& "-V:- ttJk 2i«'^*CJU? '-4r<^^ THE UNIVERSITY; OF nXINOIS V LIBRARY 9ZO.077557 _ .c&* :i?. llU»:'«^ '•"^j^: ww^, -^: \ A t v. ^i,. KXf T H K Biographical Record LOGAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ILLl ISTHATKD. Thf people that take no pride hi the noble acliievenieiits of remote ancestors ~vill never aehii anything -.•:orthy to be remembered ivith pride by remote generations. — ]SlACAri..\ v. CHir.\c;o The S. J. Clarke Piblisiiing Company. Biofjraphy is the only true History. — P.merson. L people that take no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will nevei achieve anythinj; worthy to be remembered with pride by remote generations. — Maiaulay. CD PREFACE. ff^M - ^y T ?ijHE frrcatest of English historians, Macali.ay. and one of the most S)j brilliant writers of the present century, has said : "The history of a ', country is best told in a record of the lives of its people." In con- ^ formity with this idea, the Biographical Record has been prepared. ' Instead of going to musty records, and taking therefrom dry statistical 'y matter that can be appreciated by but few, our corps of writers have ^ gone to the people, the men and women who have, by their enterprise '" and industry, brought this county to a rank second to none among those comprising this great and noble State, and from their lips have the story of their life struggles. Xo more interesting or instructive matter could be presented to an intelligent public. In this volume will be found a record of many whose lives are worthy the imitation of coming generations. It tells how some, commencing life in poverty, by industry and economy have accumulated wealth. It tells how others, with limited advantages for securing an education, have become learned men and women, with an influence extending througtiout the length and breadth of the land. It tells of men who have risen from the lower walks of life to eminence as statesmen, and whose names have become famous. It tells of those in every walk in life who have striven to succeed, and records how that success has usually crowned their efforts. It tells also of many, very many, who. not seeking the applause of the world, have pursued the '• even tenor of their way," content to have it said of them, as Christ said of the woman performing a deed of mercy — " Thej- nave done what they could." It tells how many, in the pride and strength of young manhood, left the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office and the counting-room, left every trade and profession, and at their country's call went forth valiantly '■ to do or die,'' and how through their efforts the Union was restored and peace once more reigned in the land. In the life of every man and of every woman is a lesson that should not be lost upon those who follow after. Coming generations will appreciate this volume and preserve it as a sacred treasure, from the fact that it contains so much that would never find its way into public records, and which would otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been taken in the compilation of the work and ever)- opportunity possible given to those represented to insure correctness in what has been written ; and the publishers flatter themselves that thej- give to their readers a work with few errors of consequence. In addition to biographical sketches, portraits of a number of representative citizens are given. The faces of some, and biograpliical sketches of many, will be missed in this volume. For this the publishers are not to blame. Not having a proper conception of the work, some refused to give the information necessary to compile a skeich, while others were indifferent. Occasionally some member of the family would oppose the enterprise, and on account of such opposition the support of the interested one would be withheld. In a few instances men never could be found, though repeated calls were made at their residence or place of business. December, 1901. The S. J. Clarke Piulisiiing Co. 852590 CONTENTS (^ GENERAL INDEX. Table of Contents IXTROinCTORY, - LOMl'EN Com PEN )U M OF NATIONAI >iLM OF Local Bi INDEX TO FART I. Compendium of National Biography. Biographical Sketches of National Celebrities. PAGE Abbott, Lyman 144 Adams, Charles Kendall I4;l Adams, John 2h Adams, John Quincy (il Agassiz, Louis J. R.'. 137 A Itjer, Russell A 178 Allison. William B 131 AUston, Washington 190 .Atgeld, John Peter 140 Andrews, Elisha B 184 Anthony, Susan B 62 Armour, Philip D 62 Arnold, Benedict 84 Arthur, Chester Allen 168 Astor, John Jacob 139 Audobon, John Jacob 166 Bailey, James Montgomery... 177 Bancroft, George 74 Barnard, Frederick A. P 179 Barnum, Phineas T 41 Barrett, Lawrence 1.56 Barton. Clara 209 Bavard, Thomas Francis 200 Beard, William H 196 Beauregard. Pierre G. T 2U3 Beecher. Henry Ward 26 Bell. Alexander Graham 96 Bennett, lames Gordon 206 Benton, Thomas Hart .")3 Bergh, Henry 160 Bierstadt, .Albert 197 Billings, Josh 166 Blaine, James Gillespie 22 Bland, Richard Parks 196 Boone, Daniel 36 Booth, Edwin -M Booth, Junius Brutus 177 Brice, CaU in S 181 Brooks, Philips l.SO Brown, John ... .SI Brown, Charles Farrar 91 Brush, Chailes Francis lo3 Bryan, William Jennings lo8 Bryant, William Cullen 44 Buchanan, Franklin 195 Buchanan, James 128 Buckner, Simon Boliver 18 I Burdette, Robert J 103 Burr, Aaron HI Butler, Benjamin Franklin .... 24 Calhoun, John Caldwell 23 Cameron, lames Donald 141 Cameron, Simon. 141 Canimack, Addison 197 Campbell, Alexander 180 Carlisle, John G 133 Carnegie, An Irew 73 Carpenter, Matthew Hale 173 Carson, Christopher (Kit).. .. 86 Cass, Lewis 1 10 Chase, Salmon Portland 6.5 Childs, George W 83 Choate, Rufus 207 Chaflin, Horace Brigham ll>7 Clay, Henry .' 21 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. . Mi Cleveland, Grover 174 Clews, Henry I.'i3 pa(;e Clinton, DeWitt 110 Colfax, Schuyler 139' Conkling, Allred 32 Conkling, Ri)SCoe 32 Cooley, Thomas .Mclntyre ... 140 Cooper, James Fenimore o8 Cooper, Peter 37 Coprly, John Singleton 191 Corbin, Austin 205 Corcoran, W. W 196 Cornell, Ezra 161 Cramp, William 189^ Crockett, David 76 Cullom, nhelby Moore 116 Curtis, George William 144 Cushman, Charlotte 107 Custer, George A 95 Dana. Charles A 88 "Ddnhury News Man" 177 Davenport, Fanny 106 Davis, Jefferson 24 Debs, Eugene \' 132 Decatur, Ster.hen 101 Deering, William.... 198 Depew, Chauncey Mitchell... 209^ Dickinson, Anna 103 Dickinson. Don .\I 139 Dinglcy, Nelson, Jr 215 Donnelly, Ignatius 161 Douglas, Stephen Arnold 5:1 Douglass, Frederick 4:i Dow, Neal 108. Diaper, John William 184 TABLE OF CONTENTS— PART I PAGE Urcxel. Anthony Joseph 124 Uupuni, Henry 198 1 \\s^ .V' i .-• F 'iOl i - 1«8 I !. Waldo 67 Kru,...,,, j..hh 127 Evans. William Maxwell »i Karragut, David Glascoe 80 Fii-Ul. L vrus Wi-st 173 Kicld. I liivi.l Dudley 126 Fir'.! M.irv!:n!! W I . ^- - . ■ • ' •'>■■ Gage, Lvman I ~\ Gallatin; Altari 112 Gartiild, Jaiiiis A \y Jones. James K 171 iones, John I'aul S*7 ones, Samuel I'orter 115 Kane, Elisha Kent 125 Kearney, Philip 210 Kenton! Simon lif Knox, John Jay 134 Lamar, Lucius Q. C 201 Landon, Melville D 109 Lee. Kolierl Edward 38 Lewis, Charles B 19:5 Lincoln. Aliraham l:« Livermore, Marv Ashton 131 Locke, David Ross 172 Loiian, |ohn .A 26 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 37 Longstreet, James 56 Lowell, lames Russell 104 Mackay, John William 148 Madison, lames 42 Marshall.John 156 Mather, Cotton 164 Mather, Increase 16;i Maxim, Hiram S 194 McClelUin.CieorRe Brinton 47 McCormick. Cvrus Hall 172 McDonouj;h. Com. Thomas.. . 167 McKinlev, William 217 Meade, George Gordon 75 Medill. Joseph 159 Miles, Nelson A 176 Miller, Cincinnatus Heine 218 Miller, Jo.-i.iuin 218 .Mills. KoKeryuarles. 211 Monroe, lames 54 MikkIv, Dwight L 207 Moran,Thoin;is 98 Morgan, John I'ierpont 208 Morgan, John T 216 Morris, Robert 165 Morse, Samuel F. B 124 Morton, Levi 1' 142 Morton, Oliver Perry 215 Motley, John Lathrop l-'W "Nye, Bill" 59 Nye, Edgar Wilson 59 I PAGE I O'Conor, Charles ll<7 I OIney, Richard 133 , Paine, Thomas 147 Palmer, John .M 195 \ Parkhursi, Charles Henry 160 \ "Partington, .Mrs." 202 Pealxidv, George 170 Peck, deorpe W 1X7 ' Peffer, William A 164 Perkins. Eli 109 Perrv, Oliver Hazard 97 Philfips, Wendell 30 Pierce, Franklin 122 Pingree, Hazen S 212 Plant, Henrv B 192 Po.-, Edgar Alleii 69 Polk. James Knox 102 Porter. David Dixon 68 Porter. N . 23« .'572 iU (122 Heaver W S (HN) Hehrcnds. B. 1< Hekemeyer. C. H :«»7 :i7:i 4.-.S Herrvhill. A. J Hinns. H. A Hltck (■ K »iS .-.i:i :i7:i HIackl.um. T. 1 Hlinn K D / . SKI 4(i:i Hock. Adam Hohan. Patrick Host Jacob 2.-.0 2;i2 .>4(l l^wles. C. H :iH2 Howies W II 4:12 Hojarth. J. \V M. 1>. Hrainard. H. 11 Hramman. A. J Hraucher. I). I Hrawley, J. K Krennan, Thoma.s :«i2 21M .-.4:1 :ui» 4«!l (M.-. Hresl. John Bridge. C. P Briees W T M-i flllH 2:1:1 Brock \V N 41HI Brown. H. B. M. U,. Biirchetl, Landrum... Burnt James :h:! :i.-Kt :i2:t Buizard. L. () 27!l famerer. T. N . C'arnahan. William 47li rhestnut, D. N :«W Chestnut. T. J •'.:» riark. K. D '.IH* Coflman. Levi ■•'•7 lollins. J. W :<42 Combs. Jonathan 4'^ Cook. W. H. B T.\ Corthon. A. S Xi>i Cosbv. H. L.. M. D :«1 Cosby. Noah .-.!>2 Cossitt, J. J .-.«.-> Cottle. F. W 474 Council. G. R "KM Council. Hardy .->:<1 Crane. MA '-m Criichfield, J. A 444 (urn,. J. D 44(t Dawson. S. C 4o:t Dittus. E. J 2.-.:i Dittus. Frederick :i2lt Downey. J. B .•«*< Downing. L. D 272 Downing. S. W :MI2 Downing. W. 1 2::>•-> Fenton. Thomas .KM* Finfrock. I. G IH4 Foley. J. B :H7 Fulsher. William .'.7:1 Fuson. I'. S :'72 c.addis. B. K :mi Gardner. B. F.. M. D 007 Gasaway J. Mc M-i (Jasaway. N. P .-.(W Gasawav. T. A HIO (;eml«:rlinR. J. A tMl Geml.erlinK. R. G 0:»:i (;ibson. Kdward .V.4 Gilchrist. David .'114 (iiichrist. D.J :wm Gilchrist. Robert 21»2 Gillette. J. D M'. Glenn. J. A Gobelman. Henry Grafl. Z. W Graham. J. C Green. J. T Grinter. J. K Groves. L. I (iruensfelder. Philip. Hainline. .Mien. . . . Hamsen. ,\. J Hammerton. J. H. Harley. F. M Harms. Nanke Harris. T. M Harris. John Harrison. J. B Harts. D. H Heckard. Frederick Henn. W. F Hill. Iriah Hoblit. Frank Hoblit. J. W Hoblit. Laban Hocrr. Frank Holland. Isaac Holmes. T. F Horn. J. A Horn, I'aulus Houston, W. J Howe. T. D Howser. J. W Hubbard. G. H.... Hungerford. William Hyde. J. F lies. Edward Jeckel. J. F Jewett, J. E Jones. W. B Johnston. James. . Johnston. William. Judy. Jacob Judy. J. 1 Kaesebier. W. C. R Kennedy. T. D Keys. Andrew Kiick. John Kincaid. W. R.. M. D Kirbv. W. H.. M. D.. 620 344 01 :< am 478 342 :i84 002 22:j 4:11 ■.r,4 447 370 :<:tn 227 200 .V«l :hm :W4 o:t2 .•SIM .wi :<8:< .. :t4-2 INDEX. Klokkeniia. Harm. Knaak, H Koch, \V. .\., M. U. Koehnle. F. C. \V Kretzinger. C. A. Kiiemniel, .\. F. . . I.achenmyer. J.J. Lanternian. Scott. Larison. .\bel.... Larison, J. H Lawrence, C. S. . . Lee, C. \V Lee. Maskel. M. I Lee. Peter Leach. \V. R Linbarger, E. S. . I-ogue, J. K Long. J. H Longan. J. N \V, Ma.son. J. O Matlock. \V. P.... Maus, Peter Maver. Jacob McCarrel. Hurlev . McCormick, J. D.. McCormick. W. \V. McClelland, W. E.. McLean, S. H.. M. McLellan. James. . Meister, J. L Melrose. James. . . . Merrv. H. O Miller, J. E Monnett. Richard. . Montgomery. H. C. Moos, E. M Moos. J. M Motz. Jacob Mountjoy, E. L . . . Mounljoy. J, I Mountjoy, \V. N. . . Murphy. Patrick. . . Murray, W. M: ... Myers. Squire Nail. K. P Neel. William H... Nicholson. E. B... Nine. C. E Nix, Jacob Nottelraann, H. H. Nycum, William.. . Obcamp. Peter. . . . O'Brien. Patrick.. . Oglevee, C. S Oldaker, J. W Ophardt, Peter. . . . Ovler, H. S., M. \>.. Oyler, I'. H., >L D.. ( Inon, 1". C" t>rton. L. O.. M. O.. I'aine, W. C, M. 1), . Parker. Jeremiah Pattison. T. R Paul. H. A. J Payne, W. G "•ease, .■\. J Pech. Robert Pegram, \V. A Perkins. Edwin C. . . . Potts, Mrs. Rachel A. Price, S. O Purviance, H. P (Juisenberry. Albert. . yuisenberry. Allen.. (Juisenberry, .\rthur. yuisenberry, G. H. . . Rademaker, N, T... Rankin, Sinnet Rayburn, G. T Read, J. T Reeder, C. C Reinders. Peter Keise. Frederick Reiterman, A. F Rigg. R. W., M. D.. Rimerman. Adolph.. Rimerman, William. Ritter. E. E Ritter. W. T Roberts, J. H Rodenbeek, A. E Romer, .-^nton Rothwell.J.M Rupp, William Russell, W. P Ryan, Patrick Sams, John Sandel, Peter. . . . Sargent, A. M.. M. D Sargent. Samuel. M. D Schaftenacker, Loui Schnathorst. F. W. Schonauer, Adam.. Schwerdtfeger. L. ( Scroggin, A. C Scroggin. L. K. . . . Seidel, W. E Sexton, J. W Shaw, William Sherwood. Isaac... Shirley, Henry.... Shockey. Daniel... Siebert, G. W Simcoe, Philander. Simpson. D. C Simpson. J. A Simpson, W. W. . . Sisson. E. E Smith, c;. H M. D Smith, Thoma Snook, J. A. . . Snook. T. I Snyder, T. O Sparks. J. D Sparks. Samuel Spinker. John Starr. Jacob Steen. P. H Stringer, L. B Strong, G. H Strong. John Stroud, W. B., Sr. Stroud. W. B., Jr.. Stryker, H. T Stults, B. F.. M. D Stumpf, Hartman. . Sulliyan, J. M SuUiyan. T. I Sumner. J. W Tabke. J. A Talraage. J. F Taylor. C. B.. M. D Taylor, J, C Taylo.-, G. C Telfer, P. J ... . Tidd, Joseph. . . Thomas. J. C, . . Thompson, A. S Thompson. Mrs. Clara Thompsoii, J. C, Jr Tomlinson, A. H.. Tomlinson, F. L, . Tomlinson, J. M. . Tuohy, James. . . . Turner, C. H Tuttle, F. M Tuttle, G. H Tuttle. T. D Tyler, C. W L'hle. William . . . Vanhise. Dayid. . . Van Gerpen, C. . . Verry, George. . . . Vonderlietb, A, O. Vonderlieth, G. W Wakeman, W. P. Walters. H. B Webster, J. T.. M. Wiemer, Henry.. Wigginton. John. . Wigginton. J. C. J Wigginton, W. W. Willbanks. J. T... Willmert. F. J... Willmert. J. H... Woland. S. J Wood. Z. K Worth. Murry.... Wyatt. W. D'. .... Youngberg. F. R. 42!) LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS _M^^^^l^i^ COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY Celebrated Americans "qJ^ '^(0? ?< ("l!? '^uS' ;^. ^^. iGi EORGE WASHINGTON, the first president of the Unit- ed States, called the "Father of his Country," was one of the most celebrated characters in history. He was born Feb- ruary 22. 1732, in Washing- ton Parish, Westmoreland county, Virginia. His father, Augustine Washington, first married Jane Butler, who bcre him four children, and March 'z. 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early childhood, and that his father there- upon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford county, on the north bank of the Rappahan- nock, and died there in 1 743. From earliest childhood George developed a noble charac- ter. His education was somewhat defective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighbor- ing school. On leaving school he resided some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guar- dian. George's inclinations were for a sea- faring career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him; butthrough the oppo- sition of his mother the project was aban- doned, and at the age of si.xteen he was appointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax. Three years were passed by Washington in a rough fron- tier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed adjutant, with' the rank of major. In 1752 Lawrence Washington died, leaving his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as an eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece, soon succeeded to that estate. In 1753 George was commis- sioned adjutant-general of the Virginia militia, and performed important work at the outbreak of the French and Indian war, was rapidly promoted, and at the close of that war we find him commander-in-chief of IS COMPE.XDILM OF lilOGHAPHr. all the forces raised in Virginia. A cessation of Indian hostilities on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, he resigned his commission as crmmander-in-chief of the V'irfjinia forces, and then proceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the Virginia Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17. 1759. Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Curtis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and devoted himself for the ensuing hfteen years tc the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by the annual attendance in winter upon the colonial legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his coun- try to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world-wide. The war for independence called Washington into service again, and he was made com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces, and was the most gallant and conspicuous fig-ure in that bloody struggle, serving until Eng- land acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them jointly, as separate sovereignties. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his officers in most affection- ate and patriotic terms, and went to An- napolis, Maryland, where the congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his commission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1789 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the na- tion. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multi- tude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. In the manifold de- tails of his civil administration Washington proved himsclffully equal to the requirements of his position. In 1 792. at the second presi- I dential election, Washington was desirous to retire; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen presi- dent. At the third election, in 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to con- sent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused, and after March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount N'ernon for peace, quiet, and repose. Of the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Ver- non and take command of all the United States forces, with rank of lieutenant-gen- eral, when war was threatened with France in 179S, nothing need here be stated, ex- cept to note the fact as an unmistakable testimonial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen of all shades of political opinion. He patriotic- ally accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His remains were depos- ited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac, at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, an eminent American statesman and scientist, was born of poor parentage, January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appren- ticed to his brother James to learn the print- er's trade to prevent his running away and going to sea, and also because of the numer- ous family his parents had to support (there being seventeen children, , Henjaniin being the fifteenth). He was a great reader, and soon developed a taste for writing, and pre- pared a number of articles and had them published in the paper without his brother s knowledge, and when the authorship be- came known it resulted in difficulty for tlie COMPENDIUM OF BlOGRAl'Hr. young apprentice, although his articles had been received with favor by the public. James was afterwards thrown into prison for political reasons, and young Benjamin con- ducted the paper alone during the time. In 1S23, however, he determined to endure his bonds no longer, and ran away, going to Philadelphia, where he arrived with only three pence as his store of wealth. With these he purchased three rolls, and ate them as he walked along the streets. He soon found employment as a journeyman printer. Two years later he was sent to England by the governor of Pennsylvania, and was promised the public printing, but did not get it. On his return to Philadelphia he estab- lished the "Pennsylvania Gazette," and soon found himself a person of great popu- larity in the province, his ability as a writer, philosopher, and politician having reached the neighboring colonies. He rapidly grew in prominence, founded the Philadelphia Li- brary in 1842, and two years later the American Philosophical Society and the University of Pennsylvania. He was made Fellow of the Royal Society in London in 1775. His world-famous investigations in electricity and lightning began in 1746. He became postmaster-general of the colonies in 1753, having devised an inter-colonial postal system. He advocated the rights of ; the colonies at all times, and procured the | repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. He was I elected to the Continental congress of 1775, and in 1776 was a signer of the Declaration | of Independence, being one of the commit- tee appointed to draft that paper. He rep- resented the new nation in the courts of Europe, especially at Paris, where his simple dignity and homely wisdom won him the admiration of the court and the favor of the people. He was governor of Pennsylvania tear vears; was also a member of the con- vention in 1787 that drafted the constitution of the United States. His writings upon political topics, anti- slavery, finance, and economics, stamp him as one of the greatest statesmen of his time, while his "Autobiography" and "Poor Richard's Almanac " give him precedence in the literary field. In early life he was an avowed skeptic in religious matters, but later in life his utterances on this subject were less extreme, though he never e.\- pressed approval of any sect or creed. He died in Philadelphia April 17, 1790. DANIEL WEBSTER— Of world wide reputation for statesmanship, diplo- macy, and oratory, there is. perhaps no more prominent figure in the history of our coun- try in the interval between 181 5 and i86r, than Daniel Webster. He was born at Salisbury (now Franklin), New Hampshire, January 18, 1782, and was the second son of Ebenezer and Abigail (Eastman) Webster. He enjoyed but limited educational advan- tages in childhood, but spent a few months in 1797, at Phillip Exeter Academy. He completed his preparation for college in the family of Rev. Samuel Wood, at Boscawen, and entered Dartmouth College in the fall of 1797. He supported himself most of the time during these years b\- teaching school and graduated in 1801, having the credit of being the foremost scholar of his class. He entered the law office of Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, at Salisbury. In 1S02 he con- tinued his legal studies at Fryeburg, Maine, where he was principal of the academy and copyist in the office of the register of deeds. In the office of Christopher Gore, at Boston, he completed his studies in 1804-5, ^nC coMr/:.\/>/i M oi'' HioiUiM'Hr. dent of the United States, his competitor being Thomas Jefferson, who became vice- president. In 1800 he was the Federal candidate for president, but he was not cordially supported by Gen. Hamilton, the favorite leader of his party, and was de- feated by Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Adams then retired from public life to his large estate at (,_)uincy, Mass. , where he died July 4, 1826, on the same day that witnessed the death of Thomas Jefferson. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was glad- dened by .the elevation of his son, John Quincy Adams, to the presidential office. HENRY WARD BEECHER, one of the most celebrated American preachers and authors, was born at Litchfield, Connec- ticut, June 24,181 3. His father was Dr. Ly- man Beecher. also an eminent divine. At an early age Henry Ward Beecher had a strong predilection for a sea-faring life, and it was practically decided that he would fol- low this inclination, but about this time, in consequence of deep religious impressions which he experienced during a revival, he renounced his former intention and decided to enter the ministry. After having grad- uated at Amherst College, in 1834, he stud- ied theology at Lane. Seminary under the tuition of his father, who was then president of that institution. In 1847 he became pas- tor of the Plymouth Congregational church in Brooklyn, where his oratorical ability and original eloquence attracted one of the larg- est congregations in the country. He con- tinued to served this church until the time of his death. March 8, 1887. Mr. Beecher als. 'ound time for a great amount of liter- ary wuik- For a number of years he was editor of the "Independent" and also the "Christian Union." He also produced many works which are widely known. Among his I principal productionsare "I^ecturesto Voung I Men." " Star Papers, " "Life of Christ." "Life Thoughts," "Royal Truths" (a novel), "Norwood," " Evolution and Rev- olution," and " Sermons on Evolution and Religion." Mr. Beecher was also long a prominent advocate of anti-slavery princi- ples and temperance reform, and. at a later period, of the rights of women. JOHN A. LOGAN, the illustrious states- man and general, was born in Jackson county, Illinois. February 9, 1824. In his boyhood days he received but a limited edu- cation in the schools of his native county. On the breaking out of the war with Me.vico he enlisted in the First Illinois Volunteers and became its quartermaster. At the close of hostilities he returned home and was elected clerk of the courts of Jackson county in 1849. Determining to supplement his education Logrm entered the Louisville Uni- versity, from which he graduated in 1852 and taking up the study of law was admitted to the bar. He attained popularity and suc- cess in his chosen profession and was elected to the legislature in 1852. 1853, 1856 and 1857. He was prosecuting attorney from 1853 to 1857. He was elected to congress in 1858 to till a vacancy and again in i860. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, Logan re- signed his office and entered the army, and in September. 1861. was appointed colonel of the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, which he led in the battles of Belmont and Fort Don- elson. In the latter engagement he was wounded. In March. 1SC2, he was pro- moted to be brigadier-general and in the following month participated in the battles of f'ittsburg Landing. In November, 1862, Of i«t uHWtRsaY Of ' COMPEXDIUM OF BlOGRAPlir. 29 for gallant conduct he was made major-gen- eral. Throughout the Vicksburg campaign he was in coininand of a division of the Sev- enteenth Corps and was distinguished at Port Gibson, Champion Kills and in the siege and capture cf Vicksburg. In Octobtr, 1863, he was placed in command of the Fifteenth Corps, which he led with great credit. During the terrible conflict before Atlanta, July 22, 1864, on the death of General McPherson, Logan, assuming com- mand of the Army of the Tennessee, led it on to victory, saving the day by his energy and ability. He was shortly after succeeded by General O. O. Howard and returned to the command of his corps. He remained in command until the presidential election, when, feeling that his influence was needed at home he returned thither and there re- mained until the arrival of Sherman at Sa- vannah, when General Logan rejoined his command. In May, 1865, he succeeded General Howard at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. He resigned from the army in August, the same year, and in November was appointed minister to Mexico, but de- clined the honor. He served in the lower house of the fortieth and forty-first con- gresses, and was elected United States sena- tor from his native state in 1870, 1878 and 1885. He was nominated for the vice-presi- dency in 1884 on the ticket with Blaine, but was defeated. General Logan was the author of " The Great Conspiracy, its origin and history," published in 1885. He died at Washington, December 26, 1886. JOHN CHARLES FREMONT, the first Republican candidate for president, was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 18 1 3. He graduated from Charleston Col- lege (South Carolina) in 1830, and turned his attention to civil engineering. He was shortly afterward employed in the department of government surveys on the Mississippi, and constructing maps of that region. He was made lieutenant of engineers, and laid be- fore the war department a plan for pene- trating the Rocky Mountain regions, which was accepted, and in 1S42 he set out upon his first famous exploring expedition and ex- plored the South Pass. He also planned an expedition to Oregon by a new route further south, but afterward joined his expedition with that of Wilkes in the region of the Great Salt Lake. He made a later expedi- tion which penetrated the Sierra Nevadas, and the San Joaquin and Sacramento river valleys, making maps of all regions explored. In 1845 he conducted the great expedi- tion which resulted in the acquisition of California, which it was believed the Mexi- can government was about to dispose of to England. Learning that the Mexican gov- ernor was preparing to attack the American settlements in his dominion, Fremont deter- mined to forestall him. The settlers rallied to his camp, and in June, 1846, he defeated the Mexican forces at Sonoma Pass, and a month later completely routed the governor and his entire army. The Americans at once declared their independence of Mexico, and Fremont was elected governor of Cali- fornia. By this time Commodore Stockton had reached the coast with instructions from Washington to conquer California. Fre- mont at once joined him in that effort, which resulted in the annexation of California with its untold mineral wealth. Later Fremont became involved in a difficulty with fellow officers which resulted in a court martial, and the surrender of his commission. He declined to accept reinstatement. He af- terward laid out a great road from the Mis- sissippi river to San Francisco, and became the first United States senator from Califor- ci>M/'EX/>/i w or nnx.iiAj'in'. nia, in 1849. In 1856 he was nominated by the new Republican party as its first can- didate for president afjaiiist Buchanan, and received 1 14 electoral votes, out of 29C. In 1S61 he was made major-general and placed in charge of the western department. He planned the reclaiming of the entire Mississippi valley, and gathered an army of thirty thousand men, with plenty of artil- lery, and was ready to move upon the con- federate General Price, when he was de- prived of his command. He was nominated for the presidency at Cincinnati in 1S64, but withdrew. He was governor of Arizona in 1S78, holding the position four years. He was interested in an enjjineering enterprise looking toward a great southern trans-con- tinental railroad, and in his later years also practiced law in New York. He died July 13, 1890. WENDELL PHILLIPS, the orator and abolitionist, and a conspicuous figure in American history, was born November 29, 181 1, at Boston, Massachusetts. He received a good education at Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1831, and then entered the Cambridge Law School. After completing his course in that institu- tion, in 1833, he was admitted to the bar, in 1S34, at Suffolk. He entered the arena of life at the time when the forces of lib- erty and slavery had already begun their struggle that was to culminate in the Civil war. William Lloyd Garrison, by his clear- headed, courageous declarations of the anti- slavery principles, had done much to bring about this struggle. Mr. Phillips was not a man that could stand aside and .see a great struggle being carried on in the interest of humanity and look passively on. He first attracted attention as an orator in 1S37, at a meeting that was called to protest against the murder of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy. The meeting would have ended in a few perfunctory resolutions had not Mr. Phillip? by his manly eloquence taken the meeting out of the hands of the few that were in- clined to temporize and avoid radical utter- ances. Having once started out in this ca- reer as an abolitionipt Phillips never swerved from what he deemed his duty, and never turned back. He gave up his legal practice and launched himself heart and soul in the movement for the liberation of the slaves. He was an orator of very great ability and by his earnest efforts and eloquence he did much in arousing public sentiment in behalf of the anti-slavery cause — possibly more than any one man of his time. After the abolition of slavery Mr. Piiillips was, if pos- sible, even busier than before m the literary and lecture field. Besides temperance and women's rights, he lectured often and wrote much on finance, and the relations of labor and capital, and his utterances on whatever subject always bore the stamp of having emanated from a master mind. Eminent Clitics have stated that it might fairly be questioned whether there has ever spoken in America an orator superior to Phillips. The death of this great man occurred Feb- ruary 4, 1884. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN was one of the greatest generals that the world has ever produced and won im- mortal fame by that strategic and famous " march to the sea, " in the war of the Re- bellion. He was born February 8, 1S20. at Lancaster, Ohio, and was reared in the family of the Hon. Thomas Ewing, as his father died when he was but nine years of age. He entered West Point in 1836, was graduated from the same in 1S40, and ap- pointed a second lieutenant in the Third COMPEXDIi'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 31 Artillery. He passed through the various grades of the service and at the outbreak of the Civil war was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth Regular Infantry. A full history of General Sherman's conspicuous services would be to repeat a history of the army. He commanded a division at Shiloh, and was instrumental in the winning of that bat- tle, and was also present at the siege of Vicks- burg. On July 4, 1S63, he was appointed brigadier-general of the regular army, and shared with Hooker the victory of Mission- ary Ridge. He was commander of the De- partment of the Tennessee from October 27th until the appointment of General Grant as lieutenant-general, by whom he was appointed to the command of the De- partment of the Mississippi, which he as- sumed in March, 1864. He at once began organizing the army and enlarging his com- munications preparatory to his march upon Atlanta, which he started the same time of the beginning of the Richmond campaign by Grant. He started on May 6, and was op- posed by Johnston, who had fifty thousand men, but by consummate generalship, he captured Atlanta, on September 2, after several months of hard fighting and a severe loss of men. General Sherman started on his famous march to the sea November 15, 1864, and by December 10 he was before Savannah, which he took on December 23. This cam.paign is a monument to the genius of General Sherman as he only lost 567 men from Atlanta to the sea. After rest- ing his army he moved northward and occu- pied the following places: Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville, Ayersboro, Benton- ville, Goldsboro, Raleigh, and April 18, he accepted the surrender of Johnston's army on a basis of agreement that was not re- ceived by the Government with favor, but finally accorded Johnston the same terms as Lee was given by General Grant. He was present at the grand review at Washington, and after the close of the war was appointed to the command of the military division of the Mississippi; later was appointed lieu- tenant-general, and assigned to the military division of the Missouri. When General Grant was elected president Sherman became general, March 4, 1869, and succeeded to the command of the army. His death oc- curred February 14, 1891, at Washington. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, one of the most prominent of the early American statesmen and financiers, was born in Nevis, an island of the West Indies, January 11, 1757, his father being a Scotchman and his mother of Huguenot descent. Owing to the death of his mother and business reverses which came to his father, young Hamilton was sent to his mother's relatives in Santa Cruz; a few years later was sent to a gram- mar school at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and in 1773 entered what is now known as Columbia College. Even at that time he began taking an active part in public affairs and his speeches, pamphlets, and newspaper articles on political affairs of the day at- tracted considerable attention. In 1776 he received a captain's commission and served in Washington's army with credit, becoming aide-de-camp to Washington with rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1781 he resigned his commission because of a rebuke from Gen- eral Washington. He next received com- mand of a New York battalion and partici- pated in the battle of Yorktown. After this Hamilton studied law, served several terms in congress and was a member of the convention at which the Federal Constitu- tion was drawn up. His work connected with " The Federalist " at about this time attracted much attention. Mr. Hamilton COMl'EXniCM OF BIOGRAriir. was chosen as the first secretary of the United States treasury and as such was the author of the funding system and founder of the United States Bank. In 1798 he was made inspector-general of the army with the rank of major-general and was also for a short time commander-in-chief. In 1804 Aaron Hurr. then candidate for governor of New York, challenged Alexander Hamilton to fight a duel, Burr attributing his defeat to Hamilton's opposition, and Hamilton, though declaring the code as a relic of bar- barism, accepted the challenge. They met at Weehawken, New Jersey. July 11, 1804. Hamilton declined to fire at his adversary, but at Burr's first fire was fatally wounded and died July 12, 1804. ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPH- ENS, vice-president of the southern confederacy, a former United States senator and governor of Georgia, ranks among the great men of American history. He was born February 11, 1812, near Crawfordsville, Georgia. He was a graduate of the Uni- versity of Georgia, and admitted to the bar in 1834. In 1837 he made his debut in political life as a member of the state house of representatives, and in 1 841 declined the nomination for the same office; but in 1842 he was chosen by the same constituency as state senator. Mr. Stephens was one of the promoters of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. In 1843 he was sent by his dis- trict to the national house of representatives, which office he held for si.xteen consec- utive years. He was a member of the house during the passing of the Compromise Bill, and was one of its ablest and most active supporters. The same year (1850) Mr. Stephens was a delegate to the state convention that framed the celebrated " Georgia Platform," and was also a dele- gate to the convention that passed the ordi- nance of secession, though he bitterly op- posed that bill by voice and vote, yet he readily acquiesced in their decision after it received the votes of the majority of the convention. He was chosen vice-president of the confederacy without opposition, and in 1865 he was the head of the commis- sion sent by the south to the Hampton Roads conference. He was arrested after the fall of the confederacy and was con- fined in Fort Warren as a prisoner of state but was released on his own parole. Mr. Stephens was elected to the forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-si.xth and for- ty-seventh congresses, with hardly more than nominal opposition. He was one of the Jeffersonian school of American politics. He wrote a number of works, principal among which are: "Constitutional X'iew of the War between the States," and a " Compendium of the History of the United States." He was inaugurated as governor of Georgia November 4th, 1882, but died March 4, 1883, before the completion of his term. ROSCOE CONKLING was one of the most noted and famous of American statesmen. He was among the most fin- ished, fluent and eloquent orators that have ever graced the halls of the American con- gress; ever ready, witty and bitter in de- bate he was at once admired and feared by his political opponents and revered by his followers. True to his friends, loyal to the last degree to those with whom his inter- ests were associated, he was unsparing to his foes and it is. said "never forgot an injury." Roscoe Conkling was born at Albany, New York, on the 30th of October, 1829, being a son of Alfred Conkling. Alfred Conkling was also a native of New York. COMPliXniLM OF BIOC.RAI'lir, 33 born at East Hampton, October 12, 1789, and became one of the most eminent law- yers in the Empire state; published several legal works; served a term in congress; aft- erward as United States district judge for Northern New York, and in 1852 was min- ister to Mexico. Alfred Conkling died in 1874. Roscoe Conkling, whose name heads this article, at an early age took up the study of law and soon became successful and prominent at the bar. About 1846 he re- moved to Utica and in 1858 was elected mayor of that city. He was elected repre.- sentative in congress from this district and was re-elected three times. In 1867 he was elected United States senator from the state of New York and was re-elected in 1873 and 1879. In May, 1881, he resigned on account of differences with the president. In March, 1882, he was appointed and con- firmed as associate justice of the United States supreme court but declined to serve. His death occurred April 18, 1888. WASHINGTON IRVING, one of the most eminent, talented and popu- lar of American authors, was born in New York City, April 3, 1783. His father was William Irving, a merchant and a native of Scotland, who had married an English lady and emigrated to America some twenty years prior to the birth of Washington. Two of the older sons, William and Peter, were partially occupied with newspaper work and literary pursuits, and this fact naturally inclined Washington to follow their example. Washington Irving was given the advantages afforded by the common schools until about sixteen years of age when he began studying law, but continued to acquire his literary training by diligent perusal at home of the older English writers. When nineteen he made his first literary venture by printing in the ' ' Morning Chroni- cle," then edited by his brother, Dr. Peter Irving, a series of local sketches under the nom-dc-plumc oi "Jonathan Oldstyle." In 1804 he began an extensive trip through Europe, returned in 1806, quickly com- pleted his legal studies and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced the profession. In 1807 he began the amusing serial "Sal- magundi," which had an immediate suc- cess, and not only decided his future career but long determined the charac- ter of his writings. In 1S08, assisted by his brother Peter, he wrote " Knickerbock- er's History of New York," and in 1810 an excellent biography of Campbell, the poet. After this, for some time, Irving's attention was occupied by mercantile interests, but the commercial house in which he was a partner failed in 18 17. In 18 14 he was editor of the Philadelphia " Analectic Maga- zine." About 1818 appeared his "Sketch- Book, " over the iioin-dc-plume of ' 'Geoffrey Crayon," which laid the foundation of Ir- ving's fortune and permanent fame. This was soon followed by the legends of "Sleepy Hollow," and " Rip Van Winkle," which at once took high rank as literary productions, and Irving's reputation was firmly established in both the old and new worlds. After this the path of Irving was smooth, and his subsequent writings ap- peared with rapidity, including "Brace- bridge Hall," "The Tales of a Traveler," "History of the Life and Voyages of Chris- topher Columbus," "The Conquest of Granada," "The Alhambra," " Tour on the Prairies," "Astoria," "Adventures of Captain Bonneville," "Wolfert's Roost," " Mahomet and his Successors," and "Life of Washington," besides other works. Washington Irving was never married. ;t4 co.\//'/-:\D/i M OF /uu(i/iA/'j/y. He resided during the closing years of his life at Sunnyside (Tarrytown) on the Hud- son, where Ke died November 28, 1859. CHARLES SUMNER.— Boldly outlined on the papes of our history stands out the ru^;ged fifjure of Charles Sumner, states- man, lawyer and writer. A man of unim- peachable intej^rity. indomitable will and with the power of tireless toil, he was a fit leader in troublous times. First in rank as an anti-slavery leader in the halls of con- gress, he has stamped his imaf^e upon the annals of his time. As an orator he took front rank and, in wealth of illustration, rhetoric and lofty tone his eloquence equals anything to be found in history. Charles Sumner was born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 6. 1811, and was the son of Charles P. and Relief J. Sumner. The family had long been prominent in that state. Charles was educated at the Boston Public Latin School; entered Harvard Col- lege in 1826, and graduated therefrom in 1830. In 1 83 1 he joined the Harvard Law School, then under charge of Judge Story, and gave himself up to the study of law with enthusiasm. His leisure was devoted to contributing to the American Jurist. Ad- mitted to the bar in 1834 he was appointed reporter to the circuit court by Judge Story. He published several works about this time, and from 1835 to 1837 and again in 1843 was lecturer in the law school. He had planned a lawyer's life, but in 1S45 he gave his attention to politics, speakingaiui working against the admission of Texas to the Union and subsequently against the Mexican war. In 1848 he was defeated for congress on the Free Soil ticket. His stand on the anti- slavery question at that time alienated both friends and clients, but he never swerved from his convictions. In 1851 he was elected to the United States senate and took his seat therein December 1 of that year. From this time his life became the history of the anti-slavery cause in congress. In August, 1852. he began his attacks on slavery by a masterly argument for the repeal of the fugitive slave law. On May 22, 1S56, Pres- ton Brooks, nephew of Senator Butler, of South Carolina, made an attack upon Mr. Sumner, at his desk in the senate, striking him over the head with a heavy cane. The attack was quite serious in its effects and kept Mr. Sumner absent from his seat in the senate for about four years. In 1857, 1863 and 1 869 he was re-elected to the office of senator, passing some twenty-three years in that position, always advocating the rights of freedom and equity. He died March 11, 1874- THOMAS JEFFERSON, the third pres- ident of the United States, was born near Charlottesville, Albemarle county, Vir- ginia, April 13, 1743, and was the son of Peter and Jane (Randolph* Jefferson. He received the elements of a good education, and in 1760 entered William and Mary Col- lege. After remaining in that institution for two years he took up the study of law with George Wythe, of Williamsburg, \irginia, one of the foremost lawyers of his day, and was admitted to practice in 1767. He ob- tained a large and profitable practice, which he held for eight years. The conflict be- tween Great Britain and the Colonies then drew him into public life, he having for some time given his attention to the study of the sources of law, the origin of liberty and equal rights. Mr. Jefferson was elected to the Virginia hoHse of burgesses in 1769, and served in that body several years, a firm supporter of liberal measures, and, although a slave- COM/'/:\/)/C.}f OF BIOGRAI'lir 35 holder himself, an opponent of slavery. With othurs, he was a leader among the op- position to the king. He took his place as a member of the Continental congress June 21, 1775, and after serving on several com- mittees was appointed to draught a Declara- tion of Independence, which he did, some corrections being suggested by Dr. Franklin and John Adams. This document was pre- sented to congress June 28, 1776, and after six days' debate was passed and was signed. In the following September Mr. Jefferson resumed his seat in the Virginia legislature, and gave much time to the adapting of laws of that state to the new condition of things. He drew up the law, the first ever passed by a legislature or adopted by a government, which secured perfect religious freedom. June I, 1779, he succeeded Patrick Henry as governor of Virginia, an office which, after co operating with Washington in de- fending the country, he resigned two 3'ears later. One of his own estates was ravaged by the British, and his house at Monticello was held by Tarleton for several days, and Jtfferson narrowly escaped capture. After the death of his wife, in 17S2, he accepted the position of plenipotentiary to France, which he had declined in 1776. Before leaving he served a short time in congress at Annapolis, and succeeded in carrying a bill for establishing our present decimal s\s- tem of currency, one of his most useful pub- lic services. He remained in an official ca- pacity until October, 1789, and was a most active and vigilant minister. Besides the onerous duties of Lis office, during this time, he published "Notes on Virginia," sent to the United States seeds, shrubs and plants, forwarded literary and scientific news and gave useful advice to some of the leaders of the French Revolution. Mr. JefTerson landed in Virginia Novem- ber 18, 1789, having obtained a leave of absence from his post, and shortly after ac- cepted Washington's offer of the portfolio of the department of state in his cabinet. He entered upon the duties of his office in March, 1791, and held it until January i, 1794, when he tendered his resignation. About this time he and Alexander Hamilton became decided and aggressive political op- ponents, Jefferson being in warm sympathy with the people in the French revolution and strongly democratic in his feelings, whije Hamilton took the opposite side. In 1796 Jefferson was elected vice-president of the United States. In 1800 he was elected to the presidency and was inaugurated March 4, 1801. During his administration, which lasted for eight years, he having been re-elected in 1804, he waged a successful war against the Tripolitan pirates; purchased Louisiana of Napoleon; reduced the public debt, and was the originator of many wise measures. Declining a nomination for a third term he returned to Monticello, where he died July 4, 1826, but a few hours before the death of his friend, John Adams. Mr. Jefferson was married January i, 1772, to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a young, beautiful, and wealthy widow, who died September 6, 1782, leaving three children, three more having died previous to her demise. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, known as ' ' Commodore " Vanderbilt, was the founder of what constitutes the present im- mense fortune of the Vanderbilt family. He was born May 27, 1794, at Port Richmond, Staten Island, Richmond county, New York, and we find him at sixteen years run- ning a small vessel between his home and New York City. The fortifications of Sta- ten and Long Islands were just in course of coMPjixniLM OF liioGHArin: construction, and he carried the laborers from New York to the fortifications in his " perianf;er, " as it was called, in the day, and at nif;ht carried supplies to the fort on the Hudson. Later he removed to New York, where he added to his little fleet. At the age of twenty- three he was free from debt and was worth $9,000, and in 181 7, with a partner he built the first steamboat that was run between New York and New Brunswick, New Jersey, and became her captain at a salary of $1,000 a year. The next j'ear he took command of a larger and better boat and by 1824 he was in complete control of the Gibbon's Line, as it was called, which he had brought up to a point where it paid $40,000 a year. Commodore Vanderbilt acquired the ferry between New York and Eli/abethport, New Jersey, on a fourteen years' lease and conducted this on a paying basis. He severed his connections with G.bbons in 1829 and engaged in business alone and for twenty years he was the leading steamboat man in the country, building and operating steamboats on the Hudson River, Long Island Sound, on the Delaware River and the route to Boston, and he had the monopoly of trade on these routes. In 1S50 he determined to broaden his field of operation and accordingly built the steamship Prometheus and sailed for the Isthmus of Darien, where he desired to make a personal investigation of the pros- pects of the American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, in which he had pur- chased a controlling interest. Commodore Vanderbilt planned, as a result of this visit, a transit route (rofu Greytown on the At- lantic coast to San Juan del Sud on the Pa- cific coast, which was a saving of 700 miles over the old route. In 1851 he placed three steamers on the Atlantic side and four on the Pacific side to accommodate the cnor- j mous traffic occasioned by the discovery of gold in California. The following year three more vessels were added to his fleet I and a branch line established from New I Orleans to Greytown. In 1853 the Com- I modore sold out his Nicaraugua Transit Com- pany, which had netted him $1,000,000 and built the renowned steam yacht, the ■' North Star." He continued in the ship- ping business nine years longer and accu- mulated some $10,000,000. In 1861 he presented to the government his magnifi- cent steamer " \'anderbilt, " which had cost him $800,000 and for which he received the thanks of congress. In 1844 he became interested in the railroad business which he followed in later years and became one of the greatest railroad magnates of his time. He founded the Vanderbilt University at a cost of $1,000,000. He died January 4, 1S77, leaving a fortune estimated at over $100,000,000 to his children. DANIEL BOONE was one of the most famous of the many American scouts, pioneers and hunters which the early settle- ment of the western states brought into prominence. DanJfel Boone was born Feb- ruary II, 1735, in Bucks county, Pennsyl- vania, but while yet a young man removed to North Carolina, where he was married. In 1769, with five companions, he pene- trated into the forests and wilds of Kentucky — then uninhabited by white men. He had frequent conflicts with the Indians and was captured by them but escaped and continued to hunt in and explore that region for over a year, when, in 1771, he returned to his home. In the summer of 1773, he removed with his own and five other families into what was then the wilderness of Kentucky, and to defend his colony against the savages, he built, in 1775, a fort at Boonesborough. COMrEXDllWf OF BIOGRAriir. 37 on the Kentucky river. This fort was at- tacked by the Indians several times in 1777, but they were repulsed. The following year, however, Boone was surprised and captured by them. They took him to De- troit and treated him with leniency, but he soon escaped and returned to his fort which he defended with success against four hun- dred and fifty Indians in August, 1778. His son, Enoch Boone, was the first white male child born in the state of Kentucky. In 1795 Daniel Boone removed with his family to Missouri, locating about forty-five miles west of the present site of St. Louis, where he found fresh fields for his favorits pursuits — adventure, hunting, and pioneer life. His death occurred September 20, 1820. HENRY W.\DS\VORTH LONGFEL- LOW, said to have been America's greatest "poet of the people," was born at Portland, Maine, February 27, 1807. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of four- teen, and graduated in 1825. During his college days he distinguished himself in mod- ern languages, and wrote several short poems, one of the best known of which was the "Hymn of the Moravian Nuns." After his graduation he entered the law office of his father, but the following year was offered the professorship of modern languages at Bowdoin, with the privilege of three years study in Europe to perfect himself in French, Spanish, Italian and German. After the three years were passed he returned to the United States and entered upon his profes- sorship in 1829. His first volume was a small essay on the "Moral and Devotional Poetry of Spain" in 1833. In 1835 he pub- lished some prose sketches of travel under the title of "Outre Mer, a Pilgrimage be- yond the Sea." In 1835 he was elected to the chair of modern languages and literature at Harvard University and spent a year in I Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland, culti- vating a knowledge of early Scandinavian t literature and entered upon his professor- ship in 1836. Mr. Longfellow published in I 1 839 " Hyperion, a Romance, '" and ' ' Voices ; of the Night, " and his first volume of original I verse comprising the selected poems of j twenty years work, procured him immediate I recognition as a poet. " Ballads and other 1 poems" appeared in 1842, the "Spanish I Student" a drama in three acts, in 1843, I "The Belfry of Bruges " in 1846, "Evan- ! geline, a Tale of Acadia," in 1847, which I was considered his master piece. In 1845 he published a large volume of the "Poets and Poetry of Europe," 1849 " Kavanagh, a Tale," ''The Seaside and Fireside" in 1850, "The Golden Legend "in 1851, "The Song of Hiawatha " in 1855, " The Court- ship of Miles Standish " in 1858, " Tales of a Wayside Inn " in 1863; " Flower de Luce' in 1866;" "New England Tragedies" in 1869; "The Divine Tragedy" in 1871; "Three Books of Song" in 1872; "The Hanging of the Crane " in 1874. He also published a masterly translation of Dante in 1867-70 and the " Morituri Salutamus," a poem read at the fiftieth anniversary of his class at Bowdoin College. Prof. Long- fellow resigned his chair at Harvard Univer- sity in 1854, but continued to reside at Cam- bridge. Some of his poetical works have been translated into many languages, and their popularity rivals that of the best mod- ern English poetry. He died March 24, 1882, but has left an imperishable fame as one of the foremost of .American poets. PETER COOPER was in three partic- ulars — as a capitalist and manufacturer, as an inventor, and as a philanthropist — connected intimately with sotne of the most 88 CUMfh.MHI. M uJ- JyJuuh'A/'f/y. important and useful accessions to the in- dustrial arts (>( Anier'ca, its progress in in- ve lion and the promotion of educational and bene\t lent institutions intended for the facnt-fit of people at large. He was born in New York city. February I2, 1791. His life was one of labor and struggle, as it was with most of America's successful men. In early bo\hood he commenced to help his 'ather as a manufacturer of hats. He at- tended school only for half of each day for a single year, and beyond this his acquisi- tions were all his own. When seventeen years old he was placed with John Wood- ward to learn the trade of coach-making and served his apprenticeship so satisfactorily that his master oP"red to set him up in busi- ness, but this he declined because of the debt and obligation it would involve. The foundation of Mr. Cooper's fortune was laid in the invention of an improvement in machines for shearing cloth. This was largely called into use during the war of 1812 with England when all importations of cloth from that country were stopped. The machines lost their value, however, on the declaration of peace. Mr. Cooper then turned his shop into the manufacture of cabinet ware. He aftersvards went into the grocery business in New York and finally he engaged in the manufacture of glue and isin- glass which he carried on for more than fifty years. In 1830 he erected iron works in Canton, near Baltimore. Subsequently he erected a rolling and a wire mill in the city of New York, in which he first success- fully applied anthracite to the puddling of iron. In these works, he was the first to roll wrought- iron beams fur lire-proof build- ings. These works grew to be very exten- sive, including mines, blast furnaces, etc. While in Haltimore Mr. Cooper built in 1830, after his own designs, the first loco- ' motive engine ever constructed on this con- tinent and it was successfully operated on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. He also j took a great interest and invested large cap- ital in the 3xtension of the electric telegraph. I also in the laying of the first Atlantic cable; besides interesting himself largely in the New York state canals. But the most : cherished object of Mr. Cooper's life was the establishment of an institution for the I instruction of the industrial classes, which 1 he carried out on a magnificent scale in New I York city, where the "Cooper Union" j ranks among the most important institu- tions. In May. 1876. the Independent party nominated Mr. Cooper for president of the United States, and at the election following he received nearly 100.000 votes. His dea:h occurred April 4. 1S83. GZNERAL ROBERT EDWARD LEE. one of the most conspicuous Confeder- ate generals during the Civil war, and one of the ablest military commanders of mod- ern times, was born at Stratford House, Westmoreland county, Virginia, January 19, 1807. In 1825 he entered the West Point academy and was graduated second in his class in 1829, and attached to the army as second lieutenant of engineers. For a number of years he was thus engaged in en- gineering work, aiding in establishing the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan, and superintended various river and harbor improvements, becoming captain of engi- neers in 1838. He first saw field service in the Mexican war, and under General Scott pirformed valuable and efficient service. In that brilliant campaign he was conspicu- ous for professional ability as well as gallant and meritorious conduct, winning in quick succession the brevets of major, lieutenant COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPlir. colonel, and colonel for his part in the bat- tles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Chapultepec, and in the capture of the city Mexico. At the close of that war he re- sumed his engineering work in connection with defences along the Atlantic coast, and from 1852 to 1855 was superintendent of the Military Academy, a position which he gave up to become lieutenant-colonel of the Second Cavalry. For several years there- after he served on the Texas border, but happening to be near Washington at the time of John Brown's raid, October 17 to 25, 1859, Colonel Lee was placed in com- mand of the Federal forces employed in its repression. He soon returned to his regi- ment in Texas where he remained the greater part of i860, and March 16, 1 861, became colonel of his regiment by regular promotion. Three weeks later, April 25, he resigned upon the secession of Virginia, went at once to Richmond and tendered his services to the governor of that state, being by acclamation appointed commander-in- chief of its military and naval forces, with the rank of major-general. He at once set to work to organize and develop the defensive resources of his state and within a month directed the occupation in force of Manassas Junction. Meanwhile Virginia having entered the confederacy and Richmond become the capitol, Lee became one of the foremost of its military officers and was closely connected with Jefferson Davis in planning the moves of that tragic time. Lee participated in many of the hardest fought battles of the war among which were Fair Oaks, White Lake Swamps, Cold Harbor, and the Chickahominy, Ma- nassas, Cedar Run, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Malvern Hill, Get- tysburg, the battles of the Wilderness cam- paign, all the campaigns about Richmond, Petersburg, Five Forks, and others. Lee's surrender at Appomatox brought the war to a close. It is said of General Lee that but few commanders in history have been so quick to detect the purposes of an opponent or so quick to act upon it. Never surpassed, if ever equaled, in the art of winning the passionate, personal love and admiration of his troops, he acquired and held an influ- ence over his army to the very last, founded upon a supreme trust in his judgment, pre- science and skill, coupled with his cool, stable, equable courage. A great writer has said of him: "As regards the proper meas- ure of General Lee's rank among the sol- diers of history, seeing what he wrought with such resources as he had, under all the disadvantages that ever attended his oper- ations, it is impossible to measure what he might have achieved in campaigns and bat- tles with resources at his own disposition equal to those against which he invariably contended." Left at the close of the war without es- tate or profession, he accepted the presi- dency of Washington College at Lexington, Virginia, where he died October 12, 1870. JOHN JAY, first chief-justice of the United States, was born in New York, December 12, 1745. He took up the study of law, graduated from King's College (Columbia College), and was admitted to the bar in 1768. He was chosen a member of the committee of New York citizens to protest against the enforcement by the British government of the Boston Port Bill, was elected to the Continental congress which met in 1774, and was author of the addresses to the people of Great Britian and of Canada adopted by that and the suc- ceeding congress. He was chosen to the provincial assembly of his own state, and 10 LO.MI'HM'ILM UJ- JJKn./iA/'J/r. resigned from the Continental congress to serve in that body, wrote most of its public papers, including the constitution of the new state, and was then made chief-justice. He was af;ain chosen as a member of the Con- tinental congress in 1778. and became presi- dent of that body. He was sent to Spain as minister in 1780, and his services there resulted in substantial and moral aid for the struggling colonists. Jay, Franklin, and Adams negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1782, and Jay was ap- pointed secretary of foreign affairs in 1784, and held the position until the adoption of the Federal constitution. During this time he had contributed strong articles to the "Federalist" in favor of the adoption of the constitution, and was largely instru- mental in securing the ratification of that instrument by his state. He was appointed by Washington as first chief-justice of the United Slates in 1789. In this high capac- ity the great interstate and international questions that arose for immediate settle- ment came before him for treatment. In 1794, at a time when the people in gratitude for the aid that France had ex- tended to us, were clamoring for the privilege of going to the aid of that nation in her struggle with Great Britain and her own op- pressors, John Jqy was sent to England as special envoy to negotiate a treaty with that power. The instrument known as "Jay's Treaty " was the result, and while in many of its features it favored our nation, yet the neutrality clause in it so angered the masses that it was denounced throughout the entire country, and John Jay was burned in effigy in the city of New York. The treaty was finally ratified by Washington, and approved, in August, 1795. Having been elected governor of his state for three consecutive terms, he then retired from active life, declining an appointment as I chief-justice of the supreme court, made by ! John Adams and confirmed by the senate. I He died in New York in 1S29. PHILLIP HENRY SHERIDAN was one of the greatest American cavalry generals. He was born March 6, 1831, at Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, and was ap- pointed to the United States Military Acad- emy at West Point, from which he graduat- ed and was assigned to the First Infantry as brevet second lieutenant July i, 1853. After serving in Texas, on the Pacific coast, in Washington and Oregon territories until the fall of 1861. he was recalled to the states and assigned to the army of south- west ?dissouri as chief quartermaster from the duties of which he was soon relieved. After the battle of Pea Ridge, he was quar- termaster in the Corinth campaign, and on May 25 he was appointed colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry. On July i, in command of a cavalry brigade, he defeated a superior force of the enemy and was com- missioned brigadier-general of volunteers. General Sheridan was then transferred to the army of the Ohio, and commanded a division in the battle of Perrysville and also did good service at the battle of Murfrees- boro, where he was commissioned major- general of volunteers. He fought with great gallantry at Chickamauga, after which Rosecrans was succeeded by General Grant, under whom Sheridan fought the battle of Chattanooga and won additional renown. Upon the promotion of Grant to lieutenant- general, he applied for the transfer of Gen- eral Sheridan to the east, and appoint d him chief of cavalry in the army of the Potomac. During the campaign of 1S64 the cavalry coV( red the front and flank-: oi the inia: trv until M.i\ S, when it was wii.> coMrEXDiiwr of niOGRArifr. drawn and General Sheridan started on a raid against the Confederate lines of com- munication with Richmond and on May 25 he rejoined the army, having destroyed con- siderable of the confederate stores and de- feated their cavalry under General Stuart at Yellow Tavern. The outer line of defences around Richmond were taken, but the sec- ond line was too strong to be taken by as- sault, and accordingly Sheridan crossed the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, reaching James River May 14, and thence by White House and Hanover Court House back to the army. The cavalry occupied Cold Harbor May 31, which they held until the arrival of the infantry. On General Sheri- dan's next raid he routed Wade Hampton's cavalry, and August 7 was assigned to the command of the Middle Military division, and during the campaign of the Shenan- doah Valley he performed the unheard of feat of " destroying an entire army." He was appointed brigadier-general of the reg- ular army and for his victory at Cedar Creek he was promoted to the rank of major-gen- eral. General Sheridan started out Febru- ary 27, 1865, with ten thousand cavalry and destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River Canal and joined the army again at Petersburg March 27. He commanded at the battle of Five Forks, the decisive victory which compelled Lee to evacuate Petersburg. On April 9, Lee tried to break through Sheridan's dismounted command but when the General drew aside his cavalry and disclosed the deep lines of infantry the attempt was abandoned. Gen- eral Sheridan mounted his men and was about tc charge when a white flag was flown at the head of Lee's column which betokened the surrender of the army. After the war Gen- eral Sheridan had command of the army of the southwest, of the gulf and the depart- ment of Missouri until he was appointed lieutenant-general and assigned to the di- vision of Missouri with headquarters at Chi- cago, and assumed supreme command of the army November i, 1883. which post he held until his death. August 5, 1888. PHINEAS T. BARNUM. the greatest showman the world has ever seen, was born at Danbury. Connecticut, July 5, 1810. At the age of eighteen years he began busi- ness on his own account. He opened a re- tail fruit and confectionery house, including a barrel of ale, in one part of an old car- riage house. He spent fifty dollars in fitting up the store and the stock cost him seventy dollars. Three years later he put in a full stock, such as is generally carried in a country store, and the same year he started a Democratic newspaper, known as the "Herald of Freedom." He soon found himself in jail under a sixty days' sentence for libel. During the winter of 1834-5 he went to New York and began soliciting busi- ness for several Chatham street houses. In 1835 he embarked in the show business at Niblo's Garden, having purchased the cele- brated " Joice Heth" for one thousand dol- lars. He afterward engaged the celebrated athlete, Sig. Vivalia, and Barnum made his " first appearance on any stage, " acting as a "super" to Sig. Vivalia on his opening night. He became ticket seller, secretary and treasurer of Aaron Turner's circus in 1836 and traveled with it about the countrv. His next venture was the purchase 01 a steamboat on the Mississippi, and engasred a theatrical company to show in the princi- pal towns along that river. In 1840 he opened \aux Hall Garden, New York, with variety performances, and introduced the celebrated jig dancer, John Diamond, to the public. The next year he quit ihe show 42 coMrEXDii.M OF moGRAriir. business and settled down in New York as agent of Sear's Pictorial Illustration of the Bible, but a few months later again leased \'aux Hall. In September of the same year be again left the business, and became "pufT" writer for the Bowery Amphitheater. In December he bought the Scudder Museum, and a year later introduced the celebrated Tom Thumb to the world, taking him to England in 1844, and remaining there three years. He then returned to New York, and in 1849, through James Hall Wilson, he en- gaged the "Swedish Nightingale," Jenny Lind, to come to this country and make a tour under his management. He also had sent the Swiss Bell Ringers to America in 1844. He became owner of the Baltimore Museum and the Lyceum and Museum at Philadelphia. In 1850 he brought a dozen elephants from Ceylon to make a tour of this country, and in 1S51 sent the " Bateman Children" to London. During 185 1 and 1S52 he traveled as a temperance lecturer, and became president of a bank at Pequon- nock, Connecticut. In 1852 he started a weekly pictorial paper known as the " Illus- trated News." In 1865 his Museum was destroyed by fire, and he immediately leased the \\'inter Garden Theatre, where he played his company until he opened his own Museum. This was destroyed by fire in 1868, and he then purchased an interest in the George Wood Museum. After dipping into politics to some ex- tent, he began his career as a really great showman in 1871. Three years later he erected an immense circular building in New York, in which he produced his panoramas. He has frequently appeared as a lecturer, some times on temperance, and some times on other topics, among which were "Hum- bugs of the World," "Struggles and Triumphs," etc. He was owner of the im- mense menagerie and circus known as the I "Greatest Show on Earth," and his fame extended throughout Europe and America. 1 He died in 1891. j-^: \MES MADISON, the fourth president born at Port Conway, Prince George coun- ty, \'irginia, March 16, 1751. He was the son of a wealthy planter, who lived on a fine estate called " Montpelier," which was but twenty-five miles from Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Madison was the eldest of a family pf seven children, all of whom attained maturity. He received his early education at home under a private tutor, and consecrated himself with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he was a proficient scholar in Latin, Greek, French and Spanish, and in 17C9 he entered Prince- ton College, New Jersey. He graduated in 1 77 1, but remained for several months after his graduation to pursue a course of study under the guidance of Dr. Witherspoon. He permanently injured his health at this time and returned to \'irginia in 1772, and for two years he was immersed in the study of law, and at the same time made extend- ed researches in theology, general literature, and philosophical studies. He then directed his full attention to the impending struggle of the colonies for independence, and also took a prominent part in the religious con- troversy at that time regarding so called persecution of other religious denominations by the Church of England. Mr. Madison was elected to the Virginia assembly in 1776 arid in November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the council of state. He took his seat in the continental congress in March, 1780. He was made chairman of the committee on foreign relations, and drafted an able memoranda for the use of COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHr. 43 the American ministers to the French and Spanish governments, that established the claims of the republic to the territories be- tween the Alleghany Mountains and the Mississippi River. He acted as chairman of the ways and means committee in 1783 and as a member of the Virginia legislature in 1784-86 he rendered important services to the state. Mr. Madison represented Vir- giana in the national constitutional conven- tion at Philadelphia in 1787, and was one of the chief framers of the constitution. He was a member of the first four congresses, 1789-97, and gradually became identified with the anti-federalist or republican party of which he eventually became the leader. He remained in private life during the ad- ministration of John Adams, and was secre- tary of state under President Jefferson. Mr. Madison administered the affairs of that post with such great ability that he was the natural successor of the chief magistrate and was chosen president by an electoral vote of 122 to 53. He was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at that critical period in our history when the feelings of the people were embittered with those of England, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, which finally resulted in the declaration of war, June 18, 1812. In the autumn of that year President Madison was re-elected by a vote of 128 to 89, and conducted the war for three years with varying success and defeat in Canada, by glorious victories at sea, and by the battle of New Orleans that was fought after the treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814. During this war the national capitol at Washington was burned, and many valuable papers were destroyed, but the declaration of independence was saved to the country by the bravery and courage of Mr. Madi- son's illustrious wife. A commercial treaty was negotiated with Great Britain in 181 5, and in April, 1816, a national bank was in- corporated by congress. Mr. Madison was succeeded, March 4, iS 17, by James Monroe, and retired into private life on his estate at Montpelier, where he died June 28, 1836. FREDERICK DOUGLASS, a noted American character, was a protege of the great abolitionist, William Lloyd Garri- son, by whom he was aided in gaining his education. Mr. Douglass was born in Tuck- ahoe county, Maryland, in February, 18 17, his mother being a negro woman and his father a white man. He was born in slav- ery and belonged to a man by the name of Lloyd, under which name he went until he ran away from his master and changed it to Douglass. At the age of ten years he was sent to Baltimore where he learned to read and write, and later his owner allowed him to hire out his own time for three dollars a week in a shipyard. In September, 1838, he fled from Baltimore and made his way to New York, and from thence went to New Bedford, Massachusetts. Here he was mar- ried and supported himself and family by working at the wharves and in various work- shops. In the summer of 1841 he attended an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, and made a speech which was so well re- ceived that he was offered the agency of the Massachusetts Anti-slavery Society. In this capacity he traveled through the New En- gland states, and about the same time he published his first book called "Narrative of my E.xperience in Slavery." Mr. Doug- lass went to England in 1845 and lectured on slavery to large and enthusiastic audi- ences in all the large towns of the country, and his friends made up a purse of seven hundred and fifty dollars and purchased his freedom in due form of law. 4t COMPENDIUM OF JSlOGliAPJir. Mr. Douglass applied himself to the de- livery of lyceum lectures after the abolition of slavery, and in iS7ohe became the editor of the " New National Era " in Washington. In 1871 he was appointed assistant secretary of the commission to San Domingo and 0:1 his return he was appointed one of the ter- ritorial council for the District of Colorado by President Grant. He was elected presi- dential elector-at-large for the state of New York and was appointed to carry the elect- oral vote to Washington. He was also United States marshal for the District of Columbia in i87(;, and latei was recorder of deeds for the same, from which position he was removed by President Cleveland in 1886. In the fall of that year he visited England to inform the friends that he had made while there, of the progress of the colored race in America, and on his return he was appointed minister to Hayti, by President Harrison in 1889. His career as a benefactor of his race was closed by his death in February, 1895, near Washington. WILLI.\MCULLEN BRY.^NT.— The ear (ur rhythm and the talent for graceful expression are the gifts of nature, and they were plentifully endowed on the above named poet. The principal charac- teristic of his poetry is the thoughtfulness and intellectual process by which his ideas ripened in his mind, as all his poems are bright, clear and sweet. Mr. Bryant was born November 3, 1794, at Cummington, Hainpsiiire county, Massachusetts, and was educated at Williams College, from which he graduated, having entered it in 1810. He took up the study of law, and in 1815 was admitted to the bar, but after practicing successfully for ten years at Plainfield and Great Barrington, he removed to New York i" i"^'' '! i'- following year he became the editor of the "Evening Post," which he edited until his death, and under his di- rection this paper maintained, through a long series of years, a high standing by the boldness of its protests against slavery be- fore the war, by its vigorous support of the government during the war, and by the fidelity and ability of its advocacy of the Democratic freedom in trade. Mr. Bry- ant visited Europe in 1834, 1845. 1849 and 1S57, and presented to the literary world tlie fruit of his travels in the series of "Let- ters of a Traveler," and "Letters from Spain and Other Countries." In the world of literature he is known chiefly as a poet, and here Mr. Bryant's name is illustrious, both at home and abroad. He contributed verses to the "Country Gazette " before he was ten years of age, and at the age of nine- teen he wrote " Thanatopsis," the most im- pressive and widely known of his p>oems. The later outgrowth of his genius was his translation of Homer's "Iliad" in 1870 and the "Odyssey" in 1871. He also made several speeches and addresses which have been collected in a comprehensive vol- ume called " Orations and Addresses." He was honored in many ways by his fellow citizens, who delighted to pay tributes of respect to his literary eminence, the breadth of his public spirit, the faithfulness of his service, and the worth of his private char- acter. Mr. Bryant died in New York City June 12, 1S78. WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD, the secretary of state during one of the most critical times in the history of our country, and the right hand man of Presi- dent Lincoln, ranks among the greatest statesmen America has produced. Mr. Seward was born May 16, 1801, at Florida. Orange county. New York, and with such UBRARY OF THE UMlVtRSlTY OF ILLINOIS COMPEXD/rM OF BIOGRAPHT facilities as the place afforded he fitted him- self for a college course. He attended Union College at Schenectady, New York, at the age of fifteen, and took his degree in the regular course, with signs of promise in 1S20, after which he diligently addressed himself to the study of law under competent instructors, and started in the practice of his profession in 1S23. Mr. Seward entered the political arena and in 1828 we find him presiding over a convention in Xew York, its purpose being the nomination of John Quincy Adams for a second term. He was married in 1824 and in 1830 was elected to the state senate. From 1838 to 1S42 he was governor of the state of New York. Mr. Seward's next im- portant position was that of United States senator from New York. \\'. H. Seward was chosen by President Lincoln to fill the important office of the secretary of state, and by his firmness and diplomacy in the face of difficulties, he aided in piloting the Union through that period of strife, and won an everlasting fame. This great statesman died at Auburn, New York, October 10, 1872. in the seventy-second year of his eventful life. JOSEPH JEFFERSON, a name as dear as it is familiar to the theater-going world in America, suggests first of all a fun- loving, drink-loving, mellow voiced, good- natured Dutchman, and the name of "Rip Van Winkle " suggests the pleasant features of Joe Jefferson, so intimately are play and player associated in the minds of those who have had the good fortune to shed tears of laughter and sympathy as a tribute to the greatness of his art. Joseph Jefferson was born in Philadelphia, February 20, 1829. His genius was an inheritance, if there be =uch, as his great-grandfather, Thomas Jefferson, was a manager and actor in Eng land. His grandfather, Joseph Jefferson, was the most popular comedian of the New York stage in his time, and his father, Jos- eph Jefferson, the second, was a good actor also, but the third Joseph Jefferson out- shone them all. At the age of three years Joseph Jeffer- son came on the stage as the child in "Pi- zarro," and his training was upon the stage from childhood. Later on he lived and acted in Chicago, Mobile, and Texas. After repeated misfortunes he returned to New Orleans from Texas, and his brother-in-law, Charles Burke, gave him money to reach Philadelphia, where he joined the Burton theater company. Here his genius soon as- serted itself, and his future became promis- ing and brilliant. His engagements through- out the United States and Australia were generally successful, and when he went to England in 1865 Mr. Boucicault consented to make some important changes in his dramatization of Irving's story of Rip Van Winkle, and Mr. Jefferson at once placed it in the front rank as a comedy. He made a fortune out of it, and played nothing else for many years. In later years, however, Mr. Jefferson acquitted himself of the charge of being a one-part actor, and the parts of "Bob Acres," "Caleb Plummer" and "Golightly " all testify to the versatility of his genius. GEORGE BRINTON McCLELLAN, a noted American general, was born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826. He graduated from the University of Pennsyl- vania, and in 1846 from West Point, and was breveted second lieutenant of engineers. He was with Scott in the Mexican war, taking part in all the engagements from j Vera Cruz to the final capture of the Mexi- COMPEXDIIM OF Ji/OC.h'A/'J/y. can capital, and was breveted first lieuten- ant and captain for gallantry displayed on various occasions. In 1857 he resigned his commission and accepted the position of chief engineer in the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, and became presi- dent of the St. Louis & Cincinnati Railroad Company. He was commissioned major- general by the state of Ohio in 1861, placed in command of the department of the Ohio, and organized the first volunteers called lor from that state. In May he was appointed major-general in the United States army, and ordered to disperse the confederates overrunning West Virginia. He accomplished this task promptly, and received the thanks of congress. After the first disaster at Bull Run he was placed in command of the department of Wash- ington, and a few weeks later of the Army of the Potomac. Upon retirement of General Scott the command of the en- tire United States army devolved upon Mc- Clellan, but he was relieved of it within a few months. In March, 1862. after elabor- ate preparation, he moved upon Manassas, only to find it deserted by the Confederate army, which had been withdrawn to im- pregnable defenses prepared nearer Rich- mond. He then embarked his armies for Fortress Monroe and after a long delay at Yorktown, began the disastrous Peninsular campaign, which resulted in the Army of the Potomac being cooped up on the James River below Richmond. His forces were then called to the support of General Pope, near Washington, and he was left without an army. After Pope's defeat McClellan was placed in command of the troops for the de- fense of the capital, and after a thorough or- ganization he followed Lee into Maryland and the battles of Antietam and South Moun- tain ensued. The delay which followed caused general dissatisfaction, and he was re- lieved of his command, and retired from active service. In 1864 McClellan was nominated for the presidency by the Democrats, and over- whelmingly defeated by Lincoln, three states only casting their electoral votes for McClellan. On election day he resigned his commission and a few months later went to Europe where he spent several years. He wrote a number of military text- books and reports. His death occurred October 29, 1885. SAMUEL J. TILDEN.— Among the great statesmen whose names adorn the pages of American history may be found that of the subject of this sketch. Known as a lawyer of highest ability, his greatest claim to immortality will ever lie in his successful battle against the corrupt rings of his native state and the elevation of the standard of official life. Samuel J. Tilden was born in New Leb- anon, New York, February 9, 1814. He pursued his academic studies at Yale Col- lege and the University of New York, tak- ing the course of law at the latter. He was admitted to the bar in 1841. His rare ability as a thinker and writer upon public topics attracted the attention of President Van Buren, of whose policy and adminis- tration he became an active and efficient champion. He made for himself a high place in his profession and amassed quite a fortune as the result of his industry and judgment. During the days of his greatest professional labor he was ever one of the leaders and trusted counsellors of the Demo- cratic party. He was a member of the conventions to revise the state constitution, both in 1846 and 1S67, and served two terms in the lower branch of the state leg- COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRArJir islature. He was one of the controlling spirits in the overthrow of the notorious " Tweed rim,' " and the reformation of the government of the city of New York. In 1874 he was elected governor of the state j of New York. While in this position he | assailed corruption in high places, success- 1 full)' battling with the iniquitous "canal ring " and crushed its sway over all depart- ments of the government. Recognizing his character and executive ability Mr. Tilden was nominated for president by the na- tional Democratic convention in 1S76. At the election he received a much larger popu- lar vote than his opponent, and 1S4 uncon- tested electoral votes. There being some electoral votes contested, a commission ap- pointed by congress decided in favor of the Republican electors and Mr. Hayes, the can- didate of that party was declared elected. In iSSo, the Democratic.party, feeling that Mr. Tilden had been lawfully elected to the presidency tendered the nomination for the same office to Mr. Tilden, but he declined, retiring from all public functions, owing to failing health. He died August 4, 1886. By will he bequeathed several millions of dollars toward the founding of public libra- ries in New York Cit\-, Yonkers, etc. NOAH WEBSTER.— As a scholar, law- yer, author and journalist, there is no one who stands on a higher plane, or whose reputation is better established than the honored gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was a native of West Hartford, Connecticut, and was born October 17, 1758. He came of an old New England family, his mother being a descendant of Governor William Bradford, of the Ply- mouth colony. After acquiring a solid edu- cation in early life Dr. Webster entered Yale College, from which he graduated in 1778. For a while he taught school in Hartford, at the same time studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1781. He taught a classical school at Goshen, Orange county. New York, in 17S2-83, and while there prepared his spelling book, grammar and reader, which was issued under the title of "A Grammatical Institute of the English Language," in three parts, — so successful a work that up to 1876 something like forty million of the spelling books had been sold. In 1786 he delivered a course of lec- tures on the English language in the seaboard cities and the following year taught an academy at Philadelphia. From December •7. 1787, until November. 1788, he edited the "American Magazine, "a periodical that proved unsuccessful. In 1789-93 he prac- ticed law in Hartford having in the former year married the daughter of William Green- leaf, of Boston. He returned to New York and November, 1793, founded a daily paper, the "Minerva," to which was soon added a semi-weekly edition under the name of the " Herald." The former is still in existence under the name of the " Commercial Adver- tiser." In this paper, over the signature of ' ' Curtius , " he published a lengthy and schol- arly defense of " John Jaj-'s treaty. " In 1798, Dr. Webster moved to New Haven and in 1S07 commenced the prepar- ation of his great work, the ' ' American Dic- tionary of the English Language," which was not completed and published until 1828. He made his home in Amherst, Massachu- setts, for the ten years succeeding 1812, and was instrumental in the establishment of Amherst College, of which institution he was the first president of the board of trustees. During 1824-5 he resided in Europe, pursu- ing his philological studies in Paris. He completed his dictionary from the libraries of Cambridge University in 1S25, and de- so COMPEXDILM OF lUOCUAI'Hr voted his leisure (or the remainder of his life to the revision of that and his school books. I Dr. Webster was a member of the legis- , latures of both Connecticut and Massachu- setts, was juilf^e of one of the courts of the former state and was identified with nearly all the literary and scientific societies in the neighborhood of Amherst College. He died in New Haven, May 28, 1843. Among the more prominent works ema- nating from the fecund pen of Dr. Noah Webster besides those mentioned above are the following: "Sketches of American Policy," " Winthrop's Journal," ".-V Brief History of Epidemics," " Rights of Neutral Nations in time of War," "A Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Lan- guage," "Dissertations on the English Language," "A Collection of Essays," "The Revolution in France," "Political .Progress of Britain," "Origin, History, and Connection of the Languages of Western Asia and of Europe," and many others. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, the great anti-slavery pioneer and leader, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, December 12, 1804. He was apprenticed to the printing business, and in 1828 was in- duced to take charge of the "Journal of the Times" at Bennington, Vermont. While supporting John Quincy Adams for the presi- dency he took occasion in that paper to give expression of his views on slavery. These articles attracted notice, and a Quaker named Lundy, editor of the "Genius of Emancipation," published in Baltimore, in- duced him to enter a partnership with him for the conduct of his paper. It soon transpired that the views of the partners were not in harmony, I^undy favoring grad- ual emancipation, while Garrison favored immediate freedom. In 1850 Mr. Garrison was thrown into prison for libel, not being able to pay a fine of fifty dollars and costs. In his cell he wrote a number of poems which stirred the entire north, and a mer- chant, Mr. Tappan. of New York, paid his fine and liberated him, after seven weeks of confinement. He at once began a lecture tour of the northern cities, denouncing slavery as a sin before God, and demanding its immediate abolition in the name of re- ligion and humanity. He opposed the col- onization scheme of President Monroe and other leaders, and declared the right of every slave to immediate freedom. In 1 83 1 he formed a partnership with Isaac Knapp, and began the publication of the " Liberator " at Boston. The " imme- diate abolition " idea began to gather power in the north, while the south became alarmed at the bold utterance of this jour- nal. The mayor of Boston was besought by southern influence to interfere, and upon investigation, reported upon the insignifi- cance, obscurity, and poverty of the editor and his staff, which report was widely published throughout the country. Re- wards were offered by the southern states for his arrest and conviction. Later Garri- son brought from England, where an eman- cipation measure had just been passed, some of the great advocates to work for the cause in this country. In 1835 a mob broke into his office, broke up a meeting oi women, dragged Garrison through the stree; with a rope around his body, and his lilt was saved only by the interference of the police, who lodged him in jail. Garrison declined to sit in the World's Anti-Slaverv convention at London in 1840. because that body had refused women representa- tion. He opposed the formation of a po- litical party with emancipation as its basis. COMPEXniL'M OF niOGRAPlIT 51 He favored a dissolution of the union, and declared the constitution which bound the free states to the slave states " A covenant with death and an agreement with hell." In 1 843 he became president of the Amer- ican Anti-Slavery society, which position he held until 1865, when slavery was no more. During all this time the "Liberator" had continued to promulgate anti-slavery doc- trines, but in 1865 Garrison resigned his position, and declared his work was com- pleted. He died May 24, 1879. JOHN BROWN ("Brown of Ossawato- mie"), a noted character in American history, wasborn atTorrington, Connecticut, May 9, iSoo. In his childhood he removed to Ohio, where he learned the tanner's trade. He married there, and in 1S55 set- tled in Kansas. He lived at the village of Ossawatomie in that state, and there began his fight against slavery. He advocated im- mediate emancipation, and held that the negroes of the slave states merely waited for a leader in an insurrection that would re- sult in their freedom. He attended the convention called at Chatham, Canada, in 1859, and was the leading spirit in organiz- mg a raid upon the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferrj', Virginia. His plans were well laid, and carried out in great secrecy. He ren*^ed a farm house near Harper's Ferry in the summer of 1859, and on October 1 6th of that year, with about twenty follow- ers, he surprised and captured the United States arsenal, with all its supplies and arms. To his surprise, the negroes did not come to his support, and the next day he was attacked by the Virginia state militia, wounded and captured. He was tried in the courts of the state, convicted, and was hanged at Charlestown, December 2, 1859. The raid and its results had a tremendous effect, and hastened the culmination of the troubles between the north and south. The south had the advantage in discussing this event, claiming that the sentiment which inspired this act of violence was shared by the anti-slavery element of the country. EDWIN BOOTH had no peer upon the American stage during his long career as a star actor. He was the son of a famous actor, Junius Brutus Booth, and was born in 1833 at his father's home at Belair, near Baltimore. At the age of sixteen he made his first appearance on the stage, at the Boston Museum, in a minor part in "Richard III." It was while playing in California in 1 851 that an eminent critic called general atten- tion to the young actor's unusual talent. However, it was not until 1863, at the great Shakspearian revival at the Winter Garden Theatre, New York, that the brilliancy of his career began. His Hamlet held the boards for 100 nights in succession, and from that time forth Booth's reputation was established. In 1868 he opened his own theatre (Booth's Theater) in New York. Mr. Booth never succeeded as a manager, however, but as an actor he was undoubted- ly the most popular man on the American stage, and perhaps the most eminent one in the world. In England he also won the greatest applause. Mr. Booth's work was confined mostly to Shakspearean roles, and his art was characterized by intellectual acuteness, fervor, and poetic feeling. His Hamlet, Richard II, Richard III, and Richelieu gave play to his greatest powers. In 1865, when his brother, John Wilkes Booth, enacted his great crime, Edwin Booth re- solved to retire from the stage, but waspur- suaded to reconsider that decision. The odium did not in any way attach to the 52 (OMrH.XDllM OF DIOCUArJir. great actor, and his popularity was not affected. In all his work Mr. Booth clung closely tu the legitimate and the traditional in drama, making no experiments, and offer- ing little encouragenient to new dramatic auth(jrs. His death occurred in New ^■<)rk, June 7, 1894. JOSEPH HOOKER, a noted American officer, was born at Hadley, Massachu- setts. November 13, 1S14. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1837, and was appointed lieutenant of artillery. He served in Florida in the Seminole war, and in garrison until the outbreak of the Mexican war. During the latter he saw service as a staff officer and was breveted captain, major and lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Monterey, National Bridge and Chapultepec. Resigning his commission in 1 833 he took up (arming in California, which he followed until 1 861. Daring this time he acted as superintendent of military roads in Oregon. At the outbreak of the Rebel- lion Hooker tendered his services to the government, and. May 17, 1861, was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers. He served in the defence of Washington and on the lower Potomac until his appointment to the command of a division in the Third Corps, in March, 1862. F"or gallant con- duct at the siege of Yorktown and in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Fra- zier's Farm and Malvern Hill he was made major-general. At the head of his division he participated in the battles of Manassas and Chantillv. September 6. 1S62. he was placed at the head of the First Corps, and in the battles of South Mountam and An- tietam acted with his usual gallantry, being wounded in the latter engagement. On re- joining the army in November he was maile brigadier-general in the regular army. On General Bumside attaining the command of the Army of the Potomac General Hooker was placed in command of the center grand division, consisting of the Second and Fifth Corps. At the head of these gallant men he participated in the battle of Fred- ericksburg, December 13. 1862. In Janu- ary, 1863, General Hooker assumed com- mand of the Army of the Potomac, and in May following fought the battle of Chan- cellorsville. At the time of the invasion of Pennsylvania, owing to a dispute with Gen- eral Halleck, Hooker requested to be re- lieved of his command, and June 28 was succeeded by George G. Meade. In Sep- tember, 1863, General Hooker was given command of the Twentieth Corps and trans- ferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and distinguished himself at the battles of Look- out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ring- gold. In the Atlanta campaign he saw almost daily service and merited his well- known nickname of "Fighting Joe." July 30, 1864, at his own request, he was re- lieved of his command. He subsequently was in command of several military depart- ments in the north, and in October, 1S6S. was retired with the full rank of major-gen- eral. He died October 3 1 , 1879. JAY GOULD, one of the greatest finan- ciers that the world has ever produced, was born May 27, 1836, at Ro.xbury, Dela- ware county. New York. He spent his early years on his father's farm and at the age of fourteen entered Hobart Academy, New York, and kept books for the village black- smith. He acquired a taste for mathematics and surveying and on leaving school found employment in making the surveyor's map of Ulster county. He surveyed very e.xten- sively in the state and accumulated five tiiou- sand dollars as the fruits of his labor. He coMPExnirM OF nioGRAPnr. was then stricken with typhoid fever but re- covered and nmae the acquaintance of one Zadock Pratt, who sent him into the west- ern part of the state to locate a site for a tannery. He chose a fine hemlock grove, built a sawmill and blacksmith shop and was soon doing a large lumber business with Mr. Pratt. Mr. Gould soon secured control of the entire plant, which he sold out just before the panic of 1857 and in this year he became the largest stockholderintheStrouds- burg, Pennsylvania, bank. Shortly after the crisis he bought the bonds of the Rutland & Washington Railroad at ten cents on the dollar, and put all his monej' into railroad securities. For a long time he conducted this road which he consolidated with the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad. In 1859 he removed to New York and became a heav}' investor in Erie Railroad stocks, en- tered that company and was president until its reorganizat'on in 1872. In December, 18S0, Mr. Gould was in control of ten thou- sand miles of railroad. In 1887 he pur- chased the controlling interest in the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Co., and was a joint owner with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co. of the western portion of the Southern Pacific line. Other lines soon came under his control, aggregat- . ing thousand of miles, and he soon was rec- ognized as one of the world's greatest rail- road magnates. He continued to hold his place as one of the master financiers of the century until the time of his death which occurred December 2, 1802. THOMAS HART BENTON, a %ery prominent United States senator and statesman, was born at Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782. He removed to Tennessee in ^ariy life, studied law, and be- gan to practice at Nashville about 1810. During the war of 1812-1S15 he served as colonel of a Tennessee regiment under Gen- eral Andrew Jackson. In 181 5 he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1820 was chosen United States senator for that state. Having been re-elected in 1S26, he sup- ported President Jackson in his opposition to the United States bank and advocated a gold and silver currency, thus gaining the name of " Old Bullion," by which he was familiarly known. For many years he was the most prominent man in Missouri, and took rank among the greatest statesmen of his day. He was a member of the senate for thirty years and opposed the e.xtreme states' rights policy of John C. Calhoun. In 1S52 he was elected to the house of rep- resentatives in which he opposed the repeal of the Missouri compromise. He was op- posed by a powerful party of States' Rights Democrats in Missouri, who defeated him as a candidate for governor of that state in 1856. Colonel Benton published a considerable work in two volumes in 1854-56, entitled "Thirty Years' View, or a History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, 1820-50." He died April 10, STEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS.— One of the most prominent figures in politic- al circles during the intensely e.xciting days that preceded the war, and a leader of the Union branch of the Democratic party was the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born at Brandon, Rutland coun- ty, Vermont. April 23, 18 13, of poor but respectable parentage. His father, a prac- ticing physician, died while our subject was but an infant, and his mother, with two small children and but small means, could give him but the rudiments of an education. COM/'E.XDJL'M or BIOGRAPHr. At the age of fifteen youne Douglas engaged at work in the cabinei making business to i raise funds to carry him througn college. | After a (ew years of labor he was enabled to \ pursue an academical course, first at Bran- | don, anc! later at Canandaieua, New York. In the latter place he remained until 1S33, taking up the study of law. Belore he was twenty, however, his lunas running low, he j abandoned all further attempts at educa- tion, determining to enter at once the battle of life. After some wanderings tnrough the western states he looK up his residence at Jacksonville, Illinois, where, after teaching \ school for three months, he was admitted to 1 the bar, and opened an office in 1834. I Within a year from that time, so rapidly had 1 he risen in his profession, he was chosen attorney general of the state, and warmly espoused the piinciples of the Democratic party. He soon became one of the most popular orators in Illinois. It was at this time he gained the name of the " Little Giant." In 1835 he resigned the position of attorney general having been elected to the legislature. In 184 1 he was chosen judge of the supreme court of Illinois which he resigned two years later to take a seat in congress. It was during this period of his life, while a member of the lower house, that he established his reputation and took the side of those who contended that con- gress had no constitutional right to restrict the extension of slavery further than the agreement between the states made in 1820. This, in spite of his being opposed to slav- ery, and only on grounds which he believed to be right, favored what was called the Missouri compromise. In 1847 Mr. Doug- las was chosen United States senator for six years, and greatly distinguished himself. In 1852 he was re-elected to the same office. During ihi:. latter term, under his leader- ship, the " Kansas- Nebraska bill " was car- ried in the senate. In 1858, nothwith- standing the fierce contest made by his able competitor for the position, Abraham Lin- coln, and with the administration of Bu- chanan arrayed against him, Mr. Douglas was re-elected senator. After the trouble in the Charleston convention, when by the withdrawal of several state delegates with- out a nomination, the Union Democrats, in convention at Baltimore, in i860, nomi- nated Mr. Douglas as their candidate for presidency. The results of this election are well known and the great events of 1861 coming on, Mr. Douglas was spared their full development, dying at Chicago, Illinois. June 3, 1 861, after a short illness. His last words to his children were, "to obey the laws and support the constitution of the United States." JAMES MONROE, fifth president of the United States, was born in Westmore- land county. Virginia, April 28, 1758. At the age of sixteen he entered William and Mary College, but two years later the Declaration of Independence having been adopted, he left college and hastened to New York where he joined Washington's army as a military cadet. At the battle of Trenton Monroe per- formed gallant service and received a wound in the shoulder, and was promoted to a captaincy. He acted as aide to Lord Ster- ling at the battles of Brandy wine, German- town and Monmouth. Washington then sent him to N'irginia to raise a new regimen: of which he was to be colonel. The ex- hausted condition of Virginia made this im- possible, but he received his commission. He next entered the law office of Thomas Jefferson to study law, as there was no open- ing for him as an officer in the army. In COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPJIT. 55 1782 he was elected to the Virginia assem- bly, and the next year he was elected to the Continental congress. Realizing the inade- quacy of the old articles of confederation, he advocated the calling of a convention to consider their revision, and introduced in congress a resolution empowering congress to regulate trade, lay import duties, etc. This resolution was referred to a committee, of which he was chairman, and the report led to the Annapolis convention, which called a general convention to meet at Phila- delphia in 1787, when the constitution was drafted. Mr. Monroe began the practice of law at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and was soon after elected to the legislature, and ap- pointed as one of the committee to pass upon the adoption of the constitution. He opposed it, as giving too much power to the central government. He was elected to the United States senate in 1789, where he allied himself with the Anti-Federalists or "Republicans," as they were sometimes called. Although his views as to neutrality between France and England were directly opposed to those of the president, yet Wash- ington appointed him minister to France. His popularity in France was so great that the antagonism of England and her friends in this country brought about his recall. He then became governor of Virginia. He was sent as envoy to France in 1802; minister to England in 1803; and envoy to Spam in 1805. The next year he returned to his estate in Virginia, and with an ample in- heritance enjoyed a few years of repose. He was again called to be governor of Virginia, and was then appointed secretary of state by President Madison. The war with Eng- land soon resulted, and when the capital was burned by the British, Mr. Monroe be- came secretary of war also, and planned the measures for the defense of New Orleans. The treasury being exhausted and credit gone, he pledged his own estate, and thereby made possible the victory of Jackson at New Orleans. In 181 7 Mr. Monroe became president of the United States, having been a candi- date of the "Republican" party, which at that time had begun to be called the ' ' Demo- cratic" party. In 1820 he was re-elected, having two hundred and thirty-one electoral votes out of two hundred and thirty-two. His administration is known as the "Era of good-feeling, " and party lines were almost wiped out. The slaver}' question began to assume importance at this time, and the Missouri Compromise was passed. The famous "Monroe Doctrine" originated in a great state paper of President Monroe upon the rumored interference of the Holy Alli- ance to prevent the formation of free repub- lics in South America. President Monroe acknowledged their independence, and pro- mulgated his great "Doctrine," which has been held in reverence since. Mr. Monroe's death occurred in New York on July 4, 1S31. THOMAS ALVA EDISON, the master wizard of electrical science and whose name is synonymous with the subjugation of electricity to the service of man, was born in 1847 at Milan, Ohio, and it was at Port Huron, Michigan, whither his parents had moved in 1854, that his self-education began — for he never attended school for more than two months. He eagerly de- voured every book he could lay his hands on and is said to have read through an encyclo- pedia without missing a word. At thirteen he began his working life as a trainboy upon the Grand Trunk Railway between Port Huron ^nd Detroit. Much of his time was now spent in Detroit, where he found increased facilities for reading at the public libraries. iM COMJ'hMJJUM OJ' liluuRAl'Hr. \\y: «iis not content to be a newsboy, so he t"t c<>_'e!ner three hundred pounds of type biia st.irtcd the issue of the " Grand Trunk Herald." It was only a small amateur weekly, printed on one side, the impression being made from the type by hand. Chemi- cal research was his next undertaking and a laboratory was added to his movable pub- lishing house, which, by the way, was an old freight car. One day, however, as he was experimenting with some phosphorus. it ignited and the irate conductor threw the young seeker after the truth, chemicals and all, from the train. His office and laboratory were then removed to the cellar of his fa- ther's house. As he grew to manhood he decided to become an operator. He won his opportunity by saving the life of a child, whose father was an old operator, and out of gratitude he gave Mr. Edison lessons in teleg- raphy. Five months later he was compe- tent to fill a position in the railroad office at Port Huron. Hence he peregrinated to Stratford, Ontario, and thence successively to Adrian, l-'ort Wayne, Indianapolis, Cin- ciimati, Memphis, Louisville and Boston, gradually becoming an expert operator and gaming experience that enabled him to evolve many ingenious ideas for the im- provement of telegraphic appliances. At Memphis he constructed an automatic re- peater, which enabled Louisville and New Orleans to communicate direct, and received nothing more than the thanks of his em- ployers. Mr. Edison came to New York in 1870 in search of an opening more suitable to his capabilities and ambitions. He hap- pened to be in the office of the Laws dold Reporting Company when one of the in- struments got out of order, and even the inventor of the system could not make it work. Edison requested to be allowed to attempt the task, and in a few minutes he had overcome the difficulty and secured an advantageous engagement. For several jears he had a contract with the Western Union and the Gold Stock companies, whereby he received a large salary, besides a special price for all telegraphic improve- ments he could suggest. Later, as the head of the Edison General Electric com- pany, with its numerous subordinate organ- izations and connections all over the civil- ized world, he became several times a millionaire. Mr. Edison invented the pho- nograph and kinetograph which bear his name, the carbon telephone, the tasimeter, and the duplex and quadruplex sj'stems of telegraphy. JAMES LONGSTREET, one of the most conspicuous of the Confederate generals during the Civil war, was born in 1 820, in South Carolina, but was early taken by his parents to Alabama where he grew to man- hood and received his early education. He graduated at the United States military academy in 1842, entering the army as lieutenant and spent a few years in the fron- tier service. When the Mexican war broke out he was called to the front and partici- pated in all the principal battles of that war up to the storming of Chapultcpec, where he received severe wounds. For gallant conduct at Contreras, Cherubusco, and Mo- lino del Rey he received the brevets of cap- tain and major. After the close of the Mexican war Longstreet served as adjutant and captain on frontier service in Texas un- til 1858 when he was transferred to the staff as paymaster with rank of major. In June, 1861, he resigned to join the Confederacy and immediately went to the front, com- manding a brigade at Hull Run the follow- ing month. Promoted to be major-general in 1862 he thereafter bore a conspicuous COMPEXD/CAf OF BIOGRAPHT. 5< part and rendered valuable service to the Confederate cause. He participated in many of the most severe battles of the Civil war including Bull Run (first and second), Seven Pines, Gaines' Mill, Fraziers Farm, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Frederickburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Wilderness, Petersburg and most of the fighting about Richmond. When the war closed General Long- street accepted the result, renewed his alle- giance to the government, and thereafter labored earnestly to obliterate all traces of war and promote an era of good feeling be- tween all sections of the country. He took up his residence in New Orleans, and took an active interest and prominent part in public affairs, served as surveyor of that port for several years; was commissioner of engineers for Louisiana, served four years as school commissioner, etc. In 1875 he was appointed supervisor of internal revenue and settled in Georgia. After that time he served four years as United States minister to Turkey, and also for a number of years was United States marshal of Georgia, be- sides having held other important official positions. JOHN RUTLEDGE. the second chief- justice of the United States, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1739. He was a son of John Rutledge, who had left Ireland for America about five years prior to the birth of our subject, and a brother of Edward Rutledge, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Rut- ledge received his legal education at the Temple, London, after which he returned to Charleston and soon won distinction at the bar. He was elected to the old Colonial congress in 1765 to protest against the " Stamp Act," and was a member of the South Carolina convention of 1774, and of the Continental congress of that and the succeeding year. In 1776 he was chairman of the committee that draughted the con- stitution of his state, and was president of the congress of that state. He was not pleased with the state constitution, how- ever, and resigned. In 1779 he was again chosen governor of the state, and granted extraordinary powers, and he at once took the field to repel the British. He joined the army of General Gates in 1782, and the same year was elected to congress. He was a member of the constitutional con- vention which framed our present constitu- tion. In 1 789 he was appointed an associate justice of the first supreme court of the United States. He resigned to accept the position of chief-justice of his own state. Upon the resignation of Judge Jay_ he was appointed chief-justice of the United States in 1795. The appointment was never con- firmed, for, after presiding at one session, his mind became deranged, and he was suc- ceeded by Judge Ellsworth. He died at Charleston, July 23, 1800. RALPH WALDO EMERSON was one of the most noted literary men of his time. He was born in Boston, Massachu- setts, May 25, 1803. He had a minister for an ancestor, either on the paternal or ma- ternal side, in every generation for eight generations back. His father. Rev. Will- iam Emerson, was a native of Concord, Massachusetts, born May 6, 1769, graduated at Harvard, in 1789, became a Unitarian minister; was a fine writer and one of the best orators of his day; died in 181 1, Ralph Waldo Emerson was fitted for college at the public schools of Boston, and graduated at Harvard College in 1 821, win- ning about this time several prizes for es- COMr7£\D/L'M OF lilOGRAPIir. says. For five years he taught school in | Boston; in 1S26 was licensed to preach, and i in 1829 was ordained as a colleague to Rev. | Henry Ware of the Second Unitarian church I in Boston. In 1832 he resigned, making the announcement in a sermon of his un- ivillingness longer to administer the rite of e must celebrated American preach- ers, was born January 7, 1832, and was the youngest of twelve children. He made his preliminary studies at the grammar school in New Brunswick, New Jersey. At the age of eighteen he joined the church and entered the University of the City of New York, and graduated in May, 1853. The exercises were held in Nibio's Garden and his speech aroused the audience to a high pitch of en- thusiasm. At the close of his college duties he imagined himself interested in the law and for three years studied law. Dr. Tal- mage then perceived his mistake and pre- pared himself for the ministry at the Reformed Dutch Church Theological Semi- nary at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Just after his ordination the young minister re- ceived two calls, one from Piermont, New York, and the other from Belleville, New Jersey. Dr. Talmage accepted the latter and for three years filled that charge, when he was called to Syracuse, New York. Here it was that his sermons first drew large crowds of people to his church, and front thence dates his popularity. Afterward he became the pastor of the Second Reformed Dutch church, of Philadelphia, remaining seven years, during which period he first entered upon the lecture platform and laid the foundation for his future reputation. At the end of this time he received three calls, one from Chicago, one from San Francisco, and one from the Central Presbyterian church of Brooklyn, which latter at that time consisted of only nineteen members with a congregation of about thirty-five. This church offered him a salary of seven thousand dollars and he accepted the call. He soon induced the trustees to sell the old church and build a new one. They did so and erected the Brooklyn Tabernacle, but it burned down shortly after it was finished. By prompt sympathy and general liberality a new church was built and formally opened in February. 1874. It contained seats for four thousand, si.\ hundred and fifty, but if necessary seven thousand could be accom- modated. In October, 1878, his salary was raised from seven thousand dollars to twelve thousand dollars, and in the autumn of 18S9 the second tabernacle was destroyed by fire. A third tabernacle was built and it was for- mally dedicated on Easter Sunday, 1891. JOHN PHILIP SOUSA, conceded as being one of the greatest band leaders in the world, won his fame while leader of the United States Marine Band at Washing- ton, District of Columbia. He was not originally a band player but was a violinist, and at the age of seventeen he was conduc- tor of an opera company, a profession which he followed for several years, until he was offered the leadership of the Marine Band at Washington. The proposition was re- pugnant to him at first but he accepted the coMrE\/)/c.)f or BiocRAPJir. offer and then ensued ten years of brilliant success with that organization. When he first took the Marine Band he began to gather the national airs of all the nations that have representatives in Washington, and compiled a comprehensive volume in- cluding nearly all the national songs of the different nations. He composed a number of marches, waltzes and two-steps, promi- nent among which are the "Washington Post," "Directorate," "King Cotton," "High School Cadets," "Belle of Chica- go," "Liberty Bell March," "Manhattan Beach," "On Parade March," " Thunderer March," "Gladiator March," " El Capitan March," etc. He became a very extensive composer of this class of music. JOHN OUINCY ADAMS, sixth president- of the United States, was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, July ii, 1767, the son of John Adams. At the age of eleven he was sent to school at Paris, and two years later to Leyden, where he entered that great university. He returned to the United States in 1785, and graduated from Harvard in 1788. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1791. His practice brought no income the first two years, but he won distinction in literary fields, and was appointed minister to The Hague in 1794. He married in 1797, and went as minister to Berlin the same year, serving until 1801, when Jefferson became president. He was elected to the senate in 1803 by the Federalists, but was condemned by that party for advocating the Embargo Act and other Anti-Federalist measures. He was appointed as professor of rhetoric at Harvard in 1805, and in 1809 was sent as minister to Russia. He assisted in negotiat- ing the treaty of peace with England in 1814, and became minister to that power the next year. He served during Monroe's administration two terms as secretary of state, during which time party lines were obliterated, and in 1824 four candidates for president appeared, all of whom were iden- tified to some extent with the new " Demo- cratic" party. Mr. Adams received 84 elec- toral votes, Jackson 99, Crawford 41, and Clay 37. As no candidate had a majority of all votes, the election went to the house of representatives, which elected Mr. Adams. As Clay had thrown his influence to Mr. Adams, Clay became secretary of state, and this caused bitter feeling on the part of the Jackson Democrats, who were joined by Mr. Crawford and his following, and op- posed every measure of the administration. In the election of 1S28 Jackson was elected over Mr. Adams by a great majority. Mr. Adams entered the lower house of congress in 1830, elected from the district in which he was born and continued to rep- resent it for seventeen years. He was known as " the old man eloquent," nnd his work in congress was independent of party. He opposed slavery extension and insisted upon presenting to congress, one at a time, the hundreds of petitions against the slave power. One of these petitions, presented in 1842, was signed by forty-five citizens of Massachusetts, and prayed congress for a peaceful dissolution of the Union. His enemies seized upon this as an opportunity to crush their powerful foe, and in a caucus meeting determined upon his expulsion from congress. Finding they would not be able to command enough votes for this, they de- cided upon a course that would bring equal disgrace. They formulated a resolution to the effect that while he merited expulsion, tlie house would, in great mercy, substitute its severest censure. When it was read in the house the old man, then in his seventy-fifth 62 LOMI'EXDILM OF lilOGRAPUr year, arose and demanded that the first para- graph of the Declaration of Independence be read as his defense. It embraced the famous sentence, "that whenever any form of government becomes destructive to those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, etc., etc." After eleven days of hard fight- ing his opponents were defeated. On Febru- ary 21, 1S48, he rose to address the speaker on the Oregon question, when he suddenly fell from a stroke of paralysis. He died soon after in the rotunda of the capitol, where he had been conveyed by his col- leagues. SLS.\N B. ANTHONY was one of the most famous women of America. She was born at South Adams, Massachusetts, February 15, 1820, the daughter of a Quaker. She received a good education and became a school teacher, following that profession for fifteen years in New York. Beginning with about 1852 she became the active leader of the woman's rights move- ment and won a wide reputation for her zeal and ability. She also distinguished herself for her zeal and eloquence in the temperance and anti-slavery causes, and became a conspicuous figure during the war. After the close of the war she gave most of her labors to the cause of woman's suffrage. PHILIP D. ARMOUR, one of the most conspicuous figures in the mercantile history of America, was born May 16, 1S32, on a farm at Stockbridge, Madison county, New York, and received his early education in the comtnon schools of that county. He was apprenticed to a farmer and worked faithfully and well, being very ambitious and 'Jesiring to start out for himself. At the age of twenty he secured a release from his indentures and set out overland for the gold fields of California. After a great deal of hard work he accumulated a little money and then came east and settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He went into the grain receiving and warehouse busi- ness and was fairly successful, and later on he formed a partnership with John Plankin- ton in the pork packing line, the style of the firm being Plankinton & Armour. Mr. Ar- mour made his first great "deal" in selling pork "short" on the New York market in the anticipation of the fall of the Confed- eracy, and Mr. Armour is said to have made through this deal a million dollars. He then established packing houses in Chicago and Kansas City, and in 1875 he removed to Chicago. He increased his business by add- ing to it the shipment of dressed beef to the European markets, and many other lines of trade and manufacturing, and it rapidly assumed vast proportions, employing an army of men in different lines of the busi- ness. Mr. Armour successfully conducted a great many speculative deals in pork and grain of immense proportions and also erected many large warehouses for the storage of grain. He became one of the representative business men of Chicago, where he became closely identified with all enterprises of a public nature, but his fame as a great busi- ness man extended to all parts of the world. He founded the "Armour Institute " at Chi- cago and also contributed largely to benevo- lent and charitable institutions. ROBERT FULTON.— Although Fulton is best known as the inventor of the first successful steamboat, yet his claims to distinction do not rest alone upon that, for he was an inventor along other lines, a painter and an author. He was born al Little Britain, Lancaster county, Pennsy! i LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COMrEXDICM Oi^ BIOGRAPIir. 65 vania, in 1765, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. At the age of seventeen he removed to Phila- delphia, and there and in New York en- gaged in miniature painting with success both from a pecuniary and artistic point of view. With the results of his labors he pur- chased a farm for the support of his mother. He went to London and studied under the great painter, Benjamin West, and all through life retained his fondness for art and gave evidence of much ability in that line. While in England he was brought in contact with the Duke of Bridgewater, the father of the English canal system; Lord Stanhope, an eminent mechanician, and James ^\'att, the inventor of the steam en- gine. Their influence turned his mind to its true field of labor, that of mechanical in- vention. Machines for flax spinning, marble sawing, rope making, and for remov- ing earth from excavations, are among his earliest ventures. His "Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, " issued in 1 796, and a series of essays on canals were soon followed by an English patent for canal improvements. In 1797 he went to Paris, where he resided until 1806, and there invented a submarine torpedo boat for maritime defense, but which was rejected by the governments of France, England and the United States. In 1 803 he offered to con- struct for the Emperor Napoleon a steam- boat that would assist in carrying out the plan of invading Great Britain then medi- tated by that great captain. In pursuance he constructed his first steamboat on the Seine, but it did not prove a full success and the idea was abandoned by the French government. By the aid of Livingston, then United States minister to France, Fulton purchased, in 1806, an engine which he brought to this country. After studying the defects of his own and other attempts in this line he built and launched in 1807 the Clermont, the first successful steamboat. This craft only attained a speed of live miles an hour while going up North river. His first patent not fully covering his in- vention, Fulton was engaged in many law suits for infringement. He constructed many steamboats, ferryboats, etc., among these being the United States steamer " Fulton the First," built in 18 14, the first war steamer ever built. This craft never attained any great speed owing to some de- fects in construction and accidentally blew up in 1829. Fulton died in New York, Feb- ruary 21, 1815. SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, sixth chief-justice of the United States, and one of the most eminent of American jurists, was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, Jan- uary 13, 1808. At the age of nine he was left in poverty by the death of his father, but means were found to educate him. He was sent to his uncle, a bishop, who con- ducted an academy near Columbus, Ohio, and here young Chase worked on the farm and attended school. At the age of fifteen he returned to his native state and entered Dartmouth College, from which he gradu- ated in 1 826. He then went to Washington, and engaged in teaching school, and study- ing law under the instruction of William Wirt. He was licensed to practice in 1S29, and went to Cincinnati, where he had a hard struggle for several years following. He had in the meantime prepared notes on the statutes of Ohio, which, when published, brought him into prominence locally. He was soon after appointed solicitor of the United States Bank. In 1837 he appeared as counsel for a fugitive slave woman, Ma- tilda, and sought by all the powers of his learning and eloquence to prevent her owner w COMPKyDJiM OF JiJOGJiA/'J/r. from reclaiming her. He acted in many other cases, and devolved the trite expres- sion, "Slavery is sectional, freedom is na- tional. " He was employed to defend \'an ifandt before the supreme court of the United States in 1846, which was one of the most noted cases connected with the great strug- gle against slavery. By this time Mr. Chase had become the recognized leader of that element known as " free-soilers." He was elected to the United States senate in 1849, and was chosen governor of Ohio in 1855 and re-elected in 1857. He was chosen to the United States senate from Ohio in 1861, but was made secretary of the treasury by Lincoln and accepted. He inaugurated a financial system to replenish the exhausted treasury and meet the demands of the great- est war in history and at the same time to revive the industries of the country. One of the measures which afterward called for his judicial attention was the issuance of currency notes which were made a legal tender in payment of debts. When this question came before him as chief-justice of the United States he reversed his former action and declared the measure unconstitu- tional. The national banking system, by which all notes issued were to be based on funded government bonds of equal or greater amounts, had its direct origin with Mr. Chase. Mr. Chase resigned the treasury port- folio in 1864. and was appointed the same year as chief-justice of the United States supreme court. The great questions that came up before him at this crisis in the life of the nation were no less than those which confronted the first chief-justice at the for- mation of our government. Reconstruction, private, state and national interests, the constitutionality of the acts of congress passed in times of great excitement, the construction and interpretation to l)e placed j upon the several amendments to the national I constitution, — these were among the vital questions requiring prompt decision. He received a paralytic stroke in 1870, which impaired his health, though his mental powers were not affected. He continued to preside at the opening terms for two years following and died May 7, 1873. HARRIET ELIZABETH BEECHER STOW'E, a celebrated .\merican writ- er, was born June 14, 1S12. at Litchfield, Connecticut. She was a daughter of Lyman Beecher and asister of Henry Ward Beecher, two noted divines; was carefully educated, and taught school for several years at Hart- ford, Connecticut. In 1832 Miss Beecher married Professor Stowe, then of Lane Semi- nary, Cincinnati, Ohio, and afterwards at Bowdoin College and Andover Seminary. Mrs. Stowe published in 1S49 "The May- flower, or sketches of the descendants of the Pilgrims." and in 185 1 commenced in the "National Era "of Washington, a serial story which was published separately in 1S52 under the title of " Uncle Tom's Cabin." This book attained almost unparalleled success both at home and abroad, and within ten years it had been translated in almost every lan- guage of the civilized world. Mrs. Stowe pub- lished in 1853 a "KeytoUncleTom's Cabin" in which the data that she used was publiiihed and its truthfulness was corroborated. In 1853 she accompanied her husband and brother to Europe, and on her return pub- lished "Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands" in 1854. Mrs. Stowe was for some time one of the editors of the "Atlantic Monthly " and the " Hearth and Home," for which she had written a number of articles. Among these, also published separately, are " Dred, a tale of the Great Dismal Swamp " (later published under the title of "Nina COMPEXDli.^f OF BlOGRAPIir. 67 Gordon"); "TheMinister'sWooing;" "The Pearl of Orr's Island;" "Agnes of Sorrento;" "Oldtown Folks;" "My Wife and I;" "Bible Heroines," and ."A Dog's Mission." Mrs. Stowe's death occurred July i, 1896, at Hartford, Connecticut. THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON, bet- ter known as "Stonewall" Jackson, was one of the most noted of the Confeder- ate gene'-als of the Civil war. He was a soldier by nature, an incomparable lieuten- ant, sure to execute anj' operation entrusted to him with marvellous precision, judgment and courage, and all his individual cam- paigns and combats bore the stamp of a masterly capacity for war. He was born January 21, 1824, at Clarksburg, Harrison county. West Virginia. He was early in life imbued with the desire to be a soldier and it is said walked from the mountains of Virginia to Washington, secured the aid of his congressman,, and was appointed cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he was graduated in 1846. Attached to the army as brevet sec- ond lieutenant of the First Artillery, his first service was as a subaltern with Magruder's battery of light artillery in the Mexican war. He participated at the reduction of Vera Cruz, and was noticed for gallantry in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Moline del Rey, Chapultepec, and the capture of the city of Mexico, receiving the brevets of captain for conduct at Contreras and Cher- ubusco and of major at Chapultepec. In the meantime he had been advanced by regular promotion to be first lieutenant in 1847. In 1852, the war having closed, he resigned and became professor of natural and experimental philosophy and artillery instructor at the Virginia State Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, where he remained until Virginia declared for seces- sion, he becoming chiefly noted for intense religious sentiment coupled with personal eccentricities. Upon the breaking out of the war he was made colonel and placed in command of a force sent to sieze Harper's Ferry, which he accomplished May 3, 1861. Relieved by General J. E. Johnston, May 23, he took command of the brigade of Valley Virginians, whom he moulded into that brave corps, baptized at the first Manassas, and ever after famous as the " Stonewall Brigade." After this "Stone- wall " Jackson was made a major-general, in 1861, and participated until his death in all the famous campaigns about Richmond and in Virginia, and was a conspicuous fig- ure in the memorable battles of that time. May 2, 1863, at Chancellorsville, he wa? wounded severely by his own troops, two balls shattering his left arm and another passing through the palm of his right hand. The left arm was amputated, but pneumonia intervened, and, weakened by the great loss of blood, he died May 10, 1863. The more his operations in the Shenandoah valley in 1862 are studied the more striking must the merits of this great soldier appear. JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.— Near to the heart of the people of the Anglo-Saxon race will ever lie the verses of this, the "Quaker Poet." The author of "Barclay of Ury," "Maud Muller" and "Barbara Frietchie," always pure, fervid and direct, will be remembered when many a more ambitious writer has been forgotten. John G. Whitticr was born at Haver- hill, Massachusetts, December 7, 1807. of Quaker parentage. He had but a common- school education and passed his boyhood days upon a farm. In early life he learned the trade of shoemaker. -At the age of COMriiXDlLM OF JilOG/iA/'/ir eighteen he began to write verses for the Haverhill * Gazette." He spent two years after that at the Haverhill academy, after which, in 1829, he became editor of the "American Manufacturer," at Boston. In 1830 he succeeded George D. Prentice as editor of the "New England Weekly Re- view." but the following year returned to Haverhill and engaged in farming. In 1832 and in 1S36 he edited the " Gazette." In 1835 he was elected a member of the legis- lature. serving two years. In 1 836 he became secretary of the Anti-slavery Society of Phil- adelphia. In 1838 and 1839 he edited the " Pennsylvania Freeman." but in the latter year the office was sacked and burned by a mob. In 1840 Whittier settled at Ames- bury, Massachusetts. In 1847 he became corresponding editor of the " National Era," an anti-slavery paper published at Washing- ton, and contributed to its columns many of his anti-slavery and other favorite lyrics. Mr. Whittier lived for many years in retire- ment of Quaker simplicity, publishing several volumes of poetry which have raised him to a high place among American authors and brought to him the love and admiration of his countrymen. In the electoral colleges of 1860 and 1864 Whittier was a member. Much of his time after 18/6 was spent at Oak Knoll, Danvers, Massachusetts, but still retained his residence at Amesbury. He never married. His death occurred Sep- tember 7. 1892. The more prominent prose writings of John C. Whittier are as follows: "Legends of New England." "Justice and Expediency, or Slavery Considered with a View to Its Abo- htion." "The Stranger in Lowell." "Super- naturalism in New England." " Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal." "Old Portraits and Modern Sketches" and " Literary Sketches." DAVID DIXON PORTER, illustrious as admiral of the United States navy, and famous as one of the most able naval offi- cers of America, was born in Pennsylvania, June 8, 1S14. His father was also a naval officer of distinction, who left the service of the United States to become commander of the naval forces of Mexico during the war between that country and Spain, and through this fact David Di.xon Porter was appointed a midshipman in the ^exican navy. Two years later David D. Porter joined the United States navy as midship- man, rose in rank and eighteen years later as a lieutenant he is found actively engaged in all the operations of our navy along the east coast of Mexico. When the Civil war broke out Porter, then a commander. w;is dispatched in the Powhattan to the relief of Fort Pickens, Florida. This duty accom- plished, he fitted out a mortar flotilla for the reduction of the forts guarding the ap- proaches to New Orleans, which it was con- sidered of vital importance for the govern- ment to get possession of. After the fall of New Orieans the mortar flotilla was actively engaged at Vicksburg, and in the fall of 1862 Porter was made a rear-admiral and placed in command of all the naval forct-s on the western rivers above New Orleans. The ability of the man was now con- spicuously manifested, not only in the bat- tles in which he was engaged, but also in the creation of a formidable fleet out of river steamboats, which he covered with such plating as they would bear. In 1864 he was transferred to the Atlantic coast to command the naval forces destined to oper- ate against the defences of Wilmington. North Carolina, and on Jan. 15. 1865. the fall of Fort Fisher was hailed by the country as a glorious termination of his arduous war service. In 18C6 he was made vice-admiral COMPENDIUM OF BlOGRAPin: and appointed superintendent of the Naval Academy. On the death of Farragut, in 1S70, he succeeded that able man as ad- miral of the navy. His death occurred at Washington, February 13, 1891. NATHANIEL GREENE was one of the best known of the distinguished gen- erals who led the Continental soldiery against the hosts of Great Britain during the Revolutionary war. He was the son of Quaker parents, and was born at War- wick, Rhode Island, May 27, 1742. In youth he acquired a good education, chiefly by his own efforts, as he was a tireless reader. In 1770 he was elected a member of the Assembly of his native state. The news of the battle of Lexington stirred his blood, and he offered his services to the government of the colonies, receiving the rank of brigadier-general and the com- mand of the troops from Rhode Island. He led them to the camp at Cambridge, and for thus violating the tenets of their faith, he was cast out of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He soon won the es- teem of General Washington. In August, 1776, Congress promoted Greene to the rank cf major-general, and in the battles of Trenton and Princeton he led a division. At the battle of Brandy wine, September 11, 1777, he greatly distinguished himself, pro- tecting the retreat of the Continentals by his firm stand. At the battle of German- town, October 4, the same year, he com- manded the left wing of the army with credit. In March, 1778, he reluctantly ac- cepted the office of quartermaster-general, but only with the understanding that his rank in the army would not be affected and that in action he should retain his command. On the bloody field of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, he commanded the right wing, as he did at the battle of Tiverton Heights. He was in command of the army in 1780, dur- ing the absence of Washington, and was president of the court-martial that tried and condemned Major Andre. After General Gates' defeat at Camden, North Carolina, in the summer of 1780, General Greene was ap- pointed to the command of the southern army. He sent out a force under General Morgan who defeated General Tarleton at Cowpens, January 17, 1781. On joining his lieuten- ant, in February, he found himself out num- bered by the British and retreated in good order to Virginia, but being reinforced re- turned to North Carolina where he fought the battle of Guilford, and a few days later compelled the retreat of Lord Cornwallis. The British were followed by Greene part of the way, when the American army marched into South Carolina. After vary- ing success he fought the battle of Eutaw Springs, September 8, 1781. Forthelatter battle and its glorious consequences, which virtually closed the war in the Caroiinas, Greene received a medal from Congress and many valuable grants of land from the colonies of North and South Carolina and Georgia. On the return of peace, after a year spent in Rhode Island, General Greene took up his residence on his estate near Savannah, Georgia, where he died June 19, 1786. EDGAR ALLEN POE.— Among the many great literary men whom this country has produced, there is perhaps no name more widely known than that of Ed- gar Allen Poe. He was born at Boston, Massachusetts, February 19, 1809. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Arnold) Poe, both actors, the mother said to have been the natural daughter of Benedict Ar- nold. The parents died while Edgar was coMPi:.\i)iL'M OF mocRAPnr. still a child and he was adopted by John Allen, a wealthy and influential resident of Richmond, Nirjjinia. Edgar was sent to school at Stoke, Newington, England, where he remained until he wac thirteen years old; was prepared fur coll'-ge by pri- vate tutors, and in 1826 entered the Virginia University at Charlottesville. He made rapid progress in his studies, and was dis- tinguished for his scholarship, but was ex- pelled within a year for gambling, after which f' had begun to assume great preponderance dur- ing this administration, and a great conflict was tided over by the passage of a resolu- tion that prohibited petitions or papers that in any way related to slavery to be acted upon. In the Democratic convention of 1840 President Van Buren secured the nomination for re-election on that ticket COAfrEXDIl'M OF BIOGRArnV 79 without opposition, but in the election he only received the votes of seven states, his opponent, W. H. Harrison, being elected president. In 1848 Mr. Van Buren was the candidate of the " Free-Soilers, " but was unsuccessful. After this he retired from public life and spent the feinainder of his life on his estate at Kinderhook, where he died July 24, 1862. W INFIELD SCOTT, a distinguished American general, was born June 13, 17S6, near Petersburg, Dinwiddie county, Virginia, and was educated at the William and Mary College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, and in 1S08 he accepted an appointment as captain of light artillerj', and was ordered to Xew Orleans. In June, 181 2, he was promoted to be lieutenant- colonel, and on application was sent to the frontier, and reported to General Smyth, near Buffalo. He was made adjutant-gen- eral with the rank of a colonel, in March, 18 1 3, and the same month attained the colo- nelcy of his regiment. He participated in the principal battles of the war and was wounded many times, and at the close of the war he was voted a gold medal by con- gress for his services. He was a writer of considerable merit on military topics, and he gave to the military science, "General Regulations of the Army " and " System of Infantry and Rifle Practice." He took a prominent part in the Black Hawk war, and at the beginning of the Mexican war he was appointed to take the command of the army. Gen. Scott immediately assembled his troops at Lobos Island from which he moved by transports to Vera Cruz, which he took March 29, 1847, and rapidly fol- lov-'ed up his first success. He fought the battles of Cerro Gordo and Jalapa, both of which he won, and proceeded to Pueblo where he was preceded by Worth's division which had taken the town and waited for the coming of Scott. The army was forced to wait here for supplies, and August 7th, General Scott started on his victorious march to the city of Me.xico with ten thou- sand, seven hundred and thirtj'-eight men. The battles of Contreras, Cherubusco and San Antonio were fought August 19-20, and on the 24th an armistice was agreed upon, but as the commissioners could not agree on the terms of settlement, the fight- ing was renewed at Molino Del Rey, and the Heights of Chapultepec were carried by the victorious army of General Scott. He gave the enemy no respite, however, and vigorously followed up his advantages. On September 14, he entered the City of Mexico and dictated the terms of surrender in the very heart of the Mexican Republic. General Scott was offered the presidency of the Mexican Republic, but declined. Con- gress extended him a vote of thanks and ordered a gold medal be struck in honor of his generalship and bravery. He was can- didate for the presidency on the Whig plat- form but was defeated. He was honored by having the title of . lieutenant-general con- ferred upon him in 1855. At the beginning of the Civil war he was too infirm to take charge of the army, but did signal service in be- half of the government. He retired from the service November i, 1861, and in 1864 he published his "Autobiography." Gen- eral Scott died at West Point, May 29, 1866. EDWARD EVERETT HALE for many years occupied a high place among the most honored of America's citizens. As a preacher he ranks among the foremost in the New England states, but to the gen- eral public he is best known through his writings. Born in Boston, Mass., April 3, 80 co.vrEXDiiM or nioGRAPnr. 1822, a descendant of one of the most prominent New England families, he enjoyed in his youth many of the advantages denied the majority of boys. He received his pre- paratory schooling at the Boston Latin School, after which he finished his studies at Harvard where he was graduated with high honors in 1839. Having studied theology at home, Mr. Hale embraced the ministry and in 1846 became pastor of a Unitarian ■rhurch in Worcester, Massachusetts, a post which he occupied about ten years. He then, in 1856, became pastor of the South Congregational church in Boston, over which he presided many years. Mr. Hale also found time to write a great many literary works of a high class. .\mong many other well-known productions •>f his are " The Kosary," " Margaret Per- :ival in America." "Sketches of Christian iistory," "Kansas and Nebraska," " Let- .ers on Irish Emigration," " Ninety Days' Worth of Europe," " If, Yes, and Perhaps," "Ingham Papers," " Reformation," " Level Best and Other Stories, " ' • Ups and Downs, " "Christmas Eve and Christinas Day." " In His Name, ' "Our New Crusade," "Work- ingmen's Homes," " Boys' Heroes," etc., etc., besides many others which might be mentioned. One of his works, " In His Name," has earned itself enduring fame by the good deeds it has called forth. The numerous associations known as ' 'The King's Daughters," which has accomplished much good, owe their existence to the story men- tioned. DAVID GLASCOE FAKKAGUT stands pre-eminent as one of the greatest na- val ofVicers of the world. He was born at Campbell's Station. East Tennessee. July 5. 1801, and entered the navy of the United St..l.-s MS a inidslnpinan. H.' ha.l tin- trood fortune to serve under Captain David Por- ter, who commanded the " Essex." and by whom he was taught the ideas of devotion to duty from which he never swer\'ed dur- ing all his career. In 1823 Mr. Farragut took part in a severe fight, the result of which was the suppression of piracy in the West Indies. He then entered upon the regular duties of his profession which was only broken into by a years residence with Charles Folsom, our consul at Tunis, who was afterwards a distinguished professor at Harvard. Mr. Farragut was one of the best linguists in the navy. He had risen through the different grades of the service until the war of 1861-65 found him a captain resid- ing at Norfolk, Virginia. He removed with his family to Hastings, on the Hudson, and hastened to offer his services to the Federal government, and as the capture of New Orleans had been resolved upon, Farragut was chosen to command the expedition. His force consisted of the West Gulf block- ading squadron and Porters mortar flotilla. In January, 1862, he hoisted his pennant at the mizzen peak of the "Hartford" at Hampton roads, set sail from thence on the 3rd of February and reached Ship Island on the 20th of the same month. A council of war was held on the 20th of .\pril. in which it was decided that whatever was to be done must be done quickly. The signal was made from the flagship and accordingly the fleet weighed anchor at 1:55 on the morning of April 24th. and at 3:30 the whole force was underway. The history of this brilliant strug- gleiswell known. andthe glory ofit made Far- ragut a hero and also made him rear admir- al. In the summer of 1862 he ran the batteries at Vicksburg. and on March 14. 1863. he passed through the fearful and destructive fire from Port Hud.son, and opened up com- munication with Flag-officer Porter, wha LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS CO.^fPEXDIUM OF BIOGRArnr. 8P had control of the upper Mississippi. On May 24th he commenced active operations against that fort in conjunction with the army and it fell on July 9th. Mr. Farragut filled the measure of his fame on the 5th of Au- gust, 1864. by his great victory, the capture of Mobile Bay and the destruction of the Confederate fleet, including the formidable ram Tennessee. For this victory the rank of admiral was given to Mr. Farragut. He died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Au- gust 4, 1870. GEORGE W. CHILDS, a philanthropist whose remarkable personality stood for the best and highest type of American citizenship, and whose whole life was an object lesson in noble living, was born in 1829 at Baltimore, Maryland, of humble parents, and spent his early life in unremit- ting toil. He was a self-made man in the fullest sense of the word, and gained his great wealth by his own efforts. He was a man of very great influence, and this, in conjunction with his wealth, would have been, in the hands of other men, a means of getting them political preferment, but Mr. Childs steadily declined any suggestions that would bring him to figure prominently in public affairs. He did not choose to found a financial dynasty, but devoted all his powers to the helping of others, with the most enlightened beneficence and broadest sympathy. Mr. Childs once remarked that his greatest pleasure in life was in doing good to others. He always despised mean- ness, and one of his objects of life was to prove that a man could be liberal and suc- cessful at the same time. Upon these lines Mr. Childs made a name for himself as the director of one of the representative news- papers of America, "The Philadelphia Pub- lic Ledger," which was owned jointly by himself and the Dre.xel estate, and which he edited for thirty years. He acquired con- trol of the paper at a time when it was be- ing published at a heavy loss, set it upon a firm basis of prosperity, and he made it more than a money-making machine — he made it respected as an e.xponent of the best side of journalism, and it stands as a monument to his sound judgment and up- right business principles. Mr. Childs' char- itable repute brought him many applications for assistance, and he never refused to help any one that was deserving of aid; and not only did he help those who asked, but he would by careful inquiry find those who needed aid but were too proud to solicit it. He was a considerable employer of labor and his liberality was almost unparalleled. The death of this great and good man oc- curred February 3d, 1894. PATRICK HENRY won his way to un- dying fame in the annals of the early history of the United States by introducing into the house of burgesses his famous reso- lution against the Stamp Act, which he car- ried through, afj;er a stormy debate, by a majority of one. At this time he exclaimed " Caesar had his Brutus, Charles I his Crom- well and George HI " (here he was inter- rupted by cries of " treason ") " may profit by their example. If this be treason make the most of it." Patrick Henry was born at Studley, Hanover county, Virginia, May 29, 1736, and was a son of Colonel John Henry, a magistrate and school teacher of Aberdeen, Scotland, and a nephew of Robertson, the historian. He received his education from his father, and was married at the age of eighteen. He was twice bankrupted before he had reached his twenty-fourth year, when after six weeks of study he was admitted to CoMJ'EXDirM OF Ji/OG HA /'//}-. the bar. He worked for three years with- out a case and finally was applauded for his plea lor the f>eoples rights and gained im- mense popularity. After his famous Stamp Act resolution he was the leader of the pa- triots in Virginia. In 1769 he was admitted to practice in the general courts and speed- ily won a fortune by his distinguished ability as a speaker. He was the first speaker of the General Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. He was for a time a colonel of militia in 1775. and from 1776 to 1779 and 1781 to i7S6he was governor of Virginia. For a number of years he retired from pub- lic life and was tendered and declined a number of important political offices, and in March, 17S9, he was elected state senator but aid not take his seat on account of his death which occurred at Red Hill, Charlotte county, Virginia, June 6, 1799. BENEDICT ARNOLD, an American general and traitor of the Revolution- ary war, is one of the noted characters in American history. He was born in Nor- wich, Connecticut, January 3, 1740. He ran away and enlisted in" the army when young, but deserted in a short time. He then became a merchant at New Haven, Connecticut, but failed. In 1775 he was commissioned colonel in the Massachusetts militia, and in the autumn of that year was placed in command of one thousand men (or the invasion of Canada. He marched his army through the forests of Maine and joined General Montgomery before Quebec. Their combined forces attacked that city on December 31, 1775, and Montgomery was killed, and Arnold, severely wounded, was compelled to retreat and endure a rigorous winter a few miles from the city, where they were at the mercy of the Canadian troops had they cared to attack them. On his re- turn he was raised to the rank of brigadier- : general. He was given command of a small flotilla on Lake Champlain, with which he encountered an immense force, and though defeated, performed many deeds of valor. He resented the action of congress in pro- moting a number of his fellow officers and neglecting himself. In 1777 he was made j major-general, and under General Gates at i Bemis Heights fought valiantly. For some 1 reason General Gates found fault with his I conduct and ordered him under arrest, and j he was kept in his tent until the battle of 1 Stillwater was waxing hot, when Arnold mounted his horse and rode to the front of his old troop, gave command to charge, and I rode like a mad man into the thickest of I the fight and was not overtaken by Gates' courier until he had routed the enemy and fell wounded. Upon his recovery he was made general, and was placed in command at Philadelphia. Here he married, and his acts of rapacity soon resulted in a court - martial. He was sentenced to be repri- manded by the commander-in-chief, and though Washington performed this duty with utmost delicacy and consideration, it was never forgiven. Arnold obtained com- mand at West Point, the most important post held by the Americans, in 1780, and immediately offered to surrender it to Sir Henry Clinton, British commander at New York. Major Andre was sent to arrange details with .■\rnold, but on his return trip , to New York he w.as captured by .Americans, the plot was detected, and Andre suffered j the death penalty as a spy. Arnold es- caped, and was paid about $40,000 by the British for his treason and was made briga- I dier-general. He afterward commanded an expedition that plundered a portion of Vir- ginia, and another that burned New Lon- don, Connecticut, and captured Fort Trum- COMPEXniLM OF BIOGRAPHr. 85 bull, the commandant of which Arnold mur- dered with the sword he had just surren- dered. He passed the latter part of his life in England, universally despised, and died in London June 14, 1801. ROBERT G. INGERSOLL, one of the most brilliant orators that America has produced, also a lawyer of considerable merit, won most of his fame as a lecturer. Mr. Ingersoll was born Aupust 24, 1833, at Drydeii, Gates count}-, New York, and received his education in the common schools. He went west at the age of twelve, and for a short time he attended an academy in Tennessee, and also taught school in that state. He began the practice of law in the southern part of Illinois in 1854. Colonel Ingersoll's principal fame was made in the lecture room by his lectures in which he ridiculed religious faith and creeds and criti- cised the Bible and the Christian religion. He was the orator of the day in the Decora- tion Day celebration in the city of New York in 1882 and his oration was widelj' com- mended. He first attracted political notice in the convention at Cincinnati in 1876 by his brilliant eulogy on James G. Blaine. He practiced law in Peoria, Illinois, for a num- ber of years, but later located in the city of New York. He published the follow- ing: "The Gods and other Lectures;" "The Ghosts;" "Some Mistakes of Moses;" "What Shall I Do To Be Saved;" "Inter- views on Talmage and Presbyterian Cate- chism ;" The "North American Review Controversy;" "Prose Poems;" " A Vision of War;" etc. JOSEPH ECCLESTON JOHNSTON, a noted general in the Confederate army, was born in Prince Edward county. \'irginia, in 1S07. He graduated from West Point and entered the army in 1829. For a num- ber of years his chief service was garrison duty. He saw active service, however, in the Seminole war in Florida, part of the time as a staff officer of General Scott. He resigned his commission in 1837, but re- turned to the army a year later, and was brevetted captain for gallant services in Florida. He was made first lieutenant of topographical engineers, and was engaged in river and harbor improvements and also in the survey of the Te.xas boundary and the northern boundary of the United States until the beginning of the war with Mexico. He was at the siege of Vera Cruz, and at the battle of Cerro Gordo was wounded while reconnoitering the enemy's position, after which he was brevetted major and colonel. He was in all the battles about the city of Me.xico, and was again wounded in the final assault upon that city. After the Mexican war closed he returned to duty as captain of topographical engineers, but in 1855 he was made lieutenant-colonel of cavalry and did frontier duty, and was ap- pointed inspector-general of the expedition to Utah. In i860 he was appointed quar- termaster-general with rank of brigadier- general. At the outbreak of hostilities in 1 86 1 he resigned his commission and re- ceived the appointment of major-general of the Confederate army. He held Harper's Ferry, and later fought General Patterson about Winchester. At the battle of Bull Run he declined command in favor of Beau- regard, and acted under that general's direc- tions. He commanded the Confederates in the famous Peninsular campaign, and was severely wounded at Fair Oaks and was succeeded in command by General Lee. Upon his recovery he was made lieutenant- general and assigned to the command of the southwestern department. He attempted co.u/'iix/i/r.u OF liiOGHArur. to raise the siege of Vicksburg. and was finally defeated at Jackson, Mississippi. Haviufj been made a general he succeeded General Bragg in command of the army of Tennessee and was ordered to check General Sherman's advance upon Atlanta. Not daring to risk a battle with the overwhelm- ing forces of Sherman, he slowly retreated toward Atlanta, and was relieved of com- mand by President Davis and succeeded by General Hood. Hood utterly destroyed his own army by three furious attacks upon Sherman. Johnston was restored to com- mand in the Carolinas, and again faced Sherman, but was defeated in several en- gagements and continued a slow retreat toward Richmond. Hearing of Lee's sur- render, he communicated with General Sherman, and finally surrendered his army at Durham, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. General Johnston was elected a member of the forty-si.xth congress and was ap- pointed United States railroad commis- sioner in 1885. His death occurred March SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS, known throughout the civilized world as "Makk Tw.mn, " is recognized as one of the greatest humorists America has pro- duced. He was born in Monroe county, Missouri, November 30, 1835. Hespenthis boyhood days in his native state and many of his earlier experiences are related in vari- ous forms in his later writings. One of his early acquaintances, Capt. Isaiah Sellers, at an early day furnished river news for the New Orleans " Picayune," using the nom- dc-plume of "Mark Twain." Sellers died in 1863 and Clemens took up his ttom-de- plumc and made it famous throughout the world by his literary work. In 1862 Mr. Clemens became a journalist at \'irginia. Nevada, and afterward followed the same pro- fession at San Francisco and Buffalo, New York. He accumulated a fortune from the sale of his many publications, but in later years engaged in business enterprises, partic- ularly the manufacture of a typesetting ma- chine, which dissipated his fortune and re- ! duced him almost to poverty, but with resolute heart he at once again took up his pen and engaged in literary work in the effort to I regain his lost ground. Among the best I known ofhis works may be mentioned the fol- lowing: "The Jumping Frog, " " Tom Saw- yer," " Roughing it," " Innocents Abroad," "Huckleberry Finn," "Gilded Age," "Prince and Pauper." "Million Pound Bank Note," "A Yankee in King Arthur's Court," etc. CHRISTOPHER CARSON. better known as "Kit Cakson; ' was an Amer- ican trapper and scout who gained a wide reputation for his frontier work. He was a native of Kentucky, born December 24th, 1809. He grew to manhood there, devel- oping a natural inclination for adventure in the pioneer experiences in his native state. When yet a young man he became quite well known on the frontier. He served as a guide to Gen. Fremont in his Rocky Mountain explorations and enlisted in the army. He was an officer in the United States service in both the Mexican war and the great Civil war, and in the latter received a brevet of brigadier-general for meritorious service. His death occurred May 23, 186S. JOHN SHERMAN.— Statesman, politi- cian, cabinet officer and senator, the name of the gentleman who heads this sketch is al- most a household word throughout this country. Identified with some of the most COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPHY 87 important measures adopted by our Govern- ment since the close of the Civil war, he may well be called one of the leading men of his day. John Sherman was born at Lancaster, Fairfield countj% Ohio, May loth, 1S23, the son of Charles R. Sherman, an emi- nent lawyer and judge of the supreme court of Ohio and who died in 1 829. The subject of this article received an academic educa- tion and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In the Whig conventions of 1844 and 1848 he sat as a delegate. He was a member of the National house of representatives, from 1S55 to 1S61. In i860 he was re- elected to the same position but was chosen United States senator before he took his seat in the lower house. He was re-elected senator in 1866 and 1872 and was long chairman of the committee on finance and on agriculture. He took a prominent part in debates on finance and on the conduct of the war, and was one of the authors of the reconstruction measures in 1S66 and 1867, and was appointed secretary- of the treas- ury March 7th, 1S77. Mr. Sherman was re-elected United States senator from Ohio January i8th, 1881, and j again in 1886 and 1892, during which time he was regarded as one of the most promi- nent leaders of the Republican party, both in the senate and in the country. He was several times the favorite of his state for the nomination for president. On the formation of his cabinet in March, 1897. President McKinley tendered the posi- tion of secretary of state to Mr. Sherman, which was accepted. WILLI.AM HENRY H.ARRISON, ninth president of the United States, was born in Charles county, Virginia, February 9i 1773. the son of Governor Benjamin Harrison. He took a course in Hampden- Sidney College with a view to the practice of medicine, and then went to Philadelphia to study under Dr. Rush, but in 1791 he entered the army, and obtained the commis- sion of ensign, was soon promoted to the lieutenancy, and was with General Wayne in his war against the Indians. For his valuable service he was promoted to the rank of captain and given command of Fort Washington, now Cincinnati. He was ap- pointed secretary of the Northwest Territory in I79i", and in 1799 became its representa- tive in congress. In iSoi he was appointed governor of Indiana Territory, and held the position for twelve years, during which time he negotiated important treaties with the In- dians, causing them to relinquish millions of acres of land, and also won the battle of Tippecanoe in 181 1. He succeeded in obtaining a change in the law which did not permit purchase of public lands in less tracts than four thousand acres, reducing the limit to three hundred and twenty acres. He became major-general of Kentucky militia and brigadier-general in the United States army in 18 12, and won great renown in the defense of Fort Meigs, and his victory over the British and Indians under Proctor and Tecumseh at the Thames river, October 5. 1813. In 1 8 16 General Harrison was elected to congress from Ohio, and during the canvass was accused of corrupt methods in regard to the commissariat of the army. He demanded an investigation after the election and was exonerated. In 18 19 he was elected to the Ohio state senate, and in 1824 he gave his vote as a presidential elector to Henry Clay. He became a member of the United States senate the same year. During the last year of Adams' administration he was sent as minister to Colombia, but was re- COMrEXDIl M OF HUH, HAP HV called by President Jackson the following ] year. He then retired to his estate at North I Bend, Ohio, a few miles below Cincinnati. In \ 1836 he was a candidate for the presidency, but as there were three other candidates the votes were divided, he receiving seventy- three electoral votes, a majority going to Mr. Van Buren, the Democratic candidate. Four years later General Harrison was again nominated by the Whigs, and elected by a tremendous majority. The campaign was noted for its novel features, many of which have found a permanent place in subsequent campaigns. Those peculiar to that cam- paign, however, were the " log-cabin " and " hard cider" watchwords, which produced great enthusiasm among his followers. One month after his inauguration he died from an attack of pleurisy, April 4, 1841. which he made one of the leaders of thought in the eastern part of the United States. He wielded a forceful pen and fearlessly attacked whatever was corrupt and unworthy in politics, state or national. The same year, 1867. Mr. Dana organized the New York "Sun " Company. During the troublous days of the war, when the fate of the Nation depended upon the armies in the field, Mr. Dana accepted the arduous and responsible position of assistant secretary of war. and held the position during the greater part of 1863 and 1864. He died October 17, 1897. CHARLES A. DANA, the well-known and widely-read journalist of New York City, a native of Hinsdale, New Hampshire, was born August 8, 18 19. He received the elements of a good education in his youth and studied for two years at Harvard University. Owing to some disease of the eyes he was unable to complete his course j and graduate, but was granted the degree of ] A. M. notwithstanding. For some time he was editor of the " Harbinger," and was a regular contributor to the Boston " Chrono- type." In 1847 he became connected with the New York " Tribune, "and continued on the staff of that journal until 1858. In the latter year he edited and compiled "The Household Book of Poetry," and later, in connection with George Ripley, edited the "New American Cyclopaedia." Mr. Dana, on severing his connection with the "Tribune" in 1867, became editor of the New York "Sun," a paper with which he was identified for many years, and AS.\ GRAY was recognized throughout the Scientific world as one of the ablest and most eminent of botanists. He was born at Paris, Oneida county. New York, November 18, 18 10. He received his medi- cal degree at the Fairfield College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in Herkimer county. New York, and studied botany with the late Professor Torrey, of New York. He was appointed botanist to the Wilkes expedition in 1834, but declined the offer and became professor of natural history in Harvard Uni- versity in 1842. He retired from the active duties of this post in 1873, and in 1874 he was the regent of the Smithsonian Institu- tion at Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Gray wrote several books on the sub- ject of the many sciences of which he was master. In 1836 he published his " Ele- ments of Botany," "Manual of Botany" in 1848; the unfinished "Flora of North America," by himself and Dr. Torrey, the publication of which commenced in 1838. There is another of his unfinished works called "Genera Boreali-Americana," pub- lished in 1848, and the "Botany of the United States Pacific E.xploring Expedition in 1S54." He wrote many elaborate papers COMPEXDirM OF BIOGRAPlir. 89 on the botany of the west and southwest that were published in the Smithsonian Con- tributions, Memoirs, etc., of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which in- stitution he was president for ten years. Me was also the author of many of the government reports. " How Plants Grow," "Lessons in Botany," " Structural and Sys- tematic Botany," are also works from his leady pen. Dr. Gray published in 1861 his "Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise " and his " Darwiniana," in 1876. Mr. Gray was elected July 29, 1878, to a membership in the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences. His death occurred at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, January 30, 1889. WILLIAM MAXWELL EVARTS was one of the greatest leaders of the American bar. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 6, 1818, and grad- uated from Yale College in 1837. He took up the study of law, which he practiced in the city of New York and won great renown as an orator and advocate. He affiliated with the Republican party, which he joined soon after its organization. He was the leading counsel employed for the defense of ■-.esident Johnson in his trial for impeach- ..^ent before the senate in April and May of 1868. In July, 1868, Mr. Evarts was appointed attorney-general of the United States, and served until March 4, 1869. He was one of the three lawyers who were selected by President Grant in 1871 to defend the inter- ests of the citizens of the United States be- fore the tribunal of arbitration which met at Geneva in Switzerland to settle the con- troversy over the " Alabama Claims." He was one of the most eloquent advo- cates in the United States, and many of his public addresses have been preserved and published. He was appointed secretary of state March 7, 1877, by President Hayes, and served during the Hayes administration. He was elected senator from the state of New York January 21, 1885, and at once took rank among the ablest statesmen in Congress, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions gave him a national reputation. JOHN WANAMAKER.— The life of this COMPEXDIi'M OF B/OG/iAP//)'. second appearance in London, he became involved in a bitter rivalry with the great English actor. Macread}', who had visited- America two years before. The result was that Forrest was hissed from the stage, and it was charged that Macreadj- had instigated the plot. Forrest's resentment was so bitter that he himself openly hissed Macready from his bo.K a few nights later. In 1 848 Macready again visited America at a time when American admiration and enthusiasm for Forrest had reached its height. Macready undertook to play at Astor Place Opera House in May, 1 849, but was hooted off the stage. A few nights later Macready made a second attempt to play at the same house, this time under police protection. The house was filled with Macready 's friends, but the vio- olence of the mob outside stopped the play, and the actor barely escaped with his life. Upon reading the riot act the police and troops were assaulted with stones. The troops replied, first with blank cartridges, and then a volley of lead dispersed the mob, leaving thirty men dead or seriously wounded. After this incident Forrest's popularity waned, until in 1855 he retired from the stage. He re-appeared in i860, however, and probably the most remunerative period of his life was between that date and the close of the Civil war. His last appearance on the stage was at the Globe Theatre, Boston, in Richelieu, in April, 1S72, his death occurring December 1 2 of that year. NOAH PORTER, D. D.. LL. D.. was one of the most noted educators, au- thors and scientific writers of the United States. He was born December 14, 181 1, at Farmington, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1S31, and was master of Hopkins Grammar School at New Haven in 1831-33. During 1833-35 he was a tutor at Yale, and at the same time was pursuing his theological studies, and became pastor of the Congregational church at New Mil- ford, Connecticut, in April, 1836. Dr. Porter removed to Springfield, Massachu- setts, in 1843, ^nd was chosen professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy at Yale in 1846. He spent a year in Germany in the study of modern metaphysics in 1853- 54, and in 1871 he was elected president of Yale College. He resigned the presidency in 18S5, but still remained professor of met- aphysics and moral philosophy. He was the author of a number of works, among which are the following: "Historical Es- say," written in commemorationof the 200th aniversary of the settlement of the town of Farmington; •' Educational System of the Jesuits Compared;" "The Human Intel- lect," with an introduction upon psychology and the soul; " Books and Reading;" "American Colleges and the American Pub- lic;" " Elementsof Intellectual Philosophy;" "The Science of Nature versus the Science of Man;" "Science and Sentiment;" "Ele- ments of Moral Science." Dr. Porter was the principal editor of the revised edition of Webster's Dictionary in 1864, and con- tributed largely to religious reviews and periodicals. Dr. Porter's death occurred March 4, 1892, at New Haven, Connecticut. JOHN TYLER, tenth president of the United States, was born in Charles City county, Virginia, March 29, 1790, and was the son of Judge John Tyler, one of the most distinguished men of his day. When but twelve years of age young John Tyler entered William and Mary Col- lege, graduating from there in 1806. He took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1809, when but nineteen years co.yi'E.snnM oi- juocuAi-iir. of age. On attaining his majority in 1811 he was elected a member of the state legis- lature, and for five years held that position by the almost unanimous vole of his county. He was elected to congress in 18 16. and ser\'ed in that body for four years, after which for two years he represented his dis- trict again in the legislature of the state. While in congress, he opposed the United States bank, the protective policy and in- ternal improvements by the United States government. 1825 saw Mr. Tyler governor of Virginia, but in 1827 he was chosen membei of the United States senate, and held that office for nine years. He therein opposed the administration of Adams and the tariff bill of 1828, sympathized with the nullif-ers of South Carolina and was the only senator who voted against the Force bill lor the suppression of that state's insip- ient rebellion. He resigned his position as senator on account of a disagreement with the legislature of his state in relation to his censuring President Jackson. He retired to Williamsburg, Virginia, but being regarded as a martyr by the Whigs, whom, hereto- fore, he had always opposed, was supported by many of that party for the vice- presi- dency in 1836. He sat in the Virginia leg- islature as a Whig in 1839-40, and was a delegate to the convention of that party in i8;9. This national convention nominated him for the second place on the ticket with General William H. H. Harrison, and he was elected vice-president in November, 1 840. President Harrison dying one month after his inauguration, he was succeeded by John Tyler. He retained the cabinet chosen by his predecessor, and for a time moved in harmony with the Whig party. He finally instructed the secretary of the treasury. Thomas Ewing, to submit to congress a bill for the incorporation of a fiscal bank of the United States, which was passed by con- I gress, but vetoed by the president on ac- I count of some amendments he considered i unconstitutional, p'or this and other meas- ures he was accused of treachery to his party, and deserted by his whole cabinet, except Daniel Webs' er. Things grew worse until he was abandoned by the Whig party formally, when Mr. Webster resigned. He was nominated at Baltimore, in May, 1844, at the Democratic convention, as their pres- i idential candidate, but withdrew from the canvass, as he saw he had not succeed- ed in gaining the confidence of his old party. He then retired from politics until February, 1861, when he was made presi- dent of the abortive peace congress, which met in Washington. He shortly after re- nounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected a member of the Confeder- ate congress. He died at Richmond, Janu- ary 17. 1862. Mr. Tyler married, in 18 13, Miss Letitia Christian, who died in 1842 at Washington. June 26. 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage, with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. COLLIS POTTER HUNTINGTON, one of the great men of his time and who has left his impress upon the history of our national development, was born October 22, 1821, at Harwinton, Connecticut. He received a common-school education and at the age of fourteen his spirit of get- ting along in the world mastered his educa- tional propensities and his father's objcc- j tions and he left school. He went to Cali- ! fornia in the early days and had opportunities which he handled masterfully. Others had the same opportunities but they did not have his brains nor his energy, and it was he who overcame obstacles and reaped the reward of his genius. TranscontiiuMital railways COMT'EXniLWr OF JUOGRAPUr 95 were inevitable, but the realization of this masterful achievement would have been de- layed to a much later daj' if there had been no Huntington. He associated himself with Messrs. Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker, and they furnished the money necessary for a survey across the Sierra Nevadas, secured a charter for the road, and raised, with the government's aid, money enough to construct and equip that railway, which at the time of its completion was a marvel of engineering and one of the wonders of the world, ^fr. Huntington be- came president of the Southern Pacific rail- road, vice-president of the Central Pacific; trustee of the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, and a director of the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Compan\-, besides being identified with many other business enterprises of vast importance. j brevet major-general" for gallant conduct j during the engagement. General Custer I was in command of a cavalry division in the pursuit of Lee's army in 1865, and fought at Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, where he was made brevet brigadier-general ; Sailors Creek and Appomattox, where he gained additional honors and was made brevet major-general, and was given the command of the cavalry in the military division of the southwest and Gulf, in 1865. After the establishment of peace he went west on frontier duty and performed gallant and valuable service in the troubles with the Indians. He was killed in the massacre on the Little Big Horn river. South Dakota, June 25, 1876. GEORGE A. CUSTER, a famous In- dian fighter, was born in Ohio in 1840. He graduated at West Point in 1861, an- served in the Civil war; was at Bull Run id 1861, and was in the Peninsular campaign, being one of General McClellan's aides-de, camp. He fought in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam in 1863, and was with General Stoneman on his famous cavalry raid. He was engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, and was there made brevet- major. In 1863 was appointed brigadier- general of volunteers. General Custer was in many skirmishes in central Virginia in 1863-64, and was present at the following battles of the Richmond campaign: Wil- derness, Todd'sTavern, Yellow Tavern, where hewasbrevetted lieutenant-colonel; Meadow Bridge, Haw's Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevil- lian Station. In the Shenandoah Valley 1 864-65 he was brevetted colonel at Opequan Creek, and at Cedar Creek he was made DANIEL WOLSEY VOORHEES, cel- brated as " The Tall Sycamore of the Wabash," was born September 26, 1827, in Butler county, Ohio. When he was two months old his parents removed to Fount- ain county, Indiana. He grew to manhood on a farm, engaged in all the arduous work pertaining to rural life. In 1845 he entered the Indiana Asbury University, now the De Pauw, from which he graduated in 1849. He took up the study of law at Crawfords- ville, and in 1S51 began the practice of his profession at Covington, Fountain county, Indiana. He became a law partner of United States Senator Hannegan, of Indi- ana, in 1852, and in 1856 he was an unsuc- cessful candidate for congress. In the fol- lowing year he took up his residence in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was United States district attorney for Indiana from 1857 until 1 86 1, and he had during this period been elected to congress, in i860. Mr. Voorhees was re-elected to congress in 1 862 and 1 864, but he was unsuccessful in the election of 1866. However, he was returned to con- coMPHxnii'M OF imHiiiAPiir. gfress in 1868, where he remained until 1874, having been re-elected twice. In 1877 he was appointed United States senator from Indiana to fill a vacancy caused by the death of O. P. Morton, and at the end of the term was elected for the ensuing term, being re- elected in 1885 and in 1891 to the same of- fice. He served with distinction on many of the committees, and took a very prom- inent part in the discussion of all the im- portant legislation of his time. His death occurred in August, 189 . ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL, fa- mous as one of the inventors of the tele- phone, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, March 3rd. 1847. He received his early education in the high school and later he attended the university, and was specially trained to follow his grandfather's profes- sion, that of removing impediments of speech. He emigrated to the United States in 1872. and introduced into this country his father's invention of visible speech in the institutions for deaf-mutes. Later he was appointed professor of vocal physiology in the Boston University. He worked for many years during his leisure hours on his telephonic discovery, and finally perfected it and exhibited it publicly, before it had reached the high state of perfection to which he brought it. His first exhibition of it was at the Centennial Exhibition that was held in Philadelphia in 1S76. Its success is now established throughout the civilized world. In 1882 Prof. Bell received a diploma and the decoration of the Legion of Honor from the Academy of Sciences of France. WIM.IAM HICKLING PKESCOTT, the justly celebrated historian and author, was a native of Salem, Massachu- setts, and was born May 4, 1796. He was the son of Judge William Prescott and the grandson of the hero of Bunker Hill. Colonel William Prescott. Our subject in 1808 removed with the family to Boston, in the schools of which city he received his early education. He entered Harvard College as a sophomore in 181 1, having been prepared at the private classical college of Rev. Dr. J. S. J. Gardi- jner. The following year he received an in- ury in his left eye which made study through life a matter of difficulty. He graduated in 18 14 with high honors in the classics and belle lettres. He spent several months on the Azores Islands, and later visited England, France and Italy, return- ing home in 1817. In June, 1818. he founded a social and literary club at Boston for which he edited "The Club Room," a periodical doomed to but a short life. May 4. 1820, he married Miss Susan Amory. He devoted several years after that event to a thorough study of ancient and modern history and literature. As the fruits of his labors he published several well written essays upon French and Italian poetry and romance in the " North American Review." January 19, 1826, he decided to take up his first great historical work, the " History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella." To this he gave the labor of ten years, publish- ing the same December 25, 1837. Although placed at the head of all American authors, so diffident was Prescott of his literary merit that although he had four copies of this work printed for his own convenience, he hesitated a long time before giving it to the public, and it was only by the solicitation of friends, especially of that talented Spanish scholar, George Ticknor. that he was in- duced to do so. Soon the volumes were translated into French, Italian, Dutch and German, ami the work was recognized COMrEXniLM OF BIOCRAPUr 97 throughout the world as one of the most meritorious of historical compositions. In 1843 he published the "Conquest of Mexi- co," and in 1S47 the "Conquest of Peru." Two years later there came from his pen a volume of " Biographical and Critical Mis- cellanies." Going abroad in the summer of 1850, he was received with great distinction in the literary circles of London, Edinburgh, Paris, Antwerp and Brussels. Oxford Uni- versity conferred the degree of D. C. L. upon him. In 1855 he issued two volumes of his "History of the Reign of Philip the Second," and a third in 1858. In the meantime he edited Robertson's "Charles the Fifth," adding a history of the life of that monarch after his abdication. Death cut short his work on the remaining volumes Oi " Philip the Second," coming to him at Boston, Massachusetts, May 28, 1859. OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, a noted American commodore, was born in South Kingston, Rhode Island, August 23, 1785. He saw his first service as a mid- shipman in the United States navy in April, 1799. He cruised with his father, Captain Christopher Raymond Perry, in the West In- dies for about two years. In 1804 he was in the war against Tripoli, and was made lieutenant in 1S07. At the opening of hostili- ties with Great Britain in 1812 he was given command of a fleet of gunboats on the At- lantic coast. At his request he was trans- ferred, a year later, to Lake Ontario, where he served under Commodore Chauncey, and took an active part in the attack on Fort George. He was ordered to fit out a squad- ron on Lake Erie, which he did, building most of his vessels from the forests along the shore, and by the summer of 1 8 1 3 he had a fleet of nine vessels at Presque Isle, now -Erie, Pennsylvania September loth he attacked and captured the British fleet near Put-in-Bay, thus clearing the lake of hostile ships. His famous dispatch is part of his fame, " We have met the enemy, and they are ours." He co-operated with Gen. Har- rison, and the success of the campaign in the northwest was largely due to his victory. The next year he was transferred to the Po- tomac, and assisted in the defense of Balti- more. After the war he was in constant service with the various squadrons in cruising in all parts of the world. He died of yellow fever on the Island of Trinidad, August 23, 1 8 19. His remains were conveyed to New- port, and buried there, and an imposing obelisk was erected to his memory by the State of Rhode Island. A bronze statue was also erected in his honor, the unveiling taking place in 1885. JOHN PAUL JONES, though a native of Scotland, was one of America's most noted fighters during the Revolutionary war. He was born July 6, 1747. His father was a gardener, but the young man soon be- came interested in a seafaring life and at the age of twelve he was apprenticed to a sea captain engaged in the American trade. His first voyage landed him in Virginia, where he had a brother who had settled there several years prior. The failure of the captain released young Jones from his apprenticeship bonds, and he was engaged as third mate of a vessel engaged in the slave trade. He abandoned this trade after a few years, from his own sense of disgrace. He took passage from Jamaica for Scotland in 1768, and on the voyage both the captain and the mate died and he was compelled to take command of the vessel for the re- mainder of the voyage. He soon after became master of the vessel. He returned to Virginia about 1773 to settle up the estate cn.\/r/:.\/)/i wf of biograpii^- oi his brother, and at this time added the name ••Jones," having previously been known as John Paul. He settled down in Vir{(iiiia, but when the war broke out in 1775 ''c offered his services to congress and was ap|x>inted senior lieutenant of the flag- ship ••Alfred," on which he hoisted the American flag with his own hands, the first vessel that had ever carried a flag of the new nation. He was afterward appointed to the command of the ••Alfred," and later of the •• Providence," in each of which ves- sels he did good service, as also in the •• Ranger, ' to tiie command of which he was later appointed. The fight that made him famous, however, was that in which he captured the " Scrapis, ' off the coast of Scotland. He was then in command of the '•Bon Homme Richard," which had been fitted out for him by the French government and named by Jones in honor of Benjamin Franklin, or •'Good Man Richard," Frank- lin being author of the publication known as •• Poor Richard's Almanac." The fight between the •' Richard" and the "Serapis" lasted three hours, all of which time the vessels were at close range, and most of the time in actual contact. Jones' vessel was on fire several times, and early in the en- gagement tsvo of his gunsbiirsted, rendering the battery useless. Also an envious oflicer of the Alliance, one of Jones' own fleet, opened fire upon the ■• Richard " at a crit- ical time, completely disabling the vessel. Jones continued the fight, in spite of coun- sels to surrender, and after dark the •'Ser- apis" struck her colors, and was hastily boarded by Jones and his crew, while the ••Ivichard" sank, bows first, after the wounded had been taken on board the ' ••Serapis." Most of the other vessels of the fleet of which the ••Serapis" was con- voy, surrendered, and were taken with the "Serapis" to France, where Jones was received with greatest honors, and the king presented him with an elegant sword and the cross of the Order of Military Merit. Congress gave him a vote of thanks and made him commander of a new ship, the "America," but the vessel was afterward given to France and Jones never saw active sea service again. He came to America again, in 17S7, after the close of the war. and was voted a gold medal by congress. He went to Russia and was appointed rear-admiral and rendered service of value against the Turks, but on account of personal enmity of the fav- orites of the emperor he was retired on a pen- sion. Failing to collect this, he returned to France, where he died. July 18, 1792. THOMAS MOKAN. the well-known painter of Rocky Mountain scenery, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1837. He came to America when a child, and showing artistic tastes, he was apprenticed to a wood engraver in Philadelphia. Three years later he began landscape painting, and his stj'le soon began to exhibit signs of genius. His first works were water-colors, and though without an instructor he began the use of oils, he soon found it necessary to visit Europe, where he gave particular at- tention to the works of Turner. He joined the Yellowstone Park exploring expedition and visited the Rocky Mountains in 1871 and again in 1873. making numerous sketches of the scenery. The most note- worthy results were his ' • Grand Canon of the Yellowstone." and •• The Chasm of the Colorado." which were purchased by con- gress at $10,000 each, the first of which is undoubtedly the finest landscape painting produced in this country. Mr. Moran h.is subordinated art to nature, and the subjects he has chosen leave little ground for fault LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPlir. 101 finding on that account. "The Mountain of the Holy Cross," "The Groves Were God's First Temples," " The Cliffs of Green River," '• The Children of the Mountain," " The Ripening of the Leaf," and others have given him additional fame, and while they do not equal in grandeur the first mentioned, in many respects from an artis- tic standpoint they are superior. L ELAND STANFORD was one of the greatest men of the Pacific coast and also had a national reputation. He was born March 9. 1S24, in Albany county, New York, and passed his early life on his father's farm. He attended the local schools of the county and at the age of twenty began the study of law. He entered the law office of Wheaton, Doolittle and Hadley, at Albany, in 1845, and a few years later he moved to Port Washington, Wisconsin, where he practiced law four years with moderate success. In 1S52 Mr. Stanford determined to push further west, and, accordingly went to California, where three of his brothers were established in business in the mining towns. The\- took Leland into partnership, giving him charge of a branch store at Michigan Bluff, in Placer county. There he developed great business ability and four years later started a mercantile house of his own in San Fran- cisco, which soon became one of the most substantial houses on the coast. On the formation of the Republican party he inter- ested himself in politics, and in i860 was sent as a delegate to the convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln. In the autumn of 1861 he was elected, by an im- mense majority, governor of California. Prior to his election as governor he had been chosen president of the newly-orga- n!2ed Central Pacific Railroad Company, and after leaving the executive chair he de- voted all of his time to the construction of the Pacific end of the transcontinental rail- way. May 10, 1869, Mr. Stanford drove the last spike of the Central Pacific road, thus completing the route across the conti- nent. He was also president of the Occi- dental and Oriental Steamship Company. He had but one son, who died of typhoid fever, and as a monument to his child he founded the university which bears his son's name, Leland Stanford, Junior, University. Mr. Stanford gave to this university eighty- three thousand acres of land, the estimated value of which is $8,000,000, and the entire endowment is $20,000,000. In 18S5 Mr. Stanford was elected United States senator as a Republican, to succeed J. T. Farley, a Democrat, and was re-elected in 1891. His death occurred June 20, 1894, at Palo Alto, California. STEPHEN DECATUR, a famous com- modore in the United States navy, was born in Maryland in 1779. He entered the naval service in 1798. In 1804, when the American vessel Philadelphia had been run aground and captured in the harbor of Trip- oli, Decatur, at the head of a few men, boarded her and burned her in the face of the guns from the city defenses. For this daring deed he was made captain. He was given command of the frigate United States at the breaking out of the war of 1S12, and in October of that year he captured the British frigate Macedonian, and was re- warded with a gold medal by congress. Af- ter the close of the war he was sent as com- mander of a fleet of ten vessels to chastise the dey of Algiers, who was preying upon .American commerce with impunity and de- manding tribute and ransom for the release of American citizens captured. Decatur 102 COMrEXDILM OF lUOGIiAl'nr captured a number of Algerian vessels, and compelled the dey to sue for peace. He was noted for his daring and intrepidity, and his coolness in the face of danger, and helped to bring the United States navy into favor with the people and congress as a means of defense and offense in time of war. He was killed in a duel by Commo- dore Barron, March 12, 1820. JAMES KNOX POLK, the eleventh president of the United States, 1845 to 1849, was born November 2, 1795, in Meck- lenburg county. North Carolina, and was the eldest child of a family of si.x sons. He removed with his father to the Valley of the Duck River, in Tennessee, in 1806. He attended the common schools and became very proficient in the lower branches of education, and supplemented this with a course in the Murfreesboro Academy, which he entered in 18 13 and in the autumn of 181 5 he became a student in the sopho- more class of the University of North Caro- lina, at Chapel Hill, and was graduated in 1818. He then spent a short time in re- cuperating his health and then proceeded to Nashville, Tennessee, where he took up the study of law in the office of Feli.x Grundy. After the completion of his law studies he was admitted to the bar and removed to Columbia, Maury county, Tennessee, and started in the active practice of his profes- sion. Mr. Polk was a Jeffersonian " Re- publican " and in 1823 he was elected to the legislature of Tennessee. He was a strict constructionist and did not believe that the general government had the power to carry on internal improvements in the states, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wanted the constitution amended to that effect. But later on he became alarmed lest the general government might become strong enough to abolish slavery and therefore gave his whole support to the " State's Rights" movement, and endeavored to check the centralization of power in the general government. Mr. Polk was chosen a member of congress in 1825, and held that office until 1839. He then withdrew, as he was the successful gubernatorial candidate of his state. He had become a man of great influence in the house, and, as the leader of the Jackson party in that body, weilded great influence in the election of General Jackson to the presidency. He sustained the president in all his measures and still remained in the house after Gen- eral Jackson had been succeeded by Martin Van Buren. He was speaker of the house during five sessions of congress. He was elected governor of Tennessee by a large majority and took the oath of office at Nash- ville, October 4, 1S39. He was a candidate for re-election but was defeated by Governor Jones, the Whig candidate. In 1844 the most prominent question in the election was the annexation of Te.xas, and as Mr. Polk was the avowed champion of this cause he was nominated for president by the pro- slavery wing of the democratic party, was elected by a large majority, and was inaug- urated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed a very able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, Will- iam L. Marcy, George liancroft. Cave John- son, and John Y. Mason. The dispute re- garding the Oregon boundary was settled during his term of office and a new dejiart- ment was added to the list of cabinet po- sitions, that of the Interior. The low tariff bill of 1846 was carried and the financial system of the country was reorganized. It was also during President Polk's term that the Mexican war was successfully conducted, which resulted in the acquisition of Califor- COMrEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPIir. 108 nia and New Mexico. Mr. Polk retired from the presidency March 4, 1849, after having declined a re-nomination, and was succeeded by General Zachary Taylor, the hero of the Mexican war. Mr. Polk retired to private life, to his home in Nashville, where he died at the age of fifty-four on June 9, 1849. ANN.\ DICKINSON (Anna Elizabeth Dickinson), a noted lecturer and pub- lic speaker, was born at Philadelphia, Oc- tober 28, 1842. Her parents were Quakers, and she was educated at the Friends' free schools in her native city. She early man- ifested an inclination toward elocution and public speaking, and when, at the age of 18, she found an opportunity to appear before a national assemblage for the discussion of woman's rights, she at once established her reputation as a public speaker. From i860 to the close of the war and during the ex- citing period of reconstruction, she was one of the most noted and influential speakers before the American public, and her popu- larit}' was unequaled by that of any of her sex. A few weeks after the defeat and death of Colonel Baker at Ball's Bluff, Anna Dickinson, lecturing in New York, made the remarkable assertion, " Not the incom- petency of Colonel Baker, but the treacher}' of General McClellan caused the disaster at Ball's Bluff." She was hissed and hooted ofi the stage. A year later, at the same hall and with much the same class of audi- tors, she repeated the identical words, and the applause was so great and so long con- tinued that it was impossible to go on with her lecture for more than half an hour. The change of sentiment had been wrought by the reverses and dismissal of McClellan and his ambition to succeed Mr. Lincoln as presi- dent. Ten years after the close of the war, Anna Dickinson was not beard of on the lec- ture platform, and about that time she made an attempt to enter the dramatic profession, but after appearing a number of times in dif- ferent plays she was pronounced a failure. ROBERT J. BURDETTE.— Some per- sonal characteristics of Mr. Burdette were quaintly given by himself in the follow- ing words: •• Politics.' Republican after the strictest sect. Religion .' Baptist. Per- sonal appearance .' Below medium height, and weigh one hundred and thirty-five pounds, no shillings and no pence. Rich } Not enough to own a yacht. Favorite read- ing.' Poetry and history — know Longfellow by heart, almost. Write for magizines .' Have mo.-e ' declined with thanks ' letters than would fill a trunk. Never able to get into a magazine with a line. Care about it.' Mad as thunder. Think about starting a magazine and rejecting everbody's articles except my own." Mr. Burdette was born at Greensborough, Pennsylvania, in 1844. He served through the war of the rebellion under General Banks "on an excursion ticket" as he felicitously described it, "good both ways, conquering in one direction and running in the other, pay going on just the same." He entered into journalism by the gateway of New York correspondence for the "Peoria Transcript," and in 1S74 went on the "Burlington Hawkeye " of which he became the managing editor, and the work that he did on this paper made both him- self and the paper famous in the world of humor. Mr. Burdette married in 1870, and his wife, whom he called " Her Little Serene Highness," was to him a guiding light until the day of her death, and it was probably the unconscious pathos with which he described her in his work that broke the barriers that had kept him out of the maga- l»l co.\/p/-:\/)/r.y/ of jiiocfiArnr. zines and secured him the acceptance of his "Confessions" by Lippincott some years ago, and brought him substantial fame and recognition in the literary world. WILLIAM DLAN HOWELLS. one of the leading novelists of the present century and author of a number of works that gained for him a place in the hearts of the people, was born March i, 1837, at Martinsville, Belmont county, Ohio. At the age of three years he accompanied his father, who was a printer, to Hamilton, Ohio, where he learned the printer's trade. Later he was engaged on the editorial staff of the "Cincinnati Gazette " and the " Ohio State Journal." During 1861-65 he was the United States consul at Venice, and from 1 87 1 to 1S78 he was the editor-in- chief of the "Atlantic Monthly." As a writer he became one of the most fertile and readable of authors and a pleasing poet. In 18S5 he became connected with " Har- per's Magazine. " Mr. Howells was author of the list of books that we give below: "Venetian Life," " Italian Journeys, " "No Love Lost," " Suburban Sketches," "Their Wedding Journey," "A Chance Acquaint- ance," "A Foregone Conclusion," "Dr. Breen's Practice," "A Modern Instance," "The Rise of Silas Lapham," "Tuscan Cities," "Indian Summer," besides many others. He also wrote the " Poem of Two Friends," with J. J. Piatt in i860, and some minor dramas: "The Drawing Room Car," "The Sleeping Car," etc., that are full of exqusite humor and elegant dialogue. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL was a son of the Rev. Charles Lowell, and was born at Catnbridge, Massachusetts, February 22, 1819. He graduated at Harvard College in 1838 as class poet, and went to Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated in 1840, and commenced the practice of his profession in Boston, but soon gave his un- divided attention to literary labors. Mr. Lowell printed, in 1841, a small volume of poems entitled " A Year's Life," edited with Robert Carter; in 1843, " The Pioneer, " a literary and critical magazine (monthly), and in 1848 another book of poems, that con- tained several directed against slavery. He published in 1844 a volume of "Poems" and in 1845 "Conversations on Some of the Old Poets," "The Vision of Sir Launfal," "A Fable for Critics, " and "The Bigelow Papers," the latter satirical es- says in dialect poetry directed against slavery and the war with Mexico. In 1851-52 he traveled in Europe and re- sided in Italy for a considerable time, and delivered in 1854-55 a course of lectures on the British poets, before the Lowell Insti- tute, Boston. Mr. Lowell succeeded Long- fellow in January, 1855, as professor of modern languages and literature at Harvard College, and spent another year in Em ope qualifying himself for that post. He edited the " Atlantic Monthly " from 1857 to 1862, and the "North American Review ' from 1863 until 1872. From 1864 to 1870 he published the following works: " Fireside Travels," "Under the Willows," "The Commemoration Ode," in honor of the alumni of Harvard who had fallen in the Civil war; "The Cathedral," two volumes of essays; "Among My Books" and " My Study Windows," and in 1867 he published a new series of the " Bigelow Papers." He traveled extensively in Europe in 1872-74, and received in person the degree of I). C. L. at Oxford and that of LL. D. at the University of Cambridge, England. He was also interested in political life and held COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAP IIT. 105 many important offices. He was United States minister to Spain in 1877 and was also minister to England in 1880-85. On January 2, 1884, he was elected lord rector of St. Andrew University in Glasgow, Scot- land, but soon after he resigned the same. Mr. Lowell's works enjoy great popularity in the United States and England. He died .August 12, 1S91. JOSEPH HENRY, one of America's greatest scientists, was born at Albany, New York, December 17, 1797. He was educated in the common schools of the city and graduated from the Albany Academy, where he became a professor of mathemat- ics in 1826. In 1827 he commenced a course of investigation, which he continued for a number of years, and the results pro- duced had great effect on the scientific world. The first success was achieved by producing the electric magnet, and he next proved the possibility of exciting magnetic energy at a distance, and it was the invention of Pro- fessor Henry's intensity magnet that first made the invention of electric telegraph a possibility. He made a statement regarding the practicability of applying the intensity magnet to telegraphic uses, in his article to the ' '.American Journal of Science " in 1 83 1 . During the same jear he produced the first mechanical contrivance ever invented for maintaining continuous motion by means of electro-magnetism, and he also contrived a machine by which signals could be made at a distance by the use of his electro-magnet, the signals being produced by a lever strik- ing on a bell. Some of his electro-magnets were of great power, one carried over a ton and another not less than three thousand six hundred pounds. In 1832 he discovered tliat secondary currents could be produced ■- ^ long conductor by the induction of the primary current upon itself, and also in the same year he produced a spark by means of a purely magnetic induction. Professor Henry was elected, in 1832, professor of nat- ural philosophy in the College of New Jer- sey, and in his earliest lectures at Princeton, demonstrated the feasibility of the electric telegraph. He visited Europe in 1837, and while there he had an interview with Pro- fessor Wheatstone, the inventor of the needle magnetic telegraph. In 1846 he was elected secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, being the first incumbent in that office, which he held until his death. Professor Henry was elected president of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1849, and of the National Academy of Sciences. He was made chair- man of the lighthouse board of the United States in 1871 and held that position up to the time of his death. He received the honorary degree of doctor of laws from Union College in 1829, and from Harvard University in 185 i, and his death occurred May 13, 1878. Among his numerous works may be mentioned the following: "Contri- butions to Electricity and Magnetism," "American Philosophic Trans, " and many articles in the "American Journal of Science," the journal of the Franklin Insti- tute; the proceedings of the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science, and in the annual reports of the Smith- sonian Institution from its foundation. FRANKLIN BUCHANAN, the famous rear-admiral of the Confederate navy I during the rebellion, was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He became a United States midshipman in 18 15 and was promoted I through the various grades of the service and became a captain in 1855. Mr. Buch- j anan resigned his captaincy in order to join 106 coMi'F.xDirM ('/•' luoGiiArnr. the Confederate service in i86i and later he asked to be reinstated, but his request was refused and he then entered into the service of the Confederate government. He was placed in command of the frigate '• Merri- mac " after she had been fitted up as an iron- clad, and had command of her at the time of the battle of Hampton Roids. It was be who had command when the " Merri- mac" sunk the two wooden frigates, "Con- gress" and "Cumberland." and was also in command during part of the historical battle of the '• Merrimac " and the "Moni- tor," where he was wounded and the com- mand devolved upon Lieutenant Catesby Jones. He was created rear-admiral in the Confederate service and commanded the Confederate fleet in Mobile bay, which was defeated by Admiral Farragut. August 5. 1864. Mr. Buchanan was in command of the "Tennessee." an ironclad, and during the engagement he lost one of his legs and was taken prisoner in the end by the Union fleet. After the war he settled in Talbot county, Maryland, where he died May 1 1 . 1874- RICHARD PARKS BLAND, a celebrated American statesman, frequently called "the father of the house." because of his many years of service in the lower house of congress, was born August 19, 1835, near Hartford, Kentucky, where he received a plain academic education. He moved, in 1855, to Missouri, from whence he went overland to California, afterward locating in Virginia City, now in the state of Nevada, but then part of the territory of Utah. While there he practiced law, dabbled in mines and mining in Nevada and California for several years, and served for a time as treasurer of Carson county, Nevada. Mr. Bland returned to Missouri in 1865, where he engaged in the practice ot law at Rolla, ' Missouri, and in 1869 removed to Lebanon, Missouri. He began his congressional career in 1873, when he was elected as a Demo- crat to the forty-third congress, and he was regularly re-elected to every congress after that time up to the fifty-fourth, when he was defeated for re-election, but was returned to the fifty-fifth congress as a Silver Demo- crat. During all his protracted service, while Mr. Bland was alwajs steadfast in his support of democratic measures, yet he won his special renown as the great advocate cf 1 silver, being strongly in favor of the free and unlimited coinage of silver, and on ac- count of his pronounced views was one of the candidates for the presidential nomina- tion of the Democratic party at Chicago in 1 S96. FANNY DAVENPORT (F. L. G. Daven- port) was of British birth, but she be- longs to the American stage. She was the daughter of the famous actor, E. L. Daven- port, and was born in London in 1S50. She first went on the stage as a child at the ' Howard Athenaum, Boston, and her entire life was spent upon the stage. She played children's parts at Burton's old theater in Chambers street, and then, in 1862, appeared as the King of Spain in " Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady. " Here she attracted the notice of Augustin Daly, the noted mana- ger, then at the Fifth Avenue theater, who offered her a six weeks' engagement with her father in "London Assurance." She afterwards appeared at the same house in a variety of characters, and her versatility was favorably noticed by the critics. After the burning of the old Fifth .Avenue, the present theater of that name was built at Twenty-eighth street, and here Miss Daven- port appeared in a play written for her by coMP j:\ni LM (>/■• juoGRAi'in: 107 Mr. Daly. She scored a great success. She then starred in this play throufjhout the country, and was married to Mr. Edwin F. Price, an actor of her company, in iSSo. In 1882 she went to Paris and purchased the right to produce in America Sardou's great emotional play, "Fedora." It was put on at the Fourteenth Street theater in New York, and in it she won popular favor and became one of the most famous actresses of her time. HORACE BRIGHAM CLAFLIN, one of the greatest merchants America has produced, was born in Milford, Massachu- setts, a son of John Clafiin, also a mer- chant. Young Clailin started his active life as a clerk in his father's store, after having been offered the opportunity of a college education, but with the characteristic promptness that was one of his virtues he exclaimed, "No law or medicine for me." He had set his heart on being a merchant, and when his father retired he and his brother Aaron, and his brother-in-law, Sam- uel Daniels, conducted the business. Mr. Claflin was not content, however, to run a store in a town like Milford, and accordingly opened a dry goods store at Worcester, with his brother as a partner, but the partnership was dissolved a year later and H. B. Claflin assumed complete control. Tiie business in Worcester had been conducted on ortho- dox principles, and when Mr. Claflin came there and introduced advertising as a means of drawing trade, he created considerable animosity among the older merchants. Ten years later he was one of the most prosper- ous merchants. He disposed of his busi- ness in Worcester for $30,000, and went to New York to search for a wider field than that of a shopkeeper. Mr. Claflin and William M. Bulkley started in the dry goods business there under the firm name of Bulk- ley & Claflin, in 1843, and Mr. Bulkley was connected with the firm until 185 i, when he retired. A new firm was then formed under the name of Claflin, Mcllin & Co. This firm succeeded in founding the largest dry goods house in the world, and after weather- ing the dangers of the civil war, during which the house came very near going un- der, and was saved only by the superior business abilities of Mr. Claflin, continued to grow. The sales of the firm amounted to over $72,000,000 a year after the close of the war. Mr. Claflin died November 14, 1885. CHARLOTTE CUSHMAN (Charlotte Saunders Cushman), one of the most celebrated American actresses, was born in Boston, July 23, 1816. She was descended from one of the earliest Puritan families. Her first attempt at stage work was at the age of fourteen years in a charitable concert given by amateurs in Boston. From this time her advance to the first place on the American lyric stage was steady, until, in 1835, while singing in New Orleans, she suddenly lost control of her voice so far as relates to singing, and was compelled to re- tire. She then took up the study for the dramatic stage under the direction of Mr. Barton, the tragedian. She soon after made her debut as " Lady Macbeth." She appeared in New York in September, 1836, and her success was immediate. Her "Romeo" was almost perfect, and she is the only woman that has ever appeared in the part of "Cardinal Wolsey." She at different times acted as support of Forrest and Macready. Her London engagement, secured in 1845, after many and great dis- couragements, proved an unqualilied suc- cess. 108 COMPENDIUM OF BIOl.RM' lir. Her farewell appearance was at Booth's theater. New York, November 7, 1874, in the part of " Lady Macbeth, " and after that performance an Ode by K. H. Stoddard was read, and a body of citizens went upon the stage, and in their name the venerable poet Longfellow presented her with a wreath of laurel with an inscription to the effect that "'she who merits the palm should bear it." From the time of her appearance as a modest girl in a charitable entertainment down to the time of final triumph as a tragic queen, she bore herself with as much honor to womanhood as to the profession she rep- resented. Her death occurred in Boston, February 18, 1876. By her profession she acquired a fortune of $600,000. NEAL DOW, one of the most prominent temperance reformers our country has 1 known,wasborn in Portland, Me., March 20, 1804. He received his education in the Friends Seminary, at New Bedford, Massa- chusetts, his parents being members of that sect. After leaving school he pursued a mecrantile and manufacturing career for a number of years. He was active in the affairs of his native city, and in 1839 be- came chief of the fire department, and in 1 85 1 was elected mayor. He was re-elected to the latter office in 1854. Being opposed to the liquor traffic he was a champion of the project of prohibition, first brought for- ward in I 839 by James Appleton. While serving his first term as mayor he drafted a bill for the "suppression of drinking houses and tippling sh(jps," which he took to the \ legislature and which was passed without an alteration. In 1858 Mr. Dow was elected lo the legislature. On the outbreak of the Civil war he was appointed colonel of the Tnirteenth Maine Infantry and accompanied General Butler's expedition lo New Orleans. In 1862 he was made brigadier-general. At the battle of Port Hudson May 27, 1863, he was twice wounded, and taken prisoner. He was confined at Libby prison and Mobile nearly a year, when, being exchanged, he resigned, his health having given way under the rigors of his captivity. He made sev- eral trips to England in the interests of temperance organization, where he addressed large audiences. He was the candidate of the National Prohibition party for the presi- dency in 1880, receiving about ten thousand votes. In 1884 he was largely instrumental in the amendment of the constitution of Maine, adopted by an overwhelming popular vote, which forever forbade the manufacture or sale of any intoxicating beverages, and commanding the legislature to enforce the prohibition. He died October 2, 1897. ZACHARY TAYLOR, twelfth president of the United States, was born in Orange county, Virginia. September 24, 1784. His boyhood was spent on his fath- er's plantation and his education was lim- ited. In 1808 he was made lieutenant of the Seventh Infantry, and joined his regi- ment at New Orleans. He was promoted to captain in 18 10, and commanded at Fort Harrison, near the present site of Terre Haute, in 18 12, where, for his gallant de- fense, he was brevetted major, attaining full rank in 18 14. In 181 5 he retired to an es- tate near Louisville. In i8i6 here-entered the army as in;ijor, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and then to coK)nel. Having for many years been Indian agent over a large porion of the western country, he was often required in Washington to give advice and counsel in matters connected with the Indian bireau. He served through the Black Hawk Tndian war of 1832, and in 1837 was ordered to the command of the COM TEND I CM OF BIOGRAPHY. army in Florida, where he attacked the In- dians in the swamps and brakes, defeated them and ended the war. He was brevetted brigadier-general and made commander-in- chief of the army in Florida. He was as- signed to the command of the army of the southwest in 1840, but was soon after re- lieved of it at his request. He was then stationed at posts in Arkansas. In 1845 he was ordered to prepare to protect and de- fend Te.xas boundaries from invasion by Mexicans and Indians. On the annexation of Texas he proceeded with one thousand five hundred men to Corpus Christi, within the disputed territory. After reinforcement he was ordered by the Mexican General Am- pudia to retire beyond the Nueces river, with which order he declined to comply. The battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma followed, and he crossed the Rio Grande and occupied Matamoras May i8th. He was commissioned major-general for this campaign, and in September he advanced upon the city of Monterey and captured it after a hard fight. Here he took up winter quarters, and when he was about to resume activity in the spring he was ordered to send the larger part of his army to reinforce General Scott at Vera Cruz. After leaving garrisons at various points his army was re- duced to about five thousand, mostly fresh recruits. He was attacked by ':he army of Santa Anna at Buena Vista, February 22, 1847, and after a severe fight completely routed the Mexicans. He received the thanks of congress and a gold medal for this victory. He remained in command of the " army of occupation " until winter, when he returned to the United States. In 1848 General Taylor was nominated by the Whigs for president. He was elected over his two opponents, Cass and Van Buren. Great bitterness was developing in the struggle for and against the extension of slavery, and the newly acquired territory in the west, and the fact that the states were now equally divided on that question, tended to increase the feeling. President Taylor favored immediate admission of California with her constitution prohibiting slavery, and the admission of other states to be formed out of the new territory as they might elect as they adopted constitutions from time to time. This policy resulted in the " Omnibus Bill,"' which afterward passed congress, though in separate bills; not, how- ever, until after the death of the soldier- statesman, which occurred July 9, 1850. One of his daughters became the wife of Jeflerson Davis. MELVILLE D. LANDON, better known as " Eli Perkins, " author, lecturer and humorist, was born in Eaton, New York, September 7, 1839. He was the son of John Landon and grandson of Rufus Lan- don, a revolutionary soldier from Litchfield county, Connecticut. Melville was edu- cated at the district school and neighboring academy, where he was prepared for the sophomore class at Madison University. He passed two years at the latter, when he was admitted to Union College, and graduated in the class of 1861, receiving the degree of A. M., in 1862. He was, at once, ap- pointed to a position in the treasury depart- ment at Washington. This being about the time of the breaking out of the war. and before the appearance of any Union troops at the capital, he assisted in the organiza- tion of the " Clay Battalion, " of Washing- ton. Leaving his clerkship some time later, he took up duties on the staff of General A. L. Chetlain, who was in command at Mem- phis. In 1864 he resigned from the army and engaged in cotton planting in Arkansas 110 COMJ'hyDIL M OF JilOGfiA/'J/y. and Louisiana. In 1867 he went abroad, making tlielour of Euro|>e, traversing Rus- sia. Wliile in the latter country his old commander of the " Clay Battalion," Gen- eral Cassius M. Clay, then United States minister at St. Petersburg, made him secre- 1 tary of legation. In 1871, on returning to America, he published a history of the Franco-Prussian war, and followed it with numerous humorous writings for the public press under the name of "Eli Perkins," which, with his regular contributions to the " Commercial Advertiser," brought him into notice, and spread his reputation as a hu- morist throughout the country. He also pub- lished "Saratoga in 1891," "Wit, Humor and Pathos," ' ■ Wit and Humor of the Age," •' Kings of Platform and Pulpit, "" Thirty Years of Wit and Humor," " Fun and Fact," and "China and Japan." LEWIS CASS, one of the most prom- inent statesman and party leaders of his day, was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1 782. He studied law, and hav- ing removed toZanesville. Ohio, commenced the practice of that profession in 1802. He entered the service of the American govern- ment in 1812 and was made a colonel in the army under General Williaiii Hull, and on the surrender of Fort Maiden by that officer was held as a prisoner. Being re- leased in 18 1 3, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general and in 1814 ap- pointed governor of Michigan Territory. After he had held that office for some sixteen years, negotiating, in the meantime, many treaties with the Indians, General CaGS was made secretary of war in the cabi- net of President Jackson, in 1831. He was, in 1836, appointed minister to France, which office he held for six years. In 1844 he - as elected United States senator from Michigan. In 1846 General Cass opposed the Wilmot Proviso, which was an amend- ment to a bill for the purchase of land from Mexico, which provided that in any of the territory acquired from that power slavery should not exist. For this and other reasons he was nominated as Democratic candidate for the presidency of the United States in 1848, but was defeated by General Zachary Taylor, the Whig candidate, having but one hundred and thirty-seven electoral votes to his opponent's one hundred and sixty- three. In 1849 General Cass was re-elected to the senate of the United States, and in 1854 supported Douglas" Kansas-Nebraska bill. He became secretary of state in March, 1857, under President Buchanan, but resigned that office in December, i860. He died June 17, 1866. The published works of Lewis Cass, while not numerous, are well written and display much ability. He was one of the foremost men of his day in the political councils of the Democratic party, and left a reputation for high probity and honor behind him. DE WITT CLINTON.— Probably there were but few men who were so popular in their time, or who have had so much in- fluence in moulding events as the individual whose name honors the head of this article. De Witt Clinton was the son of General James Clinton, and a nephew of Governor George Clinton, who was the fourth vice- president of the United States. He was a native of Orange county. New York, born at Little Britain. March 2, 1769. He gradu- ated from Columbia College, in his native state, in 1796, and took up the study of law. In 1790 he became private secretary to his uncle, then governor of New York. He en- tered public life as a Republican or anti- Federalist, and was elected to the lower COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRArHr. Ill house of the state assembly in 1797, and the senate of that body in 1798. At that time he was looked on as " the most rising man in the Union." In iSoi he was elected to the United States senate. In 1803 he was appointed by the governor and council mayor of the city of New York, then a very important and powerful office. Hav- ing been re-appointed, he held the office of mayor for nearly eleven years, and rendered great service to that city. Mr. Clinton served as lieutenant-governor of the state of New York, 1811-13, and was one of the commissioners appointed to examine and survey a route for a canal from the Hudson river to Lake Erie. Dif- fering with President Madison, in relation to the war, in 1812, he was nominated for the presidency against that gentleman, by a coalition party called the Clintonians, many of whom were Federalists. Clinton received eight-nine electoral votes. His course at this time impaired his popularity for a time. He was removed from the mayoralty in 1 8 14, and retired to private life. In 18 15 he wrote a powerful argument for the con- struction of the Erie canal, then a great and beneficent work of which he was the prin- cipal promoter. This was in the shape of a memorial to the legislature, which, in 18 17, passed a bill authorizing the construc- tion of that canal. The same year he was elected governor of New York, almost unani- mously, notwithstanding the opposition of a few who pronounced the scheme of the canal visionary. He was re-elected governor in 1820. He was at this time, also, presi- dent of the canal commissioners. He de- clined a re-election to the gubernatorial chair in 1822 and was removed from his place on the canal board two years later. But he was triumphantly elected to the of- fice of governor that fall, and his pet project. the Erie canal, was finished the ne.xt year. He was re-elected governor in 1826, but died while holding that office, February 11, 1828. AARON BURR, one of the many briliianl figures on the political stage in the early days of America, was born at Newark, New Jersey, February 6, 1756. He was the son of Aaron and Esther Burr, the former the president of the College of New Jersey, and the latter a daughter of Jonathan Edwards, who had been president of the same educa- tional institution. Young Burr graduated at Princeton in 1772. In 1775 he joined the provincial army at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. For a time, he served as a private soldier, but later was made an aide on the staff of the unfortunate General Montgom- ery, in the Quebec expedition. Subse- quently he was on the staffs of Arnold, Put- nam and Washington, the latter of whom he disliked. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and commanded a brigade on Monmouth's bloody field. In 1779, on account of feeble health. Colonel Burr resigned from the army. He took up the practice of law in Albany, New York, but subsequently removed to New York City. In 1789 he became attorney-general of that state. In 1791 he was chosen to represent the state of New York in the United States senate and held that position for si.\ years. In 1800 he and Thomas Jefferson were both candidates for the presidency, and there being a tie in the electoral college, each having seventy-three votes, the choice was left to congress, who gave the first place to Jefferson and made Aaron Burr vice-presi- dent, as the metiiod then was. In 1S04 Mr. Burr and his great rival, Ale.xander Hamil- ton, met in a duel, which resulted in the death of the latter. Burr losing thereby con- 112 COMPE.WDJUM OF JilOGJiAJ'Jir. siderable political and social influence. He soon embarked in a wild attempt upon Mexico, and as was asserted, upon the southwestern territories of the United States. He was tried for treason at Richmond, Virginia, in 1807, but acquitted, and to avoid importunate creditors, fled to Europe. After a time, in 1812, he returned to New York, where he practiced law, and where he died, September 14, 1836. A man of great ability, brilliant and popular talents, his influence was destroyed by his unscrupu- lous political actions and immoral private life. ALBERT GALLATIN, one of the most distinguished statesmen of the early days of the republic, was born at Geneva, Switzerland, January 29, 1761. He was the son of Jean de Gallatin and Sophia A. Roiaz du Rosey Gallatin, representatives of an old patrician family. Albert Gallatin was left an orphan at an early age, and was educated under the care of friends of his parents. He graduated from the University of Geneva in 1779, and declining employ- ment under one of the sovereigns of Ger- many, came to the struggling colonies, land- ing in Boston July 14, 1780. Shortly after his arrival he proceeded to Maine, where he served as a volunteer uiuler Colonel Allen. He made advances to the government for the support of the American troops, and in November, 1780, was placed in command of a small fort at Passaniaquoddy, defended by a force of militia, volunteers and Indians. In 1783 he was professor of the French language at Harvard University. A year later, having received his patrimony from Europe, he purchased large tracts of land in western Virginia, but was prevented by the Indians from forming the large settle- ment he proposed, and, in 17S6. purchased a farm in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. In 1789 he was a member of the convention to amend the constitution of that state, and united himself with the Republican party, the head of which was Thomas Jefferson. The following year he was elected to the legislature of Pennsylvania, to which he was subsequently re-elected. In 1793 he was elected to the United States senate, but could not take his seat on account of not having been a citizen long enough. In 1794 Mr. Gallatin was elected to the representa- tive branch of congress, in which he served three terms. He also took an important position in the suppression of the "whiskey insurrection." In 1801, on the accession of Jefferson to the presidency, Mr. Gallatin was appointed secretarj' of the treasury. In 1809 Mr. Madison offered him the posi- tion of secretary of state, but he declined, I and continued at the head of the treasury ' until 1812, a period of twelve years. He exercised a great influence on the other de- partments and in the general administration, especially in the matter of financial reform, ' and recommended measures for taxation, etc.. which were passed by congress, and be- came laws May 24, 181 3. The same year he was sent as an envoy extraordinary to Rus- sia, which had offered to mediate between this country and Great Britain, but the lat- ter country refusing the interposition of another power, and agreeing to treat di- rectly with the United States, in 1S14. at Ghent, Mr. Gallatin, in connection with his distinguished colleagues, negotiated and signed the treaty peace. In iSi; conjunction with Messrs. Adams and Clay, he signed, at London, a commercial treaty between the two countries. In 18 16. de- clining his old post at the head of the treas- ury. Mr. Gallatin was sent as minister to France, wli. re lie remained until 1S23. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAP HY. 118 After a year spent in England as envoy ex- traordinary, he took up his residence in New York, and (rom that time held no pubhc office. In 1830 he was chosen president of the council of the University of New York. He was, in 1831, made president of the National bank, which position he resigned in 1839. He died August 12, 1849. MILLARD FILLMORE, the thirteenth president of the United States, was born of New England parentage in Summer Hill, Cayuga county. New York, January 7, 1800. His school education was very lim- ited, but he occupied his leisure hours in study. He worked in youth upon his fa- ther's farm in his native county, and at the age of fifteen was apprenticed to a wool carder and cloth dresser. Four years later he was induced by Judge Wood to enter his office at MontviJle, New York, and take up the study of law. This warm friend, find- ing young Fillmore destitute of means, loaned him money, but the latter, not wish- ing to incur a heavj' debt, taught school during part of the time and in this and other ways helped maintain himself. In 1822 he removed to Buffalo, New York, and the year following, being admitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of his profession at East Aurora, in the same state. Here he remained until 1830, having, in the meantime, been admitted to practice in the supreme court, when he returned to Buffalo, where he became the partner of S. G. Haven and N. K. Hall. He entered poli- tics and served in the state legislature from 1829 to 1832. He was in congress in 1833- 35 and in 1837-41, where he proved an active and useful member, favoring the views of John Quincy Adams, then battling almost alone the slave-holding party in na- tional politics, and in most 01 public ques- tions acted with the Whig party. While chairman of the committee of ways and means he took a leading part in draughting the tariff bill of 1842. In 1844 Mr. Fill- more was the Whig "candidate for governor of New York. In 1847 he was chosen comptroller of the state, and abandoning his practice and profession removed to Al- bany. In 1848 he was elected vice presi- dent on the ticket with General Zachary Taylor, and they were inaugurated the fol- lowing March. On the death of the presi- dent, July 9, 1850, Mr. Fillmore was in- ducted into that office. The great events of his administration were the passage of the famous compromise acts of 1850, and the sending out of the Japan expedition of 1852. March 4, 1853, having served one term, President Fillmore retired from office, and in 1855 went to Europe, where he received marked attention. On returning home, in 1856, he was nominated for the presidency by the Native American or "Know-Noth- ing" party, but was defeated, James Buch- anan being the successful candidate. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in re- tirement. During the conflict of Civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally sup- posed, however, that his sympathy was with the southern confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words o! cheer to the one party or the other. For this rea- son he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874- PETER F. ROTHERMEL, one of Amer- ica's greatest and best-known historical painters, was born in Luzerne county, Penn- sylvania, July 8, 1817, and was of German ancestry. He received his earlier education in his native county, and in Philadelphia 114 COMrE\DILM OF lilOGIiAl'Ur. learned the profession of land surveying. But a strong bias toward art drew him away and he soon opened a studio where he did portrait painting. This soon gave place to historical painting, he having discovered the bent of his genius in that direction. Be- sides the two pictures in the Capitol at Washington — "DeSoto Discovering the Mis- sissippi" and "Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses" — Rothermel painted many others, chief among which are: "Columbus Before Queen Isabella," "Martyrs of the Colosseum." "Cromwell Breaking Up Service in an English Church." and the famous picture of the "Battle of Gettysburg." The last named was painted for the state of Pennsylvania, for which Rothermel received the sum of $25,- 000, and which it took him four years to plan and to paint. It represents the portion of that historic field held by the First corps, an e.xclusively Pennsylvania body of men, and was selected by Rothermel for that reason. For many years most of his time was spent in Italy, only returning for short periods. He died at Philadelphia, August 16. 1895. EDMUND KIRBY SMITH, one of the distinguished leaders upon the side of the south in the late Civil war, was born at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1824. After receiv- ing the usual education he was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1845 and entered the army as second lieutenant of infantry. During the Mexican war he was made first lieutenant and captain for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo and Contreras. From 1849 to 1852 he was assistant pro- fessor of mathematics at West Point. He was transferred to the Second cavalry with the rank of captain in 1855, served on the frontier, and was wounded in a fight with Comanche Indians in Texas. May 13. 1859. In January, 1861, he became major of his regiment, but resigned April 9th to fol- low the fortunes of the southern cause. He was appointed brigadier-general in the Confederate army and served in Virginia. At the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, he arrived on the field late in the day, but was soon disabled by a wound. He was made major-general in 1862, and being trans- ferred to East Tennessee, was given com- mand of that department. Under General Braxton Bragg he led the advance in the invasion of Kentucky and defeated the Union forces at Richmond. Kentucky, August 30, 1862, and advanced to Frankfort. Pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general, he was engaged at the battle of Perryville, October 10, and in the battle of .Murfrees- boro, December 31, 1862, and January 3. 1863. He was soon made general, the highest rank in the service, and in com- mand of the trans-Mississippi department opposed General N. P. Banks in the famous Red River expedition, taking part in the battle of Jenkins Ferry, April 30, 1864, and other engagements of that eventful cam- paign. He was the last to surrender the forces under his command, which he did May 26, 1865. After the close of the war he located in Tennessee, where he died March 28, 1893. JOHN JAMES INGALLS, a famous American statesman, was born Decem- ber 29. 1833, at Middleton. Massachusetts, where he was reared and received his early education. He went to Kansas in 1858 and joined the free-soil army, and a year after his arrival he was a member of the iiis- I torical Wyandotte convention, which drafted i a free-state constitution. In i86o he was COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPI/r. I'JS made secretary of the territorial council, and in 1861 was secretary of the state sen- ate. The next j-ear he was duly elected to the legitimate state senate from Atchison, where he had made his home. From that time he was the leader of the radical Re- publican element in the state. He became the editor of the " Atchison Champion " in 1S63, which was a "red-hot free-soil Re- publican organ." In 1862 he was the anti- Lane candidate for lieutenant-governor, but was defeated. He was elected to the Unit- ed States senate to succeed Senator Pom- eroy, and took his seat in the forty-third congress and served until the fiftieth. In the forty-ninth congress he succeeded Sen- ator Sherman as president pro tern., which position he held through the. fiftieth con- gress. BENJAMIN WEST, the greatest of the early American painters, was of Eng- lish descent and Quaker parentage. He was bom in Springfield, Pennsylvania, in 1738. From what source he inherited his genius it is hard to imagine, since the tenets and tendencies of the Quaker faith were not cal- culated to encourage the genius of art, but at the age of nine years, with no suggestion except that of inspiration, we find him choos- ing his model from life, and laboring over his first work calculated to attract public notice. It was a representation of a sleep- ing child in its cradle. The brush with which he painted it was made of hairs which he plucked from the cat's tail, and the colors were obtained from the war paints of friendly Indians, his mother's indigo bag, and ground chalk and charcoal, and the juice of berries, but there were touches in the rude production that he declared in later days were a credit to his best works. The pic- ture attracted notice, for a council was called at once to pass upon the boy's con- duct in thus infringing the laws of the so- ciety. There were judges among them who saw in his genius a rare gift and their wis- dom prevailed, and the child was given per- mission to follow his inclination. He studied under a painter named Williams, and then spent some years as a portrait painter with advancing success. At the age of twenty- j two he went to Italy, and not until he had ' perfected himself by twenty-three years of labor in that paradise of art was he satisfied to turn his face toward home. However, he stopped at London, and decided to settle there, sending to America for his intended bride to join him. Though the Revolution- I ary war was raging. King George III showed the American artist the highest considera- tion and regard. His remuneration from works for royalty amounted to five thou- sand dollars per year for thirty years. West's best known work in America is, perhaps, "The Death of General Wolf." I West was one of the thirty-six original mem- bers of the Royal academy and succeeded Joshua Reynolds as president, which posi- I tion he held until his death. His early works were his best, as he ceased to display originality in his later life, conventionality having seriousl)' affected his efforts. He died in 1820. SAMUEL PORTER JONES, the famous Georgia evangelist, was born October 16, 1847, in Chambers county, Alabama. He did not attend school regularly during his boyhood, but worked on a farm, and went to school at intervals, on account of ill health. His father removed to Carters- ville, Georgia, when Mr. Jones was a small boy. He quit school at the age of nineteen and never attended college. The war inter- fered with his education, which was intended 116 COM/'EXDJl M UF B/OGJiAPJ/i: to prepare him (or the legal profession. After the war he renewed his preparation for college, but was compelled to desist from such a course, as his health failed him en- tirely. Later on, however, he still pursued his legal studies and was admitted to the bar. Soon after this event he went to Dal- las, Paulding county, Georgia, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession, and in a few months removed to Cherokee county, Alabama, where he taught school. In 1869 he returned toCartersville, Georgia, and arrived in time to see his father die. Immediately after this event he applied for a license to preach, and went to Atlanta, Georgia, to the meeting of the North Geor- gia Conference of the M. E. church south, which received him on trial. He became an evangelist of great note, and traveled extensively, delivering his sermons in an inimitable style that made him very popular with the masses, his methods of conducting revivals being unique and original and his preaching practical and incisive. the newly formed Republican party and in i860 was re-elected to the legislature of his state, in which he was chosen speaker of the house. In 186:: President Lincoln appoint- ed a commission to pass upon and examine the accounts of the United States quarter- masters and disbursing officers, composed as follows: Shelby M. Cullom, of Illinois; Charles A. Dana, of New York, and Gov. Boutwell. of Massachusetts. Mr. Cullom was nominated for congress in 1864, and was elected by a majority of 1,785. In the house of representatives he became an active and aggressive member, was chairman of the committee on territories I and served in congress until 1868. Mr. ! Cullom was returned to the state legislature, of which he was chosen speaker in 1872, and was re-elected in 1874. In 1876 he was elected governor of Illinois and at the end of his term he was chosen for a second term. He was elected United States senator in 1883 and twice re-elected. SHELBY MOORE CULLOM. a national character in political afiairs and for many years United States senator from Illinois, was born November 22, 1829, at Monticello, Kentucky. He came with his parents to Illinois in 1 830 and spent his early yearson a farm, but having formed the purpose of devoting himself to the l.iwyer's profession he spent two years study at the Rock River seminary at Mount Morris. Illinois. In 1853 Mr. Cullom entered the law office of Stuart and f-dwards at Springfield, Illinois, and two years later he began the independent prac- tice of law in that city. He took an active interest in politics and was soon elected city attorney of Springfield. In 1856 he was elected a member of the Illinois house of representatives. He identified himself with RICHARD JORDAN CATLING, an American inventor of much note, was born in Hertford county, North Carolina, September 12, 1818. At an early age he gave promise of an inventive genius. The first emanation from his mind was the invention of a screw for the propulsion 01 water craft, but on application for a patent, found that he was forestalled but a short time by John Ericsson. Subse- quently he invented a machine for sowing wheat in drills, which was used to a great extent throughout the west. He then stud- ied medicine, and in 1847-8 attended lectures at the Indiana Medical College at Laporte, and in 1848-9 at the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He later discovered a methoil of transmitting power throujjh the medium nf compressed air. A LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS co^[PE^^DIU^r of biograpiit. 119 double-acting hemp break was also invented by him. The invention, however, by which Dr. Catling became best known was the famous machine gun which bears his name. This he brought to light in 1861-62, and on the first trial of it, in the spring of the latter year, two hundred shots per minute were fired from it. After making some improve- ments which increased its efficiency, it was submitted to severe trials by our govern- ment at the arsenals at Frankfort, Wash- ington and Fortress Monroe, and at other points. The gun was finally adopted by our government, as well as by that of Great Britain, Russia and others. BENJAMIN RYAN TILLMAN, who won a national fame in politics, was born August II, 1847, in Edgefield county, South Carolina. He received his education in the Oldfield school, where he acquired the rudiments of Latin and Creek, in addition to a good English education. He left school in 1864 to join the Confederate army, but was prevented from doing so by a severe illness, which resulted in the loss of an eye. In 1 867 he removed to Florida, but returned in 1868, when he was married and devoted himself to farming. He was chairman of the Democratic organization of his county, but except a few occasional services he took no active part in politics then. Gradually, however, his attention was directed to the depressed condition of the farming interests of his state, and in August, 1885, before a joint meeting of the agricultural society and state grange at Bennettsville, he made a speech in which he set forth the cause of agricultural depression and urged measures of relief. From his active interest in the farming class he was styled the " Agricult- ural Moses." He advocated an industrial school for women and for a separate agri- cultural college, and in 1887 he secured a modification in the final draft of the will of Thomas C. Clemson, which resulted in the erection of the Clemson Agricultural Col- lege at F6rt Hill. In 1890 he was chosen governor on the Democratic ticket, and carried the election by a large majority. Governor Tillman was inaugurated Decem- ber 4, 1890. Mr. Tillman was next elected to the United States senate from South Carolina, and gained a national reputation by his fervid oratory. GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE.— No journalist of America was so cele- brated in his time for the wit, spice, and vigor of his writing, as the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. From Atlantic to Pacific he was well known by his witticism as well as by strength and force of his edi- torials. He was a native of Preston, Con- necticut, born December 18, 1802. After laying the foundation of a liberal education in his youth, he entered Brown University, from which he was graduated in 1823. Tak- ing up the study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1829. During part of his time he was editor of the " New England Weekly Review," a position which he relinquished to go south and was succeeded by John Greenleaf Whittier, the Quaker poet. On arriving in Louisville, whither he had gone to gather items for his history of Henry Clay, Mr. Prentice became identified with the " Louisville Journal," which, under his hands, became one of the leading Whig newspapers of the country. At the head of this he remained until the day of his death. This latter event occurred January 22, 1870, and he was succeeded in the control of the "Journal "by Colonel Henry Watterson. Mr. Prentice was an author of consider- able celebrity, chief among his works being 120 COMt'EMUL M OF lilOGRAPIir. "The Life of Henry Clay." and " Prentice- ana." a collection of wit and humor, that passed through several large editions. SAM. HOUSTON, in the opinion of some critics one of the most remarkable men who ever figured in American history, was a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, born March 2, 1793. Early in life he was left in destitute circumstances by the death of his father, and, with his mother, removed to Tennessee, then almost a boundless wilder- ness. He received but little education, spending the most of his time among the Cherokee Indians. Part of the time of his residence there Houston acted as clerk for a trader and also taught one of the primitive schools of the day. In 181 3 he enlisted as private in the United States army and was engaged under General Jackson in the war with the Creek Indians. When peace was made Houston was a lieutenant, but he re- signed his commission and commenced the study of law at Nashville. After holding some minor offices he was elected member of congress from Tennessee. This was in 1823. He retained this office until 1827, when he was chosen governor of the state. In 1829, resigning that office before the ex- piration of his term, Sam Houston removed to Arkansas, and made his home among the Cherokees, becoming the agent of that tribe and representing their interests at Washington. On a visit to Texas, just prior to the election of delegates to a con- vention called for the purpose of drawing up a constitution previous to the admission of the state into the Mexican union, he was unanimously chosen a delegate. The con- vention framed the constitution, but, it be- ing rejected by the government of Mexico, and the petition for admission to the Con- federacy denied and the Texans told by the president of the Mexican union to give up their arms, bred trouble. It was determined to resist this demand. A military force was soon organized, with General Houston at the head of it. War was prosecuted with great vigor, and with varying success, but at the battle of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836, the Mexicans were defeated and their leader and president, Siinta Anna, captured. Texas was then proclaimed an independent repub- lic, and in October of the same year Hous- ton was inaugurated president. On the ad- mission of Te.xas to the Federal Union, in 1845, Houston was elected senator, and held that position for twelve years. Oppos- ing the idea of secession, he retired from political life in 1861, and died at Hunts- ville, Texas, July 25, 1863. ELI WHITNEY, the inventor of the cot- ton-gin, was born in Westborough, Mas- sachusetts, December 8, 1765. After his graduation from Yale College, he went to Georgia, where he studied law, and lived with the family of the widow of General Nathaniel Greene. At that time the only way known to separate the cotton seed from the fiber was by hand, making it extremely slow and expensive, and for this reason cot- ton was little cultivated in this country. Mrs. Greene urged the inventive Whitney to devise some means for accomplishing this work by machinery. This he finally succeeded in doing, but he was harassed by attempts to defraud him by those who had stolen his ideas. He at last formed a part- nership with a man named Miller, and they began the manufacture of the machines at Washington, Georgia, in 1795. The suc- cess of his invention was immediate, and the legislature of South Carolina voted the sum of $50,000 for his idea. This sum he had great difficulty in collecting, after years of COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPIIT. 121 litigation and delay. North Carolina al- lowed him a royalty, and the same was agreed to by Tennessee, but was never paid. While his fame rests upon the invention of the cotton-gin, his fortune came from his improvements in the manufacture and con- struction of firearms. In 1798 the United States government gave him a contract for this purpose, and he accumulated a fortune from it. The town of Whitneyville, Con- necticut, was founded by this fortune. Whitney died at New Haven, Connecticut, January 8, 1825. The cotton-gin made the cultivation of cotton profitable, and this led to rapid in- troduction of slavery in the south. His in- vention thus affected our national history in a manner little dreamed of by the inventor. management, jointly with Theodore Moss. Lester Wallack was commissioned in the queen's service while in England, and there he also married a sister to the famous artist, the late John Everett Millais. While Les- ter Wallack never played in the interior cities, his name was as familiar to the public as that of our greatest stars. He died Sep- tember 6, 1888, at Stamford, Connecticut. LESTER WALLACK ^ John Lester Wal- lack), for many years the leading light comedian upon the American stage, was the son of James W. Wallack, the " Brum- mell of the Stage." Both father and son were noted for their comeliness of feature and form. Lester Wallack was born in New York, January i, 18 19. He received his education in England, and made his first appearance on the stage in 1848 at the New Broadway theater. New York. He acted light comedy parts, and also occasion- ally in romantic plays like Monte Cristo, which play made him his fame. He went to England and played under management of such men as Hamblin and Burton, and then returned to New York with his father, who opened the first Wallack's theater, at the corner of Broome and Broadway, in 1852. The location was afterward changed to Thirteenth and Broadway, in 1S61, and later to its present location, Broadway and Thirteenth, in 1882. The elder Wallack died in 1864, after which Lester assumed GEORGE MORTIMER PULLMAN, the palace car magnate, inventor, multi-millionaire and manufacturer, may well be classed among the remarkable self-made men of the century. He was born March 3, 1 831, in Chautauqua county. New York. His parents were poor, and his education was limited to what he could learn of the rudimentary branches in the district school. At the age of fourteen he went to work as clerk for a country mer- chant. He kept this place three years, studying at night. When seventeen he went to Albion, New York, and worked for his brother, who kept a cabinet shop there. Five years later he went into business for 1 himself as contractor for moving buildings along the line of the Erie canal, which was ' then being widened by the state, and was i successful in thii. In 18 58 he removed to I Chicago and engaged in the business of j moving and raising houses. The work was I novel there then and he was quite success- ful. About this time the discomfort attend- ant on traveling at night attracted his at- tention. He reasoned that the public would gladly pay for comfortable sleeping accom- modations. A few sleeping cars were in use at that time, but they were wretchedly crude, uncomfortable affairs. In 1859 he bought two old day coaches from the Chi- cago &.\lton road and remodeled them some- thing like the general plan of the sleepin? V2'2 Ci>MrK.\J>n M OF JilOGJy'A/'J/y. cars of the present day. They were put into service on the Chicago & Alton and became popular at once. In 1863 he built the first sleeping-car resembling the Pullman cars of to-day. It cost $i8.cxxj and was the "Pioneer." After that the Pullman Palace Car Company prospered. It had shops at different cities. In 1880 the Town of Pullman was founded by Mr. Pullman and his company, and this model manufac- turing community is known all over the -world. Mr. Pullman died October 19, 1897. JAMES E. B. STUART, the most famous cavalry leader of the Southern Confed- eracy during the Civil war, was born in Patrick county, Virginia, in 1833. On graduating from the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1854, he was as- signed, as second lieutenant, to a regiment of mounted rifles, receiving his commission in October. In March, 1855, he was trans- ferred to the newly organized First cavalry, and was promoted to first lieutenant the following December, and to captain April 22, 1861. Taking the side of the south. May 14, 1861, he was made colonel of a Virginia cavalry regiment, and served as such at Bull Run. In September, 1861, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-gen- erai. and major-general early in 1862. On the reorganization of the Army of Northern Virgmia, in June of the latter year, when R. E. Lee assumed command. General Stu- art made a reconnoissance with one thou- sand five hundred cavalry and four guns, and in two days made the circuit of McClel- lan's army, producing much confusion and gathering useful information, and losing but one man. August 25, 1862, he captured part of Pope's headquarters' train, including that general's private baggage and official correspondence, and the next night, in a descent upoD Manasses, capturing immense quantities of commissary and quartermaster store, eight guns, a number of locomotives and a few hundred prisoners. During the invasion of Maryland, in September, 1862, General Stuart acted as rearguard, resisting the advance of the Federal cavalry at South Mountain, and at Antietam commanded the Confederate left. Shortly after he crossed the Potomac, making a raid as far as Cham- bersburg, Pennsylvania. In the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, Gen- eral Stuart's command was on the e.xtreme right of the Confederate line. At Chancel- lorsville, after "Stonewall " Jackson's death and the wounding of General A. P. Hill, General Stuart assumed command of Jack- son's corps, which he led in the severe con- test of May 3, 1863. Early in June, the same year, a large force of cavalry was gathered under Stuart, at Culpepper, Vir- ginia, which, advancing to join General Lee in his invasion of Pennsylvania, was met at Brandy Station, by two divisions of cavalry and two brigades of infantry, under General John I. Gregg, and driven back. During the movements of the Gettysburg campaign he rendered important services. In May, 1864, General Stuart succeeded, by a detour, in placing himself between Richmond and Sheridan's advancing column, and at Yellow Tavern was attacked in force. During the fierce conflict that ensued General Stuart was mortally wounded, and died at Rich- mond, May II, 1864. FRANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth president of the United States —from 1853 until 1S57 — was born November 23. 1804, at Hillsboro. New Hampshire. He came of old revolutionary stock and his father was a governor of the state. Mr. Pierce entered Bowdoin College in 1820, COMPENDIUM OF BlOGRArilV. 123 was graduated in 1824. and took up the study of law in the office of Judge Wood- bury, and later he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Pierce practiced his profession with varying successes in his native town and also in Concord. He was elected to the state legislature in 1833 and served in that body until 1S37, the last two years of his term serving as speaker of the house. He was elected to the United States senate in 1837, just as President Van Buren began his term of office. Mr. Pierce served until 1842, and many times during Polk's term he declined important public offices. During the war with Mexico Mr. Pierce was ap- pointed brigadier-general, and he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847, and went with them to the field of battle. He served through the war and distinguished himself by his skill, bravery and e.xcellent judg- ment. When he reached his home in his native state he was received coldly by the opponents of the war, but the advocates of the war made up for his cold reception by the enthusiastic welcome which they ac- corded him. Mr. Pierce resumed the prac- tice of his profession, and in the political strife that followed he gave his support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The Democratic convention met in Baltimore, June 12, 1852, to nominate a candidate for the presidency, and they con- tinued in session four days, and in thirty- five ballotings no one had secured the re- quisite two-thirds vote. Mr. Pierce had not received a vote as yet, until the Virginia delegation brought his name forward, and finally on the forty-ninth ballot Mr. Pierce received 282 votes and all the other candi- dates eleven. His opponent on the Whig ticket was General Winfield Scott, who only received the electoral votes of four states. Mr. Pierce was inaugurated presi- dent of the United States March 4, 1853, with W. R. King as vice president, and the following named gentlemen were afterward chosen to fill the positions in the cabinet: William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jeffer- son Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert Mc- Clelland, Jatnes Campbell and Caleb Cush- ing. During the administration of President Pierce the Missouri compromise law was repealed, and all the territories of the Union were thrown open to slavery, and the dis- turbances in Kansas occurred. In 1857 he was succeeded in the presidency by James Buchanan, and retired to his home in Con- cord, New Hampshire. He always cherished his principles of slavery, and at the out- break of the rebellion he was an adherent of the cause of the Confederacy. He died at Concord, New Hampshire, October 8, 1869. JAMES B. WEAVER, well known as a leader of the Greenback and later of the Populist party, was born at Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1833. He received his earlier education in the schools of his native town, and entered the law department of the Ohio University, at Cincinnati, from which he graduated in 1854. Removing to the grow- ing state of Iowa, he became connected with "The Iowa Tribune," at the state capital, Des Moines, as one of its editors. He afterward practiced law and was elected district attorney for the second judicial dis- trict of Iowa, on the Republican ticket in 1866, which office he held for a short time. In 1867 Mr. Weaver was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the first district of Iowa, and filled that position until some- time in 1873. He was elected and served in the forty-sixth congress. In 1880 the National or Greenback party in convention at Chicago, nominated James B. Weaver as ll't COMPEXDirM OF lilOGRAPin. its candidate for the presidency. By a union of the Democratic and National parties in his district, he was elected to the forty-ninth congress, and re-elected to the same office in the fall of 1886. Mr. Weaver was conceded to be a very fluent speaker, and quite active in all political work. On July 4, 1892, at the National convention of the People's party. General James B. Weaver was chosen as the candidate for president of that organization, and during the campaign that followed, gained a na- tional reputation. AXTHO.NY JOSEPH DREXEL, one of the leading bankers and financiers of the United States, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1826, and was the son of Francis M. Drcxel, who had established the large banking institution of Drcxel & Co., so well known. The latter was a native of Dornbirn, in the Austrian Tyrol. He studied languages and fine arts at Turin, Italy. On returning to his mountain home, in 1809, and finding it in the hands of the French, he went to Switzerland and later to Paris. In 1 812, after a short visit home, he went to Berlin, where he studied paint- ing until 1817, in which year he emigrated to America, and settled in Philadelphia. A few years later he went to Chili and Peru, where he executed some fine portraits of notable people, including General Simon Bolivar. After spending some time in Mex- ico, he returned to Philadelphia, and en- gaged in the banking business. In 1837 he founded the house of Drcxel & Co. He died in 1837, and was succeeded by his two sons. Anthony J. and Francis A. His son. Anthony J. Drexel, Jr. , entered the bank when he was thirteen years of age. before he was through with his schooling, and after that the history of the banking business of which he was the bead, was the history of his life. The New York house of Dre.xel, Mor- gan & Co. was established in 1850; the Paris house. Dre.xel. Harjes & Co.. in 1867. The Drcxel banking houses have supplied iand placed hundreds of millions of dollars n government, corporation, railroad and other loans and securities. The reputation of the houses has always been held on the highest plane. Mr. Dre.xel founded and heavily endowed the Drexel Institute, in Philadelphia, an institution to furnish better and wider avenues of employment to young people of both se.xes. It has departments of arts, science, mechanical arts and domes- tic economy. Mr. Drexel.Jr., departed this life June 30, 1893. SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, inventor of the recording telegraph in- strument, was born in Charlestown, Massa- chusetts, April 27, 1791. He graduated from Yale College in iSio, and took up art as his profession. He went to London with the great American painter, Washington Allston, and studied in the Royal Academy under Benjamin West. His "Dying Her- cules," his first effort in sculpture, took the gold medal in 1813. He returned to .Amer- ica in 18 1 5 and continued to pursue his profession. He was greatly interested in scientific studies, which he carried on in connection with other labors. He founded the National Academy of Design and was many years its president. He returned to Europe and spent three years in study in the art centers, Rome. Florence, Venice and Paris. In 1832 he returned to America and while on the return voyage the idea of a recording telegraph apparatus occurred to him. and he mmie a drawing to represent his conception. He was the first to occupy the chair of fine arts in the University of Now C(>.)//'/:X/>/r.)/ OF JUl) a h'A /'//)■ 125 York Citj', and in 1835 he set up his rude instrument 'n his room in the university. But it was not until after many years of discouragement and reverses of fortune that le finally was successful in placing his inven- tion before the public. In 1844, by aid of the United States government, he had con- structed a telegraph line forty miles in length from Washington to Baltimore. Over this line the test was made, and the first tele- graphic message was flashed May 24, 1844. from the United States supreme court rooms to Baltimore. It read, "What hath God wrought!" His fame and fortune were es- tablished in an instant. Wealth and honors poured in upon him from that day. The nations of Europe vied with each other in honoring the great inventor with medals, titles and decorations, and the learned societies of Europe hastened to enroll his name upon their membership lists and confer degrees. In 1858 he was the recipient of an honor never accorded to an inventor before. The ten leading nations of Europe, at the suggestion of the Emporer Napoleon, ap- pointed representatives to an international congress, which convened at Paris for the special purpose of expressing gratitude of the nations, and they voted him a present of 400,000 francs. Professor Morse was present at the unveil- ing of a bronze statue erected in his honor in Central Park, New York, in 1871. His last appearance in public was at the unveiling of the statue of Benjamin Franklin in New York in 1872, when he made the dedica- tory speech and unveiled the statue. He died April 2, 1872, in the city of New York. MORRISON REMICH WAITE, seventh chief justice of the United States, was born at Lyme, Connecticut, November 29, 1816. He was a graduate from Yale Col- lege in 1837, in the class with William M. Evarts. His father was judge of the su- preme court of errors of the state of Con- necticut, and in his office young Waite studied law. He subsequently removed to Ohio, and was elected to the legislature of that state in 1849. He removed from Maumee City to Toledo and became a prom- inent legal light in that state. He was nominated as a candidate for congress re- peatedly but declined to run, and also de- clined a place on the supreme bench of the state. He won great distinction for his able handling of the Alabama claims at Geneva, before the arbitration tribunal in 1S71, and was appointed chief justice of the supreme court of the United States in 1874 on the death of Judge Chase. When, in 1876, elec- toral commissioners were chosen to decide the presidential election controversy between Tilden and Hayes, Judge Waite refused to serve on that commission. His death occurred March 23, 1S88. ELISHA KENT KANE was one of the distinguished American explorers of the unknown regions of the frozen north, and gave to the world a more accurate knowl- edge of the Arctic zone. Dr. Kane was born February 3, 1820, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a graduate of the universities of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and took his medical degree in 1843. He entered the service of the United States navy, and was physician to the Chinese embassy. Dr. Kane traveled extensively in the Levant, Asia and Western Africa, and also served in the Mexican war, in which he was severely wounded. His first Arctic expedition was under De Haven in the first Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin in 1850. Ho com- manded the second Grinnell expedition 126 COMPEXD/L'M OF BlOCliArn V. in 1853-55, and discovered an open polar sea. For this expedition he received a gold medal and other distinctions. He published a narrative of his first polar e.xpedition in 1853. and in 1856 published two volumes relating to his second polar expedition. He was a man of active, enterprising and cour- ageous spirit. His health, which was al- ways delicate, was impaired by the hard- ships of his Arctic expeditions, from which he never fully recovered and from which he died February 16. 1857, at Havana. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON was a daughter of Judge Daniel Cady and Margaret Livingston, and was born Novem- ber 12, 1815, at Johnstown, New York. She was educated at the Johnstown Academy, v"here she studied with a class of boys, and .vas fitted for college at the age of fifteen, ifter which she pursued her studies at Mrs. Willard's Seminary, at Troy. Her atten- *.'!on was called to the disabilities of her sex by her own educational experiences, and through a study of Blackstone, Story, and Kent. Miss Cady was married to Henry B. Stanton in 1840, and accompanied him to the world's anti-slavery convention in Lon- don. While there she made the acquain- tance of Lucretia Mott. Mrs. Stanton resided at Boston until 1847, when the family moved to Seneca Falls, New York, and she and Lucretia Mott signed the first call for a woman's rights convention. The meeting was held at her place of residence July 19 20, 1848. This was the first oc- casion of a formal claim of suffrage for women that was made. Mrs. Stanton ad- dressed the New York legislature, in 1854, on the rights of married women, and in i860, in advocacy of the granting of di- vorce for dnuikcnness. She also addressed the legislature and the constitutional con- vention, and maintained that during the revision of the constitution the state was resolved into its original elements, and that all citizens had, therefore, a right to vote for the members of that convention. After 1869 Mrs. Stanton frequently addressed congressional committees and state consti- tutional conventions, and she canvassed Kansas, Michigan, and other states when the question of woman suffrage was sub- mitted in those states. Mrs. Stanton was one of the editors of the " Revolution," and most of the calls and resolutions for con- ventions have come from her pen. She was president of the national committee, also of the Woman's Loyal League, and of the National Association, for many years. DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, a great American jurist was born in Connecti- cut in 1805. He en.o.ca Williams College when sixteen years old, and commenced the study of law in 1825. In 1828 he was ad- mitted to the bar, and went to New York, where he soon came into prominence be- fore the bar of that state. He entered upon the labor of reforming the practice and procedure, which was then based upon the common law practice of England, and had become extremely complicated, difficult and uncertain in its application. His first paper on this subject was published in 1839. and after eight years of continuous efforts in this direction, he was appointed one of a com- mission by New York to reform the practice of that state. The result was embodied in the two codes of procedure, civil and crimi- nal, the first of which was adopted almost entire by the state of New York, and has since been adopted by more than half the states in the Union, and became the basis of the new practice and procedure in Eng- land, contained in the Judicature act. He co^frEXD/r^f or BioGRAPfir. 127 was later appointed chairman cf a new com- mission to codify the entire body of laws. This great work employed many years in its completion, but when finished it embraced a civil, penal, and political code, covering the entire field of American laws, statutory and common. This great body of law was adopted by California and Dakota territory in its entirety, and many other states have since adopted its substance. In 1867 the British Association for Social Science heard a proposition from Mr. Field to prepare an international code. This led to the prepara- tion of his " Draft Outlines of an Interna- tional Code, " which was in fact a complete bod}' of international laws, and introduced the principle of arbitration. Other of his codes of the state of New York have since been adopted by that state. In addition to his great works on law, Mr. Field indulged his literary tastes by fre- quent contributions to general literature, and his articles on travels, literature, and the political questions of the hour gave him rank with the best writers of his time. His father was the Rev. David Dudley Field, and his brothers were Cyrus ^^'. Field, Rev. Henry Martin Field, and Justice Stephen J. Field of the United States supreme court. David Dudley Field died at New York, April 13, 1894. HENRY M. TELLER, a celebrated American politician, and secretary of the interior under President Arthur, was born May 23, 1830, in Allegany county, New York. He was of Hollandish ancestry and received an excellent education, after which he took up the study of law and was ad- mitted to the bar in the state of New York. Mr. Teller removed to Illinois in January, I858, and practiced for three years in that state. From thence he moved to Colorado in 1 86 1 and located at Central City, which was then one of the principal mining towns in the state. His exceptional abilities as a lawyer soon brought him into prominence and gained for him a numerous and profit- able clientage. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party, but declined to become a candidate for of!ice until the admission of Colorado into the Union as a state, when he was elected to the United States senate. Mr. Teller drew the term ending March 4, 1877, but was re-elected December 11, 1876, and served until April 17, 18S2, when ' he was appointed by President Arthur as secretary of the interior. He accepted a cabinet position with reluctance, and on March 3, 1885, he retired from the cabinet, [ having been elected to the senate a short I time before to succeed Nathaniel P. Hill. Mr. Teller took his seat on March 4, 1885, j in the senate, to which he was afterward I re-elected. He served as chairman on the ' committee of pensions, patents, mines and ; mining, and was also a member of commit- ! tees on claims, railroads, privileges and elections and public lands. Mr. Teller came , to be recognized as one of the ablest advo- ; cates of the silver cause. He was one of the delegates to the Republican National conven- tion at St. Louis in 1896, in which he took an active part and tried to have a silver plank inserted in the platform of the party. Failing in this he felt impelled to bolt the convention, which he did and joined forces with the great silver movement in the cam- paign which followed, being recognized in that campaign as one of the most able and eminent advocates of ••silver" in America. JOHN ERICSSON, an eminent inven- tor and machinist, who won fame \a ! America, was born ir. Sweden, July 31.1 803. I In early childhood he evinced a decided in- 128 coMri:.\njL.M of jj/ogua/'//)-. cliiiatiuii tj mechanical pursuits, and at the age of eleven lie was appointed to a cadet- ship i I the engineer corps, and at the age of seveiiteen was promoted to a lieutenancy. In 1826 he introduced a ••flame engine," which he had invented, and offered it to English capitalists, but it was found that it could be operated only by the use of wood for fuel. Shortly after this he resigned his commission in the army of Sweden, and de- voted himself to mechanical pursuits. He discovered and introduced the principle of artificial draughts in steam boilers, and re- ceived a prize of two thousand five hundred dollars for his locomotive, the "Novelty," which attained a great speed, for that day. The artificial draught effected a great saving in fuel and made unnecessary the huge smoke-stacks formerly used, and the princi- ple is still applied, in modified form, in boil ers. He also invented a steam fire-engine, and later a hot-air engine, which he at- tempted to apply in the operation of his ship, "Ericsson." but as it did not give the speed required, he abandoned it, but after- wards applied it to machinery for pumping, hoisting, etc. Ericsson was first to apply the screw propeller to navigation. The English peo- ple not receiving this new departure readily, Ericsson came to America in 1839, and built the United States steamer, "Prince- ton." in which the screw-propeller was util- ized, the first steamer ever built in which the propeller was under water, out of range of the enemy's shots. The achievement which gave him greatest renown, however, was the ironclad vessel, the "Monitor," an entirely new type of vessel, which, in March, 1862. attacked the Confederate monster ironclad ram, " \'irginia," and after a fierce struggle, compelled her to withdraw from Haujpton Roads for repairs. After the war one of his most noted inventions was his vessel, " Destroyer," with a submarine gun, which carried a projectile torpedo. In 1886 the king of Spain conferred on him the grand cross of the Order of Naval -Merit. He died in March. 1SS9, and his body was transferred, with naval honors, to the country of his birth. JAMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth presi- dent of the United States, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Franklin county, April 23, 1791. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having come to this country in 1783, in quite humble circum- stances, and settled in the western part of the Keystone state. James Buchanan remained in his se- cluded home for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious and frugal, and prospered, and. in 1799. the family removed to Mercersbur Pennsylvania, where he was placed in school. His progress was rapid, and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, where he took his place among the best scholars in the institution. In 1809 he graduated with the highest hon- ors in his class. He was then eighteen, tall, graceful and in vigorous health. He con:- menced the study of law at Lancaster, and was admitted to the bai in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and took a stand with the ablest of his fellow lawyers. When but twenty-si.\ years old he success- fully defended, unaided by counsel, one of the judges of the state who was before the bar of the state senate under articles of im- peachment. During the war of 1S12-15, Mr. Buch- anan sustained the government with all his power, eloquently urging the vigorous prose- cution of the war, and enlisted as a private CO.UPEXD/C.U OF BIOGRAPIir. 129 volunteer to assist in repelling the British who had sacked and burned the public buildings of Washington and threatened Baltimore. At that time Buchanan was a Federalist, but the opposition of that party to the war with Great Britain and the alien and sedition laws of John Adams, brought that party into disrepute, and drove many, among them Buchanan, into the Re- publican, or anti-Federalist ranks. He was elected to congress in 1S28. In 1831 he was sent as minister to Russia, and upon his return to this country, in 1833, was ele- vated to the United States senate, and re- ^ mained in that position for twelve years. Upon the accession of President Polk to office he made Mr. Buchanan secretary of state. Four years later he retired to pri- vate life, and in 1853 he was honored with the mission to England. In 1S56 the na- tional Democratic convention nominated him for the presidency and he was elected. It was during his administration that the rising tide of the secession movement over- took the country. Mr. Buchanan declared that the national constitution gave him no power to do anything against the movement to break up the Union. After his succession by Abraham Lincoln in i860. Mr. Buchanan retired to his home at Wheatland, Pennsyl- vania, where he died June i, 1868. JOHN HARVARD, the founder of the Harvard University, was born in Eng- land about the year 1608. He received his education at Emanuel College, Cambridge, and came to America in 1637, settling in Massachusetts. He was a non-conformist minister, and a tract of land was set aside for him in Charlestown, near Boston. He was at once appointed one of a committee to formulate a body of laws for the colony. One vear before his arrival in the colony the general court had voted the sum of four hundred pounds toward the establishment of a school or college, half of which was to be paid the next year In 1637 preliminary plans were made for starting the school. In 163S John Harvard, who had shown great I interest in the new institution of learning j proposed, died, leaving his entire property, about twice the sum originally voted, to the school, together with three hundred volumes as a nucleus for a library. The institution was then given the name of Harvard, and established at Newton (now Cambridge), j Massachusetts. It grew to be one of the two I principal seats of learning in the new world, and has maintained its reputation since. It now consists of twenty-two separate build- ings, and 'ts curriculum embraces over one hundred and seventy elective courses, and it ranks among the great universities of the world. ROGER BROOKE TANEY, a noted jurist and chief justice of the United States supreme court, was born in Calvert county, Maryland, March 17, 1777. He graduated fum Dickinson College at the age of eighteen, took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. He 1 was chosen to the legislature from his county, and in 1801 removed to Frederick, Mary- land. He became United States senator from Maryland in 18 16, and took up his permanent residence in Baltimore a few years later. In 1824 he became an ardent I admirer and supporter of Andrew Jackson, and upon Jackson's election to the presi- dency, was appointed attorney general of the United States. Two years later he was appointed secretary of the treasury, and after serving in that capacity for nearly one year, the senate refused to confirm the ap- pointment. In 1835, upon the death of COM/'EX/JILM OF lilOGRAr lir. Chief-justic^ Marshall, he was appointed to that place, and a political change having occurred in the make up of the senate, he was confirmed in i!>36. He presided at his first session in January of the following year. The case which suggests itself first to the average reader in connection with this jurist is the celebrated " Dred Scott " case, which came before the supreme court for decision in 1856. In his opinion, delivered on behalf of a majority of the court, one remarkable statement occurs as a result of an exhaustive sur\cy of the historical grounds, to the effect that " for more than a century prior to the adoption of the con- stitution thi.y (Africans) had been regarded so far inferior that they had no rights which a white man was bound to respect." Judge Taney retained the office of chief justice until his death, in 1864. JOHN LOTHKOP MOTLEY.— This gen- tleman had a world-wide reputation as an historian, which placed him in the front rank of the great men of America. He was born April 15, 1814, at Dorchester, Massa- chusetts, was given a thorough preparatory education and then attended Harvard, from which he was graduated in 1831. He also studied at Gottingen and Berlin, read law and in 1836 was admitted to the bar. In 1 84 1 he was appointed secretary of the legation at St. Petersburg, and in 1866-67 served as United Stages niinibter to Austria, serving in the same capacity during 1869 and 187010 England. In 1856, after long and e.xhaustive research and preparation. he published in London "The Rise of tlu' Dutch Republic." It embraced three vol- umes and immediately attracted great at- tention throughout Europe and America as a work of unusual merit. From 1S61 to r868 he produced "The History of the United Netherlands," in four volumes. Other works followed, with equal success, and his position as one of the foremost his- torians and writers of his day was firmly j established. His death occured May 29, I '877. ELIAS HOWE, the inventor of the sew- ing machine, well deserves to be classed among the great and noted men of Amer- ica. He was the son of a miller and farmer and was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1819. In 1835 he went to Lowell and worked there, and later at Boston, in the machine shops. His first sewing machine was completed in i S45 . and he patented it in 1846, laboring with the greatest persistency in spite of poverty and hardships, working for a' time as an engine driver on a railroad at pauper \sages and with broken health. He then spent two years of unsuccessful ex- ertion in England, striving in vain to bring his invention into public notice and use. He returned to the United States in almost hopeless poverty, to find that his patent had been violated. At last, however, he found friends who assisted him financially, and after years of litigation he made gocjd his claims in the courts in 1S54. His inven- tion afterward brought him a large fortune. During the Civil war he volunteered as a private in the Seventeenth Connecticut Vol- unteers, and served for some time. During his life time he received the cross of the Legion of Honor and many other med,ils. His death occurred October 3, 1867, at Brooklyn. New York. PllILLirS BROOKS, celebrated as an eloquent pre.icher and able pulpit ora- I tor, was born in Boston on the 13th d.iy of ; December. 1S35. He received excellent COMPEXDILM OF BlOGRAPlir 131 educational advantages, and graduated at Harvard in 1855. Early in life he decided upon the ministry as his life work and studied theology in the Episcopal Theolog- ical Seminary, at Alexandria, Virginia. In 1859 he was ordained and the same year became pastor of the Church of the Advent, in Philadelphia. Three years later he as- sumed the pastorate of the Church of the Holy Trinity, where he remained until 1870. At the e.xpiration of that time he accepted the pastoral charge of Trinity Church in Boston, where his eloquence and ability at- tracted much attention and built up a pow- erful church organization. Dr. Brooks also devoted considerable time to lecturing and literary work and attained prominence in these lines. WILLIAM B. ALLISON, a statesman of national reputation and one of the leaders of the Republican party, was born March 2, 1829, at Perry, Ohio. He grew up on his father's farm, which he assisted in cultivating, and attended the district school. When sixteen years old he went to the academy at Wooster, and subse- quently spent a year at the Allegheny Col- lege, at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He next taught school and spent another year at the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio. Mr. Allison then took up the study of law at Wooster, where he was admitted to the bariniSsi, and soon obtained a position as deputy county clerk. His political lean- ings were toward the old line Whigs, who afterward laid the foundation of the Repub- lican party. He was a delegate to the state convention in 1856, in the campaign of which he supported Fremont for president. Mr Allison removed to Dubuque, Iowa, in the following year. He rapidly rose to prominence at the bar and in politics. In i860 he was chosen as a delegate to the Republican convention held in Chicago, of which he was elected one of the secretaries. At the outbreak of the civil war he was ap- pointed on the staf! of the governor. His congressional career opened in 1S62, when he was elected to the thirty-eighth congress; he was re-elected three times, serving from March 4, 1863, to March 3. 1871. He was a member of the ways and means committee a good part of his term. His career in the United States senate began in 1873, and he rapidly rose to eminence in national affairs, his service of a quarter of a century in that body being marked by close fealty to the Republican party. He twice declined the portfolio of the treasury tendered him by Garfield and Harrison, and his name was prominently mentioned for the presidency at several national Republican conventions. MARY ASHTON LIVERMORE, lec- turer and writer, was born in Boston, December 19, 1821. She was the daughter of Timothy Rice, and married D. P. Liver- more, a preacher of the Universalist church. She contributed able articles to many of the most noted periodicals of this country and England. During the Civil war she labored zealously and with success on behalf of the sanitary commission which played so impor- tant a part during that great struggle. She became editor of the " Woman's Journal," published at Boston in 1870. She held a prominent place as a public speaker and writer on woman's suffrage, temperance, social and religious questions, and her intluence was great in every cause she advocated. JOHN B. GOUGH, a noted temperance lecturer, who won his fame in America, was born in the village of Sandgate, Kent, 182 COMPEXDILM OF BIOGliAI'Hr England, August 22, 1817. He came to the United States at the a;^e of twelve. He followed the trade of bookbinder, and lived in great poverty on account of the liquor habit. In 1843, however, he re- formed, and began his career as a temper- ance lecturer. He worked zealously in the cause of temperance, and his lectures and published articles revealed great earnestness. He formed temperance societies throughout the entire country, and labored with great success. He visited England in the same cause about the year 1853 and again in 1878. He also lectured upon many other topics, in which he attained a wide reputa- tion. His death occurred February 18, 1886. THOMAS BUCHANAN READ, author, sculptor and painter, was born in Ches- ter county, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1822. He early evinced a taste for art, and began the study of sculpture in Cincinnati. Later he found painting more to his liking. He went to New York, where he followed this profession, and later to Boston. In 1846 he located in Philadelphia. He visited Italy in 1 8 50. and studied at Florence, where he resided almost continuously for twenty-two years. He returned to America in 1872, and died in New York May 11 of the same year. He was the author of many heroic poems, but the one giving him the most re- nown is his famous "Sheridan's Kide," of which he has also left a representation in painting. EUGENE V. DEBS, the former famous president of the American Railway Union, and great labor leader, was born in the city of Terre Haute. Indiana, in 1855. He received his education in the public schools of that place and at the age 'A sixteen years began work as a painter in the Vandalia shops. After this, for some three years, he was employed as a loco- motive fireman on the same road. His first appearance in public life was in his canvass for the election to the office of city clerk 'of Terre Haute. In this capacity he served two terms, and when twenty si.\ years of age was elected a member of the legislature of the state of Indiana. While a member of that body he secured the passage of several bills in the interest of organized labor, of which he was always a faithful champion. Mr. Debs' speech nominating Daniel Voorhees for the United States senate gave him a wide reputation for oratory. On the expiration of his term in the legislature, he was elected grand secre- tary and treasurer of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fireman and filled that office for fourteen successive years. He was always an earnest advocate of confederation of railroad men and it was mainly through his efforts that the United Order of Railway Employes, composed of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen and Conductors. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association was formed, and he became a member of its supreme council. The order was dissolved by disagreement between two of its leading orders, and then Mr. Debs conceived the idea of the American Railway Union. He worked on the details and tiie union came into e.xistence in Chicaf^o, June 20, 1 S93. For a time it prospered and became one of the largest bodies of railway men in the world. It won in a contest with the Great Northern Railway. In the strike made by the union in sympathy with the Pullman employes inaugurated in Chic.igo June 25, iSMJ'j:\/)/c-.\f OF mocRAi'iir. Hall again sailed for the polar regions. He died in Greenland in October, iS-i, and the "Polaris" was finally abandoned by the ciew. a portion of which, under Captain Tyson, drifted with the icebergs for one hundred and ninety-five days, until picked up by the " Tigress," on the 30th of April, 1873. The other portion of the crew built boats, and. after a perilous voyage, were picked up in June. 1 873. by a whaling vessel. OLIVER ELLSWORTH, the third chief justice of the United States, was born at Windsor. Connecticut. April 29. 1745. After graduating from Princeton, he took up the study of law, and was licensed to practice in 1 77 1 . In i jjj he wa$ elected as a delegate to the Continental congress. He was judge of the superior court of his stale in 1784. and was chosen as a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1787. He sided with the Federalists, was elected to the United States senate in 1789, and was a firm supporter of Washington's policy. He won great distinction in that body, and was appointed chief justice of the supreme court of the United States by Washington in 1796. The relations between this coun- try and France having become violently strained, he was sent to Paris as envoy ex- traordinary in 1799, and was instrumental in negotiating the treaty that averted war. He resigned the following year, and was suc- ceeded by Chief Justice Marshall. His death occurred November 26, 1807. MELLVILLE WESTON FULI-ER, an eminent American jurist and chief justice of the United States supreme court, was born in Augusta, Maine, in 1833. His education was looked after in boyhood, and at the age of si.xteen he entered Bowdoin C"olle!,'e, and on graduation entered the law department of Harvard University. He then entered the law office of his uncle at Ban- gor, Maine, and soon after opened an office for the practice of law at Augusta. He was an alderman from his ward, city attorney, and editor of the " Age," a rival newspaper of the "Journal," which was conducted by James G. Blaine. He soon decided to re- move to Chicago, then springing into notice as a western metropolis. He at once iden- tified himself with the interests of the new city, and by this means acquired an experience that fitted him for his future work. He devoted himself assiduously to his profession, and had the good fortune to connect himself with the many suits grow- ing out of the prorogation of the Illinois legislature in 1863. It was not long before he became one of the foremost lawyers in Chicago. He made a three days' speech in the heresy trial of Dr. Cheney, which added to his fame. He was appointed chief jus- tice of the United States by President Cleve- land in 1888, the youngest man who ever held that exalted position. His income from his practice had for many years reached thirty thousand dollars annually. CHESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, twenty- first president of the United States, was born in Franklin county, Vermont, Octo- ber 5, 1830. He was educated at Union College. Schenectady. New York, from which he graduated with honor, and en- gaged in teaching school. After two years he entered the law office of Judge E. D. Culver, of New York, as a student. He was admitted to the bar, and formed a partner- ship with an old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law in the west, but after a few months' search for a location, they returned to New York and opened an oflice, and at once entered COMPEXDUM OF BIOGRAPir] 1 co- upon a profitable practice. He was shortly afterwards married to a daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States navy. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before his nomina- tion for the vice-presidency. In 1856 a colored woman in New York was ejected from a street car and retained Mr. Arthur in a suit against the company, and obtained a verdict of five hundred dollars. It result- ed in a general order by all superintendents of street railways in the city to admit col- ored people to the cars. Mr. Arthur was a delegate to the first Republican national convention, and was appointed judge-advocate for the Second Brigade of New York, and then chief engi- neer of Governor Morgan's staff. At the close of his term he resumed the practice of iaw in New York. In 1872 he was made collector of the port of New York, which position he held four years. At the Chi- cago convention in 1880 Mr. Arthur was nominated for the vice-presidency with Garfield, and after an e.xciting campaign was elected. Four months after the inau- guration President Garfield was assassinated, and Mr. Arthur was called to take the reins of government. His administration of affairs was generally satisfactory. At its close he resumed the practice of law in New York. His death occurred November iS, 1 886. 1S.AAC HULL was one of the most con- spicuous and prominent naval officers in the early history of America. He was born at Derby, Connecticut, March 9, 1775, be- mg the son of a Revolutionary officer. Isaac Hull early in life became a mariner, and when nineteen years of age became master of a merchant ship in the London trade. In 1798 he became a lieutenant in the United States navy, and three years later was made first lieutenant of the frigate "Constitution." He distinguished himself by skill and valor against the French on the coast of Hayti, and served with distinction in the Barbary e.xpe- ditions. July 12, 181 2, he sailed from Annapolis, in command of the "Constitu- tion," and for three days was pursued by a British squadron of five ships, from which he escaped by bold and ingenious seaman- ship. In August of the same year he cap- tured the frigate " Guerriere," one of his late pursuers and for this, the first naval advantage of that war, he received a gold medal from congress. Isaac Hull was later made naval commissioner and had command of various navy yards. His death occurred February 13, 1843, ^^ Philadelphia. MARCUS ALONZO HANNA, famous as a prominent business man, political manager and senator, was born in New Lis- bon, Columbiana county, Ohio, September 24, 1837. He removed with his father's family to Cleveland, in the same state, in 1852, and in the latter city, and in the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, received his education. He became an em- ploye of the wholesale grocery house of Hanna, Garrettson & Co., his father being the senior member of the firm. The latter died in 1862, and Marcus represented his interest until 1867, when the business was closed up. Our subject then became a member of the firm of Rhodes & Co., engaged in the iron and coal business, but at the expira- tion of ten years this firm was changed to that of M. A. Hanna & Co. Mr. Hanna was long identified with the lake carrying business, being interested in vessels on the lakes and in the construction of them. As a director of the Globe Ship Manufacturing Company, of Cleveland, president of the 170 COMrE.XDILM OF li/OGJiA/'J/r. Union National Bank, of Cleveland, president of the Cleveland City Railway Company, and president of the Chapin Nfining Com- pany, oi Lake Superior, he became promi- nently identified with the business world. He was one of the government directors of the Union Pacific Railroad, being appointed to that position in 1885 by President Cleve- land. Mr. Hanna was a delegate to the na- tional Republican convention of 1884, which was his first appearance in the political world. He was a deh-gate to the con- ventions of 1888 and 1896, and was elect- ed chairman of the Republican national committee the latter year, and practically managed the campaign of William McKin- ley for the presidency. In 1897 Mr. Hanna was appointed senator by Governor Bush- nell, of Ohio, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sherman. GEORGE PEABODY was one of the | best known and esteemed of all phiian- thropists, whose munificent gifts to Ameri- can institutions have proven of so much benefit to the cause of humanity. He was born February 18, 1795, at South Danvers, Massachusetts, which is now called Pea- | body in honor of him. He received but a meager education, and during his early life j he was a mercantile clerk at Thetford, Ver- j mont, and Newburyport, Massachusetts. In i 1814 he became a partner with Elisha Riggs. at Georgetown, District of Columbia, and in 181 5 they moved to Baltimore, Mary- ; lanJ. The business grew to great propor- tions, and they opened branch houses at New York and Philadelphia. Mr. Peabody made several voyages to Europe of com- mercial importance, and in 1S29 became the head of the firm, which was then called Peabody, Kiggs & Co., and in 1838 he re- moved to London, England. He retired from the firm, and established the cele- brated banking house, in which he accumu- lated a large fortune. He aided Mr. Grin- nell in fitting out Dr. Kane's Arctic e.xpedi- tion, in 1S52, and founded in the same year the Peabody Institute, in his native town, which he afterwards endowed with two hun- dred thousand dollars. Mr. Peabody visited the United States in 1857, and gave three hundred thousand dollars for the establish- ment at Baltimore of an institute of science, literature and fine arts. In iS62hegave two million five hundred thousand dollars for the erecting of lodging houses for the poor in London, and on another visit to the United States he gave one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to establish at Harvard a museum and professorship of American archaeology and ethnology, an equal sum for the endowment of a department of physical science at Yale, and gave the "Southern Educational Fund " two million one hundred thousand dollars, besides devoting two hun- dred thousand dollars to various objects of public utility. Mr. Peabody made a final visit to the United States in 1S69, and on this occasion he raised the endowment of the Baltimore Institute one million dollars, created the Peabody Museum, at Salem, Massachusetts, with a fund of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, gave sixty thou- sand dollars to Washington College, Vir- ginia; fifty thousand dollars for a ••Peabody Museum," at North Danvers, thirty thousand dollars to Phillips Academy. Andover; twen- ty-five thousand dollars to Kenyon College, Ohio, and twenty thousand dollars to the Maryland Historical Society. Mr. Peabody also endowed an art school at Rome, in 1868. He died in London, November 4, 1869, less then a month after he had re- turned from the United States, and his COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPlir. 171 remains were brought to the United States and interred in his native town. He made several other bequests in his will, and left his family about five million dollars. M.\TTHE\V S. QUAY, a celebrated public man and senator, was born at Dillsburgh, York county, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1833, of an old Scotch-Irish family, some of whom had settled in the Keystone state in 1715. Matthew received a good education, graduating from the Jef- ferson College at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, at the age of seventeen. He then traveled, taught school, lectured, and studied law under Judge Sterrett. He was admitted to the bar in 1854, was appointed a prothon- otary in 1855 and elected to the same office in 1856 and 1859. Later he was made lieutenant of the Pennsylvania Re serves, lieutenant-colonel and assistant com- missary-general of the state, private secre- tary of the famous war governor of Pennsyl- vania, Andrew G. Curtin, colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylva- nia Infantry (nine months men), military state agent and held other offices at different times. Mr. Quay was a member of the house of representatives of the state of Pennsylvania from 1865 to 1 868. He filled the office of secretary of the commonwealth from 1872 to 1878, and the position of delegate-at- large to the Republican national conventions of 1872, 1876, 1880 and 1888. Hewasthe editor of the "Beaver Radical" and the "Philadelphia Record" for a time, and held many offices in the state conventions and on their committees. He was elected secre- tary of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1869, and served three years, and in 1885 was chosen state treasurer. In 1886 his great abilities pointed him out as the natural candidate for United States senator, and he was accordingly elected to that posi- tion and re-elected thereto in 1892. He was always noted for a genius for organiza- tion, and as a political leader had but few peers. Cool, serene, far-seeing, resourceful, holding his impulses and forces in hand, he never quailed from any policy he adopted, and carried to success most, if not all, of the political campaigns in which he took part. JAMES K. JONES, a noted senator and political leader, attained national fame while chairman of the national e.xecutive committee of the Democratic party in the presidential campaign of 1896. He was a native of Marshall county, Mississippi, and was born September 29, 1839. His father, a well-to-do planter, settled in Dallas county, Arkansas, in 184S, and there the subject of this sketch received a careful education. During the Civil war he served as a private soldier in the Confederate army. From 1866 to 1873 he passed a quiet life as a planter, but in the latter year was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law. -A.bout the same time he was elected to the Arkansas senate and re-elected in 1874. In 1877 he was made president of the senate and the following year was unsuccessful in obtaining a nomination as member of con- gress. In 1880 he was elected representa- tive and his ability at once placed him in a foremost position. He was re-elected to congress in 1882 and in 1884, and served as an influential member on the committee of ways and means. March 4, 1885, Mr. Jones took his seat in the United States senate to succeed James D. Walker, and was after- ward re-elected to the same office. In this branch of the national legislature his capa- bilities had a wider scope, and he was rec- co.\H'i:yJ>ii M OF iijoGiiArnr. ognized as one of the ablest leaders of his party. On the nomination of William J. Bryan as its candidate for the presidency by the national convention of the Democratic party, held in Chicago in 1896, Mr. Jones was made chairman of the national com- mittee. THEODORE THOMAS, one of the most celebrated musical directors America has known, was born in the kingdom of Han- over in 1835, and received his musical educa- tion from his father. He was a very apt scholar and played the violin at public concerts at the age of six years. He came with his parents to America in 1845, and joined the orchestra of the Italian Opera in New York City. He played the first violin in the orchestra which accompanied Jenny Lind in her first American concert. In 1861 Mr. Thomas established the orchestra that be- came famous under his management, and gave his first symphony concerts in New York in 1864. He began his first "summer night concerts" in the same city in 1868, and in 1869 he started on his first tour of the principal cities in the United States, which he made every year for many years. He was director of the College of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio, but resigned in 1880, after having held the position for three years. Later he organized one of the greatest and most successful orchestras ever brought together in the city of Chicago, and was very prominent in musical affairs during the World's Columbian E.vposition, thereby add- ing greatly to his fame. father invented a reaping machine. It was a rude contrivance and not successful. In 1831 Cyrus made his invention of a reaping machine, and had it patented three years later. By successive improvements he was able to keep his machines at the head of its class during his life. In 1 845 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and two years later located in Chicago, where he amassed a great fortune in manufacturing reapers and harvesting machinery. In 1859 he estab- lished the Theological Seminary of the Northwest at Chicago, an institution for pre- paring young men for the ministry in the Presbyterian church, and he afterward en- dowed a chair in the Washington and Lee College at Lexington, Virginia. He mani- fested great interest in educational and re- ligious matters, and by his great wealth he was able to extend aid and encouragement to many charitable causes. His death oc- curred May 13, 1884. D CVKUS HALL McCORMICK. the fa- mous inventor and manufacturer, was born at Walnut Grove, Virginia, February I 5, 1809. When he was seven years old his .Wll) ROSS LOCKE.— Under the pen name of Petroleum V. Nasby, this well-known humorist and writer made for himself a household reputation, and estab- lished a school that has many imitators. The subject of this article was born at Vestal, Broome county. New York, Sep- tember 30, 1833. After receiving his edu- cation in the county of his birth he en- tered the office of the " Democrat," at Cort- land, New York, where he learned the printer's trade. He was successively editor and publisher of the "Plymouth Advei-tiser," the "Mansfield Herald," the " Bucyrus Journal," and the "Findlay Jeffersonian." Later he became editor of the "Toledo Blade." In i860 he commenced his " Nasby" articles, several series of which have been given the world in book form. Under a mask of misspelling, and in .1 ouaiuC COMPEXDIUM OF BlOGRAPJir. .•3 and humorous style, a keen political satire is couched — a most effective weapon. Mr. Locke was the author of a num- ber of serious political pamphlets, and later on a more pretentious work, " The Morals of Abou Ben Adhem." As a news- paper writer he gained many laurels and his works are widely read. Abraham Lincoln is said to have been a warm admirer of P. V. Nasby, of " Confedrit X Roads" fame. Mr. Locke died at Toledo, Ohio, February 15, 1S88. RUSSELL A. ALGER, noted as a sol- dier, governor and secretary of war, was born in Medina count3% Ohio, February 27, 1836, and was the son of Russell and Caroline (Moulton) Alger. At the age of twelve years he was left an orphan and pen- niless. For about a year he worked for his board and clothing, and attended school part of the time. In 1850 he found a place which paid small wages, and out of his scanty earnings helped his brother and sister. While there working on a farm he found time to attend the Richfield Academy, and by hard work between times managed to get a fair education for that time. The last two years of his attendance at this institu- tion of learning he taught school during the winter months. In 1857 he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1S59. For a while he found employ- ment in Cleveland, Ohio, but impaired health induced him to remove to Grand Rapids, where he engaged in the lumber business. He was thus engaged when the Civil war broke out, and, his business suf- fering and his savings swept away, he en- listed as a private in the Second Michigan Cavalry. He was promoted to be captain the ioliowing month, and major for gallant conduct at Boonesville, Mississippi, July i. 1862. October 16, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Si.xth Michigan Cavalry, and in February, 1863, colonel of the F"ifth Michigan Cavalry. He rendered excellent service in the Gettysburg cam- paign. He was wounded at Boonesboro, Maryland, and on returning to his command took part with Sherman in the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. For services ren- dered, that famous soldier recommended him for promotion, and he was brevetted major-general of volunteers. In 1866 Gen- eral Alger took up his residence at Detroit, and prospered exceedingly in his business, which was that of lumbering, and grew quite wealthy. In 1884 he was a delegate to the Republican national convention, and the same year was elected governor of Michigan. He declined a nomination for re-election to the latter office, in 1887, and was the following year a candidate for the nomination for president. In 1889 he was elected commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, and at different times occupied many offices in other or- ganizations. In March, 1897, President McKinley appointed General Alger secretary of war. CYRUS WEST FIELD, the father of submarine telegraphy, was the son of the Rev. David D. Field, D.D., a Congre- gational minister, and was born at Stock- bridge, Massachusetts, November 30, 18 19. He was educated in his native town, and at the age of fifteen years became a clerk in a store in New York City. Being gifted with excellent business ability Mr. Field pros- pered and became the head of a lar,'ife mer- cantile house. In 1853 he spent about six months in travel in South America. On his return he became interested in ocean teleg- raphy. Being solicited to aid in the cui- 174 coM/'i:\/)i( .u or BiocRArin: struction of a land telegraph across New j Foundland to receive the news from a line ' of fast steamers it was proposed to run from from Ireland to St. Johns, the idea struck him to carry the line across the broad At- lantic. In 1850 Mr. Field obtained a con- cession from the legislature of Newfound- land, giving him the sole right for fifty years to land submarine cables on the shores of that island. In company wiih Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts and : Chandler White, he organized a company under the name of the New York, New- \ foundland & London Telegraph Company. | In two years the line from New York across | Newfoundland was built. The first cable connecting Cape Breton Island with New- \ foundland having been lost in a storm while 1 being laid in 1S55, another was put down in [ 1856. In the latter year Mr. Field went to 1 London and organized the Atlantic Tele- 1 graph Company, furnishing one-fourth of the capital himself. Both governments loaned \ ships to carry out the enterprise. Mr. Field accompanied the expeditions of 1S57 and two in 1S58. The first and second cables were failures, and the third worked but a | short time and then ceased. The people of both continents became incredulous of the 1 feasibility of laying a successful cable under i so wide an e.xpanse of sea, and the war breaking out shortly after, nothing was done until 1865-66. Mr. Field, in the former year, again made the attempt, and the Great Eastern laid some one thousand two hun- dred miles when the cable parted and was lost. The following year the same vessel succeeded in laying the entire cable, and picked up the one lost the year before, and both were carried to America's shore. After thirteen years of care and toil Mr. Field had his reward. He was the recipient of many medals and honors from both home and abroad. He gave his attention after this to establishing telegraphic communication throughout the world and many other large enterprises, notably the construction of ele- vated railroads in New York. Mr. Field died July 1 1, 1S92. GKOVER CLEVELAND, the twenty- second president of the United States, was born in Caldwell, Essex county. New Jersey, March 18. 1837, and was the son of Rev. Richard and Annie (Neale; Cleve- land. The father, of distinguished New England ancestry, was a Presbyterian min- ister in charge of the church at Caldwell at the time. When Grover was about three years of age the family removed to Fayetteville, Onondaga county. New York, where he attended the district school, and was in the academy for a short time. His father be- lieving that boys should early learn to labor, Grover entered a village store and worked for the sum of fifty dollars for the first year. While he was thus engaged the family re- moved to Clinton, New York, and there young Cleveland took up h's studies at the academy. The death of his father dashed all his hopes of a collegiate education, the family being left in straightened circum- stances, and Grover started out to battle for himself. After acting for a year (1S53- 54) as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind at New York City, he went to Buffalo. A short time after he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of that city, and after a hard struggle with adverse circumstances, was admitted to the bar in 1S59. Hebe- came confidential and managing clerk for the firm under whom he had studied, and remained with them until 1863. In the lat- ter year he was appointed district attorney COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPIir. 17J of Erie county. It was during his incum- bency of this office that, on being nominated by the Democrats for supervisor, he came wiihin thirteen votes of election, although the district was usually Republican by two hundred and fifty majority. In 1 866 Grover Cleveland formed a partnership with Isaac V. Vanderpoel. The most of the work here fell upon the shoulders of our subject, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of the state. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland associated himself in business with A. P. Laning and Oscar Folsom, and under the firm name of Laning, Cleveland & Folsom soon built up a fair practice. In the fall of 1870 Mr. Cle\e- land was elected sheriff of Erie county, an office which he filled for four years, after which he resumed his profession, with L. K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell as partners. This firm was strong and popular and shortly was in possession of a lucrative practice. Mr. Bass retired from the firm in 1S79, and George J. Secard was admit- ted a member in 1 88 1. In the latter year Mr. Cleveland was elected mayor of Buffalo, and in 1882 he was chosen governor by the enormous majority of one hundred and ninety-two thousand votes. July 11, 1884, he was nominated for the presidency by the Democratic national convention, and in November following was elected. Mr. Cleveland, after serving one term as president of the United States, in 1888 was nominated bj' his party to succeed himself, but he failed of the election, being beaten b}' Benjamin Harrison. In 1892. however, being nominated again in opposition to the then incumbent of the presidency, ^fr. Har- rison, Grover Cleveland was elected pres- ident for the second time and served for the usual term of four years. In 1897 Mr. Cleveland retired from the chair of the first n^pgistrate of the nation, and in New York City resumed the practice of law, in which city he had established himself in 1889. June 2, 1886, Grover Cleveland was united in marriage with Miss Frances Fol- som, the daughter of his former partner. ALEX.\NDER WINXHELL. for many years one of the greatest of American scientists, and one of the most noted and prolific writers on scientific subjects, was born in Duchess county. New York, Decem- ber 31, 1824. He received a thorough col- legiate education, and graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connect- icut, in 1847. His mind took a scientific turn, which manifested itself while he was yet a boy, and in 1S48 he became teacher of natural sciences at the Armenian Semi- nary, in his native state, a position which he filled for three years. In 1851-3 he oc- cupied the same position in the Mesopo- tamia Female Seminar}', in Alabama, after which he was president of the Masonic Fe- male Seminar}-, in .Alabama. In 1853 he became connected with the University of Michigan, at .Ann Arbor, at which institu- tion he perform.ed the most important work of his life, and gained a wide reputation as a scientist. He held many important posi- tions, among which were the following; Professor of physics and civil engineering at the University of Michigan, also of geology, zoology and botany, and later professor of geology and palzeontology at the same insti- tution. He also, for a time, was president of the Michigan Teachers' Association, and state geologist of Michigan. Professor Winchell was a very prolific writer on scien- tific subjects, and published many standard works, his most important and widely known being those devoted to geology. He also contributed a large number of articles tc scientific and popular journals. 170 COMPESDILM OF IHOGliAI'Jli: ANDREW HULL FOOTE. of the United States navy, was a native of New England, born at New Haven, Con- necticut, May 4, 1808. He entered the navy, as a midshipman, December 4, 1822. He slowly rose in his chosen profession, at- taining the rank of lieutenant in 1830, com- mander in 1852 and captain in 1861. Among the distinguished men in the break- ing out of the Civil war, but few stood higher in the estimation of his brother officers than Foote, and when, in the fall of 1S61. he was appointed to the command of the flotilla then building on the Mississippi, the act gave great satisfaction to the service. Although embarrassed by want of navy yards and supplies, Foote threw himself into his new work with unusual energy. He overcame all obstacles and in the new, and, until that time, untried experiment, of creat- ing and maintaining a navy on a river, achieved a success beyond the expectations of the country. Great incredulity e.xisted as to the possibility of carrying on hostilities on a river where batteries from the shore might bar the passage. But in spite of all, Foote soon had a navy on the great river, and by the heroic qualities of the crews en- trusted to him, demonstrated the utility of this new departure in naval architecture. All being prepared, February 6, 1862, Foote took Fort Henry after a hotly-contested action. On the 14th of the same month, for an hour and a half engaged the batteries of Fort Donelson, with four ironclads and two wooden gunboats, thereby dishearten- ing the garrison and assisting in its capture. April 7th of the same year, after several hotly-contested actions. Commodore Foote received the surrender of Island No. lO, one of the groat strongholds of the Confederacy on the Mississippi river. Foote having been wounded at Fort Donelson, and by neglect it having become so serious as to endanger his life, he was forced to resign his command and return home. June 16, 1862. he re- ceived the thanks of congress and was pro- moted to the rank of rear admiral. He was appointed chief of the bureau of equipment and recruiting. June 4, 1863, he was ordered to the fleet off Charleston, to super- cede Rear Admiral Dupont, but on his way to that destination was taken sick at New York, and died June 26, 1863. NELSON A. MILES, the well-known sol- dier, was born at Westminster, Massa- chusetts, August 8, 1 S39. His ancestors set- tled in that state in 1643 among the early pioneers, and their descendants were, many of them, to be found among those battling against Great Britain during Revolutionary times and during the war of 1812. Nelson was reared on a farm, received an academic education, and in early manhood engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston. Early in 1861 he raised a company and offered hi? services to the government, and although commissioned as captain, on account of his j youth went out as first lieutenant in the I Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry. In 1862 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the Sixty-first New York In- fantry. At the request of Generals Grant and Meade he was made a brigadier by President Lincoln. He participated in all but one of the battles of the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war. During the latter part of the time he commanded the first division of the Second Corps. General Miles was wounded at the battles of Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg and Chan- cellorsville, and received four brevets for distinguished service. During the recon- struction period he commanded in North Carolina, and on the reorganization of the COMPEXDILM OF B/OGRAPJ/r. regular army he was made colonel of in- fantry. In 1880 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, and in 1890 to that of major-general. He successfully con- ducted several campaigns among the In- dians, and his name is known among the tribes as a friend when they are peacefully inclined. He many times averted war with the red men by judicious and humane settlement of difficulties without the military power. In 1S92 General Miles was given command of the proceedings in dedicating the World's Fair at Chicago, and m the summer of 1894, during the great railroad strike at the same cit3\ General Miles, then in command of the department, had the disposal of the troops sent to protect the United States mails. On the retirement of General J. M. Schofield, in 1895, General Miles became the ranking major-general of the United States army and the head of its forces. JUNIUS BRUTUS BOOTH, the great U actor, though born in London ( 17963, is more intimately connected with the Amer- ican than with the English stage, and his popularity in America was almost un- bounded, while in England he was not a prime favorite. He presented " Richard III." in Richmond on his first appearance on the American stage in 182 1. This was his greatest role, and in it he has never had an equal. In October of the same year he appeared in New York. After a long and successful career he gave his final perform- ance at New Orleans in 1852. He con- tracted a severe cold, and for lack of proper medical attention, it resulted in his death on November 30th of that year. He was, without question, one of the greatest tra- gedians that ever lived. In addition to his professional art and genius, he was skilled in languages, drawing, painting and sculp- ture. In his private life he was reserved, and even eccentric. Strange stories are related of his peculiarities, and on his farm near Baltimore he forbade the use of animal food, the taking of animal life, and even the felling of trees, and brought his butter and eggs to the Baltimore markets in person. Junius Brutus Booth, known as the elder Booth, gave to the world three sons of note: Junius Brutus Booth, Jr., the husband of .\gnes Booth, the actress; John Wilkes Booth, the author of the greatest tragedy in the life of our nation; Edwin Booth, in his day the greatest actor of America, if not of the world. JAMES MONTGOMERY BAILEY, fa- mous as the "Danbury News Man," was one of the best known American humor- ists, and was born September 25, 1841, at Albany, N. Y. He adopted journalism as a profession and started in his chosen work on the "Danbury Times," which paper he pur- chased on his return from the war. Mr. Bailey al^o purchased the '-JeSersonian," another paper of Danbury, and consolidated them, forming the "Danbury News," which paper soon acquired a celebrit3' throughout the United States, from an incessant flow of rich, healthy, and original humor, which the pen of the editor imparted to its columns, and he succeeded in raising the circulation of the paper from a few hundred copies a week to over forty thousand. The facilities of a country printing office were not so com- plete in those days as they are now, but Mr. Bailey was resourceful, and he put on re- lays of help and ran his presses night and day, and always prepared his matter a week ahead of time. The "Danbury News Man" was a new figure in literature, as his humor was so different from that of the newspaper 178 tuMPhy JJJLM ,RAI'Hr wits — who had preceded him, and he maybe cailc'd ihe pioneer of that school now so familiar. Mr. Bailey published in book form 'Life in Danbury" and "The Danbury News Man's Almanac. " One of his most admirable traits was philanthrophy, as he gave with unstinted generosity to all comers, and died comparatively poor, notwithstand- ing his ownership of a very profitable busi- ness which netted him. an income of $40,000 a year. He died March 4, 1894. M.ATTHEW H.ALE CARPENTER, a famous lawyer, orator and senator, was born in Moretown, \'ermont, Decetnber 22, 1S24. After receiving a common-school education he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, but only remained two years. On returning to his home he commenced the study of law with Paul Dillingham, afterwards governor of Vermont, and whose daughter he married. In 1.S47 he was admitted to practice at the bar in Vermont, but he went to Boston and for a time studied with Ruf us Choate. In 1848 he moved wes-t, settling at Beloit, Wisconsin, and commencing the practice of his profes- sion soon obtained a wide reputation for ability. In 1S56 Mr. Carpenter removed to Milwaukee, where he found a wider field for his now increasing powers. During the Civil war, although a strong Democrat, he was loyal to the government and aided the Union cause to his utmost. In 1868 he was counsel for the government in a test case to settle the legality of the reconstruc- tion act before the United States supreme court, and won his case against Jeremiah S. Black. This gave him the election for sen- ator from Wisconsin in 1869. and he served until 1875, during part of which time he was president pro tempore of the senate. Failing 01 a re-election Mr. Carpenter resumed the practice of law, and when William W. Belknap, late secretary of war, was im- peached, entered the case for General Belknap, and secured an acquittal. During the sitting of the electoral commission of 1877, Mr. Carpenter appeared for Samuel J. Tilden. although the Republican man- agers had intended to have him represent R. B. Hayes. Mr. Carpenter was elected to the United States senate again in 1879, and remained a member of that body until the day of his death, which occurred at Washington, District of Columbia, Feb- ruary 24, iSSt. Senator Carpenter's real name was De- catur Merritt Hammond Carpenter but about 1852 he changed it to the one by which he was universally known. THOMAS E. WATSON, lawyer and congressman, the well-known Geor- gian, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, made himself a place in the his- tory of our country by his ability, energy and fervid oratory. He was born in Col- umbia (now McDuffie) county, Georgia, September 5, 1856. He had a common- school education, and in 1872 entered Mer- cer University, at Macon, Georgia, as fresh- man, but for want of money left the college at the end of his sophomore year. He taught school, studying law at the same time, until 1875, when he was admitted to the bar. He opened an office and com- menced practice in Thomson, Georgia, in November, 1 876. He carried on a success- ful business, and bought land and farmed on an extensive scale. Mr. Watson was a delegate to the Demo- cratic state convention of 1880, and was a member of the house of representatives of the legislature of his native state in 1S82 In 1 888 he was an elector-at-large on the COMPEXDIUM OF BlOGRAPin: 179 Cleveland ticket, and in 1890 was elected to represent his district in the fifty-second congress. This latter election is said to have been due entirely to Mr. Watson's "dash- ing display of ability, eloquence and popular power." In his later years he championed the alliance principles and policies until he became a leader in the movement. In the heated campaign of 1896, Mr. Watson was nominated as the candidate for vice-presi- dent on the Bryan ticket by that part of the People's party that would not endorse the nominee for the same position made by the Democratic party. FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, mathe- matician, physicist and educator, was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, May 5, 1809. He graduated from Yale College in 1828, and in 1830 became a tutor in the same. From 1837 to 1848 he was professor of mathe- matics and natural philosophy in the Uni- versity of Alabama, and from 1848 to 1850, professor of chemistry and natural history in the same educational institution. In 1854 he became connected with the Univer- sity of Mississippi, of which he became president in 1856, and chancellor in 1858. In 1854 he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1861 Professor Barnard resigned his chancellorship and chair in the university, and in 1863 and 1864 was con- nected with the United States coast survey in charge of chart printing and lithography. In May, 1864, he was elected president of Columbia College, New York City, which he served for a number of years. Professor Barnard received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Jefferson College, Mississippi, in 1855, and from Yale College in 1859; also the degree of S. T. D. from the University of Mississippi in 1861, and that of L. H. D. from the regents of the University of the State of New York in 1 872. In i860 he was a member of the eclipse party sent by the United States coast sur- vey to Labrador, and during his absence was elected president of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. la the act of congress establishing the National Academy of Sciences in 1863, he was named as one of the original corporators. In 1867 he was one of the United States commis- sioners to the Paris E.xposition. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, associate member of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, and many other philosophical and scientific societies at home and abroad. Dr. Barnard was thoroughly identified with the progress of the age in those branches. His published works relate wholly to scientific or educa- tional subjects, chief among which are the following: Report on Collegiate Education; Art Culture; History of the American Coast Survey; University Education; Undulatory Theory of Light; Machinery and Processes of the Industrial Arts, and Apparatus of the Exact Sciences, Metric System of Weights and Measures, etc. EDWIN McMASTERS STANTON, the secretary of war during the great Civil war, was recognized as one of America's foremost public men. He was born Decem- ber 19, 1 8 14, at Steubenville, Ohio, where he received his education and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1836, and was reporter of the supreme court of Ohio from 1842 until 1845. He removed to Washington in 1856 to attend to his prac- tice before the United States supreme court, and in 1858 he went to California as counsel for the government in certain land cases, which he carried to a successful conclusion. Mr. Stanton was appointed ISO COMPEXDIVM or lUOGRAPJ/V. attorney-general of the United States in December, i860, by President Buchanan. On March 4, 1861, Mr. Stanton went with the outKoing administration and returneil to the practice of his profession. He was appointed secretar>' of war by President Lincoln January 20, 1862, to succeed Simon Cameron. After the assassination of Presi- dent Lincoln and the accession of Johnson to the presidency, Mr. Stanton was still in the same office. He held it for three years, and by his strict adherence to the Repub- lican party, he antagonized President John- son, who endeavored to remove him. On August 5, 1867, the president requested him to resign, and appointed General Grant to succeed him, but. when congress convened in December the senate refused to concur in the suspension. Mr. Stanton returned to his post until the president again removed him from office, but was again foiled bj' congress. Soon after, however, he retired voluntarily from office and took up the practice of law, in which he engaged until his death, on December 24, 1869. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, the eminent theologian and founder of the church known as Disciples of Christ, was born in the country of Antrim, Ireland, in June, 1788, and was the son of Rev. Thomas Campbell, a Scoth-Irish "Seceder. " After studying at the University of Glasgow, he, in company with his father, came to America in 1808, and both began labor in western Pennsylvania to restore Christianity to apostolic simplicity. They organized a church at Brush Run, Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 181 1, which, however, the year following, adopted Baptist views, and in 1813. with other congregations joined a Baptist association. Some of the under- lying principles and many practices of the Campbells and their disciples were repug- nant to the Baptist church and considerable friction was the result, and 1827 saw the separation of that church from the Church of Christ, as it is sometimes called. The latter then reorganized themselves anew. They reject all creeds, professing to receive the Bible as their only guide. In most mat- ters of faith they are essentially in accord with the other Evangelical Christian churches, especially in regard to the person and work of Christ, the resurrection and judgment. They celebrate the Lords Supper weekly, hold that repentance and faith should precede baptism, attaching much importance to the latter ordinance. On all other points they encourage individual liberty of thought. In 1 841, Alexander Campbell founded Bethany College. West Virginia, of which he was president for many years, and died March 4, 1866. The denomination which they founded is quite a large and important church bodj' in the United States. They support quite a number of institutions of learning, among which are: Bethany College, West Virginia; Hiram College. Hiram. Ohio; Northwestern Christian University, Indianapolis. Indiana; Eureka College. Illinois; Kentucky Univer- sity. Lexington, Kentucky; Oskaloosa College, Iowa; and a number of seminaries and schools. They also support several monthly and quarterly religious periodicals and many papers, both in the United States and Great Britain and her dependencies. WILLIAM L.WILSON, the noted West Virginian, who was postmaster-gener- al under President Cleveland's second ad- ministration, won distinction as the father of the famous " Wilson bill," which became a law umlcr the same administration. Mr. 'wiisoii was born May 3. 1S43, in Jeffcr- COMPENnU'M OF BlOGRAPJir. 181 son county. West Virginia, and received a good education at the Charlestovvn Academy, where he prepared himself for college. He attended the Columbian Col- lege in the District of Columbia, from which he graduated in i860, and then attended the University of Virginia. Mr. Wilson served in the Confederate army dur- ing the war, after which he was a professor in Columbian College. Later he entered into the practice of law at Charlestown. He attended the Democratic convention held at Cincinnati in 1880, as a delegate. and later was chosen as one of the electors for the state-at-large on the Hancock ticket. In the Democratic convention at Chicago in 1892, Mr. Wilson was its per- manent president. He was elected pres- ident of the West Virginia University in 1882, entering upon the duties of his office on September 6, but having received the nomination for the forty-seventh congress on the Democratic ticket, he resigned the presidency of the university in June, 1883, to take his seat in congress. Mr. Wil- son was honored by the Columbian Uni- versity and the Hampden-Sidney College, both of which conferred upon him the de- gree of LL. D. In 1884 he was appointed regent of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington for two years, and at the end of his term was re-appointed. He was elected to the forty-seventh, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second and fifty- third congresses, but was defeated for re- election to the fifty-fourth congress. Upon the resignation of Mr. Bisseil from the office of postmaster-general, Mr. W^ilson was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy by President Cleveland. Hi.- many years of public serv- ice and the pro'.^i:!ent part he took in the discussion of public questions gave him a national reputation. CALVIN S. BRICE, a successful and noted financier and politician, was born at Denmark, Ohio, September 17, 1845, of an old Maryland family, who trace their lineage from the Bryces, or Braces, of Airth, Scotland. The father of our subject was a prominent Presbyterian clergyman, who removed to Ohio in 1812. Calvin S. Brice was educated in the common schools of his native town, and at the age of thir- teen entered the preparatory department of Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and the following year entered the freshman class. On the breaking out of the Civil war, although but fifteen years old, he enlisted in a company of three-months men. He re- turned to complete his college course, but re-enlisted in Company A, Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry, and served in the Virginia campaign. He then returned to college, from which he graduated in 1863. In 1S64 he organized Company E, One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Infantry, and served until the close of hostilities, in. the western armies. On big return home Mr. Brice entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and in 1 866 was admitted to the bar in Cincinnati. In the winter of 1870- 71 he went to Europe in the interests of the Lake Erie & Louisville Railroad and pro- cured a foreign loan. This road became the Lake Erie & Western, of which, in 1887, Mr. Brice became president. This was the first railroad in which he had a personal interest. The conception, build- ing and sale of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, known as the "Nickel Plate," was largely due to him. He was connected with many other railroads, among which may be mentioned the following: Chicago & Atlantic; Ohio Central; Rich- mond & Danville; Richmond & West Point 1S2 com/'j:\/>/im of n/oanA/'j/r Terminal; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia; Memphis & Charleston; Mobile & BirminRham; Kentucky Central; Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, and the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon. In 1S90 he was elected United States senator from Ohio. Notwithstanding his extensive business inter- ests. Senator Brice gave a considerable time to political matters, becoming one of the leaders of the Democratic party and one of the most widely known men in the country. BENJAMIN HARRISON, twenty-third president of the United States, was born August 20, 1833, at North Bend, Hamilton county, Ohio, in the house of his grandfather. General Williatn Henry Har- rison, afterwards president of the United States. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Harrison, was a member of the Continental congress, signed the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and was three times elected gov- ernor of Virginia. The subject of this sketch entered Farm- ers College at an early age, and two years later entered Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. Upon graduation he entered the office of Stover & Gwyne, of Cincinnati, as a law student. He was admitted to the bar two years later, and having inherited about eight hundred dollars worth of property, he married the daughter of Doctor Scott, pres- ident of a female school at Oxford, Ohio, and selected Indianapolis, Indiana, to begin practice. In i860 he was nominated by the Republicans as candidate for state supreme court reporter, and did his first political speaking in that campaign. He was elected, and after two years in that position he organized the Se\entieth Indi- ana Infantry, of which he was made colonel, and with his rcgini-'iii i..ii,.-,l (",,n,.rit sh,!. man's army. For bravery displayed at Re- saca and Peach Tree Creek he was made a brigadier-general. In the meantime the office of supreme court reporter had been declared vacant, and another party elected I to fill it. In the fall of 1S64. having been j nominated for that office. General Harrison obtained a thirty-day leave of absence, went ! to Indiana, canvassed the state and was elected. As he was about to rejoin his command he was stricken dosvn by an attack of fever. After his recovery he joined General Sherman's army and participated in the closing events of the war. In 1868 General Harrison declined to be a candidate for the office of supreme court reporter, and returned to the practice of the law. His brilliant campaign for the office of governor of Indiana in 1876, I brought him into public notice, although he was defeated. He took a prominent part I in the presidential canvass of 1880. and was \ chosen United States senator from Indiana, serving six years. He then returned to the practice of his profession. In 188S he was selected by the Republican convention at I Chicago as candidate for the presidency, and I after a heated campaign was elected over : Cleveland. He was inaugurated March 4, 1 1889, and signed the McKinley bill October i I, 1890. perhaps the most distinctive feature of his administration. In 1892 he was ! again the nominee of the Republican party for president, but was defeated by Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candidate, and j again resumed the practice of law in Indian- { apolis. JOHN CRAIG H.WEMEYER, the celebrated merchant and sugar refiner, was born in New York City in 1833. His ! father, William F. Havemeyer, and grand- f iiht-r, William Havemeyer. were both sugar COMPEXDIUM OF BIOG AW /'//]'. refiners. The latter named came from Buckeburg, German^', in 1799. and settled in New York, establishing one of the first refineries in that city. William F. succeeded his father, and at an early age retired from business with a competency. He was three times mayor of his native city, New York. John C. Havemeyer was educated in private schools, and was prepared for college at Columbia College grammar school. Owing to failing eyesight he was unable to finish his college course, and began his business career in a wholesale grocery store, where he remained two years. In 1854, after a year's travel abroad, he assumed the responsibility of the office work in the sugar refiner}- of Havemeyer & ^folter, but two years later etablished a refinery of his own in Brooklyn. This afterwards developed into the immense business of Havemeyer & Elder. The capital was furnished by his father, and, chafing under the anxiety caused by the use of borrowed money, he sold out his interest and returned to Havemeyer & Molter. This firm dissolving the next year, John C. declined an offer of partnership from the successors, not wishing to use borrowed money. For two years he remain- ed with the house, receiving a share of the profits as compensation. For some years thereafter he was engaged in the commission business, until failing health caused his retirement. In 1871, he again engaged in the sugar refining business at Greenport, Long Island, with his brother and another partner, under the firm name of Havemeyer Brothers & Co. Here he remained until 1880, when his health again declined. During the greater part of his life Mr. Havemeyer was identified with many benev- olent societies, including the New York Port Society, Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, American Bible Society, New York Sabbath School Society and others. He was active in Young Men's Christian Association work in New York, and organized and was the first president of an affiliated society of the same at Yonkers. He was director of several railroad corpo- rations and a trustee of the Continental Trust Company of New York. WALTER QUINTIN GRESHAM. an eminent American statesman and jurist, was born March 17, 1833, near Cory- don, Harrison county, Indiana. He ac- quired his education m the local schools of the county and at Bloomington Academy, akhough he did not graduate. After leav- ing college he read law with Judge Porter at Corydon, and just before the war he be- gan to take an interest in politics. Mr. Gresham was elected to the legislature from Harrison county as a Republican; previous to this the district had been represented by a Democrat. At the commencement of hostilities he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, but served in that regiment only a short time, when he was appointed colonel of the Fifty- third Indiana, and served under General Grant at the siege of Vicksburg as brigadier- general. Later he was under Sherman in the famous "March to the Sea," and com- manded a division of Blair's corps at the siege of Atlanta where he was so badly wounded in the leg that he was compelled to return home. On his way home he was forced to stop at New Albany, where he re- mained a year before he was able to leave. He was brevetted major-general at the close of the war. While at New Albany, Mr. Gresham was appointed state agent, his duty being to pay the interest on the state debt in New York, and he ran twice for I congress against ex-Speaker Iverr, but was 184 COMPEXDIIM OF BIOGRAPJir. defeated in both cases, although he greatly reduced the Democratic majority. He was held in hif^h esteem by President Grant, who offered him the portfolio of the interior but Mr. Gresham declined, but accepted the appointment of United States judge for Indiana to succeed David McDonald. Judge Gresham served on the United States district court bench until 1883, when he was appointed .postmaster-general by Presi- dent Arthur, but held that office only a few months when he was made secretary of the treasury. Near the end of President Arthur's term. Judge Gresham was ap- pointed judge of the United States circuit court of the district composed of Indiana, Illinois and contiguous states, which he held until i.*^93. Judge Gresham was one of the presidential possibilities in the National Re- publican convention in 1888, when General Harrison was nominated, and was also men- tioned for president in 1892. Later the People's party made a strenuous effort to induce him to become their candidate for president, he refusing the offer, however, and a few weeks before the election he an- nounced that he would support Mr. Cleve- land, the Democratic nominee for president. Upon the election of Mr. Cleveland in the fall of 1892, Judge Gresham was made the secretary of state, and filled that position until his death on May 28, 1895, at Wash- ington, District of Columbia. ELISHA B. ANDREWS, noted as an ed- ucator and college president, was born at Hinsdale, New Hampshire, January 10, 1844. his father and mother being Erastus and Elmira (Bartlett) Andrews. In 1861, he entered the service of the general gov- ernment as private and non-commissioned officer in the First Connecticut Heavy Ar- iill.Tv :uul in is^; vv;is promoted tt> tin- rank of second lieutenant. Returning home he was prepared for college at Powers In- stitute and at the Wesleyan Academy, and entered Brown University. From here he was graduated in 1870. For the succeeding two years he was principal of the Connecti- cut Literarj- Institute at Suffield, Connecticut. Completing a course at the Newton Theo- logical Institute, he was ordained pastor of the First Baptist church at Beverly, Massa- chusetts, July 2, 1874. The following year he became president of the Denison University, at Granville, Ohio. In 1879 he accepted the professorship of homiletics, pastoral duties and church polity at Newton Theological Institute. In 1882 he was elected to the chair of history and political economy at Brown University. The Uni- versity of Nebraska honored him with an LL. D. in 1884, and the same year Colby University conferred the degree of D. D. In 1888 he 'oecame professor of political economy and public economy at Cornell University, but the next year returned to Brown University as its president. From the time of his inauguration the college work broadened in many ways. Many timely and generous donations from friends and alumni of the college were influenced by him, and large additions made i:» jusiness of that road. WADE HAMPTON, a noted Confeder- ate officer, was born at Columbia. South Carolina, in 1 818. He graduated from the South Carolina College, took an active part in politics, and was twice elected to the legislature of his state. In 1861 he joined the Confederate army, and command- ed the " Hampton Legion " at the first bat- tle of Bull Run, in July. 1861. He did meritorious service, was wounded, and pro- moted to brigadier-general. He command- ed a brigade at Seven Pines, in 1862. and was again wounded. He was engaged in the battle of Antietam in September of the same year, and participated in the raid into Pennsylvania in October. In 1S63 he was with Lee at Gettysburg, where he was wounded for the third time. He was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and commanded a troop of cavalry in Lee's COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPlir. army during 1864, and was in numerous en- giigements. In 1865 he was in South Car- oHna, and commanded the cavalry rear guard of the Confederate army in its stub- born retreat before General Sherman on his advance toward Richmond. After the war Hampton took an active part in politics, and was a prominent figure at the Democratic national convention in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair for president and vice-president. He was governor of South Carolina, and took his seat in the United States senate in 1879, where he became a conspicuous figure in national affairs. NIKOLA TESLA, one of the most cele- brated electricians America has known, was born in 1857, at Smiljau, Lika, Servia. He descended from an old and representative family of that country. His father was a a minister of the Greek church, of high rank, while his mother was a woman of remarka- ble skill in the construction of looms, churns and the machinery required in a rural home. N.kola received early education in the public schools of Gospich, when he was sent to the higher "Real Schule" at Karl- stadt, where, after a three years' course, he graduated in 1S73. He devoted him- self to experiments in electricity and magnetism, to the chagrin of his father, who had destined him for the ministry, but giving way to the boy's evident genius he was allowed to continue his studies in the polytechnic school at Gratz. He in- herited a wonderful intuition which enabled him to see through the intricacies of ma- chinery, and despite his instructor's demon- stration that a dynamo could not be oper- ated without commutators or brushes, began experiments which finally resulted in his rotating field motors. After the study of languages at Prague and Buda-Pesth, he became associated with M. Puskas, who had introduced the telephone into Hungary. He invented several improvements, but being unable to reap the necessary benefit from them, he, in search of a wider field, went to Paris, where he found employment with one of the electric lighting companies as electrical, engineer. Soon he set his face westward, and coming to the United States for a time found congenial employment wfth Thomas A. Edison. Finding it impossible, overshadowed as he was, to carry out his own ideas he left the Edison works to join a company formed to place his own inven- tions on the market. He perfected his rotary field principle, adapting it to circuits then in operation. It is said of him that some of his proved theories will change the entire electrical science. It would, in an article of this length, be impossible to ex- plain all that Tesla accomplished for the practical side of electrical engineering. His discoveries formed the basis of the at- tempt to utilize the water power of Niagara Falls. His work ranges far beyond the vast department of polyphase currents and high potential lighting and includes many inventions in arc lighting, transformers, pyro and thermo- magnetic motors, new forms of incandescent lamps, unipolar dyna- mos and many others. CHARLES B. LEWIS won fame as an American humorist under the name of " M. Quad." It is said he owes his celebrity originally to the fact that he was once mixed up in a boiler explosion on the Ohio river, and the impressions he received from the event he set up from his case when he was in the composing room of an ob- scure Michigan paper. His style possesses a peculiar quaintness, and there runs mrougb 134 COMPEXDIL M OF niOGA'AJ'J/r. it a vein of philosophy. Mr. Lewis was born in 1844, near a town called Liverpool, Ohio. He was, however, raised in Lansing, Michigan, where he spent a year in an agri- cuitural college, going from there to the composing room of the "Lansing Demo- crat." At the outbreak of the war he en- listed in the service, remained during the entire war, and then returned to Lansing. The e.xplosion of the boiler that " blew him into fame," took place two years later, while he was on his way south. When he re- covered physically, he brought suit for dam- ages against the steamboat company, which he gained, and was awarded a verdict of twelve thousand dollars for injuries re- ceived. It was while he was employed by the " Jacksonian " of Pontiac, Mich., that he set up his account of how he felt while being blown up. He says that he signed it "M Quad," because "a bourgeoise em quad is useless except in its own line — it won't justify with any other type." Soon after, because of the celebrity he attained by this screed, Mr. Lewis secured a place on the staff of the " Detroit Free Press," and made for that paper a wide reputation. His sketches of the "Lime Kiln Club" and " Brudder Gardner" are perhaps the best known of his humorous writings. HIK.\M S. MAXIM, the famous inventor, was born in Sangersville, Maine, I'ebruary 5, 1 840, the son of Isaac \V. and Harriet li. Maxim. The town of his birth was but a small place, in the woods, on the confines of civilization, and the family endured many hardships. They were without means and entirely dependent on themselves to make out of raw materials all they needed. The mother was an expert spinner, weaver, dyer and seamstress and the father a trapper, tanner, miller, blacksmith, carpenter, mason and farmer. Amid such surroundings young Maxim gave early promise of remarkable aptitude. With the universal Yankee jack- knife the products of his skill excited the wonder and interest of the locality. His parents did not encourage his latent genius but apprenticed him to a coach builder. Four years he labored at this uncongenial trade but at the end of that time he forsook it and entered a machine shop at Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Soon mastering the details of that business and that of mechanical drawing, he went to Boston as the foreman of the philosophical instrument manufactory. From thence he went to New York and with the Novelty Iron Works Shipbuilding Co. he gained experience in those trades. His inventions up to this time consisted of improvements in steam engines, and an automatic gas machine, which came into general use. In 1877 he turned his attention to electricity, and in 1878 produced an incandescent lamp, that would burn 1,000 hours. He was the first to design a process for flashing electric carbons, and the first to "standardize" carbons for electric light- ing. In 1880 he visited Europe and exhibit- ing, at the Paris Exposition of 1881, a self- regulating machine, was decorated with the Legion of Honor. In 1883 he returned to London as the European representative of the United States Electric Light Co. An incident of his boyhood, in which the recoil of a rifle was noticed by him, and the apparent loss of power shown, in 188 1-2 prompted the invention of a gun which utilizes the recoil to automatically load and (ire seven hundred and seventy shots per minute. The Maxim- Nordenfelt Gun Co., with a capital of nine million dollars, grew from this. In 1883 he patented his electric training gear for large guns. And later turned his attention to fly- COMPENDIUM OF niOGRAP/ir. 195 ing machines, which he claimed were not an impossibility. He took out over one hundred patents for smokeless gunpowder, and for pe- troleum and other motors and autocycles. JOHN DAVISON ROCKEFELLER, one of America's very greatest financiers and philanthropists, was born in Richford, Tioga county. New York, July 8, 1839. He received a common-school education in his native place, and in 1853, when his parents removed to Cleveland, Ohio, he entered the high school of that city. After a two-years' course of diligent work, he entered the com- mission and forwarding house of Hewitt & Tuttle, of Cleveland, remaining with the firm some years, and then began business for himself, forming a partnership with Morris B. Clark. Mr. Rockefeller was then but nineteen j'ears of age, and during the year i860, in connection with others, they started the oil refining business, under the firm name of Andrews, Clark & Co. Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Andrews purchased the interest of their associates, and, after taking William Rockefeller into the firm, established offices in Cleveland under the name of William Rockefeller & Co. Shortly after this the house of Rockefeller & Co. was es- tablished in New York for the purpose of finding a market for their products, -and two years later all the refining companies were consolidated under the firm name of Rocke- feller, Andrews & Flagler. This firm was succeeded in 1870 by the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, said to be the most gigantic business corporation of modern times. John D. Rockefeller's fortune has been variously estimated at from one hun- dred million to two hundred million dollars. Mr. Rockefeller's philanthropy mani- fested itself principally through the American Baptist Educational Societj'. He donated the building for the Spelman Institute at Atlanta, Georgia, a school for the instruction of negroes. His other gifts were to the University of Rochester, Cook Academy, Peddie Institute, and Vassar College, be- sides smaller gifts to many institutions throughout the country. His princely do- nations, however, were to the University of Chicago. His first gift to this institution was a conditional offer of si.\ hundred thou- sand dollars in 1889, and when this amount was paid he added one million more. Dur- ing 1892 he made it two gifts of one million each, and all told, his donations to this one institution aggregated between seven and eight millions of dollars. JOHN M. PALMER.— For over a third kJ of a century this gentleman occupied a prominent place in the political world, both in the state of Illinois and on the broader platform of national issues. Mr. Palmer was born at Eagle Creek, Scott county, Kentucky, September 13. 18 17. The family subsequently removed to Christian county, in the same state, where he acquired a common-school education, and made his home until 183 1. His father was opposed to slavery, and in the latter year removed to Illinois and settled near Alton. In 1834 John entered Alton College, or- ganized on the manual-labor plan, but his funds failing, abandoned it and entered a cooper shop. He subsequently was en- gaged in peddling, and teaching a district school near Canton. In 1838 he began the study of law, and the following year re- moved toCarlinville, where, in December of that year, he was admitted to the bar. He was shortly after defeated for county clerk. In 1843 he was elected probate judge. In the constitutional convention of 1847, ^'f. Palmer was a delegate, and from 1849 to 100 coMrHXDiLM or jiJOGRArin: I&5I he was county judge. In 1852 he be- came a member of the state senate, but not being with his party on the slavery question he resigned that office in 1854. In 1856 Mr. Palmer was chairman of the first Re- publican state convention held in Illinois, and the same year was a delegate to the national convention. In 18C0 he was an elector on the Lincoln ticket, and on the breaking out of the war entered the service as colonel of the Fourteenth Illinois Infan- try, but w:is shortly after brevetted brigadier- general. In August, 1862, he organized the One Hundred and Twenty-second Illi- nois Infantry, but in September he was placed in command of the first division of the Army of the Mississippi, afterward was promoted to the rank of major-general. In 1865 he was assigned to the military ad- mii'istration in Kentucky. In 1867 General Palmer was elected governor of Illinois and STved four years. In 1872 he went with the Liberal Republicans, who supported Horace Greeley, after which time he was identified with the Democratic party. In 1890 he was elected United States senator from Illinois, and served as such for si.\ years. In 1S96, on the adoption of the sil- ver plank in the platform of the Democratic party. General Palmer consented to lead, as presidential candidate, the National Dem- 01 -^als, or Gold Democracy. WILLIAM H. BEARD, the humorist among American painters, was born at Painesville, Ohio, in 1821. His father. James H. Beard, was also a painter of na- tional reputation. William H. Beard be- gan his career as a traveling portrait painter. He pursued his studies in New York, and later removed to Buffalo, where he achieved reputation. He then wont ^^^ Italy and after a short stay returned to New York and opened a studio. One of his earliest paintings was a small picture called "Cat and Kittens, " which was placed in the National Academy onexhibition. Among his best productions are "Raining Cats and Dogs," "The Dance of Silenus," "Bears on a Bender," "Bulls and Bears," " Whoo!" " Grimalkin's Dream," " Little Red Riding Hood," "The Guardian of the Flag." His animal pictures convey the most ludicrous and satirical ideas, and the intelligent, human expression in their faces is most comical. Some artists and critics have re- fused to give Mr. Beard a place among the first circles in art, solely on account of the class of subjects he has chosen. WW. CORCORAN, the noted philan- throphist, was born at Georgetown, District of Columbia. December 27, 179S. At the age of twenty-five he entered the banking business in Washington, and in time became very wealthy. He was noted for his magnificent donations to char- ity. Oak Hill cemetery was donated to Georgetown in 1847, and ten years later the Corcoran Art Gallery, Temple of Art, was presented to the city of Washington. The uncompleted building was utilized by the government as quartermaster's headquar- ters during the war. The building was completed after the war at a cost of a mil- lion and a half dollars, all the gift of Mr. Corcoran. The Louise Home for Women is another noble charity to his credit. Its object is the care of women of gentle breed- ing who in declining years are without means of support. In addition to this he gave liberally to many worthy institutions of learning and charity. He died at Wash- ini^ton Ffbriiarv 2.\. i SSS. COMPEXDIi\^f OF UIOGRArnr. 197 ALBERT BIERSTADT, the noted paint- er of American landscape, was born in Dusseldorf, Germany, in 1829, and was brought to America by his parents at the age of two years. He received his early education here, but returned to Dusseldorf to study painting, and also went to Rome. On his return to America he accompanied Lander's expedition across the continent, in 1858, and soon after produced his most popular work, "The Rocky Mountains — Lander's Peak. " Its boldness and grandeur were so unusual that it made him famous. The picture sold for twenty-five thousand dollars. In 1867 Mr. Bierstadt went to Europe, with a government commission, and gathered materials for his great historic- al work. "Discovery of the North River by Hendrik Hudson." Others of his great works were "Storm in the Rocky Mount- ains," "Valley of the Yosemite," "North Fork of the Platte," "Diamond Pool," "Mount Hood," "Mount Rosalie," and "The Sierra Nevada Mountains." His "Estes Park' sold for fifteen thousand dollars, and "Mount Rosalie" brought thirty-five thousand dollars. His smaller Rocky mountain scenes, however, are vast- ly superior to his larger works in execution and coloring. ADDISON CAMMACK, a famous mill- ionaire Wall street speculator, was born in Kentucky. When sixteen years old he ran away from home and went to New Orleans, where he went to work in a ship- ping house. He outlived and outworked all the partners, and became the head of the firm before the opening of the war. At that time he htted out small vessels and en- gaged m running the blockade of southern ports and carrying ammunition, merchan- dise, etc., to the southern people. This made him a fortune. At the close of the war he quit business and went to New York. For two years he did not enter any active business, but seemed to be simply an on-looker in the great speculative center of America. He was observing keenly the methods and financial machinery, however, and when, in 1867, he formed a partnership with the popular Charles J. Osborne, the firm began to prosper. He never had an office on the street, but wandered into the various brokers' offices and placed his orders as he saw fit. In 1873 he dissolved his partnership with Osborne and operated alone. He joined a band of speculative conspirators known as the "Twenty-third party," and was the ruling spirit in that or- ganization for the control of the stock mar- ket. He was always on the • ' bear " side and the only serious obstacle he ever encoun- tered was the persistent boom in industrial stocks,- particularly sugar, engineered by James R. Keane. Mr. Cammack fought Keane for two years, and during tl:e time is said to have lost no less than two million dollars before he abandoned the fight. WALT. WHITMAN.— Foremost among the lesser poets of the latter part of the nineteenth century, the gentleman whose name adorns the head of this article takes a conspicuous place. Whitman was born at West Hills, Long Island, New York, May 13, 1809. In the schools of Brooklyn he laid the foundation of his education, and early in life learned the printer's trade. For a time he taught coun- try schools in his native state. In 1846-7 he was editor of the "Brooklyn Eagle," but in 1848-9 was on the editorial staff of the "Crescent," of New Orleans. He made an extended tour throughout the United States and Canada, and returned to m COMrEXDlCM OF lilOGRArnr. Brooklyn, where, in 1850, he published the "Freeman. " For some years succeeding •his he was engaged as carpenter and builder. During the Civil war. Whitman acted as a volunteer nurse in the hospitals at Washington and vicinity and from the close of hostilities until 1873 he was employed in various clerkships in the government offices in the nation's capital. In the latter year he was stricken with paralysis as a result of his labors in the hospital, it is said, and being partially disabled lived for many years at Camden. New Jersey. The first edition of the work which was to bring him fame, "Leaves of Grass, " was published in 1855 and was but a small volume of about ninety-four pages. Seven or eight editions of "Leaves of Grass" have been issued, each enlarged and enriched with new poems. "Drum Taps," at first a separate publication, has been incorporated with the others. This volume and one prose writing entitled " Specimen Days and Collect," constituted his whole work. Walt. Whitman died at Camden, New Jersey, March 26, 1S92. during the war as major-general command- ing the Home Guards. He died August 8, 1889. His son, Henry A. Dupont, also was a native of Delaware, and was born July 30, 1838. After graduating from West Point in 1 86 1, he entered the army as second lieutenant of engineers. Shortly after he was transferred to the Fifth Artillery as first lieutenant. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1864, serving in camp and garrison most of the time. He was in com- mand of a battery in the campaign of 1863-4. Aschief of artillery of the army of West Virginia, he figured until the close of the war, being in the battles of Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, besides many minor engagements. He afterward acted as instructor in the artillery school at Fortress Monroe, and on special duty at West Point. He resigned from the army March i, 1875. HENRY DUPONT, \yho became cele- brated as America's greatest manufact- urer of gunpowder, was a native of Dela- ware, born August 8, 1812. He received his education in its higher branches at the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated and entered the army as second lieutenant of artillery in 1833. In 1S34 he resigned and became proprietor of the e.xtensive gunpowder manufacturing plant that bears his name, near Wilmington. Delaware. His large business interests interfered with his tak- ing any active participation in political life, although for many years he served as adjutant-general of his native state, and WILLIAM DEERING, one of the fa- mous manufacturers of America, and also a philanthropist and patron of educa- tion, was born in Maine in 1826. His an- cestors were English, having settled in New England in 1634. Early in life it was Will- iam's intention to become a physician, and after completing his common-school educa- tion, when about eighteen years of age, he began an apprenticeship with a physician. A short time later, however, at the request of his father, he took charge of his father's business interests, which included a woolen mill, retail store and grist mill, after which he became agent for a dry goods commission house in Portland, where he was married. Later he becanie partner in the firm, and removed to New York. The business pros- pered, and after a ninnber of years, on ac- count of f.Tiling health, Mr. Deering sold his interest to his partner, a Mr. Milner. The COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. business has since made Mr. Milner a mill- ionaire many times over. A few years later Mr. Deering located in Chicago. His beginning in the manufacture of reapers, which has since made his name famous, was somewhat of an accident. He had loaned money to a man in that business, and in 1878 was compelled to buy out the business to protect his interests. The busi- ness developed rapidly and grew to immense proportions. The factories now cover sixty- two acres of ground and employ many thou- sands of men. JOHN McAllister schofield, an American general, was born in Chautau- qua county. New York, September 29, 1831. He graduated at West Point in 1853, and was for five years assistant professor of nat- ural philosophy in that institution. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service as major of the First Missouri Volunteers, and was ap- pointed chief of staff by General Lyon, under whom he fought at the battle of Wilson's Creek. In November, i86t, he was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the Missouri militia until November. 1862, and of the army of the frontier from that time until 1863. In 1862 he was made major-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1864 of the Department of the Ohio. During the campaign through Georgia General Scho- field was in command of the Twenty-third Army Corps, and was engaged in most of the fighting of that famous campaign. Novem- ber 30, 1864, he defeated Hood's army at Franklin, Tennessee, and then joined Gen- eral Thomas at Nashville. He took part in the battle of Nashville, where Hood's army was destroyed. In January, 1S65, he led his corps into North Carolina, captured Wilmington, fought the battle of Kingston, and joined General Sherman at Goldsboro March 22, 1865. He e.xecuted the details of the capitulation of General Johnston to Sherman, which practically closed the war. In June, 1868, General Schofield suc- ceeded Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war, but was the next year appointed major- general of the United States army, and order- ed to the Department of the Missouri. From 1870 to 1876 he was in command of the De- partment of the Pacific; from 1876 to 1881 superintendent of the West Point Military Academy; in 1883 he was in charge of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1886 of the division of the Atlantic. In 1888 he became general-in-chief of the United States army, and in February, 1895, was appoint- ed lieutenant-general by President Cleve- land, that rank having been revived by con- gress. In September, 1895, he was retired from active service. LEWIS WALLACE, an American gen- eral and famous author, was born i^. Brookville, Indiana, April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican war as first lieutenant of a company of Indiana Volunteers. After his return from Mexico he was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Covington and Crawfordsville, Indiana, until 1861. At the opening of the war he was appointed ad- jutant-general of Indiana, and soon after be- came colonel of the Eleventh Indiana Vol- unteers. He defeated a force of Confeder- ates at Roinney, West Virginia, and was made brigadier-general in September, 1861. At the capture of Fort Donelson in 1862 he commanded a division, and was engaged in the second day's fight at Shiloh. In 1863 his defenses about Cincinnati saved that city from capture by Kirby Smith. At Monoc- acy in July, 1S64, he was defeated, but 200 coMf/:x/>irAf or luoGRAi'iir. his resistance delayed the advance of Gen- eral Early and thus saved Washington from capture. General Wallace was a member of the court that tried the assassins of President Lincoln, and also of that before whom Cap- tain Henry Wirtz. who had charge of the Andersonviile prison, was tried. In 1881 General Wallace was sent as minister to Turkey. When not in official service he devoted much of his time to literature. Among his better known works are his "Fair God," "Ben Hur," "Prince of India." and a " Life of Benjamin Harrison." THOMAS FRANCIS B.WARD, an Ameri- ! can statesman and diplomat, was born I at Wilmington. Delaware. October 29. 1828. He obtained his education at an Episcopal academy at Flushing, Long Island, and after a short service in a mercantile house in New York, he returned to Wilmington and entered his father's law office to prepare himself for the practice of that profession. He was admitted to the bar in 185 1. He was appointed to the office of United States district attorney for the state of Delaware, serving one year. In 1 869 he was elected to the United States senate, and continuously represented his state in that body until 1SS5. and in 1881, when Chester A. Arthur entered the presidential chair. Mr. Bayard was chosen president pro tempore of the senate. He had also served on the famous electoral commission that decided the Hayes-Tilden contest in 1876-7. In 1885 President Cleve- land appointed Mr. Bayard secretary of state. At the beginning of Cleveland's sec- ond term, in 1893. Mr. Bayard was selected for the post of ambassador at the court of St. James. London, and was the first to hold that rank in American diplomacy, serving until the beginning of the McKinley admin- istration. The questions for adjustment at that time between the two governments were the Behring Sea controversy and the Venezuelan boundary question. He was very popular in England because of his tariff views, and because of his criticism of the protective policy of the United States in his public speeches delivered in London. Edinburgh and other places, he received, in March. 1896. a vote of censure in the lower house of congress. JOHN WORK GARRETT, for so many years at the head of the great Baltimore & Ohio railroad system, was born in Balti- more, Maryland, July 31, 1S20. His father, Robert Garrett, an enterprising merchant, had amassed a large fortune from a small beginning. The son entered Lafayette Col- lege in 1834. but left the following year and entered his father's counting room, and in 1839 became a partner. John W. Gar- rett took a great interest in the develop- ment of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. He was elected one of the directors in 1S57. and was its president from 1858 until his death. When he took charge of the road it was in an embarrassed condition, but j within a year, for the first time in its exist- ' ence. it paid a dividend, the increase in its net gains being $725,385- After the war. ! during which the road suffered much damage ' from the Confederates, numerous branches and connecting roads were built or acquired, until it reached colossal proportions. Mr. Garrett was also active in securing a regular line of steamers between Baltimore and Bremen, and between the same port and Liverpool. He was one of the most active trustees of Johns Hopkins University, and a j liberal contributor to the Young Mens ' Christian Association of Baltimore. He 1 died September 26, 1884. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPJIT. 201 Robert Garrett, the son of John W. Garrett, was born in Baltimore April 9, 1847, and graduated from Princeton in 1867. He received a business education in the banking house of his father, and in 1871 becama president of the Valley Railroad of Virginia. He was made third vice-presi- dent of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1879, and first vice-president in 188 1. He succeeded his father as president in 1884. Robert Garrett died July 29, 1896. CARL SCHURZ, a noted German-Ameri- can statesman, was born in Liblar, Prus- sia, March 2, 1829. He studied at the Uni- versity of Bonn, and in 1849 was engaged in an attempt to excite an insurrection at that place. After the surrende'r of Rastadt by the revolutionists, in the defense of which Schurz took part, he decided to emigrate to America. He resided in Philadelphia three years, and then settled in Watertown, Wis- consin, and in 1859 removed to Milwaukee, where he practiced law. On the organiza- tion of the Republican party he became a leader of the German element and entered the campaign for Lincoln in i860. He was appointed minister to Spain in 1861, but re- signed in December of that year to enter the army. He was appointed brigadier- general in 1862, and participated in the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Chancellorsviile. At Gettysburg he had temporary command of the Eleventh Army Corps, and also took part in the battle of Chattanooga. After the war he located at St. Louis, and in 1869 was elected United States sena- tor from Missouri. He supported Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872, and in the campaign of 1876, having removed to New York, he supported Hayes and the Re- publican ticket, and was appointed secre- tary of the interior in 1877. In 1881 he became editor of the "New York Evening Post," and in 1884 was prominent in his opposition to James G. Blaine, and became a leader of the "Mugwumps," thus assist- ing in the election of Cleveland. In the presidential campaign of 1896 his forcible speeches in the interest of sound money wielded an immense influence. Mr. Schurz wrote a "Life of Henry Clay," said to be the best biography ever published of that eminent statesman. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS, an American statesman of national reputation, was born in Richmond, Vermont, February i, 1828. His education was obtained in the public schools and from the instructions of a private tutor. He was admitted to the bar, practiced law, and served in the state legislature from iS54to 1859, during three years of that time being speaker of the lower house. He was elected to the state senate and acted as president pro tempore of that body in 1861 and 1862. He became promi- nent for his activity in the impeachment proceedings against President Johnson, and was appointed to the United States senate to fill out the une.xpired term of Solomon Foot, entering that body in 1866. He was re-elected to the senate four times, and served on the electoral commission in 1877. He became president pro tempore of the senate after the death of President Garfield, and was the author of the bill which put an end to the practice of polygamy in the ter- ritory of Utah. In November, 1 89 1, owing to impaired health, he retired from the sen- ate and again resumed the practice of law. LUCIUS Q. C. LAMAR, a prominent political leader, statesman and jurist, was born in Putnam county, Georgia, Sep- "202 LOMI'EXDILM OF BlOGRAI'Iir temberj;, 1825. He graduated from Emory College in 1845, studied law at Macon under Hon. A. H. Chappell, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. He moved to Oxford, Mississippi, in 1849, and was elected to a professorship in the State University. He resigned the next year and returned to Cov- ington. Georgia, and resumed the practice of law. In 1853 he was elected to the Georgia Legislature, and in 1854 he removed to his plantation in Lafayette county, Mis- sissippi, and was elected to represent his district in the thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth congresses. He resigned in i860, and was sent as a delegate to the secession conven- tion of the state. He entered the Confed- erate service in 1861 as lieutenant-colonel of the Nineteenth Regiment, and was soon after made colonel. In 1863 President Davis appointed him to an important diplo- matic mission to Russia. In 1866 he was elected professor of political economy and social science in the State University, and was soon afterward transferred to the pro- fessorship of the law department. He rep- resented his district in the forty-third and forty-fourth congresses, and was elected United States senator from Mississippi in 1877, and re-elected in 1882. In 1885, be- fore the expiration of his term,, he was appointed by President Cleveland as secre- tary of the interior, which position he held until his appoiiit-ricnt as associate justice of the United States supreme court, in 1888, in which capacity he served until his death, January 23, 1894. where he secured employment in a printing office, and from there he went to Demerara, Guiana, where he was employed as a com- positor in 1835 37. In 1840 he became connected with the "Boston Post," and acquired quite a reputation as a humorist by his "Sayings of Mrs. Partington." He remained as editor of the paper until 1850, when he printed and edited a paper of his own called the "Pathfinder," which he con- tinued until 1852. Mr. Shillaber be- came editor and proprietor of the "Carpet Bag," which he conducted during 1850-52, and then returned to the "Boston Post," with which he was connected until 1856. During the same time he was one of the editors of the "Saturday livening Gazette," and continued in this line after he severed his connection with the "Post," for ten years. After 1866 Mr. Shillaber wrote for various newspapers and periodicals, and during his life published the following books: "Rhymes with Reason and Without," "Poems, ' "Life and Sayings of Mrs. Part- ington," "Knitting Work," and others. His death occurred at Chelsea, Massachu- setts, November 25, 1890. Bi:nj.\min penhallow shilla- BliK won fame in the world of humorists iiiuier the name of "Mrs. Parting- ton." He was born in 1 841 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and started out in life as a printer. Mr. Shillaber went to Dover, EASTMAN JOHNSON stands first among painters of American country life. He was born in Lovell. Maine, in 1S24, and be- gan his work in drawing at the age of eight- een years. His first works were portraits, and, as he took up his residence in Wash- ington, the most famous men of the nation were his subjects. In 1S46 he went to Bos- ton, and there made crayon portraits of Longfellow, Emerson, Sunmer, Hawthorne and other noted men. In 1S49 he went to Europe. He studied at Dusseldorf, Ger- many; spent a year at the Royal Academy, and thence to The Hague, where he spent four years, producing there his first pictures COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPHY. of consequence, "The Card-Players " and "The Savoyard. " He then went to Paris, but was called home, after an absence from America of six years. He lived some time in Washington, and then spent two years among the Indians of Lake Superior. In 1S5S he produced his famous picture, "The Old Kentucky Home." He took up his permanent residence at New York at that time. His "Sunday Morning in Virginia" is a work of equal merit. He was espe- cially successful in coloring, a master of drawing, and the expression conveys with precision the thought of the artist. His portrayal of family life and child life is un- equalled. Among his other great works are "The Confab," "Crossing a Stream,' "Chimney Sweep," "Old Stage Coach," "The New Bonnet," " The Drummer Boy," "Childhood of Lincoln," and a great vari- ety of equally familiar subjects. PIERCE GUST AVE TOUTANT BEAU- REGARD, one of the most distin- guished generals in the Confederate army, was born near New Orleans, Louisiana, May 28, 181 8. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1838, and was made second lieutenant of engineers. He was with General Scott in Mexico, and dis- tinguished himself at Vera Cruz,- Cerro Gordo, and the battles near the City of Mexico, for which he was twice brevetted. After the Mexican war closed he was placed in charge of defenses about New Orleans, and in i860 was appointed superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He held this position but a few months, when he resigned February 20, 1 861, and accepted a commission of briga- dier-general in the Confederate army. He directed the attack on Fort Sumter, the first engagement of the Civil war. He was 12 in command of the Confederates at the first battle of Bull Run, and for this victory was made general. In 1862 he was placed in command of the Army of the Mississippi, and planned the attack upon General Grant at Shiloh, and upon the death of General Johnston he took command of the army and was only defeated by the timely arrival of General Buell with reinforcements. He commanded at Charleston and successfully defended that city against the combined at- tack by land and sea in 1863. In 1864 he was in command in Virginia, defeating Gen- eral Butler, and resisting Grant's attack upon Petersburg until reinforced from Rich- mond. During the long siege which fol- lowed he was sent to check General Sher- man's march to the sea, and was with Gen- eral Joseph E. Johnston when that general surrendered in 1865. After the close of the war he was largely interested in railroad management. In 1866 he was offered chief command of the Army of Roumania, and in 1869, that of the Army of Egypt. He de- clined these offers. His death occurred February 20, 1893. HENRY GEORGE, one of America's most celebrated political economists, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1839. He received acommon- school education and entered the high school in 1853, and then went into a mer- cantile office. He made several voyages on the sea, and settled in California in 1858. He then worked at the printers trade for a number of years, which he left to follow the editorial profession. He edited in succession several daily newspapers, and attracted at- tention by a number of strong essays and speeches on political and social questions. In 1 87 1 he edited a pamphlet, entitled " Oui Land and Policy," in which he outlined a 204 COM/'/:\/)/L.\f OF BIOGRAl'lir. iicory, which has since made him so widely | known. This was developed in " Process and Poverty, " a book which soon attained a . iart;e circulation on both sides of tlie Atlan- tic, which has been extensively translated. In 1880 Mr. George located in New York, where he made his home, though he fre- quently addressed audiences in Great Britain, Ireland. Australia, and throughout the United States. In 1 886 he was nominated by the labor organizations for mayor of New York, and made a campaign notable for its development of unexpected power. In 1887 he was candidate of the Union Labor party for secretary of state of New York. These cam- paigns served to formulate the idea of a single tax and popularize the Australian ballot sys- tem. Mr. George became a free trader in 1888. and in 1892 supported the election of Grover Cleveland. His political and eco- nomic ideas, known as the "single tax," nave a large and growing support, but are not confined to this country alone. He wrote numerous miscellaneous articles in support of his principles, and also published: ••The Land Question," "Social Problems." "Protection or Free Trade." "The Condi- tion of Labor, an Open Letter to Pope Leo XIII.." and " Perplexed Philosopher." THOMAS ALEXANDER SCOTT. —This name is indissolubly connected with the history and development of the railway systems of the United States. Mr. Scott was born December 28, 1823, at London. Franklin county. Pennsylvania. He was first regularly employed by Major James Patton, the collector of tolls on the state road be- tween Philadelphia and Columbia, Penn- sylvania. He entered into the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1850, and went through all the different branches of work until he had mastered all the details of the office work, and in 1858 he was ap- pointed general superintendent. Mr. Scott was the next year chosen vice-president of the road. This position at once brought him before the public, and the enterprise and ability displayed by him in its manage- ment marked him as a leader among the railroad men of the country. At the out- break of the rebellion in 1S61, Mr. Scott was selected by Governor Ciirtin as a mem- ber of his staff, and placed in charge of the equipment and forwarding of the state troops to the seat of war. On April 27. 1861. the secretary of war desired to establish a new line of road between the national capital and Philadelphia, for the more expeditious transportation of troops. He called upon Mr. Scott to direct this work, and the road by the way of Annapolis and Perryville was completed in a marvelously short space of time. On May 3, i86i, he was commis- sioned colonel of volunteers, and on the 23d of the same month the government railroads and telegraph lines were placed in his charge. Mr. Scott was the first assistant secretary of war ever appointed, and he took charge of this new post August i, 1861. In Janu- ary, 1862, he was directed to organize transportation in the northwest, and in March he performed the same ser\ ice on the western rivers. He resigned June i, 1862, and resumed his direction of affairs on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Colonel Scott directed the policy that secured to his road the control of the western roads, and be- came the president of the new company to operate these lines in 1871. For one year, from March, 1871. he was president of the Union Pacific Railroad, and m 1874 he suc- ceeded to the presidency of the Pennsyl- vania Company. He projected the Texas Pacific Railroad and was for many years its president. Colonel Scott's health failed COMPEXDJiM OF BIOGRAPHT. 205 him and he resigned the presidency of the road June i, 1880, and died at his home in Darby, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1881. ROBERT TOOMBS, an American states- man of note, was born in Wilkes coun- ty, Georgia, July 2, 1810. He attended the Uni%'ersity of Georgia, and graduated from Union College. Schenectady, New York, and then took a law course at the University of Virginia. In 1830, before he had attained his majority, he was admitted to the bar by special act of the legislature, and rose rapidly in his profession, attracting the attention of the leading statesmen and judges of that time. He raised a volunteer company for the Creek war. and served as captain to the close. He was elected to the slate legislature in 1837. re-elected in 1842, and in 1S44 was elected to congress. He had been brought up as a Jeffersonian Democrat, but voted for Harrison in 1840 and for Clay in 1844. He made his first speech in congress on the Oregon question, and immediately took rank with the greatest debaters of that body. In 1853 he was elected to the United States senate, and again in 1859, but when his native state seceded he resigned his seat in the senate and was elected to the Confederate con- gress. It is stated on the best authority that had it not been for a misunderstanding which could not be explained till too late he would have been elected president of the Confederacy. He was appointed secretary of state by President Davis, but resigned after a few months and was commissioned brigadier-general in the Confederate army. He won distinction at the second battle of Bull Run and at Sharpsburg, but resigned his commission soon after and returned to Georgia. He organized the militia of Georgia to resist Sherman, and was made brigadier-general of the state troops. He left the country at the close of the war and did not return until 1867. He died Decem- ber 15, 1885. AUSTIN CORBIN, one of the greatest railway magnates of the United States, was born July 11, 1827, at Newport, New Hampshire. He studied law with Chief Justice Gushing and Governor Ralph Met- calf, and later took a course in the Harvard Law School, where he graduated in 1849. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law, with Governor Metcalf as his partner, until October 12, 1851. Mr. Corbin then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he re- mained until 1865. In 1854 he was a part- ner in the banking firm of Macklot & Cor- bin, and later he organized the First Na- tional bank of Davenport, Iowa, which commenced business June 29, 1863, and which was the first national bank open for business in the United States. Mr. Corbin sold out his business in the Davenport bank, and removed to New York in 1865 and com- menced business with partners under the style of Corbin Banking Company. Soon after his removal to New York he became interested in railroads, and became one of the leading railroad men of the country. The development of the west half of Coney Island as a summer resort first brought him into general prominence. He built a rail- road from New York to the island, and built great hotels on its ocean front. He next turned his attention to Long Island, and secured all the railroads and consoli- dated them under one management, became president of the system, and under his con- trol Long Island became the great ocean suburb of New York. His latest public achievement was the rehabilitation of the Reading Railroad, of Pennsylvania, and 2CMJ CUM/'EXDJLM OF lilOGIiAl' U V. during the same time he and his friends purchased the controlling interest of the New Jersey Central Railroad. He took it out of the hands of the receiver, and in three years had it on a dividend-paying basis. Mr. Corbin's death occurred June 4. 1896. JAMES GORDON BENNETT. Sr.. was one of the greatest journalists of America in his day. He was born Septem- ber I, 1795. at New Mill, near Keith, Scot- land. At the age of fourteen he was sent to Aberdeen to study for the priesthood, but, convinced that he was mistaken in his vocation, he determined to emigrate. He landed at Halifax. Nova Scotia, in 18 19, where he attempted to earn a living by teaching bookkeeping. Failing in this he went to Boston and found employment as a proof reader. Mr. Bennett went to New York about 1822 and wrote for the news- papers. Later on he became assistant editor in the office of the "Charleston Courier.'but returned to New York in 1824 and endeavored to start a commercial school, but was unsuccessful in this, and again returned to newspaper work. He continued in newspaper work with varying success until, at his suggestion, the "En- quirer" was consolidated with another paper, and became the "Courier and En- quirer," with James Watson Webb as editor and Mr. Bennett for assistant. At this time this was the leading American newspaper. He, however, severed his con- nection with this newspaper and tried, without success, other ventures in the line of journalism until May 6, 1835, when he issued the first number of the "New York Herald." Mr. Bennett wrote the entire paper, and made up for lack of news by his own imagination. The paper became popu- lar, and in 1838 he engaged European jour- nalists as regular correspondents. In 1841 the income derived from his paper was at least one hundred thousand dollars. Dur- ing the Civil war the " Herald " had on its staff sixty-three war correspondents and the circulation was doubled. Mr. Bennett was interested with John W. Mackay in that great enterprise which is now known as the Mac- kay-Bennett Cable. He had collected for use in his paper over fifty thousand biographies, sketches and all manner of information re- garding every well-known man, which are still kept in the archives of the "Herald" office. He died in the city of New York in 1872, and left to his son, James Gordon, Jr., one of the greatest and most profitable journals in the United States, or even in the world. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, a noted American, won distinction in the field of literature, in which he attained a world-wide reputation. He was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 29, 1809. He received a collegiate education and grad- uated from Harvard in 1829, at the age of twenty, and took up the study of law and later studied medicine. Dr. Holmes at- tended several years in the hospitals of Europe and received his degree in 1836. He became professor of anatomy and phys- iology in Dartmouth in 1838, and re- mained there until 1847, when he was called to the Massachusetts Medical School at Boston to occupy the same chair, which position he resigned in 1882. The first collected edition of his poems appeared in 1836, and his "Phi Beta Kappa Poems," "Poetry," in 1836; "Terpsichore," in 1843; "Urania," in 1846, and "Astra;a," won for him many fresh laurels. His series of papers in the "Atlantic Monthly," were: coyrPENDiu.\r of BioGRAi'in'. 207 "Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," "Pro- fessor at the Breakfast Table," "Poet at the Breakfast Table," and are a series of masterly wit, humor and pathos. Among his medical papers and addresses, are: "Cur- rents and Counter-currents in the Medical Science," and "Borderland in Some Prov- inces of Medical Science." Mr. Holmes edited quite a number of works, of which we quote the following: "Else Venner," "Songs in Many Keys," "Soundings from the Atlantic," "Humorous Poems," "The Guardian Angel," "Mechanism in Thoughts and Morals," "Songs of Many Seasons," "John L. Motley" — a memoir, "The Iron Gate and Other Poems," "Ralph Waldo Emerson," "A Moral Antipathy." Dr. Holmes visited England for the second time, and while there the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Edinburgh. His death occurred October 7. 1894- RUFUS CHOATE, one of the most em- inent of America's great lawyers, was born October i, 1799, at Essex, Massachu- setts. He entered Dartmouth in 18 15, and after taking his degree he remained as a teacher in the college for one year. He took up the study of law in Cambridge, and subsequently studied under the distinguished lawyer, Mr. Wirt, who was then United States attorney-general at Washington. Mr. Choatebegan the practice of law in Danvers, Massachusetts, and from there he went to Salem, and afterwards to Boston, Massa- chusetts. While living at Salem he was elected to congress in 1832, and later, in 1841, he was chosen United States senator to succeed Daniel Webster, Mr. Webster having been appointed secretary of state under William Henry Harrison. After the death of Webster. Mr- Choate was the acknowledged leader of the Massa- chusetts bar, and was looked upon by the younger members of the profession with an affection that almost amounted to a rever- ence. Mr. Choate's powers as an orator were of the rarest order, and his genius made it possible for him to enchant and in- terest his listeners, even while discussing the most ordinary theme. He was not merely eloquent on the subjects that were calculated to touch the feelings and stir the passions of his audience in themselves, but could at all times command their attention. He re- tired from active life in 1858, and was on his way to Europe, his physician having ordered a sea voyage for his health, but had only reached Halifax, Nova Scotia, when he died, July 13. 1858. D WIGHT L. MOODY, one of the most noted and effective pulpit orators and evangelists America has produced, was born in Northfield, Franklin county, Massachu- setts, February 5, 1837. He received but a meager education and worked on a farm until seventeen years of age, when he be- came clerk in a boot and shoe store in Boston. Soon after this he joined the Con- gregational church and went to Chicago, where he zealously engaged in missionary work among the poor classes. He met with great success, and in less than a year he built up a Sunday-school which numbered over one thousand children. When the war broke out he became connected with what was known as the "Christian Com- mission," and later became city missionary of the Young Men's Christian Association at Chicago. A church was built there for his converts and he became its unordained pas- tor. In the Chicago fire of 1871 the church and Mr. Moody's house and furniture, which had been given him, were destroyed. The COM r ESDI I M OF B/OGh\l/'//r. church edifice was afterward replaced by a new church erected on the site of the old one. In 1873, accompanied by Ira D. Sankey, Mr. Moody went to Europe and excited great reh'gious awakenings through- out England, Ireland and Scotland. In 1875 they returned to America and held large meetings in various cities. They afterward made another visit to Great Britain for the same purpose, meeting with great success, returning to the United States in 18S4. Mr. Moody afterward continued his evangelistic work, meeting everywhere with a warm reception and success. Mr. Moody produced a number of works, some of which had a wide circulation. JOHN PIERPONT MORGAN, a financier of world-wide reputation, and famous as the head of one of the largest banking houses in the world, was born April 17, 1837, at Hartford, Connecticut. He re- ceived his early education in the English high school, in Boston, and later supple- mented this with a course in the University of Gnttingen, Germany. He returned to the United States, in 1857, and entered the banking firm of Duncan, Sherman & Co., of New York, and, in i860, he became agent and attorney, in the United States, for George Peabody & Co., of London. He became the junior partner in the banking firm of Dabney, Morgan & Co., in 1864, and that of Dre.xel, Morgan & Co., in 1871. This house was among the chief negotiators of railroad bonds, and was active in the re- organization of the West Shore Railroad, and its absorption by the New York Central Railroad. It was conspicuous in the re- organization of the Philadelphia & Read- ing Railroad, in 18.S7, which a syndicate of capitalists, formed by Mr. Morgan, placed on a sound financial basis. After that time many other lines of railroad and gigantic financial enterprises were brought under Mr. Morgan's control, and in some respects it may be said he became the foremost financier of the century. THOMAS BRACKETT REED, one of the most eminent of American states- men, was born October 18. 1839, at Port- land. Maine, where he received his early education in the common schools of the city, and prepared himself for college. Mr. Reed graduated from Bowdoin College in i860, and won one of the highest honors of the college, the prize for excellence in Eng- lish composition. The following four years were spent by him in teaching and in the study of law. Before his admission to the bar, however, he was acting assistant pay- master in the United States navy, and served on the "tin-clad " Sybil, which pa- trolled the Tennessee, Cumberland and Mississippi rivers. After his discharge in 1865, he returned to Portland, was admit- ted to the bar, and began the practice of his profession. He entered into political life, and in 186S was elected to the legislature of Maine as a Republican, and in 1S69 he was re-elected to the house, and in 1870 was made state senator, from which he passed to attorney-general of the state. He retired from this office in 1873, and until 1877 he was solicitor for the city of Portland. In 1876 he was elected to the forty-fifth congress, which assembled in 1877. Mr. Reed sprung into prominence in that body by one of the first speeches which he delivered, and his long service in congress, coupled with his ability, gave him a national reputation. His influence each year became more strongly marked, and the leadership of his party was finally conceded to him, and in the forty-ninth and fiftieth COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAriir. congresses the complimentary nomination for the speakership was tendered him by the Republicans. That party having obtained tlie ascendency in the fifty-first congress he was elected speaker on the first ballot, and he was again chosen speaker of the fifty- fourth and fifth-fifth congresses. As a writer, Mr. Reed contributed largely to the magazines and periodicals, and his book upon parliamentary rules is generally rec- ognized as authority on that subject. CL.ARA BARTON is a celebrated char- acter among what might be termed as the highest grade of philanthropists Amer- ica has produced. She was born on a farm at Oxford, Massachusetts, a daughter of Captain Stephen Barton, and was educated at Clinton, New York. She engaged in teaching early in life, and founded a free school at Bordentown, the first in New Jer- sey. She opened with si.x pupils, but the attendance had grown to six hundred up to 1854. when she went to Washington. She was appointed clerk in the patent depart- ment, and remained there until the out- break of the Civil war, when she resigned her position and devoted herself to the al- leviation of the sufferings of the soldiers, serving, not in the hospitals, but on the bat- tle field. She was present at a number of battles, and after the war closed she origi- nated, and for some time carried on at her own expense, the search for missing soldiers. She then for several years devoted her time to lecturing on "Incidents of the War." About 1868 she went to Europe for her health, and settled in Switzerland, but on the outbreak of the Franco-German war she ac- cepted the invitation of the grand duchess of Baden to aid in the establishment of her hospitals, »r:d Miss Barton afterward fol- lowed the German army She was deco- rated with the golden cross by the grand duke of Baden, and with the iron cross by the emperor of Germany. She also served for many years as president of the famous Red Cross Society and attamed a world- wide reputation. CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS, one of the most eminent Catholic clergymen in America, was born in Baltimore. Mary- land, July 23, 1834. He was given a thorough education, graduated at St. Charles College, Maryland, in 1857. and studied theology in St. Marj''s Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland. In 1861 he became pastor of St. Bridget's church in Baltimore, and in 1868 was consecrated vicar apostolic of North Carolina. In 1872 our subjeci be- came bishop of Richmond, Virginia, and five years later was made archbishop of Bal- timore. On the 30th of June, 1886, he was admitted to the full degree of cardinal and primate of the American Catholic church. He was a fluent writer, and his book, "Faith of Our Fathers,' had a wide circulation. CHAUNCEY MITCHELL DEPEW.— This name is, without doubt, one of the most widely known in the United States. Mr. Depew was born April 23, 1834, at Peekskill, New York, the home of the Depew family for two hundred years. He attended the common schools of his native place, where he prepared himself to enter college. He began his collegiate course at Yale at the age of eighteen and graduated in 1856. He early took an active interest in politics and joined the Republican party at its for- mation. He then took up the study of law and went into the office of the Hon. Will- iam Nelson, of Peekskill, for that purpose, and in 1858 he was admitted to the bar. 210 COM J'/:. \D/ CM OF DIOC.liArHr He was sent as a delegate by the new party to ttie Republican state convention of that year. He began the practice of his profes- sion in 1859, but though he was a good worker, his attention was detracted by thn campaign of i860, in which he took an act- ive part. During this campaign he gained his first laurels as a public speaker. Ntr. Depew was elected assemblyman in 1862 from a Democratic district. In 1863 he se- cured the nomination for secretary of state, and gained that post by a majority of thirty thousand. In 1866 he left the field of pol- itics and entered into the active practice of his law business as attorney for the New York & Harlem Railroad Company, and in 1869 when this road was consoli- dated with the New York Central, and called the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, he was appointed the attor- ney for the new road. His rise in the rail- road business was rapid, and ten years after his entrance into the Vanderbilt system as attorney for a single line, he was the gen- eral counsel for one of the largest railroad systems in the world. He was also a director in the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Michigan Central, Chicago & Northwestern, St. Paul & Omaha, West Shore, and Nickel Plate railroad companies. In 1874 Mr. Depew was made regent of the State University, and a member of the commission appointed to superintend the erection of the capitol at Albany. In 1882, on the resignation of W. H. Vanderbilt from the presidency of the New York Cen- tral and the accession to that office by James H. Rutter. Mr. Depew was made second vice-president, and held that posi- tion until the death of Mr. Rutter in 1885. In this year Mr. Depew became the execu- tive head of this great corporation. Mr. Depew's greatest fame grew from his ability and eloquence as an orator and " after-din- ner speaker, " and it has been said by emi- nent critics that this country has never pro- duced his equal in wit, fluency and eloquence. PHILIP KEARNEY.— Among the most dashing and brilliant commanders in the United States service, few have outshone the talented officer whose name heads this sketch. He was born in New York City, June 2, 18 1 5, and was of Irish ancestry and imbued witli all the dash and bravery of the Celtic race. He graduated from Columbia College an! studied law, but in 1837 ac- cepted a commission as lieutenant in the First United States Dragoons, of which his uncle, Stephen W. Kearney, was then colo- nel. He was sent by the government, soon after, to Europe to examine and report upon the tactics of the French cavalry. There he attended the Polytechnic School, at Samur. and subsequently served as a vol- unteer in Algiers, winning the cross of the Legion of Honor. He returned to the United States in 1840. and on the staff of General Scott, in the Mexican war. served with great gallantry. He was made a cap- tain of dragoons in 184^ and made major for services at Contreras and Cherubusco. In the final assault on the City of Mexico at the San Antonio Gate, Kearney lost an arm. He subsequently served in California and the Pacific coast. In 185 i he resigned his commission and went to Europe, where he resumed his military studies. In the Italian war, in 1859, he served as a volun- teer on the staff of General Maurier, of the French army, and took part in the battles of Solferino and Magenta, and for bravery was, for the second time, decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor. On the opening of the Civil war he hastened home, and, offering his services to the general gov- coMPEXDir.u or B/OGRAriir. 211 ernn^-ent, was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of a bri- gade of New Jersey troops. In the cam- paign under McClellan he commanded a di- vision, and at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks his services were valuable and brilliant, as well as in subsequent engagements. At Harrison's Landing he was made major-gen- eral of volunteers. In the second battle of Bull Run he was conspicuous, and at the battle of Chantilly, September i, 1862, while leading in advance of his troops, Gen- eral Kearney was shot and killed. RUSSELL S.\GE, one of the financial giants of the present century and for more than an average generation one of the most conspicuous and celebrated of Ameri- cans, was born in a frontier hamlet in cen- tral New York in August, 1816. While Rus- sell was still a boy an elder brother, Henry Risley Sage, established a small grocery store at Troy, New York, and here Russell found his first employment, as errand boy. He served a five-years apprenticeship, and then joined another brother, Elisha M. Sage, in a new venture in the same line, which proved profitable, at least for Russell, who soon became its sole owner. Next he formed the partnership of Sage & Bates, and greatly extended his field of operations. At twenty-five he had, by his own exertions, amassed what was, in those days, a consid- erable fortune, being worth about seventy- five thousand dollars. He had acquired an influence in local politics, and four years later his party, the Whigs, elected him to the aldermanic board of Troy and to the treasuryship of Rensselaer county. In 1848 he was a prominent member of the New York delegation to the Whig convention at Philadelphia, casting his first votes for Henry Clay, but joining the "stampede" which nominated Zachary Taylor. In 1850 the Whigs of Troy nominated him for congress, but he was not elected — a failure which he retrieved two years later, and in 1854 he was re-elected by a sweeping majority. At Washington he ranked high in influence and ability. Fame as a speaker and as a polit- ical leader was within his grasp, when he gave up public life, declined a renomination to congress, and went back to Troy to de- vote himself to his private business. Six years later, in 1863, he removed to New York and plunged into the arena of Wall street. A man of boundless energy and tireless pertinacity, with wonderful judg- ment of men and things, he soon took his place as a king in finance, and, it is said, during the latter part of his life he con- trolled more ready money than any other single individual on this continent. ROGER QUARLES MILLS, a noted United States senator and famous as the father of the ' ' Mills tariff bill, " was born in Todd county, Kentucky, March 30, 1832. He received a liberal education in the com- mon schools, and removed to Palestine, Texas, in 1849. He took up the study of law, and supported himself by serving as an assistant in the post-office, and in the offices of the court clerks. In 1850 he was elected engrossing clerk of the Texas house of rep- resentatives, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar, while still a minor, by special act of the legislature. He then settled at Cor- sicana, Texas, and began the active prac- tice of his profession. He was elected to the state legislature in 1859, and in 1872 he was elected to congress from the state at large, as a Democrat. After his first elec- tion he was continuously returned to con- gress until he resigned to accept the posi- tion of United States senator, to which he 212 COMJ'J-.ADJL M Ul- UJUURAfltr. \v..s elcLi.d March 23. 1892, to succeed Hun. Horace Chilton. He took his seat in the senate March 30. 1892; was afterward re-elected and ranked among the most use- ful and prominent members of that body. In 1876 he opposed the creation of the elec- toral commission, and in 1887 canvassed the state of Texas against the adoption of a prohibition amendment to its constitution, which was defeated. He introduced into the house of representatives the bill that was known as the "Mills Bill," reducing duties on imports, and extending the free list. The bill passed the house on July 21, 1888, and made the name of "Mills" famous throughout the entire country. H.AZEN S. PINGREE, the celebrated Michigan political leader, was born in Maine in 1842. Up to fourteen years of age he worked hard on the stony ground of his father's small farm. Attending school in the winter, he gained a fair education, and when not laboring on the farm, he found employment in the cotton mills in the vicinity. He resolved to find more steady work, and accordingly went to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where he entered a shoe fac- tory, but on the outbreak of the war he en- listed at once and was enrolled in the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He partici- pated in the battle of Bull Kuii, which was his initial fight, and served creditably his early term of service, at the expiration of which he re-enlisted. He fought in the battles of Fredricksburg, Harris Farm, Spottsylvania Court House and Cold Har- bor In [864 he was captured by Mosby, and spent five months at Andersonville, Georgia, as a prisoner, but escaped at the end of that time. He re-entered the service and participated in the battles of Fort Fisher, Boyden, and Sailors Creek. He was honorably mustered out of service, and in 1866 went to Detroit, Michigan, where he made use of his former experience in a shoe factory, and found work. Later he formed a partnership with another workman and started a small factory, which has since become a large establishment. Mr. Pin- gree made his entrance into politics in 1889, in which year he was elected by a surpris- ingly large majority as a Republican to the mayoralty of Detroit, in which office he was the incumbent during four consecutive terms. In November, 1896, he was elected gov- ernor of the state of Michigan. While mayor of Detroit, Mr. Pingree originated and put into execution the idea of allowing the poor people of the city the use of va- cant city lands and lots for the purpose of raising potatoes. The idea was enthusiast- ically adopted by thousandsof poor families, attracted wide attention, and gave its author a national reputation as "Potato-patch Pin- gree." THOMAS ANDREW HENDRICKS, an eminent American statesman and a Democratic politician of national fame, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, Septem- ber 7, 1 8 19. In 1822 he removed, with his father, to Shelby county, Indiana. He graduated from the South Hanover College in 1 84 1, and two years later was admitted to the bar. In 185 1 he was chosen a mem- ber of the state constitutional convention, and took a leading part in the deliberations of that body. He was elected to congress in 1851, and after serving two terms was appointed commissioner of the United States general land-oflfice. In 1863 he waselected to the United States senate, where his dis- tinguished services commanded the respect of all parties. He was elected governor of Indiana in 1872, serving four years, and in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGKAPIir. 213 1876 was nominated by the Democrats as candidate for the vice-presidency with Til- den. The returns in a number of states were contested, and resulted in the appoint- ment of the famous electoral commission, which decided in favor of the Republican candidates. In 1884 Mr. Hendricks was again nominated as candidate for the vice- presidency, by the Democratic party, on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, was elected, and served about six months. He died at Indianapolis, November 25, 1885. He was regarded as one of the brainiest men in the party, and his integrity was never ques- tioned, even by his political opponents. GARRETT A. HOBART, one of the many able men who have held the high office of vice-president of the United States, was born June 3, 1844, in Mon- mouth county, New Jersey, and in i860 en- tered the sophomore class at Rutgers Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1863 at the age of nineteen. He then taught school until he entered the law office of Socrates Tuttle, of Paterson, New Jersey, with whom he studied law. and in 1869 was admitted to the bar. He immediately began the active practice of his profession ill the office of the above named gentleman. He became interested in political life, and espoused the cause of the Republican party, and in 1865 held his first office, serving as clerk for the grand jury. He was also city counsel of Paterson in 1871, and in May, 1872, was elected counsel for the board of chosen freeholders. He entered the state legislature in 1873, and was re-elected to the assembly in 1874. Mr. Hobart was made speaker of the assembly in 1876, and and in 1879 was elected to the state senate. After serving three years in the same, he was elected president of that body in 1881, and the following year was re-slected to that office. He was a delegate-af -large to the Republican national convention 'n 1876 and 1880, and was elected a member of the national committee in 1884, which pos-tion he occupied continuously until 1896. He was then nominated for vice-president by the Republican national convention, anr^ was elected to that office in the fall of 1896 on the ticket with William McKinley. WILLIAM MORRIS STEWART, noted as a political leader and senator, was born in Lyons, Wayne county. New York, August 9, 1827, and removed with his par- ents while still a small child to Mesopota- mia township, Trumbull county, Ohio. He attended the Lyons Union school and Farm- ington Academy, where he obtained his ed- ucation. Later he taught mathematics in the former school, while yet a pupil, and with the little money thus earned and the assistance of James C. Smith, one of the judges of the supreme court of New York, he entered Yale College. He remained there until the winter of 1849-50, when, at- tracted by the gold discoveries in California he wended his way thither. He arrived at San Francisco in May, 1850, and later en- gaged in mining with pick and shovel in Ne- vada county. In this way he accumulated some money, and in the spring of 1852 he took up the study of law under John R. McConnell. The following December he was appointed district attorney, to which office he was chosen at the general election of the next year. In 1854 he was ap- pointed attorney-general of California, and in i860 he removed to Virginia City, Ne- vada, where he largely engaged in early mining litigation. Mr. Stewart was also in- terested in the development of the "Corn- stock lode," and in 1861 was chosen a 214 COMPEXDJUM OF BlOC.li A I' H V. member of the territorial council. He was elected a member of the constitutional con- vention in 1863, and was elected United States senator in 1864, and re-elected in 1869. At the expiration of his term in 1875, he resumed the practice of law in Nevada, California, and the Pacific coast generally. He was thus engaged when he was elected again to the United States sen- ate as a Republican in 1887 to succeed the late James G. Fair, a Democrat, and took his seat March 4, 1887. On the expiration of his term he was again re-elected and be- came one of the leaders of his party in con- gress. His ability as an orator, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions, gained him a national rep- utation. GEORGE GRAHAM VEST, for many years a prominent member of the United States senate, was born in Frank- fort, Kentucky, December 6, 1848. He graduated from Center College in 1868, and from the law department of the Transyl- vania University of Lexington, Kentucky, in 1853. In the same year he removed to Missouri and began the practice of his pro- fession. In 1 860 he was an elector on the Democratic ticket, and was a member of the lower house of the Missouri legislature in 1860-61. He was elected to the Con- federate congress, serving two years in the lower house and one in the senate. He then resumed the practice of law, and in 1 879 was elected to the senate of the United States to succeed James Shields. He was re-elected in 1885. and again in 1891 and 1897. His many years of service in the National congress, coupled with his ability as a speaker and the active part he took in the discussion of public questions, gave him a wiile reputation. HANNIBAL HAMLIN, a noted American statesman, whose name is indissolubly connected with the history of this country, was born in Paris, Maine, August 27, 1809. He learned the printer's trade and followed that calling for several years. He then studied law. and was admitted to practice in 1833. He was elected to the legislature of the state of Maine, where he was several times chosen speaker of the lower house. He was elected to congress by the Demo- crats in 1843, and re-elected in 1845. In 1848 he was chosen to the United States senate and served in that body until i86i. He was elected governor of Maine in 1857 on the Republican ticket, but resigned when re-elected to the United States senate the same year. He was elected vice-presi- dent of the United States on the ticket with Lincoln in i860, and inaugurated in .March. 1 861. In 1865 he was appointed collector of the port of Boston. Beginning with 1869 he served two six-year terms in the United States senate, and was then ap- pointed by President Garfield as minister to Spain in 1881. His death occurred July 4, 1 891. I SHAM G. HARRIS, famous as Confed- erate war governor of Tennessee, and distinguished by his twenty years of service in the senate of the United States, was born in Franklin county, Tennessee, and educated at the Academy of Winchester. He then took up the study of law. was ad- mitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Paris, Tennessee, in 1841. He was elected to the state legislature in 1847. was a candidate for presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1848, and the next year was elect«rd to congress from his dis- trict, and re ilerted in 1S51. In 1853 he was renominated by the Democrats of his COMPENDIi'M OF BIOGRATHT. 215 district, but declined, and removed to Mem- phis, where he took up the practice of law. He was a presidential elector-at-large from Tennessee in 1856, and was elected gov- ernor of the state the next year, and again in 1859, and in 1861. He was driven from Nashville by the advance of the Union armies, and for the last three years of the war acted as aid upon the staff of the com- manding general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. After the war he went to Liverpool, England, where he became a merchant, but returned to Memphis in 1867, and resumed the practice of law. In 1877 he was elected to the United States senate, to which position he was successively re- elected until his death in 1897. NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., for nearly a quarter of a century one of the leaders in congress and framer of the famous " Dingley tarif! bill," was born in Durham, Maine, in 1832. His father as well as all his ancestors, were farmers, merchants and mechanics and of English descent. Young Dingley was given the advantages first of the common schools and in vacations helped his father in the store and on the farm. When twelve years of age he attended high school and at seventeen was teaching in a country school district and preparing him- self for college. The following year he en- tered Waterville Academy and in 1851 en- tered Colby University. After a year and a half in this institution he entered Dart- mouth College and was graduated in 1855 with high rank as a scholar, debater and writer. He ne.\t studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1856. But instead of practicing his profession he purchased the " Lewistown (Me.) Journal," which be- came famous throughout the New England states as a leader in the advocacy of Repub- lican principles. About the same time Mr. Dingley began his political career, although ever after continuing at the head of the newspaper. He was soon elected to the state legislature and afterward to the lower house of congress, where he became a prominent national character. He also served two terms as governor of Maine. OLIVER PERRY MORTON, a distin- guished American statesman, was born in Wayne county, Indiana, August 4, 1823. His early education was by private teaching and a course at the Wayne County Seminary. At the age of twenty years he entered the Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and at the end of two j'ears quit the college, began the study of law in the office of John New- man, of Centerville, Indiana, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1847. Mr. Morton was elected judge on the Democratic ticket, in 1852, but on the passage of the " Kansas-Nebraska Bill " he severed his connection with that party, and soon became a prominent leader of the Re- publicans. He was elected governor of In- diana in 1 86 1, and as war governor became well known throughout the country. He received a paralytic stroke in 1865, which partially deprived him of the use of his limbs. He was chosen to the United States senate from Indiana, in 1867, and wielded great influence in that body until the time of his death, November i, 1877. JOHN B. GORDON, a brilliant Confeder- ate officer and noted senator of the United States, was born in Upson county, Georgia, February 6, 1832. He graduated from the State University, studied law, and took up the practice of his profession. At the be- ginning of the war he entered the Confederate service as captain of infantry, and rapidly 216 COMPEyDlLM OF BJOGJfA/'//)'. rose to the rank of lieutenant-general, commanding one wing of the Confederate army at the close of the war. In 1868 he was Democratic candidate for governor of Georgia, and it is said was elected by a large majority, but his opponent was given the office. He was a delegate to the national Democratic conventions in 1868 and 1872, and a presidential elector both years. In 1873 he was elected to the United States senate. In 1886 he was elected governor of Georgia, and re-elected in 1888. He was again elected to the United States senate in 1890, serving until 1897, when he was succeeded by A. S. Clay. He was regarded as a leader of the southern Democ- racy, and noted for his fiery eloquence. STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD, an illus- trious associate ju.stice of the supreme court of the United States, was born at Haddam, Connecticut, November 4, iuSi6, being one of the noted sons of Rev. D. D. Field. He graduated from Williams College in 1837, took up the study of law with his brother, David Dudley Field, be- coming his partner upon admission to the bar. He went to California in 1849, and at once began to take an active interest in the political affairs of that state. He was elected alcalde of Marysville, in 1850, and in the autumn of the same year was elected to the state legislature. In 1857 he was elected judge of the supreme court of the state, and two years afterwards became its chief justice. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln as associate justice of the supreme court of the United States. During his incumbency, in 1873, he was appointed by the governor of California one of a com- mission to examine the codes of the state and for the preparation of amendments to the same for submission to the legislature. In 1877 he was one of the famous electoral commission of fifteen members, and voted as one of the seven favoring the election of Tilden to the presidency. In 1880 a large portion of the Democratic party favored his nomination as candidate for the presidency. He retired in the fall of 1897. having served a greater number of years on the supreme bench than any of his associates or predecessors, Chief Justice Marshall coming iie.\t in length of service. JOHN T. MORGAN, whose services in the United States senate brought him into national prominence, was born in Athens, Tennessee, June 20, 1824. At the age of nine years he emigrated to Alabama, where he made his permanent home, and where he received an academic education. He then took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He took a leading part in local politics, was a presi- dential elector in i860, casting his ballot for Breckenridge and Lane, and in 1861 was a delegate to the state convention which passed the ordinance of secession. In May, of the same year, he joined the Confederate army as a private in Company I, Cahawba Rifles, and was.soon after made major and thenlieutenant-colonelofthe Fifth Regiment. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel, and soon after made brigadier-general and as- signed to the command of a brigade in Vir- ginia. He resigned to join his old regiment whose colonel had been killed. He was soon afterward again made brigadier-gen- eral and given command of the brigade that included his regiment. After the war he returned to the prac- tice of law, and continued it up to the time of his election to the United States senate, \a 1 877. He was a presidential elector in 1 876 and cast his vote for Tilden and Hendric>a COMPENDIU.\r OF BIOGRAPHY. 217 He was re-elected to the senate in 1S83, and again in 1889, and 1895. His speeches and the measures he introduced, marked as they were by an intense Americanism, brought him into national prominence. WILLIAM McKIXLEY.the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born at Xiles, Trumbull county, Ohio, Jan- uary 29, 1844. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and received his early education in a Methodist academy in the small village of Poland, Ohio. At the outbreak of the war Mr. McKinley was teaching school, earning twenty-five dollars per month. As soon as Fort Surpter was fired upon he en- listed in a company that was formed in Poland, which was inspected and mustered in by General John C. Fremont, who at first objected to Mr. McKinley, as being too young, but upon examination he was finally accepted. Mr. McKinley was seventeen when the war broke out but did not look his age. He served in the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry throughout the war, was promoted from sergeant to captain, for good conduct on the field, and at the close of the war, for meritorious services, he was brevetted major. After leaving the army Major Mc- Kinley took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar, and in 1869 he took his initiation into politics, being elected pros- ecuting attorney of his county as a Republi- can, although the district was usually Demo- cratic. In 1 876 he was elected to congress, and in a call upon the President-elect, Mr. Hayes, to whom he went for advice upon the way he should shape his career, he was told that to achieve fame and success he must take one special line and stick to it. Mr. McKinley chose tariff legislation and he became an authority in regard to import duties. He was a member of congress for many years, became chairman of the ways and means committee, and later he advo- cated the famous tariff bill that bore his name, which was passed in 1S90. In the next election the Republican party was overwhelmingly defeated through the coun- try, and the Democrats secured more than a two thirds majority in the lower house, and also had control of the senate, Mr. McKinley being defeated in his own district by a small majority. He was elected gov- ernor of Ohio in 189 1 by a plurality of twenty-one thousand, five hundred and eleven, and two years later he was re-elected j by the still greater plurality of eighty thou- 1 sand, nine hundred and ninety-five. He was a delegate-at-large to the Minneapolis Re-. publican convention in 1892, and was in- structed to support the nomination of Mr. Harrison. He was chairman of the con- vention, and was the only man from Ohio to vote for Mr. Harrison upon the roll call. In November, 1892, a number of prominent politicians gathered in New York to discuss the political situation, and decided that the result of the election had put an end to Mc- Kinley and McKinleyism. But in less than four years from that date Mr. McKinley was nominated for the presidency against the combined opposition of half a dozen rival candidates. Much of the credit for his suc- cess was due to Mark A. Hanna, of Cleve- land, afterward chairr.ian of the Republican national committee. At the election which occurred in November, 1896, Mr. McKinley was elected president of the United States by an enormous majority, on a gold stand- ard and protective tariff platform. He was inaugurated on the 4th of March, 1897, and called a special session of congress, to which was submitted a bill for tariff reform, which was passed in the latter part of July of that vear. 218 COM J' EX/)/ I'M O/-' /UOG/iA/^//y. CINCINNATUS HEINE MILLER. known in the literary world as Joaquin Miller, "the poet of the Sierras," was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1841. When only about thirteen years of age he ran away from home and went to the mining regions in California and along the Pacific coast. Some time afterward he was taken prisoner by the Modoc Indians and lived with them for five years. He learned their language and gained great influence with them, fight- ing in their wars, and in all modes of living became as one of them. In 1858 he left the Indians and went to San Francisco, where he studied law, and in i860 was ad- mitted to the bar in Oregon. In 1866 he was elected a county judge in Oregon and served four years. Early in the seventies he began devoting a good deal of time to literary pursuits, and about 1874 he settled in Washington, D. C. He wrote many poems and dramas that attracted consider- able attention and won him an extended reputation. Among his productions may be mentioned '* Pacific Poems," " Songs of the Sierras," "Songs of the Sun Lands," "Ships in the Desert," " Adrianne,a Dream of Italy," "Danites," "Unwritten History," " First Families of the Sierras " (a novel), " One Fair Woman " (a novel), "Songs of Italy," "Shadows of Shasta," "The Gold- Seekers of the Sierras," and a number of others. GEORGE FREDERICK ROOT, a noted music publisher and composer, was born in Sheffield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on August 30, 1820. While working on his father's farm he found time to learn, unaided, several musical instru- ments, and in his eighteenth year he went to Boston, where he soon found employ- ment as a teacher of music. From 1839 until 1844 he gave instructions in musir m the public schools of that city, and was also director of music in two churches. Mr. Root then went to New York and taught music in the various educational institutions of the city. He went to Paris in 1850 and spent one year there in study, and on his re- turn he published his first song, "Hazel Dell." It appeared as the work of " Wur- zel," which was the German equivalent of his name. He was the originator of the normal musical institutions, and when the first one was started in New York he was one of the faculty. He renioved to Chicago, Illinois, in i860, and established the firm of Root & Cady, and engaged in the publication of music. He received, in 1872, the degree of "Doctor of Music" from the University of Chicago. After the war the firm became George F. Root & Co. , of Cincinnati and Chicago. Mr. Root did much to elevate the standard of music in this country by his compositions and work as a teacher. Besides his numerous songs he wrote a great deal of sacred music and pub- lished many collections of vocal and instru- mental music. For many years he was the most popular song writer in America, and was one of the greatest song writers of the war. He is also well-known as an author, and his work in that line comprises: " Meth- ods for the Piano and Organ," " Hand- book on Harmony Teaching, " and innumer- able articles for the musical press. Among his many and most popular songs of the wartime are: " Rosalie, the Prairie-flower," " Battle Cry of Freedom." " Just Before the Battle," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching," " The Old Folks are Gone." "A Hundred Years Ago," "Old Potomac Shore, "and " There's Music in the Air." Mr. Root'scantatas include "The Flower Queen* and "The Haymakers." He died in 1896. PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF LOGAN COUNTY, II^I^INOIS. ubrary OF THE KKANK HOBLll. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD FRANK IIOr.LlT. Frank Hol)lit, casiiier ui tlie First Xa- tional Bank of Lincoln, occnpies a foremost position among the prominent financiers in this section of the state. He is a man of keen discrimination and sonnd jndgment. and his executive abiHty and excellent man- agement have brought to the concern with which he is connected a high degree of suc- cess. A native of this county, Mr. Hoblit was born near Atlanta, November i, 1839, and is a son of Samuel and Abigail (Downey) Hoblit, who located here in i8_'9. having come from Ohio.- Here they toiled and la- bored, enduring the privations and hard- ships incident to pioneer life, and contribu- ting their full share toward developing the resources of this great commonwealth. They lived to enjoy the fruits of their la- bor and the esteem of all who knew them. The father died in this county in 1866. the mother in 1887. Prank Hoblit spent the days of his boyhood and youth uiK>n his father's farm and was given the benefits of an excellent common schof Inisiness iraiisacted ..ver its counters of j,Meat imi>ortance and iiiafjnitiule. An evidence of the prosperity I the hank is found in the fact that it lias lid {jenerous divitlends since the day of ■!■> fonndinR. ha\ in>; d<.nl)led its capital •ut of the profits which, up to the present nine, including,' its capital, amount to one hundred and fifty thousand ilollars. Its total net earniiij^s since its or^janization, in 1S73. have heen three hundred and thirty- three thousand and live hundred dollars, while it has distrihuted in dividends to its sfHrkholders duriiiy the same peri<.d two hundred and eighty-two thousand and live huudre.l dollars. Mr. llohlit has heeii al)ly assisted in Iniilding up the hank hy its first l^resident, John 1). Cillett, now deceased: l>ank Frorer, now its president: Judge janies T. llohlit, its vice-president; S. S. llohlit, the assistant cashier; and its hoard I directors, who have always taken an itive interest in its atifairs. In 1864 Mr. Hohlit was united in mar- riage with Miss Mellie Allen, a daughter uf Dr. J. S. -Mien, a well-known and highly esteemed i)hysician of Atlanta, Illinois. They have four children, namely: Walter 1;., Mary E., iMiima and Amy. The fam- ily have an elegant home in Lincoln and are quite prominent socially. Mr. llohlit owns some valuahle property in Lincoln and Logan county, an.l is also interested in Te.xas oil lands, from which he has realized a handsome iirotit. Having l)een continuously engaged in the hanking husiness for more than thirty-live years, he holds a prominent place in the councils of hankers, and his standing and ahilily as a financier have heen recognized hy his election as one of the vice-presidents of the State Hankers" Association of Illinois, in which capacity he is now .serving his third term, in early life he was a supi>orter of the Republican party, and was a delegate to ihe national Kepuhlican convention held in Philadelphia in iS7_', at which time (irant and Wilson were nominateil, hut Ije- ing a strong temi)erance man he now affili- ates with the Trohihition party. He is an attendant of the i'.ainist church and is a liljeral contributor to charitable and relig- i«>us institutions. He is thoroughly inter- ested in whatever tends to promote the moral, intellectual and material welfare of Lincoln, and is one of the trustees and treasurer of Lincoln University, now Lin- coln College, a college of considerable l)rominence, founded in 1X^)3, to which he has contributed his share toward its suc- cess as an educatioiud institution. Mr. ll< blit has traveletl extensively throughout the United States and KuroiK?. and in addi- tion of his thorough knowledge of bank- ing and finance is widely read and well in- formed. He is genial, courteous, enterpris- ing and progressive, and is one of the most popular and influential citizens of Lincoln. i-Ri:ni:KUK j. wii.lmi-rt. .\o better illustration' of the character- istic energy and enter))rise of the typical Uier- man-.\mcrican citizen can lie found than that afforded by the career of this well- known resident of Chester township. Com- ing to this country with no capital except his abilities, he has made his way to suc- cess through wisely directed effort and can now lo(.k back with satisfaction uix.n past struggles. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 225 Mr. Willniert was horn ()ct..lK,-r 14. 1837, in W'aKleck. Germany, near Hesse Gas- .sel, and is a son of I'eter and Katlierina (V'olliort) Willmert. The mother died in that conntry, hut tlie fatlier came with onr subject to America, and liis dcatli occurred liere in i8Sy. They liad four cliildren. tlirce sons and one daugliter. of whom two sons died in Ix)gan county. Onr subject is the only surviving meml)er of this fantily. Kate, wlio was the widow of Samuel Brautigam. died October 22, 1901. During his Ijoyhood Mr. Willmert at- tended the pulilic scluKils of his native land until fourteen years of age. and was reared to agricultural pursuits. In 1858 he crossed the Atlantic antl came direct io Mason coun- tv, Illinois, where he remained until 1864. On landing in this country he was unable to speak a word of Englisii. and his knowledge of the language has been self-acquired. After working as a farm hand for two and a half years, at twelve dollars per month, he rented a farm in Mason county, which he operated until 1864. when he took up his residence in Logan county. Here he rented land one year, and then bought one hundred acres in Broadwell township, paying fifty dollars per acre, having made the money during his residence in America. After re- siding thereon for five years he sold that place and purchased one hundred and sixty acres in Chester township, at forty dollars per acre. This he has improved, and as he has prospered in liis farming oj^erations. he has added to it from time to time, until he now has four hundred and seventy-fi\e acres in one farm and two hundred and thirty- three acres in another. Both are located in Chester township, and are under cultivation and well improved. In addition to general farming. Mr. Willmert is engaged in stock raising and in both undertakings has l)cen eminently successful. .Mr. Willmert was married March 12. i8f)2. to Miss Ivlizabelh Ambrnst. who is also a native of ( ierniany ,iim1 is now lifty- sevcn years of age. She came to Lincoln, Illinois, in March, 1854, her father, .\ndrew Ambrust, being one of the early farmers near Lincoln. Unto them were Ijorn ten children, and those still living are Kate, wife of (ieorge (iimble, w.io o])erates a part of her father's farm; Rose. Louise. l'"rederick, Jacob and George, all at home. I'our daughters are deceased. The children have been educated in the country schools of this ctmnty. The family are members of St. John's Ludieran church at Lincoln, of which Mr. Willmert is one of the trustees, and he takes an active part in church work. His jnilitical .supi)ort is always given the men and measures of the Democratic party, but he has n^ver been an office seeker. He has served, however, as school director for six vears and takes a commendable interest in public affairs. He deserves great credit for the success he has achieved in life and well merits an honored place among the rep- resentative citizens of Logan countv. TAUL H. STEEX. Paul H. Steen. an extensive and prosper- ous farmer residing on section 11, Prairie Greek township. Logan county. Illinois, has lived in Logan county since 1871, but is a native of Germany, having been born there in 1839. and is a son of Harmon and .\nnie (Johnson) Steen, both natives of Germany, who came to America in June. 1850, and settled in I'ekin, Illinois. .\ few davs after 226 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tliey settlwl in their new home the father be- came ill and died a month later, in July, 1850, and some time later the nK>tlier fol- hnved him. Si.\ cliildren were lx>rn to them. I'anl H., our subject, and .Xmiie, wife of John Jansen, a bricklayer, of Pekin, Illinois, are the only ones living. The others were: Lena; John; and two who dieears of age when he had the misfortune to lose his par- ents, and he was sent to I'eoria, where he remained until he was fourteen years old, living with a family by the name of Boran. They lived twelve miles from I'eoria, and here he remained for three years. At the expiration of that time our suliject went to I'ekin and worked by the nid many hogs for market. He has met with a large measure of success, which is due entirely to his own efforts, as he h:us never gained by inheritance. In 1871 he marrieil Maggie Look, of I'ekin, who dietl March 6, 1884. In 1888 he marrieth at home. Mr. Steen is a Republican in iK)litics, and was assessor of the township for one year ami .schrne the affliction bravely and is as active and overlooks his affairs as vigorously as ever. He is a man THE BIOGRAnilCAL RECORD. 227 who commands tlie deepest respect of tlie entire community, and lias many friends all over the comity as well as in his immediate neiqhliorhood. WILLIAM P.. jOXES. William 1'.. Jones, wlm is now livins;- a retired life in the city oi Lincoln, was for many years one of her most prominent at- torneys, and won for himself an enviahle reputation among the le.^al fraternity nf this section of the state. He is probahly the oldest lawyer in Illinois, having been li- censed to practice in 1837. ^^^ ^^'''^''' '""'''' on the 4th of February. 1816, near Glas- gow. Barren county, Kentucky, and is of W'elsh descent. His grandfather. William Jones, was a native of Virginia and was a pioneer settler of Kentucky. During the trouble with the Indians in early days he and his family were often forced to seek shelter in the blockhouses and forts near which they made their home. He married a Miss \\'ren, also a native of the Old Do- minion. Jolin Jones, the father of our suli- ject, was born in the same state, but was reared in Kentucky, where he wedded Miss Mary Young, a native of that state. Being a strong anti-slavery man, lie tinally came north and spent his last days in Grand \'ie\\ . Iowa, where he died in 1843. His wife died in the afternoon of the same day. and they were buried in the same grave. By occupation he was a farmer and school teacher. In his family were eleven chil- dren, six sons ami live daughters, namel\": Angelina. William 1!.. Keziah. I'.dward. Elizabeth and .X.ancy. twins. Gharlotte. John. Robert. .Samuel and e'hristoi)her '!'. Reared in his nati\e stale. William 1!. Jones obtained his education in its private and subscription schoijls. and remained un- der the ])arental roof until nineteen years of age. aiding his father in the work of the tarni. On starting out in life for himself he was superintendent of a spinning .and carding factory in Kentucky f'lr two years. He then read law with iM-anklin Gorin, of Glasgow, th.-it state, and on securing a license to practice, in May. 1837, he opened an office in (ilasgow. Subsequently he en- gaged in practice in Franklin county, Ken- tucky, where he built up a good practice. During the Civil war he was a strong Ciiion man. and was once condemned to be hung for his outspoken sentiment in favor of pre- serving the Union. At this time he became a firm friend of John ]\L Palmer. For eight years he represented his district, com- prising ten counties in Kentucky, as attor- ney for the commonwealth, and was re- elected in i8(i_' without opposition. Re- signing in iX()(i. Mr. Jones came to Lin- coln. Illinois, where he has since made his 111 'UK', and was successfully engagetl in the practice of law until 1895. when he retired, .^e was thoroughly versed in the law and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. He tried manv cases before the supreme court, and attained .a high i>osition in iimfessional circles. On the luth of May. 1838. .Mr. Jones married Miss Mary L. Lewis, of Warren county. Kentucky, a daughter of James ,\. and .Margaret Lewis. She died in .Mor- gantown. that state, August ly. 1844. leav- in.g four children, namely : Virgil .\. ; El- nora L, who died October 30, 1881 : Eugenia .\.. who died May _'-', 1886: and John X, T. Mr. Jones was again married, .\pril 14, 1846, his second union lieing with Miss .Mary .-\. Mann, who died February Ji, i8()6. iMiur children blessed this marriage: 228 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. James S., born in 1847; Harriet B., born June J9, 184S; Eli/al)Cth. lx>rii January 29, 1850: and William ()., Ix-rn April Jtj, 1852. (Jn attaining bis majority Mr. Jcncs l)e- camc identified witli tbe Wliig party, and on the orjjanization of the Kcpnblican party joined its ranks, having since fought under its banner. Since 1848 he has been an ac- tive member of the Masonic fraternity, and was master of his lodge for twelve consecu- tive years. Although now in his eighty- si.xth year, he still enjoys gi«>d health, which is probably due to his temperate hab- its and the upright, honorable life that he has led. He has ever supported those in- terests which are calculated to uplift and benefit humanity, while his own high moral worth is deserving of the highest commen- dation. •-•-• iiEXRV b.\nt;ert. As an e.xperienced miner and capable and efficient mine foreman, Henry Bangert is regarded as one of the most valued offi- cials of the Citizens' Mining Company, lo- cated at Lincoln, Blinois. The birth of Mr. I'angcrt occurred in Baden, (iermany, April I I. 185.V •>"<• 'ii-" '^ ^ ^"" "' J"'i" ^"'1 ^^^^' liara I'.angert. Tlie father still resides on his farm in Cermany, a respected octogenar- ian, but the mother passed away in 1900, at the age of seventy-nine years. They were the honored parents of nine children, the six .survivors r)f the family l)eing: Mary, who lives in the old country: Henry, who is the subject ')f this .sketch; Maggie, who is the wife of Henry h'rieach, of Springfield, Illi- nois; and John, l-"va and Barbara, who still remain in (lermany. Henry Bangert. the subject of this biog- raphy. atteiideut fifteen years of age, leaving home at that time intent ujion seeing soiTiething of the world. He hal>er. iSjj. he lie- came a resident of Springfield. Blinois, com- ing thither direct from Germany. For eighteen months after reaching the United States Mr. Bangert followed coal mining. Iieginning as a ccjal digger, as his means were limited and at that time he could secure no higher jiosition. From Springfield he went to the coal regions of Iowa, then returned to Illinois, and later .started out on a long trip through the min- ing localities of various states, visiting in this itinerary the .states of Bennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri. Indiana, Te.xas, Colorado, Indian Territory and penetrated even into New Mexico, engaging in mining in all these places and thereby gaining exjierience which he could have sccureil in no other way. This was re.illy a mining scIuk'I for our subject. On July II. 18S7. Mr. Bangert located in Lincoln. Illinois, and immediately liecame mine manager at the shaft, the jirojierty of the Citizens" Mining Company, and this po- sition he lias filled ever since to the complete satisfaction of the company whose interests he so carefully guards. Mr. Bangert was married in \'irginia, Illinois, in 18S4, ti> Miss Clara Jenks, who was born in Sangamon county, this state. l-light chililren have liecn Ixirn to this union, one of whom died in infancy, the others being: Harry, Charles, l''va. Louis, I'rank, William and George. Mr. Bangert has liM.ked carefully after the ef Eebruary. 1850. was united in marriage to .Miss Sarah Hawes, a daughter of John and Sarah Hawes, who were early settlers of this county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Miller were born seven children, six of whom reached years of maturity, namely : .Arthur P., Clara A., J. Edward, Charles A., Erank H. and William .\. .\fter his marriage Jere- miah Miller tot>k up his abode in Orvil township, and later removed to Eminence township, where he made his home until 1876, when he went to Lincoln in order to l)rovi(le his children with the l)etter educa- tional advantages afforded by the city schools. .\t a later date he returned to the farm in Eminence township, where he re- mained until 188.', when he went to .At- lanta, where he spent his remaining days. He departed this life on the 2d of Octol)er. 1885. and his remains were interred in r.ethel cemetery. He was a consistent member of the Christian church and for a mnnber of years served as one of its dea- cons. His wife is still living in .\tlanta. and .she. too. is a devoted member of the Christian church, her life having ever been in harmony with her professions. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 231 Mr. Miller, whose name introduces this review, spent his youth upon the home farm and attended the district schools. During the period of vacation he assisted in the la- bors of the fields, thus early l)ecoming famil- iar with the duties which fall to the lot of the agriculturist. After his preliminary education was completed he entered the State University, at Le.xington. Kentucky, and subsequently he pursued a commercial course of study. When his education was completed and by careful mental discipline he was well prepared for the important and responsible duties of life, he returned to Logan county and engaged in handling grain and live stock at Hartsburg. He car- ried on the enterprises with success, con- ducting a profitable business in grain and stock. As the years passed his capital steadily increased, and with a comfortable competence he removed to Lincoln in 1891. where he has since resided, but he still con- ducts his business at Hartsburg. On the 24 th of September, 1879, Mr. ^liller was united in marriage to Miss Ida Hummell, of Lincoln, a daughter of David and Ellen (Stanfield) Hiunmell, and their union has been blessed with six children : Ethel, Clarence, Mildred, Marie, Charles and Frank. The generous and gracious hospitality of the home has made it a favor- ite resort with the many friends of the fam- ily, and the members of the household are highly esteemed. For a mmiber of years Mr. Miller has been a recognized factor in political circles. He stanchly advocates the principles of the Republican party and co-operates in the movements for the extension of its influence and ])ower. For three years he has served as a member of the city council of Lincoln, and in 1898 he became the Republican can- didate for countv treasurer. The election returns showed that lie was the victorious candidate and he filled the oflice so accept- ably that he was again nominated anerior stiK-k. During tlie wliole year he keeps a herd of cattle and gives his jjersunal sujiervision to their care. Mr. Downing was married Octoljer J2, i8yi, to Sarah Whitney, who was \x.>r\\ on May _'9. iStnj, and is a daughter of Willard Whitney, a resident of Aetna township, where the family is an old and honored one. To Mr. and Mrs. Whitney were born se\en children, namely: .\dalinc. the wife of Alljert Clark, of Washington; Sarah, the wife of our subject: Minnie: Charles L. : Dottie: John; and Florence, all of whom were educated in the district scho(jls. Mrs. Whitney died in 1S9S. In politics Mr. Downing has always supported the Rcpul)lican party, from prin- ciple, refusing all party preferment. He is largelv interested in many of the financial organizations in Logan county, one of these being the I'armers" Mutual Insurance Com- pany, of Lincoln, and he is also a stock- holder in the Horse Company, of Mount Pulaski. Fraternally he is connected with Camp 154, ^^>f the implied insight into his fa- ther's character. Mr. Bohan came to Illi- nois in 1855, and for two years was en- gaged in railroading, after w hich he engaged in farming. In 1861 he l)egan to work for John I), (iillettc. assuming charge of his farm interests, and remained in this capacity for twenty-.six years. During this time he had the management of three thousand acres of land and an inuuense mnnlier of cattle. His latter days were .s|>ent in com- ler of the Catholic church. Mrs. Bohan. who was Iwirn near Ramsey, Isle of Man. is living with her .son Patrick, her other soil having died in infancy. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 233 I'ati-ick ]'...lian was cducalcd in the pub- lic schools of Klkiuirt, and when eighteen years of age took a course at the Springfield Business College, from which he was grad- uated in April of 1SS7. I'lillowiiig his fa- ther's example, he then started in to work for John D. Gillette, and March 1, 1889. as- sumed charge of Miss Jessie D. Gillette's farm of twelve hundred acres, and in iS^t) also undertook the management of the eiglil- een-hundred-acre farm of her sister. Mrs. Charlotte (_i. liarnes. Tliis constituted practically the same land o\er which his father had control for so many years. IMr. Bohan has served as a member of the I'.lk- hart hoard of trustees and has been city clerk, lie is a mem1)er of Saint Patrick's Catholic church, and is a Democrat in poli- tics. WILLIAM T. BRIGGS. L'ljon a portion of the farm which he now occu])ies, near liroadwcll, Mr. liriggs was horn October (>, 1S35. In the inter- vening years he has known no cither home. nor has any other part of the state appealed to him as more desirable for cultivation than the fertile acres upon which his fatlier settled in the early pioneer days. Llis memory traxels back to tb.e time when a vast prairie stretched as far as the eye could see, before fences were built or imprgan county, and lived on the home place until alxnit twenty-five years of ape. when he started out to inde|)endently farm a jxirtion of his father's estate. In 1S70 he married Mar- tha E. llartis. a daufjhter of John Hartis. whom, it is supiKised. was horn in Ken- lucky. To Mr. and Mrs. Hartis were horn seven children: Lcnora H.. who is the wife of Simon Koons. of Mroadwell : Martha E.. who is the wife of William Brigfii^s : Mary K.. wh(. lives with her sister. Mrs. Brings: John Wesley, who died al)out 1889; hesides three others now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Briggs have heen horn the following children: Lorcna. who died in 1891; ThiHiias L.. who lives in Xortli Dakota: Lucy M.: Charles L. ; John B. : (Jeorge M.. Halla D. and William L.. who are at home. Mr. Briggs is a devout member of the Meth- ochst Episcopal church, as are all of his family, and for some time he was a steward and trustee of the church at Broadwell. jl'Dr,!-. LOUIS C. S(. IIW i-i".(;f,r. ll. r.. ;i mii: purity, dignity and power nuist rank first among the callings of men. It is the con- servator of justice, the protector of life and liberty and property, and he who interprets the law should be a man whose reputation is above the shadow of reproach. In c1hh)s- ing Louis C. Scliwerdtfeger to act as county judge the citizens of Logan county called to the bench one whom they knew to be faultless in honor, fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation. Throughout long connection with tlie professional and tinan- cial interests of Logan county lie has e\er demonstrated his right to the cth papers until 1883, when he resinned the ))ractice of law. No dreary noviate awaited him. His clientage grew rapidly, Uvtli in volume and importance, and he was s«M>n in coin- Q^^i^^^^3er^i^^._^-r LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 237 mand of a large law business, connecting him with some of the most important liti- gations tried in the courts of his district. In January. 1887. however, he gave up the private practice of law to become a factor in financial circles in this part of the state, assuming the management of the German- American National Bank, which he had aid- ed in establishing. He was made its cashier and has since remained in that position, his keen business sagacity, sound judgment and readiness in action well equipping him for the responsible duties which devolve upon him. The institution ranks among t'.:; strongest- financial concerns in this part of Illinois and well deserves its reputation, for back of it stand men of solid financial stand- ing and business worth. Judge Schwerdtfeger's fellow towns- men, l^owever. have also claimed his service in public office. For two terms he was a member of the city council, serving from 1890 until 1894. when he was elected coun- ty judge, a position which he held for a term of four years. A contemporary biog- rapher has said of him : Asa judge on the bench he has distinguished himself as a wise and able jurist, bringing to bear in the discharge of his official duties all those qualities of probity, tliscernment and strict integrity that characterize him as a lawyer and as a business man." Judge L. Schwerdtfeger was made a IMa ■ son in Lincoln Lodge, Xo. 210, in 1880. and is also a member of Logan Chapter, Xo. 147, R. A. M.. and Constantine Com- mander}, Xo. 51. K. T., of which he was eminent commander. He rqiresented his commandery in the grand commandery of the state and is also a member of Peoria Con- sistory and Mohamet Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to Lincoln Lodge. X'o. 204, I. O. O. P.. of which he is past grand. and represented his lodge in the grand lodge of the state. He takes an active part in the work of the Modern XWxKlmen of America. In X<)vember, 1880. occurred the mar- riage of the Judge and Miss .\melia L. Koehnle. of Lincoln, and unto them have been born five children, namely: Lucille P., Bertram H.. Estelle A., William K. . and James Harry. The gracious hospitality of their home is enjoyed by a very large circle of friends. The Judge is a member of the American Microscopical Society, and sjjends much of his leisure time in study of the sci- ences. He is to-day a man of broad scholarly attainments, well versed on the social, ix>liti- cal and economic questions which claim public attention, and is in politics an uncom- promising Republican. He is recognized as a leader in the ranks of the part\- in the coun- ty, and his able arguments and strong per- suasive powers ha\"e l>een a potent factor in extending Republican influence. Keenly alive to the interests of the city as well as those of state and nation, he co-operates in e\ery mo\ement for the general gootU and has been the promoter of a number of enter- prises which have resultetl in advancing pul>- lic prosperity. He stands to-day as one of the most popular, honored and resi^ected men of Logan county — one who by the im- provement of his opportunities and the faith- ful discharge of every duty of life has gained the esteem of all with whom he is asso- ciated. T.VMES MELROSE. James Melrose, deceased, was one of the best-known and highly esteemed citizens of Logan county, Illinois. He was a native of the state, born in Edwards countv, Fcbru- 238 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ary 23, 1826, and was one of eight children born to Archibald Melrose and wife. The father, who dqiarted this life in Edwards county, was an extensive farmer. The life itf a farmer Ixiy is one unend- ing round of toil, and that of our subject was no exception to the rule. From the time he was old enough to do the small chores necessary in farm life he had to do his share of the work. This e.xperience fonned in him habits of industry that clung to him through life. Like a faithful son. he assisted on the home farm until he was six- teen years of age. at which time his father died, the mother having passed away live years i)revious. Being thus left to care for himself, he assisted his brother on a farm in Wayne county, and by hard work and economy he soon accumulated enough to purchase for himself eighty acres in that ccjunty. which he worked faithfully for st>me time. He then moved to bnva. where he carried on the same occui)aticcurred on May 20. 1895. On September 20. 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Shores, daugh- ter of Hiram Shores, of Wayne county. The following children were lH»rn to them: Emily, now Mrs. Charles Hawes, of .Au- gusta, Kansas; Lovina. who died June J3, 1900: Louisa, who son. Samuel Hyde, was born in 1^)37. and married Jane Ice. .\mong their children was Samuel Hyde, who was born in \(tC,~, and married Elizabeth Calkins. iheir son. Elijah Hyde, was iKirn in 1705. and married Ruth Tracy. The next in direct descent was .An- drew Hyde, our subjects great-grandfather, who was Ixirn in 173J anl at Sum- mer Hill si.\ years, and in 1848 acccjUcd a position as teacher in the Pittsticld schinds. where he remained twelve years. In .\pril. i8(K). he eml)arkeen- efit of young business men. In 1871 and 1874 he carefully (jrejiared and juiblished directories of the city, and also preparetl a work entitled The Science of .\ccounts. a treatise of more than ordinary merit, which, if used practically, will save labor and facil- itate the record of commercial transactions. Politically Mr. Hyde was originally an old-line Whig, and voted for Gencraf Har- rison in 1836 and 1840. In 1856 he suj)- ported James Buchanan for the presidency, and has voted for every Democratic candi- date for that office since that time. While a resident of Pike county he was electetl countv superintendent of schools, and effi- ciently filled that office for three years, dur- ing which time he did much to elevate the schools of the county. He also .served as deputv assessor four years in that county, and since coming to Lincoln has Ixjen cilv assessor and deinity townsbij) assessor. In 1867 he was appointed a memlK-r of the school lH»arositi(Mi he filled two vears. and was also a meml»er of the committee to visit schools. In i8inted city collector, and in .April. i8()g. was elected city treasurer. He is also serving as city comptroller, and his ofticial duties have always been most faithfully and satisfactorily performed. Mr. Hyra. llHnxis, and through I)e Kallj county many «>f the residences and huiKhngs of various kinds still testify to his artistic taste and the sohdity of his work. In 189J lie was called to Lincoln. Illi- nois, to take the ]XJsition of foreman of the corps of government builders and contract- ors, by the appointment of the governor, and for five years he filled that position with the greatest ability, this resulting in his apix>int- ment in 1897 as chief of the corps of con- tractors at the Home for Eeeble Minded Children. Since that time the imposing structure which is the ])resent home for those unfortunates, as well as the industrial building on the state grounds, stand as last- ing monuments to his architectural design- ing as well as to his great knowledge of the art of construction. Mr. Loveland was married Septcml>er 6, 1882, in Aurora, Illinois, to Miss ]sa Kinnaird, who was Iwjrn in Little Rix-k. Illi- nois, in i860, and who was a daughter of James Kinnaird. ' The latter was a gallant soldier in the Civil war, who gave up his life for his country. The Ixfltned mother of Mrs. Loveland is a daughter of Lord Hunter, a nobleman of Scotland. She has reached the age of seventy-two years, and makes her home with her daughter. Mrs. Loveland was well educated in the schLX>ls of Little Rock, and is a lady of culture and refinement. To Mr. and Mrs. Loveland one daughter has l)ecn born, Jean, whose birth occurred in OctoU-r, 1889. She is now a student in the public .scIkkjI in Lin- coln. .\ltliiiugh Mr. Lovc'l.ind has always l)cen a Repulilican, his life has been tiH> busy to enable him to accept otVice of a |xilitical na- ture, 'llie religions connection of the fam- •ilv is with tlai CumbtTland I're.sbvteriaii church, where they are \alued for their true Christian characters. Sf ex- perience and sound judgment? When we trace the career of those who stand highest in public esteem we find in nearly every case that they are those who have risen gradually, fighting their way in the face of all opjxisi- tion. Self-reliance, conscientiousness, en- ergy, honesty, these are the traits of char- acter that ensure the highest emoluments and greatest success. To these we may at- tribute the success that has crowned the ef- forts of the man who.se name stands at the head of this review. Our subject was one of five chiUlren who were born to I-Vederick and Catherine ( Rav- cnsburg) Willmert. The father was a na- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tive of Germany and was reared on a farm, where he assisted his fatlier in the many duties of that calling until he grew to man- hood, when he engaged for himself in agri- cultural pursuits, which he followed with more than ordinary success up to the date of his death, which occurred in i860. His widow and five children survive him. Our subject was about one and a half years of age at the time of his father's death. The mother was also a native of Germany, and received a good education at the place of her birth. In 1891 she left her native country to join her son, John H. In November, 1872, our subject engaged passage on a steamer and embarked for the United States, landing in the city of Xew York, where he remained for a short time, looking for work, and, hearing of the op- portunities afforded young men of pluck and energy in the far west, he started for Illinois, and arrived in Lincoln, November 16, 1872. He at once found work as a hand on one of the farms about four miles south of the city, where he continued for five years. By close attention to his duties and by energy and perseverance and eco- nomical habits he in a short time was en- abled to purchase one hundred and eighteen acres of land in Eminence township, on sec- tion 26, and here he made many impro\e- ments and a home for himself, on which he resided until the year 1886, engaging in general farming and stock raising to some extent. He was successful in all of his undertakings and had the confidence of all who knew him, as an upright and fair deal- ing man. In the year last named he pur- chased a farm of one hundred acres also on section 26, Eminence township, which is now under a high state of cultivation and on which he at present resides. From time to tiiue he has added to this property until at this date he is the owner of four hundred and seventeen acres of rich and fertile farm- ing land, on sections 25, 26 and 36. !Mr. Willmert was united in marriage, on the loth day of June, 1880, with Miss Caro- line Bock, daughter of the late Adam Bock, of Lincoln, Illinois, who was one of the rep- resentative citizens of Logan county, hi.s death occurring in August, 1881. To our subject and his wife were born nine chil- dren, of whom eight are still living, namely : Frederick W. was born June 20, 1881 ; iliiuiie K. was born December i, 1883; Mary D. was born April 11, 1886; John H. was born March 14, 1888; George A. was born July 25, 1891 ; Caroline, named after her mother, was born ]^Iarch 14, 1894, and died on the 30th of the ne.xt May ; Martha was born August 9, 1895 ; and Catherine, named after her grandmother, was Ixirn on the 8th of February, 1898: and Albert Carl H. was born April 14, 1901. All of the chil- dren reside at home with their parents, and are members of the Evangelical church. Mr. Willmert is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows and also of the Modern Woodmen of America. In politics he is a Republican, and at the pres- ent time holds the position of road commis- sioner of Eminence township, which office he has held for three years. He also held the position of school director for nine years, ^\■hile never taking a very active part in politics, he has always Ijeen a pub- lic-spirited man and an advocate for all that tends to advance and improve the interests of the community in which he lives, and es- pecially has he been interested in educational matters, and is giving his children every opportunity that the schools of the county afford. One of the great disadvantages with which he had to contend was his lack of knowledge of the English language, yet 244 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. he-was well versed in tlic c«>niini»n l)ranches of study in his own language. W'liile not nunilx?red among tlic pioneers of the county, he has given tliirty of the best years of his hfe to its growth and development, and in every enterjirise which has a tentlency for tlie public gointed as- sistant superintendent and placed in charge of the medical de])artment of the Illinois Asylum for I'eeble Minded Children, and in June. 1901. was re-apiK)inted to the same [»>- sition under the administration of tiovemor Yates, for a term of four years, which fact plainly indicates the efficient manner in which he has filled the office. Dr. Barnett has lieen twice marrieal church of Lincoln, and for .some time wa.s superintendent of the Sunday-schriginally from I'jigland. Our subject was born in Logan county. Illinois, October 17. 1855. Here he grew to manhoo Miss Rulli .Shiiilcx. ;i d.iughter of Sanniel Shipley, of Ohio. This union was blessed with three sons, as follows: Don. Jean and Hurch. Politically Dr. Lee is a Rciniblican and while not a bitter |)artisan. has yet an abid- ing faith in the princii)les of his party. He is a memljer of the Masonic order, Atlanta Lodge. No. 165. .\. P. & A. M.: Atlanta Chapter, No. 188. R. .\. .M.. and Constan- tine Commandery. .\<>. 31. of Lincoln, and also the Mahomet Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Peoria. The Doctor is past mas- ter of the blue looard and at present holds the office of pres- ident. The Doctor, who is yet in tlie prime of life, is highly esteemed by all who know him. and stands well among the members of his profession. He is energetic, enter- prising and enthusiastic, and just such a citizen as gives character to the connnunity. RiCiiAKD P. XAl.L. There is no resident of ILnrtsburg who has .so long resided here as Richard P. Nail, the well known and po|)ular proprietor of the Xall House. He has been closely iden- tifieme in Hartsburg when the village was first start- ed. He is the only one now living here that resided in Hartsburg at the time. He first engaged in general merchandising, which he followed for a few years and was then appointed postmaster, filling that position during a part of both of President Cleve- land's administrations, .\fter his retire- ment from office Mr. Xall and his wife Ije- gan keeping boarders, and the Xall House has always found fa\-or with the public on account of the e.xcellent table and the con- sideration which is paid to the welfare and comfort of the guests. Mr. Xall also owns several acres of land adjoining his home antl is extensively engaged in raising pota- toes, for which he has gained a wide repu- tation. His property interests also include several building lots in Hartsburg. He is also agent for the firm of Emmons & Com- oany, of Xewark, Xew Jersey, and does a large nursery business. In lis political views he is a stalwart Democrat, and three times he has been elect- ed to the office of police magistrate, but only once has he consented to serve. He has also held the position of town marshal and other minor offices. Socially he is con- nected with the .\ncient Order of I'nited Workmen of Hartsburg, and both he and hi*^ wife are c;i.ii; v-liiircli of Hartsbiirg. in .which lie is now serving as trustee. In his busi- ness affairs he lias i)nisi)ere«l, for his efforts liave iR'en carefully directetl an >ld age of ninety-one years. During his boyhood our subject attended the common schools, and after receiving a good practical education turned his attention to agricultural juirsuits. In 1855 he came to DeWitt county, Illinois, where he re- mained .s<»me time. Later he came to Logan county and followed farming until failing health necessitated his retirement from that occui>ation. and he then engaged in the butcher business alnnit two years. With the ho])e of benetilting his health he removed to Iowa in 1878. but there tlied two years later, honored ami resjiected by all who knew him. .\s a com])anion and helpmate on life's j((urnev Mr. (imves chose Miss Elizabeth .\. Curry, and their wedding was celebrated in September jf>. 18(17. She is a native of Ohio, anecaine the i»arents of four cliildren, nainely : Harry M.. who resides in Chicago; Lester L. and Oiarles Iv. who are all marrierlast eight years, and most <»f that time has Ijeen clerk of the official lx>ard. He has also taught a large class of young men in the Sunday school for twelve years. Several times he has rq)resenteil his congregation in the Presljytery, and was a member of the general asembly of the Cuml)erland Presby- terian church which met at Chattanijoga, Tennessee, in 1900. Socially he is a mem- Ijer of the Mect bv all who know him. RE\'. pi:ri:K ri:i\1)1-:rs. Rev. Peter Reinders, pastor of the Evan- gelical .\ssociation church of Mt. Pulaski, was iKirn in Rhenish Prussia. September 15. 1827. and is a son of Peter and (iertrude (Mnukhaus) Reinders. who were farming THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 2S3 people of tliat country. In 1S54 the family crossed the broad Atlantic in a sailing vessel, and after thirty-eight days upon the water landed in New York city. They first lo- cated at Beardstown. Illinois, but the fol- lowing spring came to Logan county, and rented a farm in Mt. Pulaski township, which die father operated with the assist- ance of his sons. There he died in 1SS3. and his wife in 187^. They had five chil- dren, all sons, namely : (lerhardt. who con- tracted consumption while serving in the German army and died in bis native land at the age of twenty-four years ; Peter, our sub- ject: Henry, who also died in Germany in early manbn.Hl; and John and Detrich. who died in this country. The subject of this review attended the public .schools of Germany for the regularly prescribed time, from the age of six to four- teen years, and then learned the trade of a tinner, at which he served a three years' aji- prenticeship. During the following three vears he was in the Prussian army, and on the expiration oi that time worked at his trade two years. Before leaving Germany he was married in April, 1834, to Miss Ophuls. also a native of that country, and a daughter of Gerhardt and Sabilla (Clap- door) Ophuls. Two weeks after their marriage Mr. Reinders and his bride came to the L'nited States with his parents, and he was engageil in farming with his father and brothers in Mt. Pulaski township, this county, for two years. During the following four years he was engaged in farming upon his own ac- count on rented land, and then purchased one hundred acres in that township, which he sold four years later. He next bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Aetna township, and in ihc imiiroxement and cultivation (if that ])lace he devoted his time and attention until 1896. thougii he has made his home in Mt. Pulaski since dis- posing of his first farm in 1871. He still owns a valuable farm (jf two hundred and forty acres in Sangamon county, Illinois, which is under a high state of cultivation and well inijiroved. This place he rents. .Mr. Reinders" first wife died March 10. i8()(). and the following June he married Miss Wilhelmina Bollinger, of Mt. Pulaski, who was also born in Germany. Deceml)er -/• ^^77- ^"'' came to the United States in 1890. Her parents died in the old world. :Mr. Reinders has always affiliated with the Republican -party since voting for .\braham Lincdln in 18^)4. .\t an early age be united widi the Evangelical .\ssociation. and was ordained a minister of that denomination by Bishop Escher. of Chicago, in 1876. since which time he has been a local preacher, having charge of the church at Mt. Pulaski. His life is exemplary in all respects, and he has ever supported those interests which are calculated to uplift and benefit humanity, while his own high moral worth is deserving of the highest com- mendation. EDWWRl) J. DITTUS. One of the most popular and successful \oung business men of Mt. Pulaski is Ed- ward J. Dittus. a dealer in lumber and all kinds of building material. He is a native of Logan county, born on a farm in Chester township. May 5, 1876, and is a son of Frederick and Sarah (Hagenbuck) Dittus. His earlv life was spent upon the home farm, and he acquired his primary education in the district schools of Chester township. Later he attended the Mt. Pulaski high school, and in 1894 took a commercial course in both German and English at the 254 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Waltlicr Commercial College. St. Louis. Missmiri. where he was graduated the fol- lowing year. Returning to his home in Mt. I'ulaski, he commenced clerking for C. D. Streeter. a lumlRT dealer, the following year, and in January. 1897. hought an interest in the business, whicli was then conducted under the linn name of Streeter & Dittus until laiuiary, i8y8, when his partner sold out to W. E. Stoll. and the name was changed to Dittus & Stoll. This partnership lasted until January, 1901. when Mr. Dittus thought out .Mr. Stoll and has since been alone in business. He oo, to Miss Mary Werth, of Lincoln, Illinois, a daughter of John and Louise Werth. She was reared and educated in this county, and by her marriage has become the mother f>\ a little daughter, Ruth Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Dittus are members of the, l-irst Luth- eran church of Mt. Pulaski, and are iiighly respected and f-lecninl b^ nil wl., , km iw them. bkl-.Dl-.KKK C. W. K()i:ilXl.l".. l'"reilerick C. W. Koehnle, ex-circuit clerk and land agent for the linn of Koehnle \- Trap]), of Lincoln, as well as president of the (ierman -American X:ition.il r,.ink, of which he was the principal organizer, is a native of (iermany, l>orn January 4, 1837, in Esslingen. a large manufacturing city containing the government railroad slujps, near Stuttgart, the capital of Wurtemburg. His father, I-Vaucis Joseph K.>ehnlc, was then in the military service, but .sent a short time in New Jersey, whence he removetl to Pottsville, Penn.sylvania, where, t>wing to a general depression in business, it was impos- sible to obtain a suitable situation. Being determined to succeed and willing to engage in any honorable empIoymeiU. he w< irked for a short time in the coal mines. In 1S53 Mr. Koehnle came to Mt. PuI.-ls- ki. Logan county, Illinois, and worked, sejvi- rately, within a few months, on a farm, in a brickyard, and as a" clerk in a store. In Oc- tober of the same year he was emi)loyed to wiite in the office of Samuel Emmitt, circuit clerk, and in January. iS3(). removed with the county seat to Lincoln. I-'mm the fol- lowing .\ovember imtil iS(>4 he served as dejuity circuit clerk under the late Joseph C Webster, and was then himself elected cir- cuit clerk of Logan county for a term of four years, and. at the expiration of that ])eril. and to go there he was obliged to travel on the Rhine through the Netherlands to Rotterdam, that being the only outlet; from there to Grimsby. Eng- land: and from Queenstown. Ireland, to Boston. The latter vovage was made on a Cunard steamer and lasted eighteen days. ^Ir. Koehnle was much exposed to tiie weather and encountered fearful storms. On his arrival in Boston his constitution was so completely l^roken down that he was unable to walk, and he was conveyed by friends to the residence of his sister in Jersey City, where for two months he lay upon a bed of sickness. During that time be Ijecame so low that his life was despaired of. On partially regaining his strength he returned to his western home, where he remained until June of the following year without recovering his health. He then again went to Germany, where, by the use of baths at the best bathing places, he recovered from his illness, and in September. 1871. returned with his family to Lincoln. Mrs. Koehnle died in this city February 5. 1876. and he was again married October 11. 1883. his second union being with Mary A. Zimmerman, of Philadelphia, a sister of Fred Zimmerman, of the firm of Zimmerman & Xixon, of Philadelphia. In 1S62 Mr. Koehnle laid out a portion of Lincoln, known as Koehnle's addition. In company with Frederick Trapp. be now has the management of the business of Will- iam Scully, of Washington, D. C. a nati\e of Ireland and an extensive land-bolder in Illinois. Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. Mr. Koehnle has had many formidable obsta- cles to encounter, but by perseverance has overcome them. The position he holds among his fellow men has lieen gained through his own exertions; while his financial acquisi- tions, which are extensive, are the legitimate result of earnest and persevering efforts. He is a man of public spirit and enterprise, genially disjxjsed. and has many friends. Mr. Koehnle was an active Republican from the time of Fremont's presidential cam- paign until 1872, when lie l)ecame identifie3 with the liberal movement, for which he was THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a delegate at Cincinnati, but since then he has voletl tlie Rei>ubhcan ticket. In 1858 lie was apiKjinted by Governor Bissell as notary iniblic, to which office he has Ijeen re- ai>i>ointeil by each succeetling governor. He was electetl a trustee of the town of Lincoln ill .\i)ri]. i8()0; scIuh.1 insi)ector in July. 1 Sr.7 : and alderman for the Second w ard of the city March 8. i8>unty. but after a short time he re- turned to the Buckeye state an>i their chililren are now living: Isaac. >>\ this review: Eliza- l>eth. who resides with her brother in Harts- burg: and Thomas Rufus. a retired farmer of the same place. Isaac Sherwood was educated in the common schu\ .\ugust .'5. 1828. in Somerset county. Xew Jersey, of which state his parents. Dominicus and Catherine ( Terlniuc I Stryker. were also natives. His maternal grandm.>ther was l)orn in Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish de- scent. The father, who was a hotel-keei)er at Millstone. Xew Jersey, died in i8.^_', and THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 259 the mother only siirvivetl him alxnit a mtmtli. They were tlie parents of seven cliildren, all of whom reached maturity, namely: Mary Terhune, who died in Xew Jersey about 1886: Adaline, who is now the widow of Abram Williamson and is living in Somerville, Xew Jersey, at the ai;e of eiglity-two year.s : John, a resident of Phila- delphia. Pennsylvania: Stephen, who died in Xew Jersey: Theodore, who entered the I'nion army durinj^' the C'i\il war. hut on ac- count of his health was obliged to return 10 his home in Lincoln. Illinois, where he died in iSfu : Henry T.. our subject: and Catherine, wlm is living with her sisters in Somerville, Xew Jerse\-. They were all educated in the public schools of that state, John was gi\en exceptit)nal educational ad- vantages by an uncle and became a success- ful dry goods merchant of Philadelphia. Henry T, Stryker has but little recollec- tion of his parents, being only four years old at the time of their deaths. He then made his home with his grandfather Stry- ker in Xew Jersey, and grew ti> manhood ujjon a farm. On attaining his majoritv he .started out to make his own way in the world, and engaged in farming on his own account until coming west in 1855. when lie commenced work at the carpenter's trade in Jacksonville, Illinois. Being of a me- chanical turn of mind, he met with ra])id advancement, and it was not long befure he had thoroughly ma.stered every detail of the work. Having a brother in Lincoln, Mr. Stryker came to this ])lace after s])ending five years in Jacksonville, and began con- tracting and building. He met with g 1 success, erecting many Mr. ;ind Mrs. Stryker. one died in infancy and Lottie .M. died at the age of twenty years. Lina M.. born in 1863, is the wife of W. B. Pish, ^r. ])., of Chicago: Mary Gertrude, born in i8f;(). is the wife of V. G. T'erkins, of |-I,„-ida: Perrv Jord;in. born in iSjj 1i;ls charge of a samtaVium for backw.nrd chil- dren at Wheaton. Illin..is: and lulius Ben- 26o THE BIOGRArHICAL KKCOUlJ. ner Hogart. born in 1879. was graduated ironi the Lincoln high school. anlic schools. Mr. Stryker has never taken any active part in iH>litical affairs, ami always votes for the men whom he considers best (|uali- fied for ofhce. regardless of party lines. His has l)een a very active and usefnl life, and he is well known and highly respecteers of the Pres- byterian church at Lincoln, altiiough later sfime have transferred their meml)ership elsewhere. j.\mf:s johxstox. James Johnston is one of the progress- ive citizens of Logan county and his life stands in e.xemplification of the fact that America offers mo.st excellent o])i)ortunities to her citizens. She is continually attract- ing to her shore men of energy, detennina- tion and ambition and improving the advan- tages found in the new wx>rld, they work their way upward to prosperity and l)ecome valued residents of their adopted land. Such a one is Mr. Johnston, and his active, upright life is in many resiH.'cts well worthy of enn\lation. He was In.rn in County l-"ermanagh. Ireland. Decemlwr 2-,. 1S31;. but is of Scotch i)arcntage. He is a son of John and Katherine ( P.rien') b.hnston, Ix.th of whom were natives of Scotland. His ojjportuni- ties for securing an education were very meager. At the age of nine years- he ac- companied his parents to (ilasgow. Scot- land, and the following year was employed as an erranck fann of twelve hundred and forty acres in Mis- souri, where he engages in .farming and feeding stock, having as many as three hundred head tif cattle u]>on the place. He has eighty humlred and forty acres in Bates county, mostly in grass, and a large tr^jct in Dade county. Since 18S0 he has not re- sided upon his farm in .\etna town.ship. Lo- gan county, but is still engaged in handling grain and stock. On the full of February. i8f/.. Mr. John- ston was united in marriage to Miss Mary M. Moffatt. of Ontario. Canada, the eldest tlaugliter of James and Martha (Caldwell) Moffatt. I'nto them have been lx>rn the f..llo\vint: chil.lren: Martha, who .lied at THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlie age of ten years ; Sarali Evangeline, now the wife of Cliarles Ricliards, of Lincoln; Katherine Itla: Tercival Brien, who is with the ChanilxM-s. Bering, Ouinlan Company. Decatnr: Minnie E.,who is at home; Henry, who died at the age of two }ears ; Elorcnce ]\Ioffatt, wlio is in the Lincoln University ; and Helene Maude, who completes the fam- ily. Mrs. Moffatl is still living, eighty-four vcars of ;ige. Our subject and his wife are very acceptable members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in his political views he is a stalwart Republican, unswerving in his advocacy of the principles of the party. He believes firmly in i)rt)gress along ma- terial, soci.-il. educational and moral lines, and co-operates with any practical move- ment to secure ad\ancement. His lieautiful home at Xo. 14,^ Eleventh street, Lincoln, i.s in one of the attracti\-e residence portions of the city and is the visible evidence of the busy and useful life of the owner, whose splendid success is but the legitimate out- come of his own labors, directed by sound judgment. In ;ill transactions he is hon- orable and straightforward, atid his life rec- ord is one which will bear the closest scrutiny and will be found to be abo\-e re- proach. JEFFERSOX M. SULLIVAX. Jefferson M. Sullivan, one of the most highly respected farmers of luninence town- ship, Logan county, residing on section 15, comes of a good old Xorth Carolina fam- ily. His parents. E. P. and Obedience (Stroud) Sullivan, were natives of that •State, the latter being a daughter of Thomas .Stroud. 1'^. P. Sulli\-an was reared to man- hood on his father's farm, and received a gO(jd education in the countrv schools. ])uring the I'.lack 1 lawk war he served faith- fully to tile end and was honorably dis- charged. .\t its close he removed to Iowa, where he spent his remaining days, dying in the year 1892, the mother surviving four years. They were the parents of ten chil- dren. Jefferson M. was born in 1-jiiinencc township, August 8. i83(), the place of his birth lieiiig his i)resent home. Here he grew to maturity, and in the spring of i8()2 he enlisted in Company H, Sixty-eighth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Le- roy T. Brown, serving with distinction six months. At the end of this time he was compelled t(j return home, having contracted a se\ere case of rheumatism, and on Sep- tember 22, i86_', he was houcirably dis- charged. He located in Logan countw Illi- nois, where he has since tilled the soil for a livelihootl. The old home consists of si.xty acres of well improved land. On Xovember 15, 1863. 'Sir. Sulli\an was united in marriage with I\Iiss Emma Lindsey, the daughter of James Lindsey, one of Logan cly known throui'houl his comniunit\-, and well de- 262 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. serves the high regard in which he is uni- formly held, as he was not only true to his comitry in the hour of neeys he is one of the two who survive: Francis M., whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work, gave his life in defense of the stars and stripes, July 29, 1863. The two girls were Mrs. W. W. Richmond and Margaret M.. who was the wife of F. M. Hoblit, deceased, and died Octol)er 28. 18A4. Guy H.. a brother of our subject, is represented on another page of this volume. The father of our sul)ject. James Tut- tle, was an old pioneer and a native of the Buckeye state, lx>rn in .Xthens county, De- cember 16. 1806. The mother of our sub- ject was a native of New York state, 'i'lie j)aternal grandi)arents were Chandler and Jane ( Xeal ) Tuttle, who were of English descent and were the parents of .seven chil- dren. James Tuttle's first wife died Sep- teml)er 5, 18^16, and he later married Mrs. Emma Turner, who was l)orn in December. t8o(^, and died on July 29, i8<)7. Mr. Tut- tle was an energetic and excellent farmer and met with sucess in his agrioiltural pur- suits, making him financially well-to-do. As a result of the confidence re])ose(l in him by I)eo])lc in general, he was made a meml)cr of the old state constitutional conveiuion and for several years held the ix)silion of suijervisor of AtlaiUa township, his jjolitical views l>eing in sui)|)ort of the Rqniblican party. He was a thortmgh business man. having learned every detail ui the ix>rk packing business in Cincinnati, besides which he had a thorough knowledge of the manufacture of brick. His declining years were spent on a part <)f the several tracts of land which he ac(iuired by years of toil. Death called him April 14, 1899. Thomas D. Tuttle, our subject, was lK)rn in Logan county, Illinois. Se|)temlier i, 1847. and was reared on his father's farm, receiving wliat education he could gleam from the conunon country schtxjls of those days. U|)on reaching manluMxl he went to Chicago and tiK)k a thorough course in lx>okkeeping. On Septemljer 4, 1870. was celebrated the marriage of our subject to Miss Emma Turner, a daughter of Harvey and Eliza- l)eth (Hoblit) Turner, of Logan county, and this union has Ijeen blessed with five children, one of whom died in infancy. The living are as follows: .\della, born on the old homestead. Octolier 8, 1871 : Bessie E., born December 3, 1876: Earl S., lx>rn June 7. 1881 : and Guy H.. l)orn Juiie 27. 1886. Mr. Tuttle embarked in the flour and milling business at .\tlanta. in 187(1, assum- ing the interest and control of his father- in-law's .stock in the above mill, which was one of the largest in the county. Being a gixul financier, he continued in that cajiac- ily until 1882. when the mill was «lestroyed by fire. The mill was built and previ- ously run by the firm of H. Turner & Com- ])any, who were succeeded by Turner, Tut- tle & Comi)any. Seeking a change of cli- mate, in 1888 our subject located in Cali- fornia, where he remained until Xovemlier. 1892. when he returned to l.oj^.m coiuUy THE BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. 263 and resumed his farming interests. At the same time he was temporarily appointed postmaster and for two years served in that capacity, perfonning the duties of that of- fice for John B. Lambert. In 1891 occurred the deatli of liis wife and nine years later, on the 10th of March. 1900. he was again united in marriage with Mrs. Ida B. Starker, a daughter of William McCance. of Logan county. Mrs. Tuttle is a devout member of the Baptist church. The subject of this review affiliates with the Republican party in politics, and is prominently identified with the L'nited Workmen and Modern Woodmen lodges. A hard working, energetic man. Mr. Tut- tle meets every requirement of a patriotic citizen, and in strict attendance to his duties of home and farm, has never been moved to seek greater publicity. JOHX M. ROTHWELL. One of the most prominent and influ- ential citizens of Mt. Pulaski is John ;M. Rothwell. who has taken an active part in promoting its substantial improvement and material development. He was born in Lancaster. Garrard county, Kentucky, Oc- tober 5, 1843. ^"d is a son of Thomas and Matilda Rothwell. the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Kentucky, where their marriage was celebrated. His pater- nal grandfather, Thomas Rothwell, was also born in \'irginia, and at an early day re- moved with his family to Kentucky, where he si>ent the remainder of his life. Our subject was reared as a farmer lx>y in his native place, and received a good, practical education in the public schools. He remained under the parental roof until 1863. when he went to Sangamon county, Illinois, and engaged in farming and the stock business. During the Civil war he lK)ught mules for the government in the states of Illinois, Pennsylvania aiul Ken- tucky, and sometimes turned over to the gov- ernment agency as many as one hundreil mules at a time. In 1864 he had charge of the business of John T. Allen, the great cat- tle king and mule operator, in whose interests he traveled all over Kentucky, Arkansas, In- diana. Ohio. Tennessee and Xorth and South Carolina, buying stock. In 1865 ^Ir. Rothwell came to Logan county, where he was engaged in farming for a time, but from 1873 until 1882 he was a resident of Kansas, and for five years of that time operated a flouring mill on the Arkansas river at O.xford, and from there went to Indian Territory. « here he was en- gaged in the cattle business. Returning to Logan county. Illinois, in 1883, he hxated in Elkhart township, and engaged in feed- ing cattle for a time, but later Ixxight and fed hogs and operated five hundred acres of land. In March, 1894, he took up his resi- dence in Mt. Pulaski, and has since been prominently identified with the business and political interests of this place. He is now successfully engaged in buying and shipping cattle, hogs and sheep, Chicago being his principal market. In 1865 Mr. Rothwell was united in mar- riage with Miss Agnes \'. Scroggin, a na- tive of Logan county, and a daughter of Leonard K. and Lavina ( Buckles) Scrog- gin. They have become the parents of four children: Myrtle, who is now the wife of Nelson Gasaway : Thomas, a farmer and breeder of the noted Polled Angus cattle; John, teller in the Scroggin Bank at Mt. Pulaski; and Mabel, who is still in school. Politically Mr. Rothwell is a pronounced '''4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Democrat, and lie has taken quite an active and intlucntial part in pnljlic affairs. He has lilleil tlie c.fttccs of highway cuinmissioner and oiunly sui)cr\isor. and in 1S9O was clcctc9, and served, in all, three years, to tlie entire satisfaction of the pub- lic. His hnsiness has ever hcen such as to make it necessary for him to travel tpiite extensively, and he has become widely known thronj^hout the west and south. He is genial, courteous, enterprising and pro- gressive, of commendahle jmhlic spirit, and in all the relations of life has been found true to every trust reposed in him. D.WID nnwLKS. l^igan county had witnessed the arrival of .few of her citizens when David Howies took uj) his abode within her Ixirders. His residence in (Jrvil township now antedates that of any other i)crson living in the com- munity, for he came here in iSj^h, then a young man of twenty-one. He has watched the devclojnnent and growth of this portion (jf the state as it has emerged from the wil- derness and from the barren jjrairie to bloom and blossom as the rose, and in the work of upbuilding and advancement he has |)orne a part of signal usefulness. He is now liv- ing retired after many years connection with agricultural interests, enjoying a well-earned rest in his plea.sant home in I'.mden. The Bowles family originated in Eng- land, the first of the name Ixfing .Stephen Bowles, who lived in Dover. He had two sons who emigrated to the United Slates some time prior to the Revolutionary war. It is U'lieved that these tw<» brothers, lesse and David, settled in the New England states, as David had a son John, who was a ca])tain in the Kcvolutionary war. Stephen Bo\} les, of the third generation, married and had a family of f< .ur children. One < 'f these was David, who finally settled in \irginia. He, in turn, had a family of seven children, one of whom was Jesse. He also married and l)ecame the lather of seven children, of whom one was David, the great-grandfather of our subject. He quarried Minnie Rice, and they were the ])arcnts of nine children, of whom Jesse was one. I lannah Perkins be- came his wife, and to them were born nine childrc^l. rn September 15. 1822. is the wife of Peter J. Hawes. and resides in Augusta, Kansas : Sallie Ann. born Feb- ruary- 26, 1824. died in infancy : David is the next 'younger : Jesse P.. Ixirn June 18. 1827. married Maria Bevan. and resides in Mul- vane. Kansas : and ^^'iIliam F.. bom October 5, 1829, married Rebecca F. Martin, and lives in Delphos, Iowa. Like the other members of the family, David Bowles acquired only a common- school education. He assisted his father in the work of the farm in DeW'itt county, and while there was married on the 8th of May, 1845, ^liss Elizal)eth Ryan becoming his wife. She was lK)rn in Logan county. Ken- tucky, February 9. 1824, a daughter of the Rev. William and Frances (Edgar) Ryan, who removed to Logan ci>unt\-, Illinois, at an early day and here spent much of their lives. The mother passed away in 1850 in this countv. and the father died in Missouri in 1878. He was a farmer and a minister of the Christian church, and preached throughout this county. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bowles has ]>een blessed with seven children: Francis E., who was born April 20. 1846, died March 3, 1847; ^Vill- iam Hughes, who was born Decemljer 20, 1847, married Jennie Small wood, and they reside on a farm on section 2, Orvil town- ship, in connection with the cultivation of- which he conducts a grain elevator in Em- den ; Rebecca A., born Xovember 2, 1851. died INIarch 29, 1852; George H.. born April 2^. 1853, married Mollie Rogers, and is living in Mahaska county, Iowa; Sarah A., Ix>rn April 17, 1855, is the wife of D. H. Gamberling. a resident agriculturist (if Or\il township; Charles R., born December 12. 1856. married Annie Simpson, and is living on the old homestead in Orvil township : and David L.. born December 23. i860, married Annie Rogers, and resides in Emden. where he is engaged in general merchandising un- der the firm name of D. L. Bowles & Com- pany. After his marriage yiv. Bowles, of this re\iew. remained upoii the old lumiestead fami near Midland City until his fathers death, in 1846. He then removed to Orvil ttnvnship and settled on what is now section 2. where he entered land from the go\- ernment, for which he paid sixty-two and a half cents per acre, having a ^Mexican land warrant. He was the first settler in that i)art of the county. He began making impnne- ments, and as the years passed addetl ail the modern accessories and conveniences, tlui< transforming a barren tract of prairie land into one of the most desirable country seats in the county. He successfully carried on general farming until 1895, when, having acquired a handsome competence, he resolved to rest from his lalx)rs, and removed to Em- 268 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. den. where lie is now living retired, although lie still owns the honie place of more than three hnndreil acres of valuable land. His long residence in the county has made him well known, and the regard in which he is held throughout the community is shown hy the fact that he is often si^.ken i>f ;is '•Uncle Davy." He has never sought or de- sired public oflice. but gave his supi)ort to the Republican party until 1896, since which time he has been a Prohibitionist. Both he and his wife are meml)ers of the Christian church in Orvil township, in which he is also serving as elder, and in its wi>rk he takes a deq> interest, contributing generously to its supiK>rt. He owns a l)eautiful resilience on one of the principal streets of Emden. iukI there he and his estimable wife expect to si)en(l their remaining days. His life, up- right and honorable in all relations, has l)een one crownetl with success in business and with high regard in scxial life. A.\l)Ki:\V J. lU'.KRVlllLI.. The subject of this review is .spending the dosing years of a long antl useful life free from business cares at his pleasant home in Lincoln. He was born near Bell- brook, (ireenc county, Ohio. March 22, 1827, a son of Samuel an4. when he retired from ac- tive lalM)r and has since made his home in Lincoln, where he owns a pleasant residence ;it (i.^i (."ollege avenue. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. >69 For his present wife Mr. Berryman mar- ried Miss Ida Beers, of Lincoln, in 1894. She is a native of Logan county, and a daugliter of Thomas and Hettie J. (Mar- tin lieers. Her mother (hed in 1898, the fatiier in October. 1883. By this union Mr. Berryman has two children : A. J. and Hettie Karine. In his political affiliations our subject is a stanch Republican, and in his religious views was a Methodist, liaving lieen a mem- ber of that church for many years. In 1884 he helped organize the Cumberland Presby- terian church at Center Point, of which he was trustee and elder, and he has since been a member of that demiminatinn. He not only takes an active part in churcli work, but contributes liberally to its support, and has hiied most of the offices in the church. He is pre-eminently public-spirited, and is held in high regard b\- all who know him. ADOLPH RIMERMAX. Adolph Rimerman. a retired farmer and highly esteemed citizen of Lincoln. Illinois, was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 3d <.f March, 1838, and is a son of Frederick and Fredericka ( Xansted ) Rimerman, who emigrated to America in 1845. They land- ed in Xew Orleans after a voyage of three months' duration, and proceeded up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, Missouri, whence they came to BatJi, Mason county, Il- linois, and located upon a farm. After making their home there until 1864. the father removed to West Lincoln township, Logan county, where he purchased two hun- dred acres of land; to the improvement and cultivation of which he devoted his energies until called to his final rest, March 2. 1887. He was born December 16, 1797. His wife. whose birth occurred January 29, 1802, died May 18, 1874. linth were members of the Evangelical church, and he was a Democrat in politics. The subject of this sketch was only seven years old when he came w ithh is par- ents to the new world, and during his boy- hood and youth he pursued his studies in the public schools of this state through the win- ter months, while during the summer season he worked on the home farm. At the age of twenty-four he left the parental roof and started out in life for himself as a farmer, his father giving him eighty acres of land the following year. On the f)tli of February, 1862. Mr. Rimerman married Miss Henrietta Gilbach, of Mason county. Illinois, who was born in Bavaria, (lerniany. and came to the Unitetl States with her mother. She died Septem- ber 24, 1883. and four of the ten children born of that union are also deceased. Those living are Mary F., who is now the wife of William Gale, of Lincoln, and has three sons. Ralph. Roy and Robert; Emma F., Frederick A.: X'ictor H.. a dentist of Li.n- coln : Clara: and Minnie. The mother of these children was a faithful member of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church. Mr. Rimerman was again married. Ajjril 30, 1885, his second union being with Mrs. Lucy Shear, of Lincoln, a daughter of .\mos and Sarah ( Bailey ) Higgin. The children b\- her former marriage were Eugene, a resi- dent of Lincoln: .\nna Lillian, wife of Rev. H. Smith, an Evangelical minister of Xiles Center, Illinois: and Frederick, an under- taker of Xebraska City, Xebraska. .\t the time of his first marriage Mr. Rimerman owned eighty acres of land in Mason county, and one hundred and si.xty acres in West Lincoln township, Logan county. anr- ganizing the (lerman-.Xmerican Hank. I'f which he was president for alxnit eiglit years, lie also hcli>ed t<> organize the I-'armers Mutual Insurance Company, and has served as its treasurer ever since with exception of one year, and is also one of its directors. The Democratic party finds in .Mr. Kimcrman a stanch supporter of its princi- ples, and lie lias taken a very acti\e and in- Huential part in political affairs, serving as sui)ervisnr of West Lincoln township two >ears. lie also tilled the otiice of county treasurer from 1890 to 1894. and has heen alderman of the city from the third ward, having heen a second time elected to that office in the spring of ujoo. His otYicial duties have always l)een most capahly and satisfactorily performed, winning for him the commendation i>f all concerned. He is puhlic-spiriled and progressive, and gives his support to all worthy enterprises who.se object is to jiromote the general welfare ot the community in which he lives. Relig- iously he is a member of the Evangelical church of Lincoln, in which he .served as deacon for fifteen years, hut since resign- ing that position has held 110 church office. |( )ll\ A. MMI'.^i '\. John .\. Simpson, of this review, is one of the leading contractors and builders of Lincoln, Illinois, and has been an esteemed resident of this citv since October 8. iSiq. The birth of Mr. Simpson t)ccurred in R. .Chester. Oakland county, Michigan. May 30, 185J, and he was a son of Jeremiah and Sarah D. ( Hoppins) Simpson. Jeremiah Sinii)son. the father of our subject, was Ixirn in Trenton. New Jersey, in 1818, and is now hale and hearty, at the age of eighty-three years. In young man- hood he learned the tr.ide of .shoemaker, and later the cari)enter's tra»le, in New York, but at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war was a resident of \\ arren county, Ohio. He enlisted f<'r service in Company L I'ourth Ohio Cavalry, in which he was ser- geant, and was a faithful and efficient officer until he was disabled in one of the kittles and was honorably discharged in 1864. To his daring and bravery the government was indebted deeply, as the following letter will testify: ■■.\k.mv ok Cl.mueki.a.nu. "C.v.Mi' St.\.m.i:v. Tknn.. .\i)ril 19. d.v ■Cii/^hiin Mn-rt B. Dodd. "SiK: I sent Sergeant Simpson's de- scrijitive roll to him at Cleveland. Ohio, on I'ebruary i. 18^3. as soon as he sent for it. He left the regiment at Huntsville. Ala- bama, as a recruiting officer, is the reason he did not get his jiaj.ers. 1 am sorry his health is such that he caniu>t return to us. His courage and jiatriotism while with us won the friendship of all that knew him in the company. We miss him. He was emi- nently a good soldier ami a X. O. officer. He has lost his health in defen.se of his country, and his government ought to re- member him. He has st.«Kl by me in dangers, never shrinking from duty, always seeking the front. The government owes to him persi>nally the cajiture of all we got at Huntsville, at least one million dollars. The sergeant was one of the advance guanl, mounteursued the mail THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. carrier for miles after all the others gave out, captured him and the mail, keeping the intelligence from lluntsville of the ap- roach of General Mitclu'irs forces. Hence we took the place liy surprise completely on the morning of .April i. 1862. From that time until he left he was almost constantl\- in the saddle, scouting and skirmishing with the enemy. "I aiu vours obediently, "joii.N C Stewart, "Eirst Lieutenant. Commanding Company 1. Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. "The ahove statements are true. "C.VPT. F. Zl.M.MERMAX. •"Company K. Fourth Ohio X'olunteer C",7v- alry." Air. Simpson was married in 1850. in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Sarah D. Hoppins. who was born in Staunton, Virginia. She still survives, having always been a woman of remarkable activity. The children born to Sergeant and Mrs. Simpson were : Roljert, who died in 1898. in Peoria, where he had been engaged in business as carpenter, me- chanic and hotel-keeper; John .\.. the sub- ject of this sketch : Charles A., who lives in Lincoln: Aiuia, who is the wife of Edwartl W'odeski, a druggist, of Lincoln : and Doug- las C, alderman from the fifth ward. Both he and his brother Charles have long been associated with our subject in business. All of these children were given the best pos- sible school advantages, although the sons were early obliged to contribute to the sup- port of the family, as the father's means were limited when he located in this state. Since that time until his retirement from ac- tivity Mr. Sim])son followed the trade of carpenter, contractor and builder, extending his labors to Chicago, Indianapolis and Lin- coln. He assisted in the erection of many of the buildings of all kinds in this city, notably that of the Lincoln University. L'ntil he was sixteen years of age John .\, Simi)son attended school and was an apt and ambitious student. His first essay at bread-winning was as a clerk, but less than one year satisfied him that his talents must be directed in another direction, lie then entered a woolen mill for a short time, but it was in uSfuj) that he began upon ,1 trade which has brought him ample rewards and conspicuous position. His first work was with his father, with whom he remained for three years, or until he was a competent workman. He spent much time in Chicago, where his father had many contracts. Af- ter this he entered the employ of the archi- tect and contractor, Mr. Gayle. but in 1882, in connection with his father, he became a nieiul)er of the firm of builders and con- tractors which for the next six years did much of the building in this section. Then h.e bought his father's interest and took up in earnest the architectural part of the busi- ness, and in i8g8 passed a very satisfactory examination in it in Chicago. Mr. .Simpser 27, 1829. His father was Kol>ert Downing, who was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and was taken to Ohio by his parents when a latl and there received a frontier school education, later teaching scIkkiI for a few terms. His wife was ft>rmerly Jane Morrow, who was Ixirn in Cayuga county. New N'ork. but died in Logan county, at the age of eighty years, her husband surviving to the age of ninety-three years and si.\ months. Both sleej) in the Templeman cemetery, a daughter l)eing the first ^)erson interred in that ground. The Downing family landed in Logan county in August. 1822. At that time there were but few houses along the timber belt where they settled, but Robert Downing worked hard, cleared up a property and then went to Galena, where lalxirers were wanted in the lead mines. Here he was employed for two years, and in this time he accunui- latcd enough to return to Logan county and buy eighty acres of land. fi>r which he ))aid one dollar and twenty-five cents jier acre. This was but a begiiming, for as time went on his industry was rewarded and he finally owned nine hundred acres of land in this county. Ten children were born into this home, these being: jolm, who died in Mc- Lean county: .Mary, now living in Iowa, the wife of George Roberts, formerly of Logan coiuUy : Lorenzo D.. who was born in San- gamon county before the di\ ision : .\le\- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 2/"3 ander. who is now living in Lincoln, a re- tired carpenter, formerly a soldier in the Civil war; Malita, the widow of Thcmias Downing, of Logan connty: Elizaheth, de- ceased, who married Samuel Downing; De- lilah, the wife of D. Shelhammer. residing in Laenna township ; Henry Clay, deceased, who was a soldier in the Civil war and died from the effects of his service; and Rohert H.. now a resident of Mt. Pulaski township. The land was all divided among the chil- dren, who had been given all of tiie educa- tional advantages possible at that time. The ancestry of the family was Scotch- Irish. Robert Downing was a tine speci- men of physical manhood. During the winter through his boyhood Lorenzo Downing attended school as oppor- tunity afforded, but the summers were oc- cupied in farm work. L'ntil he was twenty- four years of age he remained witli Ills father. At that time he married, and tlie next year purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, whicli he imprcned, and built a small house upon it in 1856, adding land until he now owns seven hundred acres, eighty of which is in timber. The balance is under cultivation and is farmed by his children. All of his land has been well im- l)roved, and to much of it he gave his per- -sonal attention until 1890, when lie retired from active labor, leaving the burdens to younger hands. Mr. Downing was first married Janu- ary I, 1854, to Miss Angeline Shoup, who died in October, 1854. In 1856 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Shoup. who was a native of Ohio. In 1873 siie ])assed away, the three surviving children of the family of seven born to this union being: Ellen, the wife of William Milner, who resides in Mt. Pulaski township ; Will- iam L.. wiio resides in Chester townshi]): and John M., who resides in Aetna town- ship, all of the children Ijeing located on property belonging to their honored father. In 1875 Mr. Downing was married to Mrs. Xancy (Hainline) Bradley, who was torn in Tazewell county, Illinois, July 4, 1838. She had one daughter living, — Alice, who married William H. Smith, and resides in h'ast Lincoln township. To our subject and wife two children have been born, of whom one died in infancy. Mora B. is the wife of Josej)!! M. Shoup, and they have one son living,— Cecil. Our subject lives at the home of his daughter in Chester town- shi]). surrounded by every C(imfort and be- loved by his large family. In politics Mr. Downing has been an acti\e worker in Re[)ublican ranks. Init lia< never tlesired ])arty recognition. Mrs. Downing is a member of the Christian church, and Mr. Downing cheerfully and liberally contributes to the support and ad- \ancement of all Christian enterprises. He is financially interested as a stockholder in the First National Bank at Mount Pulaski, and has been the organizer and promoter of many of the leadjjig interests of the county. Mr. Downing" is the oldest continuous resi- dent of Chester township now living there, and has been an intelligent and interested witness of the wonderful changes which ha\e taken place. WILLIAM H. XEKL. One of the most energetic and enterpris- ing business men of Atlanta is William H. Xeel, pr. )])rietor of the leading livery and feed stable of that place. He is a native of Illinois, born in Pike county, August 7, 1864, and was only two years old when brought to l.ogan county by his parents. Till i:i(»(.kAPHICAL RECokli ,,....v .„,.. ,>.„,>,,., , ....„..,, ^..,. The iatlier was Ixtrn in I'cnnsylvania, of Irish aiul (Jernian dcsceiU. ami there learned tlie car|)enter's trade, wliicli he followed in con- nection witii farming throughout the greater jart of his life. In the fall of 1S50 he came I.. I'ike county, Illinois, and finally located in Logan county in iS^f), his home heing on M farm east of Lincoln, where he remained until his death, which occurred March .^ i89<^. I lis w ife. who still resides on the old home farm with a son and daughter, was l>orn in 1SJ4. and is. therefore, seventy- seven years of age at the present writing. ()i the five children lx>rn to them only three now survive. William H. Xeel grew to manhood upon the home farm, and was provided with gd schosition of eminence is he who can see and utilize the op|K)rtunities that surround his iwth. The essential conditions of hiuiian life arc ever the same, the surroundings of individuals differ but slightly. When one ]>asses another on the highway of life it is Inrcause he has the jxiwer to use advantages which probably cncomi)ass the whole human race. .\ native of Illinois. Mr. X'erry was born in Tazewell comity on the 13th of April. 1S51. and is a worthy representative of a giHwl old Xew England family. His father. William .\. X'erry. was Ixirn January 17, i8i<). in Massachusetts, of which state his grandfather. William C X'erry. wa.s also a native, his birth occurring in Boston. May ^^o. 1795. riie great-grandfather, who also bore the name of William, was likewise lx)rn in Massachusetts, and took a prominent part in the Revolutionary war. .\t the age of twenty-two years XXilliam C. X'erry mar- ried Miss Lucinda llorton. of Massachusetts. In-the fall of iSjj they removed with their family to Illinois. anon his fathers farm in Morgan county, and ac- quired his e.to Miss Sarah .\nn I'arnsworth. a native of Missouri, and a daughter of Lnos and b'rances I'arnsworth. After his marriage Mr. X'erry was furnished will) a team of horses and wagon, and in GEORGE VERRY. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1843 '1^ removed to Tazewell county, taking up his residence in a small frame house nn a tract of forty acres of land which he hail ]>ur- chased. fleeting with excellent success in his farming operations, he atlded to this property from time to time until he owned twenty-four hundred acres of valuable land. He was not only one of the most prosj^erous and substantial fanners of his community, but was also one of its most prominent and influential citizens. He died in Tazewell county May 21. 1898. and his wife passed awav on the 22d of March, the same year. They were the parents of six children, four of whom are now living: William E., George, Elon F. and Frances. Our subject attended school near his boyhood home, and received a good practi- cal education. Reared on a farm, he early acquired an excellent knowledge of agricul- tural pursuits, and he made that occupation his life work. He remained at home until twenty-one years of age, and then removed to a farm belonging to his father in Mount Hope township, McLean county, Illinois. For many years he devoted his time and at- tention to his farming interests, and also en- gaged in st(Kk-raising to some extent. His efforts were crowned with success, so that to-day he is one of the most substantial citi- zens of Logan county, owning seven hun- dred and eighty acres of improved land. In 1891 ^Ir. Verry decided it was time to take a rest, and accordingly he erecteer. 1874. Mr. \'erry \vas united in marriage with Miss Emma A. Grain, a daughter of William D. and Martha (McMillan) Grain, who were natives of Kentucky, and were descendants of old and prominent families of the Blue Grass state. To Mr. and Mrs. Verry were born two children : Edna F., who is now taking a classical course at the Chicago L'niversity; and Xora E., who died August 28, 1876. Mrs. Verry is a meniber of the Methodist Episcopal church, while the daughter luilds membership in the Baptist church. Socially Mr. Verry is a meml>er of At- lanta Lodge, Xo. 165, A. F. & A. M., Chap- ter Xo. 188, R. A. M. ; and Lincoln Com- mandery, X'^o. 51, K. T. He is of a retir- ing disposition, never ]nishing himself for- ward or seeking publicity, but giving strict attention to his personal affairs. A life of honest toil is a good stepping-stone to pros- perity and merits a rest in the prime of life, giving time and means for the enjoyments of life. PHILIP G. AHREXS. The biography of very many of the suc- cessful and leading agriculturists of any lo- cality tells the same story, that of energy, honesty and industry well repaid. This is the case in the present instance, for Philip G. Ahrens in early life was forced by cir- cumstances to make his own way in the world, and in the few intervening years has become the manager of a large estate and the owner of an improved property in another state, while he enjoys the esteem and confi- dence of those with whom he has spent many years. The birth of Mr. Ahrens occurred in Cass county. Illinois, .\pril 27, 1862. and he is a son of Henry J. and Caroline Ahrens, the former of whom died in Sedgwick conn- •78 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tv. Kansas, in 1893, at the age of seventy- seven, while the latter, at the age of si.xty- tivc. lives in Kansas uixm one of the farms juirchasetl i>y iier husband. They hail a family of four children, namely: William, who was a farmer, unmarried, anil died in Decatur in 187J: Lena, who is the wife of Paul Hartwig and resides in East Lincoln township: Henry, who lives a retired life in Orvil township: and Philip, who is the sub- ject of this sketch. The parents were na- tives of Germany and came to America when <|uitc young. They were married in St. Louis and always followed farming, first in Cass county. Illinois, but later in Macon county and then in Logan. From this county Mr. and Mrs. .\hrens removed to Kansas, where he purchased a one-half sec- tion of land in Sedgwick county, which he improved, and although he had reached America a p. Ahrens attended sch.xtl both in Macon and Logan counties, and until he was twenty-one years old remained at home, starting out then to work on the neighlxir- ing farms by the month. For two years he worked and savegan counties, and one .son and two daughters were easse(l away at his home in .\tlanta the gentleman whose name heads this review. Loveil and respected by all. his death was a sad blow not onlv to his own immediate family but THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 279 to the entire community in which he had so long made his home. A native of Germany, his early schix)l advantages were limited, but all through life he made the best of his opportunities, so that when he was at last called to his final rest Logan county lost one whose place will never be filled. He was but a boy when his parents. Frederick and Caroline Reise. deciiled that the new world offered better ad\ antages to those who were ambitious to succeed in life. The passage across the broad Atlantic was made in a sailing-vessel, and after many days they finally landed in this country. Here his father engaged in farming, and when he was finally called to the great l)eyond his death took from the rolls of America's adopted sons one who was at all times ready and willing to do his duty, not only to his family but to his coun- try. Our subject was one of a family of chil- dren that as soon as they reached man's estate scattered to different parts of the countrv. Mr. Reise in early life receivetl a thorough training in agricultural pursuits. and perhaps this, together with his wonder- ful store of energ},-. explains why his life was such a success. In July, 1 85 1, he was united in mar- riage with Miss Victorine Jaquine. Her parents were members of a distinguished French family, and her birth occurred within fourteen miles of the city of Paris. When very young she was brought by her parents to this country and her father set- tled near Peoria. Illinois, where he became an extensive farmer and stock raiser, which occupation he followed up to the time of his death. His wife only survived him a short time, when she. too. was called away. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Reise resulted in the birth of ten children, as follows: George. Julia. Augusta, Lizzie. Emma. Clara. Harriman, Edwin. Frank and Fred. Beginning on a small scale, as nearly all our young men did in those early days. Mr. Reise steadily prospered in his chosen pro- fession until at the time of his death he was one of the most substantial farmers of Lo- gan county. One had but to visit his farm and view the well-tilled fields to find the reason of his success, as his was a model farm. In early life he united with tlie Luther- an church, and from that time until his death he was one of the most faithful fol- lowers of the divine teachings. Mrs. Reise is a devout member of the Catholic church of Atlanta. As a lad Mr. Riese came to America, and with no capital, started out in a strange land to overcome the difficulties and ob- stacles in the path to prosperity. His youthful dreams of success were realized, and he was able to leave his family a com- fortable comijetence. He is gone, and no more is his familiar figure seen, but his memory will always remain and his family may well be proud of the record that is left as a monument to his memorv. LYMAX O. BUZZARD. Lyman O. Buzzard, chief of the night police force of Lmcoln, is proud to claim Illinois as his native state, his birth having occurred near \'andalia. Fayette county, Februarv 18. 1850. His father. .\Ivin Buz- zard, was born in Holmes county. Ohio, in 1834. of German ancestry, and came to this state in 1846. Ten years later he became a resident of Logan county, and is now liv- ing a retired life in Xew Holland. During Till-: HIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. his active business career lie i..lli)\\i.mfortal)le c<)m|)etencc by Jiis farming operations and business ven- tures, ami is now able to lay aside all busi- ness cares and spend the remainder of his Jife is ease and (piiet. lie has never taken a very active i)art in politics, but has always supported the Re])ublican jiarty. In early manhiHid he married Miss Jane ."-^niith. who was also Ixjrn in Holmes couiUy. (Jhio. May 8. 1S33. and is of English descent. Unto them were born ten children, of whom tw(^ died in infancy. Marilla. born in 1S48. married Charles I'hillips. formerly a resi- ileiU of F.lkhart, Illinois, and died in 1S74. Those living are as follows: I-yman U., our .subject: Texas A., who is doing busi- ness at the Union Stockyards in Chicago: George and Schuyler, both residents of New Hollanrn in Germany, whence he cross- ed the ocean to the new world, l)ecoming the progenitor of the family on this side the Atlantic. George Snyder, the grand- father, was born in Pennsylvania, and Charles W. Snyder, the father of our sub- ject, was a native of Schuykill county. Penn- svlvania, where his birth occurred Decem- ber 9. 1825. After arriving at years of maturity he married Jemima J. Baker, who was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, in 183 1, a daughter of Thomas Baker, who was born in Kentucky and became one of the pioneers of the Prairie state. He mar- ried Miss Delay. Reared in his parents home, Thomas O. Snyder attended the jiublic schools of Mount Pulaski, where he continued his studies un- til fifteen years of age. He was afterward emi)loyed in Aarious ways whereby he might earn an honest living and eventually learned the carpenter's trade, which he has since followed as a life work. In 1872 he began contracting and building on his own account and for twenty-five years has been a mem- ber of the firm of Ralston & Snyder, enter- ing into partnership with W. H. Ralston — a connection that has lieen maintained through a quarter of a centry, the firm oc- cupying a foremost position among the con- tractors and builders of this part of the coun- ty. They have taken and promptly executed many contracts, and fine residences and other substantial buildings of Mount Pulaski and tlie surrounding country stand as monu- ments to their skill and handiwork. During the busy season of the year they employ from fifteen to eighteen men, and they do much of their finishing w<«rk both by hand and machinery. Their reliability and faith- fulness to the terms of contract have won for them a large patronage, bringing them a desirable income. In 18S1 Mr. Snyder was united in mar- riage to Miss Harriet A. Shriver, a native of Logan county and a daughter of James and Sarah (^Mann) Shriver. They now have f(nir children, a sun and three daugh- ters: Fred H., Lulu A., Jessie H. and Ailine M. In his political views Mr. Sny- der is a stalwart Republican and has filled some local oftices, serving for one term as tax collector and for three years as a mem- ber of the school board. He takes a deep in- terest in everything pertaining to the wel- fare of the community and is a progressive and public-spirited citizen. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen Camp of Mount Pu- laski, and has out only the regard of his brethren of the fraternity, but of all who are familiar with his upright life. Industry and enterprise may be well termed his salient characteristics, for they have been the ac- tive factors in his long and honoralile busi- ness career, winning him a comfortable competence. FRAXKLIX CLEX'ELAXD ORTOX. Franklin Cleveland Orton. deceased, was for some \-ears one of the most promi- nent and influential business men of Lin- coln, where he made his home until his death, which occurred August 20, 1900. He was born in Lebanon, Xew York, on the 1 6th of August, 1852, and was a son of Dr. Lyman O. and Julia C. Orton, who brought their family to Illinois in 1855, and settled on a farm near Broadwell, Logan c«.>unty, where the father engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1864, ami then removed to 28: THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Lincoln. Here he died in 1884. but his wife is still living and now resides on Lt>gan street. In tiie family were two chiUlren who arc still living: Samuel, a resident of Kansas City. Missouri; and Julia. During his boyhoecanie inter- ested in the grain business, being associ- ated with John W. Si)ellman. as successors to the firm of J. M. Moloney & Company. Charles W. Spitly was admitted to a i)art- nership in the business in December. i8()3. constituting the well known firm of Spell- man. Orton & Sjtitly of Lincoln. Mr. Orton was ill but a tew days before his death and was ojK-rated on for api)endi- citis with the hoi)e of prolonging his life.but this proveunty. Illinois, has made his home in this county for nearly half a centurv. He was born in Kentucky. March ^o. 1832. and is a son of I'.dmund and Rachel (Cray) Paul, Iwith natives of Ken- tucky. In 1835 the family moved to Mon- roe county. Indiana and there the father en- gaged in farming. He was also a cixiiier. carjienter an in gen- eral farming, but he is now retired and rents nearly all the land, although he and his wife still reside on the home place. Mr. Paul has held several offices in the township, having been commissioner and school director for a long time. He is a ver}- stanch Democrat in politics and has al- ways \-oted for the candidates of his party. Loth he and his excellent wife are earnest members of the Christian church. Mr. Paul is one of the early settlers in this part of the county and is well known. His ])ros]ierity is the result of his own efforts, as when he came to this county he was in \-er}- limited circun-istances and what he has to-dav. he has earned b}- hard work, good manage- ment and econon-i\-. ERVIX L. ADAMS. Sound judgment comljined with hue ability in mechanical lines has enabled the subject of this biography to Ijecome one of the leading blacksmiths of Lincoln. He was born in this cit}- on the jjnd nf May, 1867, and is a son of William I., and Maria (Hatch) Adams, the former ;i n,-ilive of Dnver. Mass.-ichusetts. the latter nf .\ew \<t IJncitln: ami one \\h" 'liol in infancy. Tile family resi(le ilorc il., who was lH>rn in 1850, and died in August, 1901, in Waco, Texas; Charles H., our subject; and Helle. who was Iwrn in 1854, and died in 1858. C. H. Turner was reareer 18, 1890. The oldest child died in 1883, at the age of two years. In 1874 Mr. Turner entered the Ex- change Bank of Atlanta as bookkeei)er, and C(jntinued with that institution until July, 1887. at which time the business was sold t.> other i)artics. In the fall of that year he or- ganized the Peoples Hank as a limitetl part- nershi]). with a strong directory, and has since served as its cashier, the other officers being Cieorge W. Punk, president: E. E. X'erry, \ ice-prcsitlcnt : and R. E. Ouisen- l)erry, teller. This bank has met with almost phenomenal success, which in a great meas- ure is due to the able management of rtuuities with which hte times surround him. In |)olitics Mr. Turner is a Republican, l-'raternally he is a Mason and 0i Lincoln was Dr. l,\nian ( )so(iod ( )non. who tenderness and dcxotion; as a man he was was widcl\- and l"a\orahl\- known throni^h- conscientionsl) jnst. humane, tl(.)wing with out Loyan coinitv . lie was horn in llaniil- the milk of human kindness, incapable uf ton, Xew Nork. in iSk). his parents hcini;- wron<^. It is therefore but fitting that he be Thomas .and I'.culah iRockwo,,,!) ( )rton. accorded a jilace in the history of iiis ad(jpted The t'ather was a nati\cof Xew, ilampshire. count}'. His wiilow still survives him, and and was of iMii^lish descent. The Doctor allliout;li now cis.;iity-four years of a.^e is still was educated at the State University of Xew- in po.ssessiou of all her faculties. Like her York, and after Iiis graduation entered the h.usband she is universally respected and medical colle.ge at I-'airt'icld, that state, where csteeme. Two years later he came withdrew entirely from his profession in to Li>gan coiuUy. and entered one hundred 1865. He was a well-read physician and and forty acres of land on Salt creek, for able practitioner, but always disliked the iiro- which he p.aid the government ])rice of one fession. dollar and .a (piarter per acre. L'pon that The last twenty years of his life were f.arm he ni.ade his home, engaged in agricult- passed in Lincoln, where he died April i<). ui-.il pur^^ils until his death in 1 S40 Ili~ 1884. It was truly said of him that as a wileand fauiil) snb>cipieutly reniove.l to Mt. citizen be was universally respected: ,as a Rul.aski. where she dieil in 1S30. TH1-: 1510GRAPI11CAL RECORD. Captain Mason was quite small on tlie cini{jration of the family to the new worM. and his education was principally received in tlie public schools of I'luladelphia. He ac- cinpanied his ])arents on their various re- in.. vals and on coming to Logan county, Illi- nois, worked with his father at tlie cariicn- ters trade, being able to do all the work then ro|uircd in luiilding a house from cellar to -arret. In 1846 Captain Mason married Miss J.onisa I. I^ughery, who was iKirn in this o-unty, in 1S31, and is a daughter of David .uid l-:iizal)eth (Williams) Laughery. natives ..f Ohio and X'irginia. respectively, and \t'u>- neers of Logan county. Their entire mar- ried life has been passed in Mt. Pulaski. Five children came to brighten their home, namc- Iv: Ailelia, wife of Samuel Curtis, of De- catur. Illinois; Florence, wife of William Boyd, of Decatur: May, wife of John FL Oren. of Decatur: ('.race, wife of Charles Zigler. of Clnicago: and Lulu, wife of Mer- man Keene. of l-:ikhart. Indiana. During the Mexican war. Captain Mason enlisted in Company L Fourth Illinois \ol- unteer Infantry, under command of Captain lohn C. Hurt and Colonel i:. D. P.aker. and he i)articipatcd in the battles ..f \'era Cruz, Cerro (iordo and several other engagemeius. being in active service twelve months. On his return to Mt. Pulaski, he resumed work ;it the carpenter's trade, which he continued lo follow throughout his active business life. When President Lincoln issued his call f.>r seventv-fivc thousand men to .serve three months at the opening of the Civi! war. our -ubject again entered the service of his ailoptcd country, and was commissioned by ( iovernor Yates as first lieutenant of Com- ).any II. Seventh Illinois X'oluntcer Infantry. ( ol.mel John Cook, of Springfield, com- manding the regiment. On the expiration of his tcmn)f cnlistnu • ii-.rably dis- charged and returned in.mc. Ihc Captain cntinued to work at his trade until 1880. since which time he has lived a retireil life. Many IntiMings in Ml. Pulaski stand as mon- uments to his architectural skill and ability, including the Christian church of that place. Cajnain Mason laid out or sul)-divided twen- ty acres which is known as Mason's addition to Mt. Pula.ski. and has sold the larger part himself, and he also has owned considerable farm land that he has "disiK>se«I of. He is one of the oldest residents of this section. He is to-ilay an honored member of Sam- uel Walker Post, No. jo;. (i. .\. R. In jjoli- lics he was originally an old line Whig, but joined the Republican party on its organiza- tion, and has since seen no occasion for trans- ferring his allegiance to any other political partv. For sixty-seven years he has been a resident of Logan county, and has been |)rominently itlentihed with its growth and upbuilding. After a useful and honorable career he can well affortl to lay aside all business cares and live in case and retire- ment. W ILLI \.\l P.. STKOCD. Ju. The geiuleman whose name introduces this review is one of Logan county's native sons and is a worthy representative of one of her i>rominent pioneer families. He was born in Imminence township. May 15. 1853, and is the only child of Smith and Priscilla P. (Thompson) Stroud. His maternal grandparents were Shared anil Catherine ( StatTord I Thompson, who came to this county froui ieimessee in iS_>»), and located in wii.il i> now Imminence town- ship. 1 icing ,imong the first settlers of that iocalitv. Our subjcx't's father THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORJX 289 was born in Tennessee, on tlie 15th of OctuliL']-. iSjo. and w lien tcmrlccn years of age came niunh wiili his parents, Teter and Rebecca ((ireeni Stnmd. the jnurney lieing made in a iwn-w iieel cart. This fam- ily also locatetl in Eeminence township, and took a very active and prominent part in its development and npbnilding'. Thc}- en- dured niMst cif the liardships and privations incident to hfe on the frontier, and amid such surroundings the father of our sub- ject grew to manhood. His education was limited from the fact that he was obliged to assist in the farm duties when a boy. but he could rapidly solve difficult problems" mentally, and was always considered one of the most accurate slock judges in the county. He was an active church wnrker, being ideutilied with the Christian church, and was president or director of the Anti- Thief Society of Atlanta, Logan county from its organization until his death, which occurred November 18, 1877. His upright, honorable course in life gained for him the confidence of all who knew him, and he was held in the highest regard by the people of the comnumity in which he so long made his hcime. After his death the widow re- sided im the (lid In ime place . Stroud acquired his prim- ary education in the district schools of Emi- nence tiiwnshi]), and also tnok a full course in the high scIkk.I ,,i Atlanta. Immediately after his graduation in 1871 he entered Eu- reka College, at Eurek.a. Illinois, where he completed his education. IJuring his en- tire business career, lie has followed the oc- cupation of farming with marked success, and is one of the most progressive and up- to-date agriculturists of I'.minence townshi]), where he owns seven hundred acres of well improved and valuable land. His home, wliich is pleasantly located on section 12, is a line residence with all modern improve- ments, and everything about the place is in keejiing with the same. Mr. Stroud was married, June jy, 1873, to Miss I'aralee Mountjoy, a daughter of l\obert ]•'. and Susan Mountjoy. one of Logan county's old and prominent families. They were nati\es of Kentucky and came to Eminence at an early day, where they passed the reniAinder of their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Stroud became the parents of live chil- dren, those living being iNIarion E.. born June J, 1874, married Miss Ollie .Mount- jo\-. a daughter of Frank and Hem-ietta Mountjoy, of Atlanta, and they Iia\e two children. Mildred ]•.. born June _',:i. 1897, and Paul 1)., born Xo\eniber -'4, 1900. Smith L. liorn July _\^. 1877, is now a stu- dent in the State University at Champaign. He has also taken a two years" course in Cornell College, New York, where he in- tends to finish later. Anabel F. was born February 9, 1881, graduated from the .\t- lanta High School in 1901, and is now tak- ing a course in music at Eureka College, Eureka, Illinois. The mother of these chil- dren passed away March 7, 1890. and on May 18, 1892. Mr. Stroud was united in marriage with Miss Inez, daughter of Jo- -seph and Catherine (Mover) Gaston, na- tives of Ohio, who came to this county in early life. Here the_\- were married ;md set- tled in Imminence township, where they jiassed the remainder of their lives. The father died .May 2. njoi, and the mother was called to her linal rest .-\])ril jj. 1882. I'y Mr. .'^troud's second marriage has been born twii children: Lucile G., born March I-', i8<;4: and Maud M., born December 8, |8. iiion Fair and is 11.. vv treasurer uf tlie Atlanta Anti-Thief SiK-iety of Logan county. He also .served as clerk of the school Ix.ard in dis- trict Xo. 1. for fourteen years. In the spring : iHiH) Mr. Stroud began agitating a rural te delivery route through Kniinence i.wnsliii). and on October 4 of the same \cars the carrier made his first trij). The route is from Atlanta and covers twenty-five miles in the north half of Kminence t(j\vn- ship. .supplying over one hundred families with the daily mail. This route, which is No. I. from .\tlanta. was the first estali- lished in Logan county. .\s a progressive and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Stroud gives his support to all enterpri.ses calculated to advance the moral, educational or material welfare of his township and county. He is «ine of the foremost members of the Chri>- tian church of 1-lniinence township, and has .served as elder in the .same for fifteen years. In iwtlitics he is a .stanch Democrat. He is a pleasant, genial gentleman who makes many friends, and is highly resi)ected and esteemed bv all who know him. i:i)\\.\Ki) iLi-:s. This well-known foundryman is one of the important factors in the business circles of Lincoln, and his life is an exmplification >,\ the term "the dignity of lalxir." The possibilities that .\merica offers to her citi- zens he has utilized, an. During that year he crossed the broad .\t- lantic. and after si)ending alxnit a year in Clinton. Illinois, he came ti> Lincoln, and embarked in business on his own account. He is a ])ractical foundryman. having thor- oughly mastered his trade, and is a com- lietent workman in l)oth iron and brass. Purchasing property, he erected the build- ings now occui)ied by him on Clinton street and now has a well ecpiipped plant for doing general jobbing work. He started at the very Inittom. but has steadily worketl his way upward, having made a success of his labors. He now receives quite a lil)eral patnuiage from the people of Lincoln and I^>gan county. Besides his business ])r<>\i- erty he owns a jjleasanl home in Lincoln. Ill Mosti.n. Massachusetts. Mr. lies was married, in .\pril iSS»), to Miss .\bbie Splaiii, who was born, reared and ey six vears he has heen a memher of the Lincoln tire dei)artnieiU anil formerly served as lieutenant. Religiously he is a memher of the Preshyterian church, and gives lihcrally t(. the support of church work. As a puh- lic-si)iritcd citizen he supp.irts all enter- prises which he helieves calculated to ad- vance the general welfare. He is a made man, who started out in life a bov and has had to overcome man\ stacles, but is now on the highroad to JOHX \V. SMITH. lohn W. Smith, the well known editor and i)roprietor of the Lincoln Times, was born on the 10th of January, 1857, in Clin ton, Monroe county, Missouri, and is a son of Rev. J. D. and Emily J. (Chapman) Smith. The former was a native of \'ir- ginia, the latter of Kentucky. The parents were married in Missouri, where they still reside, the father being still active in the ministry of the Missionary Baptist chinch there. They are most estimable people. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of his native state and by private instruction. After living in Granville, Missouri, for a time, he removed to Sali.sbury. that state, where he was en- gaged in business, and later conducted a clothing store at Paris, Mis.souri. where he served as mayor of the city, and as a mem- ber of the city council a number of \ears. In the s])ring of iS(/) he came to Lincoln, Illinois, and i)urchased the Lincoln Times, Avhich is the oldest p;iper published in Lo- gan county and has a large circulation in Lincoln and the surrounding country. It is a six colunm, eight page weekly, printed by electric jtower. and is a bright, newsy sheet, ably edited. On the ,^(nh of Xovember, \Hj<). Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Miss .\llie C. Kii)per, of Granville, .Missouri, a daughter of J. C. Kipi)er, and to them has been born four children: Roger L., who is now assiting his father in the otlice: Mar- shall Rex, who is attending school ; Irma .Sibyl, at home; and X'adine, the first born, who died in infancv. Ill his jjolitical ])roclivities .Mr. Smith is a stalwart supporter of the Democratic party and its principles, and both personally and in his editoi-ial utterances he has wield- ed a potent inlluence in furthering the inter- est of its cause. He enjoys a wide ac- (luaintance and marked popularity in the city of his adoption, and is prominent both in business and social circles. Fraternally be is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, .\. F. & A. M.. and of Paris Lodge. Xo. i<), I. O. (). I'., while religiously both he and his wife have been members of the Christian church for many years. Mr. Smith is a tine musician, having been thor- oughly educated by the l)est vocalists of his nati\e state, and for a number of years was leader of one of the best choirs in Missouri, at Paris. He was also leader of the Chris- tian church choir at Lincoln until liis health failed. KL\.\S MAM.Ml'.X. Klaas .Mammen, one of the ])rosperons farmers of Prairie Creek township. Logan count}-, owning one hundred .and sixty acres of line farming land, lias resided in this THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ictunty since June lo, 1867. He was born in (iernKiuy, May i, 1844. his parents being Christ and Annie Manimcn, \vhi> always hved ill (jennany where tlic father was a j^cncral farmer. His death (K:cnrrcd in 1K33. while the mother died alxmt 18S7. 'Jiieir children were as follows: John, wh dieeen acrs whf> rely uixm liis geing William and Jane (Clark) (iilchrist. wIk^ were also natives of the land of hills and heather. The father was a .shoemaker by trade an provide for his wife and children. Ciider the paternal roof our subject spent the ilays of his boyhood and in the public schools he ac(|uired a good education, continuing his studies until lifteen years of age. when lie entered uixm his business career as an a]i- prentice to the c.irpeiiter's trade, which be THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 293 followed for about six years in the place of his nativity. Hearing favorable re|X5rts of the opportvniities afforded young men in the new world he determined to try his for- tune in '"the land of the free," and in 1843 sailed with his bride for the harbor of Xew York. Vrom the metropolis he proceeded to Bristol, Rhode Island, and thence went to Fall River, Massachusetts, where he was engaged in pattern making in a cotton fac- tory for fourteen years, but the Mississippi valley attracted him and in 1857 he came with his family to Illinois. Mr. Gilchirst located in Logan county and secured one hundred and sixty acres of land in Eminence township, where he began farming and stock-raising. As his tinancial resources increased he added to his proi>erty until the home farm composed five hundred acres, and he also had three hundred and twenty acres elsewhere, but tlie latter tract he has since sold. He still owns the five hundred acres, however, and the rental from the property returns to him a good income. He continued to engage in the cultivation of the fields and the raising of grain for many years, and prosperity attended his la- bors. At length he had acquired sufficient capital to enable him to live a retired life and in January. 1880, he removed from the farm to Lincoln, where he has since resided, enjoying a well earned rest. Just prior to his emigration to America Mr. Gilchrist was married to Miss Eliza- beth Bennett, a daughter of Robert and Ann (Johnson) Bennett, of the parish of Bal- magee. Scotland. Their wedding was cele- brated on the 22(1 of February, 1843, ^"<^1 on the 26th of May of the same year they arrived in the United States. Mrs. Gilchrist died October 2. 1898. She has been to her husband a faithful companion and helpmate on the journey of life, was a devoted mother and a consistent member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In the family are five children: William R.. who is serving as justice of the jieace in Lincoln ; Mary Ann, the wife of Samuel Niswan- ger, of Chicago; Jane E.. who married James Gallagher, who is a teacher in the deaf schools of Chicago: John J., of Lin- coln : and Margaret, widow of Thomas Mor- rison. While residing in Eeminence township Mr. Gilchrist served as road commissioner for si.K years and for twelve years was a member of the school board. He was one of the trustees of Lincoln L'niversity, hav- ing served in that position for about ten years, his last term expiring in June, 1901. In p<5litics he is a stalwart Republican and in religious faith is a Cumberland Pres- byterian, of which church he has been a deacon many years, and his life is in har- mony with his profession, his action shaped by his Christian belief. He has almost reached the eighty-second milestone on his life's journey, and his has been an active and useful career, colored by honest pur- pose, so that he can look back over the p.nst without regret and forward to the future without fear. WILLIAM B. STROUD. Sk. Prominent among the successful farm- ers and leading citizens of Eminence town- ship is numbered William B. Stroud. Sr.. who for a quarter of a century was actively identified with the agricultural interests of this locality, but is now a resident of Arm- ington, Tazewell county. He was born in Iowa, May 3, 1853, and is one of a family i)f seven children, whose parents were W'ili- THE BlOGKAI'llICAL RECORD. i.ini B. aiul Martha (Brcxjks) Stroud. The tather was lM)rn. reared and e Illi- nois with his parents. I'eter and Relnxca .^^tPHid. the journey l»eing made in a two- wheel cart. I'or some years he followed I'arminjj in Eminence township, Logan county, hut <.\icm his last years in Iowa, where he died tlie year our suhject was Lorn. Mis wife lonjj survived him. jiassing away in 1SS9. .\ more extended mention is made of the Stroud family in the sketch of William Stroud. Jr.. on another jiajje of this wi.rk. The early life of our suhject was .spent in his native state, and on omiing to Illi- nois he made his home in McLean county for a time, hut since 1S7O he has l)een a resi- dent of Lojjan county, owning and oi)eral- ing a well improved and highly cultivated farm of one hunderd and twenty acres on section 3. Eminence township. The well tilled fields and thrifty api)earance of the place testify to his careful supervision and show conclusively that he is a man of good husiness ahility ami sound judgment. On Octoher 15. m>oi. Mr. Stroud, in company with C. W. Cruse, lu.ught the hardware and implement husiness of W. 11. Davidson at Armington. As a companion and helpmate on life's journey Mr. Stroud chose Miss Mary C. Mountjoy. a daughter of William Mount- joy, who is a successful farmer and a rc|)- resentative of one of Logan county's l)cst families. .\ sketch of the family will l)e found elsewhere in this volume. They were married I-Vhruary (>. iS-^. and five children hlesscd their union, those living heing Ella E., Cassic C. and Hattie V. Mr. Stroud votes the IVohihition ticket anrl is a stanch sui>|)orter of the principles of that |tany. heing a strong temperance man. Sth lie and his wife are devout nicni- liers of the Christian church. They receive and merit the high regard of the entire com- munity, and those who know them l)est are numltcred among ilieir warmest friends. i;i:.\'j.\Mix iiii;i:.\ui) Bk.\L\.\RU. Pr< niinent among the business men of Lincoln in early days wa.s Benjamin Hul)- hard Brainard. who passed away May 31, I St) I. He was Ix.rn May 30. 1838. in Charleston. South Carolina, of which jilace his father. Rev. Eleazer Brain- ard, was a city missionary. His mother, who Ixtre the maiden name of Lucinda Reen in the .schools of that state, later attending Earmers College. Ohio, and the Miami University, at Oxford. Thus well e(|uipi>ed for a business career, Mr. l^.rainard came west to Logan county, Illinois, in 1S57, and in jiartnership with William M. Huston oiitning the first Ikink ' in Lincoln, it being known as the Banking House i>f Brainard & Duston. They con- tinued to carry on the lank until Mr. Brain- ard's retirement from business. He was one of the organizers of the Eirst National I?ank and rcei»tion. great sagacity and unboundeil enterprise. ;md to these character- ^^ ■! - — • — -" — -■ — 1 \f>9e m. # ^ w ^^.^^^3 1 BENJAMIN HUBBARD BRAINARD. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 297 istics may be attributed his excellent success. In business affairs he was energetic, prompt and notably reliable, and carried forward to successful completion whatexer he under- took. On the 13th of January, 1857. Mr. Brain- ard was united in marriage widi Miss Ella \\". Owsley, a native of Kentucky and a daughter of Henn,- Hawkins and Mary (Finley) Owsley. The only child born of this union was a son who died in infancy. ]\Irs. Brainard was educated at Jacksonville Academy, Jacksonville, Illinois. She and her husband began their married life upon .1 farm of three hundred and twenty acres of land adjtiining the city limits of Lincoln, which is now within the corporation, and here she still continues to reside. The place was all wild prairie land when it came into possession of Mr. Brainard, but he soon placed it under cultivation and converted it into a valuable tract. He had unbounded faith in the future development of Lincoln, and displayed ranarkable foresight and sa- gacity in the purchase of this farm. He had eight farms in the vicinity of Lincoln, and was also interested in western lands, owning two thousand acres in Nebraska. After liis widow had received her portion of this prop- erty the remainder was divided among the Brainard heirs. Since her husband's death Mrs. Brainard has continued to occupy the homestead, and has remodeled the residence, which stands on a lieautiful elevation, mak- ing it a most attractive spot in the land- scajje. Mr. Brainard was a strictly business man, and was always to be found in his office during oftice hours, but he was also domestic in his tastes, and during his leisure hours found the greatest enjoyment with his fam- ily at home. His fellow citizens having in him the utmost confidence, often called upon him to make investments for theni, and a trust rejxjsed in him was never misplaced. He was a man of decided views and convic- tions, and in politics was a pronounced Re- publican. Religiously Mr. Brainard was a devout memljer of the First Presbyterian church of Lincoln, and to its supixirt he con- tributed lil)erally. He led an upright, hon- orable and useful life, and in his death the community realized that it had lost a valued citizen. His witlow in her pleasant home in Lincoln is surrounded by a host of wann friends, who have for herself and husband a most genuine regard. FR.WK R. YOUXC^BERG. A successful and highly esteemed farmer of Chester township is Frank R. Young- l)erg. who has been one of its estimable resi- dents since 1S89. The birth of Mr. Young- berg occurred in Havana, the county seat of Mason county. Illinois, February 10, 1862, and he is the son of John and Eliza- beth Youngberg, both of whom died in Ma- son county in 1873 or "74, when about fifty- five vears of age. They were natives of Sweden, where they married, coming to America about 1856. Here Mr. Youngberg was a farmer, renting land, and carrying on a general line of farming. The parents of our subject reared a family of seven chil- dren, while two died in infancv, the others being: John P., who lives near Blunt, South Dakota : Victor, who lives in Harper county, Kansas: Stephen A., who lives in Swift county, Minnesota: Frank R., who is our subject: Tillie, who lives in Dakota: C. Oscar, who is a farmer in Indian Ter- ritory: and .\lbert. who is a farmer and lives near Blunt. South Dakota. The chil- 298 THE BlOGkAPHlCAL RECORD. dren were educited in the common schools of Mason comity, and later, after the dcatli of the i)arents, they came to U»gan county. The religious connection of the family has always Ijeen with the Lutheran ciuirch. Frank R. V»'ungberg was reared on a farm and attended scIukiI during tiie winter inontiis, until he was ten years old, at that time beginning to take his place as a hired farm assistant l»y the month. The years 1884 and 1885 were .s]H;nt in South Dakota, where he took up a claim and he is still the owner of one hundrctl anti sixty acres in that jjrosperous state from which he receives rent. His location in Logan county was in 1874, and this county has Ijeen his home ever since, with the exception of the two years spent in Dakota. In 188S Mr. ^'oungbcrg was united in marriage in L(jgan county, to Miss .\nianda lh)ei)fner, who was born in New York, in 1864, and was a daughter of .\ugust Hoejjf- ner. a resident of Efiingham county, llli- Muds. Her parents' family consisted of: .\manda, who l)ecame .Mrs. \'oungberg; Hugo and (Jeorge, both carpenters in Lin- coln; .\lbert and John, who are contractf)rs for cement walks in Sangamon county; and Lydia, wIkj lives in h'lil'ingbam county. To our subject and his wife one son. Jay .\1- len, was born in 1889, and lie is an attendant at the jniblic school. .Since i88(j our subject has carried on extensive farming and stock-raising on the farm where he is located, cultivating three hundred anclioo|s. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 299 and later was a student in the Mt. Pulaski schools for a time. In August, 1862, he joined the boys in blue of Company D, One Hundred and Si.xth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, under Colonel Robert Latham, and took part in a number of skirmishes, but was mainly engaged in garrison duty, \\hen his three years of enlistmenr expired he was honorably discharged in September, 1865, and returned home, to take up the more quiet pursuits of farm life. On October 18, 1866, Mr. Tomlinson led to the marriage altar Miss Lucy C. Wilson, who was Iwrn in Galena, Illinois, March 6. 1849, a daughter of Hiram and Caroline Wilson, who were old settlers in this county. Hiram Wilson was born in Ohio and married Miss Caroline Reed at Muscatine, Iowa. She was born in Buffalo. New York. They re- mained in Iowa for a few years and came to Mt. Pulaski from Galena. Illinois. Later they moved to Lincoln, where the father died and where her mother still lives. Four children bless the union of Mr. and Mrs. Tomlinson. namely: Araminta M.. now the wife of William Smith, a resident of Indianapolis. Indiana; George A., who lives on the old homestead farm; Walter A., who resides in the vicinity of Mt. Pu- laski; and John M., at home. After his marriage Mr. Tomlinson took up his residence in Laenna township, this county, where he purchased eighty acres of land, and engaged in farming and stock- raising with marked success for several years. As he prospered in his affairs and his financial resources increased he kept adding to his landed pos.sessions until he had two hundred and ninety acres under a high state of cultivation and well improved. Renting his farm in 1891. he removed to ;Mt. Pulaski, where he owns a nice home. and here, surrounded by all the comforts which makes life worth the living, he is now living retired. In his political views Mr. Tomlinson is a Republican, but he is not an aspirant for office, although he served as school director for twenty years. His residence in tliis county, covering almost sixty years, has numbered him among its \i'lued citizens who have been devoted to the public welfare. He has manifested the same Knalty in the days of peace as in time of war, and all who know him have for him the highest regard. -♦ ■ JAMES McLELLAX. Among the prominent and energetic ag- riculturists of Eminence township, Logan county, the subject of this sketch occupied a prominent place. He was born in Scot- land. June 6, 1830, and was one of the twelve children born to William and Agnes (Fulton) McLellan. The grandparents, William and Elizabeth (Clanahan) McLel- lan, were of Scotch birth and the great- grandparents were also natives of Scotland. The father of our subject always lived in his" native country and was a miller and butcher by trade. His death occurred in 1865. and the mother pas.sed away alxxit two years later. The gentleman whose name heads this review was reared on the home farm in Scotland, where he received a very limited education. In 1866 he bade gn. He was married in Elkhart to .Miss Dora Brady, and they became the parents of seven chil- ren: (i. (i.. of this review; Nellie, wife of !•:. W. Ciilbert. who is in i)artnershii) with her father in Elkhart : Lola, at home: James B.. who is living in Elkhart: Frank: Zach- ariah T. and Nannie, who are yet under the paternal roof. The Doctor acquired his early education in the home schools of Elkhart and later was for two years a student in the univer- sity at Lincoln. Illinois. He later l)egan the studv of medicine and enteral the Rush Medical College of Chicago, where he re- mained for two years, when he matriculated in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in St. Louis. Missouri, where he was gradu- ated in the class of iS(>7. receiving a cer- tificate entitling him to practice. Thus well jirepared for his chosen profession he came at once to Hartsburg and Ixuight out the practice of Dr. J. R. Barnett. During his four years' residence here he has met with very creditable and gratifying success and has gained a high standing in the ranks of the medical fraternity. The Doctor married Miss (Irace Haas. of b'armer L'ity. DeWitt county. Illinois, a d.njglUer of J. J. Haas, a hardware mer- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. chant of tliat town. Tliey now have two children — Dorotliy. Maude and Edwin. Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Methotlist Epis- copal church of Hartsburg and is a most es- timable lady, wlio shares with her husband the warm regard of many friends. He ex- ercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the Republican party and is now .serving as township treas- urer oi the school funds of Orvil township. Socially he is identified with the Modern Woodmen .)f .\merica. belonging to the camp in Hartsburg. and is a member of the Knights ljably no man in Logan comity who is wider or more favorably known than Mr. Armstrong, wlio is famil- iarly called Uncle Hilly by his many friends. He has never songht |niblicily. but his fel- low citizens, recognizing his worth and abil- ity, having called uixni him to fill several jiublic positions of honor and trnst. He was once tendered the olYice of county treas- urer, but declined to acce])t, preferring to give his attention to his business interests and his leisure moments to his home. In his political afliliations he is a Republican, and in religious belief both he and his wife are Methodists. He belongs to that class of men whom the world terms self-made, for, coming to this country empty-handed, he has conquered all obstacles in the path to success, and has not only secureil for him- self a handsome competence, but by his ef- forts has materially advanced the interests of the community with which he is asso- ciated. He connnands the respect and con- fidence of all with whom he comes in con- tact, and ranks among tlic leading citizens of his localitv. SAMl'KL W. DOWXIXd. Sanniel W. Downing, an honored and highly respected citizen of Mt. Pulaski, Illi- nois, was born on the 24th of March. 1833, in Pike county, Ohio, which was also the birthplace of his jiarents, Samuel and Mary (Mathews) Downing, the former born in 1806, the latter in 1809. His paternal grandparents were George and Winnie Downing, who were originally from Mary- land and were among the tirst settlers of Pike comity, Ohio. Our subject was reared in his native county and eilucated in its pub- lic schools. In 1845 he <^3me with his par- ents to Logan county, Illinois, and settled in Chester township, where the father im- proved a farm of one hmulred and si.vty acres, making his home there until his death, which occurred in iS(>5. Politically he was a stalwart Denii,>crat, and religiously was a faithful and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife also belonged. She i)assed away in 184''- In the family of this worthy couple were eight children, live sons and three daugh- ters, namely: (Jeorge and Thomas, both deceased; Samuel \\'.. our subject; William and John, both deceased; Sarah, wife of Jose])h Culp and a resident of Kansas; Mary J., widow of John Reece and a resident of ()xford, Kansas; and Elizabeth, who died in infancy. During his minnnty nur subject gave his father the beuetit of his labors in carry- ing on the home farm. In iS(>7 he married Miss Elizabeth Downing, of Logan county, a daughter of Robert and Jane (Morrow) Downing. Though of the same name, she was no relative of his. L^nto them were born eight children, as follows: Mattie M., deceased; Adelia, wife of William Laugh- cry, of Mt. Pulaski; Margaret I'., wife of Prank Eletcher, of Chester township; Wes- ley, a farmer of Sangamon county; Henry, who is now operating the old home farm; George L., a farmer of Pmadwell township; Ora L., at home; and John T.. who is now clerking in Danner's clothing store at Mt. Pulaski. The wife and mother died in 1888. leaving many friends as well as her immediate family to mourn her loss. Mr. and Mrs. Dt>wiiiug began their mar- ried life upon his fathers farm, and he pur- clia.sed the interests of the other heirs in that place. In his fanning r)pLTalions he met THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 303 with excellent success, and in course of time acquired a fine estate, having two hundred and sixtv acres of land in Chester and Mt. Pulaski townships, hesides one hundred and sixtv acres near Broadwell. In 1892 he re- tireil from active labor and removed to the village of Mt. Pulaski, where he has since made his home. He now rents his farms but sees that they are kept in first-class con- dition. In early life Mr. Downing always affil- iated with the" Democratic party, but for the past ten years has voted the Prohibition ticket, as he is a strong temperance man and bdieves that the principles of that party are better calculated to advance the best in- terests of the country. For over half a cen- tury he has now made his home in Logan county, and he is widely and favorably known as an upright, honorable man. ^Ir. and Mrs. Downing are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of whicli he has served as steward. THOMAS L. BLACKBURX. Thomas L. Blackburn, general agent for the Indiana Bridge Company, residing in Lincoln, is one of Logan county's native sons, his birth having occurred on a farm in Broadwell township, April 13, 1861. His parents were William and Margaret (Gar- rett) Blackburn. The father was born in Ireland, and when a young man came to the L'nited States. After spending some time in Ohio he came to Illinois, locating first in Springfield. In 1856 he removed to Logan county and settled in Broadwell township, where he engaged in general farming. He also engaged in contracting on the Chicago & Alton Railroad during its construction in 1853. He died on his farm in Broadwell township in 1869. His wife, who still survives, now makes her home with a daughter. Our subject attended the common schools of this county until seventeen years of age, and then went to Elkhart, Illinois, where he spent four years in learning the tinner's trade and hardware business. He next went to Chicago and was employed as salesman by Gerts, Lumbard & Company for five years. At the end of that period he returned to Lincoln, where he was for two years engaged in the bakery and confec- tionery business in a successful way. Sell- ing the business in 1888, he accepted the position of agent for the Indiana Bridge Company. His territory now covers five states — Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Mis- souri and Kansas, — and he acts as general agent, with many local agents under him, doing a large business, it being one of the largest in the field. On the 27th of September, 1887, :\Ir. Blackburn was united in marriage with Miss Mary A. Cox, of Bloomington, Illinois, who was born in Streator, La Salle county, this state, and is a daughter of John and Mary ( Raycraft) Cox. The\' now have fo'ir children : Leo, ]\Iarie, William and TlK^mas. Mr. Blackburn has a pleasant home at the corner of Keokuk and ^\■ater streets, and he stands high in the commun- it\- where he has lived so manv vears. JOSEPH TIDD. Joseph Tidd, deceased, was for many years one of the most active and highly re- spected agriculturists of Logan county. His 304 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was an honorable and useful life, and his sterling worth and strict integrity gainetl for liim the contiilence and esteem <>f all with whom he came in contact in tlie various walks of life. He was ..nc of a family of six children horn to John Tidd. his hirth .KTcnrring Sep- temher 9. 18J5, near \\ooer On Septcml)er 9. 1S5S. a ceremony was lierformed which unitere. daugh- ter of Jacol) and Uarthiah (Kdwardsl Moore, of Ohio. They l)ecame the parents of two children: Charles, who resides in Kan.sas City, was at one time superintenme with her mother. Karnest and sincere Christians. Ix.th Mr. and .Mrs. Tidd have faithfully and actively scrvfd the Meth(Klist Ejtiscopal church, he for twfiUy-tive years acting as dass-lcatlcr. He also held the olViccs of trustee, sujier- intendent an- ject, and his death was a sad bhnv. not alone to his family and relatives hut to the com- munity as well, who knew how to appreciate a good, u|»right man. HKXJAMIX 1" .sTlT/rS. M. 1' Worthy of emulation is the career of Dr. Utnijamin F. Stults, and a forcible illus- tratji-n of the heights to which one may at- tain in the face of a not over-indulgent early fortune. In the estimation of those who know him l)est it would seem that he had realized the promise of his youth, had ai>- proachegan CI >unty . .\s a rew ard f< >r his industry- he ha-s to show the finest residence in Xew Holland, which is also artistically and ele- gantly furnished and replete with all nunlern conveniences, built at a cost of five thon- s:uid ilollars. besitles considerable city prop- erty, including the building in w hich he con- hn T. and Minnie Tenkin-. 3o8 THE mUGKAl'lIICAL RECORD. of this city. Mrs. Sargent died in January. n;oo. leavinjj three cliildreti : Li>rcna. I'cr- rec an master the opposing forces (jf life and to wrest fmni fate a large measure of success and an honorable name, lie was horn in Prussia. Germany, Sq)tem- lier 14, 1833, and is a son of Lambert ami Mary (Kulmer) Ophardt. The mother rlicd in that country in 1S54. There the fatlier followed farming uiuil 1S57. when he came to .\merica. but died three days after arriving at Mt. I'ulaski. In the fam- ily were seven children, four sons and three (laughters. I'eter Ophardt attended the common schools of his native land from the age of >i.\ to f(jurteen years, and then aideil his father in the operation of the home farm until he was twenty. I'.idding good-by to home and family in 1S33. he took passage on a sailing vessel in the harbor of Bremen, and after a long and tewn. Illinuis, a daughter of John anpiiia Heine. To tliis union was ))orn one son. John, who is ilow on the home farm. Mrs. Ophardt died in Novem- ber. iH<>(>. and for his second wife he mar- ried .Anna Heine, who died .March 14. 1897. On April <>. iS»/j, Mr. Ophardt married Miss P'mma Rother. who was alsard shanty, which they occupied for five years, and which was then replaced by a more commodious and substantial struc- ture. .\s time pas.sed Mr. Ophardt stead- ily i)rospered in his farming o])erations, and he added to his original purchase until he had two hundred acres of valuable and highly jirinluctive laiul under e.xcellent cul- tivation. He always gave considerable at- tention to the raising of strt is al- ways given the men and measures of the Democratic i)ariy. He deserves great credit for the success that he has achieved in life, .IS on coming to Mt. Pulaski he had only fifty cents in his jxicket with which to liegin his business career in this county, but be has always made the most of his advantages, and by hard work, strict integrity and giMid management be has succeede\' a natural inclination and by observing the universal respect paid physi- cians. He was graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine, and also took a course at the University Medical College, Xew '^I'ork, during the sessions of 1858-9. In September, 1851, Dr. Sargent came to Illinois, and first located in Coles county, where he .soon succeeded in building up a good jjractice, but after two years' residence there he. like many others, was driven away by the ague. On leaving the state he was fully determined never to return, but after regaining his health, while on board an Ohio river steamer, he fell into conversation with a gentleman from Logan county, who, learning his profession, urged him to locate here, stating that it oflfered fine inducenients to a competent young physician. .\ year later Dr. Sargent took his advice and came to this county, in 1854. and was engaged in practice at :Mt. Pulaski until i860, when he removed to Lincoln, following his chosen profession at this place with marked success for almost a third of a century. In iS<)_' he went to \\'icliit;i. Kansas, where he lived retired until his death, which occurred h'eb- ruary 2. 1898. On the i_'th of May. 1856. Dr. Sargent was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Millar, who was born in Pike county. Ohio, in i8j;_'. ;nid was a daughter of ("ornelius Elton :ui(l X.incy (James) Millar. 1 Icr fa- ther, who was a classical scholar, removed )(.k Ai-nirAi. Ki-(()ivi) settlcti ill tlie Sciuto valley, on tlie smuhcrn biiiiulary of Pike county. His wife was tlie el«lest daiiglucr of Hon. John James, who removed to Marietta, Ohio, in com- pany with the Putnams and others. Mr. James was intensely religious and imbued his chililrcn with the same disi)osition. In the Millar family were four children : Jane, wife of Sanfortl Williams, a farmer of Kan- sas: Julia Ann, wife of Kev. John Q. Gib- son, a Methoflist Episcojial minister; Ke- I^ecca. who became Mrs. Sargent: and Cor- nelius KIton. a farmer and cajjitalist of Sci- oto county. Ohio. To Dr. and Mrs. Sar- gent were lK>rn four children, namely : Al- gernon Millar, a |)hysician of Lincoln, whose sketch appears on another page of this volume: Julia and Mary, twins; and Samuel. Jr. The wife and mother, who was a devout and earnest Christian, died in Lincoln in i8<)j. On attaining his majority Dr. Sargent became identified with the Whig party, and, being a strong anti-slavery advocate, joined the Republican jjarty on its organization, and remained one of its stanch supporters throughout life. Although he did not enter the army, he believed in tlie vigorous jjrose- cution of the war. and for several years he served as examining physician for pensions, it being the only oliice for which he ever maile ajiplicatii |)ear- aiue, embodying health and vigor, and his course ill life was ever such as to command the rcspcci and confulence of all with whom he came in contact, either in business or social life. He met with many (jbstacles in the path to success, but steadily overcame them, and secured for himself and f.-miily a comfortable competence. His pleasant. ment into the sick-ro. .in. and his ]>atients always placei coulidence. WILLI A.\l i:. SI.IDI.I As sui>ervisor and general manager of the Illinois Home for Odd Fellows' Or- phans. Mr. William E. Seidel has been a competent business man, and has won the approbation of the public. Ihe discharge c^f his duties requires the e.xercise of e.\- ceeding patience, kindness and good judg- ment, mingled with great firmness and no little e.vecutive ability. The birth of Mr. Seidel cation until he became a .soldier in the L'nioii army, during the Civil war. 4*"or four years he faithfully jK-r- fornied his duty, but his health was broken when he returned home and he died in 1870, at the age of thirty-seven years. The mother of our subject .still survives, at the age of seventy-three years, and is now the wife tif Jacob Warner, a farmer of Berks county. Six children were born to her tirst marriage, the five survivors being: Charles, a teacher in Lincoln; William K., the sub- ject of this sketch; Emma, the wife of Cleorge Dnnkleberger, of Pennsylvania; 1-Llla, now Mrs. Warner, also of Pennsyl- vania: and Sally, the wife of George Dnn- kleberger, of Pennsylvania. These all at- tended the common scluxds of Pennsyl- vania and became well and favorably knitwn in their several communities. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 3'i William E. Seidel, our subject, received a good common school education, and at tlie age of eighteen yeai's learned the hatter's trade, completing his apprenticeship in two years, and then he entered a foundry, where for six months he gained valuable exiK^ri- ence. Then Mr. Seidel was attracted by the fine farming lands of the west and went to Sedalia, Missouri, where he was em- ployed for a short peril k1. Returning u> the east, he located in Lincoln, Illinois, and became the barber in the State Asylum for Feeble Minded, remaining in that capacity for .seven years, when he was given charge as outside supervisor, continuing in the duties of that position for the succeeding seven years, when he resigned in 189O to accept the position as supcr\istir and gen- eral manager at the Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home. Careful and closely attentive to his duties, Mr. Seidel became thoroughly ac- quainted with all of the details of this work, and as general manager and superintendent of the grounds brings to bear bis valuable experience. He is a competent gardener. and has one assistant, the balance of the work on the grounds being performed bv the boys of the institution. His personal- ity is strong and his energetic methods in- spire imitation by the inmates. His success in directing their efforts has been most en- couraging. Mr. Seidel has always Ijelonged to the Democratic party and has been active in its Avork. He contributes liberally to the suj)- port of educational and religious enter- prises and is a highly respected citizen. Socially he is connected with Lodge Xo. 345, I. O. O. F., of Lincoln. Mr. Seidel is a man of ample means, owns forty acres of valuable timber land in Florida, a ])ro- ductive farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Edwards. Oklahoma, and a ilesirablc resi- dence property in Park Ridge, Chicago, all of which property he has amassed by his own efforts and judicious investments. AXroX ROMI'.K. The German-. \mcrican element is an unportant one in our conmiunwealth. Its representatives have usually been men of determination who have come to the United States because they desired to enjoy the bet- ter opportunities of this land, and who have been loyal to her interests and her institu- tions, becoming law-abiding and progress- ive citizens, of value to the communities in which they have made their homes. To this class belongs Anton Romer, now a retired farmer, living in Mount Pulaski. He crossed the Atlantic from the Fatherland and arrived here empty-handed, but, with determined purpose, has steadily progressed, and is now in possession of a handsome competence, which enables him to rest from active labor. Mr. Romer was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, December 19, 1835, a son of An- ton and Grace Romer. The mother died in Germany, but the father, after following farming there for many years, came with his family to the new world in t86i. land- ing at Philadelphia. Pennsylvania. In i86j he enlisted fi>r three years' service in the Civil war as a member of a Maryland regiment, and on his return from the south, in 1866, he became a guest at a hotel in Philadelphia, where he fell from a sixth- story window and was instantly killed. It was in the year 1853 that Anton Romer. Jr.. the subject of this rc\iew, came to .\merica. When he arrived in Xew York he had nut immev suflicient to i)a\- the 312 THE lilOGKAI'HICAL RECORD. tirayagfe on Iiis tnink and the drayman kq>t it for tlie charges. Tluis lie was left with- out anything, — a stranger in a strange land — but a man whom he had not previously known befriended him and assisted him to reach Piiiladelphia. where he S(jon found emidoyment. He had a brother living in Delaware, and in that state he secured work on a farm, receiving in conii)ensation for his services eight dollars i)er month and his lK)ard and washing. He also accjuircd prac- tical knowledge of American methods ()f agriculture, and after three years si)ent in Delaware, in the vicinity of the home of his brother b>sei)h, he came to Illinois in 1850, I'pcating first in Jacksonville. .\b)rgan coun- tv. where he was vigorously emi)loyed until he began feeding cattle for dift'ercnt pei>ple. including John Alexander and Judge IJrown, of Jacksonville, and .soon gained a gti(), when he re- moved to Mwn Indi- ana farmer. They now have one child. ?»Iattie. who was lx)rn in 1892. Both our subject and his wife are most estimable peo- ple, and their circle of friends is extensive. In politics our subject was formerly very active, and his support is ever given to the men and measures of the Republican party. Sociallv he is connected with Hancock Lodge. Xo. 42, I. O. O. F., of Warsaw, Illinois. Such, in brief, is the history of one of the most enterprising German-.\mer- ican citizens of L»3gan county. He has never had occasion to regret his determina- tion to make a home in the new world, for in the land of the free he has found the n ol t\M' _vc:ii>. •urni.; wiiu.; ■iiie he served as county treaMtrer, until liis :.ies lalxirs were ciuletl in death in iSyy. ] le was thrice married, liis first union being .\ith KHzalwtli Nice, who died, leaving a .laughter, to wlumi had l)ecn given the mother's name. Mr. Longan then luarried .Mary Ann Nice, a sister of his first wife and the nii')ther i>f our subject. Her death i>c- currcd in WillianisiM.rt. Pennsylvania. She h.id five children: James .\".. of this re- \icw: Oliver Watson, now deceaseil ; John, who diese Margaret Cummings. who is also decea.sed. and hy whom he had Mue child, .\lbert Hoyd. now a resident of the Keystone state. .\fter obtaining a common school edu- cation and arriving at years of business discretion. Mr. Longan. of this review, be- gan farming in Lycoming county. IVnnsyl- \ania. where he remainer two years. He was married there in i8f)0 to Harriet A. Minsker. a native of Delaware and a .laughter .)f Moses and Mary Minsker. She burg. where he con- tinued to engage in the tilling of the soil and the improvement of his propi-rty until 1S7.:. He then embarked in the grain business in Tfartsburg. representing .\. W. Kay. of Dclavan. and for ten or twelve ye:ir< he con- tinued to buy aname time he acted as agent for the Cnited State- ■ ^,...^- ..., ... -larts- burg. When he retireii from the grain trade he rested from business activity for aljoul three years, when, in 1S90. he estab- lished a general mercantile store, in which he carries a large and well-selected st one is more worthy of mention among the representative citizens of Logan county than James N. Long:m. D.WID (ilLCllRlST. David Gilchrist i-; living retired in Lin- coln, having through years of active and honorable labor ac<|uire- ject his educational privileges, and under the parental roof he remained until his majority, when he startetl out upon his business career, being employed by a neighboring famier until the spring of 1842. Attracted by the possibilities of the new world, he then crossed the briny deep, and after landing at Xew York made his way to Bristol county, Rhode Island, where he again secured em- plo\Tnent on a farm, remaining in that state for three years. On the expiration of that period Mr. Gilchrist came to Illinois, and since 1845 h^ l)een a resident of Logan county. He se- cured a claim.of eighty acres, for which he paid one hundred and fifty-two dollars, and in true pioneer style he Ijegan life in the west. The homes of the settlers were w idely scattered, but hospitality reigned supreme, and many pleasures were enjoyed that are not known at the present day. There were also many hardships to be borne in develop- ing a new farm, but with genuine Scotch thrift and commendable enterprise Mr. Gil- christ continued his work, and his lalx)rs re- sulted in developing a splendid property. As the years passed his labors and energy- brought to him a good financial reward, and he made judicious investments in land until he is now the owner of fif- teen hundrefl acres — the material evidence <:'f his business activity. He made a sijecialty of the raising of cattle and hogs, which he fattenetl for the market and sold at a gtX)d price. He also had extensive com and wheat fields and his production in those lines was large. His farming operations in the course of time became verj- extensive and profitable, and with a very handsome com- petence he retired to his pleasant home in Lincoln and put aside the arduous duties of tlie fami. Mr. Gilchrist has been twice married. He first wedded Helen McMath. in June, 1839. She died in Orvil township, in No- vember, 1858, leaving seven children: William, a resident of Nebraska ; James, of Orvil township: Margaret, the wife of Henry C. Johnson, of Ford county, Illi- nois; Mary, the wife of Benjamin Geddis, of Eminence township; David J., who is also living in the same township: Robert, of Nebraska: and Helen, the wife of \'. A. Ellis, of Nebraska. Helen McMillan, a twin of Robert, died Noveniljer 7. 1852, at the age of fifteen months, and William died in infancy. For his second wife Mr. Gil- christ chose Mrs. Mary Marr. the widow of Edward Marr. He was a native of Scotland, and came to America in i860, his death occurring in 1863. Mrs. Gilchrist was born in Roxburyshire, Scotland. Feb- ruary 12, 1829, and by her first marriage she had six children, four of whom are liv- ing: John E., of Wedington, Arkansas; William T., of Fayetteville. Arkansas; Mary Anna; and Edward T.. of Ljgan county; Timothy P. and Thomas Wallace, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Gilchrist have had four children — Liffey .\delia, who died February 19. 1886, at the age of twenty years and six months ; and Joseph Abraham Lincoln Gilchrist, of Lincoln ; and two who died in infancy. While residing in Orvil township Mr. Gilchrist served for several terms as trus- tee and was also a member of the school boaTtU In January, 1881. he rented His farm and removed to Lincoln, where he now has a very pleasant home. He has 318 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. been the architect of his o^vn f(irtiines ami has huikled wisely and well. for. thongh he started out in life for himself empty-handed, he has steadily worked his way upward, and his resolute spirit and laudable ambition, resting upon untiring effort, have brought to hSm most gratiifying and well-merited prosperity. He had but one hundred and ten dollars when he arrived in Illinois, which condition is in marked contrast to his present financial standing. In politics he is a Republican, and has ever been loyal to the best interests of his adopted land. In 1882 he went to Scotland, visiting the scenes of his boyhood, which he had not seen for forty years. Although he saw- many familiar landmarks, there were also many changes \\l('ch time and man had wrought. At the age of eighty-six. he is now living quietly in Lincoln, hut is still hale and hearty, retaining his faculties un- impaired. He was reared in the estab- lished church of Scotland, but after coming to Illinois became a meml)cr of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church, in which he has served as ruling elder for a number (.)f years. JOHN R. GRINTER. Tohn R. Grinter. deceased, was for many years actively identified with the agricultural interests of this county, and was a man of prominence in his community. .V native of Kentucky, he was born in Logan county, that state, August 17, 1823, and was a son of Francis and Susan (Reed) Grinter, who were of old Virginian stock and were the parents of four children. Our subject received a good, practical education in the common schools of his na- tive state, and early accjuired an excellent knowledge of agricultural pursuits, which he made his life work. Coming to Illinois, in 1 85 1, he purchased a farm in Mt. Hope, where he followed his chosen occupation until 1863, when he came to Atlanta, mak- ing this place his home throughout the re- mainder of his life. He bought a farm in Oran township, this C(ninty, and to its cul- tivation devoted his energies until ca.lled to his final rest February 5, 1897. At Jonesboro, Tennessee, October 19, 1849, Ml"- Grinter was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Young, who was Ixirn in that state, on the 22d (if June, 1830. and was a daughter of Henry Young, also a native of Tennessee. By this union the following children were born : Francis H.. a resident of St. Louis; Mary F.. now ]Mrs. George Teal; Mrs. Imogene Clark, who is living with her mother; John S. ; and three de- ceased. Mr, (irinter deserved great credit for the success he achieved in life, as at an early age he was compelled to seek his own live- lihood and aid in the support of the family. Being a great reader and a lover of books of A-aluable information, he acquired an excel- lent knowledge of men and .affairs, and may be termed a self-educated as well as self- made man. He always made the most of his opportunities throughout life and became quite well-to-do. Near the close of the :\lexican war he enlisted as second lieuten- ant in the Russellville (Kentucky) Light Guards, but was never called Mnto active ser\-ice owing to the cessation of. hostilities soon afterward. He was a great temper- ance worker and a strong Prohibitionist. Religiouslv he was a devout member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and was one of the chief instigators in the building THE BIOGRAriilCAL RECORD. 319 of the Lincoln University. He was a kind and devoted luisl)an(l and fatlier and was well liked by his fellow citizens, who seemed to appreciate his sterlinj^- worth and many e.xcellences of character. His estiniahle wife still attends to his farming interests in Oran township, but lives in Atlanta, where she owns a nice residence. Here she is spending her declining years, surrounded by a large circle of friends and acfjuaintances, who hnld jier in liieh regard. DAXIEL L. BRAUCHER. For almost sixty years this gentleman has been identified with the interests of Lo- gan county, and is now efficiently serving as county sur\eyor. his home being in Lin- coln. He was born in Pickaway county. Ohio. March i, 1833, and i'^ a son of Isaac R. and Rachel (Ludwig) Braucher, both of whom were of German descent. Our sulj- ject's paternal grandfather, Conrad Brauch- er, was a native of Germany, and on his emigration to America settled in Penn.syl- vania. The father was born in that state. Octoljer 8. 1800. and in early life removed to Pickaway county. ( )hi(>, where he was united in marriage with Rachel Ludwig. who was born in 18 10. and was a daughter of Daniel Ludwig. In 1835 they came to Illinois, and located on the Sangamrm ri\er near Springfield, where Mr. Braucher yjur- chased a steam sawmill, which he operated for some time, being a miller by trade. In 1842 he came to Logan county and settled on Salt creek, in Aetna township, having previously i)urchased a mill site there. He. built a sawmill and m 1848 completed the erection of a gristmill, which he successfully carried on for some time, but linallv sold this ]iroperty and bought a farm, making it his home until his death, which occurred July _'-. 1870. The mother of our sub- ject died Ma\- 0. 1848. Daniel L. r.r:uicher, of this re\'iew. was educated in the Liberal Institute, now Lom- bard L'ni\crsiiy. where he pursued a scien- tilic course, t^n leaving school he returned home and devoted his time and energies to farming. On the 15th of June, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta C. Hill, a daughter of Frederick and Salome ( I'owler ) Hill. I'.y this union were born nine children: William B.. of Dativille. Illinois: Alma K.. who was graduated in medicine and engaged in practice in Lincoln for some time, but gave up her office to assist in the care of her brother's mother- less child: .\rthur C. : Edward R. ; Daniel L.. now deceased: Ernest X.. of Chica- go: Herbert H., who is a teacher in the Lincoln high .school: Rali)h Waldo is now an inspector in the horticultural department of Ohio: and Stella May. deceased. After his marriage Mr. Braucher locat- ed on section 29, Aetna township, and suc- cessfully engaged in the operation of a farm of two hundred acres, which he placed ini- der a high state of cultivation and improved bv tiling and erecting good buildings there- on. Laying aside all personal interests. Mr. Braucher entered the Union army during the Civil war. enlisting in 1862 in Company D. One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, under Colonel R. B. Latham. His regiment was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, and did provost duty for a time at Jackson, Tennessee. Mr. Braucher took jjart in several engagements and skir- mishes, and was also in the siege of X'icks- burg until the surrender of that stronghold on Sunday. July 4. 1863. .\fter the fall of N'icksburg be went with Ins command to THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Helena, Arkansas, and fnim there to Little Rock and Pine Bluff. When hostilities ceased he was honorahl}- discharged June 12, 1S65, and returned to Lincoln, his wife having hicated here while he was at the front. In the fall of 1S65 ^Ir. Braucher was elected county surveyor on the Reimlilican ticket, and served in that capacity f^ur years to the entire satisfaction of his con- stituents, hut declincl itulher honors along that line. He then lunied Ins attention to the manufacture of a mill machine, known as the Little Giant Comhined Feeder, Snnit- ter and Separator, and continued in that business until 1885, wlien the roller system was introduced, and he discontinued the manufacture of his machine. He had done an extensive business for some fifteen years. He then engaged in civil engineering and. surveying until the fall of 1900. when he was elected county surveyor on the Democratic ticket. In 187S he was elected mayor of Lincoln on the Greenback ticket, and credit- ably filled that ofiice one term. In politics he is independent and in his present cajiacity as county surveyor has served the ])eoplc longer than any other living citizen in this county. Socially he is a member of ?\lt. Pulaski Lodge, No. 87, A. F. & A. ^I., fnmi Avhich he dimitted soon after the war. He is one of Logan county's honored pioneers and representative citizens, and this volume would 1)6 incomplete \\-ithout the record of his life. FREDERICK DITTUS. Frederick Dittus, a retired farmer re- siding in Mount Pulaski, is numbered among the early settlers of Logan county, as he came to this section of the state among those who laid the foundation for its pros- perity and progress by l)raving the hard- ships of pioneer life and thus ojjening the way to civilization. Throughout the long vears of his residence here his career has been an ujjright. honorable one. gaining for him the uncpialified cower for its benefit. PETER SANDEL. This well-known and successful farmer and stock dealer, residing oil section 20. Chester township, is a native of Baden, Ger- many, born near Heidelberg, on the 29th of January. 1861. His parents, Alichael and Alary (Bock) Sandel, were born in the same place, the former in 1828, and the latter in 1833. After acquiring a good common school education the father engaged in farm- ing in Iiis native land until 1880. when he came to the United States, bringing with him his family. On landing in this country he proceeded at once to Illinois, his destina- tion being Logan county, where he has since made his home. Here he continued to fol- low farming until 1893, when he removed to Lincoln, and having laid aside all business cares is now living a retired life, though he still enjovs good heaUh. He is a member THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 323 of tlie I'"vanj^elical churdi of Lincoln, and takes an active part in its win^k. In his family were eleven children, of wlmni fwL- died in Germany in early childhood, and one died in America, in 1880, at the age of six- teen years. Those still living are Henry, a baker of Brooklyn, Xew York; Peter, the subject oi this sketch; Margaret, wife of Fred Julcli, a farmer of Oklahoma; Philip, also a farmer of Oklahoma ; and George, a resident of Chester township, this county. They were all educated either in the public schools of Germany or this country, and re- mained with th.eir parents, working on the home farm until they established homes of their own. Peter .Sandel attendetl school in the fa- therland until fourteen years of age, but his English education has been self-acquired since the emigration of the family to Amer- ica. He remained under the jjarental roof until twent\-fi\e years of age, and was then married, September 6, 1886, to Miss ]\Iar\- Leinweber, who was born in German}-, April 28, 1868, and was only a year old when brought by her parents to the new world, the family locating in Mason county, Illinois, where she was reared, educated and married. Her father is now deceased, but her mother is still Ii\-ing in Mason county, which is also the home of nine of her twelve children. Two of the family reside in Ne- braska, while Mrs. Sandel is the only one of the number living in Logan county. There were six children liorn to our subject and his wife, but two died in infancy. The others are Anna, Emil, Hattie and Luella, all at home attending the district school of the neighborhood. After his marriage 'Mr. Sandel settled on a farm of two hundred acres in Sheridan township, near Xew Holland, and in 1894 came to Chester township, where he has since successfully engaged in general farm- ing on a tract nf fnur hundred and se\enty acres owned by 1-". C'. W. Kdchnlc. lie is also engaged in buxing and selling cattle and in grain dealing. He has made all needed improxements upon his place, and is regarded as one of the most systematic and thorough farmers of his communit}'. Fraternal)}- both Air. and Mrs. Sandel are members of the Modern Federal .Vmer- ica Lodge, of Lincoln, and he carries an en- dowment insurance of four thousand dollars. Religiously he is a member of the Evan- gelical church. Formerly he affiliated with the Democratic party, but now votes the Republican ticket, and he served as road commissioner in Sheridan township. He has never been an aspirant for office, but gives his personal attention to his farming interests and has thereby met with success. He is one of the leading men of his town- ship, and is held in high regard by all who JAAIES BURNS. James Burns, who is the operator of one of the largest farms in Broadwell township, and a useful citizen of Logan count}', was Ijorn in County Limerick, Ireland. Jinie 13. 1864. and is a son of Patrick and Alargaret ( Day) Burns. Patrick Burns was a native and resident of Ireland for a number of years, coming to the United States with his family in September, 1864. \Yben James was an infant. .\t that time he po.ssessed but limited means, but b}- his industry and econ- omy he became the owner of a gtxxl farm in Elkhart township, which he rented, makiu"' his home on the farm now occupied by James Burns, w-here he died July 10. 1891, at the age of fifty-seven years. His death 324 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was unexpected, as he had always been in vigorous health. His widow resides with our subject. Although a good citizen he never identified himself with either political ]5arty. A-oting for the man rather than the party. Se\eral local offices were offered him, but he declined to serve in any official capacit}-. preferring" to give all of his atten- tion to his farming interests. The five chil- dren born to him and wife were as follows : Catherine, the wife of William L. Hickey, now living in Chester township: John, liv- ing on a farm in Corwin township; James, the subject of this sketch ; Thomas, a farmer living in Broadwell : and Alary, wife of Thomas F. Mowen, of Clinton, Illinois. While but an infant James Burns, the subject of this sketch, came to Logan county with his parents, and grew to manhood on the farm, attending the public schools of his district. Later he took an elective course at Notre Dame. Indiana, remaining there one year, and then returned home to assist his father. On Xoxember 5. 1S95. our subject was married to Aliss Julia Tuohy, who was born in County A\"exford, Ireland, in 1870. She was liberally educated in her native country and there became a teacher. In 1891 she came to Lincoln, Illinois, to visit her uncle, the late esteemed Father Tuohy, who for twenty-three years had officiaiecl as a priest of St. Patrick's Catholic church, in this city. Three children have been born to 'Mr. and ]\Irs. Burns, namely : James P., Ji.ihn F., and Julia. After marriage ]\Ir. and Airs. Burns set- tled upon the farm they now occup}-. This consists of six hundred acres of land, with the residence, located on section 27, Broad- well township. Air. Burns has carried on extensive operations here, both in general farming and stock raising, l^u^•ing and feed- ing a large number of cattle and hogs. He has a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, partly under culti\ati(_in, in western Nebraska, and he also owns considerable property in Broadwell. As an intelligent and acti\"e member of the Democratic party he has efficiently filled many of the town- ship offices, serving for four terms as col- lector, and in 1898 he was elected supervisor, being re-elected in 1900 for the ensuing two years. He is chairman of the road and bridge committees, and is also a memljer of the committee on claims and on fees and salary. His administration v\-hile in office has given entire satisfaction lO his constit- uents, and he is one of the most popular officials in the county. Mr. Burns is also prominent in the tra- ternal orders, being a member of the Court of Honor, of Broadwell; the Catholic Order of Foresters, Lincoln Couri, No. 192, in which he was formerly an officer : and the Ancient Order Hibernians, Division, No. I, in Lincoln. Air. Burns is very well known tiirough the county and is univer- sally respected. Both he and his estimable wife are members of St. Patrick's Catholic churcli. ijf which they are liberal supporters. HON. LAWRENCE B. STRINGER. One of Logan county's most promising- attorneys and influential citizens is Lawrence B. Stringer, the junior member of the law firm of Baldwin & Stringer, of Lincoln, and the Democratic state senator from the Twen- ty-eighth district. He was born February 24, 1866, and up to ten years of age resided in various localities in the state of New Jer- sey, his father being a Alethodist clerg\'man and moving from place to place in the man- ner characteristic of the ministrv of that de- L. B. STRINGER, LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUNOIS THE BIOGRArHICAL RFX:ORD. 327 nomination. In 1876 he went with liis par- ents to Eeluit, Wisconsin, residing there three years, and tlien going to La Salle conn- ty, Illinois. His primary education, ac- quired in the puhlic schools, wa.s supplement* ed by a course at Gitting's Seminary, a liter- ary institution located at LaHarpe, Illinois, which he attended from 1879 until 1882, graduating in the latter _\ear. During vaca- tions he was employed in the newspaper offices ofjthe village, where he learned the trade of a practical printer. In 1884 he came to Lincoln and entered Linci >ln L'niver- sity, now the Lincoln College of the James oMilliken L'niversity. and was graduated at that institution with the degree of A. B. in 1887. While in college he particularly inter- ested himself in oratorical work, winning the college oratorical contest over fi\-e competi- tors in 1885, and again in 1886, and repre- senting Lincoln University at the Tnfer-Col- legiate State contest in 1886. After gradua- tic^i he was connected with the Lincoln Times in a journalistic capacity for several years. In 1S94 he entered the Chicago Col- lege of Law. which is the law department of Lake Forest University, and on complet- ing the prescribed course was graduated in 1896 and admitted to the bar in June of that same year. The following year he took a post-graduate course in the same institution, and was granted the degree of LL. B. Pie I^egan the practice of his profession at Lin- coln in August, 1898, and in its prosecution has met with excellent success. On the i8th of December, 1890, Mr. Stringer was united in marriage with Miss Hefen Pegram, daugliter of William A. I'e- gram, of Lincoln. Fraternally he is a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias and the Im- pro\ed Order of Red Men, and was for three years grand trustee of the grand lodge of Illinois. Knights of Pvthias. At an early age Mr. Stringer became in- terested in politics, making his- first cam- paign speeches in 1884, when eighteen years of age, and he has stumped the state under the direction of the Democratic state com- mittee in every campaign since. He was nominated for state representative at Deca- tur in 1890 for the old Macon-Logan county district, and although the district lia.d before been considered a Reimbli- can district, he was elected by a plur- ality of twenty-three hundred and ten. He was the youngest member of the thirty-seventh general assembly, and re- ceived a chairmanship of a committee — an licjnor rarely ever accorded a first termer. He was chosen by caucus to second the nomination of General John M. Palmer for United States senator in the joint assem- bly, and was one of the famous "loi"' who voted eight weeks to elect General Palmer to that position. As a member of the committee on labor in that body he took especial interest in measures introduced on behalf of organ- ized labor. More measures were passed at this session of the legislature in the interests of the coal miners of the state than at any previous session, and for th.is result the miners' organizations were not tardy in officially giving a large measure of the credit therefor to Mr. Stringer. In the Chicago mayoralty contest of 1891. up«m the invitation of the city Democratic com- mittee, he made a speaking campaign of two weeks in that city, and in the fall of the same year accom])anied General Palmer on a campaigning tour through the state of Iowa. He was renominated for rep- resentative by acclamation in 1S92, was re- ' elected by a handsome majority in the same district, and became a member of the thirtv- eighth general assembly. In this body he was made chairman of the committee on edu- 328 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. cation, and was the author of the bill which took the place of the well-known Edwards <:om])ulsory-educatiun law. He also assisted in the preparation of the Australian ballot law which was passed at this session. In January, 1894, he received an appointment under the Cleveland administration in the United States pension servTce, with head- quarters at Chicago. In June, 1900, at Ha- \-ana, Illinois, he was nominated without op- position for state senator by the delegates from the four counties then comprising- the thirtv-secoud district, namely, Logan, Ma- son, Menard and Cass counties. During the campaign he did not confine his attention to his immediate district, but campaigned the state under the direction of the state com- mittee, accompanying William J. Bryan upon his special Illinois tour. Mr. Stringer was elected to the state senate by a ])lurality of twenty-two hundred and twenty-two, being o\-er two hundred Aotes greater than Mr. Bryan's plurality in the district. He was selected by the joint Democratic caucus in the forty-second g-eneral assembly to formal- ly present the njune of Hon. Samuel Alschul- er as the Democratic candidate for United States senator, the speech so nominating- Mr. .Vlschuler being delivered in the state senate January 22, 1901, and a full text of which was printed in the Chicago and St. Louis papers and circulated by the state com- mittee as a campaign document. Mr. Stringer ^\•as a mei-nber of all the leading comn-iittees of the forty-second general assembly, includ- ing the special committee on the revision ot the practice laws of the state, took an active part in legislation, and was the author ot sev- eral important measures which found their way to the statute books of the state. After the session he was appointed by the Demo- cratic committee as chainnan of the sub-com- mittee to inquire into and pass upon the con- stitutionality of the new apportionment act, with a view to attacking it m the courts. HURLEY McCARREL. Hurley McCarrcl, deceased, was one of the leading- and representati\e farmers of Logan county. He was born on the 28th of July. 1826, in Allegany county, New ^'ork, and was a son of John and Miranda (Boardwell) McCarrel, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Pennsylvania. The father died when our subject was onlv six- years old, but the mother long survived him, dying- in Texas in 1888. Mr. McCarrel was educated in the put)- lie schools of his nati\e state and when a mere lad worked in .'i dairy to assist in the support of his widowed mother. In 1844 he came to Illinois, and after spending a short time in Bond county took up his residence in Logan county, where he continued to make his home throughout life. He aided in the earl)- de\'eloi)ment and upbuilding of the count)', and successfully engaged in farming until two years ])rior to his death, when he lived retired from active labor, en- joying a well-earned rest. In 1847 Mr. McCarrel married Miss Xancy Dyer, who was born i.x Illinois, Sep- teml>er 29, 1826, and died January 18, 1893. Her parents were William and Margaret I Slatten ) Dyer, the former of Irish and the latter of German descent. Her father came to this state from Kentucky, and her mother from Tennessee. Of the ten children who were 1x)rn to Mr. and Mrs. McCarrel, one, John \\'., died in infancy. The others are Minerva; George; Mary Margaret, de- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 329 ceased : Elizabeth ; Daniel : Hanan C. : Sarah A. : Ilonrv i. and Ida May. Tlic dau-hters, .Misses Sarali A. and Ida May. reside in a cozy Httle lunne in Atlanta, where they are snrrnnnded hy a lar^e circle nf friends and acquaintances. They tenderly cherish tlie memory of their beloved parents and take great pride in preservmg all matters pertaining to them. The family hold membership in the Christian church and Mr. McCarrel always took an acli\e interest in its work. He was looked upon as one of the most upright and con.scientious men of his communit\- and at iiis death his many friends realized that the county had lost a valued citizen. Bv his ballot he supported the men and meas- ures of the Republican party, but he ne\-er cared for political honors. He served many years as school director in his district, zuc\ always gave hjs support to ail enterprises calculated to advance the educational, moral or social interests of his C(.immunit\-. JEREMIAH PARKER. Jeremiah Parker, familiarl}- known as Jerry by his many friends throughout Lo- gan county, is the senior member of the firm of Parker & Rudolph, painters and decorators of Lincoln. He was born in Warren connty, Ohio, on the J4th of .March, 1855, and was only two years old when he came to Lincoln with his parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (McMullen) Parker, who were natives of Tennessee and Maryland, respectively. During his active business ca- reer the father followed blacksmithing. but spent his last \-ears in retirement fnmi labor. He made his home with our subject after the latter's marriage, and died in Lincoln in 1895, at the advanced age of nearly eighty-eight years. lie long survived his wife, who died in 185S. She was twice married, her first husband being a Mr. Car- lock, by whom she had one daughter, now living. Elizabeth, wife of William G. Stark- ey, of Lincoln, who is one of the oldest set- tlers of the city. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Parker, two of whom died in infancy, while Samuel died at Helena, y\r- kansas, during his service in the L^nion ar- my ; and Thomas B., who was also a soldier of the Civil war, died in Lincoln, Illinois. Those of the family still living are George \\'.. who served his country as a member of Company B, Second Illinois Cavalry, and is now a resident of Lincoln: Mary, wife of \\'illiam Ragland. of Hutchinson. Kansas; Celia, widow of J. H. Corwine, of Lincoln; and Jeremiah, the subject of this sketch. Leaving school at the age of elc\en \ears, Jerr)- Parker began work on a farm as a laborer and was thus employed for live _\ears. In 1871 he returned to Lincoln, where he learned the tratle of carriage pamt- ing with Frank Gerard, now deceased, and worked for him for eighteen \ears ha\-ing charge of the business fcjr several }-ears. When the son succeeded to the business, Mr. Parker remained with him as manager for some time. He was ne.xt with J. P.. Her- man. In 1898 he opened a .shop of his own. and admitted to partnership Mr. I\udol])h in the s])ring of jyoi, the firm becoming I'arker & Rudoli)h. They do all kinds (,f car- riage painting, as well as house painting, decorating and paper hanging, and hai-e built up a good trade, which is constantly increasing, as the superiority of their work becomes known. Mr. Parker was m;u'ried in Lincoln in 1882, to Miss .Annie L. Stoltz. who was born in Niagara countv. New N'ork, in Ian- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. uary, 1857. About 1876 her parents came with their family to Logan county, llh- nois, and here remained on a farm until 1889, when they removed to. INhmtana, where they now live. Mr. and ]\Irs. Parker have two children: Leona and ^linnie Elizabeth. The Republican party has always fdund in Mr. Parker a stanch supporter of its principles, and of late years he has taken quite an active part in politics. In 1896 he was elected assessor of East Lincoln town- sliip, and so acceptably did he fill that office that he has been constantly re- elected, and is the present incumbent. He has given good satisfaction in all his (lccisi'>ns. Socially he is an honored memlier ( if Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. O. F., in which he has pa.ssed through the chairs ; and also belongs to Keo- kuk Tribe. I. O. R. M., and Richard J. Og- lesby Camp, No. 7363, M. W. A., and the Modern American Fraternal Oilder. ' His wife is a member of the German Lutheran church, hut Mr. Parker was reared in the Methodist church, jovial in disposition, he makes many friends, and is held in high re- gard In- all who know him. WILLIAM HUNGERFORD. The subject of this sketch is one of the leading coutractors and builders of Lincoln. and is also successfully engaged in the man- ufacture of sash, doors and blinds, in fact, all kinds of builders' and mill supplies. He was born in Bridgewater, Connecticut, May 31, 1833. and is a worthy representative of an old New England family, his jjarents be- in- WilliaiM ;ind Adeline (Keclcr) llnnger- r.ird. The lather, wli.i was ;i native of Mas- sachusetts and a loricklaver h\ trade, died about 1890, and the mother passed away S(.)me years previous. Mr. Hungerford was reared at his birth- place and there acquired a good common school education. \\'hich was completed by a course in the high school at that place. On laying aside his text books he entered upon his business career. He went to Poughkee]isie, New ^'ork, where he served an apprenticeslii]) to the carpenter's trade. Having mastered his chosen \-ocatiy gi\-ing close attention t(> his business he has built u]) a large trade as a manufacturer of sash, doors, blinds ;uid building ni;iterial of all kinds, .-ind he has also extcnsndy en- gaged in contracting and building, ha\ing erected many dwellings and business houses in Lincoln and surrounding country. The excellence of his work has always been a convincing test of his own personal worth. In 1855 Mr. Hungerford married Miss Sarah ]M. Beach, of Poughkeepsie. New to them were born three children, namely: York, a daughter of Phineas H. Beach, and Adeline, now the wife of F. E. Bell, of Mafoon, Illinois; Phineas B.. of Lincoln; Martha, wife of Charles A. ^^'arf^eld, who has been a, mail carrier of Lincoln since free deliverv was established. The parents hold membership in the First Presbyterian church THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 331 of Lincoln, of wliich Mr. Hiingerford is one of the eUIers. and are hisflily respected and esteemed by all who know them. Their home is a neat and substantial frame resi- dence of the latest architectural design, and is the alxtde of hospitality and good cheer. Mr. Hungerford is a stanch Republican and served for several years on the city coun- cil, being elected on the temperance ticket, and he took an active part in the noted tem- perance agitation. During his term of office the water works were put in. FRANCIS MARIOX TUTTLE. Francis ~S[. Tuttle, deceased, was for many years one of the most enterprising and public-spirited men in Logan county, and to him the people owe a debt of gratitude, -which, in all probability, they will never meet. He was born in Greene county, Ohio. October 10. 1832, and was a son of James and Harriet (Hatch) Tuttle. in whose fam- ily were four sons and two daughters. The father was Ixjrn in Athens, Ohio, in 1806, and was there reared to manhood. He fol- lowed the manufacture of brick and was also a large distiller in Ohio, but he later took up farming, and by working early and late, he was soon enabled to lay aside all cares and spend the evening of his life in ease and retirement. He was a man who took considerable interest in his country, especial- ly in politics and was always ready to lenrl a helping hand to the needy. On April 14. 1899. he was finally called to his last rest, having reached the e.xtreme old age of nine- ty-three years. Our subject spent his boyhood days on the farm and there received a good country ■sch(X)ling. and learning tiie ins and outs of farming, which cx:cupation he later followed. In 1855 he engaged in the milling business in Logan county and continued in that ca- j)acity successfully until the year of 1861. He was rudely awakened from his quiet dreams of the future by the dark cloud of war. which overshadowed our beloved coun- try, and in the fall of the same year, his patriotism being aroused, Mr. Tuttle enlist- ed and was scxm made first lieutenant of Company E, One Hundred and Si.xth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry. He was engaged in several skirmishes and battles, but he was a brave, fearless officer, and was never in- jured. He served his country faithfully for two years, but through the hands of his enemies he was poisoned while on his way to to assist in the capture of Vicksburg, Mis- sissippi, and on July 29. 1863. he expired at Snyder Blufif, a distance of cix miles from Vicksburg. This being a time of war, the facts will ne\er become known, but the cruelty inflicted upon him at the hands of the villian ma(L> an irreparable loss to the entire company. On January 24. 1856. Mr. Tuttle was united in marriage with Miss Anna A. Stephens, of Ohio, a daughter of Andrew and Anna (Smith) Stephens, the father a native of \'irginia and the mother of Penn- sylvania. To Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle were born four children, two of wiiom are still living: Ivy L. and Alice D. The deceased were Lodema and Josephine. On June 10, 1869. Mrs. Tuttle was mar- ried to Charles H. Pierce, who is a farmer of Atlanta. Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. Pierce are members of the Baptist church and have the respect of the community in general. Socially our subject was a Mason, also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and ixiliticallv he was a stalwart 332 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Republican. His life record was one well worthy of einulation and contained many valuable lessons of incentive. Upright and honorable in all the relations of life he mer- ited and received the respect and confidence of all with whom he came in contact. CAPTAIN DAVID VAXHISE. With only ordinary advantages in youth and with no financial aid rendered him as he started out upon his business career Captain David Vanhise has steadily advanced in business circles until he now occupies a prominent, creditable and enviable position in the financial world of Logan county, be- ing president of the First National Bank of Mt. Pulaski, ^^'hen we examine into the secret of his success it will be fmind that it has been gained along the lines of old and well tried business principles. Industry, en- ergy, strong purpose and unquestioned hon- esty have formed the foundation of his pros- perity and made for him a record which is in every way worthy of emulation. The Captain is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Fairfield county, on the 22d of August, 182 J, his parents being James and Nancy J. ( W'instead ) Vanhise. His paternal grand]oarents were Abraham and Christine (Stenabaugh) Van- hise, the former a native of Virginia. The maternal grandfather. Griffin W'instead, was also a natix'e of X'irginia. while his wife, Margaret W'instead, came from Germany to America when fourteen years of age. The parents of our suljject were both natives of the Old Dominion, whence they removed to Fairfield county, Ohio, in 1810. The father served his country as a soldier in the war of 181 2. In October, i8^6, he removed with his wife to Logan county, Illinois, where they spent their remaining days, their home being in Mount Pulaski at the time they were called to their final rest, the father in 1866, the mother in 1858. In the public schools of his native coun- ty Captain Vanhise pursued his education, spending the winter months mastering the branches of English learning in such insti- tutions, while in the summer he assisted in the work of the home farm. He assisted in the cultivation of the fields on the old homestead until twent\-one years of age and then started out in life on his own account. He remained in Fairfield county, Ohio, until 1856, when he started with his family for Illinois, and on the 9th of October took up his abode in Logan county, and in March. 1857, he located in Blount Pulaski, where he engaged in the mercantile business. In 1862 he responded to the countr_\-'s call for \-olunteers to aid in crushing out the rebel- lion, becoming a member of Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, of which he was commissioned captain, while Colonel R. B .Latham commanded the regi- ment. They proceeded to Jackson, Tenes- see. and participated in the operation of the army during the whole siege of Vicksburg, the capitulation gix'ing an open waterway to the gulf. With his company Captain A'anhise afterward took part in the engage- ments at Helena, Little Rock and Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and was ever found at his post of duty, faithfully defending the L'nion cause until July, 1865. when he was honorably discharged with the rank of major. ^ Returning to Logan county }>Iajor Van- hise engaged in merchandising at Mount Pulaski, for four years having retained his interest in the business while in the army, and then turned his attention to the manu- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 333 facture of drain tile, establishing- a factory in which lie made tile, from three to twelve inches in diameter. For fifteen years he was in that line of business and met with excel- lent success in his undertakings, owing- to the fine product which he turned out antl his reliability in all trade transactions. He con- ducted one of the largest factories in this part of the .state. Eight days after selling that business he assisted in the organization of the I-'irst Xatimial I'ank. which was es- tablished with a capital stock of fifty thou- sand dollars. John Lincoln Ijecame presi- dent and Captain Vanhise, vice-president, and in that capacity our subject continued to serve until a vacancy occurred in the presi- dency, when he was chosen to that position, in whicli he has now served for six years. He has been largely iii.struinental in placing the bank upon a good paying basis and mak- ing it one of the most reliable financial con- cerns in this part of the state. He is a sagacious, far-sighted business man, deter- mined and resolute in carrying out his well formulated plans, and his energy and indus- try have been the salient features in his suc- cessful business career. In October, 184C), Ca])tain Vanhise was united in marriage to Aliss Catherine Mar- tin, of Pickaway county, Ohio, a daughter of Adam and Catherine ( Pontius) ^lartin, also of Pickaway county, 'fliey have a very pleasant and attractive home in :\louiit Pulaski, and in addition the Captain (}wns other city properly and one hundred and six. ty acres of valuable land in Logan county, which he rents. He is a member of Samuel Walker Post. Xo. 205, C. A. R.. of which he has served as commander for the past live years. In his ])()litical views he is a stal- wart Re])ublican and though he h;is never sought or desired ])ublic office he has al- wavs faith fully ])erfornief law at Lincoln. Colonel W'yatt has been twice married. In September. 1844. at Carrollton. Greene county, Illinois, he wedded Miss Anna Jo- sephine Blackshaw. a niece of Governor Thomas Carlin. and to them were Ijorn four children: Lammie E.. wife of John Ed- monds, a resident of Lincoln : William, who died in childli.x.d : .\nna B.. deceased: and 338 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. jNIary, wife of John C. Mathews, of the law firm of Shope, Mathews & Mjller, of Chica- go. The mother of these children died Jan- uary i8, 1893, and on the 22nd of Novem- ber, 1899, Colonel \\ yatt married Miss Liz- zie F. Morris, a native of Pennsylvania. In politics Colonel Wyatt is a stanch Democrat. He served as president of the Illinois Christian Temperance L'nion from 1879 until 1 88 1, and is nt)W the chief coun- sellor of the branch council of the Royal Templars of Temperance, at Lincoln, Illi- nois. Colonel Wyatt is well and favorably known by the people of central Illinois and has now the distinction of being the oldest member of the Logan ci iunt_\- Ijar now in act- ive practice. REV. FREDERICK W. SCHXAT- HORST. Rev. Frederick W. Schnathorst, pastor of St. John's Evangelical church of Lincoln, is a native of ^^'isconsin, his birth having occurred in Sheboygan, April 7, i860. His l)arents. C. F. and Caroline (Huck) Schnat- horst, were natives of Prussia, Germany, and emigrated to America in 1857. Land- ing in New York City, they proceeded at once to Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and in that state the father followed farming for sev- eral years. He came to Lincoln, Illinois, a short time before his death, and died here in December, 1900. His home at that time Avas in Newton, Iowa, where liis widow still resides. After attending the public schools for some years ]\Ir. Schnathorst, of this review, took a four years' course at Elmhurst Col- lege, in Elmhurst. Du Page county, Illinois, and was graduated at that institution in June, 1883. He then entered the Eden Theological Seminary, at St. Louis, Mis- souri, and on his graduation, in June, 1886, was ordained a minister of the Evangelical church by Professors Haberle, Becker and Kunzman, all of St. Louis. He then took charge of St. Peter's church at Grant Park, Illinois, where he remained four years. He was ne.xt called to Emanuel church, near Elgin, and had charge of that congregation for seven years. In Xiay. 1897, he assumed the pastorate of St. John's church, of Lin- coln, and under his ministry the congrega- tion has increased to two hundred families. The church here is a substantial brick edi- fice, having a seating capacity of five hun- dred. In 1894 Mr. Schnathorst founded the Orphans' Home at Bensonville, Du Page count}-, and helped carry the work on to completiou at a cost of twenty-three thou- sand dollars. At first he took the responsi- bility of raising the money, but after demonstrating the feasibility of the project, the assistance of all of the churches of his denomination in northern Illinois was re- ceived. In this institution seventy-five chil- dren are now cared for, besides sex'enteen old people, who are given church, home and school privileges. As founder of the Deaconess Hospital in Lincoln, Mr. Schnathorst has perhaps reared the most \-isible and lasting monu- ment ti> his name. Its inception was brought about in a peculiar manner. In the autumn of iSgS many families of this city were stricken with typhoid fever, so many, in fact, that help or nurses could not_be ob- tained in this locality. Going to St. Louis, yir. Schnathorst secured a number of dea- conesses to come and care for his sick. So favorable an impression did they make that the question was raised. Why cannot we THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 339 have an order of the kind here? Our sub- ject presented tliis tliought t(j his congre- gation and tlie plan was faxorably received. He also had men more conversant witli the features and cost of such an enterprise to come to Lincoln and atldress his congrega- tion. As a result a stKiety was eventually formed, a charter for a hospital was ob- tained at Springfield, and Uv. Schnathorst commenced raising funds for the erection of the necessary building. After deciding on the plans it was estimated that the cost would be about twenty-two thousand dol- lars, which money he succeeded in raising, but by the time the structure was completed and furnished ready for use it cost alx)ut thirty-five thousand dollars, which amount has to be partly raised by him. This hos- pital is open to all: is well equipped for all surgical and medical cases, and is in charge of a competent sister superior, aided by a good corjjs of deac(inesses and the house committee. It contains all that can be de- sired for the care of the sick in the most modern and approved manner, and is one of the best hospitals in any city the size of Lincoln throughout the United States. For 'Sir. Schnathorst to have accomplished such an undertaking as this may well be consid- ered a good life work. On the 30th of June. 1886, he was united in marriage with Miss Lottie Bergman, of Xewton, Iowa, a daughter of William and Louisa (Flamkamp) Bergman, who were both natives of Prussia, Germany. By this union have been born one son and fi\-e daughters, namely: Louise, Selma, Lena, Fred H., Lottie and Corinne. Mr. Schnathorst is revered and loved by his own congregation, and has also won the honor and esteem of all others who have seen his devotion to his noble calling. Broad in his views and symi)athies, a friend of the poor and ojjpressed, ever ready with helpful counsel for the perplexed or sorrow- ful, he has a wide field for labor, and well does he discharge its arduous and sacred duties. JAMES EVERETT JEWETT. .\mong the most prominent and influ- ential citizens of Lincoln is numbered James Everett Jewett, the jjrescnt grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of the Domain of Illinois. A native of the old Pine Tree state, he was born in Belfast, Maine, January 13, 1844, and is a son of Parker and Mary (Cochran) Jewett, the former born in Vermont, the latter in East Boston, Massachusetts, of Irish parentage. Bv trade the father was a coojier, but his later vears were devoted to farming. He was a stevedore on ships in early life, and was well known in the east. On coming, west, in 1856, he located in Livingston coun- ty, Illinois, where he made his home until called to his final rest, at the age of eighty- nine vears. Having met with success in life and l)ecoming cpiite welbto-do, he was able to spend his last days in ease and re- tn-ement from active labor. He was a large, robust man and enjoyed excellent health. His wife died in Illinois, at the age of seventv-six. In their family were seven children, five sons .-iiid two daughters, of whom our subject is fourth in order of birth. He had two brothers who were in the Civil war, John P. having served as cmnniissary sergeant of the Thirty-seventh Fremont Rifles: and Ralph P.. as brigade blacksmith in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry. The latter was in the Pinkerton detective service eleven years, and died at r^litchell. South Dakota, about THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1890. Our subject has one sister living, Emily A., wife of George T. Faucett, of Panora, Iowa. I\Ir. Jewett began his education in tlie public schools of !\Iaine, and after the re- movci,! of the family to llhnois attended Eureka College, at Eureka, Wdodford county. \\'hen an undergraduate he left that institution and commenced teaching, being [jrincipal of a high school in McLean county nine years. During the latter part of that time he read law with J. H. Rowell and J. :\[. Hamilton, and was admitted to the bar January 8, 1878. He l>egan prac- tice at Chenoa, Illinois, and soon became in- terested in politics. In 1877 he was first assistant clerk in the house of representa- tives, antl for six years was connected with the Lhiited States revenue ser\ice. with headquarters at Pekin. Although he was ncit educated for the ministry, Mr. Jewett took up Bible study, and for some years engaged in preaching. From 1885 until 1888 he had charge of evangelist work in McLean county as county evangelist, and in 1888 and 1889 was pas- tor (if ihc Christian church at Farmer City; the f. Davis. In 1876 he came to Lincoln and opened an office, being actively engaged in practice in this city ever since. His skill and ability have won for him a liberal pat- ronage, and he is recognized as one of the most competent dentists of the place. Dr. Collins was one of the principal or- ganizers of the Mutual and Logan County Telephone Companies, which are now in successful operation, and which have reduced the cost to the patrons one-half of that paid to the Bell Company. Their telephone lines now connect Lincoln with many of the neighlx)ring towns and are of great conven- ience to the farmers of Logan county. He also organized the ^h. Pulaski Telephone Company and owns considerable of its stock. He has a nice home in Lincoln on one of its principal resident streets, and there hospital- ity reigns supreme, the family having a large circle of friends and acquaintances who are always sure of a hearty welcome within its doors. In 1 88 1 Dr. Collins was united in mar- riage with ]\Iiss Leila Burgess, of Mt. Perry. Perry county, Ohio, a daughter of Edward and Mary A. (Peyton) Burgess. They have one daughter, Marguerite, who is now a student in the Lincoln High School. HEXRY B. BROWX. M. D. Dr. Henry B. Brown is a skilled physi- cian and surgeon of Lincoln, Illinois, whose knowledge of the science of medicine is broad and comprehensive, and whose ability in applying its principles to the needs of suffering humanity has gained him an en- viable prestige in professional circles. A na- tive of Kentucky, he was born in Hodgens- ville, December 6, 1851, and is a son of Pat- rick and Louisa (Enlows) Brown. His fa- ther was born in \'irginia in 1800, of Scotch- Irish ancestry, while the mother was burse of lectures at the St. Louis ^ledical College, where he was graduated in 1876, and later spent one year in the city hospital there, sup- plementing the knowledge he had previously acquired by a course of practical training. In 1877 he came to Lincoln, where he has since engaged in general practice with marked success. The Doctor was married in 18S3 to Miss Leila Wilbur, a daughter of Dr. C. T. WU- bur, superintendent of the state asylum for feeble-minded children at Lincoln. She died in 1895. leaving one son, Charles Hodgen. who is now attending Lake Forest Univer- sity. In 1897 Dr. Brown was again mar- ried, his second union being with Miss Mary Davison, of Lincoln, by whom he has one child, !Mary Finley. The Doctor is a prominent Knight Templar Mason, a member of Constan- tine Commandery. Xo. 51, and fraternally he belongs to the State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and the Brainard District Medical Society. He is surgeon for the Illinois Central Railroad, and is recognized as one of the leading phy- 344 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sicians of this section of the state, standing higli in the profession, especially in surgery. His practice is therefore extensive and lu- crative, and he is one of the staff of St. Clara's Hospital. He is a director of Lincoln National Bank, also a trustee of Lincoln College, and a member of the Baptist church, of which he is one of the trustees. W. C. R. KAESEBIER W. C. R. Kaesebier, a prominent farmer and representative citizen of Prairie Creek township, resides on section 14 where he owns one hundred and twenty acres of rich farming land. He has lived in Logan coun- tv since i860. He was born in Germany on July 9, 1829, and is a son of Frederick and Louisa Kaesebier, who always lived in their native land where the father was a laborer, and where he died. Two of their children came lo America, namely : Charles and our subject. Charles was a wagonmaker of Lin- coln, this county, and died there in 1889, having become well known and highly re- spected in that community. Our subject settled in West Lincoln township and worked out on farms until he was married, in 1863, to Aliss ]Mary Schaup, a daughter of John Schaup, who was a laborer and died in Lincoln where the re- mainder of his family still reside. ;\Ir. and :\Irs. Kaesebier have had fourteen children, as follows : Charles, who married ]Miss Maggie Hardin and lives in Sheridan town- ship; William, who married Catherine Healy and lives in Emden village, this county; August, who lives in Orvil township and married Emma Cross: Annie, wife of ^^'ill- liam John Cross, of Orvil township; Ru- dolph, who married Catherine Klokkenga and lives in Orvil township; Warren, at home; ]\Iatilda, who married Dick Onkes, of Orvil township; Adolph, [Mary, Lottie and Ida, all fcau' at home, and three who died in infancy. After his marriage !Mr. Kaesebier pur- chased a farm in West Lincoln township, where he resided six years, and then moved to Orvil township. Three years later he located on his present farm and carries on general farming most successfully. Polit- ically he is a Democrat and for several years has served as school director of the town- ship, but while he always supports the can- didates of his party on national affairs, in local issues he ^■otes for the best man. Both he and his excellent wife are members of the Lutheran church of Emden and arc very highly respected both in the church and throughout the community in which they reside and where their many excellent quali- ties are well known. THOMAS M. HARRIS. Among the practitioners of law at the Logan county bar stands Thomas ^l. Har- ris, of Lincoln. He is a young man of strong purpose and laudable ambition, of unfaltering energy and forceful intellectu- ality, and already he has won distinction that many an older practitioner might well envv. He was born in Macoupin county. Illinois, October 21, 1865, and is a son of John L. and Susanna (Lake) Harris. The Harris family is of ^^'elsh lineage, while the maternal ancestry of our subject is Scotch, although the Lake family was founded in A'irginia at a very early day. The grandfather, Thomas L. Harris, was born in the Old Dominon and married a T. M. HARRIS. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD. 347 Airs. Elizabeth Forman. They removed to Ilhnois ill 183(1. ''"'' '""^ death occurred in Macoupin county, this state, when lie had attained the advanced ' age of ninety-two years. His son. John L. Harris, was born in Kentucky, and after arriving at years of maturity married Susanna Lake, a nati\e of Sangamon county, Illinois, and a daugh- ter of Thoiuas antl Harriet (Dillon) Lake, uho renioxetl from \"irginia to Illinois in 1833 and took up their al>ode in Sangamon county. Thomas M. Harris pursuetl his educa- tion in the schools of Bedford. Iowa, whither his parents removed in his youth. and after completing his literary course he engaged in teaching for three years, but, de- termining to make the i)i-actice of law his life work, he became a student in the otrice and under the direction of the law firm of Blinn 6c Hoblit, of Lincoln. In 1893 he was admitted to the bar, and for two years thereafter was in the employ of E. D. Blinn, with whom he formed a partnership in 1895. the firm of Blinn & Harris now taking front ra;ik at the bar of Logan county. Mr. Har- ris is a young man of much natural ability, and this is supplemented by industry, — without which there is no success. His devotion to his clients' interests is proverb- ial, and he prepares his cases with great thoroughness, so that he enters the court- room well equipped for the mental contest. He is a close and earnest student, and his knowledge of the law is comprehensixe ami exact. In October, 1895, Mr. Harris was united in marriage to Miss Belle Johnston. a daughter of William and Margaret (Ir- ^•ine) Johnston, both of wliom were nati\es of Scotland and came fnun Canada to the United States. Tuo children grace the marriage of our subject aiul his wife, — Homer B. and Dean J. The jiarent.-. have a very wide circle of friends and acquaint- ances, and the hospitalities of the best lioiues are extended to them. Socially Mr. Harris is well known, being a prominent Mason, holding membership in Logan Lodge, Xo. _'io, A. F. & A. M.; Lincoln Chapter, Xo. 147. R. .\. A!.: and Constantine Conimand- cry, Xo. 51, K. T. He is also a Xoble of the Alystic Shrine, belonging to -Mohammed Temple, at Peoria. A prominent Repub- lican, he is a man of influence in the coun- cils of his party, and has labored effectively for its success. From 1894 until 1896 he was chairman of the Republican county central committee, and during that period the ]Kirty carried the count}" at the elections held. He is a member of the Re])ublican state committee for the se\enteenth district, and is untiring in his efforts to secure the adoption of Republican principles, believing them best calculated to advance the welfare of state and nation. His attention, how- e\er, is chiefi_\- devoted to his profession, and his ra])id achancement is unmistakable proof of his ability. WILLIA.M RUPP. The ability of a man to rise abo\e the ranks of the commonplace and attain promi- nence in the business world presupposes a strength above the average, a stability of character that will endure all discourage- ment and disap])ointment and in tlie end triumph over every impediment that ob- structs the |)atliway to success. Such quali- ties have been m;iiiil'est in the career of Mr. Rupp, who st;u-ted out in life empty-handed. 348 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. but is n(.)\v one of tlie large land-owners and jjrospenius hankers of Logan county. He makes his liome in Mount l^ilaski. having remo\ed to this cit}- on retiring from the farm. Mr. Riipp was born in the village of Diegelsberg', in the Kingdom of Wurt- emberg, Germany, IMarch 6, 1838, a son of George and Catherine (Boet- zel ) Rupp. who were also natives of the same country. In 185 1 they left the Fatherland, and with their family sailed from Havre, reaching New York after a \"oyage of twenty-one da}'s. They then pro- ceeded wesj:ward to Bufifalo anil In- way of Naples, Illinois, to Springfield, and later to Logan county. When they arrived here the combined cash capital of the family would :not ha\-e amounted to forty dollars. For three years the family resided upon the farm owned In- Theodore Lorenz, and then the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres near Latham. This was new land, wild and unirnproved, but the labors of the father and his sons soon transformed it into a valuable and producti\-e tract. Their resi- dence, there erected, was the first brick house in the neighborhood. P\ir many years the father successfully carried on agricul- tural pursuits and in his later years was en- abled to enjoy all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. His wife died on the old homestead in 1886 and he survived her three years, dying in 1889. They were de- \-out members of the Lutheran church and earnest, consistent Christian people. The mother was a widow, Mrs. ^^'eller, at the time of her marriage to George Rupp. She had four children by her first marriage, namely; John, who died in Iowa; Martin, deceased ; George, one of the leading farmers of Logan county ; and Margaret, widow of George Brooker. To Mr. and Mrs. Rupp were born three sons : Christian, who died in infancy: and William and Christian, of Mt. Pulaski. William Rupp began his education in the schools of his native land and after com- ing with his parents to the new world he continued his studies in the primitive schools of Logan county. liis training at farm work was not meager, for he soon I)ecame familiar with the use of all farm impleiuents and continued to assist in the cultivation of the old homestead until twen- ty-two years of age, when he married, the lady of his choice being Barbara Stoll, of Logan county. She was born in CJermany and canie to .\merica when eight years of age in companv with her father, Ehrhardt Stoll. After his marriage INlr. Rup]) began farming on his own account on the old fam- ily homestead of one hundred and sixty acres, which he now owns. Later he pur- chased two hundred and eighty acres in Mt. Pula.ski, and at different times bought other tracts of eighty acres, of three hundred and sixty acres and the farm near Latham of three hundred and twenty acres, making in all six lumdred and eighty acres of land. This is now very \-aluable and the rental from his farm property brings him a \er_\- desirable income. He engageci in the raising of wheat and corn and also made a specialty (jf the breeding of fine hogs, having some thoroughbred males. His farming interests were carried on in- dustriously and his labors resulted in bring- ing to him }ear by )-ear a handsome in- come, which in part was laid by for future u,se, so that he is now the possessor of a handsome competence. He lived upon the Mt. Pulaski farm for twelve years and then removed to Mt. Pulaski, renting his land. Here he purchased, in 1893, an interest in 'HE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 349 the Eirst Xational Bank, of wliicli he is now one of the leading stockholders and a di- rector. Mr. Ru])p was one of the charter mem- bers of the Mutual Farmers Insurance Com- pany of Logan county, of which he has been a director for twelve years, and takes an ac- tive part in its affairs and has done much to bring tlie success the company now en- joys. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Rupp ha\e been born three sons and seven daughters: Charles, who is living on the home farm ; \\"illiam, a banker of Benton Harbor, Michigan ; George, who is teller in the Eirst Xational Bank of ^Mount Pulaski; Sarah, the wife of George Lachenmeyer, an extensive farmer of Logan county: Pauline, at home; Carrie and Lillie. biect, and cashier, C. \V. Binns. Until his twentieth year the career of Landrum Burchett was uneventful, and not dilTerent from that experienced by the aver- age farm reared boy. He was born in Ken- tucky, in January, 1844. and in his early da}-s had unusually good educational op- ]iortunities. His father, William J. Burch- ett, was born in Kentuck\-. and was reared and educated in his nati\e state. Upon at- taining his majority he engaged in farming on a large scale, and continued this occupa- tion with success until his death in 1899. His wife, Emily (Anxier) Burchett, still survives him. She is of French descent, and is the mother of nine children, three of whom are now li\-ing. The beginning of the Ci\-il wav naturally opened a vista of usefulness and adventure to Landrum Burchett, and in the early part of 1862 he enlisted in Company A, Thirt\-- ninth Kentucky Volunteer Infantr_\-, and served with courage and distinction until September, 1865. .\fter the cessation of hostilities he located in [Mason county, Bli- nois, where he was employed as a clerk in a general merchandise store, and there gained an excellent knowledge of business, manag- ing at the same time to save considerable mone\-. In May, 1875, he formed a part- nership with G. M. Laford, in the general merchandise business at New Holland, and continued the same until the business was destroyed In- fire in 1885. Xothing daunted, he immediately started up an even larger enterprise, taking as his partner his son. Oscar, with whom he has since amicably continued to manage his large and growing enterprise. To his contemporaries in the business and social world I\Ir. Bnrcliett is not only a model financier and sountl busi- ness man, but he re])resents the all around enterprise of Xew Holland, and is foremost in promoting her interests in whatever direc- tion. .Vs a stanch and uncompromising ad- herent of the Rei)ublican party he has al- ways taken a deep interest in the party, but THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. has never had the time nor inclination to liohl ..r .-eek office. Mrs. Burchclt was formerly Harriet \'an Bibber, daughter of Cyrus Wan Bibl)er, a southerner l)y birth, claiming- \'irginia as his natal state, and a farmer by ocupation. ilrs. Burchett. who was born ]-'ebruary 21. i><-r\, is the mother of one child, Oscar. HIRAM LIA\1S COSBY. M. D. Dr. Hiram Lewis Co.sby is one of the best read and most successful physicians and surgeons of Lincoln, and althougli com- paratively a young man has already won an enviable jxisition in the ranks of his profes- sional brethren. He is a native of Logan county, born on a farm in Broadwell town- ship, October 27, 1865, and is a son ot Nathaniel and Eliza J. (Foster) Cosby. His father, who was a farmer by occupa- tion, was born in Richmond, \'irginia. in 1813, and belonged to a good old Virginia family. The Doctor's great-grandfather came to this country from Scotland at an early day and settled in the Old Dominion. In 1845 Nathaniel Cosby came to Logan county, Illinois, and here he was united in marriage with ]Miss Eliza J. Foster, who was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1826. and was only four years old when brought to this state by her f;ither. Washington Foster, one of the pioneers of Logan county. The primary education of our subject was obtained in the district schools near his boyhood home, and was supplemented by a course at Lake Forest University at Lake Forest. Illinois, where he was a student for some time. He then commenced the stuily of medicine with Dr. II. 11. lirown. of Lin- coln, and later attended Rush Medical Col- lege. Chicago, where he was graduated in 1889 at the head of his class. He opened an office in Lincoln in August of that _\ear, and has since engaged in practice at this place with most excellent success. Cioing to Eurtipe in 1892, he took a special course in surgery in the hospitals of Vienna. Hei- delburg. Paris and London, remaining abroad three years. On his return to Amer- ica he resumed practice in Lincoln, and is today one of the leading practitioners of the ])lace. his patronage being cpiite extensive. He is a close and thorough student, a man of deep research, and his investigations into the science of medicine and his skillful ap- plication of the knowledge he has thereby accpiired has won him a place in the fore- most ranks of the medical profession. He is a member of the Brainard District Medi- cal Society. In 1891 Dr. Cosby married Miss Mary Barrett, of Lincoln, a daughter of M. W". Barrett, one of the prominent citizens of this place. She was educated in the schools of Lincoln and Boston. Massachusetts. The Doctor and bis wife have one son. Mark Barrett Cosbw LEONARD K. SCROGCIN. More than three-score years and ten have passed since Leonard K. Scroggin became a resident of Logan county, and he is justly numbered among her honored pioneers and leading citizens. He has been prominently identified with her business interests as a farmer and banker. His is an honorable record of a conscienti(~>us man who by his upright life has won the confidence of all with whom he has come in contact. Through more than four score vears lu" has traveled 352 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. life's journey, but although the snows of many winters have fallen upon him he has the vigor of a much younger man and in spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. His is an active old age, and his has been an acti\e life. He is to-day numbered among the most prosperous men of central Illinois, a position to which he has attained entirely through his own efforts and as the result of untiring energy, enterprise and determina- tion. Leonard K. Scroggin was l)orn in Gal- latin comity. Illinois, January 25. i8iy. and is descended from prominent old southern families. His paternal grandfather, Hum- phrey Scroggin, was a native of North Carolina and married ]\Iiss Sarah Kirby, of Virginia. At the age of seventeen he offered his services to the Continental Army and fought throughout the struggle for inde- pendence, being present when Lord Corn- wallis surrendered the British troops to Gen- eral A\'ashington at Yorktown, and thus practically ended the war and proclaimed the liberty of the colonists. Carter T. Scrog- gin, the father of our subject, was born in Kentucky, but in territorial days in Illinois, he came with his people to that common- wealth, locating in Gallatin county, where he met and married Phebe Shelby, a native of North Carolina, whence she removed with her parents to Tennessee and thence to Pope county, Illinois. Her father. Jacob Shelby, married Miss Easter, and the great- grandfather was a native of ^^"ales. When Carter T. Scroggin came with his parents to this state in 181 1. they lived in a little log cal)in. sixteen by eighteen feet, and there endured all the hardships and privations of pioneer life. In 1827, having married in the meantime, he brouglit his family to Logan covmty, settling four miles south of Blount Pulaski, where he estab- lished his home, living in an unhewn log house with puncheon floor that stood near the timber skirting Lake Fork. He purchased his land from the government and at once began the development of a farm which he improved as the years passed, making it a valuable property. As his financial re- sources increased he also added to his prop- erty until at the time of his death he was the owner of six hundred acres of valuable land. The family went through the usual experi- ences of pioneer life, when comforts and conxeniences were hard tn obtain owjng to the remoteness from towns and the lack of transportation facilities. In the winter of 1 830-3 1 occurred what has since been known in history as the "deep snow," during which time the family lived on corn meal pounded in a wooden mortar and never tasting wheat bread from November until the following spring. ]Mr. Scroggin died in 1859, leaving a valuable farm and other property to his ten children. The members of the family were Mary A.. Russell Shelby. Humphrey, Esther J., Sarah E., Pleasant ]M., Carter T., Thomas J., Ellen and Leonard K. The last named was a little latl of only eight summers when brought Ijy his family to Logan county and amid the wild scenes of the frontier he was reared. He pursued his education in a log school house during three months in the yeai" and throughout the remainder of the time performed such work on the fann as his age and strength would permit, at length becoming able to do a man"s work in the fields. After his mar- riage he began farming on his own account on forty acres of his own entering, also hav- ing entered forty acres of timber land. There he resided for eleven years, in the meantime extending the boundaries of the jilace until it comprised one hundred and twenty acres. He f(_)llowed general farming and also raised THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 355 cattle, horses, slieep and hogs. Success at- tended his well directed efforts and as the years i)assed he made judicious investments in land until he is n>>\\ the owner ui five thousand acres in Logan county alone. His landed possessions elsewhere aggregate twenty thousand acres, including land in Xe- hraska and Missouri and ten thousand acres of Minnesota land, which he has purchased within the last eighteen months. He is a man of keen husiness sagacity, his judgment rarely if ever at fault, and this quality lias enahled him to so place his money in farm- ing property that he is reaping a good finan- cial return therefrom continually. In May. 1872. Mr. Scroggin organized the Farmers Bank, and in the business associated his son with him. The institution has been a pay- ing one from the beginning. The reliability of the owner and their safe business methods have made it one of the solid financial insti- tutions of the county and its patronage has reached extensive proportions. In early manhood Leonard K. Scroggin was united in marriage to ^Miss Lavinia Buckles, a daughter of Robert Buckles. She was born in Logan county in i8j6 and the marriage was celebrated in 1841. Mrs. Scroggin was called to her final rest Jan- uarv 16. 1863. The ten children, three sons and seven daughters, born of this mhon all grew to mature years, namely : Alfred C. : Mary and Elsie, now deceased; Angeline; Phoebe Ann; Sarah; Leonard; Susan and Benjamin F. and Evaline. deceased wife of George \'eal. After the death of his first wife ^Ir. Scroggin was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Rhoda A. I'ickering. the widow of Thomas Pickering and the daughter of George Girtman, form- erlv of Missouri, whence he remo\eer of the United Brethren church, while his wife belongs to the Christian church, and l)oth are very worthy people. He has iihvays been a Repuljlican and supports the candidates of that party. Mr. Se.xton is justly proud of his record as a soldier, for he fought bravely for his country. He was a member of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment of Illi- nois \'olunteer Infantry, was nuistered in at Springfield, and ser\ed for three years. Among the battles in which he jiarticipated were those of Vicksburg. Champion Hill. Tackson. Mississippi, tiermantown. and man\- others. During all these engagements "Air. Sexton was never wounded or cap- tured, although he was always in the thick- est of the fight. At the close of the war he was honoral)l_\- discharged at Spring- field and returned home to his more peace- ful duties. Although he only received a common school education, he is well in- formed on current topics and occupies a well recognized place among the substantial men of Chester township, where he has re- sided for so manv vears. WILLIAAl N. AIOUXTjOY. The subject of this jjerscuial history is one of the leading agriculturists of Emi- nence township, and belongs to one of its pn.>nunent old families, being a son of Will- iam and Sina A'. (Thompson) Alountjoy. The father was born in Kentucky. June _'(.), 1822. and in 1834 came to Logan county, and settled on section ,:;5. Eminence town- ship, where he lived for many years. The greater part of his life was devoted to farm- ing, though at one time he was engaged in the mercantile business at Armington, Tazewell countv, but was only interested there for about two years. He controlled considerable properly, having met with ex- cellent success in his undertakings, enabling him to ac(|uire a large estate. He was a uell-read man and a most capable financier. His death occurred April 9, 1894, and the mother of i>ur subject passed away Septem- ber _'(), iS()0, at the age of thirty-eight vears. The father was again married, his second union being with Miss bdvina Thomijson. Of the eight cliildren born of the first uiuou se\en still sm-\i\e. I'>y the second marriage there was one child that Q-rcw to maturitv. 1'.. L. Alountjoy, a sketch THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 357 of whom will be found on another page of this work. William .\. Mduntjuy, of this review, was born in Eminence towiship. on the i ith of March, 1850, and received a good, prac- tical education in the district school. On starting out in life for himself, at the age of twenty-one, he chose the occupation to which he had been reared — that of farming, — and for four years operated a farm on section 2, Eminence township. He then removed to Mt. Hope township, }^IcLean county, where he made his home until his re- moval to his present farm in 1889. This place consists of two hundred and forty acres of rich and arable lantl on 'sections 13 antl 14. Eminence township, and is one of the best cultivated and most desiralile farms of its size in the locality. In 1871 Mr. [Nbjuntjoy led to the mar- riage altar Miss Martha C. Stroud, a daugh- ter of Laban Stroud, one of Tazewell county's most progressive citizens, and a representative of an old family. ^Irs. ;Mountjoy, who was born October 16, 1850, is a descendant of one Peter Stroud, her great-great-grandfather, who was a native of Xorth Carolina. He married, and one of his children, Jesse, became the great- grandfather of Mrs. ]Mountjoy. The latter's son, Thomas Stroud, married Sally Thomp- son in 1812, the marriage ceremony being performed in Tennessee. .\ large family was the result of this union, one of whom was Laban, the father of Mrs. [Mountjoy. He came to Illinois with his parents in 1830, at the age of twelve years, and settled in what is now Eminence township. Logan county, wliere they lived until death called them to their final rest. Laban Stroud, on leaving home, took up his residence in Tazewell county, where he lived until about twelve years ago, when he moved to Liv- ingston county and tijok up his residence in Pontiac, where he is n^iw living a retired life. He has met with success in his under- takings and is able t.) lay aside the more active duties ni life and enjoy the fruits of former toil. As a result of the union of William Muuntjoy and }klartha C. Stroud, the follow- ing children have been born: Lorain M.. born October 8, 1873; Leslie E., June 16. 1875: Lena M., February 2^. 1877; Edna B.. January 4, 1879; Bessie S., Sep- tember 10. 1880; Henry D., May 13, 1883; and Harry X., August 28, 18S7. Lena M.. the only child that is married, is now the wife of Frank Goodman. The family all hold membership in the Christian church, and Mr. Mount joy is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He uses his right of franchise in supjiort of the men and measures of the Re- publican party, and for seven years he effici- ently served as road commissioner in his township. He takes an active interest in promoting the welfare of his township and county, encouraging and financially aiding all enterprises tending to benefit the public, and enjoys in a high degree the confidence and esteem of his fellow men. JAMES B. FOLEY. One of the most progressive and ener- getic farmers of .Atlanta township is James B. Foley, who is living on section i. He is one of Logan county's native sons and a representative of one of her old and hi>n- ()reneers and valued citi;-;ens — a man wluise labors had been ni benefit in the upbuilding- of the county and who througbnut life was hunnred for his fidelity to high i)rincii)les. The mother ni our subject died in the village of [Macki- naw, Tazewell county, in 1833. She was the first wife of Daniel Judy, whr, was tln-ee times married. r)ur subject was their nnly child. The second wife bure the maiden name ni Elizabeth l-".wing. and after her death Mr. Judy wed Cali- fornia. Init after reniaining uiion the I ':i- cific coast fcr a year he returned U> lllinnis. settling in .\tlanta, where be carried mi general merchandising- for 1 ne \ear. He was tliere married in 1853. and for a short time continued to condnct his store. but soon removed to a farm at Boyntou. Tazewell couiit\-, which be had inherited from his father. His family resitled there, while he devoted much of his time to preaching- the gospel as a minister of the I'hristian church, lie ser\ed his denomi- nation :u iSoynic 11 and in other places of Tazewell and Logan counties, and also did evangelical work throughout Illinois and Missouri for a period of thirty years. His intluence was of no restricted order, and the growth of the church was largely promoted through his untiring efforts in behalf of Christianity as taught by the early disciples. In 1892 he took up his abode in Emden. where he has since lived, and, aside from his duties as justice of the peace and police magistrate, he is still (juite actively engaged in church work. He has a nice office, lo- cated on Alain street, and in administering li'e law is strictly fair and impartial, Ijeing Ijiased by neither fear nor favor. He still owns a farm of eighty acres in Tazewell county, and the rental from this materially^ increases his income. He also owns most of the block where his beautiful residence is located, in the northwest part of the village of Emden. known as ]\Ialone additiiMi. and is regarded as a leading and infiuential citizen of the town. In 1855 ]\Ir. Judy was united in the holy bonds of matrimon}- to Miss [Mary E. Campbell, of Kentucky, a daughter of G. r.. and :\lary (Watson) Campliell, both of whom were natives of Kentuck_\-, whence tliey removed westward in an e;irl_\- (la_\-. locating on a f;u-ni near .\tl;uita', where they re- sides on section 34, East Lincnln tdwnship. On coming to the township in 18(17 'it- '"- cated on a tract of government land which his father had previously Ixiught at erne dul- lar and a quarter per acre. A native rn in this country. Germany being the birthplace of the others. Martin Judy, the grandfather of our subject, was also a na- tive of Germany and a farmer by occupa- tion. Our subject's father also made farm- ing his life work. In his family were twelve children, of whom si.x are still liv- ing, namely : Xancy, Betsey, Martin, John, Jacob and W'inepart. Jacob Judy, of this review, passed his boyhood and youth on his father's fami in the Buckeye state and received his educa- tion in the subscription schools of those early days. At the age of twenty he came to Illinois, and located in Tazewell county. Avhere he made his home until 1S62, when he removed to Logan county. He followed farming quite successfully until extreme old age comi)elled his retirement, and he is now sjiending his declining years in the city of .\tlanta in the companionship of his estim- able wife and family, as well as a host of friends. Besides his farm property he owns many lots in that place. Mr. Judy has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Mary A. Musick, a daughter of Robert Musick. who was a farmer of Logan county in }-ears gone by, and to them were born ele\en children, namely: Sallie. deceased: Xancy Jane; Robert; Eliza: Lucinda; Henry; John, de- ceased; Annie; Hettie, deceased; Marv, de- ceased; and Mattie. This marriage was celebrated April 3. 1829, in Sugar Creek. and proved a happy union. INIrs. Judv died on the 9th of December. 1885. For over half a century she was a consistent and faith- ful member of the Christian church, having united with the same the year of her mar- riage. Mr. Judy was again married, in 1887, to Mrs. Mary A. ( Bruner) Hawes. a daughter of David and Xancy (Hauser) Bruner, of Kentucky. Henry Judy, son of our subject, was a soldier of the Civil war. In "politics Mr. Judy is now a Republi- can. He cast his first presidential ballot for John Ouincy Adams, and has voted at twenty presidential elections. On the or- ganization of the Old Settlers' Association he had the honor of being chosen president, and held that office until advancing years necessitated his retirement. Few men in Illinois, if not in the L'nited States, have the distinction, as he has. of being one of five living generations and the honor of being the grandfather of one hundred and seventeen grandchildren and great-grand- children. He and his family are identified with the. Christian church, and he is one of 370 THE BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. the most conscientious and reliable citizens of Logan county. He has always had the respect and entire conlidence of aU with whom he has been brought in contact, either in Inisiness or social life, and no man of the community is held in higher regard. At the age of ninety-six he had the misfortune to lose his sight in a surgical operation while removing a cataract from his eye. He can relate many interesting rcnnniscences of early day,s in this locality, and on her mil of honored pioneers his name sh<_iuld be among the foremost. JOHN F. JECKEL. Among the jjrosperous farmers of Or- vil township, Logan county. lUinois. is John F. Jeckel. who resides on section ,;;;, and has lived in this county for the past twelve years. He was born in Brown county, Ohio, De- cember 3, 1862, and is a son of Peter and Johanna (Lobengaener) Jeckel, both na- tives of Germany. The mother was born in 1S36 and came to America at the age of sixteen. The father came to this country in 1832 and settled in Brown county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming for several vears. He then mox'ed to Pendleton coun- l\-, Kentucky, and purchased a farm, where they both now reside.. The father is now seventv-five years of age and on account of his advanced age he has retireil from acti\-e business life and rents all his i)ro])erty. The parents of our subject had h\-e children, namely: Barbara, wife of A'alentine Schaufenberger, of Pendleton county. Ken- tucky; John F. : Annie, wife of Peter Cash- l)aum, of Cincinnati. Ohio; ( icorge. a farm- er, of Tazewell coun.ty. Illinois, and Mary, who died at the age of twentv-two. All were well educated in the common schools of the localities in which they lived during child- hood. After being educated our subject came west and settled in Tazewell county, Illinois. I^)eing in poor circumstances, he A\(>rked ujxju various farms as a laborer, but sa\ed all his money, and 1889 removed to Logan county, Illinois, where he settled upon his present farm in Orvil township, known as the old Betzelberger place, consisting of eighty acres on section 33. He also owns forty acres adjoining, wdiich lie over the county Ime in Tazewell county. On his property Mr. Jeckel carries on general farm- ing, and has been very successful, his wide knowledge of all the details of his calling proving of great value in the management of his interests. .\ comfortable and mod- ern residence shelters his pleasant family. The barn and other outbuildings are com- modious. All of the fences are in most ex- cellent condition and all modern appliances and machinery are used in the conduct of the farming operations. Such excellent meth- ods cannot help but result in success, and ^Ir. Jeckel is rewarded for his years of hard labor by now being the possessor of one of the mo.st fertile and well-cultivated farms in Logan county. On July. 28, 1901, his barn was struck by lightning and entirely, destroyed, together with its contents and a Iw-o-thousand dollar Percheron stallion, the loss being about four th(_)usand six hundred dollars. On January i, 1889, ^Mr. Jeckel was married to Miss Elizabeth Betzelberger. a nati\-e of Logan county, born in 1864. and a daughter of Godfrey and Mary Betzel- berger. Mr. and Mrs. Betzelberger were early settlers in this county, and located upon the farm where Harm Klokkenga now resides. Here they i)assed the remainder oi THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 371 their lives, the father dying September 23. 1887. and the mother January 4. 1888. The wife of our subject died on April 25. 1895. having borne her husband three children. namely: .Arthur, deceased: Mabel, born on January 4. 1891. at home: and Mary, born October 24. 1892. at home. Mr. Jeckel chose for his second wife tiie sister of the first Mrs. Jeckel, Miss Mary Betzelberger, who was born in 1870. a most ■charming and accomplished lady. By his second marriage, whicli was celebrated on September 16, 1896, Mr. Jeckel has had three children, namely : Archie, born De- •cember 22. 1897: Johnnie. lx)rn Septemlier 27. 1899: and Harold, born April 8. igoi, all very interesting little ones, who occupy a very warm place in the hearts of the en- tire family. In her beautiful home Mrs. Jeckel ex- ercises the most powerful influence there is. that of wife and mother, and while she is making her husband happy and comfortable she is rearing to useful lives the little ones committed to her care. In their after lives they will demonstrate the efifect of her kind, gentle and wise government and elevating instruction, and look back to call her blessed. Mr. Jeckel has been honored by his fel- low townsmen in being elected to fill several of the offices of the township, the duties of which he has always discharged in a man- ner highly creditable to himself and his con- stituents as well as beneficial to the coiu- munity at large. Since he cast his first vote ;Mr. Jeckel has always supported the principles and candidates of the Republican party, and is regarded as one of the rising young men of the township, who is destined to greater things in the future. Religiously he is a member of the Ger- man Lutheran church of Emden. while his -wife is a member of the Christian church of the same village, and both are very active in church work, giving both time and money to the support of religious institutions and operations. They are highly respected and esteemed in bnth church and social circles, and their home is a pleasant gathering place for friends, whu enjoy the genial hospital- ity sliDwn to all who enter the gates of the Jeckel estate. \\TLLIAM H. B. COOK. \\'illiam H. l\. Cook is one of that vast multitude imw sm rapidly passing to the great beyond, who. when their country called them to free a nation from bondage, did not deem their lives too great a sacri- fice. "So nigh is grandeur to our dust. So near is God to man, When duty whispers low. "Thou nuist," The x'liuth replies. T can.' " William H. B. Cook, of .\tlanta. Logan county. i.s_ one nf a family of fniu- children born to Aamn and Eliza C. (Small) Cook. .\aron Cook was a natixe nf Maryland. On attaining manhood be entered the pulpit and followed the ministry the greater part of his life, a credit to his native state till his death. The sul)ject of this sketch was born in Maryland, February 3. 1842. In 1855 '^^ moved to Logan county. Illinois, and at- tended the first school of Atlanta, receiving a good education there. When in his early teens he Iiegan wurking on a farm by the month, which he continued to do for six years until he entered, the army. In 1862 he enlisted in the defense of the stars and stripes as a member of Company A, One 372 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry. He fought in the battles of Nashville, Red River, Louisiana, and Hel- ena, Arkansas, and took part in the capture of Vicksburg. He served throughout the entire war and was honorablv discharged in 1865. In the spring of ]8(/) Mr. Cdok engaged in fanning in Mt. Hope Icwnship. McLean county, llliniiis, on a farm of two hundred and forty acres, where he resided till i8c)Q, \vith the exception of two years spent in Vermilion Cdunty, Illinois. Then he estal> lished himself in the butcher's business in Atlanta. Having only 1 lue ci)m])etitor. Mr. Cook purchased his shop and cunducted both meat markets, doing an extensi\e business in his line of trade up to August jo, 1901, when he sold out. Mr. Ciiok was r.nited in marriage. Oc- tober ]6. 1865. with Miss Mary E. Bord- weli, the acciim]ilishetantinc C'lni d i...litic: illv a standi supporter of the Ivepubhcan party. He lias l)een elected to the city council from the third ward, although it is Democratic. and has taken quite an active and commend- able interest in public affairs. CARl. r.. BEKEMEYER. LL. B. Trominent among the voung and enter- prising citizens of Mt. I'ulaski is numbered Carl B. Bekemeyer, who is now so creditably serving as city attorney and town clerk. I le was born in Springfield, Illinois, on the 4th of .\ugust, 1870. and is a son of William 1'. and Amelia ( Schwarberg ) Bekemeyer, who were natives of Germany and came to the United States in 1849. The mother died in 1884, but tlie father is still living, and continues to make his home in Springfield, where he is engaged in mercantile business. Our subject passed his boyhood and youth in the Capital City, and in 1886 en- tered Carthage College, where he was grad- uated in 1892. He next took a course in the law department at the l'ni\ersity of [Michigan. Ann .\rbor. and was graduated there in 1894. with the degree of LL. B. The following year was spent in the ofhce of Hon. John '^I. Palmer, at Springfield, and he was then with the firm of Cmikling & (jrout. prominent attorneys of that city, for the same length of time. Forming a partnership with Charles A. Keyes, master in chancery, he was engaged in the practice of his chosen ])rofession in Siiringfield for six months. .\t the end of that time Mr. l'>ekemever came to Mt. Pulaski, and suc- ceeded to the Imsines- of .\. G. j.iues. and old .-iltorney of that jilace. who had recenlK" died. He is ;i close and tlioniugh student and has already met with excellent success in his profession, having built up quite a large practice. His fellow citizens, recog- nizing his abilitw have twice elected him city attorney of Mt. I'ulaski, and he is also serv- ing his third term^ as town clerk, to their entire satisfaction. Socially he is a member of Mt. Pula.ski Lodge, Xo. 154, 1. (). ( ). F.. and the Royal Circle. On February (>. iStjO. he was united in marriage witli Miss Leah P.etts, of Keokuk. Iowa, a daughter of I'dijah and Lula ( Spangler ) P.etts. Mr. liekemeyer has ;i i)leasant home in the resi- lack, were also natives of the Buckeye state. His paternal grandfather, Daniel Plack, came to the new- world from Ireland in his eighteenth _\-car, and married a Miss ( lardner, a native of PennsyK ania. The maternal grandfather, James Xoble. was a nati\e of Washington county. Ohio, and a farmer by occupation. He wedded :\iiss .\l:iry Cook. During boyhood Clarence K. lilack ac- roini)anied his i)arents on their renio\al t^i M;irrison county, Ohio, and there attended tlie common schools until i8fi9, when he THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. came to Tazewell county, Illinois, and pur- sued his studies in tlie jjublic schools there for a time. In 1874 he entered the employ of the Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur Railroad at Lincoln, and the following' year went to Kirksville. Ali.snuri, in the cnipl. .y ,,l the Wal)ash Uailniad. In iXji, lie returned t" Lincnln, and has since heen connected with the Illinois Central Railroad, eliiciently serv- ing as its agent at this place. During the (juarter of a century that has passeil since he entered the service many important changes have Ijeen made in the road, and it is to-day one of the leading railroads .,f the west. Mr. Black was married in 1880 to Miss Ollie Cox. of Lincoln, who is a native of Illinois and a daughter of Mrs. Ellen Cox. Thev ha\e a jileasant home on Xoith Kicka- ])oo street. In his jjolitical alfiliations ^\v. Black is a stanch Repuhlican. and in his social relations is a member of Ml. Pulaski Lodge, .v. P. & .\. M.: the Chapter. U. .\. ^I.:and Mt. Pulaski Cmmandery. Xo. 30. K. T. In business he is i)rompt. obliging and courteous, and is not .mly held in high esteem by the peo])le of Lincoln but is a favorite with the tra\eling pulilic. LABAX HOBLIT. Prominent am< mg the successful and ]jrosperous farmers of .Vtlanta township is Laban Hoblit, who is a native of Logan countv, and is a representative of one of its honored pioneer families, being a sou of Lewis M. and Evelyn ( liaughey ) Hoblit. His paternal grandparents were Samuel and .\bigail (1). NMiey) Hoblit, both now de- ceased. They were aiuong the first settlers of Atlanta township, conung here from Ohio in the winter of 1830-31, which was the memorable winter of the deep snow. The father of our subject was born here, ]\Iarch II, 1 83 1, and was the second son of his par- ents. He obtained his education in the coun- trv schools of the township, and after reach- ing man's estate de\oted his entire time and attention to agricultural pursuits, in which occupation he met with marked success, be- coming one of the well-to-do farmers of his community. He was an up-to-date farmer, and at the time of his death owned three hundred and forty acres of fine land. He was twice married, his first wife being ]\Iiss Evehn Haughey, of ^IcLean county, Illi- nois, who was born in Ohio, an'd died in 1875. The five children born of that union were Svlvanus. Josephine, Isabel, Abigail and Laban. 1m .r his second wife the father wedded Mrs. Mary (Xewman) Patchin. He was an extensive stockholder in the original Atlanta P.ank, now the .Vtlanta National Hank, and was a Republican in his political \iews. Laban Hol:)lit, of this rgview, was born August 2(), 1854, and is the second of the Uvc chihlren Ijorn of his f'ather's first mar- riage. He pursued his studies in the dis- trict scht 11 il within a stone's throw of his pres- ent home, ha\ing been reared ou the farm where he now resides. It coiu])rises three which is under a high state of cultivation and is well improved with good and sub- stantial liuildings, including a fine brick resi- dence and barn to correspond. Since start- ing out in life for hin.iself he has followed farming with good success, and is to-day one of the most cvtcnsi\e and successful agricul- turists lit .\tlauta township, having co-ntrol of fi\e luuidred and eighty acres of good land. Also ninety acres of fine timber land. In 1887 Mr. Holilit married ]\Iiss Emma LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of I' LINO"' LEWIS M. HOBLIT. LABAN HOBLIT. LIBRARY OF THE V3HWERS1TY OF ILLlUOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 377 Adams, the accomplished daughter of James R. Adams, w ho belonged to one of Tennes- sees lirst families. Mrs. Hoblit died March 30, 1900, leaving one child. Dean Adams. Mr. Hoblit has never taken a ver>- active part in public affairs, preferring to devote his undivided attention to his business inter- ests. He is a wide-awake, progressive busi- ness man of known reliability, and generally •carries forward to successful completion Avhatever he undertakes. In his political views he is a stanch Republican, but has never cared for political honors. LIXDSEY ZOLLARS. Among the worthy citizens of Logan ■county who responded to their country's •call for aid during the dark days of the Re- bellion was the gentleman whose name in- troduces this sketch. With exception of one year spent in Tazewell county and three in the service of his country, he has been a resident of this county since 1854. and is now successfully engaged in farming on section 25. East Lincoln township. Mr. Zollars was born in Harrison coun- ty. Ohio, on the 3d of April. 1843. and is a son of Stephen and Temperance ( Spind- ler) Zollars. natives of Ohio and Pennsyl- vania respectively. Both came from a long- lived race, and were of German descent. Our subject's paternal great-grandfather, Da\id Zollars. was the first of the family to come to America. He fought under Gen- eral Washington in the Revolutionary war, and on account of his nationality was sent among the Hessians to treat with them. On first coming to Illinois. Stephen Zollars. the father of our subject, spent a short time in ;McLean county, and in 1854 took up his residence in Logan county, where he made his home until death. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of partially im- proved land in .\tlanta township, and to its further development and cultivation devoted his attenti(jn until 1868. when he removed lo East Lincoln township and improved a farm there, making it his Iiome until called to his final rest, in 1887, at the age of sev- enty-six years. His wife, who was born in 1812. died in December. 1893. at the age of eightv-one. They were well-educated people and became quite well-to-do. In politics the father was a strong Republican, and held local offices in his township. Unto this worthy couple were born five children, but the only daughter died in in- fanc>-. The sons all grew to manhood, and are as follows: Damascus served three years in the Civil war as a member of Com- pany F. One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. After residing in Lo- gan county for many years he removed to South Dakota in 1881. and there died in 1897. John C. owns and operates a well- improved farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Oran township, this county. Wes- lev was also one of the boys in blue during the Civil war, serving three years as a mem- ber of Company F, Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He made his home in Logan county until 1877, when he went to the Pacific coast, and is now in the National Soldiers' Home at Seattle. Washington. Lindsey completes the family. The subject of this sketch was a lad of eleven years when the family came to Logan county, and his education was principally acquired in its district sch(X)ls. He re- mained at home, aiding his father in the work of the farm, until August. 1862. when he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois X'nlunteer Infantrv. un- 378 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. del- Colonel R. B. Latham, of Lincoln, and remained in the service until the close of the war. During- the battle of Marks Mills, Arkansas, he was taken prisoner and con- fined in Tyler prison, Texas, for a year, being- released on the cessation of liostilities. Mr. Zollars then returned home and took charge of the farm, as his father was get- ting old, and he remaiiied with his parents as long as they li\'ed. After the death of the father he purchased the interests of the other heirs in the home place, and now has two hundred and sixty acres of valuable farm land uiider a high state nf cultivation. One hundred and sixty-five acres of this is m Oran township, and the remainder in East Lincoln township, where he makes his home. He has met with good success in his farming operations. In 1872 Mr. Zollars married Miss Lucy Dunham, who was born in Oliio in 1851, but was reared and educated in Logan coun- ty, Illinois. By this unit-m were born two sons, namely : Charles F.. who was killed in a runaway accitlent while attending Lin- cdln University, at the age of seventeen years; and Frederick S., who was born in ]Sj<). and is now in X.irtli Dakota. The wife and mother died at her home in East Lincoln township in 1881. and in Novem- ber, 1887, Mr. Zollars was again n-iarried. I'lis second union being with ]\Irs. Ella J. Wodetzski, nee McCue, widow of John Wlodetzski. She was educated in Sanga- mon county, this state, and taught school in Logan county for over seven years. Five children blessed the second rnarriage of our subject, but one died in infancy. Those living are Alabel C, Donald P.. George D. and Edw-ard L. Religiously Mr. Zollars is an active member of the Christian church of Lincoln, and is now serving as one of its trustees. He is also a member of Leo \\'. Myers Post, Xo. 182, G. A. R., of that place, while his son, F"red S.. is lieutenant in the Sons of A'eterans Camp. The Republican party has always found in :\lr. Zollars a stanch sup- porter of its principles, and he has capably filled the offices of school trustee and direc- tor. Progressive and pul)lic-spirited, he takes a deep and comn-iendable interest in public afifairs, and gives his support to all measures which he lielieves will advance the moral, educational or material welfare of his township and county, and is justly regarded as one of the most valued citizens of the C(:;mniunit\- in which he lives. MRS. RACHEL A. POTTS. Airs. Rachel .\. Potts, widow of David Potts and an honored resident of Atlanta, was Ijorn in Ohio, in 1835, and is one of a family of seven children, whose parents were Thomas and Eliza (Johnston) Nelson. Her father was born in Pennsylvania, March 23, 1809, and in 1816 acct)mpanied his par- ents on their ren-io\-al to Monroe county,, Ohio, where he grew to manhood upon a farm, receiving a good country school edu- cation. Throughout his active business life he successfully engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and becai-iie cpiite well-to-do. He was a devout member of the Presbyterian church, in which he served as ruling elder, and alwavs took an active and influential part in all church work. He died on the 30th of :\Iarch. 188 1, honored and respected l)y all who knew him. :\Irs. Potts was a- mere child at the time of her mother's death. :\Irs. Potts first gave her hand in mar- riage to William Simerall, who was born in \'irginia. Fel)ruary 21. 1824. and was reared THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 379- to agricultural jxirsuits. while his literary tducation was obtained in the common sc1kx>1s. His parents were Samuel and Katherine ( \'an Horn) Simerall. The children born ti> William and Rachel A. (Xelson) Simerall were Jolm S., Johnson O., Thomas C. Cymantha May, Xanna A., Sadie A. and William \'.. all of whom are now deceased with the exception of Sadie A., who is the wife of Andrew Shipley, an extensive farmer of Nebraska. The father of this family was a stanch Republican in politics and was a faithful member of the Methodist church, to which his wife and children also Ijelonged. He commanded the respect and esteem of the entire com- munity in which he lived, and his death, which occurred in Monroe county. Ohio, was widelv mourned. Mrs. Simerall was again married. June 1 8. 1S73. her second husband being David Potts, a prosperous and successful farmer of Atlanta township. He was born in \'ir- ginia. and was a son of Samuel and Aberilla (Gadd) Potts. He died July 2^. 1891. leaving to his w idow a good farm of sixty acres on section 21, Atlanta township. Be- sides that place she owns city property in Atlanta, where she has a cozy home, and w here, surrounded by her many friends, she expects to spend her declining" years. RICHARD W. RIGG. M. D. Dr. Richard \\'. Rigg. a successful and prominent physician and surgeon of Mt. Pulaski. Illinois, is a native of this state, his birth having occurred in Mt. Sterling. Brown county. August 5. 1856. His an- cestors were among the pioneers of Ken- tucky, his paternal grandfather. Richard Rigg. being a native of that state and a farmer of Marion county. He married Miss Margaret Louderbach and with his family removed from Kentucky to Brown coimty, Illinois, in 1837. James X. Rigg, the Doctor's father, was born in Marion county. Kentucky, in 1825, and was twelve years of age on the removal of the family to this state. For thirty-seven years he carried on business as a merchant in one building in Camden, Schuyler county, Illinois, but is now living a retired life at Mt. Pulaski. In early life he married Miss Emily J. AN'atts. who was born in Madison county. Ken- tucky, in 1837, and also came to Illinois in 1837 with her parents. \\'illis and Amanda (Simmons) \\atts. After a short time spent in Brown county this family removed to Schuyler county, where they made a per- manent location, and where Mr. Watts was engaged in merchandising for man)' years. His daughter. Mrs. Rigg. is still living. Dr. Rigg acquired his primary educa- tion in the public schools of this state, and later attended the State Normal School at Normal. Illinois. For two years he was a student in the law department of the Iowa State University, from which he was grad- uated in 1 88 1, and on his admission to the bar was engaged in the practice of that pro- fession at Indianapolis. Indiana, for two }ears. He then took up the study of medi- cine with his uncle. Dr. B. P. \\'atts. at Camden. Illinois, and later attended lec- tures at the College of Physicians and Sur- geons. Keokuk. Iowa, where he was gradu- ated in the spring of 1887. with the degree of M. D. In April of that year he came to ^It. Pulaski and opened an ofhce for the practice of medicine. He has that love for and devotion to his profession which has brought to him success, and his skill and ability are attested l)y the lil)eral patronage j8o THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. which he receives. He is one of the ablest representatives of the medical fraternity in the county, and belongs to the State ^Medical Society. Socially he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity, and is a man honored and respected l)y all who know him. In 1884 Dr. Rigg was united in mar- riage with Miss Ida Bank, of Farmington, Iowa, a daughter of William and Catherine (Heinberger) Bank, and by this union twn children have been born, namely: Harry Edward and James Reuel. WALTER C. PAIXE. .M. D. Not only is Dr. Paine identified with the most advanced medical researches and practice in New Holland, but he is as well a lil)eral-minded and progressive citizen, whose opinion up(.)n all matters of jniblic interest finds ready credence and following among all classes. His medical and surgi- cal skill have resulted in his ser\-ices being in demand not only in Logan but in Mason, Tazewell and Menard counties, and his pro- fessional responsibility was enlarged by his position as surgeon for the St. Louis, Peoria & Northern Railroad, which he satisfac- torilv filled for several years. In 1896, dur- ing President McKinley's administration. he was appointed United States examining surgeon for the pensioners of Logan county. \\l^\\e a thorough student of medical lore, and equally gifted as a surgeon and general practitioner. Dr. Paine is materially aided in his life work by a dominating humanity which permeates all of his undertakings and by a profound pride and faith in the best tenents of his great and noble profession. He has also a genial temperament and ready wit which is often substituted for plasters and physic with remarkable results, and which is deftly applied to the lifting of mental oppression and its calamat(Uis fol- lowing. A native of Fancy Prairie. ]\Ienard county, Illinois, Dr. Paine was born .\ugust 14, 1866. and was reared on his father's farm, receiving his preliminary education in the country schools. The Paine family comes originally from England, and in Lon- don was bom James W. Paine, the Doctor's father, who emigrated to America with his parents \\hen but two years of age. Here he was reared to agricultural pursuits, and assisted in his efforts at making a livelihood bv a common school education, eventually engaging in farming on his own responsi- l)ilitv. His success in the eastern state was continued after his removal to Illinois, in i860. He is now living on the old home- stead in Menard county. He married Mary \\"ashl3urn. who reared a family of children, of whom three are living. Dr. Paine being the oldest. She died in April. 1897. While yet a youth Dr. Paine developed amljitious tendencies which sought a field of actix'ity beyond the borders of his father's farm and. found vent in the profession of medicine. Previously he had passed the teacher's examination and engaged in edu- cational work in his immediate neighbor- hood, and as time went on he employed such leisure as came his way in preparing for more advanced medical researches. His chief friend and adviser in this crisis was Dr. T. C. Hill, of Sweet Water. Illinois, un- der whose tutelage he remained until 1891, when he entered Rush :\Iedical College, of Chicago. Illinois, and was graduated there- from with honor in 1895. During his col- lege life he devoted particular attention to the diseases of women and children, and THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. after graduation took a special course in this line of work. In July of 1895 he located in New Holland and was for a time associated in practice with Dr. Stults, or until June, 1898, when he hranched out into independ- ent practice. The Doctor is identified with all that lias a tendency to uphuild his adopted town, altiiough he has never desired or ac- cepted other political office than is connected with his profession. Fraternally he is affili- ated with the Masons, the Knights of Pyth- ias, the Woodmen, the Court of Honor and the Fraternal Crystal Lights. Surrounded hy hosts of friends and well wishers, the Doctor lives in his hospitable and cozy home in Xew Holland, the genius of his fireside, his w ile and helpmate, having been before her marriage l-'Inrence M. Munger. daughter of Samuel Munger, of Mason county. The marriage occurred Oc- tober 28. 1897, and ;Mrs. Paine is one of the popular and amiable women of the town. JOHX B. .McCOR.MICK. One of the prominent and well-to-do farmers of Or\il township, living on sec- tion ^;^. is Joiin B. ilcCormick, who has resided in Logan county since 1884. He is a native of Ouincy, Massachusetts, born on March 9. 1854, and is a son of William and Martha ( Blaen ) McCormick. Ix.tli of whom were natives of Scotland. The date of the father's birth was 1824. and after he was married, in 1847. 'le de- cided to come to America, his wife follow- ing in 1853. He first settled in Xew Jersey, where he lived a short time and then moved to Ouincy, Massachusetts, wlierc he worked at his trade of stone-cutter the balance of his life, and died in Xoxember, 1889. The mother died in June. 1898. Five children were born to tlieni. namely: John 1!.. our subject; William .\.. a stone-cutter, wlm re- sides in Ouincy. Massacluisetts : Elizabeth, who resides in the same place; James R., also a stone-cutter in Ouincy. Massachu- setts; Gene M.. a bookkeeper, of Ouincy. .Ml of the children received a good educa- tion in the high schools and best educational institutions in the east. Our .sul)ject also learned the trade of stone-cutter and worked at it in his native town for fifteen years, during which time, in 1875, li^ married Miss Ida C. Corliss, of Ouincy, Massachusetts, who was born in 1854. a daughter of Elijah and L\(lia (Johnson) Ga-liss. .Mr. Corliss was also a stone-cutter, and worked at his trade the greater jjortion of his life. Both he and his wife are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. ?\IcCormick are the par- ents of fi\-e children, namely : lulward re- sides at home: Samuel E., who married .Xeilie I. \\'ar(l, resides in Peoria, Illinois, where he is a tra\eling salesman : Cyrus J. is a bot;kkeeper in the Bank of Emden, at Emden, Illinois, and is a very ])rominent young man: Harrison B. and Xelson J. reside at home. After marriage our subject worked at his trade in Ouincy, ]^Iassachusetts. until 1884, when, on account of ill health, he and his family came out west and first settled in Eminence township, this county, where be bought a farm and resided there se\en years. He then sold out and came to Orvil township and purchased his present home. He now owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine farming land on section ;i^. where he carries on general farming, ^\■hen not en- gaged in f;u"niing he works at his trade of stone-cutter. In politics he is a Republican, and was 382 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. township supervisor of Orvil township for two years, in 1898 and 1899. Mr. Mc- Cormick is a wealthy, influential farmer, well liked hy his neighbors and kind in his home. He resides in a fine house supplied with modern conveniences. His farm shows the effects of his careful manage- ment, and after a youth and early manhood of hard work he is now enjoying the fruit ■of his labors. CHARLES R. BOWLES. Charles R. Bowles, owner of one hun- dred and twenty acres of rich farming land on sections 33 and 34, Orvil township, has been a resident of Logan county all his life, having been born here on December 12, 1856, and is a son of David Bowles, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. Our subject was educated in the com- mon schools of Orvil townshi]) and assisted his father upon the farm until his marriage, in 1876, to Miss Annie Simpson, a daughter of William W. Simpson, of Emden, whose sketch also appears in this volume. Mrs. Bowles died August 18, 1890, leaving four children, namely: \\'illiam, Lenora, Leroy Thomas and Leslie L. On October l, 1891, Mr. Bowles was married to Mrs. Jennie Rogers, widow of lonathan Rogers of this county, and a daughter of Abraham and Alary C. Floyd. Mr. Flovd was a farmer of Indiana, where he lived. He is now deceased, and his widow resides in Prairie Creek township, this county. One child was born of the second marriage of Mr. Bowles, namely: Charles Elbert, a most interesting child. After his first marriage our subject moved to a farm in Boynton township. Tazewell county, Illinois, and resided there one vear and then moved to a farm in Orvil township, this county, and made it his home for nine vears. He then settled on his pres- ent home, known as the old Bowles home- stead, on section 2, Orvil township, where he owns one hundred and twenty acres of excellent land, on which he carries on gen- eral farming and stock raising. He also operates a steam thresher, and his efforts have been crowned with success. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, and so- cially is a member of the Knights of Pyth- ias order of Emden. Both he and his wife are members of the Bethel Christian church of Orvil townshi]!, and are highly respected by all who know them for their many ex- cellent traits of character. WILLIAM ATTEBERRY. Among the prominent and progressive agriculturists of Eminence township, who. through their own unaided eft'orts, have arisen to a position of affluence, is numbered the gentleman whose name introduces this review. He was born in that township on the 3d of November, 1844, and is the only living child of Hiram and Lavica (Kas- inger) Atteberry.' The father was a native of Kentucky and a pioneer of Logan county, Illinois, having located in Eminence town- ship in the early ■30s. His vocation was that of farming, which he followed with ex- cellent success throughout life. He died in September, 1872. having long survived the mother of our subject, who passed away in 1846. ^\"illiam .Vtteberry grew to manho(xl on the home farm and early acquired an excel- lent knowledge of all the duties which fall THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 383 to tlie lot of the agriculturist, at the same time receiving a good literary education in the country schools of the locality. Pur- chasing a ditch machine in 1870, he com- menced taking contracts to construct ditches, and did an extensive husiness along that Une for three years, his motive power being oxen. During this time he laid by a suffi- cient sum to purchase eighty acres of land in Orvil township and then turned his atten- tion to farming. Being a man of excellent judgment, as well as a capable financier, he was very successful in his farming opera- tions and has accumulated considerable property, including his home farm in Emi- nence tiiwushi]), which is a valuable place of two hundred and tliirty-se\en acres on section .21. He also has two hundred and t'ortv acres of good farm land in the state of Nebraska and a quarter section in Okla- homa. For the past thirty years Mr. Atte- berry has made a specialty of buying and shipping cattle and hogs. At one time while in Nebraska he loaded a train load of cattle at Ulysses, about one hundred and forty miles west of Omaha. They left Ulysses at nine o'clock in the forenoon and the cattle were in Chicago for the market next morning, making the fastest time on record. His residence is a good two-story frame structure, located on- a high eleva- tion, and the other Imildings are in perfect harmony therewith. On the 1 8th of June, 1869, Air. Atte- berry was united in marriage with Aliss Fanny S. Skirven, who was born in Indi- ana, April 5, 1850, and is a daughter of Leonidas Perry and Eliza (Welch) Skirven, also natives of the Hoosier state. In the Skirven family were ten children. The children \xm\ to our subject and his wife were as follows: William F., born May 2. 1870: Cora B., born January 10, 1872; Anna M., born March 6, 1874; Alberta R., born October 21, 1876: Archie R., who was born April 4, 1880, and died January 3, 1893; Jennie I., who was born November 16, ]882, and died January 9, 1893, only six days after the death of Archie: Cliarlie L., born February 5, 1885: and Rusa R.. 1)1 irn December 10, 1887. The parents and living children are all members of the Chris- t'an church, and the family is one of promi- r,ence in the community where they reside. In his political views Mr. Atteberry is a Democrat. During the Civil war he en- listed at Atlanta, in 1865, in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, the commissioned officers of his cnmpan_\- being Captain Church; Hammit Larrison, first lieutenant ;and James Palmer, second lieutenant. He was honor- ably discharged December 15, 1865, and his papers, which were signed in person by President Lincoln, are still in his possession. His career affords an example tn the ymuig in that he commenced life for himself with- out capital, Init, hax'ing a determination to succeed he industriously applied himself until he has acquired a good propert\- and is to-day one of the wealthiest farmers of his community, as well as one of its most influ- ential citizens. W. R. KINCAID, AI. D. One of the most popular and successful medical practitioners of Elkhart is W. R. Kincaid, who has been a resident of this enterprising little town since March. i8()5. An Illinoisan by all the laws of nature, he was born September 5, 1872, near b'armer City, DeWitt county, a son of A. T. and Frances ( Ritter) Kincaid, natives of Men- 384 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. arcl county, and the latter born near Peters- burg-. The parents were married in Green- view, Aknard county, after wbich tbey re- moved to Farmer City, wliicli lias since been their residence. The elder Kincaid is an agriculturist on a large scale, and owns and manipulates about five hundred acres of land. He is prominent in affairs of his county, a Republican in politics and highway com- missioner, a ]\Iason in fraternal circles, and a member of the Methi.dist Episcopal church. Of the six children in the fam- ily: Brittle is the wife of C. H. Wheeler, of Wilmette, Illinois: \\'. R. : ^Innte who mar- ried Eftie Rutlidge and lives on the nld homestead; Pearl who is attending- the Northwestern University ; Gertrutle wh< < graduated fmm the Farmer City high school in the spring of lyoi : and Andrew T. wh" is attending the Farmer City high school. In his Ix.vhood :Mr. Kincaid was favored with excellent educational advantages and availea himself of them to the utmost. After finishing the district schools of De- Witt county and graduating from the high school at Farmer City in 1888. he entered the Northwestern University INIedical Col- lege, from which he was graduated with honors in 1894. For preliminary practice he located in Chicago for a year, but took up his permanent residence in Elkhart in 1895. Dr. Kincaid has had no cause to regret the happv inspiration which caused him to lo- cate here, for his skill in diagnosis and treat- ment have l)een fully recognized, and a con- stantlv growing practice attest his geniality of nature and thorough understanding of his great profession. On December jo, 1893, at Farmer City, Illinois, occurred the marriage of Dr. Kin- caid and Jessie Burford, who -was born in Deland, Illinois, July 19, 1873, a daughter of C. S. and Lulu (A\'eedman) Burford, natives respectively of Indiana and Illinois. Mr. Burford. who formerly conducted the Bee Hive store at Farmer City, is now a resident of Denver, Colorado, where he is engaged in the real estate business. INIrs. Kincaid has one sister, Nellie, who is the wife of Rev. Edward E. Bean, the Aletho-. dist Episcopal minister at University Park, Colorado. To ]\lr. and Airs. Kincaid have Ijecn born three children: Lucile, born August 28. 1895: Francis, born June 12, J 899; and Nellie. Iiorn July 3, 1901. In addition to his large general practice Dr. Kincaid is examining physician for a number of insurance companies and for the fraternal organizations of the Alodern \\'oo(lmen of .America and the Court of Hoi-ior. He is also a memlier of the Ken- wood Lodge. No. 405. K. P.. the Elkhart Lodge, No. 513, Court of Flonor, and the Camp No. 511. ^\. W. A. He is a Re- publican in national politics, and is at pres- ent clerk of the city of Elkhart. With his family he is affiliated with the Methodist Ei)iscoiial church. WILHELAI F. HENN. It is not difficult to conjecture what man- ner of man is Mr. Henn when we learn that for twehe consecutive years he has been con- tinued in the office of supervisor of Laenna township by the vote of the people, and is the present chairman of the board, w^hicli posi- tion he has held for two years. Unworthy men sometirnes succeed in gaii-iing office, but they can not niaintain their hold upon a posi- tion which depends upon the franchise of their fellow tiwvnsmen. and no higher testi- UKjnial of ability, fidelity and personal worth W. F. HENN, CHAIRMAN OF BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRArillCAL RECORD. 387 can be given tlian a statement of the fact that one has long continued in the pubhc service. ^Ir. Henn is also well known as an enterpris- ing merchant, successfully conducting a hardware store in Latham, where by honora- ble business methods he has secured a liberal patronage. Upon a farm in Logan county Mr. Henn was born December 3, 1854, his parents be- ing Christian and Catherine (Shiunacher) Henn, both of whom were natives of Ger- many and emigrated to the United States in 1852. Tliey landed at Xew Orleans, and thence proceeded up the ^Mississippi river to a point on the Illinois shore, whence they dro\-e across the countr}- by the way of Springfield with horses and wagon to Logan county, settling first in I^-ake Fork township. where the father purchased ninety-one acres of land. There he continued to engage in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1858. The mother was thus left with the care of' her five children and four children of Mr. Henn by a former mar- riage : Henry Christian, who became a sol- dier in the Civil war and died while in the service; Katherine, the wife of William Suedmyer: Johanna, who is the wife of J- yi. Loetterly, of Carrollton, Nebraska; Net- tie, wife of Gottlieb Seyfer, now deceased; Wilhelm F.. our subject; Christina, wife of W'ilhelm Hitzerman, of Long Prairie, Min- nesota : and Margaret, wife of John Geyer. of Logan county. In the usual manner of farmer lads of tlie period W'ilhelm F. Henn spent his hny- hood. He worked in the fields through the summer season and in the winter months at- tended the district schools, later supplement- ing his early educational privileges by study in the schools of Mount Pulaski. When his education was completed he learned the tin- ner's trade with C. R. Capps, of Mount Pu- laski, and later he was employed in the same line of business by George F. Reinhardt, of that city. In March, 1877, 'le came to La- tham and entered into partnership with George F. Reinhardt. estal)lishing a hard- ware store, which they conducted for a vear, at the end of which time Mr. Henn pur- clia.sed his partner's interest and has since been sole proprietor. Fle carries a large and well-selected stock of shelf and hea^•y hard- ware, implements and farm machinery, and his well-known reliability in trade transac- tions, together with the durabilitv of his goods, has secured to him a constant! v grow- ing trade. On March 20. 1878, ]\Ir. Henn was uni- ted in marriage to Miss ilary A. Wagner, of Mount Pulaski, a daughter of Wilhelin and Christina (Gessner) Wagner. Their children, three in number, are Alvin W".. Oscar O. and L'arda Hulda. Botli Mr. and Mrs. Henn enjoy the warm regard of many friends. In his political affiliations he is a Democrat, and is justly regarded as one of the most prominent members of the partv in Latham. In 18S4 he was elected president of the village, and in 1880 he was elected a memljer of the board of education and served as its president to the present time. To the office of super\-isor he was elected in 1890. and has since continued therein. His official career is without a shadow of wrong and has won him the high commendation of even those opposed to him politically. He is public spirited and progressive, manifest- ing a loyal interest in every movement calcu- lated to prove of general good. His life has been a busy and useful one. in which he has realized the value of earnest, honest labor in winning success, for it has Ijeen along those lines that he has gained pros])eritv. Mr. Henn and his wife are members of the Lutheran church of Mount Pula.'^ki. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. JOHX B. DOWNEY. Among the prominent and useful citi- zens of East Lincoln township, Logan coimty. Illinois, is John B. Downey, who is the efficient road commissioner of the town- ship of which he has been a resident since 1868. The birth of Mr. Downey occurred April 18, 1848, in ^^'arren county. Ohio, and he is a son of Eleazar Downey, whose home is still in that county, where he is an l:onored resident, at the age of eighty-two years, having been born in 18 19. The mother of our subject, who was formerly Elizabeth W'orley, died April 12. 1S57. at the age of thirty years. A family of six children were born to the parents : Charles A\'.. who lived in Ohio and died at the age ■of twenty-two years; John B.. the sub- ject of this sketch ; George, who is a farmer in Warren county, Ohio: William P.. who is a farmer in Kansas: Celia J., who is the widow of Frank Shawhan and lives in Ohio: and Syhan E., who has been a resident of East Lincoln township, this county, since 1889. All of these children were educated in the common schools of ANarren county, Ohio, the youngest ones being given collegi- ate advantages, and three of the sons be- came teachers. The father is a man oi great intelligence and always encouraged all educational advancement. By trade he is a millwright, but also did some farming. Our subject comes of German stock ou the paternal side and of Scotch-Irish on the maternal, a combination which has been both physically and mentally of benefit to him. His early education was accjuired in the state of Ohio. During the winters he was a pupil there until twenty years old. w hile the summers were occupied with farm- ing operations. At the age of twenty years yir. Downev left his home and came to Illi- r.ois and settled on a farm belonging to his father in East Lincoln township, Logan count}-. Here ^Ir. Downey married, and then located on the farm of one hundred and twenty acres in section j8. where he has made his home. This he has improved with mcjdern buildings, and has made it not only one of the most valuable but also one of the most attractive homes in this vicinity. Mr. Downey was married in 1872, in Logan county, to ]\Iiss Mary A. Rigg. who was born in Sangamon county, June 4, 1856. and whi> was educated in McDonough county. To this marriage has been born one daughter. — Fairy A., born in 1874, who is the wife of Elnathan Town, of Easton, and has two children, — Karl u. and Muriel. yirs. Town is a lady of many graces of mind and person. She was thoroughly educated in Lincoln University and later took a course in music at the Wesleyan Uni\-ersity, Bloomington. possessing great musical gifts. In politics Mr. Downey has always sup- ported the Republican party. For twenty- eight years he has been identified with edu- cational afifairs in the county, and in the spring of 190 1 he was made commissioner of roads. This election gives general satis- faction, as Mr. Downey's thorough business methods are well known, and he enjoys the full confidence of the community. The fam- ily connection is with the Methodist Episco- pal church, in which Mr. Downey is the recording steward of the Lincoln circuit. For nine years he was the superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has long been one of the generous and cheerful supporters of c\ery benevolent and charitable enterprise connected with the church. He is a thor- oughly self-made man, and has won his way to the prominent position he holds in the estimation of the conimunitv which has THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 389 learned to value him for his integrity, lion- esty and his characteristics which make liini a good friend, kind neighhor and estimaljle <.itizen. GEORCK H. HUBBARD. Prominent among the energetic, enter- prising and successful business men of Mt. Pulaski is George H. Hubbard, the present secretary and treasurer of the Mt. Pulaski Grain Company. He was bmn January 23, 1865, upon a farm in Prairie Creek town- ship, tliis c unity, and is a son cif .\'iclii_)las and .Mary (Smith) Hu1>l)ard, l)cith natives of Prussia, German}-, the ftirmer born in 1825, the latter in 1830. The parents came to the United States in childliood and were married in Portsmouth, Ohio. In 1853 they removed to Illincis, and settled in Prairie Creek township, Logan count)-, where the father farmed, and in Cdunectimi with the operation of his land successfully engaged in stock raising. There he died on the i6th of October. 1885. His widow is still living and now makes her home at Xn. 1 lo Water street, Lincoln. In their family were nine children, namely : Nicholas, a resident of Omaha, Xeliraska : Mary A., wife of Pat- rick Ryan ; Theresa C, deceased : Frederick ]., a retired farmer of Lincoln: .\nna A., who is living with her mother in Lincoln : Emery, who died in childhood: George H., our subject: Jacob J., a resident of Chicago: and Louis .\., of Lincoln. During his boyhood and youth George !1. Hubbard attended scho,,] through the winter months and devoted his time and at- tention to the labors of the fields through- out the summer. He remained on the old homestead and had charge of the farm after his father's death until I-'ebruarw iXc.j, when he removed to Lincoln and embarked in the grain business, as a member of the lirm of Hubbard Brothers & Company, but since March, 1896, he has been connected with the Mt. Pulaski Grain Company and has made his home in Mt. Pulaski. This company was organized March 14, 1889, and the present officers are John Lincoln, president ; Andrew Eisiminger, vice-presi- dent : and George H. Hubbard, secretary and treasurer. They do quite an extensive business and ship their grain principally to Chicago and Xew- Orleans. In 1893 -^I''- Hubbard was united in mar- riage with Miss Mary A. O'Connor, of Lo- gan county, a daughter of John O'Connor, and to them have been born five children : .\nna, deceased: Nicholas L. ; John P.; Paul : and George H., Jr. Fraternally Mr. Hubbard is a member of Alt. I-^ulaski Lodge, Xo. 434, I. O. O. V. In 1900 he was elected a member of the school btiard tor a term of three years, and is now nnjst creditably filling that office. His strict in- tegrity and honorable dealing in business commend him to the confidence of all : his pleasant manner wins him friends, and he is one of the popular and honored citizens of Alt. Pulaski. WILLIAAI ALFXAXDER PEGRAM. The subject of this sketch, a well-known retired farmer of Lincoln, was born on the 16th of January, 1824, in Dinwiddie county, Virginia, and is a son of William I!, and Sarah I-:. (Walker) Pegram. who were also natives of the < )ld Dominion. The father died in 1S81 . at the age of eighty-tw-o years, and the mother ()eparted this life at Lincoltj ill i88ri, at the age of eighty-four. Her 390 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. father fought for American independence in the Revohitionary war. Our subject's pa- ternal grandfather belonged to an old \'ir- ginian family. William A. Pegram is one of a family of seven children, all of whom lived to be grown, and six of the number still survive. He was principally educated in private schools of Kentucky and Illinois, coming to this state in 1835. On starting out in life for himself, he engaged in farming near Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois, for a time, and later spent eight years at Monte- zuma. Pike county. In 1857 he came to Lincoln. Logan county, and found this region almost an unbroken prairie. He. Avith father and Ijrother. B. B. Pegram, pur- chased a tract <>f ti\e hundred and sixty acres of land in Chester township, and at once turned their attention to the improve- ment and cultivation of this place, trans- forming it into three fine farms. He still owns two hundred and forty acres of land, whir'-' '"f" r?nts. one hundred and sixty acres of which was in the original purchase, while he now lives a retired life in Lincoln, enjoy- ing a well-earned rest. He has a nice home at Xo. 506 Tremont street, which he bought in 1870. On the 3d of July. 1849. ^^^'- Pegram wedded INIiss IMartha Ward Pegram. of Greene county, who was a native of Ken- tucky, and a daughter of Dr. John C. Pe- gram. a physician of Carrollton. Illinois. Unto them were born twelve children, six sons and six daughters, namely : George, deceased: Blanch, wife of Andrew Lay- man : A'irginus. who died at the age of eighteen: \\'illiam A., Jr.. who died at the age of ten years : T. Lincoln, a merchant of Decatur. Illinois: Samuel Marshall, also of Decatur. Illinois: Edward, who died in in- fancv: Carrie, deceased: Helen, wife of Hon. L. B. Stringer, state senator from t!-is district : INIary, wife of E. \\'. Curry, of Bloomington : Edith, wife of William Duff. a farmer of Logan county ; and Virginia, at home. The mother of these children died in 1877, and for his second wife Mr. Pe- gram married Miss Sarah Martin, who was then living in Lincoln, and by this union he has one son, ^^"illiam A., at home. Although past the allotted three score years and ten. being now seventy-seven years of age, Mr. Pegram is still hale and hearty, and has the vigor of a much younger man. He has always taken an active inter- est in public affairs, especially along educa- tional lines, and has served as a member of the school board and trustee of the school fund. He has also held other minor offices, and has ever faithfully performed his duties of citizenship. He is an active and consist- ent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for thirty years has been a mem- ber of the church board. Honored and re- spected by all. he is certainly deserving of prominent mention in the history of his adopted county. JOHX W. OLDAKER. John W. Oldaker. one of .vtlanta's fore- most farmers, residing on his farm one and one-half miles east of the village of At- lanta, is one of five children born to Jesse V. and Rebecca (Bentley) Oldaker. His father was a native of Virginia, where the grandfather carried on an extensive farm. In the spring of 1845 he was married, and in the fall of the same year he came to Illi- nois and purchased a farm of eight)- acres one mile east of our subject's present farm. Later he sold his first purchase and bought THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one hundred and sixty acres, on which he resided until his ileath. winch occurred in 1889. J,.hn W. Oldakcr was l...rn August 17. 184S, in 1 Highland county. Oliio. being- one ■of five children, all now deceased with the exception of n- sisting of eighty- four acres. To this he has gradualK- added until he now owns two 392 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. hundred and sixty acres, upon wliich he has made many useful and vahiable impro\e- ments, and now has one of the most desir- able farms of its size in the neighborhood. Mr. Gaddis was married, December 12, 1865, to Miss ^Margaret Niblick, a daughter of Thomas Niblick, who came to this state from Tennessee in 1852 and located in Lo- gan county. She died on the 26th of Feb- ruary, 1869, leaving two children, namely: Josepliine and William, who are still living. On the 26th of December, 1872, Mr. Gaddis was again married, his second union being with Miss Mary E. Gilchrist, a daughter of David Gilchrist, wlm is Udw living a retired life in Lir.juhi. This union lias been blessed with four children: Nellie M. ; David, who died in 1878, aged two years; I^lobert C. ; and Clifford B. Mr. Gaddis and his family are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and in politics he is identified with the Demo- cratic party. He is well known through- out the county as a straightforward, reliable man, whose word is considered as good as his bond, and he well merits the high regard in which he is held. ADAM SCHONAUER. Adam Schonauer, one of the leading and influential farmers of East Lincoln township, is a man whose worth and ability have gamed him success, honor and public confidence. He enjoys the well-earned dis- tinction of being what the jHiblic calls a "self-made man,"' and an anal\-zation of his character reveals the fact that industry, en- terprise and well-directed efforts have been the essential features in his prosperity. Mr. Schonauer was born October 4, 1851, in Berks county, Pennsylvania, of which county his parents, John and Sally A. ( Epling) Schonauer, were also natives. There the father followed farming until his death, which occurred in 1861. The mother is still living, at the age of sixty- nine years, and makes her home in Read- ing, Pennsylvania. Our subject, who is the only child of the family, was reared and educated in the county of his nativity, and remained on the home farm until 1872, when he came west. After spending a short time in Danville, Illinois, he went to Minneapolis, Alinnesota. where he clerked in a hardware store for eighteen months and had an excellent oppor- tunity to learn the business. He next went to St. Louis, Missouri, and engaged in har- vesting as a l)inder between that place and St. Paul. In the fall of i87() Mr. Schonauer came 111 Logan count\-. Illinois, where he was first employed as a farm hand for eighteen months, and then rented land, which he op- erated (|uite successfully for three years. Having saved some money, and with a little help from his mother, he iiurchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 26, East Lincoln townshi]), which he has since fully impro\-ed, tiling the land and erecting a good set of farm buildings there- on. He has been \'ery successful as a man- ager, and has steadily prospered in his farming and stock raising. Formerly he fed quite a large amount of stock for mar- ket. "On the 13th of March, 1881, was cele- brated the marriage of Mr. Schonauer and Miss Lena Stoll, who was born in Aetna township, this county, March 9, 1861. Her parents, George and Margaretta Stoll, set- tled here when this was all wild prairie, and are now residents of Chester township. Of THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 393 tlie ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Sclionauer Uvo died in early childhood, and Amanda died Jai.uary i. 1900. at the age of eighteen years. Those living are George, Clara. Amelia, .\lbert. John, Obe- diah and Sally A., who are being educated in the common schools of East Lincoln township. Mr. Sclionauer has taken quite an active and prominent part in public affairs, but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking. He votes ior the men whom he believes best qualified for office. His fel- low citizens, recognizing his worth and abil- ity, elected him supervisor, and for several years he was an influential member of the county board, being chairman of the road and bridge committee and also the pauper committee, and was a member of the com- mittees on finance, poor farm and printing. He takes great interest in educational affairs, and has efficiently served as school director during his entire residence in East Lincoln township. Religiously he and his wife are members of Zion Lutheran church. Of a jovial disposition, he makes many friends and is held in high regard by all who know him. HARM KLOKKEX'GA. Harm Klokkenga, the owner of one hun- dred and sixty acres of good farming land on section 32, Orvil township, Logan county, Illinois, has lived in this county since 1873. He is a native of Germany, having been born in that country on March 3, 1 85 1, and is the son of Henry and Lizzie Klokkenga, both of whom are natives of Germany, where the father was a laborer all his life and where both he and his wife died. There were onlv two of the children of this familv who came to America, our subject and a brother Joest, the latter making the trip in 1881 and settling upon our subject's l^resent farm, where he lived a few years. He then removed to Cumberland county, Illinois, where he now lives and is engaged in farming. Our subject was marrietl in (ierniany ti:> Miss Mary Harms, and ten children have been born to them, namely: Henry, who married Martha Fink and resides on a farm in Orvil township: Harm, who married Katie Aper and lives in Orvil township; Albert, who resides at home; Xanke, at home: Lizzie, at home; Tina, wife nf Ru- dolph Kasebier, of Or\il township: .Vnnie. Allie. Mattie and Harry, all at home. In 1873 our subject and family came to America and landed in Xew York, whence thev came direct to Logan county, Illinois, where he worked for two years on a farm near Emden. He then settled on what is known as the old Carnahan farm, in Orvil township, where he lived for seven years, after which he leased a farm three miles south of Emden and lived there nine years and also held another lease in this township for five years. He then purchased his present farm on section 32, known as part of the old Betzelberger farm, where he now owns one hundred and sixty acres of excellent farming land. Mr. Klokkenga also is the owner of five acres of timber land in Emi- nence townshi]). this county. In politics he is a Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the German Lutheran church of Einden, this county. The farm owned by our subject is a fine one. He never has a failure of crops, and he and his sons conduct all the operations. The home of the family is a very comfortable one and they dispense a genial hospitality to all who become their guests. 394 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. DAVID X. CHESTNUT. David X. Chestnut, junior member of the prosperous firm of Stnmpf & Chestnut, hardware merchants, was born iii Prairie Creek township, Logan county. Ilhnois. :\Iarch 2;^, 1869. His father. Thomas J. Chestnut, was born in the Buckeye state, of whicli liis fatlier. Alexander R.. was also a natixe. Thomas J. Chestnut received a common school education, and under his father's able instruction and industrious ex- ample developed into a substantial and prac- tical farmer. He eventually settled in Prairie Creek township. Logan count)-, where he is one of the most prominent and helpful citizens of his locality and an agri- culturist of means and progressiveness. Having a keen appreciation of the advan- tages of a good education and business training, he placed every available advan- tage in the way of his son David, desiring him to become a permanent fixture of the commercial world and a careful, conserva- tive man of business. His education, which was begun in the common schools of Logan county, was later supplemented In- a course in the Lincoln Business College of Lincoln. Immediately afterward he returned to Xew Holland and was employed by L, Burchett, the confidence of whom he was not slow in gaining, and who was himself a sound busi- ness n-ian with the good sense to appreciafi the callable service of his enthusiastic assist- ant, Mr. Chestnut rapidly rose to a knowl- edge of the business, lived within his income and laid by sufficient money to enable him in 1893 to form the partnership which has since proved such a wise forethought and practi- cal proposition. The stock on hand con- sists of hardware, agricultural implements, wagons and luiggies, and contains all mod- ern and late devices f^r lal)or saving. .\si(le from being a successful firm and con- ducting a large and increasing business, the methods pursued are such as to command the fullest public confidence, and the genial atmosphere dominating the place are added inducements fnr a speedy return of pur- chasers. ]Mr. Chestnut is personally popu- lar with all classes in his district, and is promiiient in politics, being a member of the Republican party. -MARSHALL A. CRAXE. Marshall .V. Crane, a resident of section 8, township 17, range i. Lake Fork town- ship, Logan county, was born in Preston county. West Virginia, September 18, 1848, and is a son of Elisha and Mary Ann (Fike) Crane, both parents Ijeing at present resi- dents of Lincoln, Illinois, The father was born in the same county in 1826 and there grew to manhood and was married. In 1856 he and his wife moved to Elkhart, Illinois, but later located in Corwin township, Lo- gan county, in 1859, Here the family re- sided until about 1883, when removal was made to Lake Fork township, where the idea came to Mr. Crane of draining the lake and making fine farming land of this large tract. The more he considered it the more plausible the venture seemed, although he met many discouragements from his neighbors. Nevertheless he persisted, put in scrapers, dug out trees, introduced tiling, and by 1 89 1 he had proved that his idea was not only practicable but that it w^as accom- plished. The land comprised originally some one thousand acres, and at one time Mr. Crane owned son-ie two thousand acres, but he has retained only three hundred. Some complications arose b\- which he lost a MARSHALL A. CRANE. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 397 portion of his land, but he retained the lake, and that proved the restoration of his for- tune. At one time he owned, and kept for breeding purposes nearly two hundred cows and heifers and has fed l^etween three hun- dred and four hundred head ut steers for the market. He and his wife now li\e re- tired. While in Corwin township he was elected on the Republican ticket and held the office of supervisor for a number of years, serving as chairman of the board a part of the time. He and his wife are members of the Methddist E])iscopal church. Marshall A. Crane, of this biography, was educated first in the common schools of his district, but later enjoyed three years at the Wesleyan University, Blooniington, Illinois, -vfter his college days ended he returned to the old home, and is now the owner of two hundred and sixty-six acres of the original property, and has put in all of the improvements which make this one of the most vahiable farms of the township. He carries on general farming and stock raising and has one of the finely improved and most beautiful homes in the locality. In 1876 Mr. Crane was united in mar- riage to Miss Clara S. Poorman. of Will- iamsville, Sangamon county, who was a daughter of John M. and Martha Susan Poorman. and to this union four children have been born, namely: Flossie G., Jes- sie P., John P. and Smith. [Mr. Crane is an acti\-e member of the Republican party, but he is not in any sense an office seeker, though doing his civic duty at all times and taking a deep interest in all matters promising to be of benefit to his district. Pie is a leading member of . the ]^Iethodist church in Mount Pulaski, and is one of the representative citizens of Logan ■countv. BARXEV R. BEHREXDS. One of the most successful farmers of Logan county is Barney R. Uehrends. whose residence here dates from 18^)7. lie is now living in Orvil tcnvnship, where he has large landed interests and he is also connected with the business aflfairs of Hart.sburg as president of the bank there. He is a native of Hanover, Germany, born December 28, 1853, unto Klaas S. and Dina (Johnson) Behrends, both of whom were natives of Hanover, and came to the United States in i8f>4. settling in Morgan county. Illinois, where the father engaged in farming until 1867. He came to Logan county, establish- ing his home in Prairie Creek township, near San Jose, where he carried on agricultural pursuits for three years. On the expiration of that period he removed to a farm one-half miles west of Emden, and after three years went to ]\Iason county, Illinois, making his home nine miles northeast of Havana until he abandoned farming in 1890. He then re- moved to Pekin and after two years took up his abode in the village o.f Hartsburg, where both he and his wife are still living, being among the most highly respected citi- zens of the town. One child died in infan- cv and the other members of their family were: Barney R., of this sketch; (ieorge a farmer living in Mason county, Illinois ; Benjamin, who is living on the old home- stead in that county: Annie, the wife of Henry Leesman. a resident farmer of Harts- burg; Katie, wife of Hiram Leesman. of Mason county; Henry, a resident farmer of the same county; and Tony, a well known agriculturists of Mason cmmty. Mr. Behrends of this sketch spent the first ten years of his life in the fatherland and then accompanied his parents on their 398 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. emigration to the United States. He pur- sued liis education in the pubHc schools of both countries and remained at home with his father until his marriage, which »\.:is celebrated in 1875. ]Miss Maggie Feddinga becoming his wife. She was born in Ger- many and her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Klaas Feddinga, never left their native Hanover. ;Mrs. Behrends was called to her final rest July 3, 1898. leaving five children, namely: Klaas, John, Jurn, Annie and Barney. Mr. Behrends was again married, in. 1900, his second union being with Miss Jennie Groen. of Pekin, Illinois, a daughter of Richard Groen, who is now engaged in l)lacksmith- ing in Pekin. There is one child by this marriage, Althea Tillie. Mr. Behrends began his domestic life on the Scully land on section 14, Orvil town- ship, where he leased eighty acres, contin- uing its cultivation for seven years. He then remoxed to section 2^ — a tract of one hundred and sixty acres of the Scully land. and there he made his home for six years after which he removed to his present farm. Here he purchased one hundred and sixty acres known as the old Bruner farm, and with characteristic energy he began its de- velopment and improvement. As the years have passed he has added to the property and he now has here three hundred and fifty acres of land, all of which is in Orvil town- ship. He carries on general farming and has a valuable place, the carefully cultivated fields yielding him golden harvests which year after year enable him to add to his capital. He is also president of the Bank of Hartsburg, which is recognized as a re- liable financial institution and is already re- ceiving a good patronage. In 1880 ^Ir. Behrends introduced the first steam power threshing machine in the township and still owns a machine which is now operated by his sons. In 1900 the farmers of Lone Tree School District established a telephone com- pany under the name of the Lone Tree Tele- phone Company with connection at Harts- burg with the Mutual Company. In his political views Mr. Behrends was formerly a Democrat but is now a Republi- can, and he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has &er\ed as road commissioner in his town- ship for six years, and for thirteen years was school director, rendering effective sev- \ :ce in behalf of the cause of education. Both he and his wife are members of the German Reformed church of Pekin, and are people of the highest worth, their many excellent tr:iiis of heart and mind gaining for them unciualifield respect. \\'hatever success Mr. Behrends has achieved is attributed to his Lwn efforts and the example should serve as a source of encouragement and inspira- tion to the young, showing what can be ac- complished through strong purpose and hon- oraljle methods. PROF. HERBERT ORAL MERRY. Professor Herbert Oral :\Ierry. instruct- or in violin and orchestral music at Lincoln University, was born in Farmer City. De- \\'itt county, Illinois, January 7, 1872. and is a son of Ralph W. and Polly R. ( Farr) Merry, both of whom are natives of Can- ada, the former born in 1838. and the latter in 1844. By trade the father is a blacksmith and followed that occupation a number of vears. In 1887 he removed with his family to Lincoln, and here he and his wife still reside. Professor Merry attended the public schools of Deland until he was fifteen years THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 399 of age. when he came with his parents to Lincoln, after which he spent ti\e years in the schools here, graduating from the high school in class ni 189J. He had previously hegun the study of the vionin, taking lessons of a local teacher at the age of eleven. In 1887 he entered the musical department of the Lincoln Universiay, where he took near- ly two years' work under Professor Eckert. a graduate of Berlin University, who was at that time teacher of piano and violin in the college. Later he studied under Professor Cheeseman and Hersey. the latter of whom was a graduate of the Royal Conservatory at Leipsic, Germany, and was at that time teacher of violin at the Illinois Wesleyan University. Bloomington. where Professor Merry was graduated in 1892, after which he continued his study there till 1893. In 1890 he commenced teaching music, having classes at Elkhart, Williamsville and Lincoln. In 1895 he was chosen violin teacher in Lincoln University by its board of trustees, and has filled that position to their entire satisfaction ever since. Besides being an accomplished violinist, he is also an efficient hand man and director. Un- der his care his department of the college of music has been materially built up. and at present has a very important place in the university, both the band and orchestra be- ing connected with it. Professor Merry has composed a number of pieces for band and orchestra, but has never published them. On the 26th of December. 1894. he was united in marriage with Miss Maude Tandy, of Lincoln, who was horn in Carrollton, Greene county. Illinois, in 1874. and is a daughter of Walter S. and Julia (Freer) Tandy, also natives of this state. By this union there have been born three children, namely: Thelma P.. Paul. an_\- hirtli. and enii- gratetl to the I'nited States when yuung. His wife Ijore tlie maiden name of Hannah Bailey. The maternal grandfather nf cmr subject was Jonathan W'oodgate, who was born in Virginia and at an early day re- moved to Kentucky. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. The public sch.iols of Lexington, Ken- tucky, afforded our subject his early edu- cational advantages. After leaving school he learned the carpenter's trade and was eni- pioved in the constructidU of plantation Iiouses first as a journexnian and later as a contractor, in iS(i4 he came tn Illinois. and li\-ed for a time in Lincoln and later in Mason City. Subse(|uently he spent twn years at Springfield. IMis.souri, where he erected a hotel and business block and also built a hotel in Pierce City, that state. He erected three large buildings in Xeosha, the county seat of Xewton cnunty, Mis- souri, and was the architect for the court house at Bentonx'ille. Arkansas, in 1871. The f(jllowing two years were spent in Shelby county, Kentucky, and one summer was passed at Bedford, Iowa. In 1876 Mr. Ritter returned to Lincoln and liecame connected with the Illinois .\sy- lum for Feeble Minded Children, having charge oi all the machinery and the repair- ing of all the buildings. In 1897 he erected a barn upon the farm, which was blown down in a storm, killing si.\ of the boys who had sought shelter there. Mr. Ritter was in the em])l(w of the institution while it was under the management of Dr. Wilbur for ten years: Dr. W. I!. ImnIi, sexeral years; Dr, Miller. ..f Lincoln, tw.. years: and Dr. J. W. Smith, till .\i)ril, 18(^7, the last named lia\-ing been appointed superintendent by ( io\ernor 'J'anner. Since severing his c<.in- nection with the asylum in J 897, oiu" sub- ject has devoted liis attention to horticulture, and is now doing a successful business as a llorist. He has erecteil large green houses, having ten thousand feet of glass, and deals in both cut ilowers and plants, his wife hav- ing charge of their sale. In 1859 Mr. Ritter married :\Iiss Eliza- beth Richardson, a native of Spencer coi^nty, Kentuck}-, and a daughter of I'eter and Rose ( Mc.Mlister) Richardson, who were also born in Kentucky. Eight children bless this union, namely: Fanny, at home; Monroe J., a resident of Lincoln; Nora, wife of Ju- lius Goldsmith, of Chicago; Edward E., a contractor and builder of Lincoln; Rosa, who as a comjiositor is engaged in maga- zine work in Chicago; Maud, wife of Rob- ert Dana, of Linc, 1832, and came when a small Ixn- with his parents to Illinois. His preliminary education was olitained from the countr_\- sclnuils, and be- ing of an industrious nature he spent his evenings studying history and other good books which would help to de\'elop his mind. He remained on the farm with his father un- til he was thirty-three years of age. and in the spring of 1865 he engaged in the same occupation for himself in Eminence town- ship, where he has since remainetl. Our subject's farm consists of one hun- dred and twenty acres of highly improved land, and is five and one-half miles froin Atlanta, where he is spending his declining years. On August 9, 1862, he proved his pa.- triotism by enlisting in Company F. One Hundred and Sixtieth Illinois \'olunteer Infantry. For three years he experienced the hardships of a soldier and was honorably dis- charged August 6, 1865. On December 16, 1858. Mr. Coffman led to the marriage altar Miss Margaret Dos- baugh, whose parents were originally from Prussia. This union resulted in the Ijirth of five children, namely: Sarah A., born October 28, 1859, is the wife of B. F. Fisher, who is a well-to-do farmer of McLean coun- ty; John F. was born May 2, 1861 : .\. C. was born July 15, 1866; Robert was born jMarch 26, 1876; and Laura B. was born March 2, 1883. The mother of these chil- dren was of a highly respected Prussian fam- ily, and was well thought of by all who knew her. She was born in Xovember, 1827, and died in May. 1900, and her re- mains were interred in Oklahoma. Mr. Coft'man and three of his children are sincere members of the Christian church, as was also his wife. Politically he is a sup- porter of the Democratic ticket. After a pure, honorable and useful life, actu- ated by unselfish moti\es. prompted by patriotism and guided liy truth and justice, Mr. Coffman well deserves the high regard in which he is uniformly held by his fellow citizens. The name "Coffman" is well known throughout the county and our subject is noted for his kind and pleasing manner. REV. a\"illia:\i .m. :\iurray. Rev. \\'illiam M. Murray is the present pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian church at De Witt, Illinois, but makes his home in Beason, Logan county, where he is successfully engaged in business as a dealer in buggies, farm implements, etc. He was born on the ist of June. 1844. in Bond county. Illinois, and is a S(_in of William and Amanda J. (Harris) ISIurray. the former a nati\-e of Virginia, the latter of Kentucky. The mother died in Illinois. Our subject's grandfather, ^Morgan ]\Iurray. made his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 409 liomc in t!ie Old Duminion. wlicre lie died on his reluni tmin the RevMlutii>nary war fmni wounds received in the ser\ice. Mr. Murray (if this re\iew ac(|uired hut a limited educatimi in the schmils ck attended her first school. From there Mr. Artnold moved t>' Alton and still later to the southerii part of Wisconsin. From there he* went to Califor- nia and his children returned to Atlanta. He remained in California about fifteen years and on his return east he made his home with his children the balance of his life, dying at the home of his son William in the village of [McLean. By IMrs. Brock's first mar- riage to Mr. Robinson she became the mother of three children, namely: Henry A.; Mary A., now Mrs. John Oldaker: and George L. Mr. Robinson was a cooper by trade and they spent most of their married life in Atlanta. He died in 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Brock ar)e the parents of five children, namely : Hannah, who died at the age of three years : Maud, an accom- plished young lady and a pianist of excep- tional ability, who pa'ssed away in Decem- ber, 1893. at the age of twenty-four: two, who died in infancy: and William F., the only remaining child, who is also a fine mu- sician. Mr. Brock has been identified with pub- lic aflfairs as road commissioner in his town- ship and school director, holding the latter office a numbei' of years. Politically he is a strong Democrat. He is not only a kind and indulgent father, but is noted for his generositv. and at all times is readv to as- sist any enterprise having for its object the good of the community in which he lias so long made his liome. His upright course in life commands the respect of all, and iiis la- bors as one of the founders of the covmty justly entitles him to a prominent jilacc in its liistorv. S. J. WOLAXD. For fifteen years a well known and prom- inent practitioner at the bar of Lincoln and now a representative farmer and stock-raiser of Logan county, Mr. Woland well deserves mention in this volume. Perhaps every state in the Union has furnished its quota of citi- zens to Illinois, and from Pennsylvania comes the subject of this review, who was born in Lycoming county, that state, Feb- ruary 19. 1843. His parents. Solomon and Catherine (Radel) Woland, were also na- tives of the same county and there the father resided until he removed westward witli his family, first taking up his akxle in Indiana, where he remained for a short time. In 1855 he located in Bloomingdale, Logan county, Illinois, where he remained until the autumn of that year, when he went to Orndorflf Mills, \\here he engaged in farming until 1856-- the year of his removal to section 23, Orvil township. Upon the farm which he there de\eloped and improved he made his home throughout his remaining days. He pur- cliased the land at twelve and fourteen dol- lars per acre, but it is now very valuable. His wife died ]\Iarch 22. 1880, and his deatli (Kcurred February 14. 1886. They liatl six children: Louisa, the widow nf |t)sep!i Hilcher and a resident of Lincoln: Adelia, who married Arpiilla Breech, but both are now deceased: Catherine, who died in Penn- sylvania; Emanuel, who died in Hartsbursr THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. September 25, 1891 ; Susan, who resides with her sister in Lincoln; and Solomon J- In the public schools of Illinois S. J. ^\'oland acquired his preliminary education, which was supplemented by study in the Eureka College, of Eureka, Illinois. Think- ing to enter professional life, he took up the study of law with Colonel Lynch, of Lincoln, as his preceptor. At length admitted to thv"- bar, he began practice in Lincoln, where he remained for fifteen years and his knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence, his careful preparation of cases and his skill in argument won him a leading ix)sition among the mem- bers of the legal fraternity. He found the profession congenial and his work profitable, but on account of ill health he was obliged to abandon the law and took up his abode on his present farm, believing that the out-door life would prove beneficial. He now owns two hundred and fifty-five acres of land and carries on general farming, his land being imder a high state of cultivation and im- prcn ed with all modern accessories and con- veniences. Fields of waving grain, fine stocV: and tiie air of neatness and thrift which pre- vades the place all indicate his careful super- vision and his progressive spirit. Mr. Woland was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Hall, of \\'oodford county. Illi- nois, a daughter of Timothy Hall, who is conducting a feed yard in Lincoln. They have two children. Frank R. and ]\Iaude M. i\Ir. Woland is now serving as school di- rector and has been thus officially connected with the management of the schools for some time. A\'hile practicing law he served for two terms as prosecuting attorney. So- cially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias lodge in Lincoln, while in religious belief his wife is a Baptist, belonging to the church of that denomination at tlie county seat. He has ever been a loyal and public- spirited citizen, and during the Civil war gave evidence of his patriotic spirit by en- listing in the spring of 1864 as a member of Company D, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry, under Captain Church and Colonel Lackey, the latter of Bloomington. The company participated in an engagement against Price, at Raleigh, Missouri, and there our subject was taken ill, remaining in the hospital for six weeks. He then re- turned to the company, which was not again engaged in active battle but did some skir- mishing with the bushwhackers. He was discharged at Springfield, Illinois, in Sep- tember, 1865, and then returned home. He now belongs to Leo ^^lyers Post. Xo. 182. G. .\. R., of Lincoln. He yet gives some slight attention ti> law business, but devotes the major part of his time to farming. Long a resident of the county, he is widely known and the fact that those who have known him from boyhood are numbered among his stanchest friends is immistakably evidence that his life has ever been upright and worthv of high regard. EDWARD L. ^lOUXTJOY. This well-kncwn and energetic farmer of Eminence township is one of Logan coun- ty's native sons, his entire life having been passed upon his present farm. He has made his special field of industry a success, and is highly respected and esteemed by those who know him best. William Mountjoy. the father of our sub- ject, was born in Kentucky June 29, 1S22. and was a son vi Xed Mcuntjoy, who was commonly known by his many friends as Lncle Xeddie. The latter came to Logan county, Illinois, in 1834. and as a blacksmith THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. successfully engaged in business here for many years, being able to give all his chil- dren a good start in life. Politically he was originally a Whig, but after Iiearinq- Abra- ham Lincoln address an audience he l>ecanie a strong Republican, and atlfiliated with that party up to the time of his death. The father of our subject was a lad of fourteen years when the family came to this county. After reaching manhood he en- gaged in farming. In 1878-9 he and an elder half-brother conducted a store in Ar- mington. Tazewell county, two years, and from there removed to Eminence township. Logan county, where he followed farming throughout the remainder of his life, dying there April 9. 1894. He was rather a stern man, noted for his sound judgment and good business ability, and he handsomely pro- vided for his entire family prior to his death. He was twice married, his first wife being Miss Sina V. Thompson, who died Sep- tember 26, i860, and 1)\- that union there were born eight children. He was again married, to ]\Iiss Elvina Thompson, who was born in Logan county in 1834, and was one of a family of three children. Her father was David Thompson, a farmer by occupa- tion. ^Irs. Mountjoy died i:>n the old home- stead where our subject now resides March 10, 1898. She was the mother of one child. Edward L., of this review. Mr. ^lountjoy. our subject, was born July -'7. 1863. on the old homestead, on sec- ti'^ii 35- Eminence township, where he now lives, and acquired his education in the dis- trict school of the neighborhood and the higher schools at Atlanta. During his minority he gave his father the benefit of his labors upon the home farm, and at the age of twenty-one commenced operating the farm on his own account. He has since made numerous improvements, which aild greatly to the value and attractive appear- ance of the place. It consists of three hun- dred and sixty-one acres of the best farm- ing land in i'.minence town.ship, and under the skillful nian;igement of our subject yields bountiful harvests in return for the care and labor bestowed upon it. On the 1st of January, 1884, Mr. Mount- jov married Miss Laura I. Atteberry. a daughter of John .\. Atteberry. of Camixiign county. Illinois, and they now have four children : Xellie M.. born Eel)ruary 27. iS8(.: John W., horn February 12. 1888; Clintini L.. born .\pril 14. 1890; and Hazel B.. born June 16. 1900. The family are con- nected with the Christian church, and Mr. ^lountjoy is also a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows and the Mod- ern Woodmen of America. His i)olitical support is always given the men and meas- ures of the Repul)lican party, but he has never sought political honors, jireferring to give his undivided attention to his farming interests. HARTMAX STUMPF. One of the representative business firms of Xew Holland is that of Stumpf & Che.-^- nut. who conduct a large general hardware business, and who. by their correct and up- to-date financial methods and unremitting tact and desire to please. ha\e won the con- fidence of the general public and a foremost ])lace in the commiuiit}'. The i)artnership between Hartman Stumpf antl Da\id .\'. ChestmU was consummated in 1893. ^""^' '^-^^ been amicably continued ever since. The firm carry a c( niplete line of hardware, farm implements, buggies and wagons, and gen- eral necessities along this line, their goods being strictly first class and selected with due THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. regard to the best interests of patrons and of general business integrity. The family of which Mr. Stumpf is a member are of German birth and ancestry, his father, Gottleib Stumpf, having been born in Germany, Avhere he was reared and educated. He came to America in 1842 and located in Ohio, where he farmed success- fully untd his removal to Sheridan township, Logan county, Illinois, in 1865. In Illinois he repeated his former success at stock-rais- ing, and at his death, in the fall of 1865, had not onlv attained to an honored place in the community but had as well accumulated a fair showing of worldly possessions. His wife, Alary D. (Hoffman) Stumpf, was the mother of six children, of whr.m two only sur\-i\-e. After the father's death the family re- moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where the son, Hartman, who was born in Ohio. Alay 25, 1854, assisted to the Ijest of his ability in the support of the family. Having received a g(jod education in the public schools of Ohio, as well as a fine agricultural training upon liis father's farm in the same state, he was well equipped for whatever the future might hold. LTpon attaining to manhood he left Lafayette and returned to New Holland. \\'here he worked on farms for some months, subsequently settling in the town, where his services were in demand by James R\-an, who conducted a hardware business. Dur- ing tlie sexeral years sj^ent with this firm he gained a wide experience and knowledge of every phase of the hardware business,, and started in business with Mr. Chesnut with justifiably bright hopes for the future. I'he marriage of Mr. Stumpf and Miss Alice }il(iwen (X-curred February 7. 1899. and of this union there is one child, Cath- erine ?il.. who was born February 10, 1901. The famih- are members of the Catholic church, and ^Mr. Stumpf affiliates with the Republican party. He is fraternally a Woodman of the World. HENNIXG H. NOTTELMAXN. Prominent among the representative and substantial business men of Latham is Henning H. Nottelmann, a dealer in all kinds of lumber, sash, doors, blinds, lath, shingles, ])aints and oils. He was born in Xiantic. Illinois, on the 12th of October, 1S76, and is of German descent. His fa- ther, Hermann Xxittelmann, was born in Meklorf, Germany, October 28, 1840, and was reared and educated in his native land, where he also served an apprenticeship in the general mercantile business. On com- ing to the United States in 1864, he first located in Chicago, where he was employed as clerk in the store of Charles Gossage & Cm Henning H. is fifth in order of birth. Our subject grew to manhood in Xi- antic. and received the regulation common school education. Ijeing graduated from the public schools of that place. At the age of eighteen he accepted a position as book- keeper in a planing mill in Chicago, where he remained about two years and a half. He was next connected with a grain house at Tuscola, Illinois, and while not a mem- ber of the firm had the greater part of the business to attend to. After a year in this connection he removed to Latham in 1899, and in partnership with his father purchased the lumber yard located there. Since tak- ing control of the business he has erected better and more extensive shedding, and in other ways has enlarged his facilities until he has made it a flourishing concern. He is a wide-awake, energetic young l)usiness man. and bids fair to occupy a prominent position in commercial circles. On the 25th of September, 190 1, Mr. Xottelman was united in marriage with :Miss Delia M. Gulp, of Warren.sburg. Illi- nois. She is a native of Macon county, and a daughter of Henry S. and .\lice ( Stine- baugh ) Gulp, who were born in Ohio, and are now li\ing upon a farm in Macsition of precentor in the Sta/.e Street Presbyterian church of Albany. Xew York, and later was director of music in the Sara- toga Springs public schools for three years. Further study of a special character was pursued under Alberto Laurence, a well- known opera baritone of Xew York ; under \Villiam Courtney, that mdst successful, genial oratio singing teacher, who had been a pupil of \'annucini. Florence, Italy; and under Kelso, and ^Villiam H. Sherwood, the great pianist. .\fter spending three years at Utica. Xew York, Professor Thompson accepted the position of director of music in the Kan- sas State Xormal. and later spent one year in the Ladies College of Xorfolk. In 1892 he and his wife went to England, and de- ^•oted a year to special study in London un- der such men as Sims Reeves, of the Guild- hall School of Music, — that most notable of great tenor artists, who studied under Bordogni in Paris and ^lazzucato in ^lilan, Italy, and was a contemporary of the great tenors. ^Mario and Brignoli. Professor Thompson also studied fugue and counter- point under Dr. Francis E. Gladstone, cf the Royal College of Music, London. On their return to the United States he and his wife were engaged for the Ci^rtland, Xew York, festival in conjunction with such THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 41^ artists as Clementine de Vere-Sapi<>. Will- iam Rieger and Maud Rnvell. the famous violinist. Professor Thompson has given recitals or sung in almost all of the imjxirt- ant cities in New York state, including New York city. In January. 1894. he again lo- cated in Utica, where he was connected with the Utica School of Music and the Oneida Conservatory. For two years he was solo baritone and director, of the First Presby- terian church choir of Utica. and held a high priced contract to supply a quartette and organist i'->r that church. He was also hon- ored by the Xew York State Music Teach- ers Association by being appointed vice- president for Oneida county. Professor Thompson has been a contril)- utor on musical subjects to Werner's \'oice Magazine of Xew York, and made a number of translations for the same. While in Lon- don he was a regular correspondent of that magazine. He has also contributed to the New York Musical Courier and the '"Music" magazine of Chicago. He has had a num- ber of comixjsitions jjublished and has many more in manuscript. Among his publishers are Oliver Ditson. The American Choir. John Church Company and Breitkopf & Haertell, of Leipsic and Xew York. At the commencement exercises of Lincoln Uni- versity in June. 1901. Professor Thompson produced an oratorio entitled "Lazarus " with orchestra, organ and piano accompani- ment and chorus under his own direction, which met with the highest commendation from the press and musical circles of Lin- coln. In 1S97 Professor Thompson came to Lincoln. Illinois, as director of music in Lin- coln University as it was then known, and is still filling that position. In teaching the art of singing and. voice production he uses manv well autheirticated exercises of the historic old Italian school, as well as those of the modern school, called sometimes the school of Rossini, and a series of exercises set to words, composed by himself, in which he embodies the principles learned from the above mentioned famous teachers and in his own scientific research. He teaches piano, harmony, voice culture and artistic singing. Since coming to Lincoln the Professor and his wife have given their entertainment. "Sparks." in Lincoln. Mattoon and Danville, Illinois; Princeton, Indiana; and George- town and Utica. Xew York, where the press bestowed upon them the highest compli- ments. Professor and Mrs. Thompson are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Linc( In. of which he is chorister. MRS. CLARA D. THOMPSOX. Mrs. Clara D. Thompson, wife of Pro- fessor A. S. Thompson, whose sketch ap- pears above, was born September 25. 1866. in Charles City. Iowa, but spent most of her girlhood in central Xew York, her education being acquired in the public schools and at Cazenovia Seminary. Cazenovia. X'ew York, where she was graduated. While attending school there she gave special attention to the study of organ, voice and piano. At first it was her intention to make a specialty of organ playing, but her voice developed so magnificently that she was offered an ex- cellent iK)sition as solo soprano in the Uni- versity Avenue Methodist Episcopal church at Syracuse, Xew York, and meeting with success she continued as a vocalist. She pur- sued her vocal studies under leading teach- ers in both Syracuse and Utica. and sang frequently in the towns and cities of central Xew Vork. After singing two years in 420 THE RTOGRArHICAL RECORD. Syracuse she was offered a fine position in the Dutch Reformed church of Utica. wliere she was singing at the time of her marriage. Resigning her position in tliat city. I\Irs. Thompson went with her luisband to Kan- sas and became v.iral in>tructor in tlic Kan- sas State Normal Sclicnl. While there she sang in the Congregationial church of Em- poria. Later she was solo soprano in the Freemason Street Methodist Episcopal church of Norfolk, \irginia, and was music- al instructor in the Ladies iHllege i.f that city for line year. . ('.ding abmad she studied one year in London at the Guildhall Schoni of ]Music under the greaj: and renowned artist, Sims Reeves, wdio desire her to re- main in England to sing, oratorio. On returning to this country Airs. Thompson sang with great success at the Cortland. New York. Alusical Festi\-al in Rheinberger's "Clarice of Eberstein" with Madame Clementine de Vere-Sapio. She also sang in New York and other ])rincipal cities of that state. For almost four years she was solo singer in the First Presbyterian church of L^tica, and was vocal teacher at Houghton Seminary. Clintnn, New York, for several years resigning that position to come to Lincoln, Illinois, as instructor in vocal music in the Lincoln University. ]\Irs. Thompson serves as organist and chorister in Trinity Episcopal church of Lincoln and is also at the head of the musical department of the Lincoln Woman's Club. She was a great fa\-orite in tlie summer concerts given at the Earlington. Ritclifield Springs. New- York. In their chosen lines of work it is con- ceded Vw every one who is in a position to judge that both Professor and Mrs. Thomp- son are without superiors and indeed few equals in this section of the country. At every place wdiere their work has been seen they have received high commendation from persons competent to judge such matters. JOHN I. MOUNTJOY. John I. Alountjoy. a worth}- representa- ti\e of one of the wealthiest and most hon- oretl families of Eminence tow-nship. was born Fel)ruary lo, 1S53. near his present farm on section 35, that townshij), his par- ents lieing William and Sina \'. ( Thompson Alountjoy, who had ten children. After the death of the mother, which occurred Sep- temlier 26, i860, the father married Miss I-dvina Thompson, b}- whom he had one son. William Alountjov was born in Kentucky June jg. 1S22. and at an early age came to Logan county, Illinois, his home being on sectimi 35, imminence township, for many \'ears. The greater part of his life was de- \-oted to farming, though at one time he w-as engaged in mercantile business in Arming- ton for two years. He met with excellent success in his undertakings and acquired a large estate. To the commcn schools of this county John I. Alountjon the place are in good condition, while the land is under a high state of cul- tivation. In 1 86 1 Mr. Lachenmyer married Miss Lena Renschler, who was also born in W'urtemljerg, Germany, and came with her parents to Logan county, Illinois, about the same time as Mr. Lachenmyer. Ten chil- dren ha\'e been born to them, namel\' : John J.. Jr.. now a resident of Santa Monica, Cal- ifornia: George, of this county; Rose, wife of Fred Bock, of David City, Nebraska : Car- rie, who died in ilarch. 1900, at the age of thirty-one years; Margaret, wife of John Damarin, of Lincoln : and Lena. William. Anna. Adam and Charles, all five of wliom are at home. Since becoming a naturalized citizen ^Ir. Lachenmyer has been a strong Democrat, and has always supported the candidates of that party. Religiously he and his fiunily are memljers of St. John's Lutheran chur.:ii of Lincoln, in which he has served as deacon f < r alxiut thirty years. On coming to this country he was in limited circumstances, and through his own well-directed efforts and the assistance of his estimable wife he has secured the prosperity which they now THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. enjoy. Their home is noted for its hos- pitaHty and good cheer, their many friends always being sure of a hearty welcome with- in its doors. JOHX H. ROBERTS. For over sixty years John H. Roberts has been an honored resident of Logan county, and is now living a retired life in ]Mt. Pulaski. Following in the footsteps of his patriotic ancestors, he fought three years in the war of the Rebellion, and participated in a number of important engagements. He was born on the 5th of Fbruary. 1830, in Lee countv, Virginia, of whicii state his par- €nts, Philip and Ellen (Silvers) Roberts, were also natives. The mother was born "i Bedford county, Virginia, in 1799, and was a daughter of Aaron and Sarah ( Sowders") Silvers. Both the paternal ami the maternal grandfathers of our subject were soldiers of the Revolutionar\- war and the father fought for American rights and liberties in the war of 1812. In Xnvember, 1S33, the lat- ter moved with his faniily from \'ir- ginia to Illinois, and first settled in Me- nard ciiunty, but in 1840 came to Lo- gan county, and located on Salt Creek, live miles nordi of Mt. Pulaski, where he built a house of round logs, sixteen li\- twentv feet in dimensions, with a mud and stick chimney and puncheon floor. The cracks between the logs which fonned the walls were daubed with mud and prairie grass. The father was not long permitteiT to enjo_\- his new home, as he died in what is now Aetna township in August, 1841, but the mother long survived him and passed awav in Chester township in 1875. In the family of this worthy couple were nine chil- dren, four sons and five daughters, namely: Sarah Ann, deceased wife of Pilman Clark : Susan, wife of Henry M. Clark, of Oregon ; George, of Rockwell City, Iowa : ]\Iary Jane, widow of J. V. Town and a resident of Cal- lioun county, Nebraska; John H., our sub- ject; Eliza, deceased wife of Isaac Miller, of Chester township; Charles and Elizabeth, twins, the former a resident of Mt. Pulaski, the latter the wife of J. E. Downing, of Rockwell City.Towa; and Reyburn \\'.. who served through the Civil war with our sub- ject, and died in August, 1892. John H. Roberts was only three years old when the family came to this state, and amid scenes familiar to pioneer life he grew to manhood. He was reared as most farmer boys in those days, and began his education in a log school house on Salt creek, his first teacher being David Alilford, and the second ' D. P. Bunn, a Universalist preacher, under whose instruction he studied for three months. Feeling that his country need his serv- ices during the dark days of the Civil war, Mr. Roberts enlisted in August, 1862, ivi Compan\- D, One Hundred and Sixth Illi- nois \'olunteer Infantry, Colonel R. B. Latham commanding the regiment. They were first sent to Jackson, Tennessee, and in the spring of 1863 took part in the engage- ment at Bolivar, that state. Later they were in the siege of Vicksburg until the sur- render of that stronghold on the 4th 01 July, and then proceeded to Jackson, IMis- sissippi, but returnetl to \'icksburg on the 31st of July, 1863. While there Mr. Roberts received a sunstroke which disabled him for some time and he was granted a short fur- lough, which he spent at home, but he later rejoined his regiment at Little Rock, Ar- kansas, and remained at the front until the cessation of hostilities. He was honorably discharged in August, 1865, and was paid off at Springfield, Illinois. THE. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. After his return lionie Mr. Roberts was engaged in farming in Cliester township im til 1887. when he removed to Mt. Pulaski, and has since lived a retired life, in .Seji- temlier. 18^)5. he married Miss Mattie L. Roberts, of Tennessee, where he met her during the war. She died in Mt. Pulaski July 10, 1892, and for his second wife he wedded Miss Delilah J. Peterson, who was born on Salt creek in Aetna township, this county, and was educated in the ^It. Pulaski high school, where she was graduated in 1894. Her parents were Benjamin and Elizabeth (Voorhees) Peterson. Of the three children born to our subject and his second wife, one died in infancy. Tliose living are Ruth and Paul R. . For the past eighteen \ears ]\lr. Roberts has been totally blind, but with that excep- tion he enjoys good health. He is a mem- ber of Sam Walker Post. Xo. 205. G. A. R., and is a man highly respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He is a Republican, and both he and his wife are members of the Christian church. ALLEX OLTSEXBERRY. Prominent among the prosperous and substantial citizens of Eminence township i- Allen Ouisenberry. who belongs to a very old and honored family of this section of the state. He was born in Kentucky October 19, 1823, and spent the first twelve years of his life in his native state. His father, Edward S. Ouisenberry. was a native of Virginia, liorn May 12. 1786, and there grew to man- hood and married Polly Thealkill, who died in Christian county. Kentucky, leaving four- teen children. He subsequently married ;Miss Lucv .\. Claxton, who was born in Virginia and died in Logan county. By this union ti\e children were horn, making him the tatlier cf nineteen, whom he reared to man and Wdmanhood. and of this number eight are still li\ ing. In 18,^5 he came to Illinois, and located in what is now Taze- well county. Later he took up his residence in Eminence township, Logan county, and here spent the remainder of his life, dying in 1864. He was very successful in busi- ness, and became the owner of two thousand acres of land, being able to leave each of his children a c|uarter-section at the time of his death. Religiously he was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and was a man highly respected and estecmeil by all who knew him. At the age of twelve years Allen Ouisen- berry accompanied his parents on their emi- gration to Illinois, traveling the entire dis- tance of fi ur hundred miles without even seeing a bridge, being obliged to ford all rivers and creeks. Our subject and a brother drove two cows the entire distance. They made all possible haste, their father having told them that the country was infested by wolves. The other members of the family traveled in coxered wagons. Arriving in Tazewell county, Allen Ouisenberry com- pleted his education in a log school house at Hittles Grove, and remained at home as- sisting in the work of the farm until his mar- riage. Since then he has engaged in farm- ing on his own account, and so successful has he lieen that he is now the owner of seven hundred acres of valuable land in Emi- nence township, on which he has erected good and substantial buildings that stand as monuments to his thrift and enteri>rise. On December 2^,. 1842. Mr. Ouisenberry was iniited in marriage with Miss Elizabeth ihirt. the ceremony Ijeing performed at Hit- tie's (jnne. Her father was William I'urt, 424 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one of Tazewell county's most distinguished citizens. He was a native of Kentucky, and in 1827 he came to Tazewell county, which at that time was mainly noted for the ter- rible encounters between the earlv settlers and the Indians, who. were then far more numerous than the white inhabitants. The postage on a letter at that time was twent\- five cents, and the early settlers were forced to endure many hardships and privations. To Mr. and ]\Irs. Ouisenberry were born three children, two of whom are still living, namely: John W'.. a resident of Tazewell county ; and China M., nuw the wife of Will- iam F. Albright, a merchant of Chicago. The wife and UKither, who was a most esti- mable woman, died in Eminence township April 20, 1897. Mr. Ouisenberry was again married, in April. 1898. his second union being with Mrs. H. Martlin, a resident of southern Indiana, and a daughter of a ]\Ir. Dixon, ilr. Ouisenberry is living with his wife and step-children on the old home farm in Eminence township, though he has prac- tically retired from active labor, leaving the work of the farm to younger hands. He and his family are members of the Christian church, and politically he is identified with the Republican party. Wherever known he is held in high regard and as an honored pio- neer and highly respected citizen he is cer- tainly deserving of honorable mention in the history of his adopted county. A. J. PEASE. A. J. Pease, one of the prosperous and highly respected farmers of section 13, Lake Fork township, located near Latham, was liorn in Sangamon county. Illinois, July 20, 1854, and is the son of Shaw and Amanda (Pettis) Pease. The grandpar- ents of our subject were evidently among the very early pioneers of Sangamon coun- ty, and 6haw jPease, the father, was born in that county, where he became quite active in politics, serving one term in the legislature, having been elected on the Re- publican ticket. He died there at about sixty-five years of age. The family is of \\'elsh lineage, the great-grandfather Pease having come from A\'ales. \Mien our subject was about twelve }ears of age his parents settled on a farm near where he now resides, and here the young boy was reared to agricultural life and attended the common schools. He re- mained upon the homestead until he ^\•as married, in ]\Iacon county, near Xiantic, February 27, 1878, to iliss Frederika Bruce, whose home was in that county, but who had been born in Germany, near Kiel, and had come to America with her mother and brother when yet a little girl. To ]Mr. and MrG. Pease have been born five children, namely: Ella F., who died at the age of three years; Mrs. Edith Ervin, of Macon county; and Louis, Frank and Bertha, of whom the last three are residing at home. For a iew years after his marriage Mr. Pease rented land, but soon his industry and thrift made it possible for him to purchase one hundred acres of wild land. This property he has brought into a fine state of cultivation, and in addition he leases two hundred and twenty acres, thus operating one-half a section, giving his attention to farming, stock raising and feeding. The house, barn and buildings are all in excel- lent condition and his farm is well kept up in exevy particular. In politics Mr. Pease has always been a Republican, and has taken an active inter- est in local politics. For several years he A. J. PEASE. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 427 has served as a memljer of the Republican county central committee, including both McKinley campaigns, and in a townshiji that is strongly Democratic he was elected supervisor in 1899 and served two years, during which time he was on the committee on roads and bridges, serving as the chair- man for one year, and was also on the finance committee, as well as other commit- tees. In 1 90 1 he was again nominated and beaten by only four votes, which was re- markable considering the strong Demo- cratic majority in'the township. He served as school trustee for about twelve years and has since been director for the past six or eight years. Mr. Pease and his family are active members of the Christian church at Xi- antic. and are highly respected in that de- nomination. Socially our subject was made a member of Latham Ltidge. Xo. 853. A. F. & A. M.. in 1899. and he also holds membership in several other organizations. He is a pleasant, genial man. very popular and influential throughout the township. By his many excellent qualities he has made liimself well-liked in the community, and his success in life is well deserved. KDWIX S. LIXBARGER. Edwin S. Linbarger is conductring a hotel and livery stable at San Jose. Mason county, but belongs to one of the old and prominent families of Logan county, where he is himself widely and favorably known. He was born in Xew York city. March 19, 1842, and is a son of John Linliarger. who entered land from the government in Logan countv in i8^o. He was a native of Somer- set county, Xew Jersey, born September 2, 1S08. and after arriving at years of ma- turity he married Hannah Smally. who was born in the same county July 3, 1813. There they resided until after their marriage, when they removed to Xew York cit}-, where the father engaged in the manufacture of hats, being the inventor of the smooth felt hat now worn. He rented the old X'ew York state prison and therein conducted a hat factory, continuing in the business with ex- cellent success for some time. In June. 1846, he enlisted for service in the ^lexican war and served throughout the struggle, acting as captain of his company. After his re- turn to X'ew York city he was custom house ofticer, having charge of the liquors, cigars antl fruits imported into this country. On the expiration of his term of service in th;\t ix^sition he came westward with his fam- ily, making the trip largely by water. They proceeded from Albany by way of the Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by the great lakes to Chicago, by canal to LaSalle, by steamer to Alton and thence to Jerseyville. Illinois, where in partnership with Dr. Todd he en- gaged in farming for several years. In 1849. he removed to Logan county and the fol- lowing year entered land in Prairie Creek township, including all of section 4. the west half of section 9. the southwest quarter of section 8. the southwest quarter of section 3 and the northwest quarter of section 10, constituting in all about fourteen hundred acres. He made improvements on section 4. developing a fine farm, whereon he re- sided until the death of his wife. December 15. 1884. He then removed to San Jose and lived retired with his son Edwin until his death, passing awav on the 4th of March. iS93. This worthy couple were the parents of 428 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ten children: David died in childhood; Joseph died in infancy; George, who is now living in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, married Jennie Bailey, and after her death married a ilrs. Armstrong, a widow ; Andrew T. is deceased; Edwin S. is the next younger; Virginia L. is the wife of Henry Flint, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; Charles married Laura Parmeter and resides in Rich Hill, ^lissouri ; Henry wedded Mary ^lunson and is living in \\'est Point, ilississippi ; John K. married Julia Warren and is engaged in the real-estate business in Delavan, Illinois ; and Walter, who has resided in Chicago, is now living with our subject. He married Cora ^lathews, but she is now deceased. The children were all educated in the common schools, and after putting aside his text-books Edwin See Linbarger engaged in farming in Prairie Creek township, but later was in the service of the Texas Central and the Houston & Great Xorthern Railroad Companies. He acted as fireman for six months and was then made a conductor in the freight service. From 1871 until 1874 he was in the Lone Star state, and then re- turned to Xew York city, where he remained for a year. Subsequently he returned ro Logan county and established a grocery store in Emden, where he conducted busi- ness for three years, after which he sold out and lived in retirement from labor for a year. On the expiration of that period he came to San Jose and purchased the drug store owned by his brother George, conducting the same until 1901, when he sold the drug- stock. In 1 89 1 he began the hotel business, and adding to this a livery stable now car- ries on operations along both lines. He has six good head of horses and his barn re- ceives a liberal patronage. As a landlord he is popular, enterprising and courteous, and has become \er\- popular with the pat- rons of the house. Mr. Linbarger has been twice married. On the 29th of December, 1869, he wedded Rhoda Gibbs, of Xew York, a daughter of Rev. Gibbs, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the Empire state. ]Mrs. Linbarger died October 3, 1870, and our subject was again married, October 30, 1872, his second union being with Miss Augusta Snell, of Jeffer- son county, Xew York, a daughter of Gideon Snell, who spent his entire life in that state, where he engaged in farming and in the mill- ing business. Unto the second marriage have been born three children : Katie, who was born July 6, 1876, and died February 29, 1880, when about four years of age; Cora, who was born August 15, 1880, and died December 31 of the same year; and John \\'ebster, who was born August 31, 1883, and is still with his pai-ents. In politics !Mr. Linbarger has followed in the political footsteps of his father, who voted for Andrew Jackson, having, since he attained his majority, been an advocate of Democratic principles. For eight years he held the office of postmaster in San Jose, and is now serving his second term as police magistrate, while for a quarter of a century he has been notary public and is also a dep- uty to issue marriage licenses. Fraternally he is connected with San Jose Lodge, X'o. 645. A. F. & A. !M. : Grossman Chapter, Xo. 155. R. A. M.. of Delavan; and Constantine Commandery, X'o. 51, K. T.. of Lincoln. He is one of the well known residents of this part of the state. Whatever success he has achieved is attributable entirely to his own efforts, for in early life he started out to make his own way in the world and has since been dependent upon his own resources. He is now known as a popular man. reliable THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 429 in business, trustwortliv in office and faitli- ful to every tluty whicli ilevulves ui^jn him. EDGAR E. SISSOX. Among; the prosperous farmers of Sheri- dan township is Edgar E. Sisson, who re- sides on section 13 and has made tliis town- sliip his home all his life, having Ijeen born here Eebruary 6, 1874. He is the son of John F. and Eliza (Myers) Sisson, natives of Jersey county. Illinois, who came to Lo- gan county at an early da\- and settled in Sheridan township, where they lived on the farm now occupied by our subject. Here the\- remained for a few years and then re- turned to Jersey county, but after a short time returned to the old homestead in Sheri- dan township, where the father engaged in general farming until 1892. At this time he and his wife removed to Lincoln, this county, where they live retired. Four chil- dren were born to them : John, wiio married Susan Beaver, died in 1899, and she now resides in Lincoln : Edgar E.. our subject, is the next of the family; Bessie and Emma are residents of Lincoln. All of the children were educated in the common schools of Lin- coln. Edgar E. Sisson after completing his ed- ucation took charge of the Sisson homestead on sections 23 and 24, Sheridan township, where he lixed fi\e years. During that time he married Miss Mary Lynch, of Mason City, Illinois, a daughter of Luther Lynch, a laliorer now residing in Mason City. One child has been born of this union, namely : Edna, born February 21, 1900. Soon after his marriage Mr. Sisson re- moved to his father's farm on section 13, where he operates four hundred acres of fine land and carries on general farming and stock-raisiug. In politics he is a Democrat, and socially he is a member of Burtonville Lodge. Xo. 6982, M. W. A., of Burtonville, Illinois, and of the Court of Honor of New- Holland, Illinois. Although still a young man he has been very successful in his farm- ing- operations and gained the highest respect and esteem of a large circle of friends. THOMAS SMITH. Thomas Smith, deceased, who for many years was one of the most active and ener- getic farmers of Oran township, Logan county, was born August 12, 1829, in Eng- land, and is of German descent. He grew to manhood and received a good education in his nati\e tongue, at the place of his birth. He was one of a family of three children. The father was originally from Scotland and in early manhotxl x\-ent to England, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred when our subject was quite young. The death of the father rendered it nec- essary for yotmg Thomas to at once seek employment whereby he would be enabled to render assistance to the family. He se- cured work on a farm by the month, in which employment he continued for a period of five years, and in 1865 he left his native land and sailed for America. Landing at Xew York, he at once started for Illinois, and located in Sangamon county, where for a i)eri(id of three years he cared for and herded a flock of about three thousand sheep and then rented a small farm, which he tilled, making it his home for fi\e vcars. He THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Avas yew energetic and economical, and by strict attention to the details of his work he was enabled during this time to accumulate and save sufficient means to purchase eighty acres of land, which he improved, put un- der cultivation and where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 28th of April, 1899. after a lingering illness of sev- eral years. His widow, who survives him, occupies the ])resent home on this farm. The tirst wife of our subject died in Oc- tober, 1S76, and he married for his second wife Rosina Sheer, daughter of Marx Sheer, who was originally from Germany, and who married Margaret Bauer. Mrs. Smith is a native of Germany, born on the i8th of March. 1842. and came to the United States when tv,euty-twu years of age. Her mar- riage tn Mr. Smith occurred September 28, 1877, and was blessed with six children, four of whom are now living, as follows: Mollie E.. now ]\lrs. C. E. Gossett; John A. : Frederick T. : and Mary Elizabeth. John A. married I'lurence [Murray, of Logan count}-, whiise ]iarents were early and re- spected settlers (if this count}-. ]\[r. Smith was a stanch supporter of the Democratic party, and although always hav- ing the interests of that political body at heart he never t(X)k an active part in politics, not caring for office. He was clearly a self- made man in exery sense of that term. Com- ing to .\merica with no capital, he started out in a strange land tt^ overcome the dif- ficulties and clistacles in the path to pros- perity, and success crowned his efforts. He believed in doing the work at hand cheer- fully and well. He toiled early and late, and while giving strict attention to his farm- ing interests he devoted a great deal of time to home life, being ever a kind and indulgent father and devoted Imsliand. PATRICK RYAN. For almost a half century Patrick Ryan has resided in this portion of Illinois, liv- ing for many years in Delavan township, Tazewell county, and since 1877 wpon his present farm on sections 9 and 10. Prairie Creek township, Logai-i county. He has therefore witnessed much of the growth and development of this region and has borne no inconsiderable part in the general develop- ment which has reclaimed the land fur pur- poses of civilization and made this one 1 if the richest farming districts in the state. .V na- tive of Ireland, he was born in count}- Lim- erick September 15, 1847, ^ son of James and Margaret (Hayes) Ryan, whose family iiun-ibered ele\-en children. The parents were also natives of the same cnunty and in 1833 they sailed with their family for Amer- ica, making their way direct to Tazewell county. Illinois. They established their home upon a farni in Delavan township, and there the father engaged in the tilling of the soil throughout his remaining days, his death occurring- about 1888. ,His widmv still resides in Delavan, making her home with her grandchildren. Seven of the children of the family are yet living, as follows : John, a resident farmer of Delavan to\vnship, Tazewell ci'.unty: Patrick, of this review-; Catherine, the wife of James ]\Iurph}-, who is living in Odell. Illinois: James, who is engaged in the lixery l)usiness in Dela\-an ; William, a resident farmer of Delavan town- ship: Daniel, whu is also engaged in agri- cultural pursuits in Delavan township: Idella, the widow of James ^IcGrath. a resi- dent of Odell, Illinois. ^Michael and Johan- na, other members of this family, are now deceased. The children were all provided with gdiul educatinnal pri\-ileg-es, a number THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 431 of them attending college or other advanced institutions of learning after leaving the common schools. Mr. Rvan. of this review, piir.sned his early education in the district .schools, whicii was suiii)lemented liy a year's study in the University of Xotre Dame of Indiana, and as a life work t(X>k up the occupation to which he had heen reared, beginning opera- tions on his own account as a farmer of Delavan township. Tazewell county. There he remained until twenty-nine years of age. or until 1877. when he removed with his family to Prairie Creek townsliip. Logan county, purchasing liis present farm of two hundred and eighty acres on sections 9 and ID. He has made excellent improvements on die property, and carries on general farm- ing and stock-raising with success. His is a valuable property, the highly cultivated fields, substantial buildings, the latest im- pro\-ed machinery and all modern con- veniences indicated the progressive spirit of the owner, who is a reliable business man. well meriting the prosperity which has crowned his labors. \\'hile residing in Tazewell county Mr. Ryan was married to Miss Mary Hubbard, "i native of Ohio and a daughter of Nicholas and Mary (Smith) Hubbard, who were Ixtrn in Germany. Prior to Mrs. Ryans birth her parents emigrated to this coun- try, locating in Ohio. There the father fol- lowed farming until his removal to Prairie Creek township. Logan county, Illinois, where he resided until his death. The mar- riage of Mr. and Mrs. Ryan has been blesse.l with four children: James \V.. Annie. Mamie and Nicholas. The parents hold membershi|) in the Catholic church of De- lavan. In ]K)litics Mr. Ryan has been a DennK-rat since attaining hi^ maioritv. and has held several local offices. He is now serving as township sujiervisor, a position which he has filled for nine years, and for some time he has served as school trustee, discharging the duties of both offices in an acceptable manner. He is a director in the Tazewell County Pair Association and has done much to encourage progressi\e meth- ods of farming. His own labors ha\e been so carefully directed that he is now num- bered among the prominent and wealthy farmers of the community in which for al- most a half-centurv he has made his home. JOSEPH W. HOBLIT. The natural advantages of diis .section at- tracted at an early day a superior class of .setders, thrifty, industrious, progressive and law-abiding, whose influence gave perma- nent direction to the development of the lo- cality. Among the worthy pioneers of Lo- gan county the Hoblit family hold a promi- nent place, being among the first to locate here. The founder of the family in this county was Samuel Ilolilit. the grandfather of our subject. He came west from Ohio in 1839, and settled in .Atlanta township, where many of his descendants still live. He married Miss Abigail Downey. Their son. John .\. Hoblit, was born March 5. 1833. in Atlanta township. Later in life he moved to the farm now occupied by our subject. On the 17th of January, 1856. he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Willmurtli. and to them were born seven children. In early manluxxl he engaged in teaching school for two terms. Being an.xious to take care of his father's estate, he then took control ot THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the property and successfully managed the same. After acquiring a sufficient knowl- edge of agriculture he embarked in farming on his own account on a quarter-section of land. As time passed he prospered in his farming operations and kept adding to his landed possessions imtil he had accumulated fourteen hundred acres of land in Logan county. He was also extensively engaged in stock-raising and met witli good success in that undertaking. As a director and stockholder he was identified with banks at Atlanta, Bloomington and Lincoln, and was one of the principal stockholders of the bank at Carlinville. of which his .son, Abraham L., was cashier, and Frank, assistant cashier. He was a most capable financier and shrewd business man, possessing extraordinary good judgment and keen discrimination. His residence, in which Joseph W. now lives, is one of the most beautiful country homes in the count}'. The father died in February, •1898, honored and respected by all who knew him. Jnsejih W. Hol)Ht was born Xovember 28, 1856, cm the old homestead in Atlanta township w here he now resides, and his early education was recei\-ed in the district schools of the neighborhood, later attending the Shurtleft" College at Alton, Illinois, His life has been devoted to agriculture, and he now owns and operates four hundred acres of valuable land, which is under a high state of cultivation and supi>lied with all of the con- veniences and accessories found upon a model farm of the present day. On the 5th of Xovember, 1892, Mr. Hob- lit was united in marriage with jVliss Ivy L. Tuttle, daughter of Marion Tuttle, of At- lanta, wlio lost his life while defending the stars and stripes in the Civil war. ]\Irs. Hoblit is a member arents of eleven children, one ot whom died in infancy, and one daughter. Mar>- L., who was the wife of F. P. :\larvin, died in Lincoln, .May 26, 1890. The sur- vivors are as follows: Sarah, who is the wife of JI. C. Perry, of Coffeyville. Kansas: J;icob A. is a farmer in Oklahoma; h'.liza- beth. wile of John Shivel, of Coffeyville, Kansas: (".nice 1'.., wife of George Pember- tr.n, of Sedalia, Missouri; Robert, a farmer in East Lincoln township: Hardin 1'.., the .subject of this sketch; William, who lives in Coffeyville; Theodore, an engineer, living in Coffeyville, Kansas; and Frank, who lives in Colorado. The education of the children was obtained in Missouri, where the family lived for seventeen years prior to their re- moval to Kansas. Our subject, Hardin B. Waters, received but a limited education, and was reared on the farm, remaining at home until he reached his nineteenth year and then began the shaping of his own career. Coming to Lo- gan countv. Illinois, he engaged in farm work during the summers and eagerly em- braced the chance of attending school during the winters, and tints secured a good com- mon school education. For six years he wofked on farms and then rented a desirable tract, exercising continual diligence and enniomy until he was able to i)urcliase his present fine farm, in 1894. .Mr. Walters was united in marriage. M;i_\ _M). 18S;,, to Miss Lydia Dunham, and thus became coimected with one ol the lead- ing and representative families of the county. :\Frs. Walters was born September 19, 1862, and became one of the best educated and popular teachers in the locality. She is a THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. lady of culture and refinement. The chil- dren born of this marriage are: Violet M., Noel D.. Eva L., Harry D., William H. and Ruth E. One died in infancy. All have been afforded excellent school privileges. The pleasant famil}- residence of ^Ir. and Mrs. Walters is located on section 23. East Lincoln township, the fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres extending into sec- tion 24 also. For this land ^Ir. Walters was able to pay seventy-five and ninety tli hi- lars an acre, all of which he earned by his industry, having had no assistance and being without means when he came to the county. Mr. and Mrs. Walters are among the leading members ui the Christian church, of Avhich he is one of its worthy elders, and for several vears he has efiiciently served as school director. In a social way he is connected with Lincoln Camp. Modern ^^'oodmen of America, in which he has many friends. His success shows the nat- ural results of an industrious and temperate life. Xnt (Uily does he possess ample means, but he also enjoys the esteem of the com- nninitN' in which he has li\ed so long. JONATHAN CO)>IBS. Jonathan Comlis, of Mt. Pulaski, is now hving a retired life, in the enjoyment of a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves by reason of his industrious ef- forts of former years. Accomplishment and progress ever imply labor, energy and diligence, and it was those qualities that enabled our subject to rise from the ranks ■of the many and stand among the success- ful fev.-. Air. Combs was born in Adelphi. Ross county, Ohio, March I'l, 1829, and is a son of Joshua and Sarah (Braucher) Combs, the former a native of Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, and the latter of Pick-away county. Ohio, where their marriage was celebrated. The father, \\ho was a farmer and carpen- ter by occupation, continuetl to make his home in the Bucke}-e state throughout life, but died while on a visit to his son Jonathan in Logan county, Illinois, in 1863. The mother died in Pickaway county, Ohio, the \ear previous. Our subject accpiired his education in the common schools of Pickaway county, Ohio, the school-house being of logs, with a window at each end and the primitive methods of teaching being in vogue. In early life he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for fourteen years. On the 7th of January, 1849. he led to the mar- riage altar Miss Ann Rose, of Ross county, and a daughter of John Rose. Six children blessed this uniim. namely : Nelson, who died in Cedar c<.)unty. ^Missouri, in 1888, leaving six children: Alary .\.. wife of W. D. Ross, who lives in Puyallup Valley, Washington: Sarah, wife of J. B. Harri- son, a farmer, of Logan county, Illinois ; August S., a carpentefr, of Alt. Puilaski ; Eliza J., wife of Samuel C. Dawson, who lives on the tild homestead in Chester town- ship, this county: and Catherine, wife of Eugene Sheer, a \\agon-maker, of Lincoln. After his marriage Air. Combs resided in Pickaway county, Ohio, until the fall of i860, when he came to Logan county, Illi- nois, and settled in Chester township, where he purchased eighty acres of wild land for eleven dollars and a quarter per acre. There was not a stick of timber upon the place. His first home here was a four-room house, but as the vears iiassed he made manv im- LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS JONATHAN COMBS. MRS. JONATHAN COMBS. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. provenients upon the farm and added to it until he had three hundred and sixty acres under a liigh state of cultivation and ecjuip- ped with a good set of farm buildings. In connection with general farming he suc- cessfully engaged in stock raising, making a specialty of a high grade of short-horn cattle. Besides the old homestead he now owns two hundred and forty acres of land in Laenna township and sixty acres in Mt. Pulaski township, making six hundred and sixty acres of land in this county, and he also has eighty acres in Sangamon county, and eighty acres in the state of Washington. In order to give his children better ad- vantages INIr. Combs removed from the farm to Mt. Pulaski in December. 1877. and has since made his home in that village, where he bought a good home, surrounded by a whole block of ground. In 1879 he formed a partnership with Z. K. Wood, and under the firm name of Wood & Combs they successfully engaged in buying and shipping grain of all kinds, having elevators at Mt. Pulaski. Chestnut and Latham. In 1898 Mr. Combs sold out and has since practically lived a retired life, though he still looks after his farming interests, and is a busy, energetic man. He has some city property, including his pleasant home, which is complete in all its appointments. In business affairs he has been remarkably suc- cessful, and his success is but the just re- ward of his own untiring labors, close appli- cation and good management, as he is a man of exceptionally good business and executive ability. He now rents all of his farm land. In politics Mr. Combs has been a stanch Republican since the organization of the party, and gives his support to all measures which he l)elieves will prove of public benefit. Mr. Combs has been an ex- tensive traveler, and has been in every state and territory west of Buffalo except three, and still finds that central Illinois has the l^est farming lands of any place he ever visited. When on a visit west Mrs. Combs died at San Francisco. January 15, 1899, and was interred in Mt. Pulaski cemeterv. GEORGE H. OUISEXBERRY. Among the worthy citizens of Oran township none are more deserving of repre- sentation in this volume than George H. Ouisenberry, who for many years has been connected with the agricultural interests of the community, and who has, through his well-directed efforts, gained a handsome competence that numbers him among the substantial citizens of his township. Mr. Ouisenberry was born in Logan county, No- vember 10, 1 86 1, and is a son of Arthur and Polly (Burt) Ouisenberry, both natives of Kentucky, the former born in the fall of 1835 and the latter in Septemljer. 1840. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Ed- ward Sanford Ouisenberry, was a Virginian by birth, and came to this state with his fam- ily in the fall of 1835. During his boyhood Arthur Ouisenberry received a good educa- tion for those days and was reared to habits of industry. He became one of the foremost farmers of his community, a man of good business and executive ability, and is now able to spend his declining years in ease and quiet at his pleasant home in Lincoln, hav- ing retired from active labor. Our subject also received good educa- tional advantages, attending first the com- mon schools and later the Lincoln high schnril and tlic Lincoln L'niversitv. In 1886 438 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. he began his business career as a farmer on his fatlier's farm in Eminence township. where lie remained until i8qj, wlien he re- moved to liis prcsfiil pl.-u'c ill ( >ran Inwnsliip, where lie has four luiiidrcd and lifly acres of rich and arable land under a high state of cultivation and pleasantly located only a few miles southeast nf Atlanta. He is a ve\y \\idc-a\\ak"e and energetic business man and is meeting wUli excellent success in his un- dertakings. On the 8th of March, iS88, .Air, Quisen- berry was united in marriage with Miss E. G. McCormick, a daughter of James Mc- Cormick. a nali\e of Sce as ii farm hand ijy the month, rcceix ing a sin.all compensation for his ser\ ices. While in the employ of these gentlemen he li\ed economi- cally and managed to save a small amount uf money. Mr. Hoerr then learned the shoe- maker's trade, which he followed in Atlanta for four years, and on selling out at the end •of that time he resumed farming, operating •a rented farm in Atlanta township until 1880, \\hen he purchased a farm comprisingi eighty acres, to which he subsequently added a tract of twenty acres, and still later a tract of eighty acres, making one hundred and eighty acres in all. This farm is still the I'lome of the family, and is now carried on by hisson, John II., who was appointed admin- istrator of the est.ite and is carefully looking • after his mother's interests. On the 2d of January, iSdj, Air. Hoerr was united in marriage with ]Miss Rosina Kauzleiter, who was also horn in ("lermany, October 20, 1836, and is a daughter oi Christian K. and Barbara ( Wohlfahrt ) Kautzleiter. Her father, who was a well- to-do farmer and stock raiser, dieil in 1870, and the mother passed awa\' in 1880. Mrs. Hoerr emigrated to the Lhiited States in 1 85V). By her marriage to our subject she became the mother of eight chiklren, three sons and fi\-e daughters, of whom four died in infancy. Those living are Elizaljeth, now Mrs. J. AV. Ililpert; Emeline, wife of L. L. Groves; and Kathcrine and J<:ihn H., both at home with their mother. Air. Hoerr died January 15, 1899, leav- ing a host of \\arm friends as well as his immediate famil)- to mourn his loss. His political support was always given the Democratic party, and he was a devout member of the German Presbyterian church. He was noted for his liberality and kind deeds, and he commanded the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens in a marked degree. He was devoted to his home and family, making every sacrifice for their bene- fit, and in his death the communitv realized that it had lost a valued citizen. His widow is a member of the JMangelical Lutheran church and a most estimable lady, while his children hold membership in the Christian church. OSCAR J. LUCAS. With wide and thoras the only child of Nathaniel and Lois Strong. As his father died previous to his liirth. he was taken in infancy by an uncle, Benjamin Strong, and was reared in Greene county, Ohio, his educational privileges being meager. On reaching manhood he was married in that county, November 6, 1828, to iliss Elizabeth Downey, who was born in Adams county, Ohio, September 3, 1809, and was a daughter of James and MarA- Downey. The children born of this union were as follows: John, our subject; ;\iary J., a resident of Atlanta, and the wife of C. M. Turner; and Emma, deceased wife of Andrew Turner. The father was an ex- cellent manager and was very successful in his farming operations after coming to this county. In politics he was a Republican, and was a personal friend of Abraliam Lin- coln. He made his home in Atlanta town- ship until his death, which occurred January 4. 1900, and his wife departed this life De- cember 29, 1898. Thus passed away two of Logan county's most prominent pioneers and highly respected citizens. The subject of this sketch was about ?>e\en years of age when he came with his parents to this county, and his early life was passed in much the usual manner of the average boy in a frontier settlement. He received a good country school education, and aided his father in the work of the hom& farm until 1854, when he began farming for himself en the one-hundred-and-sixty-acre tract which constitutes his present fine farm in Eminence township, it being well im- proved and under a high state of cultixation. It is situated on section 24. township 21. range 2 west. On the 25th of January. 1855. was cele- brated the marriage of Mr. Strong and Miss THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 451 Cerekla Pratt, a daughter of Lanson ami Sarah (McMaiies) Pratt. He wa.s origin- ally from \'ernioiit. and from that state re- moved to Ohio, and in 1854 he located in Atlanta township, Logan county, Illinois, where he resided until the death of Mrs. Pratt in 1856. Later he married again and removeil to Fulton county, where he resided up to a short time prior to his death, which occurred in Delavan, Illint)is. in 1884. and liis remains are interred in the .\tlanta cem- etery by the side of his first wife. ilr. Pratt was a school teacher, having taught for over forty years. He became one of the foremost educators of Ohio, and Prof. David Swing, of Chicago, was one of his puprls. Four children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Strong, namely: Anna M.. bom December -9- i855- 's ''"^^'^^' ^'■'^ ^^''*^ '^'* ^- ^- Fo&Sy ''*"'^' a resident of South Dakota. She first mar- ried Henry Mc^^'hinney. and by this union had one son. Clinton. Ciiarles F.. born No- vember 5, 1837. and Lyman T., born A])ril 4. i860, are also living in South Dakota. Lucy \\'., born July 26. 1862. is now matron of the Home for Feeble Minded Children at Lincoln, Illinois. As a Republican Mr. Strong takes quite an active and prominent part in local poli- tics, and has efficiently served as commis- sioner in Eminence township nine years, as- sessor two years and has served as super- visor of the township for ten years. Mrs. Strong holds membership in the Christian church, and both stand liigh in tlic esteem of their fellow citizens. T.\COB MOTZ. 'i'here is n<> element which has entered into our composite national life which has given it more strength than that furnished l)y the honest, thrifty and ])erse\ering sons of (iermany. Among tl\c multitudes who in their youth united in' singing the' "Watch on the Rhine.*" then left its crowded shores to help swell the chorus of "America," was Jacob Motz,who was born in Germany June 21. 1826, and was one of a family of five children. His i)arents lived and died in the Fatherland. Jacob Motz came to the L'nited .States in 1854 and located in Ohio, wiiere he engaged in farming. He returned to Ciermany in 1859 and remained there about two years. On again coming to the L'nited States he settled in Logan county, Illinois, where he manufactured brick in connection with farm- ing for six years. Iii the fall of 1866 he located in Atlanta township, where he made. l.is home for eight years, and then removed to Oran township and engaged in agricul- ture. He owned land in both Atlanta and Oran townships. He was a standi sup- [icrter of the Democratic party. In the spring of i860 Mr. Motz was united in marriage with Miss Mary Tross, a daughter of Christian Ti^oss, an e.Ktensive grain dealer of Germany. Mr. }ilotz and his wife became the parents of three children, one (if whom died in infancy. Their daugh- ter Mary, who was born X<)\eniber 2. 1873, is now the wife of Adolph Gross and resides in the old homestead. Their marriage oc- curred January 14, 1900. The parents of Mr. Gross, as well as himself, were originally from Germany. Fred INIotz, son of our sub- ject, was born January 24, 1866, and also resides at home with his aged mother. He carries on the work so ably begun by his lum- nred fatlier. and is recognized as nnc of the leading young farmers of Logan county, willing at all times to assist in an_\-tliing i)er- taining to the gtxxl of his county. Jacob Motz died October 31. 1891. at his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. home in Logan county, surrounded by those whom he lo\ed and for whom he had la- bored, and by them his memory is lovingly cherislied. JOHN H. LARISOX. One of the most distinguished and prom- inent citizens of East Lincohi township is John H. Larison, vice-president of the Lin- cohi Logan County Farmers" ^Mutual Firo Insurance Company. He claims Illinois as his native state, his birdi having occurred in McLean county. September 30. 1848. His parents, James M. and Margaret C. (Ham- mitt) Larison, were among the honored pio^ i:eers of this section of the state. The father was born in Morgan county, Ohio, March 17, 1812. and in 1830 came to Illinois with his parents, Abel and Katie Larison, the family locating in ^IcLean county on the present site of the city of Bloomington. then known as the Blooming Grove settlement, wdiere they remained one winter, the follow- ing spring taking up government land norfh of W'aynesville, on which they resided a number of years and where the grandmother died. Her husband, Abel Larison, died in Galena, Illinois, and the only member of their famly now li\ing is Abel Larison, Jr., aged eightv years, his home being in Atlanta township, Logan county, on land wliich he entered ijrom the government. The paternal ancestors of our subject were of Danish origin, and the maternal of Irish extraction. James M. Larison was married near A\'aynesville. DeW'itt county, about 1834, to I\Iiss Margaret Hammitt, who was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, October 8, 18 14, and had come west with her parents a few months prior to her marriage. In 1835 Mr, and Mrs. Larison removed to Brooks Grove. near Stanford, McLean county, where all of their children were born, and in 1850 they came to Logan county, making this their liome throughout the remainder of their lives. The father entered government land in McLean county, and in Logan county paid six, eight and ten dollars per acre for tracts which he purchased, owning and op- erating three hundred and seventeen acres until his retirement from active labor in 1884. He then removed to Lincoln, where he died in 1890, at the age of seventy-five years, nine months and seventeen days. His wife died February 17, 1895, at the age of eighty-one years, four months and eight days, and the reinains of both were interred in Zion cemetery. Both came of long-lived families. During their early residence in this state they endured many of the hardships and priva-tions incident to pioneer life, St. Louis and Chicago being their principal mar- ket places in those days. Mr. Larison was one of the committee appointed to lay out many of the roads in this county, and in many ways materially aided in its develop- ment and upbuilding. He had received a fair education and was a well-posted man, who took an active interest in all philan- thropic enterprises, and during the Civil war gave liberally of his time and means in aid- ing the widows and orphans of those who lost their lives on southern battlefields. The Republican party always found in him a stanch supporter of its principles, and he held some school and township offices, but never sought political honors. He was widely and favorably known tiiroughout th.e county, and is deserving of prominent mention on her roll of honored pioneers. John H. Larison, of this review, is the youngest in a family of six children, the others being as follows: Ruth H. is now the widow of John T. Butler, of Kansas THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 453 Citv, Missouri. Tliomas Perry died Ja ary 30, 1901 .uiilw Califnrnia wliere he localcil in iSdo. ArciliiK' is ihi.' wife of William I'.H.nu'y, n\ ( ictlyslmrs;. South Daknta. Samuel 11. lived for a tiuie iu Pottawattamie county, Luva. liul returned to Lincoln, and died at the Imme of lii^. mother at the age of forty-seven years, .\t the heginning of the Civil war he entered in the Second Illinois Cavalry, and later re-en- Hsted as first lieutenant in the One 1 hmdred and Eoriy-lil'th Jllinnis Infantry. C.reeu Berry also served tnie year in the Sectmd Illi- nois Cavalry, and is nnw a resident of Potta- wattamie county, Iowa, The boyhood and youth of our subject were passed in East Lincoln lownsbi]). at- tending schoo.l in winter and assisting his father on the farm through the summer months. On the completion oi his educatii m at the age of nineteen years, he devoted liis entire attention to the farm work. He re- mained under the parental roof until be wa^ married, April 6, 1871, to xMiss Mary 1!, l\ave, a daughter of Frederick and Sarah J. ( Vezy) Rave. The nn)ther died at the boiue <.f our subject in 1889. Mrs, Larison was born in Bloomington. Illinois, ['"ebrnary _'8, J 849, and was educated in the common schools of Marion county. She has two sis- ters li\ing: Flora E.. wife of S. ( '•. .^idncr, of Silver City, Iowa; and Helen, wile of John Layman, of Abilene, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs Larison have one son, Earl J., who was born in Pottawattamie county. Iowa. Jiil\- 3, n'-^jj, and is now a well-educated and a tbonnigli business man, living upon bis father's land He married Miss Lillie V. .\lusick and they have one child, Zella 1'., For five years after his marriage Mr. Larison resided ujion his father's fariu, and then purchased one huuflred and sixty acres at ten dollars per acre. I'o the im])ro\emeut nd cultivation of that place he devoted bif, nergies for nine years, and then sold it for ort\- tlollars per acre. He then spent si.N luthern Kan.sas and a short time On his return to Illinois he resent farm of one hundred and teres on section 19, East Lincoln ir which he i)aid eight thousand ; has since made manv iuirimve- months ir, in .Missoui l.)ougbt his dollars. Ht ments u])i m the \) ilace. and is s atccess fully eu- gaged in i ts oper atiou , bei ng : ;m enterprising farmer an d a m: m of g( H 1 id b usines.- , ability. He is no\ V vice-j [iresi( lent aui 1 a dir ector ot the Lincol u Log;i in C' iunt_\ - I-: nauers' .Mutual iMre Insui ance C cmpj my. In his political afliliations ^Ir. Larison is a Repulilican. and has filled several town.ship offices, but ha-; never s.uight political honors, Sociallv he is a lueiuljer of Lincoln Lodge, ]. C), O, v.. and religiously both he and hi;i wife are meiubers of the IMethodist Episco- l)al church, in which he is serving as steward, He is a worthy representative of that class of citizens wIm lead i[uiet, industrious, hon- est and useful lives .and constitute the best iiortion'of a coiuiuunitv. GEOUCE W, SllCni'-RT. Among the reliable, substanti.al and jiros- ])eruus farmers of luuiuence township, there is prohablv none who stands higher in the public estiiuation than George W, Seibert. wbose'bome is on section _'8. lie was born in Cbaiui)aign county, Ohio, Septeiulier lO, iSfra. and caiue with his ])arents to this county in the fall of nSA^, His father, Jacob Siebert, was born September 7. 1832, in Cham)5aign county, Ohio, and was a son of J(vhn and Katherine ( P)Owers') Siebert, natives of Pennsylvania and N'irginia respec- 4S4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tively, in whose family were six children. In 1863 Jacob Siebert came to Logan coun- ty. Illinois, and here he successfully engaged in farming throughout the remainder of his life. In 1864 he purchased a farm of eighty acres rm sections 28 and 29, Eminence town- shi]), ti) which he subsequently adilcd until he had three hundred and twenty acres un- der a high state of cultivatinn and well imprnved. He was married u< Mis-^ Mary C. Printz. of Clarke county, Ohio, and to them were born the following chil- dren; Katherinc V... wife of l);ivid Gil- christ, whose sketch appears on another page of this volume; lileanora, who tlied in July, 1871 ; George W., om subject; John D. ; Carrie C. ; and Jacob E. Jacob Siebert was one of the most prominent and influential citizens of his com- nuniily. antl his death, which occin-rcd Feb- ruary 17. iS()8, was felt throughout the township by a host of friends as well as by a large family connection who were left to mourn his loss. He was one of the oldest Odd I'ellows of the county, holding mem- bershii) in .\tlanta Lodge, and was a stanch supporter of the Democratic jiarty. Ik- served as road commissioner several years, and also as school trustee a number of years, the duties of which jiositions he most capably and satisfactorily performed. The earlx- education of our subject was ol)tained in the distn.M sdionls ne;ir his hoy- hood home, and lu- ;ioiinrcd a thorough knowledge of agricultural pursuits while as- sisting his father in the operation of the farm. At the age of twenty-two he left the parental roof and commenced farming for bimself upon a tract of eighty acres. He now has an undivided interest in three hun- dred and twent\- acres in Eminence town- ship, which he inherited on the death of his father, and which constitutes one of the best farms in the Icjcalitw :Mr. Siebert was married, Sei^tember 20, 189,^ to Z^Iiss Jennie B. Ward, a daughter of John Ward, of West Lincoln township, and they now have three children, namely: Rul))- C, born February 12, 1895 ; Helen L., Iwrn November 5, 1896; and Mo'Uie L., l>orn October 24, 1898. Religiously Mr. and Mrs. Siebert are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially he is also connected with the I\[odern \\'oodmen of America and the In- dependent Order of 3,Iutual Aid. Political- ly he is a supporter of the Democracy, and he has filled the ofifice of school director, but he has never cared for public positions, pre- ferring t(_i give his entire time ami attention to his farming interests and to his home and faniih'. He is \-ery popular in the com- munitv where he has so long made his home, and his circle of friends seems only limited by his circle of acipiaintances. H. PEXDLETOX PUR\1.\XCE. Since 1873 this gentleman has been a resident of Logan county and is the present popular supervisor of Chester township. He was born on the 22(1 of November, 1839, in Tazewell county, Illinois, a son of William H. and Sarah (Mitchell) Purvi- ance, the former of French and the latter of German and Scotch-Irish ancestr}-. The father was born near Pleasant Plains, San- gamon countv, this state, and was only three years old when he accompanied his ])arents on their removel to Tazewell coun- tv, where in later years lie owned and op- erated a farm. Selling that place in 1873. he came to Logan count}-, and is now living H. P. PURVIANCE. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 457 in Lincoln at the age of seventy-three years. In early life he affiliated with the Whig party, bnt is now a Democrat in politics. He is an active and faithful meniljer of the Cumberland Presbyterian churcli. to which his wife also belonged. She died in Kansas in 1S87. They had five children, one of whom died in infancy, the others Ijeing Mary B.. wife of W. B. Dilley. of Maroa, Illinois: H. Pendleton, the subject of this sketch ; James A., a farmer of Guthrie, Oklahoma: and William C, a retired farm- er of Mt. Pulaski. Ilinois. The primary education of our subject was acquired in the district schoth the district schools and Lincoln University. Of the four children born to our subject and his wife, one died in infancy and one at the age of four years. Those living are Pearl L., who was born in 1887, and is now a student of Lincoln University; and Ray- mond P., who was born in 1889, and is at- tending the district schools. For four years after his marriage Mr. Purviance operated his father's farm, and then rented land of Mr. Foley, now having control of five hundred and thirty acres. In connection witli general farming he car- ries on stock-raising and dairying, and is meeting with fair success. He is promi- nently identified with the political interests of his township, and in April, 1900, was elected supervisor, which oflfice his is now acceptaJ)ly filling, being chaiirman of the! committee on public buildings and a mem- , ber of the committee on paupers. He also has filled the offices of town clerk twelve }ears and road commissioner three years, while his wife has served as school director three yeai's. She is a member of the Chris- tian church and a most estimable lady. In religious belief Mr. Purviance is a Pres- byterian, and gives liberally to the support of church and charitable work. Socially he and Mrs. Purviance are memljers of the ^Iorn January 21, 1865. His parents were Ufe and Grace (Al- berts) Bergman, both of whom were natives of Germany and came to America with thein family in 1881, settling in Champaign coun- ty, Illinois, where the father purchased ri- farm of three hundred and ten acres of land and resided on it, engaged in farming, until his death, in 1896. His wife died in the same ^•ear. .Six children were born to them namely : Clans, who now resides on a farm, in Prairie Creek township ; Arend, our sub- ject; Albert, who resides on the old home- stead in Champaign county, Illinois: John, who is a farmer of Iroquois county, Illinois; Efert, a farmer of Champaign county, Illi- nois: and Ufe, also a farmer Oif Champaign count}-. These children recei\'ed only a ci mi- nion school education. As soon as he completed his education our subject began farming in Champaign- county, and resided there until 1888, when he came to Logan county and settled in Prairie Creek township, where he leased n farm. AMiile living there, in 1889. he was married to So])liia Struebing, also a native- of Germanv, and a daughter of Joe Strue- bing, who is now a farmer in Prairie Creek THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. township. ^Ir. and Mrs. Bergman have two children : Jolin and Grace. After his marriage Mr. Bergman re- mained in Prairie Creek township, engaged in farming, until 1898, when he moved to Orvil township and settled on his present farm, known as the old Payne farm, on sec- tion 4, where he is engaged in general farm- ing and stock raising, and has been success- ful in his endeavors. In politics he is a Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the German Lutheran church of Emden. They are excellent people and en- jov the deepest respect and esteem nf their neighbors and friends. .SIXXET RAXKIX. There is particular .satisfaction in re- verting to the life history of the honored and \enerable gentleman whose name mi- tiate-s this review since his mind bears im- press of the historical annals of this county from pioneer days, and from the fact that he is one of the leading and influential citizens of Atlanta township. He was born in Fay- ette county. Ohio. August 27. 1817. and is of Scotch-Irish descent, his paternal great- grandfather being originally from the north of Ireland. His grandfather, ^^'illiam Rank- in, was a Virginian by birth, while his father, William Rankin, was born in Ken- tucky, on the 25th of July, 1784, and spent the first sixteen years of his life on a farm in that state, after which he removed with his parents to Ross county, Ohio. Throughout life the latter followed the occupation of farming and stix:k raising. In 1850 he came to Logan county. Illinois, and settled at Postville. now Lincoln, where he resided aljout t.\o vears. He then went to live with our subject, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in October, 1867. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Popejoy. was a native of Dela- ware, and died in Ohio, in 1847. They were the parents of seven children. For his sec- ond wife he married Jane Baldwin and after his death she returned to Oliio, where she died. Sinnet Rankin of this sketcli passed his lx>yhood and youth upon his father's farm, where he remained until September. 1848, when in company with two brothers, Ed- ward and William, he came to Logan coun- ty. Prior to this he had received a good common school education, such as was ob- tainable in the country schools of those days, and he early became familiar with every de- tail of farm work. On Uxating in this coun- ty he rented a farm in what is now West Lincoln township, and here lived until 1850. when he settled on section 10, Broadwell township, where he controlled three hundred and twenty acres of land. On selling" that place in 1891, he purchased his present farm on section 27. Atlanta township, which con- sists of one hundred and sixty acres of well- improved and highly cultivated land. Al- though eighty-five years of age he is one of the most active men in the county for his age and still su])erintends the operation of his farm and enjoys good health. Besides his fine farm, he owns two valuable lots with residences thereon in Lincoln and four others in Atlanta. On the 5th of December. 1830. Mr. Rankin was united in marriage with Miss E\eline M. McBee. a daughter of AMUiam McBee. She died January 26. 1888, leav- ing one daughter : Xancy E.. who was lx)rn September 3. 1840. Elmira J., who was Ixmi in (X'tober. 1846. died aged nine years. The former married Ri;bert P.lacker and died .460 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. April 3. 1890. She left five children. Mr. Rankin was again married. Augnst 24. 1893, his second union being with Elizalieth H. Dalb}', a nati\-e of Virginia and a daughter of Jesse Dalby. She was first married to a Mr. Ary and became the mother of a large family. Socially Mr. Rankin is a member of the Masonic frater.nity, belonging to the Blue Lodge of Lincoln, and politically is a stanch supporter of the Democratic party and its principles. For the long period of forty years he served as school treasurer, and was also a member of the board of supervisors four years. He has always taken an active and commenda])le interest in jjublic afl^airs, especially along educational lines, and is ready at all times to assist in any enter- prise calculated to promote the welfare of his county. His pleasant, genial manner has made him a host of friends, and he is well liked and highly respected wherever known. T.\COB ^lAYER. Among the leading business men and |)n;minent citizens of Mt. Pula.ski is num- liered Jacob Mayer, of the well-known firm I if J. Allayer & Brother, manufacturers of harness and dealer in buggies. He was born in that village en the i(>th of March, 1850, and is a son of John G. and Elizabeth (Work) Mayer. The father was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 180S, and in 1832 crossed the broad Atlantic and first located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On coming west he located in Springfield, Illi- nois, where he was employed in a general way in the Ridgley Bank until 1848 when lie remo\-ed to Logan county and settled on a farm in JMt. Pulaski township, where he spent two years. In 1850 he took up his residence in Mt. Pulaski, where he was engaged in general merchandising with his i^roither Geiorge midor the t";rni name of Mayer Brcfdiers for ten years. He then followed farming in Mt. Pulaski township until his death, whicli occurred in 1865. He there owned two hundred and fiirt\- acres of rich and arable land, and hail three hundred and ten acres elsewhere. His wife, \vlio long survived him, passed away in March, 1895. She was born in Strasburg, Lancaster county, Pcnns\'h'ania. in 1813. 'i'hey had a fannly of seven children, five sons and two daughters, namely: Samuel; Martha: George; Anna, wife of K. Stoll, who died September 2'/, 1901 : Jnhn W. ; Jacob: and Henry, deceased. Jacob ]Mayer was educated in the public schools, which he attended until fifteen years of age. and during the following tliree years he was with the family on the farm. lie then learned the harnessmaker's trade with tlie firm of Mayer & Reitz, serving a three years' apprenticeship. In October. 1871, he purchased the business, and carried it on alone until 1873, wlien he atlnutted his Ijrother John W. to jiartnership, the firm be- ing since known as J. ]\Iayer & lirother. Thev have built up an excellent trade and have occupied the same building since De- cember. 1873. Besides his business prop- erty^ our subject owns a nice home in Mt. Pulaski, which was purchased by him in 1888, and he also has a good farm of oue hundred and si.xty acres in Kansas. lie is a wide-awake, energetic business man. and generally carries forward to successful com- l)1etion whatever he undertakes. In 1 87 J ^Ir. Alayer wedded Miss Mary Schick, of :\It. Pulaski, a daughter of Adam THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 461 aiul Lena Schick. Tliey have two sons: WilHam W., a jeweler of tliis city: and Ehner B., who is attcmling- the Stale Uni- versity at Cliampaign. IIHnois. Tlie family is one of pron'iinence in the coniniunity where they reside and have a host of friends throngh( nt the connty. Mr. ^Mayer is a member of the Lutheran church and has taken an active part in local afifairs, having served a number of terms on the city coun- cil and is at present a member of the board of education. He is rather liberal in his political views and is now a stanch Sound- iNIonev Democrat. H. KXAAK. H. Knaak, owner of one -hundred and sixty acres of line farming land on sections 15 and 16, Prairie Creek township, has been a resident of Logan county, Illinois, since 1879, but was born in Germany on /vpril 27, 1853. He is a son of Fred and Charlotte (Groth) Knaak, both natives of Germany, who came to America witii our sul)ject in 1879 and settled in Prairie Creek township. Here the father lived until his death, in Oc- tober, 1881, and the muther until she died. I->bruary 5, 1892. The parents had eight children, all of whom are deceased except three who came to America, namely : Fred, who married -Mbertina Rade and resides in Prairie Creek township, engaged in farming; Olreka, wife of August Seefeldt, residing near Atlanta, this county; and our subject. -Ml of these children received gof Lincoln. To them have been lx)rn two children : Helen and Ernest Xeal. In the spring oi lyoi Mr. I\Ioos was elected alderman from the fourth ward on the Democratic ticket for a term of two years, and most acceptably tilled that posi- tion. Socially he is an honoreil member of Mozart Lodge, Xo. 345, I. O. O. F. WILL P. W.\K1-:.M.VX. The deserved reward of a well-spent life is an honored retirement from business, in which to enjoy the fruits of fcjrmer toil. To- day, after a useful and beneficial career. Will P. Wakeman is quietly living at his pleasant home, Xo. 140 Xinth street, Lincoln, sur- rounded by the comfort that earnest labor has brought him. He w;is horn in W.ayne cotmty. .\'ew ^'ork, ."September j 1. 1 S40. and is a son ..I John and Margaret ( Sny- On coming to the United States the father located in Lyons, Xew ^'ork, but later removed to X'ewark, Wayne cmuity, X'ew ^'ork, where he engaged in business as a carriage and wagon manufacturer until his death, which oc- curred in 1850. His wife long survived him. passing away in iSqu Mr. Wakeman, of this re\ie\v. completed his education at an academy in Macedon, \\"ayne county, .Xew York. After his re- turn from the war he took the proscribed course and graduated from Duff's L'l mimer- cial College, at Columbus, Ohio. When the Civil war broke out he manifested his patri- otism by enlisting in November, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Sixtieth X'^ew York N'olunteer Infantry, under Col- onel Van Patten. The regiment was as- signed to the l^epartment of the Gulf, un- der the command of Cieneral Butler, and was first ordered to Xew Orleans. In 1863 they were transferred to the Shenandoah valley and was there when General Phil Sheridan made his famous ride. At the surrender of General Lee they were stationed at Savan- nah, Georgia, and from there went to An- dersonville, Georgia, as provost guard to administer the oath of allegiance to the Georgians. Im-oui Harper's Perry they marched to Washington, where they par- ticipated in the grand review at the close of the war. Mr. \\'akeman was dis- charged, in Xovember, 1865. with the rank of second sergeant, and returned to his home in Xewark, Wayne county, Xew \'ork, and then, after his business course, was em- ployed by David llayden in his store at Co- 464 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. liimbus, Ohio, until February, 1866, when he came to Lincohi. IlHnois, and entered the employ of Hyde. Crandall & Company, and engaged in clerking for that tirm and their successors for thirteen years. He embarked in the dry-goods business on his own ac- count in 1879, as a partner of Louis Spitley, under the firm name of W'akeman & Spitley. and when Mr. Spitley was forced to retire on account of failing health in 1882. Txlr. AV'akeman purchased his interest and con- tinued to carry on the business very suc- cessfully until March i, 1901, when he sold out and has since li\-ed a retuxd life. Hi-; son, Harry F. A\'akeman, was connected with him in business for a time, the firm name being" W. P. \\'akeman & Son. They did a successful business in dry goods and millinery, and at the time of selling out Mr. W'akeman was one of the older business men of the city. In July, 186S, ;Mr. W'akeman married Miss Chestina A. Strong, a native of Brat- tleboro, Vermont, and a daughter of Gidding H. and Sarah (Thomas) Strong, who re- moved to Massachusetts when Mrs. W'ake- man was quite young, and in June. 1867. came west. Her parents are still living and continue to reside iii Lincoln. Although o\er eighty }cars of age they still enjoy good health and are in possession of all their faculties. Mr. and [Mrs. W'akeman have two children: Harry F.. who was graduated from the Northwestern Univer- sity of Chicago, after which he read law with King & Miller, and was admitted to the bar in 1896 and is new engaged in practice, and A\'ilma Strong, at home. Mr. W'akeman and his family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church of Lincoln, and he takes an active part in church and Sunday-school work. Frater- nally he is a member of the L'nion Veteran Union, and politically is a Prohibitionist. His life has been manly, his actions sincere and his example is well worthy of emula- tion. In business affairs he has prospered through his own unaided efforts, and his life has ever been such as to command the confidence and respect of all with whom lie has been brought in contact. WILLIA^I J. HOUSTON. One of the most energetic and success- fid farmers of East Lincoln township is William J. Houston, whose home is on sec- tion 28. He is a native of Logan county, his birth having occurred in Orvil town- ship. December 28. i860. His father. Will- iam Houston, was born in Scotland of humble but well-respected parents, and in' his native land was employed in cloth works, making prints. In 1843, when but a-young lad, he came to this country, and after spending four years in Massachusetts removed to Illinois, locating in Logan coun- ty. The grandfather of our subject, James Houston, also came to the United States, and died in tb.is country when about seven- ty-eight years (if age. The tract of govern- ment land which he purchased in Orvil township is n(jw' owned by the father of our subject, who has three hundred and twenty acres and successfully engaged in farming until 1889, when he remo\ed to Lincoln and has since lived a retired life, enjoying a well-earned rest. His early ed- ucation was limited, as he began to assist in the support of the family when quite young, but he has always made the most of his advantages and by untiring industry and close application to business has become quite well-to-do, so that he is now able to WM. J. HOUSTON. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 467 lav aside all business cares and spend the remainder of his life in ease and quiet. He has always enjoyed good health. In poli- tics he is a supporter of the Republican party, and has held a number of local of- fices, includfng that of school director, which he filled for many years. He mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Powell, a native of Illi- nois, who died in Logan county in 1875. at the age of thirty-four years. Of the seven children born of this union two died in in- fancy. The others are William J., the eld- est and only son: Eliza, wife of William Alexander, of Jazewell county; Mary, who is now the widow of Alex Steninger and is keeping house for her father; Margaret, wnfe of Nelson ParkeT. of Lincoln; and Kittie. wife of Harry Wakeman, of Lin- coln. All were educated in the district schools, while Margaret graduated in mu- sic at Lincoln University, and Kittie took a normal course. William J. Houston of this review grew t(j manhood upon the home farm and re- mained under the parental roof until 188S. when his father removed to Lincoln, leav- ing him in charge of the farm, which he successfully operated until 1900. During that time he made enough to buy a farm of his own. He purchased one hundred and ten acres of land in Orvil township, pay- ing on an average of fifty dollars an acre. Selling that place in 1900. he bought his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 26, East Lincoln township, which he has since improved by the erection of a modern and commodious residence. He carries on general farming and stock-rais- ing, and is meeting with good success, lie- ing a man of keen discrimination and smnid judgment. On September 11, i8yo. Mr. Houston was united in marriage with Miss Carrie 23 B. Seibert, who was born in Eminence township, tiiis county, June 28, 1867, and was educated in the district schools. Her father, the late Jacob Seibert. was one of the early settlers of the county. She is the fourth in order of birth in a family of five children. ^Mr. and Mrs. Houston have three children : Glenn Seibert, born July 20, 1891 ; Merlin Leslie, August 5. 1893; and Corinne Elizabeth, born July 18, 1895. By his ballot Mr. Houston supports the men and measures of the Republican party ; has been active in party work, and has served as delegate to county conventions several times. While residing in Orvil township he filled the office of school trus- tee several times. He was one of the rep- resentative citizens of his community, and is quite influential and popular. Mr. and Mrs. Houston are members of the Cumber- land Presbvterian church of Lincoln. PHILIP J. ADOLPH. I'hilip J. Adolph, the owner of one hun- dred and sixty acres of land on section 17, Prairie Creek township, has been a resident of this county for thirty-three years. He was lx)rn in Tazewell county. Illinois. Jan- uary 22, 1861, and is a son of Michael and Agnes (Groensf elder) Adolph, both natives^ of Germanv, who came to America in 184.7 and settled near Chelsea, ilichigan. Here the father worked as a blacksmith for a short time and then they removed to Wood- ford county. Illinois, and later to Pekin, Tazewell county, where he worked on a farm and at everything honest that present- ed itself in order to support his wife and family. Here he remained until 1868 when he settled on section 6, Prairie Creek town- shi]), Logan county, and engaged in farming 468 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlie i-emainder of his life. Here lie died December 2t,. 1899, while his wife died alxiut r676. Ten children were burn tu them, namely: Catherine, who lives e found on another page of this work, and they live on section 15. Orvil township: Bertha and Mamie are at home. In politics Mr. Shirley is a Republican and upholds the candidates of his party, and he and his wife are earnest members of the Bethel Christian church of Orvil township. In Ixnh church and social circles tliey are very highly respected and have many friends in the community where tliey make their home. JAMES R. BRAWLEY. The greatness of a state dei>ends not on its government but on the good qualities of its citizens and their devt^tion to the public welfare. Prominent in his adopted coun- ty stands tlie name of James R. Brawle\ , who was l)<)rn in Tennessee October 20, 1824. He was one of a family of si.x chil- gan county in the same wagi^n with Mr. Brawley. They always lived in Eminence township, where they both died. .\lthough the union of ]\Ir. and Mrs. Brawley Has been blessed with no children i)f their own, out of the kindness of their natures and their desire to make this world a happier place for others they have given the protection of home and parental affec- tion to several helpless and needy children. In politics Mr. Brawley is a Republican and has been a trustee of his district. He and his wife are members of long standing in the Christian church. This venerable THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. couple, who have shared th.e joy and lara^-e- ly met the disappointments of life, furnish an example Avorthy of emulation. WILLIAM CARNAHAN. Among- the prominent citizens nf the village of Emden, Logan county, Illinrns, is William Carnahan, a most worth)- rep- resentative of one O'f the oldest families ol this coimty. He was born in Darke coun- ty, Ohio^ September 29. 1828, and is a son of Elias L. and Catherine (.Martin) Car- nahan, who were married in 1827, The latter was born July n, 1808, in Ohio, and the foirmer October 17, 1804, in Darke count)-, the same state. The grandfather was William Carnahan, who was Ijorn in Virginia, November 14. 1770. and moved from there intO' Kentucky, and later U> Ohio, locating in Darke county, where he spei-it his last years. Ehas L. Carnahan, the father of our subject. was a farmer of Darke county, Ohio-, until September i, 1854. at which time he started westward, locating on sec- tion 3, Orvil township, Logan county, Illi- nois. On this farm Mr. Carnahan made manv improvements and resided upon this land until he died, October (>. 1874. The children born to Elias Carnahan and wife were nine in numlier, and William, the sub- ject of this .sketch, was the eldest of the fam- ily, the others being as follows: Elizabeth, the wife of Jan-ies Hayes, a farmer near Bloomingtou. Illinois; Sarah .\nn. de- ceased: Martm, who now resides in Sedg- wick county. Kansas; Frances, who mar- ried John Hall, of Greenville, Ohio; Elias, who is a resiIontgomery, resides in Or\-i] township. In 1835 Mr. Carnahan followed his fa- ther to Illinois and settled on section 10, near his father's farm. At that time the town of lunden was not in existence antl the nearest market was Peoria. The farm was without improvements and it required much and constant industry to place the land under culti\'ation, erect suitable buildings, set eiut orchards and attend to the fencing, but for eight years our subject attended to these THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. affairs. Moving- then to another farm south of this one. lie remained there for three years, just as inckistrious as ever, but at tlie end of tliat time tried the cuUivation of tlie old Ware farm, in Tazewell county, returning the next year to Logan county. For the five succeeding years he lived on a farm on section ii, moving then to what is locally known as the Alexander farm, re- maining on it for two years. Mr. Carnahan then moved his family into the village of Emden and for several years engaged in ranning a thresher and corn sheller. later going back to farming for several more years. In July, 1881. how- ever, he returned to Emden and was en- gaged until October, 1898, in the hotel and drav business. Selling out his interests at that time he is now living in well-earned re- tirement. For six years he efficiently per- formed the duties of constable, in connec- tion with his other business. During the past three years he has done some buying and shipping of stock, being a man whose en- ergy will not permit him to be entirely idle. The second marriage of Mr. Carnahan was in 1881. to Mrs. Mary A. (Johnstm) Snyder, who was born in Scioto county. Ohio, on July _'. 1835. and was a daughter of James O. an was a millwright, died when his son Robert was eight years old. Owing to the death of his father our subject was obliged to assist his mother in the support of her family and did not have the opportunity to obtain as good an edu- cation as he desired. Being ambitious to make his start in life in a less crowded country than his native one, in the year 1870. when twenty-four years of age, he took passage for the United States of Amer- ica. He landed in Xew York, then jour- neyed to Pennsylvania, where he learned the trade of a mason. As he was a gcuxl me- dia. lie he was sncce'^'^ful in nbtaining em- ployment. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In 1871 he came to McLean county, Illi- nois, where he worked^ at his trade till 1875, when he located in Logan county. When Mr. Pech first settled in this county he started a brick yard, which he continued to run iov thirteen years. The first three years pro\'ed very unsuccessful, but since that time it has been just the reverse, ^^l^en he first started in this industry he had eigh- teen hundred dollars, but lost every cent in six weeks on account of the heavy rains. A little at a time he accumulated property till he is now the possessor of two hundred and forty acres of. fine farming land on sec- tion 4, Oran township, with a good resi- dence on it. He is \er\- successful as a stock raiser and the great herds grazing in his wide pastures are a pleasing sight. On October 29, 1871, Mr. Pech was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta Stark, a daughter of Jacol> Stark, who was a native of Germany, but died in \\'aterl(io, Wisconsin. The marriage ceremonv of Mr. Pech and Miss Stark was jierformed at Bloomington, Illinois, and to them were horn ten children, of whom two died in in- fancy. Their living children are : Fred- crick W.. born May 29. 1874: William P., born June 3. 1877: Henry C, torn October I, 1880: Adolf J., born April 16. 1882: Dora, born Xovember 9, 1883; Anna E.. born Xovember 5, 1885 ; Henrietta, her mother's namesake, born July 29. 1889, and Arthur, the baby, born May 29, 1896. ]\Ir. Pech. his wife and their children are strict members of the Lutheran St. Louis church. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a man who has never sought publicity Init by his honesty has won the confidence of the citizens of his coniUiuint}- who have honored him with the presidency of the scliool Ijoard and also made him a director, which place he has held for three years. He is one of Logan coun- ty's most honest and industrious farmers. His mother, who resides in Iowa at the ripe old age of eighty-three years, may well be proud of her boy who began his life work with no capital but his own strong hands and brave heart, and in a strange land has \\'on financial success and an honored name. He is truly a self-made man. Always just in his dealings, he merits the success whicli has attended his well-directed efl:'<;irts. AXTHOXY J. LUDLA^I. One of Eminence township's old and honored citizens is Anthony J. Ludlam, who has been identified with the agricultural interests of this county for almost half a century. A native of X"ew Jersey, he was born at Dennis Creek, July 6, 1827, and is a son of Jeremiah J. and Deborah A. ( Fort- iner) Ludlam. Our subject's maternal grandfather was Joshua Fortiner. who was born at Cape May, Xew Jersey, and fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer. He was lost at sea. Jeremiah J. Ludlam. the father of our subject, was also born at Cape Alay of English ancestry and made his home in the east until 1843. when he remo\'ed to Sangamon county. Illinois, \vhere he oper- ated a rented farm of one hundred and fifty acres for fi\-e years. In the meantime he had sa\-ed enough money to purchase one hundred and sixty acres, which he improved and successfully carried on until the death of his wife, which occurred December 2, 1874. He then made his home with our subject for a time, but spent his last days with his son Rhiner in Iowa, where he died. He had a family of six children, fi\e of whom still sur\-i\e him. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Tlie subject of this sketch was reared in his native state and remained under the parental rix>f until fourteen years of age. when he went to sea and si)ent three years on the briny deep. In 1843 'le accompanied the family on their removal to Sangamon county. Illinois, and was engaged in farm- ing there for five years. He was married in 1848 to Miss Priscilla S. Hand, a daughter of Nathaniel Hand, who was originally from New York and died in Xew Jersey. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Lud- 1am removed to Springfield, where he found employment in a general store, serving in the capacity of clerk for five years. In 1834 he came to Logan county, and resumeti fanning in Atlanta town.ship. where he re- sided until 1880. with the exception of three years spent on a farm of three hundred acres in Mt. Hope township. McLean county. Since then he has made his home in Emin- ence township, where he owns a fine farm of one hundred acres on section 10. This place is under a high state of cultivation and well improved, and its neat antl thrifty ap- pearance testifies to the careful supervision of the owner. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ludlam were born eleven children, of whom" five are living, namely: Ann Julietta. torn September 17. 1850: Delx)rah A.. lx>rn June 6. 185.2: An- thony J.. Jr.. born July 25. 1854: Edward E.. Ixirn May 15. 1862: and LeSitia S., l)orn October 2. 1804. Those deceased were Nathaniel H.. who died May 17. 1888: El- ton G.. who died April 2^. 1865 : Sharon T.. who died October 14. 1868: Henry H.. who died Septemljer 12. 1870: Ada P.. who died Sejrtember 22. 1874: and one who died in infancy. Besides their i»wn children Mr. and Mrs. Ludlam have reared three others from infancy. This worthy couple are noted for their kindness c.if heart and generositv and. are universally respected and esteemed. Thev are earnest and faithful members of the Methixlist church, to which their family also belong, and Mr. Ludlam is also a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows and the Masonic fraternity, being a Sir Knight. He cast his first presidential vote for Henry Clay, the ^\'hig candidate, and is now identified with the Republican jiarty. He was connected witli the legislativ e work at the state house in Springfield in an of- ficial capacity for eighteen years, and has al- ways conscientiously discharged any duty devolving upon him. whether .public or pri- vate. He is a well educated and well read man, who takes an active interest in public affairs, and is regarded as one of the ^■alued citizens of his community. He has passed the allotted age of three score years and ten but is still energetic, and with exception of occasional touches of rheumatism still en- joys good healtli. TOHX T. GREEN. John T. Green, a skillful and up-t»>-tlate farmer living on section 15. East Lincoln township, was born in Scott county. Illinois, on the 1 6th of December. 1848. his parents lieing Thomas and Mary ( Morrison ) Green. The father was a native of England, but was onlv a year old when brought by his parents to America, the family locating in Scott county. Illinois, where he grew to manhood, r.y occupation he was a farmer antl led a ipiiet and useful life. He was an active worker and faithful member of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. After residing in Scott county for many years he came to Lo- gan county and s.\^nt his last days in East Lincoln townshiii. where he passed away in THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. August, 1897, at the age of about seventy years. His wife is still living, at the age of seventy-six, and makes her home with a grandson. She is a native uf Ohio, and the mother of four children, namely: John T., of this re\-ie\v ; James N., who is a machin- ist employed in the car shops at Jacksonville, Illinois; :\Iary E., widow of A. Kilpatrick : and Daniel. The two younger live with their mother on the home farm. The subject of this sketch attended the district schools of his native county to a limited extent until sixteen years of age, and remained at home, giving bis father the bene- fit of his labdrs until twenty-four. The fol- lowing twii years he engaged in farming on his own account. On coming tO' East Lin- coln township in 1876, be located on ilie southeast quarter of section 16, which land belongs to Uncle Dan Curry, and here he has since successfully engaged in general farm- ing. He has always kept up the impro\e- ments on the jilace, and its neat and thrifty appearance testifies to his careful super- A'ision. ^\\\ Green was married in Scott county, Alarch 15, 1871, to Miss Carrie Meathering- bam. who was born in England, August 24, 1845, and came tO' this country when a child of two years. She was reared and educated in Xew York, where she li\ed until the rem(i\'al of the family to this state. Unto 'Mv. and Mrs. Green were liorn seven chil- dren, ])ut two died in infancy. Those li\'- ing are Thomas C, a farmer of East Lin- coln township; Clara, Ethel, Pearl and Jay, all at home. They were educated in the dis- trict schools of East Lincoln township. Mr. Green gives his political support to the Repulilican party, and for eleven years lie lias efficiently served as school director in bis district, having ever taken an active in- terest in educational affairs. r)Oth be and bis wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church, in which Mr. Green has served as steward and is at present the chorister, and are people of prominence in the com- munitv where thev reside. ERAXK W. COTTLE. iM-ank W. Cotlle. cashier of the Bank of I'llkbart, was Imrn in Somersetshire, Eng- land, March 15, 1847. When but f(jur }-ears of age be emijarked with his parents, Erancis E. and ,\nne (Biiurchier) Cottle, -, under Colonel R. B. Latham. On the 22i\ of July. 1862, at Carroll Station. Tennessee, the company was surrendered by the captain without lighting in defense and against the earnest protest of Mr. Harts and many of the men. for which he was soon afterward promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, and when a little later a vacancy occurred he was made first lieutenant. In the fall of 1894 the captain was called before a court martial on the charge of cowardice, and rather than meet the charge he resigned, and in Decem- ber following Mr. Harts was made captain of the company, in which capacity he served until July 12. 1865. when he was mustered out of service, but the company was not dis- banded until Aug. 5. 1865. He was a pris- oner under parole from December. 1862. until September. 1863, being confined to the Benton Barracks at St. Louis most of the lime. Then he found employment by being detached as a clerk in the post adjutant's I tlice. and on rejoining his command at Little Rock, Arkansas, he was placed in command of the first boat that ascended the Arkansas river to Fort Smith after the cap- ture of Little Rock, and made the trip with two pieces of artillery and fifty men — a dis- tance of six hundred miles — over shoals and sandbars, covering a period of thirty days <>T more, relieving the garrison at Fort Smith with provisions and clotfnng, with the loss of but a single man. He remained with the cmiinand in Arkansas and was for eighteen months constantly on duty, on military commissions and C";>urt martials, in addition to the ordinary tlulies of a line of- ficer. After his return from the war Captain Harts entered upon the study of law in the Chicago Law School, in 1865. and was graduated the following year. He was ad- mitted to the bar in April. 1866. although he was not graduated until July of that year. In August he established his ofiice in Lin- coln and awaited clients. It was not long- before he had demonstrated his ability to successfully cope with the intricate prob- lems of jurisprudence, but in the meantime he again entered military life, for in August. 1867. he was appointed by President John- son a first lieutenant in the regular army, al- tliough the appointment did not reach him until October. He accepted, but owing to his fathers death, which occurred soon afterward, he was compelled to relinquish the position. He then returned to practice in Lincoln, and was not long in gaining a lucrative business. His success affords the best evidence of his capabilities. Mr. Harts has also become largely in- terested in the development of the coal mines of Lincoln, and has been instrumental in promoting any enterprises which have proven of value to the city as well as to the stockholders. He is now the owner of much realty, and while carrying on his own business interests and placing his invest- ments he has aided materially in the im- provement of the city. In 1878 Mr. Harts was united in mar- riage with Miss Emma Brewster, of Lin- coln, a native of Xew York and a daughter of Ethan Brewster, a direct descendant of Elder Brewster of Mayflower fame. They have two sons. David H., the elder, is a graduate of the State University at Cham- paign and is now pursuing his education. 48o THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. in Heidelburg, Germany, while John M. is a graduate of the high school of Lincoln. The family have a beautiful home, which is celebrated for its gracious hospitality. :Sh-. Harts' early political training made him an Abolitionist and Republican. He received his anti-slavery sentiments from Erastus \\"right, formerly of Springfield, of whom he was a great admirer and friend. He has never felt himself bound by party ties, but has supported such measures as he believed for the general good and voted for the men whom he has regarded as best qual- ified for ofifice. In 1878 he was elected t'^ represent the thirty-first district in the gen- eral assembly, and in 1881 he was chosen chief executive of the city of Lincoln. In 1888 he made the race for governor on the Prohibition ticket, and has long been widely known as an ardent advocate of the tem- perance cause. He has never used intox- icants and supports all objects which tend to the uplifting of his fellow men. In early life he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his life has been molded by his Christian faith. He is some- what retiring, but always courteous and kindly in manner. . He holds friendship in- violable and every trust sacred. Faultless in honor, fearless in reputation and stainless in conduct, the life history of David H. Harts is one which refiects credit upon his profession and the city of his residence. SILAS H. DRAKE. The Drake family of Logan cnmty. Illinois, traces an English ancestry to the noted Sir Frances Drake, and later its mem- bers became distinguished in connection A\ith the Revolutionary war, and prominent in the early struggles and settlement of the American colonies. Silas H. Drake, of this biography, who is a prominent and substantial citizen of Logan county, is a worthy representJltive of this honorable family. The birth of }ilr. Drake occurred in Miamisburg, Mimtgom- ery county, Ohio. July 9. 1843, and he is a son of Charles S. and Lucy E. (Clayton) Drake, the former of whom was born Au- gust II. 1802, in Alontrose, New Jersey, and the latter at Glory Hole. Clayton's ?ilills. near ^ilonmouth. Xew Jersey. Jan- uary 9, 181 1, their marriage taking place in August, 1826. in Munnmuth. For two years Air. and Mrs. Drake re- sided in Monmouth, emigrating then to Mi- amisburg, Ohio, where for seven years Mr. Drake carried on a shoemaking business, going from there to Delaware county, the location of the \\'esleyan University, and lived there until 1852. At that date he re- mined his family to Knox county. li;cating nine miles south of Mt. \'erncn, that state, and CLming to Illinois in 1855. The eight hundred acres of land which Mr. Drake then purchased was raw prairie, and much labor was required to place this land under cultivaticiu. In doing this it was necessary to use four yoke of oxen, the machinery needed, also, being of a very primitive kind, according to the ideas of the present farmer. Neighbors were far apart, railroads few, and the nearest market was at Springfield. Here, however, he passed long and useful years, buying much land, at one time own- ing one thousand acres: filling all of the prominent and responsible offices in the gift of his fellow-citizens, and dying June 24, 1891. esteemed and regretted by the whole community. His whole life bad been (jiie filled with devotion to his family, church and country, his religious connec- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 481 tion liaving long been witli the Metlitxlist cliurcli. at Willianisville. In tlie Masonic order he was higlily vaUied, also in the In- dependent Order of Odd Ih'IIows. and was an ardent supporter oi the Republican party. The honored and beloved niDther of nur subject passed away January ly, 189O, and l)oth i)arents were reverently interred at i'ancy Creek cemetery. The\- were parents of ten children as follows: John, who went to California and dieil there in 1S49: Thefxlore who died at the age if c:ne and one-half years; Charles. wh<) died in in fancy; Moses C. who married ]\liss Jennie Van Osdell, of Crawfordsville. Indiana. and both are now deceased; Henry, wlm married Cdlumliia A. McKinney. of Spring- field, where they reside: Charles 12). wlm is a graduate of ^'ale Cnllege and Drew Theological Semin;n-y and is ;i merchant in Xew Haven. Cimnecticut : .Silas I!., i^t this sketch: Octavius. wlm married Alice Wea- ver and later went U> C'alifurnia. where he died: Zachery T.. who married ^laggie Lcxrkridge and resides un the old home- stead: and Lizzie, who is the wife of Charles Clampet and resides in Jacksonville, Illi- nois. The early educatiim of the subject of this sketch was obtained in the Liiui drove dis- trict .school, but his studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the Civil war. Although but seventeen years of age, he left his books to become a defender of his country, enlist- ing in her service August 29, 1861, in Com- ])any K, Fifth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and he was accompanied by his brother Oc- tavius, who was but fifteen years old. The loyal spirit of both ])aternal and maternal ancestry burned in their veins, (jrandfather Clayton having been a soldier in the Patriot army and suffering imprisonment at the bat- tle of Princeton; Thomas Kane, another an- cestcir. also serving in the same army; still another \aliantly ser\ing under Commodore I'erry. while his father was a member oi the militia called out once a year after the Uevo- luti(.nary war. .Mr. Drake, of this skctcli, served faitiifnlly through three years and three months, and took part in the battles of Champion Hills, Jackson, Mississippi, and tiie siege of Vicksburg, being honorably dis- charged November 14, 1864. During the two years following his re- turn fro.m the army Mr. Drake was a student at the \\ esleyan I'niversity at Bloomington, and then went as far west as Nebraska, where he took up a homestead claim ami lived upon it for three years, but later re- turned to lUinriis and exchanged his farm there for one he n(iw occupies, and resided w ith his father for ten years. On December 1 1, 1879. at the old home- stca ' m this county, he was united in mar- riage to ]Miss Sarah Wright, who was born in Watseka, Illinois, .August 11, i8r)0. She was a daughter of Samuel T. and Laura (\\'a.shbum) ^^'right, the former of whom was a native of New York, and the latter of Prairie City. Illinois. Father Wright was killed al uie battle of the Wilderness, after which time the mother came west ami lo- cated at Prairie City and there married James Chandler, both being now^ deceased. The three children of the first marriage were as follows: Clara, wdio married Joseph Lindley. later Jose])h Pratt, the editor of a news])aper in Webster City. Iowa: Aleta. the wife of David liacon, who is a large mine owner :md resides in Wel)b City, Iowa: and .Sar.ah. the wife of our sul)ject. .\fter marriage Mr. and ]Mrs. Drake lo- cated on the farm which they have since ()-ci")i,'d and wi'i'b is one of the very best in Logan countv. It consists of two bun- 482 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. drr J. niif! fort} acres of the best land in Hurl- l)ut township, and his elegant, modern residence, just completed, is an ideal country home. ^Ir. Drake is a fine farmer and stock raiser, and has served in many repre- sentative offices in his township. For fifteen years he was the most efficient com- missioner of highways and one of the town- ship trustees. He is a member of the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen and Farmers' Alliance orders, and in politics is one of the stanch Democrats of this sec- tion. The children born to :Mr. and >,Irs. Drake are as follows : Clara, born April 20. 1881 ; Lucy, born June 14, 1883: John C. born Jnlv 30. 1886: and Cora, born September 27. '1889. FRANK ATLASS. Success is determined by one's aliility to recognize opportunity and to pursue this with a resolute and unflagging energy. It results from continued labor, and the man who thus accomplishes his purpose usually becomes an important factor in the business circles of the community with which he is connected. Through such means Mr. At- lass has attained a leading place among the representative business men of Lincoln. He was born in the village of Grivia, Germany, August 5. 1868, and in 1871 ac- companied his parents, ]\Ioses and Rebecca Atlass, on their emigration to America. The family landed in New York, and pro- ceeded at once to Indianapolis, Indiana, where they resided for fifteen years, and then removed to Lafayette, that state, where the parents made a permanent home and still reside. Frank Atlass attended the public schools of Indianapolis, completing his education in the high school of that city. He then began his business career at Lafayette, Indiana, as a member of the firm of ]\Iax Atlass & Brcther, dealers in poultry. At the end of four years he sold his interest in the com- pany and remo\ed to Decatur, Illinois, where he carried on the same business, buying out the firm of Bills & Mason. After two years spent at that place he disposed of his interests there, and in 1890 came to Lin- coln and opened an establishment in a build- ing owned by Frank Frorer, as a wholesale dealer, packer and shipper of poultry, eggs, butter, hides, wool and junk. When that Iniilding was burned he bought property in Lincoln, and subsequently purchased his ])resent store house, which he has enlarged and remodeled, making it one of the best buildings adapted to his business to be found in this section of the state. It is a large, substantial brick structure. Mr. Atlass' l)usiness in Lincoln has grown so rapidly that he new furnishes employment to fifty people, and ships annually from this place two or three hundred carloads, his principal markets being New Yo^rk City and Boston, Massa- chusetts. He has established branch houses at Carlinville, Delavan, Mt. Pulaski, Bone Gap and New Holland, Illinois, and has a manager at- each place. His business at Lincoln now amounts to over a quarter of a million dollars annually. He is one of the directors of the Lincoln National Bank, and has already accumulated considerable property. At present he is erecting an ele- gant residence on North Logan street, which will be modern in all its appointments and will cost at least fifteen thousand dollars. I\Ir. Atlass married Miss Sarah Barnard, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and they now have two children : Irma and Harry Leslie. Politically Mr. Atlass is a stanch supporter THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 483 of the Republican party and its principles : iind socially is a member df Lincoln Lodge. X(). 204, I. O. O. F. As a business man he is best known. lio\vc\cr, and in all liis undertakings he has prospered thus far. his excellent success being but tiie logical result of his careful and painstaking business methods. He is still comparatively a young man. but has already \von an enviable posi- tion in commercial circles. gec)R(;e h, smith. Among the prosjierous farmers of Broad- well township, Logan county. Illinois, is George H. Smith, who resides on a hue farm on section 27. He is the son of George J. Smith and Elizabeth ( Luckhart ) Smith. The father was the son of Balthaser Smith. who never came to America but resided in Germany all his life. George J. Smith was born in Hesse, Germany, in 1842. and after coming to America in 1S64 he married Elizabeth Luckhart, who was also born in Germany in 1838. They .settled in Xew York City, where they lived for eight years. They had eight children, namely : Lewis H., who resides at home in Broadwell township; Elizabeth, wife of Lincoln Eisiminger, also of Broadwell: George, our subject; Martha, who died in childhood: Katie, wife of Frank Davison, of Clinton, Illinois; Mary H. ; An- nie, wife of James R. AN'roughton, of Broad- well township; and Frank R.. at home. George J. Smith is a shoemaker by trade and has carried on this calling ever since coming to America, and he is one of the few who have made a success of this line of business. Many years ago he settled in the village of Broadwell. where he has be- come quite prominent and has long been a member of the school board. He is also con- nected with the Independent Order of Odd i-"ello\\s. lie is a consistent member of the Christian church, in which he is serving as a deacon and trustee, and is \ery highly re- spected by all who know him. He is well etlucated in the German language and has learned to speak and write English since coming to America through his own un;iided efforts. George H. Smith, our sulijecl. was born I\ larch 2b. 1870, and during the winter months attended the district school, receiv- ing a good common education. In the si)ring and summer he worked by the month u])on the farms in the surrounding district luitil he became of age. During all this time he was very frugal and saved his money and was thus enabled to engage in farming for himself, now C)i>erating a farm of three hundred and eighty-six acres of land, which he devotes to general farming and stock- raising. He has operated this farm since 1898 and has made a number of improve- ments upon it. The farm is in a well culti- \ated state and shows the results of good management, yir. Smith is a member of the Christian church of Broadwell. and is a liljeral supporter of the same. Being a }oung man of energy, a hard worker and understanding farming thoroughly, he is very successful, and has also won the resjject and esteem of all who know him b_\- his many excellent qualities. GEORGE W. \'OXDERLIETH. One of the re])resentati\e and prominent business men of Mt. Pulaski was George W. \'onderlieth. a well-known and successful dealer in windmills, ])umps and go\-ernors to 484 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the same. A native of Logan county, he was born in Mt. Pulaski township on the 4th of July, 1859, and a son of Henry and Catherine Vonderlieth, who are mentioned more fully in a sketch of his brotlier on an- other page of this volume. 'Sir. Vonderlieth was reared and edu- cated in this county, and was married in i88i to Miss Catherine \\'. :\Iiller, of ilt. Pulaski, a daughter of Christian and Caro- line (\\"ittigj Miller. Two children blessed this union, namely : -\!ma C, a graduate of the Mt. Pulaski high school; and Leonore, n.ow seven years of age. For several years Sh: \'onderlieth was in partnership with Cliarles F. Schafer in the hardware and implement business at ]\It. Pulaski, and together they built up a large and profitable trade. As manufacturers of and dealers in windmills they have a good business, and when the partnership was dis- solved by mutual consent Mr. \'onderlieth took that branch of their business, to which he since added many specialties, until he carried a large and varied stock. He was one of the most extensive dealers in his line in this part of the cauntry, and enjoyed a large trade, extending over several states. His windmills became noted for their efficiency and durability, and therefore fouuil a ready sale. For some years Air. \'(inder- heth manufactured the "Yankee" windmill. which proved a success, and was also dealer in other kinds. Besides his business prop- erty Mr. Vonderleith owned a fine fann situ- ated within the corporate limits of ]\It. Pulaski, and a handsome residence, sur- rounded by a large lawn ornamented by na- tive forest trees. Socially he was a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Woodmen of the \\'orld, and was a charter member of the ■Nit. Pulaski fire department, in which he alwavs took an active interest. While inde- pendent in politics, he had been township treasurer many years but refused other offices. He was widely and favorably known as an.upright and honorable man, and, with his wife, was a member of the Second Lu- theran church. Mr. \'nnderlieth died Oc- tober 7, 1 90 1. ALFRED C. SCROGGIX. Alfred C. Scroggin is a prosperous farmer and the efficient supervisor of Mount Pulaski township. His residence in the county covers fifty-nine years — the entire period of his life, for he was borii upon a farm in Mount Pulaski township, Alay 14, 1842, and throughout the years of his busi- ness activity he has been connected with ag- ricultural interests here. His father, Leon- ard K. Scroggin, is a prominent and wealthy banker of Mount Pulaski. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Lavinia Buckles and was the daughter of Robert Buckles, was born and reared in Logan county and is a representative of one of its honored pioneer families. Amid the quiet scenes of rural life Al- fred C. Scroggin spent his boyhood and youth, assisting in the work of the fields from the time of early spring planting un- til the harvests were garnered in the late au- tumn. He then entered the district school and after mastering the preliHtinary branches of English learning, continued his studies in a select school at Mechanicsburg. L'pon the home farm he remained until twenty-one years of age and then started out upon an independent business career, but made no change in his occupation. As a companion and helpmate for the A. C. SCROGGIN. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUN05S THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 487 journey t)f life Mr. Scroggin chose ^liss Mary Erances Pliillippc. a native ni Cham- paign county, llHnois. and a ilau,L;hter ot John and Jane (F.uscy.) Phillippe. 'I"hc wedding was celehrated in 18A5, and the voung people l)egan their domestic lite upon a farm, but soon removed to the village (jf :Mount Pulaski, where Mr. Scroggin en- gaged in the grain and stock business for several years. He then went tn Champaign county and devoted his time to farming and handling stock, but after a few years he returned to Mount Pulaski township. where he purchased two hundred and forty acres of choice land on sections 3 and 4. his residence being on section 4. Here he was actively engaged in the tilling of the .soil fm- twelve years, when, wishing to pro- vide liis children with liettcr educational prixileges than the district schools afford- ed, he again went to' Augusta, Kansas, where he remained two years, and then returned tu tlie village <>i .Mdunt Pulaski, where he m;ide liis home for eie\en years. On the expiraliim nx that period he again took up his residence upnn his farm and has since conducted it with grati- fying success. In 1876 he erected here a line residence and has since built good Ijarns. sheds and all the necessary outbuikl- ings for the shelter of grain and stock. He raises hogs and cattle of high grades, breeding from thoroughbred males. He also buys and feeds a large number of cat- tle and hogs, shipping from two to three car loads annually. The farm upon which he resides is one of the old ones of the county. having been impro\ed by William Cope- land alKnit 1832. — ten years before the birth of our subject. Mr. Scroggin has made it one of the valuable farming ])roperties in the county, improved witJi ;ill modern ac- cessories anractice. remaining there until ajipointed to his present position by Ciovernor Yates in 1901. He has much natural ability, but is withal a close student antl believes thor- oughly in the maxim "there is no excellence without labor." His devotion to the duties of his profession, therefore, combined with a comprehensive understanding of the jjrin- ciples of the science of medicine, has made him a most successful and able practitioner, whose prominence is well deserved. At Hillsboro. in 1875, Dr. McLean was united in marriage with Miss Lina Kerr, who was born in Ohio, in 1850, and was ed- ucated in the public schools and llillsboro Academy. Her parents both died in this state. The Doctor and his wife have one son, licnjaniin ( )., born in l'"el)ruary, 1886. They are both nieniljcrs of the Methodist ]'"])isc(*pal church, and he is connected with se\eral fraternal orders, including the Ma- sons, which he joined in 1876. As a Re- ])ublican he takes quite an active part in poli- tics, and is very prominent in medical circles. Dr. McLean has for many years been active in Republican circles, having been mayor of llillsboro three terms, chairman of the county and congressional Republican central committees, and during the campaign of 1900 was on the McKinley electoral ticket. JOSEPH A. SNOOK. Joseph A. Snook, who carries on farm-* ing most successfully on section 24, At- lanta township, has spent most of his life in that locality, and is a worthy representative of one of its honored families, Ijeing a son of John A. and Allsha (Hendrickson) Snook. The father was born in ^Maryland, ^larch li, i8jo, and in early life engaged in the distill- ing business for a few years, but the greater part of his attention was always devoted to agricultural pursuits and he became one of the extensive farmers of Logan county. In 1864 he removed from Indiana to McLean county. Illinois, and snl)sequently took ii]i his residence in Logan count}', ha\ing iiropcrty in both counties. Here he died July JO, JOOO. leaving a large family and a host of friends to mourn his loss. He was what the world terms a self-made man, having started in life with na capital save that acquired through his own unaided exertions. He was left an or])han at a tender age and was reared by strangers. His wife departed this THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. life August 7. 1890. They were the parents of tliirteen eliildren, seven of whom reached years of maturity. The subject of this sketch was born in Jay county, Indiana, August 16, 1859, and in 1864 came with his parents to this state, being reared on tlie farm in Atlanta town- ship, Logan county, where he still resides. He now owns one hundred and fifty acres of land, and is quite successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits. He received a good common school education, is industrious, en- terprising and progressive, and is regarded as one of the best citizens of his community. ^Ir. Snook was married, February 19, 1882, to Miss Emma ^lorford, a daughter of Robert Muntv: Miggie. ;ii lidme; I-'rank. w sists his father in the livery stable also town marshal : Samuel, Xettie. McDonald. Oilie. Lulu and (ieorge. a their parents. l~or several years Mr. has served as school director of ()r\ il ship, and in his political afliliations 1 stanch Democrat. He and all liis are members of the Bethel Cliristian c and in the coninuniity they have friends. Xoali GEORGE A. KRETZIXGER. G. A. Kretzinger, postmaster at Latham, Illinois, and one nf the prominent citizens of this locality, was born in Latham, March lO, 1869. and is a son of \\'. H. and Sarah E. (Leib) Kretzinger. both of whom were na- tives of Ohio. The father is still living, aged sixtv, while the mother died at Latham in Ai)ri!, 1889. W. H. Kretzinger, with his family, came to Illinois soon after his marriage in Ohio, and for a short time farmed near Warsaw. Later they removed to Logan county, long before the construction of the railroad in this locality. The father was a farmer and our subject's boyhood was spent on a farm. He not only received a common school edu- cation but also was given the advantage nf attending an excellent business college at Springfield. Illinois, when he was about nine- teen years i;f age. After finishing this course he worked at various callings, among other things clerking in a Chicago hotel for two years, and one year he s])ent in Kansas City. Missouri. Returning to his early home Mr. Kretz- inger was married in 1894 to .Miss luniice Clark, (jf Latham, and two children have been l)r,rn of this imion of Jficob and Katie (Schaefer) Xix, both natives of Germany. The i)arents passed their lives in their native count rv, where the father died in i8qo and the mother in iSSr,. They had .1 family of four children, these being: i'hiloptne. who resides, unm;irried, in ( )ran townshii), this 492 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county ; Mary, widow of Gustave Kneclit, of tlie same township, whoi died in 1890; Annie, who is the wife of Henry Tisenger and re- sides on the Rhine in Germany ; and Jacub the youngest of the family. Until he was fourteen years of age Jacob Nix was a schoolboy in his native land, after which he followed farming until he was drafted into the German army, in December. 1869. His ser\'ices co\-ered two years and he took part in the Franco-Prussian war, surviving nine fierce battles. The year fol^ lowing the war he spent in his Fatherland, but in October, 1873, he came to Elkhart township, Logan county, Illinois^ and en- gaged in farm work by the month, finding plentv of employment. For some two )'ears Mr. Nix rented land, gradually preparing to locate in a desirable part of the county and establish a home. Mr. Nix was united in marriage, Febru- ary 12, 1882, in Springfield, Illinois, to Miss Barbara Tanbenreiter, who was born in Ger- many, February 6, 1852. She was a daugh- ter of Henry Tanbenreiter, also a native of Germany, where l)oth nf her parents dietl, having ]i\-ed upon a farm all their li\-es. Mrs. Nix came to Springfield, Illinois, from her German hoane in 1881. She was one of a family of twelve children, as follows: Conrad, who resides in Germany; Katie, who married and died in Germany ; Barbara, who married Conrad Bellman and resides in Springfield, Illinois; Efhe, who resides in Germany and recei\-es a pension from tha German government, her deceased husband having been an official : while the others, with the exception of ]\lrs. Nix. still remain at the old home. Three children have been born to ^h. and Mrs. Nix, as follows: Avey, wife of David Cowhick, of \Vinchester, Scott coun- ty, Illinois; Henry, at home; and Anna B., who also remains at home. After his mar- riage Mr. Nix continued to farm, and now operates a large estate in section 30, Elkhart township, where he has been particularly suc- cessful in raising high-grade stock for mar- ket. He is considered one of the best farm- ers in his locality and is surroimded with every comfort. His political belief is in the Democratic part}-, and he is a leading mem- ber of the German Lutheran church, in Lin- coln, Illinois. PATRICK MURPHY. Patrick Murphy, one of the substantial farmers of Ilurlbut township, Logan county, Illinois, was born in County Carlow, Ire- land, July 25, 1825, a son of John and Brid- get (Roach) Murphy, natives of Ire- land, the latter born in County Wexford, The parents were married in their native land, where the fatlier engaged in farming and stone-cutting, and where he ilied in 1827, his wife surviving him until 1856. Into this family were born the following children : Catherine, who married Alichael Welsh, the fomier of whom died in Menard county, Illi- nois, and the latter in Texas ; Ann, who be- came the wife of Lawrence Murphy and died in Ireland ; Julia, who is the widow of [Michael Ryan and lives in Freeport, Illinois; Patrick ; and Thomas, who married Maggie Walters, l)oth of whom died in Freeport, Illinois.' In his native land Patrick Murphy at- tended the public schools until his fourteenth vear, after which he worked for his step- father, Patrick Burns, until he was eighteen vears old. Following this he lived with his sister for a time, and April 8. 1849, i" com- panv with his brother, he embarked for THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 493 America from Wexford. The .sailiiisj craft Don Bnxlie had a calm and pleasant voyage, under command of Captain Williams, and the brothers landed in New Ndrk Mav i. 1849. For a day and a night Mr. Murpliy remained in New York City, and the follow- ing Sunday morning arrived in Bennington, \'ermont. In that state he worked by the montii on a farm for seven dollars and a hall". Iiis hours of service extending from tdur in the morning until nine in the exening. At the end of a year he sought tn better his con- dition by remo\-ing to Hoosick l'"alls. Xcw \'ork. where he worked for one man un his farm for tive yeai's. In the fall of 1834 be went by rail to Chicago, Illinois, and from there to Springfield, l)eing unsuccessful in finding work in either place. Somewhat dis- couraged, he went to Chatham, but was st^on sent for to fill a position in the .\merican Hotel, at Springfield, at twenty-fix e dollars I)er month. Springfield was then but a small village, and the hotel was located on the southeast corner of the square. After a year and a half Mr. Murphy repaired to Freeport. Illinois, where, after a long illness, he en- gaged in different occupatinns. among them being that of hardware, contracting and railroading. On August 9. 1855. at Galena, Illinois, Mr. Murphy was united in marriage with Ann Barrons, a native of County }kleath, Ireland, born August 15, 1836. The par- ents of Mrs. Murphy, Thomas and Catherine (Tallon) Barrons, were natives, respect- ively, of County ]\Ieath and County Louth, Ireland. The father was a farmer in his native land, and emigrated to America in 1850 on the .sailing vessel Fidelia, the vov- age consuming five weeks and three days. The trij) was a stormy one, and there was one death aboard ship. Landing in Xew York May 10, 1850, the Barrons family came to Illinois after a visit of a month, and located fifteen miles southwest of Freeport. <:n a farm of one hundre\ valuable land. Mr. liarrons held almo.st all <■{ the tciwnship .ifiices. He was a Demo- crat, and a niembt-r of the Catholic church, and was well thought nf all through the county. Of the children born tn this cnuple. I^ennis married Alary Malian and lived in Freeport, and both are dead: Mary is also deceased, as is her husband, Israel Sheets, of Stockton. Illinois; John died from the eiifects I if e\])osnre while serving in an illinnis regi- ment iluring the Civil war: Ann is the wife I'i I'atrick Alurphy : Catherine died at the age of fifty-three years: I'atrick. who never married, .served during the Ci\il war, was assistant postmaster at Xew C)rleans, and died at the age of forty-eight xears : Lucv resitles at Freeport and keeps lu;use for her brother, Josejjh Barrons, the next of the fam- ily : and Eliza died at the age if eleven vears. After his marriage Mr. .Murphy lived for five years in Freeport, Illinois, and then went to Sangamon County, where he remained for a year and a half. In Menard county he then purchased forty acres of land, upon which he lived for seven years, and then .sold the same and rented land for two years. He later came to Hurlbut township. Logan county, and bought the farm upon which he now lives, and which contains two hundred acres on section 9. He has a fine home, situated on a high knoll, and raises the best marketable stock and engages in general THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. farming. In politics ,lie is a Democrat, and with his family is a member of the Catholic church. The children born to :\Ir. and ilrs. :\Iur- ])hy are: Bridget, bcirn ^lay 28, 1836, is the wife of ^[ichael Grennan. has ten chil- dren, and lives on a farm of ten hundred and eighty acres in Whiteside county; John, liurn December 8, 1858, married Bridget ]\Iurph\-, has four children, and li\es at Glenarm, Sangamon county; Eliza. Imrn Xi)\ember 7, j86i. died June 5, 1890; Ahuy. b..rn Feb- ruary 2. 1864, is not married, and lias en- gaged in educational work in the i)ul)lic itteen }ears : li\-es iin a Kiis: Lucy. 1 ,.f John Ka imas, M: schools.. f I'llkhart for Ijorn Aijril 12. i86fi. A\"hiteside cnunty, Illi II, 1868. is the wife lives near McCook. Nebraska; William, born September 25, 1869, lives ou a farm in Ld- gan countv : Catherine, born January 1 7. 1S72. lives with her parents; James, burn Tanuarv j8. 1875. is time-keeper on the canal being built thmugh lllinciis; and Ji>seph. born August S, 1878. lives with his parents. CHARLES A^'. TYLER. Logan county is fortunate in luuing in its offices men of well known Inisiness abil- ity and of un(|uestioned loyalty and iimbity. Such a one is Charles W. Tyler, who has per\-ed as county super\isor from Prairie Creek township. He is variously connected with the agricultural and industrial inter- ests of the county, and in every relation of life has borne himself in a manner to win the confidence, good will and respect of his fellow citizens. Few people can trace their ancestry in autlientic line to a more remote period than Mr. Tyler, who is descended from the fa- mous Wat Tyler of England, who. in the }-ear 1831, labm-ed to free the poorer class of England from the excessive burden of taxation placed upon it by the aristocracy. J-le is mentioned in Longfellow's poem en- titled Miles Standish. He had three sons, Sanu'cl, John .-ind William, who emigrated to this country and from the last named the subject of this review , is descended. Prominent representatives of the name have been connected with events shaping the history of the country and the p(3Sterity of the three 1)rothers is now a \ery numer- ous one. Cai)tain John Tyler, the father of Charles W'.. is known to every old inhabit- ant of this part of Illinois, being numbered among the pioneers of the locality. He was born in Penn 'N^an, Yates cnunty. New York. July 10, 1810. and was united in marriage to ^Nliss Susan Battle on the ist of January, 1838. After her death he was married again, September i, 1844. iii R^iys- -\ille. Henry county. Indiana, his second union Iieing with Mahala Willits, and their first child was Charles W. Tyler, whose name introduces this review, and who was l)orn in Raysxille. Xovember 9, 1845. In 1852 Cajjtain Tyler and his family started westward, traveling in a "prairie schooner" until they arrived at ^Nliddletown, Logan county. Illinois. February 2, 1852, which was then an important trading point. There a settlement was made, Init after two years they remo\-ed to Prairie Creek town- ship, locating upon a farm where the sub- ject of this re\-iew was reared to manhood. The schools of the neighborhood were of a rather primitive character and therefore his educational ])rivileges were limited, but ex- perience, reading and observation in later vears have made him a well informed man. With the other meml)ers of the familv he C. W. TYLER. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. 497 experienced many hardsliips and trials of pioneer life in the early days. The settlers lived large! \- ujxvn wild game — deer, dncks and geese, all nf which were plentiful. The nearest market was Pekin, which was twentv-five miles distant, two days heing required to make the trij). Corn sold fur ten cents per hushel and coal cost ten cents per hushel. It was principally used for fuel, for the timher in this locrdity was \ery scarce. :Mr. Tyler assisted in the work of the home farm, the planting and plowing, and in all other departments of the laljor neces- sary for the development of the land and the cultivation of the cnips. On the i6th of September. 1866, however, he started out to make his own way in the world, and after traveling for two weeks in a prairie schooner through rain and mud he arri\ed at Columbia, Boone county, Missouri. In that localitv he carried nn farming until September, 1867, l.iut at that time the coun- trv in that region was still full of bush- whackers, and he still bears the scar from a wound receixed while chasing a gang of those lawless men. The conditions of the country led him to return east, and he went to Wellington, Lorain county, Ohioi. but soon afterward removed to Cleveland. There he learned the carpenter's trade, and after comjjleting his apprenticeship he re- moved to Anderson, Madison county, In- diana, where he mastered the German lan- guage. His rte.Kt place of residence was Indianapolis, Indiana, and in February, 1877, he returned with his family to Prairie Creek township. In the meantime he had been married to Miss H. J. .\ldrich. who was a teacher in the institute for the blind, in Indianapu- lis. the wedding taking ])lace (X-tciber 7, 1874. She lived little more than fuur years after their marriage, dying January 16, i87(), and leaxing him with twu small children: Pessie !•"... who married janies Weaver and the)- reside at ();ik- ford. lllinuis: SimcdU A. married Mina Teagarden. of Steuben county. Indiana, and they reside at San Jose. Illinois. On the _'4th of December, following, he mar- ried Miss Catherine Woehrle, of Forest Citv, Mason county, Illinois, and by this uniiin there have been born five children, four (if wh(im are living: Byron F., Lill- ian W.. Frederick C. and Mary C. all at home. U|)on again coming to Logan county Mr. Tvler resumed farming and is now the owner of a valuable farming property near San Jose. This is under a high state of cul- tivation and is supplied with all modern ac- cessories and conveniences for facilitating his work and rendering it more effective. While he is a progressive and energetic agriculturist, he does not confine his atten- tion along this line of endeavor, being one of the directors and the vice-president of the Citizens Coal & Mining Company, of Lincoln, and a stockholder in the San Jose Bank, of San Jo.se. His fellow citizens, recognizing his worth and ability, as well as his patriotic citizenship, have elected him to public office. In 1880 he was chosen for the position of town clerk, in which capacity he acceptaljly' served for eight years, and in 1889 he was elected super- visor of Prairie Creek township, filling that ])osition continuously for nine years. Over his jHiblic life there falls no shadow of wrong, for at all times he has been loyal til his duty. In business transactions his course is ever straightforward, and in all life's relations he has commanded the re- spect of his fclliiw men. The success he has achieved is the result of his uwn ef- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. forts, for in early manhood when he started out in Hfe he had no capital, and it has been the years of industry and enterprise which have brought to him prosperity. EDWARD B. XICHOLSOX. One of the most progressive farmers and reliable and esteemed citizens of Logan county, Illinois, is Edward B. Nicholson. who was born :May 4. 185 1. in Elkhart Grove, this county, and is a son of John and Mary E. (Constant) Nicholson, the former a native of Yorkshire. England, and the lat- ter of Sangamon county. Illinois, born on Wolf creek. John Nicholson canTe to America and lo- cated in this state. He met and married ]\Iary E. Constant, in Springfield. Illinois. He engaged in farming near Elkhart Grove and Ijecame the possessor of two hundred acres of fertile land. His death occurred in 1S54. His widow later married R. C. Lloyd, a native of Virginia, and they lived on the farm owned by the widow until 1866. when they remo\ed to the farm known in this neighborhood as the Miles Leach farm, where they remained until 1886. when they made a trip to Iowa, prospecting, but shortly after INIr. Lloyd was taken ill at a hotel and died, in 1890. The mother of our subject died December 21. 1900. Edward B. Nicholson, of this sketch, was one in a family of three children by the first marriage of ^Irs. Lloyd, his one sister and one brother being, — Hattie. who died at the age of seventeen years; and J. T.. who mar- ried Anna Bogardus, of Elkhart, Illinois, and resides at Dexter, Kansas. The chil- dren by the second marriage were as follows : Julia, who died at the age of seventeen years ; Henry L., unmarried, a retired farmer living in Lincoln, Illinois ; Garrett, who died at the age of twenty years ; Robert, who died at the age of 'two years; and John B., who is mar- ried and resides at W'ellman, Iowa. Edward B. Nicholson, of this biography, passed his boyhood attending school, being an apt and ambitious student in the Prairie College school-house in Elkhart. He as- sisted his father on the farm until he was twenty-three years old, preparing for his later successful agricultural life. Mr. Nicholson was united in marriage, October 20. 1873, at Elkhart, Illinois, to- Miss Lizzie Chick, who was born in Spring- field in 1852, and was a daughter of Robert Chick, a native of Kentucky. Her death oc- curred Alarch 20, 1881. Air. Nicholson was married February ^o, 1886, at Winfield, Kansas, to ]^Iiss Jennie Cochran, a native of Saybrook. Illinois, born November 29. 1866, and the daughter of John Cochran, who was born in Palestine, Illinois, February 14, 1830. and his wife. Lizzie (Jordan) Coch- ran, who was torn in Gosport, Indiana. Feb- ruar}- 22. i't>2,7- and in that city was married ]\larch 20. 1855. yir. and Mrs. Cochran remained for a time in Gosport, and then re- moved to AIcLean county, Illinois, locating at Saybrook, where he engaged in farming, but later removed to Winfield, Kansas, where he owns two hundred and forty acres^ of land. The mother died November 20, 1S94. and she was laid to rest at Prairie Ridge, Kansas. In 1862 Mr. Cochran en- listed for ser^ite in the Civil war, entering Company F, One Hundred and Sixteenth Volunteer Infantry, and served gallantly through four years, accompanying General Shennan in all of his campaigns. He was mustered out as orderly sergeant, in June, 1865. He is an honoi-ed member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and attends- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 499 and liberally supports the Christian church. In politics he is a Democrat. Mrs. Nicholson is one of a family of three sons and three daughters born to her par- ents, namely. Alfred, who married Minnie Caster and resides at Eatonville. Kansas; James, who married Hattie Oertington and resides at Eatonville, Kansas; Jennie L.. the wife of our subject; Nellie, who married Newton Julien and resides at Black well, Oklahoma; John W'., who married Eliza Thompson and resides at Eatonville ; and Julia, who died in infancy. Four children were born to Mr. Nichol- son by his first wife, namely: Hattie M., bom November i6, 1875, died Januan,- 24, 1880; John E.. born August 15, 1878, re- sides with his father; Hallie :M.. born Au- gust 24. 1880. married, March 8, 1898. Orf French, resides at Mt. Pulaski and has one son, — Harold ; and Thomas J., born October 12, 1882. resides with his parents. The children of the second marriage were : Con- stant, who was lx)rn January 5, 1887, and died July 26, 1888; Nellie, born December 10. 1889; and Mvrtle, lx>rn December 18, 1892. After his marriage Mr. Nicholson went to Kansas and soon became identified with public aflfairs in Winfield, being made mar- shal there and holding the position for three years. The next year and a half were spent in Illinois, but he then went back to Kansas, where he bunger. Jolm F. Talmage was educateil in the district schools of Logan county and the high school of Lincoln, and also took a course at the business college at Burlington, Iowa. He aided his father in the management oi the home farm, and de\eloped. when quite young, amliitions and industrious tendencies. After his father's death he came into the possession of his present properties, which he has managed with skill and upnn strict liusiness principle^. He has built a pleasant home at the corner of Wyatt avenue and Hamilton street. Lincoln, Avhere he has made his home since the au- tumn of 1901. In i8q3 Mr. Talmage married Louise Friend, a daughter of Hiram Friend, now deceased. ]Mrs. Talmage was born in 1874, and had one sister, Mattie, who is now the Avife of I. P. Dehner, of Lincoln. Two chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Tal- mage. Hiram F. and Marie L.. who were born, respectively, in 1894 and 1900. Mr. Talmage is a Repu])lican in politics, but has never sought office. Fraternally he is asso- ciated with the Knights of Pythias and with the Modern ^\'oodmen of America. JOHN C. GRAHAM. John C. Graham, one of the prosperous and well-known farmers of Logan county, was born in County West Meath. Ireland, October 10. 1836, a snn df \\ illiam and Ann ( Lowe ) Graham, nati\es 1 .f the same part of Ireland. The parents were married in their native land, and there the mother died in 1844. The father, entertaining large hopes of life in America, emigrated with his fam- ily of five children, in 1849. The journey was undertaken in a sailing vessel, and lasted three weeks, the voyagers settling in New Jersey, where the father pur- cliased fortv acres of land where the town of Clayton is now locateil. Life in the new country so auspiciously begun was destined to be overtaken with misfortune, for when three nmuths had elapsed the father sickened and died and the children were face to face with tlie dire problem of their own su]3i)ort. Jijhn C. had received a limited ed- ucation in Ireland, but he was an industrious lad and faced the great calamity of his fa- ther's death with fortitude and practical as- sistance, for he at once began to work on a farm by the month. Hoping to better his pr(is]jects. he came to Illinois in 1855. lo- cating in Menard county, where for four \ears he continued to do farm work by the month. From the savings of his labors he was enabled to purchase forty acres of partly improved land, which he proceeded to culti- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 5or vate, and to tliis was added from time to time until he became tlie jxjssessor of four hun- dred and twenty-live acres of land. Part of this was in Menard and the balance in Logan counties, and at the present time it is splen- didly improved, with an excellent residence and modern barns, fences and outhouses. Mr. Graham moved to his pleasant home on section 8, Hurlbut township, in 1S92. While it was an improved farm, whicii he had rented for some time, he has practically re- newed all of the buildings and made a beau- tiful home. At Lincoln, Illinois, Octi.iber 16, 1879. Mr. Graham married ^largaret F. Goodpas- ture, who wa^ born near Petersburg. Menard county. May 10, 1846. Her parents, Jeffer- son and Margaret (Masters) Goodpasture, were natives of Tennessee, in which state the\- were married, Septeml^er 9, 1832, and from there they removed to Illinois soon afterward. They at first located near Petersburg, and then spent some time in Missouri, returning to Menard county. Illi- nois, where the father bought land. At the time of his death, Xovember 6. 1881. he had disix)sed of his farm and purchased property in Lincoln. Illinois, where his declining days were si)ent. The mother, who died April ]8, 1862, was the mother of a large family of children, seven of whom are living: Thomas, who is living with Mr. Graham ; Sarah, who is the wife of Robert Graham, of Athens, Illinois; Winburn. wlm married Adaline Dennis and lives at Adams. Ne- braska; Hester, who is the wife of James Madison Masters, of ToI)ias, Nebraska; Mary, who is married to Isaac Masters, of Menard county, Illini)is; Margaret, who is n.ow Mrs. Graham: and Jennie, who is the wife of Andrew Comstock, of Lincoln, Illi- nois. After his marriage Mr. Graham began housekeeping in Menard county, Illinois, and in 1892 moved to Logan county, upon the farm of one hundred and twenty acres left him by his uncle, and which has since been his home. In addition to general farming lie raises a high grade i>i cattle and horses for market. Mr. Graham is a stanch Demo- crat and interested in local and county aft'airs, but has ne\er been willing to accept i:olitical office. He is a member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church of Irish (h'ove, and stands high in the community as a man whose word is as good as his bond, and who is a progressive influence in all departments of life. To yii: and Mrs. Graham have been born the following children : Addie. born Decem- ber 16. 1880; William John, born February 22. 1882; Gracie, born December 8, 1883; Ivobert, born June 2, 1885, the twin of Ber- tha, who died Octoi>er 28, 1894; Frank, born February 2j, 1889; ^^"^ Josie, the twin sister of Frank, all of whom have been given good educational advantages. Much credit is due Mr. Graham, who \vas left an orphan at the age of thirteen years in a strange land, dependent on his own resources. He was the second child and eldest son of a family of five children. Thus beginning with nothing but a determi- riation to succeed, Mr. Graham has come to be not only one of the prosperous men of Lo- gan county, but, what is more, — one of its most highly esteemed citizens for his in- tegrity and sterling worth. JOIIX KIICK. Aniniio- the ])ri>minent farmer citizens of Logan county. Illinois, now living retired after a life of industry, is John Kiick, the >502 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. owner of eiglit lumdred acres of land and one (if tlie cnunty's most substantial resi- dents. The birth of IMr. Kiick occurred in Hanover, German)', March 26. 18,^3, and he is a son of Hans and Margaret (Broch- ers) Kiick. Our subject was reared on a farm in his native country and was a school- boy until the age of fifteen years, spending the time between that age and his majority in various kinds of work, and at the same time making plans to emigrate to the United States. His means were very limited, but he finally accumulated enough to start on the trip and landed in New Orleans, soon after reached St. Eouis, and went from there to Mount Pulaski. Almost immediately he found work among the neighboring farm- ers and by industry and energy was pre- jaared to set up a home of his own by 1857. It was in this year that Mr. Kiick was married to !Miss Catherine Christman, who was a step-daughter of Adam Shick, and by this union nine children were born, as fol- lows : Margaret, who married Paul Heiser- man, and lives in Macon county; John Her- man, who lix'es in the same county ; Frank ^^'illiam, a farmer of Logan county, living in Latham ; Jacob Ernest, who is a mer- chant of Latham: George E., who is a farm- er of Latham ; Clara Emma, who married Lynch James, of Latham; Mary A., who married George Gulp and lives near Latham ; Esther Catherine, who married O. J- Lucas, of Latham ; and \\'alter, who died at the age of fifteen years. In 1865 our subject rented a farm and worked it faithfully for three years, at tlie end of this period purchasing his first forty acres of land, near Burr Oak grove, Laenna township. In 1874 he sold this tract and bought one hundred and sixty acres adjoin- ing Latham, which he still owns, and as the years went by Mr. Kiick kept on adding land to his fine farm until now he is the owner of eight hundred acres in this vi- cinit}-. All of this property has been well improved and is under cultivation with the exception of the last tract purchased two years ago. Mr. Kiick has been a lifelong Democrat and for two terms was the eflicient road commissioner, during which time he ren- dered his township excellent service. Al- though reared in the Lutheran church, he has become identified with the Evangelical denonfination, where he is most highly re- garded. ^^•ESLEY A. KOCH, M. D. Among- the pronunent and successful young professional men of Middletown, Lo- gan county, Illinois, is Dr. W. A. Koch, who also took part in the Spanish- American war. The birth of Dr. Koch occurred at Pekin, Ilinois, and he is a son of Henry L. and Catherine (Eckhart) Koch, both of whom were nati\-es of Germany, although married in Pekin, Illinois, where Mr. Koch is en- gaged in a prosperous furniture and under- taking business, under the firm name of Al- bertson & Koch. His father was John Koch, and with him Henry came to the LTnited States from Germany when he was but six years of age. The trip across the ocean required seven weeks, as it was made in a sailing vessel, which landed its passen- gers at New York City. Later Mr. Koch came west and located at Sheboygan, Wis- consin, where Henry attended school until he was fifteen }-ears of age. Then he accom- panied his parents on their removal to Peoria, Illinois, where he was given educa- tional advantages until nineteen years of age, lea\ing school at that time to become a mem- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 503 ber of a volunteer company. He served faithfully as a soldier in the Civil war. after which he made his home in Pckin. Illinois, where he learned the trade of upholstering. Three years later he embarkeil in the business for himself and carried it on until 1880, when he enlarged his stock to embrace wall paijer, paints, etc., and in 1886 asstciated with him Mr. Albertson, in the furniture and under- taking business. Dr. Koch was given e.xcellent educational advantages, his younger years Ijeing passed at school in a private German institution in Pekin. Later he attended the ward schcwls. passing with honor through the high school. from which he graduated in 1896. For one year the young man studied the science of medicine with Dr. John L Skelly, of Pekin. and thus prepared, entered the medical de- partment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the University of Illinois, grad- uating with well-earned honors ^May 28, 1901. On April 28, 1898, Dr. Koch enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war, enter- ing Company G, Fifth IJlinois Volunteer In- fantry, and was mustered in at Springfield. From there he went direct to Chickamauga Park, then on to Newport News. \'irginia. whence the regiment went on a transport un- der orders for Porto Rico. The Doctor was mustered out at Springfield, October 15, 1898, having been corporal of his company. Dr. Koch is one of a family of eight chil- dren, the others Ijeing as follows : Rudolph married Lydia Margarete, a daughter of a minister of the Gennan Methodist church, and resides in Omaha, Nebraska, where he is in the agricultural implement business. They have one child. Lewis, unmarried, h a resident of Pekin. George attends the pub- lic schools of Pekin. Celia is the wife of Louis De Vries, of Hepler, Kansas. Clara is at home. Etta died at the age of three years. On lune _'8. 1901, Dr. Koch came to Logan county, Illinois, and located for the practice of his profession in Middletown, where in this short period he has built up a very encouraging practice. He is a mem- ber of the American Medical Association, and is an able, energetic and scholarly young man. who has every promise of becoming distinguished in his profession. In politics he is a Republican, and he is a consistent member of the Methodist church. ZADOC W. GRAFF. A prominent citizen of Logan county, Illinois, is found in Zadoc W. Graff, a resi- dent of ]\Iiddletown, where he is highly es- teemed. His birth occurred in Morgan county, Illinois, October 23, i86r, and he is a son of Washington and Elizabeth (Flynn) Graff, lx>th of whom were natives of the state of Kentucky, although they were united in marriage in Jacksonville, Illinois. The fa- ther engaged in farming all his life, his death occurring November 7, 1895, tlie modier having passed away in 1864. The second marriage of Mr. Graff, senior, was in 1865, to Elizabeth Owen, who died in 1883, and in 1884 he married Minnie Christian, who now resides on the old homestead farm near Jackson\ille. The children born to the first union were as follows : Molly, who is the widow of ^Nlarcellus Crum, and resides in \'irginia, Illinois ; ^^■illianl, who married Matie Berry and resides in ^lorgan county, Illinois; Marguerite, deceased, who married Harmon Fisher, and later John McCawley and re- sided in St. Louis, Missouri; George, who THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. died at the age of one year ; Frank, who married Elvira Cogdell, and resides at Springfield; Zadoc W.. of this biography: and General Grant, who married Emma Lewis and resides near Jackson\-ille. Zadoc \\'. Graff, the snbject of this biog- raphy, attended the district school at the Graff school, remaining there until he at- tained the age of fifteen years, then becom- ing a student in the Jacksonville Business College, and leaving that institution at the age of nineteen years. He began his busi- ness career in Albuquerque, Xew ^lexico, where he was mail agent between that city and Pon Dowe, where there was a stage line of eighty miles with but one stop, which was at a smelting mill. At the end of a year he returned to Virginia. Illinois. The year fol- lowing his southern trip Mr. Graff was en- gaged in the butcher business and then went to Chandlersville, where for one and one- half years he was in the mercantile busi- ness, but was then induced to remoxe to Fort Pierre, South Dakota, and open up a real es- tate business, which for two years was a successful business venture. \\"hen he lo- cated there the flourishing town of Canning was only ''on paper," but during his resi- dence there he did much to promote its in- terests, and at tliis time the population of this growing little city is fully one thousand citizens. Although he still feels an interest in the locality. :\Ir. Graff has sold all of his holdings there. Returning to Illinois, he purchased a farm of twO' hundred and thirty acres in Cass county, and lived upon that place, with his brother, alx»ut one and one-half years, when the brothers sold this propertv and bought two hundred acres in ^Morgan coun- ty, living there about two years. Mr. Graff then saw a fine opportunity to embark in the grain business, and carried this on in Xa- trona, Mason county, for four years, return- ing then to the old homestead, where he lived until 1897. In November of that year he moved to Middletown, after settling up his father's estate, and again embarked in the grain business, in which he has been eminently successful. He owns one large grain elevator in Middletown, and another at Fancy Prairie, Illinois, being one of the leading grain buyers of this section. Mr. Graft' was married, September 15, 1898. at Middletown. to Edna Glenn, who was born here August 17, 1880, and is a daughter of J- A. Glenn, whose biographical sketch appears in another part of this vol- imie. To I\lr. and ]\Irs. Graft" was burn one son, — Glenn \\'., nn May 4, 1899. Socially Mr. (iraft' is connected \\ith A.shland Lodge. K. P.; :\Iyrtle Lodge. I. O. O. F., of [Middletown, and the Court of Honor. In politics he is a Republican, and ably performs the duties of a member of the town board of the prosperous little city of jNIiddletown. He is president of the Middle- town Mutual Telephone Company and one of its organizers, it being a prosperous com- pany with over one hundred 'phones. He is also captain of the Rough Riders, a branch of the Anti-Horsethief Association, and has held the position since its organization, two vears ago. CHARLES S. LA\^ REXCE. The name of Lawrence is identified with the early days of Illinois, and with tiie large and successful agricultural under- takings which have placed the state fore- most in the production of sustenance inr the nation. Charles S. Lawrence, whose rseful and well l)alanced life spanned the distance between his birth, September 8, CHARLES LAWRENCE. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 507 1847. on the farm now occupied by his children in Logan county, and hi> tlealli. November i_>. 1895. was typical of the en- ergetic and honored middle western farmer, who judiciously manages and abuntlantly reaps. His father, Theodore Lawrence, a native of Hardy county, West \'irginia. was one of the widely known pioneers of this part of the county, coming here di- rectly after his marriage in Springfield. Il- linois. Xoveml)er 29. 1837. with Eliza Ann Talxir, a native of Ohio. He had pre- \iously purchased land in Logan county, to which he added from time to time, so that at the time of his death. March 23. 1862. he was the possessor of nearly two thousand acres. He was a self-made man in every sense of the word, and at the age of twelve years began to personally support three brothers and one sister. He cher- ished a pride of birth, especially on his mother's side, for in this connection he was kin of the Steenbergers, one of the old and aristocratic soutiiern families. He was a Republican in i>olitics. but steadfastly re- fused official recognition, and he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. \\ith his wife, who died March 19. 1889. he is buried on the okl homestead in Logan county. The education of Charles S. Lawrence was gained through a tutor and governess, Ixjth of whom came to his father's house. He was one in a family of five children, namely: Frances E.. who is the widow of Alfred W. Turner, who died June 6. 1881 ; Elizal)eth A., who liecame the wife of Alex- ander Lawrence, of Logan county, and lx)th of whom are deceased; William S., who married \'irginia Daley, and they are also deceased: John T.. who married Frances Lawrence, and lives on the old homestead in Logan county; and Charles S. 27 At the age of sixteen Mr. Lawrence left school, and. his father having in the mean- time died, he became associated with his brother in the care of the home farm. On November 13. 1872. he married, at Spring- field, Illinois, Miss Anna Eliza Westfall, who was lx)rn in Sangamon county, near Old Berlin, April 5. 1853. Mis, Lawrence was one in a family of three sons and three daughters, namely: Smith Westiall, who lives in Kansas City, Missouri: Anna Ji.. who was the wife of Charles S. Lav.ience : Helen, who died at the age of thirty-five; George, who is a resident of the Sand\> ich Islands: Leona. now deceased, who was the wife of Thomas Strawbridge, of Ot- lawa. Kansas: and Charles, who lives in Ottawa. Kansas. To Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Lawrence were born seven children, all of whoiii. with the exception of Roy. who died at the age of two years, are living on the homestead. The children are: Anna Louise, Gwendolen. Stella, \\inifred. Mar- garet D., and Frances Theodora. After his father's death 'Sir. Lawrence became possessed of one thousand acres of land, including the old homestead, upon which he carried on large farming and stock-raising interests. He prospered ex- ceedingly, and at the time of his death left o\-er one thousand acres ^n the splendid mral home now occupied by his daughters,, and lie also owned property in Springfield. Illinois. His wife died July J8. 1894. and is buried at Oak Ridge cemetery with her husband. Mr. Lawrence was prominent in the aft'airs of the Republican party, and represented his district in the 37th general assembly. He was fraternally associated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, of Elkhart, and was a member of Christ Episcopal church, of Springfield, of which he was vestrv man for a time. He 5o8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. possessed many of tlie stable and strong- characteristics handed di^wn from liis Eng- hsh ancestry, and he was universally es- teemed for his integrity, his public-spirited enterprise, and for his agreeable personal- HON. NICHOLAS P. GASAWAV. Nicholas P. Gasaway, of the firm of Gasaway & Son, general merchants, of Latham, Illinois, was born in Ross county, Ohio, March 4, 1848, a son of J. D. and r^Iartha J. (Caldwell) Gasaway. He was four years of age when his father left Ohio and located in Springfield, Illinois, where they spent one winter, going then to Lake Fork trnxnship, Logan county, \\here the fatlier Iwught land, and upon that farm our subject grew to manhood. There was much to be done, as his father raised many head of cattle, and the only schoohng be recei\ed was through the winter months. AMien almost twenty-one our subject was married, February u, 18' ig. to Miss Eliza T. Sherer, of Lake Fork, Illinois, who was born in Grant county. Kentncky, and came to Illinois with her father, David Sherer, when she was a child. After mar- riage Mr. Gasaway engaged in farming on his father's land for a few years, but later he bought eighty acres of wild land, for which he paid twenty-se\en dollars an acre. and followed farming until 1900. ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Ga.saway have had a family of five children, and four of these are still living. A sad blow was gi\-en oiu" subject and wife in the death of the only daughter, Carrie E., a sweet girl of sixteen. The sons all grew to maturity and are among the most honored and highly respected citizens of this county, namely : Thomas, who is a ])artner in the mercantile business with his father, in Latham; J. D.. who is an extensive farmer in Lake Fork township: Levi, who is also a farmer in Lake Fork township : and John, tlie youngest, who is an efficient clerk in his father's store. Our subject was reared in the Demo- cratic party and imbued with its principles, and he was still _\-uung when he l>egan to take an active interest in political matters. As earlv as 1885 he was chosen supervisor of Lake Fork township, and for the twelve succeeding- years no change was made in the incumbency of that office. He was the chairman of the board of supervisors during the last five }-ears of his official connection w ith the Ix^ard, and during his administra- tion man\- impri>\-ements of a substantial character were made in the county. It was through his instrumentality that eighty acres of land were added to the county farm, and it was his good management that gained the county ten iron bridges, these being the first of the kind ever built here. Mr. Gasaway had the interests of the poor farm at heart and he did much toward its improvement and U])building- during bis management of the office. In }S()H the esteem in which he was held Ijy his fellow citizens was shown by his elec- tion as their representative to the forty-first general assembly, which met in 1899. Dur- ing his term of service he was on the import- ant committees on banking, jniblic build- ings and sanitary committees, fulfilling all the duties jjertaining to these ])ublic trusts with aliility and efficiency. He has l>een sent as a delegate many times to conven- tions, being some five times a state delegate. His political record is an enviable one, and he is well and thoroughly known tiirough the countv. his public life having brought him into coiitact witli the most of the prom- inent citizens of die state. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 509 Mr. Gasaway is also prominent in n number of fraternal orders, particulruiy tlio ^Masonic, and was raised in Lodge Xo. 3.21. A. F. & A. M., at Illiopolis, but dimitted and became a charter memljer of the Latham Lodge, Xo. S53, in 1898, and has been its treasurer ever since its inauguration. He took the degrees of Knight Templar and Royal Arch at Mount Pulaski, Xo. 39 and X'^o. 121, respectively. He is also a charter member of the Knights of Pythias, of Latham, where he has passed all of the chairs, and he has been sent as a representa- tive to the grand lodge. Mr. Gasaway is one of the leading citi- zens of Latham, where his private, busi- ness and political life has redounded only to his credit, and no record of Logan county would be complete without a biographical mention of this representative citizen. Ml MARGARET ELLIS. A representative social leader in the town of Lincoln, ]Mrs. ilargaret Ellis is also a large property owner, and a business woman of more than ordinary ability. The widow of Xicholas Ellis, remembered as one of the most substantial and successful of the ag- riculturists of Logan county, Mrs. Ellis i^ the youngest child born in Europe to Jacob and Katherine Fuhs, who emigrated to America in 1856 with their four children. The children in the order of their births are : Christ, who is now living about a mile and a half from Washington Heights, Cook county, Illinois: Emma, who resides on the home place in Cook county: Mary, who is the wife of Frank Kieffer, and lives at Wash- ington Heights: Margaret, now Mrs. Ellis; Charles F., who also lives at Washington Heights: and biscph, who lives on the home place. Mrs. Ellis received excellent educational training in her youth, and in 1876 married Xicholas Ellis, a son of Martin E. Ellis, who emigrated from Germany with his wife and si.x children about 1856. Martin Ellis was one of tlie very early pioneers of Chicago and \icinit\-, and the first work in which he engaged after coming to Illinois was cutting logs from the present site of Chicago. Sub- secjuently he worked as a farm hand on the prairies, a not too profitable undertaking, for when he arrived in Springfield with his family he was the possessor of the inspiring sum of twenty-five cents. His wife seems to have imbibed the courageous and free sj)irit of the plains, for she put her shoulder to the wheel and worked with her husband in a hemp factory in Springfield. After a time the father became interested in a pork packing concern in the town, and gradually made his way to the front, and in time owned considerable land in Logan county. As may be imagined, his son, Xicholas, was obliged to shift for himself at a very early age, and he fortunately possessed industry and application sufficient to overcome what- e\er of discouragement or obstacles came his way. In the family, besides himself, were: Catherine, who died in Broadwell township ; Mary, who was the wife of Frank Risley, and died in 1874: Fred, Cliristine, and Josephine, who all died in childhoiul. After her marriage Airs. Ellis came to Logan county, where her husband bought a farm in Broadwell township, upon which they lived for about seventeen years. Mr. Ellis died on the home farm January 8, 1894, after which Airs. Ellis clo.sed up her farming interests and purchased a pleasant home at 515 Xorth Logan street. To Mr. and Mrs. Ellis were born four children, two 5IO THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sons and two daughters, namely : Ji ihn M., who was born February 17, 1883, and is living at home: ]\Iary, who was born Au- gust 25, 1885 ; Susan J., who was torn Sep- tember 18, 1886 ; and Allen J., who was born August 3, 1888. The children are being ed- ucated in the public schools of Lincoln, and it is the intention of their mother to give them e\er\' opportunity in her power to im- prove their talents and general ability. The propertv of I\lrs. Ellis consists of one farm of four hundred and thirty-three acres in Broadwell township, and another farm of one hundred and forty-seven acres in the same township, and a farm of one hundred and twenty-three acres in Chester township. The farm projierty is all rented mit to ten- ants. Mr. and Airs. Ellis were among the earlv communicants of St. ^Mary's Catholic church of Lincoln and assisted liberally in building both church edifices. J.VAIES AVRES. James Ayres. a well-known retired farm- er of Mt. Pulaski, is a native of Ohio, born on a farm in Miami county November 15, 1834, and is a son of Darius and Orpah ( Rosebrough ) Ayres. The father was born in Madison county, that state, in iSoo, while the mi ther was Ixjrii in Kentucky in 1804. They were married in Hamilton county, Ohio, and later remo\ ed to Miami county, that state, where the father was engaged in general farming until his death in 1839. The farm which he left to his widow was .small, but it was all paid for. In 1852 she and her family came to Logan county, Illinois, and settled on a farm of one hun- dred and twenty acres three miles northeast of the village of Mt. Pulaski, where she con- tinued to make her home throughout the re- mainder of her life. She li\ed to rear her children and see them all comfortably settled in life, and passed quietly away in 1891, at the ripe old age of eighty-six years, loved and respected by all who knew her. She had seven children who lived to be grown, namely: Richard F., deceased, who once served as sheriff of Logan county: Mary, wife of J. C. \\'ebster; Alfred, a resident of Chestnut. Logan county ; John R., a retired farmer of ]\It. Pulaski: Susan, wife of Thomas S. Clark, of the state of \\'ashing- ton : James, our subject : and Rebecca, w1k> married John H. Dement and both are now- deceased. Mr. Ayres. of this re\'iew. spent the first seventeen years of liis life in his native state, and is indebted to its district schools for the greater part of his education. He at- tended a subscription school for one term after coming with the family to Illinois. His early life was passed upon the home farm and he assisted his mother in caring for the family. On October 17. 1883, Air. Ayres mar- ried .Mrs. Christina Webster, of Logan coun- ty. Her first husband, J. C. ^^'ebster. was an early resident of this county, having lo- cated near Chestnut in 1849. He was a very prominent man and was elected circuit clerk of the county, ti) which office he was subse- ([uently re-elected, serving in all eight years. Later he was elected as the first mayor of the city of Lincoln. He died leaving four children, namel\- : Elmer L., who is miw in the employ of the go\-ernment and is sta- tioned at Fort Sheridan, Illinois; Estella, wife of George A. Mayer, of Alount Pulaski : Alice, wife of W. C. Purviance, of Mount Pulaski; and Jo.seph C. a resident of Fulton county, Illinois. }vlrs. Avrcs is a native of Schoharie THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county. New 'S'ork. and a danshter of Henry I. Warner, who was l)orn in tlie same state in 1796 and came tn lllinc is in 1837. locat- ing in Lincoln, where he m;i(le his Imme un- til his death, in 1SS4. His wile, who liore the maiden name of Margaret Becker, died in Lincoln in 1S58. leaving live children: George and Da\ id. who are now deceased : ]\Irs. Florine Lawrence, a resident of Syra- cuse, New York; Mrs. Sarah C. Jones, of Lincoln, Illinois: and Christina, wife of our subject. Five children died previous to the mother's death. After his marriage Mr. Ayres remainetl on the old homestead, having purchased the interests of the other heirs in the place, and to it he added a tract of forty acres, making one hundred and sixty acres in all. It is now under a high state of cultivation and im- proved widi good and substantial buildings. Renting the farm in March. 1893, Mr. Ayres removed to Mt. Pulaski, and has since lived a retired life, though he still looks after his property interests. While living in the coun- try he was a member of the school board for several years, and has always taken a deep and commendable interest in all enterprises calculated to advance the social, moral or material welfare of the community in which he lives. He is a man of the highest re- spectability, and is well liked by all who know him. WILLIAM SI1.\\\' DUXHAAI. Prominent among the business men of Atlanta is William Shaw Dunham, who for over forty-five years has been closely identi- fied with the history of the city, while his name is insejjarably connected with its com- mercial and financial records. In business affairs he has l)ecn wonderfullv successful. and is now president of the Atlanta National P.ank. and one of the largest land i>wners in Logan county. Mr. Dunham was bom in Washington county. Ohio. September 28, 1827. and is one of a family of six children whose par- ents were William W. and Mary G. ((ireen) Dunham. 'i"he father was a native of Eng- land, and came to the United States with two hroihers at an early day. Having learned the trade of a compositor and done considerable newspaper work in England, he immediately located in Providence. Rhode Island, on his arrival in this country, and be- came editor of the Pro\idence Journal. After publishing that paper for several years he removed to Marietta, \\'ashington coun- ty. Ohio, and assumed the editorship of thfe Marietta Gazette, carrying on that paper un- til two years before his death, when he came, in April, 183 1, to Waynesville, DeWitt county, Illinois, where he purchased a farm and engaged in its operation until his death, in October, 1833. His wife survi\ed him many years and died in August, 1877. Our subject was only six years old at the time of his father's death, and as the family was left in limited circumstances he was forced to seek a livelihood for himself and mother at the age of twelve. As his time was then spent in following the plow, his education was necessarily limited. He fol- lowed farming until eighteen years of age, and was then linund out by his mother to .\. P.. Lewis as clerk in his dry-gootls store at Waynesville. where he worked for three years, at a salary of five dollars per month the first year; second year, ten: and the last year was paid a salary of two hundred dol- lars. During that time he managed to save enough, with the assistance of his brother, to embark in a similar enterprise w ith C. H. Ormsbv, this ])artnership existing for two 512 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. years. He afterward took his two brothers in with him, the firm being known as J. P. Dunham & Company, and they carried on business together at Waynesville for twelve years. In June, 1856, Mr. Dunham came to At- lanta and opened a mercantile establishment under the name of Dunham «S: JMaltby, which partnership continued until the fall of 1858, when he sold out and established another business, which he carried on alone. In 1 86 1 he formed a partnership with James Shores and Jacob Hawes. Tlie latter sul> sequentlv sold out to William Milliner. This firm existed some eighteen years, but in 1879 purchased the entire business and admitted his son to partnership, the firm having since Ijeen known as W. S. Dunham & Son. They enjoy an excellent trade and h^^ve one of the largest clothing establishments in At- lanta. Mr. Dunham owns ten hundred and forty-two acres of valuable farming land, six hundred and forty acres of which adjoin the city of Atlanta, while the remaining four hundred and two acres are on the out- skirts of Pontiac. Besides this projjcrty he has considerable real estate in Atlanta, and has just completed one of the nidst hand- some and miulurn residences in the place, at a cost of seven thousand dollai-s. Tlie plan was taken from a California mansion, and the work was carried on day by day under his watchful eye. the interior woodwork be- ing a piano finish. Mr. Dunham was first married. Novem- ber 3. 185 1. t(i ^liss Adeline Branson, of Sangamon county, and to them was born a son, William W., who died in infancy. The wife died ]\iav 29, 1S53. and was interreil with her little child in the Waynesville cem- etery. On the 3th of September, 1855, Mr. DunliAm was married to Miss Martha E. Harrison, a daughter of Dr. F. F. Harrison. of \\'aynesville. and they became the par- ents of five children, of whom Samuel C. died at the age of six years, and Meneta E., an accomplished and highly educated young ladv. died in her twenty-ninth year. The surviving children are Addie, now the wife of Thomas H. Slaughter, who conducts a musical conservatory in Louisville, Ken- tucky, and is a graduate of the same; Kate D., wife of Samuel K. Huston, an expert diamond cutter and jeweler of Chicago, Illi- nois; and William S., Jr., general merchant of Atlanta. Mr. Dunham has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since 1848, and president of Union Hall Associa- tion of Atlanta. He cast his first presi- dential vote for General Winfield Scott, the Whig candidate, and since the organization of the Republican party in 1856 has been one of its stanch supporters. He has been called upon to fill various official jwsitions of honor and trust, being a member of the state legislature in 1894, and serving on a number of the important committees, includ- ing that of state buildings, agriculture and lianks. He was also on the committee that visited all the state institutions. Fie served with distinction as mayor of the city, alder- man and trustee for one term each, and was president of the school board for three years. Owing to advancing years, he now de- clines all ]>oIitical honors which the people would confer upon him, preferring to spend his remaining days in ease and Cjuiet. Mr. Dunham is noted for his liberality, giving generouslv at all times to any enterprise cal- culated to advance the interests of his fel- low citizens or promote the general welfare. His career has ever been such as to warrant the trust and confidence of the business world, for he has ever conducted all trans- actions on the strictest principles of honor THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 515 and integrity. His devotion to the public gootl is unquestioned and arises from a sin- cere interest in the welfare of his fellow- men. Religiously his wife is a member of the MetluKlist church, and they are people of prominence in the city which has so long been their home. HUGH .\. BIXXS. One of the leading business men of Middletown. Logan county. Illinois, who is prominently identified with many business enterprises, is Hugh A. Binns. a descendant of an old English family which located in Virginia at a very early day. He was lx)rn in Pike county. Ohio, January 30, 1855, and is a son of Lee Durham and Jane (Johns- ton) Binns. the former of whom was a na- tive of Virginia, and the latter of Pennsyl- vania, their marriage taking place in the state of Ohio. The father of our subject was a gallant soldier in the Union army during the Civil war, serving for three years in the Xinety-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After the close of the war he returnctl to Ohio and engaged in fanning there until 1870. at that date moving to Logan coun- ty, Illinois, and kxrating on a farm in Cor- win township. Until his death. August 11. 1874. he followed farming and l)ecame a well-known and respected citizen of the com- munity. His widow survived until Decern ber 31. 1900. passing out of life with the old vear. Both were laid away in the Pleasant \'alley cemetery, in Corwin township, Logan county. Hugh A. Binns is one in a family of seven children, as follows: Philip, who married Molly Pittman, resides in Xebraska ; Johanna resided with her nvither until her death: Susan, who married James K. War- ren, resides in Marion county. Kansas: Hugh A. is the subject of this sketch : Lee D.. who married Rosie Martin, resides in Sheridan township on a farm; James, who married Truda \\'orth, resides at Red Oak, Iowa, engaged in farming and cattle-rais- ing : and Charles, unmarried, resides in Xew Holland. Illinois, where he has held the po- sition of cashier in the Merchant's Bank for the past eight years. The educational opportunities afYorded our subject in his youth were limited to the seasons during the winters, as the sununers were occupied in work on tlie farm, Inu un- u\ he was twenty years old he managed to pass a part of each winter in the district schools of the neighborhotxl, obtaining an education. He came to Logan county. Illi- nois, with his parents, and was on the home farm until alxwt 1893. when he purchased eightv acres of land in Corwin township, on section 6. living on section 5, on his mother'? farm. This farm he still owns, as well as three shares in the home farm. Mr. Binns was married, Xovember 11, 1893, in Sheridan township, at the residence of his brother-in-law. to ^Miss Fannie W'indle. who was born in 1865 in that town- .■^hip. and is a daughter of Daniel and Han- nah (Hagen) Windle. Her father was a farmer of that place, but is now in York county, Xebraska. Mrs. Binns is one of a family of five children born to her parents, naiuely : Doug- lass, Joseph. Clarence, Katie and Fannie. The children born to our subject and his wife are Mildred, Howard, Alma and Hugh, the two eldest being in school. .\fter marriage Hugh A. Binns remained on the homestead farm and his mother moved into Xew Holland. He had pur- chasetl all of the machinery, implements and THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock and continued the operation of the farm for the following two years, removing then to Xew Holland, where he engaged in the business of stock buying for a period of three years, coming then back to the farm, where he remained for two years more. He next m<>\ed to IMiddletown, where he opened up a grain business and has pros- pered exceedingly. Mr. Binns owns eighty acres in C< irwin township, and a part of the old homestead, while he also owns in Kansus a fine property comprising two hundred and forty acres. For a number uf years he has been one of the stockholders in the (ierman American National Bank of Lincoln, Illi- nois, while he is socially connectetl with Camp Xo. 5713, ^I. W. A. A Republican in ix:Iitics, he has been active in the ranks of his party and is a very efficient member of the INliddletuwn village board. The relig- ious connection of the family is with the ilethodist church, where all are held in high esteem. DAXIEL SHOCKEV. Among the soldiers of the Ci\il war whom it is our duty and pleasure Xo honor, none stand higher in his com- munity than Daniel Shockey, who re- sides on sectimi 12, Hurlbut township. Lo- gan county, lllinc^is. j He was born in Franklin, county, Pennsylvania. March 10, 1 83 1, and is a son of John and Catherine (Monn) Shockey. both of whom were na- tives of the same state as our subject. The ])arents were married in Pennsyl- vania and lived there until 1S56. where the father operated a farm and raised stock, but at that date the family removed to Elk- liart, Illinois. John Shockey purchased a great manv Mexican land warrants, and at one time owned over four thousand acres of land, the greater i)art of which was south and west of Elkhart, in Logan county, Illi- nois. He resitled on the hill now occupied by Mrs. John D. Gillette, and here he died in 1858, his wife having died one year prior to his death. He had refused to hold public of- fice, but took an active interest in all that pertained to the advancement of the com- munity in which he lived. In politics he Avas a Rqiul'.lican and he attended the Dunkard church, of which his wife was a member. He is remembered to this day as c )ne of the most highly respected and public- spirited men of that locality, and his death was mourned as a public calamity. To himself and wife were born seventeen chil- dren, as follows : John, who married Cath- erine Beck, and resides in Bates county, Missouri: Daniel, our subject; Christopher, who married a IMiss Hoover and resides in Franklin county. Pennsylvania; Susan- nah, who married John Reinhart and first resided in Illinois and then returned to Pennsyhania ; Jerry, who enlisted in Com- pany I. One Himdred and Sixth Illinois ^■olunteer Infantry, and died of fever while in the service : Henry, who married ^liss Susannah Shockey. deceased, now resides in Pennsylvania; :\Iary. who married John J. Moore and resides near Mount Pulaski, Illinois; Lydia. who died at the age of sev- enteen; and nine other children who died in childhood. Daniel Slmckey had limited educational ad\antages. but attended a district school in Franklin cotmty. Pennsylvania, until he was nineteen during the winter and then as- sisted his father upon the farm until he was twenty-one. In 1853 he came west to Il- linois and located in Logan county, where he prospered and accumulated over three hundred acres of land. DANIEL SHOCKEY. LIBRARY OF THE UHIVERSITY OF ILLIN013 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In March. iS6i. Mr. Shockey was mar- ried at Lincoln. Illinois, to ilary Gehr, who was born in February, 1844. in Mary- land, and was the daughter of Ulricli and Sophia (Voung) Gehr. natives of Mary- land. The parents were married at Ring- gold. Maryland, but came west in 1856 and settled in Tazewell county. Illinois. Here the father purchased eighty acres. This lie sold after a .short residence in Taze- well ctunity and came to Logan county, where he rented land for several years and then he bought a farm, but later retired from active life, removing to Elkhart. Il- linois, where he resided until his death, which occurred August 15, 1885, and his wife died January 28, 1889. Three chil- dren were born to Mr. and ]Mrs. Gehr, as follows : Mary, who married our sub- ject : Martin, who enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, and died at Little Rock. Arkan- sas, of fever contracted in the service; and Amanda, who married Charles Adams and resides in Elkhart. Illinois. To yir. and Mrs. Shockey have been born a family of five children, as follows : Amanda, who married Patrick Brennan and resides in Hurlbut township. Logaji county : Edward, who resides with his par- ents, and Minnie, who is the wife of J- C. Boyd, of Peoria. Illinois. On August 5. 1862. Mr. Shockey en- listed in Company I, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, at Lin- coln. Illinois. His command was ordered to Jackson, Tennessee. Although the regi- ment was in several skimishes during the three years it served, none of the men par- ticipated in any of the great battles, al- though they were often in the vicinity, do- ing skirmish and guard duty and exhibit- ing as much braverv 'as those in the tliick of the fight. On August 12. 1865. the regiment was mustered out at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and honorably discharged at Springfield, Illinois, August 3, 1865. After the war was over Mr. Shockey returned to his home and family and en- gaged in farming, renting a farm the first year from John D. Gillette and afterwards of Judge Logan. For twelve years he rent- ed farms from several parties, and then he purchased eighty acres in Hurlbut town- ship. He is energetic, industrious and sav- ing and lias been very successful and now owns three hundred and nineteen and one- half acres of fine land all well cultivated, on which are good buildings and a comfort- able house. This has all been accumulated bv ]\Ir. and Mrs. Shockey unaided, and is a strong object lesson to the younger gen- erations of what may be accomplished by a man of determined purpose and ability. In politics Mr. Shockey is a Republican and always supports the candidates of his party. Xaturally. as he is an old soldier, he is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and takes a deep interest in all its affairs. In this order, as throughout the community, he is well liked for his many excellent qualities and is just- Iv regarded as one of the substantial men of Li>gan county. JOHN SHERMAN ALEX.VXDER. John Sherman Alexander, proprietor of the liverv staliles and blacksmith shop at Latham, is one of tlie prosperous men of the village. He came here alxiut 1887 from his native place in Clarke county. Ohio, where he was born August 2/. 1861. and reared to manhood. Pie is the son of Jesse 5i8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. C. and Hannah (Pullins) Alexander. The father was a contractor by occupation. The boyhood of our subject was spent at Urbana. wliere lie attended the public schools, ^\'hen he was se\-enteen the father died, and two years later our subject went to Springfield, Ohio, where he learned the blacksmith's trade, serving a two-years" ap- prenticeshi]) and receiving sixty dollars a year in payment fcr his services. He then went to Indiana and shod mules for a street car company, but after a few months he went to Sprmg-held. Illinois, where for a few months he worked at his trade. The next calling he engaged in was that of farming, and worked by the month in Buf- falo Hart, Sangamon county. In 1887 Mr. Alexander removed to Latham and worked in the blacksmith shop of which he is now projirietor. In time b.e purchased the business and continued it, al- though at first upon a small scale. As time progressed he steadily added to his appli- ances and enlarged his fields of operations until in 1894 he became the owner of the adjoining livery stables, and since then has also added the handling of farm implements to his other extensive interests. In 1901 he organized the telephone system in Latham and now has in about seventy miles of wire and about one hundred telephones — it being an independent line that he owns. It con- nects with the Logan county line and is de- veloping business every day. The success which has attended IMr. Alexander's efforts is wonderful and in addition to his resi- dence and business property he is the owner of a business structure in the center of the town which he rents. On March 10, 1889. ]\Ir. Alexander was married to Miss Mary E. Blackford, of Latham, a daughter of J. C. and Mary (Howe) Blackford. Three children have been born of this union, namely : Grace, Ethel and Lena. 'Mr. Alexander was reared a Republican and is still faithful to that party, and al- though he has never sought office he has. served most accq>tably as alderman several terms. He was made a member of Latham Lodge, Xo. 853, A. F. & A. M.. and of the chapter and commandery, K. T., of Alt. Pulaski. He was also made a member of the order of Odd Fellows at Barclay, Illi- nois, Xo. 550, and now holds membership in the lodge at Mt. Pulaski. He is a mem- ber of Latham Lodge, No. 35, K. P.. and has filled all the chairs and attended the grand lodge as representative. Mr." and'. Airs, .\lexander are members of the Aleth- odist Episcopal church. Few men ha\e had their eft'cjrts crowned with success as has he, and no one deserves- more praise for faithful labor intelligently applied. He has numberless friends and his future looks \er\' bright and promising. JOSEPH T. WILLBAXKS. One of the leading self-made men of Lo- gan countv is Joseph T. Willbanks, who has for a number of years been a leading repre- sentative of the agricultural interests of" Hurlbut township. Although he started out upon his business career withouj: capital, de- pendent entirely upon his own resources, he- has worked his way steadily upward, brook- ing no olistacles that could be overcome by persistent and honest purpose, and to-day he is the owner of five hundred and seventy acres of valuable farming land. Air. Willbanks w^as born in Jefferson county. Illinois, February 10. 1829. a son of" William and Ann (AlcCann) Willbanks.- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 519 His paternal grandparents were Daniel and Tane (Thomas) Willlianks. who were mar- ried Tulv 31, 1794- The former was horn June 15. 1770, and the latter July 16. 1773. They had a large family of children, of whom the following record is preserved: John, born October 22, 1796, was shot at Union Court House, South Carolina. Jul\- 28, 1835. Thomas, liorn December i i. 179S, was drowned at St. Louis, ^lissouri. .\pril II. 1830. James was born March 19. 1801, William, the father of our suliject. was the next of the family. David was born April 6. 1805. Peggy, born October 27, 1808. was married, Augaist 18, 1824, to James Black, and after his death was married, in Novem- ber, 1837, to Uriah Compton, her death oc- curring in August. 1842. when she was thirtv-six vears of age. Judith, born Au- gust 8, 1813, became the wife of I. S. Rob- inson, November 19. 1839, and died June 18, 1848. Daniel, born May 13. 1817, was married, about March 7, 1841, to Margaret E. Campbell, and died at Memphis, about 1851. The father. Daniel Willbanks. Sr.. died August 2-. 1844. and his wife. :\Irs. Jane Willbanks, died May 7, 1831, at the age of seventy-eight years. He conducted a tavern and postofifice on the stage route between ]\lt. Vernon and Shawneetown, was also the magistrate and county sur\eyor and the leading man of that section. The post- office was conducted by members of the Willbanks family until President LincohVs administration. \\'illiam Willbanks, the father of our subject, was born near Sparksburg, North Carolina. [March 19. 1803, and after arriv- ing at vears of maturity married Ann Mc- Cann, in March, 1823. She was a native of Sinclair county. Illinois, born within eleven miles of Lebanon. For many years the fa- ther engaged in farming in Jefferson coun- ty. Illinois, making his home there until his death, which occurreif their children, the eldest being Prettyman Knowles. the grandfather. He married Patsy Greer, who was brought to America from Ireland when only a year old. They hnd ten children, the fourth being ^^'ilev Knowles. who was born April 25. 1809. and married Minerva Scott, a native of Kentucky, by whom he had six sons and five daughters, among the number being the wife of our subject. She was born March 24. 1833. in Gibson county. Indiana. Her parents had been married in that state. July 28. 1830, and in 1845 they removed to Jef- ferson county, Illinois, where they spent their remaining days, the father dying ]\rarch 4. 1893. '11 'lis eighty-fourth year, the mother February 10. 1899. at the age of eighty-seven. Their children were as fol- lows : \\'illiam married Hannah A\'illbanks and resides in Dakota: Mrs. Willbanks. of this review, is the next younger ; Patsy is the wife of George Parish, of Oregon; IMar- tin. of Jefferson county, riiarried Alvira Kirk, and after her death wedded Ellen Jones; Asa married Margaret Garner, now deceased, and resides in Utah ; Susannah died at the age of seventeen years ; Annanias married Harriet Smith and resides in Jeffer- sc:;n county ; Francis, who is li\-ing on the old homestead ten miles south of INIount Ver- non, Jefferson count}-, married Florence Smith, and after her death wedded Miss Pace : Leander, who married for his second wife Amanda Morgan, also lives in Jeffer- son county: Sarah is the wife of Richard Davis, who is living near Spring Garden, Jefferson county: Malissa Caroline, now liv- ing in Wyoming, has lieen married suc- cessi\-el\- to J. Gambrel, James Bascom and Dr. S. ?*Iiller. the physician of the state l>enitentiary of Wyoming, having lost her first two husbands. The marriage of INfr. and ]\Irs. Will- banks, which occurred February ifi. 1851, has Ijeen blessed with eleven children : ]\Iary Evaline. born Mav 2. 18^2. became the wife of James Ash and died Xivember 14. 1877. There were two children, the living one be- ing Amv 'SI., who resides with her grand- parents. William R.. born December 11, 1853, died :\Iarch 13. 1855. John ]\I., born December 13. 1853. married Grace Ellis, by whom he has four children, and resides in S])ringheld. Illinois. Robert L.. horn January 17. 1858, is with his parents. Stephen A.. Ixirn February 10. i860, re- sides on a farm in [Nlenard county and mar- ried .\da Cmmcil. by whom he has four chil- dren. Francis A., born September 6, 1862, is at home. Charles B., born February 8, t86t. married ]\Iaggie Hammond, by whom he has three children, and resides at Lake Fork. Logan county. Cornelia C. born Julv 8. 1867, is the wife of JotTn Ferguson, by whom she has two children, and their home is .southeast of Elkhart. Illinois. Jo- seph H., born Januar_\- 2. 1870. and living THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 521 southeast of Mount Pulaski, married Mer- ches Dean Gillespie, by whom he has two children. Wiley T., born March 2-j. 1872. died at the age of ten years. Alexander D.. born December 27, 1873, is now in the State University (if Wyoming. Mr. and Mr.s. Willbanks celebrated their gdklen wedding- February II). lyoi. at which was present their eight children. For five years after his marriage Mr. Willbanks carried on farming in Jefferson county and then removed to Menard coun- t\-. where he remained fur four years, when he came to Hurlbut township, Logan coun- ty. March 10, i860. Here he has since made his heme, his time and attention being given to farming until of recent years, when he has turned 'over the operation and manage- ment of his farm to his sons. He has pros- pered in his undertakings and as his financial resources ha\e increased he has added to his property until he now owns fi\-e hundred and seventy acres of valuable land. He ha- refused to hold office, but is a stanch Dem- ocrat in politics and always exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the party. He and his family attend the Presl)yterian church. He is genial, jovial, kind-hearted and liberal, and has many warm friends. For more than sev- enty years he has tra\eled life's journey and has always enjoyed and merited the re- spect and confidence of those with whom he is associated, and can number his friends i'l Logan count v bv the scores. JOHX C. THOMPSOX, Jr. Prominent among the successful, pro- gressive and scientific farmers of Logan county, Illinois, is John C. Thompson. Jr.. who resides on a valu;djle tract of one hun- dred and seventy-eight acres of laud, lo- cated on section 15, Elkhart township. His birth (.■ccurred in Menard county. Illinois, August 13. 1855, and he is a son nf John C. and Malissa Jane (\\'asson) Thnm[)Scin, '.lie fc inner nf win mi was burn Xnxeniber 3, i8_'5, in county .\ntrim. Ireland, and the latter in (!reene county. Illinois, their mar- riage taking place in Jacksonville, this state. The father attended the schools in his native land, finishing his education after coming to the L'nited States. In 1836 he set sail from Li\erpii(.l f Lincoln. In politics Mr. Fowler is a Democrat and has long been connected with the Christian church, and with the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Th.iniiisiiu was (me in a family of two children, her ydunger sister being Har- riet, who married Carl D. Shepler, and re- sides east of Lincoln. The following chil- dren surround the family hearth of Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, bright, intelligent and full of promise: Charles, boi'n June 13, 1885; John, born December 24, 1888; Goldie, born December 4, 1892 ; Grace, born December 9. 1895; Hazel, born February 25, 1898; and Reuben, born April 26, 1900. After his marriage our subject continued to operate the Boardman farm until the spring of 1900, wdien he purchased the line estate he noAv occupies, consisting of one hundred and seventy-eight acres in Elkhart township. Here he has demonstrated his ability as a good farmer and successful raiser of line stock for market. He has made such excellent permanent improve- ments in the wav of buildings, fences, etc.. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 523 as to place his farm in the front rank amon;^ desirable ones in Logan county. ^Ir. Thompson is an ardent Republican, is fraternally connected with tiie Modern Woodmen, and both he and family belong to the Baptist church. His standing in the community is high, and he well represents the honest and capable as well as substantial citizens of Logan county. TAMES A. GLEXX. One of the prominent citizens of Logan county is James A. Glenn, a self-made man who started out in life with little capital ex- cept health, energ}- and good habits, and is now reckoned among the substantial and re- sponsible men of this great county. The birth of ^Ir. Glenn occurred in Mid- dletown, Illinois, July 28, 1845, ^"^ he is a son of David and Lucy (Church) Glenn, the former of whom was a native of Penn- sj-lvania, the latter of ^lassachusetts, and their marriage taking place in Bureau coun- ty, Illinois. David Glenn lived here with his parents, but later went to Bureau county to work in a store, and it was during this period that he met the most estimable woman who later became his wife. After his mar- riage he brought his wife to ^Middletown and embarked in the stock and mercantile business, and so continued until a short time previous to his death. His health had failed and his pliysician ordered a sea voyage, and he had but started when death, overtook him. in 1852, at Sliippensburg, Pennsyl- vania. The mother married, in 1863. George Glenn, who was a brother to her first hus- band, and they resided here until his deatii, her own demise occurring in 1893. The family was small, consisting of our subject, one brother, Charles, who died in 1892, and a half-brother, \\'infield. who resides in Chicago. The boyhood of our subject, James A. Glenn, was passed in attendance at school, in Corwin township, where he remained un- til he was fourteen years old, being then sent to Sangamon Academy, at Indian Point, for a period of two years, and later to the Wesleyan University, at Blooming- ton, for three years. After his school days ended and he was mentally ecjuipped for almost any career, ilr. Glenn left Middletown and went to [Nlendota, Illinois, where he remained for two years, as a clerk in a mercantile busi- ness, returning then to }kliddlettnvn and amid old surroundings embarked in a gen- eral merchandising. By the exercise of his excellent judgment, by unceasing industry and energy, as well as by his integrity in commercial life, Mr. Glenn succeeded and became the owner of the largest business in his line in the place, owning also extensive holdings of land, notably five hundred and ninety-five acres in Corwin township, on sec- tions 20, 21 and 28, and three hundred and twenty-five acres in Menard county, seven residence lots and two business lots in Mid- dletown, besides several residences. His own beautiful home, supplied with all mod- ern conveniences, was built in 1894. After being in business longer than any other man in the village he sold out on the ist of Oc- tober, 1901, and is now practically living a retired life, though he still looks after his in- vestments. Mr. Glenn was married, Deceml)er 18, 1873. in Menard county, to Zebella Robbins, viho was lx>rn in that county in June. 1853. and is a daughter of Edward and .\nna (Redsucker) Robbins, the former a native of Holland, and the latter of Menard coun- tv. Mr. Robbins was a large farmer and 524 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock-raiser in Menard township, owning eight hundred acres of land there at tlie time of his death, in September, 1899. In pol- itics he was an active member of tlie Re- pubHcan party, and was connected witli the Cathohc church. Tlie mother i)f Mrs. Glenn lives on the homestead farm in Alenard coun- ty. Her children are : Susan, who married Edward Grimes, and resides in Arkansas City, Kansas; Zebella, the wife of Mr. Glenn; Sarah, who married John Kayler, and lives on the homestead farm ; and Georgia, who is the wife of Charles Spence and also resides on the homestead farm. The four children born ti> Mr. and [Mr^;. Glenn are as follows: lulward, Imrn on March 8, 1875, and Anna, Ijorn on March 27, 1877, reside at home; Edna, lx>rn on August 17, 1880, married Z. ^\'. Graff, of Middletown, and has one son, — Glenn; and Paul, born on April 21, 1889, is at home. During his successful career in Middle- town yir. Glenn has taken a leading part in public affairs and has been called upon to fill many responsible positions. For a number of years he was clerk of Corwin township, and has been schcxjl treasurer for twelve years. In politics he is an active Republican. In e\ery position in life he has acquitted him- self w ith credit and no one in Logan county is held in higher esteem. Air. Glenn was made a IMason at Green\-iew Lodge, Xo. 653, of Greenview, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcoiaal church, of which he is a liberal supporter. JAMES R. LOGUE. The science of farming as understood and applied by ]\Ir. Logue constitutes a truly ideal and satisfacttory method of live- lihood. Robl)ed of the cruditv and inces- sant grind of former days, farming now offers as large a scope for the e.xercise of large ability, financial and otlierwise, as is to be found in nine-tenths of the occupations awaiting the enterprise and progress of lat- ter day Ijrawn and brain. The fiingers of the world ceaselessly rest up(jn the pulse of the farmer, and his success or failure is felt in every corner of the universe. It is there- fore fitting that men of culture and under- standing should apply themselves tci sys- tematize and simplify methods of soil culti- vation, and should appreciate to the full the opportunities by which they are surround- ed. It is in this connection that Air. Logue has attained to special prominence, and has tilletl his large possessions after the most approved and scientific methods. The farm which constitutes his home is on section 17, Hurllnit township, and contains two hun- dred and forty acres, and he also owns eighty acres in Alenard county, and a half section of lantl near Curran. Sangamon county, Illinois. In addition to a general farming industry he raises large numliers of fine stock for market purposes. The family of which Air. Logue is a member came originally from Sc(jtland, set- tling first in \'irginia and later in Tennes- see. He was liorn in \\'ilson county, Ten- nessee. Xovember 6, 1S56, a son of Tapley G. and "Xancy E. (Bass) Logue, natives of the same county. The father was engaged in the tanning business through his active life, although the last few years were spent on the farm in partial retirement in his na- tive state up to the time of his death, July 28, 1882. He was a Democrat in politics, and an Odd Fellow, and a devout member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. His wife died February 12, 1890. and both par- ents are buried in Tennessee. Eleven chil- dren were l)orn into the f'unilv : Emma, J. R. LOGUE. UBRARY OF THt UH\NtRS»TY OF »um0l5 THE BIOGRAriilCAL RECORD. 527 who is tlie wife of Samuel Jennings, de- ceased, and who Hves in Tennessee: Ten- nessee, who is the wife of J. T. IMay. of Wicliita, Kansas: J. C. who married Lucy Carver and lives in Wilson county. Ten- nessee; Lucy A., who is the wife of William Thompson, of Tennessee: Ellen, now de- ceased, who married James Omohundro. of Tennessee: T. C... Jr.. who married ^Liggie Davis, and lives at Waxahatchie. Texas: Catherine, who is married to Thomas Wright, of Tennessee: Robert H.. who mar- ried Miss Sullivan, of Tennessee: Frank L.. who married Miss Cantrell and lives in Ten- nessee: Mattie. who is the wife of Samuel Adkerson. of Tennessee: and James R.. our subject. Until his fourteenth year 'Sir. Logue at- tended the public schools- of \\'ilson county. Tennessee, after which he studied at the public schools of Franklin. Tennessee, still later entering the Pleasant Hill Academy, .supplemented by a year at the Cumberland 'University, of Lebanon. Tennessee, one of the finest schools of the Cumberland Pres- byterian church. Coming to Lincoln. Illi- nois, in December, 1S78, and entering the university at that place, he was graduated with the degree of Ph. B. in June of 1881. and following this returned to his southern home for a few months, after which he per- manently located in Hurlliut townsliip. Lt:)gan county. Illinois. On December 21. 1881. in that township. he married Eftie M. King, who was born on the farm upon which Mr. Logue is now liv- ing, March 31, 1864. Her father. J. Cix>Iey King, was born in Ohio, and her mother. Letitia (Kagle) King, was bom in Illinois. The parents were married in Menard county. Illinois, and engaged in farming, finally re- moving to the farm now owned and occupied by their son-in-law. Mr. Logue. Mr. King retired from active life in November. 1899, and locatetl in Springfield, where his death occurred ^klarch 28, igoi. To Mr. and Mrs. Logue have been born three children : Hat- lie, born July 4, 1883: J. Homer, born De- ccmljer 21, 1S91: and Florence M.. Ixirn February 22. 1895. In political aftiiiation Mr. Logue is a Democrat, and is at present township school treasurer, the township hav- ing a fund of eighteen thousand, nine hun- dred dollars, the second largest in the state. He is fraternally associated with the Elkhart Camp. ;M. W. a., and the Elkhart Court of Honor. He is an attendant at the Presby- terian church. Mr. Logue taught school for three years in his township, after which he engaged in farming with marked success. He repre- sented his township as supervisor from 1897 till 1901, and was for three years on the judiciary committee, of which he was for one year chairman, this being the leading com- mittee. He was also chairman of fees and salarv committee for two vears. AUCiUST F. REITERMAX. One of the prosperous and influential" farmers of Lake Fork township is August F. Reiterman, who resides on section 8. He was born in the village of Waverh-. Pike- county. Ohio. August 16, 1844, and is a son of Adam and Barbara (Shultz) Reiter- man. The father later removed to a farm in Pike county and August's boyhood was de- voted to agricultural work. His father died' when he was about four years nkl and he worked for his mother until he was about twenty-one years of age. At this time he was married, December 7, 1865, to Miss Medora Xewcomer, who was born in Green- 528 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. brier county, West Virginia, and was but three vears old when she was taken by her parents to Pike county, Ohio, where she re- ceived but a common-school education. For a few years after their marriage Mr. and :\Irs. Reiterman li\-ed upon his mother's farm, but in 1869 they removed to Logan countv, Illinois, and for some time they lived near Lincoln. They then settled upon their present farm, where they have a very pleas- ant home. The children born to Mr. and !\Irs. Reit- erman who are still living are as follows: William H., who was in California when last heard from; Oscar, who lives in Lake Fork township; Mrs. Armina Poe. of Cal- houn county, Iowa; Mrs. Malinda Bicknell, of Lake Fork township ; Carrie, who is at home; and Albert, who was born August 17, 1888. Mr. Reiterman is a Democrat and has been commissioner of Lake Fork township three terms, and while on the board a num- ber of the excellent bridges and roads in the township were built. He is a man of prom- inence in the community and his influence is always exerted towards the betterment of the condition of the people and the improve- ment of the existing conditions. ALBERT OUISEXBERRY. Albert Quisenberry, one of the most progressive and industrious farmers of Lo- gan county, as well as one of its oldest liv- ing pioneers, has made his home in this Id- cality for two-thirds of a centur}-, and has been an important factor in its development and prosperity. He was born in Christian county, Kentucky, on the 2d of ]\me. 1828, a son of Edward S. and Xancy (Tlmrough- kill) Ouisenberry, who were Virginians by birth. The mother died when our subject was only two years old and the father sub- sequently married again, his second union being with Miss Lucy Clayton. Imme- diately after the death of his first wife he removed to Kentucky, and in 1835 came to Illinois. He made his home in Tazewell county for sixteen or scA'enteen years, when he took up his residence in Eminence town- ship. Logan county, where he li^•ed until his death, which occurred in 1864. He left a widow and seven children to mourn his loss. In early life he was a Baptist in religious belief, but later joined the Presbyterian church, and was an active mem1)er of the same throughout the remainder of his life. In politics he was a Repuljlican. The subject of this review began his ed- ucation in the common schools of his native state, but at the age of seven years came with his father to this state and settled in Hittles Grove. The journey was made in a cart, and during the entire distance of four hundred miles they saw not a single bridge, all streams being crossed by ford or ferry. They found this section of the state almost an unbroken wilderness, few settlements having been made, and wild game of all kinds was plentiful. Wolf and deer hunt- ing- was then a common thing, and notices of these Jmnts would be given out from the pul- pit two months in advance. They were well advertised in Bloomington and Lincoln' as well as in the immediate locality and were attended regularly by two nr three thousand people, who would close in around a circle a mile in diameter, with as many as one hun- dred hunters chasing' the deer. Often so manv deer were killed it was hard to give awav the meal, venison being so very com- mon at that time. The- hide was then the only valuable part of the animal. It was the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 529 regular custom on occasion of a hunt to hoist a flag on a pole to designate tiie meeting place. In his younger days Mr. Quisenberry was an expert hunter, and has brought down many a deer with his trusted rifle. He completed his education in this state, conning his lessons in an old-fashioned log school house with its primitive furniture. On reaching manhood he was gi\en one hun- dred and sixty acres of land by his father. who owned about two thousand acres' and gave to each of his children a quarter-section of land. In the family were nineteen chil- dren, eight of whom still survive. In his farming operations Albert Quisenberry steadily prospered, and is to-day the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of valuable and highly productive land in Eminence township, his home being on section 4. He is considered one 01 the best farmers, as well as one of the most reliable men of his com- munity. On the 2jih of February. 1S51. 'Sir. Quisenberry was united in marriage with ^liss Polly Allen, who was born in Ohio, of which state her father, A. W. Allen, was also a native. Of the five children born of this union, two died in infancy. Those liv- ing are Herman E. and Raymond F., twins, and William S. Raymond F. is now assist- ant cashier of the Peoples Bank of Atlanta. The family hold membership in the Cumber- land Presbyterian church, and our subject atBliates with the Republican party. He has never cared for political office, desiring rather to give his entire time and attention to his farming interests. In the summer of 1901 he met with a very painful accident, breaking tfiree ribs. He had previously broken his ankle while in the woods. As one of the honored pioneers and representa- tive citizens he is deserving of prominent mention in the history of his adopted county. GEORGE T. RAYBURX. Among the highly esteemed and much respected retired farmers of Logan county, Illinois, is George T. Rayburn, at present a resident of iliddletown, where he is sur- rounded by e\ery comfort, and is the center of devoted family affection. The birth of Mr. Rayburn occurred in Menard county, Illinois, November 21, 1835, and he is a son of Joseph H. and Rachel (Bird) Rayburn, both of whom were natives of the state of Kentucky, their mar- riage taking place in Adair county, that state, where Mr. Rayburn carried on agri- cultural operations. Some time after 1820 the family removed to Illinois and settled on Baker"s Prairie, near Petersburg, where they remained for one year, and then came into Logan county, locating three miles east of INIiddletown, changing at a later date to a farm one mile south of the town, and re- maining there until the death of the parents. Seven children were born to these most estimable old settlers of this county, some of them having passed away, the others be- ing among the most respected residents of their localities. The family names and residences are as follows: Ann H., who married Henry Snyder, is dead, as is also her husband, and they were residents of Lo- gan county; \\'illiam J- married Eliza Jane Baxter, now deceased, and they resided in Oregon: Logan B. married Martha E. Boyce, both of whom are deceased, and they lived in Middletown: John M. is the next of the family: Malvina J. died at the age of four years : G. T. is our subject ; and Margaret S. is a resident of Middletown. During his youth until he was twenty- one years of age our subject attended the schools of his locality, and engaged in farm- ing on the homestead farm until he was 530 THE BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. thirty years old, at which time he was united in marriage, in February, 1864, to Miss Mary E. Kelsey, who was born in Ohio in 1836. She was a daughter of Jonas and EHzabeth (}*Iartin) Kelsey, the former a native of Ohio, and the latter of New York. Their children were as follows: Sarah, married Daniel Conklin, deceased, the wid- ow now resides at Cerro Gortlo, Illinois: Daniel, deceased, was married : Jemima, un- married, resides on the homestead farm; Ransom D., who married Louisa Hunt, re- sides in Sterling, Kansas: and Annis. who married Philip Carver, resides at Decatur, Illinois. After marriage our subject and wife settled down on the old homestead farm where thev lived until 1895, when Mr. Ray- burn moved into Middletown and has since then resided in this pleasant little city, re- tired from business activity, but prominent in social and religious circles. He owns some of the most desirable property in Logan county, his land in Corwin township being accepted as seme cf the most valuable in this section of the state, and here he has one hundred and fifty-five acres, on section 19, and he also is the owner of one hundred and fifty-six and one-half acres in Menard countv, all of which is well improved and under a fine state of cultivation. Although Mr. Rayburn has never been willing to accept public office, he is an actixe and ardent Republican, and much interested in the success of his party. Fraternally he is a member of Myrtle Lodge No. 470, I. O. O. F.. of ;Middletown, with which he has been connected for many years, while he has long been a lea.ding member of the Cum- Ijerland Presbyterian church, to which he is a literal supporter. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Ray- burn are among the most estimable and re- spected citizens of Logan county and all are located near their parents, the grandchildren growing up almost under their eyes, making pleasant their advancing years. The chil- dren are as follows : Edward F.. who mar- ried Mary E. Reub. and they with their two children, reside on the old homestead farm; Deo J., who married Ethel Masters, resides i:)n the old homestead also, in Menard coun- ty, with two children; and Arthur H., who married Lizzie Jacobs, resides in Corwin townshp, Logan county, with two childern. Mr. Rayburn is well and favorably known rii this \icinity and enjoys the highest esteem of the residents of ]\Iiddletown. PROFESSOR C. S. OGLEVEE. The biological department of Lincoln Cidlege is presided o\-er by a man who is well prepared for his work, so well in fact that in schools cf the same size or exen larger institutions we seldom find men bet- ter fitted for their position than Professor C. S. Oglevee, who is now professor of nat- ural science in Lincoln College. He was born in> Dickerson Run. Penn- sylvania, and began his collegiate education at W'aynesbm'g College in that state. After lia\ing attended there for a short time he came to Lincoln University, now Lincoln College of the James Milliken University, Lincoln, Illincis, where he finished the scien- tific course in 1894. During his collegiate course he showed a tendency to make Ijiolo- gy and botany a special study, and as a re- ward for efficient work in this line he was added to the Lincoln University faculty in the fall (^f 1894. During the following summer he spenf some time taking a special biological course THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 53> at \\cHxrs Hole. Massacluisetts. He also sijent the summer ot 1896 at the state bio- logical experiment station at Havana. Illi- nois, thus letting no chance of advancement in this line iwss. He is now after a few vears of experience in teaching fast becom- ing an authority. Besides being efficient in his special line. Professor Oglevee is also a fine singer, hav- ing a bass yoke of great power and was for a time the director of the choir of the First Cumberland Presbyterian Church of Lincoln. HARDY COUXCIL. Among the farmers of Logan cdunty ^Ir. Council takes high rank, and is credited with conducting his general farming and stock raising after the most scientific and ap- proved methods. He was born in Sanga- mon county, Illinois, January 24, 1859. and his parents. John H. and Edna (Lake) Coun- cil, who were born respectively ^lay 19. 1822, and June 9, 1831. were also natives of Sangamon county. The parents, who are the owniers of fourteen hundred acres of land nine miles north of Springfield, one thou- sand of which have Ijeen divided among his children, are now living a retired life, and are enjoying a deserved leisure. To them has been bom four sons and one daughter, namely : Hardy : Charles, who married Au- gusta Jones, of Fancy Prairie, Illinois, and is now living at Springfield; George, who married Mary Carjienter, of Sherman, Sangamon county, and resides in Hurlbut township, Logan county : William, the twin Tjrother of George, who li\es on the home- stead: and Anna Florence, who is the wife of Charles Cantrall, and lives at Athene. INIenard county, Illinois. Of ambitious nature. Hardy Council ap- plied himself diligently to acquiring such knowledge as was obtainable at the public schools of Sangamon county, his tuition be- ing interspersed with hard work on the heme farm. Two years after he quit school he came to Hurlbut township and assumed charge of the farm which he now owns, and which contains two hundred and sixty acres. besilr. Corthon was united in marriage with }iliss Mary R. ■W'illmurth, who is also deceased, her death having occurred July 2, 1901. She was a daughter of Joseph and Nancy \Vinmurth. Five years after his marriage, Mr. Corthon moved to Illinois, locating at Atlanta, Logan county, where he hillowed his trade of a car- penter for three years. In 1858, he formed a partnership with .\ndrew Downey and engaged in stock raismg for ten years. He subsequently formed a partnership with Alexander Downey, with whom he engaged in farming and stock raising for several years. In 1873, he removed to the place which was known as his home at the time of his death. He placed the land under a high state of cultivation and by economy he was able to leave his family a comfortable com- jietence. He departed this life May 2, 1901, and his death A\as a loss not onlv to his immediate family, but to the entire com- munity. Six children mourn the loss of their parents, five sons and one daughter. A life long resident of L(jgan county, the news of his death was a shock to the en- tire conununity in which he had so long made his home. He made a success of his life an'd when he was called to the great be}-onil he left a name that will long be honored by not only those with whom he was accpiainted, ])Ut by future generations, for it is such men that ha\'e made this great west what it is toda)- — the greatest country on the face of the globe. Mr. Corthon was an active member of the I. O. O. I*"., and from the organization of the Methodist church in .Vtlanta he was one of its most active members, serving as- trustee and Stewart for many years. In poli- tics he supported the men and measures of the Democratic party, but could never be ])revailed upon to accept office, preferring to gi\-e his undivided attentions to his own in- terests. JOHN ATGGINTON. Among the ])rominent early settlers of Logan count_\- is J(_ihn ^^'igginton, whose name is held in honor through the county, and who has been identified with nuich of its- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 539 progress and development. A man of large landed interests, connected with public af- fairs in many capacities, he most worthily rqjresents a very highly esteemed ancestry. The birth of Mr. \\'igginton occurred August 23, 1827. and he is a son of Peter and ^Marguerite (Trumbo) A\'igginton, the former of whom was born in Loudoun county. Virginia, and the latter in Kentucky, where they resided for ten years after their marriage. The father engaged in fanning in Bourbon county, where our subject was born. In the year of his birth they removed to Illinois, and located at Sherman. Sanga- mon county, where the family remained un- til the death of the parents. Twelve cliil- dren were born to them, namely : William, deceased, married Cordelia Hill, of Wiscon- sin, and the widow now resides in Lincoln, Illinois: Samuel died unmarried, in Galena, Illinois: Dortha, who married Stq)hen Clarno. died in Farmer City. Illinois: INIar- tha married Wesley Council, and they re- sided at Williamsville, Illinois, but both are now deceased; Andrew, deceased, married Samantha Boyd, and they reside in Iowa: John, of this sketch, is the next of the fam- ily; Mary married Stephen Beck, and they resided in Logan county, but both are now deceased: James, deceased, married Mrs. Catherine ^Mead, who resides in Wis- consin : Elizabeth, married John Martina, deceased, and the widow resides in Lincoln : XcUie married William Council, and lived in Sangamon county, but Ijoth are now de- ceased: and Rachel died in infancy. Mr. Wigginton of this sketch, who is a man of superb physical development, weighing some two hundred and sixty pounds, has outlived almost all of his family, althmigh his life has been one of almost ceaseless activity, both bodily and mentally, his large business inter- ests requiring a clear head and pmper mental adjustment to conduct to the successful finish which has attended his efforts. When our subject was a lad it was al- most as difficult in his le proud. After the war Mr. Bost returned to his home and resumed work on the farm, \\ith his savings he purchased forty acres of land. which now forms part of his home farm. As there was no house upon his land he pur- chased an old school house, which he fixed up as a residence, but since then has built a comfortable house, barn and all necessary outbuildings and added to his acreage until his farm is a most e.xcellent one of one hun- dred and thirty acres. u\xm which he has made all of the improvements, it being wild prairie land when it came into his posses- sion. He sold a portion of his property to the Illinois Central Railroad Company, which there established Xarita station, formerly St. John's on the Peoria. Decatur & Evansville Railroad, and it makes a con- venient shipping point for him, being only fiftv rods from his home. On the 24th of June. 1879. Mr. Bost married Miss Catharine Sims, a native of Laenna township, this county, and a daught- er of David and Elizal)eth Sims. Three children have been born of thi.-; marriage, namely: Sarah Etta is now the wife of Edward Diggins and lives in Iowa: Ed- ward, who lives near his father, married Etta Stinnet, of Laenna township, and they have one child. David E. : Oscar D.. the youngest of the family, is at home. Mr. Bost is a Republican in politics, but not an office seeker. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity at Mt. Pulaski and is a Chapter ;Mason and a member of the Commandery of Mt. Pulaski. He is also a member of Samuel Walker Post. G. A. R., Xo. 8/. of ;\It. Pulaski, and both he and his wife are memljers of the Eastern Star. They are very pleasant, hospitable people and en- joy the highest respect and esteem of all who know them. CHARLES W. LEE. Among the progressive farmers and esti- mable citizens of Logan county, is Charles A\'. Lee. who was born in Menard county, Illinois. December 4. 1871, and is a son of Peter and Mary (Centers) Lee. the former a native of County Wexford. Ireland, and the latter of Cass county, Illinois. The marriage of the parents of our subject was celebrated at Petersburg. Illinois, in the Catholic church. February 4. 1871. The father lived in that locality until in the spring of 1890. when he moved to Logan county, and located in Elkhart township, where he is one of the prominent citizens. :i member of the Catholic church of Elkhart and a stanch DemtKrat in his political con- victions, but no politician. 542 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Charles \V. Lee, our suljject, was the eldest in a family of eleven children, the others being as follows: John, who mar- ried Anna Sturgedn, and resides nn a farm in Elkhart township; Alar\', the wife ni Thomas Brennan, who resides on a farm in Hurlbut township; Hugh, unmarried, who lives in Wisconsin ; Daniel, who conducts a Yi\er\ business in Elkhart; Peter, unmar- ried, who is a partner with his brother, in the ]i\-erv business, in Elkhart; James and Jennie, at Ik .me; Edward, wlm died at the age of two and one-half years; \\'aUer and Lauretta, at home. . Charles W. Lee attended school in the district in which he was reared, in Menard county, remaining under instruction until he was sixteen years of age, and from that time until he was twenty-one assisting his father on the home farm. He then rented land for himself and started out as an agriculturist, immediately putting into ])ractice the pro- gressive ideas which since then have mater- iallv assisted in making his operatiijns so successful. On October 4, 1900, at Elkhart, Illinois, by Rev. Thomas Kennedy, in St. Patrick's Catholic church, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary G. Brennan, who was born at Elkhart, July 3. 1877, and is a daughter of Thomas Brennan. more extended mention of the faj:iily being made on another page of this volume. After marriage rmr subject located on the farm which he has since occupied. For the past five years he has operated the tine tract of three hundred and twenty acres, on section 4, in Elkhart township, and is justly regarded as one of the most progressive and successful among the young farmers of this neighborhood. He adopts modern methods and machinery and breeds high-grade stock entireh'. In politics "Sir. Lee is a Democrat and he is one of the leading members of St. Pat- rick's Catholic church. Fraternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of America, and carries life insurance in two excellent companies, the New York Mutual Life, and the New York Life Insurance Company. Mr. Lee has improved his farm since locating upon it and his comfortable residence, good barns and attractive sur- roundings give an idea of thrift which speaks volumes in favor of his excellent methods as a farmer. He is highly respect- ed in the communit}-. and in e\-er)' way is an excellent citizen. WILLIAAI II. KIRBY, M. D. \Villiam H. Kirby, M. D., one of the most prominent and successful members of the medical profcssiMn m (/licsluut, was born in Farmer City, DeWilt county, Illinois, November 22, 1851. His parents, Jacob and T-:iizabeth (Page) Kirby, were natives of New jersev, and were married in Farmer City, Illinois, in ]cS5o, whither the elder Kirby had remo\-ed ^\■ith his parents when a voung man, and where his death occurred in 1857. The mother also came to Illinois with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Phineas Page, in 1840, and is one in a family of eight children, who were born in New Jer- sey, Ohio, and Illinois. Jacob Kirby had nine brothers and sisters, wno are now scat- tered over different parts of the LTnited States. Dr. Kirbv received his education in the pulilic schools of DeWitt county, and his medical training was accjuired in the medical department of the Northwestern University, where he spent three years, and graduated THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 543 with honors in tlie class of 1877. For the following eleven years he practiced medicine in De\\"itt county, and gained an enviable rqnitation as a physician and surgeon, his services being in demand from one end of the county to the other. While living here he married Sarah P. Howard, and of this union there have been born three children, of whom two survive, Alfred D. and May K. The children have been educated in the public schools, and the son is now in the high-school of Mount Pulaski, an unusually bright and intelligent youth, who, for the past three years has had a standing in school of ninety-five. Mrs. Kirby is a daughter of Benjamin Howard, and was born in DeW'itt county, Illinois, and edu- cated in the public schools. Dr. Kirb\- is not only a broad minded exponent of medical science, and one who keeps in touch with its progress all o\er the world, but he is also a man of broad and liberal general ideas, and practically ap- plies them to the good of the community. He has witnessed many changes during his long residence here, and he has himself con- tributed in no small degree to the prosperity of the past and present. As a politician he upholds the traditions and issues of the Re- publican party, and has been a delegate to numerous county and state conventions. Fraternally he is associated with the Ma- sons, at Mount Pulaski, being a Knight Templar, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which latter organization he has been a member for the past twenty-fi\e years. His family and himself have for many years been memljers of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is trustee. In connection with his practice. Dr. Kir- by has also been engaged in the drug busi- ness at Chestnut for the past fifteai years, and carries a fine line of drugs, as well as the usual sundries found in a first-class drug store. He has taken an active interest in educational affairs and has acted as school trustee and treasurer for several terms. The Doctor was apixiinted postmaster under President McKinley's first administration and has filled the office nearly four years quite acceptably to the people and wilii credit to himself. The Doctor is a member of the Brainard District Medical Society, of which he is the present president, and is also a member of the State ]^Iedical Society and the Xational Medical Association. ANDREW J. BRAMMAX. One of the most highly esteemed citi- zens of Broadwell is Andrew J. Bramman, who has been identified with the business interests of this locality ever since the open- ing of his career. The birth of Mr. Bram- man occurred in Mt. Pulaski township, Sq>t ember 5, 1866, and he is the son of two most highly respected old citizens, Patrick and Louisa A. (Cartmel) Bramman. Patrick Bramman was burn in County Longford, Ireland, near the city of Dublin, in 1842, and was seven years of age when he accompanied his parents to Sangamon county, and later to Logan county. His avo- cation has been farming, but he is now liv- ing retired, in Broadwell, where he owns valuable property. The mother of our sub- ject was born in Logan county. January 28, 1844, and here she was educated, and met and married Mr. Bramman. Both ]jar- ents are in the enjoyment of physicial and mental health, and are surrounded by many of their children, in homes oi their own. Twelve children were born to iheni, i>ne of these dving in infancv. Terrv M., whose 544 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. death occurred in Broadwell, in 1894, was the second of the family to pass away. He Avas well and widel}- known, far beyond the limits of this locality. He was in many lines a genius, and was a gifted musician. He was the inventor of the original model of what is now known as the Janney coupler, M. C. B. and Goul pocket hand couplers, now in use on almost all railroads in the United States, although he never real- ized any material benefits from it. In 1892 a tramp machinist was kindly received at the Bramman home, and Terr}-, with the kindness which ever intluenced him, Ijelieved his story of bad luck, gave him fund and shelter, and unwisely exhibited to him liis invention. The glib tongue of the trami) in- duced him to part with the model, and this was exhibited at the \\'orld's Fair, in Chi- cago, under the name of the Janney coupler, the tramp claiming it as his own. Other valuable inventions from which he never realized anything were : a folding windmill ; a patent float to regulate the height of water in a tank ; and a hog trough. His trade was that of a barber, and he was also a painter, a musical performer and a critic of no mean (irder. He left one daughter. Essie V. The other members of the Bramman family are: William, who lives in Broad- well; Andrew J., our suljject; ^Minnie L., who resides at home: Edwin F., who lives in Broadwell; Rosa, who is the wife of Frank Buckles, and lives near Mt. Pulaski; Patrick T., who is a barber by trade, and lives at home: James L.. who is a graduate in the violin, under Prof. H. O. Merry, and resides at home: and I\Iamie 15., Charles and Kitt\-, all at home. Andrew J. Bramman received his educa- tion in the common schools and later took a business course in stenography, by mail, from the Potter Business College, of W'il- liamsport, Pennsylvania. He was an am- bitious student and in his youth he cheer- fully walked the necessary two and one-half miles to and from school. For the past six- teen years he has been engaged in clerical work, in the grain business, coming into the present office when it was managed by Ran- dolph, Read & Company, and has remained under the present management of Spellman tS: Spitly. He has been active in political work and since 1896 has been town treas- urer and is township clerk of Broadwell. His residence has always been under the parental roof, the family being a happy and united one. Fraternally ;Mr. Bramman belongs to Kenwood Lodge, K. P.. Xo. 405, of Elk- hart, Illinois: and is an associate member of M. W. A. Cam]) Xo. 5750, Broadwell. He has been one of the most satisfactory of- ficials of the town. ;nid in his private busi- ness enjoys the confidence and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. THO:\IAS F. HOLLIES. One of the leading citizens of Lincoln, Illinois, who is prominently identitled with the city's most important industrial enter- prises, is Thomas F. Holmes, the efficient superintendent of the Citizens' Coal Com- pany. The birth of ^Nlr. Holmes occurred in Brooklyn, Xew York, February 16, 1861. and he was a son of Thomas and Ellen ( Reardon ) Holmes, both of whom were l)orn in Ireland. The former came to Amer- ica when he was a young man of twenty- two vears and during his life, prior to lo- cating in Illinois, was connected with street car lines, but later became a farmer and the owner of property in Lincoln, Illinois, where T. F. HOLMES. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 547 his death occurred t>n July 9. 1901. Tlie mother of our suhject was Ixjrn in 1841 and died iu Lincoln, Illinois, in 1S78. having l)een a most devoted mother, excellent wife and consistent Christian. From their earli- est years lK)th parents had lieen connected with the Catholic church. They had a fam- ily of seven children and five members still survive, these being : Thomas F.. who is tlie subject of this review: William H.. who is a Iwokkeejier in Lincoln ; Ellen, who is the wife of J. Malone>-, of Xincoln: John R., who is a resident of Chicago: and Stephen, who has his residence in Lincoln. L'ntil he was thirteen years of age Thom- as F. Holmes attended the common schools and he later supplemented the education thus acquired by a period at night school. He re- mained on his father's farm until 1880. com- ing then to Lincoln, where he soon became connected with coal interests. Energetic and capable, he filled various positions in the dif- ferent departments connected with the De- catur Coal Compau}-, in Macon county, Illi- nois, where he remained for some time, re- turning to Lincoln to become superintend- ent of the Citizens' Coal Company, in 1889. Mr. Holmes has charge of one hundred and twenty-five men and possesses that excellent judgment antl executive ability which en- ables him to deal justly by them, while still furthering his employers' interests. In 1885, in Lincoln, Illinois, Mr. Holmes was married to Miss Jennie F. McCann. who was born in Pennsylvania, but received her education in Lincoln. To this marriage six children have been born, namely: Robert E., Edgar F.. Walter R.. Agnes. Ellen and Mildred, all of wIkjui are attending school in Lincoln. ilr. Holmes has long been an active Re- publican and has been ever read_\- to bear his part in public affairs for the benefit of his community, but he has never sought of- fice. Stx'ially he is connected with the order of Knights of Pythias, of which he is past chancellor, and also that of Improved Order of Red Men, and has held c*ficial positions in both organizations. Mr. Holmes is a self-educated and self- made man, who has successfully made his way to the front rank in business life by the application of energy, honesty and in- dustry to all his efiforts. The world has need of such men and a close examination into the ranks of those who have become prominent in any line will almost always result in the discovery of just those elements which have contributed to the ad\ancement of Thomas F. Holmes. PETER LEE. A prominent and successful farmer . of Logan count}- is Peter Lee, who was born in County \\'exford, Ireland, April 25, 1847, and is a son of Hugh and Margaret (Col- lins) Lee, natives of the same county, where the father died some nineteen years ago, tlie mother surviving but two years. Both were devoted members of the Catholic church. Six children were born to them as follows: John, who married Eliza Cavanaugh, since deceased, and lives near La Junta, Colorado; Patrick, who married ^lary O'Hara. and lives in Logan county, west of Elkhart: Peter, the subject of this sketch : James, who married Johanna Cody, and resides in Coun- t\- Carlow, Ireland ; and two babes who died in infancy. Peter Lee, of this biography, attended school in Ireland until he was fifteen years of age and then for three years worked for his father on the farm. In 1865 he decided to find a new home for himself in America 548 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and with this end in view took passage from Oueenstown, Ireland, on the good ship St. Bernard, and after eight days landed in Castle Garden, New York. He went imme- diately to Springtield. Illinois, and soon found plenty of employment on the farms in that locality, and remained there for four vears and seven months, later renting a farm for himself in INIenard connty. ]\Ir. Lee was married February 4, 1871, at Petersburg, Illinois, by Rev. Father Cluce, at St. Peter's church, to ]\Iiss Mary Centers, who was born in Cass county. .Vpril 5, 185J. She was a daughter of Levi Cen- ters, who was a native of Ohio, her mother l)eing Frances (May) Centers, a native of Kentuckv. They were married in Mason county, where the father was a farm- er and where the mother still lives, the father having died in January. 1898. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Centers were as follows : [Nlary, the wife of our subject; Jane, who married Thomas Gleason, and resides in ^liddletown, Illi- nois; James, who married and remo\ed to Kansas City, Missouri; Daniel, who is mar- ried and lives in Peoria, Illinois ; Josephine, who married Edward Oars and resides in .^lason City, Illinois. The children born to yiv. and :Mrs. Lte were: Charles, who married ilary G. ,.Brennan ; John, who married Anna Stur- g'eon and resides on a farm near Elkhart ; ]Marv, who married Thomas Brennan, and resides on a farm in Hurlbut township: Hugh, unmarried, who resides in Wiscon- sin : Daniel, who is in the livery business in Elkhart ; Peter, unmarried, who is a partner Avith his brother in the livery business, in Elkhart; James, single, at home: Jennie, also at home; Edward, who died at the age of two and one-half years; and ^^'aller and Lauretta, at home. Shortlv after his marriage, I\Ir. Lee set- tled in ^lenard county, where he lived in different places until he decided to move to Logan C(junty, where many friends and accjuaintances were already lo- cated. On February 24, 1890, he located on a tine farm of three hundred and sixty acres of valuable land, on section 5, Elk- hart township, Logan county, and since that time he lias been actively engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. He is recognized as one of the leading farmers of his locality, and he has also Ijeen successful in the raising of line stock. :Many political otfices have been offered to Mr. Lee and he has been urged to be- come a candidate on many occasions, but he has invariably refused, although he has been active in the ranks of the Democratic party, supporting its men and measures. He came to America with limited means, but bv the exercise of economy, honesty and energv, he has attained a most honorable position in the county, and has reared a family w hich in every way does him credit. Both he and family belong to St. Patrick's Catholic church. JACOB STARR. Jacob Starr, now deceased, was one of the prosperous farmers of Mount Pulaski township, who came from Germany to the new world to try his fortune and found here the op])ortunity he sought. His unremit- ting labor and capable management enabled him to oxercome obstacles and to achieve a fair measure of prosperity. !Mr. Starr was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germanv, April 9, 18x3, and died ]\Iarch 3, .18.S-I, when alxiut sixtv-nine vears of age. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 549 His cliildh(x)d and youth were spent in the fatherland and his education there gained. It was in 1844 that he crossed the Atlantic lo the new world, landing- in Ualtiniort-, ^Maryland, whence he made his way h> \':,u- dalia, Illinois, coming thence to Logan coun- ty in 1846. He enlisted at Mount Pulaski and served through the Mexican war. Re- turning to Mount Pulaski he took up one hundred and sixty acres on a soldier's calim. He had but little capital and went in del.it for the farm implements which he purchased, but labor brings its reward and his efforts at length enabled him to discharge his financial obligation u[)on the place and also to ex- tend its boundaries by additional purchase until he was the owner of two hundred acres, constituting a very valuable tract. He raised large corn crops and these he fed to his hogs and cattle upon which he realized a good profit when placed upon the market. As his financial resources increased he in- vested his money judiciously and made ex- cellent improvements upon his farm, erect- ing a good residence and substantial barns, sheds and all the necessan,- outbuildings. His farm became one of the best impro\ed in the neighborhood. In all his business transactions he was honest and thus won the confidence and respect of those with whiiui he was associated. After his return from the r\Iexican war. Mr. Starr married Miss Carolina Erlenbosh, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, and died in 1853, leaving two children: Henry, now a farmer of Kansas: and Mrs. Katherine \\'agner, a widow living in Ne- braska. Mr. Starr was again married Jan- uary 18, 1855, iiis second union being with ^Miss Katherina \\'einrich, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 4, 1831. In 1854 she came to the L'nited States, landing in Baltimore, whence she came direct to Logan county, Illinois. After his marriage Mr. Starr began farming in Mount Pulaski township. After some years he sokl his first place i>f eighty acres and bought one hundred and twenty acres in the same town- ship. A few months previous to his death Mr. Starr bought a farm of two hundred and ten acres in Broadwell township, but this was not paid for at the time of his death. Mrs. Starr, a lady of most excellent busi- ness at)ility and executive force took up the task of not only caring for and educating their children, but also of clearing the new farm of the mortgage and as the result of her capable management and her well di- rected labors the farm has been made to pay for itself and is now free from all incum- brance. Nine children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Starr, five daughters and four sons, namely: George S.. a farmer; John, a farmer of Mount Pulaski ; Frederick, in saloon business in Mount Pulaski ; Solomon, also a farmer; Mary, the wife of Henry Meister, a farmer; Christena and Ann, at home; Margaret, the wife of Samuel Gro- ber. of Mount Pulaski ; and Lena, the wife of John Spitl_\', a brick mason of Mount Pulaski. ]\Irs. Starr is an acceptalile and con- sistent member of the Second Lutheran church. After paying for the farm she re- moved to the village of Mount Pulaski, where she owns and occupies, with her son George, a good substantial frame residence. In the summer of 1901 Mrs. Starr, with her SI 11 John, liurchased a fine farm in Mount Pulaski township for which they paid seven- teen thousand dollars. Mrs. Starr super- intends all the business interests of the es- tate and not until after her death will the pro])erty be divided, when it will go in e(|ual shares to the children. She speaks both S50 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. German and English and can transact busi- ness affairs in either language. She is an excellent financier, sagacious and farsighted, and her judgment is rarely at fault. She has accomplished much since her husband's death and Isefore that time the}' worked to- gether, she being his advisor and counselor in all things. Like him she enjoys the high regard of many friends, the name nf Starr being a respected and honored one in Logan county from the time Jacob Starr took up his abode here in 1846. CHARLES B. TAYLOR, M D. The skill of Dr. Charles B. Taylerience covering more than fifty years, carried on principally in his native state. However, in 1872 he changed his field (if eft"(M-t t<> Elkhart. Illinois, and after practicing with much success for eleven years, returned to Kentucky, where his death occurred in .\ugust, 1889. His first wife having died in 1861, he was married in 1863 to Carrie Bright, a native of Ohio. A Repuljlican in politics, he was fraternally associated with the ^lasons, and was a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a thorough student of medicine, and recei\ed a large patronage wlierever his Ic^t was cast, and his many admirable traits of character bound to him the affection and friendship of all wlio knew him well. He was the father of five sons, viz : Dr. George O., who married Augusta Harpole and resides in Chicago, Illinois; J. C, who is a druggist and merchant at Elkhart ; Z. T.. who married Dora Brady and is a meml:)er of the firm of Z. T. Taylor & Com- pany, and has se\en children, one of whom is Dr. George G. Taylor, of Hartsburg, Illi- ncis: C. G., who married Sally Allen, has three children, and is a farmer and stock raiser fixing one-half of a mile east of Elk- hart : and Charles B. The education of Dr. Taylor was ac- (|uired in a subscription school conducted by the Presl)yterian church at Columbia, Kentuck}-, and at the public schools in Elk- hart. At the age of nineteen he entered Rush Medical College, at Chicago, and later graduated from the medical department of the Unixersity of Louisville, in 1881. At the time be was regarded as one of the most ])ronfising pupils of the class. After grad- uation he came chrect to Elkhart, and now has one of the largest and most lucrative practices of any of the physicians in the county. He is a member of the Chicago Medical Society and the Capital City Medi- cal Society. Fraternally he is associated with the Royal Court of Honor, of Elkhart, the Kenwood Lodge. No. 545, Knights of Pvtbias, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the R(iyal Arch Masons. In politics he is a Republican. On December 30. 1884. in Hurlbut township. Dr. Taylor married Katie Hun- ter, who was tern in Kentucky in August, 1862, a daughter of James A. and Harriet (Peters) Hunter, natives of Kentucky. The parents came to Illinois about 1835 ami settled in Hurlbut township, but the father (lied in Kentucky in 1895. The mother, who died about 1879 in Williamsville, San- gamon county, Illinois, was the mother of THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 55" five children : Mary, who was l)efore her death the wife of John M. Poorman. of WilHamsville: Elizabeth, who is the wife of James P. McConnell, of Versailles, Ken- tucky, and has one child: Katie, who is now :\Irs. C. B. Taylor: W. A., who is married, has two children, and lives in Leadville. Colorado: Belle, who is the wife of James V. McConnell, has four children, and lives on a farm in Kentucky: and Harriet P., who lives in Kentucky. To Dr. and ]\Irs. Taylor has been born one daughter. Georgia Belle, whose natal day was August 14. 1891. Dr. Taylor has been prominent in the affairs ■of his village and township, has done active work on the board of health and was elected supervisor of Elkhart township in 1893. and, while it was a Democratic board, served on the leading committees. WILLIAAI W. WKiGIXTOX. .\ prominent farmer and stiDck raiser of Logan county, Illinois, is William W. W ig- ginton, who resides on a large farm in Cor- win township, where he has gained a repu- tation for his high-grade cattle. He was born in this county, June i, 1859, and is a son of John Wigginton, of whom a sketch is given in another part of this volume. During his boyhood he attended school in Fairland district, later in Mill Grove dis- trict and still later at the Rabbit Flat school, remaining at schotil until he was twenty-one years of age. during the winters, but work- ing on the farm in the summers. He as- sisted his father for still another year, but January 25, 1883, he was married in Cor- win township to Miss Elizabeth Richards, ^vho was born Octol>er 8. 1862, in this town- ship. She was a daughter of A. V. Rich- ards, a native of Ohio, and his wife, Mary J. Hoffman, an native of \'irginia. In i860 Mr. and Mrs. Richards were married, in Illinois, and he engaged in farm- ing here until his death, .\ugust 18, 1898, being Ituried in Lucas cemetery. The motlier if Mrs. Wigginton still resides on the old homestead farm. In politics Mr. Richards was a Republican, and a leading member of the Methodist church. In their family were four daughters and three sonc, namely: Clarissa, who married O. P. Smith, of Corwin township, and died July 31. 1901: Elizabeth, the wife of our sub- ject : Louise, single, residing with her mother : John, who married Lizzie Stultz and resides in Corwin township : William, who married Zella Beaver and resides in Corwin township ; Delia, who resides with her mother: and Albert, who married Lilly Ogilby and resides in Corwin township. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Wig- ginton numljered three." and are as follows : Floy, born August 8. 1884; Ruth, born Oc- tober 9, 1888; and Gladys, born December 14, 1895. After marriage our subject an married Miss Bumgort and resides in Ger- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 55J manv: Susannaji, who married Frederick Jilgar and resides in Germany; Anna, who is married and resides in Germany ; Anne- stena, who married Max Schirschin in Ger- many but came to America in 1 895 and now resides in Elkhart township, Logan county. llHnois. The others died in cliildhood. Our subject attended tlie excellent schools of Germany until he was fourteen years of age. when he assisted his father upon the farm for about three years. He then worked for other parties as a mechanic until he reached the age of twenty years. At this time he served for two years in the German army, and after his return home worked for himself for several years. About this time he decided that there were more opportunities for a young man in .\merica than in his native country, and in 1S79 he crossed the ocean and located at Lincoln. Illinois, for the winter. In the spring he went to New Holland. Logan county, where he worked as a farm hand for a year. His next employer was Henry Buck, who re- siiled near Atlanta, and our subject re- mained with this man fur two years, when he married. After his marriage Mr. Thomas took charge of the farm owned by his wife, con- sisting of eighty acres, and siirce then has made it one of the finest farms in Logan county. It is situated on section 13. Hurl- but townshij). All of tlie buildings are in excellent condition, the barn is large and the house comfortable and fitted with modern conveniences. The fences are well kept up and the entire place shows that the man at the head is a thorough farmer, who under- stands all the details of his occupation. Mr. Thomas makes a specialty of raising high- grade cattle for the market, and his product finds a ready sale. Mr. Thomas was married March 2, 1886, in Logan county, to !Mary K. Kastens, who was born in Germany, Sq>tember 29, 1853, and is a daughter of Jacob and Anna K. (Smell) Schneider, also natives of Ger- many, where they were married and where the father followed the calling of a fanner. They came to America in 1883 on a steam vessel and landed in Xew York. From that city they went to ^Menard countw Illinois, where they settled on a rented farm. There they resided, engaged in farming, until the death of the father, which occurred May 6. 1894. He is buried in Logan county, and his widow now resides with ^Irs. Thomas. Mrs. Thomas was one of a family of ten children, the others being as follows: Ja- cob, who is married and is now residing in Germany; Peter, who is married and lives in Germany; Minnie, who is the wife of Christian Riebel and resides in Chalfont, Pennsylvania ; William, who died at the age of seven years: Julius, who resides in Lin- coln, Illinois; Caroline, who married Will- iam Hanner and resides in Climbing Hill, Iowa ; Elizabeth, who died at the age of six- teen years: Lewis, who died at the age of twenty-seven : Adolph. who married Isa- bella Davis and resides on the farm at Lawndale. Logan county. Illinois. Marv K. Schneider first married Frederick Kas- tens, also a native of Germany, at the Lu- theran church, Lincoln, Illinois. February 26. 1874. They located on a farm in Hurl- but township and later moved to Menard county, where ^Ir. Kastens died in 1884, leaving one child, of four born, George, who is still at home. After the death of Mr. Kastens his widow bought the farm of eighty acres where she still lives. To Ma and Mrs. Thomas were born the following children : John Frederick. Ixsrn on December 20. 1886: and Anna Maria, born on June 29. 1889 — two bright little 554 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ones, the pride of their parents" hearts. They ah'eady give promise of Ijecuniing ex- ceptionally fine children. Mr. Thomas is independent in politics, believing it the l>est policy to vote for the best man and for the principles l)est suited to th* needs of the people rather than to con- fine his intluence to^ any particular party. The family all attend the German Lutheran church in Lincdln, and are \-ery active in all good works. Mr. Thomas is very popular throughout the tnwnship, and his pleasant home is often a gathering place fur the neighbors wlm enjoy the hearty Imspitality extended them bv the host and hostess. EDWARD GIBSOX. One of the most responsible p..sit-ions connected with the great buildings of mod- ern (lavs is that of the engineer, the com- ])licated macbiner}- which n(.w brings com- fort, combined with safety, requiring the services of those who have been carefully trained in this line of work. Particularly is this the case in the Home for Feelile-iNlinded Children, which is located in Lincoln, Illi- nois, where are sheltered hundreds of these helpless wards of the state. The capable in- cumbent of that office is Edward Gibson, who is the subject of this biography, and who was appointed to this position of re- sponsibilitv bv the late Governor Tanner, and whose efficiency has been recognized by a reappointment by the present executive. The b.irth of :\lr. Gibson occurred in Tuscarawas county. Ohio, T>>bruary 5, 1842, and he is a >.on of Robcrl and Isa- bella (Cunningham) (iibs.m.botb of wh..ni were natives of Ireland. Robert Gil)- son came of a familv of influence and mean;. in Ireland, and was taught the profession of music, teaching prior to liis marriage in his own country, and after locating in Phila- delphia, Pennsyhania. in 1835, still suc- cessfully continuing it. Later he removed to Ohio, where he died in 1843. The mother of our subject was born in Ireland in 181 3. and came with her husband to America, in 1835. .\fter the death of Mr. Gibson she married William Stewart, who is a resident of Emporia, Kansas. The two ^■iiidren of her first marriage were: Mar- garet, who is the wife of William Pollock, a farmer living in the vicinity of Emporia, Kansas, and Edward, who is the subject of this sketch. By her second marriage she be- came the mother of three sons and three daughters, all of whom reside either in Iowa or in Kansas. The death of the mother oc- cnrretl in Logan connt\-, Illinois, in 1869. Edward Gibson, our subject, acquired his education in Illinois, coming to the state and locating in Pike count)', in 1848. The trip was made overland and but one railroad was crossed during the long journey from Ohio. That was in the state of Indiana, for at that time no improvement of this nature bail reached Pike count)-. There our sub- ject remained until the outlireak of the Civil war. Until he was fifteen vears old he lived with his step-father, but after that he man- aged his own career. As a farmer bo)-, accustomed only to the most peaceful of jjiu-suits, our subject en- listed as a soldier, in July, 1861, entering Company D, Seventh Illinois \'olunteer In- fantry, but one year later he was discharged on account of disability. This did not dampen his youthful ardor or loyalty and in lulv, i8f)2. he re-enlisted, entering the One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry and served faithfully until the close of the war, recei\ing his honoral)le discharge August i, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 557 1S65. Mr. Gibson proved his valor at Bel- mont. Missouri; Fort Henry. Kentucky; Fort Donelson, Tennessee: Pittsburg Land- ing and Shiloh. After re-enlisting he took part in the siege of Vicksburg; Clarendon. Arkansas ; and Little Rock ; and did his full share in guard duty and in the frequent and often dangerous skirmishes with the enemy. Returning from the war safe and vic- torious, Mr. Gibson found his first opening for future usefulness in farming, although his natural inclinations led him in another direction. The opportunit)- had not yet come for perfecting his knowledge in engineering, toward which his tastes h?.d always in- clined him. In 1879 he went to Kansas, selling his farms in Oran and Aetna town- ships, consisting of two hundred and eighty acres of land, upon which he had passed fourteen years, but the following year he secured a position near Lincoln. Illinois, where he ran a stationary engine until 1892. Then he accepted the position of engineer and foreman of the Lincoln Excelsior Fac- tory, efficiently performing the duties there for tive years. In 1897 he was selected by the late Governor Tanner as chief engineer for the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Chil- dren, at Lincoln, and on June 3, 1901, he \\as re-appointed by Governor Yates. This is considered the most responsible p<:)sition, with one exception, in the institution. Mr. Gibson has been so careful and at- tentive to his duties that during his man- agement no serious accident has ever oc- curred, and he keeps in his employ two experienced assistants and a steamfitter. Mr. Gibs(jn was married in October, 1863, in Logan county, to Miss Mary Fraz- ier Ferguson, who was born in Gibson coun- ty. Indiana, in August, 1845. and is a daughter of John and Emily O. ( Knowles ) Ferguson, the former of whom died in the same year Mrs. Gibson was lx)rn. The sec- ond marriage of Mrs. Ferguson was to Thomas Perry, the child of the first mar- riage lieing Mrs. Giljson, while two daugh- ters and four sons were born to the second union. Elizabeth married Samuel Holmes, who lives at Beason, on a farm, and there the mother died in 1899, at the age of eighty- one years. The rest of the family have homes in Indiana and Oklahoma. The education of Mrs. Gibson was pur- sued in the common schools of Indiana and Illinois, coming to the latter state in i860. She has long been connected with the Meth- odist church, to which Mr. Gibson gives a liberal support. The family bom to ^Ir. and Mrs. Gibson numbered eight children, three of whom died in infancy, the survivors be- ing as follows : Clarence R.. who lives in Lincoln, engaged in farming, married Eliza- beth Willmert, who died in 1900; Florence E., who married Herljert Rockwell, lives in Lincoln, with one daughter, — Ruth; Ly- man E. is a steamfitter in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and is single ; and Amy and Alma reside at home. All these children have creditably passed through the common schools at Lincoln and are useful members of society. In his political life Mr. Gibson has al- ways upheld the principles of the Republi- can party and has taken an active interest in public affairs. He has served a number of times as school director, township clerk and township collector, and in 1890 he was ap- pointed census enumerator of Sheridan township. His first vote was cast for J. M. Scott, for judge of the supreme court, and in national affairs he voted for President Lincoln, in 1864. Socially our subject meets old comrades in the Leo W. .Myers Post, Xo. 182, G. A. R. : is a member of the Union \'eterans 558 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Union, and is also connected with tlie camp of M. \V. A., No. 109, and has passed all of the chairs. Mr. Gibson has shown him- self to be a man of sterling business quali- ties, has filled public offices with efficiaicy and has won the confidence of the public in such a way that it feels satisfied that one of the greatest charities of the commonwealth will never be neglected in his special line while he holds his present position. HOX. JAMES C. TAYLOR. The substantial career <>f James C. Tay- lor, president of the Bank uf Elkhart, has lent solidity and strength to the political and commercial growtli of Elkhart, and has jjlaced him among the popular and influen- tial citizens of the town. A southerner by l:)irth and training, he was born in Adair county, Kentucky, May 26, 1850, and is a son of Dr. James G. and Sally (Elliott) Taylor, who were also natives of that coun- ty. For over half a century his father was successfully engaged in the practice of medi- cine, most of that time being spent in Ken- tucky, but in 1872 he came to Illinois, and followed his profession in Elkhart for eleven vears. He then returned to Kentucky, where he died in August, 1889. He was a thorough student of medicine, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice in the com- munities where he resided. Politically he was a Republican, and socially was a mem- ber of the Masonic order. He was also a consistent member of the [Methodist Episco- pal church, and was held in the highest re- gard by all who knew him. His first wife died in 1861, and two years later he wed- ded Carrie Bright, a native of Ohio. In his familv were five sons, namelv; Dr. George O., who married Augusta Harpole and resides in Chicago; James C, our sub- ject; Z. T., who married Dora Brady and is a member of the firm of Z. T. Taylor & Company, of Elkhart; C. G.. who married Sallv Allen and is a farmer and stock raiser living a half mile east of Elkhart; and Charles B.. a physician of Elkhart, whose sketch appears on another page of this vol- ume. Mr. Taylor, of this review, was reared in Kentucky, and his preliminary education was acquireil in the early subscription schools, held in a little log school-house. Between the ages of fourteen and sixteen he- also attended the high school of Columbia,. Kentucky, and later worked on a farm for a couple of years. In the fall of 1872 he came to Elkhart, Illinois, and entered tlie employ of his brother, George O. Taylor, then a druggist of that place. Two years- later he became a memlier of the firm, which then assumed the name of Taylor Brothers. Subsequently, when Z. T. was admitted to- a partnership in the business, the firm name was changed to Z. T. Taylor -& Company,. as it now stands. The firm is now engaged in general merchandising, carrying a large and well-selected stock, and in another store- room deals in drugs and druggists' sundries. Besides his interest in this business our sub- ject also owns some valuable farm land in Elkhart and Hurlbut townships. Mr. Taylor is a Repiiblican in national politics, and bis influence is ever exerted for the best interests of his party. As a poli- tician he is held in high esteem, and his in- tegrity is never questioned. He has been a member of the Republican central commit- tee, school treasurer, president of the village l.joard and super\-isor of his township. Al- though the county board was Democratic at that time, he was appointed on several im- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 559' portant committees. In 1900 his ability to deal with the questions and issues of the day receivetl recognition from his fellow citizens, who elected him to the state legislature from the thirty-second district, and while a mem- ber of that august body he served on the fol- lowing committees: Finance, pulilic chari- ties, penal and reformatory institutions, parks and boulevards, retrenchment, county and township organization, soldiers" home, sanitary affairs and senatorial apportion- ment. He tcxik gin active part in the sena- torial redistricting or re-apportinnment. using his influence especially to have Lugan county assigned to a Republican district, as it had previously been a Democratic dis- trict for ten years, aiid his efforts met with success. His various oi^cial duties have l)een discharged with a promptness and fidelity w the L'niteil States in iSdi, settlini;- in Shelhyville. lllin.ns. where he fcillcweil his trade 'if Imildint;' and cuntractins', ennduel- ing- liis liusiness do a large scale. The mother died April 28. 1900. .\s a means df future livelilmcd Thcimas Eent.m turned his ynuthful atlcntidu to a mastery df the trade of jeweler, and liecame an expert in his line. Of an active tempera- ment, the CdHlinement incident tn the manii)- ulation of his trade soon began to tell on him, and he was forced to abandon his a.spirations in that Hue. In 18S5 he l^egau to learn the trade of harness maker, and has since applied iiis knowledge of the same with credit to himself and with UK.ist sub- stantial i)ecuniary results. The marriage of Air. Fenton and Emma White, daughter of Jonas White, one of New Holland's representative citizens, was solemnized February 11, 1897. Mrs. Fen- ton is a member of the Alethodist Episcopal church, and contributes generously towards the maintenance of the same. Mr. Fenton is a Democrat in politics, but he is not ac- tive in political matters. He is a man df pleasing address, tact and particular kind- ness of intention, and is esteemed by all whu are privileged to know 'him. JOHN C. WIGGIXTOX, Jr. One of the most progressive young farmers of West Lincoln township, Logan county, Illinois, is John C. ^\'igginton, Jr., who was born in this county, December 14. 1865. His father was John Wigginton, a sketch of whose life appears upon another page of this volume. During his lioyhood oiu' subject attended the common sciiools of his district, and in the fall of 18S1 entered the uni\ersity at Linculn, but his health, par- ticular! \- his eyes, l)ecoming weak, he was fdrced to give up the close application of the schddlr(Kim, and returned tO' the homestead farm in 1883, and there remained until 1887. Then he acce])ted a position in a stdre Id- eated at lielltldwer. Illinois, remaining there for three months, and during this time he- came acquainted with the lady who later consented to become Mrs. Wigginton. Mr. Wigginton then embarked in busi- ness at P.urtonview, under the firm, name of J. C. Wigginton & Company, and he was- alsd appointed postmaster, but he remained there l)ut three months and then sold to his ])ai-tner and returned to the homestead farm, where he remained until January 3, 1889. On January 3, 1889, ^Ir, Wigginton was married to Miss Mamie Hender, who was born in Galesburg, November 17, 1867,. and is a daughter of Frank Hender, who was born in England, on St, Valentine's Day. in 1831. Mr. Hender was a sailor by jirofession, and after coming to America, in 1850, he occupied various positions on the water, both in Xew York and on the ]\Iis- sissippi river. As he was skilled in the culi- nary art, he was generally engaged as a cook during these early days, and for a time acted in that capacity on the Iron Mountain Rail- road. Going then to Quincy, he worked in the hardware business for the lirni of Corn- stock Hardware Company, and when the hrm purchased a store in (ialeshurg he was sent to take charge of it, under the name of the I'.ahcock Hardware Company. Later Mr. Hender bought this firm out and business was carried on imder the firm name of Hender, Andrew & Comp.any. The business prospered under the new manage- ment until a fire destroved building ami 562 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock, and after erecting a new building and stocking it Mr. Hender had tlie misfortune to sutYer from fire a second time. Later he traded what was saved from the fires to a merchant in BeHfiower, ^McLean county, for a farm consisting of one hundred and forty acres, later adding to it until he owned three hundred acres. Upon this land he lived un- til the time of his death, December 17, 1895. In politics he was a stanch supporter of the Republican party, and was devoted in his adherence to the Episcopal church. The mother of Mrs. Wigginton still survives, and lives with her two sons on the old homestead farm. Mrs. ^^"igginton was one in a family of five children born to her parents, these being as follows: Frank, who married Sarah ""A'arren and resides on the homestead farm ; Albert I\I., single, who resides with his mother and is engaged in extensive farming, the firm being known as the Hender Brothers; Lula, who is the wife of George Howe, a farmer in Mansfield, Piatt county : ]\Iamie, who is the \\-ife of onr subject ; and Rose Gertrude, who is the wife of Samuel Howe, who resides in Piatt county, near ^lansfield. The children born to Air. and l\Irs. \\'igginton number three, and are as follows: Mable, born March i, 1890; Al- bert IL, born March 23, 1892; and Irene, born October 7, 1896, all bright, intelligent and attractive children. Immediately after his marriage ]Mr. AMggintcn settled in Sheridan township, on a part of the old iKmiestead farm, and for twelve years that was the pleasant family home, but at that time he had an opportunity to secure his present most desirable and val- uable farm, consisting of two hundred and twenty-eight acres in West Lincoln town- ship. His beautiful residence is located on a high knoll, overlooking -the surrounding country, and all of his buildings are in the state of improvement which tells that the owner takes a personal pride in his sur- roundings. Here Mr. Wigginton raises great numbers of high-grade stock for mar- ket purposes, and has established a reputa- tion in this line. In politics he has been an active Republican, was census enumera- tor for 1900 and for a number of years has been a school director. He was one of the incorporators of Lucas cemeterj^, one of the oldest and largest in the county, and since its incorporation has been its secretary. TOHX BREST. Though at present living a retired life in Elkhart. Illinois, ]\[r. Brest has contributed his share toward de\eloping the agricultural resources of Illinois, and he is entitled to the competence which has followed in the wake of his labors and to the sincere respect which his life inspires in the hearts of all who are fortunate enough to know him. Of German ancestry, he was born on the his- toric Rhine, December 19, 1819, and was educated and reared in his native land. His parents. John and Christine (Runk) Brest, were also natives of Germany, where they were married and where seven of their chil- dren were born. On May 10, 1834, the father and two sons embarked at Havre on a sailing vessel, and after thirty-five days landed in Xew York City, the mother and five children coming to America the follow- ing year. The father located at Cleveland, Ohio, and for three }-ears was engaged at various occupations, afterward removing to Pike county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming, owning one hundred and forty acres of land. His first wife died in 1843, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 563 and in 1847 he married Lizzie Sides, who hved until 1871. lier husliand liaving- pre- deceased her in i8()6. Jc.hn I'.rest. Sr.. was an industrious, liard-working man, and was honored and respected by all who knew him. In early life he affiliated with the Lutheran church, but later became associated with that of the United Brethren. In politics he was a Democrat. The children born of his first marriage were : Lawrence, who married Elizabeth Stover, and both of whom are de- ceased, lived in Pike county, Ohio, and reared a family of six children ; John is the next of the family ; Lena, who, with her hus- band, John Ropes, is also deceased, lived in Ohio and had four children ; Henry lives in Ohio; Phoebe is also deceased, as is her hus- band, George Geese; ^Mary is the widow of FredCottonbroak and lives in Ohio: Chris- topher, who married Miss Teavault, now deceased, is now living with his third wife in Pike county, Ohio ; and two children died in infancy. Through his second marriage John Brest, Sr., became the father of the following children: Conrad married ^Mary Frv, and later Minerva Birdick, and lives in Logan county; Peter lives in Nebraska and is married to Mary Douce : Jacob, who lived in Ohio, was married, and is mnv deceased; Phoebe; and a babe died in chiklhood. John Brest came to America with his mother in 1835, at which time he was six- teen years of age. In his native land he had acquired a fair common school education, but, of course, knew nothing about the En- glish language, and had to pick it up as best he could while working for his daily bread. He was at first employed at digging canals for about a year, and then went to work on a farm for thirteen dollars a month. At the end of four years he returned to the public employment on the canals, and after two vears of this returned to his home and worked on a farm for about fi\e years, dur- ing thai time being emploNCil by one man. On April 1. 1843. he married, in Pike count}'. Ohio. Lucy Marshall, who was Ixjrn in Ohio. March 19, iSjd, a daughter of Richard and Sarah Ann Marshall, the for- mer of whom was a native of England. The parents were married in Meigs county, Ohio, and later removed to Jackson county, where the father, who was a minister of the Universalist church, died. To himself and wife were burn the following children: Elizabedi, the widow of Jacob Hoover, has three children and lives in W'atseka, Illinois; Joshua, deceased, married Lucinda Throat- martin, now living in Ross county with her four children; Lucy was the wife of John Brest : John lived in Ohio and is now de- ceased ; Richard, with his wife, Lucinda Throatmartin, is deceased; Sarah married C. S. Stratton and lived in Salem, Illinois, and both are dead ; Lizzie is deceased ; and two infants are dead. After his marriage ;Mr. Brest engaged in farming in Pike county, Ohio, and in 1855 came to Sangamon county, Illinois, and benight a farm of eighty acres, upon which he lived for fifteen years. Eventually he sold this property and purchased one hun- dred and eighty-six acres of land in Elkhart township, which he improved, and built a residence and barns and fitted up with all modern conveniences. In 1883 his life was saddened by the loss of his wife, July i<), and two years later he retired from active life and bought a comfortable home in Elkhart. This lunue is cared for by his adopted daughter, Grace Plummer. Mr. Brest has been prominent in Republican political mat- ters, and has served as school director and highway commissioner. He is a meml)er of the Lutheran church. To Mr. and Mrs. Brest were born ten children : George, born 564 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. January i, 1846, died Jannan- 17, 1846; Christine, born April 21. 1847. married Peter Reimers. has nine children and li\-es at Lake Park, Dickinson county, Iowa; an infant, born December 9, 1847. n the farm he now occu- l)ies on section 30, Elkhart township, al- though he also owns considerable projierty in other portions of the country : in all, own- ing one hundred and sixty acres in Logan comity in addition to his share of his fa- ther's estate of one hundred and thirty-two acres, one hundred and si.xty acres in Kan- sas, and one hundred and sixty acres in Da- kota. On his home farm he has a large,, modern residence and a fine training barn, and he makes a specialty of training high- grade harness and saddle horses, for which he has natural ability. In order to carry out his ideas with regard to such matters, Mr. Leach has a well-equipped barn and ex- cellent track, and also breeds standard-bred liorses and high-grade shorthorn cattle, and he also feeds a great many cattle. His harness horse "John Hackett" took a goh\ medal at the state fair, and his horse "King- Rex" has taken a great many premiums. 11 Me had a three-year-old record of 2:2c)'/.. liis horse "Ulake." 2:13 '4. is n<;\v being trained for the track, and is one of the high- est bred hor.ses in the state. Mr. Leach is also the owner of other good stock besides those enumerated. On January 14, 1891, he was married to Miss Minnie 1'.. McClelland, a daughter of Robert and .\nnie (Groves) McClelland. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the ceremony being performed at tlie resi- dence of the bride in Sangamon cmmty, Illi- nois. Mr. IMcClelland and liis wife were both natives of that county, were married there and lived in that locality for a number (if years. They then removed tn Chicagn, but after three years came to Lincoln, where they now reside. 'Mr. ^McClelland is also engaged in horse training. He and his wife have two children, as follows : Minnie, wife of our subject; and Jacob, who resides in Chicago and is a bookkeeper for the Armour Packing Company. Mrs. Leach was born in Sangamon county, September 15, 187-', and by her marriage has become the mother of four children, namely: IMabel, born on March 6. i8q3; Annie, born on July 2, 1894; Nor- \al, born on May 3, 1896; and }^Iinnie. born on November 16, 1898. Mi: Leach is a Re- ])nl)lican in politics, and is a member of Elk- luirt Camp of Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica. He attends the Cumberland Pre.sby- lerian church, and he and his wife are very highlv respected in the locality where they make their home. HEXRV GOBLL^I.W. This well-known and prominent Inisiness man of Chestnut was born in Jackson coun- ty, Ohio, on the 20th ol March, 1853. Hi-; father, Valentine Gobelman, was born in Germany in 1812, and in that country grew to manhood and married ^liss ]'.;irliara Spohn. also a native of the fatherland. In their family were the following children: Barbara, wife of Louis Ropp. of Jackson ccjuntv, Ohio; Elizabeth, wife of Levi Scherenlierger. of Pike county, Ohiti: Kath- erine. who is li^•ing at the old home in Jacl-:- son county, that state; Phoebe, widow of John Wambaugh, who died in that county in 1870: Valentine, also a resident of Jackson ci>untv, ()hi( : Mary, wife of Jacob Frick, of Pike county, Ohio; and I'hilip, who re- sides on the old homestead. The early life of Henry Gobelman was like that of the average farmer boy reared in Ohi(X He attended the district schools as opportunity permitted and early became familiar with agricultural pursuits. Leav- ing home in March, 1877. he came to Chest- nut. Illinois, where he was variously em- ployetl for some time. At first he engaged in farming upon rented land and then pur- chased one hundred and eight acres, which he improved and tilled to excellent advan- tage, but he has fonnd mercantile pursuiis more to his liking, and judging from his success it is the occupation for which he is best littetl. In 1887 he embarked in general merchandising in partnership with \\'illiam McMahon, who ten months later sold out to our sul>jecfs present partner, William Bapst, and the business has since been con- ducted under the firm name of Gobelman & Bapst. They have a good store which is well stocked with hardware and general merchandise, and the patrons of this well kept establishment receive the most court- eous and kindly attention. Besides his liusiness property and a good residence in Chestnut Mr. Gobelman still owns the farm of one hundred and eight acres which he purchased some years ago. In ii^JJ ^Ir. Gobelman wedded ]\Iiss ^larv Bapst, who was born in Pike county, Ohio, and was educated in its public schools. She is the oldest in a family of six children. Mr. and Mrs. Gobelman have eight children, three sons and five daughters, namely : Liz- zie, now the wife of Nute Lakin. of Logan countv : lunma. Lulu, William W., Frank THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 571 L., Pansy and Tracy, all at home. The family attend and sii])i)on the Alethodi-Jt Episcopal church. During President Cleveland's tirst ad- ministration Mr. Gobelman was appointed postmaster of Chestnut, and on the expira- tion of the term his partner was given the same oflSce. while our subject became assist- ant postmaster, serving as such during Pres- ident Harrison's administration. During the latter part of President Cleveland's sec- ond term ^Ir. Gobelman was reappointed postmaster to fill an unexpired term of eighteen months caused by the defalcation of the former postmaster. He proved a very competent and trustworthy otificer. and has always had the entire confidence and respect of his fellow citizens. ASA R. ATCHISOX. This energetic and progressive young farmer, whose home is on the line dividing Logan and McLean counties, was born in the former county on the 26th of June, 1868, and is a worthy representative of one of her highly respected families, being a son of George W. and Mary A. (Reece) Atchi- son, whose sketch appears on another page of this volume. He received a good prac- tical education in the country schools near his boyhood home and by assisting in the operation of the farm gained an excellent knowledge of agricultural pursuits, which he decided to make his life work. He has given his attention exclusively to farming on his own account, and has met with good success, now operating a well im])ro\ed and highly cultivated farm of one hundred and sixty acres in McLean county belonging t(j his father-in-law, Guv H. Tuttle. On the 1 8th of February, 1897, Mr. Atchison was united in marriage with Miss Hattie May Tuttle, the accomplished daugh- ter of Guy H. Tuttle, who is one of At- lanta township's most prosperous farmers and distinguished citizens. This union has been blessed with one child, Guy. In his po- litical affiliations Mr. Atchison is a Re- publican. GEORGE \V. ATCHISOX. George W. Atchison, deceased, was not only one of the prominent farmers of Oran township, l)ut was also a gallant defender of the L'nion during the dark days of die Civil war. He was born in Kentucky. June 4. 1834, and was a son of Isham S. and Mary C. (Crawford) Atchison, who were also natives of the Blue Grass state. His paternal grandparents came to this country from Scotland and first settled in Pennsyl- vania. Isham S. Atchison was born Decem- ber 12, 1804, and received a good country school education. As soon as old enough to handle a plow he commenced work in the fields and devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, becoming a very successful and ex- tensive farmer. He was a capable financier and a man of excellent business and exec- uti\e ability, and through his own well di- rected efforts became the owner of o\er one thousand acres of fine farming land. He was noted for his hospitality, and at his death left a host of friends as well as rel- atives to mourn his loss. He was one of the pioneers of Logan county. ha\ing acc(jm- ])anied his jjarents on their removal to this liicality in 1834 and settled near the city of .\tlanta. In early life he wedded Miss Mary C. Crawford, whose parents. William and Margaret Crawford, were originallv from 572 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Kentuck\-. Slie was born February 12, 1805, and is now deceased. They were the parents of eight children, namely : Pauline E., now Mrs. A. Eskew, who resides in Peoria, Illinois: John T., David W. and Charles \\'., all residents of Atlanta town- ship, this county: and George \\\, of this review. It was during- the infancy of our sub- ject that the family settled in Logan coun- ty, and amid pioneer scenes he grew to man- hood upon his father's farm, receiving an exceptionally good education in the country schools of those early days. He was fond of literature and was a well read man. After his marriage, at the age df twenty-three years, he was given two hundred acres of land by his father, who presented each of his children with a farm, and to the improve- ment and cultivation of that place he devoted his time and energies until a year prior to his death, which occurred April i, 1891. He left a nice estate, including ]iroperty in Atlanta, besides the old homesteatl in Oran township, where his widow and daughter still reside. Mr. .\tchison was married, .\pril u, 1837, ti Miss Mary A. Reece, who was liorn on a farm near Springfield, Ohio. June jo, 1 8,^57. and came to Illinois in 1840 with her parents, Sampson and Sarah (Pole}-) Reece. Her father, who was an extensive farmer of the Buckeye state, died in 1859, and her mother departed this life in 1882. Unto ;\lr. and iVIrs. Atchison were born the following children: Pauline Ethleen, the oldest, resides with her mother in .At- lanta: Winiheld Scott, b.orn November 30, 185.), died Mardi 14, i88n: Charles Henrw born h'eb>ruar\' 21, 1862, is li\-ing on the heme place in Oran township: Nellie Howe, born April 24, uSfiq, is the wife of G. W". Paullin, of Atlanta: Frank Ross, born June 26, 1868, died August 8, 1900; Asa R., twin brother of Frank R., is represented on another page of this volume : and Teedie T., l:)orn Februar_\- 3, 1872. died August 16, 1874: Bertha Luella, born February 9, 1875, died August 28, 1878: and Edgar Judson, born May 6, 1877. On the inauguration of the Civil war ]\lr. Atchison laid aside all personal inter- ests and in June, 1861, enlisted in the three- months' service. In October, 1862, he re- enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and' Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantrw and Mas appointed corporal of the company, in which capacity he served until honorably dis- charged in February, 1865. Much of his. time was devoted to guard duty, and he also assisted in caring for the wounded soldiers as a nurse in the hospital. Later he was an honored member of the Cirantl Army of the- Republic, as well as the Independent Order' of Odd Fellows, and \\as a sincere and earn- est Christian, hcvlding membership in the Methodist church. He was regarded as one of the best and most influential citizens of his community, and he commanded the con- fidence and respect of all with whom he came in contact either in business or social life. WILLIAM BAPST. The substantial traits of character in- herited from his (ierman ancestry have been (.f invaluable benefit to Mr. Bapst in the prc.secution of bis farming and mercantile interests. .\t present a merchant at Chest- nut, he has ;i fine business, and has w(jn the C(;nhdcnce of the community by his sterling integrity and exident desire to please. The _\'onth of Mr. Bapst was spent in Pike countw ()hio, from which countx' have THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 573 come so many good citizens of Illinois. His father. Louis Bapst. was Ixirn in Ger- many, near the Rliine. in Wurtemberg. and came to .\merica in 1S46. settling in Ohio, where he farmed and raised stock until his ossessor of a house and six lots in Chestnut, and the firm owns one hundred acres of land in .\etna township. He is a member of the Methodist church, while his wife affiliates with the Lu- theran church. He is a Republican in pol- itics, and was postmaster during the admin- istration of President Harrison. A public- spirited citizen, he enjoys the confidence and respect of his town, and numbers many friends among the residents of Chestnut. WILLIAM FULSHER. A very prominent and successful farmer of Logan county is William Fulsher. a Ger- man by birth, but now an American citizen. He was born June 21. 1844, and is a son of Christian and Hannah ( Strobach ) Fulsher, both of them being natives of Germany, where they were married, not coming to America until 1854. Locating in Ohio, the father engaged in carpentering and contract- ing, and there he died in 1890. after eighty- six years of usefulness. The mother is still living in Waverly, Pike county, Ohio. A family of seven children was born to the parents of our subject, he being the third in order of birth, the others being as fol- lows : Harmon married Louisa Cr a time worked on a farm, eventually locating in Lincoh.i. where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and where he still lives, now retired. He married Dora Awe. and nf this union there were seven children, of whom onl\- two arc still living, our subject, and William, now a resident of Lincoln. The mother emi- grated to America from Germany about i860, and of her nine brothers and sisters all are living in Logan county, with the ex- ception of John Awe. who died in 1901. in Lincoln, Illinois. Albert Ahrens was educated in the graded schools ( f Lincoln, and during his younger years also assisted his father in iiis work on the farm. When twenty-six years of age he left home and started his present business in the village of Chestnut in De- cember, 1896, having bought the building he now occupies, and here carries on a suc- cessful business. He has seen considerable of tlu> world, having taken a trip to Cah- fornia in 1S91, thinking that jxissibly he might in the future make that his lii>mo. However, he found no inducements su- ])erior to those (ffered in the st;ile of his birth. After returning to Illinois he married, Ik^cember jg. 189J. Carrie Schaffenacker, daughter of ( ieorge and Katherine Schaf- fenacker and a sister of Louis Schaffenack- er. whose l>iograpliy appears in this work. She was horn in Chestnut in i8(>8. and Is line in a family of eleven children. To yir. and Mrs. Ahrens have been born two chil- dren, OJga, who was bo.rn Xovembei" ('). 1895, and Annie, who was born October 8. 1897. The parents are members of the Lu- theran church at Chestnut, of which Mr. .\hrens is the treasurer. EDWIX C. PERKIXS. Among the leading and proniincnt at- torneys of Lincoln is Edwin C. Perkins, who is now serving as master in chancery. He was born in Braxton county. West Vir- ginia. Mav I. i860, and is a son of Enoch and Eliza (Salisbury) Perkins, also natives of that county. His paternal grandfather was .\ndrew Perkins, who was born in Vir- ginia of Scotch descent, and his maternal grandfather was Thomas Salisbury, wh.o was of German lineage. The latter was connected with the Strong family, which was of Puritan stock and was represented in the Revolutionary war. In 1865, at the close of the Civil war. Enoch Perkins left his old home in West X'irginia and came to 576 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Lincoln. Illinois, where he spent scane years, but is now li\ino- a retired lite in Wymore, Nebraska. His wife is also living. By oc- cupation he w.is ioimerly a farmer. yyr. l\'rkiii>. of this review, was only a small child when brought by his parents to this county, and in its district schools he acquired his primary education. He assisted his father in the work of the home farm un- til eighteen years of age. in iSS,:; he began teaching school in this county. anart in politics, although he ser\-e.)d and resides near Bartlett, North Dakota: Backus, who married Lydia Osljorn and re- sides in Jackson. :\Iinnesota: Abliie. who married Benjamin fiishop and resides near Lucas. Iowa: and Hulda. who is Mrs. Lanterman. Mrs. Lanterman was born in Logan county Xovember 5, 1S58. and was well ed- ucated in the common schools of the district. She was a teacher in this and S.angamon counties, and is a lady of excellent qualities and go.id jutlgment. Since the death of her hu.sband she has managed the affairs of his estate in a remarkably satisfactory and suc- cessful manner, and her children are grow- ing up into line men, showing forth in their '582 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. lives tlie result of a good mother's training, and example. Among her neighhors and friends Mrs. Lanterman is greatly heloved for her kind, gentle qualities and charity, and in the Baptist church, of which she has been a memljer since the age of sixteen, she is a most acti\e anil efficient worker. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Lan- terman are as follows : Robert, who was born Mav 6, 1882. and is at home managing the farm for his mother: William E., born March 30, 1884; Earl L.. born ^larch 20, 1887: Richard O., born September 5, 1889; Howard S., born August 13, 1892; and Winfield Raymond. Ijorn April 27. 1895. PHILAXDER SIMCOE. Farming in Logan county. Illinois, has proved a profitable and pleasant \enture for Philander Simcoe. who was born in Pike county, this state, on the 8th of February. 1844. His father, Larkin B. Simcoe. was a native of King and Queen county. \'ir- ginia. and in early manhood married ?\Iiss Martha A. Howey. who was born in \\est Virginia in 1820, and came to Illinois at an earlv age with her parents, the family set- tling in Pike county, where she was mar- ried. There Larkin B. Simcoe died prior to 1850. He had four children, one of whom died in infancy. The others are Catherine, wife of George Foreman, of Piatt county. Illinois; Philander, of this review: and Jonathan, a resident of Finney county, Kan- sas. For her second husband the mother of these children married Absalom Foreman, and about 1865 they removed to Aetna town- ship, Logan county, where Mr. Foreman died the same year. In 1886 she went to Finnev cuuntv, Kansas, where she made her home until her death, which occurred in April, 1897. By her second marriage she also had four children, namely : Sarah, now Mrs. Arthur Simes : ^Lirtha J., wife of John Splaine; Absalom C. ; and Lutilla. wife of Thomas Cunningham. Into an otherwise uneventful youth came the opportunity for Philander Simcoe to enter the service of his country during the dark days of the Civil war. At Louisiana, ^ilissouri, he enlisted February 12, 1862, as a private in Company B. First Infantry, Missouri State Militia, under Captain Lonergan and Colonel John B. Gray, and was later prcjmoted to corporal. He was ni the service three years, and was honorably discharged on the 7th of April, 1865. With the return of peace he took up his residence in Pike county, Illinois, but soon afterward came to Logan county, where for a time he worked as a farm hand. He then engaged in farming on his own account, and as time passed he steadily prospered in his under- takings and is to-day one of the successful agriculturists of his community. In his home place he has one hundred and five acres of rich and arable land in Aetna town- ship, and also owns another farm of one hundred and thirty-five acres in the same township, while his wife has forty acres in her own right and a dower right in one hun- dred and twenty acres. On the loth of February, 1881, Mr. Simcoe was united in marriage with Mrs. Elizabeth W. Dawson, a native of this coun- ty, and a daughter of Daniel and Lorinda ( Harcourt ) Pattison. Her father was born in Kentuckv. Init at an early age went to Indiana, where he married Miss Harcourt. In 1849 thev came to Logan county. Illi- nois, and settled in what is now .\etna town- ship, where for many years Mr. Pattison op- erated the mill at what was then known as THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 5«J- Yankeetown. He and his wife both died there. Mrs. Simcoe first married Calvin Dawson, wlio died leaving one daughter. Eva C. now the wife of John I'ortnian, of Lincoln. Illinois. UiUo Mr. and Mrs. Sim- coe were born five children, namely: Her- man Leroy, who is a graduate of the Spring- field Business College; Alice and Martha, who are now attending the Lincoln high school : and Raymond and Mildred, who are stutlents in the home school. .\s a stanch Republican Mr. Simctje has taken a very active and influential part in the political affairs of his township, and has been honored with a number of kxral of- fices, including those of school director, road commissioner and collector. For twehe years, ending in 1899. he efficientlv served as supervisor and was a member of va'rions important committees. In 1899 he was chairman of the Ixiard and was alwavs one of its most prominent members. He is con- nected with the Grand Arm\- of the Repub- lic, being a member of Leo \\". Mvers Post. Xo. i8j. of Lincoln. TAMES BAKER. ty. He early evinced commendable business ability, which found vent in his earliest years in a gradual acquiring of a knowledge of his father's business, until he is to-day one of the expert brick men of the coimt}'. Xot only is Mr. Baker one of the reliable and progressive business men of the place, but he is identified with social and general undertakings represented in Chestnut. His pleasant home is presided over by Mrs. Baker, who was formerly Cordelia Harp, who was born in Ohio May 9, 1853, a daughter of Levi and Mary (E\erly) Harp, and one in a family of five children. The marriage of ^Ir. Baker and Miss Harp oc- curred B'ebruary 25. 1869, and of this union there are the following children, namely: W'illard B.. Rosa, John F., Ezra and Xora. Five children are deceased. The children have Ijeen educated in the public schools, are bright and interesting, and are a credit to- their admirable home training. Mr. Baker is esteemed by all who know him, and stands high in the community as a business man and citizen. In politics he is a Republican. Mr. Harp died in 1854, and in 1855 the mother with her family came to this lo- cality, later marrying Pike Cantrel, and here lived till her death, in 1894. The name of Baker will ever be assf)- ciated with one of the most substantial in- dustries in Chestnut, namely, the manufact- uring of brick. The business here owes its origin to that pioneer brick man and splen- did citizen, Samuel Baker, who came here after a meritorious service during the Civil war, and. beginning on a small scale, so con- ducted his affairs that the present fine enter- prise, now managed by his sons, James and Frank, is the result. James Baker was born in Logan county, Illinois, in 1849. a"d ^^as educated in the pulilic schcwls of this coun- SAMUEL BAKER. Logan county owes a debt of gratitude to Samuel Baker, who, though practically retired from active business life, has occu- pied an enviable place in the commercial and -social life of Chestnut since shortly after the close of the Civil war. At present sev- enty-rive years of age. he is still active and in the full i)ossession of his splendid facul- ties, a worthy example of correct living and S84 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. well applied industry. The brick business with which his name will always be asso- ciated iTas grown from a comparatively small beginning to its present large pro^xjr- tions, and although he has ostensibly stepped aside and accorded his place of manager lo his sons. James and Frank, he is still a rec- ognized force in the conduct of the business, and a wise consellor to whom it is pleasant and profitable to listen. Ohio, which has produced so many ca- pable men, and sent them forth on various missions in different parts of the country, was alsd the birthplace of Mr. Baker, his natal day being March 14, 1826. His fa- ther, Hein\v Baker, was born in Pennsyl- ^•ania and died in Allen county, Ohio, Feb- ruary 28, 1854. His wife, Mary Binkley, died in Allen county October 2, 1879, at the age of eighty-eight years. Samuel Baker was educated in the Buck- eye state and there reared to manhood, and in 1844 removed to Springfield. Illinois, from which he departed after a year for Logan county. He here ran a mill for about eleven years, and was afterward en- gaged in different occupations until the breaking out of the Civil war. In 1862 he enlisted for three years in Company E, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois i'olunteer In- fantry, and took part in the attack on the Mississippi river just below Vicksburg, and was also in the siege of Vicksburg, besides many other battles and skirmishes. In fact lie saw the war through to a finish, and was honorably discharged in 1865. After the war he came to Chestnut and started the brick business as heretofore stated, and has since Iieen identified with the most substantial and conservative growth of his locality. He is the possessor of a well cultivated farm of forty acres, owns a comfortable brick house, and has be- sides considerable town property, A Re- publican in national politics, he has held \arious responsible politiical positions, in- cluding that of school director for many years, always with credit to himself and the community whose interests he made his own. He is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Charles Moore Post, No. 725, of Chestnut, of which he has been surgeon for many years. In 1841 Mr. Baker married Mary Rip- ley, and of this union there were five chil- dren, two of whom are living, James and iM-ank, whii are the present managers of their father's business. Mrs. Baker died January 4, 1882, and in 1884 Mr. Baker was united in marriage with Sarah Gerhard, who was born in Schuylkill county, Pennsyl- vania, and came to Illinois in 1883, To Mr. and Airs. Baker have been born three chil- dren : Charles, born in 1885 ; Edwin, born in 1886; and Benjamin Harrison, born Sep- tember I, 1888, Frank Baker, the second son by his fa- ther's first marriage, was born in Logan county, Illinois, July 15, 1858. He was ed- ucated in the public schools, and when very Aoung became familiar with the brick busi- ness and learned the same under his father's capable instruction. He assumed his pres- ent position with the firm in 1889, and is one of the managers of the only brick man- ufacturing concern in Chestnut. The brick made is a hand product, and its manufact- urers and the public in general claim for it many superiorities over the common run of the ccnuuodity as made elsewhere. Mr. Baker married Minnie Burrus, a daughter of James Burrus, who is a resident of Lin- coln, Logan co'unty, Illimiis. This marriage occurred in 1883, and nf this union there are live children: Emma, born in 1883; David, born m 1885 ; Richard, born in 1887; THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 585 Martha, lx)rn in 1889; and Eugene, born 'u 1896. Mr. Baker is a Republican in ])ol- itics, and lias served for three years as a schciol (lircctcr. W'itli his family, he at- tends the .Mcthddist Episcnpal church. He is one of the forceful and energetic business men of Chestnut, and is making a tine suc- cess of his business. James Baker married Cordelia Harp and to them ha\-e been born ti\e children, who are Ii\ing: W'ilianl. Frank, Rosa. Ezra and Xora. JOHN J. C0S5ITT. John J. Cossitt, assistant cashier of the Lincoln National Bank at Lincoln, Illinois, was born in that city on the 23d of January, 1869, and since attaining to man's estate has been prominently identified with her busi- ness interests. His father, Chauncey Mar- cus Cossitt, was iDorn in Clayville, New- York March 13. 1833, a son of Chauncey P. and Elizabeth H. Cossitt. When President Lincoln issued his first call for seventv-fi\e thousand men to assist in putting dinvn the rebellion Chauncey AI. Cossitt enlisted, and faithfully served liis camtry until the close of the war. After his discharge fn mi the army he came to Lincoln, and was success- fully engaged in mercantile business at this place until his retirement from active busi- ness. In early manhood he married Miss ]\Iary Tappan, who was born in Manchester. ]\Iassachusetts, August 2. 1833, and is a daughter of Samuel and Xancv Tappan. She is still living, but her husband died in Lincoln May 25, 1894. Mr. Cossitt, of this re\ic\v, spent the days of his boyhood and \(iuth in the ci'\- of his birth, attending the ]iul)lic schndls. and be completed his education in the Lin- coln high school. He began his business career as an employe of the Central Union Telei)lione Company, and served them for i'wQ years in various capacities u]) to the ])o- sition of manager. In 1888 he accepted the position of messenger and collector in the Lincoln National Bank; was subsequently promoted to bookkeeper; still later to teller, and on the ist of January, 1901, was made assistant cashier. He is also one of the owners and managers of the liroadway theatre, and is one of the most enterprising and energetic Inisiness men of Lincoln. On the lytli of November, 1896, ;Mr. Cossitt was united in marriage with Miss Maude E. Houser, of Lincoln, a daughter of Dr. W. \\'. and :\Iary (Oliver) Houser. Her father is one of the prominent physi- cians of the city. Politically Mr. Cossitt is identified with the Republican party. Both in business and social circles he is quite pop- ular, being a courteous, genial gentleman, and he well deserves the high regard in which he is held. ]Mr. and Mrs. Cossitt are iiieml)ers of Trinity Episcopal church, of which he is one of the vestrymen and also treasurer of the diocese of Springfield. HEXKY \MEMER. Henry W ienier, a prominent farmer of Prairie Creek township and owner of one hundred and sixty acres of land, known as the old W'iemer homestead, was Ixirn in this county August J(>. 1862. and is a son of lienhard and Charlotte (Cramer) W'iemer. both natives of Cicrmany. In that country the mother first married William Reaper, with whom she came to America in 1854, but her hu.sband died of cholera during the trip up the Mississippi river soon after 586 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. reaching the United States. Their daugh- ter Mary died of the same dread disease while crossing the ocean. Mrs. Reaper was thus left alone, a stranger in a strange land, with no one to aid her. She was in delicate health at the time, ami a son. William, was Ijorn soon after her arrival here. He died later. She suhsequently married Benhard \\'iemer. who was horn in Prussia, Ger- many, and came to America in 1852, locat- ing first in Pennsylvania, where he worked in the coal mines. Inn after five years spent there he removed to Havana, Illinois, and was emplox'ed in a grain elexator there for some time. Later, embarking in farming near Havana, he remained there until 1862, when he settled on the farm which our sub- ject now occupies, and remained here until 1899. when he removed to San Jose, his present hoiue. The mnther died in 1896. Fi\-e children were burn to them, name- ly: Albert, who is now li\ing in Prairie Creek township: Charles, wlni resides in San Jose and owns and operates a large ele- vator at Harness : Lizzie, wife of John Theobald, \\ho resides in ]\Iason county, Illinois: Henry, our subject: and Fred, who died young. All were given good common- school educations. supplemented with courses at various colleges. Our sui:)ject remained upon the old farm, taking care of his parents in their latter years and oi>erated his father's farm. He now o\\ms the old homestead of one hundred and sixty acres on section 21, and also op- erates another farm of eighty acres which belongs to the heirs of his father's estate. In politics he is a Republican, for one year held the position of township clerk, and is now school director, having held the lat- ter office for four years. Socially he is a member of the Knights of Pythias of Em- den, and of the Modern W'liodmen o{ Amer- ica at San Jose, Illinois, He is a very in- telligent citizen of the township, and is a good representative of the progressive farm- er of to-da_\-, who keeps well posted on cur- rent events and is well calculated to lead in local politics. Judging his future by the light of the past, there are many honors in store for Mr. W'iemer, not only in the town- ship, but in broader fields, where it is safe to predict that the same public spirit, clear judgment and honoralile dealing in every particular which ha\e characterized his ac- tions in the da\s gone by \\\\\ make him eipially successful in carr^'ing out the wishes of the people who place their trust in his integrity and abilit)-. WILLIAM JOHNSTON. Prominent among the wealthy and in- fiuential farmers of Logan county is this- well-known resident of Aetna township, who has done much toward the de\-elopment of the agricultural resources of this section of the state. He was born in the ntirth of Ireland about 1835. and received but a lim- ited education in the schools of his native land. About 1850 he emigrated to Amer- ica and located near Quebec. Canada, where for al)out six years he worked in the pineries. Upon coming to the United States in 1856 ]\Ir. Johnston lived for a time in Pike county, Illinois, where he was engaged in clearing land along the railroad tracks for so much per acre. He later engaged in farm work by the month, but after spending one year in Pike county he came to Logan coun- ty and leased eighty acres of land in Aetna township, which he operated for ab<)ut five years. [Meeting with success in his chosen THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. occupation, he was then able to purcliase a quarter-section of land on section 7, tlie same township, which he at once coninienced to improve and cultivate. In i860 he also bought five acres of timber land, for wliich he paid one hundred dollars per acre, and as lunil>er was hard to obtain he used his tim- ber to make rails for fences and for the erection of his house and barns. Being in- dustrious, economical and persevering, he has steadily prospered in his farming opera- tions, and to his original purchase he has added until he now has two thousand acres of land in Logan county, all of which is in Aetna township, with the exception of eighty acres in Chester and six hundred and forty acres in East Lincoln township. He is the largest individual land owner residing in Aetna township. He also owns a section of land in Woodbury county, Iowa. Al- though he is obliged to employ man\- men in carrying on his farms, he is still activelv en- gaged in their operation, and none can turn out a more satisfactory day's' work. Mr. Johnston has been twice married. his first wife being ^liss Rosa Armstrong, to whom he was married in 1855, and l)v that union four children were lx)rn. but t\\ u died in childhood, and all are now deceased. The wife and mother departed this life in 1864. On the 19th of June. 1866, :\Ir. Johnston was united in marriage with ]Vliss Margaret Irvine, of iMontreal. Canada, who was also born in the north of Ireland and emigrated to Canada when fifteen years of age. The children born of this union are Alexander: Katherine J., now the wife of Herman Randolph, of: Aetna township: Thomas : Belle, wife of Thomas M. Harris, of Lincoln. Illincis: George; May: Sue: and Edna. The unmarried children are all liv- ing at home. Appreciating the value of a g(X)d education, Mr. Johnston has given his children the best possible advaniages along that line, being students at either Lincoln or \\'esleyan Universities. In his political views ^Ir. Johnston is a Republican, and he has been called upon to fill the oftices of highway commissioner and school director. He is a member of and active worker in the ^Methodist Episcopal church at Harmony, of which he is a trus- tee, and contributes liberally toward the maintenance of the same. In other matters also he may be depended upon for liberal support, as he never withholds his aid from any enterprise which he believes calculated to pro\e of public " benefit. He deserves great credit for the success that he has achieved in life and well merits the high re- gard in which he is held by his fellow citi- zens. His family is one of prominence in the communit\- where thev reside. JOHN DEAX GILLETTE. For many years John D. Gillette was one of the most prosperous and influential citi- zens of Logan county. The family to which he belonged was of French Huguenot or- igin, and was founded in the L'nited States in 1 63 1, his ancestors being among the early settlers of Lebanon, Connecticut. His paternal grandfather, Benoni Gillette, was. a soldier of the Revolutionary war. His fa- ther was Eliphaz Gillette, who was born in; 1 79 1, and married Amarilla Sanford. Our subject was born in Connecticut April 28, 1819. and attended the Lan- castrean school at Xcw Haven. After spending two years in the south he returned to Connecticut in 1838 and was a student at l^earl's Academy in Xew IIa\en for a time. In the fall of that year he came to 588 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Logan county, Illinois, and after visiting his uncle at Bald Knob he commenced work at eight dollars per month. Saving his wages for two years, he was at length able to enter four acres of prairie land at one dollar and a quarter per acre, and on attain- ing his majority two years later increased his entry to one hundred and sixty acres, and also building a house upon his land. In 1842 he was the owner of two hundred and forty acres, and so successful was he in his farming operations that as early as 1850 he had the largest farm and the most cattle, hogs and horses of any one in the count}-. He seemed to take the greatest pride in his cattle and frecpiently had as many as four thousand head. All his sur- plus money he invested in cheap land, and in 1852, in company with Robert Latham, entered over six thousand acres. At the time of his death, which occurred August 27, 1883, he owned sixteen thousand five hundred acres of land and vast herds of cat- tle and horses. He was also president of the National Bank of Lincoln, and one of the most successful and wealthy citizens of this part of the state. In politics he was u strong Republican, and was a personal friend of President Lincoln, but he always refused political honors. LOUIS SCHAFFEXACKER. Louis Schaffenacker. who has for many years been identified with the vicir.ity of the village of Chestnut, is an lllinoisan. and was born in Logan county December 10, 1866. His father. George S. Schaffenacker. was born in Germany in the early "^os. was edu- cated in the fatherland, and emigrated tn America some time in the '^os. Ui)<)n settling in Logan county, Illinois, he en- gaged in brick making for some time, and then thought to improve his pn^spects by remo\ ing to California. However, he saw no adxantages there which were not to be found in the middle states, so returned to Logan county, located in Mount Pulaski, where he erected a brick house, and settled down to the life of an industrious citizen. In 1857 he married Catherine Stoll. and to them was born the following children : Anna B.. who is the wife oi Rev. E. Beil, rect(ir in the \illage of Chestnut; Cath- erine, who is the wife of Adam Feuerbach, i>f Lincoln, Illinois: Mary, who is the wife rtable residences in the place. Mr. Schaf- fenacker has a large responsibility in regard THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 589 to the estate left by his father, of which he is the manager and trnstee. ami of whic'i he will eventually inherit his share. In pol- itics he is a DenuKrat. is supervisor of the township, and has in the j>ast been a mem- ber of the school Ixxird. S.\MUEL SPARKS. Among the men who have long been prominently identified with the agricultural interests of Logan county, Illinois, is Sam- uel Sparks, a son of Samuel and Marv- in Hurd) Sparks, the former a native of Xew Jersey, and the latter of Ross county, Ohio, in which state they were united in marriage. W hen fifteen years of age Samuel Sparks, Sr., accompanied his father, who was a minister of the Baptist church, on his re- moval to Ohio, and there engaged in farm- ing until 183 1, when he came to Illinois and settled in Sangamon county, where he spent two years, and then removed to Logan coun- ty. He first located in Corwin township, but two years later settled on section 36, Sheridan township, where he bought a farm of eight)- acres. He also owned a fifty-acre tract of timber land in Corwin township. In p<.ilitical faith he was a stanch Demo- crat, and for a number of years was both :idKXl, in this county. He em- braced every possible advantage in this line up to his twentieth year, although the whole time did not aggregate a great deal, on ac- count of the long distance that he had to cover going and coming from schLX^l. Having lost his father when eighteen years of age. Mr. Sparks assisted his mother in carrying on the farm until he attained his majority, and rffter his marriage purchased the interests of the other heirs in the old homestead. On the 21st of February, 1867, he was married, in Lincoln, to iliss Mary Ellen Wendell, who was born in Ohio in 1849. rn in Greene .county, Pennsylvania, December 1-. 1810. a daughter of .Anthony and Sarah (Royal) Stout. She was left an orphan when young and came to Illinois in the fall prior to the deep snow. For about twelve years Daviil ^\'. Clark made his home in Sangamon coun- ty, Illinois, and then came to Logan countv abcut 1842, locating in Laenna township. where he improved a farm consisting oi three hundred and seventy-five acres. lia\ing begim his farming operations in this county while in very moderate circumstances. He erected g(X)d and substantial buildings upon the place, and continued its cultivation un- til 1890, when he removed to Mount Pulaski and lived retired until his death, which oc- <:urred February 3. 1892. In politics he was an old-line \\'hig and later a Republican, and in religious belief was a r^Iethodist Protestant. He served two years as countv assessor, being the last to fill that office, and unaided he assessed the whole county. For a number of years he was the honored presi- dent of the Old Settlers Society and one of its active organizers. He was a man highly respected and esteemed by all who knew him and had a host of warm friends throughout the county. His estimable wife, who was also a faithful member of the Methodist Protest- ant church, departed this life December 15, 1897. They were the parents of si.K chil- dren, who are still living, namely : Thomas S., a resident of the state of Washington; Margaret A., now the widow of William Upp, and a resident of California; Isaac T., of Mount Pulaski ; Robert D., our subject ; Charles R.. of Polk county. Nebraska; and .Angeline M., wife of David B. Wacaser, of Mount Pulaski. Reared on the Immc fanu, Robert D. Clark began his education in the district schools of the neighborhcwd, and later at- tended school at Indian Point, Menard coun- ty, and took a course at the State Normal Scht.'jl at Normal, Illinois. For si.xteen years he successfully engaged in teaching school, and had charge of the school in his home district ten years of that time. He then followed farming, first operating a tract of rented land. His first purchase con- sisted of one hundred and sixty acres i>i Laenna township, which he imprmed, but he subsequently sold that place, having in the meantime purchased the old homestead in Laenna township, consisting of two hun- dred and sixty-four acres, to which he sub- sequently added seventy-five aci^es. all of which he still owns. It is under a high state of cultivation and well improved with good buildings. In connection with general farming he also engaged in stock-raising. In 1896 he removed to Alount Pulaski, where he is the owner of a beautiful home and other property, and now gives some at- tention to real estate business under the firm name of A'onderleith &: Clark and to looking after his investment. On February 2, 1873, Mr. Clark mar- ried Aliss Catherine Edmonds, who was born in Mount Pulaski February 13. 1853. Of the three children born of this union a son and daughter died in infancy. The only one now living is Minnie L., now the wife of Ed. O. Mayer, of Mount Pulaski. So- cially Mr. Clark is a member of Mount Pu- laski Lodge, No. •?.■;, A. F. & .\. M., of which he is the present master; Mount Pu- laski Chapter, No. 121, R. A. M.. and ilount Pulaski Comiuenderx-, No. 39, K. 592 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. T. : and is a stanch supporter of the Repub- lican partv. While in Laenna township he held the various oftkes in the gift of the people, including that of supervisor, to which he was elected in a Democratic town- ship. He is one of the representative and prominent citizens of his native county, and 5s a man of influence in the community where he resides. XOAH COSBY Prominent among the energetic, enter- prising and successful citizens of Broadwell township is Xoah Cosby, who has been ac- tively identified with its agricultural and stock raising- interests since an early day. Here his entire life has been passed, fur be Avas horn upon his present farm, June 21. i860, and is a worthy representative of an honored pioneer family of this county. Nathaniel Cosby, the father of our sub- ject, was Ijorn in Kentucky on Christmas Day, 181 3. and was a son of William and Frances Cosb}-. natives of England antl Germany, resijectively. Some of his rela- tives are still living in Kentucky. .\.s early as 1836 he came to Logan county, Illinois, and took up two hundred and eighty acres of land at the government price of one dol- lar and a qxiarter per acre. For six years he worked as a farm hand at ten dollars per month, being in the employ of Colonel La- tham at Elkhart Grove, and in 184 J com- menced to improve his property, which is the present home of our suliject. He as- sisted in laying out the town of Broadwell. and also in making the survey of Broadwell township. He took a very active part in promoting all enterprises which he believed would prove of benefit to the community, and \\as regarded as one of the most valu- alile and useful citizens of his township. Alaout 1872 he retired from active labor, but continued to reside uix)n the old home farm until his death, which occurred June 7. 1875. He enjoyed exceptionally good health, \\as strong and active, and in busi- ness afifairs was thoroughly reliable and con- scientious. By his ballot he supported the men and measures of the Democracy, and ga\e to the support of all church and philan- thropic work. In early life Xatbaniel Cusliy married ^liss Eliza Foster, who was of German de- scent, and the\- became the parents of eleven children, four of whom died in infancy. Those li\-ing are Debljie, wife of Andrew Eisminger, a grain buyer of Lincoln, Illi- nois; Ora. wife of Edward Ballinger, of Downing. ]\Iissouri ; Mary \\'., wife of An- tlrew Bauman. cjf Furnace county, Ne- braska: Noah, the suliject of this sketch; John A., a traveling salesman living iu Danville, Illinois : H. L.. a physician, of Lin- coln ; and Nathan, a resident of Broadwell. The mother cf these children, who was an earnest member of the Christian church, died on the old home farm in 1898. at the age of sixty-nine years. Noah Cosby is indebted to the district schools of Broadwell township for his edu- cational advantages. He attended school oul\- during the winter months, the summer being de\(;ted to farm work. He was only fourteen years of age when his father died, and the responsibility of carrying en the htune farm devolved upon him, though he had practically had charge of the place for two vears previous to this time. In 1898 he purchased 'the interests of the other heirs, and is still successfully operating the old homestead. Since seventeen years of age he has been engaged in buying and shipping THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. $93- stock, ])riiicipallv cattle and liogs, and for a citizen lie meets every reqnirement. and the past tinn-tcen vears lias acted as ag-ent manifests a cnmniendahle interest in cverv- fnr the firm nf Spellman & Sjiitley, srain thing- that is calcuhited to promote thu \v->l- dealers nf l.inoli'i. and enjoys their cmi- tare df his n^vn > .,• cnuiUy in any line. In t'idence to a marked degree, lie is a manner he is pleasant, genial and apjir. lach- straightfnrward. energetic man. and is meet- ahle. and all wlm know him esteem him ing with excellent snccess in all his nnder- highly for his gcnnine wnrth. takings. In I'.rnadwell t-wnship Mr. Cnshy was '^^ married, in iSSi. tn Miss :\larv H. Love, who was b,.n, in Pike omnty. Ohio. Jnly n^W .\lc I )( ).\AL1) ( iA.S.\\\•A^•. 22. 1 838, and was edncated in the schools of that slate and Logan cinnty. lllinnis. Anung the highly respected citizens of Her parents. Sanniel and !■ ranees Love, are M. nnt Pnlaski wh.. have laid asi.le all bnsi- still residents of Proadwell townshij). the ness cares and expect to spend their re- former being- now seventy years of age and maining years in ease and cpiiet is John Mc- the latter sixty-two. One of their five chil- Donald (iasawa)-, \\h^ ried. Settling in R. iss countx, he bcame one elected supervisor in i88(). and fperous farmers of that locality, he filled that office with credit to himself but deciding to come farther west, he re- and to the entire satisfaction of his con- mo\ ed witli his family to Logan county, stituents. He was chairman of the jioor Illinois, in 1855, and settled in Pake Fork farm committee four years, of the printing ti:wnship. where he engaged in farming for and building committee tw-o years and was many ye;n--. lie died on the old home tann a memljer of several other important com- in \i<7^) at the age of eighty-live, his wite in mittees. Mr. Cosby h,-is also served as i8,So. ai the age of seventy-nine. I'.othwere .school director twelve vears, and is a mem- devout members of the Methodist church, her of the board at the present time. He is atid were highly respected and esteemed by also a member of the xilkige board, was for- all who knew them. Of the ten chililren mer1y ]jresident of the same, and is now ser\- born to them, eight reached years of matur- insj on the street and allev committee. As itv and came to Pogan county, namely : THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Mary, James D., Jolin M., Jane, ^^'illiam H., Thomas D., Sophia and Nicholas. Only three of this family still survive. John ]\I. Gasaway was reared in mucii the usual manner of farmer hoys of his day, his time being divided lietween the work of the home farm and attendance at the district school of the neighborhood. At the age of twenty-four years he was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Eliza Poe, of Ross county, Ohii '. a daughter of Hiram and Mary ( Gasa\\a\ i Poe. They had six children, of whom fnur are still living: :\Iary, widuw of Ahram Mc- Kenny and a resident of ]\Iount Pulaski ; Sophia Horn, deceased: Hiram X., a con- stable of Mount Pulaski : and Arthilda, wife of B. F. Scroggin, a banker df ()ak, Xe- braska. After his marriage Mr. Gasawav fol- lowed farming in Ohio until 1853, when he came to Logan county, Illinois, and pur- chased three hundred acres of land in Lake Fork townslh]). in partnership with his cous- in. I. W. (lasaway. Later he bnught a farm of twi) hundred and eighty acres in the same township, which lie still owns, and upon that place he made many useful and valuable improvements, which still stand as monu- ments to liis thrift and industry. He gaAC considerable attention to the rai'^ing of a good grade of cattle and hogs, and fed all of the products of his farm to his stock. Rent- ing the farm in 1886, he remo\ed to [Mount Pulaski, and has since lived a retired life, enjoying the fruits of former toil. Here he has a good modern residence, on E^st Cook street. By his ballot Mr. Gasaway always sup- ports the men and measures of the Demo- cratic party, and while li\ing on the farm took a i)rominent part in local politics. He served nine }-ears as tinvnship trustee, was assess(u- of Lake Fork township, and high- way commissioner ; and for twelve years was also commissioner of the drainage district of Lake Fork townsJiip. He and his wife are among the leading members of the Christian church of ]\Iount Pulaski, in which he has ser\-ed as elder for se\-en years. They have celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniver.sary, having traveled life's journey together for over half a century, and they are among the most highly respected and honored citizens of their community. Up- right and honorable in all things, Mr. Gasa- way has gained the confidence of all with whom he has been brought in contact, and well merits the high regard in which he is uniformh' held. .VXDREW KEYS. .Andrew Kevs. a wealthy retired farmer of Oran township, who is residing on the old h(.)mestead only a short distance from Beason, was born in Pike county, Illinois, June J J. J 845, and is a son of James and Alary il{\ans) Keys. In the family were six children, two of whom died in infancy, and Francis, a brother, died on a farm ad- joining our sul)ject's. He was married and at his death left a widriw and five children. The others are still living. The father was a native of Ireland, where his parents spent their entire lives, the grandfather of our sub- ject being a very successful farmer of that count rw In 1833. James Keys crossed the Iiroad Atlantic, and on landing in Xew York ])roceeded to (Jhio, where he spent about nine \ears. In 184-' he removed to Brown Ci;uniy. Illinois, and two years later settled in Pike county, this state, where he success- full}' engaged in agricultural pursuits until Ids death, which occurred in 1852. His wife. ANDREW KEYS. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 597 who was also a native of Ireland, survived him many year.«i.and died in Octoher. 1893. In the county of his nativity Andrew Kevs was reared and educated, and in 1865 came to Logan county with 'his mother, brother and two sisters. Mrs. Keys first purchased three hundred and twenty acres of land where our subject now resides, and later added eighty arres to it. All of this land is now owned by our subject and his brother's family. Seven years later Mr. Keys located on his present farm, having at that time eighty acres, which his mother gave him. and in his farming operations he has since met with marked success. As time passed he added to his landed possessions, and is today the owner of nine liundred and twenty acres of valuable land in Logan and De\\'itt coun- ties. On the old homestead, near Beason, where ^Xlrs. Keys settled, he has built a fine residence, and is now living a retired life, enjoying the fruits of former toil. 'Sir. Keys was married, February 15, 1872. to ;Miss Pamelia Johnston, who died January 29. 1893. Of the nine children born to this union, five are still living, name- ly: Andrew E., born January 6, 1876: Francis A.. December 3, 1877: Hester O.. June 9, 1882; Ethel J., April 15. 1886: Nellie L., October 14, 1888; and James A., who was born December 12, 1873, and died August 24, 1875. All the cliildren live at home. Andrew Jolniston, the father of ^Mrs. Keys, was born in Ireland. May 15, 1813, and came to the United States in 1839. Af- ter spending three years in Ohio, he re- moved to Illinois, and for the past thirty- six years has been a resident of Logan county. He has led a very active and useful life, his occupation being that of farming, but lias now laid aside all business cares, and is spending his declining years in ease and comfort witli his son-in-law, Mr. Keys of this review, at the ripe old age of eighty- eight. His father. William John.ston, died in July, 1S35. and a year later his mother came to the new world to make her home with her children in Ohio. Her death oc- curred in 1843. Mr. Kevs aufl his family are meml)ers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are quite prominent socially in the community where they reside. By his ballot he sup- ports the Republican party. He has served as school director for nine years, and in April, 1 90 1, was elected supervisor of Oran township, which office he is now most cred- itably filling. He is a man of exemplary habits, commendable purpose and unbending integrity, and in all lifes relations merits the confidence which is so freely accorded him. In business affairs he has prosi)ered and his course has ever been such as to gain for him the confidence and high regard of all with whom lie has been brought in con- tact. THOMAS L. SULLI\'AX. One of the representative and prominent farmers of Oran township is Thomas L. Sullivan, who owns and operates a fine farm of two hundred and seventy-seven and a half acres, pleasantly located three miles northwest of Beason. He was born in Lo- gan county, Ohio, August 7, 183 1, and is a son of Lewis and Lucy G. Sullivan, in whose family were twelve children, namely : Henry W".. William J., EHzalieth J., Alfred L., Thomas L., Angeline, ilargaret I., Mary. David. Lewis W'., Benjamin P. and Louisa, nf whom six are still living. His paternal grantl father. William Henry SuUi- 598 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. van, was a native of Maryland, and in early life removed to Virginia. He was one of a family of nine children, all of whoan reached man and womanhond. The father of onr subject was born in 1797, and in 1857 came to Illinois, locating in Alenard county, where he followed farming for many years, mak- ing it his life occupation. His last days, howexcr. were spent in ease and retirement from labor. He died November 14, 1889, and his wife passed away April 29, 1864. She was a native of North Carolina and n daughter of Benjamin Lane, who followed the shoemaker's trade in early life and later engaged in farming. Reared n])on a farm. Thmnas L. Sulli- van obtained his literary education in the countrv schools, and actpured a gncd prac- tical knowledge of agricultural pursuits. On starting out in life for himself, in 1856, h.e engaged in farming in ]\Ienard comity for about twO' years, anil then came to Logan county, settling on a farm within a stone's throw of his present i;lace. He has since made his home in Oran t( jwnship. and in his farming operations has met with marked success, becoming the owner of one of the best improved and most xalualile farms of its size in the locality. On February 19, 185O. ^Ir. Sullivan married Miss Ellen J. Rhoades. a daughter of Henr_\- Rhoades, of Maryland, who was a miller hy trade, but devoted the latter part (jf his life to farming. Six children blessed this union, namel}' : Lewis H.. who mar- ried Essie Seal ; David L.. who married Em- ma Milburn; Minnie A., wife of Charles Trigg; Rosetta L.. who married Joseph Montgomery, .September 2^, 1877, and died January 3, 1879; Thomas Benton, who died September 26, 1862; and Grace Hallie. who died January 8, 1869. In their religious connections this famih' are Methodist-^. The wife and mother, who was a most es- timable lady, died on the 31st of August, 1889. Politicall}- ]\Ir. Sullivan is identified with the Republican party, and socially affil- iates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is one of the leading and in- fluential citizens of liis community, and is a man who commands the respect and con- iidence of all who know him, for he is up- right and honorable in all his dealings and steadfast in his friendships. JOHN H. II.\MMERTON. John H. Hammerton is a leading repre- sentative of the business interests of Beason, where he is now engaged in general mer- chandising as the senior member of the firm of Hammerton & Parks. Of excellent busi- ness ability and broad resources, he has at- tained a ijrominent place among the sub- stantial citizens of his part of the county. He has won success by his well-directed, energetic efforts, and the prosperity that has come to him is certainly well deserved. Mr. Hammerton is a native of Illinois, b<.:rn in Pike county. .\])ril 7. 1857. His father. Elias Hammerton, was born on the 3d of May. 1826, in England, where his parents, Stephen and Fannie Hammerton, spent their entire li\-es as farming people, and where they died after their son reached manhood. Elias Hammerton was reared and educated in his native land, and was there married. May 15, 1851, to Miss Mary Cooling, the distinguished daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth ( Eithershaw) Cool- ing, who were also life-long residents of England. In 1S55 Mr. and Mrs. Hammer- ton sailed for the United States, and on THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 599- landing in Xew York prweedecl at once to Pike county, Illinois, where they spent three or four years in farming. At the end of that time they came to Logan county, where the father purchased a farm, and to its culti\ a- tiiin he devoted his energies until his death, which occurred April 2i<. 1880. He was actively identified with the interests of the county as mie of its fcircmost citizens, and serxed as school director for some time. He was also a ])rominent memher and deacou in the Cumherland Presbyterian church. ' So successful was he in business aflfairs that at his death he left to his family considerable property, and his widnw still resides mi the home farm. She was horn .March 17. 1831. Of the six children burn to them four sur- vive the father. When twelve years of age John H. Ham- merton acc died in infancy. Our subject began his business career as a carpenter in Logan county, and followed that pursuit until he attained his majority. In 1872 he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Flick, a native of Mason county, Illinois, and a daughter of John Flick, who now resides in Linculn. Six children have been b( rn to them, namely: George O., Edgar W., Katie E., Sadie C, Elmer J. and Winnie E., all at home. After his marriage Mr. Lucas removed to McLean county, Illinois, where he en- gaged in farming for thirteen years, and at the end of that time settled upon his present fine farm on section 36, Orvil township, where he owns two hundred and twenty acres of well improved land devoted to gen- eral farming and stock raising. Mr. Lucas has held several minor offices in his town- ship and is a firm advocate of the principles of the Democratic party. Both he and his wife are earnest members of the Baptist church of Lincoln, and throughout the en- tire community they are very highly respect- ed, numbering their friends by legions. URIAH HILL. Uriah Hill, formerly one of the leading merchants of Lincoln, is now living a retired life in the enjoyment of a rest which he has trulv earned and richlv deserves bv rea- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 603 st)n of his industrious efforts of former years. He was Ixirn ou the 12th of August, 1845. i" Plaintield, Xew Jersey, of which state his parents, William R. and CaroHne (Harris) Hill, were also natives, the former born Augfust 14, 18 10. the latter September 20, 1814. The father's family is of Irish descent, while the Harrises are of Scotch ex- traction. Our subject's maternal grand- father was James Harris, also a native of Xew Jersey. William R. Hill, the father of our subject, followed contracting and build- ing as a life work. In 1857 he came with his family to Illinois, and made his home in Tazewell county until 1870, when he came to Lincoln, and here spent the remainder of his life, dying April 15, 1889. His wife sun-ived him for some time and passed away January 9, 1901, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. Uriah Hill began his education in the schools of Plainfield, Xew Jersey, and after the removal of the family to this state at- tended school in Lincoln during the winter months for some years. He remained on the home farm giving his father the benefit of his labors until 1870. when he com- menced clerking for J. B. Paisley, a grocer of Lincoln. Here he embarked in the un- dertaking business on his own account in 1885. and carried it on quite successfully un- til August, 1896. when he disposed of his business in Lincoln. In the meantime he had opened a branch establishment at Green Valley, Illinois, which he still retains. In February, 1897. Mr. Hill formed a partner- ship with his nephew, F. C. Alexander, and under the firm name of Alexander & Hill engaged in the grocery business until April, 1901, when he sold out to his partner, and is now practically living a retired life. He owns a good farm of two hundred and forty acres of land in Decatur countv, Iowa, a mile and a half from Garden Grove, which he rents. He is the second largest stockholder in the Lincoln Xational Bank, of which he was one of the organizers in 1885, at that time taking forty shares at one hundred dollars each. On the _'9th of October, 1872. Mr. Hill was united in marriage with Miss Harriet McCord of Lincoln, a daughter of Israel McCord, who also came to this state from X'ew Jersey, and became one of the promin- ent citizens of Lincoln, ilrs. Hill was born, reared and educated in Jacksonville, Illi- nois. To our subject and his wife were born three children, namely : Caroline ^L. now the wife of John M. Flick; Luella M., at home: and George P., who died in in- fancy. Politically Mr. Hill is identified wiUi the Democratic party, and served as coroner of Logan county for four years. He is a Scot- tish Rite Mason, a memlier of Logan Lodge, Xo. 210, F. & A. M., Lincoln Chapter. X'o. 147, R. A. yi., Mahomet Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Peoria, and the Peoria Consistory, and he also belongs to Lincoln Lodge, Xo. 204. I. O. O. F.. in which he has passed all the cliairs and is now deputy grand master of the local district. Relig- iously both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, with which they united in 1868. and he has been a mem- ber of its board of stewards for the past twenty-five years. He has a pleasant home at the corner of Walnut and West Si.xth streets, where he is now living in ease and quiet surrounded by all the comforts of life. .\ccijmi)lishment and progress ever imply la- Ixjr. energy and diligence, and it was those qualities that enabled Mr. Hill to rise from the ranks of the many and stand among the successful few. He is one of the highly re- sijected citizens of Lincoln, and his long resi- 6o4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. dence here and the active part has lias taken in advancing its interests well entitles him to representation in its history. JACOB B. HARRISOX. Jacoh B. Harrison, one of the pr(jsper- ous farmers of Logan county, whose home is on section 8, Laenna township, where he carries on hoth general farming and stock raising, was horn in Jackson county, Ohio, jMarch 15, 1851, and is the son of Jacoh L. and Sarah (Schock) Harrison. The paternal grandparents of our subject were AVilliam and Mary (Fawcett) Harrison. Jacob L. Harrison was a native of Rocking- ham county, Virginia, and in early life was a clerk in a store in his nati\e state, where he li\-ed until middle age. The mother of our subject is still living, aged eighty-two, being born in Pike county, Ohio, Decem- ber 19, 1818. The father died when dur subject was only two years of age and the family was left in limited circumstances, and from early childhood Jacob B. was forced to work very hard so that he hail l)Ut little time to de\-ote to acquiring an education. Such (jppor- tunities as were offered him, however, he eagerly grasped, and helped his mother on the farm whenever needed, and she was thus enabled to keep the family of four children together till of age. Three are still living. When about twenty-one i\Ir, Harrison left home, and, coming to Illinois, settled in Logan county and rented land in partner- ship with a man who died a year later. After working on the uncultivated Illinois prairie for a time he returned to his Ohio home and remained there about two and one-half years. On February 20, 1877, he was married in Logan county, Illinois, to .Miss Sarah Combs, a daughter of Jonathan and Ann (^Rose) Combs, and returned with his bride to Ohio, where they resided seven }ears, he being in charge of the pumping station on the Ohio Southern Railroad at Simpson, and owning the property on which the station was located. In 1884 they came to Alt. Pulaski and engaged in farming, and in 1893 purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land in Laenna township. In addition to this he controls about twLi hundred and fnrt_\- acres more, making four hundred in all, and operates the property according to the latest im- proved methods. Mr. Harrison is one of the well-knoAvn horsemen and stock dealers of this section, keeping some fine stock on his place and also dealing extensively and successfully in both. Seven children ha\c been born to ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Harrison, namely: Katie, who stays with her grandfather Combs; Perry Homer; Anna M. ; Delia H. ; Helen M. ; Alice May; and Glenn Hobart. In politics our subject is a Democrat, but has never sought for office. Both he and his esti- mable wife are very highly respected in the community in which they make their home. yiv. Harrison come to this locality in mod- erate circumstances, and by his c>wn efforts has prospered, and deser\es a prominent place in the record of the successful men of Logan county. THOMAS N. BEAVER. Thomas N. Beaver, who is one of the progressive farmers and large landowners of Logan county. Illinois, was born here June 29, 1857, '"1'^' 's a son of James and LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS J. B. HARRISON. MRS. J HARRISON. UBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 607 Xancy ( Sliasteen ) Beaver, \\litli gohen a cliild. There he grew to manhood, following the life of a farmer. His death occurred in that state in 1865 and the mother died in 1881. During the war of 1812 he served his country faithfully, de- fending the stars and strii)es until hostili- ties ceased. 6o8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Dr. Gardner was born on the old liome- stead in Brown county, Ohio, June 22, 1818, and his boyliood days were, spent in attend- liUce at tlie comnKjn schools. When a mere lad he learned the blacksmith's trade, and Avith his meager earnings supported his mother and sister, while he devoted his leis- ure time to the study of medicine. .Vt the age of twenty he began his preparation for that profession vmder the directions of Dr. Xorris, of Cincinnati, graduating from his institution and from the Ohio Eclectic Aled- ical Institute of the same city in the year of i860. Prior to his graduation he prac- ticed for some twenty years, serving four- teeen years in the profession at Waynesville, Ohio', four years at St. Louis, Missouri, and one years at Alton, Illinois. In March, 1866, he moved to Atlanta, Logan county, where he has since practiced and is looked upon as one of the most conscientious and careful physicians in the cnunty. Immediately upon coming to this city he htted U)) a hand- some drug store with various modern ap- pointments and a full and well assorted line of drugs, and here he has since continued to do a prosperous and successful business. On the 14th of February, 1847, the Doc- t(jr was united in marriage with Mary Hauser. Eight children blesscil this happy union, of whom six are still living. Dr. Gardner has takeii an active and leading part in politics, having always been a stanch and ardent supporter of the Re- publican party. In fact, he was one of the originators of that political biuly in both De\Mtt and Logan counties. Ahhuugh al- ways a busy man, he still fcmnd time to de- vote to the interests of the pulilic and the party. He stumped both De^^'itt and Lo- gan counties during Lincoln's memorable campaign and his advice has often and suc- cessfully been sought, not only Ii)- those in public life, but by a large number of friends. While, as has been said, he has always ta- ken a dee]) interest in the welfare of his party, he has always declined to become a candidate for office. At the present time he holds the position of \'ice-i)resident of the Atlanta National Bank. The Doctor, although in his eighty-third year, is active and energetic and still follows closely the currents events of the day and keeps himself well informed on matters per- taining to his professi(jn and still attends and prescribes fi.r many of his patient'^ whom he has attended fi;r so many year>. His store still presents the attractive ap- pearance that it did in his more active life, it l>eing stocked at present with drugs and druggist sundries valued at nver thirty-five hundred dollars. In his lung prufessional career he has much to be ])roud of. He has been emi- nently successful in the practice of his chosen profession. His strength has been in a good education, a sound knowledge of medicine, and a careful study of the pa- tients under bis care; His private life has lieen as ]3ure as his professional life and he lias e\-er held the highest esteem and con- fidence of the community in which he has so long dwelt. CHARLES P. BRIDGE. One of the most enterprising and suc- cessful men in Elkhart is Charles P. Bridge, whose tenacit\- and business capacity is best illustrated 1)_\- the fact that for twenty years he has missed but one pay-day as telegraph operator and station agent for the Chicago (S: Alton Railroad Company. He came to Elkhart in 1881, and has since made his in- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 609 fluence felt in the business and social life of the town, and is foremost in promoting the best interests thereof. The industr}- and thrift which have characterized his career are noticeable in many ways, and are indi- cated by his delightful home and tine resi- dence, besides personal property in Elm- wo(xl and Giicago. Politically a Republi- can, he has held many local offices, and is at present city treasurer and a member of the \illage board. Fraternall\- he is associated with the Elkhart Lodge, Xo. 307, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and with the Modern Woodmen of America. Him- self and wife are members of the Court of Honor, and are members, workers and con- tributors to the Methodist Episcopal church. ..f which Mr. Bridge has Ijeen Sunday-school superintendent for twelve years. I'ntil his twelfth year Mr. Bridge lived in New York, where he was born January 2-j. 1847. ^ son of Israel and Mary Ann ( Henderson ) Bridge, natives, respectively, of \'ermont and Xew York. The parents were married in Xew York and emigrated to Illinois in 1857, locating near Joliet. where the father engaged in fanning, and where he lived until his death, in 1894. his wife having pre-deceased him in 1888. He was a Republican in national politics, and was a member of the MetlKxlist Episcopal church. To Mr. and Mrs. Israel Bridge were bcrn seven children, namel\- : James H. married Harriet Rout, of Xew York, and died in Joliet. Illinois. September 22. 1901 : Henry, who lives near Elwood. served dur- ing the entire Civil war in the One Hun- dredth Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, and was wounded in the hand at the battle of Chick- amauga: Jane, who became the wife of J. Russel. resided near Elwood on a farm, and died about 1881 : Rhoda is the wife of ^^■. S. Grant, who is engaged in the general merchandise and agricultural business at El- wood; Fannie is the wife of F". A. ThomiJ- son, a carpenter and contractor at Elwood; Charles P. is the next of the family; and John H., who married Sarah Shaffer, is the station agent for the Chicago & Alton Rail- road Company at Wenona, Illinois. The education of Charles P. Bridge was acquired in the public schools of Xew York and Joliet, Illinois, and at the age of eight- een he commenced fanning, which occupa- tion he followed for two years, after which he engaged in clerking in a mercantile estab- lishment for six years. On the 20th of Sep- tember, 1868, at Elwood, Illinois, he mar- ried Miss Enmia Spaftord, who was born at that place, September 20, 1851, a daughter of Miles and ilary (Shoemaker) Spafford, natives of Canada and Illinois, respectively. Her parents were also married in Elwood, and had six children, namely : Emma, wife of our subject; Elizabeth, wife of Robert Thornburgh, a farmer; Rebecca, wife of J. A. Grant, also a farmer; Elias, who is now engaged in literary work, and, with his two eldest sons, Wallace and Miles, served in the Spanish-.\merican war as a member (U' the Third Illinois \'olunteer Infantry; Charles, a railroad conductor, living in Clin- ton. Iowa: and \\"allace B., a dentist of Chi- cago. The father of these children, who was a merchant of Elwood. enlisted during the Civil war in the One Hundredth Illinois \olunteer Infantry, and was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. His widow subse- quently married John Russell, a native of Illinois, who had been a comrade at anns in the regiment with Mr. Spafford. After farming for some years Mr. and Mrs. Rus- sell are now living in retirement in Elwood. To Mr. and Mrs. Bridge have Ijeen born hve children, namely : Myrtle, born at El- wcNxl. June 16, 1872, married G. H. Brady. 6io THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. on fiu'iiiin.i; aiul stoc k-raising-. His widow Mir\i\-Lil liini until 1S94. when she, too. passed awa) . Our sulijt'ct was next to the xoinigest in order of l>irlli iu a family of ten children. (-f wlioui seven are still living. Like the majority of farmer ho^■s. Air. (iasaway learned to work u])oi 1 his father's farm, and attended the distr iet school until he was sixteen, when he entered the Lin- general train dispatcher for the Illinois Ter- and were descendants' of the Gasaways of minal Road at Alton, and has one so'n,_Har- the Shenandoah -Valley, Virginia. They re- old. Mrs. Brady was formerly a telegraph mo\-ed to Springfield, Illinois, in 1851, and operator, and assisted her father in his w. irk. from there came to Logan county, where Charles M. Bridge, horn at l-:iwood, Xo- the father entered land the lollowing year, vemher 4, iS;'., married I'.ertha Drake, of ami at the time of his death, which occurred Elkhart, lllin(.is, and is chief clerk of the m 1893, when he was about sixty-nine years Chicago & Alton freight department at JiL of age, he owned ahout seven hundred acres iet, and a member of the Knights of I'ythias of land on which he had extensively carriern in Lake l^irk township, Logan county, nesses themselves. The true lawyer is born, .\uoust J9. i8()T. and is a son of James not made. The natural and irresistable bent and Martha ( Colwell) Gasaway. His par-- of his mmd was in the direction of the legal cuts were bo'Ji natives of Ross county, Ohio, pn fessii n, but be readily accepted close ap- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 6ii plication and constant study, as well as hard work as but a natural part oi the prep- aration to aid him onward and upward. On December 28. 1886. Mr. Gasaway was married to Miss Mary E. Bentley. of Logan county, a daughter of George R. ami Sarah J. ( Kretzinger ) Bentley. Of the family born to this union five are still liv- ing, naniely : Edwin Lee. born in Latham : Walter Dean : Paul Revere ; Ansta Jean- nette: and Mary E. From boyhood Mr. (lasaway has been an ardent advocate of the ])rinciples of De- UKxracy. and while not on office-seeker, he has Ijeen called upon to respond to the de- mands of his party upon his time and abil- ity. His political honors have been many and to the gift of each he has added the lustre of his learning, the value of his in- vincible integrity, sound wisdom and inde- fatigable devotion to duty. In addition to holding all of the minor offices of the city, lie is now ser\ing as mayor of Latham, and under his wise, judicial administration the city has developed in a remarkable degree and the tax payers have been given a clean government free from i>art}- corruption. They have the satisfaction of knowing that the office of the chief executive of their city is filled by a man whose entire record is without a blemish and whose abilities are such as to enable him to discharge the oner- ous duties pertaining to such a pijsition. Socially Mr. Gasaway is a charter mem- ber of Latham Lodge. Xo. 853. A. F. & A. M.. in which order he now ht)lds the po- sition of Senior Warden, and he is also a member cif Mount Pulaski Chapter, Xo. 121. R. A. M., Mount Pulaski Command- ery, Xo. 39, K. T. In addition Mr. Gas- away is a meml)er of the Knights of Pyth- ias, he having been connected with this or- der since he was twenty-one. antl has passe-d all the chairs and represented the lodge in the Grand Lodge. He is also a member of the Motlern Woodmen of America. Mr. Gasaway and his family reside in a beau- tiful home, which he has erected, and are surrcundetl by all the comforts of life. The success which has attended his efforts illu- strates what can be accomplished by stead- fast efforts and untiring industry, ci>ml)ined with great natural ability. P. I. TELFER. Among the worthy and prominent citi- zens of Logan county is P. J. Telfer, who resides on the farm on which he was born in Elkhart township. Xovemljer 21, 1856. He was a son of John and Emeransa ( Pot- ter) Telfer. the former of whom was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, and the latter in Cortland county, Xew York, their meeting and marriage take place in Elkhart town- ship, Logan county, Illinois, in 1855. John Telfer, the father of our subject, entered one hundred and si.xty acres of gov- ernment land and bought an addditional one hundred and sixty acres, adding still more land as time went on until he posessed four hundred and sixty acres in this township and three hundred and sixty acres in Will- iamsville township, Sangamon county. Mr. Telfer was a life-long Democrat and held the greater number of the local offices, serv- ing his township with exceeding good judg- ment and unflinching integrity. His death, which occurred March 8. 1889, left a va- cant place in the Presbyterian church as well as in his home. He was buried in the old Williamsville cemetery. The mother of our subject still survives, and makes her home with a^ daughter in Williamsville township, Sangamon county. 6l2 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. P. J. Teller was the eldest in the family of se\en children, the others being as fol- lows : I\Iary, who married George A. Hob- kirk and resides in ^Villiamsville township, Sangamon connty; Altheda, who died at the age of three years ; Jessie, who was the wife of William Thompson, a resident ct Sangamcn county, and died in 1886: Bram- ble, who died at the age nf two years; Em- ma, who died at the age of two years; and Thomas A., who married Masey Cooper and resides in Seward connty, Nebraska. Onr subject obtained his education mi the ."^mith school-house, now known as the Prairie Seminary, in Williamsville town- ship. Sangamon county, where he continued his studies until the age of eighteen, remain- ing at home until the time of his marriage, which took place October 11, 1883, in Elk- hart township, Logan county. His bride was Miss Lillie J. Hobkirk. who was born at Mt. Pulaski. Illinois, December'27, 1864. and is a daughter of ^^■illiam Hobkirk. a native of Pebbleshire. Scctland. where li; was born June 9. 1824. The mother of Mrs. Telfer was Ann ( Rae ) Hobkirk. who was born March 10. 1830. in Dumfries. Scotland. The parents came to America while young and were married in Xew York city June 12. 1836. Tlie following year they removed to Illinois, the father being engaged as o\-erseer of the 3ilt. Pulaski nur- sery. In 1870 Mr. Hobkirk removed to Elkhart township and settled on a farm, where he remained until the death of his be- loved wife. August 28, 1891. broke up his home, and he then came to live with our subject and wife, d}-ing here _\ugust 16. 1899. Both parents are Imried in the ]\It. Pulaski cemetery. In his political sympathy he was a stanch Repul^lican, and a Presbv- terian in religious belief. Mrs. Telfer was one of a familv of se\en children, as follows : George, Avho married Mary Telfer, the sister of our sub- ject, and resides in Sangamon county; Em- ma, who married John Dolvin and resided in Spencer. Iowa, until her death. December 15. 1883; Lillie J., who is the wife of our subject; and four who died in infancy. The children born to ^Ir. and Mrs. Tel- fer were: One born Decenber 28. 1886, died in infancy; William J., born September 24, 1888, and Emma R., born March 4, 1891. are both in school, and are most prom- ising students. After his marriage ]Mr. Telfer came tO' the farm he now occuiiies and formed a partnership with his father, which continued until the time of the latter's death. He is a large land owner, jiossessing three hun- dred and twenty acres of land on sections 6 and 7, Elkhart township, and here he has been li:ng engaged in raising high-grade cattle for market purposes. He is well pre- pared for his extensive farming and stock operations. ha\-ing commodious barns and sheds, granaries and improved stables ar- ranged in such a way as to be healthy and sanitary, and he has sold thousands of dol- lars wurth of cattle. ]\[r. Telfar also owns one hundred and sixty acres of land in Kearne_\- county. Nebraska, but takes the most interest in the breeding of horses, cat- tle and hogs, believing that the best is none too- good. He breeds Percheron horses, the rioted "Bagarette" being at the head of his stud. His cattle are of the Holstein breed and his hogs are Poland Chinas. At one time Mr. Telfer owned the greatest milch LOW in the world; by test she gave eleven and one-half gallc ns of milk a day for one month, and one day .she gave twelve gallons. Mr. Telfer feeds .all of his grain to his stock anil buvs from his neighbors. Aside from his business Mr. Telfer is a THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 613 progressive and liljcral-minded citizen, wlio enjoys tlie esteem and respect of all. So- cially he is connected with the Court of Honor order and the Mndcrn W(M.dnien. He votes the Democrat ticket, and lor many rears he has heen an elder in the Preshy- terian church. JOIIX HARRIS. John Harris needs no special introduc- tion to the readers of this volume, but the work would be incomplete without the rec- ord of his life. He is a worthy representa- tive of the pioneer families of Logan county, whose identification with its history dates hack nearly half a century. He is one of a familv of eight chiUlren born to John and Katherine (Bowlin) Harris, both being na- tives of Pennsylvania. In his younger days John Harris. Sr.. emigrated to Ohio. where he learned the trade of a weaver, which he followed for a livelihood, but in later rears became an extensive farmer. which occupation claimed his attention until his death, which . ccuned May 11. 1843, in Fayette county, elhi( 1. when he was seventy • one years of age. The mother died in 1839. Our subject's birth occurred .\pril 7, 1810, in Perry county, Ohio, and in the common schools of the neighborhood he ac- quired a good practical education, which has litted him for the responsible duties of life. He continued to assist his father in the cul- tivation and improvement of the farm until 1849, when he b.-cated in McLean county. Illinois. In 1854 he moved to Lig.an coun- ty and purchased a quarter section of land, which he has put under a high state of culti- ration, and has also ac(piired ninety-hve acres more. He was alwa\s an acti\e farm- er, and has one of the most highly improved places in the locality. In M.arch. 1S44. w;is celelirated the mar- riage .if .Mr. Harris and .Miss Mary Stoth- anl. b'onr children were born of their union, but all are now deceased. Mrs. Har- ris departed this life June 18, 1848, and in I S3 J a second ceremony was performed which united Mr. Harris in marriage with Mrs. Mary Ann Johnson. To them were b(,rn loiir children, as foll.,ws: Milton. wh(! died. ;iged twenly-two years: .\nna ; Hell: and l-rank. Mrs. Harris was the adopted daughter of .Mrs. Washburn. anpy faculty of making friends readilx- and strengthening the ties of all friendshii)s as time adx'ances. RIA'. JAMES TUOHV. Rt\-. James Tuohy. wlm was for many years the h.ima-ed recl.ir i:f St. Patrick's Catholic church in Lincoln, Illinois, was born June 11, 183*). in County Clare, Ire- land, and when quite young attended the Killalse Classical .\cademy, which was con- ducted bv his father. In the fall of 1S34 he 6i4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RFX'ORD. left his native land with the intentinn of studying for the priesthiiod in the seminary of St. Snlpice. Baltimore, ^Maryland. After completing his philosophical and theological studies Father Tuoliy was or- dained a priest, Decemher 12, 1858, in St. Joseph's Cathedral at Buffalo. Xew York, by the Right Rev. John Timon. D. D., who was at that time bishop of Buffalo. After spending several years in missionar_\- work- in western Xew York. Father Tuohy came to Illinois in 1875. and took charge of the Catholic church at ^vlacomb. McDonough countv. where he remained until transferred to Lincoln in 1878. He continued his pas- toral work here until his - sion the Doctor has various membership re- lations. Ijelonging the Central Illinois Med- ical Society ; the International Railway Sur- geons Association: the .American ]\Iedical Association: the Misis.ssippi Valley Medi- cal Society: and the State Medical Society, of which he was for one years first vice- president, a . fact xvhich indicates his high standing in the profession. Close applica- tion, thorough study and a deep interest in his calling from the humanitarian stand- piiint — these are the salient features in his enviable success. H.XRRV SCHCVLER OVLKR. M. D. Dr. Harry Schuyler Ovler. wh.. has recentlv become a member of the medical fratenntv of Logan couiUy xvas born in THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Indianapolis, Indiana. Decenber 26, 1870. and is a son of Dr. Phillip H. and Sarah J. (Y\'estover) Oyler. a sketch of whom will lie found elsewhere in this volume. Our subject came with his parents to :Mount Pu- laski. Illinois, in 1878, and received his early education in the public and high schools of that place, graduating frcun the latter in 1891. In the fall of the sa.ne year he en- tered the Uni\-ersity of Illinois at Cham- paign, where he spent four years, taking a special chemical course, and was then ap- pointed as assistant to the chair of chemis- try in the :Marion-Sims College of Medicine. St. Louis. Missouri, whicii jiosition is usually only given to a graduate physician and which he acceptably tilled for four years, in the meantime taking the regular medical course. He was graduated ivith honors in the class of 1901, and is now thoroughly equipped for his life work. Socially he is a memlier nf Mount Pulaski Lndge. A. F. & A. M. The Doctor was married September 12. 1899. to Miss Emeline Duff, of Lincoln, a daughter of William D. and Emeline H. (Larison) Duff. She was hc-n October 22. 1870. and was educated at the Lincoln high school. She is a member of the \\'oman's Club of Lincoln, Illinois, and charter member of ^ilount Pulaski Chapter. Order of the Eastern Star. ADOLPH O. VOXDERLEITH. Few men are more prominent or more widelv known in the enterprising town of :\Iount Pulaski than Adolph O. \'onder- leith. He has been an important factor in business circles for a number (^f years and his popularity is well deserved, as in him are embraced the characteristics of an un- bending integrity, unabating energy and in- dustry that never flags. He is public-spir- ited and thoroughly interested in whatever tends to promote the advancement and pro- gress of the town and therefore well de- serves representation in this volume. A native of Logan county, Mr. Vonder- leith was born in Mount Pulaski township, Xoxeniber 2. 1856, and is a son of Henry and Catherine ( W'eckel) Vonderleith, both of whom were natives of Germany, the fa- ther born in Hanover, the mother in Wur- temberg. In early life they came to the United States and were married in Logan countv, Illinois. It was in the year 1838 that the father crossed the Atlantic and af- ter establishing his home in this locality he worked at his trade of brick-laying. Later he owned and operated a small farm ad- joining the village of Mount Pulaski. His death occurrred in 1886 at the age of sixty- nine, and his \\ife passed away in 1878, when si.xty-five years of age. They were the parents of six children who reached \ears of maturity, and Peter and John died in childhood. The other members of the familv were: Elizabeth, who became the wife of G. L. Schafer, a blacksmith; Anna, wife of C. F. Schafer, a hardware merchant of Mount I'ulaski: John M.. who died in 1885; Catherine, the widow of Henry Meis- ter ; Adolph. of this review : and George \\'., who died in 1901. To the village schoools Adolph \'onder- leith is indebted for the educational priv- ileges which he received. He pursued his studies in the old courthouse, which had been built bv his father and which was used for school purposes after the removal of the countv seat to Lincoln. His father also erected the first brick residence in ^Mount Pulaski. After completing his education.- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 619 the son learned the blacksmith's trade un- der the direction of G. L. Schafer and fol- lowed that pursuit f<^r fifteen years, thus gaining a start in life and securing thereby the capital to embark in oilier fields of activ- itv. On abandoning his trade he l)ccame the general suijerintendent nf the L'ninn Coal Company at Mount Pulaski, a position which he held for seven years. While still working at the blacksmith's trade he estab- lished a brickyard in iHj/ at the edge of the city, and successfully carried it < n while with the coal company, continuing its op- eration until 1893. and giving enijjloyment to fifteen or sixteen men. In i8()8 he be- came a partner of R. D. Clark in the real estate . insurance and loan Imsiness un- der the firm name of Vonderleith & Clark. They handle considerable valuable property and have conducted some important real- estate transfers. They write fire insurance and make loans on city and farm propert}' and in all the ilepartments of their business they are meeting \\ith creditable success, having now a large clientage. On September 7, 1879. Mv. \onder- leith was united in marriage to Miss Eliza- beth Lipp, of Lincon. Illinois, a daughter of John X. and Catherine Lipp. who were early settlers of the county. Their children were Henry L. and \\'alter .\.. bi>th grad- uates of the high school of Mount Pulaski. and Lena, who died at the age of live. The wife and mother died August 14, 1887. and 'Slv. Vonderleith was married October 8, 1889, to Anna Lipp, a sister of his former wife. To this union has been born one son. Julius Edward, who is now in the ]\Iount Pulaski school. Upon its organization in 1884. Mr. \'on- derleith became a director of the People's Savings & Loan Association of Monnt Pu- laski and ha-^ since held the position and is also at present filling the office of secretary. In his business affairs he has prospered and his success is the legitimate outcome of his own well directed labors. Energetic and determined at the outset of his career he has advanced steadily as the years have gone bv and his earnest purpose has seen fulfill- ment in his present prosjierity. He has been active and influential in the affairs of the town and has served as a member and president of the village board. Mr. Von- derleith was one of the charter members of the Knights of Pythias lodge and was its hrst chancelli r. He is also a charter mi'm- lier of the Mt;dern Woodmen of America. He belongs to the Second Lutheran church and withholds his cooperation from no movement or measure which tends to ad- vance the material, intellectual or moral progress of the community. His entire life has been passed here and those who have known him from boyhood are numbered auK ng his stanchest friends — a fact which indicates that his has been a useful and up- right career. WILLI. \M SII.\W. William Shaw, o.ne of the honored vet- eran.-- of the Civil war, whose home is on section 15, East Lincoln township, has been a resident of this county since 1855, and has been actively identified with its agricultural interests. He was born in Liverpool, Eng- land, July 21, 1838, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth ( Gritfin ) Shaw. The father was born in luigland. August 14. i8ib. and the mother in the same country, of Welsh an- cestry, Xivember 30, 181 7. They were self-educated and people of the highest re- S];ectal)ilitv. In 1S48 the family emigrated THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. to America and settled in Ohio, and in 1855 took up their residence in Logan county, llHnois. In his native land the father fol- lowed the blacksmith's trade. l)ut here he engaged in farming until his renmval ti> Lin- coln, where he spent the last hve years of his life in retirement from active labor. He died February y. 1901, and his wife passed away April 5, 1899. They were the par- ents of six children, of whom two were born in England and one died in that country. The three now living are William, our sub- ject; Rachel, wife of William Musick, of Douglas county. Kansas; and Leah, wife of Andrew Pinner, of York count}-, Ne- braska. William Shaw received but a linutcd ed- ucation in the common schools of this coun- t\-. Being the oldest sou, he had to assist in the work of the farm during his lioyhood and \outh. On the inauguration of the Civil war he responded to the President's first call for volunteers by enlisting as a pri- vate in the Seventh Illinois Infantry, but was afterward promoted to corporal of ■Company H, and still later to sergeant. He participated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson. Shiloh, Corinth, Swallow Bluff. Florence, Alabama, and Allatoona Pass. After the last named engagement there was but one commissioned officer in the regiment able to assume charge. Mr. Shaw followed Sherman on his celebrated march to the sea. and took jjart in the cap- ture of Savannah, Georgia, and Columbia, South Carolina, and the battle of Benton- \-ille. North Carolina, besides several minor engagements. After serving three years the regiment veteranized, and he remained at the front until hostilities ceased, being honorably discharged at Springfield, Illinois, Tulv TJ. 1865. He was slightly injured several times but never seriously \\-ounded. On his return to Logan county Mr. Shaw commenced farming on his own ac- count, and soon purchased eighty acres of land on section 15, East Lincoln township, where he still resides. He has since success- fully engaged in general farming. At the time of purchase the land was swamjiy. but he has tiled and drained the place and con- \erted it into a well-improved and highly producti\e farm. ;\ir. Shaw \\as married, .\])ril 27, 1871, to ]^liss Hannah Cullip, who was born in Pike county. Ohio, in 1848, but was living in Logan county. Illinois, at the time of their marriage. Eight children blessed this luiion, namely : Elizabeth, Martha, Wary, Minnie. Ethel, and Edith and Edie, twins; and William Tecumseh. who died in in- fancv. They are being educated in the common schools. Mr. Shaw gives his support to all church and charitalile work, and is an honored member of Leo W. flyers Post, No. 285, (i. A. R.. and the Union Veteran Union of Lincoln. Politically he is a Republican, but in local .affairs supports the men best qualified to fill the offices, regardless of party lines. He has never sought political preferment, though he held the office of school director man)- )-ears. and has always taken a commendable interest in public affairs. In vears of peace, no less than in those of war, he has bravely performed his duty. ansition to one of affluence. Brooking no obstacles that could lie overcome through determined and earn- est effort, he has steadily advanced toward the goal of prosi)erity. and his fine famis are now the visible evidence of his active and useful career. Mr. Harms is a native of Germany, born April 14. 1844, and one of the five children of Harm and Tina (Rademaker) Harms, who were also natives of the same country, whence they came to America about 187 J. settling in Orvil township, Logan county. Illinois, where the father spent his remain- ing days in honorable retirement from la- bor. He died in Emden in 1884. and his widow is still living in that town, at the ripe old age of eighty-five years. Their children were Xanke: Ella, who is the wid- ow of D. Erns, and resides in Iowa: Fiaka. wife of H. Klokkenga; ]\lattie. wife of (ieorge Klokkenga, of Eminence township; and Katie, wife of John Conrade, of Mis- souri. Like the other children of the family, Xanke Harms pursued his education in ac- cordance with the laws of the fatherland, and for a year and a half he served as a sol- dier in the (ieripan army, jjarticipating in a battle on the 27th of June. 1866. In early life he learned the carpenter's trade, and fol- lowed that pursuit in (iermany until 1866, when, at the age of twenty-two. he crossed the briny deep to the new world and came at once to Logan county. Renting a room in a farm house in Prairie Creek township, he then worked at the carpenter's trade for a year, and all of the first bouses upon the Scully land were built by him. Settling on a farm north of Emden, he broke the Scully land and there remained for ten vears, after which he purchased a farm in the southern part of the township, on sections 13, 14, 23 and 24. There he was successfully engaged in farming for eighteen years, and on the expiration of that period removed to his present farm in 1895. Here on section 2, Prairie Creek township, he owns one hun- dred and si.xty acres of richly devclojied lanil, and has three hundred and twenty acres in other farms and a quarter of sec- tion of land in Tazewell county. He car- ries on general farming and stock raising, and to some extent he has worked at the carpenter's trade, a number of buildings in the county standing as monuments to his skill and handiwork in that direction. As a farmer he has met with splendid success, following the most approved methods of agriculture. s( > that his fields have been very pnxluctive, while his stock have been an ef|ually profitable source of income, .\lto- gether he owns si.x hundred and forty acres of fine land. Ere leaving the fatherland Mr. Harms was united in marriage to ^Nliss Ella Albers, a native of Germany, and unto them were born six children : Harm, who married Annie Dierks and is living uixjn a part of his father's old farm in Prairie Creek town- ship: Giek, who wedded Mary Rademaker and is living in Tazewell county : Klaas, at home : Tina, a resident of Delavan : Katie, who is also living in Delavan: and Ehme. at home. The mother died in March. 1885. and for his second wife Mr. Harms chose Miss Hannah Mattheessen. of Germany, a daughter of William Mattheessen. who died in Germany. Two children have been born of the second marriage: Chri.stina and Willie. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harms atv consist- ent members of the German Lutheran church nf l-jnden. and in politics he has been -62 2 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a stalwart Democrat since becoming a nat- uralized citizen. For several years he has served as school director, was connty com- missioner for three years, and for ten years has ser\ed as township assessor, being the incumbent of the office at the present time. When he arri\'ed in Logan county he h;ul only ten dollars in his pocket. He pos- sessed, howe\'er. a resolute spirit, strong de- termination and a willingness tO' work, and such qualities are the foundation of success. As the years have rolled by he has contin- ually added to his possessions until he is now numbered among the more substantial agriculturists of the community. JA^IES BEAVER. Among the pioneer settlers and leading citizens of this county no one was mure thoroughly identifietl with its agricultural interests than was James B°aver, who de- parted this life November lo. 189!). A man of sterling integrity, of public spirit and pri;- nounced activity, Logan cnunty lust in hir.i one of her best citizens. ]Mr. Beaver was born in Ohio, January 9, 1820, and he was a son of Michael anrn in Massachusetts in 1809. and for some years was captain in the mer- chant marine and also of a whaling vessel out of Xew Bedford, but he at length aban- doned a sea-faring life and turned his at- tention to merchandising in Xew Bedford. Zeno K. Wix)d, whose name introduces this review, spent his boyhood days in South Yarmouth, and there he began his educa- tion, which was continued at Xew Bedford and completed by graduation at the Xew Bedford high school. He had not yet at- tained his majority when the country be- came engaged in civil war, but with patri- otic spirit aroused by the attempt of the south af secession, he offered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Julv. 1862, as a member oi Coinpany A, Forty-first Massachusetts \'olunteer Infantrv. which was afterward changed to the Third Massa- chusetts Cavalry. He was mustered out in June, 1864. to accept a second lieutenancy in the First Xew Orleans Volunteer In- fantry, which he assisted in raising, and was later promoted to first lieutenant and ad- jutant of the regiment. During one year of his service he was on the staflf of Major Gen- eral T. W. Sherman, as acting assistant ad- jutant general and aide-de-camp. He was honorably discharged from the United States service at Xew Orleans, June i. 1886, his services being no longer required. 624 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Soon afterward ]NTr. AA'nod went to New York city and from there tc Chicago. Illi- nois, where he entered the service of the Chicago, Burlington & Ouincy Railroad Company, remaining in the freight audi- tor's office for abiiut twehx- mnnths. On the expiration of that time he changed the field of his labors, becoming connected with a cattle ranch in Kansas. The year 1875 witnessed his arrival in Logan county, where he has since made his home. Lo- cating in Latham, he engaged in the grain business, personal]}- superintending his in- terests there until iS(Si. when he came to Alt. Pulaski. Here he established himself in the same line, also continuing his grain lousiness in Latham, where he is associated with Peter Maus, a resident of that place. Mr. Wood erected a good ele\-ator at JMt. Pulaski, where his office is also located and where he spends most of his time. He is one of the oldest grain dealers of the count)- in vears of continuous connection with the trade here, and his business has increased ti> large proportions, his annual shipn-ients being very extensive. Mr. Wood married ]\liss Sarah J. Chase, a daughter of Harvey and Sarah J. ( Wood- bury) Chase, and a nati\-e of Illinois, born at Macomb. They have two children, a son and daughter. Harxe}- C. a graduate of the Alt. Pulaski high school, and Alargaret Crowell, who is now a student in that school. For several years Mr. Wood was a member of the school board and did effective service in the interest of education here, believing in maintaining a high standard in the in- stitutions of learning in the city. He has also been a meniber of the city council, and for three years was one of the trustees of the Illinois State Asylum for I-"eeble Alinded Children at Lincoln. He is a prominent member of Alt. Pulaski Lodge, Xo. 87, A. F. & \. M., of which he has served as mas- ter : Alt. Pulaski Chapter, No. 121, R. A. Al.: and Alt. Pulaski Commandery. Xo. 29, K. T. : and in his life he exemi)lifies the spirit of beniHcence and brotherly kindness which forms the basis of the fraternity. In poli- tics he is a stalwart Republican. Imt has never been an aspirant for office. He has a fine home here and is recognized as one of the progressive citi;^ens of Alt. Pulaski, where he has now resided foi" twentv \-ears. JOHN AI. TOAILIXSOX. John AI. Tomlinson, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser residing in Alount Pulaski township, is a native of Indiana, having been born in Jolmson county, that state, Alarch 13, 1838. His jiarents, Isaac and .\nninta ( l):.wson ) Tomlinson, were both natives of Kentucky. In 1841 they came to Illinois, settling in the immediate neighborhood of Alount Pulaski, where the father began fanning and continued to follow that occu- ]iation until bis retirement from active labor in 1880, at which time he removed to the city of Alount Pulaski, where he died February to, i8()J. His wife ])assed away in Alay, i88<). In addition to his farm work Isaac Tomlinson engaged in teannng for many years, hauling the merchandise required by the business men of Alount Pulaski, which was obtained at Pekin, Ouincy, St. Louis and e\en Chicago. .\t an early age John AI. Tomlinson was re(|uired to assist in the work of the farm and teannng. and liad liut little 1 ip])ortunity to avail himself of the educational advant- ages afforded b_\- the \n\h\k schools of that day. His youth and early manhood were passed in the school of rough experience JOHN M. TOMLINSON. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 627 which has turned out so many characters of sterhng wortli whose influence lias clone so much toward bringing about tiiat trans- formation that has taken place in later years. On the 5th of May. 1859. Mr. Tomlin- son married iMiss Mary E. Riddle, who was lx)rn in Sangamon county, lllim^s, Decem- ber 9. 1838, and is a daughter of John Riil- dle. of that county. To this union five chil- dren were ]>>rn. of whom three survive: Frank L.. Elmer S. and Clarence A. ;Mr. Tomlinson began farming upon what is now a portion of the home farm sit- uated two miles east of [Mount Pulaski. Since reaching manhood he has been active- ly engaged in agricultural pursuits, sjiecial attention being given to stock-raising, the care and management of which has been to him a constant pleasure, and his success in these lines has justly given him cause for satisfaction and pride. In politics Mr. Tomlinson has been a stanch Republican since the organization of the party. While a man of strong con- victions he is not intemperate in die expres- sion of his own opinions nor intolerant of the opinion of others. A man of integrity and honorable in his conduct, he has and de- serves the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens. FRANK L. TOMLIXSOX. Tliis well-known and ])rominent attor- ney of Mount Pulaski, is a native of Logan county, his birth having occurred in Mount Pulaski township. February 28. i860, his parents being J(ihn M. and Mary E. Tom- linson. He obtained his early education in the public schools of Mount Pulaski, and later was for three years a student at Illinois College at Jacksonville, leaving that insti- tution in 1884. He read law with A. G. Jones, formerly of Moiuit Pulaski, now de- ceased, and also with Beach & Hodnett. of Lincoln, Illinois, and after being e.xamined before the supreme court at Mount Vernon, Illinois, he was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1887. He soon afterward opened an office in Mount Pulaski, and has since suc- cessfully engaged in the practice of his pro- fession at that place. He is thoroughly \ersed in the law, is a man of deep research and careful investigation, and his skill and ability are attested by the liberal patronage he enjoys. Prominence at the bar comes through merit alone, and the high position he has attained attests his superiority. In October, 1892, Mr. Tomlinson was united in marriage with Miss Leona L. String, of Springfield, Illinois, a daughter of Simon and Elizabeth A. (Beam) String, of that city. Politically he is identified with the Republican party. He is a mem- ber of Mount Pulaski Lodge, No. 87, A. F. & A. M.. of which he is past master; also of Mount Pulaski Chapter, R. A. M. ; and ]\[ount Pulaski Commandery, K. T.. of which he is past eminent commander. OLIVER T. CAPPS. Xo state in the Union can 1x>ast of a. more heroic band of pioneers than Illinois, for to this rich portion of the Mississippi valley came strong men and courageous women, who braved the hardships and trials of frontier life in order to make homes for themselves and aid in founding what has become one of the foremost commonwealths in all the Union. Among the early resi- dents of Logan coimty were the members of the Capps family. Our subject was only THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a few months old when brought b\- his par- ents to tlie present site of 'Sit. Pulaski, and the town stands as a monument to his fa- ther. Jabez Capps. The latter was born in London, England, in 1796, and when twenty years of age he crossed the Atlantic to the new world, landing at Boston, ^klassachu- setts. He made his way thence to Phila- delphia and on across the Allegheny moun- tains to Pittsburg, where he took a skiff and floated down the Ohio river to Cairo, Illi- nois. From that ix>int he made his way to St. Louis, ^Missouri, and thence he remo\ed to Springfield, Illinois, in 1818. There he engaged in merchandising until 1836, and in the meantime he had married Prudy Ann Stafford, who was born on the bank of Lake Champlain. in Vermont, a daughter of Jo- seph Stafford, a Revolutionary soldier, who fought for seven long years for the liberty of the colonies. After residing in Springfield for eight- een years Jabez Capps brought his family to Logan county, purchased a tract of land and thereon laid out the town of Mt. Pulaski. He started the first general mer- cantile store in the place and was the first postmaster there, continuing in that position through dift"erent administrations for twenty years. He was also recorder of deeds of Logan county for a number of years. He built and operated the first woolen mill in the place, also the first carding machine, the latter being run by a tread-wheel. He was. indeed, the prime mover in every enterprise calculated to upbuild the community, and the town stands still as a monument to his untiring labor and public spirit. .Ml this time he continued merchandising until his business grew to be the largest in this por- tion of Illinois, his sales amounting to eighty thousand dollars annually. He bought his goods of eastern parties on credit, being allowed a year's time to make pay- ment. He sold his goods on credit, but the latter plan ultimately proved his ruin. Kind hearted to a fault, he did not make collections, and finally lost heavily in this wa\-. At one time he was a \er_\- large land holder, owning thou- sands of acres of the choicest land in Logan county, including three thousand acres in one body, one tract adjoining Mt. Pulaski containing fourteen hundred acres, while in adjoining counties his landed pos- sessions were also very extensive. He had recei\ed only a common school education in England, but he possessed rare business ability and sound judgment, and thus he acquired a handsome fortune. He died in Mt. Pulaski in 1896. lacking only three months of being one hundred years old. Politically he was an old-line \Miig in the early days and a stanch opponent of slavery, antl when the Republican party was formed to prexent the further extension of slavery he joined its ranks and continued one of its loyal defenders until his death. Mr. Capps was twice married. He first wedded Prudy A. Stafford, in 1827, and they became the parents of four children : Charles S.. who was an extensive nursery- man here for many years, and Thomas, Ixith deceased: Ebenezer. of Wichita, Kan- sas: and Oliver, of this review. In 1836 Mr. Capps was again married, his second union being with Miss Betsy Baker, a na- tive of Kentucky, who accompanied her par- ents to Illinois, making the entire journey on horseback and locating in Rochester, this state. By this marriage there were ten chil- dren, all of whom reached mature years: John, now deceased: Prudy, wife of S. L. Biedler : ^lary, deceased wife of ]\I. 5IcXat- ten: ^\'illiam: Benjamin: Jabez. deceased: Edward, a composer of music in Xew \ork THE lUOGRAPHlCAL RECORD. 629 city; Harry: Maud, now Mrs. Willis Staf- fonl: and 1-rank. who died in clnldhond. The niiittuM- died in 187(1. In the villa-e r.i Mt. Pulaski Oliver Capps was reared and educated, attending the public scIkhiIs. He remained on the liome farm until twenty years of age. when he began assisting his father in the store. He was married in 1856. and for nearlv twenty vears thereafter continued to reside in :\It. Pulaski. In 187(1 he removed to Wellington. Kansas, where he established a general store, which he successfuUx' con- ducted for ten years, but eventually he sold out and went to California, where he resided five years, being engaged in the real estate business. On the expiration of that period he returned to his old home in Mt. Pulaski, where he has since lived practically retired. his attention being given to no active busi- ness affairs, save the management of his pro]iert)-. On the 13th of April, 1856. occurred the marriage of Mr. Capps and Miss Mary Eliza Bush, of Peoria, Illinois, who was born in Mt. Vernon. Ohio, Fel)ruary 10. 1837. Her father. (ieurchased eighty acres of land on what is known as the old Delavan Prairie in Eminence township. At that time there w-as not a house hetween his home and the village of Delavan, fourteen miles distant. From the government ^Mr. Simpson entered more land and at once began making im- pro\-ements upon the propert}-. At the time of his arrival he knew nothing of farming, but practical experience soon taught him the best methods of tilling the soil, and with a fair degree of success he carried on agri- cultural pursuits until his death, which oc- curred in 1870. He was a \"ery stanch Democrat, and always stood firmly by his principles in every regard. His wife died in 1888, and thus the county lost two of its honored pioneer settlers. They were the parents of ten children, of whom six are living, namely : Annie, the widow of John Davison and a resident of Kansas; Jane, widow of Jefferson Bruner and a resident of Nebraska ; Martha, who is the \\idow of Henry IMusick and makes her home in Kan- sas; Hannah, wife of F. A. Musick, of Wccdford county, Illinois; Thomas J., now of Northport, Missouri : and William W. Those deceased are Ellen, who married James Phillips, but lioth have now passed away: Da\id, wlm died at sea: Thomas: and Mary E. All were educated in the common schools except T. J., who attended the college at Eureka, Illinois. After jnitting aside his text-books Will- iam W. Simpson began farming in West Lincoln township, where he rented a farm for two years, and during his residence there he married ]\Iiss Lenora French, hn French, <;f that state. [Mrs. Simpson died August 22,. 1872. They were the parents of two chil- dren : Annie M., the deceased wife of Charles R. Bowles, of Orvil township; and Thomas O., who married Annie Jacobs and resides in Emden. In ^S/T, Mr. Simpson was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Jennie ( Skirben) Sheets, the widow of Andrew J. Sheets, of Orvil town- ship. Mrs. Simpson was killed in a run- away accident April 22, 1892, leaving two children cf the second marriage: W'alter F., who married a ]\Iiss Sampel and resides in Eminence township; and Charles H., who is li\ing in Fmden with his father. After his first marriage ?\Ir. Simpson followed farming, but \\heu the war broke out and the need of more men was strongly felt, he enlisted, August i, 1862, in Com- pany E, One Hundred and Si.xth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Latham and Captain Beesley. The company took part in no engagements of any imix)rtance and Mr. Simpson was ne\-er injuretl. He was discharged at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, July 12, 1865. Returning home, he pur- chased another farm six miles east of Em- den in Orvil township, and there he and his sons carried on agricultural pursuits until 1893, when he sold his proiperty and came to Emden, purchasing a residence in the eastern part of the village, where he has since lived retired. His enterprise and in- dustry as he tilled his helds and harvested his crops brought to him a handsome com- petence, and he is nmv one of the substantial citizens of the community. In his political views he is a Democrat, and takes a deep in- terest in the (juestions of the day, keeping well informed thereon. Ft:r one term he served as constable in Or\il township and fi;r three terms has been alderman oi Em- den. For fourteen \ears he has been school THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 631 director in his district, and in these posi- tions, as in ether offices which lie has filled, he has discharged his duties with marked fidelity and promptness. He belongs to the Grand Army Post of Armington, Illinois, and is a member of the Christian church of Emden. in which he has held the office of deacon. His life has been upright, his ac- tions honorable and sincere, and he is widely and favorably known in the county where the greater part of his years have been passed and where he is often spoken of as "Uncle Billy" — a term of affectionate re- gard. TOHX H. LONG Among the successful and prosperous farmers of Corwin township, Logan county, Illinois, is John H. Long, who was born in Ohio, May 8, 1847. and is a son of John and Bertha Long, also natives of the Buck- eye state. The i>arents were married in Ohio and resided there on a farm until 1853, when they removed to Illinois and settled on a rented farm near Elkhart, in Corwin township, Logan county. After two years they lx>ught eighty acres, which the father brought to a high state of cultivation. Being a thrifty, energetic man, at the time of his death he had accumulated two hundred and twenty-four acres of land, which he left to his heirs. He died November 3, 1891, at the age of eighty-four years, and was buried in Evans cemetery, Corwin township. His wife died about 187 1. They had a family of nine children, as follows: Sarah, who was the wife of Albert Barrick, and both are now deceased; Harvey, who married Mary Lewis, and both are also deceased; David, deceased, who married Delia Kinney. wh(j now resides in Broadwell ; Weslev, who marrietl Addie Harrison, and resides in Atlanta, Illinois : Xancy is the widow of Philip Richhart. and n )W resides in Lincoln. Illinois: Ellen, deceased wife of Charles }iIorris. who resides n;ar Keokuk. Iowa; John H.. our subject; An- nie, who married M. I. Burkett and resides near Ket)kuk. Iowa ; and a son. who died in infancy. John H. Long, our subject, attended the district school at Linn Grove, Corwin town- ship, until he was eighteen years of age and then worked upon the farm, assisting his lather. He remained at home until he was twenty-six years old and then entered the livery business at Atlanta, Illinois, where he remained four years, after which he re- turned to the homestead and for four >ears more managed the farm for his father. At this time he married, and for two years op- erated a rented farm, but his father needing his services, Mr. Long returned to the home- stead and has resided here ever since. Here he has a good farm of two hundred acres of fine land on sections 27 and 28, and he raises high-grade stock for the market in connection with his general farming. His success is the result of his industry ami hard work, and his prosperity is justly merited. On the 2(1 of Marth. 1882. at West Lib- ertv. Ohio. Mr. Long married ^liss Callie F. \an Meter, a daughter of John K. and Sarah (Powell) \'an Meter, both of whom were natives of Ohio. Her parents were married in Ohio and resided there until their deaths, the father being engaged in farming. Mrs. Long was one of a family of six children, as follows: Jennie, who is single and resides with Mr. Long; Henry, who married Anna Sieger and resides in Ohio; Callie F.. who was Ixjrn in Ohio and is now Mrs. Long; John, who married Etlfie Stout, now deceased, antl resides in Ohio; 632 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Maggie, who married Charles Scott and re- sides ill West Liberty, Ohio; and a son, who died in cliildhood. Mr. and !\Irs. Long ha\e two interesting children, namel}' : Jessie V. and Virgil C. In politics Mr. Long is a Republican, and lias ser\-ed his party as mad commis- sioner for a nunilier ettle the lot of the agriculturist. In 1847 he came to Logan county, Illinois, making the journey from his native cnunty <>n horse- back. The country at that time was ex- tremely rough and the principal highways were the Indian trails. On his arrival in this ct>unty, Mr. Mont- gomery took up his residence with Harvey Turner, under whose roof he remained three years. In 1850 he purchased a farm, ci in- sisting of (lie hundreil and sixty acres of land, which is now the dd hrnie- .stead. As time passed and he pros- pered in his farming operations, he kept adding to his landed possessions until now he has nine hundred and thirty-three acres of valuable land in Atlanta townshi]), Logan county, and in McLean county. He is acknowledged to be one of the most suc- cessful and prosperous agriculturists of his county. He is now practically living a re- tired life in .\tlanta and owns one nf the finest residences of the place, it being equip- ped with all modern conveniences. In Feliruary. 1854. Mr. Montgomery was united in marriage with Miss Celinda Andrews, whose parents were from Rhode Island and Xew York. respecti\ely. Twi^ children blessed this union, but William IT., the younger, died at the age of three months and thirteen davs. Harvey T. is to-day one of the principal traveling salesmen connect- ed with one of the largest* business houses of Bl(K)mington, and receives a .salary of fifteen hundred dollars per year and ex- penses. Me has lieen very successful thus far during his business career and undoulit- cdlv a brilliant future awaits him. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land under cultivation. Our .subject's first wife died in July. 1857, and in October. 1858. he mar- ried Miss Lula Beardsly, of Genesee county, Xew York, by whom he had five children, namely; Tlicimas E. : Harriet M.: Minnie B. : Judson. who is now looking after his father's t;.nning interests: and Isaac J., de- ceased. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the I^ee Will I'.aptist church, and gives it his financial sup])ort. In politics he is an ardent Republican, but has never sought publicity in an official capacity. As a citizen of the community in which he has so long lived and been so active, he is highly respected and enjoys the confidence of his neigh'oors and many friends, by whom he is regarded as a man of excellent business judgmer.t. In all transactions his word is considered as go(;d as his bond, and he well merits the high regard in which he is uniformly lield. PETER OHCAMP This well known resident of Lincoln i.> one of the leading German-born citizens ( t Logan county, and in his successful business career he has shown the characteristic thrift and enterprise of his race. Beginning witli no ca]iital except that acqiured by his ov.ii indu-^try. he has built u]) a Lirge trade as a wholesale and retail dealer in li(|Uors. ami is also a successful coal operat-. North Carolina. :May 13, 1848. and on the paternal side is of Scotch descent. The first of the Horn family to C(ime to America was his great-grandfa- ther, who was a native of Scotland. His grandfather. William Horn, was born in that part of Orange county. Xordi Caro- lina, which was set off and called .Mamance countv. and he married Jane Faddis, a na- ti\e of England. David T. Horn, the father of our sub- ject, was born July 5, 1814, on the farm in Alamance county. North Carolina, where the birth of Joseph A. also occurred. After reaching manhood he served for tweh'e vears in the state militia as first lieutenant in the compaii}' commanded by his brother. Captain A. Horn, well known in ISIount THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 639> Pulaski. In 1861, at the outbreak of the Civil war. both were ofFei-ed commissions in the Confederate army by Governor Vance, of Xortli Carolina. In 1830 David T. Horn married Miss Jane H. Tlnnias. who was born in the same locality. November 2. 1813. and was a daughter of William and Millie (Stevens) Thomas, and a cousin of Gen- eral Lorenzo Thomas. In March, i860, he brought his family to Illinois and located in Logan county, but in 18^7 removed to Brookheld, Missouri, where he made his home up/on a farm until called to his final rest three years later. His widow subse- quently returned to this county and died in Mount Pulaski, in April, 1899. Our subject came with his family to this state, and also accompanied them on their removal to Missouri. During his boyhiXKl and youth he acquired a good practical education. For seven years he was connected with railroads in different capac- ities, carrying a chain for a surveyor of the Kansas Pacific Railroad and others, in- cluding a part of the Union Pacific, from Denver to Cheyenne, and later, after being- admitted to the bar, he was claim attorney for one division of the Chicago. Burlington & Ouincy Railroad in ^lissouri. with office at Brookfield, this being his first wi irk in the legal field. In 1897 Mr. Horn commcneced the study of law with S. P. Huston, oi Brf Adam Stephens, who was a farmer by occupation. They be- came the ])arents of nine children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows : Mary Jane, June 24, 1847; Leander, Sep- tember 6, 1843 • J^nies A., October 1 1, 1852 ; John E.. February 13, 1854; Franlc M.. October 7, 1857; Lina. January ly. 185 1; Thomas J., .\ugust 24, i860; Abel, Sep- temlier 12, 1862: .\nna. March 17. i8C)5, and Adam S., August 12, 1867; Leander died in 1806, but the others are still living. They are all married with the exception of Thomas, who resides in Indianapolis, Indi- ana, and follows the trade of a machinist, having been connected with that industry for se\'eral years. The mother oi these children was born July 14, 1828, and died September 17, 1888. Although ]\Ir. Larison is now in his eightieth vear. he does the work of an or- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 641 dinary man, being quite robust and active, and be is considered one of tbe briglitesi and most energetic farmers of bis commun- ity. He is a member of tbe Masonic frater- nity, and a standi supporter of tbe Repub- lican party. Kind and generous i)y nature, lie makes many friends, and commands tbe respect and esteem of all wbo know liini- He is not a member of any cburcb. but financially assists in tbeir sujii^ort wben calletl uixin. He and bis family are noted for tbeir ability as violinists, possessing con- siderable talent along tliat line. At inter- vals be bas spent tbe winter montbs in Colorado on bunting expeditions for eiglit or ten years, and bas many tropliies of tbe cbase, including tbe skin of tbe only elk be ever drew bead on. togetber witli several skins and beads of deer tbat be bas sliot. He has been a noted marksman and lias taken great deligbt in bunting. JAMES A. CEMBERLIXG. James A. Gemljerling. better known as "Al," residing on a farm in Boynton town- sbip, Tazewell county, Illinois, one-half mile from the Logan county line, conies of a family which settled here in the early days of this county and has many representatives throughout this locality. Our subject is a native of Union county. Pennsylvania, born July 14. 1854. and is a son of Frederick and Mary Ann ( Sten- inger) Gemberling. also natives of tbat state, who came west in 1855 and first set- tled in Tazewell county. Illinois, whence they removed to Orvil township, this coun- ty. The father now resides in Lincoln, where he is living a retired life. He mar- ried for his second wife Mrs. Eliza Kelly. They have a pleasant home in Lincoln, where both are highly respected. There were eight children born to the lirst mar- riage of Frederick Gemberling, namely : David H., wlio married Mi.ss Sarah Bowles, and now resides on a farm on section 12, Orvil township: Cyrus, who is engaged in the lum'.jer business in the village of Emden ; James Albert, who married Miss Isa Jane Ouisenberry, and is a farmer of Boynton township, Tazewell county: Jennie, \vho married T. Alexander, and lives ,neai Blocmington : Robert C. a sketch of whom will be found on another page of this work ; Schuyler C. who married May Xine, and resides on a farm in Orvil township; and Frances and Franklin, both of whom died young. .Ml of these children received good educations in, tbe common schools of Orvil township, and in Tazewell county. Our subject remained at home attend- ing school and assisting his father until bis marriage, which occurred on February 10, 1872. Isa J. Ouisenlierry liecoming bis wife. She was born in Orvil townshp and is the daughter of TlK.nias H. Quisenberry, an early settler of Logan county, now de- ceased. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Gemberling, namely: Frank, de- ceased: Cora, wife of Charles Clark, of Em- inence township, this county: Etta, wife of Charles Short, a farmer of Boynton town- ship. Tazewell county: Frederick: Leslie; Willnir and Edgar, all residing at home. .\fter marriage Mr. (ieniberling settled on a farm near tbe Bethel Church in Orvd township, but subsequently removed to sev- eral farms in the same township, living a few years on each. In March. 1886, he located on bis present fami in Boynton township, Tazewell county, Illinois, where he now owns one bunderd and sixty acres of excellent land, on which is a substantial 642 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. house, a good barn and outbuildings. In addition to this he also oavus anotlier forty in Tazewell count)', nurth of his home; one hundred and sixty acres in Eminen.ce town- ship, Logan county, and two hundred and forty acres in Hamiltun county, Nebraska. All this land is well imprnved and under cultivation. In politics .Mr. (ieniberling is a Republi- can and both he and his wile are members of the Cumberland Presb^'terian church of Providence. Illinois. Since living on his present farm, our subject has been very suc- cessful, and so popular is he that no work of Logan county would be complete with- out a record df his life. ARTHUR OULSENBERRY. Fiir many years Arthur Ouisenberry was actively identified with the agricultural interests of Logan county, but is now prac- tically living a retired life in Lincoln, his home being at 21J lludsi.jn street. He was born upon a farm in Christian count}'. Kentuckv. August jy, 1835, and is a son of Edward Sanford and Lucy (Catourj Oui.senberry, both of wlmm were natives of Virginia, the former burn in 1786, the latter in 1799. On the paternal side his ancestors were of Scotch-Irish extraction, and were among the early settlers of the Old Dnminion. The father of our subject was twice married, his first wife being Miss Nancy Tburlkeld, of Virginia, wdio bore him fourteen clhldren. In 183 1 or 1832 he was united in marriage with Miss Lucy Catour, -whose family removed to Kentucky in 181 5. By the second union there were five children, making nineteen in all, nine sons and ten daughters, all of whom li\-ed to be grown men and women. and all married and reared families with the exception of three. The father was an ex- iensi\-e land and sla\-e owner in the south, but from conscientious scruples he set all his slaves free, and on account of the bad effects of slavery he removed with his fam- ily to Illinois in 1835. Though he lost most (if his property in this way, he afterward met \\ ith success, and gave tO' each of his nineteen children a good farm. He became a very strong abolitionist, and he and his nine sons were among the first to join the Ivepublican party, all voting for John C. Fre- mont in 1856. On first coming to Illinois he located in Tazew-ell county, where he re- mained until 1849, and then removed to Eminence tOiwnshipi Logan count}-, w-here he continued to make his hon-ie throughout life. He was a soldier in the w-ar of 1812, and a farmer by occupation. A man of good, practical common sense, he prospered in business affairs and was held in the high- est esteem for his many sterling cpialities. He died in 1864, in his seventy-eighth year, and the mother of our subject departed this life in i88j. at the age of eighty-three. Arthur (husenberry passed his boyhood and VdUth upun the home farm, and re- ceived .a good common school education, pursuing his studies during the w-inter months in a primitive log school house un- til seventeen years of age, and aiding in the -work of the farm through the summer season. On the i8th of February, 1858, he married ]\liss Polly Burt, of TazeAvell county, whtiui he had know-n since .she was a little girl, and to them w-ere born four children, namely; Laura B., now the wife of John E. Richards, of Broadwell town- ship, this county; George H., who owns and successfully operates a fine farm of five hundred and fifty-eight acres of land in Lo- gan count\- : Pauline. \\\v> died at the age THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 643 of five years; and Arthur Clifford, who was graduated from the University of lUinois in 1900, and now holds a position in the Lincoln National Bank. After his marriage Mr. Ouisenberry lo- cated on a fami in Eminence township, where he owned one hundred and ten acres of land, and engaged in general farming and the breeding of short-horn cattle with marked success for many years. As time passed and he prospered in his farming oi>erations, he added to his original tract until he had four hundred and fifty acres of valuable land under a high state of culti- vation. Renting his farm in 1875. he re- moved to Lincoln, where he has since made his home, his attention being given to his general interests. In 1876 he built a good residence at 113 Hudson street, where he lived until 1901. when his present Ijeautiful home at 212 Hudson street was completed. He now has some good city property-, and is also interested in Texas lands, owning at one time twenty sections in that state. ;Mr. Ouisenberry was a director of the old Lincoln Loan, Trust & Savings Bank, which was afterward merged into the Lin- coln National Bank, of which he was one of the original stockholders and still fills that position. He is a conscientious, re- liable business man, and well deserves the prosperity that has come to him. Buth he and his estimable wife are members of tiie Cumberland Presbyterian church, and while living in the country he served as an elder of the church with which hr was connected. GUY H. TUTTLE. One of the prosperous and substantial citizens of Atlanta is Guy H. Tuttle. whose life has been one of financial success. He was born in Greene county, Ohio, Felyruary 5, 1831, and is one of a family of five chil- dren whose parents were James and Harriet (Hatch) Tuttle. The lather was also a native of that state, born in Athens, in 1806, and was a man of exceptional abil- ity, having mastered several trades. In early life he was interested in the manufac- ture of brick and engaged in the distilling business, but later devoted his entire time to agricultural pursuits and became very prosperous. He lived to the advanced age of ninety-three, and was still well preserved at the time of his death, which occurred April 14, 1899. L'pon the home farm (juy H. Tuttle passed the days of his boyh(X)d and youth, and as the schools were rather scarce in his community at that time his educational privileges were rather meager. Being am- bitious to make his own way in the world, he embarked in the saw-mill business at the age of twenty-one, and carried it on quite sucessfully for ten years. In 1840 he remo\ed to a farm near Atlanta, and has since followed farming with marked success, having accumulated three hurdred and twen- ty acres of the best land to be found in Lo- gan county. He is also a stockholder and director of the Atlanta National Bank, and is one of the wealthiest men of his commun- itv, as well as one of its most highly es- teemed citizens. Mr. Tuttle has been twice married, his l-r-^t wife being Miss Martha A. Roach, a daughter of N. Roach, and to them were l)orn five children, namely: William O. : Fidelia; Thomas M. : Hattic. wife of Asa Hutchin.son; and (jue who died in intancv. I-"or his second wife he wedded Miss Mar- tha J. Harness, a daughter of J. Strong. The onlv child born of this union is now Mrs. M. Harlev. Mrs. Tuttle is a devout 644 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. nieniljer of the Christian churcli ami a niosi estimable lady. By his Ijallm our su'.jjeci sujiports the men and measures of the Re- publican party, but he never sought t)r cared for the honors or emoluments of political office. He is, however, one of the most popular and influential men iscopal church. The former, in i>olitics, supports the Republican i)latform : he also Ijelongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. .V- doctor, ab'ive all, is a minister of mercy: no call ever comes in vain: no sufl'erer is turned from his door without at least a kind word. ADO. J. H.\RMSEX. .\mong the enterprising farmers of Or- \ il township, Logan county. Illinois, is Atlo J. Harmsen, residing on section 8, where he has made his home since 1870. He is a native of Germany, born }ilay lb. ]8()0. and is a son of Tonjes K. and Wen- delke { Smith ) Harmsen, also natives of Germany, who came to this country in 1866, landing in Xew York. From that city they went tc; Pekin. Illinois, where they resided three \ears, while the father isursued his trade of blacksmithing. Their next re- nic)\al was t<> a farm near San Jose, Ma- son county, where he engaged in farming. They resided on that farm for one year, and then located on the farm where the father THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 645 and our subject still live, the gcKjd mother having dietl in February. 1897. In the family were five children, namely ; Klaas. ileceased: Ado J., our subject: Harim. de- ceased; Tonjes, a resident of Orvil town- ship: and Herman, deceased. All of the children were well educated either in (ier- niany, Pekin. Illinois, or Logan county, as their ages permitted. The property on which our subject arid his father reside was first settled by a man by the name of Barnum. and from him they ])urchased one hundred and sixty acres. All of the improvements ujxw the farm ha\c been made by them, and the neat, thrifty ap- pearance of the place shows conclusively that they thoroughly understand their chosen calling. They are successfully carrying on general fanning and stock-rais- ing. Ado J. Harmsen was married in Febru- ary. 1888. to Annie W'rage. a native of Ger- many, and a daughter of John W'rage, a blacksmith and farmer in Mason county. Illinois, now deceased. Six children have lieen born to them, namely : Tony. John. Winnie. Edward, Ruth and Walter, all at home. Mr. Harmsen is a Democrat in politics but has never been an office-seeker and does not desire to figure in public life. His wife is an earnest member of the German Luth- eran church of Emden. The family is well known and highly respected in this locality. THOMAS BREXXAX. The life of Thomas Brennan was such r.s to ennoble any community and to ad- vance the best moral, intellectual and ma- terial interests thereof. For more than thirty-five years he was a familiar and hon- ored figure in the business and S(Kial life of Elkhart, and his death was an irrepara- ble loss to the village which had for so long regarded him as the i)ersonification of commercial integrity, true manliness and noble citizenshi]). Owing to an unflinch- ing industry and shrewd business abilitv he accumulated large worldly ix)ssessions. but one of the finest traits of his character was embodied in the fact that he never lost track of his early struggles, or never passed be- yond the ken oi the ambitious Irish boy who started out in the world without a cent and overcame all obstacles with the ease of those who feel themselves destined to fill an im- portant place in the world. From one who has looked well into the early traditions of the family it Ls learned that as far back in history as A. D. 350 the Brennans were a mighty tribe in Coun- ty Carlow, Ireland, and held large posses- sions in this and adjoining counties in the southern part of the then kingdom of Ire- land. Originally Protestants, their motto was "Fidelity." and after they l>ecame Cath- olics, the sign upon their banner was "Thou Shalt Conquer." In the same country where the shineherd Saxons had been trodden un- der heel by the invading Xonnans. Thomas Brennan was born March 12, 1833, a son of Patrick and Ann ( Burns) Brennan, also natives of County Carlo. In the same fam- ily beside Thomas was : Bridget, who, with her husband, Patrick Welsh, is deceased, had eight children, and lived in Illinois; Sarah, first the wife of John White, and af- ter his decease the wife of John Doyle, lived at Iresdale. Illinois, and has one child by her first, and two children by her second mar- riage: Mary, now deceased, was the wife of James Ryan, of Lincoln. Illinois, and was the mother of ten children; Matthew, who married .\nna Shammesy. has nine children, and li\es in .\lliance. X'ebraska. 646 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.- When seventeen years of age Mr. Bren- nan landed in New York, and was em- ployed by a firm in the city for two years at five dollars a month, receiving also the privilege of attending school for one month each winter, for during the cold weather, when work was scarce, he received only his board for his services. After a similar ex- perience in \'ermont, he removed U< 'Mich- igan and was emplo\ed l>y the I\l. S. K. Railroad for a time, his lines being next cast in Springfield. Illinois, wliich he reached March 4, 1854. In the western town he was varii)usly empUjyed. his (jccupations in- cluding liveryman, hotel butler, drayman, mail carrier, and bus dri\er, and by some strange and well remembered coincident he served the illustrious Abraham Lincoln. After ai time he turned his attention to farming near \\'illiams\ille. and liy iniprcn - ing opportunities unseen b\- i:thers managed to accumulate a little money, principally Ijy planting twenty-five acres of cnrn with a hoe, the harvest of which yielded him se\- enty cents a bushel. He also profitably ran a threshing machine in the neighborhocd, and in fact turned his capable hand in many directions. After locating in Elkhart he led a purely CDmmercial existence, and. by rea- son of the perse\-erance which had brought nu'.ch to the penniless emigrant bi;\- in Xew "^'ork, he succeeded as ail such men do. On Sei)tember 29. 1861. Mr. Brennan married, in Elkhart, I\Iary Kavanaugh, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. Fa- ther IMartin. at the residence of O. ;\IcCal)e. Mrs. Brennan was born in County Carlow. Ireland, March ij. 1845. ''"'l ^^'i* the daughter of James antl Catherine ( Mor- risey) Kavanaugh. also natives of that coun- ty. The parents were married in Ireland and came to America in 1850, li\-ing in Al- ban\-, Xew York, for se\-en vears. The\- then came to Illinois and settled in what is no\^ Elkhart, but which was then but a watering tank for the railroad. At the time they bought all necessities at Springfield, and about 1870 they remo\ ed to Johnson count}-, Nebraska, where they purchased three hundred acres of land, and where the father died April 26, 1889, his wife follow- ing him ten days later. He was a Democrat in politics, a member of the Catholic church, and respected and esteemed by all who knew liim. To this couple were born the follow- mg children : John, who married Mary Cilinn, and lives in Tecumseh, Nebraska ; Mary, who was the wife of Mr. Brennan ; Bryan, who married Kate Joyce, and li\es at Crab Orchard, Nebraska ; Catherine, who is the wife of ^ilichael Shaunnesy, and li\ es at Tecumseh, Nebraska; Bridget, who ma'- ried Joseph Keegan, and is also a resident of Tecumseh, Nebraska: Johannah, who is now Mrs. Robert Taggart, of Vesta, Ne- braska; and Charles, who married Tillie Taggart, and lives near Crab Orchard. Ne- braska. To 2\Ir. and Mrs. Brennan have been born ele\en children, namel\' ; Patrick, who married Amanda Shockev, and lives near Elkhart, on a farm; Anna, who is the wife of (j. F. Thompson, has two children, and lives at Lincoln. Illinois; Alatthew, who married Alice Sextiin, has four children. and is in the lumber business in Chicago; Sadie, who li\es with her mother; Cath- erine, who is the wife of Thomas Gleason, has fi\-e children, and lives on a farm near Elkhart ; James, who died in infancy; Thom- as, who married }vlary Lee, has two chil- dren, and li\es on a farm west of Elkhart. John, who married Kate Wahen, of Spring- field, has one child, and lixes on a farm near Elkhart; Marv. who is the \.ife of Charles Lee, and is living near Elkhart ; lames C, LIBRARY OF THE UmVERSITy OF ILLINOIS C. E. NINE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 647 who dietl in infancy; Edmund, who lives in Elkliart : Charles, who lives at honip : and J'rvan. wiio lives with his mother. CHARLES C. REEDER. As a contractor and builder the subject ■y:i this sketch has been actively identified Avith the development of Lincoln and the surrounding country, and is recognized as one of its leading business men. A native of the Buckeye state, he was born near Leb- anon, Warren county, Ohio, October 28. 1848. His parents, Charles C. and Sarah (Hart) Reeder. were born, reared and mar- ried in the same state, and there the father followed farming until i860, wlien he re- moved with his family to Flora, Clay coun- ty, Illinois, where he and his wife spent tl^e remainder of their lives. She was a daugh- ter of John Hart, alsci a native of Ohio. Our subject is one of a family of seven chil- dren, all sons namely : John, a veteran of the Civil war: William L. : Charles C, of this review : Oscar, who died in 1893 ; and Zeph- eniah. James and Alfred, all residents of Omaha, Nebraska. Mr. Reeder was a lad of twelve years when the family removed to Flora, Illinois, and there grew to manhood, his education being mainly acquired in the village schools. -After leaving school he commenced learn- ing the carpenter's trade with a Mr. Parker, and after completing his apprenticeship con- tinued with him until coming to Lincoln in 187 1. Here he has successfully engaged in contracting and building on his own ac- count, erecting many churches, school houses and business blocks, liesides private residences, not only in Lincoln, but through- out Logan county, and during the busy sea- son he often employs as many as fifteen men. He is an excellent workman, and always con- scientiously tuihlls his part of every con- tract. In 187-' Mr. Reeder maiTied .Miss Ella l\eed. of 1^'liira. Illinois, a daughter of David and Sarah ( Munton) Reed. She was lx)rn in Clermont county, Ohio, and came west with her parents when young. Mr. and Mrs. Reeder ha\e eight children, four sons and four daughters, namely: Frank H., a farmer; Xettie, wife of George Webster; Ernest, a telegra))h operator of Juliet, in the employ of the Chicago & Alti>n ivailroad; I-^-ffie. Grace. ClKirles Forest. Pearly F. and lames M.. all at hnme. C. E. XIXE. The Emden Xews is one of Logan coun- ty's up-to-date and progressive newspapers, which, in connection with the job depart- ment, is an enterprise of which the citizens of the thriving village of Emden should be jircud. The publication is a seven-column, four-page, all-home-print paper, and is issued weekly on Thursday. Its appearance is al- ways clean and bright, anort, fur nci one knows tlie amount of lalxir, tact and expense that is required to keep the institution on a firm basis and in run- ning order excei)t one who has had the act- ual experience. Charles Edward Xine was horn one and one-half milts northwest of Iinulen. near the northern bdundary line of Logan coun- ty. April J(S, 1S78. and was reared at the home i:f his parents. Air. and Mrs. hdeming Nine, situated on an eighty-acre farm in the northeastern portiini of I'rairie Creek t(jwn- ship. Early in life the subject nf this sketcli manifested an interest in educational and public affairs, and improved every oppor- tunit}' of obtaining knowledge and experi- ence in those avenues with marked success. After finishing the course at the home coun- try school. Pleasant Hill, he took a four years' course in the Delavan high school, and was graduated therefrdm June 17, iS()iS, with the "banner class." cinisisting of twcn- 'ty-three members, being one of the three ex- cused from the final examinatious. He also vi:n highest grade on his graduation ora- tion, entitled. "The E\-olution of JMind." was selected as one of the eight to partici- pate in the graduation program, and in the deli\-ery of his oration established a recortl as an orator. On August 8, 1898. he assumed entire control of the Emden News, which was es- tablished .August 1, 1895. Erom the time he entered the business the paper began to im- ])ro\e, and in a few months had to be con- verted into an all-home-print local paper, in order to contain the business, and has con- tinued to prosper and grow in influence fn_)m that time forward. The editor has a large circle of acquaintances, enjoys society — so much so that he has not yet taken unto him- self a better half, which fact necessitates tlie nmission of his family history in this sketcli. He is one among the few of his profession who has no bad haliits, and who cannot he mfiuencefl h> depart from his early training and mciral jirinciples, which is a ipialitv needed in more of our public men who mold public opinion and exert their influence over the community. The field covered by this paper is one of the best in the state for its size. Eour miles southeast is a sister city — Hartsburg, whicii is a valuable assistance and support; east is the beautiful and rich country surrounding P>ethel. Eminence and .Vrmington : north are Boyntou and Delavan, in Tazewell coun- ty, which are \-alual)le contributaries ; south and west are the Prairie Creek. Harness and San Jose neighborhoods, all of which r.re interested in the happenings of the entire CI mmunity. The grain and stock market cannot lie eipialed anywhere, and is large!}- the source r,f lunden's prosperit}' aiul growth in e\-ery a\-enue. The News ser\-es as 'a valuable medium in heralding the joy- ful tidings far and near with freedom and generosity. The News has puldished two special editions that would ha\-e keen n credit tO' a city of ten times the jjopulation. The first was a Eourth of July edition (189C)). jirinted in national colors, was double in size and contained a full list of the personal and real estate property assess- ments of Orvil and Prairie Creek town- ships, besides the other ajipropriate patri- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 649 otic features. The second was a Pan-Amer- ican Souvenir Edition, under date of Xo- vember 14, double in size, printed on Ixmk paper in red. white and bhie, giving a tlnill- ing account of the aUtor's visit at tlie E.\- position and .Xiagara Falls, and al.so a full page account if the assassination of the late- President McKinley. his funeral and burial. all of which has jjmfuselv illustrated. The tditur claims the distinctinn i-i be- ing the youngest editor in the county, and entering the business younger than an\- edi tor in the state. He is a young man ci good character, is a member of the Chris- tian church at Emden. has talent in nearl\- every line, and is a willing worker in ;ind promoter of public affairs; and it is fortr.n- ate that the pen. which is "mightier than the swcnl." is held and guided by one wlm is fearless in rejjresenting the trutli. which is and should be the purpose of the press and which should be the nrntto > f e\ery editor and i)ublisher. RICHARD MOXXETT. This well-to-do and highly respected farmer, residing on section 24. Eminence township, only a short (list mce from At- lanta, was born March 5. 1)^44. and is one of a family of six children, wlmse parents were Simcna and Sarah ( Larimore ) Mmi- nett. The father was born in 1-rance in 1824, and received a good education in the schools of his native land, graduating there- fnjm. On coming to the l'nite\-k and then proceeded tf> Logan CMunty, Illinois. locating on Kickajiod creek, where he fol- lowed farming until 1847. On disposing ot bis farm he engaged in the hotel business in Lincoln for a few years, and then re- nii)\ed tci .\tlanta. where he continueil to make his iKnne until called to his final rest in i8y2. He left many friends to mourn his loss as well as his immediate relatives. Richard .Monnett l:as .spent his entire life in this ci:unt\' and is indebted ti> its cnni- nmn >cli(iols Uw \u< educatinnal ad\-antages. At the age r.> twelve years he left home and C'immenced working as a farm hand by the montli and was etuplcyed in that capacity when the Civil war bmke cut. Prompted i)_\' a spirit nf ])atri( tism be enlisted in t.'e One Hundred and Sixth llliudis X'nlnnteer Infantry, and served with distinctinn fnr eighteen nmnths. when cm .acccunt nf se- vere illness he was honcn-ably discharged. Since the war .Mr. Monnett has been en- gaged in fanning with excellent results, and IS tcc-da\' the owner of a line f.arm of two hundred and fc rty acres, which i- well tiiuipped with e\er\thing found upi n a model farm of the i)resent day. His resi- dence is a handsome structure and up-to- date in all is appointments and furnishings. On the 3d c:f March. iSf.7. Mr. Alounett was united in marriage with Miss Eliz;ibelh .\dams. the claughter c;f l-'phraim .\daniv. an honored pioneer (.f this county, who came here from Tennessee, and like most of the peojile who came from that state was ujited fc;r his he spitality and genial man- ner. He died in l.og.'in county. Jatniavy jj. i8i)i. ( )in- snbiect and his wife had four children, natnely : Xanc\'. who was born in i86(j and died in 1873: Laura 15.. who was born February 3. 1873. and is now .Mrs. Frank llrewer: Xellie (1.. who was born y-'ebruary u, 1871;. and is now the wife of H. C. ( juisenberry. one of luninence town- ship's most ])rogrtssi\e farmers: and l-"-<- tella. deceased. Mr. .Monnett and his fam- ilv are members of the Christian church. 6so THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and he belongs to the Grand Army of the Repul)hc and the .Ancient Order of United \\'orkmen. In his puhtical affihations he is a stanch Repuhhcan, and is a man highly respected and esteemed by all \\ho know him. J. T, WEBSTER. M. D. Dr. J. T. Weljster, a popular and suc- cessful physician and surgeon nf Atlanta, is a native of this state, born in Roscoc, in June, 1849, '"^fl i-'' "^ son of Peter E. and- Laura ( Tower) Webster. The father came originally from New Haven, Connecticut, and after following farming for some years in Illinois, he remox-ed to S])arta, Wiscon- sin, where still carries on that occupation. In his family were eight children. Dr. Webster obtained his ])rimar\- eilu- cation in the cc^untry schools near his boy- hood home, I)nl he later attended high sclu.iol and business college, graduating from both institutions. He began his Iju^i- ness career as clerk in a general store, and while thus emjiloyed commenced the study of medicine. In 1S73 he entered the drug department of the same store and remained. there some si.x years, in the meantime con- tinuing his medical studies. He was en- gaged in the drug business on his own ac- count from ]8rarily at Darian, ^\'is- consin, where be spent si.x months, and in the fall of 1890 removed to Lyndon, that state, where he engaged in the practice of bis profession for three years. It was in February, 1893, that Dr, Webster came to Atlanta and has since successfullv engaged in practice at this place, being looked upon by the community in general as one of the leading ph}-sicians of the place. He was graduated with honors from the Harvey ]\Iedical College, and has not only spent much time in visiting the various hospitals of this country, but in the spring of 1901 Axent to lun-ope with the intention of visit- ing the bosiiitals of London, Liverpool, Glasgow and lidinburg, in the interest of his profession, spending three months abroad. The Doctor was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Martha Stubbs, a daughter of Thomas S. Stubbs, who came to this country from England. TwO' children were born of this union, namely : ]Mattie E. and Roy H. Mrs. ^\'ebster holds membership in the Methodist church, while the Di>ctor is con- nected with the Baptist church. Socially he is a Master Mason, and politically is a strong Repulilican. In March, 1901, he was elected mayor of Atlanta, and is now filling that office in a most capable and satisfactory manner. He is ]>opular both as a physician and citizen, and is held in high regard by all with whom he is brought in contact. TOHX S.VAIS. John Sams, one of the leading farmers and stock-raisers of Mount Pulaski town- shi]), bis home being on section 21, township 18, range i, west, was born in the village of Momit Pulaski, Decemlier 26, 185Q, and is a son of Xicholas and Catharine ( Kessell ) Sams. He was quite small when the fam- ily removed to a farm and there he was reared to manhood, receiving a fair common school education. At the age of twenty-four years Mr. Sams was married in Belmont, Illinois, to THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 651 Miss Catharine Molidore, who was born in Sangamon county, this state. Politically he is identified with the Democratic paity. He has efficiently filled the office of highway commissioner, and while serving in that ca- l>acity the first two iron bridges were built in his township, while many roads were graded and improved, and some new ones opened. Religiously ^Nlr. Sams is a mem- ber of the Catholic church, having been con- firmed at the age of fourteen \ears at Lin- coln, Bishop Spalding officiating. JAMES ^^^ howser. Prominent among the successful agri- culturists of Orvil township is the gentle- man whose name introduces this sketch, his home being on section 2. He is a native of Logan county, born in Eminence township, May 16, 1840, and is the only child born to Solomon and Xancy (Hawes) Howser, though by a former marriage to Mary Bix- ler the father had three children, all now deceased. Both parents of our subject were nati\es of Kentucky. As early as 1830 Solomon Howser came to Illinois and set- tled in Logan county, being one of the pio- neers of Eminence township. There and in Orvil township he followed fanning throughout the ranainder of his life, and his death occurred in Eminence township in 1874. The mother of our subject passed away in 1841. During his boyhood James W. Howser attended the district schools of this county and aided in the work of the farm. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted August 12, 1862, in Company F, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Beesley and Colonel Latham. His regiment was in the rear during the battle of Gettysburg, but was in no other import- ant engagements, though it always faithful- ly performed any work assigned to it, and was never lacking in bravery. The war having ended. Mr. Howser was at length discharged at Pine PJluff. Arkansas, July 12, 1865. After he returned home he sold his farm in Eminence township and removed to his present place on section 2, Orvil township, where he now has two hundred and forty acres of fine fanning land under a high state of ailtivation and well improved. Here he is successfully engaged in general farming, and besides this valuable tract he owns eighty acres of land near Mindon, Kearney county, Nebraska. Mr. Howser married Miss Frances Sum- mers, who was born in Ohio, August 28, 1840. a daughter of Dr. Jefferson and Charlotte (Carnahan) Summers. Her fa- ther, who was both a farmer and a ph\- sician, removed from Ohio to Tazewell county, Illinois, and later came to Logan county, where he and his wife both died. Unto ;Mr. and ^Mrs. Howser* were born eleven children, of whom seven are still liv- ing, namely : Louyern, wife of O. A. Lem- on, a resident of Utica, Nebraska; Leona. deceased; Dora, wife of John Rogers, of Tazewell county. Illinois; ^Nlary. deceased; Luther, traveHng salesman, residing in Pe- oria. Illinois; Alta. wife of T. T. McCor- mick. of Lincoln; Fred, who is now living in the west; Imegene and Edna, both at home: and two who died in infancy. Politically 'Sir. Howser is identified with the Republican party, and socially affiliates with the Grand Army Post of Lincoln. Both he and his wife are leading and prom- inent meml^ers of the Bethel Christian church of Orvil township, of which he is 652 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one of the elders, and they take a very ac- tive part in all church work, and are among the most highly respected citizens uf their commnnitv. JESSE D. SPARKS. One of the eminently successful and highly res])ected farmer citizens of Logan county, mini lis, who owns a line farm in Oran township, is Jesse 1). Sparks, whose birth occurred March 7, 1864. He is a son of James and Martha (Weaver) Sjiarks. In 1837 the grandi)arents of our suh- ject. Samuel and Ahuy Sp.irk-., left ilieu- home in Ohio and locateil in l.og.in county, Illinois, where the former died at the age of sixtv-five years, and the latter at the age of eighty years, hoth of them heiiig laid to rest in Lucas cemetery. They had a fam- ily of ten children, hve of whom still sur- vive, as follows: Samuel, who lives in Sheridan tur\iving .are: Emma, the wife of A. J. llo\\;ir(l, residing in P.roadwell town- ship: Jesse, our subject: ;ind George, who resiiles with his mother on the home farm, which he has ne\er left. He has one .son and two daughters. All of the children were afforded educational advantages i.n the district schools and remained under the shelter of die ])arental roof until they mar- ried. Jesse Sparks was reared on the hue old farm in West Lincoln township, and during the winter mon.ths he was a regular attend- ant at school. l)ut with other farmer boys, he assisted in the farnung operations during the summers. Lntil he was twenty-six. wears old he remained with his father, re- lieving the latter of nuich of the hard labor, and becoming a thoroughly instructed agri- culturist. Mr. Sparks was m.arried June i. j8t;o, to Miss Sar;ih L". l'.ea\'er. who was born in Broadwell township, .\,.vember 21, 1868. She is the daughter of Michael and Sarah .\. Peaxer, the former of whom was long one of the prominent citizens of Broarlwell township. Conaway Pence, Mrs. Sjiarks" grandfather, was a ])ioneer of Corwin town- ship, and for years was surveyor of Logan county. Mrs. Beaver makes her home w ith THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 65J her daughter, Mrs. Sparks, the other mem- bers of her family being: Commodore, who lives in Xeliraska : Alice, who is the wife of J- J. Duff and lives in Oran town- ship; ^\'ilson. who lives in Lincoln: and Elmer, who resides in Nebraska. All of these were educated in the .^clmols of Lin- coln. In 1891 Mr. Sparks removed to Oran townsliip where he rented a farm of two hundred and twenty acres, belonging prin- cipally to Mr. Beaver, and there he carried on general farming for nine years, but in the spring of 1900 lie removed to his present place, it l)eing the old Beaver homestead, consisting of two hundred and eighty acres. This is one of tlie most desirable tracts in the township. Mr. Sparks also has an in- terest in his fathers place, and in addition, a farm near Lincoln. He has always taken an intelligent interest in his agricultural work and thoroughly understands every feature of it. Five children have lieen l)orn to Mr. and Mrs. Sparks, namely: James E.. Ruth. Commodore X.. Jessie K. and an infant son. Like his father, Mr. Sparks has taken an interest in public affairs in his county, but has never accepted office. He is known as one of the progressive, reliable, public- spirited and liberal members of his cxnn- munity. who well represents the best class of the citizens of Logan countv. XEWTOX S. DUXX. Xewton S. Dunn, wiio owns and operates one of the best farms in Sheridan townshi]), has been a resident of Logan county since 1857. He was Ixjrn in Cumberland county. Kentucky. July 18. 1837, a son of James and Xancy (Jones) Dunn, both natives of that state. Coming to Illinois in 1848 the familv first located in Sangamon count_\% where the father followed farming until 1837. when tliey removed to Logan county, .settling near Elkhart, where he continued to follow that occupation until his death in 1877. The mother died in 1874. They had nine children, of whom four still survive, namely : Roger, who is now living retired in Cornland. this county: Alexander, a mail carrier of Piatt county, Illinois: Daniel, -m engineer of Harrisilale, Illinois : ami Xesv- ton S.. of this sketch. Some of the children died in Kentucky and others in Springfield. Illinois, while two sons died in the anny ('KU"ing tlie Ci\il war. Like the other members of this family. Xewtcn S. Dunn was educated in the com- mon sch<>)ls. Feeling that his country need- ed his services during the tlark days of the Rebellion, he enlisted in August. 1862. in Compau} F. Seventy-third Illinc;!:; \'olun- teer Infantry, under Colonel Jaques. while tiie company was first commanded by Cap- tain Montgomery and later by Captain Al- ^^ap. With his regiment. Mr. Dunn partici- pated in the battles of Prairieville. Stone River. Chickamauga, ^lissionary Ridge, Peach Tree Creek. Atlanta and Xashville. but fortunately was never wounded. .\t the close of the war he was honorably dis- charged in 1863 at Ouincy. Illinois. He was at that place when the news came of the assassination of President Lincoln. On being discharged from the service Mr. Dunn returned to Elkhart. Logan coun- ty, but lie was in ill health for about six years. He married Mrs. Matilda Hot>ker. a native of Ohi(\ and a daughter of Silas Morris, who came to this county at an early day and died here. Our subject and his wife have two children, twins: Ollie. now the" wife of William Baker, a nurserxman '654 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of ]\Ieiiard county, Illinois ; and Clarence, a A-eterinary surgeon of Oklalmma. After his marriage I\Ir. Dunn removed to Nebraska, but after a short time spent in that state, he returned to this count}- and in 1873 settled on his. present farm on section 7, Sheridan township, where he owns one hundred and sixty acres of rich and arable land, improved with a good house and sub- stantial barn. It is one of the most desira- ble ])laces in the locality. As a Republican j\Ir. Dunn has taken a somewhat active part in local politics, and efficiently served as deputy sheriff and con- stable for a short time. Socially he is iden- tified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is held in the highest regard bv his fellow-citizens. GIDDIXGS H. STROXG. Since 1867 this gentleman has been a residents of Logan county, Illinois, and is now living a retired life in Lincoln. He was born in ^larlborough, Windham county, ^'ernll)nt. I\Iarch 6, 1820, and belongs to an old Xew England family of English origin, which was founded in this country in the seventeenth century. His parents, David and Al>igail (Pinney) Strong, were both nati\es of Connecticut, but spent the greater part of their lives as farming people in \'er- nmnt, where the father died at the age of -sixtv-seven vears, the mother at the age of eighty-six. In their family were ten chil- dren, of whom our subject is seventh in order of birth and is now the only survivor. ^Ir. Strong was educated in the com- mon schools of his native state and there grew to manhood upon a farm. On the joth of June, 1847, he wa^ united in mar- riage with INIiss Sarah A. Thomas, who was born, reared and educated in ^^'inchester, Xew Hampshire. Twi> children lilessed this union. l)oth Ijorn in the east, namely: Ches- tina A., wife of \\"\]\ P. ^^'akenlall, of Lin- coln, whose sketch appears on another page of this volume; and George F., who died at the age of three years and tlu'ee months. During his early life ]\Ir. Strong was ])rincipally engaged in farming, but for eight years was interested in the lumber, ])aint and oil Inisiness. Selling his property in the east, he removed from Franklin county. ]\Iassachusetts, to Logan county, Illinois, in June, 1867, and purchased a ]iartially improved farm of eighty acres in East Lincoln township, where he made his home for twent_\- years. Since 1890 he has lived in Lincoln, where he purchased a lot and erected a nice residence. He has laid aside all business cares and is spending his declining \ears in ease and cjuiet. He sold the first farm which he purchased in East Lincoln township, and then bought another of one hundred and sixty acres on section 12, the same township. In politics he is a Republican, and both he and his wife are earnest and consistent members of the ^leth.- odist Episcopal church. i '«^'^>-^'' «OW=jf^. ■>-^^ fk. ...^: t ^'■R /'"to — ^ (/^ t^^^ ^S i t ^^W ^^^ ^^ h :,,. ^ S ^^y ^M '■■ ' '<>' 'x/ ¥ ^S ^m ,-^' ' .:^ 1^ M :'::^r^^ m- P4: .-V- Jf :> r^J^rf^Ki, v^^