L I E> RARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UN IVLRSITY 
 
 or ILLINOIS
 
 ^. ^irfllas €alkQt aitir its ^r!jO0ls. 
 
 A 
 RECORD OF THIRTY YEARS' WORK 
 
 IX THE EFFORT 
 
 TO ENDOW THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND 
 
 WITH A SYSTEM OF 
 
 ;elf-sitpp0rtxng |lublic goarMitg-§rh0oIs 
 for the Hpper, <|Hii)bk, mxb |!ctoer 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD C. LOWE, D.D. 
 
 PKOVOST OF DENSTOXE, CANOX OF ELY, AND LATE 
 HEAD MASTEK OF HrRSTPIEEPOINT. 
 
 (BxiatH mis Uontion: 
 
 JAMES PAEKEE AXD CO. 
 
 1878.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I^N" the year 1860, being tlien in charge of S. John's 
 Middle School, Hurstpierpoint, I was applied to by my 
 revered friend, the late Et. Hon. Sir John Taylor Cole- 
 ridge, to furnish information on the subject of S. [N'icolas 
 College and its Schools, for the use of the Royal Commis- 
 sioners (of whom he was one), who were then enquiring 
 into the state of education among the poor. It subse- 
 quently appeared that these schools did not fall within the 
 scope of that enquiry, and the information I drew up for 
 my friend was not presented to the Commission. But when, 
 in 1861, a public meeting was held in S.James's Hall, 
 under the presidency of the late Lord Brougham, for the 
 promotion of S. Nicolas College, and general interest was 
 directed towards our Institutions, the material which I had 
 compiled for another purpose, appeared likely to answer the 
 enquiries that then sprang up, and with Sir John Coleridge's 
 permission, it appeared in the form of a letter addressed to 
 him. On the extension of the work of the college into the 
 Midland district in 1866, a second edition, quickly followed 
 by a third, was called for; and now, in 1878, when the 
 letter has been for some time out of print, the fresh opera- 
 tions of the college, always stimulating fresh curiosity, and 
 exciting hardly less interest, suggest a re-statement of its 
 original design, and a record of its operations in the in- 
 terval. 
 
 The form of my narrative is changed. It may no longer 
 retain the shape of a letter addressed to the friend who 
 has passed from among us; but the remembrance of his 
 wise counsel and unfailing sympathy must ever to me, 
 personally, be matter of thankful acknowledgment, as of
 
 IV INTEODUCTIOK-. 
 
 an invaluable boon ; while on pnblic grounds there is no 
 less canse for pride and eneonragement in the thought, 
 that along with other foremost men of his day, a judge 
 so distinguished and so esteemed, and a Churchman so 
 eminent as Sir John Coleridge, should from the first rise 
 of S. Nicolas College have discerned its necessity, and 
 the wisdom and capability of its design. For myself, who 
 for thirty years have found health and reasonable satis- 
 faction in its service, I cannot but gratefully recall the 
 venerable Judge's suggestion, made to me in the early 
 autumn of 1848, when I, a newly- ordained priest in the 
 parish where he lived, was talking to him of the difficulty 
 I found in my district, from the fact that in the absence 
 of a suitable Church school, all the farmers' sons attended 
 a then flourishing school in the neighbourhood under dis- 
 senting direction. ** Why not start one yourself," asked 
 the Judge; ''and write," he added, "to Mr. "Woodard of 
 Shorehara for information about his new scheme." We 
 had but a few weeks before this been reading how the 
 Curate of New Shoreham, after opening in the dining-room 
 of his parsonage a middle-class day-school, had in Augu-st, 
 1848, developed this brave, but rude beginning, into a small 
 boarding-school in an adjoining house. That boarding- 
 school has now expanded into the proportions which it 
 is the purpose of these pages to pourtray. The commu- 
 nication suggested by the Judge was made, and was the 
 turning-point of my vocation. The following January found 
 me, as I still am, through the goodness of Providence, 
 a servant of Church-of-England Middle-class Education, 
 enrolled upon the foundation of S. Nicolas College, a col- 
 league of Nathaniel Woodard. 
 
 Denstone, TJttoxetee, 
 S. Bartliolomew's Day, 1878. 

 
 . Ilkoks €alkQt aitb its Sj:Ij00Is. 
 
 The society, or as it might be called the corporation, of 
 S. Nicolas College, comprises four large public schools, 
 three in Sussex, and one in Staffordshire, in full operation ; 
 with large buildings, on a scale of architectural dignity and 
 beauty which surprises those who visit them for the first 
 time ; the erection of a fifth great school is now commencing 
 in Shropshire ; and besides these, with their precincts, play- 
 grounds, and farms, there are two allied schools for girls, 
 one in Sussex, and one in Staffordshire, not forming part 
 of the main confederation, but allied with it, and indirectly 
 regulated by it. To estimate, or even to understand, the 
 nature and bearing of these several schools, they must be 
 considered in their relation to the common system to which 
 they all belong, and the purpose they are founded to serve. 
 When, in 1848, the Eev. N. Woodard, now Canon Woodard, 
 began to consider how a remedy might be found for the 
 many mischiefs — social, political, and religious — which his 
 experience in a London parish had previously brought home 
 to him, and which that ill-omened year of revolution forced 
 upon the attention of every citizen, he convinced himself 
 that the real way of improving the working class, was by 
 raising the tone of the emploi/in^ class; and the defective 
 education within reach of the latter appeared to him the 
 radical evil for which a remedy was to be sought. In 
 a pamphlet, extensively circulated but never published, 
 called ''A Plea for the Middle Classes," he put forward 
 his views, and a practical scheme for carrying them out. 
 His idea was to provide a sound education, on public school 
 principles, for that large portion of the people who occupy
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 the space between the gentry and the professions on the one 
 side, and the artizan and the labourer on the other. "The 
 two extremes — the rich and the poor,'* he then wrote, " are 
 finding means in abundance for obtaining the education best 
 suited to each. But the middle classes are above charity on 
 the one hand, and on the other, as a body, cannot give suffi- 
 cient remuneration to secure competent teachers, when the 
 Church withdraws her hand." His plan was to found a 
 society of men^ united as fellows of a college, or rather of 
 a confederation of colleges, to build, endow, carry on and 
 govern schools for the benefit of the various sub-divisions 
 of the large middle class. These schools were essentially to 
 be in connexion with the Church of England, and accord- 
 ingly to be in direct relation to the bishop of the diocese 
 in which they were established. The society, or corporation, 
 was to co-operate to raise funds for sites and buildings in 
 any diocese, where the Bishop was willing to act as Visitor. 
 
 In general outline he believed that a series of three large 
 boarding-schools for about 300 boys each in a diocese, would 
 supply a large and telling amount of education in the dis- 
 trict. The highest school was to be on full remunerative 
 terms, for the sons of gentlemen and others, preparatory to 
 the Universities; the second was to offer a superior com- 
 mercial education for the sons of tradesmen and farmers at 
 a moderate cost; and the third was to meet the case of the 
 many persons who, unwilling to send their children to Na- 
 tional Schools, send them to very inferior day-schools in 
 the suburbs of large towns. For these last he proposed to 
 open schools at a very low rate, sufficient to cover the cost 
 of the boys' board, but, if it should prove necessary, leaving 
 the expenses of the masters' salaries, &c., to be met by the 
 profits of the higher schools. The incomes of the several 
 schools were to form a common fund, under the manage- 
 ment of the college ; and the proceeds, after deducting work- 
 ing expenses, to go to the furtherance of the society's scheme 
 of education. Mr.Woodard further stated in his pamphlet,
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 that it would be on the zeal of clergymen that he should 
 largely rely for carrying on his institutions, and that he 
 ■was sure, as soon as the opportunity was given of working 
 in so useful a cause, that as many clergymen would be 
 forthcoming to labour as schoolmasters on a moderate but 
 sufficient stipend, as there are numbers who, as curates, 
 work on a wholly inadequate stipend. Lastly, he considered 
 that the country might fairly be called on for voluntary 
 contributions to provide the school-buildings, without com- 
 promising the independence of those whom he proposed to 
 benefit; inasmuch as few, if any, public boarding-schools 
 existed suitable to the special wants of the commercial 
 classes; and, while abundant endowments were provided for 
 those who could afford to educate their sons to the age of 
 two-and-twenty, of for the labourer who sends his boys to 
 the National School, there were none, that he knew of, 
 where endowments were available for those who have to 
 put their children to trade between fifteen and seventeen. 
 How far he has succeeded in developing his scheme into 
 action, the details I now proceed to give will enable my 
 readers to judge. 
 
 I must first explain the framework and of6.ce of the 
 college or managing body, as distinct from the schools under 
 its control. A society is plainly essential to the develop- 
 ment of such a work as !Mr. "Woodard had conceived, and 
 still more to the perpetuation of it. A series of schools, 
 established for various grades of people, with corresponding 
 variations of system, requires, for seeming anything like 
 unity and loyalty, the existence of a definite ruling body. 
 Experience has shewn how hereditary or elected trustees 
 sleep or wake under their trust as the schools they represent 
 are inactive or otherwise ; while the management of a board 
 of directors representing a proprietary has been found in 
 numerous instances to lead to failure. A society of men 
 professionally devoted to the cause of education, with a 
 direct personal interest in its extension and in the success
 
 8 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 of their system, seems at once the wise plan to adopt. It 
 is a primary requisite to secure in the schools of every grade 
 men superior to sordid motive or to exclusive notions of 
 personal dignity. Such men will be the best servants of 
 the public, but they must not be exposed to the trial of un- 
 necessary isolation, nor must room be left for any feeling of 
 inferiority, because one man works in a lower school than 
 another. The several workers from their respective spheres 
 are to be brought together in the society as members of an 
 educating corporation, to learn in the interests of the object 
 common to all to look beyond their own school, and to find 
 themselves equal with their fellows in common deliberation. 
 Outside itself such a society can render service to the public 
 by its power to resist undue pressure, and to maintain such 
 a standard of instruction and system of discipline, as ex- 
 perience shall shew to be most beneficial, with an authority 
 unattainable under private management. At the same time, 
 a society of men engaged in the direction of a system of 
 education, will carry with it no appearance of that patron- 
 izing, which one social class often resents at the hands of 
 another, and which makes tradesmen and tenantry suspi- 
 cious of an honorary board of county or city notabilities, 
 w^hile its experience soon carries it beyond that pernicious 
 meddling, well described as fussiness, which has been the 
 actual ruin of many an over-managed school. It was in 
 1848 that Mr. Woodard propounded his views, and, having 
 done so, he at once submitted his plans for carrying them 
 out to the then Bishop of Chichester as diocesan. His Lordship 
 having consented to act as Visitor, Mr. "Woodard proceeded 
 to constitute the society under the name of the Provost and 
 Fellows of S. Nicolas College ; he himself, as founder, as- 
 suming the responsibilities of Provost. 
 
 This society of Fellows has for many years been formed, 
 and as the college Calendar shews, contains men of in- 
 fluence and rank both in Church and State. Besides the 
 Fellovvs, there are on the Poundalion a body of men called
 
 S. Ntcolas College and its Schools. 
 
 Associates of S. Nicolas College, who have undergone a three 
 years' training with ns for a certificate, enabling them to 
 teach as salaried masters in our schools: and furthermore, 
 the [Foundation comprises Probationary Associates, who are 
 youths i?i statu pupillari, preparing for this certificate ; 
 Scholars, who as collegers are educated at a lower rate than 
 ordinary pupils; and Servitors, who, though fulfilling the 
 humbler duties of domestic servants, receive a good English 
 education, and, by means of scholarships open to them, have 
 opportunities of advancement in the social scale. The gov- 
 ernment of the whole rests with the Provost and Fellows, 
 who transact their business in Chapter or College meetings. 
 
 The society is not yet incorporated under royal charter, 
 nor by Act of Parliament ; but the trust-deed of its build- 
 ings, lands, and endowments, is enrolled in Chancery, and 
 certain funds are paid over through that Court to the Provost 
 of S. Nicolas College, as such, for the time being. It may 
 be as well at this point to quote from the trust-deed the 
 object of the society, and the mode by which it is required 
 to promote that object. It is enrolled "for the purpose of 
 promoting and extending education among the middle classes 
 in her Majesty's dominions, and especially among the poorer 
 members of those classes, in the doctrines and principles of 
 the Church now established, as set forth in the Book of 
 Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments, and 
 other rites and ceremonies of the said Church ; and it is in- 
 tended that the operations of the said society shall be car- 
 ried on by means of colleges and schools established, and to 
 be established, in various places: no such college or school 
 to be founded or opened without the permission of the Bishop 
 of the diocese within which the same may be situate ; the 
 education in such colleges and schools to be conducted by 
 clergymen and laymen in communion with the said Church. 
 And whereas it has been determined that such colleges or 
 schools shall be of three distinct grades or classes — the first 
 for the sons of clergymen and other gentlemen ; the second
 
 10 S. Nicolas College audits Schools. 
 
 for the sons of substantial tradesmen, farmers, clerks, and 
 others of similar station ; and the third for the sons of petty- 
 shopkeepers, skilled mechanics, and other persons of very 
 small means, who have at present no opportunity of procur- 
 ing for their children better instruction than is given in 
 parochial and other primary schools — and that the charges 
 in all the schools shall be on as moderate a scale as the 
 means of the society will allow, and particularly that the 
 maximum charges of schools of the third class shall be 
 so fixed, that the boys in such last-mentioned schools shall 
 be boarded and educated for a sum very little (if at all) 
 exceeding what it would cost their parents to provide them 
 with food at home.*' — Extract from the Trust-deed of S. 
 Nicolas' College, enrolled in Her Majest\fs Sigh Court of 
 Chancery. 
 
 The first Trustees under this deed were, Lord Robert 
 Cecil, M.P., now Marquis of Salisbury; the Eight Hon. 
 Sir J. Patteson; A. J. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P. ; H. 
 Tritton, Esq., and the Eight Hon. J. G. Hubbard, IM.P. 
 
 The vacancy caused by the death of the revered Sir John 
 Patteson, is filled by Sir P. Percival Heywood, Bart. The 
 more recent death of Mr. Henry Tritton, has created a vacancy 
 which has not yet been filled up, and for which we wonder 
 where we shall find a successor to emulate in resolution, 
 steadfastness, piety, and munificence, this friend and bene- 
 factor, whose name must be ever held in honourable remem- 
 brance among us. 
 
 The extension of S.Nicolas College beyond the confines 
 of Sussex, by an invitation, in 1866, into the diocese of 
 Lichfield, led to the maturing of the Founder's plans of 
 general organization; and in a Letter to the Marquis of 
 Salisbury, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, in 1869, 
 Provost Woodard submitted some suggestions for the per- 
 manent constitution of his society, which were subsequently 
 embodied in the statutes delivered by him in 1873, when 
 he established, under the Bishop of Lichfield as Visitor,
 
 S, Nicolas College and its Schools. 11 
 
 a society of Provost and Pellows in the Midland district of 
 England. This new society is self-governing under these 
 statutes, and independent within its own geographical limits ; 
 but it nevertheless forms part of a larger federation, which 
 comprises both it and the original society in the south, of 
 which Canon Woodard is Provost, and which is ready to in- 
 corporate into itself the other independent, but federally 
 connected societies, which we hope in due course will follow 
 one another in other quarters of the country. 
 
 The main points in the constitution of S. Nicolas College, 
 as distinguished from the schools governed by it, were set 
 forth by the Founder in his letter to Lord Salisbury in 1869, 
 as follows : — 
 
 I. The establishment of large centres of education in 
 well-chosen divisions of the country. In the first instance, 
 Jive: one for the east, one for the west, one for the north, 
 and one for the south, and one (the most important of all) 
 for the Midland counties. 
 
 II. It is proposed that these five centres should each be 
 endowed with sufficient funds to support a Provost, and 
 twelve Senior Fellows or Canons, who shall give their whole 
 time to carrying forward, in their several districts, the work 
 of education. 
 
 III. To the end that the Provost and the twelve Seniors 
 in each district may be able properly and efi'ectually to carry 
 on their work, they shall have associated with them twelve 
 non-resident Seniors, who shall be elected from gentlemen 
 in the district. 
 
 ly. The resident and non-resident Fellows shall be go- 
 verned by the same rules, and have equal powers ; but the 
 non-resident members shall not in the first instance, if at 
 all, be paid more than their personal expenses : on these 
 twenty-five persons will devolve the guardianship of Church 
 education within their assigned district. 
 
 V. That they shall, in the first place, labour and use 
 their influence to supply the district to which they belong
 
 12 S.Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 ■with public boarding-schools of three grades : one for the 
 rich; one for tradesmen, and persons of good incomes; and 
 one for small tradesmen, and farmers, and artizans, and that 
 large class of prospering men who are in a state of progress 
 from the position of dependence to that of being employers 
 of labour ; and attached to the two last there will be train- 
 ing colleges for commercial schoolmasters. Besides this, in 
 every large town in their district, they shall have day- 
 schools of the very highest description, to supply the wants 
 of those of the inhabitants who will not send their sons 
 from home. And in all these schools it shall be understood 
 that there is a federal relation existing between them and 
 the centre Institution, with scholarships from school to 
 school, up to the highest, and to the Universities. This 
 relation to be further strengthened {a) by the funds of each 
 school being applicable for a common object ; (h) by the 
 character and the teaching in each grade of school being 
 similar — that is to say, a public school education and train- 
 ing; {c) by large musters from time to time of all the 
 schools at the common centre, for religious and social objects. 
 
 VI. But besides this seniority of the Provost and twenty- 
 four Eellows, there shall be three other grades of members : — 
 (1.) twenty-four actual Fellows; (2.) twenty-four pro- 
 bationary Fellows, all engaged in the work of education, and 
 sharing the net profits of the school; and (3.) a body of 
 Associates, varying in number in each district; the powers 
 and rights of each of these grades to be defined in the 
 statutes. 
 
 Lastly, the details by which each of the districts are to be 
 bound together in one whole will also appear in the statutes, 
 it being sufficient to observe: — 1. That, subject to as few 
 statutes as will protect and secure the society to the objects 
 of the trust, the collective Seniors of the five centres, in all 
 125 persons, will have absolute power to make bye-laws, and 
 direct the whole affairs of the united centres ; and that in all 
 matters relating to the statutes and the conduct of the mem-
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 1 3 
 
 bers, the Bishop of the diocese will be both Yisitor and 
 Ordinary. This was "the rough outline" of the scheme 
 propounded in 1869; and though made known, as the 
 Founder then declared to Lord Salisbury, ''with fear and 
 trembling," it was found, after full submission to the wisdom 
 of competent persons, well adapted to be the basis of the 
 statutes under which, in 1873, the Centre Society for the 
 Midland Counties was constituted under the name of the 
 ProYost and Pellows of the College of S. Mary and S. John 
 of Lichfield. Under these statutes Bishop Selwyn accepted 
 the office of Yisitor ; who declared at Shrewsbury, in Nov. 
 1877, after four years' experience, that he found himself by 
 statute invested with full and ample powers, as Yisitor and 
 Ordinary, for the regulation and supervision of the society. 
 
 Such is the constitution of the corporation of S. Nicolas 
 College and its Central Societies, and to this constitution the 
 attention of persons interested in the question is specially 
 directed, as being, far more than the management of the dif- 
 ferent schools, the characteristic and essential feature of the 
 movement ; for it is this federal bond which lifts these 
 schools above the level of mere Diocesan, or County, or Pro- 
 prietary Institutions, fixing them on broader principles, free- 
 ing them from the defects of the commercial element, which 
 looks to a dividend as a primary consideration, and locking 
 them sure and fast to the strong foundations of the Church 
 of England. Great centres, complete each in itself, with en- 
 dowed Pellows, resident and working, and non-resident Fel- 
 lows, chiefly laymen, gentlemen of practical habits, and alive 
 to the wants and sympathies of the people, with equal au- 
 thority in the government, offer these especial advantages 
 among others. They allow for variations in religious matters, 
 without offence or scandal, arranging for divergence in mat- 
 ters of opinion to meet the wishes of the several districts, and 
 this without any gi'ound of complaint one against the other. 
 On the other hand, in case of scandal or any outrage upon 
 the faith or custom of the Church, the general body can
 
 14 8. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 without noise set it right. The Seniors, by residing in dif- 
 ferent counties where the schools are at work, will greatly 
 help by their experience and influence the schools of the 
 lower grades, while the Provost and Residents at head- 
 quarters may be expected to give a proper tone to the re- 
 ligious feeling of the place, and set an example that will be 
 felt through the allied Institutions of the district. The 
 buildings needed for the accommodation of such a body of 
 active Governors will indicate by their size and proportion, 
 as may be seen at Lancing, the dignity of their work ; and 
 the marked features of hall and chapel, and large re- 
 ception-rooms and class-rooms, will not only compel the at- 
 tention of the country, but will breed an esprit de corps 
 among their alumni, and teach them indirectly, but forcibly 
 and enduringly, a due sense of the grandeur and nobility of 
 the Church from which these homes of learning and piety 
 have had their birth. 
 
 Such are the position and relations of the society as a col- 
 lege, directing a series of schools ; but before entering on 
 the details of these, I must draw attention to a very im- 
 portant and promising part of our foundation, which, though 
 not directly connected with the governing body, is an essen- 
 tial part of the working body, and one on which our success 
 largely depends; this is the Training Colleges for Middle 
 Schoolmasters in our Middle and Lower Middle Schools at 
 Hurstpierpoint, Denstone, and Ardingly. It is unnecessary 
 to enlarge on the difficulty of finding duly-qualified men as 
 assistants in superior schools. We suff'ered for a long time 
 from this deficiency ; but the Training Colleges are supply- 
 ing our wants in the most satisfactory manner, and I am in 
 duty bound to testify to the high character, the zeal, and 
 skill, of the assistant masters in my old school, who had 
 undergone this training ; and it is with additional pleasure 
 that I am able to record the same high testimony from 
 the Heads of our other schools, who for years have been em- 
 ploying these men, to their efficiency, their high tone and
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 1 5 
 
 bearing, their general usefulness, and the hearty co-operation 
 they always lend to anything that affects the welfare or 
 credit of the society. Youths enter at the age of sixteen on 
 a three years' course of study and probation, with a view to 
 a certificate from the college at the end of that time, which 
 will enable them to enter as salaried masters any school of 
 S. Nicolas College to which they may be appointed, with the 
 title of Associate of S. Kicolas College. At present the col- 
 lege undertakes to find them such employment. This de 
 partment is mainly and most satisfactorily supplied from the 
 Middle Grammar Schools. Youths entering direct, without 
 having been preyiously in one of our schools, are found often 
 very poorly prepared ; and accordingly we have been obliged 
 to fix the entrance examination at a very low standard. 
 The minimum required is a knowledge of the Church Cate- 
 chism and Scripture history, with either one Gospel in Greek, 
 or a thorough knowledge of the Acts in the Authorized Yer- 
 sion, the fundamental rules of arithmetic, Latin grammar, 
 and one book of the ^neid with one of Caesar, or an equi- 
 valent ; the outlines of English history, geography, vrriting, 
 and dictation. The payment here is £27 per annum, but 
 there are exhibitions, supported at present by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions, open to boys who have been two years in the 
 society's school, which reduce expenses to £17 17s., and 
 even less. 
 
 The final examination, on passing which the candidate 
 is entitled to his certificate of Associate of S. iN'icolas Col- 
 lege, is as follows : — 
 
 i. Divinity : — The Prayer Book ; Palmer's Church His- 
 tory ; one Gospel in Greek, (other than that offered 
 at the ** Entrance" Examination). 
 
 ii. Mathematics : — Arithmetic ; Euclid, Books i, ii, iii ; 
 Algebra to Quadratic Equations. 
 
 iii. Latin : — Grammar and Parsing ; three Books of the 
 ^neid of Yirgil, with Cicero pro lege Manilia ; or 
 two Books of the Odes of Horace, with Cicero de
 
 16 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 Senectute ; or an equivalent quantity of a Poet and 
 Prose author ; easy Latin Prose Composition. 
 Besides the above necessary subjects, the Candidate will 
 be required to offer at least two more selected from the 
 following, viz. : — 
 
 {a.) Greek: — Grammar and Parsing; one Play of 
 Euripides, with one book of Herodotus; or an 
 equivalent quantity of a Poet and Prose author. 
 (J.) German: — Grammar and Parsing, with the "Wil- 
 liam Tell," or an equivalent. 
 {c.) Prench: — Grammar and easy Composition, with 
 
 three Plays of Moliere, or an equivalent. 
 {d.) Geography and the History of England ; and the 
 
 History of either Greece or Rome. 
 {e.) Higher Mathematics, including Trigonometry. 
 (/.) English Composition, with one Play of Shakespeare, 
 
 and the first book of Hooker ; or an equivalent. 
 {g.) ITatural Science: — An Elementary knowledge of 
 Chemistry, with either Botany, or Geology or 
 Physics. 
 {h.) Music : — The theory of Music, and Instrumental 
 
 Music. 
 {i.) Drawing, Writing, Precis, Book-keeping and Land 
 
 Surveying. 
 In this '^ Einal " Examination, a candidate who has 
 shewn marked proficiency, may be placed in either a First or 
 Second class, and will be regarded as having passed in 
 Honours. Those who only satisfy the Examiners will be 
 regarded as Passmen. 
 
 As candidates pass this examination with honour, they 
 gain advantages of stipend on being appointed to a master- 
 ship in one of our schools; and then have the opportunity 
 of entering upon a prescribed course of theological study 
 under the Chaplain preparatory to Holy Orders, should they 
 look forward to applying to the college for titles. In the 
 diocese of Chichester many such candidates have been or-
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 1 7 
 
 dained. When it is remembered that the foundation scho- 
 lars of our Grammar Schools are likely to supply a suc- 
 cession of candidates for an Associate's certificate, and when 
 the very small sum is considered which a scholar has to pay, 
 and the cheapness of an Associate's course, it is clear that 
 this arrangement opens remarkable facilities for advance- 
 ment to persons who would otherwise, humanly speaking, 
 have no such opportunity before them. Many instances 
 have occurred, where, through the means of the Training 
 School, men have been able to enter the Universities, and 
 thence to return as Graduates to our schools with an effi- 
 ciency and experience as teachers, which renders them far 
 more useful than the ordinary Graduate, who has all his 
 experience as a schoolmaster to learn after he has accepted 
 a form. 
 
 I may now go on to give some account of the four schools 
 which are in operation. The three in Sussex form the cadre, 
 so to say, from which the educational group of the southern 
 district will be completed. The fourth, in Staffordshire, is 
 the nucleus out of which we look to see the Midland system 
 develope. The Sussex Schools are, (1.) ^ purely Grammar 
 School at Lancing, near Shoreham, for the sons of noblemen 
 and gentlemen; (2.) a Middle School at Hurstpierpoint ; 
 and (3.) the Lower Middle School at Ardingly. It is the 
 system and relationship established among these, which 
 other centres will seek to reproduce ; so that a description 
 of them will inform the reader what to look for in the new 
 districts into which S. Mcolas College shall extend its opera- 
 tions. One first grade school for the sons of the wealthy 
 connected with the great central home of each district society 
 will suffice probably for the wants of this class. The profits 
 of such a school will principally maintain the officials who 
 will reside there, but whose business it will be to supervise 
 and extend their schools of lower degree. A great centre 
 of this kind will be the mustering-ground, on occasions, of 
 the boys of the other schools, and in other indirect ways 
 
 c
 
 18 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 the one upper school will diffuse many benefits, and furnish 
 many means of assistance and elevation to the lower, but 
 not financially dependent institutions. Each, as a j^ublic 
 school, is self-supporting, ''baldly and nakedly self-support- 
 ing" it may be, but in no sense a charity school. And 
 when we call our lower schools, equally with the highest, 
 Public Schools, we mean that all of them are, (1.) in con- 
 nexion with the ITational Church; (2.) in all, the education 
 given rests on the basis of grammar; (3.) provision is made 
 in all of them for bringing numbers together, and thereby 
 supplying to the boys that stimulus of emulation, that esprit 
 de corps, independence, considerateness and manly modesty, 
 which are especially characteristic of public school training ; 
 (4.) discipline is upheld in them all on the principle of 
 leaving boys out of school largely to their own self-govern- 
 ment, relying on their sense of duty, responsibility, and 
 feeling of honour, rather than on the surveillance of masters 
 to support virtue and to suppress vice; (5.) they are all 
 presided over, and mainly conducted by clergymen. Our 
 experience of thirty years goes to shew that we have not 
 been mistaken in believing that the clergy of the Established 
 Church are instructors entirely relied on by the country; 
 and that if the opportunity be opened to them, the middle 
 class will as fully appreciate tuition at the hands of the 
 clergy as do the upper class, who, with hardly an exception, 
 place their sons under such charge, and as do the lower, 
 who naturally look to the incumbent's superintendence of 
 the National school. If tradition has established in England 
 the propriety of clergymen being the schoolmasters for the 
 higher classes, the advantages obtained among them by this 
 system are not less needed in a middle school. I believe it 
 is of extreme importance in any boarding-school, and all the 
 more important as the social grade of the school descends, 
 that its management should be in the hands of gentlemen, 
 from whom the place should take its tone. This is desirable 
 on no vulgar and false ground of inculcating artificial man-
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 19 
 
 ners, or teaching plain-born boys to be other than plain-bred 
 men. But where numbers congregate, and a tone is rapidly- 
 created, it is essential that that tone should be characterized 
 by honour, manliness, and generosity. It is the man of 
 liberal education who most appreciates these qualities, and 
 to whom the public looks for the example of them. For 
 the most part it will be clergymeu only, who, having had 
 the advantage of this liberal education, will be ready to 
 trade with it to no higher advantage than the subsistence 
 that a middle school on its low terms can ofter. 
 
 To return now to the Southern Centre School at Lancing. 
 It must be the eye-witness of the noble buildings at Lancing, 
 and not the reader of a description of them, who will under- 
 stand from them the breadth and reach oftheFounder'spatriot- 
 ism, and sagacity, the confidence of his faith, and the magnifi- 
 cence of his conceptions. The present stately college on the 
 hill overlooking the estuary and valley of the Adur, with 
 Eeachy Head to the east, and the expanse of the English 
 Channel to the south, is the wonderful outgrowth of the 
 small school opened in Shoreham on August 1, 1848, in 
 several hired houses, whose builders had erected them ut- 
 terly unsuspicious of the scholastic purposes they would one 
 day have to subserve. The removal from Shoreham to Lancing 
 was made in August, 1857, a fine property of about 230 acres 
 having been purchased in 1853, and vested in the hands 
 of the trustees. On March 21, 1854, the first stone of the 
 new college was laid by the Founder, and in 1855, the corner- 
 stone of the Great Hall was laid by the late Sir John Pat- 
 teson. The buildings abeady completed have involved a 
 large outlay, and include the Head and Second Masters* 
 houses, school-rooms, dormitories, upper and under hall, and 
 ante-hall, (which are chambers of magnificent dimension,) 
 studies, kitchens, gymnasium, and a library already well 
 furnished with books by the bequests of J. M. Neale, and 
 others. This library will, it is hoped, under coUege regu- 
 lations, serve with advantage for use in the diocese. The
 
 20 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 «rypt of the future chapel is already finished and in use, 
 itself a beautiful specimen of architecture, built by Mr. 
 E,. H. Carpenter. The chapel above it, of something like 
 the proportions of the choir of Ely, is advancing with a 
 steady progress, that foreshadows the ultimate completion 
 of even so bold and arduous an attempt. The school is 
 chiefly preparatory to the Universities, and a report of its 
 work would not materially differ from that of any of the 
 other great schools of the country. The school dues with 
 other fees are fifty-seven guineas per annum, or eighty-five 
 guineas in the Head Master's house. There are four open 
 exhibitions annually competed for in July ; and several scho- 
 larships, chiefly in the nomination of benefactors or their 
 heirs. One is open to candidates from the Middle School 
 at Hurstpierpoint, which school again in its turn opens a 
 scholarship to the competition of boys in the Lower Middle 
 School at Ardingly. This is one only of many methods in 
 which the membership of the whole body is manifested and 
 maintained, and by which class distinctions are modified and 
 made subordinate to merit. 
 
 While the young shoot, that was destined when trans- 
 planted to Lancing to grow into a great and beautiful tree 
 of the forest, was struggling for existence at Shoreham amid 
 a strange complication of adverse circumstances, undaunted 
 by such difficulties, Canon Woodard had begun without 
 loss of time his second or middle school, as early as August, 
 1849. This, too, had its beginning in a small cottage in 
 Shoreham; when, in the January of 1850, it moved to the 
 foot of the northern side of the Downs, and occupied the 
 '' Mansion House," in the village of Hurstpierpoint, and 
 soon spread down the little street, absorbing house and cot- 
 tage as they became available, it seemed by contrast with 
 the cabin it had left to be installed in a line of palaces. 
 Yery shortly after our arrival in Hurstpierpoint, a site was 
 procured, and by the aid of friends, conspicuous among whom 
 were Bishop Gilbert of Chichester and Archdeacon Hare,
 
 S. Nicolas College and its SchooU, 21 
 
 a fine building was erected with accominodation for 300 
 boarders, with masters and servants. 
 
 The first stone was laid in June, 1851, by the Bishop of 
 the diocese. Two years after, the school moved into the 
 new College of S. John before the Latin Gate, the first local 
 habitation of its own which the Society of S. Nicolas may be 
 said to have possessed. A solemn and stately ceremonial 
 marked the inauguration of the new buildings, after a sermon 
 by Bishop Thirlwall, and it is with reverent satisfaction that 
 I recall the circumstance that Bishop Phillpotts of Exeter, by 
 whom I had been ordained, and with whose full concurrence 
 I had left his diocese for that of Chichester, in great feeble- 
 ness of body, made the unwonted effort of a journey, and 
 endured the fatigue of a protracted public ceremony. Though 
 the architect, the late Mr. Carpenter, had exercised the se- 
 verest self-control to build with a stern economy and sim- 
 plicity, so far as was consistent with permanence and dig- 
 nity, nearly £40,000 were expended on this fabric. Sub- 
 sequent fittings, and the noble chapel that has since arisen, 
 and the Head Master's house, must have added some £15,000 
 to the original outlay; and building at that date, it must 
 be remembered, was much cheaper than it has since be- 
 come. This college marks an epoch in the history of 
 our national education : it has been the scene of the first 
 attempt to ascertain if a public school could be given to 
 the middle classes, at a price within their means, could be 
 made acceptable to them, and be itself self-supporting. The 
 problem was solved happily and satisfactorily, when the 
 College, designed for 300 boys, was filled by nearly 340 ; 
 after which sprang up the various middle schools in the 
 country, on their several special lines, which have now 
 made the name of such institutions so familiar. It is a 
 labour of love to speak of the buildings of S. John's Hurst- 
 pierpoint, which I watched from the turning of the first sod. 
 S. John's College, the first we built, as I have said, bears 
 upon its front the characteristic features of its Founder's
 
 22 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 mind. He had recognised from the first the importance of 
 noble and well-proportioned buildings as places of education 
 in the influence they exercise on the young mind. He was 
 building in the country of William of "Wykeham, and of 
 Henry YI. ; and his first school should therefore respect the 
 traditions of the land, and be an impressive structure. It 
 should be remembered that the proportions and dignity of 
 the "Winchester and Eton Colleges were decided on when 
 the Founders little thought that they would develope into 
 splendid seminaries for the sons of our aristocracy and gentry. 
 Their architecture was an essential element in the work 
 their Founders hoped to achieve. The principle is based on 
 human nature, and is true for all time. Wykeham built 
 Winchester for seventy poor boys ; Wordsworth records the 
 influence of architecture as lie first saw it in Cambridge : — 
 
 "Majestic edifices should not want 
 A corresponding dignity within ; " 
 
 and John Stuart Mill, utilitarian as he is deemed, remarked, 
 '* nothing contributes more to nourish elevation of sentiment 
 in a people, than the large and free character of their habita- 
 tions. The middle-age architects, so unlike the mean and 
 cramped externals of English middle-class life, gave the sen- 
 timent of a larger and freer existence." 
 
 The dining-hall, with fine open -timbered roof, is 78 feet 
 by 32 ; the choir of the chapel, which only is built as yet, 
 is 124 feet long by 37 ; its walls 32 feet to the plate, and 72 
 to the pitch -board; upper and lower schoolrooms are each 
 more than 70 feet long ; there are besides, a series of class- 
 rooms, and two libraries; the dormitories, lavatories, and 
 offices, are on a proportionate scale ; and the whole building, 
 which includes two quadrangles, with an annexe at the south- 
 east for the Head Master's house, and another at the north- 
 west for the kitchen, is surrounded by cloisters, affording 
 shelter and space for recreation in wet weather. The College 
 is surrounded by twenty -four acres of its own land, the larger
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 23 
 
 portion of which is given up as playground ; but the boys 
 wers not confined to any limits out of school. They had the 
 range of the whole country, but might not be absent beyond 
 specified hours, which followed one another at sufficiently close 
 intervais to prevent the mischiefs of too long an absence. 
 This privilege was always highly valued, and I remember 
 it was but rarely abused, though at fii^st such licence was 
 distrusted by parents, who had not been accustomed to it 
 in their own school-days. It is fair to the boys to recall 
 the frequent testimony borne to their orderly conduct in a 
 highly -preserved part of the country by the squires and 
 neighbouring proprietors. Coverts adjoined the playground, 
 which never failed to yield good sport to their owners, when 
 October called the pheasants to account. 
 
 The terms at S. John's, when the Lower Middle School 
 was opened, were raised; but they do not now amount in 
 the Grammar School to £36 per annum for board and edu- 
 cation to Sussex boys, nor to £39 for others, all minor fees 
 included. The course of instruction comprises Divinity, 
 English, Latin, Greek, French, and German (for the last- 
 named subject there is a small additional charge}, Arithmetic 
 and Mathematics, IXatural Science, History and Geography, 
 Drawing, Yocal ^lusic and Drilling, with Book-keeping 
 and Land-surveying. The important part which the play- 
 ground fills in the training of a public school-boy, is recog- 
 nised by an excellent gymnasium and fives-courts, with a 
 cricket-field of about eight acres. There are several Scholar- 
 ships, reducing expenses to about £15 15s. per annum, of 
 which the Provost and certain Benefactors, or their heirs, 
 have the nomination. Among others, may be mentioned 
 the representatives of the late Eev. J. Branthwaite and H. 
 Tritton, Esq., the Marquis of Salisbury, Mr. Gladstone, Mr. 
 Hubbard, Mr. Cazenove, and Mr. Loder, as well as the 
 Scholarship to Lancing and from Ardingly, already referred 
 to ; the Selwyn Scholarship is tenable by a son of a Foreign 
 Missionary. An endowed Scholarship, also in aid of Mis-
 
 24 >S^. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 sionaries, in memory of the Rev. R. L. Pennell, who, after 
 fourteen years' service as a Master in the school, died as 
 a missionary in Zanzibar, will shortly be open. 
 
 There are also two Port Latin Exhibitions, tenable for 
 three years, of the annual value of £16 13s. 4d. each, given 
 after examination, to which any boy not less than sixteen 
 years and six months in age is admissible, who has been in 
 the school three years. These Exhibitions can be held after 
 a boy has left school. 
 
 In speaking of the school-work at S. John's, I speak of it 
 as I remember it. Change and improvements, and a higher 
 standard, cannot fail to have occurred with the lapse of years 
 and with new and growing experience ; but as regards the 
 general course of subjects taught, and the system of discipline 
 maintained, I do not think I shall be seriously misleading 
 my reader as to the present management of the school, if 
 writing in the past tense I describe from my own recollections 
 the interior condition of the school ten or twelve years ago. 
 
 For purposes of instruction the school was divided into 
 five principal departments, each presided over by the master 
 of the department, with assistants in subordination to him. 
 These departments were, Divinity; Grammar, including 
 Latin, Greek, and English ; Mathematics ; History and Geo- 
 graphy ; Modern Languages. Under this arrangement every 
 boy was placed under each department according to his 
 special merits ; but position in grammar determined a boy's 
 rank in the school. Every sixth-form fellow in grammar 
 was officially a prefect ; at the same time a sixth-form boy in 
 another department might be made prefect, if approved. In 
 divinity, there were eleven classes ; in grammar, there were 
 nine in the upper school, and six in the lower school; in 
 mathematics, fourteen ; in history and geography, fourteen ; 
 and in Eronch, fourteen. Eor this work we had the head 
 master, chaplain, lower master, three other masters of de- 
 partments, with two assistant masters, who were graduates, 
 and ten associates, as well as the service of the probationary
 
 S, Nicolas College and its Schools. 25 
 
 associates from the training school, each of whom was liable 
 for an hour's teaching in the day, if necessary. In Latin, 
 the sixth form was reading Horace, Livy, Cicero, Yirgil, and 
 writing Latin prose, but not verse. In Greek, Homer, 
 Sophocles, and Thucydides, with prose writing, formed the 
 work. In English, Shakespeare was a regular class-book of 
 the sixth form; while parts of Eacon, Spenser, and Pope 
 came in their turn. Scott occupied a permanent place in the 
 middle of the school. 
 
 Mathematics formed a prominent part of instruction. The 
 work done at that time by the forty boys who constituted 
 the sixth form in the mathematical school included the 
 whole of arithmetic and algebra ; six books of Euclid and 
 trigonometry ; while twelve of the number were working at 
 conic sections both geometrical and analytical. 
 
 In the history and geography school thorough knowledge 
 of English history and British geography was the first aim ; 
 after this, elementary ancient history, in the third and fourth 
 forms ; while in the fifth and sixth, a larger English history 
 was used, and fuller histories of Greece and Eome : geo- 
 graphy followed on a similarly progressive plan. 
 
 Erench, taught by English masters, was learned accurately, 
 so far as the grammar and construction of the language went. 
 Conversation, accent, and the less formal style of composition 
 were left to foreign residence to impart. Eut the teaching 
 which the boys got, enabled them to deal in the upper forms 
 with the higher works of Erench literature without much 
 difficulty. 
 
 German was an extra, and was taught by a foreigner. 
 Boys who learned neither Greek nor German attended classes 
 in drawing, book-keeping, precis writing, and dictation. 
 
 Yocal music was systematically taught in theory and prac- 
 tice ; and the best voices formed an unpaid choir in chapel. 
 Boys who had reached the fifth form in grammar, and had 
 by that time developed no musical capacity worth further 
 cultivation, formed classes in which courses of natural phi-
 
 26 S. Nicolas College and, its Schools. 
 
 losophy were followed. Every year two Examiners, repre- 
 senting Oxford and Cambridge, came down and examined 
 the fifth and sixth forms, numbering together about fifty boys. 
 The examination lasted a week, and was conducted on paper 
 from printed questions, and also vivd voce; and a detailed 
 report was sent in to the Provost by the Examiners. 
 
 I ought to say a few words on the religious education of 
 the boys. 
 
 There were the eleven divinity classes, which were ar- 
 ranged with reference to the Confirmation which the Bishop 
 held annually for the school. Boys who had been confirmed 
 and were in the sixth form of any department came to me. 
 The boys who were candidates for the next confirmation 
 attended the chaplain ; the rest, according to age, were 
 divided among other masters. The instruction given was in 
 the Gospels, the Acts, the historical books of the Old Testa- 
 ment, the Church Catechism, the three Creeds, the Sermon 
 on the Mount, and the English Primer compiled for this 
 school. The boys attended daily prayers in chapel, which in 
 the evening were choral ; and on Sundays and other holydays 
 a sermon was preached to them. There was weekly Sunday 
 Communion and on Saints' Days. 
 
 It is the chaplain's duty in private to endeavour to bring 
 the boys to a sense of the personal obligation they are under 
 to fear and love God, and by warning and encouragement 
 to help them through the trials of youth. No one is better 
 able, as no one is more justly bound, than myself, to bear 
 witness to the benefits resulting from the tact and zeal of 
 our chaplains. The highly honourable and manly tone 
 among the boys, and their uniform readiness to submit to 
 discipline, which made the management of the school com- 
 paratively easy, were largely referable to the high sense of 
 duty which it was the chaplain's efi'ort to impress on them. 
 The beneficial effect also on the schools of the annual con- 
 firmation which the Bishop holds was very marked. It is 
 no slight ingredient of good to have in this way, during a
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 27 
 
 great part of the year, a large body of boys, and those too of 
 an age likely otherwise to be least careful, brought under 
 grave and chastening influences either by the thought of the 
 responsible step they are about to take, or the recollection 
 of it as recently passed. That the Bishop had adopted this 
 plan was by no means the least important of the many bene- 
 fits we owed to him. 
 
 So much has been said about the system of Confession 
 practised in our schools, that it is time in plain words to put 
 on record a protest against the mis-statements that are per- 
 sistently made. The lawfulness of confession on occasions 
 of scruple and doubtfulness before Communion was, and is 
 recognised by us as a society that seeks neither to go beyond 
 nor below the law of the Book of Common Prayer. The 
 suspicion that might arise of undue influence over youthful 
 minds, we have endeavoured to guard against by the follow- 
 ing restriction, self-imposed from the very first, and only 
 as such permissible, in view of the wider liberty allowed by 
 the Church to her priesthood. ITo priest in our Society is 
 allowed to hear boys' confessions except the Chaplain, (un- 
 less for special reasons approved by the Provost,) and his 
 appointment is approved by the Bishop. IS'or is the Chap- 
 lain at liberty to receive a boy's confession unless with his 
 parents' knowledge and assent. Systematic confession has 
 never been encouraged. I have known cases where a special 
 confession has seemed to result in the grace of conversion. 
 While on grounds of law and grace we are bound to make 
 provision for this ordinance, we have not unfrequently, as 
 a fact, been called upon by parents to see to their children 
 following at school habits of confession which they have 
 learned at home. These cases we treat as others. We adopt 
 no special system for such ; they are free to come to con- 
 fession with their parents' consent, if they cannot otherwise 
 communicate with a quiet conscience. No more inaccurate 
 charge, I may say no more untruthful charge was ever made 
 against us than that systematic confession is encoui-aged 
 among the boys of our schools.
 
 28 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 This theological question has somewhat led me aside from 
 the question of our studies. It may be worth while to state 
 here the result of my observation on the advantage of making 
 classical learning an important part of the study of a com- 
 mercial school. So far as the Latin tongue is concerned, 
 I am satisfied that as a mental discipline in accuracy of 
 thought, in reflection, and in the development of the logical 
 faculty, nothing can compare with Latin. Verse-making I 
 did not admit into the course of middle-school scholarship, 
 but correct Latin prose composition was the standard I aimed 
 at, and which has been found attainable. If the theoretical 
 advantages of this study be less evident to some than to 
 others, let me add that there is not a master I have ever 
 worked with who has not borne testimony to the marked 
 difi'erence in intelligence, and ^vivacity, and readiness of ap- 
 prehension between boys who have learned Latin, and those 
 who have not had this mental training ; and I have known 
 a Cambridge examiner detect, by the difi'erence of the style 
 and quality of their mathematical papers, the boys who had 
 not learned Latin. I presume it was a growing appreciation of 
 this general activity of mind in their children, which had 
 nearly relieved me from importunities formerly most urgent 
 on the part of parents that their boys should be exempted 
 from Latin. As a practical matter, I do not see how English 
 spelling can ever be satisfactorily acquired in a school where 
 Latin is not taught. Certainly its difiiculties are largely 
 aggravated by the want of any familiarity with this source 
 of so many of its anomalies. At the same time, I am by no 
 means sure that we schoolmasters are not responsible by our 
 method of teaching for a proportion of the unpopularity that 
 attaches to Latin. There is little to shew for our teaching, 
 (though the present system is infinitely better than none,) 
 and our eff'orts often meet with a very unflattering response 
 from our pupils. I do not know that I can do much more at 
 present than record with regret the many cases I have found 
 where years of labour have apparently ended in an imperfect 
 appreciation of Latin Syntax, perhaps I might say Acci-
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 29 
 
 dence, and a life-long bewilderment to the student of Henry's 
 First Latin Book as to who was the ancient Cains that used 
 to build a perpetual wall. 
 
 But I should like to record my conviction tbat much of 
 the disinclination for Latin, and of the bitterness in acquiring 
 it, will disappear when masters like those of the sixteenth 
 century are able to use it conversationally. Many boys 
 never realize that it was once a medium of speech. If they 
 could grasp the idea that it was ever the talk at home or in 
 the playground, in the market or on the race-course, it 
 would gain an interest to them it does not now possess. 
 It was to this end that I prepared for school use a selection 
 of Erasmus *' Colloquies," and the result of using it con- 
 firmed my expectations. The classical standard, which I 
 think may be attained in at least an L'pper Middle School, 
 where foundation Scholars and Probationary Associates may 
 be looked to to keep up a respectable sixth form, should be 
 one to satisfy the University Examiners for the leaving 
 certificate. 
 
 Prizes were given once a-year on Port- Latin Day, May 
 6th, the college festival. Some were awarded in special 
 cases for excellence in particular subjects, and were gene- 
 rally given by particular persons ; those given by the college 
 were for general goodness in all work done, and were thus 
 open to any who could reach the required standard. 
 
 The prize-giving day was also our speech day. I had 
 always considered that readiness and ability of public speak- 
 ing is of grave importance to every citizen in a free country, 
 especially in one which, like our own, supplies in its colo- 
 nies so many openings of influence. For the same reason, I 
 instituted in early days an annual performance of Shake- 
 speare, and never ceased to support these plays, as a most 
 valuable educational auxiliary. 
 
 Prom play to punishment is a deep descent ; but the ques- 
 tion of corporal punishment, as the reader is well aware, is a 
 much mooted matter among the class of persons with whom we
 
 30 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 are concerned. The necessity, and indeed the charity, of this 
 mode of discipline were uniformly upheld in contradistinction 
 to the protracted and irritating punishments which must be 
 otherwise resorted to, and I can honestly say that among the 
 many friends who grew up to me out of my school, some of 
 the closest and most intimate were those whom I had had 
 occasion to summon to the flogging-room. The extreme 
 penalty was, however, of rare occurrence. 
 
 A Special School was provided for those youths who with 
 sufficient means were still not intended for the learned pro- 
 fessions, and to whom a more practical education was useful. 
 These boys, fifteen in number at this time, paid forty-five 
 guineas per annum. They had their own study and table ; 
 so far as their work fitted in, they attended the classes of 
 the school, and where they needed special instruction they 
 had the assistance of private tuition. 
 
 This school had its own class-room under the college roof; 
 the number of pupils never exceeded sixteen, but it was 
 found useful to have such arrangements as this department 
 afforded for the boys who from time to time required for 
 special causes more individual attention than could be given 
 in large classes. 
 
 The Training School for Commercial Schoolmasters has 
 been already described, but I avail myself of this place 
 to draw attention to the claim which young men in this 
 school olten possess upon the charitable aid of the wealthier 
 in prosecuting their studies. Young men of great promise 
 often present themselves in this school, whose early training 
 has been so disadvantageous as to leave them little chance of 
 competing for Scholarships in the "University, though afford- 
 ing every reasonable expectation of their doing well in the 
 final schools. It is a loss to society that such men, disposed 
 either to teaching or to the ministry, should not have the 
 advantage of University Education. "We have a fund called 
 the Associates' Tund of S. Nicolas College, out of which we 
 make smuU grants occasionally in aid of those who are able
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 31 
 
 to do something for themselves, hut with larger funds for 
 this purpose we might often render infinite service to de- 
 serving youths. 
 
 There remains at Hurstpierpoint to speak of the fourth 
 division for servitors. This has to the college its econo- 
 mical, and to the boys its educational advantages. There 
 were sixteen poor boys, some the sons of gentlemen's 
 servants, often sent here by the kindness of patrons, who 
 during the morning were engaged in household work, such 
 as boot-and-knife-cleaning, attending in the hall, sweeping, 
 &c. In the afternoon and evening they had three hours' 
 instruction in plain English subjects. Eight of these 
 boys paid £5 per annum, and received from the college 
 a portion of their clothing; the other eight paid £10 per 
 annum, and succeeded, according to seniority, to vacancies at 
 the cheaper rate, if they were twelve years of age or more. 
 
 This school, though very small in number, is of interest, 
 as it completes the chain of institutions which link us in one 
 way or another with every grade of society, and enable us, 
 as far as our opportunities go, to put in the way of every one 
 an opening for advancement. A scholarship belongs to the 
 servitors' school at Hurstpierpoint, the winner of which goes 
 to the cheaper boarding-school at Ardingly, of which I shall 
 speak next ; from thence he may win his way to a scholar- 
 ship into the grammar-school at Hurst, and from thence 
 again to Lancing, where if he shewed eminent talent, an ex- 
 hibition and other aid would carry him to the University. 
 I remember a gentleman applied to me to receive into the 
 servitors' school a boy whose family was utterly ruined, but 
 highly connected, in the hope that by availing himself of the 
 successive chances of promotion, he might struggle back again 
 into a social position such as his ancestors had long held. 
 Similar cases have elsewhere come under my knowledge. 
 
 As domestic arrangements enter largely into the well-being 
 of a school, and are especially matters of interest where a 
 school is cl;ieap, I may mention next the dietary. The boys
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 had three meals — breakfast, dinner, and tea; and the pre- 
 fects and older boys had also supper. 
 
 Breakfast and tea (at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.) consisted of bread 
 and butter, as much as could be eaten in half-an-hour, and half 
 a pint of hot milk-and-water, or tea. The prefects had tea 
 or coffee. Dinner at 1, consisting of meat, vegetables, bread, 
 and beer, every day; four days the boys had pudding as 
 well as meat. That our dietary was plentiful and healthful 
 was evidenced by the numbers of the school, which could 
 never have been brought to what they were, had there been 
 anything wrong on this head. 
 
 The dormitories are large rooms in which fifty boys sleep, 
 each occupying a separate bed, with a lavatory and a night 
 water-closet attached to each room. They are quite open 
 and well ventilated, and are not divided into cubicles. The 
 master who has charge of the dormitories can communicate 
 with the boys by a window, but this is made very large and 
 apparent, so that it involves no idea of espionage; and dis- 
 cipline and order are maintained by prefects. Among other 
 reasons for preferring the long chamber system to the di- 
 vided, one is that, having had no evil traditions to eradicate, 
 we thought it better to accustom boys in an open manly 
 way to kneel down and say their prayers before others as 
 a matter of course, without shame, especially in a school 
 from which many of the boys would, on entering some of the 
 large city houses, find themselves in the habit of sleeping in 
 the same room with several other young men. Silence was 
 enforced by the prefect only till the boys had said their 
 prayers, and after that they were at liberty to talk, provided 
 they were not noisy nor too late. 
 
 At Hurstpierpoint, you will have observed, we had now 
 land to the amount of twenty-four acres ; large buildings, 
 representing, with furniture, an outlay of nearly £50,000 ; 
 and at this time there was a staff of six clergymen and 
 twelve laymen, two of them University men, and ten as- 
 sociates of our own training; six youths in the training
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 33 
 
 school, about 320 boys on the books of the grammar and 
 special schools, and sixteen servitors, making, with servants, 
 nearly 400 persons resident under our roof. Laborious as 
 had been the effort to accomplish this, it was by no means 
 all that our society had attempted, or accomplished. 
 
 The course of my narrative leads me now to speak of 
 S. Saviour's, Ardingly, the school which in point of numbers 
 is our largest institution, and in its design and working far 
 the most interesting part of our operations. Here, the at- 
 tempt has been made to found a great Public School for 
 boarders, offering all the advantages of that peculiarly Eng- 
 lish system of education to the sons of the lower middle 
 class, and others to whom adverse or straitened circum- 
 stances make a cheap school a first consideration. It seems 
 wild to talk of such a school, where boys are charged for 
 education, and board, and washing, no more than £15 15s. 
 per annum in the school-house, and £18 18s. in the Head 
 Master's. But it is at this rate that a self-supporting school 
 is being worked at S. Saviour's, a fact that will give an in- 
 terest to fuller details about it. It was first opened in 1858, 
 in a house belonging to the Society in Shoreham itself, and as 
 there was no rent to pay, the terms were then only £14 
 14s. per annum ; but even at this rate, two years' experience 
 settled the question whether the Church could furnish Public 
 School education to the lower middle classes, for the tempo- 
 rary premises that were available were filled with 200 boys, 
 and the school was self-supporting. The Head Master held 
 a small endowment of about £45 per annum, but the rest 
 of his salary, as well as all the other expenses of the school, 
 were met by its own earnings. At that time the staff con- 
 sisted of Head Master, chaplain, three assistant masters in 
 Holy Orders, two lay graduates, and six junior assistants; 
 and here we find a striking example of loyalty to the society 
 and its system, for of this staff, three graduates had been edu- 
 cated at Lancing, two were ordained associates from Hurstpier- 
 point, and three of the juniors had been boys in S. Saviour's
 
 34 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 itself. In 1870 the school was removed to Ardingly, where 
 a farm of about 200 acres had some years before been pur- 
 chased as a site, three miles from Hay ward's Heath Station, 
 and where in July, 1864, the corner-stone was laid by 
 Earl Granville, at that time Lord President of the Council. 
 These buildings, though simple in design and material, form 
 a stately and imposing edifice, in the midst of a most at- 
 tractive landscape. The very low rate of charge necessitates 
 provision for a large number of boys, and the buildings ac- 
 cordingly are designed for not less than 1,000. The portions 
 as yet completed suffice for schoolroom and dormitory ac- 
 commodation for 400, but the halls and kitchens are com- 
 plete for the full number of 1,000, and the chapel for this 
 full complement of scholars will, it is hoped, be ready for 
 use next year. Into such portion of the buildings as were 
 then finished, the school removed in June, 1870, when the 
 College was solemnly opened by the Eishop of Chichester, 
 the lamented Bishop "Wilberforce preaching the inaugural 
 sermon. The dimensions of the buildings may be estimated 
 by those of the two dining-halls, which are each 116 feet 
 long by 30 feet wide, the upper one being 30 feet in height. 
 
 On entering these buildings, it was found desirable to raise 
 the terms from 14 to 15 guineas per annum ; but at this rate 
 they have remained, sustaining a school, the teaching- stafi" of 
 which at this date comprises a Head Master, a chaplain, four 
 assistant masters in Holy Orders, eight lay assistants, four 
 probationary masters, and four exhibitioners ; and it is note- 
 worthy that still, as from the first, this body is formed of 
 gentlemen who have grown up in one or other of S. Nicolas 
 Schools. The exhibitioners enumerated upon the teaching- 
 staff of Ardingly, are a feature peculiar to this school. They 
 are appointed by the Head Master at his discretion, from 
 among the boys of the school : they give and receive instruc- 
 tion in school, joining their own form daily for the chief 
 classical lesson. They are selected from those boys of promise 
 in the upper part of the school, whose friends, having no spe-
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 35 
 
 cial occupation in view for them, are glad to avail themselves 
 of this scheme as a probable opening in life for them, while 
 at the same time, thej are content to regard the appointment 
 as entirely one of trial. An exhibitioner receives a gratuity 
 from his appointment up to the completion of his fifteenth 
 year, and a small salary on an increasing scale for the two 
 succeeding years respectively. At the expiration of that 
 time he has to pass the entrance examination at Hurstpier- 
 point, appointed for a probationary associate. On passing 
 this, he becomes a probationary teacher at Ardingly, and 
 two years later, on passing the final examination for an As- 
 sociate of S. Kicolas College, he becomes a full assistant 
 master. If an exhibitioner is placed in the honour-list at 
 the entrance examination, he earns an addition to his salary, 
 till he is of age to pass the final examination ; and his rate of 
 salary on passing this is again regulated by the class of 
 honour which is awarded to him. This system has been 
 working a sufS.cient time to test its usefulness. At the last 
 examination, all the candidates sent up for the entrance 
 examination obtained honours. An exhibitioner is on pro- 
 bation until he passes his examination, so that if the Head 
 Master considers him in any way unsuited as a teacher, he is 
 able to suggest that he should adopt some other calling in 
 life. He is in this way able to obtain assistant masters in 
 whose teaching and ability, as well as moral fitness, he has 
 full confidence. It happens that exhibitioners decide from 
 time to time to retire before going in for examination. The 
 Head Master holds a meeting of assistant masters every Mon- 
 day, and of probationary masters every Wednesday. 
 
 The school is divided into three parts : the upper school, 
 containing about 100 boys, consists of a sixth, fifth, and 
 fourth form, and of the remove ; the division numbers about 
 230 boys in nine forms ; and the lower school contains 
 about 70, for the most part little boys. The four lowest 
 forms work only on reading, writing, dictation, histoiy, geo- 
 graphy, English grammar and arithmetic. Latin begins in
 
 36 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 the form immediately above the upper first, and by the time 
 a boy has reached the remove, the form next above the third, 
 he knows his Latin Accidence and Syntax well, and Smith's 
 Principia^ Part I., can construe and parse Principia, Part II., 
 and he writes exercises. In the fifth form Caesar and Ovid 
 are the Latin authors chiefly read ; in the sixth, Yirgil and 
 Cicero. English grammar and analysis are taught through- 
 out the school with the Latin grammar. A Divinity lesson 
 of three-quarters of an hour before breakfast begins the day's 
 studies. An hour a day is given to arithmetic, with an 
 additional three-quarters twice a- week in the highest forms ; 
 the school being re-divided for arithmetic and for vocal 
 music. In arithmetic, the highest form, in addition to a 
 thorough familiarity with Colenso's larger arithmetic, take 
 in the first and second books of Euclid, and work algebra 
 as far as simple equations. French is an extra, for which 
 there is a charge of £2 per annum, and about forty boys 
 avail themselves of this opportunity. Instrumental music 
 is taught at a quarterly charge of £1 and £1 10s. respec- 
 tively, for piano and organ, and about thirty-five boys re- 
 ceive instruction. 
 
 The religious teaching and training is identical with that 
 described at S. John's, the boys attending a shortened form of 
 Matins daily at 9 a.m., and a full choral service at 6.30 p.m. 
 The chaplain prepares boys for the annual Confirmation, and 
 has constantly classes for instruction of communicants. A 
 Servitors' school like that at Hurst exists here also, the dif- 
 ference being that the servitors join the regular forms in 
 Bchool. 
 
 The diet table adopted here was modelled on that of 
 S. Ann's Orphan School in London, but at S. Saviour's a more 
 liberal diet is provided than in the accompanying programme % 
 which nevertheless is sent to each parent when application 
 for admission is made. 
 
 Thorough as is the instruction given, an imperfect esti- 
 • See Appendix, p. 57.
 
 S, Nicolas College and its Schools. 37 
 
 mate of the system of education at S. Saviour's would be 
 formed, if the arrangements of the playground were passed 
 over. Here, an important element of Public School training 
 must always be looked for not in the mere excellence of 
 games and athletic sports, but in the organization by the 
 boys of a system which calls out their individual powers, 
 gives reasonable self-reliance, teaches forbearance and fair 
 play, and prepares boys for that knowledge of men and man- 
 ners which in practical utility may dispute the palm with book- 
 knowledge itself. The playground and its sports may be 
 described as a department under the control of a Committee, 
 of which the Head Master is Chairman. It consists of all 
 the masters, the captain of the school, and two representa- 
 tives elected by the boys from each dormitory. This Com- 
 mittee appoints a Finance Sub-Committee, of which the Head 
 Master is Chairman. Each boy subscribes five shillings 
 a-year to the playground. The Sub-Committee appoints also 
 the officers for the management of the boys' library, the foot- 
 ball and cricket clubs, the athletic games, the shop, and the 
 occasional musical and dramatic entertainments. '* The 
 shop " is an important element in this arrangement ; from 
 the first it has been a source of profit, which is entirely 
 devoted to the public interests of the boys by themselves. 
 The cricket-field was first thought of, and when a consider- 
 able sum had been expended upon that, a swimming-bath 
 was taken in hand. This bath, which is only a few hundred 
 yards from the college, was excavated in a valley well 
 sheltered by trees, which insure its privacy. It measures 
 140 feet by 40, is cemented throughout, and is of a depth 
 gradually increasing from 3 feet to 6 feet 6 inches : a stream 
 runs through it. The cost has been more than £340, of 
 which about £60 only were raised by the contributions of 
 masters and friends. The boys pay at present 5s. per annum 
 for the use of the bathing-place, but the profits of the shop 
 have produced the main part of this large sum. Thus a 
 public School of large nimibers, at even the petty charge of
 
 38 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 Ardingly, can command a superior education, elevating as- 
 sociations, high tone, and free intercourse with clergy and 
 other gentlemen; and command also, at a low rate, those 
 enjoyments and advantages of recreation and physical train- 
 ing, which are generally thought, as considering their often ex- 
 travagance they well may be, the luxuries of the wealthy. 
 
 The boys publish a quarterly record of their "Annals." 
 Two numbers are before me, and surprise me with the evidence 
 they furnish of life, vigour, and energy. Erom this source 
 I learn that sacred music must have reached an unusual point 
 of excellence, as many as sixty-four different anthems having 
 been sung in chapel during the half-year, including such 
 music as Bach's elaborate composition in eight parts, '' Bless- 
 ing, Glory, "Wisdom." In addition to these, seventeen Even- 
 ing Services, and nine Communion Services have been sung. 
 Besides a minute record of football matches and cricket 
 matches, the '* Annals" tell of dramatic amusements in 
 the winter, and these not only taken up by the school as 
 a body, but offered for entertainment by the members of 
 single dormitories. 
 
 In concluding my notice of this most interesting school, 
 I would emphatically protest against the erroneous though 
 widely -received impression, that the cost of maintaining 
 our Lower Middle School is partly defrayed by Hurst and 
 Lancing. The original idea (see p. 6), that the expense of 
 salaries in this school would be provided out of profits in the 
 higher, has never been adopted in practice, and is now aban- 
 doned in theory. The school is self-supporting. If it should 
 cease to be so at present charges, these would have to be 
 raised, as they were from 13 to 14, and again to 15 guineas. 
 At the last-named sum the terms have remained since 1870, 
 and there appears no ground to anticipate any further change. 
 To complete the report of the operations of S. Nicolas 
 College in the south, I must touch upon our scheme for 
 affiliating with us other schools of the district. The great 
 advantages that, in late years, have resulted from the union
 
 S. Nicolas College and Us Schools, 39 
 
 of parochial schools with the National Society, furnish reason- 
 able grounds of expectation of similar good from the union of 
 Church middle schools under an analogous organization. 
 Even such schools as are carried on in only hired premises, 
 and are not possessed of a freehold, or buildings, or any 
 endowment, would receive importance, and gain confidence, 
 by an alliance with a known central organization of repute. 
 Our society would be willing to undertake yearly examina- 
 tions; to consider with the manager how his operations 
 might be enlarged, and his system improved; we should 
 strive to supply him with competent trained assistants, and 
 to co-operate with him, where desirable, in procuring free- 
 hold premises, by which the school may be permanently 
 secured under trust to the Church of England. Where local 
 effort in the cause of Church Education has secured a free- 
 hold site and buildings, advantages similar to the above 
 might be offered ; and if, in order to secure the permanently 
 efficient working of a school, which is apt to deteriorate in 
 isolated cases when the first generation of promoters has 
 passed away, the managers should be willing to transfer the 
 property to the Trustees of S. IS'icolas College, then one of the 
 local managers, to be elected by themselves, might be ad- 
 mitted into the governing body of the district society under 
 its statutes. And where such a transfer of property seemed 
 advisable, there would be cases where we should be desirous 
 to assist the local promoters in the purchase of the site, by 
 a grant at per cent, upon the total cost, or even, in like man- 
 ner, to assist their building fund. 
 
 Something has been done in Sussex in this direction, at 
 Ditchling, where a preparatory school called Little S. John's, 
 is carried on under a lady, in connection with Hurstpier- 
 point; and at S. Leonard's, where the Warden of Winchester 
 House, the Eev. C. L. Yaughan, conducts a preparatory 
 school for Lancing, of which the Provost and Eellows :are 
 Visitors. 
 
 In connection, too, with S. Nicolas, Lancing, is a group
 
 40 S. Nicolas College and its Schools, 
 
 of Girls' Schools at S. Michael's, Bognor; originally estab- 
 lished at Hove by the late Miss E-ooper, and removed after 
 her death to Bognor, by the late Lady Caroline G. Eliot, 
 through vrhose munificence it passed under the control of the 
 Provost of Lancing. It comprises three departments: (1.) 
 The Upper School, limited to eighteen young ladies, exclu- 
 sively daughters of gentlemen : the terms here are sixty 
 guineas per annum ; (2.) The Middle School, at twenty-one 
 guineas per annum, with accomplishments at extra charges; 
 (3.) The Industrial School, where poor girls of good charac- 
 ter receive a plain education, and are prepared for domestic 
 service. 
 
 This institution has its own chapel, served by a Chaplain 
 resident in the grounds ; and already a governing body is 
 growing up in the form of an organized community, which 
 will secure its continuance in perpetuity. The head of this 
 organization, which is formed, as far as circumstances allow, 
 upon the model of S. Nicolas College, is a Lady Warden, ap- 
 pointed by the Provost of S. Nicolas, and in her sphere 
 exercising analogous powers to his. Under her will be a So- 
 ciety of Canonesses, corresponding to Fellows, — one of these 
 Canonries is already endowed slightly, and filled ; and below 
 them again are Companions, corresponding to Associates. 
 
 During the time that all this organization was in pro- 
 cess of formation in Sussex, applications to us were un- 
 ceasing from every part of the Church at home, and from 
 many colonial dioceses, to extend the work beyond the diocese 
 in which Providence first planted it. Por years the consoli- 
 dation of the work upon the spot seemed our first duty, and 
 we had to forego the satisfaction of aiding others, and seeing 
 our own work expand ; but in 1866 an invitation came which 
 we felt to be a call that could not be refused. This was 
 from Lichfield diocese, when Sir Percival Heywood, Bart., of 
 Doveleys, offered us six acres of land, at Denstone, and 
 £1,000 towards a school like Hurstpierpoint. When he 
 afterwards offered to sell to us at cost price a farm of forty
 
 S.Nicolas College audita Schools. 41 
 
 acres, adjoining the site he was willing to give, and declared 
 his readiness to support the effort to his utmost — a promise 
 which he has redeemed with rare munificence, and at an ex- 
 penditure rarer still of time, thought, anxiety, and personal 
 lahour — we were constrained to undertake the case. The 
 then Bishop, John Lonsdale, considered our plan of operation, 
 and consented to be Yisitor of the school. He presided at 
 a meeting at Eurton, in 1867, which introduced the project 
 to the public, not without some display of influential opposi- 
 tion, which, however, was so far from deterring the Bishop 
 in his sympathy, that, in the following October, he presented 
 himself at a county meeting in the shire-hali of Stafford in 
 our behalf, and there delivered, in a strain of unwonted ani- 
 mation and warmth, his testimony in our favour, in the face 
 of a noisy agitation, — a testimony which, affirming his con- 
 fidence "that nothing would be taught in Denstone School 
 but what the Church of England permits," was his last 
 public utterance, for in a few hours after that speech his 
 true and loving spirit passed away from earth. 
 
 His successor was the noble George Augustus Selwyn, m 
 whom our work found countenance from the first, and brave, 
 unfaltering support to the last. The stone of S. Chad's Col- 
 lege, Denstone, was laid in 1868 ; and the new buildings were 
 inaugurated by Bishop Selwyn on July 29, 1873, who, assisted 
 by his coadjutors. Bishop Abraham and Bishop Hobhouse, 
 and by the Bishop of Hereford, then installed me as first 
 Provost of the College of S. Mary and S. John of Lichfield, 
 in federal union with the College of S. Mary and S. Kicolas 
 of Lancing. The charitable purpose of founding Denstone 
 School, had thus led to the larger result of the establishment of 
 a central society for the Midland district. Canon Woodard, as 
 Founder, prepared and delivered a body of Statutes, whereby 
 a Provost and Pellows were constituted, under the Bishop of 
 Lichfield as Yisitor ; his lordship accepted the office, and 
 the extended organization of central societies in different 
 parts of the country, which had hitherto been a vision, ex-
 
 42 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 isting only on paper, became then a fact. The first Fellows, 
 appointed with me as Provost, were : the late Earl of Shrews- 
 bury, Sir Percival Heywood, the Dean of York, Rev. H. 
 Meynell, Eev. G. Mackarness, now Eishop of Argyll, and 
 the Rev. E. Tower. To these we have added : J. W, Philips, 
 Esq., of Hey bridge, the Rev. Ernald Lane, the Rev. D. 
 Edwardes, and the Rev. G. Heron. The untimely loss of 
 the Earl of Shrewsbury, whose name and benefits will never 
 be forgotten in these walls, will, we trust, be in measure re- 
 paired by his kinsman, the Earl Brownlow, who has lately 
 accepted Lord Shrewsbury's vacant Fellowship, and already 
 shewn himself emulous of his predecessor's zeal in the cause 
 of Church Education. 
 
 The buildings at Denstone have cost upwards of £45,000. 
 The chapel (a temporary one is in use) and the dining-hall 
 have still to be built. The school is designed for 400, ac- 
 commodation being already fitted up for half that number. 
 The school in discipline, tone, religious habit, and course of 
 instruction follows pretty closely the lines I have described 
 from my recollections of Hurstpierpoint. The same com- 
 bination of grammar school, special school, training school, 
 and servitors' school is found here as there. The cost is 
 much the same : being in grammar school 34 guineas per 
 annum; in special school, 45 guineas; to which sum an ad- 
 dition of about £5 per annum, for small fees, books, and 
 sports, ought to be found sufficient to cover the total annual 
 cost. The training school is at 26 guineas per annum, the 
 servitors, at 5 and 10 guineas per annum. There are scholar- 
 ships here as in the south, chiefly in the nomination of special 
 benefactors. The official nominations of the Provost are at 
 present nearly absorbed in three scholarships, which I have 
 thrown open for competition, tenable by a boy from each of 
 the counties of Stafi'ord, Derby, and Salop, who has been two 
 years in a national or other primary Church-of-England 
 school. By such an arrangement, I desired to make some 
 acknowledgment to the parochial clergy of the diocese of
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 43 
 
 Lichfield for the great help they had rendered in the 
 building of Denstone College. I have given the name of 
 Izaak Walton to these scholarships, in commemoration of 
 that good citizen and Churchman, a worthy of our county 
 town of Stafford, whose life and associations remain before 
 us in his writings, to shew how the restoration of good 
 feeling and friendship between the middle class and the 
 clergy, which from the first it has been our desire to pro- 
 mote, is only the recovery of an English tradition, familiar 
 even in the seventeenth century to men who, in those 
 perilous and gloomy days, were still bold enough to love 
 the Church and King of their country. May these scho- 
 larships tend to foster like loyalty in principle, and in 
 practice an integrity, culture, and peaceableness to all men, 
 such as we admire in Izaak Walton. 
 
 The five years of the life of the Society of S. John and 
 S. Mary of Lichfield have perhaps made little history, and 
 hardly display the promptitude and despatch in undertaking 
 fresh operations that we have seen in the growth of the suc- 
 cessive schools in Sussex. "We have done not a little, how- 
 ever, as a new Society, in establishing our relations to one 
 another, and in learning the nature of our work, and the 
 methods of accomplishing it. We have been anxiously and 
 busily employed in the endeavour to find a site for our 
 Midlands Ardinghj, — and at last we have been successful. 
 The tedium of this delay has been partially relieved by the 
 foundation of S.Anne's Girls' School, like 'the Middle School 
 of S. Michael's, Eognor. This is established : a house and 
 about two acres of land at Abbots Bromley have been conveyed 
 to Trustees for the purposes of a Church-of-England Middle 
 Class School, under a governing body, of which the Provost 
 of Denstone is head, until such time as S. Xicolas College 
 undertakes to give it a new constitution consistent with the 
 terms of the trust. The buildings are being now enlarged, 
 and when finished will accommodate 100 boarders. A very 
 beautiful chapel, suited to the wants of the school, is in hand, 
 the choir of which is already built, and in use. The edu-
 
 44 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 cation here given prepares girls desiring it for the Cam- 
 bridge certificate, and the school is examined by the Cam- 
 bridge Board. Its internal afi'airs are managed by a Lady 
 Sub-Warden under the Provost of Denstone, a head mistress, 
 and efficient assistants. The general control rests with the 
 governing body. The expense to a pupil varies, according 
 to accomplishments learned, from 30 to 40 guineas per an- 
 num. Connected with this is an Industrial School for girls 
 of good character preparing for domestic service. There is 
 also an offshoot of S. Anne's, arising out of special circum- 
 stances, in the form of a small, but efficient primary day- 
 school, carried on at S. Anne's, but distinct from the Middle 
 School. This is for the use of those poor neighbours who 
 desire for their children the distinct Church teaching which 
 the School Board of the parish cannot give ; and it is not 
 without its advantage, as a dependent school within the 
 precincts of S. Anne's, in giving an interest to the girls of 
 the higher school in the members of the lower. Many 
 opportunities arise for charitable acts, which thus accustom 
 the girls to habits of benevolence and kindliness. This day- 
 school, which is called S.Mary's, is conducted by a Lady 
 who is certificated, and thoroughly understands the I^ational 
 School system ; and it is examined annually by the Diocesan 
 Inspector, who has reported well of it on each occasion. 
 There are about 50 girls upon its books; in S. Anne's, there 
 are 45 boarders at present, 9 day scholars, and 3 indus- 
 trials, making in all more than 100 children under in- 
 struction in the place. 
 
 There is one Scholarship at S. Anne's called the Selwyn 
 Scholarship, in the gift of Mrs. Selwyn, the widow of the 
 late Bishop of Lichfield. This reduces expenses by about 
 £10 per annum. 
 
 It remains only to mention our prospects of having in 
 operation, at no very distant date, a Lower Middle School for 
 boys, resembling that at Ardingly, as Denstone resembles 
 Hurstpicrpoint. 
 
 In the course of last year, Earl Brownlow offered a site of
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 45 
 
 sixty acres upon his EUesmere estate at a moderate price, 
 giving at the same time a donation of £1,000. As far back 
 as 1872, Canon Woodard had begun a fund in Manchester for 
 this important part of our work; and having thus a nucleus 
 for beginning, we hope without delay to proceed with a 
 building on the new site for 500 boys. This number will be 
 found self-supporting, even on the very low terms on which 
 we shall carry on the school ; and in so populous a district as 
 the Midland, it is better to provide for two such schools at 
 the outset of 500 each, than one of 1,000, as at Ardingly. 
 The work itself is unique; and by those wlio know what 
 a public school means, in its essential integrity, what can be 
 thought of so practically benevolent to individuals, and so 
 practically serviceable to the masses of our independent fellow- 
 citizens, as public boarding-schools for their sons, at such 
 terms and with such advantages as I have described? It 
 is on carrying out this work that we are now intent, to 
 assist which we call on all friends of Church Education to 
 unite with us. "We would ask thoughtful men, observers of 
 society in its wider sense, and lovers of their country, to 
 consider wherein our national defects and dangers lie, and 
 what beneficial result we may expect from bringing the 
 thousands of the lower middle classes under the influence of 
 English public school tone and habit ; and this under a sys- 
 tem which combines into one membership, through different 
 grades of schools under one head, every class of society, all 
 growing up together with common interests and common 
 sympathies, in the sound faith and under the tolerant influ- 
 ence of the Church of England. 
 
 Such community of feeling is not a matter of sentiment, 
 but one of fact. Every boy in each school contributes, 
 in different amounts, according to the grade of the school 
 he belongs to, a quarterly payment to the Benefit Eund. 
 Boys, on leaving school, can compound for life by a single 
 payment, or continue their quarterly payments : most prefer 
 the former. The object of the fund is to relieve former
 
 46 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 
 
 members of our schools who, by misfortune in later life, may 
 fall into distress, and to assist them in certain cases in the 
 education of their families. This fund, now amounting in the 
 south to upwards of £3,000, is administered by a committee, 
 representing all the schools of that particular centre. Mem- 
 bers of this club attend the meetings in common, with equal 
 rights and voting powers, and learn to cement the bonds of 
 union which were first formed in school-days. A Benefit 
 Pund of the same kind exists at Denstone, and each succes- 
 sive school of our district will contribute to it. As soon as 
 the Denstone Fund, formed by subscriptions of sixpence per 
 quarter from each boy, amounts to £100, it will be invested, 
 and a Committee of old boys formed in conjunction with cer- 
 tain college-officials to administer it. 
 
 The work that I have sketched represents a considerable 
 outlay. Ten years ago, Canon Woodard stated that a quarter 
 of a million had been spent upon it ; and since then, there has 
 been no period when heavy work has not been going forward 
 in Sussex : Denstone College has been built ; and now fresh 
 and heavy work is before us at Ellesmere. The Founder has 
 put the cost of establishing a centre society with its three 
 grades of schools at £300,000, or £1,500,000 for establishing 
 the plant of the work over the whole country, through the 
 medium of the five central societies of which I have spoken. 
 "We must appeal, and hereby do appeal, to all who have the 
 best and future interests of Church and Country at heart, to 
 become annual subscribers to our work, in one or other of its 
 branches. Here in the Midland district we want at once, for 
 
 1. Ellesmere Lower Middle School . . £40,000 
 
 2. Denstone Completion Fund . . . 10,000 
 
 3. Denstone Chapel Fund . . . 10,000 
 
 4. S. Anne's Schools' Fund, for establishing in 
 
 the Midland district six additional Girls' 
 Schools ..... 24,000 
 
 84,000
 
 S. Nicolas College and its Schools. 47 
 
 "When this amount has been raised, what is left for the site 
 and building of our Central School, the head-quarters of our 
 society, the Midland Lancing ? or is one Lower Middle School 
 for 500 boys to supply the wants of Staffordshire, Lancashire, 
 and Yorkshire, when Sussex finds it necessary to build for 
 1,000? There is a great work to do, and there is great 
 wealth in the district to do it with. God give to our rich 
 men and our noble men great hearts, to desire and to do great 
 things for Church and Country ; and to those of moderate 
 means may He give a willing mind and cheerful service ; and 
 then, through Him even greater things than these shall be 
 accomplished. 
 
 (@ui tiiligit Beum, tiiligat tt futxtxa suum* 
 
 Subscriptions for five years, or donations, may be paid at the 
 Manchester and Salford Bank, S. Ann-street, Manchester, 
 to the EUesmere School Building Fund, 
 
 Denstone Chapel Account, or 
 
 S. Anne's Schools' Fund ; 
 
 or to the Provost, Denstone College, Uttoxeter ; the Eev. H. 
 Meynell, Denstone, Uttoxeter ; the Rev. J. Peake, Yicarage, 
 Ellesmere ; or to any of the Fellows of the College, on any of 
 the above accounts. And if this naiTative should find its way 
 into the southern district, and interest any readers there, let 
 them know that they can render valuable and much-needed 
 assistance by subscribing to any of the following accounts, 
 at Messrs. Barclay and Co., 54, Lombard- street, E.C. : — 
 
 Lancing Chapel Account. 
 
 Hurst Completion Fund. 
 
 Lower Middle School (Ardingly) Fund. 
 
 Associates' Education Fund. 
 
 S. Michael's School House Account.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 LANCING SCHOOL. 
 
 Head Blaster — Eev. E, E. Sanderson, D.D., Lincoln College, Oxford. 
 Chaplain — Eev. Edmund Field, M.A., Exeter College, Oxford. 
 Second Blaster — Eev. H. S. Cooper, M.A., All Souls College, Oxford. 
 Assistant Masters — Clergymen and Graduates of Oxford or Cambridge. 
 
 The Education is that of a Church of England Public School, 
 chiefly preparatory to the Universities. The Chaplain assists in 
 the moral and reHgious discipline of the School. 
 
 The School Dues are fifty-five guineas per annum. 
 
 There is an inclusive Extra Charge of two guineas each Term for 
 the following : — Ordinary Medical Attendance, Library Subscription, 
 Hair Cutting, "Washing, Drilling, Boys' Benefit Fund (see Calendar), 
 Chapel Building Fund, and other College Dues. 
 
 Eegular Instruction is given in Natural Science, for which a fee of 
 seven shillings each Term is charged. 
 
 In the Upper School, boys may, with the consent of the Head 
 Master, enter the Modem class at an extra charge of ten giiineas per 
 annum ; or receive Private Tuition at an extra charge of two guineas 
 each Term. 
 
 The School Dues and Extra Charge are paid each Term in ad- 
 vance, on or before January 14th, April 16th, and September 10th, to 
 the " Lancing Scholars' Account," at IMessrs. Barclay, Bevan, 
 Tritton, Twells and Co., 54, Lombard- street, London, E.C. 
 
 Entrance Fee, three guineas, to be paid on putting down the boy's 
 name. 
 
 The School House Dormitories are each under the Charge of a 
 Master, with a general Matron. 
 
 Boys are received into the Head Master's House at eighty-five guineas 
 per annum, and into the Second Master's House at seventy-five guineas 
 per annum. This includes " School Dues," but not the ' ' Extra Charge," 
 as above. 
 
 The following are Extras, but optional : — 
 Drawing . . . .£440 per amium. 
 
 Instrumental Music . . .880 „ 
 
 Use of Laboratory . . .660 ,, 
 
 A Term's Notice, given in writing, or payment of the " School Dues " 
 for a Term, is required before the removal of a boy. 
 
 Four Open Exhibitions, particulars of which are previously adver- 
 tised, are offered for Competition annually in July. 
 
 There are three Vacations in the year, viz., of two weeks from about 
 the 8th of April ; of seven weeks from about the 25th of July ; of five 
 weeks from about the 21st of December. 
 
 Further particulars may be obtained by reference to the " S. Nicolas 
 
 E
 
 50 APPENDIX. 
 
 College Calendar," published and sold by Messrs. Parker and Co., 
 377, Strand ; to the Eev. Peovost Woodard, Henfield, near Hurst- 
 pierpohit ; or to the Eev. Dk, Sanderson, Lancing College, near 
 Shoreham. 
 
 N.B. — New Shoreham Station on the L. B. & S. C. Eailway is the 
 one used by the College, from which it is distant less than two miles. 
 
 Two Miles from the Hassock's Gate Station, on the London 
 AND Brighton Eailway, 
 
 {In connection with S. Nicolas College, Lancing,) 
 
 Is a PubHc School for the Sons of Professional Men, of Farmers, and 
 of Upper Class Tradesmen. 
 
 In the Lower Department of the School there is a uniform course 
 of instruction in elementary subjects ; but in the Upper School there 
 are two distinct courses : 
 I. A thorough Commercial Education for those who are going into 
 
 Trade or Commerce. 
 II. For persons intended for our English Universities, or any of the 
 learned Professions, a Classical and Mathematical Education. 
 
 The Instruction covered by the " School Dues" embraces 
 English. Natural Science. 
 
 Latin. Book-keeping. 
 
 French. Land Surveying. 
 
 Arithmetic. Drawing (freehand and mechanical). 
 
 Mathematics. Vocal Music. 
 
 Drilling. 
 
 In No. I. course German, in No. II. Greek, may be added at an 
 extra charge of 14s. per term. These extras arise from the necessity 
 of keeping two different classes of Masters, so as to teach the subjects 
 in each Department thoroughly. It will be observed that in Depart- 
 ment No. II. the cost of the Education to a Professional man, is, 
 when the extras are added, much under the usual cost at Public 
 Schools. 
 
 Terminal School Dues, covering Instruction, Board, and Wash- 
 ing:— 
 
 In the General School .... £11 11 
 
 Or for Sussex Boys 
 
 Scholars 
 
 Head Master's House . 
 
 Second Master's House 
 
 10 10 
 
 7 
 
 15 15 
 
 13 6 
 
 There is a Training School for Schoolmasters attached to S. John's 
 College, and a Servitors' School, of each of which particulars wiU be 
 sent on appUcation. 
 
 W. AWDEY, M.A., Head Master.
 
 APPENDIX. 51 
 
 Head Blaster. 
 
 The Eev. WILLIAM AWDEY, M.A., late FeUow of Queen's 
 
 College, Oxford. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 The Eev. J. Spenceb Baetlett, M.A., Durham. 
 
 Second Master. 
 The Eev. G. 0. L. Thomson, M.A. , late Exhibitioner of 
 Exeter College, Oxford. 
 
 Assistant Masters. 
 
 Mathematical Tutor — J. H. Walker, Esq., B.A., Jesus College, Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Modern Languages — The Eev. George Willes, M.A., late Exhibitioner 
 of Christ Church, Oxford. 
 
 History and Geography — The Eev. G. 0. L. Thomson, M.A. , late Ex- 
 hibitioner of Exeter College, Oxford. 
 
 Natural Science — J. H.Walker, Esq.,B.A., Jesus College, Cambridge. 
 
 The Eev. Frederick George Bennett, B.C.L., late Scholar of S.Mary 
 Hall, Oxford. 
 
 Mr. John Datson, Associate of S. Nicolas College, 
 
 Mr. W. Pratt. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Edmonds, A.S.N.C. 
 
 Mr. H. H. Crawley, A.S.N.C. 
 
 Mr. E. F. W. Cooke, A.S.N.C. 
 
 Organist and Choirmaster — Mr. Arthur J. Smith. 
 
 Writing Master — Mr. W. Pratt. 
 
 Drawing Master — Mr. J. Datson, A.S.N.C. 
 
 Music Master — Mr. Arthur J. Smith. 
 
 Fencing and Drilling Master — Mr. Alford. 
 
 School Secretary — Mr. William Pratt. 
 
 The following are the Terminal charges for a boy in the ordinary 
 School, payable in advance a week before January 25, May 9, Sep- 
 tember 14. 
 
 School Dues 
 
 Ordinary Medical Attendance 
 
 Boys' Benefit Fund . 
 
 Boys' Library 
 
 Lancing Chapel Building Fund 
 
 Other College Dues . 
 
 Subscriptions to School Games, 3s. 6d. 
 
 Weekly Allowance at not less than Bd. per week 
 
 This covers everything except Tradesmen's Bills, Books, and 
 Stationery. 
 
 £11 11 
 
 y 1 1 
 
 ! 
 
 J 
 
 6 9 
 
 The Entrance Fee is £1 Is., which should be paid when the boy's 
 name is put down for admission. 
 
 A Term's notice or a Term's Dues required before the removal of 
 a Boy.
 
 62 APPENDIX. 
 
 Extra Subjects (optional) Terminal Charges : — 
 
 German, 14s. Pianoforte, 35s. 
 
 Greek, 14s. Organ, 40s. 
 
 Gymnastics, 8s. 
 
 A boy who, on coming to the School, has never learnt Latin, if 
 thirteen years (or more) of age, may be placed in a special class in 
 •which more time is devoted to Modern Subjects, at an extra charge 
 of two guineas per term. This covers the charge for German. 
 
 A boy is admitted at eight years old if he can then read and write 
 fairly, and have begun arithmetic. If twelve years (or more) of age, 
 a certificate of good conduct from his last School must be previously 
 forwarded. 
 
 The School is amongst those invited to compete for the Scholar- 
 ships of the Eoyal Agricultural Society, and for the Medals of the 
 Koyal Geographical Society. 
 
 HOLIDAYS. 
 
 At Christmas, about six weeks, from the third week in December. 
 
 In the Summer, about seven weeks, from the last week in July. 
 
 The remainder of the year is divided into three terms, which aver- 
 age 13 weeks each, the first and second terms being continuous. 
 
 Instead of holidays at Easter, leave of absence from the Speech 
 Day early in May, to the Saturday week following is given when 
 desired. 
 
 N.B. — Special arrangements may in some cases be made for pro- 
 viding for boys during the Summer and Winter HoUdays at a rate of 
 30s. per week, if sufficient notice be given. 
 
 CLOTHING, &c. 
 
 Each Boy must be provided with 
 
 3 Pairs of Boots or Shoes. 3 Night-shirts. 
 
 1 Pair of Slippers (black leather). 6 Linen (or 4 flannel) Shirts. 
 
 2 Suits of Clothes (3 recommended). 3 Flannel Waistcoats. 
 Sponge and Toothbrush. 6 Pairs of Socks. 
 Brush and Comb (in bag). 8 Pocket-handkerchiefs. 
 Clothes-brush. 8 Collars (if separate from shirts). 
 Pocket-comb. 
 
 At School a special cap is worn, which is supplied by the College 
 tailor for 2s. 
 
 N.B. — All articles must be marked with initials and surname in 
 full, and in thorough repair. 
 
 The Wardrobe-woman cannot be responsible for pocket-handker- 
 chiefs or gloves, or towels for bathing. 
 
 Each boy must be provided with a stout deal play-box, not exceed- 
 ing one foot eight inches in length, one foot in breadth, and nine 
 inches in height, with good lock-and-key, and his name painted on it.
 
 APPENDIX. 53 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The Annual Confirmation is held, when possible, in Holy Week. 
 
 Punctuality in returning to school is strictly required. There is 
 a fine of 2s. 6d. per day for absence, unless a Medical certificate has 
 been previously forwarded. These fines will go to the Boys' Library. 
 
 A certificate of health, according to a form which will be supplied 
 on appUcation for admission, must be sent with each boy. 
 
 Parents, or others, wishing for an interview with the Head Master, 
 can see him by appointment on any week-day, except Thursdays and 
 whole holidays, between 12 and 1 o'clock. At other times, Visitors 
 should enquire for the Secretary. 
 
 ARDINGLT, NEAR HAYWAED'S HEATH, SUSSEX. 
 
 §. §ahi0ur'0 Grammar cSrkooL 
 
 {In connection with S. Nicolas College, Lancing.) 
 
 For the Sons of Poor G-entlemen, Tradesmen, Farmers, Mechanics, and 
 
 others of small Incomes. 
 
 Situated three miles fkom the Haywaed's Heath Station, on the 
 London and Beighton Eallwat. 
 
 A. 1. This School is intended, under God's blessing, to meet the 
 wants of persons of very small means, whose sons may be boarded 
 and educated in the subjects necessary for their station in Society, at 
 an expense little exceeding the cost of food. Boys are admitted from 
 the age of eight years, if they can read fairly. If ten or more at the 
 time of admission, they must have a certificate of good conduct from 
 their last school. 
 
 2. The course of instruction adopted includes the following sub- 
 jects : (a.) English and Latin Grammar, Heading, "Writing, Arith- 
 metic, Mathematics, including Euchd, Algebra, and Mensmration, 
 Book-keeping, Geography, English and General History, and Vocal 
 Music, (b.) Latin, and the rudiments of Greek, are also taught to 
 boys who require a more classical education, and who may thus be 
 prepared to stand for scholarships at Hurst or Lancing. 
 
 3. The Head Master is a Clergyman of the Church of England, as- 
 sisted by Clergymen, Graduates, Associates of S. Nicolas CoUege, and 
 others. 
 
 4. A Chaplain is provided to attend solely to the moral training of 
 the pupils, as it is beheved that a Clergyman not concerned in the 
 daily instruction may do much to promote a truthful intercourse be- 
 tween Master and Scholar. 
 
 5. The expenses of education, board, and washing, are fixed at 
 fifteen guineas per annum, but parents wishing to place their soaa
 
 64 APPENDIX. 
 
 more particularly under the care of the Head Master, and in one of 
 Ms dormitories, can do so by paying three guineas a-year extra. The 
 following charges are made each term to the whole school : — 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 Lancing Chapel Building Fund . 
 College Dues .... 
 
 Boys' Benefit Fund «... 
 Ordinary Medical Attendance ^ 
 Linear Drawing and Drilling 
 Porterage {Carting boxes to and from station) 
 Seamstress ..... 
 Breakage (general) .... 
 Hair-cutting .... 
 
 These include every charge, except for books, stationery, and trades- 
 men's bills. A charge of 2s. each term, for the use of books, is made 
 to boys in the under School, that their friends may be saved the ex- 
 pense occasioned by the loss and destruction of books. The following 
 are optional extras : — French, 10s. per quarter ; Pianoforte, £1 per 
 quarter ; Organ, £1 10s. per quarter. 
 
 6. An entrance fee of 10s. must be paid to the Secretary at the 
 time of entering a boy for admission. Caution Money, £1, must be 
 paid with the first quarter's dues ; this will be returned when a boy 
 leaves, or such portion of it as as is not owing for his last quarter's 
 bill. All school dues must be paid in advance, to the S. Saviour's 
 School Account at Messrs. Baeclay, Bevan, Tbitton, and Co.'s Bank, 
 54, Lombard-street, London, B.C., or to the Secretary, one week be- 
 fore the following days : — January 25, April 10, July 29, and Oc- 
 tober 4. The School quarter lasts about ten weeks. 
 
 7. Three months' notice, or a quarter's dues, are required before 
 the removal of a boy. 
 
 8. As this School is instituted specially to aid the efforts of persons 
 in humble circumstances in the virtuous education of their sons, pa- 
 rents whose incomes will admit of it should apply to the Rev. the Head 
 Master of S.John's School, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, where the charge 
 is about 80 guineas per annum to Sussex boys, and 33 guineas to others, 
 or to the Rev. the Head Master of Lancing, lohere the charge is 55 
 guineas. 
 
 9. There are two vacations in the year, of about five weeks each, but 
 boys may, by permission of the Head Master, remain during the holi- 
 days at a charge of £1 per week. 
 
 10. It must be obvious to all who read this prospectus, that the 
 charge of 15 guineas can only provide plain but substantial food. 
 A diet table can be had, if desired. 
 
 » A fund in the hands of certain Trustees, some of whom are elected by the boys, 
 to assist its members in after life. See College Calendar. 
 
 ^ If it is thought desirable to send a boy to the School Infirmary, a charge of &d. 
 a-day will be made for as long as the doctor thinks it right that he should remain 
 there.
 
 APPEXDIX. 55 
 
 B. Servitoes' School for eight boys above twelve years of age, who 
 assist in the household work, and receive regular instruction in school 
 for not less than three hours a-day. Terms, £5 per annum. The 
 College provides a portion of the Servitors' clothing. Supernumeraries, 
 who must be eleven years of age at the least, are received at £10 
 a-year, and they will succeed to full servitorships as vacancies occur. 
 The following charges are made each term to boys in this depart- 
 ment : — 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Boys' Benefit Fund » 
 
 Ordinary Medical Attendance 
 
 Seamstress .... 
 
 Hair-cutter .... 
 
 General Breakage . 
 
 Carting boxes to and from the station 
 
 Lancing Chapel Building Fund . 
 
 . 
 . 2 
 . 1 
 . 
 . 1 
 . 
 . 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Apphcations for further particulars, and for admission, to be made 
 to the Eev. F. M. D. Mertens, M.A., Head Master. 
 
 Parents of boys, and others, in writing to the Head Master, or to 
 the Secretary, are requested to put their fuU address on every letter 
 they send. 
 
 Letters should be addressed, " Ardingly CoUege, Hayward's Heath." 
 Telegrams should be addressed, " Ardingly CoUege, Lindfield." 
 Money Orders should be drawn on Hapstead, Sussex. 
 
 Every boy is reqmred to have a weekly allowance of at least two- 
 pence, which will be charged in advance in the School-bill, and wiU be 
 paid to the boy through the School authorities. 
 
 It is requested that boys be provided from home with aU necessary 
 articles of clothing. 
 
 1. Every boy is required to have at least — 
 
 4 Day-shirts. 4 Pocket-handkerchiefs. 
 
 3 Night-shirts. 1 Pair of Shppers. 
 
 4 Pairs of Socks. 1 Brush and Comb-bag. 
 
 2 Pairs of Strong Boots, or Shoes 2 Suits of Clothes (3 recommended). 
 (3 recommended). 
 
 2. Every article must be in thorough repair, marked at full length, 
 and not with initials only. 
 
 3. Dark trousers and waistcoats must be sent, and all collars must 
 be attached to the shirts (unless flannel shirts only are worn), or an 
 extra charge will be made for washing. 
 
 4. A night shirt will be left at school in the hoUdays, miless a notice 
 of removal has been given. 
 
 • A fund in the hands of certain Trustees, some of whom are elected hy the hoys, 
 to assist its members in after life. See College Calendar.
 
 56 * APPENDIX. 
 
 5. If boys wear coloured clothes, it is suggested that a piece of the 
 same pattern be sent for mending. 
 
 6. Every boy is required to wear a distinctive cap, which is supplied 
 by the School tailor. 
 
 7. The Wardrobe- woman cannot be responsible for pocket-handker- 
 chiefs, gloves, towels for bathing, or for such articles as a boy has in 
 his own keeping. 
 
 MEMOEANDUM. 
 
 The following Scheme for the remuneration and examination of 
 School Exhibitioners at Ardingly is substituted for that passed on 
 26th March, 1874. 
 
 I. That £5 be deducted from the amount of school dues to be 
 paid by an Exhibitioner up to the completion of his fifteenth year, 
 £10 on the completion of his sixteenth year, and that the school 
 dues be entirely remitted on the completion of his seventeenth year. 
 That he receive payment at the rate of £10 and £15 for the two 
 succeeding years respectively, and subsequently that he receive pay- 
 ment at the rate of £20 per annum until he pass his final exami- 
 nation as Associate, Provided always that no boy be appointed an 
 Exhibitioner until he has been at the least one year in the School, 
 and that no Exhibitioner be entirely exempted from the payment of 
 school dues until he has completed at the least one year from the 
 date of his appointment. 
 
 Note : — That the reduction of an Exhibitioner's payment or the 
 increase of his salary, as the case may be, shall date from the 
 Quarter Day next after the completion of his birthday. 
 
 II. That a School Exhibitioner at Ardingly must present himself 
 for the Entrance Examination for Associates on the S. Andrew's 
 Day next after the expiration of the period when he ceases to pay 
 school dues, and that any school Exhibitioner whose name shall be 
 placed on the honour list of such examination shall be entitled to 
 receive £3 Ss. per annum, in addition to his ordinary salary, until 
 the S. Andrew's Day next after the completion of his nineteenth 
 birthday, at which time he shall be ehgible to present himself for 
 the final examination. 
 
 III. That any Candidate who has twice failed to pass either the 
 Entrance or the Final Examination shall cease to be a School 
 Exhibitioner. 
 
 August 1st, 1877.
 
 APPEKDIX. 
 
 57 
 
 DIET TABLE. 
 
 Days. 
 Sunday. 
 
 Monday. 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 Wednesday. 
 
 Thubsday. 
 
 Fbiday. 
 
 Satubday. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 Bread and 
 
 Butter, 
 with Tea. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Cold Meat, with 
 
 Bread & Vegetables. 
 
 Pudding. 
 
 Pudding. 
 Bread and Cheese. 
 
 Hot Meat, with 
 The same. Bread & Vegetables. 
 Pudding. 
 
 Meat Pie, with 
 The same. Vegetables, 
 
 Bread and Cheese. 
 
 Hot Meat, with 
 The same. Bread & Vegetables. 
 Pudding. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Pudding. 
 Bread and Cheese. 
 
 Meat Pie, with 
 
 Vegetables. 
 
 Bread and Cheese. 
 
 Tea. 
 Bread and 
 
 Butter, 
 with Tea. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 I. dIhEb'0 Calkg^, 
 
 Postal Address, — S.Ghad^s,Denstone, Uttoxeter. Post Office Orders 
 to be draion on Rocester Office, and Telegrams sent also to Eocester ; 
 
 Railway Address, — S. Chad's, Denstone, Rocester Junction, North 
 Staffordshire Railway ; 
 
 Under the direction of the Provost and Fellows, consists of four 
 departments : — 
 
 I. S. Chad's Gkammar School offers a sound education on mode- 
 rate terms on the Pubhc School system, and on Church principles, 
 to the sons of the middle classes. 
 
 Boys are admitted from the age of eight years, if they can then 
 read fairly. If thirteen or more at the time of admission, they 
 must have a satisfactory certificate of good conduct. 
 
 School regulations. The course of instruction comprises Divinity, 
 English, French, German, Latin and Greek ; Mathematics and 
 Natural Science; History, Geography, "Writing, Arithmetic, Book- 
 keeping and Surveying, Vocal Music, and Drawing, Freehand or 
 Mechanical.
 
 58 APPENDIX. 
 
 On Boys rising from the Lower to the Upper School, Parents can 
 choose for them either of two courses of instruction; the one in 
 which Greek is taught without extra charge, and which quahfies 
 Boys for the Universities ; the other preparatory to business, in- 
 cluding German at an extra charge, as well as Natural Science and 
 Book-keeping. 
 
 All boys attend prayers in the Chapel, and receive religious in- 
 struction in School under the superintendence of the Chaplain, who 
 admits such as are quahfied into the Choir. 
 
 There is a Boys' library, from which all who subscribe to it are 
 allowed to take out books under regulations. 
 
 Holidays in the Summer and at Christmas begin on or about 
 July 29th (the College Speech-day) and December 21st, and last 
 about six weeks. Special arrangements can be made for keeping 
 boys during the holidays at a charge of £1 per week. There is 
 an optional holiday of less than a fortnight about April 25, when 
 boys are not required to go home. 
 
 Thursdays and Saturdays are half -holidays, on which boys can 
 visit or see their friends by permission between twelve and five. 
 The Calendar of S. Nicolas College, containing the hst of whole 
 hohdays, is published by Messrs. Parker, 377, Strand, London, and 
 may be had of all booksellers. 
 
 It is most important that nothing hut a really urgent cause should 
 prevent boys from returning punctually after the holidays. They be- 
 come liable to fine if this rule is not attended to. In cases of unavoid- 
 able delay notice should be given to the Head Master. Wlien boys 
 have been iU during the hohdays, or exposed to infection, a certificate 
 must be signed by the medical attendant stating that they can return 
 with safety to themselves and their school - fellows. A form of such 
 certificate will be found printed on the back of the bill. 
 
 Terms d;c. The expenses of Education, Board and Washing, are 
 thirty-four guineas per annum, (or thirty-six guineas with German), 
 paid three times a-year in advance. Entrance fee, one guinea, to be 
 paid at the time of entering a Boy for admission ; 2s. a term to be 
 paid towards the maintenance of the School Infirmary, and 2s. 6fZ. for 
 Boys in Upper School, and Is. for Boys in Lower School, payable in 
 Easter Term, for the University Examiners' fee. Boys desiring the 
 University Leaving Certificate pay a further fee of 7s. Qd. These 
 charges include every expense except tradesmen's bills and books, 
 which, with pocket-money and play-ground subscriptions, need not 
 exceed £5 per annum. 
 
 Head Master's House. A Hmited number of boys are under the 
 immediate care of the Head Master, Hve in the wing of the building 
 adjoining his house, and enjoy, as far as possible, such advantages as 
 they would if they boarded with him. The inclusive charge for these 
 boys is forty-eight guineas without, or fifty guineas with German. 
 
 Day Scholars can be received at £8 8s. per annum : Entrance fee 
 10s. M. ; Examiners' fee, as above.
 
 APPENDIX. 59 
 
 The Piano is taught as an extra at £4 4s. per annum, and Short- 
 hand writing at 2s. 6d. per term. 
 
 Payments are due one week before each of the following days : — 
 January 25, April 25, September 14; and can be made either to the 
 Secretary at the College, or to "S.Chad's Scholars' Account" at 
 the Manchester and Salford Bank, S. Ann Street Branch, Manchester. 
 Notice must be given at the half Term at latest, previous to removal, 
 or a half Term's dues are required. 
 
 Domestic Regulations. Parents are requested to provide each boy 
 with three pairs of shoes or boots, and one pair of leather shppers ; 
 six day-shirts, with other articles in proportion, and three suits of 
 clothes. Dark coats, trousers, waistcoats, and neckties must be sent ; 
 all collars must be attached to the shirts (unless flannel shirts only 
 are worn), or an extra charge will be made for washing. Every article 
 must be marked at full length, and not with initials only, and should 
 be in thorough repair. Every boy is required to wear a distinctive 
 School cap, which will be supplied by the School tailor. The Ward- 
 robe-woman cannot be responsible for pocket-hankerchiefs or gloves, 
 or for towels for bathing. Lists of clothes should be made on printed 
 forms suppKed for that purpose. It is particularly requested that all 
 complaints of irregularity in these matters may be made at once upon 
 the boy's return home for the hoUdays. 
 
 Parents are requested to avoid as much as possible sending eatables 
 to their children ; and it must be understood that such things are only 
 permitted at all vmder certain regulations. Each boy should have 
 a stout deal play-box, not exceeding one foot eight inches in length, 
 one foot in width, and nine inches in height, with good lock-and-key. 
 Clothes-boxes must be of moderate size, and the owner's name and 
 address on a stout label attached to the key. 
 
 n. Special Depaetment, for a limited number of pupils preparing 
 to be Engineers, Architects, Surveyors, or to pass professional Exami- 
 nations. The instruction in it includes EngUsh, French, Latin, and 
 Greek ; Arithmetic and Book-keeping ; EucHd, Algebra, and Trigono- 
 metry ; Natural Philosophy and Science, History and Geography, Sur- 
 veying, Mechanical Drawing, and Shorthand Writing. 
 
 Terms for Instruction, Board and Washing, forty-five guineas per 
 annum, payable in advance, January 25, April 25, September 14. En- 
 trance fee, three guineas, which is dispensed with in the case of boys 
 who have been resident in the Grammar School not less than two 
 years. Examiners' Fee, German and Piano, as in the Grammar 
 School. 
 
 This department is intended to meet the special case of youths for 
 whom the ordinary course of a Grammar School is not suitable, or 
 for those requiring special tuition for a pai-ticular examination, but 
 as the department does not recognise any system of cramming, boys 
 should not enter it for less than a year at least. 
 
 m. Training School for Masters in Middle Class Schools. 
 Terms for Instraction, Board and Washing, twenty-six guineas per 
 annum, payable in advance as above. Entrance fee, three guineas.
 
 60 APPENDIX. 
 
 which is dispensed with as in the preceding department. In the 
 case of youths who have been in any School of S. Nicolas College 
 for two years, the terms are reduced to seventeen guineas per annum. 
 
 Candidates for admission must not be under seventeen, nor, as 
 a rule, above nineteen years of age. A preliminary examination is 
 required, as stated at length in the Calendar, to which any one needing 
 further information about the objects and advantages of this depart- 
 ment is referred. Each student has a separate study, and is required 
 to provide himself with the academic dress worn in the College, and 
 with a surpUce. Satisfactory testimonials are required on entrance, 
 together with a statement that it is the Candidate's wish to be trained 
 as a Church of England Schoolmaster. 
 
 IV. Servitors' School, for eight boys above twelve years of age, 
 who are trained in household-work, and receive regular instruction for 
 not less than three hours a-day. Terms £5 per annum, payable in 
 advance as above, with M. per term to the Boys' Benefit Fund. The 
 College provides a portion of these Servitors' clothing. Eight other 
 boys are received into this School, paying £10, until they succeed to 
 a vacancy at £5. 
 
 Communications relating to any of these Departments should be 
 addressed to the Matron, the Head Master, or the Provost, as may 
 be desirable. 
 
 D. EDWAEDES, M.A., 
 
 Acting Head Master. 
 EDWAED C. LOWE, D.D., 
 August, 1878. Provost. 
 
 MIDDLE SCHOOL. 
 
 This School (originated by the late Miss Rooper, at Hove, and 
 finally estabhshed at Bognor, in Sussex, by the Lady C. G. Eliot) offers 
 to the Clergy, Tradesmen, Farmers, and others of moderate means, 
 a sohd education for their daughters, upon the principles of the Church 
 of England, and at the lowest possible cost. Children are not admitted 
 after the age of Sixteen. The necessary expenses are as follows : — 
 
 Board and Education. 
 
 For Pupils of Nine years of age, ) r>-i /^ • 
 
 and ipwards . ^ . ° .} ^1 ^mneas per annum. 
 
 For all under that age . . 17 ,, „ 
 
 Washing, Two Guineas per annum. 
 School Dues and Chaplain's Fund . 12s 6d. a quarter. 
 Lancing Chapel Fund . . 2s. Od. ,,
 
 APPEXDIX. 61 
 
 Extras. 
 
 Music 
 
 French . 
 
 rreehand Drawing 
 
 German , 
 
 Latin 
 
 Class Singing . 
 
 5 Guineas per annum. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 There is an Entrance Fee of One Guinea, and books are also charged 
 extra. All payments are to be made in advance, (either Quarterly or 
 Half-yearly,) on the 1st of January, the 25th of March, the 21:th of 
 June, and the 1st of October. 
 
 A Quarter's Notice, or a Quarter's Payment, is required previously 
 to the removal of a Pupil. The Christmas HoHdays begin on the 3rd 
 Friday in December, and last five weeks. The Summer HoHdays begin 
 on the 4th Thursday in June, and last six weeks. 
 
 The charge for Pupils who remain at the School during the HoHdays 
 is Fifteen Shillings per week. 
 
 Prospectuses of the Department for Training Domestic Servants, 
 and of the Upper School, may be had on appHcation to the Lady 
 Warden, S. ^Michael's, Bognor: or to the Piev. the Provost, S.Nicolas 
 CoUege, Lancing. 
 
 It is requested that the dress of the Pupils may be plain and simple ; 
 that their hats and bonnets may be trimmed with white in Summer, 
 and may be black in "Winter. Should washing-frocks be worn, each 
 dress will be charged M. "White petticoats may not be worn in Winter. 
 Each pupU must be provided with two pairs of strong walking-boots, 
 one pair of house-boots or shoes, a pair of goloshes, and a dressing- 
 gown. AU washing articles must be marked with the surname in fuU. 
 A white or coloured muslin for evening use is requisite. 
 
 Visitors admitted the first Monday in the month only. 
 
 Parents are requested not to send eatables to their children. 
 February, 1877. 
 
 ;, lEkha^r^, ^cgnar. 
 
 A small School is attached, intended exclusively for the Daughters 
 of Gentlemen. 
 
 The Education comprises thorough EngHsh Instruction, with French 
 and Music, taught by resident Governesses, both EngHsh and Foreign. 
 All other accompHshments are extras. 
 
 These young Ladies join the Middle School at meals, and for the 
 Class ; but they have a separate Governess and School-room, and take 
 their walks and amusements separately. 
 
 Books are charged extra. AU washing articles must be marked with 
 the surname at fuU length. Each young lady is required to bring 
 a silver fork and spoon, two pairs of sheets, eight towels, and six 
 dinner-napkins.
 
 62 APPENDIX. 
 
 All payments to be made in advance (either Quarterly or Half- 
 yearly), on the 1st of January, the 25th of March, the 24th of June, 
 and the 23rd of September. 
 
 A Quarter's notice, or a Quarter's payment, is required previously 
 to the removal of a Pupil. The Christmas Hohdays begin on the 
 3rd Friday in December, and last five weeks. The Summer Hohdays 
 begin on the 4th Thursday in June, and last six weeks. 
 
 Terms : Sixty Guineas per annum. Washing, One Guinea a quarter. 
 School Dues, 17s. Qd. 
 
 Extras : — 
 
 Water Colour Drawing 
 
 Freehand Drawing 
 
 German . 
 
 Latin 
 
 Class Singing . 
 
 Prospectuses of the Middle School, and of that for Training Do- 
 mestic Servants, may be had on appHcation to the Lady Warden, 
 S. Michael's, Bognor ; or to the Kev. the Provost, S. Nicolas College, 
 New Shoreham. 
 
 . 5 Guineas 
 
 per annum 
 
 . 2 „ 
 
 j> 
 
 . 2 „ 
 
 5> 
 
 . 2 „ 
 
 55 
 
 . 2 „ 
 
 55 
 
 May, 1878. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. 
 
 GiKLS of good character, over 10 years of age, are received into this 
 School to be trained for Domestic Service ; the different branches of 
 which they are taught thoroughly, together with needle-work. 
 
 Terms, £8 per annum. Entrance fee, 10s., paid in advance. 
 
 If, after three months, a girl is found satisfactory and industrious, 
 she will be clothed at the expense of the Institution, during the thne 
 she remains in the School, wliich should be three years at least, and 
 when she is fitted for service, she will be provided with a suitable 
 wardrobe. 
 
 There are no stated holidays ; but a holiday can be earned by good 
 conduct. 
 
 Michaelmas, 1868. 
 
 List of Clothes for the Scholars admitted to S.MichaeVs, 
 Lower School. 
 Two Night Shifts. Two Upper Petticoats (coloured). 
 
 Two Day Shifts. Four Frocks. 
 
 Four Pairs of Stockings. Four Working Pinafores, or Aprons. 
 
 Two Pairs of Strong Boots. Four White Aprons. 
 
 Two Flannel Petticoats. Comb and Brush, to be brought in 
 
 Six Pocket-handkerchiefs. a bag.
 
 APPE^T)IX. 63 
 
 §. ^mxt'^ §c\wol, J^bbate gromkg, 
 
 {In connection with S.Chad^s College, Denstone.) 
 
 Visitor — The Lord Bishop of Lichfield. 
 
 Provost — Eev. Canon Lowe, D.D, 
 
 Lady Suh-Warden — Miss Alice M. Coleeidge. 
 
 Chaplain — Key. E. Scaelett. 
 
 Head Mistress — Miss Dugdale. 
 
 This School, a Church-of-England Listitution, is intended to pro- 
 vide, upon a sound and accurate system, a religious and useful educa- 
 tion for the daughters of Clergymen, and other Professional men of 
 limited means, and of the Agricultural and Commercial Classes gene- 
 rally. It is conducted by Ladies of experience in teaching, and by 
 a Chaplain, who undertakes the Eehgious Listruction of the Pupils. 
 The Chapel, under Hcence from the Bishop, is used for daily prayers. 
 
 The standard aimed at in the Education of the School is one that 
 quahfies Girls to become Governesses or School-mistresses. They are 
 examined annually by the University of Cambridge, and can also be 
 prepared for the Cambridge Local Examinations. At the same time, they 
 are trained for the homely duties of hfe, to become good accountants 
 and good needlewomen, and the older ones are encouraged to acquire 
 some knowledge of domestic management. Where special taste is 
 shewn for any accomphshment, pains are taken to cultivate it tho- 
 roughly ; but parents are advised by no means to press for accom- 
 plishments for which their children have not any marked aptitude. 
 
 The course of Listruction includes the Church Catechism and Scrip- 
 ture History, Beading, Writing, Arithmetic, Mathematics, Book-keeping, 
 Enghsh Grammar and Literature, French, History and Geography, 
 Part-Singing and Free-hand Drawing, with Needlework, together with 
 such subjects as may be desirable from the hst of extras below. 
 
 Twenty-six Pupils representing the original School House, for which 
 no rent is paid, are received at twenty-five guineas per annum, payable 
 in advance, January 25, Apiil 25, and September 1. There are also 
 the following fees : — Chaplain's Fund, one guinea ; Chapel Completion 
 Fund, one guinea ; and Laundress, three guineas per annum ; Ex- 
 aminers' Fee, 5s. per annum ; Medical Fee, 156-. per annum ; Entrance, 
 one guinea. Other pupils pay two guineas additional per annum for 
 rent of extra boarding accommodation, but succeed in order of seniority 
 to vacancies at the School House Terms. 
 
 The following subjects are extras :- 
 Pianoforte, or Harmonium 
 German . 
 Latin 
 Private Singing Lessons . 
 
 Dancing Classes are formed from time to time, under special ar- 
 rangements. 
 
 . £5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 per 
 
 annum 
 
 . 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 jj 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 5>
 
 64 APPENDIX. ' 
 
 Day Pupils are received at six guineas per annum. Entrance, 10s. 6d. ; 
 Chaplain's Fund, 10s. 6d. per annum ; Chapel Completion Fund, 
 10s. 6d. per annum ; Examiners' Fee, 5s. per annum. 
 
 The summer holidays of six weeks foUow as soon as convenient, 
 upon July 19, S. Anne's Day, the School Festival and Prize-giving 
 Day; and the Christmas hohdays of five weeks on or about Dec. 21. 
 There is a hohday of about three weeks, beginning about April 25, 
 when the pupils may remain at a charge of 10s. a-week. 
 
 Abbots Bromley is very healthily situated on a gravelly soil, mid- 
 way between Eugeley Station on the North Western, and Uttoxeter on 
 the North Staffordshire. On the days of breaking-up and opening, 
 omnibuses convey pupils to and from these stations. 
 
 Communications can be addressed to the Kev. Provost Lowe, 
 S. Chad's, Denstone, Uttoxeter ; or directly to the Lady Sub- Warden, 
 S. Anne's, Abbots Bromley, Kugeley. 
 
 It is requested that the dress of the pupils may be plain and simple ; 
 white hats or bonnets, trimmed with white, must be worn on Sundays, 
 from Easter Day to November 1st, inclusive; black, trimmed with 
 black, for the rest of the year. White petticoats may not be worn 
 in winter. Each Pupil must be provided with two pairs of strong 
 walking-boots, one pair of house-boots or shoes, a pair of goloshes, 
 and a dressing-gown. All articles capable of being so marked must 
 bear the owner's name in full. A wliite dress is required. 
 
 Every Pupil wiU be fined 2s. 6^. for the first day, and Is. for each 
 subsequent day's absence from School after the appointed time for 
 return ; except in case of illness, when a Medical Certificate is re- 
 quired, which must be received before the day of return. 
 
 Each Pupil must be provided with suitable clothes and under -linen, 
 all in good condition, and with plain needlework properly cut out and 
 prepared ; also with aU the requisites for mending. 
 
 Parents are requested not to send eatables to the Pupils. 
 
 If extra commons are necessary, the School provides them, at a mo- 
 derate charge. 
 
 P. 0. Orders to be made payable to A. Coleeidge, at Abbots 
 Bromley. 
 
 Journey-money cannot be advanced- 
 Pocket-money, Journey-money, &c., is not included in School pay- 
 ments, but should be sent separately. 
 
 PupUs of more than twelve years of age are required to furnish 
 satisfactory testimonials of character. 
 
 A half Term's notice, or a half Term's dues, required in cases of 
 removal. Absence on account of iUness can only be allowed when 
 certified by a Doctor to be necessary. 
 
 August 1, 1878. 
 
 '^xmU'H bg lames '§uxhx anb Co., Crofon f arb, ^Kiaxt.
 
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