rs. Merchants, Mechanics and HousewiTCS lH $ Trust & Savings OF CHAMPAIGN, ILU Capital UNDER STATE vaas M-.-U I I I ■ ■■ gT'teBNEW*’ 1 mrehi OTE^VSHl *^R£V1SC0 to DATE . ''.VfVERS’TYOF AT hv ® ^^3RARY - , ' ' ^ ^ f ' ■ I uLiij^K^ Facility JANUARY s M T W T F 8 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SI 22 28 24 85 26 27 88 29 80 31 FEBRUARY 1 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 MARCH 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 81 APRIL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY 8 M T W T P 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JUNE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 AUGUST 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 16 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 30 24 JS±. 25 26 27 28 29 SEPTEMBER 8 M T w T P 8 1 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 NOVEMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 DECEMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1914 cz\ A^^XO INDEX Acknowledgment of Deeds... 17 Amount of Seed Per Acre 12 Area of United States 43 Armed Strength of the World 64 Brick Required for Build- ings ..34 Cistern Capacity 7 Comparative Yield of Grains, Etc 7 Compound Interest Tables... 11 Consumption of Liquors. Etc 29 Corn Cribs, Capacity of 9 Cotton Crop of U. S 62 Dairy Products of U. S 28 Dairy, The 55 Denominations, Religious 42 Distances for Planting 13 Domestic Animals in U. S....21 Electoral Vote, The 49 Farming Facts 48 Farm Productions in U. S....59 Fisheries in U. S 47 Foreign Born Population. .. .18 Grain Statistics 60 Help in Case of Accidents. .. .31 Hog Products 60 Immigration Into U. S 47 Improving Butter 55 Income Tax 4 Index 1 Interest Laws 56 Lands, Public, in U. S 45 Largest Cities of the Earth.. 10 Largest Cities in U. S 58 Law of Contracts 29 Legal Don’ts 16 Legal Holidays 39 Legal Points 14 Manufacturers in U. S 57 Material and Labor 3 4 Measuring Timber 8 Memorable Dates 63 Metal Production 20 Mineral Products 24 Naturalization Laws 35 Number of Pounds to the Bushel 5 Paint Required 35 Parcels Post 2 Pasturing Hogs 50 Petroleum and Gas in U. S...48 Plants Per Acre 12 Percentage of Feed Units.... 25 Population of U. S 21 Postage Rates 32 Presidents of U. S 51 Principal Cereal Crops 22 Production of Coal in U. S..27 Promissory Notes & Checks 25 Religious Statistics 43 Result of Savings 6 Rotation of Crops 6 Rules for Compu-ting Inter- est 6 Salt Production in U. S 23 School and College Enroll- ment 13 Simple Interest Table 61 States Admitted to Union.... 46 Statistics of Wool 62 Sugar Production 25 Thirteen Original States 47 Time in Which Money Dou- bles 8 Tobacco, Production of 23 Useful Information 19 Wealth of Nations 11 Weather Bureau Forecasts. .54 Weighing Haystack 35 Weights and Measures 52 Wheat Prices Chicago Mar- ket 62 Published and For Sale By ITEMS OF INTEREST GO. ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI 2 ITEMS OF INTEREST Parcels Post Package Rates Size of Parcel Post Packages not to exceed in combined girth and height 72 inches. Effective January 1, 1914, limit of weight of packages increased to 50 pounds within the first and second zones and to 20 pounds within the remaining six zones. Rates. Local — 5c for first pound and Ic for each additional 2 pounds or fraction thereof. First and Second Zones — 5c for first pound and Ic for each addi- tional 1 pound or fraction. Third Zone — 6c for first pound and 2c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. Fourth Zone — 7c for first pound and 4c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. Fifth Zone — 8c for first pound and 6c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. Sixth Zone — 9c for first pound and 8c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. Seventh Zone — 11c for first pound and 10c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. Eighth Zone — 12c for first pound and 12c for each additional 1 pound or fraction. The primary fact of the Parcels Post is that the Postoffice De- partment undertakes to carry all packages offered to it in weight under 50 pounds for the first and second zones and under 20 pounds for the remaining zones, and less than 72 inches in girth and length — the size is determined by taking a string six feet long and passing it around the girth of the package and then lengthwise on top — at a special rate of postage, governed by the distance. There are nine sets of rates governed by weight— a local rate and eight zones. The local rate will most concern those making use of the Parcels Post, and it is designed to benefit chiefly local merchants and farmers, and, consequently, their customers. By this rate packages may be mailed within the local postoffice boundaries, including city and rural carrier routes, at the rate of 5 cents for the first pound and 1 cent for each additional 25 pounds. Thus a merchant can deliver to persons getting mail from his post- office cheaper than any other merchant, or a farmer can deliver eggs, butter, dressed poultry or vegetables or anything else that he may raise on his farm to persons living in the town of which his rural route is a part at a lower rate than a farmer living on a route that comes from a neighboring town. The basis of the rate making was reached by dividing the entire country into units as marked on ordinary maps by longitude and lati- tude lines, each unit being 30 minutes square, or practically 31 miles nprth and south by 27 miles east and west. There are about 3,500 of these units and all towns within each unit measure distances from the center of that unit. ITEMS OF INTEREST 3 “Perishable” Articles So Marked. Parcels containing perishable articles must be marked “Perish- able.” Articles likely to spoil within the time reasonably required for transportation and delivery must not be accepted for mailing. Butter, lard and perishable articles, such as fish, fresh meats, dressed fowls, vegetables, fruits, berries and articles of a similar na- ture which decay quickly, when so packed or wrapped as to prevent damage to other mail matter, will be accepted for local delivery either at the office of mailing or on any rural route starting therefrom. When inclosed in an inner cover and a strong outer cover of wood, metal, heavy corrugated pasteboard, or other suitable material, and wrapped so that nothing can escape from the package, they will be accepted for mailing to all offices within the first zone. Butter, lard or any admissible greasy or oily substance, when in- tended for delivery at offices beyond the first zone, must be packed in safe containers, so that nothing can escape. Vegetables and fruits which do not decay quickly will be accepted for mailing to any zone if packed so as to prevent damage to other mail matter. How to Ship Eggs. Eggs will be accepted for local delivery* when so packed in a basket or other container as to prevent damage to other mailing re- gardless of distance when each egg is wrapped separately and sur- rounded with excelsior, cotton or other suitable material and packed in a container made of double corrugated pasteboard, metal, wood or other suitable material in such manner as to place each egg on its end and to prevent them from striking together or against an outer cover of double corrugated pasteboard, metal, wood or other suitable material and wrapped so that nothing can escape from the package. All such parcels must be labelled “Eggs.” Seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions and plants will be permitted in the parcels post mails under regulations as to size and weight appli- cable to other parcels post packages, but at the rate of postage of 1 cent an ounce or fraction of an ounce for any domestic destination. Those weighing over four ounces are subject to the rates stated in the pound table. The new classification transfers bulbs from third class to parcels post matter. Otherwise nothing from the third class will be permitted in the parcels mail. Effective March 16, 1914, books will take the fol- lowing rate of postage: Weighing 8 ounces or less, Ic for each 2 ounces or fraction. Weighing over 8 ounces books will take the zone rate for merchandise. Farm and factory products other than those al- ready specified will be carried as parcels under regulations to be an- nounced. Merchandise weighing 4 ounces or under will take the rate of Ic per ounce. Weighing over 4 ounces merchandise will take the zone rate per pound or fraction. 4 ITEMS OF INTEREST The flat postage rate for all distances, to which the public has been accustomed, has no place in the parcels post system except for shipments of more than 1,800 miles, which will cost 12 cents a pound. For lesser distances each locality must figure out zones from the center of its own unit area. There will be the widest possible geo- graphical variations. The department will supply each parcel post- office in each of the fixed units with maps which in circles of red ink mark the zone boundaries of such unit. With the advent of parcels post all matter carried heretofore in the mails as fourth class will go as parcels, abandoning the old class designation. Such matter will not hereafter be received as registered mail, but it may be insured for safe delivery. Fourth class registered matter carried liability for $25. As parcels post matter it may be in- sured for $50. The change in law will not materially affect the cost to the shipper. Insurance will cost 10 cents to the $50 limit. THE INCOME TAX. On or before the first day of March, 1914, and the first day of March in each year thereafter a true and accurate return, under oath or affirmation, shall be made by each person of lawful age, subject to the tax imposed, and having a net income of $3,000 or over for the tax- able year, to the collector of internal revenue for the district in which such person resides or has his principal place of business, or, in the case of a person residing in a foreign country, in the place where his principal business is carried on within the United States, in such form as the commissioner of internal revenue, with the approval of the sec- retary of the treasury, shall prescribe, setting forth specifically the gross amount of income from all separate sources and from the total thereof, deducting the aggregate items or expenses and allowance au- thorized. The above-named act imposes a tax of 1 per centum (designated as the normal tax) on net incomes arising or accruing from all sources during the preceding calendar year to: (a) Every citizen of the United States, whether residing at home or abroad; and (b) Every person residing in the United States, though not a citizen thereof; and (c) From all property owned and from every business, trade or profession carried on in the United States by a person residing else- where. It also imposes an additional tax on all net incomes of individuals exceeding $20,000, as follows: ITEMS OF INTEREST 5 One per cent on incomes exceeding $20,000 and not exceeding $50,- 000 . Two per cent on incomes exceeding $50,000 and not exceeding $75,000. Three per cent on incomes exceeding $75,000 and not exceeding $ 100 , 000 . Four per cent on incomes exceeding $100,000 and not exceeding $250,000. Five per cent on incomes exceeding $250,000 and not exceeding $500,000. Six per cent on incomes exceeding $500,000. The net income shall consist of the total gains, profits and in- come derived from all sources. If, however, the normal tax has been deducted and withheld on any part of the income at the source, or if any part of the income is received as dividends upon the stock or from the net earnings of any corporation, etc., which is taxable upon its net income, such income shall be deducted from the individual’s total net income for the purpose of calculating the amount of income on which the individual is liable for the normal tax of 1 per cent. That, subject only to such exemptions and deductions as are al- lowed, the net income of a taxable person shall include gains, profits and income derived from salaries, wages or compensation for personal service of whatever kind and in whatever form paid, or from profes- sions, vocations, businesses, trade, commerce or sales, or dealings in property, whether real or personal, growing out of the ownership or use of or interest in real or personal property; also from interest, rent, dividends, securities, or the transaction of any lawful business carried on for gain or profit, or gains or profits and income derived from any source whatever, including the income from but not the value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise or descent; Pro- vided, That the proceeds of life insurance policies paid upon the death of the person insured or payments made by or credited to the insured on life insurance, endowment or annuity contracts, upon the return thereof to the insured at the maturity of the term mentioned in the contract, or upon surrender of contract, shall not be included as in- come. 6 ITEMS OF INTEREST ROTATION OF CROPS. Rotation of crops will* do more to keep away the pests that destroy your corn field than any other method now known. The loss from these causes each year are beyond belief, when a little care and effort would avoid the greater part of same. After the enemy has taken possession of the corn field we can do but little in the way of ridding the field of them, and it is the old quota- tion of prevention being better than a cure. Continuous cropping of the same thing year after year is contrary to common sense, and the practical farmers of today are learning the lesson. It means dependence upon one crop, poor soil and a poor condition of that soil, and consequently poor crops. Corn continuously grown on the same ground is almost always damaged by the corn root worm, and generally also by the corn root louse. Pasture and especially meadow ground,^ if left down for more than two years, becomes a veritable breeding ground for grubs, bill bugs, stalkborers, cut worms, wire worms, etc. Experiments show that as a rule there is little damage where crops are rotated as corn one year, oats one year, and clover one year, following again by com. Every rotation in the corn belt should have clover in it. RULES FOR COMPUTING INTEREST. At 2 per cent multiply the principal by the number of days to run to and divide by 180. 3 per cent multiply as above and divide by 120. 4 per cent multiply as above and divide by 90. 5 per cent multiply as above and divide by 72. 6 per cent multiply as above and divide by 60. 7 per cent multiply as above and divide by 51.43 8 per cent multiply as above and divide by 45. 9 per cent multiply as above and divide by 40. 10 per cent multiply as above and divide by 36 RESULTS OP SAVING SMALL AMOUNTS OP MONEY. The following shows how easy it is to accumu- late a fortune, provided proper steps are taken. The ITEMS OF INTEREST 7 table shows what would be the result at the end of fifty years by saving a certain amount each day and putting it at interest at the rate of 6 per cent: Daily savings. The result. One cent $ 950 Two cents 9,504 Twenty cents 19,006 Thirty cents 28,512 Forty cents 38,015 Fifty cents 47,520 Sixty cents 57,024 Seventy cents 66,528 Eighty cents 76,032 Ninety cents 85,537 One dollar 95,041 Five dollars 475,208 Nearly every person wastes enough in twenty or thirty years, which, if saved and carefully invested, would make a family quite independent; but the principle of small savings has been lost sight of in the general desire to become wealthy. COMPARATIVE YIELD OP VARIOUS GRAINS; VEGETABLES AND PRIDTS. Hops .... Lbs. per acre 442 Lbs. per acre Grass 7,000 Wheat . . . 1 260 Carrots . 6,800 Barley . . . 1 600 Potatoes . 7,500 Oats 1,840 Apples . 8,000 Peas 1 920 Turnips . 8,420 Beans 2 000 Clinque foil grass, . 9,600 Plums . . . 2,000 Vetches, green . . , . 9,800 Cherries . 2 000 Cabbage .10,900 Onions . . . 2 800 Parsnips .11,200 Hay 4 000 Mangel Wurzel . .22,000 Pears . . . . 5 000 CISTERN CAPACITY. A cistern ten feet in diameter and nine feet deep will hold 168 barrels. A cistern five feet in diameter will hold five and two-thirds barrels for every foot in depth. A cistern six feet in diameter will hold six and three-fourths barrels for every foot in depth. 8 ITEMS OF INTEREST A cistern eight feet in diameter will hold nearly twelve barrels for every foot in depth. A cistern'nine feet in diameter will hold fifteen and one-half barrels for every foot in depth. A cistern ten feet in diameter will hold eighteen and three-eighths barrels for every foot in depth. TIME AT WHICH MONEY DOUBLES AT INTEREST. Rate per cent. Simple Interest. Compound Interest. 10 . . . .10 years ... 7 years 100 days 9 ... .11 years 40 days . . . .. 8 years 16 days 8 ... . 12 V 2 years ... 9 years 2 days 7 ... .14 years 104 days . . ...10 years 89 days 6 . . . .16 years 8 months . . ...11 years 327 days 5 ... .20 years ...15 years 75 days 4 . .. .22 years 81 days... ...15 years 273 days '4 . . . .25 years ...17 years 246 days 31 / 2 ... .28 years 208 days . ...20 years 54 days 3 ... .33 years 4 months . ...23 years 164 days 21/2... .40 years ...28 years 26 days ,2 ... .50 years ..35 years 1 day TO MEASURE TIMBER. For five-inch multiply five-twelfths of the length by the width. For six-inch timber multiply one-half the length by the breadth. For seven-inch timben multiply seven-twelfths the length by the breadth. For eight-inch lumber multiply two-thirds the length by the breadth. For nine-inch lumber, multiply three-fourths the length by the breadth. For ten-inch lumber, multiply eleven-twelfths the length by the breadth. For twelve-inch lumber, multiply the length by the breadth. For battens, or two and a half inch plank mul- tiply five twenty-fourths the length by the breadth. P. S.The above rules give the contents in feet of board measure. CAPACITY OF CORN CRIBS (Height, 10 Feet). «. fc^t^asOrHWCO-^COOOOTti Ot^TjH(N03COCOOt>rH^'^ t>»t^000303OrHCOCOt^COOCO QOCOOOrtHC3'^OmOiHCCOC3rH rH^HrHT-HTHTHrHi— (rHiHiHCd 98 1 O 0,0 ooooooooo CO O'rJH OOCQCOOtJHOOCOtHO 05000rHiH(M(M(MCOTtHCO iHr—IrHiHTHTHt— IrHiHTHtH CO C0OT}HOC0iHt>(M00a5OCl>00000003a303a30tH(M 1— 1 f— 1 1— 1 TiH (M Ob-C0Ot:-C0Ot>C0b-OI>- r*iCr>Oi(M'^t^O(MLnOCOCO C0C0C0l>l>l>-00 00 C00303O r-l (M (N b-iHCOO'^03COOOC^?HOOO OOrHCOCOOOOCOmOOCOCX)^- ioocococot-i>i>t>ooooa3 O (M 22?SS®O(M3«>OrHC0Oa5 ?2i2*^0-TjH(MOOOCOCOiHC3THOiH (N'^COOOOiiHCOmcOOTtHrH tH C003'^OCOiHt>(M00b-t^l:-000003TH 2 -M be a o 2 ■M 1=========== 5 ce O ^ S M O ^ ^ ® ^ 9 S 2.S eS - oo J£ ^ r^S ^9 « ^ >ipE3 S w 2 pi? w a c3 cc ■" cS o> 00 ^ a M ^ tn 05 O c3 ps lie <1^ Jig in i^pQ ■' *a th 3 o M : c3 o oo ^ grc ^EHpS +j •rt d> p£h «H t)0 ,a>.S tiC fl * 03 SSS O) pd ^ "•i-s S-^'S bo ., P.*S .CD O «w PCJ p^ o ■o « S rj a> ^ s-^'g O -M O O 4J ^ ^ a -S ga^a "' M • S S-s ri Ja - ;S)t- g ;§) 2 bo'g *53 g § g iegCO'^ 5) Srti^^pS ^pg^ o-g^ ^'g'E 2pd ^2 « or ^1 S «3 ^ P^ ^ J3 .Sf a p2h2cq 0 10 ITEMS OF INTEREST LARGEST CITIES OF THE EARTH. Cities — Population London 6,581,372 New York 4,766,883 Paris 2,763,393 Chicago 2,185,283 Tokio, Japan 2,168,151 Vienna 2,085,888 Berlin 2,040,148 St. Petersburg 1,678,000 Canton 1,600,000 Pekin 1,600,000 Philadelphia 1,549,008 Moscow 1,359,254 Buenos Aju*es 1,246,532 Constantinople 1,125,000 Osaka 1,117,151 Calcutta 1,026,987 Shanghai 1,000,000 Rio de Janeiro 811,265 Hamburg 802,793 Bombay 776,006 Warsaw 756,426 Glasgow 735,906 Buda-Pesth 732,322 Liverpool 702,247 St. Louis 687,029 Boston 670,585 Cairo, Egypt 654,476 Brussels 612,401 Manchester, England 606,751 Bangkok 600,000 Munich 595,053 Leipzig 585,743 Naples 563,541 Cleveland 560,663 Baltimore 558,483 Amsterdam 557,614 Madrid 539,835 Pittsburgh 533,905 Barcelona 533,090 Birmingham, England 522,182 Marseilles 517,498 Dresden 516,996 ITEMS OF INTEREST 11 Madras 509,346 Melborne 496,079 Milan 491,460 Sydney 481,830 Copenhagen 476,806 Lyons 472,114 Breslau 470,904 Detroit 465,766 WEALTH OF NATIONS. These are the latest estimates: United States $125,000,000,000 Great Britain and Ireland 70,000,000,000 France 45,000,000,000 Germany 45,500,000,000 Russia 35,000,000,000 Austria-Hungary 20,000,000,000 Italy $ 15,000,000,000 Belgium 7,000,000,000 Spain 5,400,000,000 Netherlands 5,000,000,000 Portugal 2,500,000,000 Switzerland 2,400,000,000 COMPOUND INTEREST TABLE. Compound interest on $1 for 100 years. >anount. .71 Years. ...100 . Per Cent. 1 ... Accumulation. . ..$ 2.70,5 1 ...100 . 2 ... 7.24,5 1 ...100 . . . . .V 21/2. . . 11.81,4 1 ...100 . 3 ... 19.21,8 1 ...100 . 3V2... 31.19,1 1 ...100 . 4 ... 50.50,4 1 ...100 . 41 / 2 ... 81.58,9 1 ...100 . 5 ... 131.50,1 1 ...100 . 6 ... 339.30,5 1 . . . 100 . 7 ... 867.72,1 1 . . . 100 . 8 ... 2,199.78,4 1 ...100 . 9 ... 5,529,04,4 1 ...100 . 10 ... 13,780.66, 1 . . . 100 . 11 ... 34,064.34,6 1 . . . 100 . 12 ... 83,521.82,7 1 . . . 100 . 15 ... 1,174,302.40, 1 . . . 100 . 18 ... 15,424,106.40, 1 ...100 . 24 ... . .. 2,198,720,200.00, 12 ITEMS OF INTEREST NUMBER OF SHRUBS OR PLANTS FOR AN ACRE. Diat. Apart No. Plants P Diet. Apart No. Plants 3 x3 inches 696,960 6 x6 feet 1 1,210 4 x4 inches 392,040 61/2x61/2 feet 1 1,031 6 x6 inches 174,240 7 x7 feet 1 881 9 x9 inches 77,440 8 x8 feet 1 680 1 xl foot 43,560 9 x9 feet 1 537 ivoxiy. feet 19,360 10 xlO feet 1 435 2 xl feet 21,780 11 xll feet 1 360 2 x2 feet 10,890 12 xl2 feet 1 302 W2^V2 feet 6,960 13 xl3 feet 1 257 3 xl foot 14,620 14 xl4 feet 1 222 3 x2 feet 7,260 15 xl5 feet 1 193 3 x3 feet 4,840 16 xl6 feet 1 170 3V2X3V2 feet 3,555 I6I/2XI61/2 feet 160 4 xl feet 10,890 17 xl7 feet 150 4 x2 feet 5,445 18 xl8 feet 134 4 x3 feet 3,630 19 xl9 feet 120 4 x4 feet 2,722 20 x20 feet 108 41/2x41/2 feet 2,151 25 x25 feet 69 5 xl feet 3,712 30 x30 feet 48 5 x2 feet 4,356 33 x33 feet 40 5 x3 feet 2,904 40 x40 feet 27 5 x4 feet 2,178 50 x50 feet 17 5 x5 feet 1,742 60 x60 feet 12 51 / 2 x 5 % feet 1,417 66 x66 feet 10 AMOUNT OF SEED REQUIRED PER ACRE. Following is the quantity of seed of various kinds required to plant an acre; 20 quarts beans, pole, lima, 4x4 feet; 10 quarts beans, Carolina, pro- lific, 4x3 feet; 10 quarts corn, sugar; 8 quarts corn, field; 20 quarts flax, broadcast; 6 quarts timothy, with clover; 10 quarts timothy, without clover; 25 quarts orchard grass; 28 quarts blue grass; 8,000 asparagus plants, 4x1 feet; 25,000 celery plants, 4x% feet; 3,800 tomato plants; 2^2 bushels of bar- ley; 1% bushels of bush beans in drills 2% feet apart; 1% to two bushels of peas; 8 bushels of po- tatoes; 1% bushels of rye, drilled; 1^ bushels of wheat, in drills; 9 pounds of beets, drilled; 12 pounds of broom corn, drilled; 16 pounds of red ITEMS OF INTEREST 13 clover; 12 pounds of red clover, with timothy; 35 pounds of lawn grass; 50 pounds of onions in beds for sets ; 7 pounds of onions in rows for large bulbs ; 3 pounds of turnips, broadcast. SUITABLE DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. Apples — Standard 25 to 35 feet apart each way Apples — Dwarf (bushes) 10 feet apart each way Pears — Standard 16 to 20 feet apart each way Pears — Dwarf 10 feet apart each way Cherries — Standard .... 18 to 20 feet apart each way Cherries — Dukes and Morrellos 16 to 18 feet apart each way Plums — Standard ...... 16 to 20 feet apart each way Peaches 16 to 18 feet apart each way Apricots 16 to 18 feet apart each way Nectarines 16 to 18 feet apart each way Quinces 10 to 12 feet apart each way Currants 3 to 4 feet apart each way Gooseberries 3 to 4 feet apart each way Raspberries ; . . 3 to 5 feet apart each way Blackberries 6 to 7 feet apart each way Grapes 8 to 12 feet apart each way To estimate the number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance, multiply the dis- tance between the rows by the distance between the plants, which will give the number of square feet allotted to each plant, and divide the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by this number. The quotient will be the number of plants required. SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ENROLLMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. Elementary (primary and grammar) 17,800,000 Secondary (high schools and academies) . 1,034,827 Universities and colleges 183,344 Professional schools 65,783 Normal schools 82,288 City evening schools 379,052 Business schools 146,288 Reform schools 39,877 Schools for deaf 12,771 Schools for blind 4,413 Schools for feeble-minded 18,476 14 ITEMS OF INTEREST Government Indian schools 31,463 Alaska schools, supported by gov 3,738 Alaska schools, supported by inc. mun 4,500 Orphan asylums and other benevolent in- stitutions 15,000 Private kindergartens 106,000 Miscellaneous (art, music, etc.) 50,000 Total for United States 19,977,820 LEGAL POINTS OF GENERAL INTEREST. Does the dating of commercial paper on Sun- day affect its validity in any state? Ans. : Dating of commercial paper on Sunday does not affect its validity; the time of delivery of paper is when the instrument takes effect, and it may take effect as of a previous day, which may be Sunday. If delivered on Sunday, whether dated on such day or not, only in states where statutes pro- hibit making of contracts on Sunday, the instrument' is void in hands of holders with knowledge; with- out such statute contract is enforcable, as at com- mon law contracts so made were valid. However, it is always best so to make contracts that no ques- tion may be raised. What are damages on dishonored bills of ex- change in different states? Ans. : General rule is that holder of foreign bill may recover amount of bill, except in states where rule is modified by statute, viz.: Alabama, 5 per cent; Arkansas, 10 per cent per annum; Colorado, 10 per cent; Florida, 5 per cent; Idaho, various; Oklahoma, 10 per cent per annum; Kansas, 6 per cent; Kentucky, 10 per cent per annum; Massa- chusetts, various; Michigan, 3, 5 or 10 per cent; Mississippi, 5 per cent and interest; Missouri, 4 per cent on inland and 10 and 20 per cent on foreign; North Dakota, various; South Carolina, 10 and 12% per cent or 15 per cent ; South Dakota, various ; Texas, 10 per cent; Virginia, 3 or 10 per cent; West Virginia, same as Virginia; Wisconsin, 5 per cent. When is protest proper? Ans. : Foreign bills must be protested in case of dishonor by non-acceptance as well as by non-pay- ment ; in order to charge drawer and endorsers. In ITEMS OF INTEREST 15 New Jersey inland bills must also be protested, and in South Carolina inland bills for $100 or more ; oth- erwise inland bills need not be protested, but may be; general safe practice is to protest all bills. A bill is foreign if drawn in one state and payable in another state or nation; it is an inland bill only if drawn and payable in the same state. • What rule governs paper made payable to fic- titious payees? Ans. : Paper made payable to a fictitious or non-existing person is payable to bearer, if fact was known to person so making paper. In what states does (1) clause for payment of attorney fee for collecting defaulted paper or (2) clause waiving statutory exemptions invalidate commercial paper? Ans.: In following states clauses are allowed, viz. : Alabama, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. In Florida attorney fee clause allowed, but exemption clause is not. In the following states clauses are expressly prohibited, viz. : California, Missouri, Navada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma and South Dakota. In other states clauses affect negotiability, and such paper should not be accepted. State concisely liability of endorsers under dif- ferent circumstances. Every general endorser, as well as endorser with- out recourse, warrants to all subsequent holders of a bill in due course (1) that instrument is genu- ine and what it purports to be (2) that he has good title (3) that all prior parties had capacity to con- tract (4) that he has no knowledge of any fact which would impair its validity and (5) that at time of endorsement instrument is valid. In addi- tion general endorser engages (a) that on due pre- sentment bill shall be accepted or paid, or both, as case may be, according to its tenor (b) that if dis- honored and necessary proceedings be duly taken he will pay the amount to holder or any subsequent endorser who may be compelled to pay. An ac- commodation endorser is subject to all liabilties of 16 ITEMS OF INTEREST an endorser in due course, except as between maker and accommodating party. Are drafts retained or destroyed by drawee held to be accepted? Ans. : Drawee is allowed twenty-four hours to accept a bill, and it is usual to leave bill with him for that period; foreign bill, if not accepted in twenty-four hours, must be protested. If drawee destroys bill, and does not, on demand, return it at expiration of the twenty-four hours, bill is held to be accepted. This is a general rule of law in all states, and is expressly declared in Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Massachusetts, Missouri and New York. Is there time limit on presentation of checks? Ans. : Check must be presented for payment within a reasonable time after its issue, or drawer will be discharged from liability thereon to extent of loss caused by delay. As to drafts, see answer (a) and (b) to question on “liability of endorsers.’’ LEGAL DON’TS. Don’t advance much of value on paper, unless by its terms it is payable to “order of” or “to bear- er” and is expressed upon its face to be “for value received.” Without the concurrence of these ele- ments an innocent purchaser gets no better title than all previous endorsers and the original payee had; it is open to all defenses that might have been made as against them. Don’t deal in past due paper, for the same rea- son. Don’t be less vigilant in your guardianship of paper endorsed in blank than of gold nuggets of equal value, for in the case of the former the in- nocent purchaser for the value before maturity, even from a thief, acquires good title, while in the case of the gold nuggets, be the purchaser ever so innocent, still he gets no better title than the thief himself, which is, of course, none at all. Don’t neglect to have paper due “at sight,” or “upon demand” protested on the day presented to the maker ; it is not entitled to days of grace. Don’t make demand on time paper until the day ITEMS OF INTEREST 17 of maturity a day too early is as fatal to liabil- ity of endorsers as a day too late. Don^t seek to give notice of dishonor by mail to endorsers residing in the same town in which the paper is payable; such method is only proper in case of different place of residence. Don’t in any manner erase or add to any por- tion of a written instrument, after its execution, without the consent of all parties; even though the .matter so added or taken away seems most imma- terial, or though it, indeed, conforms the instru- ment to the contract which it was intended to evi- dence ; such change made by the holder, or with his acquiescence, without the consent of the party sought to be charged, voids the instrument. Don’t refuse, other than upon moral grounds, to deal in a piece of paper executed on the Sab- bath ; legally it is as binding as though made on any other day. Don’t try to apply the doctrine of innocent pur- chaser for value to a note, the consideration for which is money or property won at a game or gam- ing device; such paper is void in the hands of all persons, whether innocently purchased or not. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF DEEDS. An Acknowledgment is the act of declaring the execution of an instrument before an officer au- thorized to certify to such declaration. The officer certifies to the fact of such declaration, and to his knowledge of the person so declaring. Convey- ances or deads of land to be entitled to be recorded must first be acknowledged before a proper officer. Most of the States have forms of acknowledgments, which should be followed. Acknowledgments may be taken in general by Notaries Public, Justices of the Peace, Judges or Clerks of Courts of the higher grades. Registers, Masters in Chancery, Court Commissioners, Town Clerks, Mayor and Clerks of incorporated cities, within their respective jurisdictions. The requisites to a valid deed are the same in general as other contracts, but the appointment of 18 ITEMS OF INTEREST an attorney to execute a deed for another person must in general be executed with the same formal- ities requisite to the deed itself. Seals or their equivalent (or whatever is intend- ed as such) are necessary in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Illi- nois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. In almost all the States deeds by corporations must be under seal. Forms are prescribed or indicated by the statutes of most of the States except Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana. Separate acknowledgment by wife is required in Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mon- tana, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas. One Witness to the execution of deeds is required in District of Columbia, Maine (customary), Mary- land, Nebraska, New Jersey (usual), Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming. Two Witnesses to the execution of deeds are required in Arkansas, Connecticut, Flor- ida, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Wisconsin. FOREIGN BORN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. The foreign born population of the United States, 10,460,085, distributed by countries of origin, as follows: Africa, 2,577; Asia (except China, Japan and India), 11,927; Atlantic islands, 10,955; Australia, 7,041; Austria, 276,702; Belgium, 29,848; Bohemia, 156,999; Canada (English), 787,798; Canada (French), 395,427; Central America, 3,911; China, 106,659; Cuba, 11,159; Denmark, 154,616; England, 843,491; Europe (not otherwise specified), 2,272; Finland, 63,440; France, 104,534; Germany, 2,669,164; Greece, 8,655; Holland, 105,098; Hungary, 145,815; India, 2,069; Ireland, 1,619,469; Italy, 480,- 703 ; Japan, 81,590 ; Luxemburg, 3,042 ; Mexico, 103,- ITEMS OF INTEREST 19 445 ; Norway, 338,426 ; Pacific islands, 2,659 ; Poland (Austrian), 58,503; Poland (Germany), 150,232; Po- land (Russian), 154,424; Poland (unknown), 20,436; Portugal, 37,144 ; Roumania, 15,043 ; Russia, 424,372 ; Scotland, 234,699; South America, 4,814; Spain, 7,- 284 ; Sweden, 574,625 ; Switzerland, 115,959 ; Turkey, 9,949; Wales, 93,744; West Indies (except Cuba and Porto Rico), 14,468; other countries, 2,587; born at sea, 8,310. Total foreign born, 10,460,085. The population, according to foreign parentage, was : Having both parents born abroad, 21,074,679 ; having one parent born abroad and one parent a na- tive, 5,124,260. USEFUL INFORMATION. A gallon of water equals 231 cubic inches and weighs 8% lbs. A cubic foot of water equals 7% gallons and weighs 62% pounds. Water expands 1-11 of its bulk in freezing. One cubic inch of water evaporates into a cubic foot of steam. To evaporate one cubic foot of water requires the consumption of 7% pounds of coal, or about one pound of coal to a gallon of water. Each nominal hor.sepower of a boiler requires 30 to 35 pounds of water per hour. One inch of rainfall means 100 tons of water on every acre. A column of water 2 3-10 feet high equals one pound per square inch pressure. To find the pres- sure per square inch of a column of water multiply the height of the column in feet by the decimal .434. Doubling the diameter of a pipe or cylindrical vessel increases its capacity four times. Double riveting is from 16 to 20 per cent strong- er than single riveting. To find the circumference of a circle, multiply the diameter by 3.1416. To find the diameter of a circle, multiply the circumference by .31831. To find the area of a circle, multiply the square of the diameter by .7854. To find the sides of an equal square, multiply the diameter by .8862. 20 ITEMS OF INTEREST To find the capacity of cylindrical tanks square the diameter in inches, multiply by the height in inches and this product by the decimal .34. Point off four decimals and you have the capacity in gal- lons. To find the capacity of. a wagon bed multiply the length by the breadth and this by the height to find the cubic feet, multiply the cubic feet by the decimal .8, point off the decimal and you will have the capacity in bushels. To find the contents of a corn crib, multiply the cubic feet contained therein by 4 and divide the product by 9 and you will have the contents in bushels. To find the contents of a pile of cordwood, mul- tiply the length, width and height together and di- vide the product by 128. This will give you the number of cords. Hay measure : 500 cubic feet of well settled hay or 700 cubic feet of new mown hay will make a ton. To estimate amount of hay in mow : — 10 cubic yards of hay weigh a ton, or if in an old settled stack, 9 yards. METALS. Products — Aluminum Antimony Copper Ferromanganese Gold (fine) Iron (pig) Lead Nickel Platinum .’ Quicksilver Silver (fine) Sodium Tin Zinc Total metals Total ores and minerals . . . . Secondary products Grand total enumerated . . . . Value. $ 2,700,000 432,367 138,366,522 9,533,829 96,055,000 442,311,427 35,919,340 33,518 1,054,991 30,186,801 1,000,000 3,751,000 30,587,976 $ 791,932,771 903,889,401 161,548,881 $1,857,371,053 ITEMS OF INTEREST 21 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1910 AS ANNOUNCED BY THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. DECEMBER. 10. 1910. Alabama 2,138,093 Arizona 204,354 Arkansas 1,574,449 California 2,377,549 Colorado 799,024 Connecticut 1,114,756 Delaware 202,322 District of Coin 331,069 Florida 751,139 Georgia 2,609,121 Idaho 325,594 Illinois 5,638,591 Indiana 2,700,876 Iowa 2,224,771 Kansas 1,690,949 Kentucky 2,289,905 Louisiana 1,656,388 Maine 742,371 Maryland 1,295,346 Massachusetts .. 3,366,416 Michigan 2,810,173 Minnesota 2,075,708 Mississippi 1,797,114 Missouri 3,293,335 Montana 376,053 Nebraska 1,192,214 Nevada 81,875 New Hampshire. 430,572 New Jersey . . . 2,537,167 New Mexico . . . 327,301 New York 9,113,279 North Carolina i,8S‘90S‘S North Dakota .. 577,056 Ohio 4,767,121 Oklahoma 1,657,155 Oregon 672,765 Pennsylvania . . 7,665,111 Rhode Island . . 542,610 South Carolina . 1,515,400 South Dakota . . 583,888 Tennessee 2,184,789 Texas 3,896,542 Utah 373,351 Vermont 355,956 Virginia 2,061,612 Washington . . . 1,141,990 West Virginia . 1,221,119 Wisconsin 2,333,860 Wyoming 145,965 Cont. U. S 91,972,267 Alaska 64,356 Hawaii 191,909 Porto Rico 1,118,012 Military and naval serv- ices 55,607 The United States, (in- clusive of Alaska, Ha- waii and Porto Rico . 93,402,151 DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN THE UNITED STATES. Neat cattle, cows, bulls, etc 69,080,000 Horses and colts 21,040,000 Mules 4,123,000 Asses and burros 110,012 Sheep and lambs 57,216,000 Swine 47,782,000 Goats 1,948,952 PRINCIPAL CEREAL CROPS IN THE UNITED STATES. Production by States. Wheat, Bushels 39.515.000 62.068.000 9.600.000 10.647.000 1.560.000 70,000 18.780.000 25.363.000 2.710.000 10.560.000 2.675.000 8.721.000 860,000 379,000 5.708.000 1.160.000 12.603.000 25.603.000 16.414.000 17.100.000 695,443,000 49,205,000 $621,443,000 14.01 89.4 1 Corn, Bushels 206.400.000 169.100.000 105.270.000 96.348.000 63.432.000 66.256.000 58.835.000 181.280.000 92.352.000 69.216.000 184.000 60,000 2.846.000 1.610.000 390.000 394.000 192.000 448.000 459.000 1,838,000 3,125,713,000 114,002,000 $1,523,968,000 27.4 48.8 I Oats, Bushels 74.200.000 46.620.000 4.250.000 4.600.000 5.494.000 3.360.000 774.000 24.325.000 23.068.000 4.730.000 13.300.000 4.160.000 7.898.000 822.000 160,000 2.494.000 313,000 7.084.000 8.817.000 10.419.000 8.325.000 1,126,765,000 35,288,000 $384,716,000 31.9 34.1 Wheat, Bushels State Neb Kansas . . Ky Tenn. . . . Ala Miss La Texas . . . Okla. ... Ark Mont. . . . Wyo Colo N. M. ... Ariz Utah .... Nevada .. Idaho . . . Wash. . . . Oregon . . Calif, .... Total bu... T1 acres.. T’l farm val. Dec. 1 Yield per. acr^ Farm price . . . 267,000 29,000 10.523.000 2.053.000 27.697.000 2.074.000 13.816.000 10.176.000 5.125.000 7.433.000 4.983.000 2.730.000 31.493.000 40.981.000 31.500.000 15.642.000 3-,659,000 94.080.000 11.131.000 25.130.000 86.105.000 46.720.000 Corn, Bushels 782.000 1.426.000 2.881.000 2.275.000 440.000 3.352.000 26.044.000 10.440.000 65.026.000 6.424.000 23.785.000 54.621.000 23.920.000 57.139.000 44.733.000 65.714.000 8.814.000 144.540.000 201.216.000 414.812.000 68.040.000 51.188.000 56.375.000 343.870.000 273.900.000 2.996.000 54.050.000 State 1 Oats, Bushels | ' 5,554,000 599.000 3.528.000 248.000 70,000 405.000 46.161.000 2.226.000 35.130.000 135.000 810.000 4.268.000 2.520.000 3.458.000 4.599.000 6.243.000 502,000 65.658.000 65.490.000 171,000,000 51.170.000 69.136.000 78.523.000 181,440,000 ' 26,208,000 1 11,396,000 35.075.000 Marne . . . N. H Vermont . Mass. . . . R. I Conn N. Y. ... N. J Penn. . . . Del Md Virginia . W. Va.... N. C S. C Georgia .. Florida .. Ohio Indiana .. Illinois . . Mich. . . . Wis Minn. . . •. Iowa Missouri . N. D S. D ITEMS OF INTEREST 23 PRODUCTION OP TOBACCO. States — New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts . Connecticut . . . New York Pennsylvania . . Maryland Virginia West Virginia . North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Missouri Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi .... Louisiana Texas Arkansas Production, lbs. 170.000 335.000 , . . 7,040,000 ... 22,110,000 , . . 7,050,000 . .. 30,732,000 . .. 17,750,000 , . .120,125,000 , 12,600,000 . . .144,000,000 . .. 32,000,000 . . . 1,470,000 . . . 3,195,000 . .. 83,250,000 . .. 19,000,000 . . . 1,125,000 . .. 37,170.000 . . . 4,425,000 . . .350,700,000 . .. 53,290,000 360.000 50,000 220.000 650.000 540.000 Total United States 949,357,000 SALT PRODUCTION. The quantity of salt produced in this country according to statistics amounted to 28,822,062 bar- rels of 280 pounds, valued at $7,553,632. Expressed on a tonnage basis these quantities represent an out- put of 4,035,089 short tons. The average net value of the product was 26.2 cents per barrel, or $1.87 per short ton. The states producing the greatest quan- tity were as follows: Michigan, 10,194,279 barrels; New York, 9,076,743 barrels; Ohio, 3,427,478 barrels; Kansas, 2,588,814 barrels. In both quantity and value of output the United States stands at the head of the salt-producing countries of the world. 24 ITEMS OF INTEREST MINERAL PRODUCTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Products Antimony ore Asbestos Asphaltum Barytes Bauxite Borax Chrome ore Coal, anthracite . . . . Coal, bituminous . . . Emery Feldspar Flint Fluorspar Fuller’s earth Garnet Graphite, amorphous Graphite, crystalline Gypsum Iron ore Limestone flux Magnesite Manganese ore Mica, sheet Mica, scrap Monazite Petroleum, crude . . . Phosphate rock Pumice Pyrites Salt Sand, glass Sulphur Talc, common Talc, fibrous Tin ore Tungsten ore Zinc ore Value $ ' 3,700 64,350 145,187 778,203 1,950,000 6,075 160,843,081 467,259,147 501, 2si 270,840 277,293 151,700 81,443 340,676 5,947,341 95,881,315 6,907,450 $ 59,780 12,700 283,832 53,265 12,006 130,864,677 11,961,956 37,561 720,000 8,767,346 6,600,000 787.500 467.500 7,500 844,526 Total enumerated $903,889,401 ITEMS OF INTEREST 25 SUGAR PRODUCTION. Countries-— Tons, Louisiana 350,000 Porto Rico 245,000 Cuba 1,486,000 British West Indies 90,000 Haiti and Santo Domingo 80,000 Peru 150,000 Brazil 248,000 Java 1,241,885 Hawaii 475,000 Queensland 151,554 Mauritius 195,000 Demerara 117,176 Argentina 162,479 Philippines 150,000 United States 384,010 Germany 2,080,000 Austria 1,398,000 France 802,000 Russia 1,265,000 COMPARATIVE PERCENTAGE OF FEED UNITS Crude Protein Crude Fat Carbo Hydrates Value Per Ton Mixed Meadow Hay. 3.0 1.1 43.4 8.24 Whole Corn 8.2 3.4 67.5 15.38 Oats 8.1 4.1 44.7 13.50 Corn Meal 5.3 3.5 59.3 12.68 Wheat Bran 12.0 2.8 44.5 14.44 Whole Cotton Seed. . 10.2 16.4 30.9 19.82 Cotton Seed Hulls . . . 2.2 1.6 33.5 6.46 Cotton Seed Meal. . . 35.3 10.9 20.1 30.23 PROMISSORY NOTES AND CHECKS. Negotiable instruments, the common forms of v^hich are promissory notes, checks, or other bills of exchange, while having the same general requisites as other contracts, have certain distinct features. The purpose of the law is to facilitate as much as possible their free passing from hand to hand like currency. The assignment of an ordinary contract leaves the assignee in no different position for en- forcing his rights than that of his assignor, but one 26 ITEMS OF INTEREST who takes a negotiable instrument from a prior holder, without knowledge of any defences to it, be- fore its maturity, and gives value for it, holds it free of any defences which might have been set up against his predecessors, except those defects that were inherent in the instrument itself. To be negotiable an instrument must be in writ- ing and signed by the maker (of a note) or drawer (of a bill or check). It must contain an unconditional promise or or- der to pay a sum certain in money. Must be payable on demand, or at a fixed future time. Must be payable to order or to bearer. In a bill of exchange (check) the party directed to pay must be reasonably certain. Every negotiable instrument is presumed to have been issued for a valuable consideration, and want of consideration in the creation of the instrument is not a defence against a bona fide holder. An instrument is negotiated, that is completely transferred, so as to vest title in the purchaser, if payable to bearer, or indorsed simply with the name of the last holder, by mere delivery, if payable to order by the indorsement of the party to whom it is payable and delivery. One who transfers an instrument by indorsement warrants to every subsequent holder that the instru- ment is genuine, that he has title to it, and that if not paid by the party primarily liable at maturity, he will pay it upon receiving due notice of non-pay- ment. To hold an indorser liable the holder upon its non-payment at maturity must give prompt notice of such non-payment to the indorser and that the holder looks to the indorser for payment. Such no- tice should be sent within twenty-four hours. When an indorser is thus compelled to pay he may hold prior parties through whom he received the instrument liable to him by sending them prompt notice of non-payment upon receiving such notice from the holder. One who transfers a negotiable instrument by ITEMS OF INTEREST 27 delivery, without indorsing it, simply warrants that the instrument is genuine, that he has title to it, and knows of no defence to it, but does not agree to pay it if unpaid at maturity. The maker of a note is liable to pay it if unpaid • at maturity without any notice from the holder or indorser. Notice to one of several partners is sufficient notice to all. When a check is certified by a bank the bank becomes primarily liable to pay it without notice of its non-payment, and when the holder of a check thus obtains its certification by the bank, the drawer - of the check and previous indorsers are released from liability, and the holder looks to the bank for payment. A bona-fide holder of a negotiable instrument, that is, a party who takes an instrument regular on its face, before its maturity, pays value for it and has no knowledge of any defences to it, is entitled to hold the party primarily liable responsible for its payment, despite any defences he may have against the party to whom he gave it, except such as, ren- dered the instrument void in its inception. Thus, if the maker of a note received no value for it, or was induced to issue it through fraud or imposition, they do not defeat the right of a bona-fide holder to compel its payment from him. The following States have enacted a similar Ne- gotiable Instrument Law: Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Maryland, Massachu- setts, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, New York and Tennessee — and the same general rules apply in all the states. PRODUCTION OP COAL. Area of the world’s coal fields, in square miles. China and Japan, 200,000; United States, 194,- 000; India, 35,000; Russia, 27,000; Great Britain, 9,000; Germany, 3,600; France, 1,800; Belgium, Spain, and other countries, 1,400. Total, 471,800. The coal fields of China, Japan, Great Britain, 28 ITEMS OF INTEREST Germany, Russia and India contain apparently 303,- 000,000,000 tons, which is enough for 450 years at present rate of consumption. If to the above be added the coal fields in the United States, Canada, and other countries, the supply will be found ample for 1,000 years. Improved machinery has greatly increased the yield per miner', and thus produced a fall in price to the advantage of all industries. The production of the principal countries in 1907 in metric tons of 2,205 pounds was: United States, 430,430,183; United Kingdom, 267,828,276; Germany, (a) 205,542,688 ; Austria-Hungary, (a) 39,- 876,511; France, 37,022,556; Belgium, 23,824,499; Russia, 17,800,000; Japan, 12,890,000; Australasia, 10,534,000; India, 10,694,891; Canada, 10,510,961; Spain, (a) 3,250,000; Sweden, 305,308; South Africa, (&) 3,945,043; Italy, (a) (6) 225,000; all other coun- tries, (h) 3,475,780; total, partly estimated, 1,078,- 155,696 metric tons, (a) Including lignite. (6) Estimated. DAIRY PRODUCTS. (Latest returns published by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the Statis- tical Abstract.) Cows kept for milk on farms number. . 17,139,674 Cows kept for milk not on farms “ 973,033 Total number of cows for milk 18,112,707 Milk produced on farms gallons.. .7,266,392,674 Milk produced not on farms “ • 462,190,676 Total gallons of milk produced 7,728,683.350 Butter made on farms pounds.. .1,071,745,127 Butter made in factory creameries .. . “ 420,126,546 Butter made in urban dairy establish- ments “ 827,470 Total pounds of butter made 1,492,699,143 Cheese made on farms pounds... 16,372,330 Cheese made in factories “ 281,972,324 Cheese made in urban dairy establish- ments “ 662,164 Total pounds of cheese made 299,006,818 Condensed milk produced pounds... 186,921,787 • Estimated. ITEMS OF INTEREST . 29 CONSUMPTION OF BEER, WINE AND LIQUOR. Countries Malt Liquors Wines Alcohol United States...! 1,752,634,426 61,779,549 121,130,036 United Kingdom. 1,500,709,000 1 [ 16,646,933 58,318,373 Russia 151,633,892 j 1 25,000,000 172,550,500 Germany 1,782,778,000 I 113,583,000 124,313,300 France 289,103,000 1 1,342,830,600 97,177,968 Spain 20,000,000 1 395,285,258 | 1 321,816,000 [ 8,948,200 Belgium 9,895,000 Italy 6,725,000 1 1 1,045,961,000 1 1 11,150,400 Austria-Hungary . 545,674.043 | I 119,218,000 1 I 120,000,000 Denmark 63.213.000 44.440.000 ' ( 1 1 4,000,000 1 10,730,500 f Sweden Portugal 1 898,200 1 1 87,142,000 1 LAW OF CONTRACTS. A contract is an agreement of two or more par- ties, by which reciprocal rights and obligations are created. One party acquires a right, enforceable at law, to some act or forbearance from the other, who is under a corresponding obligation to thus act or forbear. Generally speaking, all contracts which are made between two competent parties, for a proper consideration, without fraud and for a lawful pur- pose, are enforcable at law. To the creation of a valid contract there must be : 1. Precise agreement. The offer of one party must be met by an acceptance by the other accord- ing to the terms offered. 2. There must be a consideration. Something of value must either be received by one party or given up by the other. 3. The parties must have capacity to contract. The contracts of insane persons are not binding upon them. Married women are now generally per- mitted to contract as though single, and bind their separate property. The contracts of an infant are generally not binding upon him, unless ratified after attaining his majority. The contracts of an infant for “necessaries’’ may be enforced against him to the extent of the reasonable value of the goods fur- nished. It is incumbent upon one seeking thus to 30 - ITEMS OF INTEREST hold an infant to show that the goods furnished were in fact necessary to the infant, and that he was not already supplied by his parents or guar- dians. 4. The party’s consent must not be the result of fraud or imposition, or it may be avoided by the party imposed upon. 5. The purpose of the parties must be lawful. Agreements to defraud others, to violate statutes, or whose aim is against public policy, such as to cre- ate monopolies, or for the corrupt procurement of legislative or official action are void and cannot be enforced by any party thereto. Contracts in general are equally valid, whether made orally or in writing, with the exception of certain classes of contracts, which in most of the States are required to be attested by a note or mem- orandum in writing signed by the party or his agent sought to be held liable. Some of the provisions which are adopted from the old English Statute of Frauds, vary in some of the States, but the fol- lowing contracts very generally are required to be thus attested by some writing. Contracts by their terms not to be performed within a year from the making thereof. A promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another person. Contracts made in consideration of marriage, except mutual promises to marry. Promise of an executor, or administrator to pay debts of deceased out of his own property. Contracts for the creation of any interest or estate in land, with the exception of leases for a short- term, generally one year. Contracts for the sale of goods above a certain value, unless a portion of the price is paid or part of the goods delivered. The required value of the goods sold varies in different States from $30 to $200. In a number of the States no such provision exists. In many of the States declarations or convey- ances of trust estates. ITEMS OF INTEREST 31 In many States representations as to the char- acter, credit, or responsibility of another person. Partial performance of the contract is gener- ally held to dispense with the necessity for a writ- ing. If the damages liable to result from the break- ing of a contract are uncertain the parties may agree upon a sum to which either may be entitled as compensation for a breach which will be upheld by the courts, but if the sum so fixed is not de- signed as a fair compensation to the party injured, but as a penalty to be inflicted, it will be disre- garded. A party is generally excused for the failure to perform what he has agreed only by the act of God or the public enemy. Except in cases involving a personal element in the work to be performed, such as the rendition of services, when the death or sick- ness of the party contracting to perform them is a valid excuse, or contracts for the performance of work upon a specified object, when its destruction without the fault of the party sought to be held lia- ble is a sufficient excuse. HELP IN CASE OP ACCIDENT. ^ DROWNING — 1. Loosen clothing, if any. 2. Empty lungs of water by laying body on its stom- ach and lifting it by the middle so that the head hangs down. Jerk the body a few times. 3. Pull tongue forward, using handkerchief, or pin with string, if necessary. 4. Imitate motion of respira- tion by alternately compressing and expanding the lower ribs, about twenty times a minute. Alter- nately raising and lowering the arms from the sides up above the head will stimuate the action of the lungs. Let it be done gently but persistently. 5. Apply warmth and friction to extremeties. 6. By holding tongue forward, closing the nostrils and pressing the “Adam’s Apple” back (so as to close entrance to stomach), direct inflation can be tried. Take a deep breath and breathe it forcibly into the mouth of the patient, compress the chest to expell the air and repeat the operation. 7. DON’T GIVE 32 ITEMS OF INTEREST UP ! People have been saved after hours of patient, vigorous effort. 8, When breathing begins, get pa- tient into warm bed, give warm drinks, or spirits in teaspoonfuls, fresh air and quiet. BUENS AND SCALDS— Cover with cooking soda and lay wet cloth over it. Whites of eggs and olive oil, olive or linseed oil plain, or mixed with chalk and whiting. LIGHTNING — Dash cold water over a person struck. SUNSTROKE — Loosten clothing. Get patient into shade, and apply ice-cold water to head. MAD DOG OR SNAKE BITES— Tie cord tight above wound. Suck the blood and cauterize with caustic or white iron at once, or cut out adjoining parts with sharp knife. VENOMOUS INSECT STINGS, ETC.— Apply weak ammonia, oil salt water or iodine. FAINTING — Place flat on back; allow fresh air, and sprinkle with water. TESTS OF DEATH — Hold mirror to mouth. If living, moisture will gather. Push pin into flesh. If dead the hole will remain, if alive it will close up. CINDERS IN THE EYE— Roll soft paper up like a lamp lighter and wet the tip to remove, or use a medicine dropper to draw it out. Rub the other eye. POSTAGE RATES. FIRST-CLASS MATTER (Letters, etc.), 2c an ounce. SECOND-CLASS (Newspapers and Periodicals), Ic for 4 ounces. THIRD-CLASS (Books, Circulars), Ic for 2 ounces. FOURTH-CLASS (Merchandise), Ic an ounce. REGISTRATION FEE (Additional postage), 8c IMMEDIATE DELIVERY STAMPS (addition- al to regular postage), 10c. MONEY ORDER ($1 to $100), 3c to 30c. (See below for explanations and exceptions). FIRST CLASS MATTER— Letters, and all oth- er written matter (whether sealed or not), except- ing manuscript copy accompanying proof sheets, ITEMS OF INTEREST 33 also all matter sealed (see below), 2 cents an ounce, excepting drop letters at NON-CARRIER offices, 1 cent an ounce. Postal cards, 1 cent each. SECOND-CLASS — Newspapers and Periodicals, published quarterly and oftener, and not for gratuit- ous distribution. The general public pay by affix- ing stamps at the rate of 1 cent for each 4 ounces or part thereof when not sealed. THIRD-CLASS — Books (printed, not blanks), circulars, other printed matter, proof sheets and man- uscript accompanying same, valentines, sheet music, heliotypes, chromos, posters, lithographs and print- ed advertising matter in general — all, when not seal- ed, 1 cent for 2 ounces or fraction. FOURTH-CLASS — Merchandise and samples, blank books and paper, ores, all matter not includ- ed in any of the other classes, and not in its nature perishable or liable to injure the contents of the mails. (By express ruling the postage on seeds, cut- tings, roots, scions and plants is at the rate of 1 cent for each 2 ounces). All, when not sealed, and not ex- ceeding 4 pounds in weight, 1 cent an ounce, or frac- tion. SEALING — Any matter is regarded as sealed when it is not so wrapped as to allow a thorough ex- amination without in any way injuring the wrapper. REGISTRATION — All classes of mail matter may be registered at any postofice by affixing 8 cents in addition to the regular postage. POSTAGE TO MEXICO AND CANADA— The general rule is that articles admitted to the domestic mails of either country are admitted at the same postage rates and under the same conditions to the mails exchanged between the two countries ; but the rule is subject to important exceptions, not partic- ularizable in brief, and it is best to consult the post- master before entrusting.merchandise or any unusual matter to the international mails. FOREIGN POSTAGE — The rates in the case of all foreign countries (Except Canada and Mexico), are as follows : Letters, per half ounce, 5 cents ; sec- ond and third-class matter, per two ounces, 1 cent; postal cards, 2 cents each. 34 ITEMS OF INTEREST MATERIAL AND LABOR FOR 100 SQUARE YARDS OF LATH AND PLASTER. Materials and Labor Lime, casks . 3 hard Coats finish 4 2 Coats slipped 3V2 Lump Lime, casks Plaster of Paris, casks . Laths 2 1-3 V2 2,000 2,000 Hair bushels . 4 3 Sand, loads . . 6 6 White Sand, bushels . . Nails, pounds 2V2 13 13 Masons, days 4 3V2 Laborer, days 3 2 Cartage, day 1 % QUANTITY OF BRICK REQUIRED TO CON- Superficial STRUCT A BUILDING. Number of bricks to thickness of feet of wall 4 in. 8 in. 12 in. 16 In. 20 In. 1 7 15 22 29 37 2 30 45 60 75 3 . . . 23 45 60 90 113 4 . . . 30 • 60 90 120 150 5 . . . 38 75 113 150 188 6 45 90 135 180 225 7 . . . 53 105 158 210 263 8 . . . 60 120 180 240 300 9 . . . 68 135 203 270 338 10 ... 75 150 225 300 375 20 ... 150 300 450 600 750 30 . .. 225 450 675 900 1,125 40 . .. 300 600 900 1,200 1,500 50 ... 375 750 1,125 1,500 1,875 60 ... 450 900 1,350 1,800 2,250 70 ... 525 1,050 1,575 2,100 2.625 80 ... 600 1,200 1,800 2,400 3,000 90 . .. 675 1,350 2,025 2,700 3,375 100 . .. 750 1,500 2,250 3.000 3,750 200 ...1,500 3,000 4,500 6,000 7,500 300 ...2.250 4,500 6,750 9,000 11,250 400 . . .3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000 ITEMS OF INTEREST 35 AMOUNT OF PAINT REQUIRED FOR A GIVEN SURFACE. It is impossible to give a rule that will apply in all cases, as the amount varies with the kind and thickness of the paint, the kind of wood or other ma- terial to which it is applied, the age of the surface, etc. The following is an approximate rule: Divide the number of square feet of surface by 200. The result will be th^ number of gallons of liquid paint required to give two coats; or, divide by 18 and the result will be the number of pounds of pure ground white lead required to give three coats. HOW TO WEIGH A HAY-STACK. Measure the length and breadth of the stack; take height from the ground to the eaves, add to this last one-half of the height from the eaves to the top ; multiply length by breadth, and the product by the height, all expressed in feet; divide the amount by 27, to find the cubic yards, which multiply by the number of pounds supposed to be in a cubic yard, viz., in a stack of new hay, 132 pounds avoirdupois each ; if old hay, 154 pounds each. NATURALIZATION LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. Declaration of Intention. Any alien who is a white person, or of African nativity or African descent, is required, if he desires to become naturalized, to file a declaration of in- tention in the clerk’s office of any court having jur- isdiction over the place in which he lives, and such declaration may not be filed until the alien has reached the age of eighteen years. This declaration must contain information as to the name, age, oc- cupation, time and place of arrival in the United States, and must further show it is the declarant’s bona fide intention to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, and particularly to the one of which he may be at the time a citizen or subject. Any alien who has filed a declaration of inten- 36 ITEMS OF INTEREST tion before September 27, 1906, and has continued to reside in the United States since such declaration was filed, is not required to file a new declaration. Aliens of the age of twenty-one years and up- ward, who have been honorably discharged from ser- vice in the armies of the United States, either regu- lar or volunteer, are not required to make a declar- ation of intention. Any alien, of the age of twenty-one years and upward, who has served five consecutive years in the United States navy or one enlistment in the United States marine corps, may be admitted to citizenship without any previous declaration of intention. The widow and children who are under age at the time that an alien who has made his declaration of intention has died, without having secured a cer- tificate of naturalization, are also exempted from the necessity of filing a declaration of intention. The minor children of alien parents who, through misinformation as to the law governing the value of declaration of intention as the stepping- stone to citizenship, have neglected to comply fully with the naturalization laws will be required to pass through the same formalities as are provided for the admission to citizenship of adult aliens under the op- eration of the naturalization laws as amended by the act approved June 25, 1910. Any person who has resided in the United States for five years preceding the first day of May, 1910, and who, because of misinformation in regard to his citizenship, or the requirements of the law govern- ing the naturalization of aliens, has labored and act- ed under the impression that he was or could be- come a citizen and has in good faith exercised the rights or duties of a citizen because of such wrong- ful information and belief may, upon proof of these facts and a compliance with the other requirements of the law, be admitted to citizenship without hav- ing filed a declaration of intention. PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION. Not less than two years after an alien has filed his declaration of intention, and after not less than ITEMS OF INTEREST 37 five years’ continuous residence in the United States, he may file a petition for citizenship in any one of the courts above stated which has jurisdiction over the place in which he resides, provided he has lived at least one year continuously, immediately prior to the filing of such petition, in the State or Territory in which such place is located. This petition must be signed by the petitioner in his own handwriting and shall give his full name, place of residence, oc- cupation, place of birth and the date thereof, the place from which he emigrated, and the date and place of his arrival in the United States. If such arrival occurred subsequent to the passage of the act of June 29, 1906, he must secure a certificate from the Department of Commerce and Labor show- ing the fact of such arrival and the date and place thereof, and present such certificate to the clerk of the court to be attached to his petition. If he is mar- ried he must state the name of his wife and, if pos- sible, the country of her nativity and her place of residence at the time of the filing of his petition, and if he has children, the name, date and place of birth and present place of residence of each living child. The petition must set forth that he is not a believer in or opposed to organized government, or a member of or affiliated with any organization or body of per- sons teaching disbelief in or opposition to organized government ; that he is not a polygamist or a believer in the practice of polygamy, and that he absolutely and forever renounces all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign country of which he may, at the time of filing such petition, be a citizen or subject. This petition must be verified at the time it is filed by the affidavit of two credible witnesses, who are citi- zens of the United States and who shall state that they have known the petitioner during his entire res- idence in the State in which the petition is filed, which must be not less than one year, and that they have known him to be a resident of the United States continuously during the five years immediately pre- ceding the filing of the petition; that during such time he acted as a man of good moral character, at- tached to the principles of the Constitution of the 38 ITEMS OF INTEREST United States and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same. If a portion of the five years has been passed by the petitioner in some other State than that in which he resides at the time of filing his petition the affidavit of the witnesses may verify so much of the petitioner’s residence as has been passed in the State, and the portion of said five j’-ears’ residence out of the State may be shown by depositions at the time of hearing on the peti- tion. No petition may be heard until the expiration of at least ninety days after it is filed nor within thirty days preceding a general election. At the hearing upon a petition, which shall be at a date fixed by order of the court, the witnesses are required to again attend and testify in open court so that the judge or judges thereof may be satisfied that the petitioner is qualified and that he has complied with . all the requirements of the law. Any alien who has borne a hereditary title or been a member of an order or nobility must renounce such title or position expressly before becoming nat- uralized. No alien may become naturalized, if phy- sically capable, who does not speak the English lan- guage. Aliens who are admitted to citizenship by order in open court will be required to take the oath of allegiance and thereafter will be entitled to a certi- ficate of naturalization. The law also provides as to those persons, who though not citizens owe permanent allegiance to the United States, and who may become citizens of any State or organized Territory of the United States, that they may be naturalized upon compliance with all the requirements of the law, except that they will not be called upon to renounce allegiance to any foreign sovereignty. At the time of filing his declaration of inten- tion an alien is required to pay to the clerk of the court a fee of one dollar. At the time of filing a petition for naturalization a petitioner is required to pay to the clerk of the court a fee of four dollars. This latter fee is for the cost of recording the peti- ITEMS OF INTEREST 39 tion and hearing the case, as well as for the issu- ance, if the petition is granted, of the certificate of naturalization. LEGAL HOLIDAYS IN THE VARIOUS STATES. January 1. New Year’s Day: In all States (in- cluding District of Columbia), except Kansas and Massachusetts. (In Maine a bank holiday only le- gally). January 8. Anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans : In Louisiana. January 19. Lee's Birthday: In Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Alabama and Arkansas. February. Mardi-Gras : In the parish of Or- leans, Louisiana. February 12. Georgia Day: In Georgia. February 12. Lincoln's Birthday: In Califor- nia, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Ne- vada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Penn- sylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia and Wyoming. February 22. Washington's Birthday: In all States and District of Columbia. February (Third Tuesday). Spring Election Day : In Pennsylvania. March 2. Anniversary of Texan Independence : In Texas. March 4. Inauguration Day: In District of Columbia in years when a President of the United States is inaugurated. April 12. Halifax Independence Resolutions : In North Carolina. April 13. Thomas Jefferson’s Birthday. In Ala- bama. April 14, 1911. Good Friday:. In Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, Mary- land, Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ten- nessee. April 19. Patriots' Day: In Maine and Mas- sachusetts. 40 ITEMS OF INTEREST April 21. Anniversary of the Battle of San Jacinto: In Texas. April 26. Confederate Memorial Day: In Ala- bama, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi. May 10. Confederate Memorial Day. In North Carolina and South Carolina. May (Second Friday). Confederate Day: In Tennessee. May 20. Anniversary of the Signing of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence : In North Carolina. May 30. Decoration Day: In all the States (and District of Columbia), except Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Car- olina, Tennessee and Texas. June 3. Jefferson Davis’s Birthday: In Flor- ida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas and South Carolina. In Louisiana known as “Con- federate Memorial Day.” In Virginia, in public schools. June (Last Thursday). Primary Election Day. In North Dakota. July 4. Independence Day: In all the States, and District of Columbia. July 10. Admission Day : In Wyoming. July 24. Pioneers’ Day: In Utah. July (Fourth Saturday). Primary Election Day: In Texas. August. Primary Election Days: In Missouri. August 1. Colorado Day: In Colorado. August 16. Bennington Battle Day: In Ver- mont. September 4, 1911. Labor Day: In all the States (and District of Columbia). In Louisiana, ob- served in Orleans Parish. In Wyoming by procla- mation of the Governor. September Primary Election Day: In Wiscon- sin (first Tuesday). In Michigan and Oregon, even years. September 9. Admission Day: In California. September 12. “Old Defenders’ Day”: In Bal- timore, Md. October 12. Columbus Day : In California, Col- ITEMS OF INTEREST 41 orado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachu- setts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island. October 31. Admission Day: In Nevada. November 1. All Saints^ Day. In Louisiana. November (first Friday). Pioneer Day: In Mon- tana, observed in public schools. November. General Election Day: In Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Idaho (Il- linois in Chicago, Springfield and East St. Louis only), Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio (from 5 :30 a. m. to 9 a. m. only) , Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming, in the years when elections are held therein. November, Thanksgiving Day (usually the fourth Thursday in November) : Is observed in all the States, and in the District of Columbia, though in some States it is not a statutory holiday. December 25.. Christmas Day: In all the States, (except Kansas), and District of Columbia. Sundays and Fast Days are legal holidays in all the States which designate them as such. There are no statutory holidays in Mississippi, but by common consent the Fourth of July, Thanks- giving and Christmas are observed. In New Mex- ico, Washington's Birthday, Decoration Day, Labor Day, Flag Day (June 14), and Arbor Day are holi- days when so designated by the Governor. In South Carolina, Thursday of Fair Week is a legal holiday. Arbor Day is a legal holiday in Arizona, Florida, Maryland, New Mexico, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, the day being set by the Governor; in Texas, Feb- ruary 22 ; Nebraska, April 22 ; Utah, April 15 ; Rhode Island, second Friday in May; Montana, second Tuesday in May; Georgia, first Friday in Decem- ber; Colorado and Maine (school holiday only), third Friday in April ; in Oklahoma, the Friday following 42 ITEMS OF INTEREST the second Monday in March ; in Arkansas, first Sat- urday in March. Every Saturday after 12 o’clock noon is a legal holiday in California in public offices, Illinois (in cities of 200,000 or more inhabitants), Maryland, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, Rhode Island, Virginia, the District of Colum- bia (for banking purposes), and in New Orleans, La., and Charleston, S. C. ; in Louisiana in all cities ex- ceeding 15,000 inhabitants, in Missouri in cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants ; in Tennessee, for State and county officers, and in Colorado during June, July and August ; in Indiana, first Saturday in June to last Saturday in October, inclusive, for all public offices in counties having a county seat of 100,000 population or more. There is no national holiday, not even the Fourth of July. Congress has at various times ap- pointed special holidays. In the second session of the Fifty-third Congress it passed an act making Labor Day a public holiday in the District of Col- umbia, and it has recognized the existence of cer- tain days as holidays for commercial purposes, but, with the exception named, there is no general stat- ute on the subject. The proclamation of the Pres- ident designating a day of Thanksgiving only makes it a legal holiday in the District of Columbia and the Territories. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Estimated number of English-speaking religious sects, forming communities throughout the world: Episcopalians 29,200,000 Methodists of all descriptions 18,650,000 Roman Catholics 15,500,000 Presbyterians of all descriptions 12,230,000 Baptists of all descriptions 9,230,000 Congregationalists 6,150,000 Free Thinkers 5,250,000 Lutherans, etc 2,800,000 Unitarians 2,600,000 Minor religious sects 5,500,000 Of no particular religion 17,000,000 English speaking population 124,130,000 ITEMS OF INTEREST 43 RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. NUMBERS IN THE WORLD ACCORDING TO CREED. Creeds. No. of followers. 1 Christianity 477,080,158 2 Worship of Ancestors and Confu- cianism 256,000,000 3 Hinduism 190,000,000 4 Mohammedanism 176,834,372 5 Buddhism 147,900,000 6 Taoism 43,000,000 7 Shintoism 14,000,000 8 Judaism 10,186,000 9 Polytheism 117,681,669 CHRISTIANITY. Churches. Total followers. • Catholic church 230,866,533 Protestant churches 143,237,625 Orthodox Greek church 98,016,000 Church of Abyssinia 3,000,000 Coptic church 120,000 Armenian church 1,690,000 Nestorians 80,000 Jacobites 70,000 Total 477,080,158 THE UNITED STATES— AREA, POPULATION, INDUSTRIES, ETC., CENSUS, 1910. Area, square miles 3,026,789 Population • 89,912,353 Wealth $107,104,211,917 Wealth Per Capita 1,310.11 Public Debt, Less Cash in Treasury. 1,046,449,185 Gold Coined 88,776,908 Silver Coined 8.087,853 Gold in Circulation 592,547,340 Silver in Circulation 217,229,937 Gold Certificates in Circulation.... 806,286,359 Silver Certificates in Circulation... 478,999,024 U. S. Notes Outstanding.... 336,185,081 Nat. Bank Note? Outstanding 684,841,975 44 ITEMS OF INTEREST Miscel. Currency in Circulation.... 3,663,530 Total Circulation of Money 3,119,753,246 Number of National Banks 7,145 Bank Clearings U. S 158,559,487,500 Manufacturing establishments .... no. 216,262 Value of products dols. 14,802,147,087 United States Government receipts — ■ net ordinary dols. 669,064,780 Customs dols. 332,785,323 Internal revenue dols. 285,185,830 United States Government expendi- tures — net ordinary dols. 659,662,343 War dols. 157,004,608 Navy dols. 123,114,547 Pensions dols. 160,733,839 Interest on public debt dols. 21,342,984 Imports of merchandise dols. 1,557,819,988 Exports of merchandise dols. 1,710,083,988 Imports, silk, raw lbs. 23,457,223 Rubber, crude lbs. 101,044,681 Tin plates lbs. 15^,566,599 Iron, steel and manufacturers of dols. 38,502,457 Domestic exports, iron, steel and man- ufacturers of dols.' 179,133,186 Domestic exports, all manufacturers of dols. 671,416,014 Farm animals; value dols. 5,138,486,000 Cattle no. 69,080,000 Horses no. 21,040,000 Sheep no. 57,216,000 Mules no. 4,123,000 Swine no. 47,782,000 Production of gold dols. 99,232,200 Silver, commercial value dols. 28,010,100 Cotton taken by mills bales 4,493,028 Domestic cotton exported lbs. 3,206,708,226 Railways operated miles 240,839 Passengers carried no. 890,009,574 Freight carried 1 mile tons 218,381,554,802 Passenger cars no. 45,292 Freight and other cars no. 2,199,065 American vessels built tons 238,090 ITEMS OF INTEREST 45 Commercial failures no. 12,924 Amount of liabilities . . . . dols. 154,603,465 Postoffices 60,144 Receipts of P. 0. Dept. . . . dols. 203,562,383 Telegrams sent 85,712,724 Newspapers, etc 22,725 Public schools, salaries . . . . dols. 219,780,123 Patents issued no. 37,420 Immigrants arrived no. 1,041,570 THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES. States and Territories. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Florida Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnesota ........ Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico . . . . = North Dakota .... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota .... Utah Washington Wisconsin Wyoming Acres 108,210 368,014,735 41,491,369 512,705 24,864,884 21,726,192 453,000 24,743,804 137,180 88,911 107,890 1,563,302 47,058 2,510 36,015,943 1,879,486 56,474,688 36,454,692 1,410,225 5,007 17,580,573 4,562,804 35,955,554 3,196,059 14,460 34,575,159 Total 711,986,409 46 ITEMS OF INTEREST STATES ADMITTED TO THE UNION. States 1 Vermont . . . . 2 Kentucky . . . 3 Tennessee . . . 4 Ohio 5 Louisiana . . . . 6 Indiana 7 Mississippi . . 8 Illinois 9 Alabama . . . . 10 Maine 11 Missouri . . . . 12 Arkansas . . . 13 Michigan . . . . 14 Florida 15 Texas 16 Iowa 17 Wisconsin . . . 18 California . . . . 19 Minnesota . . . 20 Oregon 21 Kansas 22 West Virginia 23 Nevada 24 Nebraska . . . . 25 Colorado 26 North Dakota 27 South Dakota 28 Montana .... 29 Washington . . 30 Idaho 31 Wyoming . . . . 32 Utah 33 Oklahoma . . . . 34 Arizona 35 New Mexico . Admitted . . . .March 4, 1791 June 1, 1792 . . . . . .June 1, 1796 .November 29, 1802 April 30, 1812 .December 11, 1816 .December 10, 1817 .December 3, 1818 .December 14, 1818 ....March 15, 1820 . . .August 10, 1821 June 15, 1836 . .January 26, 1837 March 3, 1845 .December 29, 1845 .December 28, 1846 May 29, 1848 September 9, 1850 May 11, 1858 .February 14, 1859 . .January 29, 1861 June 19, 1863 . . .October 31, 1864 ....March 1,1867 ...August 1, 1876 .November 2, 1889 .November 2, 1889 .November 8, 1889 .November 11, 1889 July 3, 1890 July 11, 1890 . .January 4, 1896 November 16, 1907 1911 1911 * Date when admission took effect is given from United States Census reports. In many instances the act of admission by Congress was passed on a previous date. ITEMS OF INTEREST 47 THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES. 1 States Delaware Ratification of Constitution 2 Pennsylvania December 12, 1787 3 New Jersey 18, 1787 4 Georgia J anuary 2, 1788 5 Connecticut January 9, 1788 6 Massachusetts February 6, 1788 7 Maryland April 28, 1788 8 South Carolina 23, 1788 9 New Hampshire .... 21, 1788 10 Virginia 26, 1788 11 New York July 26, 1788 12 North Carolina November 21, 1789 13 Rhode Island 29, 1790 IMMIGRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES, Year Immigrants 1901 487,918 1902 648,743 1903 857,046 1904 812,870 1905 1 , 027,421 1906 1 , 100,735 Year Immigrants 1907 1 , 285,349 1908 782,870 1909 751,786 1910 1 , 041,570 1911 878,587 1912 838,172 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. South Atlantic States . . . . Gulf States Middle Atlantic States . . New England States . . . . Great Lakes Mississippi River and Trib Minor Interior Waters . . Pacific Coast States Alaska Territory No. of Value of Vessels Products . 526 $ 2,839,633 . 714 3,494,196 .3,721 17,485,500 .1,479 12,280,401 . 208 2,611,439 1,781,029 $ 440,790 . 183 6,278,639 . 161 10,664,129 Total 6,992 $57,875,756 48 ITEMS OF INTEREST PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS AREAS. State or Territory Petroleum Area Gas Area Sq. Miles Sq. Miles Alabama 50 40 Alaska 500 • • • • California 850 310 Colorado 200 80 Idaho 10 Illinois 200 50 Indiana 1,000 2,460 Kansas 200 550 Kentucky 400 290 Louisiana 60 110 Michigan 80 40 Missouri 30 70 Montana 40 New Mexico 80 New York 300 550 Ohio — Eastern 115 110 Western 535 165 Oklahoma 400 1,000 Oregon 20 Pennsylvania 2,000 2,730 South Dakota 80 Tennessee 80 • • • • Texas 400 130 Utah 40 40 Washington 70 West Virginia 570 1,000 Wyoming : 750 120 Total 8,850 10,055 FARMING PACTS. Canada has a homestead law. Farm lots of 200 acres are granted to each head of a family and 100 to each male adult, on condition of building a log house 16x20 feet, cul- tivating 15 acres in every 100, and residing six months in every year during five years on the property. A farmer’s taxes in Turkey are classified thus: (1) One-tenth of all crops and fruits; (2) four per cent of the renting value of house and lands; (3) five per cent on ev- ery transfer; (4) an annual cattle tax of 32 pence on every sheep and 21 pence on every goat. The taxes are rigorously collected. ITEMS OF INTEREST 49 THE ELECTORAL VOTE. The following is the electoral vote of the states as based upon the Apportionment Act of 1911. States Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut . . . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indmna Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota .... Mississippi .... Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey . . . New Mexico . . New York .... North Carolina North Dakota . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . South Carolina South Dakota . Electoral Vote 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4 8 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 50 ITEMS OF INTEREST Tennessee 12 Texas 20 Utah 4 Vermont 4 Virginia 12 Washington 7 West Virginia 8 Wisconsin 13 Wyoming 3 Total 531 Electoral vote necessary to a choice 266 PASTURING HOGS. April is the time of the year to go over your old hog pastures and sprinkle a little grass seed on the bare spots. Then cover with a light coat of straw manure. Clover and timothy can be sown any time in March or April. Seeding on a fall of wet snow is very good as there is always sufficient moisture to insure good germination. If you do not have plenty of hog pasture seed down a strip along your old pasture and move the fence. Grass makes the cheapest and healthiest pork. Seed about four or five pounds of clover and seven or eight pounds of timothy to the acre. This can be sown with oats (better early oats) or wheat or better still with barley, as barley is the first to ripen and is off the ground earlier, giving the young plant a better chance. Grain that lodges will kill the young grass plants. Seed the small lots around the barn, for two reasons, you keep down the weeds and you get lots of good pasture for hogs. Care must be taken to keep hogs off this pas- ture in wet weather as they soon ruin a lot when ground is soft. CT>CDCOU:>CC»THCOOOrHOOiH 05 (M(NC 0 C 0 rt<'^< 0 THC 0 T}HL 0 t:^C 0 C 0 « 0 l>- 0 D 05 00 00 OOOO t-COQOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOQOCX)COOOCOOOC005a50i05 T— IrHrHrHTHi— IrHiHT-Hi— I tHtHtHi— li— H t-Ht— liHrHrHiHTHrHrHrH r^nd S fiS ciclpiE a>a)a)a)QJa»QPCJa>a>^ fe(VHp^p^WP 5 PQ^OOI>!>fiPKW«W«KOMP««KP Cu:)r^llOlOTi^lO'^iOT^^lOlOlOT^liOlr) tr-THait>-Loait:^iHi— iioaiocot^,— iLoast^T— irHioo^icot^i— OiOO?H(M(MCOTtH'^'^'^LCi^mCOtDt^CX)OOOOOOa 5 CiOO’— ' t^QOOOQOGOCOOOGOCOQOGOCOCOoOCX)OOOOCX)OOOOCOOOOOOOO:iC:)ON P ! o . tjD ; .9 • 'i § ^ 9 a> tc ^ a o pCl 0 ^ O OH? p • o oj a Mt rrt 9 2 ^ ej . cc • 9 • • P O) <1 02 P o c 3 O P l-D ^‘9 . d Hh nS-^ 03 O ” t-D H-D <1 P CO «w |w .3 i ?-( Ph cd r--^ . . ^-P 0 gn3 5 •a c.g • ^ r-H S a ® P .p w o *rP O o rp 02 < 1 5 o o o m o ^ Eh P o_. , tH 9 9 p t> T-S O P ^ 00 O 3 iHeCV|«><|(M 52 ITEMS OF INTEREST WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Troy Weight. 24 grains 1 pwt. 12 ounces 1 pound 20 pwts 1 ounce Apothecaries’ Weight. 20 grains 1 scruple 8 drams 1 ounce 3 scruples 1 dram 12 ounces 1 pound Avoirdupois Weight. 27 11-32 grains . . 1 dram 4 quarters 1 cwt. 16 drams 1 ounce 2,000 pounds. . 1 short ton 16 ounces 1 pound 2,240 pounds . . 1 long ton 25 pounds 1 quarter Dry Measure. 2 pints 1 quart 4 pecks 1 bushel 8 quarts 1 peck 36 bushels . . .1 chaldron Liquid Measure. 4 gills 1 pint 31% gallons 1 barrel 2 pints 1 quart 2 barrels .... 1 hogshead 4 quarts 1 gallon Time Measure. 60 seconds 1 minute 24 hours 1 day 60 minutes 1 hour 7 days 1 week 28, 29, 30 or 31 days — 1 calendar Month, (30 days — 1 month in computing interest.) 365 days 1 year 366 days ... .1 leap year Cloth Measure. 2% inches 1 nail 4 quarters 1 yard 4 nails 1 quarter Circular Measure. 60 seconds 1 minute 30 degrees 1 sign 60 minutes 1 degree 90 degrees ... 1 quadrant 4 quadrants. .12 signs or 360 degrees 1 circle Long Measure. 12 inches 1 foot 40 rods 1 furlong 3 feet 1 yard 8 furlongs . . 1 stat. mile 5% yards 1 rod 3 miles 1 league Mariners’ Measure. 6 feet 1 fathom 5,208 feet ... 1 stat. mile 120 fath. . .1 cable I’g’th 6,085 feet. . ..1 naut. mil" 7% cab. lengths..! mile ITEMS OF INTEREST 53 Square Measure. 144 sq. inches. .1 sq. foot 40 sq. rods 1 rood 9 sq. feet 1 sq. yard 4 roods 1 acre 30% sq. yards . . 1 sq. rod 640 acres 1 sq. mile Surveyors*. 7.92 inches 1 link 25 links 1 rod 4 rods 1 chain 10 square chains — 160 square rods .... 1 acre 80 chains 1 mile 640 acres .... 1 sq. mile 625 sq. links ... 1 sq. pole 16 sq. poles.. 1 sq. chain 10 sq. chains 1 acre Cubic. 1.728 cubic in..l cubic ft. 27 cubic ft..l cubic yd. 128 cubic ft . 1 cord wood 40 cub. ft. .1 ton (ship*g) 2150.42 cubic inches. . . 1 standard bushel 268.8 cubic inches. . . . 1 standard gallon 1 cubic foot. . .4-5 bushel To find the number of bushels in a bin of any dimensions, find the number of cubic feet by multi- plying the three dimensions of the bin in feet; de- duct 1-5, and the result is the number of bushels. U. S. Government Land Measure. A township — 36 sections each a mile square. A section 640 acres. A quarter section — Half a mile square, 160 acres. An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide — 80 acres. A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. The sections are all numbered 1 to 36 com- mencing at the northeast corner. The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The description of a forty-acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the southwest quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and some- times overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. NOTE — In most of the western states, where all of the land was laid out by the government, all ti- 54 ITEMS OF INTEREST ties, except in city lots, are passed by description as under the government survey, and there a square of six miles or 36 square miles make one township. WEATHER BUREAU FORECASTS AND STORM WARNINGS. The Weather Bureau furnishes, when practi- cal, for the benefit of all interests dependent upon weather conditions, the “Forecasts” which are pre- pared daily at the central office in Washington, D. C., and certain designated stations. These fore- casts are telegraphed to stations of the Weather Bureau, railway officials, postmasters, and many others, to be communicated to the public by means of flags, or steam whistles. The flags adopted for this purpose are five in number, and are of differ- ent forms and colors. Explanations of whistle signals: A warning blast of from 15 to 20 seconds duration is sounded to attract attention. After this warning the longer blasts (of from four to six seconds’ duration) refer to weather, and shorter blasts (from one to three seconds’ duration) refer to temperature; those for weather are sounded first. Blasts — Indicate One long Fair Weather Two long Rain or Snow Three long Local Rain or Snow One short Lower Temperature Two short Higher Temperature Three short Cold Wave By repeating each combination a few times, with intervals of ten seconds, liability to error in read- ing the signals may be avoided. As far as practi- cable, the forecast messages will be telegraphed at the expense of the Weather Bureau, but if this is impracticable, they will be furnished at the regular commercial rates and sent “collect.” In no case will the forecast be sent to a second address in any place, except at the expense of the applicant. Per- sons desiring to display the flags or sound the whis- tle signals for the benefit of the public should com- municate with the Weather Bureau officers in ITEMS OF INTEREST 55 charge of the climate and crop service of their re- spective states. THE DAIRY. 1. Observe and enforce the utmost cleanliness about cattle, their attendants, the stable, the dairy, and all utensils. 2. A person suffering from any disease, who has been exposed to a contagious disease, must re- main away from the cows and the milk. 3. Keep dairy cattle in a room or building by themselves. It is preferable to have no cellar below and no storage loft above. 4. Stables should be well ventilated, lighted and drained ; should have tight floors and walls and be plainly constructed. 5. Never use musty or dirty litter. 6. Allow no strong smelling material in the stable for any length of time. Store the manure under cover outside the cow stable and remove it to a distance as often as practicable. 7. Whitewash the stable once or twice a year; use land plaster in the manure gutters daily. 8. Use no dry, dusty feed just previous to milk- ing; if fodder is dusty, sprinkle it before it is fed. 9. Have the herd examined at least twice a year by a skilled veterinarian. 10. Do not move the cows faster than a com- fortable walk. 11. Provide water in abundance, easy of ac- cess, and always pure, fresh, but not too cold. 12. Salt should always be accessible. 13. Do not allow any strong flavored food, like silage, turnips, cabbage and garlic to be eaten ex- cept immediately after milking. 14. Do not use milk within twenty days before calving, nor for three to five days afterwards. TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND INCREASE THE QUANTITY OF BUTTER. Heat a quantity of good Deodorized Cooking (Cotton Seed) Oil to about blood heat, and just be- fore beginning to churn, add to the milk, using about one-third of a teacupful to each gallon of milk, and proceed as usual. 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North Carolina 1909 1910 Bales 660,000 1911-1912 Bales 1,165,000 South Carolina 1,188,000 1,725,000 Georgia 1,932,000 2,820,000 Florida 64,000 95,000 Alabama 1,088,000 1,730,000 Mississippi 1,137,000 1,225,000 Louisiana 286,000 400,000 Texas 2,653,000 4,268,000 Arkansas 728,000 945,000 Tennessee 253,000 455,000 All others 662,000 1,215,000 Total crop 10,651,000 ' 16,043,000 STATISTICS OF WOOL IN THE UNITED STATES. Fiscal Total Exports Domestic and Year Imports Pounds Foreign Pounds 1898-99 . 76,736,209 14,095,335 1899-1900 155,918,455 7,912,557 1900-01 . 103,583,505 3,790,067 1901-02 . 1 166,576,966 3,227,941 1902-03 . 177,137,796 3,511,914 1903-04 . 173,742,834 3,182,803 1904-05 . 249,135,746 2,561,648 1905-06 . 201,688,668 5,642,859 1906-07 . 203,847,545 3,446,748 1907-08 . 125,980,524 5,626,463 1908-09 . 266,409,304 3,523,975 1909-10 . 263,939,584 3,926,992 1910-11 . 137,647,641 8,205,679 1911-12 . 193,400,713 1,719,870 PRICES OP WHEAT (CHICAGO MARKET). 1904 . J anuary . . . . .. 81iA@1.22 ■ October 1905 , August .... ... 77%@1-24 February 1906 ,Aug.-Sep. .. ... 69i/g(S 943/4 April 1907 .January ... ...71 @1.05iA October 1908 July ... 841/2@1.11 May 1909 , August . . . . ... 99%@1.60 June 1910 November ., . .. 90V2@1.27y2 February 1911 April ... 831/4@1.01 January 1912 January . . . .. 933/8 @1.20 May ITEMS OF INTEREST 63 MEMORABLE DATES. Jan, 1. Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln, 1863. Jan. 17. Franklin born, 1706. Feb. 12. Abraham Lincoln born, 1809. Feb. 15. Battleship Maine blown up, 1898. Feb. 22. George Washington born, 1732. March 5. Boston Massacre, 1770. March 15. Andrew Jackson born, 1767. March 18. Grover Cleveland born, 1837. April 6. The North Pole reached by Commander Robt E. Peary, 1909. April 9. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, 1865. April 12. Fort Sumpter fired on, 1861. April 12. Henry Clay born, 1777. April 13. Thomas Jefferson born, 1743. April 14. Lincoln assassinated, 1865. Ap. 18-19. Earthqua*ke and great conflagration at San Francisco, 1906. April 19. Battle of Lexington and Concord, 1775. April 23. Shakespeare born, 1564. April 27. General U. S. Grant born, 1822. April 30. Washington was inaugurated first Pres- ident, 1789. May 1. Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila, 1898. j May 13. First English settlement in America, at Jamestown, 1607. May 20, Mecklenburg, N. C., Declaration of Inde- pendence, 1775. May 24. Queen Victoria born, 1819. June 14. Flag Day in the United States. June 17. Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. June 18. Battle of Waterloo, 1815. July 2. President Garfield shot, 1881. July 3. Cervera’s fleet was destroyed off Santi- ago, 1898. July 4. Declaration of Independence, 1776. July 16. Santiago surrendered, 1898. July 21. Battle of Bull Run, 1861. Aug. 7. Gen. Nathaniel Greene born, 1742. Aug. 13. Manila surrendered to Americans, 1898. Sep. 6. President McKinley shot at Buffalo, 1901. 64 ITEMS OF INTEREST Sep. 10. Battle of Lake Erie, Perry’s victory, 1813. Oct. 8-11. Great fire of Chicago, 1871. Oct. 12. Columbus discovered America, 1492. Nov. 9. Great fire in Boston, 1872. Nov. 10. Martin Luther born, 1483. Nov. 25. British evacuated New York, 1783. Dec. 14. Washington died, 1799. Dec. 16. Boston “Tea Party,” 1773. Dec. 22. Mayflower pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, 1620. THE ARMED STRENGTH OF THE WORLD. Countries. Total War Strength. Germany 4,000,000 Prance 2,100,000 Russia 4,500,000 Austria-Hungary 1,800,000 Italy 525,000 Great Britain 800,000 Japan 1,000,000 Spain 500,000 Belgium 165,000 Netherlands 102,000 Denmark 70,000 Sweden 328,000 Norway 113,000 Portugal 120,000 Bulgaria 350,000 Servia 175,000 Roumania 320,000 Switzerland 254,000 Turkey 725,000 Greece 50,000 Mexico 84,600 China 190,000 Brazil 53,000 Argentina 240,000 The United States standing army is as follows: The total enlisted strength, staff and line, is 76,911, exclusive of the provisional force and the hospital corps. 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P ; o ‘S -2 p p ■ o o -*-> -(-> q,P,c 3 to o «0 p,TO p^c3 Q.“ • •>>>>>> p p. -• : 133 “aSgSSsas >0 -O -O 'O -■2 p 5 o o ^ rf . w 5o p 'C 'fH >> 'u 'u. ‘^H '(-, aaaarf d aaanaa • • • >5 • • • O • ■'■^ p +-> • • p (13 a >5 0) P C O -'-’ P o O a P a a a P p 3 c <1 § Br-y«iHr"flailyJ»read? »v'4-? k that Grindstone m In otter words— "jgvfT il tte so by" and “pul it Wjfc«sBaieJk.^3 y; iriH fttd il^ll^ bank is abte do all your bankins business. Oir SAVINGS AND IDLE MONEY !fi 3^ <§ 6^ CITY LOANS FOR BORROWERS AND INVESTORS OrCKAfWFAIGN f»RlWT1N0.CO.. lEw. MO., U.S,A,