REPORT VERMONT STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE ACTING AS CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. 1 896. BURLINGTON, VT. : TREE PRESS ASSOCIATION, PRINTERS. 1896. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AS CAT- TLE COMMISSIONERS ON CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS. The following law was enacted at the session of the Legislature in 1894 : No. 102. — An Act to Amend Section 4021, 4022 and 4023 of the Revised Laws, Relating to Domestic Animals. Section 1 . Section 4021 of the Revised Laws is hereby amended to read as follows : When bovine tuberculosis or any other contagious disease exists in the State among cattle or other domestic animals, the Board of Agriculture may quarantine all infected animals or such as they suppose have been exposed to the contagion, may prohibit any animal from passing on or over any of the highways near the place of quarantine, may enter upon any premises where there are ani- mals suspected to have bovine tuberculosis or any contagious dis- ease, may employ such expert help and means as they deem necessary for the detection, prevention, treatment, cure and extirpation of such disease, but shall not apply the tuberculin test without the consent of the owner of the cattle, but in quarantine regulations against cattle imported from without the State the tuberculin test may be applied, and they may condemn and order killed any cattle or other domestic animals believed by said Board to be infected with bovine tuberculosis or any contagious disease, and may order the bodies of the same buried or burned, as in their judgment the case may require ; may forbid the sale or removal from the premises of any dairy product from cows that are believed to have bovine tuberculosis. Any person who shall knowingly violate or refuse to comply with any order or regulation of such Board, made under the authority of this section, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars, or be imprisoned not more than two years or both. Section 2. Section 4022 of the Revised Laws is hereby amended so as to read as follows : 4 If any person shall sell or offer to sell any cattle or other domes- tic animal known to him to be infected with bovine tuberculosis or any contagious disease, or any disease dangerous to the public health, or shall sell or offer to sell any part or parts of such cattle or other domestic animal, he shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than two years or both. Sec. 3. The value of all cattle or other domestic animals, killed by the written order of the Board of Agriculture, shall be ap- praised by one of said Board and a disinterested person selected by the owner of the condemned animals, but if these two cannot agree upon the amount of the appraised value of the animal, they shall select a third disinterested person, who together with them shall appraise the animal, such appraisal to be made just before killing, and on a basis of health. The limit of appraisal of cattle shall be forty dollars. A post-mortem examination shall be made, and if the animal be found affected with bovine tuberculosis, or any disease dangerous to public health, the owner of the animal shall receive one-half the appraised value ; but if no bovine tuber- culosis or disease dangerous to public health be found, the owner of the animal shall receive the full amount of the appraisal, and in addition shall receive the slaughtered animal. The amount which the owner is entitled to receive shall be paid by the State to the owner of such animal or animals upon a written order, signed by the member of the Board in charge, and countersigned by the sec- retary of said Board. No indemnity shall be paid to the owner of condemned cattle or other domestic animals that have not been owned and kept in the State for at least six months previous to the discovery of the disease. Any person who shall knowingly violate or refuse to comply with any regulations made by such Board of Agriculture, under the authority and provisions of this section, shall be fined not more then two hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. Sec. 4. All expenses incurred by the Board under the provisions of this act shall be allowed by the Stale auditor, upon the approval of the Governor, and paid by the State. Approved November 27, 1894. 5 The principal change in the existing law effected by this statute was in placing bovine tuberculosis in the list of contagious diseases, and in providing that the indemnity received by stock owned for animals condemned and killed should be one-half of their value, appraised upon a basis of health. The provisions of the law pre- vious to the Act of 1894, provided that animals condemned as dis- eased and killed should be appraised at their actual value at the time of killing. This provision practically took away all compen- sation as the actual value of an animal affected with a contagious disease cannot be considered as any value whatever. TJiyier the provisions of this law, which went into effect Febru- ary 1, 18$5, the Board has been called upon for a large amount of work in the matter of BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. This disease had for a year or more previous to the passage of the law of 1894, occasioned considerable alarm among the cattle owners of the State, and during the year 1894 quite a number of herds had been tested for the disease and in some herds the disease had made such progress as to include a very large proportion of the entire number. In the tests made in 1894 all diseased animals found were killed and the owners received no compensation from the State. When the 1894 law came into effect the Board found on hand quite a large number of applications for testing herds with tuberculin to determine the presence of tuberculosis. Before undertaking to get rid of the disease in our herds it was thought best by the Board to prohibit the further introduction of the dis- ease from sources outside the State and accordingly issued the fol- lowing : 6 GENERAL ORDER NO. 1. STATE OF VERMONT, Department of Agriculture. QUARANTINE. Notice is hereby given that the State Board of Agriculture does, this twenty-first day of February, 1895, by the authority of the laws of this State, in relation to diseases among cattle and other domestic animals, place a quarantine upon all cattle coming into the State subject to the following rules and regulations : Persons intending to drive cattle into the State on foot must give notice to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, of the time and place they will cross the State line, and obtain from him a permit to drive cattle into the State, with designated place of detention in Quar- antine for examination. Persons intending to ship cattle by railroad into the State must give notice to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, of the time they will be shipped, and place of destination, and obtain from him a permit to unload and drive to designated place of Quarantine. Railroads receiving cattle from without the State whose destination is within the State shall give immediate notice to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, of their place of destination and time they will be due to arrive, and obtain from him a permit to unload the cattle at place of destination. All cattle shall be detained in Quarantine until tested, and shall be examined by the Board of Agriculture in accordance with the provisions of an act of the Legislature passed in 1894. The owner of the cattle shall be to all expense of care and feed of cattle while in Quarantine. The test will be made as quickly as possible. 7 Any corporation or individual failing to respond to the above notice will become liable to the penalty of the law defined in said act. The above Quarantine does not apply to cattle in transit by rail- road to points without the State. 0. M. WINSLOW. Y. I. SPEAR, H. W. VAIL, J. 0. SANFORD, J. L. HILLS, H. M. ARMS. Afterwards General Order No. 2 was issued, with the following blanks : Brandon, Vt., April 1st, 1895. To owners and shippers of cattle desiring to bring them into the State without detection in Quarantine, we the Board of Agriculture by virtue of the power vested in us by law do hereby make the fol- lowing GENERAL ORDER NO. 2. STATE OF VERMONT, Department of Agriculture. Office of the Cattle Commission. 1. All persons desiring to ship cattle into the State of Vermont by railroad, steamboat or ferry, or intending to drive them on foot into the State of Vermont under General Order No. 1, may avoid detention in Quarantine and risk of loss of any cattle which by the tuberculin test while in Quarantine may be found to have tuber- culosis or other contagious diseases, by complying with the follow- ing regulations : 2. Notice of intended shipment should be sent to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, Vt., stating number of cattle to be shipped, consignee 8 and place of destination, also giving name of the veterinarian employed to make the test. The Secretary upon receiving the above application will forward the necessary blanks to the applicant, who shall then have the cat- tle tested with tuberculin by an approved veterinarian, the blanks filled and forwarded to C. W. Winslow, Brandon, Yt. If the certificate of test is satisfactory a permit will then be returned to the applicant, which should accompany the cattle to their destination and then be forwarded to 0. M. Winslow, with notice of place where the cattle are in Quarantine for identification. As soon thereafter as practicable the cattle will be identified and released from Quarantine. C. M. WINSLOW, Y. I. SPEAR. H. W. YAIL, J. 0. SANFORD, J,. L. HILLS, H. M. ARMS. Board of Agriculture. of Vermont Department of Agriculture, Office of the Cattle Commission. Brandon , Vt . , i8g Permit to bring Neat Cattle into Vermont. (To be detached only by the person discharging said animal from Quarantine, and when so detached to be forwarded immediately to this office. ) To.. City or town of State of You are hereby authorized to bring within the limits of the State of Vermont the following animal, 9 the certificate No of Dr being satisfactory to this Board, said animal to be brought in in the follow- ing manner : ,to enter the State at the city or town of ,tobe unloaded at the city or town of , to be driven directly to, and retained until further order upon the premises of Mr in said city or town. . On the arrival of said animal at the city or town above named you will immediately notify C. M. Winslow, Brandon, and said animal is here- by quarantined upon its arrival in said city or town until discharged there- from by this Board or a member thereof, or by an inspector authorized to do so upon identification of the animal. City or town of .189 . I, , hereby certify that I inspected the animal accompanying this permit and the certificate of soundness attached thereto upon its arrival within the limits of the city or town of _ , and such animal in my opinion corresponded with the description contained in said certificate and permit, and I thereupon released it from quarantine. No Certificate of Tuberculin Examination of Neat Cattle Required under General Order. (To accompany application for entry into Vermont.) To the State Board of Agriculture , Brandon , Vt. Duplicate. (To be returned to owner. ) This certificate must not he detached from the permit, and must ac- company the bill of lading or animal. State of 189 City or town of Owner, To whom consigned, Description of animal, Physical condition, Preparation of tuberculin, Quantity injected, 10 Date, Normal temperature at... P. M. . 1 A. M. 1 P. M. . . 2 A. M. 2 P. M. 3 A. M. 1 1 1 1 1 1 a ; & 1 CO 4 A. M. 4 P. M 5 A. M. 5 P. M 6 A. M 6 P. M _ 7 A. M. 7 P. M 8 A. M - 8 P. M. - 9 A. M 9 P. M. 10 A. M. 10 P. M - 11 A. M 11 P. M. 12 M. 12 M. - In my opinion, the above described animal is free from tuberculosis. Veterinary Surgeon. Identified and released by me at the city or town of 189. No Certificate of Tuberculin Examination of Neat Cattle Required under General Order. (To accompany application for entry into Vermont.) To the State Board of Agriculture , Brandon, Vt. ORIGINAL. (To be retained by the Board of Agriculture.) State of.-.' 189 City or town of Owner, • •_ To whom consigned,-... Description of animal, Physical condition, Preparation of tuberculin, Quantity injected, 11 Date, . . 1 A. M. 2 a. m. 3 a. m. 4a. m. 5 A. M. 6 a. m. 7 a. m- 8 A. M. 9 A. M. 10 A. M. 11 A. M. 12 M. Normal temperature at P. M 1 p. M. „ - 2 P. M 3 P. M 4p.m 5 p. M. - 6 p. M. 7 P. m 8 p. M 9 P. M. 10 P. M 11 P. M. 12 M In my opinion, the above described animal is free from tuberculosis. Veterinary Surgeon. Soon after the work of testing herds was undertaken a full meeting of the Board was called at Burlington, and it was decided to divide the State into two districts for the purpose of cattle test- ing, to be respectively the First and Second Congressional Dis- tricts. C. M. Winslow, Secretary of the Board, was put in charge of the First District, and V. I. Spear, Statistical Secretary of the Board, was put in charge of the Second District. The work of testing herds has been continued to the present time under this arrangement, and the full list of herds tested, cattle condemned and killed, and the amount paid for cattle, as well as the entire expense of this department of the work of the Board, will be found upon the following pages of this report. The work done has been in all cases at the request of the owners of cattle, and very many requests have been made that it has been so far impossible to comply with. The work of testing has been first done in herds where there was some cause for suspecting disease, and then extended to other herds as far as our time would permit. As will be noticed in the detailed report that follows, the disease is not evenly or generally distributed in the herds throughout the State, some localities showing almost an entire freedom from it. In herds where a large proportion have been found diseased it ha& always been found that the history of the herd shows that it has- 12 been there for several years, indicating both the slow and sure pro- gress of the disease when a case has once been brought into a herd. ORIGIN OF TUBERCULOSIS IN VERMONT. There is no record to show when the first case came to our State or from whence it came, but the best evidence we can collect has not placed its coming farther back than twenty years, and most of its progress in the State has been in the past ten years. The first cases of which we have any record were among herds of cattle im- ported from European countries, and it is our belief that it came to us from this source. The opinion which has been somewhat common that it has always been in the herds of the State, and that cattle that coughed and run down and died forty or fifty years ago had tuberculosis, has very little evidence in its favor. Such a case would occur in a herd, a single case die and no further trouble fol- low. Tuberculosis does not have this kind of a record ; where it has been it leaves the seed of the disease which germinates and produces other cases. It is believed that these early cases were a catarrhal form of consumption which may be induced by exposure, but has no germ with which to infect other animals. SOURCES OF CONTAGION. As a matter of theory it is claimed that the air everywhere is charged with the tubercle bacilli, the germ of tuberculosis, and that persons and animals are everywhere liable to come in contact with this germ and contract the disease. There may be some danger to persons as they mingle with people in crowded buildings or cars, but we find no case that it is fair to suppose that cattle have contracted the disease from the generally impure- condition of the air. Nor do we find it in a herd as the result of any system of feeding, care or breeding. Practically there is just one cause for its being in a herd, and that is that it has been brought there with some animal. Without contending as to the possibility of the theory of the general discussion of the tubercle bacilli being true or false, we regard it as of no consequence whatever in the practical matter of dealing with the disease, and if people will 13 keep infected animals from their herds, and not feed their calves milk from infected herds there is comparatively no chance for a diseased animal to be found in such a herd. In the thousands of cattle tested in the past sixteen months there have been less than a half dozen cases where disease was found that it was not possible to trace it directly to animals brought into the herd from infected sources. SANITATION. Although it has been stated and it is fully believed that no sys- tem of feeding, care or breeding ever produced a case of tubercu- losis, still the care of animals has a good deal to do with the spread of the disease after it has once been introduced, and in a close, dark, hot, poorly ventilated stable it will progress with great rapidity. In a roomy, light, well ventilated stable its progress will be kept in check. The germ of tuberculosis will not live for any length of time if exposed to the direct rays of sunlight, there- fore the more light a stable can have the safer it will be. In our work, cases have been found where, in a few year’s time, the disease has spread through a herd and taken nearly every animal ; in one case taking every one. In other cases disease has been found in herds which travels back from three to five years ; in several herds no new case had developed, and in several herds it had only extended to one or two animals. We believe that the conditions with which the animals are surrounded has much to do as affect- ing the spread of this disease, and we feel that we cannot urge too strongly upon the dairymen of the State the necessity of surround- ing their cattle with the best possible conditions. It will serve a double purpose. 1st. Be. a protection against the spread of tuberculosis if unfor- tunately a case is in the herd, and a safeguard against the numer- ous other diseases with which cattle are affected. 2nd. It will help to make the herd productive and profitable to the owner. So upon both hygienic and economic grounds it is a duty that the dairyman owes to himself to see that the stables in which his cattle live are properly made and that the cattle have abundant and proper food. 14 THE TUBERCULIN TESTS. 1 Very much has been written in regard to the merits and faults of this test for tuberculosis, and without entering into a discussion as to the theory or different opinions that prevail we will give simply the result of our experience in the use of it. Practically all of the nearly fifteen thousand tests made in the past sixteen months for tuberculosis has been with this test, and the decisions made in regard to whether or not animals were diseased have in nearly all of the cases been based upon the reaction of the animal to this test. In the 441 cases condemned in the first district 439 were found to be diseased upon post mortem examination, and in two cases we were unable to find disease. In the second district of the 473 cases condemned and killed, disease was found in 471. In two cases we failed to find tubercu- losis and paid the owners full compensation. It is not certain that the cases above noted in which no disease was found and full com- pensation allowed, were free from tuberculosis or that the test failed in these cases. All examinations made by our Board have been without the assistance of the microscope and it is entirely possible that slight lesions of the disease may have been present that the unaided eye could not detect. When commencing this work, your commissioners decided not to ask stock owners to be- lieve what they could not see, and have therefore made all exam- inations publicly, and when disease could not be located with the eye have given the benefit of any doubt in the case to the owner of the cattle killed. Judging from the result of our use of tuberculin, it does not appear that a reaction is produced often without there is a tuberculous condition of the animal. We do not feel as certain that all animals which do not give a rise of temperature under tuberculin are free from disease, as we do that those reacting are diseased. So far in our work more errors have occurred by leaving diseased animals than by condemning healthy ones; of the latter class it is impossible to know how many we have passed that ought to have been condemned. Of those that have been killed or died since testing and found diseased with tubercu- losis there have been in the first district one case that has come to our knowledge, owned by Dr. H. Baxter, Highgate. 15 In the Second District seven cases have been found, owned by the following persons : J. E. Crossett, Waterbury. L. 0. Fisher, Cabot. H. C. Gilbert, Randolph Center. R. G. DuBois, Randolph. Joshua Wells, Braintree. C. E. McCrellis, Randolph. G. W. Flagg, Braintree. The animals belonging to Messrs. Crossett and Fisher were left ■under suspicion when test was made, and when killed several months after the test, were found diseased. The cow of Mr. Du- Bois gave no rise of temperature, was a village cow, had been injured by being run on to by the cars, and no indications of tuber- culosis were discovered at time of test. The cow of Mr. McCrillis was also a village cow and gave only 1.8° rise in temperature, her highest point being 102.8. Each of these cases was advanced with disease and among the worst that have been found. The other cases gave no suspicion at time of test. The case of Mr. Flagg was re-tested this spring, and reacted, and was killed. At the test of the herd one year before, this cow had a high normal but did not rise any higher after being injected, and was passed. The reason for the failure of tuberculin to react in all cases, is not perhaps fully understood. It is claimed by those who have had the most experience in using it, that its failure to indicate disease is in advanced cases, and due to the fact that there is so much dis- ease in the system that the small amount of tuberculin used does not produce any sensible effect, and that the use of a larger dose of tuberculin will often produce a reaction when the ordinary amount has failed. Our experience is in line with the claims made as above stated. The cases passed have all proved to be quite bad ones and some of them very bad. More recently in our work we have held animals for a re-test that failed to react, where we have any suspicion, and when tested with a double dose of tuberculin have in two or three instances produced a reaction. In the cases where we have tested and failed to find disease, that afterwards proved to be diseased, we have treated the cases the same as though 16 the animals were condemned by us and paid the owner one-half of a fair valuation. This has seemed to us a matter of justice from the fact that the owner had done his best to have the animal found out before and ought not to suffer through any fault of the test. Often it happens that one or more animals in a herd give a rise of temperature that is not exactly natural and at the same time hardly enough to be sure that disease is present. There are several things that seem to operate to give unusual temperatures, and it is not always easy to discriminate between some local cause and the action of tuberculin. In such cases where the reason for the high temperature cannot be ascertained, and it is not sufficient to con- demn, we arrange to make a retest of the animal in from three to six weeks if possible. We intend to make a second test of all herds where disease is found within a year or eighteen months from the making of the first test. Several such tests have been made this spring of the first herds tested, and these tests show the necessity of such a course and also go far to establish the value of tuberculin. We have sometimes found one — in one case two on the second test, and in several cases found no trace of disease the second time. Whether the cases found failed to react at the first test or had taken on the disease from the surroundings it is impossible to state definitely, the latter appears, however, to have been the case, as the cases so far found on retesting have been quite mild and not more advanced than might have occurred in a year’s time. Where a test is made in a herd and no indication of disease is found, no second test is made unless it appears probable that some case has been overlooked. It rests with the owner of the herd to keep his herd free from disease if once found in this condition; if animals are pur- chased for such herds the testing is done at expense of purchaser, unless as sometimes happens we are doing State work in the local- ity and the animals are got to us so as to make no increased expense to the State. In view of the work so far done by your commissioners with tuberculin and the average of results secured, we believe it is a practical method of detecting tuberculosis, and that it has a record of as few failures as any medical agent that has yet been used for any purpose, and have no doubt but at least one-half the errors that 17 appear in our work is attributable more to those who used the agent than to the agent itself. In our work often more work i& undertaken than can be carefully looked after, and we have had to acquire all the experience we have in handling it, so that the errors fairly attributable to tuberculin are very small. It seems to us possi- ble to eradicate the disease from the State by the use of this agent,, the question being as to whether or not the expense is to be too large to justify the undertaking. If the work is to be continued, there seems to your Board no question as to the wisdom of pro- ceeding with it as rapidly as circumstances will permit. A single case in a herd this year would be likely by another year to add other cases and thereby add to the expense of both the State and the owner. Believing this to be the condition, more work has been done than was at first contemplated, and it is believed that quite a large per- centage of the worst infected herds have been found. CO-OPERATION OF STOCK OWNERS. Your Board wishes to acknowledge the kind treatment and earn- est co-operation extended to them by the owners of cattle through- out the State. Whatever value our work may have to the State, is almost entirely due to the interest taken in the matter by cattle owners. Under the law no animal can be injected with tubercu- lin without consent of the owner. It was thought when the law was passed that this would be a very great obstacle to doing effect- ive work. As a matter of fact it is believed that it has been an aid. The responsibility is now upon the owner of the cattle, and that it has been realized is pretty well shown from the large number of applications which have been made to have herds tested. Usually whenever diseased animals have been found in a herd that has been purchased from another herd, the owners of the herd from which they were purchased have been willing and have often insisted that their herd should be tested. Whenever cattle owners have dis- covered any trouble with an animal in the herd, they have as a rule immediatedly reported to your Board and requested an investiga- tion. Very many complaints have been made to us where there was no trouble except some local and temporary sickness by the 18 animal, and quite often when unable to attend to the call for a few days a second letter has been received Faying that the animal was all right and we need not come. Probably a half dozen cases would include all the herds of which your Board has ground for suspi- cions at the present time that have not been tested. A few of these object to a test, and others are proposing to have a test before next winter. In matters of appraisal of cattle killed it has usually been possible for the Board and owners to agree upon a valuation with- out the formality of an appraisal by other parties. THE PRESENT LAW on this subject seems to meet very fully the necessities of the case and your Board sees no reason to recommend any important changes. Perhaps in a few details some changes would be desira- ble, and would suggest : 1st. Sec. 4820 of the Statutes, provides that all prosecutions for violation of the order of the Board or the Statutes in regard to animals infected with contagious diseases shall be commenced with- in thirty days from the commission thereof. In several cases to which our attention has been called of violation of quarantine orders, the thirty days had passed before it came to our knowledge. It would seem advisable to extend this time to perhaps six months. 2nd. It would conform to better the practice of the Board if in matters of appraisal for cattle killed it was provided that the owner, and the member of the Board in charge of the work should agree if possible upon a valuation. If they could not agree, then resort to the present method of appraisal. Your Board finds that in most cases a more satisfactory valuation is secured by agreement. A person called in to act as an appraiser feels that he is in a sense attorney for the person calling him, and is anxious to secure the highest price possible, also in most cases the appraisers called upon are less capable of judging correctly than the owner. • 3rd. In a few cases it would facilitate the work of the Board if in cases where the evidence of the presence of tuberculosis in a herd is conclusive, the Board were given authority to make a test of such herd with tuberculin without consent of the owner. The present law, which provides for quarantining stock and pro- ducts in such cases is an indirect means of securing the same end. 19 By the more direct method it would sometimes be possible to pre- vent persons from disposing of their diseased stock and scattering it in other herds. The conditions of a quarantine of stock and products are so severe that the Board have felt that they should exhaust all other means of securing their purpose before resorting to it. IS THE TUBERCULIN TEST DANGEROUS TO HEALTHY ANIMALS ? The provision of our present law which allows the use of tuber- culin only upon consent of the owner of cattle, recognizes a doubt as to the harmless character of this test upon healthy animals. It is too early yet in the use of this test to say that we know positively in regard to it in all its effects. But it is proper to state our opinions and give some of the evidence upon which they are founded. We believe that this test is perfectly harmless when properly applied with tuberculin that has been properly prepared. The basis of this belief is that to the present time no well authenti- cated case has ever been produced where any injury has come from it, and this embraces a period of over four years in this country and its use in more than one hundred thousand animals. That it has no tendency to produce tuberculosis is shown by the experiments made with it at our own Experiment Station. In this herd the animals are all injected twice a year, and have been since the herd was first tested in January, 1894, and a large proportion killed. Every animal brought into this herd is tested with tuberculin before coming and every six months thereafter. Since getting out the animals that were diseased in 1894, no new case has appeared. At the Pennsylvania Experiment Station the first test was made over four years ago, diseased animals were found and killed, and since then this herd has been tested each six months and no new cases have appeared. In the tests made in this State since 1894 over sixteen thousand cattle have been tested in nearly a thousand dif- ferent herds and no instance has appeared in which there has come to our knowledge even a suspicion that healthy animals have con- tracted the disease from the test. In your Board five of the six members have had the herds owned by them or under their direc- tion tested with this agent, and our observation has not indicated that it produced any effect whatever upon healthy animals. This 20 being our experience in our own herds and our observation of its use in other herds, we feel very confident that it is entirely safe to use tuberculin, and that no possible injury is likely to result from it. GOVERNMENT AID. In this connection we wish to acknowledge the important service to us by the Bureau of Animal Industry. All of the tuberculin used by the Board has been supplied by this Bureau without expense to the State. The tuberculin supplied to us from this source we feel certain of having been carefully prepared and safe to use, it has also been a large saving in expense to the State as the amount used in State work for the past sixteen months would have cost in the market from six to seven thousand dollars. In return for supplying tuberculin the Bureau requires that a record of every test made with tuberculin supplied by it, shall be returned to them, also that every animal that gives a reaction to the test shall be killed and a post mortem examination made and returned. The first requirement adds considerably to the office work to be done by us but this expense is very small, perhaps amounting in all to two hundred dollars, when compared to the saving effected by having the tuberculin supplied us. The second provision re- quiring the killing of all animals that react is an advantage to us as it removes the responsibility for killing to the general govern- ment and takes from the Board all right to pass an animal that has given a reaction. The requirement that all that are killed shall be examined and post-mortem reported, is very little added work to your Board as the owners have a right to this examination under the State law to determine whether they are entitled to one-half or full compensation. In acknowledging the great assistance rendered by the Bureau of Animal Industry in our work, especial mention is deserved by the Chief, Dr. D. E. Salmon, who has always been ready and willing to extend every assistance in his power. QUARANTINE. A quarantine has been maintained since February, 1895, against all animals coming into the State from outside sources. Our 21 Board attended a meeting of the New England Cattle Commission- ers in Boston, in July, 1895, and a subsequent meeting in Provi- dence, R. I., in November, 1895. The objects of these meetings were to exchange opinions as to the best methods of dealing with tuberculosis, also to adopt uniform regulations in regard to quar- antine matters. The rules there adopted, to which your Board gave their approval, requires that any cattle to be taken into the State must be taken in upon a permit granted by a member of your Board; that they shall be held at the place designated in the per- mit until released. During 1895 several lots of cattle were released upon a physical examination which seemed satisfactory to the Board, and after being here six months and becoming in that time Vermont cattle, several were tested and found to be diseased and we were obliged to pay for them. The present season examina- tions have been made with tuberculin and the animals killed imme- diately if found diseased. In these cases the owner of the cattle has to bear the loss of his stock. If tested outside the State by a competent veterinary who is vouched for by the Commissioners in the State where he practices, the cattle are released upon presenta- tion of a satisfactory certificate. The number of cattle shipped into Vermont each season is not large, but as we feel that the sources of tuberculosis with us are largely due to this traffic, we feel that it is necessary to use great care to exclude it from this source in the future. TESTING FOR DROYERS. In consequence of the action of other States, not to receive cat- tle unless they have passed the tuberculin test, nearly all cattle going out of Vermont are tested here in order to get the benefit of partial compensation if found diseased. By permission of the Bureau of Animal Industry, your Board has supplied government tuberculin for doing this work, upon condition that all tests made for drovers be returned to us, and that all animals that react to the test shall be killed. This arrangement practically makes this State work, with the exception that the drovers pay the veterinary for making the test. This class of work has discovered several herds that were quite badly diseased, and the advantage to the State of 22 having these tests made in such a way as to leave the diseased ani- mal in the hands of the Board to be disposed of, rather than to he traded about as had been practiced when the test was entirely a private affair, is believed to be sufficient to pay all expense incur- red by the State. WHERE TESTS ARE ADVISED. % Often cattle owners come to us with the inquiry, Would you advise me to have my herd tested.” To such we first inquire if they have ever lost an animal that they suspect had tuberculosis; if they have ever bought an animal from a herd which is known or suspected of being diseased ; if they have raised their calves from milk from their own herds; and if we find in the answers given no reason for suspicion we have not advised testing as a rule. To persons who supply milk in our towns and cities, we have advised all who have come to us to test their herds, and have felt that it was a duty they owed their customers to give them every assurance possible that they were furnishing a wholesome product. It has not seemed to your Board, with the amount of disease in the State as indicated by the result of our work so far, that it is a mat- ter of necessity to test all the animals in the State. With the present information that cattle owners have upon this subject, the disease will not get far advanced in a herd before suspicions are aroused and a test asked for. This, however, is a question for the dairymen and the State to settle as seems best. THE RELATION OF THE STATE TO TUBERCULOSIS. A wide difference of opinion exists in the State in regard to the relation which the State ought to bear to this matter. Some we find feel as though the State ought not to pay anything toward the expense of suppressing the disease, claiming that it comes as one of the misfortunes which sometimes happen to a person and that partial payment for diseased and worthless animals is really so much given to the unfortunate person by the State. On the other hand many we find who believe that the State should bear all the expense, that full value should be paid for cattle killed, and the owner share in the loss only so far as his proportion of the State 23 tax. Without reciting all the arguments on this question, it seems to the Board that the present system of partial compensation is calculated to bring to light many cases of disease that would not be found if no compensation was allowed, and it is more economical for the State to pay its present compensation and stop the spread of the disease and have the co-operation of the stock owners, than it would be to undertake to discover the cases in opposition to the owners and take the chance of diseased animals being traded and spreading disease in other herds. The protection both to the property and health of our citizens is sufficient to justify the State in bearing a portion of this burden. To pay full compensation is to relieve the stock owner of all responsibility and an encourage- ment to buy carelessly if stock has been condemned and killed, and has a tendency to put diseased animals at apremium if it is possible to find at any time a market for them by having them tested and killed by the State. Our present law, in matter of indemnity, has operated so satisfactorily as a whole that it would not seem to us wise to make any change. TUBERCULOSIS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH. Authorities do not all agree as tp the extent of the danger to public health from the consumption of tuberculous animals and their products, as food. Our experience in this direction has not been sufficient to add materially to what is known or believed on this subject. In a few instances in our work we have found peo- ple affected with tuberculosis that had been liberal consumers of milk from animals that were far advanced with the disease, the as- sociation being so close as to lead us to believe that it was a case of cause and effect. We have found many of our worst herds where there were families of children that had consumed the milk of the herd freely and no bad result was noted. In our opinion the milk may communicate the disease but is by no means sure to do so. If it has even in a single instance carried the disease to persons, it is sufficient to occasion apprehension in the matter and to cause the product of such animals to be discarded. The danger to public health we believe to be mainly in the consumption of milk, and ex- periments have shown that this danger may be avoided by heating 24 the milk to 165° and keeping it there for fifteen minutes, as this degree of heat is sufficient to destroy the germ of tubercle bacilli. For this reason meat that is well cooked is comparatively safe, and it does not appear from experiments so far made that butter is very much affected by this germ. It seems so far as we can judge to be mainly left in the skim milk. We have purposely omitted any general discussion as to the na- ture, character and symptoms of tuberculosis as well as the details of the method of testing, a full discussion of this feature of the work being presented in the preceding report of the Board. TEMPORARY PASTURAGE. The Board found peculiar difficulties in the temporary pasturing of cattle all along the border of the State with the exception of Canada. Men owning land on both sides of the line and desiring to either drive cattle out or in for the summer. To simplify this dif- ficulty as far as possible we issued the following General Order No. 3 : STATE OF VERMONT, Department of Agriculture. Office of the Cattle Commission. Brandon, Vt., May 1st, 1896. To owners of neat stock within the State of Vermont, desiring to pasture the same without its limits; and to all persons desiring to bring neat cattle from other States within the limits of this State for pasturage : We, the Board of Agriculture for the State of Vermont, by virtue of the power and authority in us vested by law, do hereby make the following GENERAL ORDER NO. 3. 1. All neat cattle brought within the limits of this State for the purpose of temporary pasturage, will be subject to the provisions of 25 General Orders No. 1 and 2, which require a written permit, or that the animal be properly tested with tuberculin and pronounced free from tuberculosis or other contagious diseases before its entry into this State, and admitted on certificate of such test. 2. All owners of neat cattle within the limits of this State desir- ing to send the same to points without its limits, for pasturage, are hereby notified that such cattle returning to this State will be deemed to be cattle coming from without the limits of this State, and will be subject to all the provisions of General Orders No. 1 and 2 above referred to, unless such cattle have, previous to leav- ing this State, been properly tagged, as hereinafter provided. 3. The owner of any such cattle may apply to this Board to have his animals tagged free of charge, but the owner of the cattle shall be to the expense of testing unless his herd has been previously tested by the State with tuberculin and found free from disease. Such application shall state the ownership in full, the number and present location of animals, the address of the owner, the time at which it is proposed to send them out of the State, the State, town and location of the pasture to which it is intended to send the same. Upon receiving this application, each animal will be tagged, under the authority of this Board, with a proper metallic tag affixed to the right ear. Any person desiring to bring within the limits of this State any cattle that have been tested with tuberculin and tagged by order of the Cattle Commission of the State from which they are to be driven shall give written notice to this Board, stating the time when and the place where it is intended to enter said cattle, and shall also give the number shown upon the tag of each animal to be entered. All such animals will be allowed to enter this State with- out further restrictions, upon the same being properly identified. 4. All neat cattle returning from pasture, not tagged as pro- vided for in Section 3, will not be allowed to enter this State, un- less accompanied by a permit as provided in General Order requir- ing them to be tested with tuberculin. All such animals entering this State without such permit, or without being tagged, will be seized and quarantined at the expense of the owner, as provided in said Order, and will not be freed therefrom except after they have been 26 pronounced free from tuberculosis or other contagious diseases, upon examination made in accordance with the terms of said law. 5. The order shall take effect on the 1st day of June, A. D. 1896. Applications for permits to bring cattle into this State for pastur- age and ear tags for cattle going without the State for pasturage should be made to 0. M. Winslow, Brandon, Yt. C. M. WINSLOW, Y. I. SPEAR, J. 0. SANFORD, H. W. YAIL, f J. L. HILLS, F. C. WILLIAMS, J Board of Agriculture. GLANDERS. Only six cases of glanders have come to us in the past sixteen months. A few other cases have been suspected and tested, but did not prove to be this disease. We believe there are very few cases of glanders in the States. The amount paid for glandered horses killed is $213.75. HOG CHOLERA. A few outbreaks of hog cholera have occurred, but as your Board does not condemn, kill and pay for animals affected with this dis- ease, very few applications have been received. The policy of the Board in handling this disease is to quarantine the premises where the disease exists, separate the sick animals from the apparently healthy ones, disinfect the premises as far as possible and leave the matter with the owner. LIST OF CATTLE TESTED IN THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 0. M. WlNSLOW : Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. Jan. A. A. Richardson, Burlington, 27 22 $ 275 00 H. L. Chandler, Franklin, 1 1 10 00 April 11. Brown, Goshen, 15 27. Mrs. M. P. Bell, Burlington, ■1 1 20 00 H. H. Wheeler, South Burlington, 25 4 65 00 May 29. Chaffee Bros., Rutland, 40 25 480 00 23. J. W. Hilton, Richmond, 1 1 20 00 27 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. June 14. Frank V. Prior, South Burlington, 1 1 $12 50 28. F. D. Procter, Proctor, 150 7 100 00 Aug. 16. Wm. F. Baker, Bennington Center, 1 1 5 00 J. N. Baxter, Rutland, 25 Village cows, Rutland, 3 John Crampton, Rutland, 14 Baxter Farm, Rutland. 20 22. C. L. Rosenburgh, North Povvnal, 1 1 5 00 Sept. 12. F. B. Holden, Franklin, 14 Village cows, Franklin, 3 20. Clinton Smith, Morrisville, 54 1 20 00 Albert Dean, North Pownal, 1 1 5 00 Oct. 18. B. F. Vail, Bennington Center 25 1 20 00 27. N. K. Chaffee. Rutland, 24 Nov. 4. F. B. Jennings, North Bennington, 13 1 16 25- 15. W. H. Bradford, Bennington, 4 E. L. Bates, Bennington, 1 W. G. Richardson, Bennington, 8 * Wm. Shields, Bennington, 13 25. Honora Connally, Burlington, 5 1 8 75 Dec. 16. C. M. Winslow, Brandon, * 60 3 56 00 30. Irving Irish, Underhill, 17 1 16 50 Truman Barney, Underhill, 16 3 21 00 31. George W. Allen, Westford, 44 28 388 75- Fred Jones, Johnson, 5 1896. Jan. 6. G. P. Walcott, Morristown, 6 r. George H. Terrill, Morristown, 42 Dan Burdette, Pittsford, 50 8. A. M. Terrill, Pittsford, 15 10. Towp Farm, Brandon, 28 13. Village cows, Morrisville, 12 C. H. Bump, Brandon, 1 1 19 00 16. Alex Newton, Brandon, 22 18. C. E. Harris, Morrisville, 20 11 181 50 A. C. Bates, Rutland, 1 20. C. M. Boynton & Son, Morrisville, 41 21, M. L. Baker, Brandon, 32 22. Gov. U. A. Woodbury, Elmore, 39 23. J. Hastings Estate, Brandon, 22 28 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 25. Harry Thomas, Burlington', 1 1 $20 00 Will Delano, Morrisville, 10 2 32 50 Village cows, Brandon, 15 Harrison Dodge, Brandon, 33 13 220 00 28. Miss Julia Seymour, St. Albans, 19 Dr. Hutchinson, Enosburgh Falls, 27 Feb. 1. N. B. Powers, Leicester Junction, 171 87 1,329 50 2. N. B. Douglas, Shoreham, 49 9. D. C. Barber, Burlington, 30 Tom Armstrong, Leicester, 20 M. Leach, Essex Center, 22 12. Peter Dumas, Leicester, 21 22. Emory Fuller, Brandon, 15 1 15 00 S. A. Sparks, Leicester, 20 Village cows, Brandon, 16 Elwin Ayers, Brandon, 4 1 35 00 S. M. Brush, Stowe, 19 25. H. B Chittenden, Burlington, 14 27. Wm. Williams, Dorset, 10 Mar 6. H. E. Colburn, Rutland, 52 9. W. F. Whitney, Williston, 1 1 5 00 .G. F. Hendee, Pittsford, 15 2 37 50 M. J. Billings, Rutland, 15 Jesse Billings, Rutland, 44 13. Joseph Cook, Rutland, 30 1 17 50 Warren Bros., St. Albans, 70 43 572 50 Walter S. Clark, St. Albans, 43 5 63 50 F. S. Collins, Burlington, 60 2 36 00 27. L. K. Osgood, Rutland, 72 1 17 50 30. Jerry Cummings, St. Albans, 17 31. T. O. Jackson, St. Albans, 14 G. T. Boynton, St. Albans, 14 C. M. Brooks, St. Albans, 8 April 1. J. K. Curtis, Georgia, 32 2. J. C. Dunn, Rutland, 17 5. W. W. Scanlon, St. Albans, 27 6. A. J. Russell, Rutland, 32 7. W. T. Smith, St. Albans, 15 Village cows, St. Albans, 2 Lee Baker, Essex Junction, 7 8. Merritt Thomas, Rutland, 31 5 78 00 Marvin W. Clark, Williston, 134 21 298 00 29 No. No. Amount Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 9. Marvin W. Chapman, No. Williston, 66 22 $336 25 Murray Buck, Morris ville, 47 18 263 75 L. D. Grout, Morrisville, 22 E. C. Smith, St. Albans, 48 10. A. F. Davis, Rutland, 13 14. Soldiers’ Home, Bennington, 12 2 37 50 15. Benj. E. Bates, Shoreham, 73 38 655 00 H. H. Harmon, Bennington, 38 2 17 50 20. M. S. Howard, St. Albans, 16 B. F. Rugg, St. Albans, 147 Arch Laflam, St. Albans, 19 24. George Dunsmore, St. Albans, 50 12 141 00 0. B. Johnson, St. Albans, 79 J. M. Foss, St. Albans, 92 3 57 50 Nelson Goodspeed, St. Albans, 28 1 20 00 C. W. Scarff, Burlington, 1 1 20 00 J. R. Corliss, St. Albans, 31 J. G. McCullough, No. Bennington, 17 1 20 00 H. J. Brown, Swanton, 21 D. Suter, Swanton, 31 25. F. Smith, Swanton, 21 27. L. S. Drew, Burlington, 38 29. W. H. Seward, Rutland, 12 John Richardson, Rutland, 8 30. John Crampton, Rutland, 32 E. E. Shedd, Rutland, 4 M. A. Maynard, Burlington, 60 4 67 50 H. E. Richmond, Bennington, 1 Melvin Mark, Bennington, 1 Henry Stockwell, Bennington, 3 L. R. Brown, Bennington, 12 B. T. Henry, Bennington, 3 W. E. Niles, Pownal Center, 3 H. C. White, No. Bennington, 2 Solomon Howard, So. Shaftsbury, 34 Charles Canady, No. Bennington, o 4. Charles Laraway, Morristown, 32 5. 0. A. Barrows, Morrisville, 14 2 17 50 C. J. Thomas, Morristown, 17 1 10 00 Charles J. Moore, Morristown, 7 C. W. Fintelle, Rutland, 21 Lewis Bucher, Rutland, 14 30 Date. 1895. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. IS. 19. 21 . Name and P. O. Address. W. H. Elsworth, Morrisville, J. A. Brooks, Morrisville, H. J. Fisher, Morrisville, E. T. Ryder, Morrisville, M. H. Boardman, Morrisville, N. R. Chaffee, Rutland, J. O. Andrews, Morristown, Village cows, Morrisville, H. G. Lester, Rutland, John Rockwood, Bennington, M. M. Jackson, Morrisville, J. H. Atkinson, Morrisville, Industrial School, Vergennes, Charles Jewett, Bennington, E. Ladabouch, Rutland, F. A. Gilbert, Morrisville, H. S. Delano, Elmore, H. Elsworth, Elmore, H. D. Cook, Elmore, H . Cole, Morrisville, Moses Wilson, Bennington, G. W. Currier, Morrisville, David D. Brown, Morrisville, O. D. Bacon, Elmore, A. L. Davis, Rutland, C. S. Edwards, Morrisville, A. J. Douglas, Morrisville, A. M. Wood, Morrisville, B. F. & H. H. Farmer, Rutland, S. S. Gaines, Vergennes, Frank A. Baker, East Clarendon, Dr. H. Baxter, Highgate, Alex. Fisher, ‘Fairfield, Geo. Capron, Rutland, D. W. Hawley, Rutland, E. S. Fleury, Isle LaMotte, N. W. Fiske, Isle LaMotte, R. R. Hathaway, North Hero, W. R. Donaldson, North Hero, Myron Chandler, Bennington, N. Canfield, Manchester, Eugene Thomas, Rutland, No. No. Tested. Killed. 13 1 11 36 14 21 9 4 12 30 14 27 18 36 21 43 9 20 4 24 5 20 11 6 18 27 13 1 26 5 33 10 7 24 28 12 13 10 11 10 15 6 6 24 3 16 1 Amount Paid $20 00 11 25 195 00 38 00 20 00 31 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 23. L. F. Rudd, Bennington, 10 26. Gen. E. H. Ripley, Rutland, 43 28. F. W. Brown, Rutland, 27 Murray Buck, Morrisville, 20 6 $82 50 J. G. Thompson, Morrisville, 5 30. Geo. Sumner, Pownal Center, 1 1 5 00 June 3. Nicholas Gallijo, Bennington, 14 5. C. R. Ames, Manchester, 14 Charles Rockwood, Bennington, 14 Mrs. Lucia Peck, Burlington, 2 2 40 00 Bert Rockwood, Bennington, 32 H. G. Vernal, St. Albans, 11 8. Moses Maynard, Burlington, 15 9. J. M. Foss, St. Albans, 15 H. E. Rudd, Bennington, * 20 Merritt Clifford, Pittsford, 25 10. Luther Best, Morristown, 9 A. S. Lawrence, Morrisville, 30 # 13. H. Fay, Bennington, 28 1 20 00 16. D. L. Dodds, North Hero, 30 19. E. L. Muzzy, Morrisville, 10 John Perry, Jr., Morrisville, 7 J. C. Russell, Morrisville, 6 E. V. Hadley, Morrisville, 9 22. C. S. Parker, Elmore, 37 J. Camp, Elmore, 25 23. Norman Camp, Elmore, 23 24. Geo. E. Crowell, Brattleboro, 8 2 40 00 F. F. Jones, Johnson, 20 25. L. F. Holmes, Morrisville, 10 1 15 00 Luther Adams, Morrisville, 9 J. C. Gallup, Morrisville, 9 3 53 75 26. Dr. J. B. Hall, Franklin, 36 29. D. R. Sherwin, Hyde Park, 4 J. G. Perry, Hyde Park, 12 C. L. Gates, Hyde Park, 13 D. G. Barney, Arlington, 12 E. Leflam, No. Fairfax, 5 30. Charles Davis, Morristown, 7 E. H. Chaffee, Morristown, 5 M. R. Chaffee, Morristown, 6 W. D. Allen, North Hero, 22 E. A. Engels, St. Albans, 12 SUMMARY FOR THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. Tested for farmers, 4,804 Tested for drovers, 2,155 6,959 Condemned, 441 Condemned, 10 451 Paid, $ 6,706 75 Paid, 185 00 $ 6,891 75 Percentage condemned in farmers’ herds, 9.18 Percentage condemned for drovers, .46 Average paid for farmers’ cattle, $15 20 Average paid for drovers’ cattle, $18 50 LIST OF CATTLE TESTED IN SECOND DISTRICT, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Y. I. SPEAR : Date. No. No, Amount 1895. Name and P. O. Address, Tested. Killed. Paid. March 8. J. G. Mann, Randolph, 37 6 $ 105 00 12. E. L. Bass, Randolph, 18 3 45 00 14. James Wheeler, Bethel, 14 5 62 50 Alvin Hatch, Bethel, 2 15. George Turner, East Bethel, 29 18. Powers, Chelsea, 13 Mr. Moxley, Chelsea, 3 E. E. Densmore, Chelsea, 5 Village cows, Chelsea, 6 April 10. D. W. Stevens, Greensboro Bend 8 11. J. L. Stafford, Stowe, 9 A. A. Warren, Stowe, 1 May 15. A. A. Priest, Randolph, 18 4 55 00 C. E. Pope, Randolph, 12 16. Luke Parish, Randolph, 29 17. C. S. Holman, Braintree, 27 O. S. Thayer, Braintree, 10 3 35 00 G. A. Clough, Braintree, 2 18. Mr. Rogers, Bethel, 12 Mr. McDonald, Bethel, 14 22. Luke C, Eisher, Cabot, 40 2 32 50 23. Mr. Whitcher, Newbury, 18 June 1. Dix J. Camp, East Randolph, 27 E. A. Fitts, East Randolph, 12 2. L. B. Kibbey, North Randolph, 12 7 122 50 John Goodrich, East Randolph, 1 1 15 00 C. S. Hall, East Randolph, 12 3. E. E. Benham, Braintree, 19 C. T. Frink, Braintree, 5 33 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 4. George Hubard, Braintree, 8 2 $30 00 17. C. S. Richmond, Northfield, 1 Irving Lamson, Randolph, 12 2 32 50 W. W. Jones, Randolph, 16 Irving Chase, Randolph, 2 1 15 00 Village cows, Randolph, 3 18. J. J. Wilson, Bethel, 12 20. Mr. Pinnock, Norwich, 5 Mr. Tilton, Norwich, 6 Mr. Lyman, Norwich, 18 21. Peter Riley, Barnard, 1 1 20 00 July 11. L. E. Snow, Randolph Center, 34 Mrs. A. Williams, North Randolph, 9 1 12 50 12. R. P. Slack, Randolph Center, 13 Ezra Phillips, Randolph Center, 7 M. C. Rowell, Randolph Center, 3 C. L. Smith, Randolph Center, 1 I. N. Wood, Quechee, 1 1 20 00 15. A. B. Thompson, Windsor, 6 Village cow, Windsor, 1 16. A. C. Hall, Westminster, 12 Mr. Houghton, Westminster, 1 July 17. A. J. Wyman, Athens, 8 B. T. Phelps, Athens, 1 Aug. 18. John F. Kelley, North Fayston, 12 2 27 50 Sept. 2. C. M. Bass, Braintree, 7 J. R. Hutchinson, Braintree, 20 3. G. W. Flagg, Braintree, 15 0. P. Dudley, West Brookfield, 9 4. W. L. Heberd, Randolph, 27 Josiah Tilson, Randolph, 21 17. C. T. Burridge, Randolph, 3 S. S. Wheeler, Randolph, 1 1 10 00 Village cows, Randolph, 6 18. Geo. L. Spear, West Braintree, 17 Eugene Abbott, West Braintree, 19 Nelson Smith, West Braintree, 2 23. Geo. E. Allen, Guildhall, 15 3 39 50 24. A. S. Larvabee, Newport Center, 15 12 103 50 25. Josiah Grout, Derby, 68 28. Mr. Thornton, Andover, 1 1 15 00 Oct. 7. Henry Brockway, West Hartford, 43 7 101 50 34 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. Austin Howard, West Hartford, 61 8. Geo. Brock way, West Hartford 21 A. N. Hazen, West Hartford, 13 10. S. R. Durkee, Tunbridge, 2 Mr. Draper, Montpelier, 1 1 $15 00 A. A. Goodell, Windham, 1 1 17 50 J. E. Crossett, Waterbury, 26 2 22 50 Nov. 4. A. H. Beedle, Randolph, 23 12 214 00 Geo. Hatch, Randolph, 18 11 176 00 5. Thos. Connolly, Randolph, 26 8 105 00 9. John F. Mead, Randolph Center, 26 4 65 00 11. A. Alexander, Randolph Center, 29 1 5 00 12. J. B. Adams, Randolph Center, 30 N. L. Boy den, Randolph Center, 28 Village cows, Randolph Center, 10 13. Geo. Panton, Brookfield, 32 3 39 00 Clement Smith, Morrisville, 5 14. C. J. Gleason, Montpelier, 12 7 87 50 Village cows, Montpelier, 9 18. D. D. Bulkley, Moretown, 39 r> • 122 50 D. 0. Bruce, Moretown, 1 1 7 50 C. E. Jones, Waitsfield, 29 Geo. M. Jones, Waitsfield, 29 22. G. H. Temple, Randolph Center, 16 4 67 50 H. C. Gilbert, Randolph Center, 14 2 30 00 F. H. Edson, Randolph Center, 5 L. J. Herrington. Randolph Center, 7 C. A. Chadwick, Randolph Center, 11 Harry Fiske, Randolph Center, 16 1 5 00 24. Dorsey Eddy, Randolph Center, 20 26. Henry E. Hunt, Montpelier, 5 Dec. 2. Village cows, Randolph. 33 3. J. W. Burt, Randolph, 22 H. T. Holman, Randolph, 31 Village cows, Randolph, 8 Dec. 4. F. Bingham, Randolph, 10 H. Seymore, Randolph, 3 Arthur Burridge, Randolph, 10 J. Wells, Randolph, 1 1 10 00 C. Burridge, Randolph, 12 Allen Spooner, Randolph, 2 35 Date. 1895. Nov. Dec. No. No. Amount Name and P. O. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. Ed. Wheeler, Randolph, 9 2 $25 00 J. Bartro, Randolph, 16 5. D. H. Morse, Randolph. 17 1 17 50 C. N. Morse, Randolph, 17 6. H. W. Fitts, Randolph, 20 Sidney Smith, Randolph, 6 Wm. H. Nichols, Randolph ■ 40 2 25 00 •7. F. H. Packard, Braintree, 23 V. I. Spear, Braintree, 24 S. Williams, West Brookfield, 1 9. W. A. Ford, Brookfield, 6 Frank Patterson, Brookfield, 15 C. Peck, Brookfield, 37 2 17 00 16. A. A. Bowen, Randolph, 17 Joel Putnam, Randolph, 7 Calvin Brewster, Randolph, 13 4 50 00 A. G. Barnes, Randolph, 16 A. J. McIntosh, Randolph, 8 Mrs. L. E. McIntosh, Randolph, 7 C. S. Davis, Bethel, 66 30. John English, Warren, 7 12. H. S. Towne, Montpelier, 6 14. J. N. Richardson, Richmond, 14 7 100 00 17. Chas. Lamson, Randolph, 35 1 17 50 J. F. Chadwick, Randolph, 6 W. W. Rogers, Randolph, 3 Allen A. Priest, Randolph, 1 1 14 00 D. H. Chadwick, Randolph, 5 F. G. Wright, Randolph, 5 H. C. Soper, Randolph, 44 9 120 00 18. M. C. Rowell, Randolph Center, 39 2 25 50 Albert Edson, Randolph Center, 55 19. J. C. Harlow, Randolph, 14 C. F. Blaisdell, Randolph, 6 Horris Holman, Randolph, 21 C. W. Albin, Randolph, 13 Zeph Seymore, Randolph, 19 23. A. L. Sprague, East Brookfield, 21 A. Hibbard, East Brookfield, 21 23. C. W. Clark, East Brookfield, 3 John Clark, East Brookfield, 5 M. M. Peabody, East Brookfield, 15 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. O. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 24. C. S. Hall, East Randolph, 4 Dix J. Camp, East Randolph, 5 A. J. Parker, East Brookfield, 6 Mark Durkee, East Brookfield, 6 F. A. Parker, East Brookfield, 12 Dec. 20. Village cows, Montpelier, 6 31. Village cows, Montpelier, 4 30. W. W. Grout, Kirby, 46 35 $490 50 27. D. O. Bruce, Moretown, 18 5 76 00 D. D. Bulkley, Moretown, 4 1 12 50 Jan. 1. N. L. Parker, East Burke, 35 . 1 8 00 2. E. A. Darling, East Burke, 76 2 25 00 9. Wallace Morrill, East Randolph, 30 2 40 00 7. A. A. Storrs, East Bethel, 37 8. Fred Washburn, Randolph Center, 33 J. M. Pember, Randolph Center, 20 9. C. H. Morrill, Randolph Center, 20 S. Turner, East Randolph, 7 J. H. Wood, East Randolph, 7 21. E. P. Brown, Vershire, 25 2 25 00 13. R. W. Warren, Montpelier, 23 3 52 50 15. O. L. Miner, Brattleboro, 19 9 150 00 22. Pearl Willis, Vershire, 11 1 15 00 Frank J. Eaton, Vershire, 9 1 17 50 H. Colton, Vershire, 36 23. Lorenzo Spear, Vershire, 17 15. Leland Bros., Montpelier, 32 16. Milo Nelson, Montpelier, 28 18. W. C. Walker, Montpelier, 32 13. R. T. Lillia, Montpelier, 17 14. S. S. Viles, Montpelier, 8 W. H. Lombard, Montpelier, 5 17. Blanpied & Spear, Montpelier, 22 24. Ed. Rowell, Tunbridge, 10 Geo. W. Rowell, Tunbridge, 2 16. Ed. Nichols, Montpelier, 11 15. A. J. Stone, Montpelier, 7 23. H. G. Church, Vershire, 6 26 Jos. G. Bingham, South Royalton, 10 1* 30 00 A. P. Skinner, South Royalton, 1 1 15 00 C. E. McCrellis, Randolph, 1 1 15 00 28. H. J. Farnsworth, Braintree, 14 37 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. 29. Geo. Richards, Braintree, 19 Curtis Upham, Braintree, 7 28. Geo. Heberd, Braintree, 7 1 $ 17 50 Feb. 8. J. Blodgett, Montpelier, 5 4. F. E. Grout, Montpelier, 31 10. Geo. Hamel, Montpelier, 20 15. Thos. Henley, Richmond, 8 17. L. A. Pierson, Montpelier, 16 H. S. Towne Montpelier, 7 18. Chas. B. Gollison, Montpelier, 15 C. C. Willard, Montpelier, 4 19. C. K. Willard, East Montpelier, 9 E. V. Duke, East Montpelier, 22 20. J. W. Fowler, East Montpelier, 23 14. John Hill, Montpelier, 19 1 30 00 12. J. C. Bisbee, Moretown, 6 11. F. V. Smith, Stowe, 26 14 189 00 12. C. C. Robinson, Stowe, 25 9 130 00 E. B. Cobb, Stowe, 30 13 217 50 13. J. C. Cobb, Stowe, 2 J. L. Stafford, Stowe, 11 L. L. Harris, Stowe, 1 L. D. Hazen, St. Johnsbury, 24 4 40 00 March 4. G. H. Osgood, East Randolph, 27 3 37 50 6. W. L. Seymour, Randolph Center, 32 21 249 00 2. S. R. Waldo, East Randolph, 32 1 10 00 Feb. 26. E. G. Jackson, Williamstown, • 21 A. M. Goodrich, Williamstown, 18 29. J. B. Brockway, Williamstown, 3 H. G. Drury, Williamstown, 16 28. E. S. Martin, Williamstown, 50 March 1. I. C. Robinson, Williamstown, 13 3. J. H. Buck, East Bethel, 13 5. Chas. Morrill, East Randolph, 6 4. G. S. Osgood, East Randolph, 15 7. John Gifford, South Randolph, 34 George L. Green, East Randolph, 11 Edson Emery, South Randolph, 8 Feb. 25. E. A. Parks, St. Johnsbury, 6 M. Way, Barton Landing, 14 Mar. 16. L. H. Raymond, Stowe, 41 3 45 00 17. O. A. Sanborn, Stowe, 15 3 50 00 38 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. N. Bigelow, Stowe, 21 2 $ 27 50 18. W. G. Baker, Stowe, 64 13 162 00 Dan Moody. Stowe, 18 17. H. O. Barrows, Stowe, 8 18. L. A. Bedell, Stowe, 81 2 20 00 17. E. B. Gale, Stowe, 23 3 52 50 L. A. Barrows, Stowe, 15 15 150 00 14. P. R. Gale, Stowe, 45 18. V. P. McCutchen, Stowe, 7 19. F. M. Robinson, Stowe, 7 K. H. Barnes, Stowe, 15 A. C. May, Stowe, 6 Mrs. Thomas Luce, Stowe, 10 17. F. Bashaw, Stowe, 4 L. C. Camp, Stowe, 8 S. H. Kaiser, Stowe, 2 2 25 00 Samuel Hull, Stowe, 1 1 5 00 Village cows, Stowe, 12 6. C. H. Waterhouse, Windsor, 19 14 252 00 Feb. 24. J. F. Wood, West Fairlee, 13 2 27 50 March 9. H. C. Soper, Randolph, 6 James Corrigan, Randolph, 6 J. G. Mann, Randolph, 64 1 15 00 17. John Lodg, Newport, 3 27. F. C. Williams, Coventry, 15 9 120 00 28. L. D. Hazen, St. Johnsbury, 17 10. Gerald Howatt, Lyndon, 4 April 10. J. M. Pember, Randolph Center, 20 G. R. Pember, Randolph Center, 21 9* John Bean, Randolph Center, 17 C. L. Hodges, Randolph Center, 5 R. M. Damon, Randolph Center, 56 1 15 00 8. George D. Hyzer, Randolph Center, 35 L. S. Murphy, Randolph Center, 7 3 37 50 Mar. 14. Village cows, Northfield, 4 27. Geo. Waite, West Windsor, 5 April 14. Austin Howard, West Hartford, 34 1 15 00 Homer W. Vail, North Pomfret, 37 Fred L. Davis, North Pomfret, 45 2 15 00 15. M. H. Miller, Pomfret, 21 Stephen Hewitt, North Pomfret, 60 16. P. W. Strong, North Pomfret, 28 39 Date. 1895. 17. 16. 17. 20 . 28. 29. 30. May 1. April 10. May 6 12 . 13. 14. 11 . Name and P. O. Addr ss. H. B. Leonard, North Pomfret, W. H. Giles, West Hartford, E. E. Doubleday, West Hartford, T. L. Hunt, West Hartford, Mrs. S. Hazen, West Hartford, H. A. Powers, Braintree, A. C. Yarvey, West Braintree, Geo. W. Smith, W. River Junction, A. J. Wallace, W. River Junction, J. L. Gibbs, Quechee, Chas. Co wen, Quechee, D. C. Landers, Quechee, H. P. Clark, Woodstock, G. W. Gerry, Pomfret, Albert Edson, Randolph Centre, H. Smalley, Randolph Centre, L. B. Kibby, North Randolph, Ezra Durkee, North Randolph, G. H. Temple, Randolph Centre, Clayton Bros., Williamstown, G. W. Adams, Stowe, E. S. Edson, Stowe, J. E. Houston, Stowe, J. French, Stowe, Fred Sargent, Stowe, L. Russell, Stowe, A. T. Harlow, Stowe, G. W. Harlow, Stowe, Moses Douglas, Stowe, E. M. Douglas, Stowe, G. W. Sollies, Stowe, Henry Houston, Stowe, Geo. Wilkins, Stowe, E. S. Wilkins, Moscow, M. I. Dillingham, Moscow, Rufus Talbot, Moscow, L. B. Smith, Moscow, O. S. Smith, Moscow, J. Drugg, Stowe, Mrs. L. B. Scribner, Stowe, A. G. Wakefield, Stowe, Alvin Wilkins, Stowe, No. No. Tested. Killed. 25 20 13 27 17 4 1 12 6 2 7 17 27 16 1 29 4 42 1 5 2 2 19 57 28 13 11 8 1 3 4 7 5 4 1 2 1 13 4 3 4 1 3 3 13 1 8 22 10 Amount Paid. $20 00 50 00 14 00 20 00 480 00 56 50 125 00 40 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. G. A. Harris, Stowe, 17 6 $70 00 12. H. S. Nutting, Stowe, 14 1 10 00 18. A. J. Hart, Stowe, 20 1 14 00 G. D. Downer, Stowe, 12 1 12 50 15. G. E.- Robinson, Stowe, 12 14. Geo. Wilkins, Stowe, 8 Paul Lacrosse, Stowe, 5 D. Demerritt, Stowe, 1 12. Geo. Wilkins, Stowe, 29 13. Fred Sears, Stowe, • 11 Orrin Moody and others, Stowe, 8 11. G. R. Brown, Stowe, 4 Lewis Reran, Stowe, 8 C. R. Churchill, Stowe, 3 D. F. White, Stowe, 1 Chas. B. Parker, Stowe, 35 12. A. J. Boyce, Stowe, 13 Geo. W. Wilkins, Stowe, 10 Fred Douglas, Stowe, 9 13. A. B. Weeks, Stowe, 16 George W. Wilkins, Stowe, 17 14. E. H. Boyce, Stowe, 14 J. F. Campbell, Stowe, 16 Chas. Sargent, Stowe, 11 Thomas Downer, Stowe, 9 Village cows, Stowe, 26 Geo. Roberts, Montpelier, 1 1 15 00 22. G. W. Flagg, Braintree, 1 1 .15 00 20. Abel Barron, White River Junction, 32 6 100 00 8. Calvin Ellis, Roxbury, 3 7. G. J. Butterfield, East Granville, 9 E. Hanley, East Granville, 9 6. John Seymore, West Braintree, 10 19. R. J. Kimball, Randolph, 3 20. Newell Cogswell, N. Thetford, 13 21. W. E. Davis, Hartford Four Corners, , 5 4. E. G. Jackson, Williamstown, 4 19. H. F. Wilcox, North Thetford, 3 John Kinsman, North Thetford, 29 5. L. O. Wilder, Middlesex, 20 19. F. C. Atwood, Woodstock, 16 Geo. R. Lockwood, Woodstock, 33 41 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. 0. Address, Tested. Killed. Paid. P. A. Pierce, Woodstock, 10 20. 0. M. White, Woodstock, 9 W. H. Dutton, Woodstock, 23 24. R. W. Warren, Montpelier, 3 28. Clogston Bros., Williamstown, 7 J. M. Stone, Williamstown, 26 4 $40 00 W. H. Bacon, Williamstown, 17 June 15. G. A. Gillette, Hartford, 27 Martin Taney, Hartford, 5 Village cows, White River Junction, 19 16. E. A. Smith, Woodstock. 53 17. Paul Kendall, South Woodstock, 15 18. Wm. C. Bugbee, Bridgewater, 4 A. H. Pinney, Bridgewater, 7 19. D. G. Spaulding, Taftsville, .14 1 16 00 / E. C. Emmons, Taftsville, 20 1 G. W. Harvey, Taftsville, 10 May 25. J. C. Greene, South Randolph, 21 26. C. M. Belknap, South Randolph, 11 H. P. Riford, South Randolph, 17 27. Geo. Pember, Randolph Center, 21 28. S. V. Burton, Pomfret, 13 May 26 . W. L. Peavey, South Randolph, 10 C. J. Billings, South Randolph, 6 June 15. E. S. Hall, East Randolph, 20 D. J. Frazer, East Randolph, 3 Village cows, East Randolph, 3 16. A. W. Emery, East Randolph, 11 C. E. Pearson, East Randolph, 3 Village cows, East Randolph, 11 Eugene Smith, East Randolph, 4 17. L. N. Kibby, East Randolph, 6 1 15 00 P. F. Blanchard, East Randolph, 7 W. F. Gillett, East Randolph, 12 18. Will Hayward, East Randolph, 12 G. O. Webster, East Randolph. 17 P. F. Collins, East Randolph, 15 C. A. Wiley, East Randolph, 8 19. A. B. Hayward, East Randolph, 12 D. R. Goodrich, East Randolph, 23 % Henry Waldo, East Randolph 20 23. W. E. Armstrong, East Randolph, 15 42 Date. No. No. Amount 1895. Name and P. O. Address. Tested. Killed. Paid. G. E. Brigham, East Randolph, 12 S. A. Heath, East Randolph, 13 Village cows, Quechee, 12 Geo. C. Wood, Quechee, 20 24. Geo. O. Wood, Taftsville, 15 Seth Wood & Son, Taftsville, 28 25. Albert Lynch, South Woodstock, 7 Seneca Winslow, West Woodstock, 4 26. C. W. Rogers, Hartland Four Corners, 6 P. E. Rogers, Hartland Four Corners, 13 1 | 17 50 L. H. Pike, Woodstock, 6 Arthur Kneen, Hartland Four Corners , 7 28. D. S. Willard, North Hartland, 21 J. Walker, North Hartland, 1 > 26. C. A. Kneen, Hartland Four Corners, 7 B. S. Marcy, Hartland Four Corners, 9 27. Village cows, White River Junction, 15 J. S. Gardner, Hartford, 7 P. J. O’Conner, Hartford, 15 28. Angus McDonald, White River Junc- tion, 27 29. L. G. Lyman, Hartford, 16 Village cows, Hartford, 6 16. Chas. Batchelder, Newport, 1 1 10 00 April 3. Samuel Brown, Springfield, 15 4 58 92 27. C. S. Johnson, Vernon, 30 6 92 50 May 4. Geo. K. Stebbins, South Vernon, 30 4 64 00 Tested for farmers, 6,461 Condemned, 462 Paid, $6,542 42 Tested for drovers, 735 Condemned, 11 Paid, 203 50 Total, 7,196 473 $6,745 92 Percentage condemned in farmers’ herds, 7. Percentage condemned for drovers, 1.5 Average paid for farmers’ cattle, $14 16 Average paid for drovers’ cattle, 18 50 EXPENSES OF CATTLE COMMISSION. SERVICES OF MEMBERS. C. M. Winslow $ 707 75 Y. I. Spear.. - 654 00 H. W. Vail.... - 54 00 H. M. Arms.. J. L. Hills . . . J. O. Sanford 43 $28 50 24 00 15 00 $1,483 25 EXPENSES OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. Railroad fares $457 64 Hotel bills 338 10 Livery 212 80 Express 57 90 Postage 44 00 Telegraph and telephone 68 59 Stationery and printing 95 87 Thermometers 63 55 G. A. Hawley, keeping cattle 8 00 $1,346 45 Total services and expenses $2,828 70 VETERIN ARIES, FOR SERVICES AND EXPENSES. Dr. F. A. Rich $1,719 74 “ L. C. Wakefield 491 45 “ Herman Phillipson 430 39 “ Robert Weir 383 62 ■“ H. W. Burgess . 225 00 41 E. W. Culley 182 84 “ A. W. Gorham 160 75 4t J. S. Dutton 124 65 44 H. S. Perley 110 00 ** H. M. Martin ... _ 103 50 “ A. B. Gay _ 98 00 “ C.D. Morin... 68 90 “ G. W. Ward 65 00 “ J. F. Page 35 00 u J. T. Hefflon 12 00 $4,210 84 SUMMARY OF EXPENSE OF COMMISSION. Paid Farmers for cattle condemned $13,259 17 Paid Drovers for cattle condemned 388 50 Paid Quarantine for cattle 35 00 Paid for 6 glandered horses 213 75 Members of Board and expenses.. 2,829 70 Veterinarians 4,210 84 $20,936 96 44 SUMMARY OF TESTING BY COMMISSION. Total number of cattle tested, 14155 “ “ “ killed, 924 “ per centage found diseased, 4.53 C. M. WINSLOW, ) V. I. SPEAR, ' f For the State Board of Agriculture.