X I B R A R. Y OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS G30.7 tto.439-513 cop- 2 A6RICULTURE i all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn i or before the Latest Date stamped below. larfirT""" ,! 1 ' and underiini "9 o' book, are reasons for discipli- ?o7en2 c M"T ?"l '*'"" '" di9miMal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN LI61 O-I096 A New Soft Wnter for Illinois By O. T. Bennett, C. M. Woodworth, G. H. Dungan, and Benjamin Koehler Bulletin 513 : UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PRAIRIE is a winter-hardy, stifF-strawed, and high- yielding soft red winter wheat, with excellent milling and baking qualities. It is bearded and has glabrous brown chaff. Prairie is resistant to wheat mosaic and to the physiologic races of black stem rust that commonly occur in Illinois. In fact, it was originated as a single- plant selection from a field of Illinois 2 grown on soil infested with the virus of wheat mosaic. Its objection- able characteristics are its susceptibility to loose smut and leaf rust. Because of its stiff straw, Prairie may be grown on fertile soil, where it is best adapted; but since it is a soft wheat, plantings should, for commercial reasons, be limited to those sections of Illinois where soft wheat predominates. Acknowledgment Acknowledgment is due the following men of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for their help at certain points in this investigation: to W. M. BEVER, Associate Pathol- ogist, for assistance in taking notes on rusts and smuts ; to H. H. McKiNNEY, Senior Pathologist, for taking notes on mosaic disease ; to H. V. MORRIS, Senior Chemist, in charge of the Federal Soft Wheat Laboratory, Wooster, Ohio, for determining the quality characteristics of Prairie. Urbana, Illinois July, 1945 Publications in the Bulletin series report the results of investigations made or sponsored by the Experiment Station PRAIRIE: A New Soft Winter Wheat For Illinois By O. T. BONNETT, C. M. WOODWORTH, G. H. DUNGAN, and BENJAMIN KOEHLER* PRAIRIE is a new soft red winter wheat that is resistant to wheat mosaic, a serious virus disease found in most of the wheat- producing areas of the state. In many fields this disease has cut yields from a small amount to as much as 95 percent, depending on the susceptibility of the variety, the degree to which the soil is infested with the disease, and seasonal growing conditions. Besides its resistance to wheat mosaic, Prairie has other excellent characteristics. It is resistant to black stem rust; it has a good straw which stands up after it is ripe; it yields well; and its quality char- acteristics are good to excellent. Plant and Seed Characteristics Prairie is winter-hardy but not so exceptionally hardy as Illinois 2 from which it was developed. It has been rated medium to good in winter survival in the Uniform Eastern Soft Winter Wheat Nurseries and also in the wheat variety tests conducted in northern and in central Illinois. The bearded heads of Prairie, with their glabrous brown chaff, are borne on mid-strong to strong glabrous white straw which averages 40 inches in height. Prairie stands up well under conditions that produce lodging in most extensively grown varieties, and it remains erect after it is ripe. The heads of Prairie, when completely mature, vary in posi- tion from inclined to nodding, and thus make a bushy sheaf. Prairie kernels are soft and short to mid-long. Test weights have reached 62 pounds a bushel, with many lots averaging 58 pounds over a period of years. The test weight of the foundation seed grown by farmers in 1944 averaged 59.9 pounds a bushel. Reaction to Disease Prairie is resistant to wheat mosaic and highly Pesistant to the physiologic races of black stem rust which commonly occur in Illinois. 1 O. T. BONNETT, Chief in Plant Genetics; C. M. WOODWORTH, Chief in Plant Genetics (in charge of plant breeding in Agronomy); G. H. DUNCAN, Chief in Crop Production; and BENJAMIN KOEHLER, Chief in Crop Pathology. 595 596 BULLETIN No. 513 Heads of Prairie are bearded, brown-chaffed, and glabrous and vary from inclined to nodding Kernels of Prairie are light red, short to mid-long, elliptical, and soft 1945] PRAIRIE: A NEW SOFT WINTER WHEAT 597 Most of the soft-wheat varieties grown in Illinois, except Clarkan, Illinois 2, and a few others, are resistant to wheat mosaic; but both the hard and soft varieties are, with few exceptions, susceptible to black stem rust or intermediate in their reaction to it. Prairie is susceptible to leaf rust, loose smut, and stinking smut (bunt). Altho there is no practical method of treating wheat plants to control leaf rust, the smuts can be controlled by seed treatment. Ceresan or copper carbonate will control stinking smut. The only seed treatment that will control loose smut is the hot-water treatment, but it is not a good general farm practice because it is so hard to apply. Altho the seed of Prairie that was distributed to foundation seed growers in the fall of 1943 was one year removed from the seed treated with hot water, the 1944 crop showed only traces of loose smut. Loose smut is spread primarily by the wind. Where there are fields infested with this disease, the seed fields of Prairie should be located where they will not get the wind from the direction of the infected fields. If seed fields can't be located on the windward side of the infested fields, they should be at least 40 rods from them. With these precau- tions, fields of Prairie should remain practically free of the disease. Even if no special precautions are taken to prevent loose-smut infec- tion from spreading in the field, three to five crops can be grown before the infection will be severe enough to cause much reduction in yield provided smut- free seed was used to start with. Whenever the head count of a field of Prairie shows 10 percent or more loose smut, a change of seed is recommended. If smut-free seed cannot be obtained, a quantity of the infected seed should be treated by the hot-water method and used for planting a seed plot. If the seed plot is properly located (see above), the seed grown on it will be free of loose smut. Yield of Grain 1 Prairie has yielded as well as or better than the other varieties with which it has been compared except in southern Illinois, where it has yielded significantly lower than Fulcaster (Table 1). In central Illinois, however, it has yielded significantly higher than Fulcaster. The differ- ences between Prairie and the other varieties besides Fulcaster are not great enough to be significant. Where wheat mosaic is prevalent, Prairie gives better yields than susceptible varieties, as is shown by tests made in three counties where wheat mosaic seriously reduced the yield of susceptible varieties (Table 2). Prairie yields markedly more than the susceptible varieties, Chey- 1 An analysis of variance was made of the yields of Prairie and of certain commonly grown varieties at each of the locations shown in Table 1 for the years 1940-1944 for northern and southern Illinois and for 1939-1944 for cen- tral Illinois. 598 BULLETIN No. 513 Uuly, Table 1. NORTHERN, CENTRAL, AND SOUTHERN ILLINOIS: Yields of Prairie and Certain Other Varieties of Winter Wheat (Bushels per acre) Variety T o? e Average _ kernel yleldb 1939 Annual yields" 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Northern Illinois, DeKalb and Mt. Morris Prairie Soft 29.2 46.2 11.7 30.4 22.6 35.3 Hard 31.4 48.7 19.2 28.0 30.5 30.7 Hard 29.2 49.1 19.2 30.0 19.3 28.4 Turkey Hard 28.9 42.1 18.0 26.9 28.0 29.6 Brill Hard 28.5 45.2 18.0 27.3 23.5 28.7 Soft 27.7 44.0 17.2 31.2 17.4 28.6 Hard 27.4 49.4 16.0 30.1 18.1 23.7 Central Illinois, Urbana Prairie Soft 33.8 41.5 35.4 34.2 21.3 32.7 37.6 Brill Hard 35.2 45.9 29.0 34.0 27.7 39.6 35.0 Tenmarq Hard 34.9 46.6 38.7 32.9 23.2 33.0 35.0 Cheyenne Hard 34.4 42.0 31.9 34.5 27.6 33.7 36.8 Clarkan Soft 34.1 43.2 32.0 36.7 23.6 34.6 34.6 Turkey Hard 33.7 39.8 33.7 33.3 27.7 37.1 30.7 Wabash Soft 31.7 45.7 27.3 29.3 24.0 32.4 31.9 Fulcaster Soft 30.4 39.8 26.3 30.7 10.0 40.1 35.8 Southern Illinois, Alhambra Prairie Soft 18 8 33.8 18 S 2 5 11 1 26 2 . Soft 21 1 35.2 25 s 2.1 15 6 27.1 Brill Hard 20 6 34.6 24 7 5.2 13 1 25.9 Soft 19 9 38 7 21 6 3 4 11 6 24 5 Wabash Soft 19 5 36.7 21 S 4.2 10 o 25.4 Trumbull Soft 18 7 34.3 19 Q 1.3 14 4 23.8 "The yields of Prairie given for the years 1939-1943 at Urbana and for 1940-1943 in northern and southern Illinois are for the original selection, C. I. 12069. The yields for 1944 are for the later selection, C. I. 12371, the variety that is now being increased and distrib- uted by seed producers. b Difference necessary for significance between the average yields of any two varieties is: northern Illinois, 2.4 bushels; central Illinois, 2.8 bushels; southern Illinois, 2.0 bushels. enne, Clarkan, and Tenmarq. It also yields more than the moderately resistant varieties, Brill and Turkey. It yields more than Fulcaster too, but this difference is due to some cause other than reaction to mosaic as both varieties are resistant. Wabash, also a resistant variety, yields the same as Prairie. Prairie is not adapted to soils low in fertility. As its head and seed are small to medium, its ability to yield well is the result of high stooling, which occurs only on fertile soil. Prairie is winter-hardy enough to be grown in northern Illinois, but since it is a soft wheat, it should, for commercial reasons, be grown only in those sections of the state where soft wheats predom- inate. Its stiff straw permits it to be grown on a highly fertile soil, where it yelds best. 1945} PRAIRIE: A NEW SOFT WINTER WHEAT 599 Table 2. SOIL HIGHLY INFESTED WITH WHEAT MOSAIC: Yields of Prairie and Seven Other Varieties of Winter Wheat (Bushels per acre) Annual yields in three counties Variety Mosaic Average reaction yield Mason county Clark county Tazewell county 1938 1939 1938 1939 1940 1939 Prairie . . . . Resistant 34.4 34.3 31.5 31.1 29.6 18.0 16.1 14.8 53.1 50.7 36 '.3 40.9 19.8 40.0 39.8 38.1 31.4 30.4 23.1 9.5 20.1 19.1 is!9 6.5 30.2 29.3 29.0 22.9 23.5 18.3 12.7 22.3 25.9 25.0 40.6 41.4 34.0 33.9 37.4 22.3 26.1 18.7 Wabash Fulcaster Turkey Brill Cheyenne . . . . Susceptible Clarkan . . . . Susceptible Tenmarq . . . . Susceptible 23.1 17.7 4.7 13.1 11.7 Origin of Prairie Prairie was one of 250 plants selected in 1935 by O. T. Bonnett and G. H. Dungan from a field of Illinois 2 (C.I. 11537) 1 grown by Ralph Allen, Delavan; Illinois, on soil infested with the virus of wheat mosaic. The original selection, designated as 36-D47 or D47, was named Prairie (C. I. 12069). It was grown in various yield tests in Illinois and in the Uniform Eastern Soft Winter Wheat Nurseries conducted by various state experiment stations in cooperation with the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture. As a result of these tests it was decided to release the variety and distribute it to growers. In order to have the seed as pure as possible for distribution, upwards of 400 heads typical of the variety were grown in 1940, each in an individual row. The plants in the 400 head rows varied noticeably in resistance to stem rust, strength of straw, winter hardiness, and other characteristics. The undesirable types were discarded. During 1941 and 1942 further undesirable selections were eliminated. By 1942 all but seven selections had been discarded. These seven selections were bulked to provide seed for the first increase planting in the fall of 1942. The first distribution of the new Prairie to growers of foundation seed was made in the fall of 1943. - Because the Prairie distributed to wheat growers of Illinois has a greater uniformity of type and a higher degree of resistance to black stem rust, as well as other characteristics that are different from the original selection, it was given a new number (C. I. 12371) to dis- tinguish it from the original selection (C. I. 12069). 'The Cereal Investigation (C. I.) number is the number given by the Divi- sion of Cereal Crops and Diseases, U. S. Department of Agriculture, to a variety or selection used in its investigations. As this number is never duplicated, it serves as a positive means of identification. 600 BULLETIN No. 513 Quality of Prairie The quality of Prairie (see Table 3) places it on a par with such good-quality soft wheats as Fultz and Fulhio, which are satisfactory to the soft-wheat millers of Illinois. Prairie is similar to Trumbull, a standard variety which is accepted as satisfactory soft wheat for cakes, crackers, and cookies as well as for family trade. It differs from Trumbull in having a slightly harder kernel, but flour from Prairie makes a better cookie and when made into bread it produces a greater loaf volume than Trumbull. Table 3. QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS: Prairie and Three Other Varieties of Winter Wheat* Dough- Variety Pearling ball time Viscosity Mixo- Loaf volume M-P-B Cookie factor protein 20 gm. flour 2 gm. protein gram area Composite Uniform Soft Winter Wheat Nurseries, 1941 Trumbull . Prairie Clarkan . . . Red Rock. perct. 37.4 35.6 31.8 29.6 mtn. 33 39 37 44 perct. 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 119 112 114 114 130 130 129 121 sq. cm. 80 80 85 cc. 600 600 557 628 8.6 9.2 9.0 8.7 Composite Uniform Soft Winter Wheat Nurseries, 1942 Trumbull . 37 58 9 9 126 133 81 649 9 3 Prairie 33 99 9 9 115 120 84 571 9 ft Clarkan 32 70 10 1 96 100 82 611 9 9 Red Rock 29 S 98 9. 8 114 121 90 616 9 6 Uniform Soft Winter Wheat Nursery plots, Urbana, Illinois, 1940 Trumbull . 37, 27 11 1 134 107 84 658 6 9 31 S 34 11 6 136 101 97 712 7 ,1 Clarkan 34 S 30 10 1 124 100 88 652 7 t Red Rock 31 s 41 10 9 124 112 85 745 7 7 Uniform Soft Winter Wheat Nursery plots, Urbana, Illinois, 1941 Trumbull 33 35 11 1 149 120 86 670 7 ft 29 9 49 11 151 112 97 753 8 5 Clarkan 30 38 10 4 115 110 81 590 8 ? Red Rock 28 4 41 11 7 165 123 98 624 7 6 Uniform Soft Winter Wheat Nursery plots, Urbana, Illinois, 1942 Prairie. . Clarkan . 29.5 32.5 81 70 11.5 11.2 111 91 100 94 703 642 8.0 9.5 Yield test plots, Urbana, Illinois, 1943 Trumbull Prairie Clarkan 40.5 35.0 32.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 118 121 89 79 79 62 61 66 84 * These data on quality were supplied by the Federal Soft Wheat Laboratory in co- operation with the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio. They are based on tests of samples from several crops grown at Urbana, Illinois, and on composite samples of varieties grown in the Uniform Eastern Soft Winter Wheat Nurseries. 80507-4530459 AUTHOR INDEX 601 AUTHOR INDEX 1. BAUER, F. C. See MILLER 18 2. BIGGER, J. H. See DUNCAN 8, 9 3. BOLIN, O. See DUNGAN 8, 9 4. BONNETT, O. T., WOODWORTH, C. M., DUNGAN, G. H., and KOEHLER, B. Prairie: A New Soft Winter Wheat for Illinois 593-600 5. BULL, S. See FRANCIS 12, SNAPP 27, and WEBB 29 6. CARROLL, W. E. See FRANCIS 12 7. DORSET, M. J., and McMuNN, R. L. Tree-Conditioning the Peach Crop 321^128 8. DUNGAN, G. H., BIGGER, J. H., LANG, A. L., BOLIN, O., and KOEHLER, B. Illinois Hybrid Corn Tests, 1943 101-124 9. DUNGAN, G. H., BIGGER, J. H., LANG, A. L., KOEHLER, B., and BOLIN, O. Illinois Hybrid Corn Tests, 1944 453-484 10. DUNGAN, G. H. See BONNETT 4 11. FIELDER, V. B. See Ross 26 12. FRANCIS, F. C., BULL, S., and CARROLL, W. E. Wartime Beef Production 125-140 13. GRAHAM, R., LEVINE, N. D., and MORRILL, C. C. Listerel- losis in Domestic Animals . . 1-100 14. KOEHLER, B. See BONNETT 4, and DUNGAN 8, 9 15. LANG, A. L. See DUNGAN 8, 9 16. LEVINE, N. D. See GRAHAM 13 17. McMuNN, R. L. See DORSEY 7 18. MILLER, L. B., and BAUER, F. C. Soil Treatments for Win- ter Wheat 173-212 19. MORRILL, C. C. See GRAHAM 13 20. NEVENS, W. B. Improving Blue- grass Pastures 213-224 21. NEVENS, W. B. Better Pastures for Dairy Cattle 225-272 22. NORTH-CENTRAL REGIONAL COMMITTEE ON LAND-TENURK RESEARCH. Improving Farm Tenure in the Midwest . . . 141-172 23. NORTON, L. J. See PARRISH 24 24. PARRISH, B. D., and NORTON, L. J. Financial Position of a Representative Group of Mc- Henry County Farmers in the Dairy Region of Northern Illi- nois, 1940-1942 521-592 25. RHODE, C. S. See WILCOX 30 26. Ross, R. C., FIELDER, V. B., and WALTER, G. H. Farming in Cumberland County in the Claypan Region of Southern Illinois 273-320 27. SNAPP, R. R., and BULL, S. Ef- fect of Pregnancy on Quality of Beef 429-452 28. WALTER, G. H. See Ross 26 29. WEBB, R. J., and BULL, S. Ef- fect of Molasses and Molasses Feed on Quality of Beef .. 485-496 30. WILCOX, R. H., and RHODE, C. S. Cost of Producing Milk in Northern Illinois 497-520 31. WOODWORTH, C. M. See BON- NETT 4 602 SUBJECT INDEX SUBJECT INDEX PAGE ALFALFA pasture crop merits 244-245 weed content 265 BEEF, QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY MOLASSES AND MOLASSES FEED 485-496 plan of feeding experiment 487-488 results of feeding experiment 488-495 slaughter data 488-495 BEEF, QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY PREGNANCY 429-451 plan of experiment 432-434 slaughter data of pregnant animals 439-450 BEEF, WARTIME PRODUCTION 125-139 carcass yields of grass-fed steers 137-138 choice, feed waste 131-134 range cattle, slaughter waste 138-139 supply, maintenance 139 Bluegrass past ure crop merits 240-243 weed content 265-266 BLUEGRASS, PASTURE IMPROVEMENT 213-224 disking effects 218-220 harvesting, disking, and manuring, summary and conclusions 224 management practices 215-216 manuring effects on yield and protein 220-221 rainfall effects on yield and protein \{ 221-223 yield reduction from frequent harvesting 216-218 Bromegrass, pasture crop merits 252-254 Cats, listerellosis 56-57 Cattle, beef, production on grass 137-138 dairy, pasture-improvement experiments 225-271 feeder, grades fed 129-131 feeder, waste in choice finish 131-137 listerellosis 16-28, 50-52 range, feeding for even beef supply 139 range, slaughter waste 138-139 Chickens, listerellosis 28-29, 57-60 Claypan region, soils and topography 278-282 Clover, sweet, pasture crop merits 251-252 Communities, rural-urban, land programs 165-167 Corn borer, damage, 1943 1 14 damage, 1944 464-465 CORN, HYBRID, 1943 TESTS 101-124 disease damage 107-108 insect pests 106-107 interpreting results 119 measurement of performance 108-109 pedigrees 122-123 performance tests 1 10-1 18 planting methods 104-105 scope of tests 103-104 seasonal conditions 105-106 soil adaptation test 118-121 sources of seed 123 summary of tests 121-122 testing fields, soil characteristics 104, 105 CORN, HYBRID, 1944 TESTS 453-484 disease damage 459461 insect pests 457-459 interpretation of results 479^80 pedigrees 482 SUBJECT INDEX 603 CORN, HYBRID, 1944 TESTS (continued) performance measurement 461-462 performance tests 463-477 plan of tests 455-456 response to seed treatment 459 soil adaptation test 477-479 sources of seed 483 summary of tests 480-481 testing fields, soil characteristics 457 weather conditions 456-457 Corn rootworm, southern, and corn resistance 471 Credit, kinds and use 572-580 CUMBERLAND COUN-TY, FARMING STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOILS AND TOPOGRAPHICAL AREAS 275-320 claypan soils and topography 278-282 farming in different soil areas 291-304 level of living 305-309 population and agricultural trends 282-285 recommendations and summary on farming practices 312-320 soil areas 285-291 wartime production shifts 310-312 Debt, farm, analysis in McHenry county 572-580 Dogs, listerellosis 57 FARM TENURE, IMPROVEMENT IN MIDWEST 141-169 changes in Midwest, 1880-1940 147 inflationary land prices 15-154 landlord-tenant relations 155-159 objectives 146-148 rents and wages, recommendations 162-163 rural-urban community planning 165-167 soil conservation arrangements 159-162 FARMERS, FINANCIAL POSITION IN MCHENRY COUNTY 521-592 business analysis of owners, tenants, and operators 562-567, 568-572 capital of owners and operators in McHenry county 526-547 cash income and expense patterns 547-559 debts and sources of credit 572-580 earnings available for farm purchase 559-562 earnings, factors influencing 580-584 methods of selecting sample and collecting data 584-586 Farming, Cumberland county, effect of soil and topography differences in claypan region 275-320 Farms back-to-the-land movement 167-169 family, continuous operation 151-152 improvement for efficiency 163-164 inflationary land prices 152-154 McHenry county, characteristics 562-567 ownership problems and recommendations 148-151 purchase from earnings, McHenry county 559-562 Fertilizers, application to winter wheat 194-203 Forage, improvement for dairy cattle 225-271 Grazing, rotational, evaluation for dairy cattle 233-237 Heifers, pregnancy as affecting beef quality 429-451 Horses, listerellosis 52-54 Income, farm, and expense patterns, McHenry county 547-559 Kernel rot, damage to corn, 1944 461 Land inflationary prices and tenure 152-154 programs of rural-urban communities 165-167 604 SUBJECT INDEX Listerella bacteriology 31-34 serologic strains and types 34-46 LlSTKRELLOSIS, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, TECHNICAL DISCUSSION OF FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 1-99 animals affected by 4 bibliography 94-99 epizoology 29-3 1 experimental 47-62 field outbreaks 5-29 histopathology 63-80 immunization 80-92 Manure, improvement of bluegrass pastures 220-221 McHenry county, farmer financial position in dairy region, 1940-42 521-592 Midwest, farm-tenure improvement 141-169 MILK, PRODUCTION COST IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS 497-520 computation formulas 507-514 cost, determination factors 500-514 expenses per 100 pounds 506-507 production factors, effect on costs 514-519 scope of study 499-500 Milk, production changes, 1940-42 567-568 Molasses, effect on beef quality 485-496 Mortgage, farm, terms ,.< 154-155 Pastures, bluegrass, improvement practices 213-224 PASTURES, IMPROVEMENT FOR DAIRY CATTLE 225-271 experiments on forage grasses 228-233 merits of different crops 238-254 palatability and feeding value changes 258-264 research reviews and reports 270-271 rotational grazing 233-237 weed problem 265-269 PEACH CROP, TREE-CONDITIONING STUDIES ON SIZE AND QUALITY OF FRUIT 321-426 cultural treatments 389-396 effect of drops 345-348 final swell 397-400 growth of fruit 350-357 growth response to thinning 365-376 literature cited 420-425 literature review 325-329 recommendations on thinning methods and fruit picking 416-419 shipping and storage qualities as related to time of picking 400-406 size as affected by tree conditioning 329-349 soft suture 406-414 thinning time 377-389 thinning types 358-365 Pregnancy, effect on beef quality 429-45 1 Pruning, effect on peach crop 330-341 Rents, postwar adjustment recommendations 162-163 Rye, winter, pasture crop merits 238-240 Sheep, listerellosis . .5-16, 47-50 Soil conservation, tenure arrangements 159-162 differences, effects on farming, Cumberland county 275-320 winter wheat requirements 179-209 Soybeans, pasture crop with Sudan grass 245-249 SUBJECT INDEX 605 PAGE Steers grass-fed, carcass yields 137-138 molasses ration experiments 487-496 Sudan grass, pasture crop with soybeans 245-249 Swine, listerellosis 54-56 Tenure. See Farm tenure. Urine, cow, fertilizer content 254-258 Wages, postwar adjustment recommendations 162-163 Weeds, pasture problem 265-269 WHEAT, PRAIRIE, NEW SOFT WINTER VARIETY FOR ILLINOIS 593-600 disease reaction 596-597 origin 599 plant and seed characteristics 595 quality 600 yield 597-599 WHEAT, WINTER, SOIL TREATMENTS, SUMMARY OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS 173-211 fertilizer application 194-203 long-time results of soil-productivity experiments 179-194 manure and crop residue soil treatments 177-178 yield factors as related to soil treatments 204-209 KERSITYOFIUINUIS-URBANA