The Daniel Webster Birth Place Celebration [Single copies of this pamphlet may now be obtained gratis of the Rumford Press, Concord, N. H. Single copies of the full proceedings at the Webster Birth Place Celebration may also be so obtained with paper covers at 20 cents each, 50 copies at half price; with board covers at 25 cents each or leather bound at 50 cents each. Expected to be ready by October twenty-seventh. 1 AT FRANKLIN, NEW HAMPSHIRE ON AUGUST 28, 1913 Opening Address of WILLIAM E/CHANDLER President of the Webster Birth Place Association And The Poem in Fac-Simile Written by EDNA DEAN PROCTOR WEBSTER BIRTH PLACE ASSOCIATION CELEBRATION. TABLE OF CONTENTS Of the Proceedings at Franklin, New Hampshire, August 28, 1913. (1) Invocation by Rev. Rufus P. Gardner. (2) Opening address by Chief Justice Frank N. Parsons of Franklin, Vice- President. (3) Motion by Hon. Clarence E. Carr giving a vote of sympathy and thanks to Hon. William E. Chandler of Concord, President, — absent on account of sickness — adopted. (4) Address by Mr. Chandler, read by Hon. George H. Moses of Concord, late United States Minister to Greece and Montenegro. (5) Address by Governor Samuel Demeritt Felker. (6) Reading by Hon. Henry H. Metcalf of Concord of Poem by Miss Edna Dean Proctor. (7) Address by President Ernest Fox Nichols of Hanover, New Hamp- shire, in behalf of Dartmouth College. (8) Principal oration by Hon. Samuel W. McCall for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (9) Address by Senator Jacob H. Gallinger of Concord, read in his ab- sence by Hon. James O. Lyford of Concord. (10) Letters from speakers invited but unable to be present: United States Senator Hoke Smith of Georgia. United States Senator Henry F. Hollis (2) of Concord. Congressman Eugene E. Reed of Manchester. Congressman Raymond B. Stevens of Landaff. Hon. William H. Sawyer of New York City, Chairman of Local Committee. (11) Address by Hon. Samuel E. Pingree of Hartford, ex-Governor of Vermont. (12) Address by Hon. David Cross of Manchester, New Hampshire. (13) Address by Hon. Nahum J. Bachelder of Andover, ex-Governor of New Hampshire. (14) Address by Rev. Arthur Little of Newton ville, Massachusetts. (15) Closing address by Hon. Clarence E. Carr, Vice-President of the Association. (16) Benediction by Rev. H. C. McDougall. (17) Story of the restoration of the birth place; organization of the Web- ster Birth Place Association of October 26, 1910, with list of officers and members and contributors; donation and freedom from taxation granted by the legislature of New Hampshire. (18) Newspaper accounts of celebration, and newspaper comments. (19) Appendix — Fac-simile of Miss Edna Dean Proctor's poem on Mr. Webster; Mr. Chandler's note to his address. OPENING ADDRESS OF WILLIAM E. CHANDLER It is my privilege to open the proceedings of this occasion by telling you what has been done by our Birth Place Association for the restoration and permanent preservation of the little dwelling-house in which Daniel Webster was born on the eighteenth day of January, 1782, upon the spot where it now stands — then a part of the town of Salisbury, now a part of the city of Franklin. Mr. Webster, in addition to his surpassing qualities as an orator and statesman of world-wide fame, was pre-eminently inspired by constant admiration and affec- tion for the works of nature — for the joyous places, scenes and other aspects of the physical world appearing before him; such as are so indispensable to the happiness of every one of us in this troublesome yet wonderful world in whose vicissitudes we must live on, until there is lov- ingly opened before us the better, and, we hope, a little easier life for spiritual and immortal mankind. At a mass meeting at Saratoga on August 19, 1840, Mr. Webster, after attributing to political opponents the origin of a reproach that Candidate General William Henry Harrison had been born in a log cabin, went on to say: “It did not happen to me to be born in a log cabin; but my elder brothers and sisters were born in a log cabin, raised amid the snowdrifts of New Hampshire at a period so early that, when the smoke first rose from its rude chimney and curled over the frozen hills, there was no similar evidence of a white man's habitation between it and the settlements on the rivers of Canada. Its remains still exist. I make to it an annual visit. I carry my children to it to teach them the hardships endured by the gener- ations which have gone before them. “I love to dwell on the tender recollections, the kindred 2 ties, the early affections, and the touching narratives and incidents which mingle with all I know of this primitive abode. I weep to think that none of those who inhabited it are now among the living; and if ever I am ashamed of it, or if I ever fail in affectionate veneration for him who reared and defended it against savage violence and destruc- tion, cherished all the domestic virtues beneath its roof, and, through the fire and blood of seven years’ revolu- tionary war, shrunk from no danger, no toil, no sacrifice to serve his country and to raise his children to a condition better than his own, may my name and the name of my posterity be blotted forever from the memory of mankind.” On October 11, 1828, Mr. Webster wrote a letter on “Local Associations” to his friend, Jacob McGaw, who had written to him about a trip to Kingsbridge, White Plains, Benn’s Heights and other historic places he had recently visited. He wrote: “I never knew a man yet, nor a woman either, with a sound head and a good heart, that was not more or less under the power which these local associations exercise. “It is true that place, in these things, is originally accidental. Battles might have been fought elsewhere as well as at Saratoga or Bennington. Nevertheless, here they were fought; and nature does not allow us to pass over the scenes of such events with indifference, unless the scenes themselves have become familiar by frequent visits to them. For my part I love them all, and all such as they.” And again, to Chancellor James Kent, on June 5, 1832, concerning the former’s speech at Mr. Irving’s dinner, Mr. Webster wrote: “One line for the purpose of saying that the speech is a delightful little thing, just, sweet, affectionate. When I read the paragraph in. which you prefer what relates to the blue hills and mountain glens of our own country to sketches of foreign scenes and foreign countries, I wanted to seize your hand and give it a hearty shake of sympathy. Heaven bless this goodly land of our fathers! Its rulers and its people may commit a thousand follies, yet Heaven bless it! Next to the friends beloved of my heart, those same hills and glens and native woods and 3 native streams will have my last earthly recollections. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.” Moved by this same kind of inspiration which always controlled Mr. Webster, as well as by a sense of neglected duty towards the humble home of their greatest public man, citizens of New Hampshire, aided by many friends elsewhere, have at last rescued his birthplace from private control and — either in the hands of our Association or belonging in trust to the city of Franklin — the little building as it was in 1782 and as you now see it, with the 130 acres of the farm of Captain Ebenezer Webster, wherein were born Ezekiel and Daniel Webster, children of Abigail Eastman (not in the log cabin in which were born their brothers and sisters, the children of Mehitable Smith) — will stand in the far future a precious and attractive reminder of perhaps the most noted orator and statesman of this or any of the nations of the highest civilization in the world. The log cabin in which the brothers and sisters were born was located upon the same home-house-lot and the site is to be so marked by a boulder and a suitable tablet giving the result of the latest careful research. It is intended by the Association to improve and make pleasing the buildings you see — the birthplace building, the larger mansion and the large barn; and also to beautify the 130 acres by walls, gateways and modest monuments as well as by landscape gardening so as to make the whole most attractive to visitors from near and far away during all time to come. The next Webster home was three miles away, down on the banks of the Merrimack and known as the Elms Farm; and the last was at Marshfield, in Massachusetts, on the shores of the “ sounding sea,” where Mr. Webster so much indulged his pleasure in nature, and where he died on October 24, 1852. 4 It is not my province at this time to speak at any length of the public life of Mr. Webster. It has been my privilege to do so on two occasions: in the senate on December 20, 1894, upon the presentation by New Hampshire of the Stark and Webster statues to the National Gallery in the Capitol at Washington; and upon the presentation, on January 18, 1900, of the statue of Webster to be placed by Stilson Hutchins, a native of New Hampshire, on Massachusetts Avenue of the Capital City. Senator Gallinger took part in the proceedings in the senate and had hoped to be here today. Our principal speaker is a son of Dartmouth, Representative Samuel W. McCall, who has studied and eulogized Mr. Webster and his works with discrimination, power and eloquence. [At this point, upon the understanding that, when the proceedings of this day shall be published in final form, each speaker is privileged to extend his remarks by a general and generous “ leave to print,” Mr. Chandler brings to attention, at some length, two episodes in Mr. Webster’s career which he characterizes as epochal in their nature — as national events rather than orations in the career of a great orator.] The first of these, naturally, is Mr. Webster’s contest against the right of a state to leave the Union and in vindi- cation of the power of the nation, within constitutional limits, to impose its legislative will upon the several states. This episode of Mr. Webster’s labors for the Union and the Constitution culminates in the reply to Hayne which, Mr. Chandler declares, destroyed the doctrine of nullifica- tion. In support of this declaration he quotes the words of Secretary John D. Long when, as the President’s spokes- man, he received for the nation the statue of Webster to which reference has already been made, joining with his praise of Webster’s overwhelming arguments in the senate the luminous judgments of John Marshall on the bench; and saying of the Constitution framed by George Wash- 5 ington and his associates, that to Webster and Marshall “we owe its development, by interpretation and con- struction, into the great charter of powers which now constitute the national authority. They illuminated its letter with the national spirit. They breathed into its frame ^he full life of national sovereignty. ... As they prevailed, so they made the United States indis- soluble by internal convulsion and equal to the emer- gencies of the future which confronted them or which confront us.” The second event to which Mr. Chandler refers is Web- ster’s connection with and support of the compromise measures of 1850, indicated by the “ Seventh of March Speech” of that year. The reply to Hayne, he says, brought to Webster nothing but fame and honor. The Seventh of March speech produced severe condemnation from the North and resulted in Webster’s failure to secure the nomination to the presidency in 1852, which, Mr. Chandler asserts, should have been his. Mr. Chandler contends that the contemporary criticism of Webster in 1850 has no justification for its continuance now; for he argues, no one at that time believed that, as a sequence, would follow the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, the abandonment of the Wilmot proviso, the struggle in Kansas and at last the war for secession, while on the other hand every reasonable human being hoped that continued conciliatory legislation would in time come to find a wise solution of the problem of slavery in the United States. Mr. Webster’s course was based, says Mr. Chandler, upon an honest motive; and in this is to be found a perfect answer to the criticism of the moment — which should long ago have disappeared, he urges, in the further light of the certain knowledge that Webster, had he lived, would have supported Lincoln and the Union and the war to 6 preserve it, no less earnestly than did Stephen A. Douglas, the destroyer of the Missouri Compromise. [Mr. Chandler here referred to the emancipation of the slaves and to a history of American slavery contained in an address of his before a Grand Army Post at Nashua, N. H., on May 30, 1889, now printed as an appendix, and said :] God hardened Pharoah’s heart so he would not let the children of Israel go until there had come the plagues and the slaughter of the first born of Egypt. So an overruling Providence may have ordered the Compromise measures of 1850. Without them Secession would then have been attempted with as many slave states as free states in the Union and the result might have been two American republics, one slave and one free. The delay of ten years and the destruction of the Missouri Compromise by an infatuated south may have been necessary to arouse the north and give it victory, with Abraham Lincoln to destroy slavery. So if General McClellan had won victories in 1862 and captured Richmond the war might have ended with slavery not destroyed as a consequence thereof. Mc- Clellan was defeated and retreated to a gunboat on the James to write a letter to Mr. Lincoln telling him how the war ought to be conducted with slavery preserved, which singularity Mr. Lincoln told me he at once regarded as showing McClellan’s expectation to be a candidate for President in 1864. It is impossible to estimate the impor- tance of the ten years’ delay of the crucial struggle from 1850 to 1860. “God moves in a mysterious way his won- ders to perform!” Mr. Chandler’s closing words were these, spoken in behalf of the Webster Birth Place Association. With appreciative thanks for all aid we have received and for the attendance this day, we promise that this sacred spot shall be preserved and made attractive to all the future generations of New Hampshire men and women and shall be made an historic spot of sentiment and affec- tion to all true Americans. 7 APPENDIX TO MR. CHANDLER’S REMARKS. Decoration Day Address of William E. Chandler, on Thursday, May 30, 1889, at Nashua, N. H., Before John G. Foster Post No. 7, G. A. R. [Extracts from Part Relating to History of Slavery.] It would not be wise, within the limits of this discourse, to attempt to give a history of American slavery. From its feeble inception, and its recognition in the Constitution of 1788, the authors of which instrument did not venture there to call it by its dishonoring name, down to its final destruction, in 1866, by the 13th amendment of that Constitution, an outline of events will suffice for present purposes. At first slavery assumed somewhat the character of a paternal institution. Its evils were a cloud no bigger than a man’s hand. It seemed unnatural to America, and our forefathers believed that it would gradually disappear at no distant day. But at last it became the great, overwhelming national evil, the sum of all villainies, dominating all other interests, by reason of the acquisition of the slave regions of Louisiana, and the invention by Eli Whitney of the cotton gin, which caused an increased adaptation of slave labor to the production of the great American staple. Cotton becoming the chief American product for expor- tation, the South grew rich and prosperous through its culture. Cotton became king. The cotton lords became the wealthiest class in the country. But wealth was not the only advantage which slavery came to give to the South. It was also soon discovered by the slave- owners that slavery, thus made so profitable, would give them overwhelming political power in the government, such as the framers of the Constitution had not imagined when they pro- vided that in fixing the basis of representation in the Presidential Electoral College and for representatives in the popular branch of the National congress, there should be added to the total white population three fifths of all other persons, meaning the slave population. As the inevitable result the South took control of the government. A slave aristocracy grew up which dominated the nation with inexorable power. It controlled every congress, 8 » it selected all Presidents, it took possession of the supreme court; and when the Northern conscience concerning slavery — found to be thus protected and favored by the Constitution — began to show itself, the slave-owners resisted ail attempts to restrict or limit the institution, or to place it where the founders of the Constitution believed it should be placed — in a condition of progress towards final extinction. The declared policy of the slaveholding interests soon came to be this, — that the slave states should exceed, or at all events equal, the free states, so that there should never be a majority from the free states in the United States senate; and that when- ever in the growth of the nation new states should be added to the Union, if the slave states could not be kept in the majority, there should, at least, be admitted a slave state for every free state, so that there should be no opportunity afforded by legis- lation for weakening slavery in its intrenched position in the National government. The thirteen original states had arranged themselves seven free, six slave. Louisiana, with slavery, became a state in 1812; and the free and slave states were thus made equal. Thenceforth the slave power took care that new states should come in only in pairs: — Kentucky and Vermont; Tennessee and Ohio; Indiana and Mississippi; Illinois and Alabama; Maine and Missouri (the free states here gaining the Missouri Compromise, dedicat- ing to freedom in the future all the Louisiana purchase, except Missouri, north of 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude) ; Arkansas and Michigan; Florida and Iowa. When Mr. Polk became President, fifteen states had been admitted — eight slave and seven free; and the states were twenty-eight in number — free fourteen, slave fourteen. Next the Mexican War, unjustifiably waged to enlarge the area of slavery, gave to the Union the slave state of Texas; but the free state of Wisconsin was close at the door and kept the balance even. But in proportion as slavery, through the facilities which it afforded for acquiring wealth, and through the political power which it gave to ambitious men, strengthened its hold upon the South and the nation; so hatred of slavery, based upon its in- human and unchristian character, grew stronger at the North. Widespread agitation began; the privilege of free speech was fully exercised; and that great anti-slavery conflict ensued, the ac- 9 counts of which must form the greater part of our history during our first hundred years; and this conflict, from the very consti- tution of human nature, could end only in the destruction of slavery or in its complete and overwhelming ascendency in the nation. Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward are both recorded as having said that it was impossible that this country could long exist half slave and half free. At Springfield, Illinois, June 17, 1858, Mr. Lincoln said , — “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot permanently endure half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect that it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all another. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward until it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South.” At Rochester, New York, October 25, 1858, Mr. Seward said, — • “It is an irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces, and it means that the United States must and will, sooner or later, become either entirely a slaveholding nation, or entirely a free labor nation. Either the cotton and rice fields of South Carolina and the sugar plantations of Louisiana will ultimately be tilled by free labor, and Charleston and New Orleans become marts for legitimate merchandise only, or else the rye fields and wheat fields of Massachusetts and New York must again be sur- rendered by their farmers to slave culture and to the production of slaves, and Boston and New York become once more markets for trade in the bodies and souls of men.” In 1850 the contest over slavery assumed such proportions and such bitterness that good men of all parties found their fears lest there should be a dissolution of the Union reaching a culminating point. As a result of this crisis of fear the compromise measures of that year were adopted, and during the presidential canvass of 1852 both political parties of the country acquiesced in them, and declared them to be final and perpetual. But the result of the election of 1852, when a pro-slavery president was chosen from New Hampshire, indicated to the slave interests that the Northern people, in their fears that the slavery conflict would 10 bring a dissolution of the Union, would submit to almost any measure for the protection of slavery which might be demanded by its advocates. The compromises of 1850 had also proved unsatisfactory to the South. Although it had obtained the passage of a fugitive slave law, it had been compelled to consent to the admission of the free state of California, which had sud- denly through the discovery of gold sprung into being as a great and prosperous commonwealth, and this admission, without that of any counterbalancing slave state, had at last broken the Southern scheme and made the Union of states one containing sixteen free states to fifteen slave states. From these two conditions — the belief that the North would submit to every demand of slavery, and the dissatisfaction of the South because it had lost the balance of power — came the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, which repeal, it was absurdly contended, was a legitimate outcome of the compromises of 1850, whereas it was in fact an absolute violation 'and destruction of those measures, and opened up to slavery a vast and fertile territory which under the Missouri Compromise had been forever consecrated to liberty and to free institutions. In aid of the new Southern demand came the Dred Scott Decision, in which the Supreme Court asserted a principle never before seriously contended for by the South, that slavery instead of being an exceptional and local institution was entitled to be universal and national, and that the slave-owner had a right to take and hold his slaves in all the territories of the Union. With this reopening of the anti-slavery struggle, came the memorable conflict on the plains of Kansas to decide whether that territory should become another free state, to give to freedom two majority of the states, or whether it should be wrested from freedom and admitted as a slave state under the Lecompton constitution, to make the slave states again equal in number to the free states. In this momentous contest the North and freedom triumphed. The dark tide of slavery which had swept from Missouri over the Kansas border, was driven back; free state settlers from New England controlled Kansas, and thwarted all attempts of the slave power to organize its government. The issue, which had become the absorbing national question, was taken into the presidential election of 1860. The Republican party, which had been formed to resist slavery extension, nominated Mr. Lincoln. 11 The Democratic party broke into two fragments, and Mr. Lin- coln was elected President. This election of Mr. Lincoln cer- tainly gave no just cause for war, but the South saw in the result the defeat of their plans for slavery extension, and the destruction of their method of protection for slavery. They determined to resist the new administration facing toward freedom: they or- ganized a Southern Confederacy based on slavery : and thus came our great conflict, a battle on the one side for the dissolution of the Union in order to secure the extension into free territory of the crime of human slavery, and on the other side a contest for the restriction of slavery within its existing limits, the consecra- tion to freedom of all the great unorganized territories of the United States, and the ascendency of freedom in America through the maintenance unbroken of the Constitution and the Union. Thus it clearly appears that the war was on account of slavery, and did not arise from any other cause. 12 Daniel Webster. At his birth place , Salisbury (Franklin), New Hampshire, August, 28, 1913. Hail to the home that reared him! hail to the hills, the stream, That heard his earliest accents, that shared his earliest dream ! A place it is for pilgrimage — for gratitude to shrine A name and fame whose grandeur will never know decline; And with honor and remembrance and reverent accord, For his greatness and his service we bless and praise the Lord. From his own Kearsarge and Katahdin to Shasta’ s dome of snow, From Superior’s pines to the tropic Gulf where the palm and the orange grow, He loved his land and in dreams beheld the splendor of its prime — A mighty nation nobly dowered for a destiny sublime; And he strove to weld the States in one with a strength no power could sever, For the cry of his heart was, Liberty and Union, now and forever! We think of him as a 'mountain peak that towers above the lea, Where sunshine falls and lightnings flash and all the winds blow free; And his voice comes back like the swelling chant, within some minster old, That floods the nave and thrills the aisles and dies in a strain of gold! So lofty his eloquence, grand his mien, had he walked the Olympian plain 13 The listening, wondering throngs had thought great Zeus come down to reign; For beneath the blue or in stately halls, he swayed the hearts of men, As the boughs are swayed by the rushing wind that sweeps o’er wood and glen — As the earth is swayed by the primal fires that burn beyond our ken. And when nor plea nor prayer availed war’s awful strife to shun, His fervor glowed in the flag aloft and nerved each North- ern gun, And above the roar of battle and the rage of mad endeavor, His cry still echoed, Liberty and Union, now and forever! Do we look alone at the wounding thorn when the crimson rose waves high? Do we hear but the one discordant note as the symphony rolls by? The clouds on his fame are like morning mists in the path of the full-orbed sun, For his glorious, deathless words will shine Down the years with a light divine till dawns and days are done ! And whatever world has gained him it will be a heaven to him That the Union lives, resplendent, not one star lost or dim. Hail to the home that reared him! hail to the hills, the stream, That heard his earliest accents, that shared his earliest dream ! And while the skies enfold Kearsarge and the meadows Merrimack river, From sea to sea, shall our watchword be His patriot heart-cry, Liberty and Union, now and forever ! Edna Dean Proctor. 4 THE WEBSTER BIRTH PLACE ASSOCIATION. OF FRANKLIN, NEW HAMPSHIRE. As will be seen by visitors the large dwelling-house, barn and other buildings are out of repair. Urgent repairs have been made upon them, but much yet remains to be done. The grounds and approaches also call for expenditure beyond the present resources of the Association. The legislature of New Hampshire at its late session voted aid to the extent of $1500, and exempted the property from taxation. The only source of future income will be fees of members and donations. The fees have been fixed as follows : Life membership, $100, — with no liability for future dues. Active membership, $10, — with only such future gifts as may hereafter be voluntarily paid. It has been the hope that generous and public-spirited admirers of Mr. Webster, especially from his native State of New Hampshire, would respond by donations. It is desired to raise not less than $20,000 for the purposes above indicated, — as well as for appropriate and permanent care of the property. The officers of the Association will make public annual reports of all receipts and expenditures, — and also make acknowledgment of all moneys received from every source. The undersigned have been appointed a committee to solicit new members and contributions. We seek as many life members and donations as we can obtain, but are exceedingly desirous of having as annual members those friends who feel that they cannot afford, or do not care to become life mem- bers, and we are much in immediate need of such $10 memberships as they may be willing to use as their method of now making such contributions even without continuing their memberships. Under the by-laws no one can be made liable for any future payment without his express prior consent. Applications for memberships, with checks, may be sent to the Treasurer, Dr. John W. Staples, Franklin, N. H., or remittances may be made to any one of the undersigned: Alvah W. Sulloway, Franklin, Edward G. Leach, Franklin, Clarence E. Carr, Andover, Jacob H. Gallinger, Concord, William E. Chandler, Concord, Committee on Membership. October 11, 1913. The Restored Birth Place House. Photograph by Hon. George B. Leighton, Monadnock, N. H. The Larger Mansion House. Photograph by Hon. George B. Leighton, Monadnock, N. H.