. H. 0. Good- rich; Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ryan; Mr. -and Mrs. W. H. Fulkerson; .Mrs. An- tonnette V. Cross; Mr. and Mrs. Oliver P. Powel; Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Trabue; Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Conklin. OLD SETTLERS' SOCIETY. On Saturday, Oct. 7, 1871, a meeting was held at the court house, in Jersey- ville, for the purpose of organizing the Old Settlers' Society, of Jersey county. Among those who were present and took part in the organization of the association were Cyrus Tolinan, J. M. Hurd, Geo. B. Warren. Jos. G. Scott, J. M. Terry, Caleb Noble, Murray Cheney, J. N. English, Geo. W. Law- der, f. F. Brock, Geo. H. Jackson, J. E. Cooper, Joel Cory, Thomas Wedding, John Brown, William Keller, William McDow, John R. Black, Alfred Hinton, James T. Post, Vandyne, George Hoffman, John P. Stout, An- drew Gillham, Irvin Little, J. J. Sim- mons, Robert Latham, John Utt, D. G. Wyckoff, William Hackley, Moses Cockrell, Penuel Corbett, Glover Short, J. T. Grimes, Geo. W. Burke. A committee of three was appointed to draft a constitution and plan organ- ization, consisting of Geo. E. Warren, J. G. Scott and Geo. H. Jackson. After some deliberation, the committee re- ported as follows: CONSTITUTION. 1. This society shall be called the Old Settlers' Society of Jersey county, Illinois. 2. The object of the society is to perpetuate the memory of the pioneers and old settlers of the county, to collect and preserve a history of the settlement and progress, and of interesting events connected with the same, and to revive and keep alive by annual meetings old friendships and the memory of by-gone days; to obtain and record, so far as practicable, the names and ages of the early settlers of this state and county, the place of their nativity, and the date of their location here, and to keep a record of the death of members of the society and the date of such death, to be read at each annual meeting. 3. All persons male or female, resid- ing in the state of Illinois, in the year 1840, who were then '2\ years of age, and who have resided in the counties of Greene and Jersey for 25 years, may become members of the society by en- rolling their names upon the register thereof. 4. The officers of the society shall consist of a president, 13 vice-presi- dents, one to be elected as far as practi- cable from each township, and a sec- retary. 5. It shall be the duty of the presi- dent to preside at all meetings of tin- society, to preserve order, and in gen- eral to fulfill the duties incumbent upon the presiding officer of all deliberative assemblies. 6. It shall be the duty of the respect- ive vice-presidents to preside at the meetings of the society, in the absence of the president, according to seniority and rotation, to procure a list of the names, ages, places of nativity and date of location, of the early settlers in their several townships, and report them 166 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN TY. from time to time to the secretary, and, also, to collect and furnish the secretary accounts of events and incidents that were connected with the early his- tory of the county, as they may be able to do so, as shall be of special or general interest, and also to report to the secretary the death of any member occurring in their respective townships. 7. It shall be the duty of the secre- tary to keep an accurate record of the names, ages, places of nativity and date of location in the state and county, together with the date of death of any of the members of the society, to record the proceedings of all meetings of the society, and also all historical events and incidents connected with the settle- ment of the county that may be fur- nished him by the vice-presidents, or derived from the personal narration of members at the meetings of the society, which shall be ordered by vote of the the society. The secretary shall keep a register of the names of all the mem- bers in alphabetical order, which shall constitute the roll to be called by him at each regular meeting; also a journal the proceedings of every meeting, and a third book to be denominated the historical record, in which shall lie recorded events and incidents connected with the settlement of the county, fur- nished him as before provided, or or- dered by the secretary, to be recorded therein. 8. There shall be an annual meeting of the society held at the court house, in Jerseyville, on the first Saturday of October of each year, at which time an election shall be held for officers of the society, special meetings shall be held at any time at the call of the president. Officers were elected to serve until the next regular meeting of the society, as follows: President, Cyrus Tolman; Vice- presidents, Benjamin F. Slaten, T. 6, R. 11; Brook Stafford, T. 6, R. 12; Geo. Stafford, T. 6, R. 13; William Hackney, T. 7, R. 10; Thomas McDow, T. 7, R. 11; . John M. Hull T. 7. R. 12; Thomas Wedding, T. 7, R. 13; Jeremiah Bell,T. 8, R. 10; J. E. Cooper, T. 8; R. 11; John Brown, T. 8, R. 12; Z. Reddish, T. 8, R. 13; D. P. Pritchett, T. 9, R. 10; William Waddle, T. 9, R. 11. George H. Jackson was chosen secretary. JERSEY CO. FARMERS' MUTUAL INS. CO. This association was chartered on the 22d of February, 1861, and organized June 6th, 1862, with the following in- corporators: Joel E. Cory, Lewis Ran- dolph, George E. Warren, J. Murray Bacon, 0. P. Powel, J. E. Cooper, Rob- ert C. Whyte, Israel Squier and Wil- liam Darby. On organization, officers were chosen for the government of the same, and for the transaction of busi- ness. These were as follows: J. E. Cory, president; J. E. Cooper, vice president; George E. Warren, secre- tary; Lewis Randolph, treasurer. Joel E. Cory remained president until his death, which occurred Feb. 13, 1872, when he was succeeded by Hugh N. Cross, who also remained in that office until removed by the hand of death, Nov. 21, 1883, when Jonathan E. Cooper, the present president, was elected to that office. George E.Warren remained in the office of secretary from the date of organization until May 10, 1880, when he was succeeded by R. P. Shack- elford, who held it until May 1, 1882, when Jett. A. Kirby, the present incum- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 167 bent, was elected. The company, which is a purely mutual one, has issued a total number of 1,241 policies, and has now insured property to the value of $250,000. There has been paid losses to the amount of $20,985, but no assess- ment has been made for the past three years, showing a healthy state of affairs, largely owing to the business abilities and integrity of the officers of the com- pany. Taking the average cost of in- surance for 20 years, from the date of organization, it is found by this com- pany to be about $2,70 per year on $1,000. The present officers are: J. E. Cooper, president; Edward Trabue,vice president; Jett. A. Kirby. secretary; John I. W'hyte, treasurer; Lewis Ran- dolph, Arch. Craig, J. E. Cooper, Orin Palmer, A. Beiermann, John I. Whyte, D. E. Beaty, Edward Trabue and L. L. Kirby, directors. CHAPTER XIII. ECCLESIASTICAL. "Yon raised these hallowed Ami paradise was opened i In touching upon the religious his- tory, whether the field of the chronicler be extended to the broad expanse of the universe, or confined to the narrow lim- its of a state or county, there stands out on every page, predominant, the fact that the religion of any nation, of any people, of any age, is the foundation of its institutions, the source ofits customs, and the one thing nearest the popular heart. Let us go back no further than the dawn of the christian era — though the same conditions appear as clearly be- fore as after that date; we rind that for many generations after the birth of Christ, the records of religion comprise the history of the times; later on, we find the religious wars of the crusades upsetting the equilibrium of the whole civilized world. Later still, we find the walls, the desert smiled, n the wild." people of the old world, fleeing from re- ligious persecution, flocking to Amer- ica's gladsome shores, the one object urging them on to the casting of their lots in unexplored climes, being the de- sire and firm determination to worship God according to their own belief. Thus we see, as early as 1562, the Hugenots, finding the practice of their religious belief in France impossible, settling Carolina's shores for no other purpose than to carry out this one pre- eminent trait of human character — free- dom, at least for one's own religion; then, for like reasons, the Pilgrim Fathers taking up their abode on New England's rock-bound coast; then the Calverts and their followers, fleeing from the ban in England, are found in 1634, peopling Maryland, and taking up again, where it was broken off in their native 168 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. land, the thread of their religion; and lastly, in our retrospect, we can see the Quakers, that peaceful sect, unable to worship in their quiet fashion at home, following the guidance of William Perm, and settling on that pleasant Pennsyl- vania grant which his foresight and wisdom had provided for them in the promised land — the new world. And is it any wonder that at this later day, and in this land of freedom, the descendants of those people still hold an elevated opin- ion of that for which their ancestors fought and bled, suffering the afflictions of martyrdom and banishment? Right here, among our own people, with all the rough edges of conflicting creeds worn away by the contact of years, it is not difficult to note the fact that a man's re- ligion, or the want of it, is the underly- ing trait of his character, if his senti- ments be fully aroused on that point. So, mindful of this fact, in giving the ecclesiastical history of Jersey county, it will be the endeavor to treat of each sect independently, instituting no com- parisons, but showing historical events as they occurred, and leaving it to the reader to draw his own conclusions. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, JEKSEV- VILLE. The following particulars, relative to the above named church, are taken from a sermon delivered by the present pas- tor, Rev. Ira C. Tyson, Feb. 24, 1884, commemorative of the fiftieth anniver- sary of the church. It is most carefully and ably prepared, and no apology is deemed necessary in copying bodily portions which will be interesting and valuable as a historical record of that society. At an early day religious meetings were held in private houses for a time, with preaching when it could be ob- tained. At length arrangements were made for organizing a church, and a meeting was appointed for that purpose at the house of N. L. Adams, near Hickory Grove, on the 15th of Feb., 1834. Two members of the Illinois Presbytery were present — Rev. Thomas Lippincott and Rev. Elisha Jenney, the the latter beiug supply pastor at Alton. A sermon was preached, after which the church was organized. There were eighteen original members. Alexander H. Burritt, James Lumsden and M. N. Bosworth were the original elders. There is no record in existence of the names of the original members, but the names of fourteen are given by Dr. Norton, in his history of Presbyterian- ism in Illinois, as follows : James Lumsden, Reuben Page, Mrs. Elizabeth Page, Joseph Gerrish, Elizabeth Ger- rish, Mrs. Miriam Turner, Dr. Alex- ander Burritt, Mrs. Nancy Burritt, M. N. Bosworth and wife, John Anderson and wife, Matilda McGill and Mrs. So- phronia Adams. It is believed that the original members are all now deceased. At first the church was without a pastor and without a house of worship. Meet- ings continued to be held in private dwelling and also in a school house west of the present residence of Robert Newton. There being a Congregational element in the society, that portion re- tained the use of the school house while the Presbyterians worshiped in Mr. Keith's shop for about six months. For a year and a half after the organization, the church appears to have been without a stated minister, although a HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 169 Mr. Pierce, or Pierson, a teacher from Carrollton, preached for a time on alternate Sabbaths. At length, in Oct., 1835, Rev. Amos P. Brown commenced his labors as stated supply, where he continued until 1838, preaching and laboring as his feeble health would per- mit. In 1836, steps were taken to build a meeting house. A subscription paper was circulated, dated Oct. 6, 1836. Forty-seven names were attached with sums ranging fron $200 down to SKI, the total amount subscribed being $1,782.75. It was a year before the subscriptions reached a sum 'sufficient to warrant the committee to proceed with its work. In Oct., 1837, another paper was drawn up and signed by 33 names, authorizing the building committee to "proceed and build the house in such size as they may deem expedient, provided they shall not reduce the size below 36x40 feet." Dur- ing the years of 1838-39 the frame of the building was put up, but still there was not money enough raised to finish it, the amount required being about $700. In 1840 another subscription was started and §478 additional were raised tii enable the trustees to finish the meeting house. The building was at length completed and dedicated Oct. 14, 1841. It was 48x48 feet in size, and according to the preceding subscriptions cost about $2,600. By a vote of the church in March, 1839, the name was changed from South Greene to Jerseyville, as previous to this time thh' party comprised a part of Greene. In August, 1838, Mr. Brown resigned his charge, but continued to reside here for several years afterward. He died in Rushville, 111., May 16, 1859. Rev. Joseph Fowler began his ministry here in September, 1838, and was ordained by the Alton Presbytery, April 4, 1839. He left Jerseyville in September, 1840, and, after an active ministry in different churches in Ohio and Illinois, died Sept. 6, 1857. Rev. Luke Lyons, who had previously la- bored here in a revival with Mr. Fow- ler, was invited to the pastorate on the retirement of the latter. He entered upon his labors in November, 1840, and was installed as pastor Dec. 26, 1843. Mr. Lyons continued his labors here until his death, which occurred Jan. 11, 1845. During his pastorate the church enjoyed great prosperity, as he was an earnest preacher, a devoted pastor and possessed unusual executive ability. After his death the church was without a pastor for over a year, when Rev. Geo. C. Wood took charge of the pulpit March 1, 1846. On the 20th of April, 1850 he resigned the charge in Jerseyville. He afterward labored in Michigan and this state, and finally became mission- ary of the Illinois Presbytery for sev- eral years, residing at Jacksonville. His death occurred Jan. 5, 1879. In October, 1850, Rev. Samuel Grosvenor commenced his labors as acting pastor. During his pastorate the church build- ing was enlarged, and a bell tower erected and furnished with a bell. He continued until July, 1855. After leav- ing Jerseyville, he was settled at Wood- stock, Conn." He afterward visited Europe, and died in London, Aug. 8, 1870. In December, 1855, Rev. Joseph S. Edwards assumed the duties of the pastorate. He came to Jerseyville at a time of great political excitement, the troubles in Kansas occupying at that time a large part of public attention. 170 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Having, in the pulpit, expressed his views decidedly, twenty of the leading members withdrew and formed a Second Presbyterian church, connecting them- selves afterward with the southern gen- eral assembly. Mr. Edwards continued as pastor until December, 1858. During liis ministry here the present parson- age was built at a cost of $2,400. He died at Cleveland, 0., Oct. 17, 1876. Rev. Chas. H. Foote was invited to supply the pulpit for one year, begin- ning Dec. 1, 1858. He was installed pastor April 15, 1860, his pastorate of the church extending over a period of eight yea*-s and three months, and was, on the whole, prosperous. He resigned Feb. 17, 1867, and his death occurred June 28, 1880. April 7, 1867, Rev. Wm, W . Williams was invited to preach. He continued to supply the pulpit until the following September, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. Geo. I. King, D. D. The two branches of the Presbyterian church having united during Dr. King's pastor- ate, the church raised over $2,000 towards the memorial fund. During the year of 1872 the health of Dr. King failed and he visited New Orleans with the hope of receiving benefit. He sank rapidly, however, and died there March 12, 1873. Rev. James W . Stark entered upon his duties as pastor in November, 1873, as a successor of Dr. King, serv- ing the church in that capacity for about 10 years. On the 18th of Jan., 1880, the rotary system of eldership was adopted, as provided for by the general assembly, in accordance with which W. S. Ross was elected to the eldership in January, 1881; B. C. Van- dervoort in January, 1882; and Dr. A. A. Barnett in January, 1883. The initi- atory steps for building a new church were taken during the year, 1880, the ladies of the congregation taking a leading part in the matter. To secure the co-operation of all, and to make the terms of payment as easy as possible, it was proposed to raise the sum of $12,000, by dividing the whole amount into 480 shares of $25 each, to be paid in three annual payments, namely, Sept, 1, 1881, Sept. 1, 1882, and Sept. 1, 1883, the whole to be collectable when the entire amount was subscribed. A soliciting committee was appointed to collect funds, which part of the work was delegated to the ladies. This com- mittee consisted of the following mem- bers: Mrs. Emily B. King, Mrs. A. A, Barnett, Mrs. W. S. Ross, Mrs. Cor- nelia J. Shephard, Mrs. S. A. Holmes, Mrs. W. H. Pogue, Mrs. Mary E. Jack- son, Mrs. B. C. Vandervoort, Mrs. Jane B. Pittman, Mrs. J. A. Cory, Mrs. R. I. Lowe, Mrs. Hugh N. Cross, Mrs. J. C. Darby and Miss C. A. VanLiew. The building committee was composed of the following named gentlemen and ladies: A. W. Cross, Wallace Leigh, T. F. Remer, Dr. A. A. Barnett, J. L. C. Richards, John I. Whyte, Mrs. B. C. Vandervoort and Mrs. Emily B. King. The church is constructed of Graf- ton stone, with slate roof and stained glass windows and square tower 90 feet high, located on the site of the old church, at the corner of State and Car- penter streets. The corner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 12th of August, 1882, and on the 23d of August, 1883, the building was completed and dedicated. The edifice is what is known as modern Gothic in HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 171 architecture, considerably ornate, yet nut departing from a rigid adherence to the Gothic rules, and is one of the finest churches in this part of the state. In January 1883, Rev. Stark tendered his resignation as acting pastor of the church on account of continued ill health, which was accepted. However, with renewed health, he is now preach- ing in the Presbyterian church of Santa Fe, N. M. The present pastor, Rev. Ira C. Tyson, entered upon his duties as pastor of the church on the first Sabbath in June, 1883, and was in- stalled as pastor on the 25th day of September following. The church to- day is in a highly flourishing condition with a membership numbering about 250. Rev. Ira C. Tyson, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, has been a resi- dent of Jerseyville only since June, 1883, but in that time lie has won a high place in the esteem and affections of his congregation. Jerseyville is his first charge in the West, he having been called here from New Hampshire. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Montgomery county, on the .'Id day of March, 1830. His parents were also natives of that county, ami members of the society of Friends. His father was a firmer by occupation, but in his later years removed to Philadelphia, where he leda retired life until the time of his death, which occurred after he had at- tained his 83d year. His mother, Mary (Hallowell) Tyson, also died in Phila- delphia. Our subject was the fifth in a family of eight children, and was the oldest son. Four of the children are yet living, six having reached the age of maturity. Ira C. was reared to the occupation of farming, receiving in the meantime, such education as was af- forded by the common schools of the neighborhood. At the age of 17 years, he commenced the acquisition of the printer's trade, in the office of the Tele- graph, at Germantown, Penn. In this office he was employed for 12 years, starting in as an apprentice, and ending as foreman of the establishment. While in Germantown. he was united in mat- rimony with Fannie L. Hunt, of that city, in 1853. She died, four years after their marriage. In 1856 he united with the Market Square Presbyterian church, of Germantown, and soon after this time he was impressed with the conviction that he must enter the minis- try. He commenced the study of the languages with the principal ofthe Ger- mantown Academy, and afterward under a private tutor in New York city, his practical knowledge as a jointer supply- ing, to a considerable extent, the place of a college course. After two and one- half years spent in preliminary study, he entered the Union Theological Sem- inary, of New York city, in 1859, and graduated in May, 1862. Feeling the need of a more thorough classical train- ing than could be obtained in a printing office, he has continued with vigor the study of the languages up to the present time. In the month of June following his graduation, he received and accepted a call to the pastorate of the Presbyte- rian church at Hughsonville, Dutchess county, N. Y., and was ordained and in- stalled by the Presbytery of North River, <>. S., on the 7th of Oct.. 1862. In 1869, he was called to the Presbyte- rian church, at Bedford, N. H., and was settled over that congregation by the 172 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Presbytery of Londonderry, in May, 1869. He held the pastorate there till August, 1879. In September following, he was invited to take charge of the Presbyterian church, at Londonderry. X. II., and was soon after installed by the Presbytery of Boston, serving as pastor of that church until May, 1883, when became to Jersey ville. In 1882, he attended, as a commissioner, the meeting of the general assembly, held th.it year at Springfield, this state, and while there met with Rev. James W. Stark, who was at that time the pastor of the First church, Jerseyville. They had been acquainted before, while fellow students at the theological seminary, and Mr. Stark invited Mr. Tyson to accompany him to Jerseyville, which he did. While here, he preached two sermons, soon returning to his charge, in New Hampshire. During the winter following, Mr. Stark's health declined so that lie was obliged to resign his pas- torate here, and an urgent invitation was at once sent Mr. Tyson, to fill the expected vacancy. He took charge of the church here in June, 1883, and was installed as pastor by the Alton Presby- tery the following September. By the congregation he is given much of the credit for the rapid progress made in the welfare of this church since that time. During his early life,wdiile in the print- ing office, he frequently contributed articles to the newspapers, and read such works as those of Shakspeare, Milton, Sir Walter Scott, Gibbon, and other standard authors of English litera- ture, and the knowledge and experience thus gained have been of the greatest value to him in the preparation of his sermons, most of which are delivered from his own manuscript. His thorough knowledge of Greek and Hebrew has enabled him to pursue his Biblical .re- searches for himself, in a satisfactory manner. Since entering the ministry he has written only occasionally for the press, contributing, at intervals, articles for the New York Observer and other papers. Among his sermons which have been published, may be mentioned one on the teachings of the scriptures on total abstinence, and a historical ser- mon, delivered at Bedford, N. H. Mr. Tyson married his present wife, in New York city, immediately after graduation at the seminary, in May, 1862. Her name was Henrietta Sperling, a native of New York city. This union has been blessed with live children, four of whom are now living. Their names are: Louis J., Fannie A., Mary L., and Chas. W. Eddie, their first child, died at the age of 11 years. Mrs. Tyson has always occupied a high position in religious circles, and socially, wherever stationed. While in New England, he was stated clerk of the Boston Presbytery, and was chosen its historiographer. He had col- lected considerable material for a history of Presbyterianism in New England, but feeling that his great life-work was to preach the gospel, he was induced to relinquish this important work on re- ceiving a call to the west. In Oct., 1878, he read a paper before the New York Synod, on "The Scotch-Irish in New England," receiving a vote of thanks for the same. In October he was elected moderator of New York Synod, being the last moderator of that body prior to the reconstruction of the synod. Four times during his ministry he has been chosen commissioner to the gen- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 173 era! assembly — in 1867, at Cincinnati; in 1871, at Chicago; in 1878, at Pittsburg; and in 1882, at Springfield, 111. Mr. Tyson has given considerable attention to the science of music, having given private instruction in music, and taughl singing-school classes in various places. While prosecuting his studies in the seminary, his musical ability afforded him a partial support, by means of an engagement, on a stated salary, as a singer in the choir of one of the large churches of New York city, OTTEEVILLE PKESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This society was organized on the 1 '. >t 1 1 day of March, 1855, with ten original members. The first elders of the con- gregation were Isham Finck and Sidney Noble. The services in the early days of the organization, were held in the old M. E. church south of Otterville. The first to officiate as minister was Rev. D. R. Bell. The officers of the church for 1885 are: W. I. Mears, Milo Landam and Wm. Noble, elders. The pastor is R. M. Smith. The congregation has a frame structure, which is 30x40 feet in ground area. Services are conducted by the pastor two Sundays in each month. Sabbath school is held regu- larly each week. The membership at present is about 30. EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF JEESEYVILLE. As early as April, 1SI5S, the Rev. C. S. Abbott, then rector of the St. Paul's church, Alton, 111., visited this village and held occasional services. During his charge there were five persons con- tinued and seventeen baptized. Rev. D. W. Dresser, also visited occasionally. Among the early workers and members of the society were Allen Marshall, Cor- nelia Cockrell, Francis A. Knapp, Alice L. Titus, Elizabeth F. Van Home, Mary A. Davenport, Elizabeth Coding- ton, Ann Londen, Cecilia K. Gibson — all of whom were communicants prior to January 1. 1869. In the spring of this year the Rev. George Gibson was appointed missionary for this place and Carrollton, which charge he held for about two years. The Rev. II . 0. Perry followed and served about two years. From that time until February, 1879, the services were almost entirely discontinued. Rev. P. A. Johnson, of Bunker Hill, did some work here early in the year. 1879, and on the 22d of February, the Rev. (i. \V. (<. Van Win- kle came from New York city and as- sumed charge of the mission work in this place and Carrollton, to which he had been appointed in January, 1879, by Right Rev. G. F. Seymour, D. D., L. L. D. On the 22d of April, 1879, the congregation met and a petition was prepared, asking to be organized as a mission. This was sent to the bishop in May, and the bishop approving the action, appointed the following named persons as officers, which names were respectfully proposed by the congrega- tion: E. L. II. Barry, M. D,, S. W.; J. G. Blish, J. W,; H. N. Wyckoff, T.; John Fox, S. He sent a certificate signed on the 6th day of May. 1879, signifying his consent and approval, and making the 1 appointment of the officers according to the canons. Im- mediately after this date steps were taken toward the erection of a church building, which resulted in the cash purchase of land enough to build the church edifice upon, and yet leaving 174 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. room for a rectory, which the congre- gation hope soon to have erected. The building committee was composed of Dr. E. L. H. Barry, Charles Catt, John Fox, M. E. Bagley and the rector, Rev. G. W. G. Van Winkle, the corner stone of the new edifice being laid on the 22d day of July, 1880, with appropriate ceremonies. The edifice, which is neatly constructed of brick, was com- pleted at a cost of $2,900, besides an addition of $'600 being expended for a lot, Much credit is due Dr. E. L. H. Barry for the active interest he manifested du- ring the time the building was under the course of construction, as it was un- doubtedly due to his efforts more than any other that the building was ever attempted at that time. On the 2d day of June, 1881, being the octave of the Ascension, the new church building was ready for occupancy, and was opened with appropriate service, conducted by the Rev. G. P. Betts, of the Trinity church, St. Louis. The Rev. T. W. Haskins, of Alton, and Rev. William Elmer, of Jacksonville, were also pres- ent. The church, at times since its or- ganization, has experienced difficulties to retain life and existence, but at pres- ent is in quite a flourishing condition, with a membership of about 30. Rev. William T. Whitmarsh is the present rector. The present officers of the church are : John Fox, senior warden; J. S. Holmes, junior warden; A. A. Shobe, clerk; E. P. Bagley, treasurer. DKI.AWARE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, KEMPER. On March 13, 1870, a meeting was held of those interested in organizing a Congregational church in this vicinity. This church gathering was held in the Delaware school house. At that meeting a committee was appointed, consisting of Orin Palmer, Elias Palmer and Luther Dodge, to draw up a consti- tution, articles of faith and a covenant, with instructions to report at a similar meeting to be held on Sunday, March 7, 1870. At the meeting held on that date, the committee reported favorably on organization, and brought in the covenant, articles of faith, etc., which were received, and acted upon favor- ably. On April 12, 1870, a council of neighboring churches was held, to take under consideration the advisability of organizing the Delaware church. This council passed favorably upon the idea. It was decided to postpone the election of officers for the time. The first mem- bers who entered into this organization were: Elias Palmer, Mrs. Phebe Palmer, Lora T. Palmer, Mrs. Martha J. Palmer, Mrs. Anna Twitchell and Mrs. Harriet S. Stowe. On January 4, 1875, officers were elected for the church, as follows : Messrs. Orin Palmer, clerk; Elias Palmer and Dennis Palmer, dea- cons; W. W. Larue, Orin Palmer and D. G. Twitchell, trustees. At the or- ganization of the church, Rev. H. D. Piatt preached for the congregation, but there was no regular pastor until 1875. Services were presided over in that time, however, by Revs. H. D. Piatt, R. M. Hall, William Harlan and E. Loomis. Rev. J. Scott Davis, a Pres- byterian preacher, was the first regular pastor, commencing in 1875. He was succeeded by Rev. H. D. Park, also a Presbyterian, who preached here till May 1, 1877, when he was followed by HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 175 Rev. H. D. Piatt. After his retirement, the pastorate was again vacant. Rev. I. W. Baker then came, remaining three months. He was succeeded by Rev. J. W. Phillips, who was pastor for two years. In March, 1SS4, the present pastor, Rev. P. B. Vest took charge of this flock. The first church edifice of this congregation was built where the present one stands, in 1878, the build- ing committee being J. C. Dannell, Den- nis Palmer and Orin Palmer. It cost about 13,500. Part of this sum was left by William Palmer, who set aside in his will $500 for that purpose. That building was destroyed by fire on the night of Dec. 25, 1879. The building proper was totally consumed, but the foundation was saved, as were also the doors, windows, seats, pulpit, etc. In the spring of 1880 the work of rebuilding was commenced, which was completed in the spring of 1881. The cost of the new building was $2,500, aside from what was saved from the fire. The building committee for the latter structure was composed of John C. Dannell, Dennis Palmer, Milo Stowe, and V. L. Dodge. The seating capacity, including gallery, is about 300. The membership at present is 69, and the church is in fair condition. There have been no changes in the of- fices of clerk or deacons. Olive S. Palmer is treasurer. G. D. Twitchell, Orin Palmer, and Mrs. Harriet S. Stowe are trustees. This church has a parsonage for its pastor, purchased in April, 1884, at a cost of $600. BETHEL BAPTIST CHURCH, RUYLE TOWN- SHIP, The early records of this church have been lost or destroyed, and but few dates are obtainable from which to write its history. It was organized on May 22, 1834, in a schoolhouse which then stood close to where the church building now stands. Revs. Moses Lee- man and Elijah Dodson guiding the or- ganization. The members of whom it was at first composed had formerly belonged to the Kane church, but for convenience, branched off, in Jorder to hold services near their places of resi- dence. When the present school hoUse of district No. 2 was erected, they com- menced to hold meetings there, and so continued until the present house of worship was built. This handsome structure is the free gift of Robert La- tham, a benevolent gentleman, now de- ceased. Work was commenced on it in 1880, and finished in 1881. The cost was about 2,000. The present officers of the church are: John Fink, R. W. Stroud and Enos Johnson, trustees; John Fink and Lewis Gilworth, dea- cons. The membership is about 73, and the church is in good condition, some 20 additions having been made the past winter. Rev. S. F. Rice, of Medora, is the present pastor. LEBANON BAPTIST CHURCH. This society erected a church building in 1850. Among its first members were Samuel Erwin and wife, N. P. Jobn- nessee and wife, Jonas Bradshaw and wife, John Vaughn and wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Routh, Joseph Brown and wife. Samuel Erwin was the first deacon, and N. P. Johnnessee was clerk. The first minister was Rev. Jacob Rhodes, and preached the first sermon in the church. The church edifice was remodeled in 1S72. The present officers 176 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. of the church are: Samuel Erwin, I). E. Seago and Thomas Miller, deacons; J. G. Erwin, clerk. Isaac D. Crawford is the present pafstor. The church has a membership of 54 in good standing. FIRST MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH, MIS- SISSIPPI TOWNSHIP. Rev. John Clark organized a Baptist church in 1*26, at the house of John Mellow, which is known by the above designation. Among the first members were: John Lofton and wife, John Mc- Dow and wife, Josiah P. Askew and wife, Joab White and wife, Mrs. Mary McDow, Mrs. Matilda McDow, and Samuel Lof- ton. They held meetings for a number of years, and finally built a church on the northeast quarter of Sec. 17. It was a frame structure, about 30x40 feet in size. It was blown down and com- pletely destroyed by a cyclone, and never rebuilt. The congregation was very large for that day. OTTER CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH. In June, 1855, the religious society known as the Otter Creek Baptist church was organized by Revs. B. B. Hamilton, Alvin Bailey, I). P. French, R. C. Ball, Aaron Dodson and Elder John Brown. Twenty persons were associated with the society at its organization Services were then held in the upper rooms of the old stone school house, which stood on the site of the present Otterville school. The first regular pastor was Rev. R. C. Keele, who officiated here six months. Then came B. B. Hamil- ton, who remained one year; George P. Guild and Aaron Dodson, who preached alternately, one year; A. Dodson, two years; H. T. Chilton, two years; A. Dodson, three years; then J. \V. Terry, six months; David Matlock, 11 months; Aaron Dodson, one year and six months; Rev. Lamb, six months; B. B. Hamil- ton, one year; Geo. W. Robinson, six months. He was succeeded by A. Dod- son, who still retains the pastorate. The church edifice of this congregation is constructed of brick, and is 34x56 feet in ground dimensions. It was com- menced in 1871, and finished in 1873, the total cost being about $10,000. Ser- vices are being held on alternate Sun- days, and Sabbath school sessions are held each week. The present member- ship of the society is 41. The church building is located near the center of the village of Otterville. ANTIOCH BAPTIST CHURCH, OTTER CREEK TOWNSHIP. This society has its church building in the village of Otterville. It was erected in 1872 at a cost of $1,200. It is 24x36 feet in dimension, of frame con- struction. The edifice was dedicated by Rev. Butler, of Alton. The first pastor was Rev. Aaron Dodson. Rev. Isaac Crawford now administers to the spiritual welfare of the flock. When the church building was erected the membership was (55, but it has since fallen off to some extent, so that it is now 40. However, the congregation is in a prosperous condition at present. The church building is located on the northeast corner of the southeast quar- ter of section 36. COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH OF JERSEYVILLE This church was organized about the year 1858, by Elder James H. Johnson. The first officers were: P. S. Brayden, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY W. M. Phillips and Samuel Evans, trustees: P. S. Brayden, clerk, and W. M. Phillips, treasurer. Among the first members were: Cynthia Brown, Hen- rietta Johnson, John Barton, America Barton, P. S. Brayden, W. M. Phillips and Samuel Evans. They held meet- ings for two or three years at private residences. About the year l.sijii the present church building was erected. It is a brick structure 30x50 feet in ground area, and cost $1,500. The pas- tors of this church have been: Revs. .1 . H.Johnson, Jackson Robinson, G. M. Davis, S. J. Griswell, L. A. Coleman and J. \V. Jones, the present pastor or elder. The membership at present is about 6.5. The officers of the church at the present time are: William Swan. clerk; Andrew Thomas, John Waddle, William Dillon and Joseph Hunter, deacons; P. S. Brayden, William Swan, John Brown, Andrew Thomas. John Waddle and William Dillon, trustees; Andrew Thomas, treasurer. There is a Sunday school in connection with the church, which has an attendance of about 20. William Swan is the super- intendent. KEMPER BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was an offshoot of the Medora Baptist church. It was organ- ized April 1, 1876, with the following original members: Jas. W. Rhodes, Sarah Rhodes, John B. Rhodes, John Davis, Margaret Davis, Lewis Elliott, Serena Elliott, Benjamin Taylor, Mary Taylor, Arthur McDonald, Hezekiah Rhodes, John McCann, Chas. Beaver, Mary Snow, Delia Snow, James T. Elliott, Maria A. Elliott, Thomas P. Ruyle, Mary Ruyle, Alice Ruyle, Eliza- heth Ketcham, Susan McCann. The trustees were: John B. Rhodes, John Beaver and Lewis Elliott. The first minister was William M. Rhodes, who occupied the pulpit until 1880. He was followed Ly Lev. B. Culp, who preached during 1881, being succeeded by Rev. John W. Bush, who is pastor at the present time. The church has its own building, and is in a prosperous condi- tion. B. C. Elliott is church clerk. The membership at present is about tin, a large portion being farmers living in the neighborhood. FIDELITY R.U'TIST CHURCH, OF FIDELITY TOWNSHIP. This congregation was organized on the 4th day of Sept., 1853, by Elders Joel Terry, William Hill, J. Buckley and Ezekiel Dodson, the last named a licentiate. The following members were constituted into a church, to he known as the Fidelity Baptist church of Christ: John H. Reddish, Samuel Rich, David P. Pritchett, Samuel W. Sexton, Catharine L. Sexton. Emily Hauskins, Mary Rich, Mary Reddish and Lydia W. Pritchett. They first met in the old school house, at Fidel- ity, and continued to hold their meet- ings there for some time. After giving up the school house ;is a place of wor- ship, they met in session with the Methodists. In lSUil, they commenced holding meetings in Ruyle's National hall, Fidelity, where services were held until the present church edifice whs erected- At a meeting held May.".. 1873, Brethren Tompkins, R. T. Rich and William Hooper were appointed to look up the feasibility of building a house of worship. On July 25, 1873, 178 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Messrs. Tompkins, Shannon, S. Rich, J. C. Marshal] and T. C. Watson were appointed a building committee, with ] lower to select a site, secure a plan, etc. R. T. Rich and W. Hooper were afterwards added to the committee, and S. Rich, R. T. Rich and W. Hooper were elected trustees. Work was soon begun and the building rapidly pro- ceeded to completion. It was dedicated November 9, 1873, by Rev. Bulkley. Joel Terry was the first pastor of the church, and Samuel Rich was the first clerk. The pastors after the first were B. B. Hamilton, G. Seymore, J. Terry, G. P. Guild, H. T. Chilton, A. J. De- leno, H. D. Weaver, S. Adams, S. M. Whiting, S. Hussey, D. Seckman, T. S. Lowe, J. E. Roberts, J. F. Wells, J. F. Baker, William F. Allen, W. H. Beeby, J. H. Beeven and A. E. Carson. Sam- uel Rich was the first clerk of the church. He held that position until succeeded by the present incumbent. The officers of the congregation at pres- ent are D. P. Pritchett, Samuel Rich and Benjamin Foster, deacons; Wil- liam Hooper, clerk; Samuel Rich, W. Hooper and T. A. Price, trustees. There are at present about DO members. The church is in a reasonably flourish? ing condition. NEWBEKN CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIA X CHURCH. This society was organized on the 14th day of March, 1867, The follow- ing wese the original members : Nelson M. Lurton, Daniel Cornelius, Joshua Manning, Robert Dymond, Selina E. McDow, Daniel King, Bartholomew Milford, William Sego, Mary Dymond, Ellen Haines, Hannah Snyder, Joshua Lurton, Mary C. McDow, Melissa Waid, Maitha McDow, Maria Bell, Elca Cor- nelius, William C. Bell, Nancy E. Mc- Dow, Eliza J. McDow. John R. Corne- lius, J. W. Russett, Jonathan Manning, Mary J. Wadman, Nancy E. Bell, Mar- tha Bell. Leonard P. Hell, Ellen Bur- ley, John M. Piggott, Jonathan Ward, William C. Milford, Leonard Briggs, Martha Burley, Anna Slowman, John Manning, James Bell, Joel Burley, Emma Lurton, Mary J. Lurton, Sarah Manning. Nelson M. Lurton and Rob- ert Dymond were chosen elders; Wil- liam C. Bell and Daniel Cornelius, deacons; and Nelson M. Lurton. clerk Rev. Daniel R. Bell was the first pas- tor, who also organized the church. The present officers are as follows: Nelson M. Lurton, Robert Dymond and John Buckles, elders; Nelson M. Lur- ton, clerk. Robert M. Smith is the present pastor, who preaches regularly every four weeks, although services are held more frequently by William Lo- gan, of Alton, and John H. Belt, of English township. The church build- ing, which stands on the southeast quarter of section 32, was completed in tin' summer of 1859. It is a frame structure, 32x50 feet in size, with 16- fooi ceiling, and cost about $2,500. The church lot, which contains about half an acre, was deeded to the society by Jacob Lurton. At one time the society had a membership of about 125, and was very prosperous, but at present the membership numbers only about 30, many having moved away, withdrawn, etc. FIELDON CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN. This church was organized in this township by Rev. Joshua Lowrance, in HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 1S1 the year 1841, in the pioneer school house of that village, with James Ma- gee, Henry Warren and George Crosby as elders. Services were held in the old school house at Fieldon until 1877. In that year the society erected a sub- stantial church edifice in Fieldon. It is a frame structure 26 feet wide by 44 feet in depth, and was built at a cost of $2,500. It is well supplied with com- fortable seats, has a good organ and a bell. Rev. John H. Belt has been the regular pastor ever since the building of the present church. Rev. Daniel Bell was pastor of the church in 1861 and 1862, ami Rev. T. R. Shull was pastor for a long time. The present elders are: George W. Shaffer, James H. Belt, George A. Harmon and YVm. II. H. West. There is a membership of about 40, and the society is in a flourishing condition. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, JER- SEY VILLE. The now powerful society of christian people of the above denomination had but a feeble beginning. Very early in the history of tthe town, sermons were doubtless preached by itinerant preach- ers of this sect, but nothing like any sustained effort occurred until about 1837, when services were held here by Revs. J. B. Wollard and William Gan- naway, preachers in charge of the circuit. In the following year the Alton district of the Illinois conference was formed and Revs. George W. Robbins and William Meldrum were appointed to the circuit. Under the ministrations of the former a society was formed in July, 1839, from which this church has grown. This class was formed in an upper chamber of the house of Josiah Mulkins, on the southeast corner of State and Pearl streets, and consisted of the following seven members: Samuel Pitman, Richard Johnson, Josiah Mul- kins, Mary Ann A. Mulkins, Hannah Hankins, E. VanPelt and Sarah Van Pelt. Samuel Pitman was chosen class- leader. Revs. Norman Allya. and N. P. Heath were appointed to what was then known as the Grafton circuit, which included Jerseyville, and were the first regular preachers to this little church. In 1840, this territory was included in the Jacksonville district, of which the honored Peter Cartwright was presiding elder. For more than ten years, this circuit was supplied with the regular circuit riders of those days. There were, Rev. W. S. Mc] Mur- ray, 1840; James H. Dickens and Joseph Kelly, 1841; Lewis Anderson and H. S. Shaw, 1842; C. D. James and J. P. Sebastian, 1843; C. D. James and Charles Holliday, 1844. In 1845, this was made Jerseyville circuit and was served that year by Revs. James Leaton and L. C. Pitner. The others were, John Mathers and Joseph Lane, in 1846; Elijah Cor- rington and T. N. McCorkle, 1847; T. W. Jones and J. Goodrick, 1848; B. C. Wood and J. H. Dodson, 1849; C. W. Lewis and John Sappington, i850; S. II . Culver and Z. R. Piercy, 1851. In 1852, the little church in Jerseyville was made a station and was again included in the Alton district. The first church edifice of this infant church was erected during the years from 1843 to 1847. It was a plain but neat frame building 34x40 feet in ground area, and cost about $'.100. The lot on which it stood, on the corner of Liberty 182 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. and Exchange streets, was 100x110 feet in size, and was presented to the society by Major Gershom Patterson. The subscription paper, toward building the church, was written on New Year's day, 1843, at the residence of E. Van Pelt. The society being but few in number and those of but limited means, it was only after a struggle of several years that the edifice was completed. It was dedicated in 1847, by Rev. Peter Akers, D. D. Many were now added to this church, and many revivals added num- bers to the church and it prospered with the years of its growth. In 1868, the society under the ministration of Rev. John W. Caldwell, determined to build a larger and more stately edifice, and on the 17th of August, 1868, the corner stone of the new building, which was planned by William Embley, the well known architect of Jerseyville, was laid by Rev. B. P. Crary, D. D., assisted by Revs. Isaac N. Hill, Samuel Walker, E. A. Hoyt and J. W. Caldwell. The first mentioned of these assistants was the Baptist minister. This edifice was so far completed during the pastorate of Rev. W. H. Reed, that it was impres- sively dedicated to the service of the Divine King, on the the 1st of Jan., 1871. The services were conducted by Rev. Thomas Bowman, D. D., since bishop of the church, assisted by the following gentlemen: Rev. J. S. Mor- rison, presiding elder; Rev. Winfield S. Sly, of Kane; Rev. J. W. Van Cleve, of Otterville; Rev. J. F. Baker, pastor of the Second Presbyterian church; Rev. A. F. Hutchinson, pastor of the Cum- berland Presbytepian church; Rev. Isaac N. Hill, pastor of the Baptist church; Rev. George I. King. D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian church, and Rev. W. H. Reed, the pastor of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. Dr. Bowman preached a powerful sermon in the morning, and as there was a debt of $4,000, to be provided for, he asked for subscriptions to that amount, and re- ceived pledges for $4,047.50, of which amount $3,767.50 was afterwards paid. The trustees who presented the edifice to Dr. Bowman for dedication were, John F. Smith, Joseph G. Marston, C. M. Hamilton, Francis Orborn, John Christopher, Charles N. Adams and Charles Brooks. The church furniture was beautiful and appropriate. Dr. Caleb DuHadway presented the Bible and hymn book for the pulpit; David T. Bonnell, the chandeliers; Mrs. Sarah Holdridge and other ladies, an elegant communion set; the young ladies of the church, the cushioned chairs for the pulpit; and the carpets and pulpit by the ladies of the society. The edifice is 42x72 in ground area, one story high, built of brick, with a slate roof, and is a fine specimen of the Gothic order of architecture, The ceil- ing, inside is 20 feet high at the sides, and 28 feet at the apex. The brick work was done by Joseph Langliss and Lewis R. Myers; the carpenter work princi- pally by N. F. Smith, Jr., the plaster- ing by William J. Pittinger, and the painting and glazing by Wm. Hall and George Parent. The original cost of the building, was about $12,000, but sev- eral additions, improvements, etc., make the property of considerable more value than that at the present time. The building committee consisted of William Embley, John E. VanPelt and Francis Osborn, but the first two were succeeded HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 183 by Ezekiel Davison and Clarence M. Hamilton. Dining the 32 years that have inter- vened between the time when this was made a station the following gentlemen have had spiritual charge of this con- gregation: Revs. S. H. Culver, 1852-3; A. L. Rish-y, 1853-4; J. W. Caldwell, 1854-5; C. J. Houts, 1S55-7; J. W. Cald- well, 1857-8; H. B. Taylor, 1858-9; Dr, J. B. Corrington, 1859-61; Joseph Earp, 1861-2; - Dr. John VanCleve, 1862-4; William Cliffe, 1864-6; J. W. Caldwell, 1866-9; W. H. Heed, 1869-71; John W. Phillips, 1871-3; F. L. Thompson, 1873-6; Daniel W. Phillips, 1876-9; J. W. VanCleve, 1879-80; Eugene May, 1880-2; C. E. ('line, 1882-3, and T. M. Van Treese. the present efficient pastor who was appointed to this charge at the conference at Belleville, Sept. 19, 1883, and who has served ever since. On the 17th of Nov. 1883, Mr. Van Freese, com- menced revival services, which many of his predecessors had done with excellent results, and this was the means of the conversion of over 200, and an addition of 110 to full membership of the church. The present board of trustees consists of Francis Osborn, Francis M. Cowen, Charles N. Adams, William Hall,Thos. McReynolds, A. M. Slaten, and Clarence M. Hamilton. The board of stewards embraces J. N. English, Jr.. Morris R. Locke, Henry Maxwell, Philip Paul, Thomas C. Kellar, and Thomas J. McReynolds. There is a fine Sabbath school in connection with the church, J. W. Phillips is now presiding elder. M. E. CHURCH, FIDELITY TOWNSHIP. The class was formed in the fall of 1856, by Rev. (i. W. Waggoner. There were original members as follows: Daniel Osborne and wife, Frank Beaty and wife, Henry Arnspiger and wife, Mis. Adams, Mrs. Eliza- beth Armstrong and two others. They met in the old school house just east of the main north and south street. In the fall of 1858 the present church building was commenced, and finished and dedicated in the summer of 1859. Dr. John VanCleve officiated at the dedication. Fidelity was on the Jersey- ville circuit when the first organization was effected. The next year the Kane circuit was formed, to which it was attached. The following is a list of the preachers down to the present time: 1856-57, G. W. Waggoner; 1857-58, W. (I. Moore; 1858-59, J. D. Gillham; 1859-60, L. Casey and J. W. Caldwell; 1860-61, D. H. Stubblefield; 1861-C.2. D. H. Stubblefield; 1862-64, I. W. Thombs; 1X64— 65, James Johnson; 1865 67, Samuel Walker; 1867-68, E. A. Hoyt; 1868-69, James P. Dew. In the fall of 1869, the work was divided and Fidelity was attached to Piasa, under the name of Fidelity anil Piasa circuit. Since then the preachers here have been as follows: 1869-70, A. Bliss; 1870-72, R. S. Moore; 1872-73, D. P.. Van Winkle; 1873-75, L. C. English; 1875-76, Win. Wallace; 1876-78, N. E. Harmon; 1878- 79, J. W. Caldwell; 1880-84, Lemuel Cramp; 1884-85, R. Z. Fahs. He is the present pastor. The church building is valued at $2,500. There are at present about 60 members, and the congregation is in a flourishing condition. SHII.OH M. E. CHURCH, OTTER CREEK TP. This church was built in 1S59, a man named Grubb being the contractor. It 184 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN TY. is 24x30 feet in dimensions, and was erected at an expense of $1,200. There is a membership of 30, and the interest manifested is fair. Rev. J. T. Hoffman is the pastor. MEADOW BRANCH METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ROSEDALE TOWNSHIP. This was at first a Protestant Metho- dist church, and services were held at the residences of the various members. The first preacher was William Tipton. Among the first members of this church was J. L. Beirne, and it generally de- volved upon him to secure a preacher for these meetings. The church was afterward changed to make it Methodist Episcopal, and the first preacher after the change was Rev. Leander Leggate. There were about 12 members, who finally met to devise means for the erec- tion of a house of worship. These efforts culminated in the erection of a church building, 26x30 feet in size, built of logs, the work being done by the people of the neighborhood, and everything requiring the expenditure of money being accompanied by raising donations. The work was superin- tended by Mr. Stubblefield. The build- ing was erected in 1867. About 20 members are connected with the church. FIELDON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This body was organized in Decem- ber, 1884, by Rev. Huffman, of Grafton. Among the first members were Mrs. Darby, Henry Rice and wife, Mrs. Frank Brown, Mrs. James Brown, Delia Harmon, Lucy Briggs, Mrs. Lucy Depper, Mrs. Luella Cutler and Mrs. Allie Reddish. The officers of the con- gregation are Henry Rice, class leader; Mrs. Luella Cutler, collector. The preachers at present are Revs. Huffman and Cole. The former is from Grafton and the latter from Elsah. The pres- ent membership is about 15. The con- gregation has as yet no house of wor- ship of its own, but services are held every two weeks in the Cumberland Presbyterian church. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, OF RK'H- WOODS TOWNSHIP. A class was organized at the house of James Turner about the year 1839. Rev. McMurry was present at the meet- ing and effected the organization. This was the pioneer Methodist Episcopal organization in Richwoods township. The second class of this church in Richwoods township was organized at Fieldon, in 1842, by Revs. Allen, C. D. James, Pinkard Heath and William Jerome. All of these early ministers of the gospel were identified with the progress of the church in Richwoods township and Jersey county. William Jerome, one of those mentioned, was quite a prominent man in his day. In the early days of the county he kept a store west of Kane, but in 1841 removed to Sec. 2, T. 6, R. 11, in what is now Elsah township. He had acquired con- siderable property before he left the county and removed to Madison county. He was married, the second time, to Mrs. Ezekiel Gillham. HOPEWELL METHODIST CHURCH, FIDELITY TOWNSHIP. The church building of this society was the first one erected in Fidelity township. Some of the first members were: James Cummings, Sabie Cum- mings, Maria Cummings, Jeremiah Bell, Mary Bell, Ann Chapman, Sam- uel C. Simmons, Richard J. Simmons, Sarah E. Simmons, Jeremiah Tyndall and wife. The first class leader war- James Cummings. The old church was occupied solely by the Methodists until 1873, when they united with the Baptists, and erected a union church, of which a Mr. Gifford was the archi- tect. Of the Baptist members, the older ones are Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett, Jefferson Carzine and wife, Revs. Wat- terman and Aaron Trabue. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ELS.UI. The Methodists have the only relig- ious organization at Elsah. The society consists of 55 members, with the fol- lowing officers: Richard Hansel and Mary Hansel, stewards; W. T. Onetto, William Rhodes, Sr., T. F. Hansel, J. Kisler and C. Beslerfeldt, trustees; T. F. Hausel, superintendent of Sabbath school. The parsonage was erected in 1S5U, during the labors of Rev. C. J. T. Tulle, at a cost of $1,304.96. It is con- structed of brick, two stories high, and is 24x28 feet in size, occupying two lots fronting on Valley street. The church edifice was built during the pastorate of Rev. N. E. Harmon. It is 26x42 feet in size and was completed at a cost of about S2,(X)0. The lots upon which it stands were donated to the society by the Elsah Building and Manufacturing Company. The building, which was dedicated by Rev. George W. Hughey, Dec. 13, 1874, is entirely free from any indebtedness, as is, also, all the prop- erty of the church. Since the erection of the church the following have served as pastors: N. E. Harmon, H. Delicate, A. C. Greenlaw, G. W. Farmer, S. J. Harrington, L. Cramp, J. VanCleve, R. Z. Fahs, and L. E. Cole. Of these ministers H. Delicate died at Wanda, in 1> S 2: A. L. Greenlaw withdrew; Rev. Farmer died at the hospital for the insane, at Anna, 111., Aug. 24, 1884; Rev. Harrington died at Elsah. in 1880; and the remainder are still preaching the gospel. BETHEL M. E. CHl'KCH, MISSISSIPPI Tr. This class was organized at the house of John D. Gillham, in 182:], by Rev. Jacob Lurton, Sr., the pioneer preacher. Among the original members were: John D. Gillham and wife, Ezekiel Gillham and wife, Mrs. Jane Gillham, her two daughters, Sarah and Margaret, Thomas G. Lofton and William G. Waddle. Rev. Jacob Lurton, Sr., was pastor of the church at that time, and continued to serve in that capacity until his death. Services were held in private houses, and such other places as were convenient, until about the year 1835, when a frame structure, 2Ux36 feet in size, was erected on the southwest quarter of section 27. It outlived its usefulness as a house of worship, and was afterward used as a barn by George Briggs. The present church edifice was built near the site of the old one, in the year 1873. It is a frame structure, 30x40 feet in ground area. The .dedi- cation sermon was preached by Rev. Joseph Earp. The first pastor in this church was Rev. Washington Waggoner. The class then contained,' among oth- ers, the following members: J John Buckles, Marcus" Gillham^Geo. Briggs, Samuel Darlington, Messrs. Blyler and McAdams, and Fletcher Gillham. The 186 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. pastor at the present time is Rev. L. E. Cole. The trustees are: Wm. Onetto, John Buckles, and J. K. Cadwalader. Previous to the war this was one of the largest and most prosperous church or- ganizations in the county, but at pres- ent the congregation is quite small. Services are held in the church on every second Sunday. GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, JERSEYVILLE. This church was organized in 1870, and in that year the society purchased for $300 the house of worship of the German Methodist congregation. This edifice was erected in 1856. It is 24x36 feet in ground area, and has a 14-foot ceiling. It is of frame construction. Among the first members were: Adolph Bayer, Charles Rutter, Henry Bayer, Henry F. Bayer, William Egelhoff, Conrad Borger, V. Vellinger, Henry A. Brandt, Charles Jacobs, Jacob Gum- merdinger, Paul Glohr, John Boon, Jacob Fryer, Louisa Grosseau and Wm. Dopper. The pastors up to the present time have been: Anton Michael, Weissinger, Fred Eshenfeld, Fred Schmale, and Edward Wurst. The present officers are: Conrad Borger, president; Charles Rutter, treasurer; Charles Neumeyer, clerk; Christian Harms, vice-president. The officers at the organization of the church were: Charles Jacobs, president; William Dopper, vice-president; Henry Brandt, clerk; John Boon, treasurer. The mem- bership at present numbers about 20. Rev. Carl Lengtat is the present pastor. GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH, PIELDON. This church assumed organization in Dec, 1867. The first officers were: August Berger, president; George Arke- bauer, secretary; Henry Brockmeyer, treasurer. The first minister was Rev. Charles Muentor. The society has, as yet, no house of worship of its own con- struction, though a movement has been under way which will probably result in the erection of a church building in the near future. They purchased the Wyne property, and have held services there up to the present time. There are now 53 members. The present officers are: H. Groppel, president; (ieorge Arke- bauer, secretary; Henry Brockmeyer, treasurer. Rev. Herman Taeger is at present administering to the spiritual welfare of the congregation. CATHOLIC CHURCH OF JERSEYVILLE. The first service ever held by the Catholics in Jerseyville, and probably in Jersey county, was at the house of Mr. William Shephard, in the fall of 1841, Rev. Father Hamilton, of the Upper Alton parish, officiating. After that time Father Carroll, of Alton, occa- sionally visited here and held services in various private houses, and in the court house. In 1848 or 9, Wm. Shep- hard, F. Bertman, William Kelley, and a few others, purchased from J. A. and and J. C. Barr, a lot of ground, upon which to erect a church, but it was not until 1857 that the building of a small frame church was commenced, and in the latter part of July, 1858, although it was not completed, it was dedicated by Right Rev. H. D. Juncker, bishop of Alton. Father Margum was the first priest stationed permanently here. He began his labors in August, 1858, and remained until April, 1860, during which time he had the church plastered and HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 187 seated. He was succeeded by Father Morrill, who remained until the 1st of Feb. 1861. His successor was Father Laurent, who, during his ministry, had the comfortable and convenient parson- age built, and secured ground for the Catholic cemetery. Father Laurent remained until Feb. 1865, when Father Hovin was appointed in his stead, and was succeeded by Father Sullivan, in Dec. 1860, who remained pastor until 1868. During Father Sullivan's ministry the foundation of the new church was commenced, as the old frame church, which had been used for the past ten years, was found too small, and was removed to another part of the city, where it was used by the society for church purposes and a day school. The corner stone of the stately and commo- dious edifice was laid in the month of May, 1868, with appropriate ceremonies, by Bishop Juncker, of Alton dio- cese. The building was pushed very rapidly forward, and was dedicated on the 4th day of July, 1871. The structure was planned by William Embley, of Jersey ville, who is one of the most suc- cessful architects in this region, and will stand as a monument to his skill and ability for many years. The main body of the church is 55x110 feet in dimensions, and is built in the early English style. The body of the edifice is built of brick, 800,000 being required in its construction. The stone trimmings are from the celebrated Grafton quar- ries. The extreme height of the tower from the pavement is 140 feet, and it occupies the center of the main front, and in the lower are stairs leading to the gallery and choir. In the rear of the main audience room stands the high altar, in a semi-circular chancel, on either side of which, and facing each of the side aisles, are the small altars. Between the high altar and the small ones, and in the chancel, are the doors leading to the sacristy where the con- fessionals are placed. The church has sittings on the main floor for 800 per- sons, and 250 in the gallery. The roof is constructed of wood, and is self-sup- porting, vaulted in the center and level ceilings on each side, and is divided into bays by ornamental arches springing from elaborate brackets. The vault is groined with moulded ribs from each bracket and the intersections covered with ornamental bosses. The height of the ceiling in the center of the nave is 43 feet, and over the aisles, 25 feet high. The interior of the doors and windows have moulded labels over them, termin- ated by ornamental drops. Masons from Alton did the brick work, Nichol T. Smith, Jr., the carpen- ter work, and Coddington & Erwin the plastering, all of which is done in the best, workmanlike manner, and when entirely completed cost about $25,000. The edifice is situated on South State street, on as commanding and elevated a position as St. Paul's church, on Broadway, in New York, and can be seen for miles around. Rev. Father Harty succeeded Father Sullivan in December, 1868. Since he has had charge of the society, the German Ca- tholics withdrew and formed a separate church, but the congregation has not decreased any from the original number, owing to the new members received into the church. The church is entirely out of debt. Previous to 1839, Thomas Carroll, Mrs. Mary A. CummingS, and the Car- rolls who resided at Otter Creek, were the only Catholics in this county. The number was increased that year by Win. Shephard, .Tames Flaimigan and Wil- liam Kelley, the latter being the first person ever married in the county by a priest, which occurred in 1839, Father Hamilton officiating. Up to 1840 there was neither a church nor a priest between Alton and Terre Haute, Ind., and a Catholic was not heard of at Car- linville, Hillsboro, Bunker Hill, Van- dalia, Paris, Charleston, and other points where they now have large churches and flourishing societies. Be- fore many years another diocese will have to be formed. The Rev. James Harty was born in Waterford county, Ireland, in Decem- ber, 1836. He neceived his classical education at Mount Mellery, and went through his theological course at All Hallows' College, in the city of Dublin. He emigrated to this country in Octo- ber, 18fi2, and was ordained in the city of Alton, 111., Dec. 4, 1863. His first pastoral labors were in the Alton cathe- dral, where he remained until Aug. 15, 1868, when he came to Jerseyville, where he still remains. His labors as pastor of St. Francis' church, have been arduous, and valuable to his charge. The erection of their fine church edifice is the result of the pastor's energy and the munificent donations of its mem- bership. Father Harty is a gentleman of literary culture, and is among the well- read theologians of the church to which he is attached. ST. MICHAEL CATHOLIC CHURCH, ELSAB TP. The edifice of this denomination is situated on a high nob, on the southeast quarter of section 14. It is a frame structure 30x60 feet in dimensions, and was erected in 1877, at a cost of $2,000, being furnished at an additional cost of about $300. In addition to one acre of ground used as a church lot, there is a cemetery of two acres located near the church. The dedicatory services of the church occurred in March, 1878, and were conducted by Father Peters, of Alton. Rev. Father A. Marks is the present pastor of the church. CATHOLIC CHURCH AT GRAFTON. The first services of the Catholic church were held at the house of Sarah Dempsey, by Father Manyan, in 1857. The next priest was Father Carroll, who held services in the school house. Following Father Carroll was Bishop Juncker, who held meetings in the Methodist church building. Then came Father Sullivan and Father Laurant, successively, who secured a room over the store of John Slaten, in which to hold services. The next priest was Rev. Father Harty, of Jerseyville, who held meetings in the school house and private residences of the place. The first priest to be stationed here was Father Burke, who conducted services in the Quarry hall until the present church building was erected in 1871, and continued here about 14 months. He was succeeded by Father McGonin, who remained but four months, giving way to Father Chinsick, who was suc- ceeded eight months later by Fathers Rhine, Dateman and Rosenmiller, the hitter remaining some five or six years, and was the last regular priest of the church. Services are now held once a HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 189 month by Father Marks, of Jerseyville. The church building is constructed of stone, 45x65 feet in ground area, and is well furnished throughout. GERMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, JERSEYVILLE. On the 11th day of June, 1883, the Very Rev. Father Janssen, vicar-general of the diocese of Alton, 111., called a meeting of the German Catholics, of Jerseyville and vicinity, in that city, fur the purpose of organizing a congre- gation of that denomination and nation- ality. Many attended and a subscription list was initiated for the express purpose of raising funds to erect a church edifice. In the meantime the Second Presbyter- ian church building, on the corner of Spruce and Washington streets, was offered for sale, and at a second meeting, held a few weeks later, it was decided that it was more advisible to buy the building instead of erecting a new one. In the autumn of 1883, this was carried into execution, and the purchase made of the trustees of the Presbyterian church for $2,150. On obtaining posses- sion, the building underwent a large amount of alteration, and was decorated within in excellent taste, under the per- sonal direction and supervision of the Very Rev. Father Janssen. and upon Thanksgiving day of that same year, the church was dedicated by the bight Rev. P. J. Baltes, bishop of Alton, and the first mass celebrated. The same day the congregation was organized with Rev. F. A. Marks, as pastor, Henry Scheffer and Charles Schmeider, trus- ters. In this building they continued to worship until the destruction of the structure by fire, on the night of Sept. 19, 1884. The loss by this was not less than $5,000, including decorations, fur- niture, etc. Scarcely were the ashes cold, before a new subscription list opened, which was liberally responded to by the whole community. In the spring of 1885, the debris of the burnt building was cleared away and work commenced on the erection of the new building. This is of brick, 65x39 feet in ground area, built in the Gothic style, and is an ornament to the city. The cosl of the edifice is not far from $6,500. The congregation consists of about 150 people, all under the ministration of Rev. Father Marks. st. mary's catholic church, English township. The first services of this congregation were held at the residence of Mr. Heit- zig. The first priest remembered to have presided over the spiritual welfare of the flock was Father Temmel. The earliest baptism was that of a child named William Sauer. The present trustees are Stephen Funke and Joseph Kallal. There are about 30 families connected with the church. The church edifice is a neat, substantial building, which is located near the west line of the northeast quarter of Sec. 3D. Father Frank J. Reinhart is the present pastor. He resides near the church. 11)0 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. CHAPTER XIV. NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY REPRESENTATION. While unworthy man may at any and all times thrust themselves into office, in this free land, still it cannot but be acknowledged that the great body of the office-holders of the country, especially the elective ones, are truly representa- tive men — men of positive force and character. They are of the number of those that do much to build up and strengthen a town, a county or a state. In this chapter it has been the endeavor, so far as possible, to give slight sketches of all who have served the county of Jersey in the nation, state or county. That some of these are imperfect is known, but it should not be laid to the historian. Some that are mentioned have passed away from this mundane sphere, leaving no record from which a sketch could be written, while others have removed from this to other local- ities, and their present whereabouts is generally unknown. UNITED STATES SENATE. The county of Jersey has been among the few counties of the state that have had the honor of furnishing a senator to represent the great state of Illin- ois in the senate chamber of the United States. Samuel McRoberts, the United States senator from Illinois, dying on the 22d of March, 1843, Governor Ford appointed James Semple to fill the vacancy. This gentleman assumed the duties of the office, and discharged them to the uttermost satisfaction of everybody, serving from 1843 to 1847. A man, in every sense of the word, he made his mark upon the period of his existence and only gave way before the rising genius of one ofthe greatest states- men of the age, Stephen A. Douglas, who succeeded him. GEN. JAMES SEMPLE. General James Semple, deceased, a native of Greene county, Ky., was born January 5, 1798. He was the oldest son of Dr. John W. and Lucy (Robertson) Semple. Dr. Semple was a lineal descendant of the ancient Scottish family of that name, which was con- nected with leading events in the history of that kingdom for many generations. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the schools of Green- boro, Ky. After leaving school and when about 22 years old, he went to Chariton, Mo. Residing there only ahout one year, he returned to Louis- ville, Ky., commenced the study of law, and, in due time, was admitted to the bar. In 1828 Gen. Semple settled at Edwardsville, 111., where he began the practice of his profession, and soon became a leading member ofthe Madi- son county bar. Gen. Semple took a prominent part in the Black Hawk war, first as colonel of an Illinois regiment, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. l!tl and afterwards as a general officer. On his return he was elected to the legisla- ture, from Madison county, on the dem- ocratic ticket. Being twice re-elected, he was, for four years, speaker of the house of representatives. On the 5th of June, 1833, he was married to Mrs. Mary S. Mizner, daughter of Dr. Cairns, of Monroe county. 111. Mrs. Semple's father was a member of the first consti- tutional convention of Illinois, and held other prominent positions. The issue of this marriage was three daughters and one son. Two daughters, Mrs. L. V. S.Ames and Mrs. Ashley D. Seott, of St. Louis, Mo., and one son, Eugene Semple, of Vancouver, Wash- ington territory, still (1885) survive. In 1837 Gen. Semple, who had pre- viously been attorney-general of the state, was appointed by President Van Buren charge d'affairs of the U. S. at Bogota, which position he filled with credit until 1842, when he resigned and returned to his adopted state. In the fall of 1842 he was elected one of the justices of the supreme court of Illinois, and soon afterwards was appointed to the C S. Senate by Gov. Ford, to fill a vacancy in that body caused by the death of Senator McRoberts. Being afterward elected by the legislature to fill the unexpired term, Gen. Semple took a prominent part in national affairs, being the first to introduce a resolution in favor of the abrogation of our treaty with Great Britain, in regard to the joint occupancy of Oregon. This ques- tion was then one of paramount import- ance, and Gen. Semple always main- tained that our claim to 54° 40' north latitude, was clear, and that we ought to insist upon it, even at the cost of war. At the close of his senatorial term, Gen. Semple retired from politics entirely, and devoted himself to his private affairs. Sonic years afterward he became, by a combination of circum- stances, the most available candidate for governor of the state, and the demo- cratic nomination was tendered him, but, tn the regret of his friends, he refused to emerge from his retirement. The leading characteristic of Gen. Semple, and the secret of his continuous popularity, was his conscientious devo- tion to the duties of every position in life in which he found himself. He demeaned himself in office with Jeffer- sonian simplicity, and had faith in the continued existence- of the Republic. He died at his country residence, Trevue, near Elsah, Illinois, on the 20th day of Dec, 1866, and was buried in Bellfontaine cemetery, near St. Louis, Mo. Lucy V. Semple, second daughter of Gen. Semple, who inherited much of the talent and energy of her distin- guished father, remains in Jersey county, as the representative of the Semple family. She was married in 1861) to Edgar Ames, Esq., one of the most prominent and wealthy merchants lit' St. Louis. By the death of her husband, in 1867, she was left with the care of four children and a vast estate. By providence and foresight she has acquitted herself with credit in both these responsible positions. In pur- suance of the plans of her husband and in the fulfillment of the wishes of her father, she has built an imposing resi- dence on the bluff's overlooking the village of Elsah and the Mississippi river, on the old estate of Trevue. Here sh*e resides during most of each 192 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. year, and while dispensing the hospi- talities of "Notch Cliff," contributes largely to the material prosperity of the village and surrounding country. CONGRESSIONAL. When the county of Jersey was cut off from that of Greene and organized as a separate county, the State of Illi- nois constituted butthree congressional districts, and Jersey county, a part of the third district, was represented in the 26th congress, from 1839 to 1841, by John T. Stuart, a resident of Spring- field. He was re-elected to the 27th congress, and served until March 4, 1843. This gentleman was born in Fayette county, Ky., Nov. 10, 1807. He was educated at Danville college, Kentucky, graduating in 1826, and stud- ied law under Judge Breck. In 1828 he came to Springfield and entered upon the practice of law. It was in his office that Abraham Lincoln studied for the bar. In 1838 he ran against Stephen A. Douglas for congress, and beat him, and in 1841 was re-elected, as above stated. During his congressional career, he, du- ring the session of 1841-3, secured an appropriation for the harbor at Chicago. By the apportionment act of March 1, 1843, the state of Illinois was divided into seven districts, and, in re-district- ing, the county of Jersey was placed in the fifth congressional district. The first election held under this act was in August, 1843, and Stephen A. Douglas, of Quincy, was elected. The district was composed of the counties of Greene, Jersey, Calhoun, Pike, Adams, Mar- quette, Brown, Schuyler, Fulton, Peoria and Macoupin. Douglas represented this district in the 28th congress, from 1843 to 1845; was re-elected to the 29th congress, but resigned before the expir- ation of his second term. Stephen A. Douglas, one of the great- est statesmen of his time, and, in fact, of all time, was born in the town of Brandon, Vermont, on the 23d of April, 1813. His father was a physician, and died early in life, leaving his widow and son in almost indigent circum- stances. Stephen had but few oppor- tunities for schooling, much of the liv- ing of his mother and himself depend- ing upon the labor of his hands. He devoted this time of his life to learning the cabinet maker's trade, and spent some years at the business. His mother finally married again, and young Ste- phen, in 1831, accompanied her and his step - father to Canandaigua, N. Y. There he attended an academy and remained until the year 1833, when he came to Illinois, and taught school at Winchester, near the county seat of Scott county. This was a subscription school. Mr. Douglas employed his time evenings and holidays in the study of law, and, in 1834, he removed to Jacksonville, where he was admitted to the bar, and during the same year was elected attorney general of the state, though only 22 years of age. He soon resigned that office to accept a seat in the legislature. On the expiration of his term in that body, he settled down to the practice of law in Jacksonville, where he remained until 1837, when he removed to Springfield, having been appointed register of the land office by President Van Buren. In 1839, he resigned this office, and the year follow rag was made secretary of the state. In 1841, he was appointed by the legisla- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 193 lure judge of the supreme court, and he reorganized the circuit court, serving as circuit judge. The circumstances under which he entered upon the duties of this office were sufficient to thoroughly try the force and scope of his abilities. The circuit was large — the previous incumbent of the office had left the docket loaded with unfinished cases; but he was more than equal to the task. He cleaned out the docket with that dispatch and ability which distinguished his subsequent course; and so profound was the impression which he made upon the people, that, in the first congres- sional ebction, which occurred after he was established in his character as a judge, he received the nomination for member of congress, and was elected thereto. Through the distinguished abilities wnieh he displayed as a states- man, he received the appellation of "Little Giant," and became the recog- nized leader of a great political party. In I860, he received the nomination for the presidency, but owing to a division in the party, he was beaten by Abraham Lincoln, his competitor for the United States senate two years previous. On the inauguration of President Lincoln, and the subsequent withdrawal of the southern states from the Union, and the war following, Mr. Douglas took strong Union grounds, and declared henceforth there could be but two par- ties in the country, patriots and traitors. In a few days thereafter, he was taken sick and died on the 3d of June, 1861, sincerely mourned by the whole nation. On the resignation of Mr. Douglas, William A. Richardson, of Rushville, succeeded him in the 29th congress, and was re-elected from this district to the 30th, 31st and 32d congress. Mr. Rich- ardson was a native of Fayette county, Kentucky, born Jan. Hi, 1811. His parents were James L. and Mary (Ed- mondson) Richardson. His father dy- ing when William was but five years of age, his mother, in obedience with the dying request of the father, gave her son the advantages of a most excellent education. He entered Center College, at Danville, Kv., but afterwards was transferred to Transylvania University, at Lexington, that state. He entered the law office of Allan & Simpson, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1831. He then came to Illinois, locating at Sbelbyville. In 1832, he was a volun- teer in the Black Hawk war, and on returning from the front, removed to Rushville, Schuyler county, where he resided until May, 1849, when he removed to Quincy. In 1836, he was elected to the general assembly from Schuyler county, and from that time acted a prominent part in the state and nation. He was elected to the state senate in 1838; wasone of the electors on the Polk and Dallas presidential ticket of 1844; was a captain in the 1st 111. Reg., under Colonel J. J. Hardin, during tjie Mexican war; was a member of congress, as above stated; in 1856, ran for the office of governor, but w r as defeated by a small majority; was appointed governor of Nebraska, in 1858, and served in that capacity, leav- ing a splendid record; was elected United States senator, in 1863, and served two years. He died at Quincy, Dec. 27, 1875, from paralysis. By the act of August 22, 1852, the state was again redistricted, this time into nine districts, the counties of Mor- 194 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. gan, Scott, Sangamon, Macoupin, Greene, Montgomery, Christian, Shelby, Cass, Menard and Jersey were united in the 6th district. Richard Yates, was elected at the first election under this act in Nov. 1852, to the 33d congress. Richard Yates, the well known "war governor" was a native of Kentucky, Lorn in Warsaw, in that state, in the year 1818. He came to Illinois in 1831, and read law in the office of Col. J. J. Hardin. He served two terms in con- gress, was governor of the state during the civil war, and United States senator, being elected to the latter office in 1865. He died in St. Louis. In the 34th congress from 1855 to 1857, the district was represented by Thomas L. Harris, of Petersburg, Menard county, who was re-elected to the 35th congress, and died while in office, Nov. 24, 1859, and was succeeded by Charles I). Hodges, of Carrollton, Greene county. A sketch of this gen- tleman appears in the history of that county, in this volume. In the 36th congress the district was represented by John A. McClernand, of Springfield, who was re-elected to the 37th congress, but resigned his seat Dec. 12, 1861, to take a commission in the army, where he made a record that is the pride of the state. On the resignation of John A. McCler- nand, he was succeeded by A. L. Knapp, of Jerscyville, who occupied a place in the 37th congress up to March 4, 1863. Anthony L. Knapp was horn in Mid- dletown, Delaware county, N. Y., June 14, 1828. When 11 years of age he re- moved with his father to Illinois, and studying law was admitted to practice at the bar in 1849, locating in Jersey- ville. In 1858, Mr. Knapp became a candidate for state senator, accompany- ing Stephen A. Douglas in that ever memorable campaign with Abraham Lincoln. In the fall of 1861 he was elected to the 37th congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John A. McClernand. He served through the 37th and 38th congresses with distinguished ability, Some of his speeches while a member of the house were so favorably received that they were used as campaign documents in 1864. A single sentence from his speech on the policy and objects of the wav, delivered on June 5, 1862, is here- with given: "For long years the consti- tution has served as a bright light to guide and direct the efforts of men, everywhere striving for the blessings of a free, popular government, while to each of us it has proved a shield and protection. Formed in our weakness, its blessings have encompassed us in our strength. We have seen it expand by its own force over nearly twice as many states as at first received its care, and with not more solicitude does the parental heart entwine itself in loving folds around each new pledge of their affections, than has this instrument sought the welfare of its youngest born." On retiring from congress, Mr. Knapp commenced the practice of law at Chi- cago in 1865, where he remained two years and then removed to Springfield, this state, where he formed a law part- nership with James C. Robinson, which lasted until dissolved by the death of Mr. Knapp, Monday, May 23, 1881. Mi-, Knapp was married in Chicago to Henrietta Smith, by whom he had one child— Toney W. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY 195 By the census of 1860, it was found that the population of Illinois had so increased as to be entitled to 14 congress- men, and under the apportionment act of April 24, 1861, the state was divided into thirteen districts. The first elec- tion held under this act was in Novem- ber, 18(i2. By an error in the appor- tionment the number of representatives was fixed at 13, though the state was entitled to 14, so the error was corrected by electing one member from the state at large. Jersey by that apportionment became a part of the 10th district, and bad associated with it the counties of Bond, Morgan, Scott, Calhoun, Greene, Macoupin, Montgomery, Christian and Shelby. This district was represented in the national house of representa- tives of the 38th congress by Anthony L. Knapp, of Jerseyville, who was duly elected to fill that position at the elec- tion mentioned above. In the 39th congress, which convened for the first time March 4, 1865, the 10th district was represented by Anthony Thornton, of Shelbyville, one of the most prominent members of the legal fraternity in the state. The 40th congress, during the two years succeeding March 4, 1867, con- tained, as the representative of the peo- ple of this district, Albert G. Burr, a citizen of Carrollton, Greene county. He was re-elected to the 41st congress, and served until March 4, 1871. A sketch of this gentleman is given in the history of Greene county. In the 41st congress, which convened at Washington, March 4, 1871, this, the 10th district, was represented by E. Y. Rice, of Hillsborough, Montgomery county. E. Y. Rice was a native of Logan county, Ky., son of Francis and Mary (Gooch) Rice, born Feb. 8, 1820. His father, a North Carolinian, was a pio- neer Methodist preacher in Macoupin county, where he settled in 1835, and where he died in 1837. Edward remained upon a farm until 20 years of age, but receiving the foundation of a good edu- cation. In 1*40 he entered Shurtleff College, where he remained until 1842, but did not graduate. The next year he entered the office of John M. Palmer, then in Carlinville, with whom he studied law, and in 1844 was admitted to the bar. In 1845, he settled in Hills- borough, where he entered upon the practice of his profession, where he has remained ever since. He occupied sev- eral offices previous to his election to congress, holding, among others, the office of circuit judge of the 18th judi- cial district, for 14 years. Since his re- tirement from the congressional halls, he has pursued the practice of his pro- fession. He was married to Mrs. Susan R. Coudy, nee Allen, by whom he had three children. Under the apportionment act of July 2, 1872, made on the basis of the census of 1870, the state of Illinois was divided into 19 districts, and the counties of Adams, Brown, Pike, Calhoun, Greene and Jersey were combined into the 11th district. The first election was held in November, 1872, when Robert M. Knapp, of Jerseyville, was elected representa- tive from the district, and took his place March 4, 1873, in the 43d congress. He served one term, at this time. Hon. Robert M. Knapp was born in the city of New York, April 21, 1831. His father, Dr. Augustus R. Knapp, l'.IC. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. was an eminent physician of Jersey county, 111. While Robert was a child, his father removed to Savannah, Ga., and from thence to New Jersey, and finally, in 1839, to Illinois, and the fol- lowing year to this county. In Illinois he was prominent in his profession and in local politics. In 1847 he was a member of the constitutional conven- tion. Robert, after securing such in- struction as was given in the common schools of Illinois at that time, became a student in the Kentucky State Mili- tary Institute, near Frankfort, in 1849 ; but becoming affected by the then pre- vailing gold fever, went overland to California, and remained two years suc- cessfully operating in the gold mines. He subsequently studied law, and in 1855 commenced practice in Jerseyville. On Dec. 26, 1855, he married Fannie A. Green, who was born in Haverstraw, Rockland county, N. Y., March 15, 1837. She is a daughter of Capt. Stephen S. and Letitia (Quick) Green, deceased, who were natives of Westchester coun- ty, N. Y. Captain Green ran a line of boats from New York to Sing Sing sev- eral years. In 1839 he came to Macou- pin county and bought a large tract of land, upon which he placed numerous tenants. An incident which may be mentioned in his farm life is that he purchased the first McCormiek reaper ever sold. As a result of the marriage there are three children — Katie L., burn Sept, 26, 1856; Susie Green, born Aug. 16, 1858; Hattie Bagley, born Nov. 17, 1864. Mr. Knapp was a democrat in poli- tics, in 1867 he was elected to the Illi- nois general assembly, but declined to be a candidate for a second term. In 1871 he was elected mayor of Jersey- ville, and re-elected in 1872. In 1876, he was again elected to fill that (.Hire. He was elected to the 43d congress in 1872, and was re-nominated for the same position by the Roodhouse con- vention in 1874, but, for the sake of harmony, declined. In 1876 he was again re-nominated and elected. He departed this life June 24, 1879, a few minutes before six o'clock, A. M. Mr. Knapp was a Knight Templar, and was buried with Masonic honors The bar of the county passed resolu- tions of respect and condolence with the widow and relatives of the deceased. In the 44th congress, which was first convened in March 1875, this district was duly represented by Scott Wike, of Pittsfield, Pike county, who served one term of two years. Mr. Wike was succeeded in the 45th national assembly by Robert M. Knapp whom he had followed. This gentle- man served one term of two years at this time. James W. Singleton, a resident of Quincy, was the accredited representa- tive of this district in the 46th congress, which was organized in March, 1879, and served two years, and was elected to the 47th congress, where he distin- guished himself greatly to the credit of himself and his friends. By the apportionment act based upon the census of 1880, the state of Illinois was divided into twenty districts, and the counties of Cass, Brown, Adams, Pike, Scott, Greene, Jersey and Calhoun were grouped together into the 12th dis- trict. In the fall of 1882, James Milton Riggs, a highly respected and talented citizen of Winchester, Scott county, was elected to fill the position of member of HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 197 congress from this district, and occupied a prominent place in the house of the 4Sth congress. He was re-elected in 1884, and is the present representative iu the 49th congress. GENERAL ASSEMBLY. When the county of Jersey was organ- ized in 1S39, it was a part of a legislative district, then without a number, com- posed of this county and Greene, and was represented in the senate of the 12th general assembly by John Allen, and in the house by Revell W. English. This general assembly convened in Springfield on the 28d of Nov., 1840, and adjourned Dec. 5, 1840. A second session met Dec. 7, 1840, and continued until .March 1, 1841. The 13tb general assembly convened at Springfield, Dec. 5, 1842, and ad- journed March 4, 184.'!. In the senate this district was represented by Alfred W. Caverly, and Samuel T. Kendall was the delegate to the house of representa- tives. The Nth general assembly convened at the city of Springfield, Dec. 2, 1844, and adjourned March 3, 184S. The district composed of Macoupin and Jersey counties was represented in the senate by John Harris, while James Harriott was the representative of Jer- sey county in the lower house. The loth general assembly met at Springfield, Dec. 7, 1846, and adjourned March 1, 1847. John Harris continued to serve this district in the senate. In the house Thomas Cummings, an early settler in this county, served the people of this district to their satisfaction. Before another general assembly had met the constitution of 1848 was adopted, and under it a new apportionment of the state was made, and Jersey county, to- gether with those of Macoupin, Greene and Calhoun, were made the 13th sena- torial district and the counties of Jersey and Greene, the 22d representative dis- trict. The 16th general assembly convened at Springfield, Jan. 1, 1849, and ad- journed Feb. 12, 1849; a second session met Oct. 22, 1849, and continued until Nov. 7, 1849. This district was repre- sented in the senate by Franklin Witt, a resident of Greene county, ami in the house, first by Isaac Darneille and John D. Fry, but the former of these dying and the latter resigning, they were suc- ceeded by Joel Cory and Thomas Carlin. The latter gentleman was a resident of Greene county, ami is noticed in that connection. Isaac Darneille came to this county during 1828 or 29, entering land in what is now English township. He is said to have been one of the most social men ever in the county. He is reported to have been much more interested in rid- ing around the country chatting with his neighbors, than attending to the duties of husbandry. He was a relative of Isaac Darneille, of Kaskaskia, the mt- ond lawyer in the state of Illinois, and like him had a penchant for legal matters, although no lawyer. He was often on hand to manage for his friends causes before a justice of the peace, and would, if necessary, follow the cases to a higher court, and stand as chief adviser to the attorney. In fact he never missed an opportunity of attending court, and was frequently found outside the court house, expounding the law to groups of listeners. He removed to Jerseyville, 198 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. but after living there for a few months was stricken down with the cholera in 1849. Hon. Joel Cory, one of the pioneers of Jersey county, was born in New Jersey, August 26, 1805. He followed farming in his native state, and was there married to Sarah Cross, a sister of Hugh N. Cross. In 1834 he left New Jersey with his family, consisting of a wife and four children, and moved in wagons to Illinois. He at once entered land, two and a half miles south of the site of the present city of Jerseyville, where he improved a farm of 400 acres, upon which he resided until his death which occurred Feb. 26, 1872. Mrs. Cory died in 1884. Six of their children survived them in life. They are — Mary, now the wife of D. R. Stelle; Levi D., John, Joel, Sarah, wife of Robert New- ton, and Walter, all of whom reside in Jersey county. Mr. Cory represented his district in the state legislature one term, and often served the people in minor offices. He was a democrat politically. He gave close attention to his farm and was successful financially. He was for many years, a prominent and consistent member of the Baptist church. The 17th general assembly met at Springfield, Jan. 6, 1851, and adjourned Feb. 17, 1851; a second session con- vened June 7, 1852, and adjourned June 23, 1852, The 13th senatorial district was represented by John M. Palmer, then a resident of Macoupin county, afterwards governor of the state. Jersey and Greene counties, then constituting the 22d district, were served in the house of representatives by Charles D. Hodges, of Greene, and J. C. Winters, of Jersey. John M. Palmer was afterward a general in the Union army, during the civil war, and governor of the state of Illinois, and is now engaged in the practice of law at Springfield. The 18th general assembly convened for its first session, Jan. 3, 1853, and continued until Feb. 14, of the same year; a second session met Feb. 9, 1854, and adjourned March 4, 1854. John M. Palmer still represented the 13th dis- trict in the senate, and Charles D. Hodges and Giles H. Turner, in the house. The latter gentleman was a res- ident of Jersey county. The 19th general assembly convened at the state capital, Jan. 1, 1855, and remained in session until Feb. 15th fol- lowing. The act of apportionment of Feb. 27, 1854, having placed the coun- ties of Greene, Macoupin and Jersey in the 14th senatorial district, it was still represented in the senate by that dis- tinguished jurist, John M. Palmer. By the same act, Jersey and Calhoun coun- ties were erected into the 22d represen- tative district, and was served by Lafay- ette McCrillis, of Jersey. On the 5th of January, 1857, the 20th general assembly of the state of Illi- nois, met at Springfield, and continued in session until Feb. 19, 1857. Linus E. Worcester, of Greene, was the sena- tor, and Wright Casey, of Jersey, the representative. The 21st general assembly convened at Springfield, Jan. 3, 1859, and ad- journed Feb. 24, 1859. Anthony L. Knapp, of Jersey, was in the senate from this, the 14th district, and F. P. Rush, of Calhoun, was the representa- tive in the lower house from the 22d district. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 199 The first session of the 22d general assembly met at Springfield, Jan. 7, 1861, and adjourned the 22d of Febru- ary; a second session was held from April 23, 1861, until the 3d of the month of May. In the senate Anthony L. Knapp still represented this district. In the house John N. English was the delegate from this district and filled the place with credit and honor to himself and to his constituents. Hon. John Nelson English stands conspicuous in the history of Jersey county, not only as an early pioneer, but also as a citizen who for half a cent- ury has taken an active part in the pub- lic welfare of his fellowmen. Mr. Eng- lish is a native of Henry Co., Ky., born on the 31st day of March, 1810. He is the eldest son of Thomas and Alia (Cooper) English, of French and German ancestry, the former a native of Mary- land, and the latter of Pennsylvania, and the daughter of Jonathan Cooper, who served in the war of 1812. They were married in Kentucky, whence they removed in 1820 to Washington county, 111., where they resided till 1825, when they settled in Jersey county and here continued to carry on farming till the death of Mr. English, which occurred Oct. 14, 1836; Mrs. English having died July 13, 1833. John N. received his education in the common schools of Washington and Jersey counties, divid- ing his time between study and farm- work. At the opening of the Black Hawk war, in 1831, he enlisted in a com- pany of mounted volunteers, commanded by Captain Carlin, afterward governor of Illinois, and started on a march to Rock Island, where a treaty with the Indians was soon made. Returning home in 1832, he enlisted in Capt. Patterson's company, and participated in the battles of Wisconsin and Bad Axe, receiving an honorable discharge from the service when peace was declared. The soldiers who were thus engaged received about $1 per day, and congress afterward ceded to each, 80 acres of land. After his return home, Mr. English was em- ployed by D. A. Spauldingin surveying the lands around Lake Michigan, and in 1834, entering land in Jersey county, engaged in farming. Upon the organi- zation of the county he was elected sheriff, and was re-elected at the expira- tion of his first term. At the close of his service in this capacity, in company with Messrs. Magee and Terry, he erected a steam saw and grist mill, five miles out of Jerseyville, the location now being in English township, which he conducted about two years, and then engaged in steamboating with the rank of mate; after following this vocation two seasons he purchased a farm in what is known as "Rich Woods," now English township, where he settled in the fall of 1847 and continued to reside until the fall of 1867, when he removed to Jerseyville, his present home. His attention has been almost unremittingly given to agri- culture and stock-raising, and by an industrious and upright course, he has accumulated a liberal competence. Poli- tically, Mr. English is a staunch demo- crat, and he has been a delegate to nearly all the conventions of that party since he began to mingle in political affairs. He has taken a high stand, and has exerted a wide influence and his fellow- citizens have shown their appreciation of his worth by honoring him with many positions of trust. In the fall of 1860 he 200 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN TY. was elected to the state legislature from Jersey and Calhoun counties, and there rendered efficient service, being of that class of legislators who were in favor of coercing the Southern states. At the expiration of his first term he was re-elected with a larger majority, and filled the position with honor to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. Mr. English then lived a private life till the fall of 1875, when -he was again nomin- ated as a candidate for the legislature, and was elected by a good majority and served three consecutive terms. Mr. English has been twice married. On the 17th day of Dec, 1840, to Elizabeth Belt, daughter of H. N. Belt, of Jersey county. She died, after a lingering illness, on the 5th of January, 1872. Of four child- ren, three survive her in life — Lloyd, present supervisor of English township; John N., Jr., present township clerk, both farmers in English township, and R. B., a lawyer at Hardin, Calhoun county. In Oct., 1873, Mr. English mar- ried Catherine C. Selby, nee DeLong, she being the widow of John Selby, of Jersey county. Mr. English, or Col. English, as he is familiarly known, resides in the west part of Jerseyville city, where he has a pleasant home, sup- plied with all the accessories' of the best social life. He owns 80 acres of land, for which he gave $16,000, 40 acres of the land lying within the city limits of Jerseyville. At the present writing he is 75 years of age, but enjoys good health and life. Every day he is seen up-town, and is always surrounded with friends who enjoy his conversation. He is always ready to appreciate a good story or joke, and rejoices in the prosperity of his fellow-men. Mr. English is a man remarkably well preserved for one of his age. He stands just six feet, and is straight, well built, and from all appearances bids fair to enjoy yet many years of life. He weighs 195 pounds, is not a fleshy person but, is built from the "ground up," and presents a very commanding appearance. The twenty-third general assembly of Illinois convened at Springfield, Jan. 5, 1863, and adjourned Feb. 14, 1863, until June 2, 1863. On the latter date it again met, in pursuance to the adjourn- ment, and was, on the 10th of June, prorogued by the governor until Dec. 31, 1864", on which day it convened and adjourned. By the act of apportion- ment of Jan. 31, 1861, the county of Jersey was, together with Calhoun, Greene, Scott and Pike, made into the 6th senatorial district, and the counties of Jersey and Calhoun still kept together under their old number, as the 22d rep- resentative district. Linus *E. Wor- cester, of Greene, represented this dis- trict in the senate, and John N. English in the house. On Jan. 2, 1865, the 24th general assembly met in regular session, at Springfield, and adjourned the 16th of February following. The 6th district was still represented by Linus E. Wor- cester, and in the house of representa- tives by John McDonald, a resident of Hardin, Calhoun county. The 25th general assembly held three sessions, the first commencing Jan. 7, 1867, which adjourned Feb. 28; the second convened June 11, and adjourned June 13; and the third commenced June 14," and adjourned June 28, 1867. In the senate William Shephard, of Jersey- ville, represented the district, and in HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 201 the house Robert M. Knapp, after- wards the member of congress from this district, was the representative. Mr. Shephard was largely identified with the growth and development of the city of Jerseyville, and is mentioned, at length, in that connection. The 26th general assembly, which convened at Springfield, the 4th of Jan., 1869, contained as the representatives of this district William Shephard, of Jerseyville, in the senate, and Thomas B. Fuller, of Hardin, Calhoun county, in the house. This assembly adjourned April 20, 1869. The first regular session of the 27th general assembly began on the 4th of Jan., 1871, and on the 17th of April following it was adjourned until Nov. 15, 1871. A special session commenced May 4, 1871, and lasted until June 22, and a second special session met Oct. 13, and adjourned Oct. 24. It again met in regular adjourned session Nov. 15, 1871, and on the 9th of April, 1872, ad- journed sine die. This was the first assembly under the constitution of 1870. This instrument made the senate to consist of 50 senators, and the house of 175 representatives. Jersey county, associated with those of Calhoun, Greene, Scott and Pike, made up the 6th senatorial district, and was at first represented by William Shephard and J. M. Bush, but the former gentleman having resigned, was succeeded b}' William H. Allen. In the house, the minority representation system having been adopted in the constitution, by which three members from each district were entitled to seats, the county of Jersey, under the title of the 38th district, was represented by George W. Herdman and Robert A. King, both citizens of the city of Jerseyville. G. W. Herdman is the present circuit judge of this judicial circuit, and is spoken of, at length, in connection with the history of that court. Robert A. King was born in St. Louis county, Mo., July 5, 1830. He was the eldest of a family of six children of George Y. and Mary (Dougherty; King. The parents resided upon a farm until 1835, when they removed to Washing- ton, Franklin Co., Mo,, where they lived until overtaken by death. Robert A. worked on the farm until his 17th year, attending school during the win- ter. In 1846 he went to Cape Girardeau county, Mo., and studied privately with Rev. A. Munson for two years. He aft- erwards studied law with his uncle, Judge Andrew King. He served two years as deputy in the county and cir- cuit clerk's office, at St. Charles, and two years as deputy sheriff. He ob- tained his license to practice law in 1853, and the year following returned to Washington and opened an office. Here he entered the political field and filled several positions. He was mar- ried May 24, 1859, to Jennie L. Bibb, and by this union they had one child — James B. King. His wife died Jan. 11. 1861, and one month later the child died. On the 22d of May, 1864, he was again married to Miriam Munson, by whom he had three children — Louis M., Robert A. and Arthur S. Robert A., Jr., died Feb. 26, 1875. In 1865 Mr. King came to Jerseyville, and entered into a law partnership with E. A. Pinero, to which firm George W. Herdman was admitted later. In the summer of 1*67 Mr. King retired from the firm on ac- 202 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. count of ill-health. In 1869 he was elected a member of the constitutional (•'invention. In 1870, he became a member of the general assembly, and in 1872 was appointed probate judge, and the year following was elected to the same office. After the expiration of his term of office in 1883, he went to Lus Angelos, Cal., where he is now liv- ing. The 28th general assembly convened at Springfield Jan. 8, 1873; adjourned May 6, 1873, until Jan. 4, 1874; and met in adjourned session on the latter date and continued until March 31, 1874, when it adjourned, sine die. The senatorial districts had been changed according to the act of March 1, 1872, previous to the meeting of this assembly, and Ma- coupin and Jersey counties were associ- ated together as the 40th senatorial dis- trict, and was represented by Beatty T. Burke, of Carlinville, Macoupin county. In the house the district was ably rep- resented by William McAdams, of Jer- sey, and Jonathan Plowman and Archi- bald Virden, of Macoupin county. Hon. William McAdams, Jr., was born in Butler county, Ohio, Dec. the 28th, 1839, and is the eldest of a family of seven children of William and Eliza McAdams. The subject of this sketch received his early education principally under the tuition of Professor Nathan- iel P. Firman, an eminent educator of Ohio, by which he attained a thorough knowledge of the English branches. He was passionately fond of the study, and practiced investigation of the science of geology, and in the state geological reports of Illinois frequent mention is made of his name, in connection with the many important discoveries that he has made in that profound science. Pre- vious to becoming a resident of Illinois, he was engaged in teaching for three or four winters in Ohio, but his principal occupation has been that of farming. In the spring of 1865 he was married to Anna Curtis, of Jersey county. They have had six children. In early life he became a member of the democratic party, to which he has since strictly adhered. He was elected a member of the Historical Society of Illinois, sev- eral years ago, and his attainments in the scientific field have won him many golden opinions. He is now president of the State Natural History Society of Illinois. In 1878 he became a mem- ber of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and has since read many scientific papers before this body. At the Ann Arbor meeting of this association he was elected to be a Fellow and placed on the committee for the nomination of officers. He employs much of his time in scientific work for the government. In the fall of 1872 he was elected a member of the legislature of Illinois and was a promi- nent member of that body two sessions. In Springfield, on the 6th of January, 1875, the 29th general assembly of the state assembled, and remained in ses- sion until the 15th of April following, when it adjourned, sine die. Beatty T. Burke, of Carlinville, was the senator from this district. In the house, the interest of this and the adjoining county of Macoupin, constituting the 40th dis- trict, was in the hands of Samuel G. Gilbert, of Carlinville, Oliver P. Powel, of Jerseyville, and Henry F. Martin, of Brighton. 0. P. Powel was born in Tennessee, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 203 March 17, 1819, and came to this county during the year 1848. He was twice county judge, his first term being from 1857 to 1861, his second from 1865 to 1869. He was married in his native state; Oct. 27, 1846, to Sarah E. Russell, a daughter of Joseph Russell. He is a democrat in politics and a Presbytarian in religion. He is still a resident and large land owner in the county. The 30th general assembly met in regular session at Springfield, Jan. 3, 1877, and adjourned the 24th of May, the same year. George W. Herdman, of Jerseyville, was in the senate, and the district was represented in the house by Richard Rowett, of Carlin- ville, Hampton W. Wall, of Staunton, and John N. English, of Jerseyville. The 31st general assembly convened at the state capital, Jan. 8, 1879, and continued in session until May 31. Geo. W. Herdman was again in the senate, and in the house were the three follow- ing gentlemen as representatives of the 40th district : Hampton W. Wall, of Staunton, and John N. English and George E. Warren, of Jerseyville. Hon. George E. Warren was born at Worthington, Franklin county, Ohio, on the 16th day of August, 1817. His father, Thomas Warren, by profession a physician, a native of New Hamp- shire, was lineally descended from the Puritans. In about 181U he removed to Bristol, Rhode Island, and there united in marriage with Martha, daughter of Charles DeWolf, a prosperous merchant and ship-owner of that port; in fact, he was part owner of the noted privateer "Yankee," that figured in the war of 1812. In 1814 Dr. Warren moved to Ohio, and there resided until the spring of 1818, when they returned to Bristol and there remained till 1835. His wife having died in 1829, in 1835, the family , then consisting of a daughter and two sons, of whom Judge Warren is the only survivor, again moved west and settled at Alton, 111. Dr. Warren en- tered considerable land within the limits of Jersey county and resided here at the time of his death, which occurred in 1853, at the residence of his son, Judge Warren. He was a gentleman of rather extensive literary culture. Geo. E. Warren received an education, partly collegiate, having entered Brown Uni- versity, at Providence, R. I., at 14 years of age, and remaining till the middle of bis senior year. After his removal to Illinois he commenced reading law in the office of Woodson & Hodges, of Carrollton, 111., and also assisted M. O. Bledsoe, clerk of both the circuit and county commissioners' courts. His health having become seriously impaired by close application, in the spring of 1837 he made a visit to bis former home and friends in Rhode Island, for the purpose of recuperating, and there, the following August, he was married to Harriet S., daughter of S. S. Allen, Esq., collector of the port of Bristol. He soon thereafter returned to the West, and in the spring of 1838 settled at Alton, 111., where he completed his law studies and was admitted to prac- tice in the Illinois courts, in 1839. Owing to the financial depression then prevalent in Alton, and other causes, that place offered but little inducement to the aspiring young lawyer, and his father having purchased for him a large farm near Jerseyville, with money be- queathed by his grandfather, Charles 204 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. DeWolf, he removed thither in the spring of 1840, and engaged in farming. If he did not acquire wealth at his new pursuit, he gained a vigorous constitu- tion and a practical knowledge of hard work. In politics Judge Warren was a whig till the declension of that party. He then east his fortunes with the repub- licans, and is still ardently attached to their principles. In 1841 he was elected justice of the peace, without solicitation on his part, and he thereafter continued in that capacity till 1849, when, under the state constitution of 1848, he was elected the first county judge of Jersey county. He performed the duties of that office to the satisfaction of the peo- ple for eight years. In Jan., 18(12, he resumed the practice of law in connec- tion with his son-in-law, William H. Pogue, which business relation existed until the election of Mr. Pogue to the office of county judge in the fall of 1883. In 1875 Judge Warren was elected mayor of the city of Jerseyville, as the anti-license candidate, and thus became the first republican mayor of the city. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to represent his district in the legislature. The district was then composed of Jersey and Macoupin counties, both democratic. Judge Warren served one term in the legislature He has fre- quently been a delegate to state con- ventions. Thus it can be seen that the life of Judge Warren has been one of moderate success. He never aimed at the acquirement of immense wealth or political notoriety, but sought and found satisfaction in a quiet home life, finding his chief happiness in his home circle, the society of genial friends, and the pursuit of knowledge. He has always been a firm believer in the christian re- ligion, owing in the first place to the early training of a pious mother, and in maturer years, to an intelligent appre- hension of the truth of. that religion taught in the bible. At the age of 16 he united with the Protestant Episcopal church, of which his mother was a member. He retained his predeliction for that society for some years, but there being no congregation of that denomi- nation in Jerseyville, in company with his wife he united, in March, 1852, with the First Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder since Jan. 4, 1866. Judge Warren is blessed with a devoted and intelligent wife, and their union has been blessed with nine children. The eldest, a son, died at the age of four years. Mattie D. became the wife of Dr. George S. Miles. Mary A. be- came the wife of Judge W. H. Pogue. Charles D. is a farmer. Harriet S. be- came the wife of Henry C. Lovel, who is a clerk in the United States treasury department at Washington. Mark A. is a merchant. George is a clerk in the store of his brother. Anna became the wife of Robert S. Powel, a farmer, and Frank is at home. Judge Warren is the oldest Odd Fellow in Jerseyville, as he became a member of Jerseyville Lodge No. 53, I. 0. 0. F., in 1849. The 32d general assembly convened at Springfield, in Jan., 1881, and the district was represented in the senate by C. A. Walker, of Carlinville, Ma- coupin county, and in the house by John N. English, of Jersey, and Archelaus X. Yancey and Balfour Co wen, of Macoupin county. In 1882, a new apportionment of the state was made, and the counties of HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 205 Scott, Greene and Jersey were placed together in the 37th senatorial district. The 33d general assembly, which met in Springfield, in Jan., 1883, contained as the representative of this new district Frank M. Bridges, of Carrollton, in the senate, and W. E. Carlin, of Jersey, and George W. Murray and John H. Coats, of Scott county, in the house. This assembly adjourned June 18, 1883. Major Walter E. Carlin, one of the prominent representative men of Jer- sey county, was born at Carrollton, Greene county, 111., April 11, 1844. His father was William Carlin, a farmer and prominent man of Greene county, be- ing county clerk at one period, and holding the office of circuit clerk at the time of his death in 1850. He was a brother of Hon. Thomas Carlin, once governor of Illinois. William Carlin married Mary Goode, a native of Vir- ginia, who is still living. Walter E. was educated in the common schools of Carrollton, at the school of the Chris- tian Brothers, in St. Louis, and the Uni- versity of Wisconsin. Aug. the 17th, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, of the 38th Illinois Infantry. He was promo ted tn second lieutenant, then to first lieutenant, and finally to captain, but on account of his age, being under 19, he declined to accept the last commis- sion. He served for awhile on the staff of Genera] Jefferson C. DaviB, and later on the staff of his brother, General William P. Carlin, a graduate of West Point. He was highly commended by General Davis tor his gallantry in the battles preceding that of Chickamauga, and in that bloody contest he had two horses shot under him. He served three years, and at the close of the war was appointed second lieutenant in the regular army, but declined. In the spring of 1S7S he assisted in organizing the loth battalion Illinois National Guards, and was elected major, which position he held five years, being coin- missioned by Gov. Cullom. On his re- turn from the army he served two years as deputy circuit clerk of Greene coun- ty, under his brother, Thomas J. Car- lin. In August, 1866, he engaged in banking with his brother-in-law, John Long, at Carrollton, the firm being Long it Co., and continued till LS70. He then went to Mount Vernon and there established a bank, becoming a. member of Carlin, Cross & Co. In 1S72 he came to Jerseyville and engaged in the same business. In 1876 he organ- ized the First National Bank of Jersey- ville, of which he acted as cashier till 1880, when he resigned that position, but continued vice-president of the bank till the fall of 1881. In 1880 he engaged in grain buying, having charge of the Jerseyville elevator, of which lie was a three-fourths owner. He dis- posed of that interest in 1881, to E. 0. Stannard, of St. Louis. In September, of tin' same year, he became associated with M. E. Bagley in the banking busi- ness, the firm being Carlin & Bagley. This partnership continued till March, 1885, when he sold his interest to Mr. Bagley. Major Carlin is, politically, a democrat. He represented his district in the state legislature one term, and in 1884 was re-nominated, without opposi- tion, but later, at the state convention, he received the nomination for state auditor, and thus declined the nomina- tion for representative. He is at pres- ent chairman of the board of super- 206 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. visors of Jersey county, a position which he has occupied for seven con- secutive years, and has usually been elected without opposition. He is now serving his third term as representative from the Grand Encampment of Illi- nois to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows. In April, 1868, he was married to Mary Cross, daughter of Hugh N. Cross. She died in March, 1880, leaving two daughters, Mary Eu- genia and Alma W. In June 1883, he was married to Lina Darneille, daugh- ter of James M. Darneille, of Chatham, Sangamon county, 111. Major Carlin is connected with the Presbyterian church of Jerseyville. The 34th general assembly met at Springfield, the state capital, Jan. 7, 1885, and adjourned after a long and stormy session. F. M. Bridges, the senator from this district, dying in the latter part of March, Robert H. Davis, a grain dealer of Carrollton, was elected April 11, 1885, to fill the vacancy, and took his seat. In the house the 37th district was represented by Henry C. Massey and Theo. S. Chapman, both of Jersey, and Byron McEvers, of Scott. Theodore S. Chapman, present repre- sentative from this district in the state legislature, is a citizen of this county, and a prominently rising character in the political field of the future. He is a native of Berkshire county, Mass., born March 31, 1849. His parents, Theodore and Julia E. (Wadsworth) Chapman, were formerly from the same county and state. When the subject of this sketch was seven years old his father died, and two years later his mother was married to a missionary and went to India. Theodore had two sisters, Anna and Julia; the former accompanied her mother to India, and there died; the latter was married to Prof. J. A. Edgar, who was the founder of the Swedish department of Morgan Park Theological Seminary, of Chicago. When Theodore was nine years old he went to Rockford, 111., and lived with a farmer named M. H. Johnson for three years. Then, his mother having re- turned to this country and located in Hamilton, Madison county, N. Y., he went there and attended the city schools for two years. This course of instruc- tion was subsequently supplemented by three years attendance at Madison University. The same thoroughness which characterized his actions of later years, there prevailed, and by studious application he obtained a very fair edu- cation. He then went to La Porte county, Ind., and engaged in teaching two years; thence to Rockford, 111., and remained four months; thence to St. Louis. Not being satisfied or contented in Missouri, he returned to Illinois, and soon afterward located at Jerseyville. Here he engaged in teaching one winter, and afterwards had charge of the Otter- ville school two years. Meanwhile, as he had opportunity, he studied law, and in 1874 was admitted to the bar, since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession. Polit- ically he adheres to the republican party. In 1876 he was a candidate for state's attorney, and although defeated, received a vote much beyond the strength of his party, a deserved compli- ment to a worthy man. In 1884 he was elected to the state legislature, where he faithfully worked for the best interests of his constituents, and was HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 207 instrumental in effecting various legisla- tion of much interest and importance to the people. His ability was early recognized in that body, and he was a member, not only of the temporary steering committee, but of the perma- mt'iit. Among the acts traceable to his influence and effort, was an amendment to the bill concerning "guardian and ward," a law of much importance and of great benefit, as follows: "On any accounting and final settlement of guar- dian, he shall exhibit and file his ac- count as such guardian setting forth specifically, in separate items, on what account expenditures were made by him, and all sums received and paid out since his last accounting, and all money on hand, and an itemized ac- count of all notes, bonds, accounts, and evidences of indebtedness, composing the personal estate of his ward, and said guardian shall produce and exhibit to the court the notes, bonds, accounts, and evidences of indebtedness so item- ized, and held by him, and it is hereby made the duty of the court to inspect the assets so exhibited. Which accounts shall be accompanied by proper vouch- ers and signed by him, and verified by his affidavit." The very loose and un- satisfactory manner heretofore pursued by persons thus in charge of important interests will, by this law, meet a whole- some check, and be the means of saving hundreds of dollars to those to whom it properly belongs. Mr. Chapman is what might be called a self-made man. His position has been secured solely by his own endeavor. He commenced the practice of law here under what would ordinarily be considered unfavorable circumstances, renting an office without the partnership or influence of any, he has steadily and with commendable en- ergy, built up a practice and made a reputation. He has a good business in both probate and chancery courts, and is a lawyer of acknowledged honesty and ability. He was married Dec. 31, 1S75, to Sarah A. Landon, daughter of William D. and Alvira Landon. They have four children — Harry, Theodore, Paul and Truman. Henry C. Massey is a native of St. Charles county, Mo., born Nov. 19, 1828, and is the son of Woodberry and Wana (Coonts) Massey. His father re- sided in St. Charles county for a short time after his marriage, and about 1830 crossed the river into this county, at Grafton, where he entered some land. Not long after, he removed to the forks of Otter creek, where he carried on a store. He afterwards went to the Du- buque lead mines, where he was subse- quently murdered. His murder was amply avenged by his brother and sis- ter, Henry L., and Louise. After this tragic event, Mrs. Massey, with her young family, returned to St. Charles, Mo., but in 1837, came again to this county. Henry C. was reared princi- pally in Jersey county, and in early life was thrown on his own resources. Nov. 25, 1854, he was united in marriage with Catherine Fitzgerald. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. Since the organization of Jersey coun- ty there have been three conventions to draft state constitutions, and in each of them Jersey county was represented. The first of these was convened at Springfield, upon the 7th day of June, 1847, and contained 162 delegates from 208 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. various parts of the state. They labored on the matter for which they were called together until the 81st of Aug., 1847, when they adjourned. William Bosby- shell and A. R. Knapp were the dele- gates from the counties of Jersey and Calhoun. This constitution was sub- mitted to the people, and at the elec- tion held March 6, 1848, they ratified it; and it went into force April 1 of that year, hence is called the constitution of 1848. Dr. A. R. Knapp was a native of Con- necticut, and at an early age moved to Delaware county, N. Y. He was a man of fine scholarly attainments. He was married to Catherine Wyckoff, and they had a family of live children. He re- moved to Illinois in 1839, first locating at Kane, where he engaged in the prac- tice of his profession of medicine. In 1844 he removed to Jerseyville. Few physicians of this portion of the state had a more extensive practice. In 1849, having contracted the gold fever; he went to California, and came back with a fair share of money. He was always prominently identified with the demo- cratic party, and was an intimate friend ami admirer of Stephen A. Douglas. His death occurred July 13, 1862. Two of his sons, prominent attorneys of this county, represented this district in con- gress. The second constitutional convention came together at the city of Springfield, on the 7th of January, 1862, at which there were 75 delegates present, and among them William H. Allen, the rep- resentative of Jersey county. This con- vention remained in session until March 24, 1862. This constitution was sub- mitted to the people at an election held June 17, 1862, but not meeting the views of the qualified electors, was rejected by them. William Henry Allen, a native of New Bedford, Bristol county, Mass., was born on the 12th of October, 1814, and is the son of William H. and Ruth (Parker) Allen. His father was of Quaker descent, and held to the faith of that sect until his marriage. His mother was a direct descendant of Miles Stand- ish, and both were of Saxon origin and Puritan stock. During his early life William enjoyed superior educational advantages, attending the schools of his native place until 17 years of age, when he entered Harvard University. His habits were of a social character. Being of a practical turn of mind, he bad lit- tle sympathy with abstruse questions, but had a great fondness for literary work, and a desire and natural taste for the study of medicine and surgery. After graduating from college, however, in 1835, following the advice of a rela- tive, he decided to devote himself to business rather than to professional life, as a more speedy way to success, a choice, the wisdom of which is seen in the reward that has crowned his work. He removed to Illinois in 1840, and in the following year, settled at Grafton, Jersey county, his present home. He at first engaged in the real estate busi- ness, and such other employment as might prove lucrative, and after a few years, having accumulated sufficient capital, engaged in merchandising, and at the same time dealt in grain and pro- duce. In 1854 he erected a flouring mill at Grafton, which he conducted until 1868, when he was succeeded in the business by his son. In 1869 he HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 209 began the banking business, and has continued in it up to the present time, 1885. In all his business career he manifested an integrity and a spirit of generous and fair dealing that have won for him the highest respect of all who have been brought under his influence. In his religious views he is identified with no church, although he has the greatest respect for all. His early training was shaped by the teachings of Dr. Channing, Dr. Dewey, and other eminent Unitarians, and he was natur- ally led to sympathize with that faith, but he is now wholly independent in his opinions, and gives to all that en- joyment of personal views which he asks for himself. In politics he was formerly a whig, but upon the dissolu- tion of that party became a democrat, casting his first vote for James Buch- anan. Although he has never aspired to political honors he has had several important public trusts imposed upon him. In 1860 he was elected to the constitutional convention; served as county associate judge from 1865 to 1869 inclusive and in 1871 was chosen state senator from the 6th district, comprising Pike, Calhoun, Greene and Jersey coun- ties. In 1873 he was elected a member of the county board. In all these vari- ous offices he acquitted himself with credit, but at the termination of each was happy to return to the peace and quiet of his home. Mr. Allen was married, in 1840, to Martha Maria Mason a native of Illinois, and only child of James Mason, well known in the early history of the state. They have six children — Rosalie, wife of Dr. E. L. Harriott, of Jacksonville; Irene A., wife of Edward A. Pinero, an attorney of Tecumseh, Neb.; James M., Harry C , William H., Jr., and Ruth M., wife of E. C. Stelle, near Jerseyville, 111. James is engaged in the flouring busi- ness. Mr. Allen is one of the leading men of the state; as a man of the strict- est integrity and impartial judgment; he is looked to as the arbiter of all con- troversies in his community, lb' has given special attention to self-culture, and is a man of high social attainments, and does not fail to impress all whom he meets with the genuineness of his true manhood. Liberal and charitable, his hand is ever open to the needy, while his sympathies are broad enough to gather in their embrace all men. He now looks back upon a life well spent, crowded with happy recollections and cheered with warm friendships, and sees in all only the preparation for that existence beyond, whose hopes cheer and strengthen his declining years. December 13, 1869, the third consti- tutional convention convened in the city of Springfield, at which there were 85 delegates. It remained in session until May 13, 1870. They labored long and faithfully, and the production of their conjoint efforts was submitted to the people July 2, 1870, and was by them ratified, going into effect Aug. 8, 1870. The 22d legislative district of the state, embracing the counties of Jer- sey and Calhoun, was represented by Robert A. King. This gentleman has been already mentioned as a member of the general assembly. TKOBATE JUSTICES. Under the constitution of the state of Illinois, adopted in 1818, and in force when the county of Jersey was organ- 210 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ized, in 1839, all matters of probate were entrusted to an officer of the above title. Joseph G. Scott was the first to occupy the office, having entered upon the duties thereof at the time of the organization of the county, in the fall of 1839, and remained in the same until 1847, being re-elected continuously, thus being the only one in the county to fill the position. Joseph G. Scott, a native of Somerset county, N. J., born Aug. 12, 1809, was the son of Col. Joseph W. Scott, an eminent and brilliant lawyer of that state. Joseph G. received his educa- tion, first in the grammar school of Queen's College, and lastly at Rutger's College, entering the sophomore class, and graduating three years later, being the valedictorian of his class. After leaving college he studied law with his father three years, and one year with Elias Van Arsdale, of Newark, N. J., after which he was admitted to the bar. He practiced at New Bruns- wick three years. In the spring of 1835, he started west, landing in Jersey- ville on the 5th of July, of that year. He soon afterward entered a farm about three miles south of the town. He was married in 1839 to Eliza Duryee. COUNTY JUDGES. On the adoption of the constitution of 184S, all matters of probate, as well as the government of the county, were vested in the county court, presided over by the county judge. The first to fill the position was Hon. GeoTge E. Warren, who was elected in 1849, and opened the court, for the first time, on the 3d day of December, of that year. The court consisted of three justices — the county judge, G. E. Warren, and Jacob Lurton and James McKinney, associate justices. Judge Warren was re-elected to this honorable office in 1853, holding the same for eight years, consecutively. During this time, be- sides the above named associate jus- tices, the following filled the same offices: Jasper M. Terry, Charles H. Bowman and J. Murray Bacon. Jacob Lurton is among the first settlers of this section of country, having come here in 1817, with his father, from Ken- tucky. He is now living on Sec. 32, T. 7, R. 11, or the township called Miss- issippi. He is a native of Kentucky, and was born near Louisville, Sept. 16, lso.'i. In the spring of 1817 the family, consisting of seven children, four boys and three girls, bid farewell to their old home, and started from Louisville on a keel boat, landing subsequently at the city of St. Louis. Jacob Lurton, Sr., the father of the subject of this sketch, was a physician, and a minister of the M. E. church, and realizing the import- ance of an education, determined that Jacob should have a good opportunity, and to this end kept him engaged in study until he graduated from the high school at Louisville. The profession of medicine was chosen as his future avo- cation, and to become familiar with the many details, he was kept in an "apoth- ecary shop" for four winters, attending school during summers. The effort to make a doctor out of the young man only partially succeeded, and he never became a "full-Hedged" physician. Almost constant application to the books of his father and his father's partner, and making collections for them, gave him an insight to that particular branch HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 211 of the business, and he became dis- gusted with the whole matter, and made a farmer of himself. Upon their arrival here they settled on Piasa creek, on a farm through which subsequently ran the division line separating the counties of Jersey and Madison. In addition to the family they brought five negroes, a mother and four children, who were indentured and set free at the age of 25 and 27. Thus, in 1817, commenced the life here of Jacob Lurton. He has wit- nessed the development of this county, and has had no small share in its trans- formation from a scene of natural wild- ness to its present condition. He was for eight years a judge of the county court of this county, and for 12 years a justice of the peace in Mississippi town- ship, and was the first postmaster in this township, which office he held 14 years. He was a captain of the militia at the time of the Black Hawk war, the place of rendezvous being Carrollton. They were held as a reserve for 35 days, when the adjutant-general called on them and told them to disband, and to be ready, at a moment's warning, with five days' provisions for self and horse. He went home and has never been called upon, and has never been discharged nor received any compensation. His sword and outfit cost §25, and the sword is in good preservation to this day, and isin possession of his son, N. M. Lurton. He still has hie commission, and for many years was known as Capt. Lurton. He is a man of integrity and ability, and performed the duties pertaining to these and other offices conscientiously and well. He was deservedly popular, and was the leading man in the community where he lived. His advice was sought and asked on all matters of every descrip- tion. At every marriage he officiated, and by him were tied the nuptial knots, uniting the hearts and destinies of many a happy couple. For all these and kindred services he never made a charge, and after so many years, there being no absolute necessity longer, and wishing to be free, he resigned all offices and announced his intention, having done his part, of remaining out of office, and notwithstanding the wishes of the people he has since steadfastly pursued that course. He was married March 20, 1829, to Margaret McDow, a daughter of John and Margaret (Gillham) McDow. There were born by this union eight children — N. M., born Jan. 9, 1830; John C, born April 6, 1831; Julia A., born Nov. 17, 1832; Mary J., born Feb. 26, 1834, and who died February 27, 1876; Sarah M., born March 4, 1836; Jacob P., born July 17, 1838, and died Nov. 8, 1868; Elizabeth C, born Nov. 28, 1842; Olivia M., born Jan. 6, 1850. Jacob P. was a lieutenant in Co. H, 97th 111. Inf., and died of disease contracted in the army. Mr. L.urton is a remark- able man. He is now 80 years of age and has never been intoxicated, never played a game of cards, never took a part in a dance, never sued but one man, never was sued, never bet higher than a gill of butter-milk, and has always led an upright, honest life. Mrs. Lurton is now (1885) 76 years old, and in good health, and together they are passing down the decline of life, with a feeling of peace and happiness known only to those whose lives have been well spent. They must soon go to their reward. May the Lord grant an abundant entrance to his heavenly kingdom. 212 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. James McKinney was a native of Vir- ginia, born May 24, 1806. He was the eldest son of Abirara and Mary McKin- ney, who emigrated to Illinois and set- tled in Madison county, in ISIS, where they remained two years, when they removed to this county, locating on the Illinois bottom, but afterwards moved to section 24, English township. Here young McKinney was reared. James McKinney and Mary Ann Grain, a native of Tennessee, were united in marriage June 8, 182(i. They had a family of 13 children. Mr. McKinney died Sept. 17, 1867. Jasper M. Terry, deceased, was born in Hardin county, Ky., Jan. 5, 1811. He is the fifth child of Jasper and Sarah Terry, the former a native of Botetourt county, Ya., and the latter of l'eekskill, N. Y. Jasper Terry, Sr., was married in 1797, and in the fall of 1800, emigrated to Kentucky, where he resided until the fall of 1828. At that date he came to Illinois anil settled in the present limits of Jersey county, on the northeast quarter of Sec. 24, T. 7, R. 12. In 1849, he. sold his farm here and after a visit to Texas, returned to Greene county, where he died, in Nov., 18o0, at the residence of his eldest daughter, Elizabeth, wife of Rev. John Stephens. His wife died at the same place about one year later. They had a family of nine sons and three daugh- ters. Jasper M. Terry obtained his early education in the common schools of Hardin county. He came to Illinois with his father's family, and was mar- ried Sept. 20, 1833, to Mary Ann Wag- ner, daughter of John and Mary Wag- ner, of Greene county, 111. By this union there were born nine sons and two daughters, three of whom died in infancy. Those who reached maturity are Rev. John W., of Carlinville, 111.; William H. and Anslam, in Montgom- ery county, 111.; Albert 0., living near Janesville, 111.; Henry Clay, near Pana, 111.; Mary E., wife of E. D. Howard, of Montgomery county, 111.; Thomas J., Theodore F. and Annie Frances, residing with their parents. Mr. Terry settled, soon after his marriage, on the northwest quarter of Sec. 24, T. 7, R. 12, where he resided until his death, Oct. 21, 1876. He made farming the business of his life, and was successful. He began life without financial capital, hut he was possessed of those elements of mind which are more valuable, and the proper use of which insure success to their possessor. These qualities are good common sense, unerring judgment to plan, and energy to execute, with order and method. He gave to his children the advantage of a liberal edu- cation, as well as financial aid to facili- tate their life labors. He settled four of his sons on 1,000 acres of land in Montgomery county, 111. Politically, Mr. Terry was an 'old line whig." He was a great admirer of Henry Clay, after whom one of his sons was chris- tened. Although he never sought offi- cial position, he served several years as acting justice of the peace. He was elected associate judge of the county court of Jersey county, which position he filled seven years with credit to him- self and satisfaction to his constituency. Judge Warren was succeeded as county judge by Hon. <>. P. Powel, in Dec, 1857, and opened court with R. R. Eley and William Williams as associate justices These gentlemen held these HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 215 positions for four years, with honor and credit to themselves, and to the benefit of the county. Richard I. Lowe, was the next occu- pant of the office of county judge, having been elected to that exalted po- sition in Nov., 1861, and opened the the county court in the following De- cember, with Jacob Lurton and Larkin Richardson as associate justices. These gentlemen served a term of four years, until 1865. Jacob Lurton has been noted at length elsewhere. Larkin Richardson came to this county in 1834, from the American Bottom. He re- mained here some time, holding several unimportant offices and went to Texas, but in a few years returned to this county where he lived several years, but finally removed to Texas where he set- tled. A sketch of Judge Lowe is given in connection with the history of the township of Jersey, of which he is still a resident. 0. P. Powel again filled this position commencing in the fall of 1865, and filled it for four years. W. H. Allen and Phineas Eldredge were associate justices at the same time, and assisted in the government of the county. Phineas Eldredge was the son of An- thony and Susanna (Vance) Eldredge, and was born in Philadelphia, Penn., March 14, 1822. He served an appren- ticeship of three years at ship build- ing, and three more at sail making in his native city. His father was a sea captain, at this time, in the mer- chant service, and Phineas sometimes accompanied him on his voyages. The man with whom Phineas was learning his trade, having a contract to get out live oak timber, he sent Phineas, who had studied naval architecture, to su- perintend the operations in Florida, and he did so well that when he returned, although his apprenticeship was not out, he was "given his time," as the saying is — or, made a full journeyman. He now entered upon a sea-faring life, having accepted the position of second mate on a trading vessel. He made a trip to South America, and then, for three years was first officer. He then went to New Orleans, and in 1843 was made senior warden of the city prison, and, with the prisoners, built the house of refuge in that city. He remained there until 1846, when the Mexican war broke out, when, having a steamship, largely owned by his father, he en- tered the transport service, but being caught in the Gulf by a norther, after battling with the storm for five days, the vessel was lost, and they lost their all. He then returned to New Orleans, and was deputy superintendent of the city gas works, where he remained two years, when his father made him an offer of a tract of land (his present farm) if he would come and live on it, which he accepted. The Eldredges were sea-faring men for five generations, and Phineas Eldredge's ancestors had settled on Cape Cod, coming from Wales at an early day. On his mother's side his ancestors were German, and her grandfather served on the staff of Gen- eral Washington. In 1848 Phineas came to Illinois and settled on the farm where he now lives, on section 11, Piasa township. At one time he and his father owned some 1,600 acres of land, 800 acres of it in a body. He was elected associate justice of the county court in 1865, and a study of the official 216 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. actions of the court in this volume will show that he did efficient work. He was the projector of the poorhouse, also. This was his last official act. He was married in Sept., 1843, in Philadelphia, to Elizabeth Wharf. Their children have been — Susanna, wife of James Burke; Anthony, clerk in the Anchor line; Elizabeth, wife of Colonel John Breenholt; Harry, pilot on the City of Natchez ; and five deceased. Mr. Eld- redge is a member of Hibbard Lodge, No. 249, A. F. and A. M., at Brighton. On his farm he has two and one-half acres of fish pond, and, sailor-like, he has a sail -boat thereon. J. M. Hurd was duly elected to the office of county judge in the fall of 1S69, and entering upon the duties of the office with Caleb Noble and G. W. Gorin as associate justices carried on the busi- ness of the county for the ensuing three years, when he resigned. J. M. Hurd was the second son of Ezra and Polly (Hamilton) Hurd, and was born in Georgetown, Madison county, N.Y., March 1, 1809. He was educated in the common schools of Georgetown, becoming proficient in sev- eral branches, especially surveying. At the age of 14 he commenced helping his father in the saw-mill, of which he was placed in charge. At the age of 17 he spent the fall and winter learning the cloth-dressing trade. He continued in the old home until 1830, when, being 21 years of age, he turned his steps west- ward and came to Illinois, and met his uncle, Dr. Silas Hamilton, in Monroe county, and with whom he came to Jer- sey county on the 3d of July , of the same year, and located in what is now Otter Creek township. In September he re- turned to his New York home, where he spent the winter. In the spring of 1831 he, together with his father's family, came to Illinois by the water route, landing at Eminence, from whence they proceeded by a hired team and wagon. His father died that fall. J. M. built a log cabin on the site of the present vil- lage of Otterville, but spent the most of his time in surveying until 1837. In 1833 he was elected constable, and two years later justice of the peace. He was married January 26, 1836, to Lydia Noble, by whom he had eight children. From 1839 to 1847 he was the postmaster of Otterville. In the fall of the latter year was made probate judge of the county. After serving his term he per- sonally managed his farm until 1852, when he was elected sheriff, when he removed to Jersey ville, where he resided until 1873, when he removed to Nebraska, where he died. He was from 1844 to 1859 in the mercantile business with C. M. Hamilton and Marcus E. Bagley, sell- ing out in the latter year. In Novem- ber, 1869, he was elected county judge, as above. Caleb Noble was born in Adams county, Miss., July 28, 1817, and is the son of Henry and Mary (Swayze) Noble. The father, wishing to move to a more north- ern climate, started for Illinois, and landed at Grafton on the 3d of April, 1833. He settled on a farm which he purchased on section 10, in Otter Creek township, where he engaged in agricul- tural pursuits, and where he died in July, 1852. His son Caleb, when ahoy, attended the schools of his native state. Robert A. King was the last county judge at the head of the administrative department of the county government. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 217 In the fall of 1872, he was appointed by the governor to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Hurd, and assumed his official functions at the December term of court, with Caleb Noble and W'iliiam A. Scott as associate justices. Under the new constitution of 1870 the powers of the county judge were much curtailed, most of his busi- ness being restricted by that instrument "to all matters of probate; settlement of estates of deceased persons; appoint- ment of guardians and conservators, and settlement of their accounts; in all mat- ters relating to apprentices: and in pro- ceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments, etc." Under this docu- ment, in November, 1873, Judge King was duly elected to fill the office of county judge, and filled it most ably until 1882, when his term expired, be having been re-elected in 1877. Hon. W. H. Pogue, the present in- cumbent of the office of county judge, was elected at the November election of 1882, and has made one of the best officials of this character that the county has had for many years. Hon. William H. Pogue, is a native of Philadelphia, Penn., born on the 23d of Dec, 1835, and a son of Joseph and Jane Knox (nee Cooper) Pogue, the former, a native of Ireland, who immi- grated to America about 1812; and the latter a native of Philadelphia, and daughter of Hugh Cooper, an old mer- chant of that city. His father was for 33 years, an active business man of Philadelphia, while his mother was a noted Sunday school worker; she and her sister, over 50 years ago, having established a Sunday school- where there is now an old and flourishing church. It was owing largely to her in- fluence that the subject of this sketch became interested in Sunday school work, he having held the positions of secretary of the Illinois State Sabbath school convention, president of the Jersey county Sabbath school conven- tion, and superintendent of a mission school in his own town. William re- ceived his early education in a private school in Philadelphia, under the in- struction of Samuel Crawford, a noted teacher of his day, but, later, removed with his father's family to Camden, N. J., and there attended school until the death of his father, which occurred in 1848. He completed his studies at the Pennington Male Seminary, receiving an ordinary English education with a limited knowledge of Latin and German. After closing his studies, being still young, he was placed in the store of James R. Webb, of Philadelphia, but after a short time took a position in the store of Horatio Litzenberg, of Lower Merion. He afterwards went to live with Perry Litzenberg, of West Phila- delphia. In Feb., 1854, he removed to Illinois, where his father had invested large sums of money, in landed pro- perty. He first settled at Alton, and in January of the following year, began the study of law in the office of Hon. Edward Keating, of that place. He soon became private secretary of Mr. Keating, who was attorney-general of what is now the Chicago and Alton rail- road, and acquired a knowledge of bus- iness that has proved invaluable to him in bis life-work. After the death of his employer, which occurred in 1857, Mr. Pogue began practicing his profession, being then about 20 years of age. In 218 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Sept., 1858, he was elected city attorney of Alton, and on the organization of Alton city court he became ex-officio the states attorney, thereof, and in the fol- lowing spring, by appointment of Judge Henry W. Billings, he became master in chancery of the Alton city court, a position to which he was re-appointed in April, 1861. In Jan., 1862, he re- moved to Jerseyville and formed a partnership with Hon. George E. War- ren, his father-in-law, and began prac- tice under the firm name of Warren & Pogue. The business of this firm rapidly increased and soon became one of the largest in the county. In 1872, he was appointed by Governor Palmer, state's attorney, for the first judicial dis- trict of Illinois, in place of Hon. Wm. Brown, who had resigned, and was also appointed state's attorney of Jersey county, by Judge J. M. Hurd, county judge, under the new law conferring criminal jurisdiction upon county courts in Illinois. In the fall of 1882 he was elected county judge, which office he has since held. In Dec, 1860, he was married to Mary A. Warren, of Jersey county. They are the parents of four children — Harry W., Edmund D. W., Hattie and George Dudley. Judge Pogue is a member of the board of edu- cation, and was its president for two years. In politics he is a democrat. COUNTY CLEBK. This office is one of the most import- ant in the government of the county. In early days it was officially known as the clerk of the county commissioners' court. The first regular incumbent of this office was Richard Graham, who was duly elected at the first election after the separation of the county from that of Greene, Mr. Graham not quali- fying at the first meeting of the county commissioners' court, R. L. Hill was appointed to fill the office, pro tem., but two weeks thereafter, on the 28th of Oct. 1839, Mr. Graham filed his bond, and assumed the duties of the office. He held this place for four years. Geoge W. Lowder was the successor of Mr. Graham in the office, serving the people from 1843 to 1857, or 14 years, being re-elected at every successive election by an appreciative constituency. In the fall of 1857, Andrew Jackson became the successor of Mr. Lowder in the office of county clerk, and retained the same for 12 years. At the regular election in Nov., 1869, Thomas J. Selby was duly elected to the office of county clerk, and entering upon the functions devolving on that officer, soon won for himself a place in the regards of the people, and was re-elected his own successor in 1873, and served the people, in this capacity, for eight years. Thomas J. Selby was born in Dela- ware county, 0., Dec. 4, 1840, and is the son of G. H. Selby, a native of Vir- ginia, of English descent. His mother was of Dutch origin, but a native of New Jersey. Both his parents have been called to their last account. The father was a stone cutter by trade and removed to Illinois in June, 1849, and settled in Crawford county, and in 1860 the family came to Jersey county. There were four children in the family —I. N. a member of the 97th 111. Inft., died while in the service, in Jan., 1862; Mrs. Frances Dixon, who died in 1883; Mrs. Allan, a teacher in Jerseyville; HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 219 and Thomas J. The latter gentleman was united in marriage with Amanda Richardson, March 30, 1862, and they have been blessed with five children, one daughter and four sons, all living. Mr. Selby followed teaching from the age of 16 until 1864, when he was elected to the office of sheriff of Jersey county, and served as such one term of two years. In 1866, he purchased the Jersey county Democrat and run it until 1870, when he sold out to Wheelock & Burr. He was elected county clerk as above stated. He also served three terms as mayor of Jerseyville. Mr. Selby was admitted to the bar in 1869, but did not commence the practice of law in Jerseyville until 1876, in connec- tion with E. A. Pinero. In 1879, he removed to Nebraska, where he en- gaged in the practice of law. He made some unfortunate investments in sheep- raising, which financially embarrassed him for the time. He is now a practic- ing attorney at Hardin, Calhoun county. He has always been prominently iden- tified with the democratic party. James Eads, the present county clerk of Jersey county, was first elected to this office, in Nov., 1877, and has served continuously ever since. James Eads, who is now serving his second term as county clerk, was born in St. Louis, Mo., April 25, 1846, he being the older of the two sons of James A. and Caltha (Burke) Eads. When he was three years of age, the family re- moved to Jersey county. 111, and since that time, the subject of. our sketch has been a resident of the same. He was educated in the common schools, and at an early age assisted his father, who was a merchant at Fieldon. When he was only 16 years of age, he quit the school- room on account of bis father's poor health, and took charge of the store and continued in business with his father until 1873. From 1868 to 1873, he dealt in grain. In 1873 he removed to Jersey- ville, and served as chief deputy in the office of county clerk, T. J. Selby, and in Dec, 1877, succeeded Mr. Selby, and was re-elected in 1882. Mr. Eads is a democrat in politics, as was his father before him. He is a Mason, belonging to blue lodge, chapter and commandery; a member of the subordinate lodge and encampment of the I. 0. 0. F.; a mem- ber of the K. P. society, and the K. of H. He was married on the 2d day of April, 1874, to Virginia E. Crosby, daughter of George W. Crosby, and two children have been born to them — James B. and Emma F. Mr. Eads, besides attending to the duties of his offices, also, in connection with his brother, deals in real estate, and loans money. He is a gentleman who is easily ap- proached, always attending to the duties of his office, and ever ready to be of ser- vice to his fellowman. William Eads, younger son of James A., and Caltha A. (Burke) Eads, was born in Richwood township, Jersey county, 111., Dec. 14, 1850. In early life, he attended school during the win- ter seasons, and the remainder of the year, assisted his father in the store. The winter of 1869 he spent in attend- ing school in Jacksonville. In the fall of 1871, he went to Calhoun county, and, in partnership with E. P. Lowe, en- gaged in general mercantile business at Batch-town, the firm being, Eads, Lowe & Co. In the fall of the following year he returned to Fieldon, and assisted his 220 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. father in business, until the death of the latter, which occurred in Jan., 1874. He then continued the business with his brother, for two years, under the firm styled "Eads & Bro." William then, in Jan., 1S7G, having sold out his former business, came to Jerseyville, and clerked in the office of county clerk T. J. Selby, until Feb., 1877. At that date he went to Kane, Greene county, where, with his brother, he established a dry goods business. Five months later, they sold out, and William re- turned to Jerseyville, again entering the employ of T. J. Selby, whom he served till Dec, 1877. Since that time he has served as deputy county clerk, under his brother. Mr. Eads was mar- ried in Montgomery county, 111., to Elizabeth J. Thomas, second daughter "f Samuel and Mary E. Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Eads have three children — < laltha T., Mary D. and Lenna B. Mr. Eads is a democrat in politics, and a member of Fieldon lodge, No. 592, of A. F. & A. M., also of the Jerseyville chapter, No. 140, of R. A. M. CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT. The first to occupy this onerous office was Robert L. Hill, who was duly ap- pointed by Judge Thomas, at the organ- ization of the county, in 1839, and being successively elected his own successor, served until 1849, a service of 10 years. Robert L. Hill was a native of Todd county. Ky., and was born during the year 1797. He was reared and educated in the plaje of his nativity, where he was also married to Maria Tonstall. They were the parents of six children — Martin L., Mary A. C, M. Ellen, Juliet A., Robert T., and Oscar. But three of these are now living— Mary, in Nebraska; Ellen, in Kentucky; and Oscar, in Jer- seyville. Mr. Hill removed to what was then Jersey county from Kentucky, and on the organization of the county was made circuit clerk, as above stated. His death occurred in 1863, while a resident of Jerseyville. In the latter part of 1849 Mr. Hill was succeeded by Thomas L. McGill, who also remained in this official capacity for a number of years, serving for 11 years, or until the fall of 1860. Mr. Mc- Gill came to Jersey county about the year 1840, from St. Louis, Mo., and set- tled in what is now Piasa township. He has, since the expiration of his term of office, died. Marcus E. Bagley was the next incum- bent of the office of clerk of the circuit court, being elected thereto in 1860, and served for twenty years. Marcus Bag- ley was born August 18, 1828, in Greene county, N. Y., and is the son of Thomas and Mary Bagley. In the fall of 1850 he came to Jerseyville, and soon engaged in mercantile pursuits in company with A. W. Howe, in which he remained sev- eral years. February 16, 1860, he was married to Mrs. Hattie M. Harriman, nee Page. In the fall of 1860 he was elected, as above. He was the first mayor of Jerseyville and master in chancery many years. He is now en- gaged in the banking business. At the regular election of November, 1880, Jesse I. McGready, the present clerk of the circuit court of Jersey county, was duly elected to that office, by a majority of 390, and the following 1st of January he entered upon the duties of the office, and still serves the county in that capacity. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 221 Jesse I. McG ready was born in Wash- ington, Mo., Jan. 10, 1847. He is a son of John and Isabella (Mcllvaine) McGready, the former a native of Ten- nessee, and the latter, of Kentucky. John McGready settled in Missouri when a young man, and engaged in farming and lead mining. He resided in that state until his death. Jesse I. McG ready is the youngest of eight chil- dren, only three of whom are now liv- ing. His early life was spent on the farm. At the age of sixteen years he entered McKendree College, at Lebanon, 111., where he attended one year. He then learned the art of printing, first working in the office of the St. Louis Republican, and afterwards at Carlin- ville, from whence, in 1870, he came to Jersey ville. Here he became associated with J. A. J. Birdsall, formerly of the Macoupin Times, and purchased the Jer- sey County Democrat. In 1871 Mr. McGready became sole proprietor, and continued editor and proprietor until 1880. At that date he was elected cir- cuit clerk, and in 1884 re-elected to the same office, in which he is now serving his second term. He was elected mayor of Jersey ville in 1879, and served four terms. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., both subordinate lodge and encamp- ment; also of the K. P. society. Mr. McGready is a faithful and efficient officer, and his continued re-election to places of public trust is abundant testi- mony of the respect and esteem with which he is regarded by his fellow citizens. COUNTY TREASURERS. At the first election held after the or- ganization of the county, among the first officers elected was Juhn R. Black, who entered, at once, upon the duties of his office, and served for four years. Col. John R. Black was a native of Lancaster county, Penn., was born April 19, 1797, and was the son of James and Mary A. Black, who were of Irish descent. John R. attended school in Tennessee, his parents having removed to that state when he was but six years of age. In 1815 John R. came to Illi- . nois, locating upon the American Bot- tom, but five years later came to Jersey county, settling in what is now Missis- sippi township. He was married here, April 23, 1833, to Malinda Darneille, and they had four children. He was a volunteer during the war of 1812-15, and also of the Black Hawk war. He died in 1880. In 1843, C. Easell was inducted into this very responsible office, having been elected at the regular election of that year. He served four years. Solomon Calhoun was the next in- cumbent of this office, being elected to the same in the fall of 1847, and served until December, 1857. Solomon Calhoun was born in Lyman, Grafton county, N. H., Nov. the 25th, 1795, and was married to Rhoda Walker. In 1823 he moved to Bridgeport, Addison county, Vt., and from thence to Illinois in 1833, and settled on a farm near Jer- seyville, where he continued to reside till his death, Dec. the 25th, 1869. His wife survived him 13 years. There were five children. — James W. resides at Jerseyville. Hannah W. married William Post; she died in May, 1884. Caleb C. died at the age of 37 years. Adrastus resides in Jersey county. Benjamin F. resides on the homestead. Mr. Calhoun was a devoted member of HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the Masonic order, being made a Mason at Bath, N. H., when 21 years of age. He was a charter member of Jersey ville Lodge, No. 394, A. F. & A. M. Hewas strictly honorable in all his dealings and had a large circle of admiring friends. Politically he was a whig and afterwards a republican. He was one of the first county commissioners, and for 16 years assessor of Jersey county. John F. Smith was the next incum- bent of this office, having been elected to the same in the fall of 1857, and in December entered upon his official du- ties. He was re-elected in 1859, thus serving at this time four years as county treasurer. John F. Smith was a native of South Carolina, born April 7, 1811. He came to Jersey county in 1848 or '49, and en- tered upon the business of cultivating a farm which he acquired. He was mar- ried to Sarah McGuire, previous to his coming here, and three of the four children by this marriage are still liv- ing — Mary, Martha and James Knox. He died Feb. 25, 1877; his widow still survives, living in St. Louis. He was elected and served as treasurer as above stated. Mr. Smith was a leading mem- ber of the M. E. church. John E. Van Pelt, now a prominent citizen of Cook county, succeeded Mr. Smith as treasurer, being first elected in 1861, and again in 1863, serving the people for four years in the office. John F. Smith, having, when in office, pleased the people, was again elected to this position in 1865, was re-elected in 1867, and again in 1869, serving this time six years, with credit to himself and honor to the people of the county. James M. Young, was the next to fill the office of treasurer. His election took place in 1871, and, proving his worth and adaption to the office, he was re-elected in 1873, serving the full four years. James M. Young, a prominent citizen of Jersey county, was born in Ruther- ford county, N. C, Dec. 16, 1828. He was the eldest of the seven children of Martin and Deborah Young, who were of French and German descent. In 1835 Martin Young removed with his family to McDonough county, 111., locat- ing on a farm near Blandinsville, where they remained till 1845. They then moved to the state of Georgia. After the war broke out, Mr. Young moved his family to Jersey county. He died at the residence of his son, James M., in the fall of 1865, and the following spring his widow and children returned to Georgia. James M. Young attended the common schools of McDonough county, and at the age of 16 went to Wisconsin and worked in the lead mines about four years. On Nov. 13, 1848, he came to Jersey county, and, for a few years, followed boating and rafting on the Illinois river. Oct. 15, 1851, Mr. Young was married to Lucretia Nott, daughter of S. B. Nott, of Jersey coun- ty. They have had seven children, five of whom are now living. For a few years after his marriage, Mr. Young followed farming in this county. He served as justice of the peace two years, and also two years as constable of Rich- woods township. He was appointed postmaster at Fieldon, September 18, 1868, and held that office three years, being constable at the same time. In the fall of 1871 he was elected assessor and treasurer of Jersey county, and in HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 223 the spring of 1872 removed to Jersey ville. In 1873 he was re-elected to the same office, thus serving four years. In the fall of 1876 he was elected sheriff, and re-elected in the year 1878, and served as such for four years. In 1880 he rented the National hotel, and run the same two years. In June, 1883, he removed to southern Kansas, there acting as agent for a patent machine for the manufacture of fencing. He re- turned to Jerseyville in February, 1885, shortly before the death of his wife, who for some time had been in feeble health. She died Feb. 12, 1885. Mr. Young is a member of the A. F. and A. M., also of the subordinate encampment of I. O. O. F. and the Knights of Pytbias. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Young are — Luella, wife of C. A. Sullard, of Kansas City, Mo.; Hattie, wife of Fred Armstrong, of Jerseyville; Luther, who is a printer by trade and resides in Springfield, Mo.; Susan and Antonia, who reside with their father, in Jersey- ville. At the regular November election of 1875, John P. Stout was elected to the office of treasurer, and he entering upon the duties of the same, continued in the office two years. Thomas O'Donnell, in 1877, was elected to the office of county treasurer, and filling that office to the satisfaction of the people, was re-elected in 1879. He did not enter upon the duties of the office, however, as he was cut off by death, Thanksgiving day, 1879. On the death of Mr. O'Donnell an election was held on the 20th of Jan., 1880, which resulted in the election of John A. Shepbard, who was re-elected in 1882, and is the present county treas- urer of Jersey. Mr. Shepbard is men- tioned at length in the history of Jer- seyville, in connection with the banking interests. COUNTY RECORDERS. Under the earlier constitutions, the office of recorder was a separate one from that of circuit clerk. At the organization of the county George H. Jackson, Sr., was chosen to till the office for the first time in Jersey county. He entered upon the office in the fall of 1839, and continued therein four years. George Hunter Jackson, deceased, formerly one of Jerseyville's most use- ful and highly esteemed citizens, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 15, 1813. His father, Andrew Jackson, was also a native of Philadelphia, and one of its honored citizens. He was appointed, by President Washington, an officer in the custom house of that city, where he remained till 1837. In 1838, he came to Jersey county, and died here in 1850. Mary (Servoss) Jackson, mother of the subject of this sketch, was born in New- Jersey, and was the grand daughter of Samuel Fleming, the founder of Flem- ington, in that state. George H. re- ceived the rudiments of bis education in the common schools of Philadelphia, and subsequently completed a course at the American Scientific and Military Academy, of Middleton, Conn. He moved to Illinois in 1.S33, and located on land adjacent to the present site of Jerseyville. Here he engaged in farm- ing, which occupation he followed the greater portion of the time until his death, which took place May 20, 1884. In Oct., 1839, upon the organization of the county, he was elected recorder, in which capacity he continued four 224 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. years. In 1866, he was appointed post- master of Jerseyville, and held that office two years. Soon after the incor- poration of the city of Jerseyville, in 1867, he was elected city clerk, and was re-elected to the same office, in 1874. During the latter years of his life, he devoted his spare time to investigating and making ahstracts of the land titles of Jersey county, compiling a work of incalculable value to the people of the county, as much vagueness and uncer- tainty had previously characterized the boundaries and titles to large portions of the land of that county. For this work Mr. Jackson was eminently quali- fied, by reason of his early settlement, long residence and large experience. Politically, he was an Andrew Jackson democrat, believing in the greatest good to the greatest number. He was a firm believer in the doctrines of Chris- tianity, as taught by the "sermon on the mount," and a member of the Pres- byterian church. He was married in March, 1837, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Brown, who came to the territory of Illinois in 1802, and entered a con- siderable tract of land in Greene county. He accumulated much wealth and was, in later years, one of the influ- ential men of Jersey county, where he died April 24, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson reared 10 children, nine of whom are now living — Charles, who is an engineer and resides in Springfield; Emily, wife of J. S. Daniels; John, who resides in Kingman county, Kas., engaged in the real estate business; Mary, living at home; Katie, wife of W. W. Douglas, of Indianapolis, Ind.; Lizzie, Fannie and George H., at home. Mrs. Jackson lives in Jerseyville. Thomas L. McGill, was the next in- cumbent of the office, having been elected to the same in August, 1843, and held the same until the adoption of the constitution of 1848, caused the blend- ing of the offices of clerk of the circuit court and recorder into one, under the name and title of the former. Mr. Mc- Gill for many years held the position of county clerk, and has been already noticed in that connection. SHERIFFS. The first to occupy the office of sher- iff of Jersey county was John N. Eng- lish, who was elected in 1839, and served in this capacity until the fall of 1842, when he stepped down and out. This eminent gentleman has been already noticed under the caption of members of the general assembly, in this chapter. Perley Silloway succeeded Mr. Eng- lish as sheriff, in the latter part of the year 1842, and was re-elected in 1844, thus serving four years. Jonathan Plowman was the next in- cumbent of the office, having been elected in 1846, re-elected in 1848, serv- ing four years. Mr. Plowman after- wards removed to Macoupin county, and represented this district in the gen- eral assembly, under which head may be found a mention of him. Murray Cheney was duly elected to the office of sheriff, at the general elec- tion in the fall of 1S50, and served the people of Jersey county in this capac- ity for two years. Captain Murray Cheney was born in Addison county, Vt., Feb." 28, 1809. He was reared in his native state, where he remained until he arrived at the age of 24 years. He then started for Illinois, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 225 making the journey by canal to the city of Buffalo, thence to Pittsburg, and via the river to Illinois. This was during the long to be remembered "cholera year," and some of his fellow passen- gers sickened and died while on the passage down the Ohio river. Mr. Cheney was intending to remain on the boat until it reached St. Louis, but on account of the cholera landed at flhaw- neetown, and proceeded on foot to Alton, thence to Jersey county. He had no objective point in view, but had simply started in search of a favorable location in Illinois. On arriving at the site of the present city of Jerseyville, he located land and remained here one year, after which he returned to Ver- mont, where he was married to Caroline Pickett, who was born in Addison county. Her parents had just removed to Chatauqua county, N. Y., and in that county Mr. Cheney remained for a short time. In 1836 he again came to Jersey county, making the journey with wagons. Mr. Cheney continued to reside in Jersey county till 1856, and during that period, held numerous offices, among which were those of con- stable, deputy sheriff and sheriff. At an early day he organized a militia company, of which he was elected cap- tain. Their arms were the old flint- lock muskets, and were furnished by the state. The "training days" are well remembered by the older inhabitants, and the "muster" was an event looked for ;is anxiously as the fair of the pres- ent day. It constituted, for many years, the amusement of the people, and was a semi-holiday. Capt. Cheney was elected major of the regiment to which his company belonged. He moved to Sangamon county in 1856. He, at that time, owned land nearVirden, in Macou- pin county, where he followed farming for a time, after which be removed to the village of Virden, where he still resides, having retired from active busi- ness, Mr. and Mrs. Cheney reared a family of eight children — Prentiss 1) Gilead P., who resides at Denver, Col Byron M., living in Scott county, 111 Mary, wife of George W. Cox, of Vir- den; Charles H., living in Burlington, la.; Martha S.,wife of Oliver S. Greene, of Jacksonville, 111.; John G., living in Christian county, and William, wdio lives upon his father's farm in Sanga- mon county. Mr. Cheney was formerly a whig in politics, but now votes with the republican party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1852 Jay M. Hurd was elected and entered upon the duties of this office. He remained in it a term of two years. Mr. Hurd having served, also, in the office of county judge, he is mentioned in connection with that office. In 1854, ex-sheriff Jonathan Plowman was again elected to this office, and transacted the business of the same for one term. He was succeeded in 1856 by Benjamin Wedding, who, also, oc- cupied the office for two years. Benjamin Wedding, son of James H. and Nancy Wedding, was born April 14, 1826, in Scioto county, Ohio. He came with the family to what is now Jersey county in 1834, and here spent bis carl)' life and obtained his educa- tion. At the age of 20 years, he began teaching school, which occupation he followed during the winter seasons for 10 years, farming during the summers. In 1856 he was elected sheriff of Jersey 226 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. county by the whig party and removed to Jersey ville. He served one term. He joined the republican party at its organization and has consequently since been on the minority side of poli- tics in this county. In 1864 he was ap- pointed revenue collector for Jersey and Calhoun counties, which office he held four years. He was justice of the peace eight years, and mayor of Jersey- ville one year. He has carried on a real estate and loan business. Aug. 9, 1847, Mr. Wedding was married to Tabitha Johnson, then of Jersey county, but a native of Scioto county, Ohio. Twelve children were born to them, five of whom died in infancy. Those now living are — Barkley, James, Arabella, wife of R. H. Maltimore, Thomas, Phil, Harry and Heber. Charles H. Bowman was first elected to the office of sheriff of Jersey county in the fall of 1858, and occupied the same this term. Charles H. Bowman was born in Troy, N. Y., March 12, 1822, and was the third of a family of the six children of Elisha and Eunice Bowman. The elder Mr. Bowman with his family came to Jersey county, in 1836, landing here Sept. 27, of that year. He soon after settled upon a farm in Fidelity township. Charles H. was educated in his native city, and came to this county with his parents and engaged in farming until 1858, when he was elected sheriff as above. He held the office several terms and died, while in this position, in Jan., 1873. W. H. Cummings was the next occu- pant of the office, entering upon its duties in Dec, 1860, and continuing there in two years. Mr. Cummings was succeeded by Charles H. Bowman, in 1862. The lat- ter gentleman served two years, or until Dec,, 1864. T. J. Selby, in 1864, was duly elected to the office of sheriff of the county, and filled it for one term. Mr. Selby having occupied the position of county clerk for many years, he has been noticed in that connection in this chapter. Again in 1866, Charles H. Bowman was induced to enter the office of sheriff, and again served one term. He was followed by James Henry Belt, who was elected at the regular election of 1868, and entering upon the duties of the office he filled it for two years. James H. Belt was born Feb. 22, 1837, in Jersey county, and was the son of Horatio N. and Mary Jane Belt. He received his education in the common schools of this county, and when but about 16 years of age he became a mem- ber of the firm of Belt Bros. & Co. When about 25 years of age he was united in marriage with Helen M. Bramlett. In the fall of 1868 he was elected sheriff as above mentioned. Charles H. Bowman was again elected to this position in 1870, and re-elected in 1872, but dying while an incumbent of the office. At the fall election of 1873, his son, Stephen H. Bowman, was elected by the people to fill the vacancy, until the expiration of the term, which he did very acceptably. In 1874 Augustus H. Barrett entered the office of sheriff, and filled it for one term. James M. Young was duly elected to the office of sheriff of Jersey county in 1876, and filling it to the satisfaction of HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 227 the people, was re-elected in 1878, serving, in all, four years. Mr. Young having occupied the office of county treasurer, a sketch of him is given in connection with that office. H. C. Massey served the people of this county as sheriff for two years, from Dec, 1880. Mr. Massey is one of the present members of the general assembly and is noticed under that cap- tion. C. S. Frost, the present sheriff of Jersey county, was first elected to the office in 1882, and has filled the same to the credit of himself and honor of his friends, ever since. SURVEYORS. The following is believed to be a com- plete list of those who have filled the office of surveyor of the county of Jer- sey. On account of the early records of the county being incomplete in some respects, an omission may occur, but it should not be laid to the historian, as every endeavor has been made to make it cover all the ground: James A. Potts, 1843-47; Job Collins, 1847-49; James A. Potts, 1849-53; Lewis S. McNeil, 1853-57; H. M. Chase, 1857-59; Josiah H. White, 1859-61; George I. Foster, 1861-71; W. L. West, 1871-75; George I. Foster, 1875-79; and D. J. Murphy, elected in 1879, and the pres- ent incumbent. The following is a complete list of the various gentlemen who have filled the office of coroner of Jersey county, from the date of its organization to the present time, together with the dates of their service: N. R. Lurton was first elected, in 1839, and served one year; Aaron Rue, 1840-42; John Britton, 1842-46; George Hoffman, 1846-48; Wil- liam Loy, 1848-54; Benjamin Wedding, 1854-56; Felix Virney, 1856-58; Lewis Johnson, 1858-62; James L. Beirne, 1862-64; F. W. Besterfeldt, 1864-66; Lewis Johnson, 1866-68; Sidney Noble, L868-70; E. L. Harriott, 1870-74; Wes- ley Park, 1S74-76; John S. Williams, 1876-83; Caleb Dulladway, 1880-84; and E. L. H. Barry, the present incumbent of the office, was elected in Nov., 1884. GHAPTRR XV. Schools, of some sort, were estab- lished many years ago; but the eye of history has furnished no lens sufficiently powerful to enable us to determine when or where the first one was located. It appears like a fixed star, which is lost in the nebula 1 of mythology, and obscured EDUCATIONAL. from our vision in the vista of distance. Schools of astronomy were in operation in Babylon over 3,300 years B. C. An academy of scribes and philosophers was an existing institution in China a thousand years later. Schools of archi- tecture, astronomy and magic were in 22S HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY operation in the time of Moses, among the Egyptians, and ho was educated therein. Schools of philosophy flour- ished in Judea 2, (KM) years B. C. The schools of Greece date back to the siege of Troy. The first Roman school was a military academy, established 667 years B. C. How these schools were con- ducted, we have hut little means of knowing. In many countries they were state institutions for the benefit of the royal court. The magic wise men, sooth- sayers and prophets of those ancient countries were not ignoramuses, es- pecially gifted, as many suppose, but were educated men — learned in the knowledge of their age — so as to fit them for royal counsellors. Most of these schools were kept secret from the masses, and as much mystery and won- der were thrown around their inmates as possible. These were seats of the oracles, and court prophets, without whose sanction kings rarely commenced or prosecuted any great enterprise. In the more republican nations, teachers gathered their students in groves, mar- ket places, temples, porches, or by the sea, and taught them by conversational lectures. Book were unknown. The art of printing slumbered in the then distant future. Even letters had not been born out of hieroglyphic charac- ters. Education was confined to the royal retinue. The masses were igno- rant, and purposely kept so, in order to insure subordination. It was realized many years ago that ignorance only would demand and submit to des- potism. After the discoveries of Galileo, edu- cation made rapid strides toward popu- larization. He, being repudiated and persecuted by the royal authorities, be- came the people's educator; and the progressive ideas by him promulgated, caused America and the Pacific isles to be discovered and settled — brought forth the art of printing, unfolded the pro- testant religion, and infused a general spirit of research throughout Europe. After this the graded system began to be introduced into academies and col- leges; but the common schools received but little benefit therefrom until within the last half century, when Prussia took the lead in the enterprise. A committee appointed by the crown reported that "it was advisable to educate all classes, for the encouragement of piety and religion, in order to lessen the police force of the nation." Public schools were accord- ingly established for all classes. The common people flocked in, and it became necessary to erect new and more com- modious buildings, and to provide an increased number of teachers. To meet this demand the graded system was adopted. It was found that where one teacher had but one grade of pupils, he could give instruction to about twice the usual number — be more thorough, and advance them much faster than by the ungraded method. The pioneer school houses of Jersey county, as was common in all new countries, were built of logs, and in some cases yet stand rough cradles of learning that many distinguished men recall in the glamour that memory throws around their boyhood's days, as their only alma mater. These days are past and gone, and now, on every hill- top, the white frame school house rears itself, inviting the reluctant youth to follow the road to knowledge. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 229 COMMISSIONERS OF SCHOOL LANDS. When the county of Jersey was organ- ized, in 1839, the office of superintend- ent of schools had not been, as yet, created. The only officer connected with the schools, under the constitution of 1818, was the commissioner of the school lands, who had charge of the funds arising from the sale of the six- teenth sections, donated in each con- gressional township for educational pur- poses. This officer was appointed by the county commissioners' court, who were empowered to fix the compensation of the same. Many of these men in all the early communities were unfit for the position, and upon the records of Jersey county is spread the following unique preamble and resolution, which is here given with names and dates left out, as it is not necessary for historic accuracy that they should be given; suffice it to say, that it is at a term of court in the early "forties:" ''Whereas, an order was made at the June term, 18 — , declaring the office of school commissioner and agent for the inhabitants of Jersey county, vacant by the removal of for neglect of duty and incompetency; and whereas, the court was not aware of the existence of the law passed last winter, making said offices elective by the people, on the first Monday in August next; and, whereas, in consequence of the exist- ence of said law, the court could not get a suitable and competent person to accept the appointment of said office for so short a time; therefore it is "Ordered, that said order is hereby rescinded, and said is to all intents and purposes re-instated in and to said office, for the reason above mentioned. But, be it known, that nothing has occurred to change or alter the minds of this court relative to the causes of removal." The first to occupy this office was Jo- seph Crabb, who was appointed by the county commissioners' court Oct. 14, 1839, and held it for about a year. He was succeeded by George Pegues. By some change in the law this was altered from an appointive to an elective one, and this gentleman was elected, but re- signed it September of that same year, and James Harriott was appointed in his place. In 1843 he was re-elected with- out any opposition, and again in 1S45 and 1847, holding the office for eight years. Rev. B. B. Hamilton was the next to fill the office, being elected thereto in the fall of 1847, but only served one year. Mr. Hamilton is a resident and present postmaster of the town of White Hall, Greene county, in the annals of which town may be found his sketch. In the fall of 1848 Hiram Bridges whs elected to fill this office, and held it for nine years, being re-elected in 1855. Henry H. Howard, a prominent attor- ney of the county, was elected to this office in 1857 and acceptably filled it for two years. In 1858 the law governing school mat- ters was radically changed, among the improvements being the abolishment of the office of school commissioner, and the establishment of the office of SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. This officer was required to examine applicants for teachers' certificates, and to issue said certificates to such as were qualified; to visit and inspect the schools 230 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. in the county, periodically; to examine the plans for any new school buildings and modify the same when necessary; to hold meetings of the presidents of school districts, and make a report to the state superintendent. W. J. Herdman was the first to fill this new position, being elected thereto in the fall of 1859, and held the same for nine years, being elected his own successor several times. C. H. Knapp, was the next incumbent of the office, being elected at the regular election of 1867, and served the people in that capacity for six years. W. H. Lynn was elected to the office of county superintendent of schools of Jersey county in the fall of 1878, and was re-elected in 1875, serving four years. William H. Lynn was born in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, Dec. 14, 1836, his parents heing Samuel and Frances W. (Wilson) Lynn. His early life was spent in Kentucky, where he received an aca- demic education. In 1857, he, with his parents came to Illinois, and served as a clerk one year in Carrollton. He then gave his attention to teaching, and was afterwards elected county superintend- ent of schools, and served as such four years. Politically, he is a democrat. Lott Pennington, the present incum- bent of the office, was first elected in 4877, and has filled it ever since, being elected regularly his own successor, on the expiration of his term of office. Lott Pennington, county superintend- ent of schools, is a native of New Jer- sey, born July 22, 1842. He is a son of James and Elizabeth (Richards) Penn- ington, the former, a native of New Jer- sey, the latter born in Wales, but brought to this country in infancy. James Penn- ington was a farmer, and Lott was reared to agricultural pursuits. In 1857 he came to Illinois, and stopped first at Bunker Hill. He came soon after, to Jerseyville. In 1860, he entered Mount Morris Seminary, and continued a stu- dent there, three years. He then fol- lowed teaching during the winter, and farming during the summer seasons, in the vicinity of Jerseyville. In the fall of 1877, he was elected county superin- tendent, and was re-elected in 1882. He is well qualified for this responsible position, and his popularity is well at- tested by his re-election to the same. In Nov., 1863, Mr. Pennington was married to Rebecca Rue, a daughter of George S. ami Ellen Rue. They have six children — George, Herbert, Birdie, Jes- se, Frank and Edith. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPEMENT. In the pioneer days in Jersey county, in common with all new countries, good schools were like "angels' visits — few and far between;" and it was consid- ered very fortunate, indeed, if any opportunity was offered for obtaining even the rudiments of a common school education. Some of the scattered set- tlements could not afford to employ a teacher, and were therefore compelled to do without, or send their children across the prairie or through the timber to some mora fortunate settlement, where a school was in operation. Many instances are mentioned where children have been sent a distance of from three to six miles, walking the entire way morning and evening of each day, that they might avail themselves of the chance of acquiring knowledge, and thus fitting themselves for life's duties. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 231 How different now ! In every town- ship there are several schools in success- ful operation; competent teachers are employed, many of whom have spent years in fitting themselves for their voca- tion, and every convenience afforded for the education of the rising generation. In those early days a log cahin or shanty, probably 10x12 feet in size, was erected on some of the old settlers' land. Fre- quently these huts had but one window, a small doorway cut through the logs at the most convenient place, while the furniture consisted of slab seats for the scholars and a three-legged stool and a hazel or hickory rod for the teacher. As fur books, but few were needed — the less the better, as the teacher could get along the more readily. The school statistics of the county are a profitable study, and many items here presented will show more conclusively and accurately the standing of the county in this respect. From the last report of the county superintendent, Lott Pennington, for the year ending June 30, 1884, a number of items have been compiled, which will best show, in tabulated form, the pres- ent condition of educational matters in Jersey county. Number of mules in the county between the ages of c> and 21 2,662 Number of females 2,3i»i Number of districts in the county 61 Number of graded schools 8 Number of ungraded schools 64 Number of male teachers employed. . . . 42 Number of female teachers employed.. 66 Number of males enrolled in graded schools 736 Number of females 1)42 Number of males enrolled in ungraded schools 1 ,394 Number of females 1,255 Whole number enrolled 4.027 Number of bi - iek school houses 7 Number of frame school houses 62 Number of school houses built dining the year ■'• Number of districts having libraries. ... ■'. Number of volumes in same 260 Average monthly wages paid male teachers 8 53.78 Average for female teachers 42.25 Amount of district tax levy for schools 33,296.38 Estimated value of school property 132,985.00 Estimated value of school libraries. .>::4.(»."> Estimated value of school apparatus 1,826.00 Number of first grade teachers' certifi- cates issued I"i Number of second grade 4s Number teachers' certificates to males 29 Number to females :14 Number of male applicants rejected. ... :: Number of females •"> First grade certificates renewed during the year i> Second grade certificates 10 FINANCIAL STATISTICS. As to the financial condition in school mat- ters, below is presented the account of the various township treasurers with the school districts, for the year ending June 30, 1884: RECEIPTS. Balance on hand June 30, L882 $15,664.98 From distribution of trustees 6,724.92 Special district taxes received 33,743.88 From loans paid in 372.47 Tuition fees 528.75 From sale of school property 41.00 From district bonds for building. . . . 1,295.00 From treasurers of other townships. 1,143.03 Fees of transferred pupils (12.72 Total $59,576.75 EXPENDITURES. Amount paid to male teachers in graded schools # 4,979.10 Amount paid to male teachers in un- graded schools 8,074.92 Amount paid to female teachers in graded schools 5,281,25 232 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Amount paid female teachers in un- graded schools 8,468.00 Paid for new school houses, built or purchased 2,21ii.:i4 Paid for school house sites and grounds 88.50 Paid for repairs and improvements. 1,609.96 Paid for school furniture 1,719.79 Paid for school apparatus 32.05 Paid for fuel and incidental expenses 4,260.54 Amount paid clerks of dist. boards. . 120.10 Amount of interest paid on district bonds 443.15 Amount paid of principal of district bonds 400.00 Paid tuition of pupils transferred. . . 94.18 Amount paid treasurers of other townships 1,218.00 Total $20,252.09 GHAPTRR XVI. THE WAR FOR THE UNION. The institution of slavery was always a source of trouble between the free and slave-holding states. The latter were always troubled with the thought that the former would encroach upon their rights, and nothing could be done to shake this belief. Compromise meas- ures from time to time were adopted to settle the vexed question of slavery, but the fears of the slave-holders were only allayed for a short time. Threats of secession were often made by the slave- holding states, but as soon as measures of a conciliatory character were passed, no attempt was made to carry their threats into execution. Finally came the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the adoption of a measure known as the Kansas-Nebraska bill. This bill opened certain territory to slavery, which, under the former act, was for- ever to be free. About the time of the passage of this act, the whig party was in a state of dissolution, and the great body of that party, together with cer- tain democrats who were opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska bill, united, thus forming a new party to which was given the name of republican, having for its object the prevention of the further ex- tension of slavery. The people of the south imagined they saw in this new party not only an effort to prevent the extension of slavery, but one that would eventually be used to destroy slavery in those states in which it already existed. In 1860, four presidential tickets were in the field. Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the republicans, Stephen A. Douglas of the national democrats, John C. Breckenridge of the pro-slaver}' interests, and John Bell of the union. The union party was composed princi- pally of those who had previously affili- ated with the American or know-noth- ing party. Early in the campaign there were threats of secession and disunion in case of the election of Abraham Lin- coln, but the people were so accustomed to southern bravado that little heed was given to the bluster. On the 20th of December, 1860, South HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Carolina, by a convention of delegates, declared "that the union now existing between South Carolina and the other states of North America is dissolved, and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the earth as a free, sovereign and independent state, with full power to levy war and conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do." On the 24th Gov. Pickens issued a proclamation declaring that " South Car- olina is, and has a right to be, a free and independent state, and as such has a right to levy war, conclude peace, and do all acts whatever that rightfully ap- pertain to a free and independent state." On the 26th Maj. Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie and occupied Fort Sum- ter. Two days previously he wrote the secretary of war, follows : " When I inform you that my garrison consists of only 60 effective men, and that we are in very indifferent works, the walls of which are only 14 feet high, and that we have within 160 yards of our walls sand hills which command our works, and which afford admirable sites for batteries and the finest coverts for sharp-shooters; and that besides this there are numerous houses, some of them within pistol shot, and you will at once see that if attacked in force, headed by any one but a simpleton, there is scarcely a possibility of our being able to hold out long enough for our friends to come to our succor." His appeals for reinforcements were seconded by Gen. Scott, but unheeded by President Buchanan and entirely ig- nored by Secretary of War Floyd. On the 28th South Carolina troops occupied Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinck- ney, and hoisted the palmetto flag on the ramparts. On the 29th John B. Floyd resigned his place in Buchanan's cabi- net, charging that the president in re- fusing to remove Maj. Anderson from Charleston harbor, designed to plunge the country into civil war, and added : "I cannot consent to be the agent of such a calamity." On the same day the South Carolina commissioners presented their official credentials at Washington, which, on the next day, were declined. On the 2d day of January, 1861, Geor- gia declared for secession, and Georgia troops took possession of the United States arsenal in Augusta and Forts Pulaski and Jackson. Gov. Ellis, of North Carolina, seized the forts at Beaufort and Wilmington and the arsenal at Fayetteville. On the evening of the 4th the Alabama and Mississippi delegations in congress tele- graphed the conventions of their respec- tive states to secede, telling them that there was no prospect of a satisfactory adjustment. On the 7th the conventions of Ala- bama, Mississippi and Tennessee met in secession conclave. Secretary Thomp- son resigned his seat in the cabinet on the 9th, on the ground that, contrary to promises, troops had been sent to Major Anderson. On the same day, the Star of the West, carrying supplies and re- inforcements to Major Anderson, with her flag at her mast-head, was fired into from Morris Island, and obeying in- structions turned homeward, leaving Fort Sumter and its gallant little band of heroes to the mercy of the rebels and traitors. On the same day, also, the 234 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ordinance of secession passed the Mis- sissippi convention. Florida adopted an ordinance of secession on the 10th, and Alabama on the 11th. On the latter day the rebels seized the arsenal at Baton Rouge, and Forts St. Philip and Jackson, at the mouth of the Missis- sippi river, and Fort Pike at the en- trance of Lake Pontchartrain. Pensacola navy yard and Fort Barrancas were sur- rendered to rebel troops by Colonel Armstrong on the 13th. Lieutenant Slemmer, who had drawn his command from Fort McRea to Fort Pickens, defied Armstrong's orders and announced his intention to "hold the fort" at all hazards. The Georgia convention adopted an ordinance of secession on the 19th. On the following day Lieu- tenant Slemmer was besieged by a thousand "allied troops" at Fort Pick- ens. Louisiana adopted an ordinance of secession on the 25th. On the 1st of February the rebels seized the United States mint and custom house at New Orleans. The peace convention assem- bled at Washington on the 4th, but adjourned without doing anything to quiet the disturbed elements. On the 9th a provisional constitution was adopted at Montgomery, Alabama, it being the constitution of the United States "re-constructed" to suit their purpose. Jefferson Davis, of Missis- sippi, was chosen president, and Alex- ander H. Stephens, of Georgia, vice- president, of the "Confederate States of North America." Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on the 18th, and on the 25th it was learned that General Twiggs, commanding the department of Texas, had basely betrayed his trust, and had surrendered all the military posts, am- munition and arms to the Texas au- thorities. Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated March the 4th, 1861, in front of the capitol, the ceremonies being witnessed by a vast concourse of people, Before taking the oath, Mr. Lincoln pronounced in a clear, ringing voice his inaugural address, to hear which there was an al- most painful solicitude ; to read which the whole American people and civilized world awaited with irrepressible in- terest. With that address and the ad- ministration of the oath of office, the people were assured. All doubt, if any had previously existed, was removed. In the hands of Abraham Lincoln, the people's president, and himself of the people, the government was safe. Traitors were still busy plotting and planning. Troops were mustering in all the seceded states. On Friday, April 12, the surrender of Fort Sum- ter, with its garrison of 60 effective men, was demanded, and bravely re- fused by the gallant Robert Anderson, the heroic commander. Fire was at once opened on the almost helpless gar- rison by the rebel forces, numbering several thousands. Resistance for any length of time was useless, and, at last, out of ammunition, and seared and scorched by flames from their burning quarters, the little band of heroic men were compelled to give up, and the na- tional colors were hauled down and by traitor hands were trailed in the dust, the dirt and the mire not defiling them half as much as the Judas touch of ar- rant rebels. On Sunday morning, the 14th, the news of the surrender was re- ceived in all the principal cities of the Union. That was all, but that was HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 235 enough. A day later, when the news was confirmed and spread throughout the country, the patriotic people of the North were aroused from their dreams of the future — from undertakings half completed — and made to realize that, behind that mob, there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to des- troy the government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black. Their dreams of the future — their plans for the establish- ment of an independent confederacy — were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. "Draw fortb your million blades as one; Complete the battle how begun; God tights with ye. and overhead Floats the dear banner of your dead. They, and the gluries of the past. The future, dawning dim and vast. And all the holiest hopes of man Are beaming triumphant in your van. "Slow to resolve, be swift to do; Teach ye the False how tights the True: How buckled l'ertidy shall feel In her black heart the Patriot's steel; How sure the bolt that Justice wings: How weak the arm a traitor brings; How mighty they who steadfast stand For freedom's tlag and freedom's land." On Monday, April 15, President Lin- coln issued the following proclamation: Whereas, The laws of the I'nited states have for some time past, and are now, op- posed and the execution thereof obstructed, in the states of South Carolina. Alabama, Florida. Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceed- ings, or by the power vested in the marshals; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested by the constitution and the laws. have thought to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the several states of the Union, to the number of seventy-five thou- sand, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. The details for this subject will be immedi- ately communicated to the state authorities through the war department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate and to aid this effort to maintain the honor, the integ- r ty and existence of our National Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long endured. I deem it proper to say that the first services assigned to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the object aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the country; ami I hereby command the persons composing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse I retire peaceably to their respective abode,, within twenty days from this date. Deeming that the present condition of pub- lic affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, 1 do hereby, in virtue id' the powers in me vested by the constitution, convene both the houses of congress. The senators and repre- sentatives are therefore summoned to assemble at their respective chambers at 1_! o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day id' July next, then and there to consider and deter- mine such measures as in their wisdom the public safety and interest may seem to demand. In witness thereof. I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the I'nited Slates to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, on the fif- teenth day id' April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the I'nited states, tie eighty-fifth. By the president, Abraham Lincoln. William II. Seward, secretary of state. The last word of this proclamation had scarcely been taken from the elec- >36 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. trie wire before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hun- dreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole country could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school house — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the govern- ment's honor and unity. Party lines were for a time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and join- ing hands in a common cause, they re- peated the oath of America's soldier statesman: "By the great eternal, the union must and shall be preserved !" Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it seemed as if there were not men enough in all the free states to crush out the rebellion. But to every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. The gauntlet thrown down by plotters of the south was ac- cepted; not, however, in the spirit which insolence meets insolence, but with a firm, determined spirit of patri- otism and love of country. The duty of the president was plain under the constitution and laws, and, above and beyond all, the people, from whom all political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representative and executive offi- cers to the utmost extremity. Settled as Jersey county was by many from the southern states, it is in no wise derogatory to her that in the breasts of many of her citizens beat hearts in sym- pathy with the cause of the southern confederacy, and that a feeling of ill- will should prevail against the radical abolitionists. But to their honor be it spoken, that many of these, who looked upon the movement of the south as hav- ing just grounds, with a noble patriot- ism, sank all sectional and political feelings in their devotion to the cause of the Union, and the "star gemmed fiag" of their country. Many of the citizens of the county of Jersey, and among them many of the most influential and respected ones, used every honorable means to defeat the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, deeming it to be the best interests of the country. But others worked equally hard to ele- vate the favorite son of Illinois to the executive seat, although a no less dis- tinguished citizen of Illinois was one of his opponents. The vote, in Novem- ber 1860, best shows the number of those who favored the election of Lin- coln and who favored his opponents: for Lincoln, 910 votes; for Douglas, 1,291; for Breckenridge, 11; and for Bell, 105. In the minds of all it seemed impossible that the south would secede, and that this glorious republic would be disrupted, thinking that when the excitement of the political cam- paign had passed away, peace and pros- perity would continue. But when the sad news of Anderson's surrender was made known throughout the land, no greater indignation, at the outrage to our flag, was betrayed anywhere than in Jersey county. Political rancor was hushed, partisan feeling was swept away, and pure patriotism animated the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 237 whole people. Nobly did the people of the county respond to the calls for men in the foregoing proclamation, and at each succeeding call. All throughout the long years that the dark cloud of war covered our country, the enlistment of men, the forming of new companies, the constant stir and excitement was kept up, and men, young, middle-aged and old, pressed to the front. Many brave and gallant sons of Jersey county represented her in the ranks of "blue-coated national defenders," men who stood in the red front of lurid battle, and always took a prominent part. Numbers of them laid down their lives upon the altar of their country, and their bones enrich the soil of nearly every southern state. From the Potomac to the Rio Grande, from Albemarle sound to the Rocky mountains, have their drums beat, and the ground re-echoed to their tread, and no more heroic soldiers led the van in many a stricken field than did the representatives from this section of the state. While they were away upon the tented field, the patriotic men and women at home were not idle. Although impos- sible to get the county to do anything in an official way for the relief of sol- diers' families, many, as private citi- zens, thought it not only a duty but a blessed privilege to render all the aid in their power. During the entire four years of war, we think but little actual suffering was experienced by any at home on account of the absence of their natural protectors, who were serving their country. Fairs and festivals were held for the purpose of obtaining sani- tary supplies for those in the field, and soldiers' aid societies were continually investigating and relieving the wants of the needy at home. ROSTER. The following is a complete roster of the citizens of Jersey county, who, in that trying hour of a nation's need, left wife, children and comfortable homes, and, shouldering the musket, went to the front in discharge of the patriot's duty. These are compiled from the adjutant general's report, and other official and authentic sources. If there are any inaccuracies of spelling, or omissions, the historians hope that they will be pardoned, as the rolls have been followed as nearly as possible, and none has a higher appreciation of the "boys in blue," than the writers of these annals: .SEVENTH IXFAXTIiY. COMPANY F. Bickner, G. W., Camp, Christopher, Elliott, William It., .James, George, Becker, J. II., Phillips, 11. W. James, William, NINTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Harris, Charles, TWELFTH INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Yates, George. COMPANY 1. Hamilton, Alexander. FOURTEENTH IX FAXTUY. COMPANY F. Captains: Littlelield. M. S., Moore, John I). First Lieutenants: Scott, William II., Simmons, T. II., Stafford, I. B. Sergeants: Mendenhall, A. W., Pattern, William II., Davis, J. A., Stafford, I. B., Leonard, T. H. 238 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. c orporals: FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. Drew, J. M.. Aullabaugh, R. R, The regiment known as the 14th 111. smith. . I. \\\, Catt. William, Umphreys, J. II., Vol. Inf. was organized for 30 days un- Pinckard, (i. R., Stafford, Brook. der what is known as the "Ten Regi- Musicians: ment bill," and was mustered into the Adams, George, Smutz, D. P. state service at Jacksonville, where it ] J rivates: rendezvoused, on the 4th of May, 1861. Arkebauer, George Austin, James, On the 25th of the same month it was Beck, J. I)., Bright, Mahlon, mustered into the service of the United Brockus, J. L., Berry, W. W., Ballard, Ludwig, Craig. Lionel. States, for three years, by Capt. Pitcher, 1 i.ivis, Jackson, Davidson, E. G., of the regular army. Elliott, W. J., Estes., A. J., The regiment remained at Camp Dun- Free, M. VV., Freeman, J. (J., can, Jacksonville, 111., until the latter Greene, <>. S., Hoag, W. A., part of June, 1861, under instruction in Hoag, Franklin. Hull, M. J., drill and other duties contingent upon the life of a soldier, but upon the date Halloran, John, James, Alonzo, Johnessee, John, Keys. John, Leonard, s. B., Leigh, Joseph. above they proceeded to Quincy, 111., Milliken. T. 8., Monk. John, and upon the 5th of July were trans- Miller, Newton, Moore, William, ferred to Missouri. The officers at this Moore, John 1)., Price, '1'. A.. time were as follows : Colonel, John Barker, J. V., Iioland, Alexander. M. Palmer; lieutenant-colonel, Amory Rowdan, Isaac, Rowdan, James, Rudolph, Charles, Richards. A. P., K. Johnson; major, Jonathan Morris; Slaten, W. W., Stover, David, and adjutant, Robert P. MeKnight. It Smith, S. ('., Si-., Smith, S. ('.. Jr., did some guard duty in Missouri, in con- Strode. T. II., Taylor, G. W.. nection with the 16th 111. Inf. On the Vinson, (i. W., Ware, Nathaniel, 16th of July the regiment marched with other troops, under the command of Brower, Eliphalet, Brewer, Emory. Brewer, Edward, Bigelow, , tire !' It seemed to me like the tolling of the clock of destiny. And when at ' No. 6, fire !' the roar throbbed out with the Hash, you should have Been the dead line, that had been lying behind the works all day, come to resurrection in the twinkling of an eye, and leap like a blade from its scabbard." The orders were to take the rifle-pits 244 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY at the foot of Missionary ridge, then halt and reform; but the men forgot them all, and carrying the works at the base, swept up the ascent. Grant caught the grand inspiration, and ordered a grand charge along the whole front. Up they went, without firing a shot, over rocks, trees, and stumps, surmounted the crest, captured the guns and turned them upon the enemy, now fully routed and in disorderly retreat. Although the 27th held its accustomed place in these battles, it lost only a few men. From Mission ridge the Reg. was called on to make a forced march to the relief of Knoxville, then closely pressed by the confederate forces under Gen. Long- street, but by the time it reached the beleaguered city the enemy had been re- pulsed. It then returned to Loudon, Tenn., arriving there Jan. 25, 1864, and going into camp, remained until April 18, when orders were received that caused it to move to Cleveland, Tenn. While at this place Gen. Sherman was collecting his forces and organizing his army for the descent upon Atlanta and the subsequent march to the sea, and the 27th 111. was ordered to join the in- vading force, which it did. At Rockv Face ridge, May 9, Resaca, May 14, Cal- houn, May the 16th, Adairsville, May the 17th, Dallas, May the 26th to June 4, Pine Top mountain, June 10 to 14, Mud creek, June 18, and Kenesaw, this gallant regiment performed prodigies of valor and wrung from a defeated enemy the highest encomiums. At the battle of Peach Tree creek, July 20, the 27th was in line, and to quote the words of Greeley in his history of the war: "These soldiers stood as still as though bullet proof." The regiment was relieved from duty at the front, Aug. 25, 1864, and ordered to Springfield, 111., for muster out, but was detained for a couple of days at Nashville, Tenn., on the way home, on account of apprehensions felt in that city, of an attack by the cavalry column under Gen. Wheeler. It then proceeded to the capital of Illinois, where it was mustered out, Sept. 25, 1864. During the term of service it had the following casualties: killed or died of wounds, 102; died of disease, 80; num- ber of wounded, 328; discharged and resigned, 209; transferred, 39. The veterans and recruits of the 27th were consolidated with the 9th 111. Inf., on their comrades leaving for home. THIRTY- FIRST INFANTRY. COMPANY I. Strickland. Benjamin. THIRTY- SECOND INFANTRY. COMPANY l>. Corporal: Hannah, J. E. Privates: Hardy. Henry. Pickett, William, Strapps, Fields. Till R T V-T 1 1 1 H I ) I X F A X T V. COMPANY C. Bailey, J. C, Beck, II. W... Curtis. Leander, Humiston, Linus, Kennedy. .1. K. P.. Lucas. J. W. Land, .1. II.. McGee, J. A., Malott, J. s.. Murphy, Robert, O'DonnelL Jeremiah, sisson, H. H., Ntringham, M. E., Terry, II. C, Wilson. J. L.. Whitaker, James. FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. COMPANY F. Marks. Kul'us. COMPANY K. O'Brien, Patrick. FIFTY- THIRD INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Andrews. Joel, Arbogast, John. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 245 FORTY- NINTH INFANTRY. Gallagher, E. C, Grinin, W. R., COMPANY O. Grather, W. M., HalLE. E„ Second Lieutenant: Handling, Orange, Hegans, Nelson, Lucas, Joseph. Judd., J. W., Jackson, Charles, ■Sergeant: Linnel, William, Lee, J. W., Lucas, Joseph. Loney, J. P., Martin, John, Corporal: Nott, M. II., Minor, B. F., Spangle, Henry. Martin, Leonard, Miner, L. J., Privates: Myrick. (). T., Millford. B. C, Egan, John, Gibbs, William. Mack, Patrick, Me Dow, William, FIFTY- NINTH INFANTRY. McQuiddy, J. I)., Nugent, Edward, COMPANY I. Nevius, Henry, Nichols, J. N., Luba, Jacob, Perry, Alonzo, Older. Coleman, O'Reilly, Matthew, Macumber, Alonzo, Tuller, Isaac. Post, W. F„ Parker. M. S., SIXTY- FIRST INFANTRY. Perry, Commodore. Powers, William, Assistant Surgeon: Knapp, George H. COMPANY A. Copeland, Alfred, McCoy, W. II., Roberts, John, Shaw, J. M, Manning. J. M„ Walpole, J. S. Piggott, J. T, Bobbins, Richards, Reed. J. II., Savage, J. ('., Slover, Samuel, Sweeney, W. H, Smith, Joseph, Sansom, (i. W., Stone,.!. B., Schuller. J. p., Todrany, William, Thurston. J. L., Vinson, I. N., Wentworth, J. F., COMPANY B. Kemper, Levi. Welch. J. P., Wentworth, G. E., Yuard, Hugh. Chism, T. II., COMPANY c. Captains: Ihrie. Warren, Hesser, .1. T. Cope, Alexander, Conoway, John, Dodson, Theodore, Erwin, S. P., First Lieutenants: Hesser, Joseph, Machel, John, Milford. H. F., Piper, Oliver, I lesser, J. T.. Parker, M. S., Judd, J. W. Pritchall, B. H., Scroggins, J. F., Second Lieutenants: Slat en. II. L. Hesser, J. T., Parker, M. S., COMPANY I). Judd, J. W., Nevius, Henry, Captain: Cooley, John. Reddish. J. II . Privates: First Lieutenants: Allen, R. M., Briggs. G. L., Reddish. J. II., Stillwell, Leander. Hell, Henry, Beale, J. 15., Second Lieutenants: Bates. W. P. Bates. J. W., Reddish, W. M., Wallace, E. W., Cook, W. II.. Cyter, J. II., Stillwell, Leander, Oberdeik, C. H. Campbell, J. II., Cooley, John. Privates: Chadwell, T. II., Case, James, Austin, B. F., Albert, F. J., Chism, R. P., Crain, J. B., Allenden, A. P., Bethall, L. W.. Carson, John, Collip, Frederick, Conner, Bark, Davis, Amos. Brewer. Lemuel, Bingham, R. ('., Dodson, F. M., Dehner, Jacob, Bartlett, I. W.. Burris, Amnion, Dallis, T. N., Edington, William, Hurnham, F. S., Corbin, M. B., Enule, Joh n, Elmore, William, Carroll. J. M., Dabbs, Emanuel. Embley, Edgar, Faulkner, John R., Ellifrity, James, Ellifritty, Isaac, Finicye, W. B., Ferguson, G. B.. Eldridge, John. Fillay. A. B., Francis, John, Forbes, J. B., Gates, T. M, Gates, F. M., Gaul, William, Goff, J.S., Green, E. IL, Donell, William, ~ 246 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Gunther, W. .M., Holliday, Hiram, COMPANY K. Harris. A. J., HarvilL J. W., Shepley, William, Bratton, William, Il.irvill. B. F, Hall, Edward, Litliral, Isaac. Grimm, Napoleon. Hutchinson, J. <;.. Hill, F. M., Jobson, John, Karr, ('. .1., For a history of the 61st Illinois Inft. Karr, Hugh, King, William, Rig., see history of Greene county, in Robinson, J. E., Leavitt, Samuel, this volume, where it is given in full, Lippert, Henry, Lee. William. having been raised and organized at Miller. J. P.. Miller, W. J., Carrollton, that county, in 1862. Minor, Henry. Medford, Jackson, Murphy, Braxton, McQuiddy, James, SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Montgomery, Ezekiel, Oberdeike, ('. II., ( OMPANT ('. Richey, John, Sapp, James, McClure, Samuel, Pollock, John, Scott, James, Smith. Samuel. SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Schooley, James. Schultz, Albert. COMPANY <;. stilhvell. Leander, Timmons, Jasper, Sutton. L. M., Asher, W. R„ smith. W. C, Timmons, Ephraim, Brown. William. Cundiff, J. L.. Wallace. E. W, Worthey, William, Frisby, George, Marshall, Charles, Burns, Jonathan, Burgess. W. B., Sr., Nicodemus, John, Smith. Charles. Burgess. W. IS. .Jr.. Banfield, John, Beeby. William. Lovely. I!. A.. Banfield, William, Barrows. Ackron. Lynum. S. W.. Marshall, I). E.. Chapman, L. N., Duggan, John. Marshall. W. 11.. Parker, Joel. Dougherty. James, Fowler, William S., Peter, G. B., Peter, W. M., Gilbert, David, Goss, A. J., St. Clair. J. W.. Tally. II. 1). Golden, Michael. Hill. J. J.. SEVE N T Y-s E( !( > N 1 1 IN F ANTR Y. Hull. Q. A.. [nards, silas. COMPANY I>. Powell, Joel, Rowden, Daniel, Hall. W. L., Ralston. S. D. NINETY-SIAEXTII INFANTRY. COMPANY (i. COMPANY G. Second Lieutenant: Bell, J. B., Richer. Samuel. Powell, John. COMPANY II. Privates: Second Lieutenants: Barber, W. A., Blake, G. F., McNeil. L. C, Martin, W. L., Fickell, F. M., Kelch, Charles, Sergeants: Powell. John. Johnessee. S. M., Scott. H. B., Carr, Robert, Quigley, W. L., Sturman, L. R., ( lorporals: Scroggins, G. L., Turpin, .. Holowell, W. x„ Howell, John, McCurdy, Joseph, McCumber, Jasper, Medley, J. L., Pease, (i. A.. Palmer, \V. E.. Rhoads, T. J., Simmonds, J. L., Tunstall. John, Wales, C. E., Wilson. J. D. ONE HUNDRED FORTY- FOURTH INF. COMPANY A. Andrews, J. E., Bechtil, J. J., Craig, Solomon, Denny,.!. 1!.. Jr., Harrington, Morris. Ryall! Alfred. Tully, H. C, Waggoner, J. E. COMPANY B. Austin, George, Bell, Z. T., Crabtree, Edward, Doyle, Thomas. Fitzgerald, Robert, Harris, H. 15., Hueston, J. L., Hueston, C. W., Hueston, S. \\\. Jones, Samuel, Nelson, Andrew, Porter, Jackson, Howden. W. \V., Rowden, J. H.. Snedeker, J. S., Spangle, Perry, COMI ANY I>. Bailey, William. Kendall, W. II., Reed, J. ('., Van Pelt, Clark, Fredenburg, G. IP. Proctor, T. 0., Richard, John, Bleumerfleld, John, Guthrie, J. A., Proctor, Benjamin, Trager, William. White, T. C, Burritt, T. L. COMPANY F. Boedy, christian, Buffington, Colby, Brown. Myron, Crowder, J. T.. Capp, Joseph. Edrngton, William, Punk, J. IP, Holmes. William. Jones, W. \.. Manning, John, Murphy, A. X.. Morse, G. L.. Pollard, Isaac, Ratcliff, G. W„ Scroggins, Henry, Sheff, R. J„ Borrjuer, A.. Crowder, W. D., Crocker, Denny, Fisher, G. S, Gilleland,T. R.. Hart. J. F., Mott, Asbury. .Murphy. M. A., Murphy, W. H.. < I Wal, .lames, Parks, John, Ryan, William. Scerie, John, Sunderland. William. Sunderland. Williams.. Sison, L. H., Shields. W. P.. Scroggins, Anderson, Tack, C. M., Wilkinson, Thomas, White, T. P.. Weigel, Henry, Ward, John. Dolson, Stephen, Fizer, Clinton. Fizer, .lohn. Furlong, Martin. House. John, Jewett, C. A., Powrey, James. COMPANY G. Cope, Leonard, Cope, Martin, Dunsdon, J. M., Ford, . I. II., Gier, John, Kinsella, Martin, Moore, .lames, McFain, E. A. Mi-Fain. J C„ Proctor, .1. M.G., 1'itt, A. F., Handle, J, P., Shelley, J. J., Smith, John, Slattery, John, Wilson, E. E., Cope, Thomas. Ford. G. A., Mc(iee. J. W. COMPANY II. Captain: PittTWilliam E - Privates: Green, Louis, < treen, Almarion, Hart! y, Samuel, McDow, William, < I'Xeil, Michael. ( (wen James, Piggott, G. M„ Shaw, W. W., Sweeney, Thomas, Tearney, John, Bull, C. F., Close, Samuel, Dandridge, Robert, Emery, < harles, Granger, W. T., Giles, Andrew, Lane, W. II., Moore, W. II.. Minard, A. K., Orr, W. .).. Peters, Henry, Hue. W. H„ Sunderland, ]|. L, Sharon, William, Sunderland, J. W., shook. Blaney, Avleanl. T. W., Gier, J. II.. Hand. Shadrach, Litter. John. Nicholas, T. s., O'Donnell, John Pistole, M. K., Reed, W. A., Smith C. C, Travis, G. \\\. Vinson, J. E., Welsh, William, Winger, Henry, Caldwell, S.T., Gibbs, .lames, I 'it!. V.T., Sandford, Geo., Willis, W. A., Willis Isaac, Briggs. G. P., Fdsall, < 'lie, Nutt, W. J., Stillwell, .lohn, Shaw, S. A., Sunderland. .1. \V. COMPANY I. Captain: Moore, J. T>. Second Lieutenant: Hutchinson, W. II. Privates: P.idwell, L. X., Burlew, Noah, Battersbey, David, Carroll Patrick, ('rain, James, Crabtree, J. W.. Dobbs, G.W., Dowdall, W. II., Gray, Solomon, Harvill, B. F„ Jennings, Richard, Lyles, T. \X ., Little, S.. Lemkull. W. II., Miller. Isaac Simpson. J. II., Ford, S. W.. Macumber, J. ROLL OF HONOR. George W. Bicknerdied Nov. 28, 1861. H. W. Phillips was killed at Alatoona Pass, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. Daniel P. Smutz, was killed at Shiloh, Tenn.; April 6, 1862. John Johnessee died Aug. 24, 1863. John V. Parker died July 21, 1862. N. Ware, killed, April 6, 1882. Emory Brewer was killed at Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1862. Edward Brewer died Dec. 22, 1861. Herman Heberick was killed at Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1861. John Smith died Aug. 18, 1863. William D. Wadlingtondied at Mound City, Oct. 30, 1861. William D. Bell died at home, Nov. 10, 1S63, from wounds. William L. Green died July 2, 1864. W. Trimble died, wounds,Nov.21, '61. George Ult was killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. Sergeant George W. Bray den died at Bridgeport, Aug. 25, 1863. Andrew J. Johnson was killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Henry Melntire died of wounds at Benton Barracks, April 14, 1864. Chas. F. Daudridge was left wounded on the battlefield of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Benjamin Strickland was killed at Grand Junction, Jan. 18, 1863. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 255 William H. McCoy died at Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862. James M. Shaw died at Little Rock, May 56, 1864. Captain Warren Ihrie died Sept. 9, 1862. Robert M. Allen, left wounded on the field at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. John W. Bates died at St. Louis, May 15, 1862. John H. Cyter died at Duvall's Bluff, Sept. 2, 1863. John Francis died at St. Louis, Mo., March 14, 1862. Julius S. Goff died at St. Louis, Mo., March 14, 1862. Edward C. Gallagher was killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Nelson Hegans died at Savannah, April 12, 1862, of wounds. John Martin died at Snyder's Bluff, Miss., July 25, 1863. Sergeant Benjamin F. Miner died at Memphis, Feb. 1, 1864. Corporal Leonard Martin was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Joseph Smith died from wounds re- ceived at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Samuel P. Erwin died at St. Louis, Mo., May 12, 1862. Benjamin H. Pritcball died at Pitts- burg Landing, Tenn., May 8, 1862. John F. Scroggins died at Franklin, Tenn., Aug. 6, 1865. Frank J. Albert was killed at Pitts- burg Landing, April 6, 1862. Benjamin F. Austin died at Pittsburg Landing, April 30, 1862. Moses B. Corbin was killed at Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1862. James M. Carroll was killed April 6, 1862, at Shiloh. Corporal Hiram Halliday died at Macon, Ga., Aug. 14, 1862, while a prisoner of war. Andrew J. Harris, reported dead. John Jobson died July 25, 1863. Samuel Leavitt died at Mound City, 111., May 10, 1862. Joel P. Miller died at St. Louis, Mo. Braxton Murphy was missing at Pittsburg Landing; Tenn., and was re- ported dead. Ezekiel Montgomery died Feb. 3,1862. Samuel Smith died at St. Louis, Mo., April 26, 1862. James Schooley died of wounds, April 30, 1862. James Dougherty died at Duvall's Bluff, Miss., Sept. 22, 1864. Daniel Rawden died while in the service. Charles Kelch died while a prisoner of war. William L. Quigley died at Hamburg, Tenn. William A. Rowden died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 8, 1865. Leroy Stephenson died at Murfrees- boro, Tenn., March 29, 1865. Noah W. Jones died at Owl Creek, Tenn., June 1, 1863. Alexander Campbell died at the hos- pital of the Good Samaritan, April 3, 1862. Robert Lyons was reported dead. Aaron Pruitt was killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Corporal George W. Turnpaw died while in the service. William Beeby died at Piasa of wounds Sept. 4, 1864. William M. Peter died at Newbern, X. C, April 9,1864. James \V. St. Clair died at Louisville, Ky., July 14, 1864. 256 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. William L. Hall died at Columbus Ky., Sept. 28, 1862. George Draper was killed accident- ally, Nov. 1, 1863. William Reid was accidentally killed Nov. 1, 1863. Charles Watson died at home Oct. 8, 1862. William Woods was accidentally killed Nov. 1, 1863. John Berlien was killed at Fort Blake- ley, Ala., April 9, 1865. James Crissip died at Morganzia Bend, La., Oct. 6, 1864. Edward Carney died at Morganzia Bend, La., Aug. 3, 1864. Newton S. Osborn was killed acci- dentally, Nov. 1, 1863. Edwin D. Lowe was killed April 9, 1865, while planting the colors on Fort Blakeley, Ala. Christopher J. Miller died while in the service. John P. Slaten was accidentally killed Nov. 1, 1863. Andrew J. Clark died March 23, 1863. Thomas H. Clark died March 15, 1863. James Enos died Aug. 15, 1863. Henry H. Giberson, died Feb. 15, 1863. William H. Giberson died Jan. 23, 1863. Lafayette Lassiter died April 6, 1863. Elliott Macoy died Feb. 8, 1863. James McRang died Feb. 8, 1863. James H. Manyfold died of wounds July 28, 1863. Isaac N. Selby died Jan. 23, 1863. Benjamin F. Williams died Feb. 14, 1863. Jacob Walty died March 23, 1863. Osborn Worthy died April 3, 1863. J. K. P. Court died Feb. 13, 1863. R. W. VanPelt was killed at Fort Blakeley, Ala,, April 9, 1865. Andrew Brown died at Camp Butler, Springfield, 111., March 10, 1864. Sergeant Asa Powell died in Ander- sonville prison, Ga., Aug. 15, 1864. Daniel Cassey died at Eastport, Miss., Jan. 26, 1865. Garrison Eveland died at Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 5, 1862. Philip Egelhoff died of wounds Jan. 1,1863. Samuel Ryan died Sept. 29, 1862. John H. Withrow died at Trenton, Tenn., Jan. 31, 1863. William L. Jackson died at Trenton, Tenn., Nov. 15, 1862. Frederick Austin died at Detroit, Mich., Sept. 8, 1863. Charles Barton died at Lake Provi- dence, La., March 10, 1863. William Gaston died at Vicksburg, Miss., Sept. 27, 1864. Thornton Hughs died at Memphis, Tenn., July 14, 1863. J. C. Motherly, died at Laclede, Mo. Sept. 15, 1863. Nelson Phillips died of wounds, June 28, 1863. R. C. Vance was killed at Vicksburg, June 26, 1863. Christian Boedy died at Alton, Ills., March 27, 1865. William Sunderland died at Plain- view, Ills., Jan. 22, 1865. Almarion Green died at Alton, Ills., July 14, 1865. Thomas S. Nicholas died at Alton, Ills., Jan. 12, 1865. John E. Vinson died atFieldon, Ills., Dec. 2, 1864, James Gibbs died at Alton, Ills., Feb. 1, 1865. CHAPTER XVII. ELSAH TOWNSHIP. The above named township lies in the southern part of the county. It does not comprise a full congressional town- ship, a considerable part being cut off by the Mississippi river, which bounds it on the south. On the east it is bounded by Madison county, with Mis- sissippi township on the north and Quarry township on the west. The township is hilly and broken, and along the Mississippi river is found many high and picturesque bluffs, from which a fine view of the surrounding country is commanded. Among the more prom- inent of these is Notch Cliff, upon which is the residence of Mrs. Lucy V. S. Ames. The Piasa creek enters the eastern part of the township on Sec. 24, and in its meandering and zigzag course flows through sections 13, 14, 23 and 24, emptying into the Mississippi river on the fractional section 25. There are several other small creeks or streamlets, which furnish an abundance of water for all practical purposes. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlement in what is now Elsah township is generally believed to have been made by William Bates, and he was undoubtedly one of the first per- manent settlers. He came to this county in 1817, and took up his location in what is now Elsah township. He erected his cabin on section 25, about a quarter of a mile from the Piasa creek, on land which now belongs to the widow of John Locke. He was a native of South Carolina, and on coming to Illi- nois stopped, for a time, at the block house between Edwardsville and St. Louis, and thence to this county, as aforesaid. He was married when he came here. One of his daughters mar- ried James Redden; one married Abel Moore, whose two children were killed by the Indians at the Wood river mas- sacre; another daughter married Josiah Askew. Bates buried three wives in this county, and he was married five times. Some persons were condol- ing with him on the loss of a wife, and the necessity of his thereafter living alone. Bates said, "Oh, I could easily get another, if I just had time to go out and hunt one." Bates was a very small man, and was known among the early settlers as being the most diminutive among them. He sold out his place to John Bostwick and others, about 1835, who laid out thereon the town of Ran- dolph, and he moved away to the farm of his son-in-law, Abel Moore, about two miles northeast of Shurtleff Col- lege, at Upper Alton, where he after- ward died. A man by the name of Watson ef- fected a settlement in the eastern part of the township about the year 1818, accompanied by his son, Matthew. None of the family are living at present and it is not known what became of these pioneers. One of the few settlers of 1818 was Edward Carroll, of whom not a great deal is remembered among the early set- tlers, as he died within a few years after coming to the county and when the set- tlement of the.county was in a compara- tively very crude condition. Descend- ents of his have, however, been identi- fied with the county and vicinity for a space of time equaling that of a long lifetime, and two of his three children are living at this writing. He was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1780. He was reared in his native country, and there learned a trade, that of tanner and cur- rier. Being in Ireland at the time of the rebellion of 1798, he was engaged on the patriot side in that struggle. In 1801 he emigrated to America, landing at the port of New York. From there he went to New Jersey, locating in Sus- sex county, near New Town, where he worked at his trade. While working there he was married to Mary Wright, a niece of Gen. Greene, of Revolutionary fame. Her father also served on the side of the colonists all through that memorable struggle. After his mar- riage Edward started in business for himself, sinking a tan-yard and engag- ing quite extensively in the manufacture of leather. He continued the business with profit until, his health failing, he determined to sell out and travel. He finally brought up in Stark county, 0. This was before the last war with Great Britain, and that part of Ohio was then a howling wilderness, and the Indians who infested that vicinity were then on the rampage. All through the war of 1812 the family lived there, and the tri- als there undergone by them may read- ily be understood by a perusal of the history of the times. Having determined to penetrate further into the western wilds, in 1817, Edward left his family in Ohio, and with a brother-in-law, James Moffitt, came out to the vicinage of the Missis- sippi river. Arriving at the Whiteside's settlement, Gen. Whiteside, who was himself contemplating atrip, offered to go with them on a tour of the country further north. They traveled through Madison and what are now Jersey and Greene counties, and were as far as the neighborhood of the present city of Springfield, thus getting a pretty good idea of the advantages for settlement offered by different regions on the route. The result of the trip seems to have determined them in favor of what is now Jersey county, for the brothers- in-law returned, as they had come, on horseback, to Ohio, and began prepara- tions for moving their families out in the spring following. The last traces of winter had hardly vanished in the lap of spring ere Edward, mounting a hardy steed, was once more on his way across tha trackless route of alternating prairie and timber, bound for his new Eldorado. The family, again left he- hind, were to take the river route, and under the guidance of Moffitt, were to find the spot selected, where Edward was to have a cabin ready for occupancy. That spring he labored in the wilder- ness, and on the arrival of the family, on the 17th day of July, 1818, he was found alone at the new home, with everything ready for occupancy. He had two log houses and a stable of the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 259 same material built, about the center of of section 23, in what is now Elsah township. He commenced to improve this place, but thinking the other side of Mill creek better suited for a place of residence, he went over there and built a two-story hewed log house, moving his family into it in the summer of 1819. That same spring he had sunk a tan-pit on the place, having a number of French workmen from Portage to help in its construction. This work was never pushed to completion accord- ing to the plan he had adopted, though considerable leather was tanned there, considering the extreme newness of the country for any enterprise of this kind. Edward died on the 14th day of June, 1823. They took his body across the river and he was interred at Portage, there being then no regular place of burial on this side of the Mississippi, in that vi- cinity. He had served on the first petit jury of Greene county, in 1822, (Jersey and Greene being then one county), and at that term of court was one of the jury in the notorious Dixon robbery case, which occurred within the present limits of Jersey county. Mrs. Edward Carroll died near Otterville, on the 24th of Feb., 1852, and is buried in the family graveyard, which lies on the John Dougherty farm. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Carroll were the parents of three children. The eldest, Cather- ine, born in Sussex county, N. J., in 1805, was married in the 1823 to Sam- uel Lofton, and is now deceased, her only surviving child being Mary Agnes, widow of Ephraim Fredenburg. Charles Wright Carroll, the second child in order of age, of Edward Car- roll, was born in Stark county, Ohio, on the 16th day of Aug., 1815. He came to this county with his parents in 1818, and was reared here. He was married in Alton, July 20, 1863, to Bradley, a native of Maryland, and daughter of Henry Bradley. He is now living in Otterville, and is one of the few early pioneers still surviving, having lived within her borders longer than Illinois has been a state. Thomas Edward Carroll, the youngest of the three children of Edward Carroll, and the second white child born in what is now Jersey county, was born in what is now Elsah township, Jersey county, at his parents' home, on Sec. 23, on the 2d day of Feb., 1820. He married Bridget Fitzgerald, and the couple, with their children live in Macoupin county, not far from Litchfield, the metropolis of Montgomery county. James Mofhtt also came out with the Carroll family. He had been out with Edward Carroll, in 1817, on his trip of exploration. John Carroll and family, a brother of Edward, settled on the farm owned by James Seagraves, in 1819. He was a native of Ireland, but came to this township from Ohio. He resided here until his death, which occurred in Jan., 1837, and his wife followed him in Feb., 1844. Out of a family of ten, all are dead at present except one daughter — Mary — who is now the widow of Thomas Cummings, and resides in Mississippi township. Isaac Terry came in 1830, locating in Elsah township. He was born in Han- cock county, Ya., in 1800. He died here in 1871. "His son James C, now lives in the township, and is one of its best men. 260 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. REPRESENTATIVE PEOPLE. Among the people of Elsah who reflect credit upon that section of the county, for their intelligence, culture and praiseworthy enterprise, are the fol- lowing gentlemen, whose sketches are given in this connection : George Piggott, a well known and prosperous farmer of Elsah township, is a native of Jersey county, 111., born near Newbern. He remained with his parents till 21 years of age, then worked out, at farming, in different places until the fall of 1864. At that date he en- listed in the 144th Reg. of 111. Inft,, becoming a member of Co. H., com- manded by Capt. Pitt. He served until July, 1865, when he was mustered out at Springfield, 111., and returned to Jersey county. In 1866, he was mar- ried to Hannah M. Snider, who was born April 15, 1840. They have had eight children — James H., born Nov. 11, 1866; Elnora M., born April 26, 1869; Ulysses L., born Feb. 18, 1871; Hetty J.', born Nov. 13, 1877; Min- nie L., born Sept. 20, 1882; Lelie B. and Lula D., twins, born Aug. 22, 1873; Lelie B., died Sept. 21, 1877, and Lulu D., Oct. 15, 1873; Arvilla E., born May 2, 1875, and died Nov. 21, 1882. Mr. Piggott owns 114 acres of valuable land located on sections 5, 6, 9 and 11, Elsah township, and has comfortable improve- ments. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and of the G. A. R. post, No. 206, of Elsah. He is a republican poli- tically. Jacob Kesler, a leading farmer of Elsah township, was born in Cincin- nati, Ohio, Sept. 10, 1841. He resided with his parents until 18 years of age. In 1860, he went to St. Charles county, Mo., where he remained for a time, then went to St. Joseph, thence to Kan- sas City, after which he returned to Cin- cinnati, where he continued till 1870. During this period he spent three years in the army, enlisting in Co. K, of the 33d Reg. of Mo. Vol. He was mus- tered out at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, in 1865. Jan. 18, 1872, he was married at St. Charles, Mo., to Rebecca Hansel, a daughter of Richard and Lydia (Plumber) Hansel. She was born April 13, 1849. Four children have been born to them — Mark H., born April 3, 1873," and died July 28, 1874; George W., born June 11, 1875, and died March 13, 1877; Clifford, born May 2, 1878, and one who died at a very early age. Mr. Kesler owns a fine farm, compris- ing 120 acres. He has a commodious and substantial brick residence, a frame barn and other farm buildings, all in good repair, and is an enterprising and successful farmer. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the K. of P. Mr. and Mrs. Kesler are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church. William Roades, a farmer of Elsah township, was born in Virginia, Sept. 17, 1811, and is a son of Henry and Mary (James) Roades. He resided with his parents until 22 years old, when he went to Kentucky, where he was married to Sarah E. Rolston, who died in 1843. By this union there were three children, two of whom died in infancy; one daughter, Elizabeth F., born in 1835, wife of C. D. Howard; she died Sept. 23, 1885. Mr. Roades was married to Elizabeth Swan, April 20, 1844, by whom he had six children, three of whom are now living — Martha J., born in 1845, now the wife of James N. Fran- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 261 cis; William H., born in 1846, now married to Hannah A. Bougher, and Ann E., born in 1849, now the wife of George \V. Smith; George L., born Aug. 30, 1854, died Sept. 7, 185,5; Lucy V .; born July 24, 1856, died Nov. 27, 1880, and Alice, born Oct. 11, 1858, died in 1865. Mrs. Roades died in Jan., 1876, and Mr. Roades was married the third time to Nettie B. Anderson. He had by this marriage, three children — Charles C, born April 20, 1879; Alfred R., born March 5, 1881, and Rebba R..born Feb. 19, 1883, and died July 22, 1884.— Mr. Roades has a finely improved farm, comprising 180 acres. His residence is of brick, and is commodious and sub- stantial. This place is located on sec- tions 7 and 8, of Elsah township, is pleasantly situated and highly desirable. Mr. and Mrs. Roades are members of the M. E. church. He is a supporter of the prohibition party. John Bradford Crawford, a farmer in Elsah township, was born in Sumner county, Tenn., on the 3d of June, in the year of 1835. When he was three years old he went with his parents to Dallas county, Mo., where they lived till 1848, when they went to Farmington, St. Francis county, Mo. In 1851 he and his father went to California, and after staying six months there, he came back to the state of Tennessee, where' he stayed with his grandmother Crawford about six months. He then went back tn Farmington, Mo., for a short time, and from there he went to Crawford county, in the same state. In Oct. of 1853, he moved from there to Jersey county, 111., locating in Elsah township. He was married to LucindaM. Anderson, at Grafton, 111., on the 11th of May, 1854, by 'Squire John Slaten. She was the daughter of John and Lucinda (Black) Anderson. They have had 12 children, seven of whom are living. These are John L., Syrintha A., Eliza J., Leonora, William W., Elizabeth and Charles H. Jacob Rister resides upon section 10, Elsah township, where he owns a farm comprising 80 acres of the southwest quarter. He has 50 acres in cultivation, a good frame house and other comfort- able improvements. Mr. Rister was born in Germany, April 13, 1826. In 1859, he emigrated to America, and landed at New Orleans, La., where he remained two months, then went to St. Louis, and thence to Morgan county, 111. From there he returned to St. Louis, remaining in that city three years, engaged in various occupations. He removed from St. Louis to Jersey county, which has since been his home. He was married during the year 1853, to Christine Vernon, who was born Jan. 5, 1827, and is a daughter of Dan- iel and Frederica Vernon. Mr. and Mrs. Bister have had seven children, among whom are William, born Nov. 8, 1856; Thomas, born May 12, 1861; Christina, born April 19, 1863; Mary, born Feb. 11, 1865; and Henry, born Dec. 11, 1867. Mr. Rister was in the army a few months, during the year 1S65, enlisting in Co. B, of the 154th 111. Inft. He was mustered out of the service at Camp Butler, Springfield, 111. He is now a member of the G. A. R. post, No. 206, of Elsah. EHUCATIONAL. Among the early schools of the town- ship was one taught by Hannah Piggott 262 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. about the year 1S45, in a log cabin on section 16. She is at present a resident of the village of Elsah, and the widow of Joseph Lane. School district No. 1 has a school house located near the center of section 2. It is a frame building, 20x40 feet in size, and was erected at a cost of about $700. John Busliy taught the first term of school in this building. The first board of directors were : Joseph Chap- pel, George Spangle, and Augustus Bingham. The present directors of the district are: Barnard Kelley, J Winger, and Alexander Chappee. Abel Stanhope teaches the school at present. Abel H. Stanhope, son of Abraham and Caroline (Smith) Stanhope, was born in Mercer county, N. J., May 17, 1846. Abraham Stanhope was a native of the same state, born April 22, 1810, and died near Godfrey. 111., in 1879. His wife, Caroline, was born in Devon- shire, Eng., Aug. 9, 1816, and died Jan. 25, 1877. The subject of this sketch resided with his parents until 21 years of age, assisting his father upon the farm which was their home. On leaving home he hired out as a farm hand. In the year 1868 he was em- ployed by C. C. Cumings, of Delhi, 111., and in the fall of that year, on the day of Gen. Grant's first election to the presidency, went to Godfrey, Madison county, which was then the residence of his parents, to cast his first vote for a president. On his return from that place to Delhi, he was accidentally thrown from the cars and his left arm was so badly crushed that amputation became necessary in order to save his life. He was taken, at the time of the accident, to the residence of M. V. Hamilton, of Delhi, where he remained eight weeks. He then went to his home in Godfrey and as soon as his health would permit commenced fitting him- self for the profession of teaching, which he now follows. He was then barely able to read and write, and en- tered the grammar department of the model school, connected with the Nor- mal University at Normal, 111. He remained one year in that department, then entered the Normal, where he was a student two terms. Then, on account of a severe attack of lung fever, he was compelled to abandon his studies for a time. After recovering his health, he engaged in teaching school near Brighton, in Jersey county, where he continued one year, then returned to the Normal University and remained two years, since which he has followed teaching in Jersey and adjoining coun- ties. Mr. Stanhope is thoroughly qual- ified, both by nature and education, for his responsible work, and as a teacher is popular and successful. The Locke school house, in district No. 4, was built in 1872, at a cost of $S00. It is situated on the southwest quarter of section 11, and is 18x36 feet in size. The building in district No. 5, also known as White Oak, was erected in 1877 at a cost of $500, which also in- cluded the lot of three-quarters of an acre upon which the building stands, the latter being 22x26 feet in size. The first term of school was taught by Al- bert Barwise, and the first board of directors were George Spangle, Chris- tian Besterfeldt and George Piggott. Richard Keiley teaches the school at present and the present directors are HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 263 William Knapp, R. M. Smith and George Piggott. The school house located on the southeast quarter of the southeast quar- ter of section 13, and known as Pleasant Grove, was huilt in 1875. It is 20x28 feet in size and was completed at a cost of $900. The first teacher was Walter Maxie. The first hoard of directors of the district were T. F. Slaten, Jasper Terry and A. F. Swan. Those serving as present directors are B. F. Slaten, Jasper Terry and George Spangle. Lizzie Leak is the present teacher The school has an average attendance of about 28. FIRST ITEMS. The first white child born in what is now Elsah township, was Thomas Edward Carroll, son of Edward and Mary (Wright) Carroll. This was also the second birth in the county, he being born on the 2d day of Feb., 1820. He is now living in Macoupin county. The first death was that of Thomas Carroll. He came up from St. Louis to stop with his brother, Edward. He had been there but a little over a month when his death occurred, in July or August, 1819. His body was taken down to St. Louis in a skiff, and there in- terred. William Bates planted the first corn, in 1817, and also built the first house. The first marriage was that of Josiab T. Askew and Miss Hannah Bates, in 1821. Joseph Bassey was the first justice of the peace, who was elected or appointed in 1822. ELSAH. The land on which is situated the town of Elsah, or Jersey Landing, was originally entered by James Mason, and occupies the northwest quarter of sec- tion 20. It afterwards came into the possession of William H. Allen, of Grafton, who disposed of it to James Semple, formerly United States senator and minister to Bogota. Mr. Semple subsequently laid out the town of Jersey Landing, which was surveyed March 7, 1853. He opened a road up Askew Hollow, so called from Josiab T. Askew, who had an extensive sugar camp in the hollow, about half a mile distant from the river. Shortly after the lay- ing out of the town, a landing was es- tablished and called Jersey Landing. On the establishment of the postoffice, it was called Elsah, which name it still retains, though the town has popularly been known as Jersey Landing. The town of Elsah is built mostly in a hollow and extends back in the neigh- borhood of a mile from the Mississippi river. The houses are mostly substan- tially built of brick or stone, and are of a better class than is usual in towns of its size. A magnificent view is offered from the bluffs adjoining, which are about MOO feet in height at this point. Just below the town is Notch Cliff, the palatial residence of Mrs. Ames, a daughter of the late Hon. James Sem- ple, from which a most charming and extensive prospect of romantic scenery cin bo obtained. Before the construc- tion of railroads, a large business was done at Elsah in the shipment of grain. It is said that for a period extending from 1853 to 1856, it was one of the largest shipping points for grain along the Mississippi. Messrs. Onetto & Brock acted as shippers. During the grain season, in the years noted above, 264 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the firm never received less than 500 bushels per day, principally corn, and from this amount ranged up to 3,000 bushels. The large trade in grain made the business of selling goods brisk dur- that period, and it was no uncommon circumstance for the sales of Brock & Onetto to amount to $500 per day, a heavy business in those times. BUSINESS INTERESTS. J. M. Giberson engaged in the gen- eral merchandise business, in 1870, at which time he erected the present store room, which is 40x70 feet in size. The building is two stories high, the second story being occupied as a hotel by I. N. Piggott, which contains 14 sleeping apartments. James M. Giberson, one of the lead- ing merchants of Elsah, is a son of Jacob C. and Mary (Burleigh) Giberson, and one of a family of seven children, six of whom are now living. James M. Giberson was born seven miles south of Jerseyville, 111., Jan. 30, 1848, and re- sided with his parents in that vicinity until 1865. At that time he left home to attend Bryant & Stratton's Commer- cial College, from which institution he graduated Dec. 19 of the same year. The following summer he engaged as bookkeeper for E. Briggs, at East New- bern, near his old home. He continued in Mr. Briggs' employ four months, then engaged in farming in Macoupin county. In July he disposed of his crop and went to trading in horses and land, working occasionally at carpentering. In July, 1868, he engaged in threshing in Macou- pin county. The following winter he attended school in St. Louis, and in the spring of 1869 went to Audrain county, Mo., where he followed farming one season, returning in the fall to Jersey county and again engaged in threshing. Soon after he sold his outfit and em- barked in mercantile trade, in company with W. W. Gilham, at East Newbern. In March, 1870, he moved his stock of goods to Louisiana, Mo., where the fol- lowing May he closed out his goods and engaged in farming in Audrain county. He returned to Jersey county in July, 1871, having disposed of his interests in Missouri, and purchased a portion of the old homestead on Round Prairie, where he resided till March, 1873. At that date he moved to Elsah and engaged in merchandising. In Dec, 1874, he shipped his stock of goods to Aberdeen, Miss., and spent 1875 and a part of 1876 in that state. He engaged while there in farming, milling, ginning cotton, mer- chandising and trading. November 8, 1876, he returned to Elsah, Jersey Co., and, in partnership with his brother, E. C. Giberson, engaged in mercantile trade. In the spring of 1877 another brother, J. J. Giberson, was admitted into the firm. In August, 1878, James M. Giberson purchased his partners' in- terests and has since that time carried on business alone. He has an extensive trade and is highly prosperous. He is the owner of the store building which he occupies, four dwelling houses, a stock farm located one-half mile from Elsah, and real estate in Kansas. Sept. 4, 1870, Mr. Giberson was married to Irene Collins, a native of Keokuk, Iowa. They have two children — Herbert G. and James A., the former born at East Newbern, April 29, 1872, and the latter at Elsah, March 3, 1882. Mr. Giberson is a member of the I. O. O. F. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 265 The general merchandise store of A.H. Stephany was established by his father, M. Stephany, deceased, in 1870, who purchased the building of Richard Fuller, at that time. Mr. Stephany car- ries a complete stock of general mer- chandise and groceries, and is doing a good business. A. H. Stephany is a son of Martin Stephany, a native of Germany, who was born June 24, 1824. Martin was the third of a family of five children, and in his youth learned the tailor's trade. He then went to Switzerland, where he remained until 1849. In that year he immigrated to America, and proceeded immediately to the city of St. Louis, where he arrived May 11th of that year. On the 28th day of the same month he was married to Elizabeth Steinman, a native of Switzerland. Five children were born to them, three of whom are now living. They continued to reside in St. Louis until October, 1855, at which time they removed to Elsah, then known as Jersey Landing- Here, in 18(50, he engaged in mercantile business, which he carried on success- fully until the time of his death, July 12, 1879. The subject of this sketch, A. H. Stephany, was born in St. Louis, Oct. 23, 1852. He came with his par- ents to Elsah, where he has since re- sided, being here reared to a mercantile life. He is unmarried, and now resides with his widowed mother. He is suc- cessful in business, and a prominent and honored citizen. He is a member . of the Masonic lodge of Grafton, the I. O. 0. F., and the K. of P., of Elsah. He has held the office of village clerk four years and collector two years, and is a consistent Lutheran. The building now occupied by B. L. Mott as a drug and variety store, was purchased by him in 18(52, of James Semple. It is a one story stone affair, 20x30 feet in size, with basement, ami was erected in 1856 by James G. Swan. Mrs. C. Haas is engaged in the sale of groceries and provisions, in a build- ing which she rents of her daughter Effie. She commenced business in 1862. The grocery and provision business is also represented at Elsah by L. H. Vanderslice. J. 0. Richie is the proprietor of the only meat market in the place at present. John G. Brown operates a wagon and blacksmith shop combined, which he rebuilt in 1884. It was formerly owned and used by D. T. Tonkinson as a blacksmith shop. The business is valued at present at S600. John G. Brown, blacksmith, of Elsah, is the seventh of a" family of nine children. At the age of 17 years he left home and went to work for himself at blacksmithing, having previously served an apprenticeship of three years with Theodore Burnett, in Girard, Ma- coupin county, 111. He first opened a shop in Raymond, Montgomery county, 111 , where he continued one year; then went to Ohio and worked one year in a shoeing shop at Middletown; thence to Dayton, O.; and, about one year later, to Missouri, where he was employed for six months in building trestle work on a railroad. He then went to Louisi- ana, in the same state, and there fol- lowed horse shoeing a few months, after which he returned to Illinois, and worked at his trade in Greene Co., 266 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. where he carried on a general repairing establishment. During his residence there he was married to Vina Pennell, Nov. 20, 1877. He removed to Elsah, Jersey county. He is a skilled work- man at his trade. In addition to black- smithing he runs a general repairing establishment for wagons, buggies, &c. He is also an experienced veterinary surgeon, and practices that profession in connection with his other business. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had three children born to them — Nellie, Emma and Amanda. There are two cooper-shops in the village of Elsah, owned and operated respectively by X. Schneider and Louis Keller. Michael Huss is engaged in making boots and shoes, and also the repairing of the same. He also keeps a stock for retail purposes. McNair Bros, established their pres- ent business in the spring of 1884. They have a machine shop for repairing of all kinds, and have also a feed mill in connection. The machinery is operated by a ten-horse power engine. Their building is 22x30 feet in size, with a wing 16x32. J. B. Reintges, wheelright, erected his present building, and commenced busi- ness in 1878. He does all kinds of woodwork, carriage and wagon making and repairing, and is also engaged in the sale of farm machinery. His busi- ness structure is 20x34 feet in ground area, and is three stories in height. John B. Reintges, the first white child born in the village of Elsah, is the son of Peter Reintges, who came to Elsah township in 1852. Peter Reintges was born in Dollendorf, Germany, Jan. 13, 1813. He was a stone mason by trade. In 1852 he immigrated to America, and went first to Wisconsin, where he re- mained a short time, then to Elsah, as before stated. He died here in 1863. His widow, Mrs. Eva M. Reintges, was married, in 1864, to Christian A. Loehr, a prominent citizen of Elsah. Mr. and Mrs. Peter Reintges had six chil- dren born to them, three of whom are now living — John B., Louisa A. E. and Jacob. Theresa wife of D.J. Murphy, is^deceasecL and two died in infancy. John B. Reintges, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native township, and in his youth learned the trade of wheelwright, which he still follows. He was married Nov. 19, 1878, to Annie O'Hare. They have two children, Lizzeta and Eva. Mr. Reintges is a public-spirited citizen. He has held the office of constable four years, has been school director three years, and is at present serving as as- sessor of Elsah township. He is a member of the Catholic church. He was, in honor of having been the first first white child born in Elsah, pre- sented by Hon. James Semple with a lot 50x75 feet in dimensions, located in the village of Elsah. Christian A. Loehr, mentioned above, was born in Hanover, Germany, April 14, 1832, and came to Jersey county in 1857. He was first married to Christine Schrier, in September, 1861. She died in January, 1864. Three chil- dren were born to them, one of whom is now living— Lizzeta. Mr. Loehr has been engaged in mercantile trade, but is now retired. He has been a member of the village board three terms, and is at the present time school director. He HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 267 is a member of the Lutheran church and his wife of the Catholic church. The tonsorial business is represented by Louis Bapst, who is located here, and established his shop, in 1885. There are two saloons in the village, operated respectively by Cosmos Keller and William H. McDowell. The first building on the present site of the Riverside hotel*, was a log cahin built by Addison Greene, «n 1847. It was afterward remodeled and a frame addition erected, and about the year 1853 purchased by Brock and Onetto. In 1866, Cosmos Keller, Sr., purchased the building, adding a frame structure, two stories high. At the time of his death, April 9, 1880, the property passed into the hands of his children, Cosmos and Emma, who still operate it as a hotel. Cosmos Keller, proprietor of a hotel and saloon at Elsah, was born near Elsah, Jersey county, 111., Sept. 27, 1859. He is a son of Cosmos,, Sr., and Dorothea Keller. Cosmos Keller, Sr.. was born March 11, 1832, in Alsace, then a province of France, and resided in his native country until 1856, when he came to America, and located, in March, 1857, at Elsah, Jersey county, 111. In 1856 he was married to Dorothea Behrens, who died Jan. 12, 1877. In July of the same year, he was married to Mrs. Bertha Feurherd. He has had three children, two of whom are living — Cosmos and Emma, the latter, born in 1863. The family are believers in the Roman Catholic religion. Cosmos, Jr., is at present, township collector, which office he has held for five succes- sive years. He has also held the office of village clerk, one term. He is a mem- ber of the I. 0. O. F. lodge, No. 269, of Elsah, in which he holds the office of P. G. He belongs, also, to the K. P. lodge, No. 106, of Elsah. In the latter organization he has served three terms as secretary. A hotel is also run by Isaac N. Pig- gott, which is first-class in all its ap- pointments. Neatness and cleanliness are the mottoes of the house, and a fair patronage is the result. The building is a large, two story frame structure, with a store in the first floor. STILL HOUSE AND CRIST MILL. In the spring of 1856, Knapp, Good- rich & Co., of Jerseyville, built a large stone building, 40x200 feet in ground area and three and a half stories high, which they operated as a distillery and a flouring mill. It was equipped with the necessary machinery and had five run of buhrs, the distilling department having a capacity of 1,200 bushels per day. The mill and distillery was in operation until May 5, 1870, when the institution was destroyed by fire. The walls are still standing and at present are the property of the W., St. L. & P. railroad company. It was erected at a cost of $65,000, and from the date of its completion the town began to improve and expand. ELSAH FISHERY. One of the leading industries of the town of Elsah, and, indeed, of this whole section of the country, is the fishery of Isaac Houpt. This gentle- man commenced the business as early as 1866, in a comparatively small way, 268 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN f Y. and has, by attention to it, developed it to an extraordinary dimension. He has some sixty or seventy nets, and two large seines and five fishing boats, which he uses in the business, and finds employment for quite a number of hands. All kinds of edible fish, among which are white, black and calico bass, pike, pickerel, catfish, perch, buffalo and red-horse, are gathered from the bosom of the mighty "father of waters" and prepared for the market. Tons of the finny tribe are gathered in and for- warded to St. Louis and other points, and disposed of to the benefit and profit of the enterprising proprietor of this industry, who is the largest and most successful fishery operator in this county, or, in fact, in all this region. He is able, honest and industrious, and deserves the good fortune brought about by his ability and enterprise. SPRINGS. Two fine springs of living water are among the attractions of Elsah. One of them is known as Fountain Square spring. They were noticed at the time of the first settlement of the town, and since then have never, at any time, ceased to flow. Quite a respectable sized stream of water flows from each one, and the water is used by the people of their vicinity in preference to well water. .OTHER PROMINENT CITIZENS. James E. Starr was born in New York, Sept, 21, 1813. When about 16 years of age he was taken by a maternal uncle to Georgia, as an assistant in a store. He remained with him until Sept., 1833, when, learning of the death of his father, at Alton, 111., he returned home, reach- ing Alton in November of that year. Here he pursued his avocation as clerk and merchant for several years. In 1843 and 1814 he was employed as clerk on the river in the Alton and St. Louis trade, leaving it to take the position of United States deputy marshal. In 1845 he took command of a steamer, and finally quit the river in 1847. In Oct., 1846, he was married to Sabra B. Ellis, at Burlington, Iowa. On the opening of the Alton and Sangamon railroad (now Chicago and Alton) he was appointed general ticket agent of the road, which position he held for several years. On the breaking out of the war he was residing in Alton with his family, but in the spring of 1862 he moved to Jersey county, where he has since resided. The farm is located on Sees. 21 and 22, T. 6 n., R. 11 w., and has been largely devoted to horticulture. Mr. Starr was one of the founders of the State Horticultural Society, of which he was at one time president. He was one of the first admitted to membersbip in the I. 0. 0. F., Aug. 11, 1836, and has filled the positions of treasurer, secre- tary, grand master, and grand represent- ative. Rev. Luther E. Cole, of Elsah, was born in Halliston, Massachusetts, Oct. 9, 1847. In 1855 lie came to the state of Illinois, where he grew to manhood, fitting himself for a ministerial career. He was licensed to preach May 19, 1881, by the Alton District Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which met at Brighton, 111., Aug. 31, of the same year, he joined the Southern Illinois Conference, held at Greenville, Bond county, Bishop J. F. Hurst officiating, and was appointed to the Elsah circuit. He was ordained and HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 2G9 ordered deacon by Bishop Thomas Bow- man, of Belleville, 111., Sept. 24, 1883. At the session of conference held at Fairfield, 111., Sept. 24, 1884, he was returned to the Elsah circuit. At that session the circuits of Elsah, Grafton, and all of the territory in Jersey ci unity lying south of a line from Delhi to Fulton, were united, forming one circuit, of which he was appointed pas- tor in charge, and which field he at present occupies. Rev. Luther Cole is a man of much zeal and ability and is an earnest and faithful worker in the cause of the Master. ■ R. C. Chidister, son of William and Amanda I Willbanks) Chidister, was born in Elsah township, Jersey count}-, June 29, 1858. William Chidister was born in Licking county, 0., Oct. 14, 1818, and died in this county, Feb. 14, 1881. Amanda Chidister was born in Ken- tucky, in Aug., 1843, and died here, Feb. 12, 1883. Both are buried in the Salem cemetery. The subject of this sketch is the second of a family of six children, and resided with his parents until 24 years of age. He then engaged in farming for himself in Elsah town- ship, where he still lives. He is a republican in politics. Abraham Worthey, retired farmer, was born in Franklin county, Ga., Nov. 11, 1818. When about three years of age he left that state, removing with his par- ents to Smith county, Tenn., where he remained till he was 19 years old. Oct. 20, 1839, he was united in marriage with Sarah Craig, daughter of James and Susanna (Burchett) Craig. Mr. and Mrs. Worthey have had 17 children born to them — Mary Ann, wife of Charles Harland, of Mississippi township; Wil- liam H., living in Alton, 111; John W ., married to Lucy Finch, living in Mis- souri; Sarah, widow of John Connor; Susanna, wife of Aaron Reed, of Elsah township ; Martha, wife of George Miers, of Macoupin county, 111.; Eliza- beth, wife of John Reed, also of Macou- pin county; Addie, who resides with her sister, Mrs. Miers; Abraham, Jr., living on section 6, Elsah township, married to Mary Dougherty; Julia, wife of William Johnson; Eva, wife of Wesley Johnson, of Elsah township; James M., Eliza Ann, Thomas B., and Jasper N. are deceased, and three died in infancy. Mr. Worthey owns a valuable farm of 120 acres, located on section 6, Elsah township, which is well improved, also residence property in the village of Elsah, where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. Worthey are members of the Pres- byterian church. He belongs to the Grafton lodge of the Masonic fraternity, and to the I. 0. 0. F, lodge, No. 369, of Elsah. Isaac Newton Piggott, was born in "Piggott's Fort," in Monroe county, 111., in Nov., 1793. His .father, Capt. James Piggott, was a native of the state of Connecticut, and in early life was a sea-faring man. He is reputed to have been one of the party who blew up a British gunboat just preceding the Revolution. The British Crown offered 500 guineas reward for each of the parties concerned, but failed to capture them. He next appears with acommisssion, as captain of a Pennsylvania company of troops, early in the war. He was at Valley Forge, during that memorable winter, when Gen. George Rogers Clarke was fitting out his western expe- dition to subdue the great Northwestern territory. Capt. Piggott tendered his resignation in the Continental army, giving as reasons therefor, "that his family had then (1778) already gone west, to Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburgh, Penn.; that he wished to join Clark's expedition, and go to the Northwest territory." In accepting his resignation, Gen. Washington received the same for the reasons therein stated. Capt. Pig- gott came west with Clark's expedition and shared in the perils and privations incident thereto. He remained for some years at Kaskaskia, where his family soon joined him. He next built a fort or block-house, in the American Bottom, in Monroe county, which was known as Piggott's Fort, as a protection for the early settlers against the hostile Indians. He established the first ferry at 8t. Louis, which is now known as the Wiggins ferry. He moved to what is now a part of East St. Louis, 111., at his ferry, where he died in Dec, 1799. At the time of his decease, he was presiding judge of the court of St. Clair county, 111., then held at Cahokia, then the county seat of that county. Isaac N. Pig- gott was left an orphan, at seven years of age. In 1803, his mother re-married and moved across the river, to the terri- tory of Upper Louisiana, and settled in St. Louis county, where Isaac N. was principally brought up, on a farm. His opportunity for education was very limited. We find him in the war of 1812, for which service, his widow drew a pension until her decease, in 1881. In 1821, we find him a Methodist minister, stationed at the First M. E. church, in St. Louis. At the western conference of the M. E. church, held in Oct., 1822, at St. Louis, he was sent to the Missis- sippi circuit, comprising Pike, Adams, Schuyler, Brown, Scott, Greene, and part of Morgan counties, 111. In Dec. 1822, he moved with his family to Greene county, and settled near Wood- ville, northwest of Kane, from whence he went around a four week's circuit on horseback, going northwest as far as Quincy. The settlements at that early day were sparse and far between, no bridges, very dim roads, but early set- tlers were proverbial for their hospital- ity to all, and especially to the early itinerant preacher. He virtually estab- lished Methodism in this district, being the first itinerant minister regularly sent to this part of the state. He was ordained a deacon by Bishop McKendree, at the St. Louis conference, and was afterwards ordained by Bishop R. R. Roberts, at Padfield, in St. Clair county, 111., in 1824, as evidenced by the parchments signed by the bishop, and now in the hands of one of his daughters, Mary J. Brock, of Jerseyville, 111. About the year 1825, from failing health, Isaac N. Piggott located from the itinerancy, and sought other occupation. He remained a member of the M. E. church until his decease, in 1874. He was the first post- master in the limits of Jersey county, the office being at Eminence. He after- wards had the postoffice removed to Newbern, where he was again post- master. He removed from Jersey county to St. Louis, Mo., in 1859, where he died Feb. 11, 1874, in his 81st year. He was a fine conversationalist, a fluent speaker, a versatile writer; and a man well posted on almost any subject. He could apparently turn his attention equally well to theology, medicine, or the law, being proficient in each. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 271 Hiram T. Keyser was born in the state of Kentucky, on the 24th of De- cember, in the year of 1826. He lived with his parents until he was 20 years old. In 1852 he came to Illinois, stop- ping at Alton, where he staid four years, working at his trade, which is that of brick and stone mason and plasterer. In the year 1856 he came to Elsah, and has lived there or in that vicinity up to the present time. On the 5th day of September, in the year 1855, he was married to Mary Ann Myers, daughter of Samuel Myers. They have had five children, namely — John H., Charles H., Mary Elizabeth, Victor and Harry. Mr. Keyser has served as trustee of the village of Elsah for four years. He still continues at his trade which he has been working at nearly 40 years. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a democrat. William G. Onetto, blacksmith and engineer, came to Jersey county in 1836, and for a time followed various occupa- tions to gain a livelihood. In 1853 he moved to the village of Elsah, where he now resides, and which then contained but three houses. He was born April 8, 1825, and married in 1843, to Mary Ann Massey, daughter of William and Magdeline (Metz) Massey. She was born in St. Louis and died in 1870. They had two children — Elizabeth and Anthony, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Onetto was again married to Mrs. Sinclair, widow of William Sinclair. He is a member of Masonic fraternity, the I. O. 0. F., and the Knights of Pythias. He is a democrat politically, and with his wife, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Elsah. Mr. Onetto is one of the earliest settlers t of the village of Elsah, and a highly esteemed citizen. Leander C. Carrico, a cooper in Elsah, was born on the 10th day of October, in the year 1848, near Kane, Greene county, 111. He lived with his parents until he was nearly 16 years old, when he enlisted in Co. D, 1st Reg., Missouri cavalry volunteers. He went into ser- vice on the 22d of July, 1864, and was mustered out at Benton Barracks, Mq., on the 18th of September, 1865. He participated in the following battles or skirmishes: At Mount Elba, Ark., and at Mt. Elba Ferry and Princeton, and the second assault at Pine Bluff and Brownsville. On the 3d day of Feb., in the year 1869, he was married to Annie Reynolds. One child was born to them — Ledora C, born on the 9th of Dec, 1869. She is living with her grandparents at Shipman, 111. On the 1st of Aug., 1878, Mr. Carrico was mar- ried again to Mrs. Mary M. Davis, widow of Hasten Davis. They have had two children — Mary E., born June 20, 1880; died Aug. 14, 1880; and Horace G., born Dec. 26, 1881. Mr. Carrico has been in 17 different states and ter- ritories, seeing a great deal of the coun- try. He belongs to the Baptist church, is a member of Rutherford Post, No. 206, G. A. R., of which he is now com- mander, and has been officer of the day two terms previous to this. His parents were both natives of Illinois, but were of French and English descent. Her parents were of French descent. His father, Thomas C. Carrico, was born Dec. 21, 1825, in Greene county, 111. He enlisted at Virdenin Co. G, 122d 111. Inft., on the 13th of Aug., 1862. He died in the hospital at Corinth, Miss., on the 14th of March, 1863, and was brought home to Virden, where he was buried. His mother is still living, and is now the wife of Daniel Bettis, and resides in this county. POSTOFFICE. The postoffice at Elsah was established in 1852, and James Semple commis- sioned postmaster. The present incum- bent is James Francis. Prior to this time, however, and about the year 1830 a postoffice was established at a place called Eminence, two miles below Elsah. Newton Piggott was the postmaster. MUNICIPAL. Elsah was organized and incorporated as a village in 1872. The following were the first officers : William P. War- ren, president; W. A. McNair, clerk; J. R. Whipple, Christ. Loehr, Isaac Newton Piggott, and Thomas Hansel, trustees. The present officers are the fol- lowing named gentlemen: George F. Lane, president; W. B. Starr, clerk; T. F. Hansel, treasurer; James Fuller, street commissioner; William Tonkin- son, constable; W . P. Warren, X. Schneider, J. G. Brown, R. B. Leak, and E. M. Pinney, trustees. ELSAH PUBLIC SCHOOL. The present school building was erected in the year 1857 by the late Gen. James Semple, who was a great friend of education. The building is a large stone structure, two stories high, and is 24x36 feet. The cost at that time was $2,833. After the district was formed the building was purchased from Gen. Semple by the board of directors. The present teachers are Miss Minnie E. Lane, principal, and Miss Rosa V. Stroud, in the lower department. The school is considered to be in a flourish- ing condition, and with the present board of education will so continue. CORNET BAND. Notch Cliff cornet band was organized in 1879 with the following members: Jacob Spatz, Eb clarionet; Jacob C. Reintges, solo cornet; Edward Reed, Bb; J. B. Reintges, first alto; J. Dean, second alto; William Besterfeldt, bari- tone; Edward Besterfeldt, Eb tuba; H. Howard, bass drum; Cosmos Keller, snare drum. The first president of the organization was William Besterfeldt. TOWN HALL. A town hall for public meetings of all kinds was erected in 1884, and is now owned by Dr. B. F. Farley. It is a one-story frame structure, 30x50 feet in dimensions, and was completed at a cost of about $1,000. ELSAH ROLLER MILLS. This flouring institution was con- structed in 1878 by McAdams and Bley- ler and is 40x80 feet in ground area, three stories and a half high, with an engine room 30x35 feet in size. The machinery and fixtures were removed from Newbern, the engine being 50- horse power. The above named firm run the mill about one year, when it was purchased by Enos J. Doron, in Feb., 1879, who still owns and operates the same successfully. When the mill was first erected it was a buhr affair, but in the fall of 1882 it was remodeled by Mr. Doron to the roller system. The HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 273 mill has a capacity of 200 barrels of flour per day, and is so situated that its shipping advantages are unsurpassed either by rail or water. It is in good repair, and is valued at $30,000. The mill proper was originally erected for an elevator and ware house in 1861, by a man named Pegram, of St. Louis, who was among the principal grain deal- ers of that city, at that time, and was provided with all the requirements of a first-class ware house. Kiios T. Doron. the proprietor of the Elsah Roller Mills, Jersey county. 111., was bom near the city of Philadelphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, Sept. 17, 1830. His early life was spent in his native state. In 1S48 he engaged as clerk in a wholesale hosiery establish- ment in Philadelphia, and in 1S5S, be- came a partner in the same firm. He continued there in business until Jan. 1. 1871, when be retired from mercan- tile life. In 1879 he came to the village of Elsah and purchased the flouring mill, which in 1882 he remodeled. and added new machinery, increasing its capacity to 200 barrels per day. Mr. Doron was united in mar- riage Feb. 8, 1859, with Huldah H. Bedell, of Rochester, X. Y. They had two children — Charlie B., bom May 28, 1860, and John B., bom June •".(», 1NG4. The latter died April 23, 1866. Mrs. Doron died in Germantown, Penn., May 20, 1*7-".. Mr. Doron is a republi- can in politics, and an upright ami worthy citizen, as well as an enterpris- ing business man. SOCIETIES. Elsah Lodge No. 269, I. O. O. F., was instituted in 1859. Among the charter members were John H. Onetto, Addison Greene and Jacob Lurton. The lodge has had a prosperous existence, and is well fixed financially. Thev own the building in which their hall is situated, and rent a portion to the K. of P. and (i. A. R. societies. The mem- bership is about 40. Being the first lodge in the south end of the county, it has been a mother lodge, three other lodges having drawn membership from her. Black Cross Lodge, Xo. 106, K. of P., was instituted June 13, 1882, with 17 charter members. The following were the first officers of the lodge : Thomas F. Hansel, P. C; William H. Bleyler, C. C.j William G. Onetto, V. C; Jacob Kesler, P.; X. Schneider, M. of E.; Nathaniel Greene, M. of F.; Fred. W. White, M. at A.; Tony A. Brock, K. of R. and S.; John X. Warren, I. G.; Jacob C. Reintges, O. G. Those serving the lodge at present in an official position arc Nathaniel Greene, P. C; Charles B. Doron, C.C.; Edward M. Pinney, V. <'.; X. Schneider, P.; C. Loehr, M. of E.; A. H. Stephany, M. of F.; John X. Warren, M. at A,: Fred. W. White, K. of R. and S.; Cosmos Keller, I. G.; William G. Onetto, O. G. The present membership numbers 22. The lodge, though small in number, has been active and interesting since its institution to all connected with it. Rutherford Post, Xo. 206, G. A. R., was organized April 11, 1883, by John G. Mack. The first officers of the post were as follows: E. M. Pinney, C; B. F. Slaten, S. V. C; Lewis Keller, J. V. C; William H. McDow, Q. M.; William Marshaw, Chap.; L. C. Carrieo, O. D.; X. Hartley, O. G.; J. K. Francis, Adjt.; -**■— 274 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. Adam Lightner, Q. S.; Myron Hansell, Surg. The membership at present num- bers 62. The post rents the hall of the I. 0. O. F. fraternity in which to hold their meetings. The present officers of the society are L. C. Carrico, C; J. A. Chappee, S. V. C; Lewis Keller, J. V. C.j E. M. Pinney, Q. M.j W. D. Col- lins, 0. D.; J. A. Dabbs, 0. G.j Perry Spangle, Chap.; P. W. Dougherty, Adjt.j I. M. Free, Surg.; T. A. Palmer, Q. S. The charter members of the or- ganization were E. M. Pinney, Lewis Keller, A. F. Swan, Adam Lightner, W. D. Collins, Terry Spangle, B. F. Slaten, L. C. Carrico, W. H. McDow, William Burgess, William Deymond, Myron Han- sel, P. W. Dougherty, J. K. Francis, William Marshaw, George Piggott, N. Hartley, William Gillham. ITEM. The first white child born in the vil- lage of Elsah was John B. Reintges. The date of his birth was June 8, 1853. CHAPTER XVIII. OTTER CREEK TOWNSHIP This sub-division of Jersey county is bounded on the north by English, on the east by Mississippi, on the south by Quarry, and on the west by Rosedale. The township is well wooded, the prin- cipal prairie land being found in the eastern part and in the south row of sections. Otter Creek, with its two forks, North and South Otter, run through this township. North Otter comes in from English about the center of the east line of section 12, and South Otter creek comes in from Quarry about the center of the south line of section 36. The two effect a junction on section 8, and thenceforward pass onward as one stream — the main Otter creek, flowing out of the township, and pass- ing into Rosedale, at the line between sections 6 and 7. These streams, with their numerous little tributaries, serve to furnish an abundant supply of water for stock and agricultural purposes, and giving ample drainage facilities. Con- siderable attention is given to stock- raising in this township, a number of the farmers taking an interest in the im- provement of their live stock. The eastern part of the township has the best farm land, and generally the best improved, though there are a number of good places in the west and south parts. The village of Otterville lies on sec- tion 11, and affords a number of busi- ness enterprises for the accommodation of the citizens of the township. There is no railroad running through it, though all parts are within easy access of rail- road points. There is some hilly coun- try in the township, but very little indeed that would resist efforts at culti- vation. EARLY SETTLERS. The first permanent settler within the bounds of what now constitutes the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 275 township of Otter creek was Joseph White, a native of South Carolina, but who came to this county from Kentucky, in 1821 or 1822. His two grand-sons, Daniel P. and John L., are both resi- dents of the townships. Daniel P. White is a son of Joab and Maria (Randall) White, and was born in what is now Jersey county, in 1834. He was here reared, and in 1855 was married to Mary M. Terry, a native of this county, who died in 1872. In 1874 1h- was married to Sarah V. Moss, who was also born in Jersey county. She died in 1876, and in 1882 Mr. White was married to Mrs. Mary J. (Turner) White, widow of Louis White, of Mis- sissippi township. Mr. White has always been a resident of this county, and always followed farming. He is the owner of a valuable and well im- proved farm, comprising 80 acres. He is a republican in politics, and an enter- prising and worthy citizen. John L. White was born in Jersey (then Greene) county, Aug. 2, 1823. His father. Joab White, was born in South Carolina, and his mother, Jane (Lofton) White, in Kentucky. John L. White is the oldest man, with one exception, born, raised and now residing in the territory comprising Greene and Jersey counties. He was reared here, and in 1843 was married to Martha L. Sansom, a native of Ohio. Three sons were born to them — James J., born in 1845, now living in Kansas; Lewis A., who died in 1880, and Charles Henry, now living in Mississippi township. Mrs. White died Feb. 14, 1851. Mr. White was again married, Oct. 4, 1851, to Rosa J. White, a native of Jersey county. By this union, there were four daughters, three of whom are living — Susan, wife of John T. Wagoner, of Otter Creek township; Mary Jane, wife of James P. Acbford, of this township, and Fannie Evelyn, living with her parents. Josephine died in 1857. Thomas White, in 1824, located east of Otterville, w T here he lived for many years. Samuel Lofton, the same year, made a settlement in this township, on sec- tion 14, where he resided for a long time. He came from Madison county to this township, where he subsequently died. James Dabbs settled on section 9, in this township, in the spring of 1826. He was a native of South Carolina, and was married in that state, in 1802. Sev- eral years after that event they emi- grated to Barren county, Ky., where they resided until 1819, when they removed to the vicinity of Wood river, Madison county, 111., from which place they came here, as above stated. Jesse Dabbs, a son, was a resident of the county until 1875, when he died. James Dabbs and his wife, Mary, were worthy members of the pioneer Viand. He died a resident of the county, Dec. 19, 1841, his wife living until Sept. 8, 1852. Samuel Dabbs, a native of South Car- olina, made a settlement on section 8, in this township, about the year 1826. His son, W. W. Dabbs, is a resident of the township still, living near the old homestead. W. W. Dabbs is a son of Samuel and Mary (Linkj Dabbs, who were pioneers of Jersey county. Samuel Dabbs was a native of Kentucky, and his wife of Tennessee. They came to Illinois in 1805, and to what is now Jersey county, 276 HISTORY OP JERSEY COUNTY. in 1826, settling upon Sec 8, Otter Creek township, which was the birth-place of the subject of this sketch. He was born on the 8th day of June, 1836. He ob- tained his education in the common schools of that township, and there grew to manhood. Nov. 5, 1855, he was married to Catherine Worthey, a na- tive of Tennessee. Nine children were born to them — John M., George F., Lindley, Hattie E., Margaret E„ Emma E.. Nellie Jane, Oscar and Mary E. Mr. Dabbs owns a large farm, com- prising 534 acres, and follows farming. He was engaged in a meat market 13 years. Politically Mr. Dabbs is a re- publican, having voted with that party since its organization. He has held the office of school director and is a mem- ber of the A. F. & A. M. Samuel Dabbs died Dec. 12, 1853, and his widow, Mrs. Mary Dabbs, Sept. 12, 1855. Both are buried in the old ceme- tery at Otterville. The first settlement on what is called Otter Creek Prairie was made in 1827 by Josiah White. He also built the first house on the prairie, on the farm now owned by JohnSisson. He died in this township. He was a son of Joseph White, one of the early settlers of Lof- ton's Prairie. Jesse White, deceased, was born in Madison county, 111., in 1807. His father, Joseph White was a native of South Carolina, and his mother Eliza- beth (Self) White, of Georgia. They came to this state in 1805 and settled in Madison county, near Edwardsville, in 1818. They moved to Jersey county and lived there four years, then removed to Greene county, and settled near where the town of Kane now stands. In 1838 they removed to Otter Creek township, where Joseph White built a grist mill on Otter creek, south of the present town of Otterville. He operated the mill and continued to reside here until his death, which occurred in 1840. He had six sons — Joab, who settled in Mississippi township; Josiah, who set- tled in Otter Creek; Jesse, subject of this sketch, who settled two miles west of Kane, in Greene county; Joseph, who also settled near Kane; Stephen, who settled near the same place, and Jehu, who settled in Greene county. Jesse White was married in 1827 to Ta- bitha Carrico, a native of Mason county, Ky. They had six children born to them, two of whom died in infancy. Those who lived to maturity were — Nancy, deceased, wife of J. G. Harper, of Greene county; Lewis, now living in Otterville; Baalam, of Greene county, and Ira, also of Greene county. Mr. White died in 1873 in Otterville. He was a consistent member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church. His wife is a member also. She is now living with her son Lewis, in Otterville. Lewis White, son of Jesse and Ta- bitha White, was born in Greene county, near Kane, in Oct. 1831. He remained in that county, on a farm, until 1873, when he moved to a place two miles east of Carrollton, where he lived five years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Jersey county, locating three miles east of the city of Jersey- ville. He then moved to Missouri. One year later he came back to this county, and settled where he now lives, in Otterville. He is by trade a wagon maker. Mr. White was married in Oct. 1856, to Lucinda A. Cook, a native HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 277 of Tennessee. Seven children were burn to them, three of whom are liv- ing — John H., Charles M., and Justus V. Four children died in infancy. Mrs. White died Feb. 1, 1861, in Mis- souri. Mr. White is a member of the A. F. & A. M., a skilled workman at his trade, and an esteemed citizen. Gregg McDanel and his wife settled in Otter Creek township in the fall of 1828, on Sec 7, where he lived for many years. He constructed a dam and mill for saw- ing lumber on Otter creek in 1828, and two years later a mill for grinding corn. Mr. McDanel came here from Madison county, and died in Sept., 1859, leaving a large landed estate. His wife, Rachel (Cooper) McDanel, died May, 1861. Gregg McDanel built a large flouring mill at Upper Grafton, in 1857, through the persuasion of Henry Shaff, a young miller, which proved a disastrous fail- ure. His son, Charles McDanel, resides on the old homestead. Charles McDanel is" a son of Gregg and Rachel (Cooper) McDanel, who set- tled in Madison county in 1820. They removed to Jersey county in 1828, locat- ing on Sec. 7, Otter Creek township, where Charles now resides. Gregg Mc- Danel died in Sept., 1859, and his wife in May, 1861. Both are buried in the Noble cemetery. Charles McDanel was born in Madison county, 111., in 1827, and was one year old when his parents settled in this count}'. He was reared to the occupation of farming, also worked in a saw and grist mill. He received a good education, attending the district school and afterwards Shurtleff College, at Upper Alton. In November, 1865, he was married to Amanda Dabbs, who was born in Otter Creek township. Mr. and Mrs. McDanel are the parents of eight children — Sarah Leonora, Rachel A., Charles G., Georgiana, Ada Maria, Mark L., William R., and Grace Adella. Mr. McDanel is one of the most extensive land owners in Jersey county, having 1,400 acres, and carries on general farming. He is a member of the A. F. A- A. M. Mr. McDanel has spent almost his entire life in this town- ship, and has witnessed its development. He has contributed his full share toward effecting the transformation from a scene of natural wildness to a country of com- fortable homes and a land teeming with wealth and material prosperity. These solid comforts of life have been secured by the industry and sacrifice of those early settlers, and among them Mr. Mc- Danel is now in the enjoyment of an abundant competency and can spend his remaining years in peace and happiness. Jasper M. Terry was a. settler of the year of 1828, on section 24. A sketch of this gentleman appears in the National, State and County Representa- tion chapter. Henry Clay Terry, son of Jasper M. and Mary A. (Wagoner) Terry, was born in Otter Creek township, Sept. 25, 1845. He was brought up on a farm in this township, and attended the district schools of the neighborhood. In 1864, be enlisted in the 124th Inf., and served in that regiment until July, I860. He was then transferred to Co. C, of the -"..'Id 111. Regt., and served until Nov. of the same year. He took part in the battles of Benton, Yazoo, and Spanish Fort, returning home Dec. 7, that winter, he attended school in Otterville, ami the following year, became a student at Shurtleff College, where he continued 278 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. one year, then went, in the winter of 1867-8 to the Commercial College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In the spring of 1870, he returned to Otterville, and en- gaged in the milling business, in com- pany with H. E. Dougherty; this part- nership lasted until July, 1873. Mr. Terry then went to Christian county, and bought a farm near Rosamond, on which he lived till Jan., 1875, at which date he sold it and removed to Jersey- ville, where he lived one year. He re- moved from Jerseyville to his present residence, on section 24, Otter Creek township, formerly the farm of his father. It comprises 160 acres, and is in a high state of cultivation, and well im- proved. His business is general farm- ing. Mr. Terry was married Sept. 28, 1870, to Mary Cadwalader of Otterville, Jersey county, 111. Tiny have three children — Addie May, born Aug. 18, 1871; Charles H., born Oct. 28, 1873, and Lora F., born Oct. 23, 1876. Mr. Terry belongs to the A. F. & A. M.,and also to the G. A. R. He is one of the directors of the board of agriculture, of Jersey county. He is the only one of his father's family now living in Jersey county, On the 18th of March, 182!), Tarlton F. Brock settled on the northeast quar- ter of section 25, in this township. He was born July 16, 1802, in Franklin county, Va. His ancestors, who were originally from England, had resided there for several generations. He em- igrated with his father's family to the Missouri territory in the fall of 1818, and settled in Franklin county, about 60 miles west of St. Louis, from whence he removed to the present limits of Greene county, 111., in 1825. March 20, 1829, he located on Otter Creek prairie, on Sec. 25, T. 7, R. 12, where he remained until his death, Nov. 6, 1876. He was a life-long Methodist in his church relations, being a member of the quarterly conference for nearly, or quite, 50 years. The writer, his son, well remembers the pioneer Methodist preachers who where always welcome at his father's house — John T. Johnson, Hadley, John Dew, Deneen, Phelps, Cartwright, Akers, Barger, Robbins, Heath, Wollard, Peters, Anderson, the ( 'orringtons, Norman Allyn, the gifted C. W. Lewis, and many others. T. F. Brock was the first postmaster at Otter Creek, being the second postoffice in the county. He was a strong advocate of education, temperance and Sunday schools. Dr. Silas Hamilton came to Otter Creek township in the spring of 1830. He was born in Tinmouth, Vt. His father, Captain Nathaniel Hamilton, commanded a company of Green Moun- tain boys, in the Revolutionary war. The family afterwards made a settle- ment in Ohio, and finally he removed to Monroe county, 111. Dr. Hamilton was an accomplished physician, and be- fore coming to this country, had been practicing in Mississippi, back of Natchez. He bore a high reputation while he lived in this county, and if his life had been longer spared, he would undoubtedly have risen to a high place here. Dr. Hamilton was the owner of a considerable number of slaves, whom, in his lifetime, he liberated. After his death, a fine monument of Italian mar- ble, which still stands, was erected to his memory at Otterville. This monu- ment bears the following inscription: HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 279 "To the memory of Dr. Silas Hamilton, his former master, born at Tinmouth, Vt., May 19, 1775; died at Otterville, Nov. 19, 1834; having in his lifetime given freedom to 28 slaves, and at his death bequeathed $4,000 for the erection and endowment of the Hamilton Prima- ry School." There is also an inscrip- tion stating that the monument was "erected by George Washington, born in Virginia, a slave, died at Otterville, 111., April 18, 1864, a chris- tian freeman." The school building erected by the doctor, and spoken of in the first inscription, is a stone structure, and is even yet a handsome appearing edifice. William Hamilton, a brother of Dr. Silas Hamilton, made a settlement on section 13, of this township, in 1830. He was from the state of Vermont, and losing his wife in 1828, he with his three sons immigrated to this state in 1830, and located upon the northeast quarter of the section, where he lived the re- mainder of his life. He was an active, energetic man, and highly esteemed by all. He died at the residence of Jephtha Dixon, in Calhoun county, July 22, 1S49. William McDow came to Otter Creek township, in the fall of 1830, and set- tled where he now resides. William McDow, son of John and Margaret (Gilham) McDow, was born in Madison county, 111., Feb. 2, 1808. His parents were natives of North Carolina. In 1809, his father moved his family to a farm, near St. Luois, where they lived till 1815. In that year they moved to Boone county, Mo., where they lived nine years, and then returned to Illinois, locating in Jersey county, near New- bern. William resided here with his parents until the fall of 1830, when he removed to Otter Creek township, and bought 160 acres of government land, for which he paid $1.25 per acre. He built a log house the same year, in which he lived about 30 years. He now has a well improved place, with a good frame house and barn. He was married April 11, 1830, to Delilah Wagoner, daughter of David Wagoner. She was born in Virginia-,- in 1808. They have had eight children, seven of whom are now living — Marion, living in Otterville; Ellen, wife of Charles Shelton Roads, of Macoupin county; Margaret, living with her parents; Mary, wife of Ziba Noble, Quarry township; William H., of Alton: Josephine, wife of Lawrence Green, of Kansas City, Mo., and Allie, living at home with her parents. Mr. McDow's farm contains 278 acres, which he rents, but still resides upon the place. Marion McDow has resided in the township over half a century, having been born here in 1830. He is a son of William McDow. James Derrick settled where Samuel Dougherty now lives in 1830. That loca- tion was on Sec. 14. That same year all the family had the bilious fever, and Mrs. Derrick took an overdose of lauda- num and died. Derrick knocked around about a year, married a widow named Hurd, and moved to Missouri. He was driven out of there by bushwhackers during the war. He returned to Mis- souri after the rebellion was over. Solomon Dixon came in the spring of 1830, and located on the place where William Dougherty now resides. He died in 1831, and his widow sold the im- provement to Thomas Hamilton. The 280 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. widow and her family then removed to Macoupin county. Dixon was a native of Tennessee. Among the other settlers of this year, 1830, were the following : Maurice Arm- strong, on Sec. 13; Elijah Brown, Sec. 12, and James Hinson. Maurice Arm- strong soon sold out, removing to the neighborhood of Fieldon, from whence he removed to Montgomery county. Thomas H. Hamilton came in the spring of 1831, and bought the improve- ment made by Solomon Dixon, buying from the latter's widow. He came to Illinois, from Ohio, in 1818, and located in Monroe, county. On the 9th of May, 1831, he came to Jersey county. He was a carpenter by trade. He died in the fall of 1844, leaving tbree sons — Nathaniel, Dr. J. 0., and Rev. B. B. With him came Daniel H. Hamilton, who also entered land on section 14. These were both brothers of Dr. Silas Hamilton. Jay M. Hurd, whose sketch occurs elsewhere, was a settler of 1831. He came here the year previous, with his uncle, Dr. Hamilton, but, being taken sick, returned to his eastern home, but the following spring came back. With him came his parents, Ezra and Polly H. Hurd, but they died soon after. James F. Terry and Ezekiel Chance were also settlers of the year 1831, the former locating upon section 24. William Dougharty, Sr., came in Sep- tember, 1832, and located on the farm now owned by his eldest son — John G. John G. Dougherty has been a resi- dent of Otter Creek township since ls:','_>, having come here with his parents in September, of that year. He was born in Adams county, Miss., in 1820, and is a son of William and Janet (Fowler) Dougherty, the former a native South Carolina, and the latter of New York. The subject of this sketch has always followed farming. He now owns a fine farm comprising 656 acres, with splendid improvements. He was married, in 1845, to Susan Millross, a native of Scotland. They are the pa- rents of eight children, six of whom are living — Louisa, wife of J. C. Cad- walader, of this township; George H., living at home; William, living in this township; Irene, wife of C. A. L. Reed, M. D., of Hamilton, 0.; Leon- ora, wife of Milton Noble, of this town- ship; and John, living at home with his parents. Julius died in 1849, and Anna in 1881. Mr. Dougherty's father, William, died in 1833, and his mother, in 1862. Henry Noble, a native of Maryland, but a long time resident of the state of Mississippi, came to Jersey county in 1833, landing at Grafton on the 3d of April. He immediately purchased some 400 acres of land on section 10 and 15, in this township, and settled down to the hard life of a pioneer. Mr. Noble was married in the state of Mis- sissippi to Mary Swayze, a native of New Jersey, He was the father of quite a family of children, some of whom have risen to considerable dis- tinction — Reuben, having been until lately the judge of the 5th judicial dis- trict of Iowa; Caleb, associate justice of this county, and others. Mr. Noble was noted throughout this county as a man of the strictest integrity and ster- ling worth. He died in July, 1852, at his place near Otterville. Caleb Noble came with his parents in 1833. He was born in Adams county, Miss., in 1817. He was married in 1840 to Electa Gillhani, a native of Illi- nois. She died in 1852. William Noble came to Otter Creek township in 1833, he being then six years old. He was born in Adams county, Mississippi, in 1827. His par- ents, Henry and Nancy Ann (Curry) Noble, resided in this township from from 1833 until their death, his father dying in 1852 and his mother in 1850. William H. was brought up on a farm and has always followed agricultural pursuits. He was married, on the 4th of March, 1849, to Thirza Chappell, a native of England. They are the parents of six children— Israel C, of Otter Creek township, Emma M., wife of Theodore Dodson of Jerseyville, 111.; William H., of this township; Milton B., of this township; James R. and Jesse C, living with their parents. Mr. Noble owns 218 acres of land on sections 14 and 15, 200 on section 10, and 40 on section 9, of Otter Creek township. His residence is one of the oldest frame houses in Jer- sey county. He carries on general farming. Mr. Noble and all of his family are members of the Presbyterian church. Samuel J. M. Dougherty settled where he now lives in Otter Creek town- ship, in 1845, since which this has been his home. He was born in the state of Mississippi, in 1810. His parents, James and Arkada (Varnada) Dougher- ty, were natives of South Carolina, who came to Jersey county in 1834, and set- tled where Samuel now lives, in this township. Here James Dougherty died in 1843. The subject of this sketch was married in 1846 to Elizabeth Cook, who — was born in Mississippi, and came with her parents to this state in 18.'->5. Mr. Dougherty owns a fine farm, comprising 275 acres of land, all improved, and is engaged in general farming. Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty are the parents of four children, two of whom are living — Joseph C, of this township, and Mary A. James H. died while in the service of his country, during the war of the Re- bellion. He was a member of Co. C, of the 61st 111. Inft. Alexander F. died at the age of four years. Mr. Dougherty and his family are members of the M. E. Church. He is a republican po- litically, and was formerly a whig. Al- though advanced in years he is still vigorous and hearty, and a well inform- ed, intelligent gentleman. Jeremiah O. Stillwell. was born in Haywood county, X. C, July 28, 181 1. He came to Illinois in 1834, and located in what is now Jersey county, on the northeast quarter of Sec. 27, T. 7, R. 12, about two miles southwest of the place where the village of Otterville is now located. He was married Dec. 14, 1837, to Ann Eliza White, who was born Oct. 1, 1821, in Chatham county. X. C, and who came to Illinois with her parents about the same time Mr. Stillwell did. There were born to Mr. and Mrs. Still- well 13 children, of whom only six are now living — five sons, Virgil, Leander, Reuben, Logan, Ernest, and a daughter, Louisa. Mr. Stillwell resided on the old homestead until 1881, when he sold out and moved to Anderson county, Kan., where he now resides, engaged in farming and stock-raising. Politically, Mr. Stillwell was an old-line whig, but on the dissolution of that party, he allied himself, in 1854, with the repub- 284 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. lican party, with which he has ever since voted and acted. Leander Stillwell, son of Jeremiah 0. and Ann Eliza (White) Stillwell, was born in Otter Creek precinct, Jersey county, 111., Sept. 16,1843. He received a limited common school education, at the old Stone school house, in Otter- ville. On Jan. 7, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Co. D, 61st 111. Inf., and in Feb., 1864, re-enlisted as a veteran vol- unteer in the same company and regi- ment, and served to the end of the war, being mustered out as 1st lieutenant, and having served continuously nearly four years. At the close of the war, he studied law at the Albany law school, and was admitted to the bar in Dec, 1867. He immigrated to Kansas, in May, 1868, locating at Erie, Neosho county, where he engaged in the practice of law. He was married in 1872 to Miss Anna L. Stauber. He was elected to the lower house of the Kansas legislature in 1876, and in 1883, was elected judge of the seventh judicial district, consisting of the counties of Allen, Neosho, Wilson and Woodson, which position he now holds. Politically, he is a republican. Ephraim Fredenburg settled in Otter Creek township in 1837. He was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1817, his parents being Aaron and Mary (Routledge) Fre- denburg. His early life was spent in his native country, where, in his youth, he learned the carpenter trade. In 1837, he came to Jersey county, 111., and settled in Otter Creek township, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in January, 1880. He owned a farm of 40 acres. He was married in 1844 to Mary A. Lofton, who was born in this county. Six children were born to them — Charles H., now living in Grafton; Catharine, wife of Charles Blish, of Jerseyville; Eliza- beth J., wife of R. R. Nugent, of Graf- ton; Caroline C, wife of Thomas J. Cannada. of Otterville; Delevan, living at home; and Celinda, wife of Frank Calhoun, of Otterville. Their son, Charles H., served one year in the army, during the war of the Rebellion. Mrs. Fredenburg is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. OTHER PROMINENT CITIZENS. Reuben T. Worthey, son of George and Lucy (Ivins) Worthey. was born in East Tennessee, in 1828. In Aug. 1846, he came to Jersey county, 111., settled in Otter Creek township, and engaged in farming. He has been a resident here since that time and now owns a fine farm of 120 acres. He was married in June, 1860, to Mary E. Miner, a native of this county. They are the parents of 11 children, 10 of whom are living — Toney Newton, Josephine, Daniel Ben- ton, Aaron, Louis, Nathaniel, Louisa, Jennette, Christopher, Harry A., and Lucy. Alice is deceased. Mr. Worthey carries on general farming. He is at present school director of this district. John W. Sisson, one of the leading farmers of Otter Creek township, is a native of Virginia, born March 7, 1813. He is a son of Abner and Susanna (Hardy) Sisson, both natives of Vir- ginia. In the fall of 1S20 they removed from Virginia to Jefferson county, Ky. John W. came to the state of Illinois in May, 1837, and settled in Macoupin county, where he lived until 1850, then moved to Jersey county and located where he now resides, on Sec. 13, Otter HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 285 Creek township. He owns a well im- proved farm, comprising 295 acres. His residence is a handsome structure, erected at a cost of §8,0(10. His barn and other farm buildings are of a corre- sponding description. Mr. Sisson was married in Feb., 1843, to Martha J. Eaton, a native of Kentucky. They are the parents of eight children — Susan S., wife of Charles Stephenson, of Nebraska; Henry Hardy, now in Nebraska; John Franklin, living in Logan county, 111.; Louisa Maria, wife of Shepherd Bell, of Nebraska; Emma Cordelia, wife of Is- rael Noble, of Jersey county; Jessie May, living with her parents; Cyrus Ausbury and Olive Augusta, also living at home. He is engaged in general farming. He came here in very limited circumstances, and his present highly prosperous condition is due entirely to his own industry and wise management. Thomas Edsall, son of Coe and Li- dice H. (Perry) Edsall, was born in Jersey county, in 1841. Coe Edsall was a native of New York, and his wife of Tennessee. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in this county. During the war of the Rebellion he served ten months as a member of Co. E, of the 9th 111. Cav. He has always followed the occupation of farming and now owns a good farm of 120 acres in Otter Creek township. He was mar- ried in 1884 to Eliza A. Myers, a native of Reynolds county, Mo. She is a daughter of Lorenzo D. and Angeline (Legate) Myers. Mrs. Angeline Myers was born in 1820 and died in the year 1881. She was an old settler of Jersey county, was well known and highly re- spected. Mr. Edsall has served two terms as road commissioner, and is a highly respected citizen of this town- ship. Charles R. Kirchner. a farmer of Otter Creek township, is a son of George C. and Elizabeth (Thurston) Kirchner, na- tives of Prussia, who came to America in 1825. Charles R. was born in Jersey county in 1850. He here grew to man- hood, receiving his education in the dis- trict schools of English township and the graded schools of Jersey ville. In 1870 he was married to Charlotte Hin- son, a native of this county. They have three children — Lula Bell, Harry Wes- ley, and Delia Leo. Mr. Kirchner owns a farm of 120 acres, located on Sec. 15. Mr. and Mrs. Kirchner are membersof the Methodist Episcopal church. George C. Kirchner improved one of the first farms in English township, located on Sees. 31 and 32. George Kirchner died Dec. 11, 1881, and his wife, Elizabeth, in the fall of 1865. Both are buried in the Jerseyville cemetery. Samuel C. Ellis was born in East Tennessee in 1824. His parents were Elijah and Amanda (Cox) Ellis, the former a native of Tennessee, and the latter of Pennsylvania. When Samuel was quite young his parents moved to Pennsylvania, thence to Ohio, where his mother died August 6, 1826, and his father in 1835. After his father's death he went back to Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1841. He then returned to Ohio, and, in the spring of 1846, en- listed in the Mexican war, joining Co. G, 2d Ohio Regt. He was in the ser- vice two years, after which he came to this state, and settled in Quarry town- ship, Jersey county. He followed farm- ing there until 1872, then removed to Otte r ville, and.has l iv ed in this neigh- 286 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN TY. borhood ever since. In 1850 he was married to Mary M. Edsall, who was born in Pennsylvania. They have had two children — Linda Maria, who died June 14, 1860, aged nine years, and Ida Jane, wife of J. N. Noble, of Quarry township. Mr. Ellis owns a farm of 80 acres. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and an Odd Fellow. Mrs. Ellis is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. John T. Swan, a farmer of this county, was born in 1823, in St. Clair county, 111. He is a son of Francis and Eliza- beth (Chambers) Swan, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Virginia. He came to this country in 1826 with his parents, and settled two miles west of Carrollton, Greene county. He there lived until he was about ten years old, when they moved to Missis- sippi township, this county, and lived there 15 years. They then moved to Sec. 25, Otter Creek township, which has since been his home, and where he now owns 80 acres of good land. He was married in 1856 to Melissa Fell, a native of this state. They have two children — Laura, wife of 0. S. David- son, of Virden, 111., and Mary, wife of Silas Spangle, of this township. Mr. Swan is a member of the M. E. Church. He takes a considerable interest in pub- lic affairs, and has been town trustee. His mother died in 1844, and his father in 1846, and both were buried in Salem church cemetery. Henry S. Rogers, a prominent farmer of Otter Creek township, is a native of Scioto county, Ohio, born in the year 1821. His father, Elias P. Rogers, was born on Long Island, N. Y., and his mother, Susanna (Spangle) Rogers, in Pennsylvania. Henry S. Rogers came to Illinois in 1840, locating in St. Clair county. Eight months later he removed to Jersey county and settled in Jersey- ville township, where he lived four years. He moved to a farm on the Illinois river bottom, upon which he lived two years and kept the farm, then went to Monroe county, 111., and re- mained one year, " then returned to Jersey county, lived here four years, and removed to Johnson county, Ind., where for two years he was proprietor of a paper called the Franklin Jeffergim- ian. At the expiration of that time, he came back to Jersey county and staid five years engaged in blacksmithing, then went»to Montgomery county, 111., and there followed fanning eighteen months, after which he purchased the farm in this county, upon which he now resides. It is located in Otter Creek township, and comprises 340 acres. Mr. Rogers was married in 1844, to Rachel Vanausdall, a native of Ohio. Eight children were born to them — Austin J., born in 1847, and died in 1879; Desde- mona, born in 1849, and died in 1865; Margaret H., born in 1860, and died in 1865; Cornelius W., born in 1854, now living at home; Mary E., born in 1851, now the wife of T. A. Davis, of Win- chester, 111.; John V., born in 1857, living at home; Teresa C, born in 1863, now the wife of Seth Fisk, of this county, and Rowena Maud, born in 1865, living at home. Mrs. Rogers died in 1879, and was buried in the Noble cem- etery, near Otterville. Mr. Rogers is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and has for the past forty years, held connec- tion with the Baptist church. He is at present serving as township trustee. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 287 Noah T. Rogers settled where he now resides, on section 11, Otter Creek town- ship, in 1846. He is a son of Elias P. and Susanna (Spangle) Rogers, and was born in Scioto county, 0., in 1824. He was married in 1849 to Sarah McDaniel, a native of Illinois. By this union there were seven children, six of whom are living — Sarah A., William C, Viola V., Maria L., Dora J., and Ada. He owns 198} acres of land. Mrs. Rogers also owns 180 acres in this county, and 240 acres in Madison county. Mr. Rog- ers is a justice of the peace and a town- ship supervisor, having held both offices for a number of years. He is a mem- ber of the I. 0. 0. F., also of the A. F. and A. M. Hiram White a farmer of Otter Creek township, was born in Clinton county, 111., Dec. 16, 1843. He is a son of Thomas and Rebecca White, who came to Jersey county in 1845, and settled on section 20, Otter Creek township, where Hiram White now lives. Thos. White died in 1850 and his wife, Rebecca in 1884. Hiram White was married in 18(58, to Julia Hill, a native of Georgia. They have three children — Nettie De- light, Iva Nellie and Elda May. Mr. White served five months in the army during the war of the Rebellion, enlist- ing in the 27th 111. Inf. He was dis- charged for disability and returned home He owns 80 acres of valuable land and is engaged in general farming. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F. Andrew Spangle, of Otter Creek town- ship, was born in Ohio in 1818, and is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Johnson) Span- gle, natives of the same state. In the year 1832 he came to Jersey county, and settled on the place where he now re- sides. He has 200 acres of well im- proved land, and is engaged in general farming. In 1846 he was united in mar- riage with Susan Hughes, who was born in Ohio. They reared a family of eight children — Ellen, who was married to Linus Humiston, and died in 1879; Silas, living in this township; Louis, at home, George, living in Mississippi township; Julia, at home; Albert, living in this township; Emma, wife of James Bot- kin, and Jasper, of English township. Mr. and Mrs. Spangle are members of the Baptist church. Isaac Kennedy was born in Hen- dricks county, Ind., April 10, 1838, his parents being Levi and Elizabeth (Smith) Kennedy, both natives of Ken- tucky. Isaac came to this county in 1854, and settled in Quarry township remaining there two years. He then moved to Christian county, but after a few months, returned to Jersey county and located in Otter Creek township, where he has since resided. He was married on the 27th day of May, 1850, to Elizabeth Davis, a native of Indiana. They are the parents of two children — Isaac Newton, of Otterville, and Jesse, living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy are members of the Baptist Church. Louis Albrecht was born in Germany in 1834, and is a son of Ignatius and Victoria (Tischler) Albrecht. both na- tives of Germany. He came to the United States in 1867, and located first at Memphis, Tenn., where he remained six months, then went to Iowa, thence, soon after, to Missouri. Three months later he came to Illinois, and stopped three months in Brighton, after which he came to Jersey county, locating at Grafton, where he resided one year. At L'SS HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the expiration of that time he moved to a farm near Grafton, where he spent four years, taking care of a vineyard. In 1872 he rented a farm in Otter Creek township, and in 1876 moved to the farm where he now lives. He rented the same for a period of five years, but at the end of two years purchased the place. It is located on Sec. 34, and comprises 119 acres of valuable and well improved land. He was married in 1865, to Elizabeth Willmann, a native of Germany. Three children have been born to them — John Michael, Joseph Louis, and Maggie Elizabeth, all attend- ing the district school. Mr. Albrecht, before coming to this country, served nine years in the German army. He was also a conductor on a railroad in that country, and kept a store there two years. He is at present serving as school director. James P. Moss, a farmer of Otter Creek township, was born in Jefferson county, 111., in 1825, being a son of Ran- som and Anna (Johnson) Moss, both of whom were native Virginians, and came to this state in 1818, settling in the county where James was born, near Mt. Vernon. His father there died in 1835, and his mother still lives in that county. The subject of this sketch came to this county in 1849, locating first in Graf- ton, and there remained one winter. He then came to this township, and located on Sec. 25, and rented a farm, which subsequently he purchased and where he now lives. He was married in 1846 to Martha Brock, a native of this county. By that union were nine children, only two of whom — Samantha J. and James C. — are now living. His first wife died Jan. 2, 1864, and July 27 of the follow- ing year he was married to Lucinda C. Slaten, a native of this county. By this marriage were six children — Neenah, Nettie D., Fannie R., Ruth, Harmon W., and Carrie. Mr. Moss takes a com- mendable interest in public affairs, and has been school director and trustee. He has always made farming a business and now owns 200 acres of land. James C. Moss, son of James F. and Martha ( Brock) Moss, was born in Jersey county in the year 1858. His early life was spent here and his education ob- tained in the district schools of this neighborhood. In 1877 he was united in marriage with Alma C. Hinman, who was born in Jefferson county, 111. They are the parents of one child — Fred- die, aged two years. Mr. and Mrs. Moss are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which they take an active interest. Mr. Moss is superin- tendent of the Sunday school and in that capacity is well liked and highly useful. Daniel Newberry came to Jersey county in 1856, locating then in Otter Creek township. He was born in New Jersey, in 1806, his parents being Daniel and Elizabeth (Smallwood) Newberry, both natives of New Jersey. Daniel Newberry was married in 1827, to Eliza- beth Jones, a native of Clermont county, Ohio. Nine children were born to them, two of whom are now living — Louisa, wife of J. W. Lane, of this township; and Hamilton D., now living in Mont- gomery county, 111.. Mr. Newberry has a farm of 80 acres, and has always been a farmer. Both he and his wife are consistent members of the M. E. church. Marion McDow was born in Jersey county in the year 1830, and is a son HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY 289 of William and Delilah (Waggoner) McDow. The subject of this sketch has spent most of his life in Otter Creek township, where he now lives. He was married in 1862, to Melissa Rogers, a native of Otter Creek township. In 1853 he went to California, remaining there until 1861, engaged in blaeksmith- ing. He then returned to Jersey county. He owns 120 acres of land and town property, consisting of a residence and five lots. He has served as township assessor, two terms. Henry T. Miller was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in the year 1838, and is the son of Henry and Charlotte (Hincey) Miller, natives of that country. The subject of this sketch came to America in the year 1848, and settled in St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the trade of turner, with the firm of Woodburn & Scott, where he worked fifteen years. He then went to Calhoun county, 111., and was a resident of that county five years, after which he moved to Clark county, Mo. One year later he came to Jersey county and settled in T. 7, R. 12, Sec. 36, where he still lives. He owns a farm of 80 acres and carries on general farming. In 1862, Mr. Miller was married to Melvina M. Miller, a native of Ohio. Four children have blessed their union — Scena, wife of Phillip Maxwell, of Burden, Kan.; Fannie Bell, wife of Sam- uel S. Leppler, of Burden, Kan.; Susie, wife of Edward W. Maxwell, of this township; and Thomas Henry, at home. Mr. Miller has been school director of his district four years. His father, Henry Miller, died in St. Louis, in 1874, and his mother now lives in Calhoun county. James Shortal is a native of Kil- kenny, Ireland, born June 15, 1815. He is a son of Robert and Bridget (Griffin) Shortal. In 1847, James Shortal emi- grated to America, landing in New York city, where he resided 12 years. In March, 1865, he moved to Jersey county, 111., settling in Otter Creek town- ship, where he now owns a valuable and well improved farm, containing 2771 acres of land. He has a commodious and comfortable residence, erected at a cost of $2,500. He began life without financial capital, and has accumulated his property unaided. He carries on general farming. He was married, in 1849, to Mary Sangford, also a native of Kilkenny, Ireland. Six children were born to them, only one of whom is now- living — Samuel, who resides upon the farm with his father. Bridget was mar- ried to James O'Neal, who died in 1877. Sbe died Feb. 2, 1871), in Colorado. Robert died Sept. 20, 1882, in this county Margaret died in 1858. Mary died in 1859, and Ellen in 1861. The three last named are buried in Bordentown, New Jersey. Mr. Shortal and his family are members of the Catholic church. He has five grandchildren living with him, all of whom attend the district school. Edward D. Howard, a farmer of Otter Creek township, is a son of Beal and Ann R. Howard, both natives of Fair- fax county, Va. They emigrated to Illi- nois in 1829, and settled at Alton, where Edward was born in 1843. When he was eight years old he removed with his parents, to a farm four miles north of Alton, upon which they lived until the fall of 1868. He then went to Montgomery county, and remained un- til 1875. In that year he came to Otter Creek township, where he has since resided. In Oct. 1882, he went to New Mexico, with the intention of making that his home, but not being pleased with the country, returned after a few months. He was married April 9, 1868, to Emma M. Terry, of this township, and by this union had five children — Jasper E., Thomas Henry, Anna, Eva, and Cartney Leroy. Mr. Howard owns a good farm containing 150 acres, all under cultivation and well improved. He carries on general farming. His father, Beal Howard, died in 1874, and his mother in 1861. Jesse K. Cadwalader is a son of John and Mary (Branson) Cadwalader. and was born in 1846, in Fulton county, 111. He remained with his parents, on a farm, in that county till April, 1858, then came to Jersey county and settled in Otter Creek township. After coming here he attended one year (1866) at ShurtlefF college, at Upper Alton, then returned to the farm, on Sec. 12, where he now resides. In March, 1864, he en- listed in the 124th 111. Inf., and served until June 13, 1865. He participated in the siege of Mobile, Ala. In Sept., 1871, was married to Louisa M. Dough- erty, daughter of John S. Dougherty, of Otter Creek township. They are the parents of one child — Mamie D. Mr. Cadwalader owns 270 acres of land, all of which is improved except 30 acres of timber; also, a residence in Jerseyville. He makes a business of stock-raising, paying particular attention to short-horn cattle. Mr. Cadwalader and his family are members of the Methodist Episco- pal church. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has held the office of township supervisor two years. John Cadwalader was born in Harrison county, Ohio, Feb. 29, 1812, and died Nov. 24, 1880. His wife, Mary (Bran- son) Cadwalader, was born in 1818, and is now living in Jerseyville. Adrastus Calhoun came to Jersey county in 1833, accompanying his parents, Solomon and Rhoda (Walker) Calhoun. They settled near the site of the present city of Jerseyville. Solo- mon Calhoun was a native of New Hampshire, and his wife of Massachu- setts. They remained residents of Jersey county until their death. Solo- mon Calhoun died near Jerseyville in 1869. His widow survived until Jan., 1882. Both are buried in the Jersey- ville cemetery. The subject of this sketch was born in Vermont in 1828, and was five years of age when he came to this county, which has ever since been his home. He was educated in the pub- lic schools of this county, and in 1859, married to Emeline Moore, who was born in this county. Mr. Calhoun has a fine farm ot 260 acres, with a handsome and commodious residence. He is engaged in general fanning. He is the present assessor of Otter Creek township, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun have six children — Frank, living near Otterville; Charles, in Belleville, 111.; Caleb, James, Joseph and Frederick, living with their parents. Mr. Calhoun has in his possession a gun which was carried through the Revolu- tionary war by his grandfather, who was a soldier in the British army, but who deserted to join the colonists. Isaac T. Patton was born in Tennes- see in the year 1828, and is a son of Josiah and Julia (Coile) Patton, the for- mer a native of Tennessee, and the lat- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 291 ter of South Carolina. In 1831, the family removed to Illinois, and settled in Bond county, where Isaac remained until 1854. In that year he came to Jersey county, locating there on the place where he now resides, on section 34, Otter Creek township. He owns 71 acres of valuable land, and is engaged in farming. In 1850 he was married to Jane Wilkinson, a native of Kentucky, and by this union, has seven children — Sylvester, living in this township; John, in Jerseyville; Alice, now married, and living in this township; Nancy, wife of John Lethler, also of this township; Rhoda, Freddie and Lula, living with their parents. Mr. Patton and wife are members of the Baptist church, in which he is a deacon. He has held the office of school director, and is a highly respected citizen. Thomas W. Anderson, son of Thomas and Isabel (Barton) Anderson, was born in Warren county, Ohio, Feb. 15, 1830. His parents were natives of the state of Pennsylvania. Thomas W. Anderson came to this county in 1852, coming all the way from Ohio on horseback. He arrived in Jerseyville on the evening of the day that Franklin Pierce was elected president of the United States. He set- tled then in this township, where he has since resided. He owns 80 acres of well improved land, and in addition to farm- ing, buys produce which lie ships to St. Louis. Mr. Anderson was married July 25, 1861, to Mary Ann Austin, a native of Wayne county, 111. Seven children have been born to them, five of whom are living — Rebecca Isabel, horn in 1N66; Will i;i in Watson, born in 1868; Jasper Newton, born in 1870; Lydia Ann, and John T. Two sons, Robert Benjamin, died July 19, 1863, and Charles, died in 1865. Mr. Anderson is a member of the A. F. and A. M. His father, Thomas Anderson, died in 1866, and his mother, Mrs. Isabel Anderson, in 1864. Henry L. Slaten is a son of George W. and Clementine Slaten, the former, a native of Georgia, and the latter, of North Carolina. Henry L. was born in Jersey county, in 1842, where he was reared upon a farm. In 1868 he was married to Jane Kulison, also a native Jersey county. They have three child- ren living — Ehnira P., Rollie R. and Zettie May. Mr. Slaten owns a well cultivated farm comprising 120 acres. II is improvements are of the best class. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. April 20, 1861, Mr. Slaten enlisted in the 14th 111. Inf., and served two months, then returned home and re- mained until the fall of the same year, when he again enlisted in the 61st 111. Reg., and served until Dec. 25, 1865. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Little Rock and others. John T.Waggoner was born in Greene county, 111., in 1850, being a son of John D. and Phoebe Waggoner. His father was born in Kentucky, and his mother in this county. He received his educa- tion in the district schools of Jersey and Greene counties. He began farm- ing at an early age, and is still engaged in that business. He was married in the month of March, in the year 1878, to Susie R. White, daughter of John L. White. She was born in Greene county. They have but one child — Lacy Earl. At the last school election he was elected to fill the office of director, in that dis- trict. 292 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. CEMETERY. The Otterville cemetery is located on the northwest quarter of Sec. 14, on land lying within the corporation limits. It was formerly called the Noble cemetery, being on land belong- ing to William Noble. The first inter- ment made there was that of the mortal remains of Daniel White, oldest child of Josiah White, who died in the fall of 1829. This was also the first burial in the township. The plot of Otterville cemetery was filed for record May 28, 1877. RELIGIOUS. Antioch Baptist church is located on the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of Sec. 36. It is the only church in the township outside of Otterville. EDUCATIONAL. The first school taught within the lim- its of what now constitutes Otter Creek township, was presided over by Mrs. Caroline Ripson. It was opened in the summer of 1832, in the cabin built for Ezra Hurd, who had died the fall before. The district is now in good shape, most of the schoolhouses being commodious and neat structures, and well kept up. An excellent standard of tutors is held and the teachers are quite up to the mark, in all respects. The first school house in the Pleasant Grove district was erected in 1870, and was 16x20 feet in size. The first teacher was Mary Jane Slaten. The present building was put up in 1875. It is 16x24 feet in size, and cost $300. The first teacher was Alice Hughes. Mrs. Kate B. Owens is the present teacher. Grant school house in district No. 2. was erected in 1883. It cost $450. Kate McKinstry taught the first term of school in this building. The school building in district No. 3, known as Buckeye school house, was erected in 1880, by John C. Lewis, con- tractor. The building is 20x36 feet in size, and cost $500. The enrollment in this school is 35. The teacher is Ned Yerkes. Liberty school house, in district No. 4, was built in 1885, at a cost of $500. In size it is 20x36 feet. The enrollment is 20. Shiloh school house was built in 1872. It is a frame building 22x32 feet in size, and cost $1,200. There is an enrollment of 75 in this school, with an average at- tendance of 40. S. T. Cannedy is the present teacher. FIRST ITEMS. The first death was Daniel, son of Josiah White, born in 1828. The first marriage was that of Wil- liam McDow and Delilah Waggoner, in the spring of 1830. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Joseph Basey, a Methodist minister, on the farm now owned by Edward Howard. Josiah White's oldest child, Daniel, died in the fall of 1829, and was buried in what was known as the Noble cemetery, now the Otter- ville cemetery. This was the first death in the township, and the body was the first interred in that cemetery. The first grist mill in the county run by water power, was erected by Gregg McDanel in 1828, and was located in Otter Creek township, on section 7, on the south bank of Otter creek. It was built in 1830. A saw mill had been built by the same party, in 1828, on the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 293 opposite side of the creek. The dam was afterwards washed away, and both mills went down. The first justice of the peace was Gil- bert Douglas, Sr., elected in 1824. His son is a resident of Des Moines, Iowa. The first constable was Jay Montgom- ery Hurd, elected in 1833. The first resident physician was Dr. Silas Hamilton, who located here in 1830. The first school was taught by Mrs. Caroline Ripson, in the summer of 1832. The first store in the township was opened at the forks of Otter creek, in 1832, by Woodberry Massey, who met with such a tragic fate, three years after- wards, at the Dubuque lead mines. VILLAGE OF OTTERVILLE. This is one of the oldest towns in Jersey county. It is located on section 14, the principal part being on the west half of that section. It was surveyed and platted by Geo. I. Foster, county surveyor, Oct. 6, 1866, and the plat was filed for record August 14, 1867, although the place is, really, many years older than that would seem to indicate. Its early possession of good educa- tional facilities was one of the principal causes of the building up of the town. Dr. Silas Hamilton, who died in Novem- ber, 1834, left, by his will, $4,000 for the purpose of education. Of this sum $2,000 was to be expended in the erection of a school building on a site which had previously been selected by the doctor himself. This building was to be large enough to be used for a place of worship. The remaining $2,000 was set apart as an endowment fund for carrying on a primary school. Material was gotten onto the site selected, which was within the present limits of Otterville, and the executors commenced the erection of the present school building thereon in the summer of 1835. finishing the same season. The first term of school opened in June, 1836, and was sustained in part by subscriptions, and partly by interest on the endowment fund. The opening of the school occasioned the settlement of a number of families in the neighbor- hood to enjoy its educational advantages, and this was the nucleus of the growth of the town. A log house which stood on what is now block three, was occupied by a man named Chandler previous to the erection of the school building. There has been made to the town of Otterville one addition since the laying out of the place. This was made by Henry E. Dougherty, and was surveyed and platted Aug. 14, 1867, by George I. Foster, county surveyor. The plat was recorded in the office of the clerk of the circuit court, Nov. 20, 1867. The first store in Otterville was started by Joshua Thompson, in 1845. About a year afterward he disposed of it to Thornton Hughes. He conducted the business two years and then sold to B. B. Hamilton. In the fall of 1854 he sold out the stock to William Shephard, who afterward closed out the goods. The first blacksmith was Thornton Hughes, who established his shop about the year 1846. A wagon shop was instituted about the same time by John D. Waggoner, in connection with Hughes' blacksmith shop. This was also the first wagon shop in the place. PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS. The Otterville Store Company com- menced doing business in 1885. The business is managed by H. L. Giers. He handles a general stock of goods, comprising dry goods, groceries, hats and caps, boots and shoes, queens ware, glassware, hardware, notions, cigars, tobacco, etc. The building is of frame construction, the main portion being 24x55 feet in ground area, with a ware- house attached, 16x20 feet. There is also an office room attached, which is 12x14 feet in size. The building is two stories in height, the upper floor being used as a hall by the Odd Fellows and Masons. H. L. Giers is a son of Louis and Louisa (Rupp) Giers, natives of Ger- many, and was born in St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 28, 1851. He resided with his parents in St. Louis, where he attended school until he was 11 years of age. At that time he came to Otterville, which has been his residence the greater portion of the time since. He was for three years engaged in mercantile busi- ness in company with his uncle, Fred- erick Giers. The firm then became Giers & Barnes. April 4, 1876, H. C. Giers bought the business of that firm and continued it until March, 1880, when he sold out to L. T. Wagoner. In January, 1883, Mr. Giers rebuilt the Otterville mill, which he operated six months, then traded the same to C. C. McMurphy for Kansas lands, which he traded for a water-power flouring mill at East Dubuque. He removed thither and engaged in running the mill, 10 months, when it was burned. He then purchased a two-thirds interest in a mill at Alta, Iowa., where he lived 11 months, then sold out and returned to Otterville and engaged in merchandising for the Otterville Store Company. He was united in marriage June 9, 1883, with Isabella Montgomery, of Otter- ville. They have one child, Henry Webster, aged 14 months. Mr. Giers held the office of postmaster one year (then resigned) and assistant postmaster for eight years. He was township treasurer one year, and is a member of the A. F. and A. M. The drug store of Dr. Williams was established by him Nov. 1, 1879. He keeps a full line of drugs of all kinds, handles patent medicines, druggists' sundries, cigars, fancy goods, paints, oils, toilet articles, etc. Prescriptions are compounded here with precision and accuracy, the doctor himself being a fine physician, and his assistant, Mr. Case, being a registered pharmacist. A sketch of Dr. Williams will be found in the Medical chapter. The wagon-making and general repair shop of Lewis White was established in April, 1882. The shop is well equipped for doing repairing of all kinds and gen- eral blacksmithing. L. T. Waggoner, postmaster, is also a dealer in general merchandise. His building is a one-story frame, 24x70 feet in size. The business was established by him in 1882. The postoffice is in the same building. W. H. Lehmkuhl, blacksmith, com- menced business in 1878. He does all kinds of general blacksmithing, repair and wagon work, and since May, 1885, has been manufacturing a patent fence, constructed of wire and slats, which is acquiring considerable popularity. W. H. Lehmkuhl is of German extrac- HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 205 tion, his father, W. H. Lehmkuhl, being a native of Germany. His mother, Elizabeth (Grether) Lehmkuhl, was born in Missouri. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Louis county, Mo., in 1848. When he was eight years of age his father died, after which he went with his mother to St. Charles, Mo., where they remained a short time, then went to Cattleville, Mo., thence, soon after, to Grafton, Jersey county. ,One year later they removed to Otterville, where he still resides. Here he received a fair education, and at the age of 16 years began learning the blacksmith trade, which he has followed the greater portion of the time since. In 186-4 he enlisted in the 144th 111., and served until the close of the war. In 1870 he was married to Elniira Montgomery, a native of Otterville. They have three children — William Francis, aged 14; John Leo, aged 8, and Preston Mont- gomery, aged 5 years. Mr. Lehmkuhl was elected justice of the peace, hut resigned after serving one year. He has been a member of the town board two terms. He is the owner of real estate, including residence property ami a shop in Otterville. The first mill in Otterville was built in 1859, by H. E. Dougherty, William McDow, Ephraim Hughes, and John A. Campbell. It was not a very extensive establishment, and the business out- grew the facilities. A change was made in the proprietorship, H. E. Dougherty and William McDow assuming sole control. Some additions were made to the property, at the conclusion of which Mr. McDow went out of the firm. Mr. Dougherty then took J. M. Terry into partnership, and a new mill was erected. The old mill building was then used as a grain warehouse. The cost of the new plant was $28, IKK). Additions were subsequently made to the value of £4,(KX). The new mill commenced run- ning in Aug. 1869. Dougherty after- wards assumed exclusive control of the mill, which he ran until he died. It then lay idle about a year, and was finally sold to a firm composed of H. N. Belt, W. E. Carl in and W. H. H. West. The business was conducted underthis proprietorship for a time, and was then sold to B. F. Waggoner. He ran it until it burned down, in 1879. The property was insured for about all that it was then worth. A temporary structure in which to continue opera- tions was soon erected, by Humiston & Co., who afterwards sold it to a firm from Kansas, named Lee & Schofield, under whose management it again fur- nished food for the flames. The boilers still remain on the site of the ruined mill, they now belonging to Mr. Hu- miston. Otterville has a feed mill run by steam. It was put up in 1882, by A. H. Humiston, and does all kinds of custom grinding. Mr. Humiston also keeps in stock feed and meal of all kinds, which he handles in large and small quantities. Arthur H. Humiston, son of Warren and Elizabeth (Starlin) Humiston, was born in Washington county, 0., in 1856. When he was six months old his parents removed to Jersey county, 111., and settled in Otter Creek township, where he has resided most of the time since. During his early life he worked 296 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. this county, he lived on his father's farm, near Otterville, four years, then came to the village, where he has ever since resided. In 1849 he became a christian, making a public profession of religion. In 1852, after fully preparing himself, he commenced preaching the gospel. In 1854 he was ordained a minister of the Baptist church, known as the Missionary Baptist, and has con- tinued to preach since that time. In 1842 he was married to Margaret M. Biggers, a native of Kentucky. By this union there have been six children — Francis M., now living in Jerseyville; Melvina, wife of Uriah Oberlin, of tins township; Theodore, living in Jersey- ville; Junius A., of East St. Louis; Mary Belle, wife of George Hocking, of Jacksonville, 111.; Sarah M., wife of William D. Curtis, of Abilene, Kan.; Mrs. Dodson died Feb. 20, 1857. The same year, Mr. Dodson was again mar- ried to Mrs. Nancy Montgomery, widow of William D. Montgomery, of Otter- ville. By this marriage there are four children — James F., living in Abilene, Kan.; Aaron, Jr., at Mendota, 111.; Irena, wife of Edgar Nutt, of Abilene, Kan.; and Kersey, living with his par- ents. The second Mrs. Dodson died in 1878. Four years later he was married to Amy Irene Greer, by whom he has one child — Jennie M. Mr. Dodson served in the army three years during the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in 1862, in the 14th 111. Cav., in which he acted as chaplain during^the last six months of his service. He saw much active service, and participated in many engagements. In the fall of 1865 he was elected justice of the peace of this township, in which capacity he has upon his father's farm and attended the district school. In 1873, he attended the graded school at Jerseyville for a term of five months. He then returned to Otter Creek and engaged in running a derrick used in erecting stone build- ings. He assisted in building the school houses at Otterville and Grafton. After a time he located on a farm near Otter- ville, where he remained till the spring of 1882, at which time he returned to the village, and built the mill of the Jersey Milling Company. After carry- ing on that business a few months he sold his interest in the business, and the following spring moved to Kansas, and engaged in the drug business at Abilene, having as a partner, Dr. Curtis. Nine months later he sold out and came back to Otterville. In Dec, 1883, he built and fitted up a steam feed mill, which he operates at the present time. He was married June 2, 1885, to Sarah Gulick, a native of Macoupin county, 111. He is the owner of real estate, in- cluding four lots and mill property in Otterville. Mr. Humiston is a member of the Methodist church, and his wife, of the Presbyterian Church. Rev. Aaron Dodson has been a resi- dent of Jersey county since 1840, having removed here from Greene county with his parents, in that year. He was born in St. Louis county, Mo., Sept. 29, 1822, and is a son of Fletcher A. and Margaret (Toney) Dodson, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Virginia. In 1824, they settled on a farm in Greene county, 111., near where the town of Kane now stands. Aaron grew to manhood on the farm, and attended the district school, thus obtain- ing a fair education. After coming to HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 297 served until the present time, except one year, and that year he served as assessor. He owns 40 acres of land, also town property. As a preacher Mr. Dodson is possessed of much zeal and ability, and has been successful in bring- ing many to a knowledge of salvation. His father was also a Baptist minister and school teacher over 40 years, 30 of which was spent in Missouri, and died in 1873. John B. Carroll, son of Andrew and Jane ( Patton ) Carroll, was born in Bond county, 111., in the year 1S44, An- drew Carroll died in 1846. His widow is now living in Otterville. John B. was brought to this county when quite young, and here reared, receiving his education in the district schools. Feb. 4, 1864, he enlisted in the 149th 111. Inf., Co. G, and served one year. He was united in marriage Dec. 7, 1875, with Anna M. Porter, a native of Jer- sey county. She was brought up by Rev. James Slaten, of Mississippi township. Mr. and Mrs. Carroll are the parents of two children — Achsah and Beulah. Mr. Carroll has been con- stable four years, and still holds that office. He is a member of the G. A. R. He carries on, in the capacity of con- stable, quite an extensive collection business, also engages in loan and real estate business, having a large amount of land upon his list. Mrs. Carroll is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Allen M. Yanausdall, a carpenter and k resident of Otter Creek township, is among the old settlers, having lived here most of his life. He was born in Monroe county, this state, Aug. 4, 1839, and is a son of John and Mary (Pegan) Yanausdall, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Yir- ginia. These people were pioneers and came down the Ohio river on a flat boat in 1812, settling near Yincennes, Ind. They were also early settlers in this state, locating near Waterloo, Monroe county, as early as 1824. Thus they were among the early settlers in two states, and contributed their full share toward "opening up" a new country, and setting in motion a series of events, which subsequently made this a desir- able home for many people. They continued to live near Waterloo until 1846, when they removed to Rosedale township, Jersey county, and remained four years, then came to this township where they both di., in 1825. He remained in that county until 21 years of age, engaged in farming and carpentering. He obtained a good edu- cation in the public schools, and taught school one term of four months, in Ohio. In Sept., 1847, he came to Jersey coun- ty and settled in Otterville, where he has ever since resided. He has follow- ed teaching school and carpentering. He was employed about 10 years as teacher of the Otterville school. In Feb., 1864, he enlisted in the 124th 111. Inf., and served till July 17, 1865, when he was transferred to the 33d 111. Reg., and was mustered out Dec 6. 1SC>"). He participated in the following battles: Benton, Yazoo City, Clinton, Jackson Cross Roads, Miss., and Span- ish Fort, Ala. Mr. Humiston was mar- ried in 1873, to Ellen Spangle, a native of this county, and daughter of Andrew Spangle, of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Humiston have two children — Andrew Jason and Luther Burton. Jason Humiston, father of the subject of this sketch, died in Ohio, Nov. 20, 1854, and his wife, Margaret, March 31, 1849, in the same state. Horace K. Barber is a native of the "Green Mountain State," born in Wind- ham county in 1829, being a son of Calvin and Polly B. (Hall) Barber. In 1852 he came to Jersey county and settled in Jerseyville, where he resided till 1870. In that year he moved to Otterville, which has since been his home. He has followed the occupations of carpen- tering, coopering and brickmaking. In 1849 he was united in marriage with Martha E. Reed, also a native of Ver- mont. They are the parents of seven children — Francis Elliott, who died May 11, 1858, aged eight years; George Horace, born Aug. 6, 1851, now living in Edgar, Neb.: Arthur, who died March 18, bS54, aged eleven months; John A., born Oct. 24, 1855, now living in Carthage, Mo.; Frederick Eugene, who died in 1876, aged 18 years; Lula Winnie, who died in 1872, aged eight years, and Desdemona, who also died in 1872, at the age of six years. Mr. Barber enlisted in 1861, in the 14th 111. Regt., and served as a musician in Co. F, one year. He was mustered out at Corinth, Miss., in June, 1862. In Feb. 1865, he again 300 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. enlisted in the 154th 111. Inf., and served seven months as commissary-sergeant. Mr. Barber is a thorough musician and a band teacher. Thomas A. Case, of Otterville, is a son of John B. and Ann (Ross) Case, and was bom in the town where he now re- sides, Oct. 3, 1856. He attended the graded schools of Otterville and later, a private school, thus obtaining a good education, and at the age of 20 years, began teaching in a district school, which he continued five terms. Since 1880 he has clerked in the drug store of Dr. John Williams, during the sum- mer months, and followed teaching dur- ing the winter. In 1882 he was elected collector of Otter Creek township, and filled that office one term. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., in which he is P. G. SOCIETIES. Otterville lodge, No. 456, I. O. O. F., was organized on the 10th day of Oct., 1871, by T. B. Needles, G. M., and N. ('. Nason, G. S., with the following charter members : Albert Livingston, Jesse Cockrell, L. H. Palmer, James C. Buckles, E. N. Yale, John Cooley, Richard Chappell, Joseph Chambers and Joseph Marshaw. The first officers were: Albert Livingston, N. G.; Jesse Cockrell, V. G.; John Cooley, R. S.; Richard Chappell, Treas. Since then the presiding officers have been as fol- lows : Jesse Cockrell, N. T. Rogers, James C. Buckles, E. J. Hughes, J. C. Noble, J. E. Hurd, John S. Williams, H. K. Barber, S. W. Rogers, W. H. Lehmkuhl, J. S. Turner, William II. Cook, W. C. Rogers, A. J. Milford, W. H. Lehmkuhl, J. S. Williams, W. A. Smith, J. A. Flautt, Vincent Martin, S. Hamilton, Thomas A. Case, Geo. W. White, J. N. Kennedy. The present officers are the following : J. N. Ken- nedy, N. G.; W. H. Lehmkuhl ,V. G .; Thomas A. Case, S.; W. C. Rogers, treasurer. The membership of the lodge is 40 at this writing. A commendable degree of interest is manifested by the members, and the lodge may be said to be in good condition, financially and otherwise. The lodge meets every Sat- urday evening. Otterville lodge No. 563, A. F. & A. M., was organized in 1868, with the fol- lowing charter members: William J. Hull, O. B. Hamilton, John Lincogle, Rev. Daniel Bell, William Bell, Lewis White and F. A. Claridge. The hall in which the lodge met was burned in 1881, with all the records, so that little of the data of its earlier history is ob- tainable. The lodge was re-organized Dec. 3, 1881, with the following officers: J. C. Noble, W. M.; H.C.Terry, S. W.; L. H. Slaten, J. W.; N. T. Rodgers, S. D.; J. K. Cadwallader, J. D.; J. F. Curtis, secretary; A. Swantzmiller, tyler. The officers for 1885 are: J. K. Cadwallader, W. M.; J. S. Williams, 8. W.; J. A. Flautt, J. W.; J. C. Noble, Treas.; S. W. Rodgers, Sec. The pres- ent membership is now 28. The finan- cial condition of the lodge is most ex- cellent. Meetings are held once a month. BAND. Barber's cornet band was organized on the 4th day of Dec, 18S0, by H. K. Bar- ber, with the following members : R. S. Bell, J. A. Barber, Charles W. Noble, George W. Noble, L. T. Waggoner, and H. K. Barber. Since then there have been some changes in membership, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 301 though the number remains the same. The band at present contains the follow- ing new members : T. Herman Kirch- ner, Caleb C. Calhoun, W. C. Rogers. This band has held regular meetings for over four years, and under the efficient leadership of H. K. Barber, who is also instructor, they have made good prog- ress and are now able to furnish good music when called upon. EDUCATIONAL. The present school house of Otter- ville was built in 1873 and 1874. The building in size is 28x66 feet in the main portion, with an annex 18x20. It is (•(instructed of stone, is two stories high, and cost $S,(HX). The first term of school in this building was taught by Mrs. Hannah H. Devol and Frances Dibble. The school year consists .if eight months. There are 106 pupils en- rolled, and the cost of maintaining this institution of learning is $1,000 per year. The present teachers are Will Hanly and Elizabeth Godfrey. RELIGIOUS. The Otterville Presbyterian church was organized March 19, 1885, with ten members. The Otter Creek Baptist church was organized in June, 1855, by Revs. B. B. Hamilton, D. P. French, R. C. Keele, Aaron Dodson, and Elder John Brown. Shiloh M. E. church was built in IS.")',). A full history of these religious bod- ies is given in the chapter devoted to ecclesiastical history. CHAPTER XIX. QUARRY TOWNSHIP. This civil sub-division of Jersey county embraces congressional fractional T. 6 n., R, 12 and 13 w., and is bounded on the north by Rosedale and Otter Creek townships, on the east by Elsah, and on the south and west by the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. This township is perhaps most worthy of notice on account of the outcropping of the Niagara group of the Lower Silurian limestone, which is quarried so exten- sively here, and which gives to the town- ship its name of Quarry. There is some good farm land in the township, but the surface of the country is generally so rugged and uneven that a large part of it must remain untried by the hand and implements of the agriculturist. The town of Grafton, in the south part of the township, which stretches along the north bank of the Mississippi river, near the mouth of the Illinois, affords an excellent trading place, as well as post- office facilities to the citizens of the township. There are several small streams running through the township, flowing into the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Long lake and Deep lake pro- ject into this township from Rosedale, on Sec. 5, R. 13. Gilbert lake lies right 302 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUIS TY. alongside the Illinois river, on Sees. 14 and 15, R. 13. Many interesting historical items have their origin in this township, which are duly noticed further on in this chapter, or in their proper place in the general chapters. George Finney located near the Illi- nois river, in the south part of what is now Quarry township, in 1819. He had been a soldier in the regular army, and after his discharge, in St. Louis, came up. and made the settlement mentioned. In the latter part of the year 1826, he entered land on Sec. 15, T. 6, R. 13, and on Sec. 8, T. 6, R. 12. Sanford Hughes also located in what is now Quarry township, in 1819. He had been a companion-in-arms of Geo. Finney, and on their discharge, at St. Louis, had come up, and located on the Illinois river bottom land. David Gilbert and John Stafford were also settlers of 1819, locating, with their former comrades of the regular service, Finney and Hughes, on the bottom land of the Illinois river, in what is now Quarry township. A man named Babcock settled in the southeastern corner of what is now Quarry township, about 1819. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812. Babb's Hollow took its name from him. Bab- cock died at this place. A man named Copeland also came up with the four mentioned, and settled in the south part of Quarry township. He had also been a soldier in the United States service. William D. F. Slaten was a settler of 1829, coming in March of that year. William D. F. Slaten, one of the ear- liest settlers of Jersey county, was born in Jackson county, Ga., in 1808. He came to Illinois in 1822, locating four miles southwest of ( larrollton, in Greene county. Seven years later he moved to Quarry township, Jersey county, living here until 1831, when he returned to Greene county, and remained two years, then moved back to Quarry township, and after two years (in 1835) again re- turned to Greene county. In 1836 he came back to Jersey county, where he has since resided. He first settled on a farm in Quarry township, but remained there only a short time, moving to Grafton the same year. He lived at Grafton about six years, during which time he held the offices of constable, collector and deputy sheriff. In 1842 he moved to section 36 of Otter Creek township, where he lived until 1848. In the fall of that year he returned to Grafton, and was there partner in a gen- eral mercantile business, one year. Then he removed to a farm two miles northeast of Grafton, which was his home until 1852. In that year he moved to section 1, Quarry township, remain- ing here two years, then again returned to Grafton, but soon after returned to his farm on section 1, where he now resides. He was married in Aug., 1831, to Irene West, born in Kentucky in 1817. They have had 13 children born to them, nine of whom are now living. Mr. Slaten was for many years a prom- inent and leading citizen ofthis county, and is now held in much esteem. Woodberry Massey settled on the present site of Grafton about 1830. He afterwards moved to Otter Creek, and opened a store. Nicholas Kesling came to what is now Quarry township in 1832. He was HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ;;'):: probably the first German settler in the township. Among other early settlers were also, George Pixley, Joseph Marshall, Judah Warner and Joseph Marsha vv. OTHER PROMINENT PEOPLE. A. N. Thoromanisa son of James and Sophia Thoroman, and was born in Ohio, in 1848. When a child of four years he was brought to Jersey county by Thomas Wedding, who settled at Rosedale. He remained with Mr. Wedding until 24 years of age, working upon a farm. In 1868 he was married to Harriet Richardson, a native of this county. She died in 1869. Jan. 25, 1873, he was married to Laura F. Brown, daughter of William S. and Amanda Brown. They have four children — Al- pheus \\\, born May 12, 1874; Ollie, born March 1, 1875; Ruth A., born Feb. 24, 1879; Mamie, born J.uly 29, 1882, and died Oct. 6, 1883; and Spalding M., born April 24, 1885. Mamie is buried in Hartford cemetery. Mr. Thoroman owns 40 acres of land, and carries on general farming. He is a member of the Christian church, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal church. Seth Burris, an enterprising farmer of Jersey county, came here in 1856, and settled on Coon creek, where he lived four years. He then removed to his present location, on section 2, Quarry township. He owns a valuable and well improved farm, comprising 120 acres, 55 of which is improved, and 65 wood- land. Seth Burris was born in the state of Kentucky in 1827, and is a son of Job and Sarah (Hendricks) Burris, both of whom died in Madison county, 111. He was married, Oct. 24, 1850, to Rhoda Whitlock, a native of Jersey county. Five of their children are living — Ben- jamin, who lives in Kansas; John, in Minnesota; Margaret E., wife of Henry A. Kruger, of York, Neb.; Henry Grantus, married, and living at York, Neb.; and Charles Perry, livingat home. Mrs. Burris died in in 1S77, and mi the 16th of October, 1878, Mr. Burris was married to Sarah Jane Keyser, a native of Kentucky. Mr. Burris opposes the manufacture and sale of liquors, oleo- margarine, butterine, glucose, and all such articles, and always votes against such when the opportunity offers. Spalding E. Brown came to Jersey county when cpuite young, accompany- ing his parents, William S. and Amanda (Durandj Brown. They settled at Grafton. Spalding E. Brown was born in DuPage county, 111., in 1849. He received a good education, attending the district schools of Grafton, and later a select school taught by Prof. Atchison, of Chicago, under whose tuition he con- tinued six months. lie afterwards at- tended another select school at Fideli- ty, fully preparing himself for the im- portant work of teaching, which he be- gan at Deer Plain, Calhoun county, 111., teaching there two terms of six months each. Since then lie has taught one term at Union school; the same at Snow school house, during which the building was destroyed by fire, in the middle of the six months term; one term at Teneriffe school; the same at Rosedale, Farmer's school house, Ger- man school house, Washington and Pleasant Cove schools. He has, most of the time, followed teaching during the winter and farming in the summer seasons. He was married Feb. 1, 1873, 304 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. to Anna M. Journey, • daughter of Samuel Journey, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are the parents of one child — Carrie E. Mr. Brown has served as road supervisor one term. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, also of the Masonic fraternity. He is the owner of a farm of 90 acres, located in Quarry township. His parents now reside in Fieldon, Rose- dale township, in this county. Samuel P. Dinsmoor, a prominent aad leading farmer of Quarry township, is of Scotch, English and French extrac- tion. He is the seventh from John Dinsmoor, who went from Scotland to Ireland, and settled in the county of Antrim, and the sixth from John, who came to America in 1720, and settled in what is now Windham, N. H. He is the eighth from George Little, who came from England in 1840, and settled in Newbury, Mass. His father's mother was a Little. His mother's father's father was a Frenchman, and lived in Canada. His mother's mother was a Cleveland, and he is the ninth genera- tion from Moses Cleveland, the emi- grant, and sixth cousin to President Grover Cleveland. He has the geneal- ogies of the Dinsmoor, Little and Cleve- land families. His father, William A. Dinsmoor, was born in Chester, New Hampshire, Oct. 3, 1814, and married to Laodicea Tubbs. The latter is now liv- ingin Coolville, Ohio. William A. Dins- liiiini died in that state Sept. 6, 1884. The subject of this sketch was born in Athens county, Ohio, March 8, 1843, and reared upon a farm near Coolville, where he attended school. When the civil war broke out, he enlisted in the HGth Ohio Vol. Inf., and served three years, participating in 18 battles, among which were: Moorefield, Jan. 3, 1863; Win- chester, June 12, 13 and 14, 1863; Pied- mont, June 5, 1864; Lynchburg, June 18, 1864; Occoquan, Sept. 19; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 22, 1864; Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864; Hatch's Run, March 31, 1865; Ft. Gregg, April 2, 1865; Farmville, April 6and7, 1865; and surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. He returned from the army to his home in Ohio, where he remained, engaged in farming, one year, then came to Illinois in the fall of 1866, and spent three months in Bond county, after which he became a resident of this county, where he has since lived. He first settled at Rosedale, and during the winter of 1869 and 1870, taught school at the Williams' school house. He con- tinued teaching five terms. Aug. 24, 1870, he was married to Mrs. Frances (Barlow) Journey, widow of Samuel Journey, and daughter of Martin B. Barlow, of Kentucky. By this union there are five children — Charles A., James F., Samuel A., Thomas B., and Laura E. Mrs. Dinsmoor had four chil- dren by her former marriage, three of whom are living — William H. Journey, Alice M. Journey, Addie L. Journey, who died in April, 1881, and Carrie M. Journey. Mr. Dinsmoor owns 341 acres of land, 150 of which is bottom land. His business is general farming. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and has been school trustee six years. Pre- vious to the death of Mr. Dinsmoor's father, in 1884, a death had not occurred in the family for 38 years, the last one being that of his eldest brother, in 1846. Mr. Dinsmoor is a gentleman of superior intelligence, and an honored citizen. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 30c Enoch W. Wallace, of Quarry town- ship, is a veteran of two wars, having served in the war with Mexico, in 1S46, as a member of the 3d U. S. Dragoons, continuing in the service until the close of the war, and in 1861, enlisted in Co. D, of the 61st 111. Inf., and served three years and three months, in the war of the Rebellion. He enlisted as orderly sergeant, serving in that capac- ity till Sept. 3, 1862, when he was pro- moted to the rank of second lieutenant. He resigned his commission in Febru- ary, 1865, and during the last month of his service acted as captain of Co. A, of the same regiment. He participated in engagements at Shiloh, Murfrees- boro, Vicksburg, Little Rock, Frank- lin, Nashville, and other points, and was a gallant soldier, never shrinking from duty and always at his post. Mr. Wallace was born in Davis county, Ind., in the year 1830. He is a son of Cole- man C. and Sarah (Chapman) Wallace, the former a native of Indiana, who died in that State; the latter is still liv- ing there. Enoch was brought up on a farm and remained with his parents in Indiana until the date of his enlistment in the Mexican war. At the close of the war he came to Jersey county, ar- riving at Andrews' Landing, three- fourths of a mile above the mouth of the Illinois river. He settled at that time near Otterville, where he lived one year, then moved to Graham Hollow, and remained until the spring of 1852. He then purchased a farm three miles north of Grafton, on which he resided a short time, removing from thence to Otter Creek. In 1855 he removed to Christian county, and in 1857 returned to this county and located near Grafton, and has since that time been a resi- dent of this vicinity. He was married in Feb. 1849, to Julia A. Bray, daughter of Isaac Bray, of Quarry township. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace are the parents of nine children — Eli M., living on a farm near Grafton; Elijah S., in Graf- ton; William T., engaged in farming in this township; Rosa S., wife of Rupert. Claridge, editor of the Stockman, at San Antonio, Tex.; Alford J., living in Grafton; Alice J., wife of William Hol- brook, of Macoupin county; Enoch \\\, Perry A., and I. Newton, living at home with their parents. Mr. Wallace owns a good farm of 80 acres, and is a member of the G. A. R. William Williams (deceased), an early settler and wealthy farmer of Quarry township, was born in Scioto county, Ohio, and was a son of Robert Williams. He came to Jersey county in 1835 and settled at Camden, where he lived three years and then removed to a farm eight miles west of that place. He resided here until his death, which occurred in 1868. He was the owner of 1,000 acres of land. He was married in 1836 to Sidney Darnell, who was born in Ken- tucky. Three of their children are now living — Nelson, William and Elvira, wife of Martin Fox, of Grafton. Nelson Williams, eldest son of William and Sidney (Darnell) Williams, was born in Jersey county in 1810. He was brought up and educated in this county. In 1862 he was married to Adaline Stafford, daughter of John Stafford, of this county. They are the parents of five children — Lula May, Ollie Bird, Ivy Myrtle, Grace V., and Elva L. In 1878 Mr. Williams went to Pawnee county, Kan., and settled on a homestead which 306 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. he improved and lived upon one year. He returned to Jersey county in the fall of 1SS1 and rented the farm of Thomas Thompson, seven miles west of Grafton, where he now resides. Mr. Williams -was in the army three years during the war of the Rebellion, enlist- ing in 1862 in the 97th 111. Inf. He par- ticipated in the battles of Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, siege of Blakeley, Chickasaw Bluff, Black River Bridge and siege of Jackson. J. N. Noble, son of George and Sarah I Swan ) Noble, was born in Quarry town- ship in 1849. His childhood and youth were spent on the farm where he now lives. In 1869 he went to California and remained 14 months, during which time he was engaged in farming. In 1872 he was married to Ida Ellis, a na- tive of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Noble have three children — George E., Clar- ence, and Ida May. Mr. Noble owns 63 acres of land and carries on general farming. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F. His father, George Noble, died in Quarry township in 1856, and is buried near Otterville. His mother, Sarah Noble, died in 1862, and is buried at the same place. Antoine DeFossa is a native of Can- ada, and a son of Spray and Rojenia DeFossa, both natives of Canada. He was born in the year 1832, and in his youth worked upon a farm. At the age of 20 years he went to Monticello, Can- ada, to learn the baker's trade, at which he worked three years. He then went to St. Paul, Minn., where he spent 18 months, then engaged as cook on board a steamboat, following that occupation three months, after which he came to Jersey county. Here he worked at chopping wood and various employ- ments until 1861, when he moved to Grafton, where he worked by the day about 15 years. He then moved to the farm of Henry Eastman, on which he still lives. He was married in 1858 to Eliza Jane Vanantrop, who was born in Tennessee. They have three children — Josephine, Catherine and Charles. Mr. DeFossa is at present serving as school director. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the I. 0. O. F., and as a citizen is highly esteemed. Charles M. Chase owns and resides upon a farm of 200 acres, located on section 12, Quarry township, where he settled in 1871. He was born in Meigs county, O., in 1828, and is a son of Charles C. and Mary P. (Holt) Chase; the former a native of Maine, and the latter of Canada. Charles M. lived upon a farm with his parents until 1851. In that year he went to Califor- nia and remained one year, engaged in a sawmill, then returned east to Ohio, where he lived one year. He next went to Iowa, and two years later to Kansas. He remained there one year, after which he went to Catlettsburg, Ky., there engaging in the drug busi- ness, continuing the same three years; then removed to Clark county, 111., in the spring of 1862, and there followed farming until 1871. Mr. Chase was married in 1859, to Melinda McKee, a native of Lyons county, 0. They have one child — Frank M., who now lives with his parents. Mr. Chase is a mem- ber of Masonic order. Charles C. Chase, father of the subject of this sketch, died in Rutland, 0., in 1857. His widow, Mrs. Mary (Holt) Chase, survived until 1882, when she died at the same place. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ;;, and settled in Grafton, where he engaged in the drug business, continuing the same until his death, which occur- red Nov. 6, 1878. He was married Oct. '27, 1863, to Mary Ellen Hewitt, a native of England. They had five children, three of whom are living — Mary Eliza- beth, wife of H. E. Budicell, of Rush Centre, Kan., Anna Viola and George Curtis. Those deceased are — Joseph II., who died June 15, 1874, and Alma May, who died Aug. 13, 1877. Mr. Lund was a member of the I. O. O. F.. and is buried in the Odd Fellows' cemetery ;it Grafton. William R. Hewitt was born in the city of Alton in 1857. His parents, Jo- seph and Hannah (Read) Hewitt, were natives of England, who came to Amer- ica in 1849 and settled at Alton. Wil- liam R. received a good education, at- tending the graded schools of Alton, and later Shurtleff College, at Upper Alton, taking a commercial course. In 1877 he came to Grafton and entered the drug store of his brother-in-law, C. W. Lund, who died in 1878. Since that time Mr. Hewitt has carried on the busi- ness, and is now enjoying a thriving trade. As a business man he is popu- lar and successful. He has been a mem- ber of the town board one year, and served as township clerk two years. He belongs to the I. 0. O. F. Among the leading firms of Grafton is that of Allen & Rippley, dealers in hardware, stoves and furniture. The members of the firm are W. H. Allen, Jr., and Frank Rippley. They are doing a fine business in these lines, and carry a stock of tinware, cutlery, guns, pistols, ammunition, fishing tackle, pic- tures, frames in addition, and do the principal business in tin roofing. The business was established Aug. 1, 1881. Their building is 23x70 feet, two stories high, and is constructed of stone. Frank Rippley, of the firm of Allen & Rippley, is the son of George and Helen (Sume) Rippley, natives of Baden, Ger- many. Frank Rippley was born in Booneville, Mo., Dec. 15, 1857. He went to -St. Louis Sept. 15, 1873, and learned the tinner's trade. He came to Grafton, 111., Oct. 3, 1876, and worked for Brook Stafford at the tinner's trade until Feb. 4, 1878, when he bought the stove and tin business of B. Stafford, and continued the business for himself. Aug. 1, 1881, William H. Allen, Jr., bought an interest in the business, and became a partner. They then moved in a large building, and opened a general store, consisting of hardware, stoves, tinware, furniture and house furnishing HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. ;;n goods of all kinds, and have continued the business up to the present time. They keep a full stock of goods on hand always, and bear the reputation of being one of the best and most accom- modating firms in Jersey county. The carriage and wagon making in- dustry is represented by F. Stinman, who established the same in the fall of 1868. BANK OF GRAFTON. This monetary institution was estab- lished in October, 1869, by W. 11. Allen and E. A. Pinero, and was operated by them as a private concern until 1878, when W. H. Allen succeeded the above named firm. On the 5th of July, 1883, the present management assumed con- trol. The directors are W. H. Allen, C. P. Stafford and E. Meysenburg. Ernst Meysenburg, cashier of the Grafton bank, was born in Rhine prov- ince, Prussia, and is a son of F. W . and Johannah (Schniitz) Meysenburg; tin' latter died in Germany, in 1853, and the former came to America in 1857, and settled in St. Louis, where he died 10 years later. The subject of this sketch came to America in 1855, accompanying his uncle, Theodore Kim in, who had been a dry goods merchant in St. Louis, until 1849; the latter had come to Amer- ica in 1835. In 1855 he returned to Europe for a visit, and on coming back to St. Louis, brought with him, Ernst, who was then a lad of 13 years. His uncle had settled on a farm, afterwards laid out by him and called Kimmswick, a station 20 miles below St. Louis, on the Iron Mountain railroad. There Ernst remained two years on a farm. He then went to St. Louis, and engaged as clerk in a wholesale house. The firm by whom he was employed failed in 1858, and he returned to Kimmswick, ami went to work for his uncle, opening a store of general merchandise. In the fall of 1859, he went to St. Louis, and entered the employ of J*>seph Gray, a retail hatter, with whom he continued until the fall of 1860. At that date he went to Sulphur Springs, as agent for the Iron Mountain railroad company, and the Pilot Knob iron company. A few months later he enlisted as private in Co. E, 2d Mo. Cav., and served until 1865, the latter two years as 1st sergeant. He then went to work in a wholesale hat establishment in St. Louis, continu- ing there two years, after which he formed a partnership with Henry East- man, and engaged in general merchan- dising at Grafton, Jersey county, 111. This partnership continued four years, when B. J. Smith took the place of Mr. Eastman, the firm becoming Meysen- burg A Smith. In 1876, C. P. Stafford became a partner in the firm, which re- mained unchanged until 1879, then Mr. Smith retired, the firm becoming Mey- senburg & Stafford. In August, 1883, Mr. Meysenburg disposed of his mer- cantile interests, to assume the position which he now occupies, as cashier of the bank. He was married in Grafton, Oct. 7, 1869, to Mary H. Fichner, daughter of of James Fichner, of Graf- ton. She was born at Wheeling, Va. They are the parents of four children — Fannie, Nannie, Edith and Clara. Mr. Meysenburg has served two years upon the board of supervisors, and has been school trustee, and president of the town board, two terms. He is the owner of a comfortable residence in Grafton, and is interested in the Grafton bank and 312 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. quarries. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F. HOTELS. The Valley House was established in 1871 by W. S. Dempsey. At that time the building* was a two-story frame structure, 30x40 feet in size. In 1873 the building was torn down and rebuilt. It is now a two-story frame, 50x75 feet in dimensions, and contains about 20 sleeping rooms. It is a well kept house and is situated on Main street, in the business part of the town. William S. Dempsey, of Grafton, was born in the northern part of Ireland, in 1844, and is a son of Hugh and Sarah (Agnew) Dempsey, natives of Ireland. In 1846 William immigrated with his parents to America, and settled in East- ern Pennsylvania, and in 1852 removed to the city of Philadelphia. There they remained two years, then came to Jer- sey county and located at Grafton, where William S. has resided the greater part of the time since. In 1868 he opened a saloon, and in 1871 built the Valley House and began keeping hotel, which he still continues. In 1864 he drove an ox team across the plains to Virginia City, Nevada. In the fall of the same year he drove the first team ever driven down Prickly Pear Valley, and camped in "Last Chance" gulch, where Helena is now located. His brother, James A. Dempsey, was at that time employed by the government as inter- preter on the Snake River Indian reser- vation. James A. Dempsey was massa- cred by the Indians in Idaho, in June, 1874. William remained in Montana three years, then returned home, via the Missouri river, with a party of 52 men, on board the Mackinaw, arriving at (1 rafton in the fall of 1867. Mr. Dempsey was married in 1871, to Jane Brower, daughter of William and Lucy Brower, of Ulster county, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Dempsey have three children — W. H., Gideon, and Christina. His father, Hugh Dempsey, died in 1855, and was buried in St. Patrick's cemetery in Phil- adelphia. His remains were in 1874, removed to the Catholic cemetery at Jerseyville. Mrs. Sarah Dempsey died in 1872, and was buried in Jerseyville. The Ruebel Hotel is a fine three-story brick structure, with stone foundation, 76x71 feet in ground area, and is oper- ated by its founder, Michael Ruebel. It contains 32 rooms, in addition to the parlor, office, billiard, store and dining rooms, the latter being 28x38 feet in dimensions. There is also a kitchen 20x20 feet in size. The structure was commenced during the winter of 1884, and when completed will cost about $7,000, being the finest and largest hotel in Jersey county. A fine view of the Mississippi river is had from two veran- das, parlor and several sleeping apart- ments. The hotel is convenient to bus- iness, newly furnished, and is also to be supplied with fire escapes upon com- pletion. It is well kept by Mr. Ruebel, who provides abundantly for the com- fort and convenience of his guests. Michael Ruebel, son of Peter and Barbara (Hoffman) Ruebel, is a native of Bavaria, Germany, born in the year 1834. When 16 years old he came to America and settled at Green point, Long Island, where he remained 18 months; then went to Zanesville, O., and, eight months later, to St. Louis, Mo. He resided in St. Louis till the spring of 1863, at which time he came HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 313 to Grafton. Here he worked three years at the cooper's trade, then engag- ed in keeping saloon. In 1879 he began keeping a hotel, which he still con- tinues. In 1S55 he was united in mar- riage with Margaret Maurer, daughter of Leonard Maurer, of St. Louis. Eight children have been born to them, five of whom are living — Michael, George, Charles, Louisa, and Sherman. Christian died at the age of six years, and two died in infancy. Mr. Ruebel served four months in the army, during the war of the Rebellion. He is a re- publican in politics, and has been school trustee three terms. He owns 20 acres of land, and hotel property, a saloon, residence and two lots in Grafton. Mr. Ruebcl's parents are deceased, his mother having died in Germany, in 1856, and his father, in Ohio, in 1867. The Grafton House is operated by Martin Flanigan, who commenced business in 1869. The house at that time was a two-story frame, 12x24 feet in size. In 1872 he remodeled the building and enlarged it to 24x38 feet, and as his business demanded larger accommodations still, he accordingly built an addition in 1883, 26x38 feet in dimensions. At present the house con- tains 22 sleeping apartments. Mr. Flanigan also operates a livery and feed stable in connection with the hotel. Martin Flanigan, proprietor of a hotel and saloon at Grafton, was born in county Limerick, Ireland, in 1841, and is a son of James and Jane (Kane) Flanigan, both natives of Ireland. At or about the age of 20 years, Mar- tin came to America and settled in Washington, D. C, where he remained till the spring of 1866. He then re- moved to St. Louis and remained in that city until 1869, at which time he came to Grafton, and engaged in his present business. Mr. Flanigan was married in 1862 to Mary C. Eight children have been born to them, five of whom are living— Jane, wife of Mr. Fitzgibbons, of Grafton; John. Mary A., Margaret T., and Martin J. Those deceased were— Catherine, Catherine Helen, and Johanna. They are buried in the Catholic cemetery. Mr. Flani- gan owns his business property and a residence in the town of Grafton, and is in prosperous circumstances. He and his wife are members of the Catho- lic church. His mother, Mrs. Jane Flanigan, died in Ireland in 1863. His father, James Flanigan, died in the city of Philadelphia in 1883. John A. McClintock, jeweler at Graf- ton, came to this town and established his present business in 1874. He was born in St Clair county, 111., in 1845, and is a son of James McClintock, a native of Bourbon county, Ky. His mother was formerly a Miss Glass, of St. Clair county, 111. John resided in bis native county until 1851, then with his parents removed to Hancock county, of the same state. In 1863 he went to Quincy, 111., and there learned the jeweler's trade with E. B. Tobin. Mr. McClintock thoroughly understands his business, and has a thriving trade. In April, 1882, he established the News and still owns the office, although it is under the editorial control of C. P. Edeall. Among the mechanics of Grafton, is R. R. Nugent, the cooper, who is an excellent workman in his line, and has a good patronage. 314 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. R. R. Nugent came to Graft on from Williamstown, West Virginia, in the spring of 1865, since which time he has been a resident here. He was born in ( >hio, in 1833. and is a son of David and Margaret J. (Eccles) Nugent, both natives of Pennsylvania. He resided in ( Ihio until he was '28 years of age, there learning the cooper's trade. He then went to Williamstown, Va., where he remained until the date at which he came to Grafton, and engaged there at his trade. Since coining here he has followed the same occupation princi- pally. He was married Dec. 6, 1863, in Williamstown, to Mary C. West, a native of West Virginia. She died Dec. 6, 1864, just one year from the date of her marriage. Nov. 27, 1881, Mr. Nugent was married to Mrs. Elizabeth J. Grubb, widow of George Grubb, of Otterville, 111. There is one child by this marriage — Leslie Milton. Mr. Nugent is a member of the Christian church, and his wife of the M. E. church. His mother, Mrs. Margaret J. Nugent, died in Grafton, Oct 6, 1865, and was buried in the old cemetery. His father, David Nugent, is living, and resides with him at Grafton. Andrew Young, the barber, of Graf- ton, was born in Prussia. Pel). 10, 1847, and is the youngest of the five sons of Anthony Young. The latter was born in Prussia, Jan. 1, 1812. In 1852, An- drew came with his parents to America, landed at New Orleans, thence went to Pomeroy, Ohio, where he remained until 1867. He then went to Cincinnati, having acquired the tonsorial art while living at Pomeroy. He followed that business until January, 1865, when he enlisted in the 187th Ohio Vol. Inf. He served three months, participating in the skirmish of Resacca. He was mustered out at Macon, Ga., in Dec, 1865, and returned to Cincinnati, where he followed his former occupation until 1870. At that time he engaged as bar- ber on board the steamer "Northwest- ern." He was employed in that capac- ity until the fall of the same year, when he came to Grafton, Jersey county, 111., where he has since resided. Mr. Young was married to Jane Redd, Feb. 17, 1874. She was born in 1854, and died Feb. 7, 1882. Mr. Young is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. lodge, No. 449, of Grafton, and, politically, is a repub- lican. POSTOFFICE. The postoffice at Grafton was estab- lished in 1834, and Paris Mason was commissioned postmaster, who held that position until his death, in 1851. The succession of postmasters since Mr. Mason are as follows: W. H. Allen, E. Brinton, S. Farrington and G. M. Slaten. the present incumbent, who was appointed in Jan., 1883. It was made a money order office in July, 1883. Mail is received daily from Jerseyville by stage. There is also mail three times a week each way by rail. George Newton Slaten, one of the business men of Grafton, is a son of John W. and Ann (Piggott) Slaten. John W. Slaten was born in Georgia, and his wife, Ann, in Missouri. George N. was born in Jersey county, Oct. 6, 1844, and remained with his parents until 21 years of age. He received a good education, attending the district schools, and, later, Lebanon College. In 1871 lie went west, and spent two years in the states of Texas and Nebraska HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 317 returning in 1873. The same year he was elected constable, and served in that capacity eight years. In 1878 he was elected to the office of collector, which he filled seven years, and is now the present incumbent. In 1883 he was appointed postmaster at Grafton. He opened the lumber yard, which he now carries on, in 1877. He is the owner of 700 acres of rough land in Jersey county, 220 acres of which is in cultiva- tion, the remainder in pasture. Mr. Slaten is clerk of the board of school directors; also clerk and treasurer of the town of Grafton. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and permanent secre- tary of Silurian Lodge, No. 44'.), of such order. REPRESENTATIVE MEN.. The following will give the readers an idea of the class of citizens who give to Grafton its name, for enterprise and in- telligence: Rev. John T. Huffman was born near Paris, Edgar county, 111., in 1S47, and is a son of James and Phebe (Tiffin) Huff- man, the former, a native of Virginia, and the latter, of Ohio. At the age of 20 years, John entered McKendree Col- lege, and was for a part of two years a student in that institution. He then spent one year in traveling in the east. In 1870 he was licensed to preach by the Methodist Episcopal Conference, and entered upon his duties in Mont- gomery county, 111. He preached 10 years in this state, then went to Arkan- sas, and joined the Little Rock Confer- ence. Six months later he was trans- ferred to the Arkansas Conference, and continued to preach there a few months, when, on account of the ill health of his family, he returned to Illinois. Here he labored with the Free Methodist Conference of Illinois, two years. At the expiration of that period he became connected with the Southern Illinois Conference, and began his labors at Grafton, where he now preaches. Mr. Huffman is an able and talented preach- er, and a faithful and successful worker in the vineyard of the Master. He was united in marriage, in 1870, with Rosa Bell Potter, of Grand Rapids, Mich., who died in 1871. They had one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Huffman was again married Aug. 9, 1875. to Elizabeth Funston, of Livingston, 111. She died Dec. 9, of the same year. Nov. 23, 1S7(>, he was married to Rosa Lane, of Staun- ton, 111. By this union there were four children, three of whom are now living — Nellie B., Phebe Maud, and Lucy C. Sarah A. died in infancy. Mr. Huff- man's father died at Memphis, Tenn., in 1864, while in the service of his country. His mother is still living. Silas Farrington was born Dee. 26, lso:;, at Belchertown, Mass. At the age of 14 years he entered a cotton null, and spent two years in learning to operate the machinery, then engaged as a spinner. After one year he was placed in charge of the spinning room, as over- seer, which position he occupied four years. He then went to Dorchester, six miles from Boston, where he learned the carpenter's trade, working one and a half years, for which he received the sum of $150. He became in that time a skilled workman, and then com- manded the highest wages. In 1825 he went to Roxbury, Mass., where he resided 11 years, engaged in working for different parties. He was there married, in 1828, to Elizabeth Kelly. In ;;is HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. the fall of 1836 he moved to Bloomfield, Conn., four and a half miles from the city of Hartford, where he purchased a farm, and carried on farming in connec- tion with working at his trade, at which he had constant employment. He con- tinued there four years, then moved to Hartford, built a residence and lived in that city 14 years. In the winter of 1852-3 he went to Washington, D. C, and remained eight months, employed by the Washington Stone Company upon the Washington monument. In 1854 he moved to Trenton, N. J., where he built a residence. Mrs. Farrington died at Trenton, Feb. 5, 1855. The fol- lowing October, Mr. Farrington re- moved to St. Louis, Mo., and three years later, came to Grafton, Jersey county, and opened the first stone quarry ever opened at that point. He quarried the stone used in the construc- tion of the bridges at St. Louis, Quincy and Meredosia, also of the first Lindell hotel of St. Louis. He continued this business till 187(1, when he was ap- pointed postmaster at Grafton, which position he held seven years, during which he was engaged in the furniture business. The latter he sold in 1883, since which he has run a repair shop, repairing furniture. Mr. Farrington was married in 1856 to Frances Marten, who died at Grafton, July 17, 1873, and Dec. 24, 1875, he was married to Eliza- beth Johnston. He had by his first marriage, two children, one of whom, Silas, Jr., is now a minister of the Uni- tarian church, engaged in preaching at Manchester, Eng. Mr. Farrington is a member of the Universalist church, also of Charter Oak lodge, I. 0. O. F., at Hartford, Conn., and of the encamp- ment. He is a man of sterling qualities and enjoys the confidence and respect of the entire community. Brook Stafford, a wealthy and prom- inent citizen of Grafton, settled here in the spring of 1836 and engaged in black- smithing, being the first to engage in that business in Grafton. He was born in New Jersey, Dec. 10, 1808, and is a son of David and Sylvia (Eaton | Stafford. Brook Stafford was married in 1826, to Mary Ann Hilliard, a native of Philadel- phia, and by this union had seven children — David C, living in Grafton; Christopher P., also in Grafton; Israel, who died in 1855; Mary J., wife of George Thomas, of Grafton; Elizabeth, wife of M. Jones, of Grafton; Sarah L., wife of John Brown, of this county; and Brook, who died in Leadville, Col., in 1881. Mrs. Stafford died in 1850. Two years later Mr. Stafford was married to Arty Ballard, of Jersey county. She died in 1853, and the following year he was mar- ried to Nancy Parker, of Greene county. By this marriage there were two child- ren — Ida Blanche, now wife of Samuel Leggett, of Jersey county, and John P. In 1869 Mr. Stafford was again bereaved by the death of his wife, and in 1871 he was married to Mrs. Maria Leper, widow of William Leper, of Greene county. By this last union there is one child — Lena May. Mr. Stafford owns 500 acres of land, also residence and business prop- erty in Grafton. He is a member of the M. E. church and of the Masonic fra- ternity. For 25 years he has served as justice of the peace, and is a highly respected and useful citizen. James Mason, deceased, one of the earliest settlers of Grafton, Jersey county, 111., was born at Grafton, HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 319 Mass., in July, 1783, and died in St. Louis July 5, 1834. When a young man he went to Portsmouth, N. H., and after two or three years, went to sea. being engaged in trade with the West Indies for a number of years. He then went to New York city and became a partner in the wholesale gro- cery firm of Hancock & .Mason. The firm subsequently failed, and Mr. Mason came west, locating at Edwards- ville, Madison county, 111., where he engaged in the real estate business. He was one of the prominent men of this vicinity, and assisted in laying out the city of Springfield. He was married Aug. 15, 1818, in St. Louis, to Sarah Von I'bul. a sister of Henry Von Phul, who, at the time of his death, was the oldest merchant in St. Louis, being up- wards of 90 years. Mr. and Mrs. Ma- son were the parents of one child — Martha M., now the wife of William H. Allen, of Grafton. Mrs. Mason died Sept. 18, 1867, at the home of her daughter, in Grafton. William Murphy, son of Jesse and Ellen (Mathews) Murphy, was born in the state of Ohio, in 1830. He resided in his native state until Sept., 1857, at which time he came to Jersey county and engaged in farming in Quarry town- ship. In Feb., 18G4, he enlisted in the service of his country, and served 18 months; then, at the close of the war, returned to Jersey county, and resumed farming. He continued that occupation until 1882, when, on account of failing health, he retired from active labor and moved to Grafton, where he now lives. He was married in 1857, to Cynthia Lawrence, a native of Ohio, and by this union had seven children — William T., who now resides on a farm in this county; Rachel E., Miner E., Carrie M., James M., Eary N. and Jesse A. April 22, 1879, Mrs. Murphy died, and in 1884, Mr. Murphy was married to Celia Myers, a native of Indiana. Mr. Murphy owns residence property in the village of Grafton, and on account of disability, contracted while in the army, draws a pension from the govern- ment. He has served three years as school director and is a highly respected citizen. William S. Brinton, a retired merchant of Grafton, was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1885. He came to Jersey county in 1858, and located at Newbern. Three years later he moved to Grafton, where be has since been a res- ident. For the first eight years of his residence here, he was employed in teaching school. He then entered the store of Grady & Co. as clerk, with whom he remained until 1874. At that time he purchased their stock of goods, and engaged in merchandising, which he continued until 18X5, when he retired from the business. He was married, in the year 1860, to Miss E. J. Spaulding, daughter of Richard Spaulding, of this county. They have four children — Harry E., Eftie May, William R. and Alford. Mr. Brinton is a member and an earnest worker of the M. E. church, and has been for three years superin- tendent of the Sunday school. Mis. Brinton is also a member of that church . He has held the office of marshal two years, and school director 10 years. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and the I. O. O. F. William I. Bray is a son of Isaac and Rosanna (White) Bray. Isaac Bray 320 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUN IT. came to Jersey county in 1831, and lo- cated two miles northeast of Grafton, where he improved a # farm. He was born in North Carolina, in 1792, and married to Rosanna White, who was born in the same state in 1822. Isaac Bray died in this county, in 1872, and is buried in the Odd Fellows' cemetery, mar Grafton. His wife survived until 1876, when she died, and was laid to rest beside her husband. They were consistent members of the Baptist church. Isaac Bray was one of the earliest settlers of Jersey county, and assisted in laying out the town of Graf- ton. The subject of this sketch, Wil- liam J. Bray, was born in Jersey county in the year 1840. His early life was spent upon his father's farm. He at- tended the district school, and obtained a fair education. In 1861 he was mar- ried to Eliza J. Slaten, daughter of W. D. F. Slaten, of this township. She was born here in 1843. By this marriage there are three children — Henry, born Dec. 5, 1863; Ziba, born Nov. 30, 1866, and Rowena, born Jan. 5, 1870. Mr. Bray lives in Grafton, where he owns residence property. He at present, holds the office of township assessor. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and a public spirited citizen. Nathan T. Veach, of Grafton, is a son of William and Ruth (Burris) Veach. He was born in Scioto county, O., in 1824, and there reared upon a farm. When 22 years old he began lumbering ami rafting on the Ohio river, and con- tinued that occupation until 1861. He then enlisted in the service of his coun- try, joining the 56th Ohio Reg.,' in which he served one year. He was discharged on account of disability and returned home. Among the engage- ments in which he participated were those at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. He came to Grafton in 1868 and for six years followed the business of stone cutting. Since that time he has been engaged in fishing, shipping from $700 to $1,200 worth of fish to St. Louis annually. He was married in 1846, to Elizabeth Bryson, a native of Kentucky. By this union there were four children — Mary L., wife of Jacob Wise, of Ohio; Australia, wife of Wm. Peck, of the same state; Wm. Thomas, now living in Texas, and Ruth, wife of Hiram MeMear, of this county. Mrs. Veach died in 1856. Mr. Veach was again married hi 1867, to Mary Douglas, a native of Massachusetts. They have one child, Charles F., who now resides with his parents. Mr. Veach has been a member of the town board five years, and president of the same one year. He is a republican in politics. ARMORY HALL. This hall is a large and handsome room in the upper story of the massive stone building erected in 1869 by the Grafton Stone it Transportation Co., at a cost of $14,000. The hall is 30x70 feet in dimensions, and is used for all public purposes. SOCIETIES. The first meeting for the organization of the lodge of A. F. & A. M. was held at the residence of J. L. Beirne, Beirne- ville, Jan. 7, 1860, and was organized as Full Moon lodge, No. 341. During that year the lodge was removed to Grafton, and first met over the store of Jacob Godfrey. The charter members of the society were: J. L. Beirne, Hezekiah HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY 321 Funk, T. K. Phipps, L. W. Bethel, J. II. Hadley, D. M. Highfill, John Piper, G. L. Smith, M. B, Hadley, Freeman Sweet and William Williams. The organization was effected by Hon. A. H. Burke, G. M.; F. M. Blair, D. G. M.; A. T. Kuykendall, S.G.W.;and S. ('. Saler, J. G. W. The first officers installed were: J. L. Beirne, W. M.; Hezekiah Funk, S. W.. T. K. Phipps, J. W . The present officers of the lodge are as follows: \Y. S. Brinton, W. M.; Jasper Tidball, S. W.; J. Larbey, J. W.; C. P. Stafford, treas.; C. Brainard, sec: L. Foster, S. D.; F. Stinman, J. D.; H. Backster, tyler. Those who haveserved as masters of the lodge since its organ- ization are: J. L. Beirne, Hezekiah Funk, James Darby, C. P. Stafford, Jacoh Godfrey, J. T. Simms, Charles Brainard, Brook Stafford, Jr., Albert Ratzal, Hiram Heath and W. S. Brin- ton. The present membership of the lodge numbers about 55 in good stand- ing. The financial condition of the lodge is also excellent. Silurian lodge, No. 449, I. 0. 0. F., was organized in April, 1871, by I). P. G. M. James Starr. The date of the charter is Oct. 8, 1872, upon which are the following charter member — James R. Bell, C. J. Lyons, C. P. Stafford, William H. Allen, James Nelson, W. S. Brinton, R. I). Sudduth, F. Stein- man, W. C. Curry, and L. Foster. The first officers were James R. Bell, X. <>.: C. J. Lyons, V. G.; C. 1'. Stafford, sec- retary; W. II. Allen, treasurer. Those who have held the office of N. G. since the organization of the lodge are W. S. Brinton, C. J. Lyons, S. Parrington, C. P. Stafford, Ernest Meysenburg, F. Steinman, A. Young, W. H. Allen, B. Stafford, T. A. Reams, C. W. Lund, H. C. Allen, M. Ruebel, Thomas Robin- son, Ziba Noble, William I. Bray, E. Brinton, J. Closson, William R. Huitt, Thomas M. Calloway, The present officers are: George Ratcliff, X. <:.: Harry Willison, V. G.; C. P. Stafford, It. S.; C. M. Slaten, P. S. The present condition of the lodge is flourishing, with a membership of 41 in good stand- ing. They have leased a neat ami com- fortable hall, in connection with the Masonic lodge, in which to hold their meetings, the lease extending over a period of 10 years. Grafton Encampment, No. 131, I. 0. 0. F., was organized Jan. 10, 1872. by E. A. Casey of Jersey ville, with the following charter members: E. A. I'i- nero, T. A. Reaves, C. P. Stafford, -las. Nelson, A. H. Barrett, C. J. Lyons, W. S. Brinton. The first officers were E. A. Pinero, C. P.; T. A. Reaves, H. P.; C. P. Stafford, S. W. The mem- bership at present numbers 17, with tin- following officers presiding: M. Ruebel, C. P.; John Classen, H. P.: Andrew young, S. \\\; C. P. Stafford, scribe; E. Meysenburg, treas. The camp is in a flourishing condition. C. P. Stratford is also the present district deputy. EDUCATIONAL. The first term of school in Grafton was taught by a man named Brock, at an early day, in a log cabin on the site of the present school building. The next term of school was taught in a building 24 feet square, which is now a part of Lewis Johnson's residence. In 1838 a frame school house was erected, which was 18x24 feet in size. This building was superseded by a stone 322 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. structure erected in 1858, at a cost of $4,500. It amply served the town for school purposes until one night in 1870, when it was burned to the ground. Not only was the building a total loss, but a valuable library, which had been under process of collection for some time, shared the fate of the edifice which con- tained it. The school books in the building were also consumed. In 1874, the present building was erected at a cost of $15,000, the contract being let to N. T. Smith. It is an ele- gant structure, built of the celebrated Grafton stone, with two large rooms in the first and two in the second story. It is a graded institution and furnishes em- ployment for four teachers. The first principal was John W. C. Jones, who taught two years. The suc- cession of principals and time they served since then, areas follows: J. W. Roberts, one year; M. J. Hoffman, five years; W. H. Gregg, one year; and the present principal, Otis D. Leach. There are about 225 scholars enrolled in the school, and $2,000 per annum is expended in the maintenance of the same. The present school trustees are the following: W. D. F. Slaten, M. Ruebel and Charles Brainard. The board of directors are James M. Allen, president ; George N. Slaten, clerk, and .1. T. Slaten. MILLS. The flouring mill at Grafton was erected in 1855, by W. H. Allen, but is now operated by his son, James M. Allen. The building is a large frame structure, 40x88 feet in ground area. It originally had three run of buhrs, with a capacity of 125 barrels of flour per day. It is operated by steam, and the machinery is the patent roller pro- cess. It cost about $30,000. James M. Allen, miller at Grafton, is a son of William H. and Martha M. (Mason) Allen. He was born in Jersey county, in the year 1847, and was reared here, receiving a good education. He attended the district schools, and later spent two years at the Normal Univer- sity, at Bloomington, 111. In LSG4 he entered the mill owned by his father, and learned the miller's trade. Four years later he assumed the full charge of the mill, which he still operates. He was united in marriage in 1869, with Alice S. Eaton, daughter of C. B. Eaton, of Jerseyville. She was born in the state of New York, and came with her parents to this county in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are the parents of five children — Rosalie, Harry E., Mason, Robert Stewart and Arthur Barrett. Mr. Allen has been a member of the town council 12 years, three years of that time acting as president of the board. The first saw mill at Grafton was built by A. W. Caverly, which run but a short time, when it was destroyed by fire. Before the year 1840, and pre- vious to the erection of Caverly's mill, a saw mill had been built at the mouth of the Illinois river, and w r as operated by a man named Crandall. In 1845 one was built at Grafton, by W. H. Allen, which was operated for some 12 years; and was afterwards torn down. stone quarries: The stone quarries adjoining the town are the richest and most extensive of Grafton's resources. These quarries were worked for local purposes from the HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 82:! flate df the first settlement of the town, and small quantities were shipped sub- sequently to Alton. About the year 1856, the quarries were opened on a lamer scale by Silas Farrington and John Loler. The excellence of the stone and the importance of the quarries had already attracted the attention of Giles F. Filley, of St. Louis, and through his influence the stone was brought into public notice and use. The first that the quarries were worked to any con- siderable extent, was in getting out the stone for the old Lindell Hotel in St. Louis. Since that time the stone has come into general use, and has entered into the construction of a large number of important buildings and public works, among which are the Quincy bridge, the St. Charles bridge, the great bridge across the Mississippi, at St. Louis, and one of the finest government buildings on the island, at Rock Island. The product is a magnesian limestone, and, according to the judgment of com- petent authorities, possesses the best qualities for building purposes of any stone found in the Mississippi valley. It was thoroughly tested by James B. Lads, previous to its selection for use in the St. Louis bridge, and was found to be of the highest order of excellence. The quarries passed into the hands of the Grafton Stone and Transportation Co., and are now owned by the Grafton Quarry Co., of whom James Black, of St. Louis, is president, and John S. Roper, of Alton, is secretary. There are two other quarries beside the one operated by the Grafton Quarry Co. During the years 1866 and 1867, when the quarries were worked to their greatest extent, the men employed reached the number of about 2,000. At present there are only about 100 men employed. Charles Brainerd, superintendent of the Grafton Quarry Co., is a native of Rome, Oneida county, N. Y., born Sept. 10, 1839. He is a son of J. B. and Laura (Gates) Brainerd. He re- mained with his parents in Rome until 1854, when he went to Saratoga. county, X. Y., where he lived until the war broke out. He then, in 1861, en- listed in the loth N. Y. Engineers, and served three years, participating in the Peninsula campaign, engagements at Manassas, Fredericksburg, and other points. He was with the Army of the Potomac, and acted as chief clerk in the commissary department of the Eng- lish Brigade. After the war he returned to Rome, N. Y., and remained four months, at the expiration of which time he came to Grafton ami assumed his present position as manager of the quarry company. He is also a stock- holder in the company. Mr. Brainerd was married in 1870, to Hattie A. Ben- ner, of Waldoborough, Maine, daughter of Edward Benner, a, native of Maim'. Mr. and Mrs. Brainerd have four chil- dren — Laura Josephine, George Car- rington, Carl Edward and Harold Web- ster. Mr. Brainerd is a member of tin Masonic fraternity. His father, J. B. Brainerd, was born in 1804, in New York, and is now living in this county, having come here in 1881. His mother, Mrs. Laura Brainerd, died in Rome, N. Y., in is:,:;. CEMETERY. The Grafton cemetery is located some two miles north of town, and was laid out by E. Meysenburg, N. G., and Em- 324 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. mor Brinton, R. S., of Silurian lodge No. 4411, I. (). 0. P., July 23, 1873. It was surveyed and platted by Z. E. Freer, surveyor, June 30, of that year, and filed for record Aug. 20. The first burial was that of William Godfrey, July 12, 1873. The burying ground is nicely located on the bluffs north of the Mississippi river, and is quite well improved. FERRY BOATS. Grafton was at one time an important point for crossing the river for- emigra- tion to Missouri. In the month of June, 1833, permission was" given by the Greene county court to Paris Mason, to establish a ferry. This first ferry was a horse boat, and was subsequently taken off, and an ordinary flat boat substituted, but when business got better again, the horse boat was again called into requisi- tion. Judge "William H. Allen established a steam ferry in 1856, and it was conducted until 1862, when the progress of the war of the Rebellion stopped all intercourse between the states of Illinois and Mis- souri at this point, and necessitated the the abandonment of the boat, since which time there has been no regular ferry. FIRST ITEMS. The first house was built by James Mason, in 1832. The pioneer merchant was Paris Ma- son, who erected a building and put in a general stock, in 1833. The first newspaper in the county was established in Grafton, in 1836, by John Russell. The first church was built in 1837, and was for the Methodist Episcopal society. The building was a frame struc- ture, 36x40 feet in size. The first school house was built in 1838, and was a frame building, 18x24 feet in dimensions. The first religious services were held by the Methodist Episcopal society, in 1836, in a warehouse owned by John Keyes. The services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Poole. The second religious services were conducted by Rev. Weldon, in a build- ing owned by Mr. Whitcomb. He after- ward held quite a revival, in the spring of 1837, there being about 40 converts. Paris Mason was the first to be com- missioned postmaster in the place. The first mill was built in 1855, by W. H. Allen, and was 40x88 feet in size. CAMDEN. This town was laid out by George Finney, on the southeast quarter of Sec. 8, T. 6, R. 12. The place was expected, by its foun- der, to eventually become a commercial emporium, but his expectations were never realized, and there is very little on the site to make one think that it was ever the intention to build a town here. HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. >\-r, CHAPTER XX. PIASA TOWNSHIP Piasa is the most populous agricul- tural township in Jersey county. It is bounded on the north by Fidelity town- ship, on the east by Macoupin county, on the south by Madison county, and on the west by Mississippi township. Part of the town of Brighton lies in this township, the main portion being in Macoupin county. The Piasa creek in- tersects the township diagonally, com- ing in from Fidelity township at the north line of section 2, and passing into Madison county from the southwest corner of the township. A fork of this creek conies in from Fidelity township at the north line of section 5, ami has its junction with the main stream. about the center of the west half of section 20. The Little Piasa enters from Macoupin county on the southeast corner of section 12, ami passes into Madison county from the center of the are. for the most part, a live energetic pi pi'-, as the quality of the improve- ments seen on so many of the farms, which dot tin- country in this township, will show. EARLY SETTLEMENT. John Wilkeiis was the pioneer settler of Piasa township. In 1818 he took up a location on the southwest quarter of section 31, and made improvements. He was a native of Maryland, where he was reared. Brought up to sea life, he became captain of an ocean vessel. He commanded on ship-board for five years, after which he gave up his seafaring life, and cam.' out to Illinois. He was twice married, and reared a large family of children, all now deceased save three. He had made a number of improvements on his first location, on section .'11, this township, but in 1824, left them, and removed to section IV), near Delhi, where south line of section ■',:',. Two lines of he kept a stage station, and a tavern for railroad intersect this township. The the accommodation of the travelers. For old line of the Chicago & Alton passes 20 years he remained at this place, and through sections 24, 2">, 36 and 35. The J i: l.som ll lc di\ Irian intersects sections 18, 19, 30 and 32. The village of Delhi lies in the south- west quarter of section 18. Above it will then went to Jerseyville to stop for a short time with a daughter, Mrs. Har- riet Silloway. Thence he went to Paw Paw Grove, 111., and spent his remain- ing days with another daughter, Mrs. be seen that the township is abundantly Sarah Baker. supplied with running water for stock Levi McNeil first settled in this county and agricultural purposes, as well as in 1825, selecting a home on section 22, with transportation facilities for the this township. lie first saw the light ready marketing of all the surplus pro- amid the "old granite hills" of New ducts of its inhabitants. The citizens Hampshire, but came here from Ohio. 326 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. The farm which he settled is now owned by John G. Ortle. He lived upon this until Jan., 1852, when he died. He was a well-to-do and influential citizen, and was highly respected and well thought of by his many friends and neighbors. He surveyed the greater part of this township at an early day, although not an educated surveyor. He reared three sons, two of whom have since died. The surviving member of the family, Henry, new resides in Weld county, Col. Nelson R. Lurton settled on the site of the town of Delhi in 1827 or '28, and afterward laid out that place. He kept a stage station and tavern there for a number of years, and as it was situated on the stage road, a large business was carried on there during those days. He was the first postmaster of Delhi, hold- ing that position until 1S44, when his death occurred. He also operated a large farm in that vicinity, and it is said that the sale of his personal effects, after his demise, was one of the largest in the county. Mr. Lurton was born in Kentucky in 1803, where he was reared and educated. He attained con- siderable of a fortune in the lead mines of Galena , being among the first to engage in mining at that place. He was married to Adeline Sumner, in Missouri, of which state she was a native. They had a family of seven children, only one of whom is now living — Joseph, who resides on the old homestead. A carpenter by the name of William Barnhardt, also settled in the town of Delhi about the year 1830. He was one of the first carpenters in the town, and lived there until his death. James 15. Pinckard made a settlement on Sec. 24, in the early part of 1830, he having entered the land in January, of that year. He was a Virginian by birth, but came here from Ohio, where he had resided some years. He was widely re- spected for many excellent qualities of head and heart. Joseph Richardson and Samuel Clarke came to this township in 1830, and set- tled upon Sec. 14, where they put up dwellings and resided some time. John Hart made a settlement in Piasa township during the year 1830. He was a native of Tennessee. About the year 1830 Benjamin Draper settled on the place now owned by Thomas Edwards, where he resided for many years. He came from the state of Tennessee to this county and afterward went to Macoupin county, where he subsequently died. William Hackney settled at Delhi about the same time that Draper came, opening up a blacksmith shop, which was the first in the village and township. He came from Troy, N. Y. He raised quite a family of children and during the latter years of his life, resided with them. He died at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. Margaret Brown, in the village of Brighton. S. T. Kendall settled the James Parish farm about the year 1830. He was a native of Tennessee, but came here from Missouri, being married to Catherine Sumner in the latter state. In 1836 he represented Greene county in the state legislature, Jersey and Greene being one county at that time. George and David Settleniier, natives of Pennsylvania, came from Missouri to this township in 1830, settling the farm now owned by Phineas Eldredge. They remained until 1848, when they sold to HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY ::27 Mr. Eldredge and removed to Oregon with their families, where they now re- side. Both served through the Black Hawk war. They were good fanners, and were well known in the county. During the year 1830, Bartholomew Downs located on section 22. He was a native of England, and had lived here a number of years, when his death oc- curred. In the spring of 1837, .Tames Howell settled on the farm now owned by Frank Knapp, on section 33. He came from Somerset county, N. J., where he was horn in 1774. He was married in 1801, to Anna De Hart. They were the parents of 10 children, only one of whom is living in this part of the coun- try. The name of this one is Isaac, who lives just over the line, in Madison Bounty. Howell resided here until his death, which occurred in a peculiar manner, Sept. 20, 1846. He set fire to a dead tree, and then went to his house. Soon the flames sprang to a great height, and fearing that the falling brands would ignite a fence near by. he went out to protect it. The exact man- ner of his death is not known, but when his dead body was found his breast was badly bruised and one foot had been burned oil'. Thomas Marshall came to Delhi in 1837, where he resided until 1*44, when he moved upon a farm on section 30. He lived there until Aug., 1881, when he removed to Jerseyville, where hi 1 now resides. He was born in Wilming- ton, Del., Nov. 21, 1814. lie was mar- ried to Agnes McFarland. They were the parents of one child — Agnes. Robert McFarland came in 1838, and settled on section 30. He did not live there much of his time at lirst. how- ever, as he was then following railroad- ing. He left at the time of the out- break of the Mexican war, serving through the same. After the close of that war, he remained in Mexico one year, and died there, in July, 1848. His widow afterward married Thomas Marshall, who now resides in Jersey- ville. TRoMINENT CITIZENS. Andrew Edwards came to Piasa in IS I'.l. and during that season raised a crop. In October of that year he moved to section 19, where he purchased 120 acres of land of James Hixson. He continued to reside there until his death, which occurred June 4, 1867. He was born May 11, 1808, in Mercer county, Penn., and moved to Scioto county, <)., when 11 years of age. He was a son of David Edwards, whose wife was Catherine George, daughter of Jacob George, of Germany. Andrew Edwards married Mary Darlington, a native of Scioto county, 0., Dec. 24, 1835. They continued to reside in Ohio till 1849. They had four chil- dren, all natives of Scioto county — Henry D., Minerva, wife of A. Ran- dolph, of Montgomery county; William H., and George W., living in Piasa. The Edwai'ds were farmers by occupa- tion, but Andrew Edwards was a "jack- at-all-trades" and a very industrious man. lie was a member of the M. E. church. Henry D. Edwards, son of Andrew Edwards, was born Feb. 24, 1837. He was educated in the country schools, and subsequently attendee! McKendree college. After completing his educa- tion, he followed teaching school ami ,",'_»S HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. surveying for six or seven years in Jer- sey county. He made bis home with his parents until Nov. 9, 1872, when he was married to Mary Howeller. He engaged, the same year, in the mercan- tile trade, buying a store and goods of E. Tillotson, in Delhi. In 1873 he be- came associated in business with M. V. 'Hamilton, with whom he continued in trade until 1882. He then sold his interest to Mr. Hamilton and has since been engaged in attending to his duties as station agent, having heen appointed in 1872. Mr. Edwards owns 200 acres of land in Piasa township, 40 acres in Mississippi township, and a residence in Delhi. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, both of the blue lodge and chapter, of Jerseyville, also of the K. of H. and the M. E. church. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have two chil- dren — Frederick M., born Aug. 25, 1873, and Jerome Y, born May 20, 1875. John Christian Bauer, a native of Germany, was born May 21, 1843. He remained in that country until 20 years of age. In March, 1866, he embarked for America and arrived in New York city on Easter Monday. After stopping a few days in New York he proceeded west to Alton, 111., where he followed the blacksmith trade two years. He then went to Litchfield, 111., and staid six weeks engaged in the same business, then returned to Alton, and came soon after to Piasa township, Jersey county. Here he worked for a time, by the month, employed by Mr. Robinson, of whom he later rented land, which he cultivated one season. He then rented the farm which he now lives upon, of his brother, Philip Bauer. April 17, 1878, he was married to Isabella Down, who was born in 1848. They are the parents of five children- 1 — Isabella, born F..|,. 28, 187-1; Willie, horn Aug. 30, 1875; Annie, born June 17, 1878; John, born Oct. 4, 1879; and Alice, born Dec. 13, 1881. Mr. Bauer is the owner of two fine stallions, of one-fourth Norman stock, one being a bright bay, three years old, and a little more than 1(> hands high; the other, a dapple gray, seven years old, and 17 hands high. Mr. Bauer is a member of the Lutheran church, and politically a democrat. George Cairns is a native of Scotland, born July 1, 1820. He remained in his native county until 26 years of age, there following the occupation of farming. He then went to England, where he lived six years, working for a wholesale merchant. He was married in Scotland, in 1842, to Agnes Fairbairn. In 1852 he immigrated to America, and settled in Zanesville, Ohio, where he remained 18 months, engaged in blacksmithing. He then removed to Alton, 111., where for three years he followed mining, then moved to Jersey county, this being in 1857. He located on his present farm in 1860. He has 121 acres of land, upon which he has made all the improve- ments, and which is nicely situated. He has a coal mine on his place, which he works. He was bereaved by the death of his wife, in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Cairns have had 13 children, 10 sons and 3 daughters. Five of the former and two of the latter are now living, the eldest being 41 and the youngest 15 years of age. Mr. Cairns has served as justice of the peace of this township four years, and at present holds the office of township trustee. Charles Bruce Bartlett was born in HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY. 329 Seneca county, O., in Sept., 1845. When 9 years of age he removed with his father to Jersey county, 111. After coming here he attended school in Jer- seyville one year, after which he lived with his father upon the farm known as the "old Bartlett farm,'' (on which he now resides) until 21 years of age. He then left home, attending McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., for three years; then one year at Michigan University, where he studied law. While there he was the friend and room-mate of the Hon. Henry Seiter. Being obliged to abandon the law on account ofill-health, Mr. Bartlett has divided his time be- tween teaching and fanning. He has taught at Delhi for the past two years, and is engaged to teach in the same place the coming term. Mr. Bartlett's father. William Bartlett, was horn in Maine, in 1802. In early life he fol- lowed the occupation of ship carpenter, but during his latter years was engaged in farming. His death occurred in 1876. His widow, wdio is still living, was horn in 1819, in the state of Ohio. She re- sides with her son, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Bartlett has held the office of town clerk two terms. He is a mem- ber of the K. of H., Delhi lodge No. 1129. As a teacher he is popular and successful. William H. Bartlett came with his parents t'> Jersey county in is. r >3, he being then 13 years of age He ,vas horn in Seneca county, 0., July 3, 1840. On coming to this county the family located in Jersey ville, where they resided one year, and then removed to the farm in I'iasa township, on which William II. lives, and where he followed farming until loU2. In September of that year he enlisted in Co. C, of the 121th 111. Inf., serving as musician. After spending six weeks at Camp But- ler, near Springfield, his regiment went south, to Memphis, participating in Grant's campaign against Vieksburg. lie took part in the engagements of ( lhampion Hills, Jackson and Raymond, arriving at Vieksburg, May 1'.*, 1863. He was present at the capture of Vieks- burg, on the 4th of July, and subse- quently took part in other engagements. After the war he returned home and resumed farming upon the homestead farm, which has been his residence since, with the exception of two years, during which lie lived two miles west of his present place. .Mi-, and Mrs. Bart- lett have four children — Minnie, burn Nov. 12, 1869; William, born May 7, 1871; Ethel, bum April 8, 1S74, and Albert, bom Sept. 7, 1875. Mr. Bart- lett was highway commissioner three years, and at present holds the office of supervisor. He is a member of the K. of H., Delhi lodge, No. 112'.). Frank Schoeberle was burn in Bohe- mia, Austria, ( let. 20, 1830. He remained in his native country until 1853, then, to avoid being drafted into military ser- vice, he came to America, landing in New York city in June of that year, lie proceeded west to Milwaukee, Wis., thence, soon after, to Watertown,in the same state, where he remained two years, engaged in farming and brick- making. He then went south to New Orleans, his object being to learn the French language. He had, during the first six weeks of his residence in this country, obtained a practical knowledge of the English language. He staid in New Orleans two months, and while there 330 HISTORY OF JERSEY COUNTY was sick in a hospital two weeks. On his recovery he came td Illinois, and stopped in Madison county, where he followed farming two years, then went to Dubuque, la., there working at brick- making, and next to St. Louis, where he was married, Nov. 9, 1858, to Annie Gaitman, who was born Oct. 12, [834. He remained in St. Louis 15 months, then moved to Mason county, 111., and 16 months later to Jersey county. He located on section 34, Piasa township, purchasing 40 acres of land, to which he hassince added 40 more. This land he improved and lived upon until March, L884. lie then sold his farm and moved to Brighton, where he purchased resi- dence property, and now makes his home. Mr. Schoebcrle is a republican politically. He has held the office of school director two terms, and is at present assessor. He is a member of the Catholic church, while his wife holds connection with the German Lu- theran. On the 1st of July, Mr. Schoe- berle started on a trip to Germany, and is, at the time of this writing, enjoying a delightful time there. He was to re- turn about i let. 1. Charles P. Long, a farmer of Piasa township, was horn in the city of St. Louis, Sept. 12, 1850. His early life was spent in that city, where he receiv- ed a good education. In 1874 he came to Jersey county and purchased a farm oil.:; acres in Piasa township, to which he has since added 26 acres, making altogether 89 acres, on which he now resides. His farm is in a, good state of cultivation and highly productive. Mr. Long was married in 1874, to Ella Hording, of Detroit, Mich., and by this union has five sons— Charles Sylvester, bom Sept. 2(1, 187",; Willard D., born March 30, 1878; Frederick A., born I )