NATIONAL ARCHIVES MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS Microcopy No. 412 RECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE RELATING TO POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ETHIOPIA (ABYSSINIA), 1910-29 LISTS OF DOCUMENTS 711.84/- -711,842/18a and RELATIONS; BILATERAL TREATIES Relations; 711.841 Political Relations 1 . 842 Commerce and Navigation] r 711.84/- - 711.842/18a \ % THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Washington: 1962 irt 111 I. ---•—' -■-■■--- ■ -A — ., .-^....^ V— ■■-> T INTRODUCTION On the single roll of this microfilm publication are reproduced unboimd records from the deciriial file of the Department of State, 1910-29, that concern political relations between the United States and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). They are mostly instructions to and des- patches, with a few enclosures, from diplomatic and consular offi- cials. Also included in these records are memoranda prepared by officials of the Department of State and correspondence with private individuals. The Lists of Docimients or ''purport sheets'' reproduced at the beginning of the roll give brief abstracts of the documents re- produced in this microcopy and serve as a finding aid to the docu- ments themselves. The arrangement of the entries on these lists corresponds to the arrangement of the documents in the file. Since 1910 the central files of the Department of State have been grouped and arranged by a decimal system of subject classification. The decimal file initially consisted of nine primary classes numbered through 8, each covering a broad subject area. Under Class 7, Political Relations of States, the documents are arranged according to the coimtries concerned. Each country has been assigned a 2-digit number and the numbers for the United States and for Ethiopia (Abys- sinia) are 11 and 84, respectively. Thus the documents reproduced in this microcopy bear the file number 711. 84 and concern political relations between the United States and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). The digits that follow the second country number represent a specific subject. The number, in turn, may be followed by a slant mark (/). The numbers that follow the slant mark are assigned to individual documents as they are accumulated on a specific subject. For ex- ample, a decimal file number taken from a document reproduced in this microcopy is 711. 842/13. The digit 2 following the country num- ber for Ethiopia (84) signifies that the subject is the negotiation of a treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and Ethiopia, and the number following the slant mark indicates that this is the 13th paper received on this subtopic. The documents under one subject classification are generally in chronological order, coinciding with the document number assigned (which follows the slant mark). There are instances, however, when a document file number was not assigned until a date considerably later than the one on which the document was received. Cross-reference sheets that refer to related records under other subject classifications in the decimal file have been reproduced 11 •N A 1 loVAI. Ai;Mil\i:< Ml( i;(»l l|.,M I'l i;i,l( A M()\s as they occur and appropriate cross-reference notations appear in the Lists of Documents. Other cross-reference notations are to docu- ments in the ^'numerical file, *' a system used for the central files of the Department of State for the period 1906-10. The numerical sys- tem of assigning consecutive numbers to subject case files was re- placed by the decimal system of subject classification in 1910. Before the records were filmed a search was made by the Na- tional Archives and the Department of State for missing documents. The checkmarks that appear by most entries in the left-hand column of the Lists of Documents indicate that the papers are in the file. The absence of checkmarks denotes that the documents were not found; it is believed that they were not among the records when they were re- ceived from the Department. Some of the documents that have been checked in the Lists of Documents do not appear in this microcopy. The decimal file con- tains security- classified documents and communications received from and classified by foreign governments and Federal agencies as well as those classified by the Department of State. The documents that have not been declassified are not available as part of this microcopy. The National Archives and Records Service does not have authority to make reproductions of such documents available to searchers. Most of the records reproduced in this microcopy relate to the negotiation and ratification of treaties of arbitration and conciliation, a treaty for the renunciation of war, and a treaty of commerce and navigation. There are also records concerning general relations be- tween the United States and Ethiopia. The contents of this microfilm publication, indicating the docu- ment number range and the subjects covered by the documents, is filmed after the information on related records given below. The records reproduced in this microcopy are part of the records in the National Archives designated as Record Group 59, General Rec- ords of the Department of State. Additional records concerning treaties and conventions are in other classes of the Department of State decimal file, 1910-29, as fol- lows: Class 2, extradition treaties; Class 4, claims treaties, convenr tions, and agreements; Class 5, international congresses and confer- ences, multilateral treaties; Class 6, commercial treaties, conven- tions, and trade agreements; Class 8, postal conventions. eproduced two ^ ^ ^ 111 \ j*^ .\\iiu_NAU Ai;(iii\i> ,M i( h'oi I i.\i PI i;i ir.V'i loxs Ethiopian affairs; one is another series in Class 7, consisting of two cuments, which concerns political relations between Ethiopia (Abys- sinia) and other states>and the other a series in Class 8, which re- lates to internal affairs of Ethiopia (Abyssinia) (Microcopy 411). In the same record group in the National Archives are additional records on relations between Ethiopia and the United States, 1903-4. c There are consular instructions, credences, documents relating to a treaty of amity, reciprocity, and commerce, and despatches from special agents to the Department of State that are in volume 19 of Con- sular Despatches, Marseille. » In Record Group 84, Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State, are records originally kept at U. S. diplomatic and consular posts. Among these are records of the U. S. Legation in Ethiopia (Abyssinia), 1908-36 and of the consular post in Addis Ababa, 1890-1936. -2^ /^ y IV ,\i)\ \ L .A i;< II I \ l,^>. .M l( i;n} i I.M \ I ()\ ^ ^» - ■ ^ F CONTENTS OF MICROCOPY 412 The decimal file number span of the docxmients • • reproduced lows: LISTS OF DOCUMENTS 1? File Number and Description 711.84/- - 711.842/18a c. Brief abstracts that serve as a finding aid to the documents. \ DOCUMENTS RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ETfflOPIA (ABYSSINIA) General Relations 711.84/— 8 t May 14, 1923 - August 1, 1928 Political Relations 711.8412A- 711.8412 Anti-war Treaties of arbitration and conciliation, 1928-29; treaty for renunciation of war, 1928-29. Commerce and Navigation 711.842/— 18a Treaty of commerce and navigation, 1914. AKCIIIVKS Mf''!?(>nL.M l»l IJI.K \ I I -NS; ^A llOJi^M M» «» « Ai.'C'i i\i:.^ .Mirijor im pi ; f'Aiiuxs LISTS OF DOCUMENTS 711.84/- - 711. 842/1 8a N A I ION" A L AIM II I \ IvS MK !{(il MM i;i ICA'lioW '• I m^^ ■lAa..«^l t^.^^'^^ - \ .' '^ ■>l" L.IST OF PAPERS. :^<- i^' ;:w«' ■-■*. \ tT 'fir;". m >!■ ^f- •i'-?1 ■ *■ X .I-;; •i^ *^- •< s ■^. jr** -»,-.■; < -/■.vi. •".i Sid(/€ci: - *?!M^A^.l!!«i^ ••,' «^" 1- f *< '^'i.' « .-, ^•^ SOB No. x:jL OM^ y. pt«mw sss i9«r^ SUBjf^ 1Kst"SSS'Bl"¥|PaK8t| M^y M ruiPOiT. 'f $emcraiidwB entitled **0f f lolal. re.lat» lone between the U*S* of Amerlea ^ M4..4lQ?.?.^.!^^&f. 1 l§!bM..Zi\ lOTE 2 f Xz: AlqjM-inla*. ..Seeant-Qf-.-.-^. lTov« 16 210 ^i r«})^..^- L.V- Ki s t|^e Do^rtment .nft-.pi .4. SEE.M4,L0m.l7'r...f.ftr..a9.spiL..8.4-.«r ....._.JCDa7.isi..3!aj...Iifttt9.r.frojDi..&a ..iiie-Aa..tr5riiie..1iO-..Qp.oxi..fr.i€aidly.j» ...]AtAaaa.Mtli..II«.S,.(Si..ia..aarry.-tliare ._3Kaa-iio.t..app.ftiateLd-.ta-ThicrEiia-A ..jouf:.AI*LS,.GOTta .1 ..-■-1 .?stablisM9nt..Qjf.rol^^^ ..EtjfcilQp.te«sta.toj3..At±aca2ejsL-^^^^ :._lal-.iz]^jDjrtancjD--ija-_th0-- -wi----i^^ ■-Pj:^3jgLldeiit..ijog..liiteji:!eat-i^ ■T ?l?ly..?P. Jk:oJ<^. 192.7. jUxg^l9 fr . ^ k: .B...-. ^ ^ .ainjga^QrQ.4258 ..-(Southard^ / I ..Q.at..2.7 na |i: I .^::t laaa.. yC..[aa«.ia ^ i^i)XLtliar&) JBDSl June 2 l^UQ KOICE- jatiiflfliTite .wJic^ara. purffti 1 "ng -tlie i r->- .Seir-.-Ck)Ticojd».— ii ot^dKR 11 »4P.7Bii 4!iaa.-Df-.Frien4ahip.-and-lnterest« ..hatween.^hyaai|lia..and.-Unlted.3tat ..n}eferi..Kaaomien^Reir-to-the-Steeoi< .-of-Bthiopia-effoits-wiU-be-t©---- ..atrengthen-and-develop— -•«--and-Ab* -^aainian-Govt^ie -wilXiajg^-td-take- .-into.-full..conaideratio&--anS .-with-greateat-oare-an^-auggeetl .-that-ma3^-be-offered-by-Att«^6e¥tv At.t_Ltja.da..Qil..U:«S.^..tLCBRarji.JLbyaa-1 J|[r->-Panl.myr.Qn..I.tj^bareer-»-aa -.■■ Afflej.l-Qfl.a-la»yeT..gaii3— la-.Tes Idea t .-.-ljnL„Qbinaf.-jal atl.YJBL.-ta-.T. JSEE----701>a41l/^-AM?.-#2lQ4. — iireat-BrXtal2;.Cxther^^ .....V-is.lt:-^--I)r-,.--i^-4to|*iii^ ----4*iy- -to -n^-5.«---probabl^ -----p€»a»-of--^g-raj\g-iftg---for-- e stab l-iah* K „.' I . :i Prefieni_ statu.5...Q.f .treaty.-^olat.ions }39-tweeh.-UA.:SA._and..Ai?-5L.s.iniaA Be- ,-...quQfitfi--iii92i«5raiidii]3i..bn^-.-Mth.^ ....i3f-.latQ5i;.-trfiatyjt.:......„„..:L..::: 6. .. ...(Pxeaejat. .8.lat.uir .t[f ..t.c9.atT...r.f.]tat.l bjat9!een^.ilI.ji...lbl.Ab3rai^^ 124.641^6 JCen^ I. • ]^^jr"#M~jhrM A^^^ '-■ « I*- *«. .^^^...?!9l'f.f.j^ .♦ .r^v ■ ' . i l-"-^ ■■-■^^\ talnl^" articTe'by "^^^^ Ife; i'i'ngerV'M'i^itrlM'Jtw entitled ''rbTS^t'a^tfiaa i'que'ef'I^lKEIipIeV* ^ « ■« <«fc'«j ^iiiiiBdiiittliyiiUMiiii. j«it;.4fcii .^.ai. ^■. j» JACIET CASS I < ; .^■" LIST Vj' --a •» v'^ i , y*Si 4 •( SukJtd: tiai of iridtr&tim iiid (Soibiliati^ - thiliad Islnla 4t^ *; 4<^:^:> •< ■>< "^'P" >'^.'. ^" ** " t^" ^ ,■ :>J J(»-^ • •» !" »I .V • i •. •J > - ^K .<-.>; 1928 - a: SUB No. f;. ^^/yv ^^Ti ^> »4' V- film- nia (South- DATE Attg^24 toi»#- 2p>a» ro tog*27 X^ g (South* ard) #67 TD NE ard) Tfl l »# - 4ptm » Pot > 29 Dae > 19 TD gp»m» Ng TD SOBIU \-'V, rtmroRT •'■.^^V' i -Sir,. Dopartmont la conaidoring propooiag nogotiation of j-» Should roforono< thaid) 4 \9 to the ftriaoo Rogont or to tho >roaa» or to hotht ( -V Do: Reference should lie to tho Sa« press only» ■i t ■' 1^ - for gn1wpl3clo» to Xbs ^.•l4i«i? Ti,Vii *■" f greatiea of arbitratloii and concjLlla- ,>*>"'"'5^. ■ ' ' '. .*' •^

Cn -«' K^ sinia (South- ATdJ * 126 inia (Sout Jen 26 tion« The two draf t s of j-y "have Tic been translated into and placed in hands of Foreign Office* Discussion may be delayed for several weeks • Abyssi nia ~(Bouth ar'd 1 #34 TD NE ard) # 129 TD ♦'*^*" '/C" ■ Mar 13 •■'-I.,* U *"■ V^' c ^ysainia (South- FQb 16 klnia (South- ard) # 50 A pr 15 ■^ -^^ (• ^i • \ - ^7. •^ >>-''•. ; . ^ ^ * * . ■^ V ' i'. *■ V^ Frosident )o: Ethiopia is prepared to sign and ratify thoj-j with certain modifi - cations j as enumerated* l»l_ in - pro Tiding th at %M Ap>*a riQ texts o orT' v-V= •. Enclosing President's two full poiyers authorizing Southard sign the^-* <: pQg fhft » w •-- :» ^ today by the flo vftrnma nt of Ethiopia Confirms slgr.ing and rati and encloses one copy or eaoh.^y^. treaty* Explains chgtiges"'' m ing Of— > DO; Confirms Despatch !R)> 126 transmitting copies of — DO; i^olcnowl edges receiot of copies of; received too late to submit to Ser.ite before they ajourned* Boy)Orts excitement on part -I --.- of Italian envcy on hearing of the signing of the Treaties of Goncili(jtion ond /rb i t re t ionV' 1 1 : Lays^^ beof re P resIdon T for tran&mission to Senate for ratifioa* tion . ^ — . • t V * ■;.: ri",'C* -/ ':r^ ft.. %, ■■: '*-y\, "-.vv 5 i i • • I -^ ♦^^* ^y i' ■%^ ;^ .>>?.^ A-rr,:.' M ,: ^V V /^:'i^ .5 .-- "^;_>- ■'^/' ^'•' i.-? ^ ■ ■ " ■ ■ > ' f »< '>T'c-^"-^^'".»-i.'v"- ^' Wii., • f< •'.. jj - i: T-*^>. AJs "^ -^-^ --'- ■ tms:^ .ftkJll^: r?. r « •V.f t i. ^ OF PAPERS JAQKBS OiSB - p, • t / «i=^» •!;»•«.. t '> n: :F-f .^H' - . ;Tv. •.;^' -. ^ I .<- Suk/eeL f.* ,* •' * 1—307 SIJBK*. ^^K21 !• » ',• I i * 14 field -rr ■ ■^ Peo«16 »' » ^ . w - .h ' '^»-*Vi^-'-_ ." * ': .f .'...^ PURPORT V- " ^ • • » - ■ K f/; r\ 2SD8 ;oha2tfre ••Alt Acu^rgat 5, ani full vcmw in An" >lft.T»l Q^ f> »/ H a rry A» a a rfiel |d -IC Abyaainia Tel r*;,r. j/"^ •■ .x * ^ » ^ ■fi Tt-.i vJA:-'^! V^. '>*i'9'r >*f 1'. ^ :J; POl Recommending abore namea for ap" pointMent itatlon f ■••,-/■ ^n d e nx ■ "^ - 1 V - '. ■ A ppointiD t^t » > and reqneata that approTal of the Itbf^ iopian aoTernment be aeeured> Ino- qiiira if onr Lection at Stoakholm may conyey tbe invitation on be- half of both governmental A ppatntoant aa lational OOBBdaaJo: '^fl-- ^C ' Z^-:- .v.^--.. : I ■" ■ ■■♦. ■ *■ * J. >>««•' ■:*? rV ' :'*S. '^r'TH:* ^fr .'^.::>^ ->. ■ ' I Sv> S3S3^^^ iB^ttiiiMa I JiA ««.^.:- ^ H,... ^ _ ; .t^t,^,.^.. t. -- j^i ^^^PA:-#L^^^ r:-^-'-^- r.K"< -f -, :^ LIST OF PAPERS J.C SukfccL •' 'i. .-11 -> ^*I . 1 Trt. ',' LIST OF PAPERS .■•^v -^;..- ' J. I f- c "> Hi >. - '^ '■•>/#■ :i» ki . t^ -J .^ »*«»" *> A' '. ■ *- ^. ' y- '\J. •=■■ t. r *>.- ».' ».' <.' .ji. % ]b 1 1 - 1 .^: i^. Snbjtdl »»> V ■\ Tr»aty b»tween thiif d Staf and Abyinii f of Ir^auaoiatioxi *^ 1 ■fj* I -^ .». .•• 1928 '.A y^ '.. '*^j-'»l-''f i*f>'<^\i -T !• simm. «»*^ ly I U-d:.- 4 ■/ '/ * • r -►-■» FROy— ' . I V. ■♦..•.> V ri ' "> DATE » n SUBKc Inia (Sottth* Au|;»31 ardj T»l >#* 2p»m» A*B WB .^^ .•i^^w 'j«' ^f'' • It JUL •__Qot*2& T^ » ^ <^ ^ '^ - QQt>29 inU (South- #95 TD f Nov. 8 1929 kaitiiA 'g ftlf;!) FIttPQRt •}. *vv .^■r.^T ^- ^^.' lialtilAtaral * QaottL behiaf Bthiopiaa Govarnmant notifyinf adharanca to thaj*» Infonaatioa dasirad a» to procadiira^ t^'% ''ti-^K'S*tjit i ■■ '/;- /.US:^A NOTS; 71^012- Ant i -War ^•* *' - ' -► ■ » . .^ V 40--t \ > I • -T'-^' ■» " ir.^"^^' Tha Kallogg Iltet i»aa aignad tc day and raj A ^fad by ting Tafari> 1 gnad on Bfi^..28« f thft aealftd ififtd tr •it igTiRn 4 ; *A » 1 M*;iiu Jan ilaa>- Gopiaa apd) # 37 itbarl) / DO! Brloloiing copy of photograph shoyring King Tafari aipiing and ratifying tha^-; vi ■•»;*»?« Staata Raaolxttion of Jaaoary and o&p y '^^ i>im^m\A^^^% of ratifioationt for trangqiigs to Toraign Of flea t certified oopy of Instra- ments of ratification by fif taan signatory governments, and auth» entioatad copiea of the instra* ments deposited with the U»8« f 77 Chinaia liaatarTi/697 for '^f: ^4 ■■S-i 1^ t m- -^..^V* LIST OF PAPERS t r^*.^' ^ ^ V't^^J J^:*^ •',/ "t ?';r ^'^ If' 4 \ a*aH^a* Jan«3 fOt zz SUB No. PURPORT t > Tr^t y gte ne s Ababa i?i 15 1913 tate Dap>t MEMs June r'v' id Near Baat ) tate Dep^t ^ B Inatruot >na for nepot 'n of new aeroial treaty > ' <^ ^ w^ Report what extraterritorial right a i BritaiHyFranoe and Italy, Ob eimilca* rights for U>S, ^ - ",' ■^^ xio treaty^Heed for imma i ppo intnent r-ft ... <• rir May 3,1914, wad and Ooiu t 7ur^8^ jacpeota signature of treaty the months QorwuBt offjoialwib within^ yffXff ^ n r ^^ in treaty ftr^l O 4 yearB^yrenoh treaty a Asfca inatruot ion. Vs.'\ therwi oe pt 4 year^Autcamtio renewial Treaty ia Ababa TSL| X efe itiah a&b •^v i >, *^ —bring Can't ii ranslate TKLi '«M ■^ I ad Ood# v^-±* Bcii ». J V 1L ■ 'T> at idi« A^bfc warda CTLtftf«Att«Oon«QBn'l 1 a 17 H 9 TgL tiah Bttbagay i^ X a ^i^iah anb, -^ ^■) XrlO- 0«t. Ifl QrgAt Britain TSL > 9a ti? to aand Wagotiata ft>r 4 yaara but for automat io renewals Aaka Babkto aend above IHi ar treaty > A^ ooount for teleg ram _ sent> .^ #810- .1 H ot • 16 < i^ri^^HiMiiiaiaHiliiiMi y r delivered to Amb> at PayJa for t to Dep>t« M-f .- •- "S.^ *• . *^ /• '.J * ^ • r^ «• !«. •J:^: ■''\ \ r/jp Mf^' "'^ ^' "^'y- ■'T I •# <^J| ^y LIST OF PAPERS Sliaet 2 «' A- < •♦•♦ n^^ .4 Subject: 4 :!»■ -•^', » .1 ^^ }(i tl \ I \ SUBIto. r ' .-*^- '.r' FROM! K, Ifil& ^ X-16 Icli<(lon( Skinner) it_ -f— X 17 | Ad^ Ababa (Wood) DATE. R TOt PURPORT Ua y^^ Dec. 1 4- (^jBf^ t Britain Si. 4524 1920 Junell iqE Sept* 1 ' 1914 * XJL8 '-<*' * June 27 :^ 1920 Treaty between ecti uTs: and Abyss inia* Reauests co-oy of -• y between U 1914 nsmits ne^7 — daterl June 37/l4 & encloses report of negoj of— ^^ «ipr»n>nk ft* Go py of Treaty o Log^n ( 31^1 nnor) ne we 16 Ezisting-SraatyiJbatHaBii X, 4n gtUt s. enty tea te tranacrlp' of the • )lf)ti roial treaty with Ethiopia si '^ -\ -^. *, \ \ T V .■■■ V. •■ r< i .JlL.lf ed June 7^1914#8tipulation 4t to When it shall take effect burtid in files of Dept»without being brpu^t to knowledge of pr offioe, : ^ ^rf^r •1 , • ' '; ; V - V ' - '■'^ li 1 ■ /!• VT-ii^ 1 . ,'.^< .-■■-■■•;.rU.'--»' ^ ■ ■ " \ _ . ■ It . Ml f > ^■■^ 'J -^ ^' -^ «j - ' -' . ' ' ' ] ^ •» i ' ■ \:. '. • t fc ."^. - . » « ^ r •♦■: ' r ■w^ . «^ V*'^**A*?'2$-v -'^ ''.▼*: \ Ik'i " ' ;' *•*- t \> . ^: .% I > ■'.■ ill v^^: i* N A I 1()\ \ I. AIM II I \ l> Ml( K(H I l.M IM 1 1 1 , I ( \ T I ( ) \ s '^^ DOCUMENTS 711,84/- - 711.842/18a NATION \\. AIM Hl\ i:s MICKOl ILM IM i;i.l( \ r l( ) N s t SSIFICATION CANCELED AUTHORITY LETTER 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATE DEP'T .-* ""r. 4- • - F STATBt ''^ J^ 'Ha^'-'-p^ ECTOR OF THE CoNlmjUl SOVICE . Iw'^f .^: ' V^ y my 2l«t. 1925. IB (^oni 822) \ * |L "T4^' . m r F9 Ml ^ 1 tmBN i» f^lit / <*^,' L i*^ Bmut V .' • . I'' ne As a ooaoite statement of tEe situation I oonslder the attaohed msDiorsadin very well lone. H 3 W 'i£' ,^. ^ On Page Z. LIm 15 1 Blre IMmigfat be eubttltuttd f aurrwr«. The rallwaj passes throogh the fonntr plaoa*^ jEtorrar is about thlrty-fj^va ml lea aouth of Dirt Saara and nhe rallwaj aod la raaohad from thara by horaot nmla or oamaX tranaportatioii« M-^ «* B R I C A -^ Paga 19* Aa you latar atata agr opinion doaa not» o oouraat oolnolda with that of formar Oonaul Ganaral Wood aa to oonBMHraial poaaibilitiaa in Atagf^aalnia^ Page 15 statadfi^ Baaaons **.. «> - llany thanks for lattiqg ma aee thla* • r>^ DO-2 AeEeS. '■•^t. •- . ^ ■ f - J» ■^ - - i.B* Maz 14. 19£S^ f\M * fA":- ♦>' '•'ii^.'-f^' ,V t^' ¥< i^ « to^ ■'c ». - « I > .■ * •, ,',/ -^'Tj *'5,' T CLA8SIF1CATIQN CANCELED AUTHORITT OF 1-8-58 FROM W. H. ANDERSON, STATl m ^fMnu^ ^— -^ DATE^^.A. /^ DEP'T '*3Ptr '.I J : *, ^t- ,' *;; *^* . •••-^;'^' V X.] I \ J.'.' •.'■*jf^'«"^ ir-.v-'M-.,.^ OPFICIll R1LATI0I8 ^.' ?/■<■'-! >-^' t;^wl.:-^ Vr'^.'T .M. y, Alt ^ . ' •-• • ■' ')''" ''it u'* ■ w, .. - Vv.v , T "• ■- t ■ . -■ - I*- ; .: ,*♦ /V., . , ■ ■'* VI IISB STAfl 8 f AMlliaA ">",'■■/''• A t B ABT88IIIA »v u • • • ■ '4-. -n • . N "^ > •y > ,.4 ■ "V - 4 • • • ■ f i ! :4 1' v.- • . ■• • t * 1 • K • i±. 2jl ?f. '- ■,■, ^r; \ .>. 5?„ ^». ^r^'J^i.^r >4!|i| ^'^.. ■ ■ ' ' 3 >« -4- . ^.1 -^ - • • « V.F" f^.'-" / «» «|.'* ''■■«, \\ *:^ % r- ' ■■*■-■»•■«• ' vv ■,^>^ . t i ■ <•.• ■ J^:. -*-# V . JlL.-Jl'l '»■■■-■«>«■ ' ^^.^.Jiil^£v^..>faX.I^slL']kiML^^>>.JkA.^^^ .iij 9Ll<4.^.,ia^KAiL "1 iV .*^'k ^ / / t I (1) Ob July 26, 190S, Rol>«rt P. Skinner, the iDerloan Consia Q«n«ral at Uaraeilles, 8i]g^«8t«d to the Department of State the adTlsabllity of oreating cloaer oommeroial relations hetween the lAilted States and the oonntrles ef the lerth African seaboard: Algeria, Tunis and Tripoli. A Tlelt to the Amerloan consulates estahllshed In the first two and an Inyestlgatlon of general oonmerolal oondltlons In that part of North Afjrloa would materially better Amerloan oonmeroe, and It Is of Interest to note that In this despatoh Mr. Skinner adds that: "What I hare said ef Tripoli I bellsre to - be even BOre true of Abyss Isla and the BaMPfrsM^ Gulf reglom. ... I an more flraly oonvlnoei now than two years ago of the wrong ws do tnr* selTes In not organising and Informing onrMlres of the situation in lands lAiose trade ws will one day seek, perhaps then to find ths field oooiqpled." Speaking of lew York as an export market of mannfao- tnred ootton goo^ , the Amerloan representatlTO says that he Is "store that If the mantifaotnrers (of the United Ststtt) were to oome abroad to hnnt for business thsy would dla- ooTor many a market that now esoapes them. They would find in the Mediterranean soores of flzms that now seek MaBohester, n ■ and do a large aggregate business In Algiers, Tunis, Irlpell, Abyssinia and the Persian Gulf." In other words, ths American Government had no official relations whatOTOr with the V J. • TT / y . *' i J >' .: t'---'^''^'^ ^ - • » % > w - E - tli« Siiylz* 9f Bthlopia twenty y«ars ago."^ How«T6r, iB Hay of the follawing year tha ABorloaB CansiLl nada apaolfio reeownsBdationa that Aiplomatio rala- tlona )>• «atabli8li«d with tha Al)788lJilan Burp ire throttg^ tha Oonevlata Sanaral at Maraaillaa, "in order to proonre exaot in-formatioB for iaerioan ezportera and manufacture re generally, and flieza partioxaarly to aafeguard an iaportant eziating oommarQa." Thia trade had grown xxp in epite of the abaexoe of offiolal American cooperation, and ifhowad promiae «f beoenlng mtich more important in the near f ntTure . Up to 19C8 ImerioaB geoda had filtered into thia region by way of Aden, Zailoih and other trana-ahipping porta, then going inio the Interior of Abyssinia by caravan. The building of a railroad, howerer, Arem the ?renoh port of Djibouti acrosB frenoh Somaliland to mnpvbt in t; the African fciBgdom oenrpletaly roTOlutioniiad the met had of tranaporta- tiaa in ihat saotlen of the ooumtry. At the aaae ti Djibouti beoaae the principal port of call for the AbyB> aiaian t^ade. Ihe line has ainoe been extended ta the oapital , Ad&ia Ababa. As Abyaainia has no seaooast , the * .*tha project of aendiBg bb Amerioaa miaaiOB to Bthiopia was originally laid bafera Presidant HaKlnlay by myself iB 1900." - Extract ftom ABYSSIIIA OF TODAY, by Robert I. Skionar. H H ■ I « ■ f, a= k ! J^^^ t t - 5 - (8) tli« oontrol of the railroad by Frano* la of primary iM- •r portanoo. Ia Tiaw of tha erar-inoraaaing luropoan influaBoa, Mr. Skixiner sugKaetad that it might ha well to protaot ▲merioan trada throa^tha nagotiatioa of a traaty, ozm ta ha framad and nagotiatad hafora Amerioan oommeroa Bhonld ha oompletaly azoludad hy the merohanta of Franoa, Sngland, Italy and Germany. In hia deapatoh the Amerioan repreaentatira mentioned the more important olanBea that Bxioh a treaty BhoxLld emhraca, olanaaa that eTentxAlly heoaaa am>>edied in the '^Treaty of Amity, reoiprooal eatahliahmanta and Commaroa." * In Tiew of the European partition of the greater part of Afrioa and the reanltant oolonial tariffa direotly affeoting Amerioan gooda, it aeemad all the more important to aend a apeoial miaaion to the kingdom of Henelik. It waa further euggested that the Consul General at Maraeillee be named also Agent for Abyasinia beoanae of the proximity of that port to Djibouti. At the aame time Mr. Skinner adTieed against the immediate appointment of a reeident l^inister, owiiig to the pratentiOTis legationa maintained by Groat Britain, France, Italy and Busaia, and the xonwarranted oxponao a fitting Aaarioan mieaioB would entail. A Biplomatio Agent residing in Suropa "^ Refer to Appendix A. * . iH V v> . f > ••^- •■■^■..''i^;-^^^?- t I 1 . 4 . and spendljog a few montha at a time In Abyasinla woiCd "be able to transaot hie legitimate businese, without beiiig expeoted to maintain a ministerial household. On June 4, 1900 » the Department inetruoted Mr. Skinner to proceed to Abyeeinia, at suoh time as he deemed beet, for the purpose of inye&tigating and reporting r^on oommeroial (Z) oonditione in that Empire.* In July fiirther instructione adrieed Consul General Skinner that the Department "had decided to enter into negotiations with the Bmperor Menelik for a 'treaty of amity, reoiprooal establishmenta and oommeroe' , to contain, in addition to the more general proyisiona regulating relatione between the two oountriei, the apeoifio guarantees Buggested In your despatch as needful to secure moat farored nation treatment of merchandise of the United States (4) upon its arriral at the Ethiopian frontier". ▲ draft of the proposed treaty together with a "Full Power" were forwarded to Marseilles, the latter authorisijag the American rep re sent at Ito to negotiate and oonolade with the Emperor's Gorenunent suoh a treaty "To be submitted to the President of the United States for his ratlfloatlon, * "ITpen receipt of this instructian, and prior ts July flrs%, you will draw iqpsn the Sseretary ox Stats for 12,000 from i^loh to pay the aotual and necessary expenses of the journey eto." — -'- * -» in • r •\ t 1 - 6 - \>j and with the adrioe and ooneant of the Senate", km offlolal letter of introduotioB to the Prime Itlnlster and Cotmeelor of State of Ihysslnla was also enolosed. A separate artlole oontalnlng reolprooal proTisien gofemlng the most farored nation treatment was provided in oase the Saperor should feel that the gxiaranty of mutualitj bound Bthiopla only. Lastly, heoaxise of the remoteness OlSfti ihange (5) points'* -> as he might deem neoessary or expedient. On Ooteher SS, 1909, the Amerioan party left Marseilles arriring at Djihoicti on HoTember 17. Here the esoort was formed, a preliminary journey made to Harrar from M.r<* (€) Dasnah by railroad, thenee by oararan to Addis-Ababa, the party arriring at the eapital on Dsoembsr 18. It might be added that the shortest and quiokeet route to the Ithiopean oapital is by steamer from Marseilles to Djibouti , from there to Dir4 -Daonah and Addis -^baba by rail. Omitting the description of the inoidente of the joxirney, the oordial reception giren the Amerioans by the ling of Eings and the exchange of presents, we oome to Deoember S7, the date of th signing ef the Treaty. Ratifioation was adrised by the Senate on Mareh IS of the fellow lag year; the President ratlfisi ■ I .1 \ U^ '^>- « 1 (6) (T) - 6 - ratified tht treaty fire days lotar. On August £, Maiiallk was notified of the rati float Ion; on Septeniber 80 the Treaty was proolalmed.'^ An iBTltatlen to partlolpcte in the Louisiana Pxirohase SxpoBltloB was aooepted at the sane tlae. Beeldes a large aaouBt of trade Information, Mr. Slclaner leee l re d a oellee- tlon of seeds of the more Important Bthloplan oreps, agrieiil* tural data with speolal referenoe to wild coffee seeds ftem raffft. "In addition te those definite reeults, the presenoe of the mlSBloB In Bthlopla had the effleot of tnrnlng the attention of the hiisiness olasses of the empire towards the Ualted States as a prohahle soturee of supply fer many manufaotured articles fer which an expanding market Is oertaln to result xxfon the completion of the railway (since finished). and as a probahle oonsuaing he STallable for export.* American CobmI la oenoluBleB that our cemmeroe will depend henceforth vqpon the IndlTidual business man, net iq>oji the President or Congress Upon the return of the Consul General to Marseilles he suggested that he he designated as Agent for Abyssinia, (reBldent in Marseilles) , for the purpose of reoelTlng and transmitting the riewn of the two Oeremments, especially * The U. S. S. MACHIA8 took the Aa»rioan parly from laples to Djibouti. An escort of msrines and blusjaoketn aeeoBpanied tha party owing te the dangers ef dnnert traTsl. The freneh Semallland authorities extended all courtesien te the Ameri >i • i U4$ •H / t t (8) (9) - 7 - as tht BltutttlMi did not at that tlma (1904) reqxdra tha appolntnaxtt of a pamantat dlplOHatlo rapraaantatlTa in Btlilopia. Tlia oesplatiOB of tha xailnaj, ha adtad, night wall naoaasltata tha appolntmaiit of a parnanant dlploaatio OT eonsular offloar» but, aa haa haan atatad hafora, tha ■anatarj allewanaaa would hara ta ba auf flolant to anabla tha laarlaajB rapraaantatlTa a ta malatala aa aatahliUhnaBt V "% comparahla ta thoaa of tha Burapaaii Powara alraady la Addia- ▲haha. On l>999nb9T 15 » 1904, Mr. 9kiimar addraasad tha Dapartaant of Stata ragarding tha fnrthar oonatraotlan of tha thaa unflxilahad BjihOTXti-Addia-JLbaba railroad, pointing out tha inpartanoa of a Conrantiaa* ''ta ba aignad" by tha Britiah, I^anoh and Italian Go-vamnanta, whieh would oantrol tha lina from Harrar ta tha oayital. laarioan intaraata woTad nat-Bxallj ba axoludad aa Biioh aa poaaibla , thia baing a aaat aarioua mattar aa tha OoBBiaaioaar aaya: . "Ovr praaant (1904) trada intaraata in Ithiopia ara graatar thaa thaaa af any of tha thraa Pawara now lagialctlng for that oaimtry.'* Baturming, hawayar, ta tha Aaarioaa traaty proolaiaad • - r in 1904, ^ find our first Ctjitxilata Ganaral aatabliahad act « \ ▲ddia<^ba^ as Daeanbar 19, 1904. Tha nazt Month tha Conaal Ganaral, hawaTar, raooanandad tha aatabliahmant of a diplaaatia 7 * An ifraaaant wmn ai«nad by Grant Britain, Pranoa and Italy at Laadan, Daoaabar 18, 1904, aaataiaiag artiolaa ralatiag ta tha Jljlbavti railraad, •%•• Bafar "Abyaaiaia" prauarad nndar tha diraatiaa af tha liatorioal Saotlaa af tha w araiga Offioa - la. 129. Batad leadon, 1920. I I- f 'r. \. I I ^^'■S|(i, V.' c o • 8 - post Ib Abyssinia, stating thet siioh a post was neoessary, * in his opinion, to mtot ths ozp^otations of tlis Ibyciinian GoTORUMAt and to proaoto proporly Inorioan trads. In Fsbrxiaxy Mr. Mowrsr was transferrsd to Loghorn, Isaring tlia Brititk roprsBsntatiTt in ohargt of i-meriosn affairs. In Ssptsmbar Edward Yialls was appointsd Amerioan Vioe CqbbxU. Gsnsral at tlis Bthiopsan oapital, assnming obargs of his offios Noremher 50. Writing that fall from Copenhagen, Mr. Mowrer expressed his regret that the extent ef the representation of the United States in Abyssinia should be llaited to the appointment of a Yioe Consul General, stating that a Legation rihoxdd be established. Beferenoe is also made to Mr. Tialle's in- terest in trade Whioh, Mowrer adds, in the wnanimons tpinion of the represent at ires of foreign ooutt^ies in Abyssinia is fatal to the objeot of the Ansrioan Consulate was again plaoed in British hands owing to the illness of Mr. Tialle and his subsequent return te the United States. In the meanwhile Hoffinan Philip was ordered te Addis -^baba to report on the desirability of maintaininf a dlplomatio offioe in Abyssinia, Guy Lore being appointed Yioe and Deputy Consul General at the oapital. Howerer, after s^me delay it was deelded to send Mr. Philip as Minister Besident and Consul General. These duties the Amerioan representatlre took *# f^ ■'% .:• f T. _-., , .* i* ' t t - 9 - V took up shortly aft«r hie arrlTal at Addlt-Ababa, Jtuw 14, 1909; In S«pt«ii¥«r tho iMwXy appolntad Htiilsttr notlfl«& tha BepartDMnt of tlia ooet entailed la malnt a lalng a oiHafortabla and sanitary establiahnent , as well as tha expense of getting / to the capital. The Dapartment had proTiously proyidod Ur. Philip with presents for the Saporor, his family and oonrt. Later that year the laer loan represent at ire inforaied Washington that in his opinion, after mature oonsideratlon, |lO,000 wonld ht proper for a Minister and tX,200 to f 1,600 for olerk hire; and that it would he neoessary for the United States to build a house for its missioa, if the intentioa was to maintain a permanent estahlishosnt* Torthermore » that the SoTemment of Ahyasinia would probably donate land for a Legation at it had f done in the oase of other foreign Blssiens. (fhe !•• Taffarl has sinee infomed Consul Southard, formerly astab- lished at Adsa, that the G^rerBiient of ▲bysslala would donate the land on irtiioh to build an Amerioaa Legatiaa) • On PObruary 4, 1910, ?ioe Consul General Lore took oharge of the American Consulate, performing his duties until his death three years later. The British represent at Its was flO) again entrosted with Amerioan affairs until the arriral in Addis-JLbaba of Consul General Wood, Maroh 16, 1914. During this period the influenoe of the ttg powerfnl Menellk gradually waned, owing largely to his failing health and the selfish S % J. Ik r. 1 - 10 - ■•IfLsh iiit«r«8ts of BMnnbaora of th« r^yal familj, as w«ll as BlnlBt«rlal offieiala. The polioy of the King, fjriendly t« BxtToptaas, was ohaaged to on* of hatred of foreigners; the GoTernnent fell into the hands of the Iflnlster of foreign Affairs, who controlled the Crom Prlnoe, Lldj Yasson, as well as the Counoil of Hlnleters. Dletnrbanoes ooonrred la TeJJu and Mf fa • tmreet at Addle Abaha. The former Crown Prlnoe was deposed; the British and ]^enoh Goremments recognised Zaoditn as Smpress of Abyssinia and Ras Taffarl as heir to the throne. While Lldj Yassen was still in power, la 1914, John Q. Wood was sent by the Aaerloaa Gofemment to renew the treaty made by Constil General Skinner, whleh ex- pired that year. The aforementioned Minister of foreign Affairs did his xxtaost to dlsooxirage further offielal rela- i tioas between his oonntry and the United States, and hampered Ur. Wood whenerer the oppertnnity presented itself. HoreoTor, the Snropeans Interested in Sthlopia sovight to exclude Amerloaa oemnerce t>y erery means la their power, not hesitating to intrigue against the signing of another treaty. It was qnite openly suggested that the easiest way for the Amerloaa re pre sent at Its to gain his end would be to rewtrd the foreign minister for serriees rendered. la spite of (10) these many obstacles, howerer, Mr. Weed snooeeded in his mission. A oemneroial treaty was elgaed on Jane 27, 1914, the American Consul General learing the capital the follewiag < f < -^ ' i >~^ ' r:^^V? o o -11 - , • following &07 owing to 111 health* Tbo final oxohango of rati float iona waa brought about through tho kinOnoas of tht Britiah Charge d'Affairoa. Thia Troaty* waa to ooDtinuo in foroa for a period of four yoara after the date of ratifioa- tion by the United Statea. If neither of the oontraoting partiea, one year before the expiration of that period, notifita offloially ita determination to end the Treaty, it ahall remaia in foroe for a farther period %t ten yeara, and 80 on thereafter unleaa notioe ia giren officially by •ne of the oontraoting Powera, one year before the expira- *. ^ tion of aaid period, of ita intention to terminate aaid Treaty. The raaaon for not signing the Treaty for ten yeapr waa due to the wiah of the Abyeainian Goremment to refuse other eountriea their desire to renew their treatiea for a period of ten yeara. The French Treaty signed January 10 ^ ^•4- 1906, granted in ita aerenth aeotion oonaular Juriadietion to the Trenoh Qoremment, and under the moat farored nation olauae thie waa extended to all the other foreign pewera repreaeoted at Addle Ababa. Great Britain eatabliahed a ayatem of oonaular oonrte ia Abyaainia in 191Z, the Italian Goremment alao baring proTided for the protection of their nationals in a similar way. Seme of the leading Abyssinian offioiala dated all their troublea with the foreigners from * Be for Appendix B' V -TT- "■"'■1 •^a1 i ' . t4 f 1 4 i. 'rf \\-- .4 \ i t^ 1 ''*..• * ' 1 i^.^ •I • I»» ••«*■•• - C) ) - IB - th« signliis of th« fronoh Treaty, and th«y wara ddteriBiiMd to. rofnse to r«n9W th« part granting oztratorritorial juris- diotioa. Hanoe tlxe objoetlon to the tan yaar Btipnlatloa of the Anarioan Treaty, wtaloh, witli a four year ten, woiG.d , expire in 1918 aianltaneouslj with the French Treaty. It was diffienlt te eonrinoo the Abysainiaa Kiniatry that the ▲nerioan Treaty oontained only oonditiaaal, liot ahaolnte, (11) .territorial rights. (Our 1914 Treaty ie still in foroe, and Mr. Seuthard helieres that the French Treaty has been renewed without change.) The departtire of Conanl General Wood put American affairs once no re into Brit 1 ah hands, and shortly after his leariag Abyssinia, the Consulate was closed. Therefore, fjroa 1916 te the present date the United States has had no representation in Sthiopia. The reason for this is embodied in a memorandum (IS) by Mr. Wood, and it is from this report that the following information has been obtained. Mr. Wood points out that the United States was at a decided disadrantage , first of all, because its establishment was only a OensxOate General while those of the other foreign Powers are Legations. EewiTer, the xqpkaep of the latter missions entails the expenditure of |20,000 te t6P,000 annually In the case of Great Britain, France, and Italy, these pre<« tentleuB establishments are largely maintained in order te inqpress y / ) ; ■*■ I r. - 12 - Impr^as th* Abyeslnlan GoTemment, In t1«w of tht polltloal q.u«8tlonB th.at oons'taiitly arise on aoootmt of the oonti^ity of tbe territorl#t l)6longiag to the three Eiaropean Powers. Quite obrlouBly the prestige of a Legation oyer a Consulate 18 great, and In the oase of a dispute between the United states and one of the aforementioned Powers the Minister Resident would naturally hare the adTantage In obtaining appointments at the Foreign Office and audiences at the Court. Why Germany and Bussla should have maintained equally Important missions (1914) seems mauseal. At all erents, how* erer, the former Consul General thinks an American Legation unneoessary because of the "small trade with no Immediate prospect of Increasing the same". Mr. Wood adds that our GoTernment "expends** (1914) about |6,S00 per year at Addis Ababa in addition ts the cost of sending a representatlTS there and "It is submitted that the post does not warrant any such expense In view of the oomnerclal Insignificance of the cotmtry and our own trade which cannot be Increased to any appreciable extent by the presence of a consular representatlye". Recent derelopments In Abyssinia - especially In- regard to oil, potash, etc. > hardly bear sat Consul Wood's statements of 1914. As to the question of salary and additional expenssa connected with the fitting uplceep of an American Minister Resldsnt /- i •4 •k * t ' V * » - " . . * » , ■^:i^i IM. f^ '^ t 5 Resident - iah>>JMMrt L e f w heu e ofJiw e Mr. Sonthar& oonelders neoe^aary - the former Consul at Aden states that the salary of the ^erioan repreeentatlTS (a Minister Resident) should he It, 600, with another #7,500 for inoidental expenses such * as the oost of trarel, maintenanoe of a stahle Miioh is indispensahle , etc. Thus the mininnun allotted to the Anerioan Minister Resident should he tl6»000 - not a small amonat, hut one which the inoreasing ioiportanoe of Amerioan oonmeroial relations well warrants in the opinion of Mr. Southard, whose information has been obtained through personal inresti- gatioa. It seems unfortunate that Abyssinia has no "firee" port and that the Eastern part of the Kingdom should be bounded by the Suropecui possessions with Bgypt to the West. The rail- road running through l^enoh territory with Djibouti as the ohief pert and terminus gives France a deoided adrantage in regard to the eustom's oootrol. Much of the business is oontrolled by Armenians, Indians, Greets, Jews and Arabs - and the polioy of Menelik, farorable to Suropeans , has largely ohanged to one hostile to foreigners. Hor is this unusual when one oonsiders the increasing efforts Suropeans hare made to obtain concessions of rarious sorts, and the frequent though unprored rumors that Great Britain, franoe and Italy hare proposed the partition of the Bthlopean Bi^ire. These ondit i ons i I ^^. ^ !J. X .^ o - 16 - oondltlonfl oannet , of oeurs*, bt llBregard«d, but thty ar« not InBurmountablt • It woald 86«m that dafliiltt inf oraatieji , first hand kaovladga, should be obtalnad bafora tha Ansrioan rapra santat iTa la finallj daoidsd on* Our oottaa gooAa trada baa always basa as inpartant ana; Abyaalnia is abla ta snpply bidas, slcins, ooffos, and artiolaa of lessar la- portanoa stab as bonay, baoswaz, irory, olvot, ato. Tha Binaral resoTiross are of the riobtst - gold, silrar, ooppax » iron, coal, sulphur, oil and potash. Tha prasanos of all saams as sura d, while potash is abimdant near tha Italian front lav. Sha Tirginia-Carolina Chaaioal Cawpany and tha Anglo -Aair loan Oil Company are materially interastad la ▲byasinia. It would seam better to be on the ground i(han these nndereloped resouroes were proved aotually to exist in oemmeroial abxindanoe - and not wait until tha Surapaaa Powers had established themselres to ottr ezolusion. As a praoaiLtlonary maasitre , as well aa a means of inrestigation , a Legation would be of the xttmost importanoe - temporarily at least. IVhile this memorflLndxm merely mentiens Amarioan trada with tha Sthiopaan Itepire, aa able and' thorough report aa wx trade relations will be found in "Abyssinia" by tha former Amerioaa Consul at Aden, Arabia, Addison S. Southard, pub- c lishad by the Itepartment of Commeree in 1918. Mr. Sautharl, haTing ■*^ Th*.| "» s f I T C •• h C) > . 14 . haTlag mad» ■•▼•ral trips to AdAls Ababa and tb« Mora Im* portaat ooninaroial oantars ob babalf of tba Dapartmant of Stata, baa obtained hi a Information tbroa^ paraonal in- ▼•atigatioB. ■<^ IS-aP/M7D-8S m- i ''A tf. p' »v N ( \ ^ MUiOIIiL RBITBBBIOBS mmmt ♦ ♦ 4> (I) ]>«sp«toli £rom Cuuiml 6«XMral, ltar8tlll«8, Stptenib^v 8, 190S, to tli« Dopartmont of States Ko. 7. (5) Daspatoh from Ooneia Ganaral, Ifarsalllas, May 15, 1908, to tha Bapartaant of Stata. la. 99. (8) Saapstoli ftem tha Bapartnant of Stata, Jwm 4, 1908, ta tha Unitad Stataa Caaaia Qaxiaral at Maraalllaa, la. 178. (4) Paapatoh from tha Sapartmant of Stata, July 7, 1908, to U. S. Coaara Gantral at Maraalllaa. lo. 180. (6) Daapatak ftoa tha Dapartnant of Stata, July 7, 1908, to U. 8. Gonatil Oaxiaral at Karaalllaa. lo. ISO. (6) UliTaalAia of lo-Day" , 1>7 Robart P. Slclimar, Longnana, 1908. (7) Daapotoh from OaAsnl Qanaral, Maraalllaa, fabru- ary 1, 1904, ta tha Dapartsant of Stata. fa. 129. (8) Daapatob ftom Coasul Ganaral, Marsalllas, irabru- ary £, 1904, ta tha Dapartmant of Stata. lo. 181. (9) Tba infozBatloB ooatainad in tha follawing pagaa haa baan obtainad ftroa the Baoord Card, Indax Bvraau, lo. 8896 ra Abyaalaia. (10) fha Inforaatloa oontalned la tha foUowiag pagaa haa baaa obtainod ftea tha daapatah from Ooaanl Goaaral Wood, Addia Ababa (Waahlagtoa, D. C. ) S^ptambar 1, 1914 to tho Bapartmant of Stata. 711.848/17. (II) Baepatoh from Caaaul Oantral, Addia Ababa, Jxaa 9, 1914 to tho Bapartment of Stata. la. 14. 711.842/7. (12) Maaaraadim la ra Cloilag of Oaaaulata Gaaaral at Addis Ab^a, Abyaalaia. 126.121. a? ' * r I ( AJMUroil A • *• '^ y SnriOPU - OOMMBBCB < <• * ' '^1 THEAJY WVHHMBMIi^BBMHiil0MBl(l THE UJITBl 8TATB8 AMD THE KIWG OF BTHIOPIA To H»gBlat« fh< •JIM: CUL RBUTIOIS BETWBSI THE TWO COHi- TRIB8 • Slgn«& at AAAlt-Ababa, Dooanbor 87, 1905. BatifleatioB adrlstd bj th« Saaata , Maroli 12 , 1904 BatlfieA by tb* Frasidant, Mareh 17, 1904. King of Btbiopia notlfiod of ratifioatloji, August 2, 1904. Proolalmod, Soptombor SO, 1904. By tbo ProBldoirt of tbo Unitod Statos of Aatrloa. A PBOCLAMATIOB. * ' Iboroas a troaty of oonBorot botvoon tbo Unitod Statos of Anorloa and His Ifajosty Monolik II, King of Kings of Ethiopia, was oonolndod on tbo twonty-soTontb day of Doooabor odo tbonsind niao bundrod and tbroo, tbo original Aflbario and Pronob langnago is word for word as follows: t (Translation) TREATT OP COHMBHCB. His Hajosty Moaolik II, King of Kings of Btbiopia, « ^ and tbo TTnitod Statos of Aaorioa, baring agro«d to rognlato tbo oowBoroial rolatioaa botwoon tbo two oonntrios And doTolop tbom, and ran dor tboa aoro and aoro adrantagtons to I - - II II -~^— — * ~ ' »— T* V i 4^ f ... . ..--t >t^ -.%-. ^^ . _ Lis- J . .^ Ji . >> r.. ^ ^.,^,1. .«Lt.. t 3 - E - to the two oontraoting Poip9T8: Hi! Majoity Henolik II » King of Kljogs of Sthlopls, in tho namo of the Bnplro, and Bobort P. Sklnnor, in tbo naae of tho United States of Amerloa, hare agreed and stipulated that lAiloh followa: ARTICLB I. The oltlEone of the two Powers, like the oltlsens of other oonntrles, shall he able ftssly to trarel and to transaot business thronghont the extent of the territories of the two oontraoting Powers, while respsoting the usages and submitting themselres to the tribunals of the oountries in whioh they may be looated. ARTICIE II. In order to faoilitate oouBeroial relations, the twe Gorernments shall assure, throughout the extent of their respect iTO territories, the security of those engaged in business therein, and of their property. ARTICLE HI. The two oontraoting GoremsMnts shall reoiprooally grant to all oitisens of the United States of Amerioa and ts the oitisens of Bthiopia, all the advantagss whioh they shall aeoord to other Powers in rsapeot to oustoms duties, imposts and Jurisdiotlon Artiols \ *\ , -«' 'TV mm ; . j^.*^'^ . V * — (» - 8 - AJiTICLB IV. Throughout th« txtont of tho Bthioplan Biiplro , tht oltlsone of tho Unitol Statos of Amorioa shall hare tho IL80 of tho tolegraphs, poate and all other meanB of trana- portation upon the eame terms as the oitizens of other Ponera. ARTICLE 7. In orAor to porpotuate and atrongthon the friendly relations which exist hetween Sthiopia and tho United. Statos of Aaorioa, the two OoTermentB i^oo to rooelTO roeiprooall7» reproBontatiTOS aooeptitble to tho two OoTomaontSy Tkaso represent at ires shall not, howoTor, be maintained at their posts, xinless they are agreeable to the roooiTing Power » in suoh oases, they shall be replaced. ARTICLE TI. The duration of the present treaty shall be ten years. It is understood that at the expiration of these ten years the two GoTomments shall be able to BOdify all or any part of this treaty. The GoTomment which shall request at that time the aodi float ion, shall make its proposal to the other GoTomment one year before tho expiration of the treaty. ARTICLE Til. The present treaty shall take effect if ratified by the GoTomment of tho United States, and if this ratitioatioa shall % /• • & t o - 4 . shall be notifUd to Hia Majaaty Mane Ilk II , Eliig of Klnga of Ethiopia, wlthla tlia parlod of one year, Hla Majaaty Manellk II King of Klnga of Sthlopla, la the name of hla Baplra; Rahart P. Sklanar la Tlrtut of hia full powara. In the name of tha Ualtad Stataa of AiMrioa, hare algnad tha praaant treaty, written In double text, Anharlo » and Vrenoh, and in Identloal terms. Dona at Addle >Jlhaha, this aoTanteenth day of Daoembar, one thousand eight hnndrad and ninety-alx in the year of grace (oorr a spending to Daoember twanty-aeTonth, lf03) • (Baal of HEHBLIE II. ) (Signed) ROBERT P. SKINKER. And wheraaa It la proridad by the said treaty that it shall take effaot "If ratified by the Goremment of the Unltad Stataa of Aaerioa and if this ratifioatlon shall be notifiad to His Majaaty King Menelit II, King of Kinga of Ethiopia, within the period of one year"; And whereas the said treaty has been duly ratified on the part of tha United Stataa of Amarioa and notlfioatioa of such ratification was glTon to His Majesty Menellk II, King of Kings of Ethiopia, on the second day of Angnat, one thousand nine hnndrad and four; Jlow, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Rooseralt, Prasident of the United Stataa of ABarica, hare oatiaed the said treaty ft I r f|^ « •i ; .-.i- ( .1 . , • • trvatj to b« made poblio , to th« and that tha aana and arary i^ artiola and olauaa tliaraaf may be obaerrad and fulfilled wltli good faith by the United States and the oitizena thereof. In te8t|.mony whereof, I hare hereunto set ny hand and oatised the seal of the United States of Imerioa te be affixed. Done at the Oity of Washington, this thirtieth day of September, ia the year of our Lord one thousand nine hnndred and fotir, and of the Independenoe of the United States of Amerioa the one hundred and twe nty -ninth • (SSIL) By the President: Pranois B. Loomis. THSODOBB ROOSBT5I2P. Aeting Seoretary of State . .■ >) ^^ V *■» t. • K.^.r^. *r^ \ o -^ JLPPBTOIX B« TREATY BBTWBEH THE UlITBD STATES ABP BTHIOPU, 31gM«d ftt AdAls-^ba¥a» JvM &7, 1914. Ratification AdrUMd by tha Sanat*, Stptamb«r 16, 1914. Batlflat by tha Praaliaat, Saptambar 19. 1914. Prlnoa Lldj Yaaeou lotlflad ox Batlfloatloa, Daoembar SO, 1914. ProolalBBd, Anguat 9» 1920. By th» Prasldent of tha United Statas of Amerloa. A PBOCLAMATIOH. Whereas, a Treaty between the United States of Anerloa and the Ethiopian Empire, to regulate and doTolop the oomner- olal relations between the two oountrles, waa oonoluded by their respeotlye plenipotentiaries at Addle-Ababa, on the twenty -serenth day of June , one thonaand nine hundred and fourteen, the original of whioh Treaty, being la English and Amharlo , is word for word as followa: f Treaty of Coiaeroe. His Royal Highness, Prlnoe Lldj Yaaeou, suocessor of Manellk: II, King of Kings of Ethiopia and the United States of Amerloa, harlng agreed to regnlate the oonmeroial relations between the two oonntries and develop them, and render them more and more adTantageons to the two oontraotiog Powers: His Hoyal Highness, Prlnoe Lidj Yasaon In the name of the Saplre « and John Q. Wood, in tha name of the United States of Amerloa, s hare agreed and stipulated that whioh followa: Artlele « \*t: ■■> - 2 - AETICLE I. The oitlzene of the two Powers, like the oltizene of other oountrlee, shall be able freely to travel and to traneaot buBlnees throughout the extent of the territories of the two oontraoting Powers* AETICLE II. In order to facilitate oomneroial relatione, the two Governments shall assure, throughout the extent of their respeotive terri- tories, the security of those engaged in business therein, and of their props rty. ARTICLE III. The two oontraoting Governments shall reoiprooally grant to all oitizens of the United States of America and to the citizens of Ethiopia, all the advantages whioh they shall accord to the most favored Power in respect to customs duties, imposts euid jurisdiction. articij: IV. Throughout the extent of the Ethiopian Empire, the citizens of the United Stateii of America shall have the use of the telegraphs, posts and all other means of transportation upon the same terms as the citizens of Ethiopia or of the most favored foreign Power* ARTICLE V. In order to perpetuate and strengthen the friendly relations whioli exist between Ethiopia and the United states of America, the two Gorerxmentb V ,. V. J* « k ^ / . ' A V t i ^- !l (■) 1 - 5 - Governmente agre* to reoeiye reoiprooally , represeDtatiyaB aooeptable to the two GoTemments; Diplomat lo re pre sent at lye e appointed by either Goreriment who are not aooeptable to the Goyerxment to whioh they are aooredited shall be replaced. ARTICLE VI. ThiB treaty shall continue in foroe for a period of fotir « years after the date of its ratifioation by the GoTemment of the United States. If neither of the oontraoting parties, one year before the expiration of that period, notifies offioially its determination to terminate the treaty, it shall remain in foroe for a further period of ten years; and so on thereafter nnless notioe is giren offioially by one of the oontraoting Powers, one year before the expira- tion of said period, of its intention to terminate said treaty. ARTICLE VII, The present treaty shall take effect if ratified by the Goremment of the United States, and if this ratifioation shall be notified to His Royal Hi^ness Prince Lidj Tsseou, successor of Uenelik II, King of Kings of Ethiopia within the period of six months. His Royal Highness Prinoe Lidj Yaeson in the name of his Empire; and John Q. Wood in virtue of his fall powers, ia the name of the United States of Amerioa, hare signed th« present I' * ^ > « ■ » ^ » *!-■■ ^ r 1 - 4 - present treaty, written in double text, Amharlo and Englieli and in Identioal temuB. Done at Addle-Ababa, this twenty aerenth day of June, one thotisand nine brmdred and fourteen. In the year of our Lord. JOHI Q. IDOD (''eal of Prlnoe Lid J Yaesou) (Amhaxlo text not printed.) And, Whereas, by Article YII of the said Treaty it is proTlded that the said Treaty shall ta):e effeot if ratified by the GoTemment of the United States, and if this ratlfloatloB shall be notified to His Royal Highness, Prlnoe LidJ Tassou, suooesaor of Kenelik II, Elng of Kings of * Ethiopia, within the period of six months; And whereas the said Treaty was dvly ratified by the Oofernment of the United States, and the said ratifioation was notified to His Royal Highness Prlnoe Lidj Yavsou on Deoember 20, 1914; low, therefore, be it luiown that I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of Anerloa, hare oaused the said Treaty to be made publlo , to the end that the same and OTory artlole and olause thereof may be obserred and fulfilled by the United States and the oltlzene thereof. In testimony ilhereof , I hare hereuato set ny hand and oaused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done " 1 ■■ " * / ♦ % ; r i . "■ V I . 5 - Colxoiibla \ liigiisi V. SEAL twenty, an& of the Independence of the United Anerl VOOSBOW WILSOI By the President: BAIFBRIDGE COIBT Secretary of State. ^^ i I -bi4*b^^>.». >.' t ft 1 ^ 1 w \ v.--^- >« # • ■"^ *-' • , ^- XM-MM-U'-n'" Addis - Abeba le 16 Hoverabre 1923 -.v^« d r r I \ I Sii^p^^ DIVISMII Of NeAR lASTCm AfrAIRS. ■■ III— ^— — ^i^^ii^i——— ^^«r— i| mm £fe \ ^•v *■ • V Vctre Excellence •^/ •>*. . J,ai l,honneur 2l vous accuBer rfecfeption de votre estlmfee lettre du 27 Septembre dernier , et vous remercle , Monsieur le ^ President , que vous avez bien voulu r^pondre k ma lettre en date du 29 Mai fecoulfe , lettre que j,avaia adrees^ au regrett^ President hardirgj^ f IJ -«* Ainsi que J, avals eu ^raaintes reprises la f aveucj ?* d,^crire & votre illustre prfedeceseeur , Je saiais cette nouvelle occa^ 8 ion de renouveler 2i Monsieur le President que J, attache une importajioii parttlWil r^re il,^tablisaement dee relations d,arniti^ et de commerce ^.M^tSSf -^4^ ♦ ^ »»:iri-. le« Stats- Unis et l^Ethiopie • C^est pourqucl ^ Je serais pour ma ' « part trfee heiireLLX de contribuer non seulement S.re886rer et A fortifier lefl liens d^amiti^ dfeja exiatant , mals aussi ^les d^velopper sur des bases ■ ■ ■. ; 5l solides , dans l,lnt^ret des deux pays • :^ r. Je vous remercle egalement , Monsieur le Pr^sident^' fr. qua vous voulez bien vous int^resser aux Aleves Ethlopiens qui font actual** lenent leurs etudes i Muskingum college li Hew Concord • J^espere que grdiOa 2l1 f education saine quails recoivent et l,appui moral qu,ils ont trouv^ aux Etats- Unis , lis pourront rendre ^leur pays de signal^s services , si bien que l,Am^rlque sera assurfement le berceau ideal de 1, instruction de la, Jeunesse Ethlopienne • •i^.-„f Veuillez agreer f Monsieur le Prfeeident , 1^488ur8uice de ma tr^s haute consideration 4 ^Vavlv^-IM'' % if: • ;: ' , •;. ■■"■ ■ ^o^Jftl^ellence • '. Xonslfir OalYln Coolidge ?rt8ld|nt de 19. MpOWl w m Btati * t_ H^ritier du tr6nee\ BJbei&n% de If empire d,EtMople • init» t WasMngioo 0M.8 f Acldls - A>»e>)«, ^OTemlier lii,1923. r liare the honor of ackn-^^ledel the receipt of yemr eeteei.ed letter of Septeml:)er 2^ last, and of thankjag .yOu, liT. Preeident, that you have \)eea to kind as to reply to my letter unaer aate of May 29^ past^ letter which I had aAArossed to the lamented Preeident Harcing. Ah T had had on manay ocaaeloms the privilege of writ.i!fc te your illmatrldue predeeeeeor, i avail. layself of this new •]?- p«rtunity to r«eall t© Mr.th* President that I atta«h a very •pecisl importance in the estbhlishrnent of relation* of friend- ship a:d of coBuneree between the United States and Ethiopia. That is why, I should ^be for my part aost happy to contrlliute not * • only o draw closer and to stronjjthen th^ ties of friendship alreac'/^ existing, "but also to develop t^^em upon solid founda- tions, in the interest of the two countries. T thenk You likewise, ur. President for having laeen so ^ kind 00 to lAt*tf^st yourself in the Vthioplen students who are --{lUrsui^ their studies at tb o pr^^sent time at Muekinguui :^ollege at BOW Comoord. I hope that, thanks to the sound education that they iJiay receive and the mor^il support th^t they have found in the United States, they will he a>)le to render to their country signal services, so that America will be assuredly the ideal cradle of instruction of the Ethiopian youth.. t Be pleased to accept, Mr. President, the assuranee of my very high consideration. (Signature ) Heir, of the throna ana Regent of the Umpire of Tthl^pla. X' Bis txcelleridy Kr. CalTin C«olid% MAR 21 1924 Has Mr. Wright.j:fiifi£rei jt^^ you a file on the appointment of a representative by this Govern- ment to Alyyssinia? If SO. he would like to have them returned to 3A as 6 0on as convenient with your comments. Will 1 ^ ; . ' J » • V . , 4 ^. » . . "« ' • .•" V r . z' \) ^^^y.A] IC B MAR 13 i::'. llMlNT Of ■* . *% ^ rw ■I .t. ; »• » , .'; V " f J ; » *t^ I 4 r ♦ • ^ ii • -T - ...J .1 .;f DKPAItTMKNT OF STATK ^ td-' DIVISION OF NEAR KASTERN AFFAIRS % t Ut. Wright: 17. 1984 . . V'. Too win be Interested in the » • ? attached ll/ter from the Prince Regent i^ of Abyssinia. In this connection I shall be greatly interested to know whether any progress has been made 1^- '; - ^^'' in the matter of selecting a repre- esntatlTe for Abyssinia. ■^ '■ ••V » t V IS«>AWD:YT. .-*■•• ^ ■, 4 : • ^ - Y S., - v> . r 4 • ' ^' *. t ' .< < ill ^ '9' > \ - A. _,1tg )( ^i (• 1 «li^*a«WWw>i*M 1^ II «■ -«HB^Ma«ia>i«aM>^aft. •■■_«■ i V j: f * ^' p I ^ / \ t « renouveler , que tous mes efforts tenderont , par tous les moyens possibles , k raffermir et a d(5velopper les liens d.amitl^ et d^intt^ret , entre nos deux pays ; que mon gouvememont , afin d.attteindre ce but a les meil- leures dispositions a prendre en parfaite consideration et a etudier avec le plus grand soin , toutes sugges- tions qui lui seraient formuldes de la part du gouver- nemont Americain. Veuillez agreer , Llonsieur le Sdcr^'taire Q,j]tat , 1, assurance de ma haute co, ?:U rft? 'i^V' cO tion . \r- y * •' • f^ . * * ' * '^i It — ■ 1' ■t } \ I 1 f" .m^ *"--;»« *. -. *f » >v ■ / i. I iif^ 4.. ^ lioxifcjieur Charles Hughes # SJcretaire d, Btat fciLX uffr^iiee Btfemgereb Mi^tatB - Unis ) •v "T »■ .t* .', '»•.. ..v^ Washington ..V ^ HMMMMBIMI '■'^% 86826 ^ / - i 'f*^ 4 f ■ ^ «.!. ^". 4 » * r.. i. f TB1I3UTI0I. \ ^ (>\0^^ ' .' HIS IMPBHIAI HiraiSSS MAR '''-' to * •^ ^\y ' "' U "0- to th« Tbrone of Bthiopia to Hr* Charl«8 Hn^os Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Washington ■r. Seoretary of Stater I take great pleasure in aoknoi[a.edgi^ the re- / -- eeipt of your kind letter dated the 16th of NoTember last, and thank yon for ^e 'expression of high eonrtesy^ irtiich aarks your letter* As I hSTo had ssny opportunities to write to the lam«ited President Harding and to Prssldent Ceolidge I also take this epportunity to renew to you, Kr» Seere- tary of Stat«, the assuranoes thst all my efforts will )>e ^ent in oTory possible way towards strengthening and de- reloping the ties of friendship and interests between our two eoantries; that mj GoTermient in order to attain that goal is so at willing to take into full eonsi deration and examine with the greatest ears any suggestions that may be ofisred on the part of the Ameriean Cofemment* Be pleased to aectpt, ete* H V \ ^ fnK&I KAKOVISI T-JV-lfC-SS N \ H 1 1 '< ■i l i^mm m > — ■ ■^■■*'W *' "^■w*ti<» I I BIS IMFBBUI. BimSSS to 399TttmTf of Stat« for yoroigA Affntrs WoolilBftmi, ■r« S«orotar7 of Stoto: I tako groat plaoots^a in »ekxioia.odfixig tlio ro* oolpt of jovr kioi lottor tmtoA tho I6tb of loroil^or « l*ot« md thank joa for tho osyroaoios of blgb ooartoaj albieh sarka joar lottor* Aa I haro bat aany opportanltlao to wrlto to tho laB«to4 Proolioat Hardlag aai to Prooiiost CoollAfo I aloo tako thla OFP^^v^i^ ^ ronoo to foa» Kr* Soort* tarj of Stata» tho aaaoranooo that all mj offorto will bo hont itt oTorj pooalhlo wmj tooardo atroafthOBlBf aad do- ▼olofiof tho tioo of fJrloBdOhlp aod Istorooto botooon our too oooBtrioot that mj 9oto t in ordor to attaiB that goal U aoat oUliiw U toko iato fOll ld03 itlott and ozaalao with tho groatoot oaro any oaggoatioao that aay bo offorod OB tho part of tho Bo ploaaod to ao«Oft« oto. rl mU nmi IdCOBBBB ¥-JV-HF0-83 N • s -^. 4;^' m. • •- . »«» ■ » - .■«- ► 3 1 f ■ ■' * \ \ 1 ) Department OF.iirATE ,.' \^^Jl^ T\t THIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY »f' rtbruaiy 2T, 1924 Hr. H«ngttl*rt Be. Hr* Oarrt Iha^ It tlM ■Mh.ixkizy n«o«tta>y for th« ••t«:b1.1tfM»Bt of a BlplOHttie Igfaay aat Oonaulatt in « oovBtry for ttao flnt tlatt If a ooaoalar offloor of •nffleivitlj hti^ node wort eliottia voxdd tho %attt iOA of tn tpproyrlatlOB for hit talaij m Mploaatle Aflmt M voll ko lyyr— olwd fro« a 4U.fforoBt Mgl^ tlMA if a MplMatle 8ocrotav;f voro ehotta for toili a potitloa, or if a fall- flalMt Dtploaatio Mitt Ion voro dotondatt OpOB* JWtB V ^;-. ' ■» ^ ft • I . ' - ,'^H •i* » ,* '% • I. .»,• lA flS • !. ? '■■• t ..■> . Department of State The Third Assis^^nt Secretary bruary 18, 1924 Mr. Wrig A gefftleraan from HE brought this down this morning and ^tated that before reoommendlng this to the President he would like to know whether it is your idea to make the representatiTe a Diplomatic Agent and Consul General, as indicated in your last paragraph, or a Mini a- ter, which would be more in line with the rank of the representatlTeG of other countries. (See your mext to last paragraph) ■•■V > '■•. '-*»■■ * ^■Hb^A #' . I, ■M, \ 1< t .' « t. .' \ r J ; *'K ii } u Irl' 1 ■• % I JA mMt.^»*Mm::.-^tJi Jr.; ■u.'^ < r- A. . .>, » » DEPARTMENT OF STATE ^ft OFFICE OF THK SECRETARY GuJ '^- 7«1>, 18th Wright:- 3A Th« Secretary approree of this and askB that a latter of recommendation be prapared to the President containing the haflis of grounds* LHG *>• ■x\ . - f. i 1 *• ■ »" ' ,^ . '/^ i i»^. V:->: / ' \ 1^ i - ' * f ' 'v •* *'t . •: y , i f ' •'« * ' I » I I » J t ^ ' . > - * >. r I I .. L DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC BUREAU February 29, 19^4. 3A hr. Wri>^iyt: On account of Lr. Jarr's technical acquaintance with the budjp^et system, I am sure th^^t the machinery neces- sary for the establishment of an A,p^ency and Consulate ^' General is more within his knowledge than it is within mine. I venture, however, to submit that the 'procedure necessary for the establishment of such an office is as follows: y The Secretary of dent all the facts in menda tions , for the Pre deems it advisable to an Agent and Consul Ge a fund to pay the sala should grant the ^.utho the President would th of tiie person ne desir General. Tnis person ficer or diplomatic se the President by the S if a consulai' officer tion for his salary as different an^le than i for the Dosition, or i were d tcrn.ined ucon. State should la^ before the Presi- the matter, together with his recom- sident's consideration whether he ask Congress for authority to appoint neral, and for the appropriation of ry of that officer. If Congress rity and provide the necessary funds, en send to tae oenate the nom.ination ed to appoint as Agent and Consul wouid probably be a consular of- cretary of high rank recommended to ecretary of estate. I do not t xink that were chosen the question of an appropria Agent would be approached from a f a diplomatic secretary were chosen f a full-f 1 ed.-ed diL^lomatic m^ission Funds for clerical assistance and the maintenance of the office are questions ti.\t will also nave to be considered. The following taoulaticn will show now we are now usin^ the diplomatic clei-k hire appropriation: Clerk .lire . Annual Salary rate of clerks now employee 4343,751 Salaries of outgoing and incom.ing clerks in transit at the same time . . • . 249 Allowances to clerks at Peking based on rate of exchange 4,500 3ud»^^et Reserve 1,500 Amount cf Approor i-^ t ion ^350, OCO • r-'""f It ^ 1. %J "' Ir :.'■! • • ♦- . ♦•-~ '^ L. # t S-r '^■■•407^ l""»«<"J -ry--'^ .1 I M V.f •' <-a ^ 9 ' DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIPLOMATIC BUREAU - 2 - \ it will ue seen from this tabulation t of the appropriation is obli^-ated, 'inci that a clerk for the A^enc^ and Consulate Genera appropriation unless such clerk is taken fr limoassies or Legations, The information av indicate that any iimbassi or Le^^ation is ov clerks. On the contrary, four or five of t the -Dep'irtnient for additional clerical assi tnerefore, that if Gonrress authorizes the an Agency and Consulate General, it should provide for the sal-^ry of a clerk. That sa should not be less than ^^^,500, hat ev'-ry dollar we cannot provide 1 from our present om one of the T ilable does not erstaffed with hem are pressing stance. it appears, establishment of at the same time lary, in my opinion. As to the n.aintenance of the office 1 hazard the opinion that if there were not too man^ e:xtraord inary e:xpenses arising from such contingencies as trie e-irthquake in Japan and in- creased activities at Iv-exico Git^, Cons t^-dn t i nople ^nd Atnens by reason of the establishment of full-fledged missions at triese places, the i'epartment could meet the expenses from a contingent fund of 4720,000, which is the amount carried in the Budget for 19^5, and v.'nich is ^i,10,000 less than the appro- priation for the same purpose for the current fiscal year. It would be dangerous, nowever, to attemot to do this, and it appears to me that this would be a sound argument to use in an endeavor to get the -director of the Bureau of the Budget to restore the ^10,000, making the 'appropriation for 1925 4730,000, which is the amount provided for the current fiscal year. Di-.VES/i^-^L %>H yTti% aboT» 0eoiB9 to be corr ot in to far as th« establish* \j^ Beat of a dlplosatic office is cencetae4 except that I do not thin% the Preeideat has X% obtain peraissioa or authority from Ceagrees f er tliA appointment, ethe0 than ooifiraatioa by the Senate, but ho doee have tefget autherl*^ te i>ay salary to euoh officer. If a Coneulate ie to bo eetabliehed, no a_j:tion by Congreee is aeceesary, the pf^Xlf thing nsoeeeary being for one of the present eervico to be soleotei apd c< nissioned there. -i ir fi ^ -7 dbri.- ■ N t , < ^t ♦ • iSMS mmm ttiMi mm daiM iimtm mMl^ ii // / / f DEPARTMENT OF STATE OFFICE OF TI^M THIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY February 11, 19 24. The Secretary: v7 h^yU^^^t^ cc- CU^^-y I attach two meraoranda from Mr. IXilles, Chle Division of Hear Eastern Affairs reoommending that this country be represented in Abyssinia. The papers supporting the memorandum of December 13 are retained in this office in case reference thereto is desirable. In the first of these memoranda it is suggested that a Diplomatic or Consular officer might be detailed to make an investigation in order to supply data in support of any request that we might make of Congress for an appropriation for such a mission. The report of Consul Davis attached to the second memorandum reports the result of his unofficial visit to Adis Abeba, and supports the recommendation of Mr. Dulles for such representation. Should such representation be determined upon, it would appear undesirable that our representatives be inferior in rank to those of other countries who enjoy either full diplo- matic status or that of Diplomatic Agents and Consuls General. It is. therefore, recommended that such represert ation be established in the form of a Diplomatic Agency and Consulate General, the incumbent of the office to be chosen from the Diplomatic mmT Consular officers of career. JBW : E f. a '^•l r r. *% %'? . A :< ) • ^ . f ■« DEPARTMENT OF STATE OFFICE OP THE THIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY ^•taiiary 11, 1924* The Secretary: « The Under Secretary: I attaoh two memoranda from Ut, Pullea, Chief of the DlTision of Bear Saetern Affairs recommending that this country be represented in AVyssinia* The papers supporting the memorandum of December IS are retained in this office in case reference thereto is desirahle. In the first of these memoranda it is enggested that a Diplomatic or Consular officer might be detailed to meke an inrestigatioa in order to supply data in support of any request that ve might make of Congress for an appropriation for such a mission. The report of Consul DaTis attached to the second memorandum reports the result of his unofficial visit to Adis Abeba. and supports the recommendation of Mr. Dulles for such representation* Should such representation be determined upon, it would appear undesirable that our representatiTes be inferior in rank to those of other countries who enjoy either full diplo- matic status or that of Diplomatic Agents and Consuls General. It is, therefore, recommended that such represeitation be established in the form of a Diplomatic Agency and Consulate General, the incumbent of the office to be chosen from the Diplomatic and Consular officers of oareet. ^.___ JBW:£ . f^t ■«. V*.'' I ' 1 } DEPARTMENT OF STATE ^JJ> <\.W* Division of Near Eastern Affairs D«oeinber 13, 1923, Mr, Wright: I attaoh a statement prepared by Mr, La^in of this office with regard to the desirability of Amerioan representation in Abyssinia, together with correspon- denoe which relates to this question. I feel that it is important that we should be so represented and in ease you do not consider that the information which the Department now has before it is sufficient to justify this action I would suggest that ininediat# steps be taken to oarry out a thorough inyestigation of the situation in Abyssinia with a view to adopting a course of action calculated to protect our interests in Abyssinia and promote better relations between the two countries. A diplomatic or consular officer might be detailed to make such an inyestigation to cover possibly a period of six months so that we could have before us data to give to Congress should it be necessary to ask for an appropriation for such a mission. As far as I can ascertain persons familiar with the situation in Abyssinia are in agreement as to the desirability of American representation^ in that country* — ' -S. II ^ " ^» ■■ tm^'m^m^td^ ^«« ■■ I I t^tt^tfmmimtm** y. i . ■ k > *i ■■'■■- r DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs Beoambor 6, 1923 '.M ABYSSIJillA (BTHIOPIA)« RBOQMMKNDATIOS FOE RaOPBMIJSIG OJ'FIGE AT ADDIS ABEBA. \\ ). Addle Abeba Is the o&pltal of Abyselnla, a oountry of about 400,000 square miles In extent, with a popula- tion estimated at nearly 10,000,000 inhabitants. In 1920, the total trade of the country was close to $10,000^000, a large part of which was with the United States • In reoommending the reopening of the office at Addis Abeba, I will discuss it under the following heads: !• FOR TRADE gXTEUSIOJI. (Imports from the United States,) At present the leading imports from the United States are cotton piece goods and kerosene* The standard of living is low, but with the development of agricultur- al industries there should also be a market for that type of machinery. Certain foodstuffs (canned), road- building machinery, electrical appliances, and motor oars. would ■•»- -- -ii'r T •''**"**Hf#l ^ ' > i •» > • • ♦.;••» » - - ~ ' ' MMMMHItf , f ^ "" \ DEPARTMENT OF STATE ! I I Division of near Eastern Affairs -2- would follow slowly. There could be developed also a demand for hardware, paints and varnishes, and woodwork- I. ing machinery. 2. FPU TRADiL ^FACILITATION, (firports to the United States.) Abyssinia exports hides and slcins, ooffee, civet, ivory, wax, and gnins to the United States* Statistics are not available, but the highest annual value reached would probably be in the neighborhood of |2. 000, 000. This would possibly not show any appreciable increase for some time but is worthy of consideration. 3. ?0E PKOTEGTIOM OP TiJE PUBLIC HBALTH. Abyssinia has no ports for seagoing vessels, and there is practical- ly no emigration to the United States, At present there are shipped many hides and skins, certificates to the non- infection of which must be granted by the Consul at Aden. This does not meet the requirements of the Department of Agriculture that certificates be granted by the Consul in the "oountry of origin, '^ and it is now understood that agriculture is promulgating even stricter regulations in this matter, and, in oase oartifioates should not be ac- ceptable from the Consul at Aden, a great industry would be seriously hampered in the United States and Abyssinian exporters •j. / '•' V ' .-» > ". . I I I '-t -W" DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs -3- oxportars put to great difficulty ^jid expense . An offioer in Addis A.beba to isaue such oertifioatee would obviate this difficulty. 4. FOR Tiia PBOT£)GTIOIJ Oi;^ JBXISTIiJG Oh mTsiUTlAL AMBRI- QAH lUTEHBSTS, The ohi«f existing American interests in Abyssinia are the Anglo-American oil concessions in Harrar Proyince, and the interests of Amerioan missionary enter- prise. The oil oonoessions are not, I believe being ex- ploited now, but with the reported presence of oil in Har- rar it is preferable that a representative be there when it begins to work and not afterwards ^ Furthermore, geologi- cal reports have indicated the presence in the country not only of oil but of sulphur, gold, silver, iron, and other minerals. There is now being constructed in Addis Abeba a mis- sion hospital, and it is probable that missionary efforts will increase from now on, thus necessitating the protec- tion of their interests. As to the potential interests, there exists the possibility of American capital becoming interested in the construction of railways, roads, and in the opening of oil and other mineral concessions. I I American •^ V •' "(.■" '*-i ,« ^' i • I DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs -4- Amerioan Intareets in Abyesinia are now in charge of the BrltlBh and while it Beoms they have done all that hae been actually neoeBsary to protect auoh interests, it aeems unfortunate that our ohief oommeroial competitor should be in charge of our interests there • Sxteneion of trade is what we need rather than protection at this time. The Italians have a concession to work the rich potash deposits on the western frontier between Abyssinia and Britrea; a concession for the importation of alcohol has been granted to a company said to represent the combined interests of Belgium, England and Frajice; an Armenian (a French subject) has been gr^^ted a concession to remove timber, to extract coal and other minerals, including oil, on a strip of land five kilometres on each side of the road from Mojo to Hawash (Province of Shoa) ; another Ar- menian (Flench subject also) has been granted a tobacco monopoly; a concession to sell matches has been given to (xreek; exportation of flaxseed to a Syrian; an institute of radiology is to be opened by a Gorsioan sent by Prance* These have been reported in despatches of OotoberlS and JJovembar 7, 1923, from the Consul at Aden* Supposing L V N t I I '--♦ .' **. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of near Eastern Affairs -6- Suppoeing eyen that the ralue of auoh monopolletlo grants has been oyer-estlmatad, it neverthelese shows the tendanoy of oommeroial interests in Abyssinia to obtain these special privileges, all of which are readily grant- ad by the Ba^e who thereby Is able to Incraaea hie ex- ohequer without any great effort on his part* Abyssinia is ooneiderod one of the richest countries in natural resources of the undeveloped portions of the world and unless we expect to be wholly excluded from participation therein^ now is the proper time to enter the field* 5* gOE POLIIIQAL QBSaBTATIQMe This is, I beliere, the strongest existing reason for maintaining a United States representatire in Ibysuinia. Surrounded as it is by Snglieh, Prenoh, and Italian territory, and with these nations striying to influence the nation politically as well as oonuneroially, it would appear even urgent that the United States have a representative on the ground, especially in view of the well-lmown bent of the Abyssin- _i HL, ians toward the United States and JLmerioans in general. The present sources of information are inadequate or un- reliable* Haturally, the representatives of other govern- ments now 6 It: .^^. II aifca ^Aiiiiiiiii tM I ■ I inAlMi'iia' MiMhii'*- - i *ia iMi ilhitli i* L < : i Mtl4i IMMi ■ JM*IM|J|. I II III m - -- ' — ^..a^-a.-.. A. . .• .... ...t^,.^...^. .. ^■..^i.A.,^.. ^ . ... at..A..,.,..,i Jk... ^.M,.. > . ,.... :W.^A*»-.i-. *■ DEPARTMENT OF STATE I 1. . Division of Near Eastern Affairs 1 I Consul General Skinner oonsldere it neoeaeary , Bootor Thomas Lambie, medioal missionary in Abyssinia, >» has strongly recommended it auid states that the Prince Begent has expressed to him his hopes that the United States will reopen its office there. Mr* Southard, who has made personal investigation in Abyssinia and conditions there, believes it absolutely essential to our interest to have a representative in Addis Abeba* l£r« £« Q. Wlllems, a representative of Itodge Brothers, after a recent trip to Addis Abeba, strongly recommended that an American representative be accredited to Abyssinia. My own knowledge of Abyssinia is founded upon observa- tions made in a trip to the capital in 1913 and during the ten and one-half months spent as Consul at Aden in 1921. There are not many suitable buildings In Addis Abeba to house a legation or consulate general, but the Prince Regent has promised to place one (a moderate-sized stone building) at the Grovernment ' s disposal or to donate ground ~ in case the Government should desire to erect its own build- ing. Liberal allowances would be necessary for the proper maintenance iiiia»iw^ A k f * 4 \ % •• DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern affairs -9- \ malntenanoo of an offlolal in Addle i.beba, due to the high cost of living for foreigners and in order adequately to uphold the prestige so essential in Ibyssinla. It is not thought that any officer (of grades mentioned above) could keep up appearances on less than from eight thousand to ten thousand dollars annually. Generous clerk hire and contingent expense allowanoea should also be made. It might be found desirable to send a diplomatic or consular officer, if one is available, to make & thorough investigation of conditions and report further upon the advisability of re-establishing the office at Addis Abeba, naturally, an officer conversant with conditions there would be able to render the most efficient service in this respect. All papers considered essential in the consideration N, of this matter are attached* >■ .» ■■ f' • i I •♦i^LS } - "I ^r . f * .. . MMlMikiyiHIli^ ■«MBMaMUMUMM*A liiilA — -•.-.--^- - .r^i..^>AA^..>l.■i;^^..^.,A...^il^i^^:*3L.4.*^. J^,^* ^4ll-* V •« I 'J — .»-► H 't DEPARTMENT OF S'mTE S'ti^' • K Division of near Eastern affairs Vebraary 9, 19£4 -v >\' ^HSMlAHf r^y Mr ICr ^^B 9 1924 » Wtlgh Carr : y^ I beliere that yon have before you a memorandmn recently prepared in this office, strongly urging that steps be tak^en to send an American representatlTe to W Abyssinia. I am glad to add Consul BsTis' recommenda- tion, as given in the attached despatch (lo. 179, January 15, 1924) to the recommendation in my recent memorandum. I would particularly call attention to Consul DaTis' statement that the American Colony in ▲lis Abeba will soon number over forty. The Consul aids : "••••••the magnitude of the work in itiich they are engaged, the position of importance and influence which an American representa- tiTo would immediately assume in Adis Abeba, seems to warrant representation." I sincerely hope that early action in this matter ocLn be taken. I feel that the facts of the case amply warrant it* UE-AWD: VT. ,f V. ■r '5T-v^-.Vr-_. >.«;. / DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern rssidsnt Im OU. sallsA to sse as to txprsss his great intsrsst la Aibyssla sad to lat^lrs as to kp^x attltuds toward that eoiiatvj* Ifep* Llasbargtr said that he had rsssatly ^rarslXsd frsa tihfcatl ■ «■ ^% \ .—I' t \ -■i' \ I* i', with las Safari, Prlaos Kogsat of Ihjsslala, who oxprossod his :/. - kson latorost In ontorlag Into olosor rotations with tho XTaitod 1 ■ Statos as ho doslrod to aoosrd prlrllocss la Ahysslala to Aasr- loaa oltlaons slnoo ho did not foar any altorlsr yolltloal aotlTos on tho part of tho Ualtod Statos In oonnsotlon with ooHssrelal or other eonoosslons* I told Mr* Llno^argor that tho ]>opartmont had under rory sorlsas oensldovatlen tho question of establishing a dlploBMitlo or oonsnlar alssloa at idls Xbaha, that we apjroolatod tho STBjathotlo attitude of tho Prlnoo Regent of Ibysstnla towards tho Ualtod States, and that It had onlj been the question of soourlag the nooossary appropriation as well as proper peorsoaas! . / • for \'^ ^ > . ' ^iMllHillM^itflkMIMBMHIihAkiMiMM. ■ -'■- "^ --"" ■" ■ " "- '■■■ DEPARTMENT OF STATE Division of Near Eastern Affairs 1 / - £ - for snoh & alsslon which had. delayed its eeta'bllshsent* I re- ferred to th# Tlsita to IbjBvinia ef Kessrs. EoffMui Philip, SUnner and 3outhaz^, of our treaty relations with Abyssinia and of our appreoiation of the iaportanee of establishing oloser political relations with that oountry at the earliest aiOAont • Ibr. Llneharger appeared gratified at this infozvation, i whioh he said he desired to pass on to Sas Iftfkiri, Prinoe Begent, with whoa he was corresponding, in the erent that I saw no ohjeotion. I told Ir* Linebarger that we had already infomed the Ras of our friendly attitude towards Abyssinia and of our plans of establishing a aission but that I saw no . ebjeotion to his writing if he desired to do so* l.WiD. ato/tt/gc ^ ■ * T •A ^1 f » i * I \ I ->. 1 1 •; . > I npimr mnifmwv^W • •■"' * ' '^ »-"'^'w?" '"«.wp«i|i.'w ^i»»- .*.i»s»— ^-~ DOCUMENT FILE NOTE ^ v^ •■ r- \: '■* . t '^ r. •y - « ' , -I ■ A> ■■'•; . . f- •■ - < ■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■ jii ■ II «nM "■• ■• '••<■ FROM >»^t Brltmim TO l.A^!^9?ttm^ ) DATED .™4!»!£5J?tJ?*t* 1— lur Qto I ■ ' REGARDING: Tislt Of Dr. J* MurtlB and S«er««ary to a* 8* protebly for porposo of arroaclBg for ootabllil— nt of dlplowttlo roproooBtatlOtt ^twooa A^olBia and U* 8* •' V ■ • . ,/. V * < •\ ;*. \- do ' v ;•• I . ^ I ' I ^ - » r t 1 1^- ■' f t .• .1 r .ft A^L- ? " \ 1 'y 1 .1*' i> iM fir^ - - ^ - ■■- ■ ■^ ~ -' — J(UU ^tt^^tumasMi »'■ '* e% $im 1-: 1,, 1- VKT-'-li' • NO. V '^ MOV • J^^-''^ J li--/ ^ ''^- "lERN AFFAIR AMERICAN CONSULATE Singapore, S* S«^ Oetobor 27th» 1927* Request for Manorandum on Treatj Relatlcxks ot TI*S»A« Wltli IbT-selnla (Ethiopia)* 5«^ tv^^ ^^ The Honorable The Secretary of State 4\ SIR: ^ H ^ \ \' J «' *•» A^^mtmrn ■ ' ■"*- ■-*- M. ^■■« Ho. January I3 1923 The Honorable V *-^ Addison B, SouthArd, Appointod Hlnistor Resident and Consal General of the United States to Xthiopia, In eare of the laerioan Consulate, Ad.en, Arabia. Sir: In replj to the request set forth im your despat^ lo. M8 of Oetober 2T, 1927, and sappleaentinc ^* iA~ fezaation oontained in the enelosores to the Departaent's ■^ speoial written instraetion of Deoeaber 1« 1927, the De* partaent takes pleasure in enelosin^ for jour infozaation a eopj of a aeaerandua •atitled ''Official Relations between the United States of Aaeriea and fhTSSinia" pre- pared in the Departaent's Dirisien of Kear lastem Affairs under date of May 14, 1923. The treat/ si^ied at Addis Ahaha /use 27, 1914, is the treaty at present in feree between the Uhited States and Xthiopia. Qie text ef this treaty is to be found in Teluas III, pa^s 2578 and 2A79, ef "Treaties, Cooreixtions, ^^-^ International Aets, Protoeels and A^reeaeats between the United States and Other Powers," a eepy of irtiioh is beio sent you at Addis Ababa. , Sir, Tour obedient eorraat. Enolosiire: Copy of memorandum, II Ot/OC as stated. For the Sodretary of State: NELSON TRUSLBR JOHNSON 7U.t4/« i '\ \2 , 1 0OP, •^<» ■». MMHIIHHaiHill ^P^Vffi mmmmmmmmmmmmmummmf^mm '■^^W^^■ 1 DOCUMENT FILE NOTE SEE .■.lJ^ii»^/l 1«.?A?>.» TO r iiouthurd j DATED —'^.•-A»-A??®.t NAME 1— lur oro t REGARDING :'^'^on^^^ attitude of iilthlopian UoTttniMnt to«ixil Mnmriovi r#pre ••ntat 1 on* .Mb- x_ ft I f >r > ' V .» ' ' ^ IT V A^ 4 t 'J 1 * ■ > - » 1 ' > • i . ^ ■-% s *^..., wi». Jii ■:rj 'W^' • »-«»^*,»»« -♦ • • » *^ ^ ' '■*[ > • H^l . » ■■■<— ^« •% ^ iMU AMkft* IfliHiiii. ftt yum< ■■(■--.■ / »» ■ ii»%l^jk A ^ - ;f V « ▼ f.ir * y r / '^ MNi 94 «-T^ alvt 2 flHnPP vHP u !• it •'■^ I k U 0|I%mM m fl«i%» «i JAito AkOt X flM% •f «a« it \m iMVt it* X lA \ nail ,■ * » ^-- ,^UT _ ^ — . I. ._^ l.-)- ^ ^ l^M .1 ^^ <^^:.:&< . k^M . . / a r' k ..^.k/S.^'l L J^. . '..^..iA..^. jm *^.a.. '>■ ,L * iStfttlttt' .M^^^tA^ • t - TM« ftttit»«« is wm% highly la^^rtuit la its«Xf • I •f tlM —rfm of pnllttloaiy d—pat> .--*.- -* — ^ «l ■Ml ■"-'-'•"' -- ■ ■MiM^MMiiiiiiylMMiMlUi^yiilk^aiiiiAiaii '^■■'^-'— ^■■-- ■" i—lri I iiM ('mil Mii '. { %im% Umj «BA«rstoo4 I carrli^ci only a Gtosuiar niliiiott may furtter optmd %• hi» that la m&ah awit %Im Aaarl gafar— at aaa aarlaialy net ahawlae praptr raapaat fwr tte aa^araiga atata af stkiopla* I «aa abla ta laaaaava tiM sthloplaa afflalal. aa4 to paint aut to hla tlia vaaNLlJig af mf Tha Miaiat«r af rmtmUgi Affaira tes alJMa lataXj to wm for tiM purpaaa of aagrlAS tlMt tta othar LOfatloaa hara ara aaaratljr araali •ppotfad to tba Ajaat laa& ana laat ostoblialiadi tiMtt tliay will dovbtlaaa faUoa tha «aiial loa- aX praotiaa and dlTaralon of vlila paring; irooolp to alalaad or amiay ua« lia aaid tliat I &hoiU.d Lgaora auah eoaalp aa mlihjht aaawaa to rapraaaat tha attitttda of tba ?.tki»piaa goramaant toaaz^a ua| that if I did haar anytliliie af ttai aort tha Prlaaa liagast aad ho aould appraaiata «ar aanaalt- l&r: thaai bafora siTias aay aaria«a tbou^t to tha allagatioaa* Tha L^raaant Britiaii tHalatary Xr« c. H« nantlaak, Ui» praaaaa aa aa h parhapa aildar aaHbar of ttiat aaall bat aall knomn atrataa of Sasllah po ulation to whOM tha Unitad ^tetaa ttBd ita eltlBaaa ara ato Jaat i oaabXa a» a aattar of traditioa* lia 1b obTiouaiy a aaatally t«ail hrad nam who aaiaaiwiv %• ha agra labia, hewairair aaaatiat &mk mttort Mqr ha* vmt t% U dlfflaalt fav kMm^ yarUemiany aadar tba aaaUaaal of aartalB aa mwaa Uaaal toplaa« ta kUa hla fiajadlaaa, I arlta thla paragiafli afhav raaaaaahly aataxa aaBaldavatifliu A^a tha Dapar^aMit*a yaaa g4 a aay iadiaata X hava aanad J lilsa aad raapaat tte mrittrt m a vail U tte laftifaaaa lailaatad, aa* tki* I hly s r '^-i A r - A - proTidss ymriMkpm ooii r«m«on f«r looal British «Mr»(ptloa of tlM mmXj ••tel>lialw4 Axmri^mn img^Ximk wmk Cmmmlm^ Qmwmnlm Kamtbmv r^^wmk si^vs oat of Urn pomwly oA AUliko oiiA Aiotnot or tlM EthiopUao fMr tko BritUH, wltii om otoTlotti&j ooatimry foollas tviordo \aori !annr io hot* •>■— im>A« :vhii« %im loool British Lo«RtioB hoaAIod AmoriooB iatojr«ots» ■ill ond oo^yoitttiTtly «»-> iBportoBt OS tboy vovo ot ttao tiHi« th^ oijsjod what ■l^iht bo t o m ofl m osrtoiB poyolMiIogtooX fmror with tho '4«pro»o onA iviBOO Ha^aat whMM 'toiir oovdiol ottitnAt to* varAo no is novor oooooolod* HUs uaAoubtoAly soTt our Brltioh oouolBs a oort of rootiipo at oourt in e^ttiac through ooaa of thtir ooa projoota* It alao oaahXad thaa ostoatationaly to patrvsiao aa« Tha Aaarioaa Lo^ttioa aaA COBoulato ooaoral takaa OT^r Aatrioan iatoraata onA th«a Appri^poa tho Rritiah I^a^ttloa of oao of Ita oaia aaaots ia •ortaln typoa of aa«otiatioAa vith tho ^thiopiaao* Than thara la thair irritatioa harUit Ita gaaaala in tho a till aaaattloA Laka Taaaa Awa aattar, vlth liilah tha Daparhaast la fart 1 tar ♦ sa aiah fiar tte prahahia thraa aaia nritiah Uraa for thair laak af aalaaat to tha oatahliahiat •f aa UBiriaaa Lagatiaa ia Rthi^pAa* I baliara caaoal CNMaimX indph Jm Tottaa vaa lafa—A ▼iaittiV tha BrAtiah Hpitiaa hara tkat tha aoHiai of aa iatviaaa rappaaaatatiipa« Aliat alaa tnili thajr aajrt HMf aaalA harAXy ha iapalita ♦. Ally i ip ii h ii u that Britii^ rapsMaadaht > -^ haro, or aXaaahava far that aattar* aaalA iaMlii tm fataUtF •• iMiaaailat tl^t lag af an /uanriaaa La«ati()n aaA oaaaalati oaaaval ia iAila 4 .J^ iB^- - - '«■- ■■»— -^^ii 4 - •* - ft • ImX «OttX4 IM aitiurml ttea Ito tiMB t« tvy wpyte lat«ii4*d to bo •••O: toA a« o wltai %o voomtotlont to do oilwrvioo vottlA m^anm bo vo^fiU. 01 to 11000 tlHir a0t —o^oooytly HUik otet llMjf ooy» or Tioo voroo* kaA t^ okaold «o aooopt Ii%ovolIjr vordo ohioh om bollod bgr obvlouo oiiiwwotoooioT Qmm ovo« oo ottgfOotoA oad oo oouXd bo oumoo%oA« aur VU%o tarol rooo«BO wlqr oor ropvoooartatioa hoio «b«1A a»% ooi^ro o olaoojpo Britloh wal aot flad o»botoa%iol loooona why wa olMttId bo ooXoomod w)M« ovjr oAfo obriottoXy not oo or Alroot iB attlMd OiO othoro* Z oliaod %o «bo 99taUm Uo% om of tholr aotlToo lo villi Brttloh foolia«o« Ttioro is tlw .y^a#->ltolioR % of fMt lMf»» ^ tuy o t lMi« Tbo jriowt BrltUL oad Italtea iH«f otoy (ttr* itttliiMi B. Oism) loM oro imtlaoti* llMf bf OOOl^BMltO W bM« of OB ntUtoA #i%lMU Alaa %lit Mbobllrtill f^VOOOBtOtlTO pffoirlAoo o lilMly of lottiBC %te AMMTlOOA t * «u otter *«iitoiioro** im UmIt •ylaloa • lOA VOOldaitlOttO OCAiBOt tliO fOOOO o«A •f •f oplo. Iiild— UlliTt M ia Ite BrltUh oibill— , Vliioli vo umwUmam ttte 0% looot fartly ot Ztaliam -t ^•; ■MHiMBai^i^iiAi ■tfBHMMIilMUfelMaUMl HMMMi^MMflliiilil ttHHO T-^ T- ■^-^ — »•■»—— — — - -w- »^ ^^^rr-^^^^n^w — I ^i I f ' T fj>^ 1 >Y 1/ ^. < .> • ^ • tfOoM b« liallan jMiXottiV cf the rattwr strlklne taTor wkitli %i>m united Wtes «nd lU •Itlsttms mxjoj «lth tte f^rW to astAbllsh thtmfe«lv«« &« first in fliTOr lmr«» (Idb and eostly ^rva^ats fti^o ooosUiBily e^Bt frwa tte ttal* \mm g/BiymrmmnX aoid mjPttX t«idLl]r to the B:thioplAA v«l*rs a»d looaX Xialiaa L&g^iloA for purpoo** of In^niti atiOA* Thd proooat torotary ofttho Itallaa Lo^fttioa horot mtm Murlo ?orta« is kiaoolf prebahlx o?oa aiadod oaoucm bat hd haa an m^lloh mXt% ho ovorlooka ao opp o y t aa ity for oaaatls ooaaoat ayoa ^ho Oaitod vtatoo» Ita iaotit»<- tioaov aad ita oittataa* Tha ailoinod aati ro of thO OOOOlIOd DlpUMtiO OOt« I tM lOOllMd to tiM olttoioii thot fbolr oooj o t coBBMito, oad aoio opoa ootloao 00 oooooloftt ^^ laiiUicod is •■ip vhoa it opfoopo ttot thoro to foTovoblo opp or to aity to laprooo th» sthlspioao thftt thi tmitod r^totoa* oar oitlioa , adid oup iaflmaoi^ ora Huoh o? op »f o tod Ist^nvitioaollp* ^■ hothor or aot thoip porolotoat offorto 00 to 1 1111 oaoo tho ^tlUoploao ikall bo oooooooAU. lo owr /^ ■ ♦» ttoh iB wQf prlAOipol roaooKi fiir vrltiod thlo ^j will Umo bo plaood oa fooord oa aoooaat oT Hm olbiiH— 't' 00 It aoo oppoopot dBd ia ta» Il|^ of t*l«li piiatbto » ♦ / - o - I It i.> no\. a 'parent why th« Frunoh Iats Baiiiit«ln»d a aoT*o or lose n4»utr«l attitude. ;«r!uip8 It Is b«o«iuie tho pr««#nt hare< d'Affa rec, '^riuiR de Od7*lMitb4ll«rd» am a of Xd£S« vltk fraijoo X*ft outsldo tlM do«r* Ia Ix teTO oom tlia }i#X4iftft« to oaj»tiir' lag. Tliooo aiio aXaia to bo faaillar with irthioplaB amtaX* Ity aaeart tbfit our atar t^lIX bo la %h» aaooadaaa/ Mdj tlX tha aarX/ opoalag of tho proalaod Xapaaaoo oaA IgjjUiia Ijogatloaa. o afeaXX -■^ m ^^ \ y -* ■ -'■■■" — ^ — -'■•-• '"■*-- -—- - -- -■■"'■*^ r - 10 • IQr furthsr oplalott is, homm^mr^ that «• Im^« littit te fmir* 'oxm &«lfiy luK lii««rmil«M« might ••■••iTuhly r«8ttlt for our pooolblo futujno ooAacMio oBtovyrioo hn9m Tot I find It dlfftomit to s«« how saoh ijitrlf^tt* aa4 pro •uro «• l8 pooolbXo, aat prolMblf, fron tb« ^^^turopoaa poworo oan Ni^t any frraat or ponrinoat offoot wymi tte fh^ov vitli vhleh tho rtbloplans rogard tiM TiBitod ntatoo of AMirloo* But tho •Ituatloi} Is oao v<1iloli olioul^i bo oonalAorod at leaat for its iraluo In th« In^jrprotatlon of pooalbia fut* ura dove lopnen te • Also th ropvooontatlTo haipo of our goTamKaat naiat bavo aloays la alnd thooo Torloua orooa ourroata and goldo hia at ^>a with oorrospondia^ diaorotloa* •Hfstakoa and sioundorotoBdlxma mitnht otbartrlsa oasily anoua. I ba-vo tbo honor to ha, 8lv, Tour obMioat Bor^imit* >AlBi.itor iioaidont and Conovl (loaoFal* A3G/JT I 7J — E*- •^MHMStaq y #^ r ' »- • » *• # 1^ UeGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis A'baba, Ethiopia. r V. • r I \ y August 1, 1928, 1/ ( I r I r \m- *. ^yr^r ^ «rc h\ (■♦RDISTRJBUUON ^> / 1/ r \ ' ^-'^ s77 No. 52 Tlie Honorable, 0,py Tranftmitted by '^b* Oo^O-dal Office (A-0/0) (i/M^^ ^4lfls The Secretary of State, V/ashington« •^! Sir: I bave the honor to transmit herewith an article head- ed "Les Etats-Unis d'Amerique et l»Ethiople" which appeared in the Ethiopian section of the periodical DER T^'ELTMARKT pub- i J ■ lished at Hanover, Germany, on June 21st, 1928. Two only of the original copies in printed form are available here. There- fore, three additional copies have been typewritten to oom- plete the appropriate number of enclosures. This article purports to be an interview with me shortly / after my arrival in Addis Ababa. This/ is not strictly ao- curate. The author, Doctor Erich iVelnzinger, is an Austrian journalist 4. iiai wm UHlHllMl f . ,#^--w % - . k &. m ■MM .-_ .^.iid i«* m* f ,1 V I if- \ - 2 - journalist resident in Ethiopia • He came and asked me for an interview which I told him was not permitted by the regu- lations of the American Foreign Service • He then asked me for my views on certain economic questions, which he said would not be used for publication* y!y actual remarks were all of studiedly innocuous character* Lly views on certain phases of thu political situation were asked and I told * Doctor 7/einzinger that I had not yet formed any opinions* 7/hile I have not been quoted definitely, or in compromis- ing manner, I note that the writer, particularly near the end of his article, has developed a strong inference possibly at- tributing to me a great deal more than I actually said* Hence this brief explanation of the circumstances of the genesis of ^ the article in so far as they may relate to me. As French is now so generally read and understood in the Department I have thought best not to make a translation and, in the interest of accuracy, to leave the article in the exact form in which it was written and published* Its various lit-- tle nuances are thus better preserved or retained* I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient 1 Enclosures ''Les Etats-Unis d^Ajnerique et l^Ethiopie." • f - , < . 4 ' f I ■ ■ t JiDcssinicn-KorrcspoHdciiz Correspondance d-Ethiopic Erscheint als Beilage zur Zeitschrift „Der Weltmarkt'\ Verlag von J. C. Koaig tL Ebhardt in Hannover Zw»€k d«r „Ab*Mlnl«ii*K«rr«tpond«BZ** itt die BerichUrsUittaai an dl« •aropliitch* 6freBtli chile It Aber die wirtschaftlichcn ond politischen Vorilnie In Ab«Miiil«B. Dat AbonBement di*t«r Korr««poBdeBz b«« rechtiit di« Fr«ts€ zum KotteBl««tB Nachdrock. Um ZaseadaBg von zw«l Belai«zeBiplarcB wird bAfllchtt g«beten. ond zwar an Dr. E. W • i n- zlBger. Addit Ababa (Ethiopi*), bofte pottale 144. Jahret- aboBB«iB«Bt£. 1.- Ertchtlnt monatllch. Die„Abe«siBlcn-Korr*tp«Bdenz** 1st dia erste and •inzig* PrcMa-Agantur AbetsiBlent. Wegen AbaBnementt and Aazelgen wend* Bkan sicb aa dta Verlag de« „Weltmarkt** la HaaBovcr (Daatsc bland); die Redaktlon betreffende Zaecbriften ■ende ouin aa Or. WelBzinger* Addis Ababa (Ethiepie). Le but de la « Correspondance d'Ethiople» est le rapprocbemciit ^o- nomique et social entre TEthiopie et T^tranger. fabonnement de cette « Correspondance » autorlse let Jouraaaz de reprodaire aos inforoiatioDs. PrUre envoyer deuz exemplalret justiflcatifs aa r^dactear : Dr. E. We I n- zlnger, Addis Ababa, Ethlopie. B. P. 144. AboBnemeat aaaael £* 1.- ParaissBBt cha^ae aiois. Pear Ics abonnements et annoBces, s'adresscr aa «Weltmarllt», Haanovre, Allemagae. — La « Correspondance d'Etbiopie» est la premiere et seale agence de presse uiiiiitiiiiiiMiiiiiMiiiHiintiiniiiiMiiiiniiiiiiniiiiiti en Ethlopie. iiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiniiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM / lis Ababa (Abessinlen), 15. Mai 1928 * Nr. 6 ik Hannover (DeuUchland), 21. Juni 1928 ** '**** - -♦.«**,'.,■ • _ , •- -^'0^r^ * -toPf^''*? y^'-fm^- «»*JII* ■c ,- Les Etats-Unis d'Amerique et rEthiopie. (D'un interview avec le ministry des Etats-Unis en Elhiopie.) o Addis Ababa, avril 1928. Le 27 d6cembre 1%3, les Etats-Unis conclurent avec I'Empire d'Ethiopie un traite de commerce qui est encore en vigueur. Le signatairc de cc traits, le Consul Q^n6ra! Skinner, fut le premier reprisentant am^ricain en Ethiopie. Plus tard, ce fut Mr. Hofman Philipp qui est actuellement ministre k Teheran. Le Dr. Love lui succ^da en 1910 et mourut en 1912 en Ethiopie. Le trai(6 en question, ^tant valable 10 ans, le Consul Q^n6ral John Q. Wood, le rcnouvela en 1914 et depuis cette epoque jusqu'au premier mars 1928, le poste d'un repr^sentant des Etats- Unis en Ethiopie rcsta vacant. A cette date, le Consul General A. Southard de Singapore fut nomme ministre-r^sident des Etats- Unis k Addis Ababa. On pcut supposer que la reprise des relations diploniatiques avec I'Am^riquc est due a I'habile initiative du Oouvcrnement d'Addis Ababa, seconde par I'opinion publiquc des Etals-Unis et surtout par les milieux commerciaux d'Amerique. Si I'Ethiopie en a pris I'initiativc, c'est par suite du desir de I'Angleterre d'appliquer le traits de 1902 conccmant le Lac Tana. Ind^pendcmmcnt de la solution de la grave question dti Ljic lana, I'Ethiopie ne pent que se f^liciter de la presence d'un ministre amt^ricain a Addis Ababa. Le premier mars, Mr. Southard presentait ses leltres de creance k rimp^ratrice Z6oditou et au Prince-Recent Tafari Makonnen. Cette solennit^ fut grandiose. Tous les dignitaires de I'Empire 6taicnt presents et 4000 gardes rendaient les honneurs; personne ne se souvicnt d'une reception aussi solennelle faitc a un ministre. La presence d'un repr^scntant americain en Ethiopie est d'une grande importance pour I'Ethiopie ct est loin de plairc k certaines puissances, ne pensant qu'^ leurs inl6iets coloniaux. Nous esp^rons que les milieux competents ^thiopiens ne voient dans cette desig- nation d'un ministre am6ricain qu'un soutien moral de leur inde- pcndance et quails scuiront en prof iter pour transformer par un travail continu cet and en empire en un ^tat moderne ce qui leur permettra de donner au peuple ethiopicn de meillcures conditions de vie ct fairc de ce pays une precieusc source de mati^rcs premieres pour I'^conomie mondiale, tout en sauvegardant les int^rSts des dements europ^ens qui y collaborent et qu on pritindaii Hrt fortement n^gUg^s dans cts derni/rs temps. J'ai eu I'occasion de causer avec le ministre americain qui habite avec sa famillc la maison de feu Fitaurari Apte Qeorgis, ministre de la guerre. A ma demandc, le ministre voulut bien me donner les motifs qui ont d6cid^ Ic Qouvernement Americain a remettrc en activity une legation en Ethiopie Le ministre me d^clara que cette decision X avait pour but unique de renouveler les relations com merciales entre les deux pays et qu'aucun motif politique — comme essaie de le pretendre une partie de la presse raondiale — ne s'y m^lait. Le discours que le ministre prononga lors de la presentation dc ses lettres de creance le prouve araplement, ce fut un simple dirfours de courtoisie Internationale. Reconnaissant I'importance future dc I'Ethiopie dans la politique africaine, les capitalistes americains csp^rcnt grace k cette nomi- nation tirer des avantages commerciaux de I'Ethiopie par suite de son developpement progressif La faculty d'achat du march^ eihiopien n'est pas encore suflisant en ce jour pour perraettrc a rAmerique d'y importer scs produits; le commerce d'Amerique a done le plus grand int^^t en cc moment k acheter en Ethiopie les mati^res premieres, necessaires k son industrie, telles que peaux, cuirs, caoutchouc, ivoire, civette et pcutctre certains miiieraux (mica); aujourd'hui, TAmeriquc achate pour son industrie du pneu le coton k tongue fibre en Egypte, qui serait achete en Ethiopie b'il y etait cultive. Le ministre etpere que la puissance d'achat de I'Ethiopie augmentera bientot ce qui permettra k son pays d'etre k la fois et vendeur et acheteur. Les capitalistes americains, selon son opinion, pensent moins a faire en ce moment des plantations qu'4 6tablir des cntreprises de routes et dc constructions diverscs. D'apr^s le ministre, on nc peut pas encore preciser quelle directive prendra le capital americain en Ethiopie. II faut d'abord construire des routts carrossables pour faciliter leb relations commerciales de I'Ethiopie avec le monde, c'est 1^ le seul moyen d'ecouler ses produits k I'etranger. Dans les cntreprises pouvant interesscr I'industrie aniericaine, il faut comprendre les constructions d' irrigation hydraaUque et sans y m^ler aucun caractere politique, dans un but purement commercial et int6ressant seulement I'industrie privee americainc. Par I'augmentation de ['exportation des mati^res premieres, Ic bien etre gen6ral du pays s'am^iorera et la civilisation se devclop- pera paralleleraent au progi^ du commerce. Le ministre specific dans notre entretien que rAmerique ne veut pas faire autre chose en Ethiopie que des affaires, que le point de vue politique ne I'inleressc pas, exception faitc cependant pour la protection de ses ressortissants et de la propriete am^ricaine, dans le cadre des trail^s intcnjationaux. Les futures entreprises americaines rapportcront sQrement de gros avantages reciprcques aux deux pays. Si Ton pensc que la fortune nationale de rAmerique etait de 90 milliards dc dollars (2250 milliards de francs fnngiis) en 1927, il est facile dc com- prendre que rAmerique cberche k plactr avantigcuscmcnt ses y / :?>- ■Mi^i^ttlili^^Mlftfefll^MMi Ate J Seite 30 Abessinien-Korrespondenz — Correspondance d'Ethiopie Nfr. 6 I i capitaux k I'etrangcr. Cc desir de travaill'^r id dans le sens indiqu^ ci-dessus est la meilleure preuve des sentiments amicaux du Oouvfrneitient ani^ricain qui ne desire que Ic vrai progr^s et l indipendance de L'Ethiopie. Je touche enfin a la delicate question du Lac Tana. D'apr^s la conception am^ricaine, le traite anglo-^thiopien de 1902, est-il toujours en vigueur? En diplomate avis6, le ministre n'a pas voulu r^pondre k cette question. Mais par la suite de la conver- sation, j'ai rimpression qu'en homme cojisciencieux, il est d'avis d'envisager les points suivants: Si le traits est valable (malgrd Topinion conlraire des sp^cia- listes en droit international comme Charles Dupuis et d'autres) la question reste un point d'honnete interpretation du traits. II suffirait de plus de savoir si, les travaux au Lac Tana etant faits, les eaux se dirigeraient toujours vers le Nil ou non? L'Ethiopie atelle besoin du consentement de I'Angleterre pour construire des barrages au Lac Tana ou peut-elle librement disposer de CCS travaux? Voil^ les trois grandes questions k r^soudre. Nous estimons que rAmerique se prononceta contre la con- struction d'un barrage par des entreprineurs am^ricaina dans le cas ou I'Angletene pourrait s'y opposer a*ttne fa^on justiffie! La question ne d^pendra plus alors, ni de Londres, ni d'Addis Ababa, ni de Washington; elle sera tranches k Oen^ve ou k la Hayeen plein jour et aux yeux de IV pinion publique intemationale. Dr. E. Wiinzinger, Aerztliches aus AbessinienJ Zum besseren Ventindnis der Qesundheitsverbilltnisse in Abessinien sei mir gestattet, ciniges uber das Land und seine Be- wohiier vorauszuschicken. Abessinien liegt zwischen 17'' und 4"" ndrdlicher Breite, also ganz in den Tropra; die Hauptstadt liegt auf dem Q^. Trotzdem haben nur die ij^tx gelegenen Randteile tropisches Klima, da der Hauptsache nach das Land ein Hochland ist mit cincr durchschnittlichen H6he fiber dem Mccre von 2000 bis 3000 m, fiber welches eine Anzahl hdherer Qipfcl, von welchen der hdchste 4600 m miBt, emporragen. Das Land ist zum grdBten Teil vnlkanisch. Dank der Erhebung Qber dem Meer hat der gr66te Teil von Abessinien ein gemifiigtes, auch dem Europfter zutrigliches Kiinia. Die Jahreszeiien unterscheiden sich weniger durch die Tempcratur als durch die Niederschlige. Man rechnet als Winter die trockene Jahreszeit, welche von Oktobcr bis Februar dauert. Es ist die kQhltte Zeit, wo es manchmal vorkommt, daB des Morgens etwas Reif die Wiesen bedeckt, wihrend auf den hohen Bergen Schree t§llt. Marz bis Mitte Juni ist der wftrmste Teil des Jahres und gleichzeitig die kleine Rrgenzeit, worauf nach einer Pause von einigen Wochen die groBc Regenzeit folgt, welche bis September dauert. Or6Bere FIQsse, welche ein paar Stunden vorher noch trocken lagen, fflhren dann hochgehende, lehrabraune Wellen, wahrend am folgenden Tage das FluBbelt wieder leer sein kann, wie ich dies in der Nihe von Dirre Daua erlebte, wo ein pl6tzlich angeschwol- lener Flufl die Brflcke durch Unterwaschung der Pfeiler unbrauch- bar machte. Die Niederschldge flieBen von der Wasserscheide, auf wclcher auch Addfs Ababa liegt, nach Westen und nach Osten. Die west- lichen ergieBen sich in den WeiBen und Blauen Nil und veranlassen wihrend der groBen Regenzeit die jihrliche Ueberschwemmung, welche die Ursache der Frucbtbarkcit des Niltales ist. Die nach Osten gehendcn Flflsse, auch die ganz groBen, versickern im Boden, wo das Hochland gegen den flachen KQstensaum abfilit, so daB dieser, das Soraaliland, da es dort auch nicht regnet, WQste ist. Zum schnelleren AbfluB der Niederschlige trftgt die Wald- armut des grdBeren Teiles des Landes bei. Die Al)essinier pflegten, wenn in der Umgcbung einer Siedlung der Wald abgochlagen war, nach einer waldrdchcren Qegend zu ziehen, infolgedessen viele Qegenden nun bis auf kleine Rette waldlos sind, so dafi die ' Mit Oenehmigunjfdes Verfassers, aus der ,, Wiener Klinischen Wochenschrift ', Eingeborenen zur Feuerung wie \t\ Aegypten auf getrockneten Kamel- und Kuhmist ange wiesen sini. Die noch be&tehenden Wilder werden zum gr6Bten Teil durch eine Junfperusart zusaramengesctzt, welche mftchtige Siamme bildet. Der Rest des Landes ist Weide und nur ein verhaltnismiBig geringer Teil wird in primitiver Art angebaut; die Ackergerflte gleichen zum Teil noch denen, welche man auf alten igyptischen Denkmilern abgebildet sieht. Die ge- briuchlichen FeldfrOchte sind mit RQcksicht auf das kflhle Kiima dieseiben wie in Europa, wozu noch eine besondere Qrasart Tef (Eragrostis abessinica) kommt, deren kleine Samen das Mehl fAr die Brotbereitung liefem. Nur in den tiefer liegenden Landteilen werden tropischc Pflanzen gezogen, namentlich Ktffee, dessen Hei- mat die abessinische Provinz Kaffa ist. Die Abessinier sollen eine gemischt temitisch-hamitische Rasse sein. Es sind groBe, kraftige Leute von sehr dunkler, mancbraal fast schwarzer Hautfarbe. Sie haben krauses Haar, aber nicht so eng gewunden und auch nicht so beetartig angcordnet wie bei den Negern. Auch ihre QesichtszQge sind keineswegs negerartig. ^k haben gerade, ziemlich scbmale Nasen, nicht zu groBen MiSi^ keine vorstehenden Backenknochen. Bei den Minnem ist der Bart- wuchs zuweilen reichlich, dfter aber spirlich, nur am Kinn, und auch die ubrige Behaarung des Korpns ist ziemlich sp&rlich. Die H&tten der Eingeborenen sind klein, rund, aus Prflgelholz, mit Lehm angeworfen und bedeckt mit einera kegelfdrmigen Dach aus Stroh Oder Schilf, durch welches der Ranch aus der Hiitte ent- weicht, die sehr oft nur cine TQr, aber kein Fenster bat. Den Boden der HQtte bildet die gestampfte Erde, auf wclcher ein paar Ziegenfelle die Schlafstclle des Bewohners bilden; cine leicht ver- tiefte Stelle ist der Feucrherd, wihrend auBer dnem oder zwei Kochkcsscln und ein paar geflochtenen K5rben Einrichtungsgegen- stande fehlen. Die tQtidung des Abessinicrs bcstcht aus cinem dunnen^ weiBen Baumwollzeug und darQber bei kaltcm Wetter einem aus Ziegenhaar gewebten, braunen Mantel. Nahrung ist im allgemeincn im Lande Qberreichlich vorhanden Sie besteht aus dem schon genannten Tefbrot, das in eine rait rotem Pfeffer gewQrzte Tunke getaucht genosscn wird, hauptsichlich aber aus Fleisch, das der Abessinier zum groSten Tdl roh genicBt. Auf den ausgedehnten Weiden gibt es zahlrdche Herden von Rind- vieh, Schafen und Ziegen, wflhrend Schweine nidit gefaaltcn werden, weil das Schwein als unrein gilt. Von Ginafimiteln kennt der christliche Abessinier das Tabak- rauchen nicht; es war in alten Zdten sogar streng vcrboten und, wenn jemand dabei ertappt wurde, wurden ihm die Lippen ab- geschnitten. Der Abessinier raucht auch nicht Opium oder Haschisch, dagegen werden in manctien Qegenden Slitter, Khat genannt, ge- kaut, was eine berauschende Wirkung haben soil. Trunksucht ist sehr verbreitet; die Aerraeren trinken ein recht schiechtes Bier mit wenig Alkoholgehalt, die Wohlhabenden ein aus gegorenem Honig bcstehendes Oetrink, Hydromd, das ziemlich vicl Alkohol enthilt. Das Einschmieren des Korpers mit Butter, das gebriuchlich ist, durfte gegen das Ungeziefer gerichtet sein, indem durch das Fett die Tracheen der Insckten vcrstopft und sie dadurch gddtiit werden. Auch das Beschmieren der Haut mit Asche soil gegen das Unge- ziefer gerichtet sein. Der Religion nach sind die Abessinier tells Christen, teils Mo- hammedaner, teils hidden; auBerdemgibt esdne Anzahl von Juden, welche seit dem Altertum in Abessinien ansissig sdn soUcn. Bei den Christen wird ebenfalls die Beschncidung geflbt, und zwu ge- wdhnlich am achten Tage nach der Qeburt, sowohl bd Knaben als bei Midchen. Bei letzteren besteht sie in der Abtragung der kldaen Schamlippen. Eine Operation, welche bei kldncn Kindem gegen verschiedene Krankheiten ausgeffihrt wird, ist die Abtragung der Uvula, was manche Kinder infolge der erschwerten Nahmngsauf- nahme mit dem Leben bfiBen. Was die in Abessinien vorkommenden KrankhMUn ankngt, fehlt Malaria im eigentlichen Hochland wcgen der Abwescnhdt der Anopheles. Pest und Cholera kamen cpidemiewdse In Land, wurden aber nicht endemisch. Sehr biufig ist Flecktyphus, bei TTitjn;. ;^sinier wegen solcher keine Hilfe suchen, denn sie k6nhen fast nie le^en oder schreiben und machen auch keine feinen Arbeiten, bei welchen ihnen ein man- gclides Sehverm^gjn hinderlich ware. I>ie vo'stehenden Milteilungen Qber die in Abessinien vor- kommenden Krankheiten erheben keinen Anspruch auf Oenaulgkeit. Meine cigene Beobachtungszeit war zu kurz und die Angaben der dortigcm Kollegen wurden mehr gefdhlsmiBig gegeben als auf Qrund \ron Aufzeichnungen. Es gibt nur wenige europlische Aercte in Abessinien, vor altera in Addis Ababa und in ein paar grdSeren O/ten, welche tcilwcise Missionsirzte sind. Ich selbst war der erste Augenarzt, der abessinischen Boden betrat. Die einhii- tmischen Aenie behandeln den Bandwurm mit Kosso und andere Kranklieiten mit Kriutern, die sie selbst sammeln. Ueber schmer- zenden K5rperteilen wird die Haut mit gluhendem Eisen oder Naddn gcbrannt, welches Verfahren nicht nur von Aerzten, sondern oft audi von Freunden des Kranken geQbt wird. Dasselbe gilt von Slutentziehungen durch Einschnittc in die Haut uber den schmerzenden Teilen. Die Haupttitigkeit des Arzles ist dadurch gegeber. daB nach allgemeiner Meinung die Krankheiten durch den bosen B-Uck eines feindlich gesinnten Menschen oder durch b6se Qcisterverursacht werden. Diese suchen die Aerzte durch Zauberei zu vertrdben, hauptsichlich durch Schreien und Trommeln, besonders des Nachts. Professor Dr. Ernst Fuchs, Wien. Le Nil Bleu. En cnlrai.t dans le batiment de la Societe des Nations a Qer.^ve, nous \ro>on8 grav^ en letlres d'or le nom de Wibon, ses idfces etant k la base de cctte noble institution. Malgr^ ces lettres dorees, les di[>l9inates de la S. d. N. n'ont pas toujours agi selon I'esprit dc cc grand am^ricain, derni^ e grande victime de la grande guerre. AprC) ivoir prononc^ de belles paroles k Qerive, ils prennent to utes liberty j et agisscnt comme s'ils se trouvaient encore ^ I'^poque du parlagc de la carte du monde. Mais, la S. d. N. existed contrarie les diplomates dans leurs travaux, inspires des anciennes m^thocies. Comment la diplomatie anglaise pourrait-elle renoncer aux fruits dun travail de longues anuses? C'est dej^ en 1902 qu'elle a sigr& un traii^ avec M6n6lik II. Par ce Iraite, I'exicution d'un projet dc barrage au Lac Tana en Ethiopie depend du consente- mcnt de I'Angleterre. En 1906, il est vrai, elle a garanti, de concert a/ec la France et I'ltalie, I'mt^^riti ^thiopienne ce qui ne i'a pas empech^ de faire, en laissant la France h I'^cart, un pacte avec ITtalie en 1925, partageant au point de vue 6a>nomique avec sa partetiaire I'Ethiopie en rones d'mfluence (I'Angleterre doit s'lpproprier a lest I'eau du Nil et du Lac Tana pour le Soudan, tandisquc Tltalie doit obtenir une ligne ralliant I'Erythree ^ la Soma lie Italienre, k travers le territoire eihiopien). L'Angleterre est tellement plong^e dans ses projets d'irrigation du Soudan, qu'elle n'a pas m^ne reroaiqu^ qu'il s'est produit la grande guerre raondiale, qui a modifi6 de fond en comble I'ilat d 'esprit des peuples. Alors, la realisation devient moins facile. Lt S. d. N. existe et la France a roeme r^ussi k faire entrer I'Ethiopie er; 1923 parmi les membres de la S. d. N. L'Angleterre et I'Kalie ont i\^ obligees de deposer leur fameux arrtrgcment de 1925 au seaetariat de la S. d. N. et avouent que ce pactc ne lie que I'Angleterre vis k vis de ITtalie et r^ciproque- ment, saJis engagement aucun de la part de I'Ethiopie! Malgr^ ccla, I'Aiigleterre, poursuivant obstirdment ses projets hydrauHques, a fait em hiver 1927 des efforts aupris du Oouvernement Ethlopien pour a^oir enfin entrc ses mains I'entreprise des constructions sur le Lac Tana ce qui emp^cherait I'Ethiopie de demain d'lrriguer son pro(>re territoire, une fois pr^par^ pour la culture. Mais lor^qu'rlk a eu vent des pourparlers entre le d^Itgu6 6tbiopicn et une soci&e am^ricaine au sujet du barrage au Lac Tana, elle 4 •-< «. >«wJ «r%'v v^t —~-^ rfMM ^^^^ym i^M^ ,:r '-Ji^ I! Seite 32 Abessinien-Korrespondenz Correspondance d'lithiopie Nr. () J i f! 1 t a senti que des nouvclles difficultes et dcs retards allaient sc lever. Lcs diplomttes de Londres, sccond^s par la presse anglaise, eUient furieux. Avant de conclure un accord quelconque avcc une entreprisc am^ricaine, TEthiopie, respcctueuse de I'accord de 1902, deniandera a I'Angleterre son consentement. Si I'Angleterre accepte, I'Ethiopie construira son barrage. Si die refuse, rEthiopie en sera quittc pour laisser les choses tellfs quelles sont et refusera \ soti (our toute construction destin^e a augmenter le d^bit des eaux en faveur du Soudan. D'apr^s les derni^res nouvelles venues de I'Egypte, I'opinion publique de ce pays reconnait les dangers que pr6sente la def du Lac Tana, mise entre des mains anglaises. K A qui la clef hydraulique du Nil? II n'est pas que des guerres sanglantes: la lutte entre les grandes nations se pK)ursuit maintenant, tout aussi ardente, sur le plan ^conomique. C'cst Tun de ces conflits, qui met aux prises I'Angleterre et les Etats-Unis pour le contrdle mondial du coton, dont il nous est donne de d^voiler q'jelques phases k mos lecleurs, Au mois de novembre dernier, des d^peches ont annonc^ que le gouvernement ethiopien avait I'intention de confier k une enlre- prisc amdricaine la construction dun grand barrage, projet6 depuis longtemps, sur le Nil Bleu, au sud du Lac Tana. Au premier abord, la nouvelle n'avait pas de raison de sur- prendrc ni d'^raouvoir ropinion Internationale, volontiers port^e a admirer les travaux hydrauliques en particulier aux pays neufs. L'Ethiopie est, en effet, un Etat ind^pcndant, I'un des rares qui, en Afrique et quoique entomb par les possessions de grandes puissances coloniales, ait r^assi ^ conserver sa complete liberie politique. Des trail^s internationaux, sign6s en 1906 par I'Angle- terre, la France et I'lialie, ont reconnu cettc ind^pendance, qu'a consacr^* i'cntr^i de I'Ethiopie dans la Socidt^ des Nations. 11 semble done que, sous la direction d'un prince feclaii^ et ^pris de la civilisation moderne (le ras Tafari, regent), I'Empire abyssin puisse en toule tranquillity, orienter son activity int^rieure dans la vole du progi^i. Mais I'Ethiopie, qui a repousse victorieusement les assauls des arraecs anglaises et italiennes sur ses bastions montagneux de I'ouest et du nord, ^chappe difficilement aux corop6ii*ions et aux con- voitise> ^conomiques des puissances qui encerclent son territoire, ou de cclles qui, — 1^ comme dans le monde entier, — c 6fendent et pratiquent le principe de la t porte ouverte ». Un cherain de fer, construit par les Frar (jals, escalade les plateaux qui, de Djibouti, conduisent a la capitalc, (Addis Ababa), et draine vers la mer la maj-fure partie du commerce abyssin. Les Anglais ont organin- des compagnies mixtes pour attirer vers TeS Soudan et vers le Nil une part de ce trafic, et ils projettent de tracer une route qui relierait au Lac Tana Tun des terminus de leurs cherains de fer soudanais. Les Italieni, que le fascisme oriente vers les colonies, revent d'un transafricain qui, a travers I'Ethiopie, malgr^ les immenses difficultes de terrain et d'^normes d^penses, unirait leur Somalie a I'Erythrie: de I'oc^an Indien \ la mer Rouge, par le massif central abyssin' En plein accord avec les Anglais, ils pcnsaient meme obtenir, de la part du gouvernement ethiopien, - qui a nettement refuse, — une zone dUnfluenct iconomiqae entre ce futur chemin de fer et les possessions britanniques, \ louest et au sud. Rome voyait deja ses Emigrants acc^der aux plateaux temp^r^s du Tigrc et le tetail abyssin exports vers les ports italiens! Mais toute cctte valeur potentUUe, que l' Abyssin ie renferme aux points de vue du commerce, des communications, de I'emigra- tion et peut-^tre de I'industrie, n'est rien k c6t6 de I'importance x^tWt et actuelU qu'elle preiente, comme nous I'ailont voir, en tant que reservoir hydraulique. Le massif ^Ihiopien^ doiit lcs sommets d6passent 4000 metres, constitue, en effet, un centre hydrographiquc de tout premier ordre, une veritable « Suisse africaine ». Le chateau d'cau de la « Suisse africaine ». De cette region se dirigent de grandes rcvi^res ou dcs fleuves vers le Nil, vers la mer Rouge, I'oc^an Indien et les lacs de I'Est- Africain anglais. Ces importants cours d'eau nc sont pas navigables, mais ceux qui s'orientent vers Ic Soudan rachetent cc grave d^faut par la valeur fertilisante des limons dont sont cbarg^es leurs eaux. C'est hBaraca, qui, a travers l'Erythr6e, vivific lea cotonneraies de la region de Tocar. C'est le Oash, qui, avant de sc pcrdre dans le d6^rt, se ramifie en une sorte de delta int^ricur et pcrmct la culture du coton dans la plaine k Test de VAtbara, issue elle- m^me du bastion abyssin. C'est surtout le Nil Bleu, qui sort du magnifique Lac Tana, a pr^s de 1760 metres d'altitude ct qui, apr^s avoir d^crit deux vastes courbes, va se jeter dans Ic Nil Blanc, a Khartoum. Pendant les mois d'^t^, le Nil Bleu rMj^ d'^normes quantity? d'eau charg6e des debris minferaux arracnes au sol argileux des plateaux. C'est lui, surtout, qui en M soutient le niveau des eaux du Nil et donne i ce fleuve une couleur lougeatre. Depuis 1925, le Nil Bleu pcrmct I'irrigation de I'immense plaine de la Djezira, Tile entre lcs deux Nil, ou les Anglais ont commence de grandes plantations de coton. On peut done conclure que Tensemblc du Lac Tana ct des deux courbes du Nil Bleu (ensemble situt en territoire abyssin) forme le principal chateau d'eau de I'Egypte et du Soudan anglais. Par leurs crues, par I'abondance de leurs eaux, par leurs limons fertilisant, le lac et le fleuve ethiopiens commandent la richessc cotonniere de ces legions. Le ras Tafari ticnt veritablemcnt en son pouvoir la clef de ce r^jcrvoir naturel gigantecque, qui ren- ferme tous les dons du Nil. Des travaux d'art executes sur le Lac Tana et la construction d'un barrage au sud pcrrocttraient de r^cup^rcr des masses d'eau qui se perdent actuellement sans profit pour personne. Mais ces travaux decuplerafent la predominance du cha eau d'ciu et renforcera'ent le syst^me de siu'veillance — la « clef de sfiret^ » du ras, aux depens du coton anglo-egypto- soudanais. I^e l^ac Tana, Manchester et New-York. L'Angleterre nc saurait admcttre une telle situation. Pour assurer son approvisionnement en coton, elle a maintenu une semi-tutelle sur I'Egypte, qu'elle a rcconnue independante sous reserves; elle a annrx^ le Soudan, en supprimant Tancien con- domnfnium anglo-^gyptien; elle a effectu^ dans ce m^me Soudan de grands travaux, tels que les barrages de Makouar sur le Nil Bleu, de Cassala sur le Gash, et elle y a construit de nouvelles voies ferries pour d^velopper les cotonneraies et en transporter les produits. - - - Dans le meme but, elle projette r6tablissement d'autres barrages au lac Albert, sur le Nil Blanc, sur le Nil Bleu, sur le Nil pr^s de Louqsor, afin d'accrtitre la force et le rayonnement du syst^rae des irrigations. Le Lancashire s'efforce ainsi de m6tamorphoscr le Soudan anglais au profit des usines britanniques, comme I'a ^t^ I'Egypte: par le coton. Or, le barrage du Lac Tara annihilerait ces vastes plans, si I'Angleterre n'en pos^edait le controle. Elle avait bien compris, de loiTgue date, la necessity de cette surveillance, puisque, d^s 1902, elle avait obtenu de I'empereur M^relik un traits sp^cifiant que les travaux hydrauliques k cntreprendre dans la haute valine du Nil Bleu devraient faire lobjet d'un accord entre le gouverne- ment elhiopien et les autori!65 anglo-egyptiennes. Mais les Anglais ne sont pas seuls a avoir besoin du coton du Nord-Est-Africain. Qrands producteurs et grands « mangeurs » de ce textile, les Americains r^clament aussi la « quality » 6gypticnne. Cette demi^re, avec ses longucs fibres, est n6cessairc pour le tissage de leurs colons superieurs, de leurs crepons, et surtout dans la fabrication des enveloppes de chambres k air d'auto et des toiles d'avions, qui reclarnent de replies quilites de resistance. u 't y \i^ ^-"^ r«Twr Nr. 6 Abessinien-Korrespondenz — Correspon dance d'Ethiopie Seite 33 Lcs industries cotonnieres et automobiles dcs Etats-Unis depen- dent done, dans une certaine niesure, dcs r^coltes de U vall6e du Nil. Ccst pourquoi lcs inter^ts priv^s ani^ricains tentent dc prendre position au Lac Tana. En aidant le ras Tafari k forger la clef dc itrtii abyssine commandant tons les barrages ^chelonn^i de Makouar au Delta, ils s'assureraient a vo!ont6 les fibres dont le Nil Bleu renfcrme, k sa source, lcs 616ments fcrtilisants. Le monde 6conomique modeme est ainsi construit, que les puissances industriellcs de Manchester ct dc New- York — les rois du coton — doivent, par delk TAtiantique et la M6ditcrran^e, se livrer bataille, ^ coups de milliards et k grands renfort d'infiucnces diplomatiques, pour un « chateau d'eau > que commande un prince ^thiopien! Pierre Bruruau. Warnung vor Auswanderung nach Abessinien. Trotzdem alle kompctenten Stellen seit mehr als zwei Jahren vor Auswanderung MittcUoser wamen, verdffcntlicht die dster- reichischc Prcsse, gr6Btenteiis im guten Qlauben, imnicr wieder verlockende Nachricbten, die einer Auswanderung 6sterreichischer Arbeitsloscn das Wort reden. Es haben sich sogar venchiedene Vcreinc gcbildet, die die Auswanderung nach Abessinien zu »orga- nisieren* \rorgcbcn. Die Anrcger solcher phantastischen Piine bediencn sicb in miBbriucbiichcr Weise der Namen ciniger in Abessinien lebendcn Ocsterrelcher und verweisen sogar auf das Wanderungsamt als Refcrcnz. Ein Wiener . Abessinien- Wanderer- Vcrcin* hat den Versuch gemacht, in Qraz cine Ortsgruppe zu grUnden. Im guten Olauben hat ein Herr Robert M. die Sacbe in die Hand gcnommcn. Die Orazer Polizei war abcr writ encrgiacher als die Wiener Bcbdrden und hat die Propaganda in verdienstvoller Wdse sofort eingestellt. Herr M. hat darauffain das ihm vom Wiener Vcrein zur VerfQgung gestellte Material nach Abessinien gcsandt und diesem korrektcn Vorgehen des Qcnanntcn itt es zu verdanken, daB der Urhcber dieser striflichen Propaganda entdcckt werden kotinte. Es ist dies der Ocsterrdcher Franz Jahoda, der seit zwri Jahren in Addis Ababa lebt, ohne einen Bervf auszufibcn. Seine Bricfe an den Wiener Vcrein enthalten IQgenhafteSchildcrungen der hiesigen Verhlltnisse, die, wenn man ihnen in Wicn Oeh5r schenkt, zu einer Katastrophe fQhren mOssen. Schon 7or Jahresfrist hat das Wiener Wanderungsamt, dcm Dringcn der Abessinien- Interessentcn nachgebcnd, djn ehemaligen Konsul Dr. Weinzinger bcauftragt, die M6glichkeit einer Einwan- dcrung ftsterrcichiacher Arbeitsloscn zu prflfen. Der Bcricht fiel ncgativ aus, was die Wiener Vcreinc rait schwcren Angriffen gegen Dr.Wdnzingcr und dner erhfihten Propagandatitigkeit bcantwortetcn Die Unterrcichnetcn, in Addis Ababa lebendcn Ocstcrreicher, warncn neucrdings ihre Landslcute, den phantastischen Plinen Jabodas odcr seiner Wiener Heifer Qeh6r zu schenken. Sobald die Vorbedingungen fQr aussichtsreichc Einwanderung gegcbcn sein werden, werden die raafigebenden Ssterrcichischen Bch6rden zwel- fellos die zwcckraiBigen Scbrilte unternehmen, unterstfltzt von alien ernsten Eleiaentcn der hiesigen dsterreichiachen Kolonie! Addis Ababa, im April 1928. ' Dr. Erich Weinzinger Konsul a. D. E. A. Knobloch ^ Paul Kunu Ousiav Hackenbucknet Otto Eisenhaiur Ce qu'un journal Suisse dit de TEthiopie. L'Angkterrc voudrait capter les eaux du lac Tsana pour irriguer lcs vastes plantations de coton du Soudan. Mais rEthiopie pourrait se servirde« m^meseaux pour propager la culture du coton chez ellc. On sait que certains accords pas<68 entre rAngletcrrc et ritalie ont eu fortcment lair dun partage antidpt du pays du n^gus. L'Aigleterrc recevait carte blanche du c6*6 de I'Egyptc et du Soudan ct I'ltalie obtenait les coud^a franches du c5!^ de la Mer Rouge et de la cote des Somalis, on elle a ses colpnies. Chacunc, de son cd:6, scmblait vouloir monter k i'assaut du gateau ^thiopicn. La France, qui a aussi dcs interets par 1^, a fait entendre qu'dlc gofitait pcu ce partage k deux. L'Eihiopie, qui fait partie dc la Soci^!e des nations, y a ^leve une protestation centre I'esp^cc de conspiration tram6e dcrriere son dos. Depuis lors, le noeud de la conjuration anglo-italienne s'est reiach^. L'ltalie a juge que ses interets se trouveraient mieux d'un rapprochement avec I'Ethiopie que dune alliance avec le pays dont lEihiopie se niefic le plus. Le due dcs Abruzzes, cousin du roi d'ltalie, est all6 fairc visite k la cour 6thiopienne. L'Angleterre, alors, a ouvcrt contre le gouverncment abyssin une campagre dc prcsse, I'accusant d'incapacit^, lui reprochant dc laisser fleurir le brigandage et de ne pas ouvrir le pays au progres. Le gouverncment d'Ethiopie a senti le t)esoin d'avoir a sa disposition la Renoram^c aux cent bouches pour r^pondre aux griefs anglais. Une Correspondance d'Ethiopie s'est fondle, signe indiscutablc de civilisation. Elle riposte de bonne encre aux requisitoires londonniens et vante les efforts du gouvcrnenicnt abyssin pour d^vrcloppcr le pays. Un ing^nieur russe a ^16 charge d'^laborer un plan d'extension de la capitale, qui s'agrandit de jour en jour. En merae temps, ie gouvcrnenicnt a mis k I'^tude le projet de dnq grandes routes a travers le pays qui convcrgeront toutes a Addis Ababa et qui ou- vriront Taccc) des plus riches provinces de TEthiopic et faciliteront rapport de Icurs produits sur le march^ mondial. Aujourd'hui, oes routes aoat commercialement presque imprati cables, surtout pendant la saison dcs pluies; le gouverncment Hhiopien a m^me octroye une concession pour la construction d'unc route automo- bile vers le Soudan sur un trajet dc 300 km environ. On exporte au Soudan par cette voic le caf^ et la cire par mulcts et par por- . tears. Des que la route a camions sera construite, le commerce ck cette r6g^ion se d^veloppcra rapidcment. L'ann^e pass^e, une grande soci6t^ frangaise s'est constitute pour i'exploitation des mines d'or et de plattne. Une deuxi^me cntreprise dc ce genre s'est form6c tout dcrni^rcment avec des ca- pitaux anglais. Qr^ce k I'initiative du regent Taffari, le norabre des 6colc8 augmente dans la capitalc. Le regent a fonde, il y a deux ans, le iyc^ Taffari Makonncn, qui a d^boute avec 30 el^ves et qui en cornpte 180 aujourd'hui. Dc nombreux livres pour rmstruclion populaire sont eJile? par i'lmprimerie du gouverncment. Le regent a. coastruit demi^reracnt un hopital modernc dont la direction est confine k un chirurgien su^dois. On voit que I'Abyssinie est en train de se moderniser. Souhaitons que son essor nc soit pas trouble par les convoitiscs de ses voisins. « Lm Libert/ *, Friboarg (Suisse). Mr- Mussolini pense-t-il a la Turquie ou a rEthiopie? Le Popolo d'ltalia, organe de M. Arnaldo Mussolini, frere du dictatcur, est fort irrit6. II pretend qu'on accuse indOmcnt le cabinet de Rome de vouloir s'emparcr de certaines provinces turqucs. Pure calomnie, dit-il; invention des enncmis du ducc qui ne lui pardonnent pas ses succ^ au dedans et au dehors. Le Popolo d'ltalia consacre a ces denegations un long article. Est il %\ sOr que l'ltalie fasciste n'a jamais nouiri dc telles vii^cs? Oj cherchc-t il pluiot A duper I'opinion europ^cnne? Raisonnons, Pendant la guerre mondialc, le gouverncment italien, partici- pant aux accoiuS secrets, a exig^ qu'on lui garantit une partie de I'Asie ant^rieure, le resle. ou k peu pr^, devant ^trc adjuge k la Russie, k la France ct k I'Angleterre. En ces temps, le cabinet de Rome se faisait reconnaitre des droits (si Ton peut ainsi parlcr) sur Srayrne, qui, plus tard, fut promise k M. Vcnizclos et k la Orece. Mais le partage dc T Empire ottoman ne s'accomplit pas ' &■' > 1 ^fggtemmemmmmmk I . Seite 34 Abessinien-Korrespondenz C^orrespoiidance d'l thiopie Nr. 6 "i'' r ♦ / tel qu'on I'avtit pr^vu; Ifs Turcs, ct i Icur l^tc MusUpbi Kcmal, lesisiercnt; 11 fallut abtndonner Ics traits secrets. L'lUlie ne re^ut mdme pis la zone d'Adalia, aur Uqueile die s'^tait re jH^e. Mussolini n'a jamais renonc6 aux ambitions qui s'^taient fait jour pendant la guerre mondiale ct qu'il avait reprises ^ son comple. Au moment ou il crut que la luttc arrate allait s'ouvrir cnlre TAngleterre el la Turquie ^ propos dc Mossoul et du Kur- distan, il offrit son contours — qui n'^tait pas gratuit — & Sir Austen Ctiambcrlain. Mais I'affaire s'arrangea sans collision et Mussolini n'obtint rien. La Turquie se acntit cependant si bien menac6c qu'clle fit des avances ^ la Yougoslavie en vuc de la conclusion d'une alliance, et que Mustapha Kemal prescrivit de grands travaux de defense. II y a done un paas^ qu'on ne peut oublier, malgr^ les dero- gations du Popolo d'ltalia. 11 y a plus: la semaine derniere, la Tribuna, qui est bien un organe fasciste, disait froideraent : L'ltalie ne se contentera pas de rOclamer unc nouvelle repartition des roandats coloniaux; il reste des pays indOpendants a prendre. En reality, cette allusion ne pouvait s'appliquer qu'A la Turquie ou a VEthiopie. Le Popolo affirnie que nul ne songe ^ touchtr ^ la Jiuquie, qui est d'ailleurs fort capable de se d^fendre. Alors serait-ce VEthiopie que convoiterait Mussolini en evoquant les souveniers fdcheux de Francesco Crispi? Paul Louis. Varia. Konsul a. D. Dr. E. Weinzinger wurde am 1. April 1928 ¥on der Kaiserin Zdoditou in AudUnz empfangtn, um ihr das goldene groBe Ehrenzcichcn am Bande der Republik Oesterreich zu Qberreichen. Der Audienz wohntc Prinzregent Tafari Makonnen bei. Weinzinger hielt in englischer Sprache folgende Ansprache, die der Oentraldircktor der Auswirtigcn Angelegenheiten, Balaten Oleta Herouy, ins Amharlschc Qbersetztc: .Majcstit! AnliBliclr' der Ratifikation des dsterreichiscb-abessinischen Handelavertrages wurden von den beiden Regierungen gegenseitig verschiedene Funktionare durch Ordensverleihungen ausgezdchnet. AuBer difscn Auszeichnungen hat die 6sterrelcbische Regicrung Eurer Majestit und Seiner Hoheit dem Prinzregenten eincn Orden der Republik verliehen. Ich bin glQcklich, Majestat, Ihnen hiermit das groBe goldene Ehrenzeichen am Bande fiberreichcn zu dflrfen. Die Verleibung diescr Auszeichnung ist dn sichtbarer Bewds der Sympathien der Republik Oesterreich fflr Eure Majestit und fflr das abessinische Volk, mit dem Oesterreich durch alte Freundschaf ts- und Handelsbeziehungen verbunden ist. Der nutunebr abgeschlossene Handelsvertrag, den ich in meiner Eigenschaft als erster dsterreichischer Koiuul in Abessinien aruuregen, vorzubereiten und zum AbschluB zu bringen die Ehre hatte, wird die gegen- seitigen Brziehungen der bdden Staaten gewiB nur fOrdem und vertiden. Ich wtlnsche Eurer Majestat, Ihrer Regierung und dem athiopischen Voike QIQck und Segen auf dem Wege des Fortschritts, den Eurer Majestit Regierung, unterstQtzt von Seiner Hoheit dem Prinzregenten Tafari Makonnen, trotz aller Hemmnisae krdftig zu entwickeln sich bemflht haL Indem ich Eurer Majestit noch ftlr das mir wihrend meiner Titlgkeit als Konsul stets bewiesene Wohlwollen ergebenst danke, flbergebe ich Ihnen das vom Guides- prasidenten der Republik Oesterreich unterzeicfanete Dipknn zu der ut>erreichten Auszeichnung.' Die Kaiserin erwiderte darauf in amharischer Sprache folgendes: ^Ich danke Ihnen fflr die Ueber- Hdlels recommeincl^s Djibouti: Hotd Righas Hotel de France Dirc-Daoua: Ho el Boloiakos Addi8 Ababa: H6tel de France H6tel Imperial Grand Hotel Qleyze Marseille: H6id de Paris (ien^ve: H6tel Beau Rivage Berne: Hotel Schweirerhof Dresden: H6td Bdlcvue mittlung der mir zu Tcil gewordenen Auszeichnung und ersuche Sic, der 6sterreichischen Regierung und dem Herm Bundes- prtsidenten meinen Dank auszusprechen. Ich bin flberzeugt, daB der Handelsvertrag die Beziehungen zwischen Oesterreich und Abessinien vertiefen wird, was mein aufrichtiger Wunsch ist. Ich bitte Sie, dies dem Herrn Bundesprisidcnten zur Kenntnis zu bringen." Aegypti8che Kritik an den engliachen StaudAmmen im Sudan. Die igyptische Tageszeitung .Ei Ahram" weist nach- drQcklich auf die Wichtigkeit der Stauaniagen bei Makwar (im Sennar) hin, wclche die Wasserversorgung Aegyptens bedroben. Der Damm im Sennar &bersteigt das Erfordernis des Qezira- Beckens um 400 Millionen Kubikmeter, welche nach Aegypten befOrdert werden. Es besteht nicht der Idseste Zwdfel, daB der Staudamm Aegyptens Wasserversorgung in ciner Weise in Mit- leidenschaft zieht, die nicht nur die Schiffahrt, sondern auch die Bewisserungsanlagen bedroht. Wenn nun das Oezira-Oebid die durch den Damm angesammclten Wasser zur Qdnze braucht/A^ wflrde Aegypten leer ausgehen. Wenn nicht die ndtigen VorsicWF maBregeln vorgenommen werden, wflrde die Lage fflr Aegypten noch viel schlimmer werden, wenn der Sudan* Bewasserungsplan weiter durchgefflhrt wird. Plazikowski-Brauner hat in der .Zeitschrift fflr Qeopolitik", Berlin, dnen bemerkenswerten Aufsatz flber „ Abessiniens geopolitische Bedeutung* ver5ffentlicht. Der ehemallge Qeneralsekretar der Auswartigen Angelegen- heilen, Ato Sahli^ Sadalou, hat s ch am 11. April aus Qesundheits- rflcksichten nach Europa begeben, nachdem er bereits langere 7x\i auBer Dienst war. Ato Sahlie Sadalou gehort zu den geschitztc- sten Beamten der abessinischen Regierung, der er durch 14 jabre nfltrlichsle Dienste im Rahmcn des AuswSrtigcn Amtes gelelstet hat. Es ist zu wunschen. daB Ato Sahli^ Sadalou in Europa Oenesung von seincm Leiden findet, urn in absehbarer Zeit seine wertvollcn Dienste der Regierung seines Landes wieder zur Ver- fugung stellen zu k6nnen. Die neunjAhrige Tochter Y^'asliimabiet des Prinz- regenten Tafari Makonnen, die seit lingerer Zeit zur Aus- bildung in einem Londoner Pensionat wcilt, wurde kflrzlich vom K6nig und von der K6nigin von England im Buckingham Palace in Audienz empfangen. Der verdienstvolle Leiter des Menelikspitals in Addis Ababa Professor Dr. Renault, der auch Prisident der Aerzte-Verdni- gung in Abessinien ist, wurde nach Frankreich zurflckberufen. Er vcrlieB Addis Ababa am 11. April. Zahlreichc Freunde bedaucrti das Scheiden dieses Arztes. Kflrzlich sind die ersten deutschen Automobile, drei Opel- wagcn, in Abessinien eingetroffen. Trotzdem flber 300 Automobile in der Hauptstadt laufen, waren deutsche Fabrikate biaber nicht vertrcten. An Stellc des zum Oouverneur von Kaffa ernannten Ded- schasmatsch Desta Damtu ist Fitaurarl Amdi zum Chef der abessinischen KcvalUrie ernannt worden. Die sehr gAnstige Entwicklung des Exports von Deutschland &ber Hamburg und Bremen nach Abes- ninien und auch die gWSBeren Mengen von abessinischen Landes- produkten und Hiuten, die flber Djibouti verschifft werden, dflrften die deutschen Reedtreien zu einem regelmaBigen Anlaufen des Hafens von Djibouti veranlasien. Wenn auch wirklich in der ersten Zeit nicht immer die zur Verladung gelangenden Mengen so groB sind, um den flblichen Nutzen zu erzielen, so lehrt doch im allgemeincn die Erfahrung, daB der Handel der Flagge folgt und eben nur Beharrlichkeit zu einem regelraiBigcn Nutzen fuhrcn kann. Man ist, wcil die deutschen Rcedereien Djibouti als Nebensachc betrachten, als regelmifiiger Verlader gezwungcn, mit franzfisischen, englischen Oder bollindischen Dampfem regelmiBig zu verladen. Es ist wirklich angebracht, daB eine nach dem Osten fahrendc Reederei, entweder der Norddeutsche Lloyd oder die Hansa Linie, dem Hafen Djiboutis als regelraiBigem Dienst mehr Aufmerksam- keit schenkt. I ..^X. .4« ♦ -«*^' 4 -«,**■>*. f \ Ui. \) Abessinieii-Korrespondenz — Correspondance d'Ethiopie Seite 35 nelsons dc commerce alkmaiMes recommawKcs pear Dfralson t rEfhiople cf la CAfe §ts SmMlls. •> (Eina haliungcn werdrii mt Rcichsmark 1.00 fur Agricoles, machines, et instruments aratoires Cjarvrnswerke A.-Q. ffir Pumpen- und Mij>chint*iifabri- kalion, Hmnover Mielcwcrke A -O , Ofltcrsloh Automobiles et accessoires Durkopp«rcrke A -O , Bielefeld Kicyclettes et places detachccs Durkoppwerke A.-CJ., bieleteld Oorickewerkc A.-Q , Bielefeld Julius Qrabojesky, Hannov.T, FerdinandslraHe 8 A Lohmannwerke A -O , Bielefeld Prazision^-Werke O. m. b H , Bielefeld Witiko;:^ ^ Co., Bielefeld oissons, Bi^rc A.-U. Hackerbrau, Mflnchen P^chorrbr^u A.-Q , Munchen Gabriel u. Jos. Sedlmayr, Spaten-Franziskaner, Leisibriu A. Q , Munchen Hureau, articles dc Oebr. MciBner, Salamander- Schreibwarenfabrik, Hannover, Waldstratte 22 OQnther Wagner, Hannover, PodbielskistraBe 292 Comestibles ordinaires et fins E. C F Hermann, Hannover, QehagestraBe 13/15 Dr. A. Oelker, Bielefeld Construction, niateriaux de Smionswerke Q. m b H., Rheda (Bezirk Minden) Couleurs, vernis et laques C^r. Hostmaiin-Siemoergsche Farbenfabrikcn Q. m. b H. C-lle Qebr Jinecke^VFr. Schneemann K-O , Hannover, Krausen- strabe 11 Cuirs et inaroquinerie Just ^ Co. A.Q., Qeraberg i. Th. (Kreis Arnstadt) Drogues, produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques E de HaiT A. Q . Seelzc bei Hannover C. F. Kayser ^ Co , Hannover, RQhmkorffstraBe 5 Laboratorium Helios Q. m. b. H., Hannover, Qrunstr. 20 Oebr. Noggerath, Hannover, HedwigstraBe 1 Kxportateurs, generaux Merkur AC). Eisenach Rothschild 8^ Co , Q. m. b. H., Eisenach die Zcile bcrcchnd; bei Wiedcrhoiungcn Rabatt.) Fumeurs, articles de Cigarcticnfabrik Constantin A. 0., Huinover Jouets Moritz Pappe, Puppen- u. Spielzcugfabrik, Liegnitz i^achines en general AnkerWcrke A.-O , Nihmaschinenfabrik, Bielefeld Bielefelder Nihroaschinenfabrik Baer & Rempel, Bielefeld Gebr. Dickertmann. Hebezeugfabrik A.-O , Bielefeld Eisenwcrk WQifel A. O , Hannover Hannoversche Maschineabau-A.-O. vorm. Qcorg Egestorff (Hanomag), Hannover Kochs Adlernthmaschinen-Werke A.-O., Bielefeld Oebrflder ThicI O. m. b. H., Ocwindemaschincn, Ruhla i. Th. Menage, articles de, et domestlques Sinrara&WundtQ ra.b. H., Kleiderbflgelfabrik, Hameln Musique, instruments de Franz Liehr, Pianofortefabrik, Liegnitz Ed. Seiler O. m. b. H., Pianofortefabrik, Liegnitz Optiques, articles, et instruments scientiflques H6rselwerke Induslrie^O. m. b. H., Eisenach ThQringische Glasinstromenten-Fabrik Alt, Eberhardt 8e Jiger A.-O., Ilmenau i. Th. Carl ZeiB, Jena Papier Oebr. Wilde, Karton- und Papierwarcn, Goldberg i. Schl. Photographiques, articles Photograrametric G. m. b. H., Mfinchen, Sendlingertor- platz 1 Carl ZeiB, Jena. Sanitaires, articles, et instruments de chirurgie Berkefeld • Filter - Gesellschaft und Cellcr Filter werke O. m. b. H., Cclle ThQringische Qiasinstrunienten-Fabrik Alt, Eberhardt 8t Jiger A.-G., Ilmenau i. Th. Textiles, articles, Tissus (laine et coton) Robert Jacobi A.-G., Apolda Wollwarenfabrik vorm. Benno Samter & Co , Liegnitz V^erreries, porcelaines et faiences Porzellanfabrik Martin roda Fricdrich Eger & Co., Martin- roda (Krs. Arnstadt) i. Th. f i r mrnkm^mtrnkmi mkm ^ mt mi ,i m^m>^m mkm > m^ ^.^tir^l.^ amsdan luflKr. Dad Llebeiisfcln (Thflrln^ii) [ Fabrication Exporfafion C ADEN AS F^afic^res / Sourici<^res Prix 5ur dern'^ncle. 'm>'m m m> •*•'•' Votre Propagande d' Exportation mol, Je la fals grace a d'etude profonde du mardie allernand et d experience pratique et longue. coBseii ae propaiHiaae CANZLca Hanovre , Minister StOve^Str. 9 Marque d^poWc. raVMCHNER KlIWE - BRJ&V - La fiieill€iir€ bi^c introdaile en Ethiopie. Agent pour rEthiopie: Dr. Eridi Weinzinger, Addis Ababa. Sc vend dans les ^tablissements suivants: k Djibouti: Hdtel 6t France; h Addis Ababa: Grand Hdtel Gleyze, Hdtel Imperial, H6tel de France, Grand Bazar E. A. Ghano-- takis, Epicerie Internationale P. Tro- dialis, Kaloyercpoulos Fr^res, Cafe Ras Makoncn, Au Bon Mardie k'^.^ .6 KoBiHilssloiisilriiia la illiesslilCB erhittet Angebote, iiur direkt von Fabriktn, in folgenden Artikeln : billigc BaiimwollKw caters; t)(; "" Alkoliol zur Likorerzeugung, in verzinkten liiseiitassern, di Djibouti; Kmaillcgeschirr; Ikiumwolldecken billigster cXualitat; Saiiitc ; Satin royc; Hrokate; Schreih- papier, loliotormai, liniiert, in Paketen a 250 Bogen; Kopieifttifte; Wellblech; BricfumschlAge; billige NolizbQcher; Fedcrhalter; («ardinen; Perln]iitterka5pfc; billige, weii^e Uemdenstolfe; Khakihemdcn; SchreibtiDten in kleinen Flaschen; >Vasserglftser; Bier in Flasdien, Kdln. Wasser; NAgel. Angcb. erbeten uni. „W. E. H. 5*' an die Red. in Addis Ababa. cwiaiiile He riurliie Orieiiaie DJIBOUTI Assurances, Consignataires de Navircs, Transit Bank of Abyssinia Si^ge Social au Caire Si6ge-Principal: Addis Ababa Agences: Dir6-Daoua, Dessi^, Gor^ TH. KLOKANAS TRANSITEUR DJIBOUTI Banque de rindochlne Djibouti Encaissement d'effets de commerce Banca Coloniale di Credito Asmara — Massaua ^ ^ ^ 1^ ^ ^» i» <» •'»■• Norddcutsdicr Lloyd, Bremen toadM emrcBtraBt «bc foU p. MoU DflbowH yuiuyuxy y ^xyy o sososogcrros x/ soso^rcy; Toufes Op^raflons de TronsU SIIMON ARZT, PORT-SAiD QRONOUNQSJAHR 1860 bOrgt mit seinem Weltrufe fOr prelswerte Qualltfttsware Tropin -AusrQstufio«9«g*a«taiMl«t N«rr«n- und Omimii- li#liii« und -liQte, H«nr«ii- und Ummmnwmmchm und -ktoktor. PtiarmaMutlfteh« u. photoarnphlseli^ Artlk^l, Zlgar^nnn Po8tamt und Sohr«lbraum im Qetohifttloktl Qlt i^liiWi»^a^ l^^l»^*«»^^^ M ^^1 ■ll^»^^^>^«^i^ 1 [^ Parfumerie GEORG DRALLE, HAMBURG : reconimaiide ses SPECIALITES DE PARPUMS ' ■ pour le marche D'ETHIOPIE introduites depuis 25 ans. Refuser des imitations tnferieures! Tous nifs modeles sont oses au Tribunal Special d Addis Ababa. FN VFtNTF PART OUT Agent pour TEthiopie: Dr. II. NX^ c i n z i n g e r , Addis Ababa, qui tient a la disposition des interesses un ediantillonage complet ' ' No. 2455. LOTION JASMIN. No. D 1479. r.ssence sans alcool Geranium. ' I i^>^^»^^ ^11 ■> an^i* ^^M%i^^^*«^ ^^>0^0^^ t* I ^ ^^ »» ^^l»^l%^ VeruitiTortlich fflr den Textteil: Dr. Erich Weinzinger, Addis Ababa, (&r d«n Anzeifenteil: Arnold Hoffmann, Hannover DiiKk and Kommitsiontvtriag : | C KAniff ft Ebhardi. Hannover *^ /-v.- t PREPARINQ OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHER Collect Charge Department OR Charge to Telegram SEm/^ qo E TRANSMITTED CONFIDENTIAL CODE^ Bepatrtm^nt 10 "ltd I X-x/ '*' \y^ NONCONFIDENTIAL CODC y^ PLAIN ton. lXL£GATIO]tf ^62/11 Aii^ust 24, 1928 ^ AldlB Ababa (Ethiopia) ^itf p The Departmont is oonsidoring proposing to ^ Ethiopia the negotiation of arbitration^ and oonoilia- tion treaties, identiosil , with those being negotiated, with many other ooimtries and desires, in this oonneotion to be, informed, at onoe ,by telegraph irtiether referenoe to ' ^ TklcJU^, ] . ( ^ Chief of State in^ Prinoe Regent or to the Empress,^'''* hti, ^ f should be, to the / ^ .AtAA/" II % li-a fl it HE ir- *\ v^ * ^^ *" Auc ^ ^ •f Enciphered hy. Sent hy operator M., Index IJu.— No. 5<) .19 1~11M < il ••s ^4* * ^/ \ "T — r^ • ««. TELEQJIAM RECEIV ■p j^ HoL ' *■- •••' • • • • dc^oTtiry of Dated |llCtt«t 27» 1931. Roool74)t 10,17 A. M. 38th iHgtt«t 37, 3 P. H, > * Refaxtlng to OflfMurtndiiti 8 / telegram of Augua^ 3' / 5 i. M. Snpress 0DUT9iBO» Negotiation of arbitration and oonciliation treat! ea ^ \ t i : % 9k • • »^V'^ 1. I i^i [fc^ifciifc— M^A^^^i^ii iiii^ auAi. kk. .Jk^ IC \ Vi>.**^ \iO^ -S. /■ (U ( i'fVf ' ! *: lENT OF State Y DIVISION ▲vtgust 34 » 1938. TRIATT or OOIOILIJLTIOH BKTfZSV ■ATI8 AID ITHIOPIA. ^▼•riui«nt's poll 07 of onterlng iato ktlon troatlos with all« ox prao- I It now seoBs (Usirablo to pro- iiioh txoatlot botwotn tlio Uoltod • l8 In aooordanoo with a aog^ Tlslon from th« Ohlof of tha Dl~ fairs. Idarablo attention glTon to tha ktlaa to IgTpt, and of tha of of th« Xgyptlan Prtss to attrlbata |und and motlTos which do not azlst» iroprlatt at tho proaont Boaant f the United States In sooh a waj .tlons with oountrles neighboring \( 1 "N ^ to In this oonneotlon Is the Info espatoh Vo. 1831 fron the Aaerloan An- bassador at Rone, dated August 9, 1928, (765.8412/1). Ur. rietoher states that a treaty of friendship and arbl' tratlon between Italy and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) was slgnsd OB CO l • 5 i. ; 4^^ i. '•» •. ' ?* ''it- 7%i « riM uh^iikriMBi bijrr% -J ^ ■^•f*^ »>'■■ • II ■■' ^ Ml »! '■* Department of State REATY DIVISION SEP 4 1928 ICfUIMEIT IF mn August 34, 1928. lOI AID TREATY OF OOVOILIATIOI BETIXIV TIO 8TATX8 AID ITHIOPIA. his QoT«rziai«iit ' s polloy of •ntcrlng into molliatlon tT«atl«8 with all» ox pxao- 1 nnentf , it now secais ,*. f Department of State TREATY DIVISION - 2 - on August 2, 1938, at Addis Ababa by ths Ragsnt of Abyssinia, Ras Tafari, and ths ItaLllan Minlstsr. Ths addsd statsnsnt that annszsd to ths trsaty of frlsndshlp and arbitration is a oonTsntion oonosmlng highways, and ths orsation of a fxso sons at Assab, sug- gssts ths i>osslbility that Italian soonomlo psnstratlon may bs ons of ths motlTSs baok of ths so-oallsd arbitra- tion trsaty. Ths dsspatoh quotas a nswspapsr statsaisnt to ths sffsot that ths trsaty is ths first to bs con- oludsd by Ethiopia with a grsat luropsan nation. It also rsfers to a speeoh by Ifossolini in ths Italian Senats, and statas that its oonolualon is oonsldsrsd a triuaph for Italian diplomacy. Ths Italiaik**Ithiopian situation would ssam to add to tha propriety of strsngthaning tha tias batwaan tha Unitad Statss and Ethiopia at ths prsssnt tims. Treaty DlTlsion, M: Policy MSBorandua lo . 52. TD: 4 \ -^ fi 4 :^.V^ . ,»>f' ^ H I • ? »• \ 1 » •C' v, >l r. ytk. f H Qp- • .-.-he: _ ) 1928 So. /J> Th« HoaoTfttolt Addltoa s. Southard, Minister Rtsldtnt aad Oonaul O^nexal, Addit A^aba. \( Slxt Purauaat •ad Ck>TenuMnt of StMopia the oonoluaion of auoh tvoatlaa. You aro, aooordiogly, raquaetad, imlasa you p«ro«lTa ob- ^^ jeotion, to tTanamit to tho approprlata offloial of 4^ ^ Kthioplan OoTernsaat tba anoloaad draft taztt of auah treatloa. In oxd«T to oonfona to tha typa of nota uaad by tha Dapartmaat In propoalng tlnilaJ traatiaa to othar CJoTammanttf tbrougb tbair rapratantatlTaa at Waahington^ It la auggaitad tbat you may wiah to tranaolt tba draft traatiaa wltb a eoraring nota subatantlally aa folXowai Oadtv laatruotloaa froa wf OoTanwaat, I bava tba boAor to tvaaffiit baravltb for tba ooaaldaratlon of tba QaramMftt 9t Itbiapla^ aad aa a baaia tow aagotiatlmi. drafta of traatiaa of arbitration aad of •oaolllatioa batvaan tba Unltad Stat a a aad Etbiopia. Botb of tba propoaad traatiaa ara Idantloal In affaot wltb traatiaa of arbitration and of oonailia- tloa vblab vara aifa*d at faablngton on May 6, 1986, by rmaaaatatlTaa of tba llnltad stataa aad OarMuqr, aad litb aiailar traatiaa wblab bava raaaatly baaa ooaolxidad batvaaa tba uaitad Btataa aad otbar aouatriaa« Tba draft arbitration traaty raaaablaa la aoaa raapaott tba arbitration traatiaa ooa- oludad I t* 1 •i r'i- / 2 - oIud«d b«tw«e& tlL« United States and iiany oom&trles bttglimlng In 1908, bat represents. In the opinion of mf Qoreraaent, a definite adranoe oTer the earlier fonmla. Substantially in the fora sub* raltted herewith, treat! ee hare, during the last few ■ontha, been eigned by the United States with Franoe, I tally ^ Oersany, Denmark, Finland, Austria, Oseoho- sLovakia and Poland, respeetiTely. The draft eoneiliation treaty is in all reepeots aimilar to the eonolliation treaties negotiated in 1913 toy ay QevernMsnt and made effeoti^e with many oountriea« During reoent months suoh treaties ha^e been signed by the United states with Germany, fin- lamd, Austria, OzeohosloTakia and Poland, respeotiwe* ly. My Qovemaeat feels that the United States and Ethiopia have an opportunity, by adopting treaties euoh as those suggeeted herein, not only to promote friendly relations between the peoples of the two countries^ bat also to advanee materially the eauae of arbitration and the paoifio settlement of inter- national disputes. If the OoTemment of Sthiopia oonouzs in this Tiew and is prepared to negotiate treaties along the lines of the two drafts trans- mitted herewith, I shall be glad to enter at onoe upon siaoh disoussions as may be necessary. I am. Sir, ToiiT obedient serrant. rq ben Ci^^ A \t?. Aoting Secretary of State. Xneloflures: Draft texts of of Arbitration Conolli&tion. Treaties and of CeV^- TDt ^ -i • CRATT OF TRXATT OF ARBITRATIOI Th< Pr«sldttmt of th« Halted stat«a of AiaaTlea aad B«r I^p«rlal Vajttty, Zandlta« l£mpt^m» of Cthlopia^ Ootondaod to proToat ao far aa in thalr powar llaa any lnt«rnq>tlon la tha paaoaful ralatioaa now lumpily existing bataaan tba two aationa; Daslroua of raaffiraing thalr adharaaoa to tha poXioy of auteltting to iapartlal daoialon all Juatiolabla ooB~ troToralaa that maj arlaa batwaan tbaa; and Ea^r by thalr ajtaapla not only to danonatrata thalr ooadamation of aar aa an Imatrawnt of national pollay in thalr autual ralatlona, bat alao to haataa the tlaa ahan the perfeatlon of international arrangement a for the paoifio aattlesent of international diaputes ah&ll have eliainated forerer the poeeibility of war asong any of the Powers of the world; HaTO deaided to oonoliade a treaty of arbitration and for that purpoae they hare appointed as their respaetlTe i Plenipotentiaries: The President of the United states of Aaierioa^ Eer Xaparlal Uajasty« the Capreaa of Ethiopia, Iho, \< - 2 - Who, haTing ooamimieat«d to one anotlittr thtlr full powers found to l»o in good and d«o form, liaTe agroad vpaa. and eonoliidad tlie followlog artiolas: ARTIOLE I All dlffarenoas ralating to international matters in eblob the Hi(^ Contrasting Parties are oonoemed tf Tlrtue of a olaim of right made hj one against the other under treatj or otherwise, which it has not been possihls to adjust hj diplonaey, which hare not been adjusted as a result of referenoe to an appropriate eosoisslon of ooooiliation, and whioh are justioiable in their nature \37 reason of being susoeptible of deoision by the appli* cation of the principles of law or equity, shall be snlb- aitted to the Pemanent Oourt of Arbitration established at The Hague by the Oonwentlon of October 18, 1907, or to some other oo^»etent tribunal, as shall bs deeided in eaoh oase by ^>eoial agreement, whieh speeial agre shall provide, if neeessary, for ths organisation of sush triboaal, shall define its powers^ shall state the ques* tlon or questions at issue, sad shall settle the teras #f i 1 iJ Jk i_ , ^ k A ^ *k r — ^ > • 3 - -i jb. i^ of rof«r«ii0«. \. TIm •p««1«1 94gt%mmmkX in •aoh oas« shall b« mmAm om ths part of the IMited Statoa of Amoriea l»f tho Protldoat of iho Onltod 3tat«s of Aaorloa Iqr and with tho adriea aad ooostnt of tba S^iata thereof, and oa tha part of xthiopla In aooordanoa with Ita oonatitutloaal lav. AHTICLI n Tha proTlaiona of this traaty shall not ba InTokad in xaspaot of any diapnta tha subjaat aattar of vhlah (a) la within tha doaaatlo jurladlatlon of althar of tha High Uontraetlng Partlasj (b) larolTaa tha latarasta of third Partiaa* (e) dapanda npon ox InTolToa tha aaintaaaaoa of tha traditional attltuda of tha Qnitad 3tataa ooaoamloi; kmrnt^ ioan quastiona, oonmonly deaoribad aa tha tfonroa Dootrlna, (d) dapanda \4>on or InTolraa tha obaarvaaoa of tha obligationa of Ethiopia in aooordanaa with tha Oofanaat of the Laa^e of lationa* ARTIOLX III ^i Tha praaant traaty ahall ba rat if lad by tha Praaidant of tha unitad Stataa of Aaarioa by and with tha adrioa aad oonaiMt % 1 • 4 - \ ooBscnt of the 3«Mit« th«T«of and bj Her Tm^^rial lfftj«st7,the Umpress of I'Miiopim In aooordasea villi Kthloplaa ooastittttlonal law. Tha rati float lout sball b« ezoliaiigad at Addis Ababa. m» aooa aa "pmmiVkm, and tba traatsr shall take affa^t oa tba data of tba axcbaaga of ratifieatiozis. It sball tbara* aftar raaain in foroa ooatimioiisly onlass and uatil taxai*-. aatad by oaa jaar's vrittaa aotioa giTsn bf eltbar Hi^ Ooattaoting Party to ths otbar« la faith sbaraof tba raapaatlTa Pletiipotentiarlaa bars aigaad tbis traaty ia dnpliaata la tba Sagliab laagoaga and baraunto affix tbair aaala. Doaa at Addia Ababa ^^ V A ' - t •/ CRAIT or TRXATT 07 OOKOILIATXOV TlM President of Xtm OBii«d 3tat«s of Aaorlem and Hot laiparlal Majesty^ Zaudlta, Ca^rooo of StMopia^ bo- iBg doolreua to stroiigthoii tho boads of anitj that blad tlien togethor and alao to advaaoa tlio causa of ^naral paaoa, bava raaolTod to anter Into a traaty for that par<- poaa^ and to that and haTO appointed 9a their PlanlxMtan- tlarioa: The Praeidaat of the United States of Aaerlea, Her Iaq)erial Majesty the Empress of Ethiopia^ Who, having ooaonoiioated to one another their fall powers, found to be in good and due fom^ have agre«l iq>ea and oonoludad the following artloles: ARTIOXJE I Any disputes arising hetwssn the OoYSraisnt of the United States of ABsrioa and the QoTemasnt of Ethiopia of whatewer nature thsy aay be, shall, when ordinary diplo- tlo prooeedings hsTS failed and the Hi^ Oontraotlng Parties do not have reoourse to adjudioatlon by a oo»» \ petsat N 1 % \. \ ' h - 3 - p«i«at trllMnmlf te subMitted for inTtvtIsatioa aad TmpQT% to a VtrMOM at latematlonal Ooanissioa ooaatltuted In tht tuLOXMt pT««OTllMd ift th« &0xt •uoc«odliig Artlolo; tiM Hl|^ Oontraotlng Partiot agraa not to dool&ro var or bagla hostllitioa dvorlng tuob InToatlgatioa and bafora tha raport la aubnlttad. ARTIOLl II Tha lateraatloaal Ooaalaalon aliall 1m aoapoaad of flTa aaabaTa, to 1»a appointed a.* follows: One aaabar aball ba idteaaa froa aaob oountry^ by tba Ooramaaat tberaef; osa aaabar aball ba obosan by aaab OoTaraaeiit froa aoaa tblrd 9maMt$f ; tba flftb aaaibar ahaXl ba ohoaaa by ooaaaa agraa- t aaat batvaam tha tao aoTaraaaBta, it baiog oadaratood tbat be aball not ba a oitisan of althar oountzy. Tba azpaaaaa of tba Ooaaiaaioa aball be paid by tba tao Qoraraaaata la aqaal proportioaa. Tba Intamatlonal OaaBiaaioa aball ba appointed witb- in alz aoatba after tba azebaaga of ratifleatioaa of tbia treaty; and raaanoiaa aball ba filled aeoording to tba aaxmer of tbe original appointaaat. ARTIOLl III f - 3 - ARTICLI III Za •••« thm Blgh Ooatraotlac Partita mhall ^f faiXad to aAJust a dlsputa hj diploaatio aathods, and thay do aot liaTO ro«ou7oo to adjudloatl^ \if a oo^poio&t tribunal, thoy skall at oaoa rofox it to tlio XatoTnatloaal OcmmIsoIob for laTostlgatloa aad roport. Tht lateraatioaal OoMdaaloa Bay, kovoTor, spoatanooualy hf uaanlBOua agroaaaat of for its forrioos to that of foot, aad la ooab oaao It oliall notify both OoTOraaonts aad roquoot tholr oooporatioa la tbo Inrosttgatioa, Tho High Oontraotiag Partioo agroo to furaiah tho Poraaaoat lateraatioaal Oamiaaioa with all tho aaaaa aad f&oilitlaa roqolred for Ita laToatigatioa aad roport. Tho roport of the Ooaniaaloa ahall bo oonplotod vltb> in oao year after the date on irtiieh it ahall deolaro ita iareatigatioa to hare bogua, ualoaa the High Oontraotiag Parties ahall ahortoa or oztoad the tlao by antual agre aoat. The roport ahall be prepared la triplieate; oae oopy ehall bo preseatod to eaah OoTeraaaat, aad the third retaiaed by the Ooeaiiaaioa for ita filea. The - 4 - Tli« Hlg!h Ooatrmoting Partios xeserr* th« right to aet IndapeaAtntly on thm subject aattex of %h9 dispute after the report of the Ooaadssion shall haTe been suholtted ARTIOU; IT The present treaty shall be ratified hy the President of the United States of America by and with the adTloe and consent of the Senate thereof « and by Her Imperial Majes- ty, the Emprese of Ethiopia in aooord&aoe with Ethiopian constitutional lav« The ratifications shall be exchanged at Addis Ababa as soon as possible^ and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall thereafter reaain in force continuously unless and until terminated by one year's written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other. In faith whereof the respectire Plenipotentiaries hare signed this treaty in duplicate in the English language, and here^to affix their seals. Done at Addis Ababa 4 * Department of State ,.- ii / DIVISION Of NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS A\t VtM ^^^ntV ^>^^^ CK/aa-wv "IaaV ^ W ?,vsJLvWr> V\XKk>^-vJ '^ J ^T"na^ fkyO ^ ^ vUjJL Vn ^1 \ <;jdi/ 1^ 1 VSk 'i^ : d't > ' s z' ■ I, '• * ' * 1 .iM^ «H. I / V ■ > i TV ^t^^f**^^ u,v / DIVWifeN OF^ffe^ EASTERN AI^FAIRS ^Im^ ^!f /}• if In view 01- the fact that the J^thiop- I'iii 'Jov«ri.Lierit la prnpared to algn the treaties of ar'ultratlon .ar.d cone Illation with the minor araenckienta mentioned in Kr. Southard' 3 telegram of December ly. 4 P.1-. 1 presume that it I3 not neces- sary to reply to the laat paragraph of Addla Ababa's despatch iJo. 07 of October V 29. 1928. PHA/- . Hii ^ i f t I !•'' ¥1 1 - / ft ECO . ' {IJK^JON OF THE iM^r^'^S^k*!^ OF AMERICA iBjMfcpia, October 29th, 1928. K0V28 28 'r c lin'rs 1928 ">* -Iff,, ; / /. ^ ■V/ 7 A t / I No. 87 tRDISTRIFUac'ii - i- KJ 7 ' --^ ^4~ i o "* In I » » . The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I have the honor to acloiowledge receipt of the Department's instruction of September 15th, 1926, en- closing copies of two draft texts of treaties of arbitration and conciliation, respectively, for trans- mission to the Ethiopian Gk>Yernment. The two drafts enclosed have been translated into Amharic in this office and placed in the hands of the lainistry of Foreign Affairs for discussion with His Majesty, King Tafari, who sinoa his coronation e±ercises full and complete treaty making power. il ^ t ■\ >->. V'-->^r^ » » iMM ^MiMii^i^ ■ ^^.j^ ^..^.^Jlb^ v^*^^BHf fe. '^, ( -2- !?■•' It is probable that aotlve dlsoussion of these treaties will be delayed for several weeka beoause of the pressure of other business in whioh the Ethiopian Government is concerned. The only question whloh has so far arisen was asked me yesterday by His Majesty. He wished to know whether the two proposed treaties would cover personal claims or suits of American citizens in Ethiopia against this aovernment . I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant, \ u' ' \ V I t f . \* i i - r * • -| » .' "1 Vs^ :r 4 y^ ^ ■) i c '. V,*-' /■ OAiifxi oooiiurai rf * 1 P?«t&^»% •f tlM llBlt^i !%•%•• •f AMri f f AU. to ViQM fBMI fllStlR9 1^04. 0010, ORIiniOi nov TB, Ttet ?«p«tia( •p«oiaX tni«% *»d ooiifid«»«« !» %lM MaldlMit wd 0«M«a 0«MittI of tte liatod itotoo of Aaoviom %• BtMopia, I ho^fo lavootod kia with foil oaA oil oonof of pooov OBd ontlMritT for oad la tlio Doao of %Im Oaltod •totoo to soot oad ooafor with mn porooa or porooao doly antlMritod bf tlM OoironMOBt of ItlilopiA, bolac latootod vith liko povor oad ovtlMrltf. oad vitli Ma or tlioa, to aofotiato, ooaolodo oad Trooty troaoaittod I Oaitod Otatoo for Hit ratifioatioa, by Mid aad ooBiOBt of tho Ooaato tboroof • XI TBariioiT Statoo to bo borouato afflxod. ooal of tbo Ualtod Don at tbo elty of faablagtoa tblo tvoatT^flrot day of Ooooatoor In tbo yoor of our Lord oao tbouoaad alao boadrod aad taoaty- olgbt, aad of tbo Ia« dopoodoaoo of tbo Oaitod Statoo of Aaorioa tbo oao baadrod aad fifty*tbird. CALVIN COOLIDGl By tbo Frooldoatt FRANK B. KILLOGG Bottataty af BtatB .*-- V TELEGRAM RECEIVED t ■ ■ " From GRAY ADDIS ABABA .J •>o f^'" t^ ^^^^'W!^^ 19^ 1928 38 a.m. 20th Secretary of State Washington December 19, 4 p.m. Government of Ethiopia is prepared to si^ ratify Treaty of Conciliation and the Treaty of Arbitration witl: the following changes: King Tafari's name to be included in all Dlaces with tl:et of the Empress. In the last paragraph of each treaty replace the words '•Englisli language*' with the wo res "English and Araharic languages.'* I request anoroval of these changes and authorization to proceed with the preparation of the copies of the treaties for the Kind's si'Tiature and ratification SOUTHARD I KLP JH3 V 1 <■ N .] \ • a Hw ;4K2&A ^» f"' a PREPAKINQ OFFICE WILL INDICATE WHETHtR Collect Charge Dc^ju/ u noul — — — OR Charge to $ Telegram Sent Beparfmenf of S^tate to BE TRANSMITTED / ^ .V \V ll«*"".'. ,*> '-;.•. \ Washington, ■ \ \ .II.' December -Sr, 1^23. A.-:.E1ATI0N N * V, W €A .^ Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). 1^ Your Deceuber 19, 4 p. m. 8 1 !T' objection jto changes/ yoiy^mention but you should, atisfyl yourself jbhat, A;.' ri^^texts^correspond sub- stantially 'with )English texts. President's full powers dated pece.-nber^ 2l1 authorizing/ you/to signfthe /two /Conven- tion^ - to you tbyy first mail^ Ask recognition of /this/ cabled \notiiicatio J of /issuance | as /sufficient authority xur you to sign bending |receipt of.auto, ,hed^ powers./ Each ^treaty /should be/i-. /two originals/and alternat observed. ^See |chapter|9, $ection 2,/ Instructiorvi to Diplomatic Officers. ll: :, ^ 711.8412 A/6 / TD:SY3:BLC li£ Dec CR 2^ 1 923 f^ fit t>- 7 Enciphered by Sent hy operaior M.. ■.n ^1 <=K) > ^ ladtx BtL— No. 6a ttt Ho. -^^ December 27, 1928 tht Honorabit Addison S. Southard, Amtxioaa Minister Rssidtat and Oontul OsneraX^ Addia Ababa. Sir: OonfiTming tht Oepartmant * a oablegraa of thia day's data, I snoloss herswlth ths Frasidant's tvo full povara raapaotlTaly authorising you to sign a trsat/ of arbitration and a treaty of oonoiliation with Ethiopia. I aa. Sir, \\ Tour obedient servant , for the secretary of State t « jti.^' Snolosures: Two full powefi. 711.8412 A/6 TO: ^8iBLC CR Dec 28,1^,^ /> ^-ir r V t) If. TELEGRAM RECEIVED \ / EG K JREaMY Vio.OiN Secxetaty I'll 29 192 "J %m '' .» GRAY ADDIS ABABA Dated January 26,. 1929 » - Reed. 2.4d p^^. 26th t.u.«i« Washingto 5. January 26, 6 p.m* 09 iU29 The two treaties of arbitration and 6f concilia- tion were signed and rajn fled today by the Oovemitient of lthio|)ia. • • EG .♦ '' -♦ •>.— '• ^v^ ,.••* _i» ( ♦ f- ^ 2; \ V* ->. I'-ft*' \ ■ \ • a — — -■^^-i» ■■» I ^«ii — _ - '*'^' ■■ I ',- ', "A •-» # i^ r ii^ 4 € ■'i X ^. '7^./ IN ;JjBII'™h^STATES OF AMERICA G ATI ON OF THE \V U-'t / /•?■ ^Ethiopia . s. January 26th, 1929 • led U&FABT T OF 6TATS R 1 5 19^ NPaR £A8TCiu(«mURS X L;'.; 1 1028 iJT! No, 126, The Honorable Sir: The Secretary of state, WaBhiii£toxi» 7//, f ^/J ^/^ I haTe the honor to oonflrm my telegram of this date reporting thA signing and ratification by the Ethiopian GcTemment of the two treaties of Conciliation and of Arbitration, respectiyely. One copy of each treaty is enclosed herewith sealed, signed and ratified by King Tafari italconnen || « on behalf of Her Hsperial Majesty, zeoditu. Empress of Ethiopia, and of himself* The inhario inscrip- tion on the Eing*s seal which, after Ethiopian practice >:. * "f 1 / >-< . ^ ^- _w 4..^ -«-^ ■ .^ .t -8- praotio«, appears at the top of eaoli treaty, reads as follows: ^"KlBg Tafarl, Heir to the Tlirone and Begent Plenipotentiary of the sapire of Bthiopia*** The Kills** 0^9^'^^* *^PP*.^* ^^ V^^ *^^ o^ ^^* treaty, in unharie, after the four red dots. It reads "fliecas Tafari ifakonnen*. The date in i«hario is "Ter 18th, 1921, Tear of M*roy" whioh oorresponds to our date of January 26th, 1929, JL.D. Each Bthiopian official has his own speoial seal for legalizing dooumentary acts. It also au- thentioates and legalizes his signature although under sosss interpretations a document bearing the seal alone is ralid. The signature without the seal cannot confer validity • The seal is, there- fore, of priiBary importance. Only the Impress, the King, and the Abouna (head of the state church) , may place their seals aboTe or before the inscrip- tion or signature. Accordingly the seal of His liajesty, the King, will be found at the top of the enclosed treaties and his signature at the end. I suggested placing the seal also at the end after Suropean fashion but King Tafari would not depart froa Etttiopian custom. 9is Ifajeo^J is r^rj superstitious about sueli^ matters » Muiy allege that he never takes an important step without the astro- logical adTice of his Minister of Foreign Affairs, The ♦ . ♦ 4 jf \ ■y- " i'i A"' 3»f i ' * ^ • ; 4 .*: v-^ • «b ■••> ^Mttiii^iMiiyMii^ MUMimaf imk •s- » .,> i r» >: The original date tor the signing of these treaties ,41 -W > "♦ ..--■•'-■• if, ' 'T r >-■? -T r.-.-l -f was January 20th ^ 19Z9, and it was changed at the last moment. I strongly suspect that the date was found hy the Ulnister of Foreign Affairs to be not propitious. The Ethiopians, particularly in the person of King Tafari, have made great progress in modern beliefs and methods but they have not yet broken away from many important ancient beliefs and meth- ods among which are ^hose connected with the power and influence of astrologers, soothsayers , and the like, TTsually the astrologers are either the more holy priests or the rery learned laymen. perhaps the leadiac one of the latter is His Majesty* s Minister of Foreign Affairs who is an outstanding * t ! •- 1/> p. O \Ti '■■ r. scholar not only in imharie but in the ancient classical language known as Geeze. He is also a poet of repute among his people* - » » '1 r ^n-. i». V •♦■ -^- .«^ V ^*, There is no parliamentary or legislatlTe body ■» •n 4 * in Bthiopia, and no other branch of the Otfl tl iiit V« t'^ a^ AM A j'-*. T r rf- - ^'1 ^ which participates in either the negotiatlMi er ratification of treaties. Hence the ••§! tA4 V,. •1;1 ' Ir^ OOB^ signature of the toTereign is flMil ami liiilatt in establishing adherence and MtifioatiM* f iraation will occur upon tht luiual exehMfe of ratlfioatloBSe By ••'•tBMit batvtan tHe King and Smpress after his 9aroiMti«ii in oetobey Itst the I f o J\S^ .1 4. 4 J 4 '^ :\ ■'. '3!!f''v '^^r'm . former signa and seals all suoh Instrumsnts on behalf of Her Imperial Itojesty and of liimself as representing and oonstltnting the Ethiopian GoTemment. Such was the reason for in/ tele- / / ^ gram of Deoember 19th/4:00 p«a,, 1928| to which the Departaent replied under date of December 28tlv> 5:00 p*m*, 1928, authorizing the inclusion of King Tafari*s name and the writing of the trea ties in both Bnglish and imhario. King Tafari signs all treaties himself and objected to the wording of the preamble of thepe two treaties wherein the word Appointed* was used to designate the nomiiiation of plenipotentiaries. His Majesty tooli the unalterable view that, being .».'..■ ^' ' ^v: .■ / V-. n^ a King, it would be neither fortunate nor proper that he be "appointed.* He would not appoint a plenipotentiary to sign in his place* Accord- ingly there will be noted alight changes in phrasing in the preambles to both treaties in order to meet the King*s ideas and to conform « •* ,- k laore accurately to the imhario which is not a Tery rich or elastic language and not well adap- ted to the style and longer sentences and phrases of our own treaty language. In the rarious stipulations or articles of the treaties, howeyer, there is no dSTiation from the phrasing and text proTided by the Department. The (." V I' 4'- . I » r> t » ^ ■• >- •u.i^i.aMal*aalllHllMHiUIIII leHriMiHHHIIIIiilHIIMMIIMMIMIM^a^M liiiiHiiiMHiHiMi rfia>eiieiiiil(ll -5- Thm Department will probably appreelate that ^ ^ s^ .« the negotiation of tireaties with the Ethiopians is far trek a simple inat^r malniy beoamse of wide difference in Viewpoint and language, \mt also for reasons ' intimated abOTS • - The King was g^atlj pleased with the opportunity to enter into these treaties mit his general aiid inherent Oriental distrust of all suoh instruments oould not be entirely and oonseiously set aside. The Ethiop- ians have bsen particularly distrustful of treat- ies since the famous Uociali Treaty of 1889 in which the Italians gaye a different interpretation Tf- to Article TTLl than was giTen by the imhario text accepted by the Emperor Menelek. As a result there was war, whioh terminated with the historic Battle of Adowa. I do not mean to suggest that the Ethiopians distrust us but what I wish to conyey is that there is an inherent distrust on the part of these people of all treaties or related written documents of international obligation, regardless of origin. Consequently I spent many, many hours of discussion with His Uajesty or the Minister of Foreign Affairs of each word and phrase of the two treaties. In the translation much tedious searching had to be done for appropriate Amharlc meanings. The M V - ,.f ■« *" 1.1. ^■"'i ^'*>J 7T r ...^__.. „....- A -6- The stationery used in preparing the treaties is not perhaps of the most desirable quality and form but it is the best obtainable for the purpose here where supplies of every sort are limited in quantity, quality and variety* The treaties are believed to approach as near to aooepted standards in physical form and preparation as the various suggested exigencies of the local situation permit. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, End Twd treaties • • 'y- 'i if -1 i J .ti-: -^^ . \ > 1» "" • . il-. \ ,-f ^3r ItJ ^' * X ^^J/^ 9-1 o 8 "". X 1. O ,-< V ^ OF S^^ LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 5 ^•'"s January Slat, 1929. MAR 129 • / ^-7 A TRLAi Y U.V. il.^fMn]f^i^ fc,-«»^ No. 129 The Honorable The Secretary of State, Washington. Sir: I haye the honor, as a matter of precaution in checking the arriTal of the important documents -t^ir^" concerned, to confirm hereby my Diplomatic Despatch (To. lZ^6t January 26th, 1929, which was mailed from Addis Ababa on January 30th, 1929, together ♦-• • • with the two treaties of conciliation and arbitra- -r: l^ tion, respectively, which were signed by His Majesty, King Tafari liakonnen, on January 26th» 1929. I have the honor to be, sir. Your obedient serrant. to f. j....M.^i ■*-*iiiiii A't^ jMiiiifibtMAaiii^iii-iititiiii' miii n i i iiiAi ? : •■^ } r / <; ^ \ 4 lo. Maroh 13, 1929 TlM loaor«^l« fiM7l#aii Klaittty ]to«ld«Bt uiA Ooatul 0«ii«ral« •iV) TlM t««4il^t i« ••]DMnrl«dc9d of yomr d««patoh of Jwmarf M, lf89« tyaamittlac oim ovIgiBaX of tte tvoaty of ortoitfatloa oad oao orlciMl of %tm trooty of oomollis* tioA botvttft ^llM Daitod Stotoo oad Itkiopla* whieli ooyo ■ICBod by yoM with line Toforl itekoHMa oa Josiiary 86» 198 TlM teoo^ioo vovo rooolTod 0% tiM Ooportaoftt too la to '**f. for troaoalMloa to tho Soaato boforo Ito adJouvnMat* ol dio, to rooolvo \bm odTioo oad ooaooat of that body to tlMlr rat if loot ioa. Thoy will« howovor, bo laid boforo tho FrooU doat with a Tlov to thoir tranoaiotloa to tho Soaato for tho purpooo otalod i«pon tho roaotoabllag of tho fioaato. X OS, tU, Tour obodloat oorraat* 7or tho Sooyotary of 8tat«i ^ Vv i,. o^'i"^-** Jici. >■ J i i I 1-' 7U.i4ia A/IO I 923 TDtSftlBiO '« trtie ^»Py or *'^'^e-.j^. - -i. . . a . ■win M U I -E- 'V ' r i, -K • -r tial in the act; that the treaties were of the stand- ard form negotiated already with many other countries* • • ■ ■ ■ ^. „' This reply calmed him considerably, ; , The quite excited and even apprehensive attitude of my Italian Colleague Cora when he first got the news of the signature of American treaties here gave, in my opinion, a most interesting and amusing glimpse of habitual Italian concern in Ethiopian international relations* Mr» Cora perhaps ailso had some personal feeling in the matter as he has Justly preened and plumed himself to great extent over the Italian treaty of last August as the outstanding and single accomplidi- ment of the sort between any of the world powers and Ethiopia, Now, of course, the Italian peace treaty is no longer the "one and only" modem or up to date document of the sort existing, and Italy loses by American activity what was apparently cherished as a uniquely distinguished and favored position in the MUk. . > particiilar indicated. I have the honor to ^e^. Sir, Your a ■ s I M ^ ■91 r« c .f— ^ ■ '■ ■* >■ m ai«i .^^ rV*^ oo 1 1 F V 4. ^--r^J^ — --■' ^ - .- X «H A * > :*•;■■ V •■'; .■■■ V ■^?i .1. '. ■ \ v. 'W y '' * • 'J J.. " n t 'i-J J^- fO flB WmkfBl ,i.- -Jit y ft Hm MA «ltt% I Mty f«c«tv« tiM •*▼!•• aai i« ,1. '4- ^ . I ••at •# tM •••»«• %• Its fftnfl«aU#»« X tVMMlIt .V toiM^tH a %fs*t)r •< amttfttlMi »»% w> tm tiM 9tti%«« • ' s * # (MstM aM ltU«pU» •lfM« at kMkm AlMiW am laMMnr it# xnm '? ». 't. / .. . J'. i^ ^ t « ♦ « «. i, < « ll'< l^f: 1 , ,r K ■-»' i L^ « ■l( tn mn ^ '• A|Mn^X 15 #vBwi VfS^iT^^/ ' f* \ mm^ tt^i mkMMiltaii r «? PREPARINQ OFFICE WILL INDICAft WHtTHER Collect Chargo Department Telegram Sent Bepartmi^nt of S>tatt TO BE TRANSMITTED CONFIDENTIAL CODE NONCONFIDENTIAL CODE PLAIN /^ / Washington, May 23, 1929. ^t AMLEGATION, Addle Abada, (Ethiopia). Senate on May 22 advised and consented to ratifica- I tion of arbitration and conciliation treaties with,' Ethiopia both signed January 26, 1929. Atiofy^jusvf^ If^ TD:SYS:AAR > "< »^ ^11Ia%Imi •^ »•. JuMMurr M, lil9 tHi 0m%«4 8t«tM ••« ElMOpiOt •!•■•« •% AMtii AMiO Ml IIM ' » Mk-^ IMi TB, Ttet t IMM^F MtlMrlM AAAitM I. tMtlUlid, VC^^ N^^ itr. ^e^^- oV 4alr iiiiiMtlMA %i«9«%o Vy tiM Oe^» t •# Bllii^plft, tM »miMH Vf Bf VAttflMUM* f«t lNi»«t tM ••fv: t •if«MMlA« tf «ll« ?*•*%!•• W%«««» %h% 9mit9A •%«%•• Md •|]ii«»t*« ••••luAM M M«l« y T • » ^ Aw»», ^viMvf at, IMt ^ II fitrnoif •iiMor, x !•▼# §— ttd tiM —i of tk« V, a/^/ M %1M oity of HMMlailMi V tbiO fifU Uf of J^HMI IB %te foov of o«v %••* ooo tMfoooBA aiao O&B0» OBd of «te IB» if tlM OBItiA ttO^OO of BMVltB %iO OBO fiftf»«liiii« HIRBtRT HOOVIR if tit ftOOUBMll HXIRY L. STIM80I ^^i:z:^^ •oototorr tf iiBto, .?««»-.*«■ 1- ' i^MM^MtfiBMBiBBMHBiBAIBtt -1 OBBiil iMMBMUBM MAiiMiili " r.' ■•■» • .». ' r June 19 192^ /I I r. V / K lo . ^^(^ Tb« Honorable Addison I. Southard^ Miniator Raaidtnt and Oonaul Oanaral, Add! a Ababa. Sir; Tha tyaaty of axbltratlon and tha treaty of oon- olllatlon batwean tha Unltad Stataa and Itblopla vhlab wexealgaad In Itblopia on Janoary 86« 1989» prorlda far tba axobangaa of rati float lone at Addia Ababa. J wm, tbara- fora* aaadlag to you baravlth tba PraaldaBt*a laatruaamta of ratlfloatlon of tba tvo traatlaa for axebanga for tba Ilka Inatruaanta of ratlflaatlon by Itblopla. Aa It vaa not feaalbXa to raproduoa tba Aiibarlo taxta of tba two traatlaa, only tba XngUab tazt tbaraof vaa Inoorporatad In tba Praaldant*a Inatruaanta of ratification. I aa fuftbar anoloalng tba /raaldant*a fall pewar autborlflaf you to affaot tba axobangaa, aa wall aa a fom of proto* ool attaatlng tba axobangaa* for oonvanlaaoa of raeardlnc and filing, It la daalrabla tbat a aaparata protoool of axebanga be algaed In aaeb oaae. laob of tba tao prate* oola le to be elgaed In duplloata, and one algned oapy of eaob In tba fan anoloaad, ebould be forwarded to tba Dapartaeat wltb tba Itbloplifti Inatnuieat of ratlflaatlon of tba treaty to wblob It refera. / / Aa XI I i J J /- - 8 • k% tb« \mo treaties vlll, by tb«lr \%i!wm, go late •ff«ot on th« day of tbt oxobanft of ratifioatioiia« yon will ploaao adTloo tbt Dopartaoat by okblo of tbo dat« of oxobaaffo In orday tbat \tm tae traatioa «ay ba provpt* ly preolaiaad by tba Praaldant. Bafora affaating tba azobaaca^ you will ba oaTaful to %•% tbat tba Engllab and fvaaob tazta of aaob traaty aa Inooxporatad in tba EtbiapUblnatruaanta of ratifiaa* tion oonfom witb tba Cagllab and Franob tarta %t tba traatlaa aa ooatalnad in tba Praaidant*a inatx^uanta of ratlfloatlon. X ajB, Sir, Tour obadiant aarrant. for tba Saaratary of Stata: W- H. .'_uJi:j' jr. Sneloauraa: Znatruaanta Full powar; Protoool. of ratlfiaatlon) CK 3V)t^- 3 , 9^^. JyT\ . *r>kvV5^ 1 5 . v^« . % % ** TTCTiFiGRAM RECEIVED ^M V. . J^.y.. \ ■ Iii4«z BiTTBfta AUG 6 ^929 Def(t.o(tBtdfatl From ^fl^^ . VlDDIS ABiBl^ Secretc.ry of State, in^t on' L 22, August 5, 5 p.ra Washingt /Cr Oat /I ,. Oated Aug, 5» 1929 Rec*d» 3»33 p ..n. p « KT M ENT OF STATB "LAH LAoUKN ATFAIRS i^^HiPB^ \i Protocol of exchange of ratification* of the Trec..tlee of Conciliation and Arbitration a of today's date. SOUTHAHD ISB v*> TREAlY DiViSlOiN • RTMEHf flF ^TAtt i'«i " " J ' . ' ■ — •. T "i^W »•> CD 8 a) C t r a -S ^ ..1 '••2^ii^'. /^ 1 V t \ Vv r • 5 > ♦ 4 ►' 1 M'K ' i ... :S:\ .-1 * • • \r ir. !-♦- '■'/t is, ^'\j6^ ^ V '■'^ . % "»* , » ff »^ I " Jf LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. August 9th> 1929 'A ' ^ '•.t.o - AV. / v-^ r- *'' ii ''' , -a/ SS ' ff / DBPART lltf^ ITATE SEf U#192 V\f'£ lilSfON oK m NCAR tASTERN Al^ > •^ \ '',. t : f9R DISTRlBL;rinri . y^'5 vi 1 ^ } ^ : 'Tj ■'d f « 4 <. ' / lihiii"! - I have the honor hereby to acknowledge receipt of ion Kg* p8 c •o :V, the Department's Instruction Ko* 68 of June 19th> 1929, enclosing instruments of ratification, full power, and ^^^ form of protocol relating to the Treaties of Concilia- tion and Arbitration signed at Addis Ababa on January 26th, 1929, between the United States and Ethiopia. As cabled on that date the forms of protocol at- testing the exchange of ratifications were signed here on August 5th, 1929* The two forms are herewith en- closed, together with the full power (and tranelatlon) m issued by King Tafari to his Director General (MinlsTter)*? • '. »- X. Ji^^m^ f • -' 'N i% >* - 2 - Of Foreign Affairs. The signature in Amharic on each of the enclosed forms reads •^Belaten Gheta Herouy W#S»**, and the Amhario seal on each of the enclosed forms reads "Empire of Ethiopia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs." No further instruments of ratification have been provided by the Ethiopian Gtovernment as the originally signed treaties now on file in the Department represent also the instruments of ratif ication. According to Ethiopian law the seal and signature of King Tafari on J* the two original treaties on file in the Department re- presents ratification as well, and no further action of the kind is required • Ethiopia has no parliamentary body and neither the concurrence nor approval of the Council of Ministers is required for ratification of treaties signed by the head of the state* As Regent Plenipotentiary of the Empire the King»s seal and signa- ture in treaty matters represent the Empress as well as himself. There has never been made public any decree or edict to that effect but the practice is established — and accepted. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obe Enclosed ADDISON E. sour Full Power in Amharlc, with translation; Two signed Fonus of Protocol of Exchange of Pat ifi oat ions. v r » 'A I "'■■ '■*;■ f ■f . ' '.. » m Division OF PEPA»«TM«HT or State WcsnotN EuROf EMI Affairs IBASSY OF THE STATES OF AMERI Sebastlin* i^w^pwt 31, 1 i r v»djj> J v>i« rJTA IK ^\ ^<9A« ^AAX "^ *V^ C.J -2 1929 vsli vX- ^ £tf (/) slow the appointment Treaties of Conolllatlon, 70U want seems to be rather a rare bird in this oountry, I consulted the iunl)a3sador, Blair, and the Consul « Groneral in Baroelona* For non-nationals, the Imhassador au^ested the DuJce of llba, the Conde de Guell, and the )Iarq.u^s de Arriluoe de Ibarra, and Stewart suggested;- (1) (2) (3) Don Darlo Rumeu Preiias, Baron le Viyer, Mayor of Barcelona* / rn Don Jo8d do Olano^ Conde da Figols, ¥loe o President of the Dljutaclon of Barcelona^ v-^^ .__- — . — . — * ^'-^^ — - - * — ^ ^^ Dr. Euaeblo Diaz y Gonzalez, Reotor of the ^ University of BajKOK^ia* ^o The Duke of Alba -j:.^ ,,i i ' ' ' n1 i. '^^ - * * f > y .. • A I « ' ' ^HMMMiiiilflnHiia* -r liHfllMllilMMMteMllMMi tm iMiM^Mtaiiii EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERI San Sobastlin. August 3l7T: t «« F' Index Bureau juiKjiiaviiaj Theodor Marrlner, Ea«;i>) OK 31 ii Jb ^j -2 laaa iv'/f^iViNl(;f DepL of State Washington, D. G. ( Dear Ted:- I am sorry to have been so slow letter of July Ist relative to the appointment as oommlssloners under the Bryan Treaties of Conciliation^ but the type of person you want seems to be rather a rare bird In this oountry# I consulted the Ambassador , Blair ^ and the Consul Greneral In Barcelona* For non^natlonals^ the Ambassador surest ed the Duke of Alba, the Coude de Guell, and the Uarq.u^s de JLrrlluoo de Ibarra, and Stewart su^gested:- (1) 12) (3) Don Darlo Rumen Frelxas, Baron de Viyer, Mayor of Barcelona* Don Jos^ de Olano, Conde de Flgols, Vice President of the Dlputaclon of Barcelona* y^ Dr. Euseblo Diaz y Cronzales, Rector of the ^ University of Baxia||^na* o The Duke of Alba I . •.••/ .< i . I _ 1^ «^ ^ -»- '•« « ' i>. ■ %i ^ ^■i iC . ^. ^A_.^ ^JM - E - f Tho Pake of Alba you know all about and he is eertalnly rery friendly to the United States, but if his appointnent inyolved any work he would probably decline it as his health is none of the best* I should add that while he is pro-Anerioan, he, in my opinion, is still more pro« Sngliah* The Conde de Quell is not the man who has been trotting around in lew York sooiety, but is the older brother who calls himself now, as a matter of fact, the Mart^u^s de Cosdllas* He is the head of the Spanish Trans -Atlantic Company, and inherited with the title very large interests from his uncle* One hears conflicting reports as to his ability in managing his large affairs, and there would again be the difficulty of his being a busy owever as I understigid it these appointments are honorific, Jwft it would not seedl likely that we shall get any years* the llarq.u^s de Arriluce de Ibarra is a rery actiTa ^ ^ - steel man of Bilbao and a Director of many companies* The Consul General in Barcelona has the following to say in regSLrd to the three persons he mentioned:- _______ _ "Saoh of the three persons named is of rery high character, is able, and is rery friendly to the United States. Baron de Viyer is a Catalan, of about 45 years of age, who has a . ♦ ■ .' f. y > x ; » , V l*,,.5f'.^ , '» 'V I. > ■: •. ^ Pf ■MM m iN __^_ggl^lgg iii lilMMiiliittMlMttil • 3 - who has a T«ry high r«putatlon as a lawyer* He was fomerl/ Presidsnt of tho Diputaoioii of Baroolona, and Is at prsssnt ■^.,... „ .. .% di8tiQ£:iilsheA 1:. himself as an adalnlstrator* Count Flgols is a prominent business man of Barcelona who was bom in Bilbao, and who has large minizig interests in Tizoaya and Catalonia* He is by profession a oiril age ...■•.It- English •tL ««■ lagnlfioent oooasions* Although he has nerer Tisited the United States he is an admirer of our institutione, and great friend of •>^ our country* He was formerly President of the Diputaeion -rjK* Of Baroelona, a position he resigned roluntarily, and is at present the 7ioe President* Itar* lusebio £iaz y Gonzales is a lawyer of rery high reputation, is about 52 years of age, and is at present the Reotor of the Uniyersity of Barcelona whioh position he has filled rery oreditably* He is broad minded, friendly to the United States, and would, it is thought proTS a satis- factory non-national commissioner if chosen for such a position lo find anyone for joint coBoiiesioner is eyen more difficult* The Consul General suggests a man that we would also hare suggested, namely, Sefior Francisco de A* Camb<5 y Battle^ who is an ex-Mini ster with a yery "keen mind and who wrote ^~. 21-: "^ ''i^H' ^ ' t/: h\ t **■; ^^. ...» -- .^..^^ ....^.^^ — .... _ — ., — ^- ' ^••^■■•- ..^■:..i.^..-iA>».-.^w. ^,...^.A,.....^Ai- - 4 - who wrote the artioles against Cairo Sotelo's flnanolal policy that appeared in the Spanish press last winter* \ I oononr in liiat Stewart says that he has one of the keenest minds in the country and is l)oth an able jurist and financier* He has the reputation of being a Catalan Separatist, and that might bar him from oonsideration. The other man that oan be mentioned is Seflor Don Juan de la Cierva, about whom the Embassy made a long report in its despatoh Ho* 1327 of August 10th last, but as you will note in that despatoh, he was hostile to the allies and to the United States during the war and I do not Ictiow at all how well disposed towards us he is at present* Hoping that the above may be of some serrioe to you, I am Very sinoerely youra. ' i itehouse* • f ti Aii f 1 A ■ •. i- . 'V" r.'. -w^ ^t ^wm* ■ \ -»» • r / DEPARTMENT OF STATE DBPABTUBNT OF 3TATB ivisiON OF Protocol ffiipft(lff)Uy Index September 84, 1939. DEC 2 1929 would you be good enough to furnish IC with a lis Dsptoif 9lM%ible candidates for the position of Amerloan , ..■.-■ • ■ national and non-national commissioners and for joint ^ ■■.^ r.. commisBlons In acoordance with the Treaty of GoncillatlGn ;- .. • -■ ' ■ - ...■,■ . ^ ' « ■-•■• between the United States and Ethiopia, signed at Addis ( * f ' » - • ^ ♦ ■ ■ . - ■ • _ ■■ ■ • ^ . Ababa January 36, 1939, ratifications of which were ex- chainged on August 5^ 1939. The oommlGsloners must be :si •\ appointed within six months of the exchange of ratific . \ ■ • • • tions. "v i Please add a few biographical data in connection with each name submitted. It is desirable that the candidates proposed should not Include persons who are o already serving on other commissions under similar treaties concluded between the United States and other Powers. « « f' ,T~; ' .> . ^r IC:WTP:QLW:CB8:88 > •f ' . I 02 UJ ^ /■» '. . ■ -v •> T' " f "" " r « I '^^•'*,v ' n i > V •• »v 4 > i. ^^.^ ' "^ - - L irtli iiMii iiann ii -- ^t- -^--J "■ .1^. / / y "mm If :¥ ■ (i i-'* *»' DEPARTMENT OF «TATE '•. V. y. r>' 1 DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS Index Bureau i — — ■ I 'NTERNATIONAL CONFER£(ftt*Oler 28, 1929 DEC 2 19M ANDPROTOCOI DEC 2 1929 ^^j J IC : Dept. of State NE sugge sts i)^p f)^yg,j^y^^j^^yrsjoiia to aot as oom- mlssloners under the Conoillation Treaty with Etuiopia \.,'*.' ii '* National Commissioner: Doctor Harry k, Garfield, Pres ident of Williams College. (For biography see Who's Who in America, Volume 15, 1928-1929, page 838). y^o&B, Non-National Commissioner: Don Dario Rumeu Fr Baron de Viver , Mayor of Barcelona. ( For biography see attached letter of Au£:u8t 31, 1929 from Mr. White- house to l»tr. Marriner. / I Joint Commissioner: Axel Eric Mathiae S JjMiorg Mr. SJdborg Is a Sv;edish subject born Maroh 3, 1878. In L913 he was appointed to the Egyptian Mixed Courts, whjjiph position he held until 1918, when he came to ■:< Washington as secretary of the Swedish Legation. ■ "1 has represented Sweden at International La"bor Conf ... ^ J. ences in Washington and Greneva; he has also serve,.^^---,-^ president of arbitration courts in cases between the -i: T •■ r following countries; Germany and Rumania, Hungary ' /. . . and » ' J- *M««i i^W' \ - ■ \ M liiiw^Arilii «MM«MMUMifcMaMliftMiiliifMlli m i^li^M^Mtik^^i^kiftl *>! -S- and Rumania, and Austria and Rumania; also in an arbi- tration oourt to settle a dispute between Holland and Germany. He has represented Sweden as alternate or del- egate at meetings of the Council of the League of nations, notably at the speoial session called with regard to the adherence of the United States to the Permanent Court of International Justice in 19£6« He has been legal adviser to the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and at present is a cabinet secretary in the Swedish Foreign Office* 't I.' 41- ^ \ .'s. r ■••V .rfiU ¥ > :^ '■X^r- 1 ':% "I II iiipii ■ mi ■V '^- * ^^ I. "» ' > h. iHitt ■iiHiii rilMM N Na;.. ..^er gOr 1h2 i .■ f vr inr d«ar Vr. PT«*id««ti Oai aad !••!•» fot i»r«stig«%l«» aatf r«port oa matioftal •^t«8 afUv dipl«i«ti9 AdJ«ata«at« k«T« failed. It «oia4 M« ••«■ advlsa^lt that appolBte#ata to t]i« tHit OoMil**Ua M •*«• a«i I r«o tloma of Doetor Harry 4. Oarfitld, at Mi«rl«aa Vatlaaal V ■•■^r, aad of Ooa Darlo nowott froltat, Baroa do f^M, Mafor of lareoloaa, at Aaorleaa Woa-latlonal «t«^r, nod of Mr. Amtl Irlo Hatliiat Sjo^rg, at Jolat Ooii- aittionor. blofrayliloal goaVlasoa art appondod lioroto. \ im, mf dtar vr. Frttldoat, Fait^faiXy yomrt F.> 7V" •* " * ^UUip^ l^^ X t Prttidtnt, Itt Heatt ty?TtC0et98 \J 1^ w / J t , \i \ '^i^ yt y '' f or'- { ) Treat dbumM^ 1929 C9 ^^L^^J^Mw^U^^'J^^^^^^^^^^^^'^1 * i t \ vi \ ^ n -♦ - -^ar^^. %' /^^>. -^ ■^ ., -^T - HarTard^ 1904), York County, ney, Oiatriot 8. A«, M«7> 1917 rm of Howe, Hill, Ooy on the r to the Oomaia- Tia and Paraguay, the Harrah Olaia ^ .<. '- A- ( \ \\ * -• V t rEPARTMENT OF STA DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL. CONFEREN AND PROTOCOL -n » r ■'•' 4 t pha/- f 0- 1929 *« T— — ;i ! t ^4^. the v;ith tt ap- th . I ion to the 'g tliose eaoe me that ndesir- concil- \ Under he file lieht view- I V (HarTard, 1904) « ir York Oounty^ ney, Diatriot a. k., ii«7,i9i7 Irm of Howe, Hill, Ooy on the r to the Ooamia- .Tia and Paraguay « the Rarrah Olala ■fi' « ^ li < < -f w \ y' . V I! \ I II I ( 5 ( >., 1 H *• £ . \ . ♦. Mi -' -■ ■ '' ■'■ — - ^ i ] ill I '■if 111 lili Lla.^' .^a^ '^''M ^-T ' '■ i' Department of State t M r' ! I DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS l^-y^^n^bpr 15, 1929 ^ fll TD: ap- »w ■' This Division has initialed the attached letter .o the President with regard to the ooiiniijpp|ftpf®^ 'f^o^^ttt aj pointed under th4>--p>rovifc!LQjn^s ^ojg-^w^e-- recent Treaty of Conciliation with Ethiopia. In passing, however, I siiould like to call yoiu* attention to -- page two of the letter, wherein the recent treaty is classified among tliose "comnonly referred to as Bryan Peace . Treaties". It has occurred to me that it Is possibly unnecessary and undesir- able to denominate these recent concil- iation treaties in this manner. Under the circumstances I am sending the file in the case to you, with the thought that you may wish to express your view- point in the matter* . ,...: ^ \ - ' ^ ■ ,'• (HarT&rd, 1904), h York Oounty» rney, Olstrlot Is. k.. May, 1917 riTm of Hove, Hill» kOoy on the \t to the OoMde- ^^Nr\ .Tla and Paregaay, ^ the Rarxah Olalm Ji ^ »* • N-, .1 . ti .^ M> "* _ Vic-'*"" > T »t '_.--,U I I I I r, V f I v->. . ♦ iMi '^-- " - ■ ^*^ "' ' il*!! iiiiiiftihiil ' 1 «4^. AAMlLa. c 4^ « ' 'A. r ■♦r BIOORiUPHICAL DATA OF THE PROPOSED AMERICAN NATIONAL 0OMMI88IONER ON THE COMMISSION OF CONCILIATION ENVISAGED BY THE TREATY BETIWEN THE UNITED ' STATES AND ETHIOPIA ). k' .-< «4f- ., «, '.'■f; 1 t V "Mh^ X - 1^- WALTER BRUOI HOWE - (Yale, 1901), LLB. , (Harvard, 1904), Deputy Assistant, District Attorney, New York County, 1906-1909; Assistant United • • t States Attorney, District of Columbia, 1913; Captain, Infantry, U. 8. A., May, 1917 to February, 1919; Senior Member of the Firm of Howe, Hill end Bradley; .V jt Legal Adviser to General McCoy on the llectoral I ' . Mission in Nicaragua; Counselor to the Commission . • '. . ._ . . ' of Inquiry and Conciliation, Bolivia and Paraguay, ' ■ . ■ • ....■■' «* < 1929; At present American Arbitrator in the Harrah Claim with Ouba. ■ ) .. ^- •A^. • > * > 7^. i « V- iV V . i, . V ■i . » ' \ i t « . r ♦ ; • i. ♦ . - . * * . t « > . r »^ •«* ■flip ■» I > «';■:!/■ y • MaiHk,idili . J*^ * il.Jfe. il.^ .««^ l,i k. r PHhPAHINQ OFFICE WILL INDICATt WHETHtR Collect Charge Department OR Charge to Telegram Sent 138 TO BE TRANSMITTED CONFiP^l^rUU CODE S^parf m^nf of ^tatr NONCONPlOENTliiL (^tOL^ ' / Washington, - O I. Deoembe ^a 1929. AMEMBA8SY DEC -^0^9 MADRID (SPAIN) ^ / / i / The President has decided^ to of fer ^he appointment ^of / / / / the' American noflViational' member of the 'Oommission of '^Oon- ciliation'with Ethiopia 'pursuant '^to the'terras of the Treaty' / ratifications/of which /ware 'exchanged '^August 5, 19(29, see Treaty ^Series 'No. 300, to 'Don' Dar ic^uta eu^Freixas , niayor "of ' < / Barcelona. You should therefore 'extend to him 'through the' Foreign Office'an invitation to serve) in the 'above mentioned capacity. You will endeavor /to expedite 'his acceptance I and^notify 'the Department 'as soon as possible. I If the ^proferred 'appointment^ be ^accepte the/Spanish' press. "^^v '07. /• ^ '/;v CK T : V.VC 4 -• Encipher td by Sent by opcraior _.. Af., . '" 1 ^ I /.c ^• » J^ -^ ^ Iode2 Bnr DEC 1 1 1929 PARTMENT OF STATE WiySHINQTON \^ V^ 1^ Hovei:.- e; 50. 19?P V'l' ^iXf I PepL of State Uy deariUx. President: Treaty of Conciliation between the United V;' States and Ethiopia provides for a permajnent Inter- f national Commission for investigation ana report on •>7. ■. .-itt disputes after diplomatic adjustments have failed. It would now seepi advisable that appointments t * « 'J this Commission be made eind I recommend tne nomina- tions of Doctor Harry A. Garfield, as American National Member, and of Don Dario Rumeu Freixas, Baron de Vlver, Mayor of Barcelona, as American Non-National Member, / .. , and of Mr. Axel Eric Mathias Sjoborg, as Joint Com- missioner- A few biographical data concerning these gentlemen are appended hereto. I am, my dear Mr. President, Fatiafully yours, The President, »* . ^ C9 The Wnlte House V ' r » ' * '"'* • ••* t ./ 4 « ♦ » * Th« Whita Bouse, APPROVED: ! \ J >•■ * . \>: ' t i » /' •* • »v 1 I . 4 < • ' .*-; to W-, , I ■ t t' ^■ 'f^s;- "♦■I' -A » * ■■ *• ■■'ii'liitiiiiiytit I 1- A 'n.-'k-ubei li j^'j'c.* )tf d«ajr Or. Q&rfleld: Acoordlng to the tezKs of the present treaties n^ entered Into by this oountrj with thirty other nations, eaoh GoTeronent ssleote for the permanent oesMlsslon of ^ Investigation one ooonlseloner fron Ite own country end ^ one OMBilesloner from another ooimtry, the fifth ooaslssloner ^^^ being eeleoted by the two count riee Jointly. xi By dlreotlon of the President, I write to ask you to aoeept the position of Ajierloan Meaber of the International Ooamlselon proTlded for lay the Treaty of Oonolllation be- tween the United States and Ethiopia, ratifications of whloh » were ezohaaged on August 5, 1939. A copy of this treaty is enolosed. While the Oowilsslon is a standing body, no duties are required of the aenbers unlees sons dlsagreeaent arlsee between the contraoting nations, and the Coaadss loners re-> oelre no ooapensation except for the tine actually enplcyed. the Dr. Harry A. Oarfleld, Preeldent, Will lane Oollege, WUllsBCtown, Massachusetts. I t '** 'm. .•..II MUm f«r mok tiam ^l«i f iaMl ^ iy - « . h ♦ I W t — • > tlM aatUni aai bcva* •^pnXljr ^ tlMS. < K flA iBif#ai at yowr •arlj omgmml it vlll IM ■jrnrtle to jwa tm iMiTlito this tMk. HBHBV L.. SUMMON * •• •>•••• ^ u^-- « X 4 • , r- - » ■ V*' ** t Ospgr «f tr#aty« * I :HLM:S8 r 1 / A ♦. 01^ V 1 IM PHt PAHINU Of FICE WILL INDICATt WHETHER Telegram 3e:nt..c,v 1 IM Charge Depart. i.,,.t OR % j: N, Washinglon, December i^, 1929. DEC ^4 23 C7_ TO BE THANbMin tD CONF>i»rtI?tAl CODE NONtfjiiirlDLNT lAL CODE PLAIN ALLEGATION 1' u ADDIS ABABA, (ETHIOPIA) The President has apnroved the appoint] / / f / ' / Eric Mathlae^Sjobor^, Swedish Minister to/l O.^ holder of / s^ondry ^0 st fi ^n'^ln t yxT\ / . ^ bunals. and former iternationaj.^ tribunals, and f / / / / r/8wedisly^Delegat ion/to thar L alternative^ membo^r ( of Nations, as Joint^Commissioner/under the/terms '/ / / V treaty withnsthiooia / the Ratifications of/V: eagu hich/were / Please, therefore ,/approach^the Ethiopian Government on the subJect/and/endeavor to /secure itsy^ipprovaX to t joiny appointment. ^ x^ / , there/is no f epresenta tive/of the / If yo z Ethiopian Governrnent/at Stockholm y inquire if/^ur / /^ / / ^ ther^ may <^onvey /theyinvi tation/^n behalf of /6oth/Gk)vernments. perceive/^o obiectionAnd a/favorable opportunity presents/itself, express/the hope/ that theyttthiopia^G men t/ma^ soon ^j>^l'iM^ of the ''Commission^ ip:MPT:VWO EnciphcTtA by Sent by opfralor Index P': Nu. oo. / S/ 'X/.AJUQ '«9t Deo.l4,ifi2? fl ttrrv ■ •t* 1— in T^T WILLIAMS COLLEGE WILLIAMSTOWN. MA8»ACMU««TT8 '♦f v,-A f h / ?' I V fc. Offici of tmb Prksi OKNT ■ h*t.A AM RECP ' ? % ■• O I DEC 17 De-.r !:r. Secrrtrry: K DIVISION op^^^^ ailfftNA^IONAL COWFERENI 1929 J OF SWE IC, 1,29 "l regret to^^sartLt^'f eel^'o^^oS^^^^^^ ^^^^> tne invitation eytPTirlin +^ co^io^lled to decline President, n^^aely tt Ll^ T.^^ direction of the A.^eric-n Men^oer of fL t f^ ^^"^ position of provided for b? the T?e'?^oTr''""^°"^•^^^^i°- the United StnLs and EthLoia '''ShNl'^''"^^^''^^^^ are reouired of the ^e^berp n^*o ^^® ""^^ ^^^^^^ arises, the unexoected^ r^f^ ®^^ ^°-"® disaP:reement 8-.,- nd at ore.cent I shonlr^'^h ^'^''S?'' '''"^ ^'^^^ -.atters attention to the^ ^utLTof'tnnSe'uion!'^^ ^^"^^^ ■^n the tiL'%S'r'ou'h?'to1v ''? '^ occupying In addition to ny re^^i r n^i i^ ^^ f""''' ^^^ Ooller:e. ^rx for tne next ^ession^oJ^" t^rii^f^t^f '"? '''^'- ^^eoaration^ ^''ill take me to London for th^^;^^ 2^ Politics which in the -.idst of a ct^^^J^r J^^ ^^^^^ of January, we are the oaynent of P^o^essorS^V l^,^^'^''^^^^ endov-^mentr for ti.'.e I n.rr. seekinr :^ f'e'er to%" '' ' '^'^ ^' ^^^'^ ^^^« the Instit-ite of Polit oo >, .If cruestion whether T^ermanent footi - nd .^L ^^^ ^^ ^^"^^^^ ^^^'^^ a sincere rerret to ::« t'??Tt: ^' '" ^ ^'■"■^^^^^ ^^ to your letter ^ ^''''''°^ ^^^^ :^^s in re^ly I a-m, ]:]y d.^^nj SecT'j t'^ ry Very si-..cerely y ur^ ; The Ho u . ~e The Secretary of State ■■ashirrton, D. C. CO 2? f oo / 1 \'- *i, MMWilMltflMiiii HMMMMli^iMttl r y TjV^^ *.. • •j*^ a '^,^ ''-J^'^O W »■ « No* 979 •\ rf^^ ^ ^''^'**t,«— "» OCT 21 1913 H.IV HambuTt:;, Germany, Koy 10, 1913. -4 1^ s ^ S Vj "^ J ■ J -^ Subject: Treaty with Abyssinia, T)I^riNj:— .^■M^J^ \t ^ i: m 'V ,f,. 4^ • / t / y •« -y /—/ / I >■ y* c^-^.r i/' '' W§^^W^^U9Bm m^ l^i^f^^BBJHHWI^lP^Br^fc^p iB^^rlPHt i ^t-r. <- w I ^ / .w ■J / \. >/■ mr , 1, r i»i< B ii|i| ^n f Kgimf p . * ^ * miitmmmttifm*'' (MMI#tfi^ HMMMltM It 1^ ^gMt^ '-.M*^ li»II W > ' l > < ill ■ I 'litlli " »'■ IMI* If* ■*'•!>, *-^t' • j^PPI. ,^il^^ W •HP^'lPw^^ •P'^^ ^^» ^■|r •• i Jr ■* I * i „ "''4 ^jA • -h. i 1 1 Ai m / f> .1 '^^ 50. ^ jAnuAry Z, 1914. John Q. Woo A, Keqnlrt, Anerloen Consul, Cf ricrcl ^ Adl« A'bdbft, Kow »t Tripoli, Libya. 31r: Tou ere lnBtruote<5 as Boon rve practieatl* after yonr arrival at Adla Abal)a to prooaed to na(^otlate for th« ooDoluflon of a new oosmeroial treaty batwaan Ethiopia an(l the tTnlted Statee. Tou will endeaTor to •ecnre o treaty oonforming to the terme of the enoloeed draft. The differenoea belvreen the Treaty of 1903 end thlfl flreft ere ae followa: let. In the propoeed (Iraft the followini^ words are onitte<5 bt the end of Article I.: "While re8x>act- in^ tb« uaa^ee and aubmlttln^ themaelTee to the trlhu- nale of the oountriee in which they may be located. " The treaties batwean Ethiopia and the varioae European Powera do not contain avoh a provision. If, howevar, you find that in practice the subjecte or oitleene of the v^rioue European Powers do submit to the Jud^ent of the trlbuTiale of Ethiopia, you may allow Article I to rea<5 as it does in the Treaty of 190^ if you think it adriaable eo to do. Seoond. The wording of Article I? hae been changed so 68 to a^ree with the proTisione on this eubjeot con- tained ); il ' 1 tA.^ ll t»li)«d In the treatlee between Kthlople and the T»rlouB Euror«e^n Powers. Third. A raenlfeet greamatloel rale take which ep- p«arB fat leaEt In the English rerslon) of the laet sentence In Article Y of the Treaty of 1903 has heen oorreoted In the propoeed draft. fourth. Article 71 has been eo wordea that the new treaty will continue In force until terminated by notice given by one of the two contracting parties. I an , sir, I rf» Your obedient ecrTant, JCiiN Bi .. > r '^ ■« - -» I ^.^ O • > — Actine Secrci^.ry of State. Encloeure : ]>rnft of treaty. President's tiuthcr i»iat i 'r. to r. fii^n treety . }£>•*■« and 3 P/Pl J ^1 Cy^ ^^»^Vanf*iVPMr-A— •»^r<«M-<«'«Mlgqp ARCHIVES ) !To. W- Ji:*nufcry 9, 1914 • Dhn Q. Ti'ood, "squire, irwrloftn CoBeul- General, AdiP Ataba, Car© of American SBbaeey, ; leferrliit'' to InBtrnctlon Fo. 8. dale^'' Janu^ rj^ 3, 1914, Trow the Depfirtmtnt . relative to a new treaty tietwee At. i^elnU tind th^ U: lte(' rtatet, thr Depertnent depireF to chI your f^ttentlon to the ^f^.ct rh^t the London papers report Ih^. t an Order In Council was pro- TnulfHled on December Eorc^ by which Wt Brlileh Consul- 3en^^.'»l In -byralnir le veatec^ with extrr terri torlal JurlBMctlon with rcsvf'o' to British eubjectfi In the Kmy Ire of AbyfiPlrif^. It 1p f\lbO reporte- thrt British Consular Courtb are to be eet^ bllbhed In Abynelnla. and the London pnpere h!rt th» ^ probr bly the CJoTernmentP of Itf^ly hn(\ 'V^nce will t^^ke f himiltr etep. You are Inetrnoted to neoert^ir vh^t extr^^terrl- torlnl rl/rhlK will In the future be olelned In Abyaelnla by Great Britain, ^enor enc' Italy, end to endeavor to secure 8l»^,llar rlp^hts for the 'Jnlted Statee. A true copy of tbe signed jri^- I R*^. "Ir, Tour obedient eerrRr. t, •^or the 'otlnf Seoretery of Strte: ALVEY A. ADEE SI 3 ?/pl T '-r -t: Tr»^rJM J Ho. January 15, 1914 Felix fllloughby a-ith. Esquire, Ar:'^ricaii Oonarul, Al^n, Arabia. Sir: Th9r-= i« er.clceed the Preeident'e autfcori '.ation of John Q. •ood, At. icir Consul Gon^ril at Idie Ababa, to negotiate rfith the Oov-jTuaent of Abyosinia lor the renevy/jl cf the existing Treaty bet-^een the Onitol Stitea and that count ry. }f.T. food is new in Rone, Italy, en route to hia n«w poet -iT.?. ^111 l-save th'^t City ••within the nert few weeke. It la desired th t you lellrer thie authorization to Mr. Wcod wh-^r he touohes \t Aien. If by any char.ce you are unable to hana the locuT-o-.t to the Consul General per- Bon^lly, yen will eea th t it ie tranenitted to hia by the ?''^f=et neane pTr' -t ic«bl9. I am, Sir, Tour 6b -client aary^nt, For the 9'>crnary of State ~^^^7 K * ■ ,/ • »« i 9 ^ . t ■ - ' ~— "■- ^ - -"■ ■'«-^. ■■^- •aaadlWiaJllU ' # a Hr^, Z7^ ^.^XxC^*^ ^? ^ f )^^t.oe-t-^X-*>-C-«-^ *>%««»*^M||| Cdf-M/f^ ^jj<7u^ /ftnr'O^P-i>*jt*'*^ I 4 . ^ » I r ^ f1 ^. •i f rifl ■HHMMMtaauMwiMi mm f i ■ ■ I 1 1 1 » '** \ DCPARTMCNT Of STATE OFPI6K THE DIRECTOR OF CONSULAR SERVICE. , • •- f 5:11. Ify dear Mr r 27, 1913. >< So far as I i^sfih been ablefllb examine into this question of J^isdiction Iqr Abyss Inla* I hare been unable to find any infonoation as to whether In actual practice t foreigners submit themselros to the Jurisdiction of the so called Abyssinian courtSf and in none of these cases do I find argf reference to a provision exempting foreigners from the' local jurisdiction. 1^ examination so far seems to support the view that foreigners resident Un that country are subject to the local Jurisdiotlo: Gould you Icindly have the matter examined into a little further? None of the despatches from our representatives in Abyssinia in the past seem to contain any reference to the subject* ^fr. WJO vv ' -^ i ' ' •-' , 5-' 4*"« < « , I ■•. ■ •'• ■'4'■^ .-> •' . \' ' , % .^ ' V k- A. •-ii 4^f k. .^^ OCPARTMCNT Of STATE Office of the Counselor -^ . S^l^ \ /^<.r. * - IS-,. >. t '■ > I *^ ^ r ' ■ "J > < m- MM mmm . . ' » ^ ' -^ ' ^. "W -^ ^ • ' ■» » '• .' ^ " *.,/..• < > ■ • • ^ • * > , ^ . i * • .^ . •* ' . 1 ■%. < ■ » * I • ,. - ' 1 • • , ,/ ■ » • • \ *.*-.» • f > . " • • ( • ' V J 4- ^ir -'■ ,••'.' ■■• • » ' *" u - i ■ • .; . , • . ' • » •■ .(. : * • *^ .;{|y , # i . .* I ' . ^ ". "^ • "■; J ' •"• 1-, .^^ ^* •■ :• 4, )'•'•■ ... . : ^ • ^ . - r \ » .^^P -^ I r . . , > . ^'l "f^^m^ ^■H. HB - , T; ' ^v ^^^^^^IpT' ■ "■■•' ''«'.•.■' < •» ■ " ' '. f •< ' ■ - . • « 1 ? . * • 4' \ ' ' ' » ■ r •» • ! ^ .'■f % ■■ ^i. ■■ * ■ • ;.,-*r-. • V- , f '1. ' ' ■^' i-.'-i • - ?, •1 m 1 * , » . > -i *>. •^ ; :. \ . ..\ ..,:^..^:...^.Mi...,^ ....^A^.t,»...jJbM.^..M ,-»^,g». :MUd&k^^.';?..;iML..AK.'^..F^. a4 '&.«.. ^.Eii,... . .A '^'».^'.«&. jM&i^ .4 .i. iBiiii-iti'itlliiiiiiiiaiiiii rij-fiiili i—,,^ ff /j i« 4 bCPARTMCNT OF STATE OFriCK OF THE DIRCCTOR OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE ^ «.ja» - "- - - • ■ -■■ "-■■■- -^^^ ....^.-....A^itMfcJl* t>«.-A. h .^...' ^^ .ZL.Jk {^ xL^Ji^iu.. OCPARTMCNT OF STATC orrict or THC DIRECTOR OF THE CONSULAR 8CRVICC. Hovember 25, 1913 Dear Vr. Putney: Ur. John Q« Wood, nam at Tripoli, has been appointed Con- Bxil-aeneral at Abjeelnla, and no dofnbt you will wlah to oonalder haying him taka up the question of a new treaty with Abyssinia or a renewal of the old one* Mr. Itoelllrray and I had some oororer- sat Ion scBetlna ago about It* Will you be good enoug^i to draft any Instructions that you oonsldev necessary so that they can be sent to Mr* Wood prior to his leaving Tripoli for his new post, irtilch will be In the course of a few weeks* WJC A d 1 '% '• '■ 14 m -r ■■ 1 ..I i\ ■ \ . '5 m % • 9 r ' I. •• • » 4 cf" i OFFICE HE DIRECTOR OF THE COflSyi^^P^gypiEr: SEP 4 1913 Jua« 26, I>#ar Mr. Secretary: With reepeot to the applioatlon of Mr* Joha A» ^ Ray» ttow Coaeul at llaraoaibo, to be appointed Coneul«* "^ General at Adle Ababa, I beg to aote ae followe: ^^ la 1903 thie Oorenuient eent Robert P« Skinaeri then Ceae\Al« General at Mareeille, and aov etatloaed at Haaburg, to Abjeeinla to negotiate a trade treaty and to gather inforaatioa reepectiog the coBnercial re-» eouroee of that country* Ae a reeult of Ur^ Skinner* e rielt there was eigned at Adle ^im\m on December 27, 190Sy a treaty of coonerce which vae ratified by the Preeldent March 17, 1904 • By the terms of the treaty, It expiree on March 17, 1914 • Mr. Sklaner, vho negotiated thtf^reaty', expreeeee the opinion that it is highly desirable that we preeenre and perpetuate our preeent treaty relatione with Ithiopia^ldth which country we have a Tery "^atiefactory eenBerce now fully protected as itwepecta equality of customs dutlea^ and through which our citisens are entitled to all the rights and privilegee enjoyed by those of Ihe meet favored natiotfe The record of the negotiations which led to the conclusion of the exietlng treaty, ehowe the JeUouej with which certain luropean powers regarded our trade and the efforts they made to defeat the negotiation of the treaty by which the United States obtained most farored nation treatment and the uee upon equal terms of the railroad and other public utilities of the country. As will be seen from the appended memorandum .' *i » r- t "> ■ 4 ^^ MHMHMIIIMMBI y^^MMl^riibAta ^■"" '■■ ■"" ■'^-^•^^■'■^-^■■■■"afc-'^'.^*'^- .*-.. ..>-A,.^..-A...^.*^... .> DEPARTMENT OF STATE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE. by liassrs. Macliurray and Pepper, it would seem de- sirable that this OoYemnent should not relingulsh its treaty rights with Abyssinia and that it should take steps to bring about a renewal of the existing treaty either for a term of years or for an indefinite tlne^ as may be thought better. For a time after the conclusion of the treaty of 1903^ this Goverament maintaiaod a Consul-Oeneral at Adis Ababa. In 1908, however, in sending Ur. Hoffman Philip as Consul-Oeneral^ it was thought best^ in order to give the American repreeentative standing equal to that of the representatives of European nations, to give Mr. Philip the additional Utle of Minister Resident. Mr. Philip remained for about a year in that capacity and in December, 1909, was transferred to Constantinople. Since that date and until a few months ago, this Goveruent was represented in Adis Ababa by a Vice-»Consul«Oeneral* That officer recently died and the property of this Government is in the custody of the British Minister Resident. Mr. Ray, who desires to be promoted to Adis Ababa, entered the service after examination in 1909 , being appointed from Texas. He served as Consul at Maskat from 1909 to 1911 and as Consul at Maraoaibo, Veaesuela,i frcm 1911 to the present time. He is about 34 years' of age, speaks Spanish and french fluently and has a fair comand of German, Portuguese and of Greek, and a working knowledge of Arabic. Before entering the service his time for the most part was occupied as an inatrjctor in languages. While at Maskat the Inapecto .< V. '. i^ -» ) t 4 ^ 3\ \ ■ .•^ i^ -^i ■^*v. I I * --^^*.---^^>^ "^^ ^^*- ^> i DCPARTMCNT OF STATE OFficc or THE DIRECTOR OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE -8- gar* hlB a rating of Fair to Oood* His rating for cMnaroial woric is Good, according to this Dapartnont*s records and his name does not appear upon the list of delinquents furnished by the Departinent of Cooneroe a few days ago. His assignment to Adis Ababa as Consul* General would mean a praaotion of a little more than two grades, but the important thing Is whether he possesses the qualities which would enable him suocsssfully to carry on negotiations for a renewal of the treaty in the face of obstacles ehich might pessibly be interposed by representatives of other governments* On this point I have a good many doubts and think it might be well to select some member of the service with broader experience and more resourcefulness than lfr« Ray appears to me to possess* I would also suggest that the officer selected for this mission should, temporarily at least, be given the title of Minister Resident as well as that of Consul-- General* This would merely require nood^natlon to the Senate and would not involve increased compensation further than could be met from the emergency fund* It would be wiss also to have no undue publicity, since it is ixqportant to avoid arousing opposition from rep- resentatives of other governments to the renewal of our treaty* •», f I n ' ,ir • - iiii^iiaiMibaMMMMibMi«aMiai ; , ■^ MiNisMSiSmiiMiiHissiiiilil .1 711. 84E DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF STATE. OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS . June 14, 1913 Dear Mr. Carr: I Bend you herewith a copy of a despatch from Consul- General Skinner in which he calls attention to the termina- tion, on March 17th next, of the Treaty with Abyssinia which he negotiated in 1903. Although a reasonable construction of Article 6 of the Treaty scarcely seems to me to Justify the statement that the Treaty will terminate next March unless renewed, there is eridently another con- struction possible: and we nnst look forward to the possibility that the Abyssinian Goremment will either rolun- tarily or xmder pressure from our com- mercial rirals adopt that latter riew. The record of the negotiations for the Treaty clearly shows the jealousy with which certain European Powers regarded our trade, and the efforts they made to defeat the negotiation of this Treaty by which we obtain most- favored-nation treat- ment and the use on equal terms of the railroads and other public utilities of the country. As a matter of geography, our trade would be virtually excluded from Ethiopia if surreptitious influences in- duced that Government to take the attitude that the Treaty establishing an open-door arrangement in our favor goes out of ex- istence In March, 1914. N[ ' I •1 } It \ \ i^r* .-< 1 i. "^1 K • /- if ' i<1 ► « f? ^ • ^ It therefore eeeme to me very ad- visable to have in Adie Ababa, where we have been unrepresented sinoe the death of Yloe-Consul Love, some one to watoh the situation in the interests of American oonimeroe, and to carry on euoh negotiations as may prove necessary to continue in • effect the provisions of the present very satisfactory Treaty. Whether or not It may be thought desirable to appoint another Minister Resident at Abyssinia, is a ques- tion the decision of which may perhaps not be reached for some time: and in view of the possibility that a delay in this matter would leave us unrepresented at the crit- ical moment when our treaty rights may be held to lapse, I would suggest to you the advisability of appointing a Consul-General to Abyssinia in the near future. ^ -HNATIONAL ARCHIVES -•-«*-— ^^-. « \ aSB 123 V 8i/7« t#legram from lAim A^aVa, dated Uaj 3, 1914. adTltin^ tliat the traatj iiat been farorably eoxiildered; aetlon neaetearj glow; ^-nn.^QX signing two weeka. H .^ \' V i* ' I • r~ I A^, it ;i :-t-^ J JJV /4: » ' . 1 \ . r w* ' ^ ff -"f-xp ■- -t*AT10r".L ARCHivr i € 3 No. 4 COiriSBITUL. AMERICAN CONSULATB-GEM^4tt.r is Ababa.Atyssinia, Aplril jt8r/l^l?4. ■^ v r ., ;; /7« Subject, negotiation of new treaty with isthiopia. ^. '> The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington .^ ^ N^ % > ^i V c x ."v > ?» r, 1 Sir NV; 1 have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the Department's Ho ,2, dated January 3, 1914, regarding the negotiation of a new comniercial treaty between the United States and Ethiopia* Vei*y soon after my arrival I approached infor- mally the Minister of Foreign Affairs with this point in view, ne hesitated for a while not knowing whether It would be advisable for the Crown Prince at the pre- sent time- to negotiate any treaty , especially as the death of Menellk II had not been officially proelaimed. I called his attention to the fact that upon the death of Menelik all the rights, pririleges, power and aathori- ty descended to Prince LidJ Tassou who had been proc- laimed saooessor of Menelik II. .and I also obserred that L jki .iidj 4 -r:^ ■. i ^ I .tmmmtmmmmmmm s % A .4 -«- Adl8 A^aba. 4-18-14. 'It o lidj Taaaou was exeroiaing all of the prerogatirea of the Emperor of Ethiopia. He aaaented and aaid that if it were a\i3olutely necessary to negotiate the treaty at once he would submit it to the Prince and hla Miniatera for their considerairion. But he expreased the opinion that if it were not absolutely neoeaaary that it would be better to defer the consideration of the treaty until a time when political conditions of ^he country were more firmly es- tablished* I could not secure an expression of opinion as to how long that would be. • • • I anticipate no difficulty in procuring the changes suggested in the draft of the new treaty. I do .howerer.haTe ^. - ^ my doubts about negotiating a treaty in a Tery short time, as the present GoTernment is the worst trayeaty erer inflic- ni the Ministers , especially the Inlinlster of Foreign Affairs, ted upon a people. The Goyenunent exi8t|/only in nam% and are the worst types of plunderers that any Gorernment erer ^ had. The Prince, a boy of 18 years. Is a debauch*^ , sensual, syphilitic, Ignorant , without absolutely any idea of kla du- ties, la a mere tool, at the present time, of the lilinister of Foreign Affairs, a moat unscrupulous , lying blackguard. My colldjrues , however ,giTe me the consoling information that all of the other officials are of the same character only not quite so cleTer. My sickness which has continued Incessantly for two weeks and I am still confined to my bed suffering some pain, 30 that it has been impossible for me to take up the negotiation of the said new treaty. But if my condition steadily improves,! expect to have the treaty signed with- ^ »•■»•-. 1- t in a month from date. I kare tli« konor to be. Sir, ' \ V 7a«p obedient 8 631. Q. -.00 •Xr — /r^^ ^ • ^4BMr4eaQ Cozisul G«a#xal. -^: r «. Al ]{ TO ^ fcK * ^'-^-'-^-i^AIVl RKCEIVKIJ. pumj T^v 7 / .-^ \, t I ,.1 '^T/o 'Tdtz^^^'I Secretary of State Wafclngtoni ^ .^ ^<2 //?, Ababa* .«« Change ten to twoT years in propoeed treaty^ coalncldli^ with terralnatiion of French treaty which grants Jurlsdlctloni Imposelble to convince Ministry that our consular jurisdiction would cease with expiration of French treaty. Init ruct« ' 3 ^5 4^ 1 I t WOOD Deciphered by \m4t\ Ba H%. SI * . f. "'^-^'■^■^ ---' • ' • ► % .1 Telegram Sent. ^% BURe^cparttncnt of State, 1914 I 3 p/pi I'yt V <^/rA j / inu/o/o^ CIPHER June 6, 1514. American Consul, Adie Ababa. Your/junr 4th/ / If4poselbl./^o M.otlele/ treaty for/pcriod/of ten years,; yo^ na:; ^ceoti.te/lt 'for/ourr^.earicrlo,^'.; In / such^case/pro.iae 'if poc.ltle/tha; treaty^ .hall be/ ^ automatically ^enewed/*or further/perlod bf/te,/yeare . unlc. r /notice' to, con trar:-/le/ei.en ^one/country, to the L other at l^nr^ ..x.Tmonihs berore/ternlne ^ tior, -^f /trfaty/ djL». Enciphered b\ I Se6t by opetator iB^tfli No 5« ^^ ^ fci. Af /:^»%.f. ;. 191 K .^/ .7 ■■/ « i h I w XEI^KQRAM RBCKIVED. H Undated* Beod» June 9#06 29^ AM; DIVISION OF *— — ■ 23S». Secreftary of State,; Answered bjf 3 WaeMngton^ D, C« ^ 1914 « > I bring? Treaty signed* Shall I mail or Leaving to-»morrow« Cable reply Men. § W< • t • /^ivr/j- Deciphered by !-i>era 7^ tor I ^.^ ^ V ij\r.^A^ f\:A^ >* -> ECEI I^D OTTl g^^ , 191 . _Af. -, 'V }' , ^1 "H/ooS ^. ^- •• ■^-T ■ * t •* -"t Mti •«.-»•. 42. * 4 ■ .^ i J' V ': J^ t i • < • O r: ,7 ./ U ' '^ * t . . , » f- l' V . i ■ i ■* VA>i^ - < f ;aE Wi^iHiW —MAT ION Al! ARCHIVTS \L TELEGRA - nnMM h F^f" ! A i CABLEGRAM T '•••'■""•I f^ •j.« i lOe'b-a.20. 23Sp « A4isai>>elMi S«€St«tk> , Washington > <"'?#: -^:*'««illgl^i ■^ "*^ •i "\*. - «. OFST^*-/ Cant i««iph»r eaMegraa Icokgy no red cipher eoda this offiee hare ovAy weatern tmlon code edition 1902 Wood. .s. t • n X c_ t. ^ « <• CO b J • ■' z ;1 < >f ^^:u ; n^ ho Iftqvlry rii^tciiiif IWs wMwif om lit >tt— itd U m H km U tim prtdMtioaof tkU ptppr. RtpttitltA tf ^ VMi ^' A i ^ •••■ r v-f". Hc^ ^>. -i Ak Zoo.- -^ /^ '''^' ^^^^A^ 7 ;*; • Dear Mr, Secretaty : iQ /I BRITISH EMBASSY. ^ 'i WASNINdTON. Jun« 17^ 19 1^.'^:" J .f .^yM.^\a^ i f t ■ f • 4k. -• ^ ^ k< ? ^, I beg to inform you that last night I received a ^ cable from His Majesty* 8 Repreeentativs atm Addis A'mba' transmitting a message which the United States Consul- General at that place^ owing to the fact that he hajs no CO o cyphers^ had requested him to convey through this B to the State Department :- The message ie as follows: ••Urgent* Authority requested for signature of Treaty for four years ••• - Needleee to say that I shall be very pleased to transmit to Major Doughty Wylie any meeeage which you may wieh to eend in reply to the United States Consul-General I am^ Dear Mr. Secretary, Youre sincerepiy. The Honourable William J. Bryan, Secretary of State, a^-ay^^<^ «tc.. etc., etc* . ni*t4B/ d'Aff^irM of ov««t BrlUin. 3 I'M , pf , ^ '• y .\. i. t.4- June 17. 1914 I Uy dear Hr. Charge: I beg to aoknowledge the receipt of jour note of June ITth, stating th&t jou h&Te reoelTed a oatle froa the Britiah repreeentat ive at Adia Ababa tranemlttlog a neeaage whioh the U<ed Stutea Consul-Oeneral at that plaee^ owing to the fact that he had no olphera^ had requeeted bin to conTcj through jour Umbaaej to the State Department. I wlah to thank jou for jour oourteey In thie oat- ter, and to request that jou aend to the Britiah repre- eentatlTe at Adie Ababa, in cipher, the enoloaed telegraaip to be eoBDunicated bj hia to the Axserloan Conaul-Oexisral at that place, and that jou will inform thie I>epartioent aa to the expenee incurred by jou in eendlng thla tele- graa I aa. BJ dear Mr. Barclaj, Tery einoerely y^ure, ^ ^ Bncloeure. Mr. ColTille Barclay, Charge d' Affaires 711. 84E/ 3 p/pi of Or eat Britain n •*..-. 4ii«j^ .-«■ V i > '* A ■^■i. ■W yr * ' v '^ ^ ;/ Tou may negotiate treaty for four-yeair period If . ■*■ impoBBlble to negotiate for ten-year period^ l)iit provide In treaty, if poeelble. In ench case, that nnlesB notice to contrary le given by one country to the other at least Bix monthe before termination of treaty, treaty shall be cutoEatlcally renewed for farther period of « ten yeere . Ssj ^ '■-> -I }^ I A « 4 > . . I J' A ^ ^' V k'. f» .-.t-., W-.A « I Pin t^^^^^^^^mmmmiffii NATIONAL ARCHIVES '•"■■'■^■■•••^•■■■iPBIBi f mf^^mmmmm tfy^t,'**' ••mimrmi^imm < < w '#• '^W v^^Nt" / ^"»4l»»»»<» j««#» -•" » «• . p^[ 70 1914 I ^vy i \^^, . ..^^ .1 ISM i ^fi^^onnvpiFi^ J* ^7 IfCAN c6NSUl>tC-0^ Adis Ababa .Abyssinia, June 9 » .V . - ■■ "^ v J,. ,1 >y 5 / ucrroR's officob JUL r 3 1914 AhTMEHT OF STATL SUBJECT: Kxtraterrltorial Jurisdiction of British Consul-Caneral in Abyssinia* 'k The Honorable The Secretary of State. Washington. A !. _ V SiR: ^ » >^3 '>i I have the honor to acknowledfe the receipt of the Dapartm*Kt'a Io.4 of January 9,1914 in regard to tha Order la Council of His Vajeety the Klag of Great Britain •atabliBklHg a systeoi of Coaeular Courts in Abyaaimia. ^-^^ — In the sevemtk saotlon of the Frenoh treaty with the Bthippiaa ^pire. signed the lOth of January ,1908, ^^ oonsular Jurisdletion was granted to the ^Vench Sorern-- i&ent and under the Bost favored nation clause has been extended to all the other foreign powers represented here. The British Consuls in Abyssinia and the Consul-General in Adia Ababa hare exereised this right froM the very date of aaid treaty^ There was no system in the procedure o > . and aritieiSB in the Manner In which oases were condutted resulted in a study of tha best sydten for this country ^ oulminatlnf % I T. .. ..^^ -.«— - ai it > «■ «i»i I 1 ' III" ^- - ' * T ■ - - ■ ^ -■ ^^ -. i 1 No. 14. - 2 - Adla Ababa. 6-9-14- •ul*ifi*ti]if iB the aforaaald Order 1r GouBcll.a oopy of which la belBg mailed the Departmeat uader separate cover. The French GoyemnieBt passed a special law the 16th of KoTennber ,1909 rag:ardixif the applioation of the law in civ- 11 aad orlDGinal eases before the Freaoh consuls in Abyssiala* There was a Hoyal Decree of the Itallaa Govenuaeat dealiag wltk the exteaaloa of eomsular juriadietiea in this country, proelained about the same tive;and I an informed by the Italia Miaister here that his Grtysrameat iateada to issue a special order covering all q^uestieas affeetiag eonsular rights ia Abyssiaia. All of the other Powers here hold tkeir consular courts aad we have claimed aad exereiaed the same coaaular rifhta« Although act speoifieally granted in said Frenoh treaty all queations between foreigners are adjudieated in the consular eourt of the defendant* This applies to crim- inal as well as civil cases. Cases between foreigners and A'bystlAlaMB theoretically follow the teras of the said treaty. The Itallams hare nanaged to preyeat their subjeeta frea belmt tried 1b Abysaialaa eeurta far erliilmal offeaees. It will be Eoted in the last part of Sectloa 7 of said French treaty that the Abyaalnlan GoyeraBieat binda itself to deliver te the Con- sul! all forelgTiera arrested. The toreipi powers have clalaed that their eitizens who have eoBMltted am^ offeaees agalast ether forelg>evs should be tried by their own consular of- fiaials and although the Abyaslnian ^OYernaent has contended to the eontrary. still it has allowed this procedure to be es- tablished without protest. The Abyssinian oourts hare thus bean shorn of a large part of their aoTereign rijhta and all to the advantafe of Justiee in this country as it is quite i«- possible for foreigners to seeure fair treatuent in the Abya- ^byssinian yv ^ mm \ IliMIMMlHlllMIIMMrilii 111 I il liilMf • 111 JLAmamjikJlLA^M. -. ^.A . iikk.. f K S«.14 - 3 - Adia Ababa, 6-9-14. Abysalmlas trlbuaala as mow eometltutad. The dalaya are in- nuserable aad fer alaost amy trlTlal cause ;tke eerruptlaa of tke officials la reaogptlzed by ererybedy. SoMe of the leadlaf Abyasimlaa offioiala date all of their troubles with the forelfrners to the algalag of the Fremoh treaty aad they are doteralaed to refuse to resew the part graatlmg extraterritorial Jurisdiotios. This strugifle will Bot take plaee for four years but It eas be easily foreseom tliat th« 6ritl8)i,Fr«M«k amd Itallam Gr«TttrmB)€Mt8 will M#t r«- llMquiak what X\%j mow kAT# ,9btaiBed partly ly the FrtBC^ Tre^Tj amd partly froa establlaked uaafa • It has been for this reaaom aost dlfflault to oomTlmae the Abyeslmlam Mlmlstry that our prepoaed treaty does mot oomtaim amy absolute extraterritorial rifhta but omly eomditiomal. I am quite oomTlmeed^howeTer.that the majority appretiate the diatimetlovi but for •artliim politieal reaaoma The Mlmister of roreism Affairs desires that we mot Insist em a ten -year treaty but only a four, so as to end with or about the tlae of the ex- piration of the 'renoh treaty. In ay opinion we will lose Qothlnf by aueh a eoxeesslon and the Abyssinian GoTemaent — ^ will be under moral obligation to assist us in ir.any ways. \ l^fl I have 'th» h©Bor to Tse.ITIr.') ^our ^b«€leBt ^e rr an t JoK-n Q. I^cccf /]^,. -I AirvV? it ■i' ^ ^' • ^% ^ B ns l e sure as stoTe by separte par««l 805. > I i .A^^. frt ^mm I ■ ■ I IP f • • I G / V • .) i • ,r* i .' AT THE COURT AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE. • . ♦ # V f ■ » The 19th day of December, 1913. PRESENT, '/■ ■ .' \ .1 i . < t* : 1 A .i \ t • ! I i I TH£ EINQ'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY k. \:.\ -^ \ •\ lord trksident earl beauchamp Discount knollys LORD WELBV LOUD JUSTICE PHILLIMORE MH. ROBERT MUNRO. ♦ 8()-l()|. 105-1-22 123 12 t 130 131 150 151 1()7 .. o. 1 . r.H7. : I .-V ■■'^ i \ w ittttrnfa^mmt mmmttmmmifm III II ■*■! >,^, • -■ ■- . JOB-., ■•■^ 1 <> t I k \ J 2, The limitR of this Order are the dominions of the Emperor of Abyssinia. 3. In the construction of this Order, the following words and expressions have the meanin}j:s hereby assigned to thera, unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant thereto, that is to say ; — ** Administratioii " niean^ letters of administration, including the same with will annexed or granted for special or limited piitpose or limited in duration. " British subject " includes a British protected person. '' Consul-General " means His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and Consul-General in Abyssinia, or the person for the time being acting as such with the authority or approval of the Secretary of State. .-# '' Consular oflScer " means a Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, Consular Agent, or pro- Consul of His Majesty resident in Abyssinia, including a person acting temporarily, with the approval of the Secretary of State, as or for a Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent of His Majesty so resident. . ? ^ '' Consulate " and *' Consular office '' refer to the Consulate and office of a Consular officer. ''The Court," except when the reference is to a particular Court, means any Court established under this Order, subject, however, to the provision.^ of this Order with respect to powers and local jurisdictions". ''Foreigner" means a subject or citizen of a State in amity with His Majesty, other than Abyssinia. __•• Legal practitioner" includes barrister- at-law, advocate, solicitor, writer to the Signet, and any person possessing similar qualifications. "Month" means calendar month. "Native" means a subject of the Emperor of Abyssinia. " Oath " and " affidavit," in the case of persons for the time being allowed by law to affirm or declare, instead of swearing, include affirmation and declaration, and the expression "swear," in 'the like case, includes affirm and declare. "Offence" includes crime, and any act or omission punishable criminally in a summary way or other wise. "Office copy" means a copy made under the direction of the Court, or produced to the proper officer of the" Court for examination with the original, and examined by him and sealed with the seal of the Court. "Person" includes Corporation. *' ' , " Pounds " means pounds sterling. ' "Prescribed" means prescribed by Kules of Court. (( () ( r.ii;, I l«*fcl ■!<& IJ s t- I 9 1 s W'i »-';^ r. ' Proseciitior "' means complaiaant or any person appointed or allowe^l hy the Court to prosecute. . - » - * < '' Proved " means shown by ovuloiice on oath. In the form of affidavit, or other for n3, to the satisfaction of the Court or Consular officer actlnij or havmg jurisdiction in the matter, and •* prool " means the evidence adduced in that behalf. *' Rules of Court" means rules of Court made under the provisions of this Order. " Secretary of State " means one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State. , '> * ''The Treasury" means the Commissionors of His Majesty's Treasury. '* Treaty *' includes any Capitulations, Convention, Agreement, or Arrange- ment, made by or on behalf of His Maj(^sty with any State or Government, King, Chief, people, or tribe, whother His Majesty the Emperor of Abyssinia is or is not a party thereto. . , '' Will " means will, codicil, or other testamentary instrument. Expressions used in any rules, regulations, or orders made under this Order shall, unless a contrary intention appears, have the same respective meanings as in this Order. 4. — (I) Words importing the plural or the singular may be construed as referring to one person or thing or to more than one person or tiling, and words importing the masculine an referring to the feminine (as the case may require), (2) Where this Order confers any power or imposes any duty, then, unhvss a contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed from time to time as occasion requires. (3) Where this Order confers a power or imposes a duty on, or \vith respect to, a holder of an office as such, then, unless a ccmtrary intention app(»ars, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed by, or with respect to, the holder for the time being of the office or the person temporarily acting for the holder. (4) Where this Order confers a power to make any rules, regulaticms, or orders, the power shall, unless a contrary intention appears, be construed as including a power exercisable in the like manner and subject to the like consent and conditions, if any, to resciiid rt^voke, vary, or amend the rules, regulations, or orders. (5) This Article shall appl\ to the construction of any rules, regulations,- or orders made under this Order, unless a contrary intention appears. : I (tt) Where this Older refers to any specified Act or Acts of Parliament, such reference shall, unless a contrary intention appears, he deemed to include anv Act or Acts amending or substituted for the same. m ilP' '*' jnf^ V 1 • ''^ ^ • t. 5. The jurisdiction conferred by this Order extends to the persons and matters following, in so far as bv Treaty, grant, usage, sufferance, or oth<;r lawful means, His Majesty has jurisdiction in relation to such matters and things, that is to say: — (i) British subjects, as herein defined, within the limits of this Order, (iij The property and all personal or proprietary rights and liabilities within the said limits of British subjects, whether such subjects are within the said limits or not. (iii) Natives and foreigners in the cases and according to the conditions specified in this Order, and not otherwise. (iv) Foreigners with respect to whom any State, King, Chief, or Government, whose subjects, or under whose protection they are, has by any Treaty as herein defined or otherwise agreed with His Majesty for, or consents to, the exercise of power or authority bv His Majesty. 6. All His Majesty's jurisdiction exercisable in Abyssinia for the hearing and determination of criminal or civil matters, or for the maintenance of order, or for the adniini^tration or control of property or persons, or in relation thereto, shall be exercised under and according to the provisions of this Order, and not otherwise. 7. Crimes, offences, wrongs, breaches of contract against or affecting the person, property, or riglits of natives or foreigners as herein defined, committed by persons subject to this Order, are punishable or otherwise cognisable under the provisions of this Order, with tiie consent of such natives or foreigners, in the same manner as if the same were committed against or affected the person, property, or rights of British subjects. 8. Tf a question arises whether any place is or is not within the limits of this Or(I(^r, such question shall be referred to the Consul-General, and a certificate under his hand and seal shall be conclusive on the question, and judicial notice shall be taken thereof. Fakt IL— Constitution and Powers of Courts. 9. The Consul-General shall at such place or places as the Secretary of IState directs hold a Court, in this Order called the Court of the Consul- General, for the purpo.'^es of his appellate and other jurisdiction under this Order. 10.— (1) Provincial Courts sliall be held by Consular officers at such places in Abyssinia as may from time to time be appointed under this Order. (2) The Consul-General may, by order in writing, with the previous or subsequent approval of the Secretary of State, appoint places at which Provincial Courts shall be held, and may assign the district in and for which each such V \ > 6 'I V 4. I *^ 5 ^ 5 Court shall act, and may designate the Coofiular oncers who shall hold such Court. (3) All Orders made by the Consul- General under this Article shall be published as he may direct, and copies thereof shall be kept exhibited in a conspicuous place in each Consular office, and in each Court- House, and printed copies shall be sold at such reasonable price as the Consul- General directs- 11. The Court of the Consul- General shall have a seal, bearing the style of the Court and such device as the Secretary of State approves. 12. In a Provincial Court the official seal of the Consular Officer holding the Court shall be used as the seal of the Court. 13. In any matter, civil or criminal, a Court v^ithin whose district (in civil matters) the matter of complaint wholly or in part arose or happened, or the subject in dispute is wholly or partly situate, or the contract in question was wholly or partly made, or the breach thereof wholly or partly occurred, or the defendant resides or carries on business, or (in criminal matters) the crime was wholly or partly committed, or the accused person happens to be, shall have jurisdiction, and may deal with the case, as if every material fact or thing had liappened, or was situate, within its district ; but any such Court, if, in its opinion, justice or convenience so requires, may decline or suspend the exercise of jurisdiction, and may, if it thinks necessary or just, require security from the defendant or accused person for hia appearance before some other Court liavintr jurisdiction in the matter, and for obedience to any judgment or order of such other Court, and further, in a criminal case, if necessary, may arrest and commit the accused person, and cause him to be removed under warrant and in custody, to be dealt with by such other Court. 4 ^ _ .... - 14. The CouHul- General shall have in all matters, civil and criminal, an original jurisdiction concurrent with the jurisdiction of the several Pro- vincial Courts, to be exercised subject and according to the provisions of this Order. 15. The Consul -General may, if and when he thinks fit, visit, in a magis- terial or judicial capacity, any place in Abyssinia, and there enquire of, or hear and determine, any case, civil or criminal. 10.— (1) A Provincial Court may, of its own motion, or on. the application of any per&on concerned, report to the Conaul-General the pendency of any case, civil or criminal, wliich appears to the Provincial Court fit to be heard and determined by the Consul-General. (2j The Consul-General the case shall be heard and determined accordingly. shall thereupon direct in what mode £ind where determined, and the same shall be so heard and X: I II O, C. l'.M7. B Rn # t ^ ^ 17. In any case peucling, the (Joiisul-Generat may, on tlio application of either party, order that the case be sent up to him, to be heard and determined by him, and the case shall be so heard and determined accordingly. t ^ • i..- ; 18. Every Court held under this Order sliall, in the exercise of every part of its jurisdiction, be a Court of Record. 19, Each Court shall be auxiliary to every other Court in all particulars relative to the administration of justice, civil or criminal. 20. — (1) The provisions of the Evidence Act, 1851, 14 i& 15 Vict., cap. 99, 'Sees. 7 and II, relating to the proof of judicial and other documents, shall extend and be applied for all purposes as if the Courts, districts, and places to which this Order applies were in a British Colony. '• - * • . ' (2) The following Acts, namely : — the Foreign Tribunals Evidence Act, 1856, the Evidence by Commission Act, 1859, the Evidence by Commission Act, 1885, or so much thereof as is for the time being in force, are hereby extended to all places and Courts to which this Order applies, with the adaptations following, namely: — , ^ . . ; ^ v . In the said Acts the Court of the Consul-General is hereby substituted for a Supreme Court in a Colony. (3) The following Acts, namely : — « the British I^aw Ascertainment Act, 1859,* tlie Foreign Law Ascertainment Act, 1861, or so niueh thf^reof as is for the time being in force, arf^ hereby extended to all places and Courts to which this Order applies, with the adaptation following, namely : — In .the said Acts the Court of the Consul-General is hereby substituted for a Superior Court in a Colony. 21. No proceeding under this Order shall be invalidated by any informality, ^mistake, or omission, so long as, in tlie opinion of any Court before which Any question arises, the essential requisites of law and justice have been complied with. .... ,, .- ,,., • 22. — (1) Where, by virtue .ot\thi.s Order or otherwise, any Imperial Act, or any Tiaw in" force in India, or any Order in Council other than this Order or any liuh;s or Kegulations thereunder is or are applicable in any place within the limits of this Order, such Act, Law, Order in Council, Rules, or Kegulation", shall be deemed a})plicable so far only as the constitution and jurisdiction of tho Courts acting under this Order and the local circumstances •permit, and, for the purpose of facilitating the application of any such Act, I^w, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations, it or they may be coustrued » O C. 1917. I V ^M^MMiiii ^ii % 5j 7 With such alteratioiiH and adaptationg not aflfecting the substance as may be necessary, and anything by such Act, Law, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations required to be doue by or to any Court, Judge, ofHcer, or authority nciay be done by or to a Court, Judge, oflficer, or authority having the like or analogous functions, or by or to any oflScer designated by the Court for that purpose, and the seal of the Court may be substituted for any seal required by any such Act, Law, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations ; and in case any difficulty occurs in the ajiplication of any such Act, Lkw, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations, it shall be lawful for the Secretary of State to direct by and to whom, and in what manner, anything to be done thereunder is to be done, and such Act, Law, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations shall, in its or their application to matters arising within the limits of this Order, be construed accordingly. (2) Where under any such Imperial Act, Law, Order in Council, Rules, or Regulations any publication is required to be made as respects any judicial proceeding in any ''Gazette*' or otherwise, such publication shall in Abyssinia be made in such newspaper or by such other mode as the Court shall think fit to direct Assessors. 23. An Assessor shall be a competent and impartial British subject or foreigner of good repute, resident in tlie district of the particular Court, and nominated and summoned by the Court for the purpose of acting as Assessor, provided that no foreigner sliall be nominated or summoned to act as Assessor if a suitable British subject is available, and y)rovided also that the validity of any proceedings in which a foreigner has acted as Assessor shall not be questioned on the ground that there -was a suitable British subject available to act as Assessor. 24. There shall ordinarily be not fewer than two, and not more than four Assessors. .Where, however, by reason of local circumstances, the Court is able to obtain the presence of one Assessor only, the Court may, if it thinks fit, sit with one Assessor only ; and where, for like reasons, the Court is not able to obtain tlu' presence of any Assessor, the Court may, if it thinks fit, sit without an Assessor— the Court, in every case, recording in the Minutes its reasons for sitting with one Assessor only or without an Assessor. 25. An Assessor shall not have any voice in the decision of the Court in any case, civil or criminal ; but an Assessor dissenting, in a civil case, from any decision of the Court, or, in a criminal case, from any decision of the Court or the conviction or the amount of punishment awarded, may record in the Minutes his dissent, and the grounds thereof, and shall be entitled to receive, without payment, a certified cepy of the Minutes. 26. Any British subject failing to attend as Assessor, on being summoned, shall be deemed guilty of a contempt of Court, and shall be Hable to a fine not exceeding £»10. # t ] i 8 I m ♦ I Pakt IIL~ Criminal Matters. 27. Except as regards ofFeaces against any Treaties between His Majesty the King and Abyssinia, or against any Rules and Regulations for the observance thereof, or for the maintenance of order among British subjects in Abyssinia, made by or under the authority of His Majesty, or against any of the provisions of this Order — Any act done by a British subject in Abyssinia that would not by a Court of Justice having criminal jurisdiction in British India be deemed a crime or oflfence making the person doing the act amenable to punishment in British India, shall not, in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction under this Order, be deemed a crime or offence making the person doing the act amenable to punishment. 28. Subject to the provisions of this Order, criminal jurisdiction under this Order shall, so far as circumstances admit, be exercised on the principles of, and in conformity with, the law in force in British India for the time being, and with the powers vested in the Courts of Justice and the Magistrates therein, according to their respective jurisdiction and authority. 29. In cases of murder or manslaughter, if either the death, or the criminal act which wholly or partly caused the death, happened within the jurisdiction of a Court acting under this Order, such Court shall have the like jurisdiction over any person to whom this Order applies who is charged either as the principal offender, or as accessory before the fact to murder, or as accessory after the fact to murder or manslaughter, as if both such criminal act and the death had happened within such jurisdiction. 30. Every Court may cause to be apprehended and brought before it any British subject being within the district of the Court and charged with having committed a crime or offence within Abyssinia, and deal with the accused according to the jurisdiction of the Court and in conformity with the provisions of this Order. 31. For the purposes of criminal jurisdiction, every offence and cause of complaint committed or arising in Abyssinia shall be deemed to have been committed or to have arisen, either in the place where the same actually was committed or arose, or in any place in Abyssinia where the person charged or complained of happens to be at the time of the institution or commencement of the charge or complaint. •^2. — (1) Where a British subject charged with a crime or offence escapes or removes from the Consular district within which the crime or offence was committed, and is found within another Consular district, the Court within whose district he is found may proceed in the case to preliminary examination or to trial and punishment (as the case may require), in like manner as if the i ¥ - .-^•- f o D crime or oflfeiico had boon cominittod in its own district ; or may, on the requisition or with the consent of the Court within whose district the crime or off(*nco was committed, send him in custody to tiiat Court, or require him to give security for his surrender to that Court, there to answer the charge and to be dealt with according to law- (2) Where any person Is to be so sent in custody, a warrant shall be issued by the Court within whose district he is found, and that warrant shall be sufficient authority to j^ny person to whom it is directed to receive and detain the person therein named, and to carry him to and deliver him up to the Court within whose district the crime or offence was committed, according to the warrant. Apprehension and Custody of Accused Persons. 33. — (1) Where a person accused of an offence is arrested on a warrant issuing out of any Court, he shall be brought before tlie Court within forty- eight hours after the execution of the warrant, unless in any case circumstances unavoidably prevent liis being brought before the Court within that time, whicli circumstances shall be recorded in the Minutes. (2) In every case he shall be brought before the Court as soon as circumstances reasonably admit, and the time and circumstances shall be recorded in the Minutes. 31. — (1) Where an accused person is In custody, he shall not be remanded at any time for more than seven days, unless circumstances appear to tlie Court to make it necessary or proper that lie should be remanded for a longer time, which circumstances, and the time of remand^ shall be recorded in the Minutes. (2) In no case shall a remand be for more than fourteenjiajs at one time, unless in case of illness of the accused^ or other case of necessity. M^ 35. Where any person is charged with any oflfence, and the trial thereof will take place before any Abyssinian Tribunal, or where any person has been sentenced to imprisonment by any Abyssinian Tribunal, the Court may, either by separate warrant or by endorsement on the warrant of the Abyssinian Tribunal, cause such person to be detained in custody either pending his trial or while he is serving his sentence, as the case may be. 3<1, — (1) The Court may, in its discretion, admit to bail a person accused of any of the following offences, namely :— Any felony. Jiiot, Assault on any officer in the execution of his duty, or on any person acting in his aid. Neglect or breacli of duty by an officer. O C I.'IT. Q •* ■^^ -«»*-"''*'«BBi5" ■^--^- MMMMi ■M # 10 But a porrioii accused of treason or iimr(l«.*r shall not be admitted to ball except by, or under the direction of, tiie Court of the Cousul-General. (2) In all other cases the Court sliall aaraiit the accused * to bail unless the Court, liaving regard to tBe circumstances, sees good reason to the contrary, which reason shall he recorded in the Minutes. (3) The Court of the Consul-General may admit a person to bail, although a Provincial Court has not thought lit to do so. . . . , •.,■■.. , , ^ . ", (4) The accused who is to be admitted to bail either on remand or on or after trial ordered, shall produce such surety or sureties a,% in the opinion of the Court, will be sufficient to iusun^ his appearance as and when required, and shall with him or thorn enter into a reco;^nizance accordingly. 37, — (1) Where a person is charged with the commission of a crime or offence the cognizance whereof appertains to the Court, and it is expedient that the crime or offence be inquired of, tried, determined, and punished within His Majesty's dominions elsewhere than in England, the accused may (under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, section 4) be sent for trial to Aden or Bombay. (2) The Consul-(jeneral may, where it appears so expedient, by warrant under his liand ' and seal, cause the accused to be sent for trial to Aden or Bombay (as the case may require) accordingly. (3) The warrant shall be sufficient autliority to any person to wliom it is directed to receive and detain the person therein named, and to carry him to and deliver him up to Aden or Bombay (as the case may be), accordinf>: to tlie warrant. (4) Where any person is to be so aent to Aden or Bombay, the Court before which he is charged shall tak(» th(^ prtdiminary examination, and shall bind over such of th(i pn)per witnesses as are British subjects in their own recognizances to appear and give evidence on the trial. * •- " : II ;iS.— (Ij All crimes which in British India are capital shall, subject to the provisions of this Order, be tried by the Consul-General, with an Assessor or Assessors. . (2) The Consul-General shall have an original jurisdiction to try all other crimes and offences. Where imprisonment for more than one year can be inflicted, ihe Consul-General shall, it' practicable, try the case witli an Assessor or Assessors. ' ' ■ 39.— (1) When the crime or offence with whicii a person is charged before a rroviucial Court is any crime or offence other than assault endangerinn; life, cutting, mainiiiirr. ar.son, or li'uiscbreaking, and appears to the Court to be such that, if proved, it would be adequately punished by imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for not more than three months, or by a fine of not more than £20, the Court shall hear and determine the caae by summary trial and without Assessors. , . y o. c. n^i7. % 11 (2) In other caseH tbe Court shall, subject to the proviHions of tbiB Order*, hear and determine the case on a charge and with Ansessors. ,. 40. — (1) Wliere the crime or ofi'ence with which an accused [)erson is cluirged before a Provincial Court appears to the Court to be sucli tluit, UV proved, it would not be adequatel^^ punished by such punishment as the Court has power to impose, and the accused is not to be sent for trial to a British possession, the Court shall reserve the case to be heard apd determim^d by or under the direction of the Consul-General. (2) The Court shall take the depositions, and forthwith send them, with a minute of other evidence, if any, and a report on the case, to the Consul- General. (3) The Consul-General shall direct in what mode and where, consistently with the provisions of this Order, the case shall be heard and determined, and the same shall be so heard and determined accordingly. I ' Summary Procedure. 41. Where the complaint discloses an offence which is not required to be hi^ard on a charge, and the Court does not think fit to direct it to be heard on a charge, the accused may be tried summarily on the complaint : provided that no greater punishment shall b(^ imposed than imprisonment with or without hard labour for three months, or a fine of £20, or both. Preliviinary Examindtion. 42.— (1) Whore the accused is before the Court, and it appears to the Court that the complaint discloses an oflfence — (a) Which ought to be tried in or reported to another Court ; or ib) Which ought to be tried before the same Court with Assessors ; the Court shall forthwith so inform the accused, and proceed to make a prcliininary examination in the prescribed manner. •■ ' (2) If after such preliminary exammafion' the accused is ordered to he tried, the Court shall bind by recognizance the "prosecutor and every witness to appear at the trial to prosecute, or to prosecute and give evidence, or to give evidence (as the case may be). .... . . ■ , ^ 4;i. (1) If a British subject, having appeared as prosecutor or witness at a i)roliminary examination, refuses to enter into a recognizance to appear at the trial to ]»rosecute or give evidence, the Court may send him to prison, there to remain until alter the trinl. unless in the meantime he enters into a recognizance. > ■ . . (- ■ : (2; But if afterwards, from want of sufficient evidence or other cause, the accused' is discharged, the Court shall order that the person imprisoned for so refusing be also discharged. • tJT ' ■ rt jfiiJMMMMBMMMMMMMB^^^^ ~ ^^^^^ -^^,^,g,il^Uj|j mm ( # # 12 (3) Where tlie prosecutor or witness in not a British subject, the Court may require him either to enter into a recognizance or to give other security for his attendance at the trial, and, if he fails to do so, may in its discretion dismiss the charge. 44. — (1) The charge upon which an accused person is tried shall state tlie ofience charged, witli such particulars as to the time and place of the alleged offence, and the i)erRon (if any) against whom or the thing (if any) in respect of whicti it was committed, aa are reasonably sufficient to give the accused notice of the matter with which he is charged. (2) The fact that a charge is made is equivalent to a statement that every condition required by law to constitute the offence charged was fulfilled in the particular case. (3) Where the nature of the case is such that the particulars above mentioned do not give .sucli sufficient notice as aforesaid, the charge shall also contain such particulars of the manner in which the alleged offence was committed as will give such sufficient notice. (4) For tlie purposes of the application of any Statute law, a charge framed under the provisions of this Order shall be deemed to be an indictment. 45. For every distinct offence of which any person is accused tliere shall be a separate charge, and every such charge shall bo tried separately, exce[)t in the cases following, that is to say : — (a) Where a person is accused of more offences than one of the same kind committed within the space of twelve months from the first to tht> last of such offences, he may be charged with, and tried at one trial for, any number of them not exceeding three. (6) If in one series of acts so connected together as to form the same transaction more offences than one are committed by the same person, he may be charged with, and tried at one trial for, every such offence. (c) If the acts alleged constitute an offence falling within two or more definitions or descriptions of offences in any law or laws, the accused may be charged with, and tried at one trial for, each of such offences. (d) If several acts constitute several offences, and also when combined a different offence, the accused may be charged with, and tried at one trial for, the offence constituted by such acts when combined, or one or more of the several offences, but in the latter case shall not be punished with more severe punishment than the Court which tries him could award for any one of those offences. (e) If a single act or series of acts is of such a nature that it is doubtful which of several offences the facts which can be proved will constitute, the accused may be charged with having committed all 1 I .ifc.-....^....,- _.^.^>.^,.t^u,^^^^mM.jii^.MJkMS£^ .jOlamki <^w.i(pvi|i.i^iiw5i C u • \ t 13 or any of such offences, and any number of such charges may be tried at once ; or he may be charged in the alcematiYe with having committed some one of the offences; and if it appears in evidence that he has committed a different offence^ for which he might have been charged, he may be convicted of that offence, although not charged with it, - « 46. When more persons than one are accused of tKe same offence or of different offences committed in the same transaction, or when one is accused of committing an offence and another of abetting or attempting to commit that offence, they may be charged and tried together or separately, as the Court thinks fit. 47. — (1) Any Court, if sitting with Assessors, may alter any charge at any time before the opinions of the Assessors are expressed ; if sitting without Assessors, at any time before judgment is pronounced. (2) Every such alteration shall bo read and explained to the accused. (3) If the altered charge is such that proceeding with the trial immediately is likely, in the opinion of the Court, to prejudice the accased or the prosecutor, the Court may adjourn the trial for such period a^ may be necessary. 48. — (1) No error or omission in stating either the oflfence or the pnrticulars shall be regarded at any stage of the case as material, unless the accused was misled by such error or omission. (2) When the facts alleged in certain particulars are proved and constitute an offence, and the remaining particulars are not proved, the accused may be convicted of the offence constituted by the facts proved, although not charged with it. (3) When a person is charged with an offence and the evidence proves either the commission of a minor offence or an attempt to commit the offence charged, he may be convicted of the minor offence or of the attempt. * 49.— (1) If the accused has been previously convicted of any oflfence, and it is intended to prove such conviction for the purpose of aflfecting the punish- ment which the Court is competent to award, the fact, date, and place of the previous conviction shall be stated in the charge. (2) If such statement is omitted, the Court may add it at any tinio before sentence is passed. ('i) The part of the charge stating the previous conviction shall not be rea/l out in Court, nor shall the accused be asked whether he has been previously convicted, as alleged in the charge, unless and until he has either pleaded guilty to, or been convicted of the subsequent oflfence. (4) If he pleads guilty to, or is convicted of, the subsequent oflfence, he shall then be asked whether he has been previously convicted, as alleged iu the charge. -1 f. o. c. iyi7. 1> i- I # 14 ^ (5) If he answers that he has been so previously convicted, the Court may proceed to pa^s sentence on hiui accordingly, but, if he denies that he has been so previously convicted, or refuses to, or does not, answer such question, the Court shall then enquire concerning such previous conviction. f Punishments. 50. The powers of the Courts with respect to punishments are limited as follows : — % • (1) The Court of the Consul-General may award in respect of an oflfence any punishment which may in respect of a similar offence be awarded in British India : provided that (a) imprisonment shall be substituted for penal servitude ; and (6) the Court of the Consul -General shall not award a fine exceeding X500 ; or, in case of a continuing offence, in addition to imprison- ment* or fine, or both, a fine exceeding £1 for each day during which tlu^ offence continues after conviction. (2) A Provincial Court may award imprisonment, not exceeding twelve months, and with or without a fine not exceeding £100 ; or a fine not exceedint^ £100, without imprisonment ; or in case of a continuing offence, in addition to imprisonment or fine or both, a fine not exceeding lO^. for each day durin^; which the offence continues after conviction. Provided that where a case has been reported to the Court of the Consul-General for directions, and the Court of the Consul-General has directed that the case shall be tried in the Provincinl Court, the Provincial Court may award imprisonment not exceeding five years, or a fine not exceeding £200, but if the punishment awarded is imprisonment for mon^ than twelve months, or a fine exceeding £100, the sentence shall b(^ subject to confirmation by the Court of the Consul-General. (3) But nothing in this Articles shall be deemed to empower any Court to award for any offence any punishment not authorized by law in relation to that offence. • ■ •• •• . f. ' • > , ' 51. Where any act or omission is, by virtue of this Order, or of anv regulation made under tliis Order, au oifeace against this Order, and no penalty or punishment is specified in respect thereof, such otfence shall be punishahh' with imprisonment for not exceeding three months, or fine not exceeding ^100. or both. ■ I 9 52. (1) WhcTO any person is sentenced to sufifer the punishment of deatli, the Consul-General shall forthwith send a report of the' sentence,' with a copy of the Minutes of proceedings and notes of evidence in the case, and with any observations he thinks fit, to the Secretary of State. ' '' - ' (2) The sentence shall not be carried into execution without tlbe direction of the Secretary of State in writing under his hand. 4 . If , - ... J ^' . (3) The Secretary of State, if he does not direct th^t .the sentence of death br carried into execution, shall direct what punishment in lieu of the w^^mmmmmmm'>^f''^'i''^ % e ^ 15 punishment of death is to be inflicted on the person convicted, and the person convicted slxall be punished accordingjly. "53. — (1) The Court may order a person convicted before it, by summary trial or on a charge, to pay all or any specified part of the expenses of his prosecution, or of his imprisonment or other punishment, or of both. (2) Where it appears to the Court that a charge is malicious, or friyolous and vexatious, the Court may order the prosecutor to pay all or any specified part of the expenses of the prosecution. (3) In these respective cases the Court may order that the vi;r]iole, or such portion as the Court thinks fit, of the expenses so paid be paid over to tlie prosecutor or to the accused (as the case may be). (4) In all cases the reascnn of the Court for making or refusing any such order shall be recorded in the Minutes. ( t 54. — (1) The Court may, if it thinks fit, order a person convicted before •it, by summary trial or on a charge, of an assault, to pay to the person assaulted, by way of damages, a sum not exceed ini^: £10. (2) Damages so ordered to be paid mny be either in addition to or in lieu of a penalty, and sliall be recoverable in like manner as a penalty. 55. — (1) Tlio Consul-General niay, it he chinks fit, by warrant under his liand and seal, cause an oflfender convicted before any Court, and sentenced to iniprisonment, to be sent to and imprisoned at any place in Abyssinia, approved for that purpose by the Secretary of State. (2) The warrant shall be satficient authority to any person to whom it is directed to receive and detain the person therein named, and to carry him to and deliver him up at the place named, according to the warrant. 5(j. — H) Where an offender convicted b**fore any Court is sentenced to imprisonment, and it appears to the Consul-General expedient that the sentoiice be carried into effect within His Majesty's dominions, the offender may (unrier the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, section 7) be sent for imprisonment to Aden, Bombay, or Malta. . , •, (2) The Consul-General may, by warrant under his hand and seal, cause the oflfender to be sent to Aden, Bombay or Malta (jw the case may require), in order that the sentence may be there carried into eflfect accordingly. {:]) The warrant shall be sufficient authority to any person to whom it is directed to receive 'and detain the person therein named, and to carry him to and deliver him up at the place named, according to the warrant. 57. The Secretary of State may, either with or without a recommendation from the Court, mitigate or remit any punishment awarded by any Court. r. * %■ t < •58. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to affect His Majesty's prero- gative of pardon. -. ( f 16 Inquests. 59.- (1) The Court shall have and discharge in relation to the deaths of British subjects within the district of the Court all the powers and duties vested in Magistrates authorized to hold inquests in British India. (2) The jurisdiction of the Court under this Article shall be exercised subject to the following provisions : — (a) Where a British subject is charged with causing the death, the Court may, without holding an inquest, proceed forthwith with the preliminary examination. (6) Where a British subject is not charged with causing the death, the Court shall hold an inquest, taking the depositions of those who know the facts. (c) If, during or after the inquest, a British subject is so charged, tlio depositions shall be read over in the presence of the witnesses and 1 of the accused, who shall be entitled to cross examine each witness, and the procedure shall be as in other cases of preliminary examination. { 17 whether such act is done in relation to any property or right of a British subject, or of a foreigner or native, or otherwise howsoever. Provided — 1. That no person shall be punished under this Order for an act which would be an offence against any Act, Statute, or Order in Council the exhibition of which is required by paragraph (e) above, unless [ such exhibition has commenced not less than one month before the \ ' act took place, or unless the person oflfending is proved to have \ had express notice of such Act, Statute, or Order in Council. ! i 2. That a prosecution by or on behalf of a prosecutor who is not a British [ subject shall not be entertained unless either (a) an arrangement I ! is in force between His Majesty's Government and the Government 'i of the State or Power to which the prosecutor belongs, or (6) the Court is satisfied that eflfectual provision exists for the punishment ^ in Consular or other Courts in Abyssinia of similar acts committed by the subjects of such State or Power in relation to or aflfecting the interests of British subjects. Where such an arrangement is in force the Consul- General may issue a notification to that effect, ;; and the Court shall take judicial notice thereof. 61. The Foreign Jurisdiction Neutrality Order in Council, 1904, shall apply to all persons and to all property subject to this Order. ■ ' ^>2."(1) If a British subject- \, (a) Imports or exports, or attempts to import or export, into or out of [' Abyssinia any ^(kmIs, intending and attempting to evade payment } of duty payable thereon to the Abyssinian Government ; (b) Imports or exports, or attempts to import or export, into or out of Abyssinia any goods the importation or exportation whereof into or out of Abyssinia is prohibited by law ; (c) Without a proper licence, sells or attempts to sell, or offers for sale, in Abyssinia any goods whereof the Abyssinian Government has by law a monopoly ; he shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment, with or without hard labour^ for any term not exceeding six months, and with or without a fine not exceeding £100, or to a fine not exceeding £100 without imprisonment. I (2) Where a person is charged with such an offence as in this Article is mentioned, the Court may seize the goods in relation to which the alleged offence was committed, and may hold the same until after the hearing of the charge. '^ (3) If a person so charged is convicted, then those goods, whether they have been so seized or not, shall be forfeited to His Majesty the King; and the Court shall dispose of them, subject to any general or special directions .of the Secretary of State, as the Court thinks fit. n f' vj\7. ^ •r .'Iff \ ^X • ^^^^ ''!^'v'^-«r I # 18 63. If any British subject [>ermit8 any house or premises m Abyssinia in his occu[)ation or coDtrol to be used for the consumptiou or use of opium or hashish or any similar dru^, he shall be liable on conviction to iinprisonmimt with or without hard labour for any term not exceeding six months, and with or without a fine not exceeding £100. 64. Any British subject being in Abyssinia may be proceedeJ against, tried, and punished under this Order for piracy wherever cominittod. 60. If any Britiali subject in Abyssinia violates or fails to observe any stipulation of any Treaty for the time being in force, in respect of th(* violation whereof any penalty is stipulated for in the Treaty, he shall be deeinc^] guilty of an offence against the Treaty, and on conviction thereof under this Order shall be liable to a penalty in accordance with the stipulations of tlie Treaty. GC, — (1) Where by agreement among the Diplomatic or Consular Repre- sentatives in Abyssinia of foreign Stales, or some of them, in conjunction with the Abyssinian authorities, sanitary, or police, or port, or game, or other Regulations are established, and the same, as far as they affect British subjects, are approved by the Secretary of State, the Court may, subject and according; to the provisions of this Order, entertain any complaint made against a British subject for a breach of those Regulations. (2) Any person committing a breach of such Regulations shall, on conviction, be liable to thr^ punishment, torteiture, or fine therein prescribed, or, if n such punishment or fine is prescribed, he shall be liable, on conviction, to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a period not exceeding one month, or to a fine not exceeding ij2(). (3) In any such case the fine recovered shall, notwithstandin-^ anything- in this Order, be disposed of and appHed in manner provided by those Ke(rnlations. Where those Regulations contain no provisions as to the manner in wliich sucli fine shall be disposed of and applied, it shall be disposed of and applied in such manner as the Consul-General may direct. ()7.~(1) Every person subject to the criminal jurisdiction of the Court who prints, publishes, or offers for sale any i)rinted or written newspaper or other publication containing seditious matter, 'may, on convlccion'* thereof, in addition to, or in lieu of, any other punishment, be ordered to give' security for good beliaviour, or to be deported. * " '. (2) Where any printed or written newspaper or otlier publication containing, seditious matter is printed, published, or offered for sale within the limits of the Order by a Company registered in the United Kingdom or m a" British possession, the Court may, after notice to the Company, and on proof of tin; tacts, require the Company to give security to abstain from such printing, publishmg, or offering for sale in future. If the Company fail to give security, or if the Company is shown to have again printed, published, or oflfered for sale such newspaper or other publication containing seditious matter o (). ('. r.H7 ■■'■^ "^ r % 6^ 19 after giving siicli security, the Court niay make an order pnjlitbltin^ tlin OompJiny from carrying on huslnoss within the lunits of the Order, and may make sucli other orders as to the Court may seem just. The Court may also declare all the property of the Company within the limits of the Order to he forfeited to His Majesty the King, and shall dispose of it, subject to any general or special directions pf the Secretary of State, as it thinks lit. (3) Matter calculated to excite tumult or disorder, or to excite enmity between His Majesty s subjects and the Emperor of Abyssinia, or the authorities or subjects of any Powers in amity witli His Majesty, being within the limits of this Order, or between the P^myjeror of Abyssinia and his subjects, shall be deemed to be seditious matter within the meaninjx of this Article. (4) An offence against this Article shall not be tried except on a charge and by the Court of the Consul-General. (5) Notwithstanding anything in this Order, the charge may, for reasons to b(^ recorded on the Minutes, be heard and deteruiinei before the Consul- General sitting without Assessors. 08. — (1) If a British subject is guilty — (a) Of publicly deridini>:, mocking, or insulting any religion establish^ni or observed within Abyssinia; or ' (b) Of publicly offering insult to any religious service, feast, or ceremony established or kept in any part of Abyssinia, or to any place of worship, tomb, or sanctuary belonging to any religion establislu^d or observed there, or belonging to the Mmisters or professors thereof; or (c) Of publi(*>ly and wilfully committing any act tending to bring any religion established or observed within Abyssinia, or its ceronunies, mode of worship, or observances, into hatred, ridicule, or contempt, and thereby to provoke a breach of the public peace; he shall be deemed guilty of an offence against this Order, and shall for every such off(^nce be liable, in the discretion of the Court, to imprisonment for not more than two years, with or without hard labour, and with or without a fine of not moro than £>1(>0, or to a fiue of not moro than £100 alone. (2) Notwitii.standing unytliing in this Onlor, every charge against a British {»uf)iect of having connuitted an oflence under this provision shall be heard and detorniined by summary trial ; and any Provincial Court shall have power to impose the punishment aforesaid. (3) Consular" officers shall take sucli precautionary measures as seem to tliem proper and expedient for the prevention of such oflfences. (;()_(1) If any person subject to the criminal jurisdiction of a Court doe." any of the following tilings, namely— (a) Wilfully by act or threat obstructs any officer of, or person executing any process of the Courtin.tJ^e .performance of his duty , or_ ... - ■—■-"*■ -'Biiitiiiirr mi mmmmm mmi Hi «i*iv«>^MBW^nwwiaMMak« «-MHMi 5 « # 20 (5) Within or close to the room or place where the Court is sitting, wilfully • * ' misbehaves in a violent, threatening, or disrespectful manner to the disturbance of the Court, or to the intimidation of suitors or others resorting thereto ; or (c) Wilfully insults any member of the Court, or any Assessor, or any person acting as a clerk or officer of the Court during his sitting or attendance in Court, or in his going to or returning from Court ; or (d) Does any act in relation to the Court or any merabor thereof, or a matter pending therein, which, if done iu relation to a High Court in British India, would be punishable as a contempt of such Court, or as a libel on such Court, or the Judges thereof, or the administration of justice therein ; such person shall be liable to be apprehended by order of the Court, with or witliout warrant, and on enquiry and consideration, and after the hearing of any defence which such person may offer, without further process or trial, to be punished with a fine not exceeding £5, or with imprisonment not exceeding twenty -four hours. (2) A Minute shall be made and kept of every such case of punishment, recording the facts of the offence, and the extent of the punishment, and a copy of the Minute shall be forthwith sent to the Secretary of State. (3) Provided that, if the Court thinks tit, instead of proceeding under the preceding provisions, it may direct or cause the offender to be tried in a separate criminal prosecution or proceeding, in which the offender shall be liable to be tried and punished for his offence as an offence against this Order. (4) Nothing herein shall interfere with the power of the Court to remove or exchide a person who interrupts or obstructs the bualness of the Court. 70. If any person subject to the criminal Jurisdiction {>{ a Court does any act or makes any publication of such kind, and under such circumstances, that, in the opinion of the Court, great danger to public order is thereby occasioned, the Court shall have the same powers as it has in relation to apprehended breaches of the peace. 71. In the application by the Court in the exercise of its criminal jurisdiction of the provisions of the Penal Code relating to false evidence, the words "judicial proceeding " in the said Code shall be deemed to include a proceeding before an Abyssinian Court, or a Court in Abyssinia of any State in amity with His Majesty. 72. If any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Court does any %ct in relation to proceedings in an Abyssinian Court, or before an Abyssinian judicial officer, or in a Court or before a judicial officer in Abyssinia of any State in amity with His Majesty, which, if done in the course of, or in relation to, any proceedings in the Court, would have been punishable as an offence,' ft »^ w ft f 21 such person shall be guilty of an offence, and shall be lia])le, ou oa7 iction, to such puuishment as he wouM have been liable to if the offence had been committed in the course of, or in relation to, proceedings in the Court. Deportation of Offenders. 73. — (1) Where it is proved that there is reasonable ground to apprehend that a British subject is about to commit a breach of the public peace, or that the acts or conduct of a British subject are or is likely to produce or excite a breach of the public peace, the Court may, if it thinks fit (for reasons recorded in the Minutes), cause him to be broup^ht before it and require him to give security, to the satisfaction of the Court, to keep the peace, or for his future good behaviour, as the case may require. (2) Where a British subject is convicted of a crime or offence before the Court, or before a Court in the sentence of which one of Hi8 Majesty's Consular officers concurs, the Court for the district in which he is may, if it thinks fit, require him to give security to the satisfaction of the Court for his future good behaviour, and for that purpose may (if need be) cause him to he brought before the Court. (3) In either of these cases, if the person required to give security fails to do so, the Court may order that he be dep3rted from Abyssinia to such place as the Court directs. (4) The place shall be a place in some part (if any) of His Majesty's doiiilnions to which the person belongs, or the Government of which couscmUs to the reception of persons deported under this Order. (5) A Provincial Court shall report to the Consul- General any order of deportation made by it, and the grounds thereof, before the order is executed. Thc^ Consul-General may reverse the order, or may confirm it with or without variation, and in case of confirmation shall direct it to be carried into effect. (6) The person to be deported shall be detained in custody until a fit opportunity for his deportation occurs. (7) He shall, as soon as is practicable, and in the case of a person convicted, eith(T after execution of the sentence or while it is in course of execution, be embarked In custody, under the warrant of the Consul-General. on lK)ard one of His Majesty's ships of war, or, if there is no such ship available, then on board any British or other fit vessel bound to the place of deportation. (8) The warrant shall be sufficient authority to the commander or master of the vessel to receive and detain the person therein named, and to carry him to and deliver him up at the place named, according to the warrant. {9) Where a warrant of deportation provides for further deportation from the place to which the person is first deported to some other place, the person shall, on his arrival at such first-mentioned place, be delivered « o. c. liO". F ix ' i.M j^^jauj. ii. M - ,,i , . , ,^ , ^^ i ^,^j ii^ ^jj^^,,,M ^ n il.. .Ill ^ ^''MMMaMlMMMlMMMMMMlMMiMWi^^ » # I '22 with the warrant into the custody of the Chief Magistrate or officer of police at that place, who shall detain him, and shall forthwith report the case to the Governor or person adininisti^rinj^ the (Jov^^rnment at that place, who shall either cause him to be furtlu^r dc^ported, with and in accordance with the warrant, and in the meantime to h(^ detained in custody for any necessary period not exceeding three months, or, if the circumstances of the ca judgment, and eitlicr commit flio person convicfed to pri.son, or take security for him to appear and receive judgment, or to deliver liimself for execution of the judgment (as the case may require) at an appointed time and place. (2) The Court of the Consul-General, sitting without Assessors, shall liear and deterii ine the matter, and thereupon shall reverse, athrm, or amend the judgment given, or set it aside, and order an entry to be made in the Minutes that, in the judgment of the Court of the Consul-General the person ought not to liave been convicted, or order judgment to be given at a 0. ('. I'." 1 7. V # c 23 subsoquent sitting of the Proviiioial Court, or order a now trial, or make such r other order as the Court of the Consul- General thinks just, and shall also [ give all necessary and proper consequential directions. (3) The judgment of the Court of the Consul-Oeneral shall be delivered in open Court, after tlie public liearinp: of any argument offered on behalf of I the prosecutor or of the person convicted. i (4) Before delivering judgment, the Court of the Consul-General may, if necessary, cause the case to be amended by the Provincial Court. K (5) The Court of the Consul-General shall not annul a conviction or sentence, I or vary a sentence, or order a new trial, on the ground— \ (a) Of any objection which, if stated during the trial, might, in the opinion of the Court of the Consul-General, have been properly met by amendment at the trial ; or : r (h) Of any error in the summoning of Assessors ; or (c) Of any person having served as Assessor who was not qualified ; or ((/) Of any objection to any person as Asse8sr)r which might have been I raised before or at the trial ; or (6') Of any informality in tiie swearing of any witness ; or ' (/) Of any error or omission in the charge, or any informality in procedure which, in the opinion of the Court of the Consul-General, did not 1 affect the substance of the case or subject the convicted person to any undue prejudice. 76. There shall be no appeal in a criminal case to His Majesty the King in Council from a decision of the Court of the Consul-General, except by special leave of His Majesty in Council. General Provisions. 77. It shall be lawful for a Court, from time to time, by order or warrant under the seal of the Court, to appoint any building or place specified in such order or warrant to be a prison for any purpose of this Order, either generally or in relation to a particular ca&o, or for a limited time, and to appoint such persons as the Court thinks fit to be gaolers, keepers, or officers of any such prison. • . . . 78. The Fugitive Otfenders Act. 1881, shall apply to Abyssinia as if Abyssinia were a British possession, subject to the conditions, exceptions, and qualifications following :— (1) The said Act sliall apply only In the case of British subjects. (2) The Consul-General is, for the purposes of the said Act, substituted for the (governor of a Brit is!) possession, and for a Superior Court, or a Judge thereof, in a British possession, and for a Magistrate or Justice of the Peace in a British posse.ssion. . • • ,, f' ^ 1 24 (3) So mucli of the 4th and 5th flections of the said Act as relates to the sending a report of the issue of a warrant, together with the information, or a copy thereof, or to the sending^ of a certificate of committal and report of a case, or to the information to be given by a Magistrate to a fugitive, shall be excepted. , , (4) So much of the 6th section of the said Act as relates to habeas corpus, and as requires the expiration of fifteen days before issue of a warrant, shall be excepted. (oj The Cousul-Geueral shall not be bouud to return a fugitive offender to a British possession unless satisfied that the proceedings to obtain his return are taken with the consent of the Governor of that possession. 79. The Colonial Prisoners Removal Act, 1884, shall apply to Abyssinia as if Abyssinia were a British possession, and part of His Majesty's dominions, subject as follows : The Consul-General shall be substituted for the Governor of a British possession. Part IV.— Civil Matters. 80. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the civil jurisdiction of every Court acting under this Order sliall, as far as circumstances admit, be exercised on the principles of and in conformity with the law for the time being in force in British India. Provided that in all matters relating to marriage, inheritance, or other questluus involving rtdigious law or custom, the Court shall, in the case of persons belonging to non-Christian conmiunities, recognize and apply the religious law or custom of the person concerned. i 81. Where no evidenco is offered to tiie contrary, or where, upon the evidonce before the Court, the Court is unable to determine the domicil of origin, a person of European descent to whom this Order applies may be presumed to be domicih'd in England. 82.— (1) The Court of the Consul-General may, if he thinks fit, hear any action with Assessors. "- (2) A Provincial Court shall (subject to the provisions of this Order) hear with Assessors every action which involves the amount or value of £300 or upwards. (3j In all other cases a Provincial Court may, as it thinks fit, hear the action either with or withoiit Assessors. Arbitration, 83.-(l) Any agreement in writing between any British subjects or between . British subjects and natives or foreigners to submit present or future differences o arbitration, whether an Arbitrator is named therein or not, ipay be filed t u i I. I-' !t 1^ k 25 in the Court by any party thereto, and, unless a contrary intention is expressed therein, shall be irrevocable, and shall have the same eflfect as an order of the Court (2) Every such agreement is in this Order referred to as a submission. (3) If any action is commenced in respect of any matter covered by a submission, the Court, on the application of any party to the action, may by order stay the action. 84.— (1) In any action - (a) If all parties consent, or {h) If the matters in dispute consist wholly or partly of matters of account, or require for their determination prolonged examination of documents or any scientific or local examination ; the Court may at any time refer the whole action, or any question or issue arising therein, for inquiry and report, to a special Referee. (2) The report of the special Referee may be adopted wholly or partially by the Court, and if so adopted may be enforced as a judgment of the Court, (3) The Court may also in any case, with the consent of both parties to an action, or of any parties between whom any questions in the action arise (such consent being signified by a submission) refer the action or the portions referred to in the submission to arbitration, in such manner and upon such terms as it shall think reasonable or just. (4) In all cases of reference to a special Referee, or Arbitrator, under any order of the Court, the special Referee or Arbitrator shall be deemed to bo an oflicer (if the Court, and shall have such powers and authority, and shall conduct the reference or arbitration in such manner, as may be prescribed by any Rules of Court, and subject thereto as the Court may direct. 85. Subject to Rules of Court, the Court shall have authority to enforce any submission, or any award made thereunder, and to control and regulate the proceedings before and after the award, in such manner and on such terms as the Court thinks fit. Bankruptcy. 8G. Each Court shall, as far as circumstances admit, have, for and within its own district, with respect to the following classes of persons being either resident in Abyssinia or carrying on business there, namely, British subjects and their debtors and creditors, being British subjects, or natives or foreigners submitting to the jurisdiction of the Court, all such jurisdiction in bankruptcy as for the time belongs to a Court exercising jurisdiction under the Presidency Towns Insolvency Act, 1909, or any Act amending or substituted for the same. o O. C. 1917. Ct .-.-jLtt.. .4i.. .L. fKl. ■r!1W>". f # 2« Lunacy. ^ \ ''•a 87. (1) The Consul- (general shall, as far as circumstances admit, liavo for and within Abyssinia, with respect to British subjects, all such jurisdiction relative to the custody and management of the persons and estates of lunatics as for the time being belongs to the lligli Court of Bombay with regard to the care and couimitment of the custody of the persons and estates of lunatics within tlie Presidency of Bombay. (2) A Provincial Court shall, as far as circumstances permit, have, iu relation to British subjects, such jurisdiction relative to the custody and manage- ment of the persons and estates of lunatics as for the time being may be exercised bv a Civil Court under the Lunacy (District Courts) Act, 1858, or any Act amending or substituted for the same. . . , (*5) In any such case the Provincial Court may, of its own motion, or on the application of any person interested, take or autliorize such steps as to the Court may seem necessary or expedient for th(^ immediate protection of the person and property of any person appearing to the Court to be a lunatic, and mav, from time to time, revoke, or vary,' or supplement any order or proceeding taken in the matter; (4) Subject to the provisions of this Article, and to any Rules of Court, • a Provincial Court shall not procec^d in any such matter except under and ! accordino- to th(^ directions of th(.* Court of the Consul-General. I i 88. Sections 5 to 7 of the Lunatics Removal (India) Act, 1851 (14 & 15 Vict., I cap. 81), sliall apply to Abyssinia, with the substitution of ''the Court of the Consul Generar' tor ''the Supreme Court of Judicature at an;^ of the I Presidencies of India." Matrimonial Causes. 89. 'l\w Consul-General sliall, as far as circumstances admit, have for and within Abyssinia, with respect to British subjects, all such jurisdiction In matrimonial causes, except the jurisdiction relative to dissolution or nullity or jactitation ui marrlat^e, as for the time being ])elong8 to any Court exercising jurisdiction under the Indian Divorce Act, 1869, or any Act amending or substituted for the same. Probate and Administration. 90.— (1) TIh> Consul-Gonoral sliall, as far as circumstances admit, have • • • » for nnrl within Abyssinia, with rospoct to tho wills and the property in Abyssinia of deceased British subjects, all such jurisdiction as for the time being belongs to a High Court under the Indian Succession Act, 1865, or any Act amending or substituted for the same. (2) A Provmcial Court shall have power to grant probate or letters of administration where there is no contention respecting the right to the grant, • o 0. C. 1917. . . - rr T, ..^.^^ . ' ■ - - - • 27 and it 18 proved that the deceased was resident at his death within the particular jurisdiction. • (3) Probate or administration granted by a Court under this Order shall have effect over all the property of the deceased within Abyssinia, and shall effectually discharge persons dealing with an executor or administrator there- under, notwithstanding that any defect afterwards appears in the grant. The grant shall not be impeachable by reason only that the deceased was not at the time of his death resident within the particular jurisdiction. ' 91. A British subject may in his lifetime deposit for safe custody, in the Court, his own will, sealed up under his own seal and the seal of the Court. 92. — (1) Where a Court of Probate in the United Kingdom or in any British possession to which the Colonial Probates Act, 1892, for the time bein<^ extends has granted probate or letters of administration or confirmation in respect of the estate of a deceased person, the probate letters or confirmation so granted may, on being produced to, and a copy thereof deposited with, the Court of the Consul-General, be sealed with the seal of that Court, and thereupon shall be of the like force and effect and have the same operation as if granted by that Court. ' • '• (2) The Court of the Consul -General may, if it thinks fit, on the application of any creditor, require before sealing that adequate security be given for the payment of debts due from the estate to creditors residing in Abyssinia. (.3) For the purposes of this Article a duplicate of any probate or letters of administration or confirmation sealed with the seal of the Court granting the same, or a copy thereof certified as correct by or under the authority of tlie Court granting the same, shall have the same eflfect as the original. * I 93.— (1) Each Consular officer shall endeavour to obtain, as early as may be, notice of the death of every British subject dying within the particular iurisdictiou whether resident or not, and all such information respecting his affairs as may serve to guide the Court with respect to the securing and administration of his property. (2) On receiving notice of the death the Consular officer shall put up a n(jtice thereof at the Court-house, and shall keep the same there until probate or achiiinistration is granted, or, where it appears to him that probate or administration will not be applied for or cannot be granted, for such time as he thinks fit. ()4__n^ Where a British subject dies in Abyssinia, or elsewhere, intestate, then, until administration is granted, Lis personal property m Abyssinia shall "he vested in the Consul- General.' " ' • " • ' (2) The Court within whose jurisdiction any property of the deceased is situate shall, where the circumstances of the case appear to the Court so to mrniinrT^i n a tJH j HlirTTiTI « # 28 require, forthwith on his death, or as soon after as may be, take possession of his personal property within the particular jurisdiction, or put any such property under the seal of the Court (in either case, if the nature of th(3 property or other circumstances so require, making an inventory), and so keep it until it can be dealt with according to law. ft 95. If any person named executor in a will takes possession of* and administers or otherwise deals with any part of the property of the deceased, and does not obtain probate within one month after the death or after the termination of any proceedings respecting probate or administration, he shall be liable to pay double the amount of any fees chargeable on obtaining probate, and he shall also be liable to a fine not exceeding £100. 96. If any person, other than the person named executor or an administrator or an oflScer of the Court, takes possession of and administers or otherwise deals with any part of the personal property of a deceased British subject, whether resident or not, he shall be deemed guilty of a contempt of Court, and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding £50. 97. Where a person appointed executor in a will survives the testator, but either dies without having taken probate or, having been called on by the Court to take probate, does not appear, his right in respect of the executor- ship wholly ceases ; and, without further renunciation, the representation tj the testator and the administration of his property shall go and mav b«^ committed as if that person had not been appointed executor. 98.- (1) Where a British subject dies in Abyssinia, any other such subject having in his possession, or under his control, any paper or writing of the deceased, being, or purporting to be, testamentary, shall forthwith bring the original to the Court within whose particular jurisdiction the death happens, and deposit it there. If any person fails to do so for fourteen days after having knowledge of the death of the deceased, he shall be guilty of an oflFence, and liable to a fine not exceeding £J)0. (2) Where it is proved that any paper of the deceased, being or purporting to be testamentary, is in the possession or under the control of a British subject, the Court may, whether a suit or proceeding respecting probate or administration is pending or not, order him to produce the paper and bring it into Court. (3) Where it appears to the Court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any person has knowledge of any paper being or purporting to be testamentary (although it is not shown that the paper is in his posses- sion or under his control), the Court may, whether a suit or proceeding for probate or administration is pending or not, order that he be examined respecting it before the Court or elsewhere, and that he do attend ' for that purpose, and after examination order that be do produce the paper and deposit it in Court. .^aUiuMiMHilBa c t 29 09. Where it appears to the Court that the value of the property or estate of a deceased British subject does not exceed XlOO, the Court may, without any probate or letters of administration, or other formal proceeding, pay thereout any debts or charges, and pay, remit, or deliver any surplus to such persons in such manner as the Secretary of State from time to time directs, and shall not be liable to any action, suit, or proceedings in respect of anything done under this Act. 100. The Foreign Jurisdiction Probates Order in Council, 1908, shall apply to all persons and to all property subject to this Order. 101. Section 51 of the Conveyancing (Scotland) Act, 1874, and any enact- ment for the time being in force amending or substituted for the same, are hereby extended to Abyssinia, with the adaptation following namely: — The Court of the Consul-General is hereby substituted for a Court of Probate in a Colony. Appeal to Consul' Oeneral. 102. (1) Where an action in a Provincial Court involves the amount of value of oG25 or upwards, any party aggrieved by any decision of that Court, with or without Assessors, in the action shall have the ri^^ht to appeal to the Court of the Consul-General against the same, on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by Rules of Court. (2) In any other case, the Provincial Court may, if it soems just and expedient, give leave to appeal on like terms. ^2>) In any case the Court of the Consul-General may give leave to appeal on such terms as seem just. 103. — (1) The Court of the Consul-General may, if it thinks fit, on the application of any party, or of its own motion, order a rehearing of au action, or of an appeal, or of any arguments on a verdict or on any other question of law. (2) The provisions of tins Order respecting a hearing with Assessors shall extend to a rehearing of an action. (3) If the party applying for a rehearing has by any order been ordered to pay money or do any other thing, the Court may direct either that the order be carried into execution, or that the execution thereof be 8uspend(Ml pending the rehearing, as it thinks fit. (4) If the Court directs the order to be carried into execution, the party in whose favour it is given shall before the execution give security to the satisfaction of the Court for the performance of such order as shall 'be made on the rehearing. (5) If the (>ourt directs the execution of the order to be suspended, the party against whom it is given shall, before an order for suspension is given, give security to the satisfaction of the Court for performance of such order a.s shall be made on the rehearing. / / 9 0. C. 1917 lkA>aJu.4Ha>««H- ^lAuMlMM^MlBiik^bk^^iM^idiM ^_^ ^gg^gt^mmtmmmimmdmilk f ;3o (6) Au appUcatiou for a reheariug almll be made witlilti tlie prescribed time. Appeal to His Majesty in Council. 104. No appeal ahall lie from' the Court of the Consul- General, exeopt in cases where leave to appeal to His Majesty the King in Council is granted either by the Court of the Consul-General or by His Majesty In Council. • ■ , , ■ ■ ■• • Part V. — Procedure, Civil and Criminal. 105. Summonses, orders, and other documents ii^suing from tlio Court shall be sealed with the seal of the Court. .. |Q(^_(]j In every case, civil or criminal. Minutes of the proceediui^'S shall be drawn up, and shall be signed by the Consular Oflficer before whom the proceedings are taken, and shall, where the suit is heard with Assessors, be open for their iuspoction and for their signature if concurred in by them. • (2) These Minutes, with the depositions of witnesses, and the notes of evidence taken at the hearing or trial by the Consular officer, shall be preserved in the office of the Court. 107. Everv Provincial Court shall eifecute any writ, order, or warrant iasuing from tlu* Court of the CoQSul-Goneral, and shall take security from any person named therein for his appearance, personally, or by attorney, accord'ur'' to the writ, order, or warrant, or may cause such i)er8on to bo taken in custody or otherwise to the Court of the Consul-General or elsewhere in Abyssinia according to the writ, order or warrant. 108. Tlie Consul-General niav make Rules of Court — ((i) For regulating tlie pleading practice and procedure in the Courts established under this Order with respect to all matters within the jurisdiction of the respective Cour^ ; (&) For regulating the means by which particular fleets may be proved in the said Courts ; (c) For prescribing any forms t^ be used.; ((f) For prescribing or regulating the duties ot the officers of tlie said Courts; (e) For prescribing scales of costs and regulating any matters in connection therewith ; '••'.' (f) For prescribing and enforcing the fees to be taken in respect of any proceedings under this Order, not exceeding, .a=! regards any matters provided for by the Consular Salaries and Fees Act, 181)1, fees fixed and allowed from time to time by any Order in Council made under that Act; 0. V. ll)J7. I^MiillHfliiilMMMHMMiiMHHMlMiiMittMMiMMIIiMiMMiMaMMtt • W / 31 ; (y) For prescribing tlio allowances to be made in criinliial casos tQ coniplainaiita, wituoasos, Asseswors, interproterH, inodical practitioners, ami other persons ernj)lo3^ed in the adminis- tration of justice, and the conditions upon which an order may be male by the Court for such allowances; Qi) For taking and transmitting depositions of witnesses for use at trials in a British possession or in the United Kingdom ; («■) For regulating the mode in which legal practitioners are to be admitted to practise as sucli, and for withdrawing or suspending the right to practise on grounds of misconduct, " subject to a right of appeal to His Majesty in Council; {k) For prescribing and enforcing the fees to be taken in resj)ect of proceedings in or by any Consular Court in relation to cases in Abyssinian Tribunals to which any British subject may be a party ; : {I) For regulating the management and investment of property under the control of the said Courts; (m) For regulating the procedure at incjuests. * * ft Where a power to inako Kules is given by any Indian Act or law which is applicable to Abyssinia, the powers of tliis Article shall include a power to make such Rules for the pur{)oses of that Act or law so far as a])plicable. Rules framed under this Article shall not have effect until approved by the Secretary of State, and, so far as tlun- relate to fees and costs, sanctioneil by the Treasury ; but In case of urgency declared iu any such Jiules the sanu' shall have effect unless and until tiiey are disapproved by tlie Secretary of State, and notification of such disapproval is recorded and published bv the CoiLsul-General. Until such Kulos hav(3 boon made, or in rolatioii to inatt(T.s to wliicli they do not extend, a Court inaj adopt and use aiiv procedure or f(jriii8 hen^tofore in use in tlio Consular Courts in Abyssinia, or any Regulations or Kules made thereunder and in force innnediately bc^tbre the commencfMnt^nt of this Order, with any modifications or adaptations which may be necessary. K)9. Tlie Court may, in any case, if it thinks fit, on account of the [ poverty of a party, or for any other reason, dispense witli the payment of any fee, in whole or in part, 110. — (1) Every person doing an act, or takin^^ a proceedin;^^ in the Court as plaintiff in a civil case, or as makinir a criminal charge arrainst another person, or otherwise, shall do so in his own name, and not otherwise, and either — (a) By himself; or {h) By a legal practitioner ; or (c) By his attorney br'agept' thereunto lawfully authorized in writInL% ■^^^^^^■^^MH^MiM^^^^MiMlMiiilMMnMMBllriAiHaiiMMtfiiMMl^^ % !: < 32 (2) W here the act is done, or procoedinj^ taken, by an attorney (other than a legal practitioner), or by an agent, the power of attorney, or instrument " authorizing the agent, of an authenticated co[)y thereof, shall be first filed in the Court. (3) Wh(^re th(i authority has reference only to the particular proceeding, the original document shall be filed. (4) Where the authority is general, or has reference to other matters in which the attorney or agent is empowered to act, an authenticated copy of the document may be filed. (5) If any person does any act, or takes any proceeding in the Court in the name or on behalf of another person, not being lawfully authorized thereunto, and knowing himself not to be so authorized, he shall be deemed guilty of a contempt of Court. (6) Where in this Order appearance is referred to, appearance in person, or by a legal practitioner, attorney, or agent as aforesaid is meant, unless it is otherwise expressed. 111. — H) In any case, civil, or criminal, and at any stage thereof, tlie Court, either of its own motion or on the application of any party, may summon a British subject, being within the particular jurisdiction, to attend to give evidence, or to produce documents, or to be examined. (2) If the person summoned, having reasonable notice of the time and place at which he is required to attend, tails to attend accordingly, and does not excuse his failure to the satisfaction of the Court, he shall (independently of any other liability) be deemed guilty of an offence against this Order, and be liable to a fine of not more than £100, or to imprisonment for not more than one month, in the discretion of the Court. 112. f I) In a criminal case, where the Court is satisfied that a British subject within the particidar jurisdiction may be able to give material evidence, either fur the prosecution or for the defence, and that he will not voluntarily attend to giv«3 evidence, the Court may issue a summons for his attendance. (2) If he does not obey the summons and dr)es not excuse his failure to the satisfaction of the Court, then (after proof of service of the summons) the Court may Issue a warrant to compel his attendance. (3) Whore It is proved to be probable that a person who might be so summoned will not attend to give evidence unless compelled to do so, then the Court, instead of Issuing a summons, may issue a warrant in the first instance. (4) If any such person on his appearance, either In obedience to a summons or ou being brought up under a warrant, refuses to take an oath, or having taken an oath to answer any question put to him, and does not excuse his refusal to the satisfaction of the Court, then the Court may, by ♦•:• 1 e 1 a3 warrant, commit him to prison, there to remain for not more than seven days, unless ho in the meantime consents to answer duly on oath. 113. Where by this Order, or any order of the Court, or the course of the Court, any limited time from or after any date or event is appointed or allowed for the doing of any act, or the taking of any proceeding, and the time is not limited by hours, the f(dlowing rules shall apply. (i) The limited time does not include the day of the date or of the happening of the event, but commences at the beginning of the day next following that day ; (ii) The act or proceeding must be done or taken at latest on the last day of the limitefl time ; fiii) Where the limited time is less than six days, Sundays shall not be reckoned as part of the time. \14. The Court, on making any order which it is in its discretion to make, may make the order on such terms respecting time, costs, and other matters as the Court thinks fit. 115. If an oflBcer of the Court employed to execute an order, by neglect or omission, loses the o|)portunity of executing it, then on complaint of the person aggrieved,' and proof of the fact alleged, the Court may, if it thinks fit, order the oflScer to pay the damages sustained by the person complaining, or part thereof, and the order shall be enforced as an order directing payment of monev. 116. If a clerk or officer of the Court, acting under pretence of the process or authority of the Court, is charged with extortion, or with not duly paving over money, or with other misconduct, the Court, if it thinks fit, may (without prejudice to any other liability or punishment to which the clerk (jr officer would, in the absence of the present provision, be liable) inquire into the charge in a summary way, and may for that purpose summon and eiiforcp the attendance of all necessary persons as in a suit, and may make such order for the repayment of any money extorted, or for the payment over of any money, and for the payment of such damages and costs as the Court thinks just; and the Court may also, if it thinks fit, impose on the clt^rk or officer such fine, not exceeding o£10 for each offence, as the Court thinks just. 117. All costs and all charges and expenses of witnesses, prosecutions, punishments, and deportations, and other charges, and expenses, and all fees, fines, fornnlures, and pecuniary penalties payable under this Order, or under any Hules or Regulations to be made in pursuance of this Order, may be levied by distress and seizure and sale of goods and lands ; and any bill of sale, or mortgage, or transfer of property, made with the view of avoiding such distress, seizure, or sale, shall not be permitted to defeat the provisions of this Order. 1!H I . •"VprMtnWIV # • 34 118. All fees, fines, forfeitures, and pecuniary penalties levi^nl under tliis Order shall be carried to the public account, and be applied as the 8(^CT(*tary of State, with the concurrence of the Treasury, from time to time directs. 119. Wherever under this Order any person is to be taken for trial or imprisonment to the Court of the Consul-lxeneral, or elsewhere in Abyssinia, or to Aden, Bombay, or Malta, or elsewhere, the Court or other authority by this Order authorized to cause him to be so taken may for that purpose (if necessary) cause him to be embarked on bmrd one of His Majesty's vessels of war, or, if there is no such vessel available, then on board any British or other fit vessel, at any port or place, wlietlier withiu or beyond the particuhir jurisdiction or district of that Court or authority, and with a view to such embarkment, may (if necessary) cause him to be taken, in custody or otherwise, by land or by water from any place to the port or place of embarkment. The writ, order, or warrant of the Court, by virtue whereof any person ^ is to be so taken, shall be sufficient authority to every constable, officer, or other person acting thereunder, and to the commander or master of any vessel of war, or other vessel (whether the constable, officer, or other person, or the vessel, or the commander or master thereof, is named therein or not), to receive, detain, take, and deliver up such person, according to the writ, order or warrant. Where the writ, order, or warrant is executed under the inunediute direction of the Court or authority issuing it, the writ, order, or warrant, shall be ch^livered to the constable, officer, or other person acting thereunder, and a duplicate * thereof shall be delivered to the commander or master of any vessel in which the person to whom the writ, order, or warrant relates is embarked. Where the writ, order, or warrant, issues from the Court of the Consul- General, and is executed by a Provincial Court, a copy thereof certified under the seal of the Court executing the same shall be delivered to the constable, officer, or other person acting: thereunder, and to the commander or master of any vessel in which the person taken is embarked ; and any such copy shall be for all purposes conclusive evidence of the order of which it purports to be a copy. • , / \ 120.— (1) Subject to the other provisions of this Order, all expenses of removal of prisoners and others from or to any place in Abyssinia, and tlie expenses of sending any person to Aden, Bombay, or Malta, or elsewhere, shall bo defrayed in such manner as the Secretary of State from time to timo directs. (2) Any master of a British ship when required shall be bound to take such persons iur a reasonable remuneration, to be determined by the Cousul- General, and in case of non-complianct' shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding fifty pounds. ' 121. The Public Authoritien' Protection Act, 1893, shall extend and apply to Abyssinia, as if Abyssinia were therein mentioned in place of the United 0. e. 1917. ii! • €S r 3S Kingdom, and aa if this Order and any othor Order relating to Abys8H)ia, rinted in England, rules (10) and (11) shall, as far as practicable, apply to such parts as are printcnl in Abyssinia and such as are to be printed in England respectively. (13) The reasons given by the CcmsubGenenil for or against any judgment pronounced in the course of the proceedings out of which the appeal arises shall by the Consul-General be conununicatiMl in writing to the Registrar, and shall by him be transmitted to the Kegistrar of the Privy Council at the same time when the record is transmitted. (14) Where there are tw^o or more applications for leave to appeal arising out of the same matter, and the Court is of opinion that It would be for the convenience of the Lords of the Judicial Committee and all parties concerned that the appeals should be consolidated, the Court may direct the appeals to be consolidated and grant leave to appeal by a single order. (15) An appellant who has obtainc^d an order granting him conditional leave to appeal may, at any time prior to tln^ making of an order granting iiim final leave to appeal, withdraw his appeal on such terms as to costs and otlierwise as the Court mav direct. (H!) Where an a{)pelhant, having obtained an order granting him conditional leave to app(»al, and having complied with the conditions imp()S(*d on him by a sucli ord(T, fails tlnTeaft^^r to apply witli due diligfMice to the Court for an order granting him final leavt* to appeal, the Court may, on an apj)lication in that b(^half made by tluj respondent, rescind the order granting conditional leave to apjH^al, notwithstandimj; the ap{)ellant's compliance with the conditions imj)osed by such order, and may give such directions as to the costs of tlie appeal and the security entered into by the appcdiant as the Court shall think fit, or make such further or other onler in the premises as, in the opinion of the Court, the* justice of the case requires. (17) On an application tor final leavi^ to appeal the Court may enquire whether notice, or snilicient nolicr, of the applicM ion has bi^en given by tho appellant to all parties concerned, and, it not Siitisried as to the n(>tices given, may deiV^ the granting of the final leave to appeal, or may give such other directions in the niatter as, in the opinion of the Court, the justice of the case r(^quires, <~' f" 1917. t ' ■ \ -^ ^ ^ T^P^ ' "* " T*^ 'm r r . * ^ • • • 38 (18) An appellant who has obtained final leave to appeal «hall prosecuto Ilia appeal in accordance with the rules for the time being regulating the general practice and procedure in appeals to His Majesty in Council. (10) Wliero an appellant, having obtained final leave to appeal, desires, prior to tiie despatch of the record to England, to withdraw his appeal, tlio Court may, upon an application in that behalf made by the appellant, grant hin.' a certificate; to the efiect that the appeal has been withdrawn, and the appeal shall thereupon be deemed, as from the date of such certificate, to stand dismissed, without express Order of His Majesty in Council, and the costs of the appeal and the security entered into by tlie appellant shall be dealt with in such manner as the Court may think fit to direct. (2()) Where an appellant, having obtained final leave to appeal, fails to show due diligence in taking all necessary steps for the purpose of procuring the despatch of the record to England, the respondent may, after giving the appellant due notice of his intended application, apply to the Court for a certificate that the appeal has not been effectually prosecuted by the appellant, and if the Court sees fit to grant such a certificate, the appeal shall be deemed, as from the date of such certificate, to stand dismissed for non-prosecution without express Order of His Majesty iu Council, and the costs of the appeal and the security entered into by the appellant shall be dealt with in such manner as the Court may think fit to direct. (21) Where at auy time between the order granting fiual leave to appeal and the despatch of the record to England the record becomes defective by reason of the death, or change of status, of a party to the appeal, the Court may, notwithstanding the order granting filial leave to appeal, on an application iu that behalf made by any person interested, grant a certificate showing who, in the opinion of the Court, is the proper person to be substituted or entered on the record in place of, or in addition to, the party who has died, or undergone a change of status, and the name of such person shall thereupon be deemed to be so substituted or entered on the record as aforesaid without express Order of His Majesty in Council. f (22) Whore the record subsequently to its despatch to England becomes defective by reason of the death or change of status, of a party to the appeal, the Court shall, upon an application in that behalf made by any person interested, cause a certificate to be transmitted to the Registrar of the Privy Council showing who, in the opinion of the Court, is the proper person to be substituted, or entered, on the record, in place of, or in addition to, the party who has died or undergone a change of status. (23; The case of each party to the appeal may be printed either in Abjssm.a or in England and shall, in either event, be printed in accordance " with the rules set forth in the schedule hereto, everv tenth line thereof beidfj numbered in the margin, and shall be signed by at least one of the counsel who attends at the hearing of the appeal, or by tlie party hiinseli" ,f he conducts his appeal in person. ^ O. C. MI17. • 39 (24) The case shall consist of paragraphs numbered consecutively and shall state, as concisely as possible, the circiunstancos out of which the appeal arises, the contentions to be urged by the party lodging the same, and the reasons of appeal. References by page and line to the relevant portions of the record as printed shall, as far as practicable, be printed in the margin, and care shall be taken to avoid, as far as possible, the re-printing in the case of long extracts from the record. The taxing officer, in taxing the costs of the appeal, shall, either of his own motion, or at the instance of the opposite party, enquire into any unnecessary prolixity in the case, and shall disallow the costs occasioned thereby, (25) Where the Judicial Committee directs a party to bear the costs of an appeal incurred in Abyssinia, such costs shall be taxed by the proper officer of the Court in accordance with the rules for the time being regulating taxati(m in the Court, (26) The Court shall conform with, and execute, any Order which His Majesty in Council may think fit to make on an appeal from a judgment of the Court in like manner as any original judgment of the Court should or might have been executed. (27) Nothing in these rules contained shall be deemed to interfere with the right of His Majesty, upon the humble petition of any person aggrieved by any judgment of the Court, to admit his appeal therefrom upon such conditions as His Majesty in Council shall think fit to impose. SCHEDULK TO ARTICLE 12:5. I. Uecords and Cases in Appt^als to ITis Majesty in Council shall hv printed in tlio form known as Demy Quarto. II. The size of the paper used sliall be sueh that the sheet, when folded and trimmed, Avill }m^ 11 inch(\s in height and Si inches in width. III. The typt» to l>e used in the text shall be pica type, but loni,' primer shall be used in printing accounts, Uibular matter, and notes. IW The numl)er of lines in each page of pica type skill U^ forty-seven or tlierealx)uts, and e\rry tentli line shall l)e numl>ered in thr margin. Part VIL— Native and Foreign Subjects and Tribunals. 124, Where a native or foreigner desires to institute or tal^e in the Court an action atrainst a British subject, or a British subject desires to institute or take in tlie Court an action against a foreigner, the Court shall entertain the same, and the action shall be heard and determined either by the Consular officer sitting alone, or, if all parties consent, or the Court so directs, with ' ' ^ ^ ■ ...■ . ■litfMiMiaillMMMiHllM^llii 1-r m^ij I . j^ It [ # # 40 ( r Assftssors, biit in all other respects according to the ordinary procedure of the Court. Provided that the native or foreifriK^r, if so requinMl by the Court, first submits to the j\iris(h'ction of the Court, and, if n^piired by the Court, <^ives security to the satisfaction of tlie Court, by deposit or otiierwise, to pay fees, damages, costs, and expenses, and abide by and {)erf()rm sucli decision as shall be <^iven by the Court originally or on appeal (as the case may require). 125. A cross suit shall not be instituted in the Court against a plalntifi', being a native or foreigner, who has submitted to the jurischction, by a delendant, without leave of the Court nrst obtained. The Court, before giving leave, may require proof from the dc^fendant that his claim arises out of the subject-matter in dispute, and that there is reasonabhj ground for it, and that It is not made for vexation or delay. Nothing In this provision shall prevent the (h^fendant instituting or takln In the Court any suit or proceeding against the native or foreigntT after tlie termination of the suit or procee<]ing in which tlie native or foreigner is plaintitf. 126. — (1) Where a native or foreigner obtains in the Court an order against a defendant, being a British subject, and in another suit that defendant is plaintitf, and th(^ native or foreigner is defendant, the Court may, if it thinks fit, on the application of the snbject, stay the enforcement of the order pending that other suit, and may set off any amount ordered to be paid by one party in one suit against any amount ordered to be paid by the other party in the other suit. (2) Where a plaintiff, bcMUg a native or foreigner, obtains an onh^r in tln^ Courts against two or more defendants, being British subjects jointly, and in ^ another suit one of them is plaintitf, and the natlv(^ or foreigner Is delendant, i| the Court may, if it thinks fit, on the ap[)lieation of the subject, stay the enforcement of the order pending that other suit, and mav set off anv amount ordertMl to be paid by one party in one suit against any amount ordered to be paid by tbe other })arty in the other suit, without prejudice to the right of the subject to require contributions from Ins co-defendants under the joint liability. 127. Where a native or foreigner is co-plaintltl' in a suit with a British subject who is within the particular jurisdiction, it sbali not be necessary for the native or foreifjner to mak'> deposit or {jfive security for costs, unless the Court 80 directs, but tlie co-plaintiff British snijjcct sliali be re> for all iees and costs. 128.— (1) Where it is shown to a Court that the attendance of a Britisii subject to give evidence, or for any other purpose connected with the adndnistration of justice, is required in a native or foreign Court, or before a L e *> 41 native or foreign judicial officer, or in a Court, or before a judicial officer of any State in amity with His Majesty, the Court nmy, if it thinks fit, in a case and in circumstances in which it would r(Hjuir(^ his attendance before itself, order that he do attend and ^ive evidence, and produce documents as so required. The order may be made subject to conditions as to payment or tender of expenses or otherwise. (2) A Court, however, cannot so order attendance at any place beyond its particular jurisdiction. (3) If the person ordered to attend, havinj^ rc^asonable notice of the time and place at which he is required to attend, fails to attend accordingly, and does not excuse his failure to the satisfaction of the Court, or if he refuses to give evidence, or wilfully gives false evidence, or fails to produce docunn^nts which lie is properly required to produce, he is, independently of any other liability, guilty of an offence against this Order, and for every such offence, or conviction thereof, by sunmiar}^ trial, is liable to a fine not exceeding c£l(K), or to Imprisonment for not exceeding one month, in the discretion of tlie (^ourt. 129. No action shall be brought for the protection of any copyright, trade- mark, patent, or design by any person who is not a British subject, unless either — (a) An arrangement is in force between His Majesty's Government and the Government of the State or Power to which the plaintiff belongs ; or (6) The Court is satisfied that effectual provision exists for the protection in Consular or other Courts in Abyssinia of the rights and interests of British subjects in copyrights, trade-marks, patents, and designs infringed by the subjects of such State or Power. Where such an arrangement is in force, the Consul-General may issue a notification to that effect, and the Court shall take judicial notice thereof. 130. — (1) The Court may, upon the application of any British subject, native or foreigner, who has obtained a judgment or order for the recovery or pavment of money in a native or foreign Court in Abypsinia against a person subject to the jurisdiction of that Court, and upon a certificate by tlie proper officer of the native or foreign Court that such judgment has been recoverfnl or order made (specifying the amount), and that it is still unsatisfied, and that a British subject is alleged to be indebted to such debtor and is within the jurisdiction, order that all debts owing or accruing from such British subject (hereinafter called the garnishee) to such debtor shall be attaclied to answer the judgment or order, and^ by the same or a subsequent order, niay order the garnishee to pay his debt or so much as may be suflBcient to satisfy the judgment or order of the native or foreign Court. (2) The proceedings for the summoning of the garnishee, for the ascertain- ment of his liability, and for the payment of money ordered by the Court to o (). c. r.M7. j^ ■iuiH ^^^^__^^__l_lll # # 42 be paid, and all matters for giving: effect to tliis Article, may be ret^ulated by Rules of Court. . : . (!^) An order nliall not bo mado under tliis Article iinlej^a t)ie Court Is Hatisfied that the native or foreign Court is authorized to exercise similar powers in the case of a debt due from a person subject to the jurisdiction of that Court to a British subject against whom a judgment has been obtained in a Court established under this Order. Part VIIL — Registration. 131. A register of British subjects shall be kept in the office of every Consulate in Abyssinia. 132. — (1) Every British subject resident in Abyssinia, being of the age of 21 years or upwards, or being married, or a widower or widow, though under that age, shall in the month of January of every year register himself or herself at the Consulate of the Consular district within which he or she resides, (2) A British subject arriving in Abyssinia may be registered either in the register of the Consular district in which he first arrives or in that of the district in which he goes to reside, and he must apply for registration within one month after arrival in Abvssinia. Provided that a person who fails to ap[)l7 for or to obtain regis- tration within the time limited by this Article may be registered at anv time if he excuses his failure to the satisfaction of tlie Consular officer. ][\3. The registration of a man shall comprise the registration of his wife, or wives, if living with hini ; and the registration of the head of a family shall comprise the registration of all females and minors, being his relatives, in whatever degree, living under the same roof with him at the time of liis registration. 134. A person registered in any register of British subjects established previous to the making of this Order shall be r<^gistered under the provisions of this Order, unless the Consular officer is satisfied, after enquiry, that the previous registration was erroneous, or that such person is not entitled to registration under the provisions of this Order. 135. (1) The Consular officer shall on the first registration of any person issue to him a certificate of registration, signed and sealed with his Consular seal . (2) On the renewal of a registration, the old certificate of registration shall be produced, or its ab.sence accounted for to the satisfaction of the Consular officer. (3) The renewal of a registration shall, unless the Consular officer thinks fit to issue a now certificate, be effected by an endorsement on the oM certificate. to a fine not excee(hnp: two pounds for eacli instance of such failure, but h(^ shall, although not n^gistered, be subject to tlie jurisdi(*tion of His Majesty's Courts in Abyssinia. 131). (1) A person, not of Asiatic or African descont, arriving in Abvssinia and ^'^pplying to be registerfnl as a ]3ritish subject, shall b<' so registered if the Consular officer is satisfied, after sucli enquirv as he niav doom fit, that he is rntitled to the status of a British subject. (2) A person of Asiatic or African descent, arriving in Abyssinia and applying to be registered [is a British subject, sliall l)e so registered If he (a) produces a passport as a British subject from British India or a British possesi^ion or Protectorate; or (/>) files an affidavit or sworn declaration showino- that he wiis born within His ?ilajestv*s dominions or within thf^ terriri.ry of any Prince or State in India, under the suzerainty or in alliance with His Majesty or in a British Protectorate, or that he lias been naturalized in the United Kingdom ; and (r) in either case gives satisfactory evidence of his identity. 140. A person born in Abyssinia, being tlie child of a British subject, mav be registered as a I^ritish subject if ir i*^ proved that the father (a) vir^ rii't iiiii'ifttriiitiililiifiliaiiiliA^ ■■HsaK'sflrsif. •l •■•-■»«.•»•. $ # ^ 44 regi'^tered as a British subject, or (b) being entitled was prevented from being so registered by causes for which he was not responsible. ^ 141. The Consular officer may, without fee, register any British subjects being minors, living in the houses of foreigners or Abyssinian subjects. 142. All registers kept before the making of this Order shall continue in force until superseded by registers kept under this Order. 143. A register of con^panies incorporated or registered in the United Kingdom or in any British possession and carrying on business in Abyssinia shall bo kept in the office of every Consulate in Abyssinia. 144. The Consulate at which companies shall be registered shall be that in the district of which their cliiof local office is situated, or their business is chiefly carried on. 145. On tlie registration of a Company at a Consulate there sliall be deposited and filed in the officer of the (consulate a copy of the certificate of incorporation of the Company, or other document corresponding thereto, a statement showing the nominal capital of the Company, and the amounts thereof which have been subscribed and paid up respectively, and, if the Company has been incorporated under a law which provides for tlie periodical filing of a list of the shareholders, a copy of the last list so filed, 14(j. The Consular officer shall on the registration of a Compan}^ at the (consulate issue to the person making the registration a certificate, signed iind sealed witfi the Consular seal, that the Company has been so registered. 147.^(1) Kvery Com{)any registered under this Order shall register the name and addr(\ss of the manager or other chief local representative within .A^byssinia, and shall from time to time as may be necessary register anv alteration of tlie representative of the Company or in his address. (2) Kules of Court n)ade under Article 108 may provide that service of writs, notices, or other documents upon the person registered under this Article, or at his address, sliall be good servic(^ of such documents upon th(^ Company. 148. Registration of a Company under this Order shall not require to be leoewcH] annually, but may be renewed from time to time as the parties may desire, and must be renewed when any change takes place in the name of the Company. 1411. On overy registration of a Company under this Order, and on every renewal thereof, there shall be payable a fee of £1, and on every registration under Article 147 there shall be payable a fee of 2s 1 » i { 46 150.— (1) A Company shall not be entitled to be recognized or protected • • as a British Coinpaay unless it is registered under this Order, but shall, although not so registered, be subject to the jurisdiction of His Majesty's Courts in Abyssinia. (2) Nothing in this f Article shall affect the right of the Secretary of State to direct that British protection sliall not be accorded to a Company even though it has been registered under this Order. Part IX. — Miscellaneous. 151. The Consul-General shall have power to make and alter Regulations (to be called King's Regulations) for the following purposes, that is to Bay:— (1) For securing the observance of any Treaty for the time being in force relating to any place in Abyssinia, or of any local law or custom, whether relating to trade, commerce, revenue, or any other matter. (2) For the peace, order, and good government of British subjects in Abyssinia in relation to matters not provided for by this Order. (3) For requiring Returns to be made of the nature, quantity, and value of articles exported from or imported into his district, or any part thereof, by or on account of any British subject who is subject to this Order, and for prescribing the times and manner at or in which, and the persons by whom, such returns ar^ to be made. (4) For preventing the importation or exportation by British subjects of any munitions of war, or any parts or ingredients thereof, and for giving effect to any Treaty relating to the importation or exportation of the same. Any Regulations under this Article may provide for forfeiture of any goods, receptacles, or things in relation to which, or to the contents of which, any breach is committed of such Regulations, or of any Treaty, or any local law or custom the observance of which is provided for by such Regulations. A breach of any such Regulations shall be deemed to be an offence against this Order, and shall be punishable accordingly in addition to any forfeiture as aforesaid. 152. — (1) Regulations made under this Order shall not have effect unless and until they are approved by a Secretary of State ; save that, in case of urgency declared in any such Regulations, the same shall take effect before that approval, and shall continue to have effect unless and until they are disapproved by a Secretary of State, and until notification of that disapproval has been received and published by the Consul-General. (2) That approval where ' given, shall be conclusive, and the validity or regularity of any Regulations so approved shall not be called in question in any legal proceeding whatever. 153. — (1) All Regulations approyed under this Order, whether imposing penalties or not, shall be printed, and a printed copy thereof shall be affixed. O. (• V}\' M MiiiMfliiuiiUiiiMHlaiii ^ggHgl^^glg^^^ ^HMMi^iiii / # 46 and be at all times kept exhibited conspicuously, in the public office of each Conlinlate m 'AbysBima. (2) Printed copies of the Keprulafions shnll be kept on ?alo at such reasonable price as the Oousul-General from time to time directs. .. (3) A printed copy of any Regulations purporting to bo made under this Order, and to be certified under the hand of the Consub General, shall be conclusive evidence of the due making of sucli Regulations. I . 154. The respective powers aforesaid extend to the making of Regvlations for the governance, visitation, care, and superintendence of prisons in Abyssinia, for the removal of prisoners from one prison to another, and for the infliction of corporal or other punishment on prisoners committing offences against the niles or discipline of a prison; but the provisions of this Order respecting penalties, and respecting the printing, ^ affixing, exhibiting, and sale of Regulations, and the mode of trial of charges of offences against Regulations, do not apply to Regulations respecting prisons and offences of prisoners. J * » > I . 155. — (I) Not later than the 31 st March in each year the Consul-General shall send to the Secretary of State a report on the operation of this Order up to the Slst January in that year, showing for the then last twelve months the number and nature of the proceedings, criminal and civil, taken in the Court under this Order, and the result thereof, and the number and amount ^ of fees received, and containing an abstract of the registration list, and such other information, and being in such form, as the Secretary of State from time to time directs. ' (2) Each Provincial Court shall, at such time as may be fixed by Rules of Court, furnish to the Court of the Consul-General an annual report of every case, civil and criminal, brought before it, in such form as the Court, of the Consul-General directs. • - , .. • . ' .« . t • . I . ! M 156. A Court shall have jurisdiction to make an Order requiring a Briti'^h subject to contribute in such manner as the Court directs to the support of his wife or child, whether legitimate or not, being in the opinion of the Court under the age of 10 years. Any such Order may be made in a summary way as if the neglect to provide for the support of such wife or child were an offence against this Order, and a failure to comply with any such f)rder shall be deemed to be an offence against this Order, 'i^nd 'shall be piinishable accordingly/aiid the Court may direct any penalty imposed for such offence* io be applied for the support of such wife or child in such manner as the Court thinks fit. ■ ■• • ;. ' i; 157. Section 48 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act, 1881 (which relates to the deposit of instruments creating powers of attorney in the Central Office of the Supreme Court in England or Ireland) shall apply to Abyssinia with these modifications, that is to sav, the Oflice of the Court of 1/ 0. r. iiti7. **.- ^ •■*■ u # 47 • ^^' • , * the Consnl-General is substituted for the Central Office, and Rules of Court under this Order are substituted for General Rules. ■' "' "^ v«^.*a. i4k • > A. \ • . ' . . i » I . • V • i » • * f ' ^ 1 1 : 158 A person attending to give evidence before the Court shall not be compelled or allowed to give any evidence or produce any documents if, in the opinion of the principal Consular officer having authority in the district in which the Court is held, signified by him personally or in writing to the Court, the giving or production thfereK)f would be injurious to His Majesty^s service. . . . . ^ . ■4 •• ■ •'lit* f I I • \ "* r '. 159. Whenever an acting Consular officer has commenced the hearing of any cause or matter, civil of criminal, h6 may-, unless the Consular officer otherwise directs, continue and complete the hearing and determination thereof, notwithstanding that his authority to act as such Consular officer has otherwise ceased by reason of the expiration of tho time for which he was appointed to act, or by reason of the happening of any event by which his authority is determined. 160. Nothing in this Order sliall deprive His Majesty's Consular c^fficers of the- right to observe and to enforce the observance of, or shall deprive any person of the benefit of, any reasonable custom existing in Abyssinia, except where this Order contains some express and specific provision incompatible with the observance thereof. ICl. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to relieve any Consular officer of the duty, as far as there is proper opportunity, of promoting reconciliation and encouraging and facilitating the settlement in an amiable way, and without recourse to litigation, of matters in difference between Britisli subjects, or between British subjects and foreigners in Abyssinia. . ' ' 162. Judicial notice shall be taken of this Order, and of the commencement thereof, and of the appointment of Consular or other officers, and of the consti- tution and limits of any jurisdiction, Court, or district, and of Consular seals and signatures, and of any Rules or Regulations made or in force under this Oiler, and no proof shall be required of any of such matters. . , . • r- 1()3. Every signature or seal affixed to any instrument purporting to be the signature of any Consular officer or person acting under this Order, or to be the seal of any of fl is Majesty's Courts, shall for all purposes under this Order witliout any proof thereof, be presumed to be genuine, and shall be taken as genuine until the contrary is proved. c , ' '» ^ , J ■ ♦ :' *\ . :. J ]' f V J . . ^ ♦ « 164. (I) All proceedings which may have been taken in any Consular I Court of His Majesty, or before any Consular officer, in Abyssinia previous to ' the 'making of this Order shall be deemed to have been valid; and no such proceedings shall be questioned upon the ground of any lack of authority on the part of the Court in of Before which, or of the officer before whom, such proce of ^'^e'lMwd montli shall be deemed to be tlio timn of the commencement of this Order. V; . (4) Proof shall not In any proceeding or matter be required that th(j provisions of this Article hav6 been complied with, nor shall any act or proceeding be invalidated by^ any ^ failure to comply with any of such provisions. » 'M ahfOl (yonsular Court. t % .r Hi* Maj<»stN ^ '^tHii.,n«:r> Ofhet-. r. ik.^^m...-eAj^ ^■' '^■■-''^■- *- - -fi \ > N^* A BRITItH EMBAMY. WABMINOTON.^ Ov^ lift, Bui- *'«='^^*j ^1 fl*P ^^ ^SWT^ Th« British Smbaesy present their contpll- ^4 ments to the Department of State, and beg to er^cloed^^r the account which hae been received from the Wetltern I \:^ Union Teiegraxxh Company for the telegram which was sent ~ to His majesty's Charge d' Affaires at Adis Ahaba^xra June 18 laet in accordance trith the request contained in the Secretary of State's personal letter to lUc. J#rc|^ The British Embassy would be much obliged^if this account could be settled by the Department of dated June 17. State direct. Washington, July 24, 1914 * » ■ • iV': -r', /"' ) ' * -« 4 '.^'iy * .1 1 1 * V t ! > i . , < ' \ J ; X ^ I •f - i • .-# aitaiteMMiiirf^^iiii ttikldli tfiiiiiiiMilMMMiiliteliiiiHiL ^1 —flATIONAI ARCHIVE.^- 3 ^ i^btt, Sqiehicm cohsulatb-geiieral /4./ • AT / » A ABYSSINIA. PARIS, PRANG August \4. 1914* , D»Vi3»0N OF «««« To the Honorable The Seoretaiy of State, Washington. ■**< -• • 1 Sir I I 4 I have the honor to notify the Department that a I have this day ooneigned to the Honorable the Amerloan AmbaBsador at Paris, Prance, the Treaty negotiated by me on June 27, 1914, between the United States of imerioa r and the Ethopian Empire, with the request that It be trans- Vt mltted to the Department at the earliest opportunity* A receipt for the same, duly signed by the Ambassador, Is herewith enclosed. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Pile No. 631. Consul-General . r Enclosure : Receipt from the American Ambassador w/b ^- 1 ^ ■ "40. *. » ^r* r ■ *.»>^ ~ • . * A<» \: -' 7 * ► 1— I-'*-' -— y 1^^ I » ■ I ^C Ml —yMi. — ^W*' > daspatoh dated An^iiat General John Q. food. ;>>< AMERIOil BIBAST Af PARIS, TBAIOB, '\ t^i• ?ARIS7 FBAHCX, Aoguat 14, 1914 ■ Iv BSCSITED from Consul -General John Q^ Wood, Comfterolal Treaty • \i between the Uhlted States of dated June £7, 1914« for tr *- State at Washington. ^» • - • *• * > r • -1 • > • 4 the Sthoplan Sniplr*^ rtxM^ of • ■ s , ■ ■^ . f... -Sj !€ i» I T > • M" ^ ^.: "4 / X X <• >-. ■■*-*-— ■■*-*^-'-^-^-'--- -■ ■ '^ *"-■- "• - •^-— — ^*" ^. > -I'. i\ A P / I ' ' • I . I Telegram Sent. ( / i. * on. 6 1914 ! artincnt of State, October 5, 1914. Vi A -~. » f f. V Octoter 10, 810. Your ..telegram 258 Octo"ber fifth. The British Government Willi he glad to Instruct Colonel Charles H. M. ^'■' Doughty wyile c M G British Charge d 'Affaires at Mis Ahaha to deliver to Ahsyselnlan J Vt' "^\ Government notification and ratification of * treaty of commerce het.ween United States and Abusslnla. The communication will he for- warded as soon as possible after Its receipt at the Foreign Office. ' :-• t ., •, / •■»* ^ AMERICAN AMBASSADOR LONDON 1 \,. 4 A • Deciphered by lB4ti B«.-M«. 51 WIXS <*: :r • •^f ■:t:- ^ » '< V^' r ->./ r'^ ^t ■ "' OotolMT Tff , X9X4. L Th« Honorable Walter Hln«« Pag«, American Aabaaaador, London. Sir;* Raforrlns to your t«I«srao No. 610 of Ooto1>«r lOtb, r«portlna that tha British OoTarmant will ba glad to Instruct lis ChargA d*Affairas at Adia-Ababa to dallTar to tha Ab9>aalniao OoYarnaant tha PraaldaiiV*a notifioatios of his ratification of tha oanaaroial traaty batvaan tha United Statas and Bthiopia, aigoad on Juna 27 » 1914, I enoloaa harawith tha foIXoid.og papara; X. The Praaidaiit*8 autograph Xattar of notifloation to Ula RoyaX HighnaM Prinoa Lld^ Yaaaou, of the ratification of tha traaty. 2. Office copy of the Pra8idaot*B XetWr. 3. The Preeidant** ioatrxuDent of ' ? ratification of tha traaty. 4. An unaaaXad ooHmmioation of tod«y*8 data vliMi I hafa addraaaad to OoXoaaX Oharlaa U. M. Doughty iV^Xie. C.U.a., Britiali Obartl d'Affairae at iltis-Ababa, ragardiog the delivery of tha no- tification and ratifieatlon by hia. 6. A copy of that connunication. It ie daalrad to hare you hand the papara mantionad to Sir Sdaard Oray or whoafar laay be acting for hUs m% ■ » * ■ * - the tlsa raquaating hia to forward tham to CoXonaX V^ia vith appropriate inatruotiona, and axproMing to hi» 1. M \ 1 '! II i '# -. ir j> r •*', ♦ ••• i •a- k thi» OoTtrnotnts gxmttful thaak» for th« British Oof«m* m«nt*t courtesy In th« nsttsr. , Sir. Your o'bsdisnt ••rrant , /"M-^ ROEtRT LAWSING Aotiog 8«or«t»ry of 8t«t«. '\ I I ' VftK.W£ ■* -t*- ^Wrw^iWI^Wp i^W ^ AVm»9' f Sly;* Ob Aim at, ii&4« m tummnlmX tcwtgr atttH«.«ttd ia« ^tqfX iii#Mm yvisM 2*i44 vmsoii. agr 4rUol« t of tiM tMAlor, it to 9MVi404 ttkftt i% OImOI t&ko ^toct tii^ou trfrtifioatiaii boiHB KifOtt to ki« k«piU> liiribaioo of t%m tmtittmmtima k|r tlio OovovoBont of Um uoiiou btvtoo. It boi«g lBpnooitilt>» %gr «tf iU iMBltli. for tloo Aw o ti c oii VI ci>ss>otot,;t iMry tu rotiitift to :Xt39iiM»liJM i ^^ •t tHio tiao fov tbm ywrpooo of sdkaoifm tbio ootiflooiti •od Umi lfi;ot«iifio«t Of vot|J|o«t&Qia Iv liHi lfvoai<;oct of ■». » » •,>*<■ z' ttM tiaitod Moftoo io Hm tiowii of ttio Aogrol Mi^nm, S IwfO tbo iioM9« tgr tlM ooii^toior o:f llle BriUmalo mjMty'o i Oo&ottoX ft. ft* noo^Hf ^^ruo, cji»ti.. * 1 * 1 1 ^« Ctei«i 4'AffioJtooo of d»Mt ivitoin Ot Adi»«.»HwlNI . i' • V I •■■ii*.( ^ ^^ '^^■. i« tlM «id tbttt this 9«^Biir«Mot of ^Im tp»!|y Mgr ^ f^fiU««« i h9m, •Mo«4ingly» to Hi o writ bcMnriUi tb« «ii#* gM^ l«t««r of tiM il^oidowt of tlM Ualt«l utetM. i^th fioAtioo of tbo Uoftty ^ tbo Unitod otetooi «• «»U •• tbO ?9>0«idOflt*0 ilMltTOBMlK «f fWtifiOfttlOn Of tlkO tVM«F* X riMkU bo oblicod If yoo will bo oo good m to tMUMBit ttoo offio# o^nr •f ttM ^Moi4oal*o lotWr to tlio liiiilotov fosr Wcwmigfct Kttmiwm of iSthio^lo ond qaoot him to hmf a timm dooi »a>t o d iiboii Uio !toy«l lti#^ xkooo oill roooivo yoo for tJbo piM Pp — o of pr^iontii^ tiM oslffiaol lottor and tho F«ooidoat*o «mt4fiotttlo»« Ao bgr Ito tosM. %• b^foro otfttod* ttko t9«»1^ !• to tako offoot ttpoo ttlo nogrml KighnoOT boing notiflod of ito vttUfiootiott I9 tiio Unitod t)t«t«o. it io iapovtftot U»t offtoiol YOooa4 ifeould bo aodo of tbo doto 00 iliioii Uiot fooMlity io oo^otod. It oiU bo ouffioioot to tfaio o«»d to bovo you roooi¥o froa tho mniotoT for fMS olgn Affoifo o fonnl ivittoa ontrnfrMl ortjaont in Hio ll«y«l ^ 1 ' i •^>^ --*■ :*v "\ * Ih'fr Kojrml HitfhnSM* of tlM r«ioh AoknowloAi^i^nt it iii a««ir«a ahouXd b« fonM3Pn to llio Hoyml iiic^ 9m—, will bo approolatod. It la roqulrod that tiio notlf)<3:xtion be dollvovo4 bofori* D««ooi:4b«r 27 tU mixt; otti«r<«ieo thm traaty vllX fall. 1 baYo th« hO£3or to b«, Jlr, You; obodlant oorttant. ROBERT LAPSING Saorotaxy of ;i»tai« tho Unitad Ctatos of Aaavio^ L^-. i ' i | 'i «m>m — *^ ■ ■ I ■ . ^ am *m^^»^i^m^^~ %— - r WOODROW WILSOH, Preaident of the United States of America. V. •f. 4 To His Royal Highness prince Lidj Yass^fenf u. V C^a Sb CLL.^ Successor of Kenelik II, King of Kings of Ethiopia. Great and Good ^riend: r In conformity with Article 7, thereof, I have the honor to notify Your Royal Highness that I had the pleasure on September 19, 1914, to ratify, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Treaty of Commerce between the United States of America and Ethiopia which Your Royal ♦ Highness signed with the Plenipotentiary of the United States at Adis Ababa on June 27, 1914. Owing to ill health it is not possible for the Pleni- potentiary of the United States to return to Abyssinia at this time for the purpose of placing this notification and my ♦ instrument of ratification in the hands of Your Royal Highness. I have therefore entrusted their delivery to Colonel Charles H. M. Doughty-Wylie, C.M.G., the Charge d'Affaires of Great N Britain at Adis Ababa, who, with the permission of hie Govern- * ment , has kindly consented to fulfill this requirement. I therefore request Your Royal Highness to receive him favorably for the execution of this mission on my behalf. V I am happy to avail myself of this opportunity to assure • 1 -e Your Royal Highness of my best wishes for your personal welfare and for the prosperity of Ethiopia. ft May God have Your Royal Highness in His wise Keeping, Your Good Friend, By thr President: Robert Lansing, Acting Secretary of State. Washington, October 14, 1914. Woodrow Wilson. -^•i- . ■ r for«iga Off lot, ItTMlMr XStll I914« loiur Bxo«lX«ae7, IB r«pl7 to jour lot* of tlio 9tb lastant, I bATo tho honour to laf on To«r Izoolloaoj that I «■ trMMBlttlng to Us Hftjostj't Ohorfi 4 'Aft •Iro^t at ▲tls Ahaha tho motif loatioa of tho PrMltemt'a rotlfloo* tloft of tho OoBBorolal ffroaty hotwooa tho VmltoA ttatoo of ABorloa and Bthlapla, for AoIlTory to tho Ahjaalalaa Oora Bt* 9ho othor aaoloaiiroa la Taar Ixaollaaa^'a Iota aro alao holag forvartad ta OaXonaX Baailitsr i!ini«* I haTo tho haaaor to bo, *o« (for tho aoorotary of Stat a) Sm A«0B01B« f- Hla Ixaallonoj Sha Iaa«W,E*fafo, Jm« so* Ao^ » 1 ^M '•'% -v. J' ^ ^•^ # iUMMifllHiiMriiiiMMiMHi ' "'^^ ' o^ioite'-i ii . ^..^. ., I II lii riiiiofcitfi'- """"• * k. ^ JLm.i.iiA,M.A^^M. ^ A ■ NATIONAL ARCHIVES Jy&kcA:: CONSULAB SBEviiw, t ; ^ 1 . . ^ ADIS APAEA,A3ySSIlTIA. I -ti* ^(mx^P' ^Sp-r^-^;,v''J lIe.W.*York City, December 8,1914. m^^mn Subjeotr-Abyooinian Treaty s The Honorable The Secretary of State, VASHINGTOII. /t^ •c// / / Sir:- have the honor to reape h 5 •*. 1 equest the latest irJ'oraation about the ratification of the Abyssinian ire^^tj , ne-ioticited by me and delivered in person to the Honorable Secretary of State, with my report on the first day of September, 151-;. LTo acknowledgement of the sane has ever b>?en received by me. By the terms of aaid treaty, notice of its ratif icati or. by Our uoverrjr.ent must be Jeliv-red to the ruling Prince- of Abys3inia, within six months after the date of signin*^. '13 I /' I Yi^ve the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant Jt€^ q)^ 7?^ American Consul-Genera] (On lecive). 1. w ? i'^i Tl^i^^ :n^ ■. / » %7"* "f¥ mmt^^ _. _ .^.4 mmmm rfy^Mdiiiii^iyiiiyiiittiiiiiteAii MIMiiii^MhiaitUlilHilll -^ , t / Ho» ibor If » 191 *>. John Q. Wood, Baqulro^ Aiiorif«\n Consul Oenorol at XAlm AlMtKi, Hov/ at ViXf YoPi City* iJirj 7i\e l>ei»;irti c^nt aokjioi/l icl^jes th« rooalpt of youp ooi c jiuniviatlon of the Sth Infitiuit ir^Npi ;«tlnt'; to !>o inforrii^d 01' tVio tatus of tho froaty txit tho United St it9« and Ethl pia, v/)u7 lint* In rciply thr> "loixij'ti ant infonas you that tha Bpitieh G<»v )3iTT*)nt having iLinclly consent ad to the delivery of the Pr^fjldei t»« notloo of ratifloxtlon ♦f tho Troaty and tho in itrupk^nt o ratirioi ion of the Troat|r by tli» Chaarg^^ i I iVlkWT^Mmm at Adls Ababa, xhQitm djownmtn ^Mnt to tho /u.urio ui Alb 1 8 aid or at Loiidon on Ootol^er ??--th 1 lat. A noto fl"a. tho ijrit.taJi Foreign OfTloo to tho Aiit>a(i»^MU> r statoo that tho notiflo itlon of tJio Preaidont** ratillo ition and tlia xji itrun* jnt o: ratlfiaitlon woro tp iniii;iii tad to tho British Chiirsd d'Aff^^Lr^o at Adlo Ababtt on Movomnor X5th for deli 'ory to tho Abyooinian Oov-irrriflnt, I IV V. Sir YoiJp a adiaiit ooarrant ror tho Sooroimry of statof 4^ « 7 ^/^ „'»b /■' A Uw* --^^^ f >: ne cv .» '^ / ' X 'n \^ a • -tiATIONAL ARCHIVES .^ '''^'-■:' ^Umf'^:^ ■ H .' American Em London No. 694. Depember 29, 1914. / r . ^ ■1-9-1^., t I -* > t I (1 l< -5 ■] ■ The Honorable, rhe Secret ^^y of State, Q 4 r " O X 1 I i /■ With reference to the Departirent ' 6 Indtruct ions, !Tq, 337 of Ootober the 27th. last, I have the honor to transmit herev^-ith eacloaei a copy of a Note I have ';.;-• \ •' — r"T^*?» *? — ■ . - • ■-♦—■?▼ . V** received froir- the Foreign Office informing me that the instrument of ratification of the corrrerci il treaty 'i bet/icen the United States and Abyseinia, together ^Ith tlie rreaidcnt^s letter, were handed to Lij Yasu on the 20th. instant by the i3riti3h ChaXge d' Affair eaf* at Adis Abeba. ♦ -w > I haV5^the honor to be. "^bir,- I "^ Vi/ t M l^ aivQ KU H . ^^tki /*T>wlG^vad^ r ^ ;.. i. .. ^ ' Your obedient S^^rvant, Encloi^ure : - Coi^y of Ncte fro. tiir E.Grey ,da' ed Jeo.33,lS14 ^ «• / •"^ .^ .'Y'WHMMMKWr'nmN } •4f : 0.85339A4. FumiGU OFFIOii, MC6D(ber a^rd, 1914. Your Kxeelleiicy:- Kitn reXerence to my nott of the I 3th ultlj:tO» 1 nave tiit uonour to etate tiiat f< r«t>ort has been received iron his Uajeaty'e Chart^i d'AXfaires at AdlB Abeba to the oXtect that tiie Instnjmeiit of rati XI cat! on oX tlie cdrimercial treaty between tn« United iitntes and Abyesinia, together with tne l-resident'e letter* were handed to Lij Yasu on the 2uth instaiit. X have the honour to be, with the hig^iest consideration. Your i:zcelXcncy*8 most obedient. His hixcellency The Honountble «. H. Page, UuDUdLt bervant. f f fhf " ■' ... • , {S.J' ■■ '^ P'l/rr .1. ac,^ (^,t AC. pf Stc'zJ. .A. / . *.• i u y •« * , y -1%. ^sm^ " T t f , , V A ^. ■ .'jk. ^ ^^•^miammfmmm mttfttimmtumm [^. , r ;•<••;* • V •- • No . 801 . American Embassy. lUBUKraK FE8 i; 1 London F • • B A" .^-C^^JdXj^y 27, 1S15. /k .r, OF ^5 >C»: 2C ^^Vf s -3- documentg, together with a copy of the covering note from ' . 1 ' the klnleter for Foreign Affairs and a cop* of the official « translation of the letter, which are also herewith enclosed^ •t. I have the honor to be, Sir, Tour obedient Servant, ^^i-^^i^OC^^^ ct^ 4 ' Encloexiree : - Copy of a Note fron: Sir E. Grey to Mr. Page, dated January 23, 1915. Acknowledgaent from H.R.H.LiJ Yaiau. Translation of same. Letter from Minister for Foreign Affairs. i' ^•■■■■^M ^%} '-A- rp .8061/1 5 r f i- ' » •r* % r> January S^ni. 1915. Your Excellency:- WlUi relerence to ray i-iote of December 33nl, I have the honour to tranuralt, herewiUi, the writttn 9 acknowlediTTient by Li J Yaeu of the receipt ot the autot^raph letter i^roia Uie President of the United States «i and or the Instnjinent of ratilication oX the Connierclal i Tre&ty hetween th^i United states and Abyssinia, together with a copy oX the caverin(5 note from the Minister for a" ''orelEH iVXXairb aiiu a copy oX tiic oXXicial translation of the letter. I have liie nonoiir to De, with the highest consideration. Vour c:xc3ileno/' e most oDedient, humble Gerviint, (For the Setf^eiary of Si'i .'cj. (Sfrr^y ^- J_ i>rrii/ \ His Kxctllency i: The Honourable / •• H. i'age, iJiC • p fjkC • p he. i t / _ • •.»,-•■ \ ^^ *'\W' • py, '( 8061 ) To HlB Excellency colonel Douc^ty Wylie, His Britannic Majesty's Cbarg^d'AIf aires. ATter Salutations. I beg you to be so kind as to forward to His * Excellency the President of the united States of America a letter from His Royal Highness *YASU* Heir Apparent of the Ethiopian Govemnent sealed by his own seed acknow«- 1 edging receipt of the Autograph letter of Woodrow Wilson President of the united States of America sealed by the seal of his own Government accepting and notifying the Coinaercial Treaty signed on 27th June 1914 between the Ethiopian Government and John C. Wood Plenipotentiary of the united States of America. Written Tehsass 17th 1907 (Abyssinian date) 26th December 1914. (European date) SIGNED. Ganiajmaz Bayina. Minister for Foreign Affairs. » •• V > ^^ .. >•. A.- / i ♦ '^ \ I isr ^"" •-•', ^ '♦V- .; /^* -^v'i^^ ^ • »»' y .\^» ■• 4'<. '( ».'. ■> ■*V. , • The Heir Apparent of the Ethiopian Government "Yasu* I- Descendant of Menellk the II King of Kings of Ethiopia. To His Excellency my great friend Woodrow Wilson. ,v President of the United States of America. After my respectful Greetings. ^.- 1 have the honour to Inform you that I have received through colonel Charles U. U, Dou^^ty Wylie, C.M.G., His Britannic Majesty's Chargi6 d* Affaires in Adls Abaha, Your Excellency's Autograph letter of notification, to- . gether with the Instrument of Ratification sealed with the seal of your Government infonnlng me of your ax:ceptance of the ComDercial Treaty which was signed on the 20th Ef' % fe 8ani 1906 (Abyssinian date) 27th June 1914 (European date) between the Ethiopian Government and the Plenipotentiary of the Uhited States of America. I pray from my heart to Almighty God for the prosperity of the United States of America and for your personal welfare. May God give you a long life. Written 15th Tehsass 1907 (Abyssinian date) Year of Grace Adis Ababa. 24th of December 1914 (European date) Adls Ababa. SEAL. The Heir Apparent of the Ethiopian Government ■Yasu*. Diiiecendant of Menellk the II King of Kings of Ethiopia. Official Translation by PH. 0. Zaphiro, AbysBlnlan Secretary to the British Legation Adls Ababa. Abyselnla, /./ -y ^ ' *\^f^ '\ */',*jgr "^^»^. Ho . c/-^ ■ 1)60 cab or 1, 1916. Tho Honora'ble y.'altcr Hinos Page, A'terloftn AmbtiBsador, London. Sir: The Depart '.'nt roc ivea , in da- oourae, your Ho. 801, \ of January 27, 1915, with vhlch, haTlrif^ ref -renoe to the Dopart;nent' o 1o, 3i57, of October 27, 1914, onclosing iin autogranh lot tor fro-a tho Prcjidant to His Royal HlgJmeaB Prlnco Lij Yacti i.nd of 'Jio in;tru*7iant of rutlfioation of the Concaerci^l Troaty bet>veon the United States and Atiys- Blnia, you nolosad opy o C a note rocoiyod from the Brltli'h ?oroi :n,.Of ^ice, tr admitting the wri'en aoknowle dg- n<^nt ^y LI J Yasu of the reo lx>t of the abore non tloned doon* nacr. te, 'o^^^tLor .,;th a oopy oT t*.^ JOTering note frcn th# Hiniviter for :^^or i^;n Affairs lu.., a ♦opy of the official trt. .jlutlon of the letter. You iiT^ iiiotru tea to rooueet that vja e:7q)ra88lon of the tr.aakB :jt the Govern at o ^ f V. r United States be oon- < » 1 f\ d to Cclonel ..'ylie. Hie -ajeaty's Charge d*Affalrea "t Adia Ababa, for his good offlcee In the matter. J5W, Sir, ^onr obedient a«r?ant. FRA <, T11.84E/14 "TSf Jv lle, British Charge d' Affaires, at Adis Ababa, stating tnat notice of the ratifi- " cation of the new treaty between the United States of America and Abyssinia which was negotiated and signed by me under a special commission from the . President, had been received by him on the 20th of December, 1914 and had been communicated to o. His Highness Prince Lidj Yassou, the present ruling /, ^♦ibkii*i^^'>*^'^* sovereign in Abyssinia, .-• -* I'wae naturally gratified to learn of this happy aal successful culmination of my efforts^ as > r •> X r I feared that, on account of war conditions, the I said notice would not reach Adis Ababa in time to ^-^ .. • • - ' » fulfill the condition in tiie treaty regarding notice of ratification to His said Highness. As i t was, only seven da/B reniained before the expiration of the six months specified in t}:e treaty. The instrument was signed and sealed on the 27th day of June, 1914, •V Inasmuch .,•5.. , « t ^ ■•> V -2- i Inasmuch as the function of negotiating treaties is rarelv ever entrusted to a consular official, uay I aek that an ackriowledg^ien t of tlie receipt of my report on the negotiation of said treaty dated the let of September 1914 and handed personally to the Honorable Secretary of State^ be sent :ne? I have already exprebsed my views on the advisability of continuing our Consulate-General at Adis Ababa in the interest of American trade. 'J7hile I believe that our trade would not be ma- terially increased by continuing our consular post, I am, nevertheless, strongly convinced that we should be represented, if at all, by a Minister Resident with a salary sufficient to keep up an establishment suc>i as tne other powers .maintain in Adis Ababa, We should never allow ourselves to suffer by comparison in such countries and I am confident that a proper diplomatic mission is tne best adver- tisement for the extension of American trade in Abyssinia . MJV 1^ I have the honor to be, Sir, J • File No. 6 ^^ /• Your obedient servant, A^ne/ican Consul, . i * ' r ..^^.^..i..^kjiit.^x^.-:a^,a!6. ,...^.^ ■ ...^ .. ■illAl^UMh..HMtt^ v ,.,^. ' . .w ^■.w..«^.A..AA,-h^iLjiL;t.vep''MfiieiU «»» ^"•^« *-» \ I have the honor to r quest that a copy be fonvarded to me of the existing treaty bet veen Abyssinia and the United states, which is und rstood to have been negotiated on the expiration of the original treaty of 1904.^ ^ I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, American Consul General. 9 / \ 020.RP3.BC » >< -'■■ . 1 Wi»ii » .'Mr— ■ ■ni.B •teMMMMHae i«i» w i it ii «M i ii Ml^g^iifcafc4 ^-^^nv'* • 4»»«»' » "'urn ''-••■■s"*^ ■■ ^t^^ * ▼..-•;■. .:•!■.. .... i'slt. •:/ • ^;' ... K-i J-. 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' -' .J; « * »^ «» nmrjudiai < t t 1 1 w / > ♦ * • •' . « < .;? « s->ai»jjf,sKT -^fjf ?.-.rit *• • ^^.^nM i^i» «trt« ^ r I hm9% turn V J •V. .• «. 5^-'^ 1 ■} %• r^kfVMt %1U% • ••if %• ftNMMr««A 4P< ¥ - i ' i %9 m •f tiM Miivtiat tv^^f 1»«t««w At9»lHiU «Ml «h« DBit«i St«tM, «llA«% !• IMto Wtfl %• lUMP* bMB M j — IM ti M Hi* Mq^ivatlM •# %to ml0mX tVM^ •£ UM* .»■% I lMf» «IM %• li«, Hm. wm M (^ » . . / J , v.- ;• A^ » , ♦ .' / .» > ■ ' V - . 0aO«IPl«B6 i ' t «« •<. • - » f m I • ■ i if . * * 4 ■'>'■ r V > -, . / 'V- > ^ .»*, - iiiii[-iiiiiiif -^^ • <► ' ■•r^^^■ v^u 1 i u . .V i" lit i'^o^ r • >--^ 4'' fi t f fromXj b»t^««tt 0|ii%«« 8t«t«« »bA Al>7«fUl|ji« ^- « 'm.-^-t..^ > -;> 19 ?f > . i^jt /I • lr!« I h«Tt Um h«fl«r !• r q««ct that « oopy %# fiirv«arA«4 to «• of tlM «Kt«tiB{ troaty ^«t«««ii ii^ytsUlia m^ t1i« f • ^\- ITBitoa .t»lt»8, «l)i«1l 1« «bM ritOBll to h«V« >>«0B IMfOtimtMl I •a tho oxpiTAtlon •/ tiM orlfiwil tr«otjr of ivf4« I harvo t3i<» hoatr to bo, air. Yovr o%)o41oat fl^rToat, ?• i£nii< *>* / ^;5 f'-^ r -I J^- ' f r 1 C^oso a1« / ■ .^ ^7 -> . •' \ ^•^, e m 0S0*K?3*BC V » ♦ J • Ai-: f ♦.• T#. * < Jul^- 20, 19 EO Ro« Robert '.. t>klnri«r, Require, ilnorloar. Coneul Goneral, london, Kngland, Sir: It; repl^ to your tmnumVer** deBi)»toh of Jtii.e 11th, reqiieBtlrp n copy of the OTiBtine Treaty betwe«r. tho United tr.tet.^ nr;d Abyet^ii.U, I bog to onoloee herewith a trr.rcorlpt of the Treaty U. question. I a-n. Sir, Yovr obedient eerTaiit, For the '..eoietury of it'te: ,V\LIUP J. C»^P^ ^ \ ^ ^ Er closure: Traneorlpt of Treaty between United : tct tee Abyeelr ■ A. 711.842/16 f. « ^ •\ ^ ^ \" a^ ^...v y. / z * -V r ' K. i^t; w tu v^V^ fv'VC cSU^AM S ^ M•sA^>^^*^ «r{ AwM^tAM tS^ 'f , V 3 ^ .1 -,y *. . /-' '^ ^ ' ^ \ < 1/ /i c ' •.* ^'% 4,- : / V .^" cS: 5i^tAi.'\ '^"^'^::' r /Alt 0(^/ -=» \ 4b. -C '■- I \ AiEERICAK CONSULAR SERVICE, ADIS ABABA, ABYSSINIA. \^' c-r^ OEP^ ^^ ! Waehington.D ,C ., Septemter 1 ,1914 Sub j ect: -Delivery of new Comercial Treaty between the United States of America and the Erapire of Ethiopia(AlDy8Binia) • b • } M TO THE HONORABLE THE SECREIARY Or STATE, WASHINGTON. "^•"v t \ J SEP - -i?*^. *^.-;'^ a\ C .o. Sir:- ^A .) CO I have the honor to hand you this day the new treaty "between the United States of America and the Empiie of Ethiopia(Aty8Binia), dated June 27, 1914, bearing the ' ^ - •' seal of Prince Lidj Yassou, succeBsor of I'enelik II, King 6f V\ Kings of Ethiopia and my own signature in pureuaince of I ^ te c authority vested in me by special appointment of the President of the United States of Amexi ca, dated January 1914. A report of the negotiation of said treaty and the signing thereof is herewith enclosed. V ^•-*^. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, tftL. ^* JhrvT^^ Enclosure as above. .^10. » «".. ».w AmeriQiin Coneul-General . (On leave ) . \ > ^^'r > 4>^«. X-m- Hill II i m ir \ *i i^ •», r y ,« J REPORT OH THE NEGOTIATION, CONCLUSION AND SIGNING OF COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERIi AND THE EICPIRE OF ETHIOPIA (ABYSSINIA ) • Referring to my dispatch regarding the negotiation d^ of a new treaty with the r\Ethiopian Bnpire.in which I expre4ii e* %the opinion that it would doubtless require considerable time, I desire to indicate some of the difficulties encounte ed and to briefly summar4ze the conditions now existing in Abyssinia that made my task exceptionally disagreeable and fraught with possibilities of failure • Its ultimate success was commentered upon by the British Consul at Adis Ababa as being a "decided triumph** and won the warm congratulations of the British Charge d * Affaires, Colonel Doughty Wylie^rho was strongly convinced that it was quite inqpossible to se- cure a treaty in such a short period of time without lib- erally compensating the Minister of Foreign Affairs. THE PRESENT ABYSSINIAL^ GOVERNKENT • Under the rule of Menelik II, whose death took place in December 1913, it was comparatively simple to negotiate a commercial treaty. He was the absolute dictator in all questions of foreign policy;he had no Council of Ministers \ to be considered and furthermorehe was favorable to the presence in his Kingdom of foreigners , giving many evidences of his friendship to them by way of gifts of land , concess- ions and appointments to import€uit positions in the Govern- ment* During the last years of his life, on account of sick- ness, regents carried on ^he government with the assisteuice of a Council of Ministers;in reality, however, these official were and are to-day mere servants of the regent • The present ruler is Prince Lidj Yassou, grandson of Menelik,a boy of eighteen and a half years of age, as yet the uncrowned Emperor but exercising all of the rights, c "^. . . .VJ .^m 111*' tmt . i ^ "J^- / »' ^ i.S ^ _\ - -1_ -^ _ _ ^ « ^ 't .9 c - 2 - dutlee and prlvilegee of that poBltlon;he has never been / educated for this task and epeake no language but Abyssinian* Apparently under no control he exercises no restraint over his licentious and bibulous habits, being encouraged therein by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who has won a strong position in the favor of the young Prince largely because of his refusal to check these unbridled passions* / The Minister of Foreigh Affairs is 42 years, is / uneducated , speaking no European language, but has the crafty ahd cunning nature of the Arab .He is also the Minister of Commerce thus controlling the axiministration of the Custorris in which he was an employee for several years and which he is now manipulating to his financial advantage; in fact this man dominates the Government , all the other Ministers being allowed to hold their offices by the sufferance of the Prince but shorn of all power. For the last two years this Minister has been the real ruler but he has incurred the en- mity of most all the important Chiefs; he has , however , the support of the Kuropean and Indian merchants located in the capital as they can bargain with him for advantages in trade, while other Abyssinian officials have the reputation of taking bribes without returing any compensattfcry favors, Ke has been so accustomed to receiving presents that it is common knowledge that one must first pay him liberally before anything can be accomplished with the Governnen-^ • He is cordially joined by his colleagues in poisoning tae mind of the Prince against all Europeans. It has , thereforei become rather difficult to secure an audience with his Royal Highness even for Linistere and Consular representa^v tives^as appointments easily made are freely broken by this unreliable ^ » » .• \ • 3 - unreliable, dishonest and grafting Minister, Under such conditions the small number of educated Ahyssinians are not favored by the present Government and in fact I know of a few who have refused to accept positions under the Prince on account of the immoral , unpricipled and ignorant group that at present surround the young Ruler. There is one exception in the person of the Minister of War, who is recognized by all as an honest man but unfortunately with- out any influence over the Prince. I , therf ore, soon realized after beginning my duties that it was absolutely necessary to win the good-will and friendship of Hie Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs ;but I also became aware in a short time that on account of the absence of substantial gifts to present him my task would be most dif f icult , requi ring great patience, tact and firmness. ^ CONFERENCES WITH MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. At my first interview with the Minister of Foreign Affairs I was given tVie impression that he was deeply gratL^ fied with the decision of our Government to send a repre- sentative to Abyssinia to succeed Minister Hoffman Philip. He stated that such a long time had elapsed since the death of the late Vice Consul-General Love he had feared that our GoverniTient had decided not to send another diplomatic official • He spoke of the trade between our countries and expressed the hope that it might be increaB4d;he also said that he would be pleased to have my advice on international questions that might arise when he learned that I was by profession a lawyer and observed that he felt confident of unbiased opinions on account of the fact that we had no political interests to serve. I stated that it would be a pleasure . •. r » ' •• ^ \ • u I • c- i < - i ( - 4 - pleasure to render him every possible assistance as far as my position permitted* I then arranged for a day when we c '\ could take up the discussion of a new treaty between our Governments* The Minister sAid that there would be no dif- ficulty in re-newing the old treaty. I sij^lained that the new treaty, which was desired, bore only a few changes from the old, due to changed conditions* He stated that it would only be necessary to speak to the Prince, observing, however, that if it were not absolutely necessary to sign the treaty at once, it would be better to delay for a month until His ft Royal Highness should be in a stronger position aa there existed considerable political unrest in his country* To this suggestion I readily agreed* Unfortunately I was stricken down with rheumatic fev- er three weeks after my arrival in Adis Ababa and was not able to resume the negotiations for three weeks* At the sec- ond interview His Excellency was unwell and requested a postponement , but he promised to procure the consent of the Prince and to notify me immediately* I waited in vain for R roramunication and after two weeks called again .His Ex- cellency was evidently not interested in the discussion of the treaty and finally stated that he was sorry to disap- point me as he realized that I was much interested in pro- curing a new treaty but he added that he was not convinced of the necessity of entering into any ndw treaty relations as our countries had always been at peace and he couldn't conceive of any questions arising that would necessitate the Invocation of treaty rights • ^^ though forewarned it was difficult to believe ^hat His Excellency was merely playing for the customary flcanoial compensation so frequently paid by concession hunters* I was aware that it was the first time he had treated with a foreign representative upon a subject ■nr**^*!"""'^ iMliliiiiiiiii iiiiiii iHfllMlMill i I ( - 5 - subject of such importance and had tjiven him credit for pos- sessing sufficient intelllgenoe to discriminate between a treaty and an ordinary rcon tract to plant coffee, dig gold or have the excluaive right to sell tobacco. Ultixoately it was aecesaary to illuminate hie point of view on tht'^ difference* ) I then Btated to him that he had led me to believe the V new treaty would be signed without hie opposition and that the Prince had already given his consent, that his change of attitude was incomprehensible • I then suggested for his con«- sideration the fact that all the other powers represented in Abyssinia had treaties with his Government and that a failui|£ to conclude and sign a new treaty would be construed as an unfriendly act by my Government. I explained that I did not believe he desired to convey such an impression and that I was sure that the Prince would not approve such a course wheit he understood the significance of the proposed treaty. I then requested an audience with His Royal Highness for the purpose of explaining why the treaty should be concluded. After a few moments of reflection the Minister said he would examine the treaty section by section and later discuss the matter with the Prince. The only objection he made was in regard to the term of ten years. He stated that it would be necessary to secure the approyal of all the Ministers on this point, otherwise the Prince would not sign. I told him that I should prefer to have all the Ministers give their cim.« sent before the Royal Seal should be affixed to the docu- ments and that I welcomed the opportunity of meeting the Council for an open discussion of the different articles in the treaty. ^ replied that it would not be necessary, but asked for a few days in which to examine the old treaty, promising to notify me when the signing would take place. place I i«t— MMfawai mmmmmmtrntmimmltm •« 4 "S^i ,iT -.!' iMMMMMMIIill i^rti i iif"'if-i I ^taMih^KrfbM - ■-— - ' ■ ^- - ^^^^^.^^^^umM^MMk^A.MJi.,M^.M,.^i^L^M^....^^' 4 a ( •i s- - 6 - place .Several days passed witout a word from His Excellene y / I Bought another interview and learned that the Min- ister had made no attempt to secure the old treaty from the * f archives of the Ministry of Finance. Fortunately I had in ^e the meantime discovered a copy of the treaty of 1904 and feave it to him to read. I told him of my desire to leave for a vacation in the early part of June in accordance with the advice of my physician and urged upon him the ad- visability of setting a day in which to finish the negot- iation of the treaty. He repli^ed that I should not worry as everything would be arranged to my satisfaction in a few days. Not receiving any word I decided to bring matters to a crisis by sending our interpreter to the Minister, re- questing a pass for myself and guard from the capital to the railroeid line as I contemplated departing as soon as possible. He sent word for me to come at once to his office and asked whether I was going on leave or whether I had been recalled by my Government. The reason of this request was evidently due to suspicion on his part because only a few weeks before the Russian Legation had made a demand for an apology on the part of the Minister of Justice, failing which the Minister had been notified the Charged' Affaires of the Legation would be recalled. I frankly told His Excellency that I was going on leave by permission of my Government , as I had been informed that a residence in Adis Ababa during the summer season would be dangerous to my health. He expressed a keen sense of relief at my ex- planation. I theqstated that I had hoped to have the satis- faction of taking back to America and presenting to the President a new treaty between our countries but that on account of the delay caused by him I should have to leave without it. He said that he could do nothing without the approval TT?1" /^ - mil .~^^k^t i'J' I ..M. .^.. m. ^,.- ^ T* '' jk c • 7 - approval of the Council of Ministers and promised to arrange a meeting at which I should e:)q)lain everything as I had to him. I thanked him for his courtesy and expressed my desire that the conference should take place at the very earliest date possible .Uy patience had heen pretty nearly exhausted hut I was coneolled with the thought that I could accomplish more with the Ministers as a body than with His Excellency the Mlnlater of Foreign Affaire in the absence of financial means to assist me .Naturally I was bitterly opposed to any such undignified course with His Excellency, MEETING WITH COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. I On June the 4th I rode to the Royal Palace with an escort of four guards and Mr.Tadla.a special Abyssinian interpreter* The Minister of Foreign Affairs welcomed me most cordially and presented me to his colleagues w-ith whom I shook hands • We then seated ourselves around a long table which was covered with green cloth. At the head of the table was a vacant chair occupied by the Prince when he at- tends a conference og the Ministers, which I am informed is not frequent* I was seated between the President of the Council, the Minister of War and the Minister of Foreigji Affairs • The interpreter stood at my left during the entire interview* I then addressed the Council on the subject of the proposed new treaty, pointing out the changes desired and explaining the r.easons therefor;! called to their at- tention the fact that our countries had always been at* peace, that all we desired was a simple commercial treaty with the same rights that were granted to other powers and that I could perceive no reason why they should not advise His Royal Highness to affix his Royal Seal to such a treaty. I spoke twenty-five ninutea . The Uinister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Interior were opposed to tfUfc. Jill M . • 4 •"tm • » ■ i'''^PW»W^WfFT*W^^^F|'*'**^''^*'"^"*^!" V ■••v ..'..»,:< r • 8 . to the tenn of ten years. They helieved that the new treaty would carry Jurladlotional rights under the most favored nation clause in Section III, even after the termi- nation of the French treaty in the year 1918 • I endeavored to prove that with the cessation of the French treaty all rights dependent upon it must of necessity terminate* It seemed quite im^fossible to convince these suspicious and ignorant people. One asked the interpreter if there were any hidden political motive back of this treaty, at the same time cautioning him not to tell me as I might he of- fended • The conference was conducted in a dignified man- ner and was quite impressive. The President then informed me that it would he necessary to have a secret session and that I would be informed of its deliberation. After shaking hands with each Minister, I was escorted to the court-yard by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He asked if I would ab- solutely refuse to sign for a term of four ysars . I replied that I had no authority and that it would be necessary to communicate with my Cjovernment for instructions. I couldnH help but feel at a great disadvantage in not speaking the Abyssinian language but I learned that not one of the foreign representatives in Adis Ababa speaks the language. AUDIENCE WITH PRINCE LID J YA8S0U. On the 6th of Jtne the Minister of Foreign Affairs >» sent word by our interpreter that the Prince would receive me at his private residence at 4 P;M. Upon my arrival I was received immediately by His Royal Highness. He was seated upon a sofa but came forward ajid shook hands upon my approach. He wore a pajama suit of white cotton with a black silk bernous reaching his knees. He was in his bare feet and wore no head-dress .We seated ourselves, fol- followed 1 1 . J.-4. . t^: / V *T \ »▼> V > > ■* f*. i -f - 9 - followed by the Uinieter of Poreigp Affairs upon receiving permission from His Royal Highness. My Interpreter remained standing during the interview. The Minister of Foreign Affair^ SI apoke for the Prince and asked me to cable the President ff requesting as a special favor that the time of the treaty be changed to four instead of ten years. We discussed the i treaty but I detected no intelligent comprehension on the ^art of the Prince until I stated that I had already cabled my Government and that I felt certain that our President would grant the Princess request. He then smiled and ex- pressed his thanks. The Minister then spoke practically as follows: -You have satisfactorily explained to me that the consular Jurisdiction based upon the most favored clause in Article III of the treaty will cease upon the expiration of the French treaty. Some of the other Ministers do not un- derstand it, but I do. The real reason why I now desire four instead of ten years is that our Government may be in a position to refuse other countries that desire to renew thetr tiJ^eatiee for a period of ten years. We have no objection to signing a treaty with you for ten years except for this reason; should the Prince sign your treaty for ten years he could not refuse other Powers. We desire to end all consular jurisdiction in four years and the Prince will greatly ap- preciate the assistance your President may give him. He has had much trouble with the British, French and Italian Govern- ments on account of consular jurisdiction granted in the French treaty and we hope to come to some amicable settle^, ment in 1918." I replied that I understood the difficuties of the Abyss inian Government an A that my Government would never seek to add to its troubles; that our countries had nev-» er had any friction and that I felt confident that such a proof ,v i.lM*b. »Tr i iaiiMiMiiiiiiihlit'ii'illli mi ■ .. •■ ^..— ^... ..-. -m — .■■.^.| ^ **■ -mmg-,^ _ijg* IdianaMiMaa^llilMiAlMHia ^t^mm^amitammtlitttitl^tdm^ •T -J c - 10 - of friendBhip in the granting of the special favor request- ed by the Prinoe would be instrumental in promoting the cordial relations between the United States and the Snpire of Ethippia during the reign of His Royal Highness. The Prince was very cordial when shaking hands and thanked me again. Inasmuch as the Department's reply to my cable was in cipher,! was unable to read it in the absence of a Code at the Consulate-General • Later I requested the British LegaV tion to transmit a message in code to the Department through its Embassy at Washington and received a reply on. the 20th of: June , authorizing me to change the period of the treaty ftom ••ten^ to "f our^years, with instructions to insert, if possible, an automatic clause for the continuance of the treaty for periods of •ten^years in the absence of official notice on the part of either of the contracting parties of their determination to terminate the treaty, sent one year before the expiration of said treaty. I at once communicated the. substance of the cable to the Minister of Foreign Affairs through our interpreter and received from him the following message:"! am very glad to hear the good news and e^qpress my many thanks for the trouble you hare teJcen to prolong the friendship between America and Abyssinia. When you desire the treaty to be signM let me know and I will appoint a day." DIPLOUATIC INCIDBHT AHD APOLOGY BY THB MINI STIR OF PORBION AFFAIRS, His Excellenoy the Minister of Foreign Affairs was well aware that I desired to leave Adis Ababa at the earlest op* portunlty but he took no steps to assist me;on the contrary he was seeking in every possible manner to delifeat my efforts ♦ ■ to secure the new treaty with his country. On the 23rd of J\me ■AiyUiMtai^Mllkiillh I II II —iMimi II III a ^ ^ ( • 11 • June I again called upon His Excellency and urged him to fix a time when we could sign the treaty* He replied that it wouH he either on the 24th or the 25th of the month. I received word from our interpreter that the teraty would he signed and sealed at 10 o ^ clock, a?B., on the 25th in the presence of all the Ministers of the Council. Accordingly I rode to the ap-* pointed place, near the residence of the Minister of Var and found all of the Ministers present except His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs. I waited for over an hour and then addressed the Council. I stated that I had come there by appointment made hy the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the purpose of completing the negotiations of the new treaty. I pointed out to them that their absent colleague did not appear to appreciate that he was dealing with a representatiye of the President nof the United States of America; that he was evidently not aware of his responsibilities and that I consid- ered his absence, especially without sending any reason for it, to be a direct affront to my Government and I also added that His Excellency did not seem to have much respect for his col- leagues . The President of the Council said that he was sorry the Minister was not present and hoped I would not be angry with them. I hastily observed that my remarks did not apply to €uiy of the Ministers present but on the contrary I desired to express my appreciation at their presence and unfailing courtesy in all of my relations with them. I explained that it would be necessary to inform my Government of this incident and that I couldn't continue to remain accredited to their country in the absence of proper respect shown my position. The President requested twenty»four hours in which to make proper amends. stating that this was not the first time His Excellency had failed to keep his appointments with them on official business and that they did not seek to oond one his offence . I told him that I would wait 24 hours before taking 1. "^- ^1^ IMiHMil V > -< . 12 - taking 8tep« to aasert the dignity and rights of my offioe.I ( then retired after shaking hand cordially with each Minister I decided that it was necessary to have an audience with the Prince and explain to him the gravity of His Excel- Icncy^s offence •Accordingly my interpreter was sent in ad- vance to arrange an interview and I followed with my guards* When about half way to the residence of the Prince I noticed a large cavalcade and upon drawing near observed His Excel* lency in the centre surrounded by his servants, soldiers and concession hunters. In fact he is always accompanied by such an escort and most of his business with concession hunters is done on the road in informal conversations. I rode to the left of the center of the road. His Excellency left the escort and approached apparently disturbed. I saluted him not at all cor- dially and immediately demanded an explanation of his failure to keep the morning^s appointment. I asked him if he knew that he was dealing with a representative of the President of the United States of America upon a matter that required serious consideration. I stated that his conduct was inexplicable and that I couldn't but regard it as insulting to the dignity of my position. I waited a moment for his reply. He said that he had been unable to find the Keeper of the Royal Seal and so thought it was useless to come to the meeting as the treaty could not be sealed as promised.. He acknowledged that he was in the wrong in not sending notice to me and his colleagues. I have no doubt but what this explanation was a pure fabrica- tion, as I had received infozTJoation that His Sxc^llenoy had spent the night with the Prince in debauchery and I believe that he had forgotten all about the appointment until my in- terpreter met him* I then said to him that this incident coi / could only be closed in one way, viz ., that he must come at 3.00 WMMIfPiilMPP"^ A «.% t , .A. MS, r % - 13 - 3 .00 p.m., to the Consulate Oenercd. and there make an appol otherwise I should be constrained to take the question u with His Royal Highness and my GoYernment and I expressed my opinion that the issue would not be very beneficial to him« He promised to come and said to the Interpreter: ^'For Ood*s sake, help me out of this difficulty;! did not mean any of- fence to the Consul-General •*• I took leave of His 2xoellency and returned to our residence • In the afternoon, pronqptly at 3«00 much to my surprise. the Uinister came to the Consulate- General with a large esoort which was left at the gate* His Excellency approached the house very slowly with down«cast hea4, evidently absorbed in thought* I met him at the door and escorted him to the reception hall* I then waited for him to speak* He then made a dignified and appropriate apology 1 and expressed the hope that I would not bear any malice toward ' him. I assured him that the Incident was closed and commended . hl9 spirit In settling the matter so quickly *We shook hands and he appeared to be greatly relieved* I was greatly pleased with the successfllil outcome of my demand and felt that I would have no more trouble with His Excellency* It was agreed that the treaty should be signed at a meeting of ^he Council of « Ministers on the Q6th of June at 10*00 a«m*,in a tent near the residence of the Uinister of War* MEETIHa WITH THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. Promptly at t«n o'clock on the 26th of June I met the Council of Ministers* It is to be noted that It is not customary in Abyssinia for the Ruler to sign his nam* to a treaty or other official document* The Royal Seal is affixed by the Keeper of the Royal Seal upon th* *xpresf and direct order of His Royal Hi^ness. A failure in the performance of his * ail I I Mr * mmmtm-'— - — _«.«v*A««^ui^»tfMriAh>^ ■ ■ ■ ■■ — i — ■ ■■ ■ A. A ■ w ( - 14 - hie duty brings the penalty of death to the Keeper of the Royd. Seal. I produced the two copies of the proposed treaty, writ ten in Amharic and Xnglish, side by side, the Abyselnian text oomlng first in the oopy 0or the Abyseinian Government and the English text first in the oopy for our Govemmenf • The Minister of Finance read aloud the entire treaty, article by article, to which the Ministers gave a most atten- tive and respectful hearing* He then began an attack upo|i the automatic clause in Art eVI , whereby the treaty would continue for a period of ten years in the absence of official notice of the intention to terminate the treaty, sent one year before the expiration of the proposed treaty in four years* He con- tended for a four-year treaty, absolute and unconditional • .He pointed out that after two years the automatic clause would be forgotten and no notice would be sent • The Minister of Foreign Affairs replied that the foregoing remarks reflected upon his personal ability and integrity to guard the treaty ri^ts of his country;he added that he would have His Excellency the Minister of Finance know this was a matter for the Foreign Department, which he was capable of conducting without any as- sistance .There was an ominous silence #The enmity between these liinisters is of common knowledge* Fortunately there was this friction, otherwise I believe it would have been necessary to have stricken out the said automatic clause* AHT.VII. Two of the Ministers objected to the term of one year In which to give notice of ratification to His Royal Highness. I am informed by our Interpreter that the Amharic text of our former treaty read**slx months "while In the French text It was "one year" .This an e^qplanatlon wh;- one of the Ministers held out fo« "six months". The other Minister, however, said that If the treaty were not ratified for a year It would mean that the four-year treaty practically continued flTs years, thus extending a year beyond the time for the ter- i^» > t ■ I ii«t ^'M . * Tt, » * ( . IB • termination of the French treaty •! attempted to show that the period of one year was a provision for an emergency and that my Ooremment would ratify the treaty at the earliest opportun- ity* I stated that I couldnH believe the Uinisters would l^v any stress upon such an immaterial point, especially after the President had granted them a favor by changing the term of the treaty to ••f our"years • These Ministers could not be changed and as I desired unanimous vote on the treaty I consented to the term of six months, believing that there would be no difficulty in getting notice to His Royal Highness within that period of time. It was , therefore, necessary to re-write the texts of the treaties. \ I told the Uinisters that I had come to the meeting, confident that the treaty would be signed and sealed on this day. I stated that I had mad^ all arrangements for my departure on the following day, that my caravan was waiting and that it would be a great inconvenience if I should be compelled to re- main any longer. They all exclaimed: •• Come tomorrow morning at 8 ♦00 o'clock and the treaty will be signed .You can then pro- ceed at once on your journey; come dressed for the trip on your mule^'t I replied that I should take them at their word. I then thanked them for their courteey and expressed the hope and con- fidence that the new treaty aiflM bring with it an increased trade between our countries* and a re-newed continuance of our cordial relations. SIGNING AND SCALING OF THE TRKATYe The summer rains had already commenced and I feared that my delay might bring on again an attack of rheumatism with serious consequences, but I was determined not to leave without this treaty, signed and sealed. During the entire night of the 26th, the rain fell incessaintly I /i iiiiiiiiiMiiitiiiiiii "■ i I Amnyiiii iiit-*"*'"'^ —'" i iiii emiiiiilri^iifi TF^^r^'T*^'^ ' • i"»^"^^iT»»-^ ( - 16 - incessantly. On the following day, therefore. the roads were in a very bad state and the streams were swollen* It was nec- essary to ride two hours in a heavy rain, to cross several trooks and ford three steams, to climb four hilks before reach- ing the home of the President of the Council, where it was arranged the treaty should he elgned and sealed « Upon my arrival at 8:15 in the morning of the 27th of June, I was met by Mr .Leon Chefneux,a Frenchman who has been connected with the Abyssinian for many years. I believe he was of considerable assistance to Consul^Oeneral Skinner in the negotiation of our first treaty with the Ethippian Etapireelt is a pleasure to acknowledge my appreciation of his val- uable encouragement and suggestions at times when I believed it useless to continue negotiations with such a man as the llinister of foreign Affairs. The Minister of War was awaiting me, seated on a raised platform covered with rugs, in a very large, high-posted build- ing containing only one room. It was the place irtiere he dis- pensed justice. One felt as if being in a sanctuary; the light was dim and there was a chill in the air, -some glowing wood- coals in a brazier in the center of the room gave out a little warmth* I talked with His Excellency, while aweiiting the ar- rival of the Minister of Foreign Affaire with the Keeper M the Royal Seal. An hour passed and he did not come. I sent my interpreter to the residence of the Prince with instructions not to return unless he brought the Minister. In an hour the Minister arrived but made no comment upon his lateness. I said nothing to him but told the interpreter to look for the Keep- er of the Royal Seal. I felt that something was about to hap- pen to again delay the signing of the treaty. In a half hour the interpreter returned with the Keeper of the Royal Seal. He I • ^ ■* ■*■ ■• •^"m-'-mmmmmm'' V i f iif " = ■% "• i w. _^.k. ■A « I r - 17 . He reported that the Keeper of the Royal Seal informed him that the treaty would not be sealed except at the residence of Hifl Royal HighnesB.who had so ordered it»In the meantime the^Minister had called by appointment and was having a con- ference with the Ministers of War and Foreign Affairs. I waited several minutes, then sent my card rto the Minister of Foreign Affairs with a message to the effect that my appointment preceeded that of the French Minister and that if His Excellency did not at once return I should be compelled to return to my residence •• He broke off the conference with the French Minister and C€une to me • I sat ata table with pen in hand as if to sign the treaty. The old Keeper of th* Royal Seal beckoned the Minister of Foreign Affairs and spoke , a few minutes with him, evidently explAining that he could i not affix the Royal Seal except at the residence of the Prince. The I-linister was not all surprised and I have won- dered whether it was not a part of his plan to postpone again the signing with the hope that my patience would be ex- hausted and that I would depart without the treaty. The President was informed that the Prince desired that the Treaty be signed and sealed at his residence ;he at once gave bis approval. It was decided that we ride at once to the Hot Springs where His Royal Highness was then taOcing a cure. I had rather given up hope of securing the royal seal that day and was prepared to hear a new excuse for postponement. I was wet and covered with mud when we reached the group of buildings that served as the temporary residence of the Prince. A small bed-room was placed at my disposition where I might rest until the Prince could be seen; it had a small bed and one chair in it. Mr.Chefneux and my interpreter accompanied the Llinister of Foreign Affaire and the Keeper of the Royal Seal ,^ t. ^-- II ■ ii^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilfcihir^ ''- ^-'"--■■^*^ "^ .» M i t -^ > • . ( - 18 • Seal to the hou&*e of the Prince. He was at that time taking the cure and could not be disturbed. When he was able to re-* ceive them, he gave orders to the Keeper of his Royal Seal to affix it to the two copies of the treaty. This was carried out in the room where I had been waiting for an hour. I then signed the two documents and handed one to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. There were present His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Keeper of the Royal Seal ,Ur .Leon Chefneux who assisted the Keeper in making the inqpress of the Royal Seal on the treaties, Mr .T€Ulla, the interpreter and myself .The time was twenty minutes before one o'clock. The translation of the Amharic characters on the Royal Seal is as f ollows: YASSOU SON OF MENELIK II KING OF KINGS OF ETHIOPIA • The Minister of Foreign Affairs said that he hoped I was not angry at him for all the annoyances he had caused me. I replied that whatever feelings I had entertained during the negotiations , were now forgotten with the final completion of our work. I wished him a long and prosperous life. I re- quested him to express my sincere thanks to His Royal Highness for continuing our treaty relations, whicyi had been Initiated by the great Emperor Uenelik II, his grandfather and our for- raer President , Theodore Rosevelt. I asked him to also convey my regrets that His Royal Highness was not In good health, but that I hoped he would soon be well and have a long, happy and success ful reign In the Empire of Ethippia. We then shook hands most cordially and exchanged farewell greetings. BRINGING TREATY FROM ADIS ABABA TO WASHINGTON. I left Adis Ababa, eaJrJry in the morning of the 28th of June, having already cabled for instructions whether I should per- sonally "bring the treaty to Washington or mail it from Aden. Upon J> '. .. I ■ m" m I i ; >^\ Ijj ■/ ■ , r ■— -, ■ f^f^ .-.• «:. « > ^ • y % k - 19 - Upon my arrival at Aden I received the Department ' b cable to bring the treaty if I were coming direct to Washington. I took the first steamer for Naples, arriving there on the 21st of July. It was impossible to procure a sailing from Naples ^o New York so I bboked on a French steamer lo^ the c * first of August from Havre. On account of the European war this sailing was cancelled as well as that on the 4th of August to which I had been transferred. I then cabled the Department, off e/^ing my services in the war area and received instructions to remain in Paris attached to our Consulate-General. I was able to render consid- erable assistance to our Consul-General and to relieve over 100 Americans in procuring certain papers required by the police authorities. On the 14th of Auguot I handed the treaty to Mr .Herri ck, our Ambassador to France, with the request that / it be sent to the Department by the first Government pouch^Up to that time there had been no opportunity to mail the treaty. Fortunately being able to secure a passage on the Olympic and feeling that fty services were no longer needed at the Paris office,! suddenly left for London on the 15th of August. A cable was sent by the Embassy at London at my request to our * Ambassador in Paris, asking that the treaty be sent to London by a reliable messenger, if it had not already been mailed to the Department. It was sealed and delivered to Mr .Cornelius Vanderbilt , who brought it in person to the Embassy in London. It was delivered to me on the 21st of August. The treaty, there- fore has not been out of my possession since it was signed and sealed except for one week, August 14-21. Jofi>. O, Wo o ct \ Washi Sj^t&aA>eT 1,1914. "- Am e rluaiJ ^Ooy^tdTOene r c ^l * \ > (nn laavftj ■ * ' '■■'■> ' t rn tku < - -, „ ,,^ !> i Jt-Jk 1 I'l 11 Mini I'AiiiT •'mI. .VIi NATIONAL ARCHIVES I 4. %/ '~t\/LM ^ / H \^«t wv<.i^ ^>*v^^ > T^.K/iTY OF corji?:RCF.. 6f I'eaelik 11, Kinp o^ KirifS o^ Ktlilonir ani Die ITnited States of /^lerlca, hFvlap- agreed to re.fi.late the coiaaercial relations tet.veen the two countries and t^f> develon tlien. and render tlio'i ;:iOi'e and lore adv>.ntr.f eors to the tvo contract inf Powers: iliR Poyal Hirhness, Prince Lidj Yhssou in the name o^ the Rrrmire and John '^ . ;7ood, in the nf^ne of the Tniterl States of Aaerioi, have a^-reed and stipu- lated tli'.t wliich follows: /ij-tlcle I. The citi;iens of the two Powers, like the citizens 0"^ otlier countries, shfkll he ahl.i ^re^l;- to travel end to transact tu.siaesn throu-^hout the extent o "" the territories o"^ the tv;o contrpclinr Pow^^rs. # Article II. In order to -facilitate cciiercial relatione, the tv;o Clovernrients shall assure, throughout the extent o:^ their respective territories, the secr.rit • of those eng^i.g'ed in husines.s therein, ani o^ their r)rorert v» Article ITT. ?he two contracting Oovern-ients shr:'^'' - ?c i ^^rocally i grant to all citizens o^'' the United States of .•jnf=*rica f A to the citizens o^ Etliio^ia, all the adv^^nt'res which they shf^^'^ accord to the laost favore.l Power in respect to custois duties, imposts and jur i s i ict ion. Article IV. Thronphout the extent of the Ethiopian Rnniro, the citizenp o^ Ihe ''nitei Stat^^s of A-aerica shr.ll hfi.ve the us*^ of the tele-'ranhs. posts and all othero Means o ^'^ t r^ Jisno^tat ion u^^on the same terms as the r citizens o"'* Flthio^^i^ or o^ the most favored ore ipn Povver . Arti ) • In order to perrotuate aa 1 .:trenrthen the frienil"^ relations which e^'ist tetve' ^thior>ia ani the United States of /jnerica, the two Joveraaents apree to receive reciprocally, represent*. t ive3 acceptable to the two Governnents; Jiplor.iatic rer^r ^H^nt ' t 1 ven amolntel V.y either Gov-^^nnent who ar^ not ace ;^r.\t-{.le to the (iovernnent to vhic. they y,y^a f] - ^ ri ] iteA shall te rer^laced. Article VI. k / r . »« ^'<:i 1 { -fl ♦ ' ~r -».< -J N \ \ Article VI. v,^ 'Jixiis tr^.h^t^j shall coatiaii^ 0-^ four i^pitiTS after the date of uovernrneat of the United States, coat rfict lap parties, one year te that P'^riorl / noti^^ies of^lciallv terminate the trev^;', it shall r :^urther period o:^'' ted years; and unless notice is piv^n of ^''Ic ImI "^^ tract in^' Po'^vers, uu^ year hefore said periO'i . (kf 1' ' intention to Article VII. in force for a period its r:/ i '"i C£ tion ty the If neither o^ the fore the expir^'tion of its determination to emain in force for a so on thereafter y 1:;^ one o"^ the con- the expiration of ternl .* * i 3Fii\ treaty. i vrJ The ' ^seiit * '- ' \' shall t l:y the uovern. lent of tlie United ratification shf II te notifie' Prince Lid J Yassou, successor o Kinps of Kt 'iiopi i r/ithin the pe ilis Poyrl Hi^rhnes^ Prince of his Fmpire; an1 John ">. ;7ool powers, in ^he name of the Unit have sipned the riresent treaty, text, Anhrric and Pnflish and i ')one at \ 11 is - ^.hafca , this June, one thous^md nilie hundred y^^ar of our Lord. ake effect i^ r^t if led Ptftes, and if this to .:i:^ Poyal iliP'hness ^ Menelik II, Kinp of rlol of six raonths. Lldj Yassou In the name in virtue o-^ his fiill ed States of America, written In dourle n Identical terns, twenty sev nth day of and fourteen, in the i i ) s JOHN 'i. "00 i). YArnor f^oii o? KiJia 0? KiJia IIKJIELIK II, '' OF ETHIOPIA J^^jlt.'ii i.: -^1 t o ^ *5oT^t . R, T-m4.) h 1 I ' f < » *^- I '4 _r_ . .L.^^ 'A _ < 4 - ». * . - i : CO o TT ■p .. , i -'^ \ / 1 '^X. \- •r> YASSOU, Son of Honolik II King of ringe of Bthiopla, I I Ratified by U.S. Sonkto September 16, 1914. Ratified by President Wlleon September 19, 1914, handed Beoember Receipt aoJcnowledgeAby Abyeelnian Mlnleter for Foreign AffAirs 3>eoeaber £6, 1914, A '< All; », jr^r H- « ,» r^\ f. ATt, A 's^^rn. , AUG 9-1920 -mM tuTK 19 '^Q ^ug^ sX /e ^ Mio Axmixsi^x^ and ratified by you 3#ptsxBb« at It ••Mil take affect If Bnt 3f the Iftiited tstataa, %nd &hall be notified to Hie Royal •a^ stidceedor of L^^neltk lit within th^ r)oricKJ or* ulx monthB^" ei: on Teceaiber 20^ 1V14, within a4 In tfaB treaty t nnd the treaty h;\e beer \i\ effect sliio^^ that clay. It ho6 not, buwerert biieii heretofore ^>roolalJned , owlnp to the fact^ hb has been explained to *ne« that the notice of fulflllnant of the requirement nboTementioned ams InadTertently placed In t>ia °^ V The ?realdont, V 7he s/hlte Houee. !■ / / Alb^ W I This cQRcaarci^l treaty with thlopia^ viiiloh ^aa ttlgnad oxi Juna 7, 1914, and ratlfiedi by yoa japtembar 19, 1914, atlpui/^tac that It 'shall taiia afleot if raMi^iaa by tlw Cro-rariiaient of thy Unltad ;:itataa, siid that tMs ratification shall ba liotifled to His Royal £i^;hne&B .'rinca Lid J YaaaoUt successor of llaiielli^: II, 4-iii^ u* -iii^w ^I .A-iioi^ia '.ithiii tbtf ^ric^ ci* t>lx months* This aotiiicall>u v/%£ ^l^^-f^ OJ^ ^acoa^er 20, 1j14, ^ithiii V9'^^ h;ie been L effoct t^liic^. that day. It hat not, kuf^evart bo«n heretofora ^ ruolaiinad, owtn^ to tha fact, ae has baan exi^lainad to -na, that the notice of Ailf lllrjont of the requiremaiit abovaaentionad vms iJoadTartantly placed in t>ja fha PTf^s^dant, tiie liiultatioB specif lo e f^ 7bia /hita House. In tli6 Departsitnt^B filaa and bisrUd wltboat b^lng broui^t *I? %tm imowl^ga of the yropar off lce« It im»^ by aocldratt jutit been Ixrou^t to light* uihile^ as stated « the treaty has b#«& in eff#ct ainoe Daoembar 24^ 1914t It is thoaght that all f^nialitlee ahoald now be coa|)latad by ^ur proclaflatlon of It, IQ order that it may appear in the Statutes at lar/fe as a proclalBieu treaty # ^ o feithftdly yours t .H ^W^^^ ^^\ , ^ <\^^y^ ':nclo«iiir«] / As AbOT9» \ f STb UA5r ■J X r r J - 4 - •«.. The DepArtmeat eaolo*** h«r«with a copy of thm lagXlali truislatlOB of th« oonTaatlon for tb* uaifl- oatioB of certain rulea la ragard to oolllaloaa, algAad * on Saptai^ar 23, 1910, as publiabad in foreign Itolntioni of tka 0aite4 States. 1911, pago* 1^ •'^ folloviag. A eop7 of the reservations Ba4e hj tbe delegates of ths United States vken slgaiac this oonveatioa is also ea- I- closed. Theee reeervations are embodied ia thm report of the iaerioan delegatee puhliehed on pages 18 idsl 19 of foreign Relatioae of the United Statee, 1911. . Sire, Tour obedieat serTaat, for the Sesretary of State: Chief, Treaty Di Tie ion. Inclosuree: (1) Oopy of lateraatloaal QoaTeation for Unif ioatiott of Qertaia Rales with Bespssi ts Asslstaaes sad BalTafs at Sea. Treaty Series 576. (2) Oopy of latexaati oaal OoaTeatioa for the Saif isatioa of Oertaia Rules ia regard to Oollisiens. ( 3) copy M Reservatioaa aade hy Delegate of the Oaitad States vhsa Sigaiag th f^ L-jfA OoBTsatioa for the Oaifieatioa