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 JJtate of Jlltrtots, 
 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 
 
 GEORGE H. HARLOW, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 'O ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME — GREETING 
 
 Whereas, a Certificate duly signed and acknowledged, having been filed in the 
 Ofiice of the Secretary ofi State, on the -2-jth day of May, A . D. 1874, for the organi- 
 zation of The Chicago Bar Association, under and in accordance with the provisions 
 of ^ An Act Concer?iing Corporations" approved April 18, 1872, and in force July 
 1, 1872, a copy of which Certificate is hereto attached : 
 
 Now, therefore, I, George H. Harlow, Secretary of State of the State of Illinois, 
 by virtue of the powers and duties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said 
 
 C|)e (Efncago IS at ^Lsisoctatfcm 
 
 Is a legally organized corporation under the laws of this State. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my hand and cause to be affixed the great 
 seal of State. Done at the city of Springfield, this zjth day of May, in the year 
 
 Yp %( of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, and of the 
 
 Independence of the United States the ninety-eighth. 
 
 *f 
 
 ■* 
 
 (Signed). 
 
 George H. Harlow, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
State tdj |fHmm$, 
 
 COOK COUNTY. 
 
 ss. 
 
 We, the undersigned, being citizens of the United States, desiring to 
 form an Association, not for pecuniary profit, pursuant to an Act of the 
 General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act concerning 
 Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, do hereby certify that the following 
 is a true statement of the name or title by which such Association shall be 
 known in law; the particular business and object for which it is formed; 
 the number of its managers, and the names of the same selected for the first 
 year of its existence, viz : 
 
 1. Name or title : " The Chicago Bar Association." 
 
 2. Particular business and object is, to establish and maintain the honor 
 and dignity of the profession of the law, to cultivate social intercourse among 
 its members, and to increase its usefulness in promoting the due administra- 
 tion of justice. 
 
 3. Number of Managers, Thirteen (13). 
 
 4. Names of the Managers selected for the first year : 
 
 William C, Goudy. Lyman Trumbull. 
 
 Thomas Hoyne. A. M. Pence. 
 
 Wirt Dexter. Edwin C. Larned. 
 
 Stephen A. Goodwin. Ezra B. McCagg. 
 
 Murray F. Tuley. Wm. P. Black. 
 
 Charles M. Hardy. Wm. H. Barnum. 
 Ira Scott. 
 
 5. Location, Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 (Signed), Charles M. Sturges. 
 
 James P. Root. 
 C. B. Lawrence. 
 Charles Hitchcock. 
 Robert T. Lincoln. 
 Ira O. Wilkinson. 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS, I 
 Cook County. j s " 
 
 I, W. O. Robinson, a Notary Public in and for said County, in the State of Illinois, do 
 hereby certify that C. B. Lawrence, Charles Hitchcock, Robert T. Lincoln, Ira O. Wilkin- 
 son, James P. Root, and Charles M. Sturges, personally known to me as the same persons 
 whose names are subscribed to the foregoing Certificate, appeared before me this day in 
 person, and severally acknowledged that they signed said Certificate in writing for the pur- 
 poses and uses therein set forth. 
 
 Given under my hand and notarial seal, this 22d day of May, A. D. 1874. 
 
 [Notarial Seal.] W. O. ROBINSON, 
 
 Notary Public. 
 
BY-LAWS 
 
 The (Chicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 i. 
 
 The Association shall be called " The Chicago Bar Asso- 
 ciation." 
 
 II. 
 
 The Association is established to maintain the honor and 
 dignity of the profession of the law, to cultivate social inter- 
 course among its members, and to increase its usefulness in 
 promoting the due administration of justice. 
 
 III. 
 
 Section i. The members of the legal profession practicing 
 in the City of Chicago, whose names appear on the roll at the 
 end hereof, are hereby declared to be members of this Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 Any member of the profession, in good standing, practicing 
 in the City of Chicago, may become a member by vote of the 
 Association, on recommendation of the Committee on Admis- 
 sion, as hereinafter provided, and on subscribing the said Roll 
 and paying the admission fee. 
 
All Judges of Courts of Record in Illinois, and all members 
 of the profession of the State of Illinois, in good standing, not 
 practicing in the City of Chicago, may, in like manner, become 
 members of the Association, having all the privileges of the 
 same, except that of voting. 
 
 Section 2. The Committee on Admission shall have power 
 to make such regulations in relation to proposals for member- 
 ship, and notice thereof, as they may, from time to time, deem 
 needful, subject to alteration and revision, from time to time, 
 by the Association. 
 
 Candidates against whom there shall be a negative vote in 
 the Committee, shall not be recommended for admission. Upon 
 being recommended, the report of the Committee shall be laid 
 over until the next meeting, at which time a vote by ballot 
 shall be taken in the Association, and one negative vote in 
 every five of those present shall exclude the candidate, and the 
 candidate so excluded shall not again be presented for mem- 
 bership within six months thereafter. 
 
 IV. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 The officers of the Association shall be a President, two 
 Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Board of Managers 
 of nine members, of which the President, Vice-Presidents and 
 Secretary shall, ex-officio, be additional members, and a Com- 
 mittee on Admissions, to consist of nine members. The 
 Officers, after the first election hereunder, shall be elected at 
 the annual meeting, to be held on the second Saturday of 
 January in each year hereafter. 
 
 The Board of Managers and the Committee on Admissions 
 first chosen under the By-Laws, shall divide themselves into 
 
three classes of equal numbers each. The first class of each 
 Committee shall hold office for three years ; the second class 
 two years ; the third class one year; and thereafter, each annual 
 election shall be for three members of the Board of Managers, 
 and three members of the Committee on Admissions, to hold 
 office three years, and for such additional number, if any, to 
 fill vacancies, to hold office during the remainder of the terms 
 of the members whose places they fill. The number of the 
 foregoing committees may be diminished or increased at any 
 annual meeting, by a vote of the Association. 
 
 V. 
 
 The Board of Managers shall manage the affairs of the 
 Association, subject to the By-Laws, and they shall provide a 
 permanent place for the use of the Association. 
 
 VI. 
 
 MEETINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 There shall be an annual meeting of the Association on the 
 second Saturday in January of each year, and such stated and 
 other meetings as shall be provided in the By-Laws. 
 
 VII. 
 
 ADMISSION FEE.* 
 
 The admission fee shall, in all cases, be fifteen dollars, to be 
 paid on signing the roll of members, and no member shall be 
 subject to annual dues during the current year of his admission. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Any member of the Association may be suspended or 
 
 * As Amended April 6, 1878. 
 
expelled for misconduct in his relations to this Association, or 
 in his profession, on conviction thereof, in such manner as may 
 be prescribed by the By-Laws, and all interest in the property 
 of the Association of persons resigning, or otherwise ceasing 
 to be members, shall vest in the Association. 
 
 IX. 
 
 All elections shall be by ballot. The officers elected shall 
 enter upon their duties immediately upon their election, and 
 shall hold office until their successors are elected or appointed. 
 
 In case of a vacancy in any office, it shall be filled by 
 appointment of the Board of Managers until the annual elec- 
 tion, except in the case of a vacancy occurring in the office of 
 President, which shall be filled by the Association, at its first 
 stated meeting, occurring more than ten days after the happen- 
 ing of such vacancy. 
 
 X. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
 
 The President shall preside at all meetings of the Associa- 
 tion, and in case of his absence, any one of the Vice-Presidents, 
 who shall be chosen without ballot, shall preside. 
 
 XI. 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of all 
 meetings, and of all other matters of which a record shall be 
 deemed advisable by the Association. 
 
 He shall notify the officers and members of their election, 
 and shall keep a roll of the members, and shall issue notices of 
 
all meetings, and shall conduct the correspondence of the 
 Association, with the concurrence of the President. 
 
 * When any names of candidates for admission shall be 
 reported favorably to the Association by the Committee on 
 Admissions, it shall be the duty of the Secretary to forthwith 
 prepare and mail to each member of the Association printed 
 slips containing names of such candidates, and the date of 
 meeting upon which they are to be voted. 
 
 XII. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 The Treasurer shall collect, and, under the direction of the 
 Board of Managers, disburse all funds of the Association; he 
 shall report annually, or oftener if required ; he shall keep 
 regular accounts, which shall be, at all times, open to the 
 inspection of any member of the Board of Managers ; his 
 accounts shall be audited by a Committee of three members of 
 the Association, to be elected by ballot at the stated meeting 
 preceding the annual meeting in each year. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. 
 
 The Board of Managers shall meet at least once a month, 
 except in July, August and September. They shall have power 
 to make such regulations (not inconsistent with the By-Laws), 
 as shall be necessary for the protection of the property of the 
 Association, and for the preservation of good order in the 
 conduct of its affairs. 
 
 They shall keep a record of their proceedings, which shall 
 
 * Amendment, adopted March 6, 1875. 
 
be read at the ensuing meeting of the Association; and it shall 
 be their duty to present business for the action of the Associa- 
 tion ; they shall have no power to make the Association liable 
 for any debts amounting to more than half of the amount in 
 the Treasurer's hands, in cash, and not subject to prior liabili- 
 ties; nor shall they have power to make any contract binding, 
 personally, upon members of the Association. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 There shall be stated meetings of the Association held on 
 the first Saturday of every month, except the month of Jan- 
 uary, when the annual meeting takes place, and the months of 
 July, August, and September, unless otherwise ordered by the 
 Board of Managers. At these stated meetings, and at any 
 regular adjourned meeting thereof, all the powers of the Asso- 
 ciation may be exercised. 
 
 Special meetings may be called at any time by the Board of 
 Managers, or such special meetings shall be called by the Sec- 
 retary, upon the written request of ten members of the 
 Association. At such special meetings no business shall be 
 transacted except such as shall be specified in the call thereof. 
 
 The presence of twenty members shall be necessary to con- 
 stitute a quorum at any meeting of the Association, which 
 number may be increased or diminished by any subsequent 
 By-Law. 
 
 XV. 
 
 The annual dues shall be fixed and assessed at the annual 
 meetings hereafter, and shall be collectible forthwith, and any 
 member in default after thirty days' notice, shall cease to be a 
 member, unless excused by the Board of Managers. 
 
THE CHICAGO BAR ASSOCIATION. II 
 
 * When any person has ceased to be a member of the Asso- 
 ciation because of a failure to pay dues, he may be reinstated 
 by the Board of Managers in their discretion, upon the pay- 
 ment of all dues. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 At each stated meeting of the Association the order of busi- 
 ness shall be as follows: 
 
 i. Reading of minutes of preceding meeting. 
 
 2. Reading of minutes of Board of Managers. 
 
 3. Report of Board of Managers. 
 
 4. Report of Treasurer. 
 
 5. Report of Committee on Admissions. 
 
 6. Election. 
 
 7. Report of Committee on Amendment of the Law. 
 
 8. Report of Judiciary Committee. 
 
 9. Report of Committee on Grievances. 
 
 10. Report of Committee on Legal Education. 
 
 11. Report of Committee on Inquiry. 
 
 12. Report of Special Committees. 
 
 13. Miscellaneous Business. 
 
 This order of business may be changed by a vote of the 
 majority of the members present. 
 
 The usual parliamentary rules and orders, otherwise than as 
 herein provided, shall govern all meetings of the Association. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 If any person elected does not, within one month after notice 
 of his election, signify his acceptance by signing the Roll, and 
 payment of his admission fee, he shall be deemed to have 
 declined to become a member. 
 
 * As amended May 5, 1877. 
 
XVIII. 
 
 There shall be the- following Standing Committees : 
 
 (a.) A Committee on the Amendment of the Law, which 
 shall be charged with the duty of attention to all proposed 
 changes in the law, and of recommending such as, in their 
 opinion, may be entitled to the favorable influence of this 
 Association. 
 
 (b.) A Judiciary Committee, which shall be charged with 
 the duty of the observation of the working of our judicial sys- 
 tem, the collection of information, the entertaining and 
 examination of projects for a change or reform in the system, 
 and of recommending, from time to time, to the Association, 
 such action as they may deem expedient. 
 
 (<r.) A Committee on Grievances, which shall be charged 
 with the hearing of all complaints against members of the 
 Association, and also all complaints which may be made in 
 matters affecting the interests of the legal profession and the 
 practice of the law, and the administration of justice, and to 
 report the same to this Association, with such recommendation 
 as they may deem advisable. 
 
 (d.) A Committee on Legal Education, which shall be 
 charged with the duty of examining and reporting what 
 changes it is expedient to propose in the system of legal edu- 
 cation, and of admission to the practice of the profession in 
 the State of Illinois. 
 
 (<?.) * A Committee of Inquiry, consisting of three members, 
 which shall be charged with the duty of investigating all mis- 
 demeanors and every breach of professional conduct on the 
 part of any member of the Bar practicing the profession of the" 
 law in the city of Chicago; and also of investigating any 
 
 * As amended February 3, 1877. 
 
improper conduct of any officer or person engaged in the 
 administration of justice in said city, which conduct shall, in 
 the opinion of such Committee, tend to the obstruction of 
 justice; and also of investigating any abuses which now or 
 shall hereafter exist in the administration of justice in said 
 city. Said Committee shall take testimony and bring any such 
 matters either before the Committee on Grievances or before 
 the Association, with such report or recommendation as the 
 members of such Committee shall deem proper. 
 
 And it shall be the duty of such Committee, either on com- - 
 plaint made to them or on hearing of any such misdemeanor, 
 improper conduct or abuses, to investigate and report upon the 
 same of their own motion. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 Each of the Committees named in the foregoing By-Law 
 shall be a Committee of five, and shall be appointed annually 
 by the President of the Association, and shall continue in 
 office until the annual meeting of the Association next after 
 their appointment, and until their successors are appointed, 
 with power to fill vacancies, and to adopt rules for their own 
 government. 
 
 Any Standing Committee may, by rule, provide that three 
 successive absences from the meetings of the Committee, unex- 
 cused, shall be deemed a resignation of the member so absent,. 
 of his place upon the Committee. 
 
 Any Standing Committee of the Association may, by rule, 
 impose upon its members a fine for non-attendance, and when 
 collected, to be paid into the Treasury. 
 
 * Every Committee shall render a report upon all subject 
 matter referred, as often as once every three months. 
 
 * Amendment adopted February 13, 1875. 
 
XX. 
 
 Whenever any complaint shall be preferred against a mem- 
 ber of the Association, for misconduct in his relation to this 
 Association, or in his profession, the member or members pre- 
 ferring such complaint, shall present it to the Committee on 
 Grievances, in writing, and subscribed by him or them, plainly 
 stating the matter complained of, with particulars of time, 
 place, and circumstances, whereupon the Committee shall pro- 
 ceed to examine into the matter, under such regulations as 
 they may, from time to time, adopt. And after arriving at a 
 conclusion, they shall report the same, together with the evi- 
 dence in the case, to the Association, and thereupon the Associ- 
 ation shall take such steps in the matter as it may think proper. 
 
 And it shall be the duty of said Committee on Grievances 
 to take notice of unprofessional conduct of members of the 
 Bar practicing in the city of Chicago, who are not members of 
 the Association. 
 
 And if after investigation, said Committee deem such con- 
 duct worthy of censure, they shall so report to the Association, 
 and thereupon the Association shall take such steps as it shall 
 deem proper ; and if the Association shall conclude that any 
 lawyer, whether a member or non-member of this Association, 
 should be presented to the Supreme Court, to be dealt with on 
 account of such misconduct, then the Association shall appoint 
 a Committee to prosecute such member of the profession, 
 before the Supreme Court. The Judges of the Courts ot 
 Record in the City of Chicago have a standing request from 
 this Association, to call the attention of such Committee on 
 Grievances to any unprofessional conduct on the part of any 
 member of the profession practicing in the Courts in the City 
 of Chicago. 
 
XXI. 
 
 These By-Laws may be amended at any stated meeting of 
 the Association, by a vote of two-thirds of those present, pro- 
 vided that ten days' notice, in writing, of the proposed amend- 
 ment, subscribed by ten members, be given at a previous 
 meeting. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 These By-Laws shall go into immediate effect, and an elec- 
 tion of Officers and Committees herein provided for shall 
 forthwith be had, except the Board of Managers. All Officers 
 and Committees shall hold their offices until their successors 
 are chosen. 
 
JOULES OF THE (^OMMITTEE ON yY DMISSI0NS - 
 
 The Committee on Admissions have adopted the following 
 regulations in relation to proposals for membership : 
 
 t. No person will be hereafter recommended for member- 
 ship by the Committee on Admissions, unless a written 
 application for his admission shall have been made to the 
 Committee, subscribed by a member of the Association, setting 
 forth the name of the person proposed, his place of residence, 
 whether he is or not engaged in the practice of the law, and of 
 good standing in the profession; and such nomination must be 
 indorsed or seconded by two other members of the Association. 
 
 2. The Committee on Admissions will report their action 
 upon the names submitted, in those cases only where they 
 shall agree in recommending the admission of the candidate ; 
 and all recommendations by the Committee will be made in 
 writing, at a stated meeting of the Association, and be signed 
 by the members concurring therein. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 The (Chicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1874. 
 
 President : 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 LYMAN TRUMBULL. THOMAS HOYNE. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 WIRT DEXTER. EDWIN C. LARNED. 
 
 STEPHEN A. GOODWIN. EZRA B. McCAGG. 
 
 MURRAY F. TULEY. WM. P. BLACK. 
 
 CHAS. M. HARDY. WM. H. BARNUM. 
 
 IRA SCOTT. 
 
 Secretary : 
 ABRAM M. PENCE. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 
 Committee on Admission : 
 
 BENJ. F. AYER. 
 WM. H. KING. 
 ROBERT HERVEY. 
 GEORGE W. SMITH. 
 
 THOMAS A. MORAN. 
 
 LEONARD SWETT. 
 SIDNEY SMITH. 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER. 
 JOHN S. COOPER. 
 
 Standing Committees : 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 CLARK W. UPTON. 
 ELLIOTT ANTHONY. 
 RICHARD S. THOMPSON. 
 SAMUEL K. DOW T . 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES. 
 
 GRANT GOODRICH. 
 JOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 T. LYLE DICKEY. 
 EDWARD A. SMALL. 
 ISRAEL N. STILES. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 CHARLES B. LAWRENCE. 
 CHARLES HITCHCOCK. 
 IRA O. WILKINSON. 
 ROBERT T. LINCOLN. 
 CHARLES M. STURGES. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 JAMES R. DOOLITTLE. 
 HENRY G. MILLER. 
 JULIUS ROSENTHAL. 
 JOSEPH A. SLEEPER. 
 HENRY I. SHELDON. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 T HE Chicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1875. 
 
 President : 
 BENJAMIN F. AYER. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 CHARLES B. LAWRENCE. ABRAM M. PENCE. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 MURRAY F. TULEY. EZRA B. McCAGG. 
 
 EDWIN C. LARNED. IRA SCOTT. 
 
 WM. P. BLACK. WM. H. BARNUM. 
 
 NORMAN WILLIAMS. CHARLES M. STURGES. 
 
 JOSEPH E. LOCKWOOD. 
 
 Secretary : 
 HUNTINGTON W.JACKSON. 
 
 Treasurer: 
 JOHN H. S. QUICK. 
 
 Committee on Admission : 
 
 ROBERT HERVEY. 
 WM. H. KING. 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER. 
 BENJAMIN D. MAGRUDER 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 SIDNEY SMITH. 
 GEORGE W. SMITH. 
 THOMAS A. MORAN. 
 JOPIN P. WILSON. 
 
 Standing Committees , 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY. 
 WIRT DEXTER. 
 LEONARD SWETT.'" 
 JAMES P. ROOT. 
 THOMAS G. FROST. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES. 
 
 JOHN S. COOPER. 
 OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 ISRAEL N, STILES. 
 W. IRVING CULVER. 
 WILLIAM VOCKE. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 CHARLES HITCHCOCK. 
 THOMAS F. WITHROW. 
 DANIEL L. SHOREY. 
 JOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 THOMAS I-IOYNE. 
 JULIUS ROSENTHAL. 
 S. CORNING JUDD. 
 ROBERT T. LINCOLN. 
 JAMES L. HIGH. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 The C hicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1876. 
 
 WIRT DEXTER. 
 
 President ; 
 EZRA B. McCAGG. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 
 THOMAS DENT. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 BENJAMIN F. AYER. KIRK HAWES. 
 
 STEPHEN A. GOODWIN. IRA SCOTT. 
 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY. HENRY W. BISHOP. 
 
 NORMAN WILLIAMS. CHARLES M. STURGES. 
 
 JOSEPH E. LOCKWOOD. 
 
 Secretary : 
 FREDERIC ULLMANN. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 JOHN H. S. QUICK. 
 
 Committee on Admission : 
 
 ROBERT HERVEY. GEORGE GARDNER. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KING. EDWIN WALKER. 
 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER. FRANK J. CRAWFORD. 
 
 BENJAMIN D. MAGRUDER. JOHN P. WILSON. 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 Standing Committees 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 LYMAN TRUMBULL. 
 WILLIAM P. BLACK. 
 GEORGE O. IDE. 
 EDWARD A. SMALL. 
 JAMES S. NORTON. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES. 
 
 JAMES L. HIGH. 
 ABRAM M. PENCE. 
 GWYNN GARNETT. 
 EDWARD G. MASON. 
 CHARLES T. ADAMS. 
 
 JUDICIARY, 
 
 CHARLES B. LAWRENCE. 
 CHARLES H. WOOD. 
 EDWARD S. ISHAM. 
 GEORGE F. BAILEY. 
 HENRY K. WHITON. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 JAMES R. DOOLITTLE. 
 GEORGE L. PADDOCK. 
 HENRY I. SHELDON. 
 CHARLES A. DUrEE. 
 FRANCIS LACKNER. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 "he Chicago B ar A SS0CIATI01sr 
 
 FOR 1877. 
 
 President : 
 JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 GEORGE W. SMITH. JAMES L. HIGH. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 BENJAMIN F. AYER. 
 EZRA B. McCAGG. 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY. 
 NORMAN WILLIAMS. 
 
 WILLIAM C. GRANT. 
 GEORGE E. ADAMS. 
 HENRY W. BISHOP. 
 CHARLES M. STURGES. 
 
 JAMES S. NORTON. 
 
 Secretary : 
 FREDERIC ULLMANN. 
 
 Treasurer ; 
 JOHN H. S. QUICK. 
 
 Committee on Admission : 
 
 BENJAMIN D. MAGRUDER. JOHN P. WILSON. 
 
 GEORGE GARDNER. ABRAM M. PENCE. 
 
 EDWIN WALKER. ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 FRANK J. CRAWFORD. OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 
 HUNTINGTON W. JACKSON. 
 
 St a ndiug Com m it tees 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KING. 
 GEORGE GARDNER. 
 EDWARD G. MASON. 
 JOSEPH B. LEAKE. 
 JOSEPH E. SMITH. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES,- 
 
 EPHRAIM A. OTIS. 
 GEORGE WILLARD. 
 DANIEL J. SCHUYLER. 
 JOHN J. KNICKERBOCKER 
 W.' IRVING CULVER. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 WIRT DEXTER. 
 THOMAS DENT. 
 BENJAMIN D. MAGRUDER. 
 THOMAS A. MORAN. 
 GEORGE L. PADDOCK. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 ISAAC G. WILSON. 
 TOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 JULIUS ROSENTHAL. 
 W. ELIOT FURNESS. 
 ORRIN SKINNER. 
 
 OF INQUIRY : 
 
 JOHN S. COOPER. ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 HENRY I. SHELDON. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 f he Chicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1878 
 
 WILLIAM H. KING. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. AVER. 
 EZRA B. McCAGG. 
 WILLIAM C. GOUDY. 
 WILLIAM C. GRANT. 
 
 President : 
 WIRT DEXTER. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 Board of Managers . 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 JOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 
 GEORGE E. ADAMS. 
 HENRY W. BISHOP. 
 ISRAEL N. STILES. 
 JAMES L. HIGH. 
 
 Secretary : 
 HENRY I. SHELDON. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 FARLIN Q. BALL. . 
 
 Committee on Admission : 
 
 GEORGE GARDNER. HUNTINGTON W. JACKSON. 
 
 EDWIN WALKER. OLIVER H, HORTON. 
 
 FRANK J. CRAWFORD. IRA O. WILKINSON. 
 
 ABRAM M. PENCE. JOSEPH E. SMITH. 
 
 W. IRVING CULVER. 
 
 Standing Cojnmittees 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 LYMAN TRUMBULL. 
 THOMAS F. WITHROW. 
 EDWARD S. ISHAM. 
 EDWARD G. MASON. 
 JOSEPH E.SMITH. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES. 
 
 EPHRAIM A. OTIS. 
 W. IRVING CULVER. 
 CHARLES M. STURGES. 
 WILLIAM H. BARNUM. 
 WILLIAM P. BLACK. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 EDWIN C. LARNED. 
 BENJAMIN D. MAGRUDER, 
 TliOMAS A. MORAN. 
 OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 ISAAC G. WILSON. 
 HENRY STRONG. 
 MURRAY F. TULEY. 
 WILLIAM R. PAGE. 
 ARTHUR J. CATON. 
 
 OF INQUIRY. 
 
 JOHN S. COOPER. JAMES S. NORTON. 
 
 JOHN J. KNICKERBOCKER. 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 "he C hicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1879. 
 
 President : 
 WILLIAM H. KING. 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER. ISRAEL N. STILES. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 EZRA B. McCAGG. WILLIAM C. GRANT. 
 
 GEORGE E. ADAMS. JAMES L. HIGH. 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. GEORGE W. SMITH. 
 
 ROBERT T. LINCOLN. WIRT DEXTER. 
 
 JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 
 Secretary : 
 HOLDRIDGE O. COLLINS. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 FARLIN Q. BALL. 
 
 Committee on Admission. 
 
 ABRAM M. PENCE. OLIVER H. HORTON. 
 
 HUNTINGTON W. JACKSON. IRA O. WILKINSON. 
 
 JOSEPH E. SMITH. W. IRVING CULVER. 
 
 GEORGE GARDNER. FRANK J. CRAWFORD. 
 
 EDWIN WALKER. 
 
 Standing Committees 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. 
 
 HENRY G. MILLER. 
 ELLIOTT ANTHONY. 
 JAMES B. BRADWELL. 
 HARVEY B. HURD. 
 WILLIAM VOCKE. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES. 
 
 JOHN L. THOMPSON. 
 GEORGE L. PADDOCK. 
 FRANCIS H. KALES. 
 FREDERIC ULLMANN. 
 GEORGE A. FOLLANSBEE. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 ALEXANDER McCOY. 
 CHARLES M. HARDY. 
 THOMAS DENT. 
 JOHN LYLE KING. 
 JOHN C. BARKER. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 JOHN C. RICHBERG. 
 JOHN I. BENNETT. 
 THOMAS M. HOYNE. 
 WILLIAM J. ENGLISH. 
 JAMES R. DOOLITTLE, Jr. 
 
 OF INQUIRY : 
 
 S. CORNING JUDD. FREDERICK W. PACKARD. 
 
 JOHN P. WILSON. 
 
I ROLL OF 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Abercrombie, Otis P. 
 
 Butler, Walter 
 
 * Adams, Charles T. 
 
 Boyeson, Ingolf K. 
 
 Adams, George E. 
 
 Campbell, George C. 
 
 Ahrens, John P. 
 
 Carter, Leslie 
 
 Aldis, Owen F. 
 
 Caruthers, Malcom 
 
 Allen, Chas. L. 
 
 Caton, Arthur J. 
 
 Allen, Egbert F. 
 
 Chandler, George 
 
 Anthony, Elliott 
 
 *Chase, Hiram M. 
 
 Avery, Daniel J. 
 
 *Clarkson, Joseph P. 
 
 Ayer, Benjamin F. 
 
 Collins, Holdridge 0. 
 
 Bacon, Roswell B. 
 
 Comstock, Edward F. 
 
 Baker, Frank 
 
 Condee, Leander D. 
 
 Bailey, George F. 
 
 Cook, Burton C. 
 
 Ball, Farlin Q. 
 
 Cooper, John S. 
 
 Barber, Hiram 
 
 Crawford, Frank J. 
 
 Barker, John C. 
 
 Culver, W. Irving 
 
 Barnum, Wm. H. 
 
 De Lany, Martin A. 
 
 Bennett, John I. 
 
 Dennison, Franklin 
 
 Bisbee, Lewis H. 
 
 Dent, Thomas 
 
 Bishop, FIenry W. 
 
 Dexter, Wirt 
 
 Black, William P. 
 
 fDlCKEY, T. Lyle, 
 
 Blackman, Daniel 
 
 Doolittle, James R., Jr. 
 
 Blanke, George F. 
 
 Dupee, Charles A, 
 
 Bond, Lester L. 
 
 Durkee, Richard P. H. 
 
 Bonney, Chas. C. 
 
 English, William J. 
 
 Borden, John 
 
 Everett, Wm. S. 
 
 Boutell, Lewis H. 
 
 Ewing, Adlai T. 
 
 Boyce, Frank L. 
 
 Flower, James M. 
 
 Brackett, Wm. S. 
 
 FOLLANSBEE, GEORGE A. 
 
 Bradley, Fordyce G. 
 
 Freeman, Henry V. 
 
 Bradwell, Jas. B. 
 
 Frost, Thomas G. 
 
 Brainard, Edwin 
 
 Fuller, Melville W. 
 
 Brawley, Francis W. S. 
 
 Furness, Wm. Eliot 
 
 Brown, Edward 0. 
 
 Fry, George C. 
 
 Brown, Stephen F. 
 
 Galt, Azariah T. 
 
 Burch, Hugh T. 
 
 Gardner, George 
 
 *Butler, Charles F. 
 
 Gary, Elbert H. 
 
 *Deceased. 
 
 ^Elected Judge Supreme Court. 
 
24 ROLL OF MEMBERS OF 
 
 Gary, Noah E. 
 
 Knickerbocker, John J. 
 
 Glover, Joseph 0. 
 
 Knight, Clarence 
 
 Goggin, James 
 
 Kretzinger, George W. 
 
 Goodrich, Grant 
 
 Kohlsaat, Christian C. 
 
 Goodwin, Stephen A. 
 
 Lackner, Francis 
 
 Goudy, William C. 
 
 Larned, Edwin C. 
 
 Grant, William C. 
 
 Larned, Walter C. 
 
 ! Gregory, Chas. A. 
 
 Lawrence, Chas. B. 
 
 Gridley, Nelson C. 
 
 Lawrence, Chas. H. 
 
 1 Grover, Thomas W. 
 
 Leake, Joseph B. 
 
 Hall, Winchester 
 
 Leman, Henry W. 
 
 Hardin, Martin D. 
 
 Lewis, Martin 0. 
 
 Harding, George F. 
 
 Lincoln, Robt. T. 
 
 Hardy, Charles M. 
 
 *Lockwood, Joseph E. 
 
 Hawes, Kirk 
 
 Luff, Wm. M. 
 
 Herbert, George 
 
 Lyman, David B. 
 
 Herrick, John J. 
 
 Magruder, Benjamin D. 
 
 Hervey, Robert 
 
 Marsh, John W. 
 
 High, James L. 
 
 Mason, Alfred B. 
 
 Hitchcock, Charles 
 
 Mason, Edward G. 
 
 Hodges, Lathrop S. 
 
 Mason, Henry B. 
 
 * Hopkins, William 
 
 McCagg, Ezra B. 
 
 Horton, Oliver H. 
 
 McClellan, John J. 
 
 Hoyne, Thomas 
 
 McClelland, Thomas S. 
 
 Hoyne, Thomas M. 
 
 McCoy, Alexander 
 
 Hurd, Harvey B. 
 
 McKindley, Wm. M. 
 
 Hutchinson, Otis K. A. 
 
 Miller, Henry G. 
 
 Ide, George 0. 
 
 Monroe, Henry S. 
 
 I sham, Edward S. 
 
 Montgomery, Wm. A. 
 
 Jackson, Dwight W. 
 
 Moran, Thomas A. 
 
 Jackson, Huntington W. 
 
 Morris, John 
 
 Jenkins, Robt. E. 
 
 Moses, Adolph 
 
 Jenks, Anson B. 
 
 Murray, James S. 
 
 Jewett, John N. 
 
 Nissen, Lawrence J. J. 
 
 J Johnson, Frank A. 
 
 Norton, James S. 
 
 Johnston, John, Jr. 
 
 Noyes, John T. 
 
 Judah, Noble B. 
 
 Oleson, Ingwell 
 
 Judd, S. Corning 
 
 Otis, Ephraim A. 
 
 Kales, Francis H. 
 
 Packard, Frederick W. 
 
 King, John Lyle 
 
 Packard, Samuel W. 
 
 King, Wm. H. 
 
 Paddock, George L. 
 
 •f Knickerbocker, Joshua C 
 
 Page, William R. 
 
 * Deceased. t Electt 
 
 :d Judge of Probate Court. 
 
THE CHICAGO BAR ASSOCIATION. 25 
 
 Palmer, Louis L. 
 
 Swett, Leonard 
 
 Pence, Aeram M. 
 
 Swift, Wm. H. 
 
 Pope, Chas. E. 
 
 Thompson, John L. 
 
 Proudfoot, Lawrence 
 
 Towle, PIenry S. 
 
 Quick, John H. S. 
 
 Towne, Chas. E. 
 
 Quigg, David 
 
 Tripp, Arnold 
 
 Reed, Chas. H. 
 
 Trumbull, Lyman 
 
 Rubens, Harry 
 
 Trumbull, Perry 
 
 Ricaby, Richard W. 
 
 Tuley, Murray F. 
 
 Richberg, John C. 
 
 Tuthill, Richard S. 
 
 Riddle, Francis A. 
 
 Ullmann, Frederic 
 
 Roberts, James H. 
 
 *Upton, Clark W. 
 
 Roberts, R. Biddle 
 
 Van Schaack, Cornelius 
 
 Robinson Michael W. 
 
 Veeder, Albert H. 
 
 Rosenthal, Julius 
 
 Vocke, William 
 
 Roundtree, John M. 
 
 Waite, Horace F. 
 
 Ryerson, Arthur 
 
 Waite, Horatio L. 
 
 Schintz, Theodore 
 
 Walker, Edwin 
 
 Schuyler, Daniel J. 
 
 Walker, James M. 
 
 Scott, Ira 
 
 Waller, Henry 
 
 Sears, Nathaniel C. 
 
 Washburne, PIempstead 
 
 Sheldon, Henry I. 
 
 Waterman, Arba N. 
 
 Sherman, Elijah B. 
 
 Waterman, Richard 
 
 Skinner, Orrin 
 
 White, Hugh A. 
 
 Sleeper, Joseph A. 
 
 Whitehouse, W t m. F. 
 
 Small, Edward A. 
 
 Whiteside, Thomas C. 
 
 Smith, Abner 
 
 Whiton, Henry K. 
 
 Smith, George W. 
 
 Wilkinson, Ira 0. 
 
 ; Smith, Joseph E. 
 
 Willard, George 
 
 Smith, Robert W. 
 
 Williams, Norman 
 
 Snowhook, Wm. B. 
 
 Wilson, Benjamin M. 
 
 j Stein, Phillip 
 
 Wilson, Isaac G. 
 
 j Stiles, Israel N. 
 
 Wilson, John P. 
 
 ! Strong, Henry 
 
 Winston, Frederick S. 
 
 Sturges, Chas. M. 
 
 Withrow, Thomas F. 
 
 : * Elected Judge of Circuit 
 
 Court of Lake County. 
 
REPORT 
 
 Revenue System 
 
 i llinoi s, 
 
 Hon. Elliott Anthony. 
 
pHE (Chicago B ar A ssociation - 
 
 At a regular meeting of The Chicago Bar Association 
 held March 1, 1879, the Hon. Elliott Anthony presented 
 a report from a special committee of the Association, 
 which had been appointed to investigate the Revenue 
 System and Revenue Laws of Illinois, which was unani- 
 mously adopted, and five hundred copies were ordered to 
 be printed and a copy of the same to be sent to each 
 member of the General Assembly and State officers. 
 
 Hon. Wm. C. Goudy then offered the following pre- 
 amble and resolution which was adopted : 
 
 Whereas, there is great dissatisfaction with the present Revenue laws 
 and a general demand for a complete revision, and, while the ability of the 
 members of the legislature to supply proper relief is fully admitted, yet the 
 pressure of public duties is too great to allow a mature consideration of the 
 subject in the brief time usually given for a session, 
 
 Resolved, That a commission ought to be appointed, composed of men of 
 experience from all classes of tax-payers, to prepare a complete system, to 
 be submitted to an adjourned session of the legislature. 
 
 In accordance with the direction of the Association, 
 the Secretary has the honor to transmit herewith to 
 the members of the Legislature of Illinois a copy of the 
 report of Mr. Anthony, and the action of the Associa- 
 tion thereon. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 Holdridge O. Collins, 
 Secretary. 
 
The Special Committee of the Bar Association, which 
 was appointed to investigate the Revenue System of this 
 State, and to report the results of their investigation to 
 this Association, beg leave to report : 
 
 That the Revenue System of the State of Illinois, is 
 substantially the one which has been in force since the 
 State was admitted into the Union in 1818. The system 
 was first incorporated into the constitution of 1848, and 
 was perpetuated in that of 1870. The great central idea 
 of the system is, that " taxes shall be levied by valuation, 
 " so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in 
 " proportion to the value of his, her, or its property, such 
 " value to be ascertained by some person or persons to be 
 44 elected or appointed in such manner as the General 
 " Assembly shall direct, and not otherwise." Sec. 1, 
 Art. IX, of the Constitution. 
 
 This idea of levying taxes according to valuation, is 
 supplemented by that of equality and uniformity, and 
 applies equally to personal as well as real property. 
 
 This system would, at first blush, seem to be based upon 
 correct principles, and ought to result in each and every 
 citizen of the commonwealth paying his proportionate 
 share of the public burdens ; but experience shows that 
 the distribution of taxes according to valuation seldom 
 produces either equalit}^ or uniformity, and often works 
 the greatest injustice, first: because the agents employed 
 to determine the value of property in different localities 
 either evade their duty for the purpose of throwing the 
 burden of taxation upon communities other than their 
 own, or because they are incompetent; and secondly: 
 because the taxes which are laid upon personal property 
 
are seldom collected, and in the end, all the taxes that are 
 lost or uncollected are saddled upon the real estate. In- 
 deed, as has been well said, " the great load of taxation is 
 packed upon real estate. There is 
 
 NO HIDING PL&CE 
 
 for this, no deduction on account of real estate debts, no 
 government bonds, no greenbacks or national currency in 
 hand, can cover it up until the assessors have passed by. 
 Real estate is always visible, and tangible, and so are the 
 structures thereon. Its earnings are not divided by semi- 
 annual dividends of three, five, six, or eight per cent., or 
 two and a half quarterly free of all taxes/' 
 
 Everywhere under the system of levying taxes accord- 
 ing to the valuation of property, real and personal, real 
 estate suffers. In the State of New York they have a sys- 
 tem of taxation, somewhat similar to our own, and almost 
 every Comptroller of that State, since 1849, up to the 
 present time, has called attention to the discrimination in 
 favor of personal property as against real estate. 
 
 In 1864, the Comptroller used this language : " It is 
 44 difficult to discover any valid reason why personal prop- 
 44 erty should enjoy the exemption that it does. It requires 
 " to a far greater extent than real estate, the protection 
 " of government and law, and causes much the largest 
 44 expense for police arrangement, and the administration 
 44 of justice. Why should it not pay its full share of such 
 " expense ? " 
 
 In 1877, the State assessors of that State, in their report 
 for that year, use this language : " In the city of Roches- 
 " ter, in 1876, the real estate was assessed at its full value, 
 "$53,895,997, and personal property only 11,970,500. 
 " The capital of the national banks in Rochester is, 
 " $1,150,000, and there is other incorporated capital in the 
 44 city subject to taxation. Now, deduct the capital of the 
 44 banks from the assessed value of the personal property, 
 
u and we have $825,000, for a city of 81,000 population, a 
 " fraction over $10 per capita. This is not the value of 
 "the bedsteads and beds upon which the people of that city 
 " sleep. No other illustration, its seems to us, is necessa- 
 " ry to show how almost hopeless it is to assess personal 
 " property liable to taxation, without some amendment of 
 " the law, and without so framing the oath (as we recom- 
 " mended in our last report) of any tax payer before any 
 " assessor or tax-commissioner, 4 that he has not made any 
 "debt or incurred any liabilities, or changed any security 
 " or investment, or done anything for the purpose of 
 " avoiding taxation,' and authorize the assessors to add 
 
 A PENALTY 
 
 u of fifty per cent to the valuation of any person attempt- 
 " ing to avoid taxation." 
 
 II. 
 
 The General Revenue Law of this State, was designed 
 to reach every species of property, and to allow nothing in 
 the shape of property to escape, whether real, personal or 
 mixed, and whether tangible or intangible, and whether 
 in esse, in posse, or in transitu. It is in many respects 
 harsh and oppressive, and is destitute of every benign 
 feature which characterizes the various Revenue Laws of 
 other civilized States. It is not favorable to manufactur- 
 ing corporations, and punishes with severe penalties all 
 wealth which may be added to the soil. It works great 
 hardship to the owner of unimproved and unproductive 
 lands, because if the assessor places even a moderate val- 
 uation upon the same, he will be sacrificed, unless he 
 possesses resources entirely outside of them, to meet the 
 demands made upon him. The great defect of our system 
 
of taxation, is that it imposes taxes upon real and personal 
 property only, and takes no account whatever of all other 
 sources of revenue. In this respect we ignore the experi- 
 ence of all countries and all nations who pretend to any 
 degree of enlightenment upon this subject. If a business 
 tax, or tax upon occupations, together with a graded 
 license system could be introduced in this State, the same 
 as exists in England, especially to raise a revenue to sup- 
 port and maintain local and municipal governments, then 
 the burdens of the citizen would be far more equally dis- 
 tributed than at present, results from the administration 
 of our tax laws. Some doubts have been expressed as to 
 whether a license system of this nature could be introduced 
 in this State, and which could be extended to every kind 
 of business or occupation now legally pursued; but our 
 Supreme Court has already decided the broad principle 
 that the power to tax includes the power to license, and 
 we are in favor of trying it. 
 
 Town of Carmel v. Wabash Co., 50 111. 71. 
 
 See also Wiggins v. City of Chicago, 68 111. 379. 
 
 We must discover other sources of revenue, or else real 
 estate, and especially 
 
 UNPRODUCTIVE REAL ESTATE, 
 
 will be confiscated every ten years, and the tenure of the 
 same become more uncertain than when the vassal under 
 the Feudal system, held at the will of his lord. 
 
 III. 
 
 No mercy is shown to the widow, who has had cast 
 upon her by death an interest in the lands of her hus- 
 band, but she must pay taxes upon the full value of the 
 land, or she will be guilty of permissive waste, although 
 
she has only a right of possession, and the reversion is in 
 the heirs of her deceased husband. There are numbers 
 of widows in this State to-day, who under the obligations 
 imposed upon them by the 45th section of the dower act 
 and the workings of the Revenue Law have been utterly 
 ruined. All unproductive real estate of orphans is sure 
 to be sacrificed unless they are left with ready cash to pay 
 taxes. In Massachusetts it is provided by statute that 
 " any portion of the estate of persons who, by reason of 
 age, infirmity, or poverty, are, in the judgment of the 
 assessors, unable to contribute fully toward the public 
 charges, may be exempt from taxation." In other States 
 a portion of property subject to execution is exempt, but 
 in this State there is no exemption of real or personal 
 property owned by an individual whatever, and not one 
 beneficent provision to relieve the burdens of either the 
 rich or poor. 
 
 IV. 
 
 In the older governments of Europe it has long 
 since been demonstrated that to place all of the burdens 
 upon real estate, without regard to the rental value, is 
 wrong and unjust, and has long since been abandoned. 
 There the system of licensing corporations, associations, 
 and taxes on trades, and all sorts of business and pro- 
 fessions, and income taxes, and stamp duties more uni- 
 versally prevails than in this country ; but here the reve- 
 nues of the State and municipal governments are raised 
 in an entirely different manner, and with the exception of 
 a limited license system, taxation is confined almost 
 wholly to real estate and personal property. Pennsyl- 
 vania is an example of the workings of a mixed system 
 of licensing, income taxes, taxes on dividends, and taxes 
 on emoluments of office and different classes of business. 
 
Most of the general revenues of that State are, however, 
 raised from the licensing of railroads and other corpora- 
 tions, and taxes on the dividends and incomes of corpora- 
 tions. So much has been said in regard to 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA REVENUE SYSTEM, 
 
 that we have taken special pains to inquire into it, and 
 we can not do better than to quote from the report of 
 Hon. David Wells, Dodge, and Cuyler, commissioners 
 appointed to investigate and report upon a revenue sys- 
 tem of New York in 1871. In referring to Pennsylvania, 
 they say that : The revenue of the State for State pur- 
 poses is derived mainly from the following sources: 1. 
 A tax of one-half of one mill on each one per cent of all 
 dividends which may be declared by the corporations of 
 the State, except banks, savings institutions, and foreign 
 insurance companies ; and in case that no dividends are 
 declared, then a tax of three mills on the valuation of the 
 stock. Building associations, plankroad and turnpike 
 companies are not liable to any tax, where no dividends 
 are declared. The receipts to the State treasury from 
 this source, for the year 1869, constituted the largest 
 single item of the State revenue, and amounted to 
 $1,037,172. 2. Taxes on tonnage carried over the lines 
 of the various transportation companies operating exclu- 
 sively within the State, viz. : two cents on the product of 
 mines, three on the product of forest and agriculture, and 
 five on manufactures and general merchandise. The 
 receipts from this source, for the year 1869, and certain 
 commutations of the same, amounted to $659,900. 3. 
 Taxes on personal property, which are made up mainly 
 of the following items : Money at interest, furniture, 
 horses and cattle, three-tenths of one per cent. ; pleasure 
 carriages, one per cent. ; gold watches, one dollar ; silver 
 watches, seventy-five cents ; other watches, fifty cents. 
 The inconsiderable nature of these taxes may be inferred 
 
8 
 
 from the circumstance that the whole revenue derived 
 from the same, for the year 1869, was $454,873. 4. A 
 tax of three-fourths of one per cent, on the gross receipts 
 of every transportation company of the State liable to 
 the payment of a tonnage tax. The income from this 
 source, in 1869, was $373,420. 5. A tax of five per cent, 
 on every dollar of interest paid by the corporations of the 
 State to its bondholders or creditors ; in lieu of which 
 the principal sums from the interest of which the said 
 tax is deducted, are 
 
 EXEMPT FKOM ASSESSMENT 
 
 and taxation for State purposes, as personal property. 
 The revenue from this source, for 1869, was $340,816. 6. 
 A tax of three per cent, on the annual net earnings of 
 every private banker, broker, incorporated banking and 
 savings institution, express company, and all other corpo- 
 rations of the State, except those paying a tonnage tax, 
 incorporated banks and insurance companies. The reve- 
 nue from this source, for 1869, was $310,895. 7. A 
 license tax of five hundred dollars per annum on every 
 foreign insurance company doing business in the State ; 
 and a tax of three per cent, on the entire amount of the 
 premiums or commissions received. The receipts from 
 this source, for 1869, were $226,226. 8. Taxes on the 
 enrollment of laws, by which it is to be understood a 
 taxation imposed on the enrollment of all acts of the 
 Legislature passed for the benefit of private parties, the 
 same varying from $1,000 on the incorporation of banks 
 with a capital of $1,000,000 ; two hundred dollars on the 
 incorporation of manufacturing, mining, or oil companies, 
 and one hundred dollars on transportation companies : 
 down to thirty-seven dollars for acts of di voice and mis- 
 cellaneous private bills for claims, relief, etc. The reve- 
 nue from this source, for the year 1869, was $21,000. 9. 
 Taxes on the emoluments of offices, bv which is to be 
 
9 
 
 understood a tax of two per cent, on so much of the 
 salary or emolument of offices of the State, or corpora- 
 tions created by the State, as is in excess of two hundred 
 dollars. The revenues from this source, for 1869, were 
 116,644. 10. Retailers' licenses, 1422,273. 11. Tavern 
 licenses, $289,555. 12. Other licenses, i. e., amusements, 
 peddlers, restaurants, etc., $ 69,800. 13. Taxes on collat- 
 eral inheritances, $227, 328. 14. Taxes on wills, writs, 
 and deeds, $99,000. 15. Auction duties and commissions, 
 $72,000 ; the sum total of State revenue, for the year 
 1869, from the above and a few other 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES, 
 
 being $5,096,679 ; as compared with $8,138,000, the State 
 revenue of New York from taxes for the corresponding 
 period ; or in respect to population, $186 7-10 per capita 
 in Pennsylvania, as compared with $186 2-10 per capita 
 in New York.'' 
 
 Since that report was made, we understand that a tax 
 of four cents per ton has been imposed upon all anthra- 
 cite coal, carried from any point within to any point with- 
 out that State in lieu of a tax on tonnage, which had 
 been declared unconstitutional. This applies only to 
 anthracite coal, of which they have a monopoly, and is 
 paid, of course, eventually, by the consumer. If the 
 Pennsylvania system should be applied to our railroad 
 corporations, and they were to pay a graded tax, in lieu 
 of all other taxes and assessments, the entire State taxes 
 would soon be met, and each municipal corporation would 
 then have to look after its own burdens and taxes. But 
 there is one thing that is very conspicuous in the State of 
 Pennsylvania, and that is the liberality with which it 
 treats manufacturing corporations. Their capital and 
 their products are scarcely touched by the hand of the 
 tax gatherer. If a similar liberal policy could be inaugu- 
 rated in this State, it would be of the greatest benefit to 
 
10 
 
 the whole people in furnishing home markets to the 
 farmer and producer. 
 
 We think that far greater fees should be charged by the 
 State for authorizing the formation of corporations for 
 pecuniary profit, and for corporations doing business in 
 other States or Territories, and for allowing foreign cor- 
 porations to do business in this State than is now required. 
 
 V. 
 
 If the present system shall be retained, it should be 
 amended in several important particulars. We see no 
 good whatever of valuing the entire real estate of the 
 State every year. Real estate does not change as a gen- 
 eral thing, but very little from year to year, and we are of 
 the opinion that a valuation should not take place but 
 once in every five years. It would be a great saving to 
 the people, and produce just as good results as under the 
 present system. This has been the law in Ohio and Vir- 
 ginia for many years. 
 
 VI. 
 
 We are of the opinion that a commissioner of taxes 
 should be elected for the period of four years in every 
 county in the State, who should have charge of the assess- 
 ment of all property, and that personal property should be 
 assessed annually, and collected as soon as the tax is laid. 
 Forty per cent, of all the personal property of the State 
 escapes taxation, by evasions, false returns, and no returns, 
 
11 
 
 and then a large percentage of the taxes which are levied 
 upon the same is lost by 
 
 DELAY IN COLLECTION, 
 
 by the death of the owners, by misfortunes, by failures 
 in business and removal. 
 
 VII. 
 
 We think that there is at the present time altogether 
 too much machinery made use of in levying and collect- 
 ing taxes, and that a great burden is imposed upon the 
 people for the books of assessors and collectors, and adver- 
 tising delinquent lists, and in obtaining judgment against 
 real estate. In this county we have ascertained that the 
 number of books now on hand is yearly augmented as fol- 
 lows : Assessors' books, 117, containing 150 pages each; 
 Collectors' warrants, 120, containing 175 pages each; 
 Town Collectors' delinquent return, 40, containing 300 
 pages each ; County Collectors' delinquent return, 47, 
 containing 300 pages each ; judgment records, 47, con- 
 taining 300 pages each ; sale records, 39, containing 275 
 pages each ; error and abatement, 20, containing 400 pages 
 each ; making in all 430 volumes, which are added every 
 year. The cost of Assessors' books is at least $1,000 
 yearly ; books of Collectors' warrants, $14,960 yearly ; 
 books of Town Collectors' delinquent list, $4,500 yearly ; 
 books of County Collectors' delinquent list, $4,500 year- 
 ly ; judgment record, $4,300 yearly ; sale record, $4,300 
 yearly ; making in all $33,560, and the average cost 
 of publishing the delinquent list and notice of sale is 
 from thirty-five to forty thousand dollars a year more. 
 This vast expenditure should be saved, and we know 
 of no earthly reason why this thing should be continued 
 
12 
 
 for a single day. Our State is about the only one 
 which collects taxes by resorting to a court and obtain- 
 ing judgment against the land, and as long as this 
 continues, we are of the opinion that a simple notice, by 
 the Collector to all delinquents, that he will on a certain 
 day apply to the court for judgment against all lands 
 upon which the taxes and assessments remain unpaid, 
 will be just as effective for all purposes, as to publish an- 
 nually a list of all the lands throughout the State. It 
 amounts to nothing, and the only persons benefited by it 
 are the printers. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 The people of this State are not suffering so much at 
 the present time from the burdens of State taxation as 
 they are from that of counties, cities, villages, school 
 boards, and park boards. That we have been able to 
 withstand the burdens of National, State, and the various 
 
 LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL CORPORATION TAXES 
 
 for the last ten years and live is one of the marvels of the 
 age. We have altogether too many taxing boards and 
 officers clothed with the sovereign powers of the State 
 for the public good and the good of mankind. Few men 
 now living seem to know the value of a dollar, and fewer 
 still know the trials which honest men have to undergo to 
 obtain it. In mairy of the cities and suburban towns in 
 this State, taxation has in many instances resulted in the 
 utter confiscation of large quantities of real estate, and yet 
 no power short of Omnipotence seems able to restrain the 
 authorities that control them. Neither the example of 
 Memphis or old Thebes seems to have any effect on them. 
 
13 
 
 PAY AS YOU GO. 
 
 The only policy for the people of this State to adopt is 
 — -to " pay as you go." It was the rule of our ancestors, 
 and if only once adopted here and sternly followed out 
 and made applicable to every town, city, village, and 
 school district in the State, would result in repressing 
 recklessness and extravagance and redound greatly to the 
 credit of our State. 
 
 IX. 
 
 The Legislature should, in order to save tax-payers 
 from plunder, set bounds to the rate of taxation in every 
 single instance, and then hold the officers of each county, 
 city, village-school district and park board, accountable for 
 their acts and doings. They should be compelled to make an 
 annual report to some officer to be designated by law, show- 
 ing how much money they had appropriated, the amount of 
 taxes and assessments which had been levied, how much 
 collected, how appropriated, etc.; in short, they should 
 account for each and every dollar that comes into their 
 hands. If such a report as this could be made yearly to 
 some officer who should have charge of the matter, and 
 with power to make inquiries into every detail — and then 
 have the same published — the people would then know 
 what had become of their money, and it would induce 
 habits of greater economy and a more careful expendi- 
 ture of public moneys than at present exists in this 
 country. If this were done it would the better enable 
 the people to exercise a surveillance over their servants 
 than thev do now. Now there exists 
 
 NO CENTRAL OFFICE, 
 
 where the requisite information can be obtained in regard 
 
14 
 
 to municipal debts and municipal expenditures, and the 
 people are all the time in ignorance as to the extent of the 
 burdens which are imposed in the aggregate upon the peo- 
 ple of the State. 
 
 X. 
 
 In the State of New York they have three State 
 Assessors who devote their time and attention to the sub- 
 ject of taxation and the equalization of the values, and 
 we are informed that they have been the means of effect- 
 ing many reforms and of equalizing the burdens of taxa- 
 tion to a considerable degree. These might, with profit, 
 take the place of the present Board of Equalization, or 
 the present board might be done away with and the Gov- 
 ernor, Auditor and Secretary of State substituted in their 
 place. 
 
 XL 
 
 " The interests of the people require a method of 
 taxation at once equitable, effective and free from unnec- 
 essary oppression ; one which will yield the requisite rev- 
 enue while subjecting them as little as possible to inquis- 
 itorial vexation, and which shall be attended with the 
 least expense for official services, and afford the fewest 
 temptations to fraud, concealment and evasion." To de- 
 vise such a system is a work of time, and can only be ac- 
 complished by experts, or by those who are thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with the practical workings of tax laws in all 
 their length, breadth and complexity. It is impossible 
 for any legislator, or any man who has not made a 
 specialty of taxation and of political economy, and of 
 
15 
 
 financial and social questions, to elaborate and perfect a 
 revenue system for a State like ours, which will produce 
 equality and uniformity in taxation, during any session 
 of the Legislature. The most that anybody can do with- 
 out revising the whole system is to engage in patchwork. 
 What is essential is that facts and the materials of infor- 
 mation shall be first collected, the condition and exper- 
 ience of other countries be investigated and compared 
 with our own, and then when all the sources of informa- 
 tion have been exhausted, that the results shall be laid 
 before the people, whose interests are to be affected, and 
 laws can be passed which will more equally distribute the 
 burdens of the State and of our local municipal corpora- 
 tions among all classes than is at the present time effected 
 
 by our laws. 
 
 Elliott Anthony, 
 
 Chairman of the Sub- Committee Chicago Bar Association. 
 
4 ^^?!% 
 
 BffR*A$$oeiATion 
 
 wm 
 
 -wlc i § § @ 3je<- 
 
 February 7, 1880, the following Amendment to Article 
 VII of the By-Laws was adopted. 
 
 "The admission fee shall in all cases, be ten 
 dollars, to be paid on signing the roll of mem- 
 bers, and no member shall be subject to annual 
 dues, during the current year of his admission. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Nostra SCuebtmur Epst 
 
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 
 
 OF 
 
 "he Chicago B ar A ssociation 
 
 FOR 1880. 
 
 President : 
 I. N. STILES. 
 
 Vice-Presidents : 
 MELVILLE W. FULLER. JOHN S. COOPER. 
 
 Board of Managers : 
 
 JAMES L. HIGH. WIRT DEXTER. 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. JOHN N. JEWETT. 
 
 GEORGE W. SMITH. WILLIAM H. KING. 
 
 ROBERT T. LINCOLN. GEORGE E. ADAMS. 
 
 S. CORNING JUDD. 
 
 Secretary : 
 HOLDRIDGE O. COLLINS. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 FARLIN Q. BALL. 
 
 Committee on Admission: 
 
 W. IRVING CULVER. 
 IRA O. WILKINSON. 
 JOSEPH E. SMITH. 
 EDWIN WALKER. 
 
 FRANCIS W. S. 
 
 GEORGE GARDNER. 
 FRANK J. CRAWFORD. 
 JAMES B. BRADWELL. 
 JAMES R. DOOL1TTLE, Jr 
 BR AW LEY. 
 
 Standing Committees : 
 
 ON AMENDMENT OF THE LAW : 
 
 ELLIOTT ANTHONY. 
 WILLIAM R. PAGE. 
 EDWIN BRAINARD. 
 BENJAMIN M. WILSON. 
 MARTIN A. DeLANY. 
 
 ON GRIEVANCES U. 
 
 HENRY STRONG. 
 ROSWELL B. BACON. 
 ARBA N. WATERMAN. 
 LESLIE CARTER. 
 INGOLF K. BOYESON. 
 
 JUWCIARY: 
 
 FRANCIS H. KALES. 
 GEORGE F. HARDING. 
 WILLIAM P. BLACK. 
 GEORGE F. BAILEY. 
 JOHN J. HERRICK. 
 
 ON LEGAL EDUCATION : 
 
 CHARLES C. BONNEY. 
 WILLIAM F. WH1TEHOUSE. 
 LOUIS L. PALMER. 
 NOBLE B. JUDAH. 
 WILLIAM S. BRACKETT. 
 
 JOHN LYLE KING. 
 
 OF INQUIRY 
 
 ADOLPH MOSES. 
 
 RICHARD S. TUTHILL. 
 
ROLL OF 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 ABERCROMBIE, OTIS P. 
 
 EVERETT, WM. S. 
 
 *ADAMS, CHARLES T. 
 
 EWING, ADLAI T. 
 
 ADAMS, GEORGE E. 
 
 FLOWER, JAMES M. 
 
 AHRENS, JOHN P. 
 
 FOLLANSBEE, GEORGE A. 
 
 ALDIS, OWEN F. 
 
 FREEMAN, HENRY V. 
 
 ALLEN, CHARLES L. 
 
 FROST, THOMAS G. 
 
 ALLEN, EGBERT F. 
 
 FULLER, MELVILLE W. 
 
 ANTHONY, ELLIOTT. 
 
 FURNESS, WM. ELIOT. 
 
 AVERY, DANIEL J. 
 
 FRY. GEORGE C. 
 
 AYER, BENJAMIN F. 
 
 GALT, AZARIAH T. 
 
 BACON, ROSWELL B. 
 
 GARDNER, GEORGE. 
 
 BAKER, FRANK. 
 
 GARY, ELBERT H. 
 
 BAILEY, GEORGE F. 
 
 GARY, NOAH E. 
 
 BALL, FARLIN Q. 
 
 GLOVER, JOSEPH 0. 
 
 BARBER, HIRAM. 
 
 GOGGIN, JAMES. 
 
 BARKER. JOHN C 
 
 GOODRICH, GRANT. 
 
 §BARNUM, WM. H. 
 
 *GOODWIN, STEPHEN A. 
 
 BENNETT, JOHN I. 
 
 GOUDY, WILLIAM C. 
 
 BISBEE, LEWIS H. 
 
 GRANT, WILLIAM C. 
 
 BISHOP, HENRY W. 
 
 GREGORY, CHAS. A. 
 
 BLACK, WILLIAM P. 
 
 GRIDLEY, NELSON C. 
 
 BLACKMAN, DANIEL. 
 
 GROVER, THOMAS W. 
 
 BLANKE, GEORGE F. 
 
 HALL, WINCHESTER. 
 
 BOND, LESTER L. 
 
 HARDIN, MARTIN D. 
 
 BONNEY, CHAS. C. 
 
 HARDING, GEORGE F. 
 
 BORDEN, JOHN. 
 
 HARDY, CHARLES M. 
 
 BOUTELL, LEWIS H. 
 
 HAWES, KIRK. 
 
 BOYCE, FRANK L. 
 
 HERBERT, GEORGE. 
 
 BOYESON, INGOLF K. 
 
 HERRICK, JOHN J. 
 
 BRACKETT, WM. S. 
 
 HERVEY, ROBERT. 
 
 BRADLEY, FORDYCE G. 
 
 HIGH, JAMES L. 
 
 BRADWELL, JAS. B. 
 
 HITCHCOCK, CHARLES. 
 
 BRAINARD, EDWIN. 
 
 HODGES, LATHROP S. 
 
 BRAWLEY, FRANCIS W. S. 
 
 *HOPKINS, WILLIAM. 
 
 BROWN, EDWARD O. 
 
 HORTON, OLIVER H. 
 
 BROWN, STEPHEN F. 
 
 HOYNE, THOMAS. 
 
 BURCH, HUGH T. 
 
 HOYNE, THOMAS M. 
 
 *BUTLER, CHARLES F. 
 
 HURD, HARVEY B. 
 
 BUTLER, WALTER. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, OTIS K. A. 
 
 CARTER, LESLIE. 
 
 IDE, GEORGE O. 
 
 CARUTHERS, MALCOM. 
 
 ISHAM, EDWARD S. 
 
 CATON, ARTHUR J. 
 
 JACKSON, DWIGHT W. 
 
 CHANDLER, GEORGE. 
 
 JACKSON, HUNTINGTON W. 
 
 *CHASE, HIRAM M. 
 
 JENKINS, ROBT. E. 
 
 *CLARKSON, JOSEPH P. 
 
 JENKS, ANSON B. 
 
 CLARKSON, JOSEPH R. 
 
 JEWETT, JOHN N. 
 
 COBURN, LEWIS L. 
 
 JOHNSON, FRANK A. 
 
 COLLINS, HOLDRIDGE 0. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JOHN, Jr. 
 
 COMSTOCK, EDWARD F. 
 
 JUDAH, NOBLE B. 
 
 CONDEE, LEANDER D. 
 
 IUDD, S. CORNING. 
 
 COOK, BURTON C. 
 
 KALES, FRANCIS H. 
 
 COOPER, JOHN S. 
 
 KING, JOHN LYLE, 
 
 CRAWFORD, FRANK J. 
 
 KING, WM. H. 
 
 CULVER, W. IRVING. 
 
 ^KNICKERBOCKER. JOSHUA C. 
 
 DE LANY, MARTIN A. 
 
 KNICKERBOCKER, JOHN J. 
 
 DENNISON, FRANKLIN. 
 
 KNIGHT, CLARENCE. 
 
 DENT, THOMAS. 
 
 KRETZINGER, GEORGE W. 
 
 DEXTER, WIRT. 
 
 KOHLSAAT, CHRISTIAN C. 
 
 1DICKEY, T. LYLE. 
 
 LACKNER, FRANCIS. 
 
 DOOLITTLE, JAMES R., Jr. 
 
 LEAKE, JOSEPH B. 
 
 DUPEE, CHARLES A. 
 
 LEMAN, HENRY W. 
 
 ENGLISH, WILLIAM J. 
 
 LEWIS, MARTIN O. 
 
 ^Deceased. 
 
 tElected Judge Supreme Court. 
 
 ^Elected Judge Circui 
 
 t Court Cook County. 
 
 ^Elected Judge Proba 
 
 te Court Cook County. 
 
LINCOLN, ROBT. T. 
 
 SHELDON, HENRY I. 
 
 *LOCKWOOD, JOSEPH E. 
 
 SHERMAN, ELIJAH B. 
 
 LUNT, HORACE G. 
 
 SKINNER, ORRIN. 
 
 LYMAN, DAVID B. 
 
 SLEEPER, JOSEPH A. 
 
 MAGRUDER, BENJAMIN D. 
 
 SMALL, EDWARD A. 
 
 MARSH, JOHN W. 
 
 SMITH, ABNER. 
 
 MASON, ALFRED B. 
 
 SMITH, GEORGE W. 
 
 MASON, EDWARD G. 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH E. 
 
 MASON, HENRY B. 
 
 SMITH, ROBERT W. 
 
 MATTHEWS, HENRY M. 
 
 SNOWHOOK, WM. B. 
 
 McCLELLAN, JOHN J. 
 
 STEIN, PHILLIP. 
 
 McClelland, thomas s. 
 
 STILES. ISRAEL N. 
 
 McCOY, ALEXANDER, 
 
 STRONG, HENRY. 
 
 McDAID, HENRY O. 
 
 STURGES, CHAS. M. 
 
 McKINDLEY, WM. M. 
 
 SWETT, LEONARD. 
 
 MILLER, HENRY G. 
 
 SWIFT, WM. H. 
 
 MONROE, HENRY S. 
 
 THOMPSON, JOHN H. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, WM. A. 
 
 THOMPSON, JOHN L. 
 
 $MORAN, THOMAS A. 
 
 TOWLE, HENRY S. 
 
 MORRIS, JOHN. 
 
 TOWNE, CHAS. E. 
 
 MOSES, ADOLPH. 
 
 TRIPP. ARNOLD. 
 
 MURRAY, JAMES S. 
 
 TRUMBULL, LYMAN. 
 
 NISSEN, LAWRENCE J. J. 
 
 TRUMBULL, PERRY. 
 
 NORTON, JAMES S. 
 
 §TULEY, MURRAY F. 
 
 NOYES, JOHN T. 
 
 TUTHILL, RICHARD S. 
 
 *OLESON, INGWELL. 
 
 ULLMANN, FREDERIC. 
 
 OTIS, EPHRAIM A. 
 
 JUPTON, CLARK W. 
 
 PACKARD, FREDERICK W. 
 
 VAN SCHAACK, CORNELIUS. 
 
 PACKARD. SAMUEL W. 
 
 VEEDER, ALBERT H. 
 
 PAGE, WILLIAM R. 
 
 VOCKE, WILLIAM. 
 
 PALMER, LOUIS L. 
 
 WAITE, HORACE F. 
 
 PENCE, ABRAM M. 
 
 WAITE, HORATIO L. 
 
 POPE, CHAS. E. 
 
 WALKER, EDWIN. 
 
 PROUDFOOT, LAWRENCE. 
 
 WALKER, JAMES M. 
 
 QUICK, JOHN H. S. 
 
 WALLER, HENRY. 
 
 QUIGG, DAVID. 
 
 WASHBURNE, HEMPSTEAD. 
 
 REED, CHAS. H. 
 
 WATERMAN, ARBA N. 
 
 RUBENS, HARRY. 
 
 WATERMAN, RICHARD. 
 
 RICABY, RICHARD W. 
 
 WHITE, HUGH A. 
 
 RICHBERG, JOHN C. 
 
 WHITEHOUSE, WM. F. 
 
 RIDDLE, FRANCIS A. 
 
 WHITESIDE, THOMAS C. 
 
 ROBERTS, JAMES H. 
 
 WHITON, HENRY K. 
 
 ROBERTS. R. BIDDLE. 
 
 WILKINSON, IRA 0. 
 
 ROBINSON, MICHAEL W. 
 
 WILLARD, GEORGE. 
 
 ROSENTHAL, JULIUS. 
 
 WILLIAMS, NORMAN. 
 
 ROUNTREE, JOHN M. 
 
 WILSON, BENJAMIN M. 
 
 SCHINTZ. THEODORE. 
 
 WILSON, ISAAC G. 
 
 SCHUYLER, DANIEL J. 
 
 WILSON, JOHN P. 
 
 SCOTT, IRA. 
 
 WINSTON, FREDERICK S. 
 
 SEARS, NATHANIEL C. 
 
 WITHROW, THOMAS F. 
 
 *Deceased. §Elected 
 
 Judge Circuit Court Cook County. 
 
 ^Elected Judge Circui 
 
 t Court Lake County. 
 
 Donnelley, Gassette & Loyd, Printers. 
 
 n **&*• 
 
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*