LIB RARY F TH E OF ILLINOIS 630.T iwi rvo.49-60 AGRICULTURE Jfcu NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book Is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161 O-1096 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. Agricultural Experiment Station URBANA, MAY, 1898. BULLETIN NO. VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. SUMMARY. The yield of milk from different cows under the same conditions differs greatly, and that from the same cow varies widely from day to day. The composition of milk is highly variable; the ratio of fat to other solids, and that of solids to water, are not constant as between different cows or for the same cow on successive days. The percentage of fat, or of other solids, is not always highest in the smaller yields, but cows that give milk with a high per cent, of solids generally show a low total yield. Fat is the most variable constituent of milk, and its variations are independent of those of the other solids; therefore the yield of milk is a better index of the other solids than it is of the fat. As regards the first and last milk drawn, the proportion of solids not fat is higher in the first, but the proportion of fat is decidedly greater in the last. When the milking periods are unequal the longer period will gen- erally, though not always, give the larger yield of milk, of fat, and of solids not fat; but the difference in yield does not correspond to the difference in time; that is, the secretion calculated per hour is greater during the shorter period. Neither day time nor night time is shown to be superior as a milk producing period. 77 78 BULLETIN NO. 51. Different cows differ in their power to make milk from food, and the same cow varies in this respect from time to time. It pays to select the individual according to her power to manu- facture milk from food, and according to the character of the product. Aside from the influence of food or environment each animal ex- hibits individual variations of her own, and such variations tend to show something like periodicity in the separate functional activities of the animal body. How THE EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED. For a period of ten months, beginning May i, 1897, the yield of milk, of fat, andiof solids not fat was determined for each of five cows and separately for each milking. Of the cows under experiment Dolly and Janet are high grade Jerseys: Jochemke (called Jock) and Lady Pietertje Veeman (called Lady Pietertje) are registered Holstein- Friesians, and Eva is a high grade of the same breed. The animals were pastured during the summer, and in fall and winter they received the same kinds of food in such amounts as their appetites required. It was in no sense a feeding experiment, and no attempt was made to compare the yield of milk with food consumed. The sole object was to study the daily and periodic variations in the yield and the character of the milk from the same and from different animals kept under conditions as nearly as possible like those in com- mon practice. Throughout the experiment the milking periods were by design unequal, the period from morning until evening being 1 1 hours and from evening until morning 13 hours. This inequality is common on the farm, excepting that the periods are generally reversed in length during the summer season. All tests were made in duplicate. Fat was determined by the Bab- cock method with accurately calibrated bottles. The solids not fat were determined with the Quevenne lactometer and the results calcu- lated from Babcock's tables. To discover what the experiment teaches concerning certain general principles the records of all the cows for the first three months are compiled and the results tabulated and briefly discussed. The records of all the cows for the month of May though voluminous are published in full to facilitate a study of variations as between individuals. Fol- lowing this are given full records of one of the cows for the entire experiment in order to afford data for a study in individual variations from day to day and throughout an extended period. All the tables are drawn upon for data bearing upon the constitution of milks produced under varying conditions as to animals and time, but not disturbed by feed. Last are certain miscellaneous data of interest in the same con- nection. i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 79 VARIATIONS IN MILK. TABLE i. TOTAL YIELD OF MILK IN POUNDS PER MONTH, MORNING AND EVENING. Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. P TO- May Tune .. . 445-5 301.4 44.6 371-6 266.4 58.5 338.7 335-8 292.6 277.1 277.0 273.4 306.1 269.0 222.1 271-3 234-3 213.0 374-6 360.7 299.4 304.0 309.3 279.8 583.4 491.6 390.7 482.9 428.3 372.2 July .... As would be expected the largest yield is at the morning milking. The only exception is that of Jock in July at the close of her milking period. Why conditions should be reversed in her case is a mystery that is not cleared up by the closest study of her daily performances. The greatest difference in favor of the morning milking of any cow and for any month is 100.5 pounds, or 18 per cent., of Lady Pietertje for May. The question next arising is whether or not the excess of the morn- ing's milking over that of the evening corresponds exactly to the differ- ence in the length of periods which are to each other as 13 to n. To throw light upon this question the following table is constructed: TABLE 2. YIELD OF MILK CALCULATED IN POUNDS PER HOUR, MORNING AND EVENING. Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. May I .10 7i 13 1.09 .81 .20 .84 .86 75 .81 .84 .83 .76 .61 55 .80 .71 .62 93 .92 77 .89 94 85 1-45 i .26 97 1.42 1.30 .1.09 June July . . Of the fifteen calculations in the above table ten show that more milk was secreted for each hour of the time from morning until evening, and five show more milk secreted for each hour of the longer period from evening till morning. The differences in favor of the longer period are very slight and never over .04 of a pound per hour, or about 4 per cent. On the other hand the excess in favor of the shorter period is commonly much larger in case of Lady Pietertje for July rising to .12 of a pound or n per cent.; and in the case of Eva for June to . i of a pound per hour, or 14 per cent. This difference in favor of greater rapidity of milk secretion between the morning and evening milkings may be due either to the shorter period or to the time of day. Experi- ments now in progress in which the milking periods are each 12 hours in length have thus far failed to show any advantage of the day over the night for milk secretions. (See table TO, p. 83.) This seems to indicate that for milking periods of unequal length the yield of the shorter is greater in proportion to the time involved than that of the longer. 8o BULLETIN NO. 51. VARIATIONS IN FAT. TABLE 3. TOTAL YIELD OF FAT IN POUNDS PER MONTH MORNING AND EVENING MILK- Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. May 15-30 10.60 i-73 13.60 9.90 2.22 15.60 14.71 13.21 13-4 12.23 12.23 10.30 9.24 7-73 9-93 8.59 7.78 15-70 15-15 13-17 13-27 13.06 12.43 18.43 15.79 13-37 17-73 14-25 13-7 Tune .. Tuly . . The same general principle appears to hold in the yield of fat as in the yield of milk; namely, that the greater yield is from the longer period. Yet there are three exceptions: one of Jock as she is going dry, one of Lady Pietertje^ in July in which she yielded 2^2 percent, more fat in the shorter period, and one of Eva in the same month with a slight excess in favor of the evening milking. Again, it is interesting to notice below the rate at which this fat has been manufactured per hour during both the longer and the shorter periods: TABLE 4. YIELD OF FAT CALCULATED IN POUNDS PER HOUR, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. May Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. i a. m. p. m. a. m p. m. a. m. p. m. .038 .027 .005 .040 .030 .008 039 .038 .032 039 037 037 .026 .024 .019 .029 .026 .023 039 039 034 039 -039 -038 .046 .041 -033 .052 043 .040 Tune .. . July . . Even more pronounced than in the case of milk, the calculated hourly manufacture of fat is greater in the shorter period. Out of the fifteen cases there are but three exceptions. In two of these the secre- tion per hour is the same for the two periods and in the remaining instance the excess in favor of the longer period is but .0001 of a pound per hour, a difference that is insignificant. On the contrary the differ- ences in favor of the shorter period" are pronounced and in one instance it is .007, or seven times as great as the greatest difference in favor of the longer period. The evidence is unmistakable, and to the effect that the rate of secretion of fat is more rapid for the shorter period. Because of the considerable excess in time in favor of the long period more fat was yielded at the morning milking, and yet the tendency to greater production of fat during the shorter time was so marked that in nearly every case the average per cent, of fat was higher for the evening milking. 1898.] VARIATIONS fN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. TABLE 5. THE AVERAGE PER CENT. OF FAT, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. ' Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. May 3-43 3-51 3.88 3.66 3.71 3.8o 4.60 4.38 4.51 4.84 4.42 4-47 3.36 3-43 3.48 3.66 3.67 3.65 4.19 4.20 4.40 4-37 4.22 4-44 3.16 3-21 3-42 3.67 3-33 3.68 June July. VARIATIONS IN SOLIDS NOT FAT. TABLE 6. TOTAL YIELD OF SOLIDS NOT FAT IN POUNDS PER MONTH, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. May June July. Jock. Dolly. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. 41.98 29.91 4-32 35-34 26.33 5.89 32.01 3L77 27.81 25-99 26.27 25.68 Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m p. m. a. m. p. m. 26.85 24.28 20.42 24.18 21 .32 19.36 33.63 33-15 27.29 26.89 27.90 25-31 52.51 44-39 35-79 43-7 38.6 33-7 With one exception the yield of solids not fat is greatest for the morning milking, and that exception is with Jock in July, whose milk yield for that month is higher during the shorter period. This excep- tion is notable, not only because it is the only exception, but because the excess yielded during the shorter periods amounted .to nearly 25 per cent. It will be noted that Jock in going dry reverses nearly every principle established by the other cows. That this is due to individ- uality and not to the fact of going dry may be seen by a study pf the records of Lady Pietertje for October. The following table is prepared in order to learn whether this excess in favor of the morning corresponds with the increased time involved: TABLE 7. YIELD OF SOLIDS NOT FAT CALCULATED IN POUNDS PER HOUR, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. May .104 .071 .012 . 104 .080 .020 .079 .081 .071 .076 .079 .078 .069 .062 .051 073 .065 .057 .083 .085 .070 .079 .085 .077 .130 .114 .089 .128 .117 .099 June luly . Nine of the above instances indicate a tendency to a greater hourly manufacture of solids not fat during the shorter period, but the dif- ferences are inconsiderable and notably less than the corresponding 82 BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, differences in fat production. In the six remaining cases the rate of manufacture is the same for both periods or slightly in excess for the longer. This substantially agrees with the yield of milk as a whole rather than with the secretion of fat which tends much more strongly to be higher for the shorter period. So true is this that the following table showing the average per cent, of solids not fat for the morning and evening milking exhibits only inconsiderable differences, which, more- over, are by no means constant as between morning and evening milk. TABLE 8. THE AVERAGE PER CENT. OF SOLIDS NOT FAT, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m a. m. p. m. a. m. 8.98 9-19 9. ii p. m. a. m. p. m. May 9.42 9.92 9.69 9-51 9.88 10.07 9-45 9.46 9-50 9.38 9.48 9-39 9.07 9-03 9.19 9. ii 9. 10 9.09 8.85 9.02 9.05 9.00 9-03 9. 16 9-05 9.02 9.08 Tune .. . Tuly .- VARIATION IN TOTAL SOLIDS. It now seems well to combine the fat and solids not fat and study the rate of production of total solids. TABLE 9. YIELD OF TOTAL SOLIDS CALCULATED PER HOUR, MORNING AND EVENING MILK. Jock. Dolly. Eva. Janet. Lady Pietertje. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. a. m. p. m. May .142 .098 .017 .144 . no .028 .118 .119 .103 US .116 US .095 .086 .070 .102 .091 .080 .122 .124 . 104 .118 .124 114 .176 .155 . 122 .180 . 160 139 June . July.. Average . . .085 .094 113 .115 .084 .091 II? IJ 9 151 .159 With four exceptions the production of total solids calculated per hour was higher during the shorter period. Of these exceptions three were in favor of the longer period and in one the hourly production was equal in both periods. Notwithstanding these exceptions, however, the highest average for each cow is during the shorter period. The study of these tables seems to show that the constitution of milk varies with the length of the milking period, unless it may be later shown that the day time is more favorable for milk production than is the night, a contingency that has not yet been suggested by experiments at this Station, as shown by a careful study of the following table: i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. TABLE 10. YIELDS OF EVENING MILKINGS WHEN THE CORRESPONDING MORNING MILK- INGS ARE TAKEN AT IOO, AND THE PERIODS BETWEEN MlLKING ARE EQUAL. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. March. April. March. April. March. April. Lady Pietertje 99 IOI 96 IOO IOO IOO 102 96 89 1 06 92 103 96 IOO 95 97 99 99 Eva Rose The above is taken from another experiment now in progress and exhibits several remarkable facts. During the month of March Eva gave more milk in the evening than in the morning, but the other two gave less. In April the yield of all was the same morning and evening. Lady Pietertje for both months gave more fat at the evening milking, but the others gave less, excepting Rose in April, leaving- the evidence divided. Regarding solids not fat, they all gave less at night than in the morning, excepting Eva in March. Differences exhibited in this table are apparently slight, but being averages should be significant. They are arranged upon opposite sides of the question, and yet the differences in favor of the morning milking are greater than those in favor of the evening. The following complete records are published to facilitate a more particular study of variations in milk. The first five pages are for five different cows during the month of May to afford a study of individual peculiarities. The fifth and nine succeeding pages exhibit the record of a single cow for ten months during which time she became fresh. From April 3oth to May 6th all the cows were on blue grass pasture, excepting on the 2d when they were confined in the barn all day. From May 7th to i5th both day and night were spent in pasture, excepting on the pth and i3th when they were kept in the yard at night and given a feed of oat hay. On the evening of the i5th at milking time the floor of the barn was still wet and slippery from scrubbing and considerable excitement was developed on the cows coming into the barn. From May 1 6th to the close of the month the cows were continuously on clover pasture instead of blue grass. On the evening of May i3th Jock, Lady Pietertje, and Eva were milked an hour later than common, and on the morning of May 3oth all the cows were milked an hour earlier. Dolly was in heat May igth, and Janet May 26th. BULLETIN NO. 51. \May, TABLE n. VARIATIONS IN MILK. JOCHEMKE No. 8013. H. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. i. JO o_c. ~>r. Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. rf Pounds. rf Pounds. a. * " 1897. 7 7 70 7 M r* o a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m o 5 % S. May Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily n "^ p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m r 7.8 .28 3-6 73 9-3 I.OI 12.9 6.79 87.1 38 07 i 7.0 14.8 .28 56 4.0 .67 i .40 9-5 95 1.96 i3-5 6.05 12.84 86.5 42 . 09 9-4 34 3-6 .87 9-3 .21 12.9 8.19 87.1 39 . 06 2 7-4 16.8 3i 65 4.2 .70 i-57 9-5 .OI 2.22 13-7 6-39 14-58 86.3 44 . 09 7-3 .28 3-8 .71 9-7 99 13.5 6.31 86.5 39 . 12 3 7-3 14.6 .29 57 4.0 .66 i-37 9.1 95 1.94 13-1 6-35 12.66 86.9 44 3 8.5 .28 3-3 77 9- 05 12.2 7-45 87.7 36 03 4 7-2 15-7 27 55 3-7 .66 i-43 9-2 93 1.98 2-9 6.27 13-72 87.1 - 5 10.6 .38 3-6 .96 9.1 -34 2-7 9.26 87-3 .40 03 5 9-4 20. o 3 1 .69 3-3 .86 1.82 9-2 i? 2.51 2-5 8.23 17-49 87-5 -36 - 05 12. I .40 3-3 I. 10 9- 1 50 2-4 10.60 87.6 36 - 04 6 9 .6 21.7 37 77 3-9 .88 1.98 9.2 25 2-75 8-35 18.95 86.9 .42 - 05 13.0 42 3-2 ' .18 9- 1 .60 2-3 11.40 87.7 36 3 7 II. 24.0 42 .84 3-8 .00 2.18 9.1 42 3.02 2-9 9-58 20.98 87.1 42 - 04 14-5 49 3-4 .28 8.8 77 2.2 12.73 87.8 38 . OI 8 10.4 24-9 42 .91 4.0 .98 2.26 9-4 .40 3-17 3-4 9.00 21-73 86.6 43 9 I4.I 45 3-2 9-3 .76 2.5 12.34 '87-5 34 07 9 12.6 26.7 45 .90 3-6 17 2.48 9-3 .62 3.38 2.9 10.98 23.32 87.1 38 . 06 15.0 .51 3-4 37 9.1 .88 2-5 13.12 87-5 37 - 05 10 10.4 25-4 -44 95 4.2 99 2.36 9-5 43 3-31 3-7 8-97 22.09 86.3 44 . IO 14.4 49 3-4 34 9-3 8 3 2-7 12.57 87-3 37 . 06 ii 10.4 24.8 42 .91 4.0 .98 2.32 9-4 .40 3-23 3-4 9.00 21.57 86.6 43 9 14.6 So 3-4 -33 9- 1 83 2-5 12.77 87-5 .38 04 12 10.6 25.2 44 94 4-2 .02 2-35 9.6 .46 3-29 3-8 9.14 21.91 86.2 43 . OI 14.2 50 3-5 -32 9-3 .82 2.8 12.38 87.2 38 . 06 13 II. 25.2 .40 .90 3-6 .04 2.36 9-5 44 3-26 3.1 9-56 21.94 86.9 38 . 08 '5-5 .48 3-i .41 9.1 .89 2.2 13.61 87.8 34 04 14 II. 26.5 .40 .88 3-6 .01 2.42 9.2 3-30 12.8 9-59 23.20 87.2 .40 5 15.0 .51 3-4 -38 9-2 '.89 12.6 13.11 87-4 37 . 06 IS II. I 26.1 39 .90 3-5 -05 2-43 9-5 44 3-33 13.0 9.66 22.77 87.0 37 . 08 14.7 Si 3-5 -38 9-4 .89 12.9 12. 8l 87.1 37 . 08 16 10.7 25-4 41 9 2 3-8 .02 2.40 9-5 43 3-32 13-3 9.27 22.08 86.7 .40 . 09 15.0 45 3-0 .40 9-3 85 12.3 87.7 32 . 06 17 ii. 8 26.8 45 .90 3-8 .11 2.51 9-4 -56 3-4i 13.2 10.24 23-39 86.8 4' . 08 15.1 54 3-6 -43 9-5 97 13- ! 13-13 86.9 38 . 09 18 13-7 28.8 52 i. 06 3-8 29 2.72 9-4 3-78 13.2 11.89 25.02 86.8 .40 9 15.0 .51 3-4 43 9-5 94 I2.g 13.06 87.1 -36 . IO ig 12.4 27.4 35 .86 2.8 .18 2.61 9-5 53 3-47 12.3 10.87 23-93 87.7 30 . 08 .62 3-6 63 9-4 25 13.0 15-05 87.0 38 . 08 2O is's 3J- 1 58 1.20 4.2 32 2-95 9.6 .90 4-15 13-8 11.90 26.95 86.2 44 . ii 16.0 .61 3-8 54 9.6 15 13-4 13-85 86.6 40 . ii 21 i4-5 30-5 59 1.20 4.1 39 2-93 9.6 .98 4-13 12.52 26.37 86.3 42 . ii 15-8 57 3-6 50 9-5 .07 I3- 1 13-73 86.9 38 09 22 15-0 30.8 57 I.I4 3-8 45 2-95 9-7 .02 4.09 13-5 12.98 26.71 86.5 39 . ii 17.1 .62 3-6 .66 9-7 .28 13-3 14.82 86.7 37 . 12 23 13-8 3-9 So I. 12 3-6 32 2.98 9.6 .82 4.10 13.2 11.98 26.80 6.8 -38 . IO 16. i 55 3-4 56 9-7 . ii I3- 1 13-99 86.9 35 . II 24 J5-5 31-6 56 I. II 3-6 47 3-03 9-5 03 4-H '3-47 27.46 86.9 38 9 17.6 56 3-2 .69 9.6 25 12.8 J5-35 87.2 33 . 09 25 M-5 32-1 52 1. 08 3-6 3-io 9-7 93 4-i8 13-3 12.57 27.92 86.7 37 . 12 16.3 55 3-4 ^58 9-7 13 13-1 14.17 86.9 35 . II 26 15-0 31.3 54 1.09 3-6 .46 3-4 9-7 .00 4-'3 '3-3 13.00 27.17 86.7 37 . 12 I7 .6 -58 3-3 .69 9.6 27 12.9 15-33 87.1 34 . IO 27 15-2 32.8 -52 I. 10 3-4 49 3.i8 9.8 .01 4.28 13-2 13-19 28.52 86.8 35 13 16.2 -50 3-1 59 9.8 .09 12.9 14.11 87.1 13 28 15-6 31-8 .51 1. 01 3-3 3-10 9-7 .02 4.11 13.0 13-58 27.69 87.0 34 . II 16.5 -56 3-4 [62 9-8 .18 13.2 14-32 86.8 -35 13 29 15-0 3 I; 5 .41 97 2.7 47 3-og 9.8 .88 4.06 12.5 13.12 27-44 87-5 .28 . 12 16.4 59 3-6 .61 9.8 . 20 13-4 14.20 86.6 37 13 30 14.4 30.8 39 .98 2.7 .41 3.02 9-8 .80 4.00 12.5 12.60 26.80 87-5 .28 . 12 16.8 -67 4.0 .61 9.6 .28 13.6 14-52 86.4 42 . II 3 1 '4-3 3i-i .60 i. .27 4-2 37 2.98 9.6 '97 4-25 13-8 12.33 26.85 86.2 -44 . II I a. m 445-5 15-30 41.98 57-28 388.22 ^ Ip.m 371-6 817.1 13-63 28.93 35-34 77-32 48.97 106.25 322.63 710.85 .(am 14-3 49 3-4 i-35 9-4 1.84 12.52 87.1 <] ( P- m 12.0 26.3 44 93 3-7 1.14 2-49 9-5 1.58 3.42 10.41 22.93 86.8 i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. TABLE 12. VARIATIONS IN MILK. DOLLY. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. JC M Pounds. Pounds. r . Pounds. Of Pounds. % Pounds. t s*" 1 % 5 1897. 7 A* 7 /a * o S- a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m Jo ? a. May. Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily S 3 p. m. p. m. >. m p. m. >. m p. m. >. m p. m. ). m ? 9.6 .40 4.2 .91 9-5 I-3I 3-7 8.29 86.3 44 109 i 7-5 17.1 38 78 5.0 .76 1.67 O.I 1.14 2.45 5-1 6.36 14-65 84.9 5 119 9.0 .40 4-4 .90 0.0 .30 4-4 7.70 85.6 44 .117 2 7.6 16.6 33 73 4-4 .69 '59 9.1 .02 2.32 3-5 6.58 14.28 86.5 .48 .105 IO.O 46 4.6 95 9-5 .41 4. i 8.59 85-9 48 .no 3 8.2 18.2 36 .82 4-4 75 1.70 9-2 .n 2.52 3-6 7.09 15-68 86.4 .48 .106 9-4 39 4-2 .89 9-5 .28 3-7 8.12 86.3 44 .109 4 7-8 17.2 .36 75 4.6 .69 1.58 8.9 05 2-33 3-5 6-75 14.87 86.5 52 . IOI 10.6 .46 4-3 I.OO 9-4 .46 3-7 9.14 86.3 .46 .109 5 8.8 19.4 42 .88 4-8 .82 1.82 9-3 24 2.70 7.56 16.70 85-9 Si .108 10.7 47 4-4 I.OI 9-4 .48 3-8 9.22 86.2 47 .109 G 8.7 19.4 .40 87 4-6 .80 1.81 9-2 .20 2.68 3-8 7-50 16.72 86.2 5 .107 10.8 So 4.6 1.02 9-4 5 2 4.0 9.28 86.0 49 .109 7 9.0 19.8 45 95 5.0 .8l 1.83 9.0 .26 2.78 4.0 7-74 17.02 86.0 .56 .105 II. 2 48 4-3 1.04 9-3 S 2 13-6 9.68 86.4 .46 .107 8 9.0 2O. 2 47 95 5-2 85 1.89 9-5 3 2 2.84 H-7 7.68 17-36 85-3 55 .no n-4 52 4-6 1. 08 9-5 .60 14.1 9.80 85-9 .48 .110 9 IO.O 21.4 5 i. 02 5-0 .91 1.99 9.1 4 1 3.01 14.1 8-59 18.39 85.9 55 .106 ii. 6 .51 4-4 1.09 9-4 .60 13.8 10.00 86.2 47 .109 10 IO.O 21.6 50 I.OI S-o .90 1.99 9.0 .40 3.00 14.0 8.60 18.60 86.0 .56 -105 II. 48 4-4 I.OO 9- 1 .48 13-5 9-52 86.5 .48 .105 ii 8.4 19.4 48 .96 5-7 .81 1.81 9.6 .29 2.77 15-3 7.11 16.63 84-7 59 .114 12. O 56 4-7 1.09 9.1 .65 13.8 86.2 105 12 8.0 20. o 45 I.OI 5-6 74 1.83 9-3 19 2.84 14.9 6^81 17.16 85-1 .61 .109 II. O 47 4-3 1.03 9-4 50 '3-7 9.50 86.3 .46 .108 13 8.5 19.5 41 .88 4 8 77 i. 80 9.1 .18 2.68 7.32 16.82 86.! 53 .105 n. i 53 4-8 I.OO 9.0 53 13-8 9-57 86.2 53 .104 14 8-7 19.8 38 .91 4-4 79 1.79 9.1 2.70 13-5 7-53 17.10 86.5 .48 i5 11.9 56 4-7 i. n 9-3 '.67 14.0 10.23 86.0 50 .109 IS 7-' 19.0 34 .90 4-8 67 1.78 9-4 .01 2.68 14.2 6.09 16.32 85.8 .109 10.5 S 2 S.o I.OO 9-5 5 2 14-5 8.98 85.5 52 .110 16 8-5 19.0 42 94 4-9 77 1.77 9.0 .10 2.71 13-9 7 3i 16.29 86.1 55 .105 11.3 .52 4-6 i. 06 9-4 58 14.0 9.72 86.0 49 .109 17 8-5 19.8 39 .91 4.6 .82 1.88 9.6 .21 2-79 14.2 7.29 17.01 85.8 .48 .112 II. 2 53 4-7 i. 08 9.6 .6l 14-3 9-59 85.7 49 .112 18 9-2 20.4 43 .96 4-7 .88 1.96 9.6 I-3I 2.92 14-3 7.89 17-48 85.7 49 .III II .1 53 4-8 i. 08 9-7 1.61 14.5 9-49 85.5 49 "3 '9 8-5 19.6 46 99 5-4 79 1.87 9-3 1.25 2.86 14-7 7-25 16.74 85.3 58 .108- IO.O 5 95 9-5 45 14-5 8-55 85-5 53 "5 20 9-4 19.4 44 94 4-7 .91 1.86 9-7 35 2.80 14.4 8.05 16.60 85.6 .48 .112 10.4 5 4.8 99 9-5 49 14.3 8.91 85.7 .51 .III 21 9-5 19.9 5 I.OO 5-3 .89 1.88 9-4 39 2.88 14-7 8. ii 17.02 85.3 .56 . 109 10.5 55 5-2 I.OO 9-5 55 14.7 8-95 85-3 55 .III 22 8.9 19.4 45 I.OO 5.0 85 1.85 9-5 3 2.85 14-5 7.60 16.55 85.5 53 .112 n. 6 55 4-7 i. n 9.6 .66 14-3 9.94 85-7 So .112 23 8.1 19.7 39 94 4-8 75 1.86 9.2 14 2.80 14.0 6.96 16.90 86.0 52 .107 10. I 50 5-o 99 9-8 49 14.8 8.61 85.2 5' "5 24 9-5 19.6 48 98 5-o .91 1.90 9.6 39 2.88 14.6 8. ii 16.72 85.4 53 .112 11.7 Si 4-4 1.09 9-3 .60 13-7 10.10 86.3 47 .108 25 9-4 21. 1 43 94 4.6 .89 1.98 9-5 .32 2.92 14.1 8.08 i8.-i8 85-9 .48 .109 n. 6 53 4-6 I.IO 9-5 63 14.1 9-97 85.9 .48 .110 26 IO.O 21.6 47 I.OO 4-7 95 2.05 9-5 42 3-05 14.2 8.58 18.55 85.8 49 .IIO 12. 55 4.6 9-5 .69 14.1 10.31 85-9 -48 .III 2? 9-9 21.9 44 99 4-4 9' 2. of 9-5 38 3.07 13-9 8.52 18.83 86.1 47 .III 11. 51 4-6 9-4 54 14.0 9.46 86.0 .50 .108 28 9-3 20.3 45 .96 4-8 8 < 1.92 9.6 34 2.88 14.4 7.96 17.42 85.6 Si .III IX. O 54 4-9 I.O' 9-4 57 14-3 9-43 85-7 52 .109 29 IO.O 21.0 50 I.O. 5.o 98 2.OI 9-8 .48 3-05 14.8 8.52 '7-95 85.2 "5 II. O .48 4-4 i. 06 9.6 54 14.0 9.46 86.0 45 .112 3 11. 22. O 45 93 4.1 1.06 2.12 9.6 .51 3-05 '3-7 9-49 18.95 86.3 42 .112 12. i 56 4-5 1.18 9-5 74 14.0 10.66 86.0 47 .110 3 1 IO. I 22.5 .48 I.O. 4-8 95 2-13 9-4 43 3.i7 14.2 8.67 19-33 85.8 .109 g- j a. m 338.7 15-57 32.01 47.58 291.12 < Ip.m 277. 615.8 J3-4 28.98 25.99 58.00 39-4 86.98 237.70 528.82 > j a " m 10.9 5C 4.6 1.03 9-5 '53 9-39 85-9 1 P.m 8. I 9 .8 4 93 4-8 84 1.8 9-4 i .27 2.80 7-67 17.06 85.8 BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, TABLE 13. VARIATIONS IN MILK. EVA. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. .? H o_S Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. rf Pounds. a. Pounds. , s^S, * o - S 1897. 70 A* /u 7 r o 2. a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m Z * ' May Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily n = p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m " A 8.0 3 3-8 73 9.1 i 03 2.9 6-97 87.1 .41 04 i 7.0 15.0 29 59 4-2 67 1.40 9.6 .96 1.99 3-8 6.04 13.01 86.2 43 . 12 8.6 33 3-8 83 9.6 .16 3-4 7-44 86.6 .40 . 12 2 7-8 16.4 64 4.0 73 1.56 9-4 .04 2.20 3-4 6.76 14.20 86.6 42 07 8.0 2 9 3-6 76 9-5 05 6-95 86.9 38 . 09 3 7-6 15-6 2 9 58 3-8 .69 i-45 9.1 .98 2.03 2.9 6.62 13-57 87.1 .42 05 7.8 .27 3-5 73 9-3 .00 2.8 6.80 87.2 37 7 4 8.4 16.2 3 57 3-6 75 1.48 8.9 05 2.O5 2.5 7-35 14-15 87-5 .40 . OI 8.8 3 3-4 79 9.0 .09 2-4 7.71 87.6 38 03 5 9-5 18.3 3 1 .61 3-3 85 1.64 8.9 .16 2.25 2.2 8.34 16.05 87.8 36 . O2 9.6 32 3-3 85 8.9 '7 2.2 8.43 87.8 38 . OI 6 9-3 18.9 37 .69 4.0 84 1.69 9.0 .21 2. 3 8 3-0 8.09 16.52 87.0 44 04 9-7 32 3-3 87 9.0 .19 2.3 8.51 87.7 37 . 02 7 9-4 19.1 38 .70 4.0 .86 J-73 24 2-43 3. I 8.16 16.67 86.9 44 05 IO.O 36 3-6 85 8.5 .21 2.1 8-79 87.9 42 .097 S 8.1 18.1 Sam pie bottle brok en. Day left Ut of cal culati ons. 10.4 35 3-4 95 9.1 3 2.5 9.10 87-5 37 . 04 9 9.6 20.0 36 7 1 3-7 87 1.82 23 2-53 2.8 8-37 17-47 87.2 .41 04 10.5 38 3.6 93 8^9 2-5 9.19 S/.S .41 . OI 10 9.1 19.6 35 73 3.8 83 1.76 9.1 !i8 2-49 2-9 7.92 17.11 87.1 42 05 9-9 33 3-3 .88 8.9 .21 2.2 8.69 87.8 .38 . OI ii 18.0 33 .66 74 1.62 9.1 .07 2.28 3-2 7.03 15.72 86.8 45 . 06 9-9 3 a S 2 .87 8.8 .19 2.O 8.71 88.0 37 . 00 12 8.0 17.9 64 4.0 75 1.62 9-4 .07 2 26 3-4 6-93 15.64 86.6 43 . 09 IO.O 35 3-5 .90 9.0 25 2-5 8-75 87-5 39 . 02 13 8.9 18.2 3 1 .66 3-8 .76 1.66 9-3 .07 2.32 3.1 7-'3 15.88 86.9 07 IO.O 3-2 .89 8.9 .21 2.1 8-79 87.9 3<5 . OI 14 8.3 18.3 3 .62 3-6 .76 1.65 9-2 .06 2.27 2.8 7-24 16.03 87.2 39 . 06 12.2 45 3-7 1.09 8.9 54 2.6 10.66 87-4 41 . 02 15 8.3 20.5 34 79 .76 1.85 9.1 .10 2.64 3-2 7.20 17.86 86.8 45 . 06 9-2 3 3-3 .82 8.9 .12 2.2 8.08 87.8 37 . OI 16 8.6 17.8 S 2 .62 3-7 79 1.61 9.2 .11 2.23 2-9 7-49 iS-57 87.1 05 11.4 38 3-3 1.03 9- 4' 2-3 9-99 87.7 37 03 '7 8-5 19.9 3 2 .70 3-8 itt 1.82 9-3 .11 2.52 3-1 7-39 17.38 86.9 .41 07 10.5 37 3-5 97 9-2 34 2.7 9.16 87.3 38 05 18 9.2 19.7 33 .70 3-6 85 1.82 9.2 .18 2.52 2.8 8.02 17.18 87.2 39 . 06 n. i .40 3-6 I.OO 9.0 .40 12.6 9.70 87.4 .40 03 19 9-i 2O. 2 35 75 3-8 83 1.83 9.1 .18 2. 5 8 12.9 7.92 17.62 87.1 .42 05 10.7 .42 3-9 97 9- 1 39 13.0 9.31 87.0 43 04 20 8.8 "9-5 35 77 4.0 .82 1.79 9-3 17 2.56 13.3 7.63 16.94 86.7 43 . 08 9.0 36 4.0 .84 9-3 .20 '3-3 7.80 86.7 43 . 08 21 8.1 17.1 35 .71 4-3 75 1.59 9.2 .10 2.30 13.5 7.00 14.80 86.5 47 07 9-3 33 3.6 .82 8.8 IS 12.4 8.15 87.6 .40 . OO 22 8.2 17-5 .64 3-8 75 i-57 9-2 .06 2.21 13.0 7-M 15-29 87.0 .41 . 06 9-4 34 3-6 .84 8.9 .18 12.5 8.22 87.5 .40 . 02 23 7-9 17-3 .27 .61 3-4 73 !-57 9-2 .OO 2.l8 12.6 6.90 15.12 87.4 37 . 05 9-4 34 3-6 .86 9.1 .20 12.7 8.20 87-3 .40 05 24 8-3 17.7 32 .66 3 8 76 1.62 9.2 .08 2.28 13.0 ' 7.22 15-42 87.0 .42 . 06 10.5 37 3-5 94 9.0 3 1 12.5 9.19 87-5 39 . 02 25 8.7 19.2 .69 3-7 .81 1.75 9-3 13 2.44 13.0 7-57 16.76 87.0 .40 7 10.3 37 3-6 .96 9-3 33 12.9 8.97 87.1 39 7 26 ' 9-2 19-5 32 .69 3-5 .87 1.83 9-5 .19 2.52 13.0 8.ot 16.98 87.0 37 . 09 II. O 34 3- 1 99 9.0 33 12. I 9.67 87.9 34 . O2 27 IO.I 21. 1 .36 .70 3-6 .92 1.91 .28 2.6l 12.7 8.82 18.49 87.3 39 05 IO O .31 .90 9.0 .21 12. 1 8.79 87.9 34 . O2 28 9-4 19.4 32 63 3-4 .87 1.77 9-3 19 2.40 12.7 8.21 17.00 87.3 37 . 06 10.5 34 3-2 .98 9-3 3 2 12-5 .9.18 87-5 35 . 7 2 9 9-9 20.4 3* 72 3-8 .92 1.90 9-3 3 2.62 I3-I 8.60 17.78 86.9 .41 5 IO.O 32 3-2 .92 9.2 24 12.4 8.76 87.6 35 05 3 12. 22. 43 75 3-6 1.09 2.01 9.1 52 I. 7 6 12.7 10.48 19.24 87-3 39 04 10.4 38 3-7 94 9.0 S 2 I2. 7 9.08 87.3 .40 03 31 8.6 19.0 32 .70 3-7 77 I.7I 9.0 .09 2.41 12.7 7-5i 16.59 87-3 42 03 |ja.m 296.1 10.30 26.85 37-15 258.95 ^ | p. m 263.2 559-3 9-93 20.23 24.18 5I-03 34-" 71.26 229.09 488.04 > j a ' m 9-9 34 3-5 .89 9.1 1.24 8.63 87.5 < "j 8.8 18.7 33 .67 3-8 .81 1.70 Q.2 1.13 2.37 7.63 16.26 87.0 i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. TABLE 14. VARIATIONS IN MILK. JANET. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. t/> -~ S-- Pounds. Pounds. 5.' May Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily w a a p. m. p. m. p.m p. m. p.m p. m. p. m p. m. p.m " S 9- .42 4-7 .76 8.4 .18 13 i 7.82 86.9 55 .097 i 7-4 16.4 37 79 5-0 .64 1.40 8.6 .01 2. 19 13-6 6-39 14.21 86.4 58 .100 IO. I Si 5-0 .91 9.0 42 14.0 8.68 86.0 56 105 2 8.4 18.5 33 .89 4-5 72 1.63 8.6 .10 2.52 13-' 7-30 15.98 86.9 53 .099 10.2 4' 4-o .92 9- 33 13.0 8.87 87-o 45 - I0 5 3 8-4 18.6 37 .78 4-4 7 1 1.63 8-5 .08 2.41 12.9 7-32 16.19 87.1 .52 .097 9-7 38 3-9 85 8.8 .2" 12.7 7-47 87.3 45 -"4 4 9.2 18.9 .40 78 4-3 76 1.61 8-3 .16 2-39 12.6 8.04 15-51 87.4 53 095 12. .36 3-o .98 8.2 34 II. 2 10.66 88.8 37 .092 5 9-2 21 .2 32 .68 3-5 75 1.73 8.2 07 2.41 11.7 8.13 18.79 88.3 43 -092 11.9 42 3-5 i .09 8.4 42 II-9 10.4^ 88.1 42 .095^ 6 8.2 20.1 .28 .70 3-4 .62 1.62 7-5 .90 2.32 7.30 17.78 89.1 45 .085 II. 48 4-4 .89 8.1 37 12.5 9.63 87-5 54 .092 7 9.6 20.6 41 .89 4-3 .78 i.67 8.1 .19 2.56 12.4 8.41 18.04 87.6 53 093 12. I 53 4-4 99 8.2 52 12.6 10.58 87.4 54 094 8 9-5 21.6 94 4-3 .80 1.79 8-4 .21 2-73 12.7 8.29 18.87 87-3 Si .097 ii. i -47 4-2 97 8-7 44 12.9 9.66 87.1 49 .100 9 10.5 21.6 45 .92 4-3 94 1.91 8.9 39 2.83 13-2 9.11 18.77 86.8 .48 .103 12.5 54 4-3 1. 12 9.0 .66 13-3 10.84 86.7 .48 .103 10 9-7 22.2 .40 94 4.1 85 1.97 8.7 25 2.91 12.8 8-45 19.29 87.2 47 .IOI 12.4 Si 4. i I. 12 9.0 63 13-1 10.77 86.9 46 .104 ii 9.2 21.6 41 .92 4-5 .80 1.92 8.7 .21 2.84 13.2 7-99 18.76 86.8 Si .100 12.4 47 3-8 I. 08 8-7 55 '2.5 10.85 87-5 44 .100 12 9.9 22.3 .48 95 4-8 .00 1.98 9.0 38 2-93 13.8 8.52 J9-37 86.2 53 .106 12. I .51 4-2 I.I3 9-3 .64 '3-5 10.46 86.5 45 .IO& '3 9-7 21.8 .40 .91 4.1 .86 1.99 8.8 .26 2.90 12.9 8-44 18.90 87.1 47 . IO2 12.9 49 3-8 1.15 8.9 .64 12.7 11.26 87-3 43 .IO2 14 10. 22.9 42 .91 4-2 .86 2.01 8.6 .28 2.92 12.8 8.72 19.98 87.2 49 .099 12.8 52 4.1 1.18 9-2 .70 13.3 II. 1C 86.7 44 .IOI IS 8-5 21.3 38 .90 4.5 76 1.94 8.9 '4 2.84 13.4 7-36 18.46 86.6 So 103 ii. 8 So 4-2 1.07 9.1 57 x 3-3 10.23 86.7 47 .105 16 9-6 21.4 .41 .91 4-3 .84 I.9I 8.8 25 2.82 8.35 18.58 86.9 49 .IOI 12.7 53 4-2 1.16 9-2 .69 13.4 II.OI 86.6 .46 .105 17 '22.2 45 .98 4'7 .88 2.04 9-3 33 3-02 14.0 8.17 19.18 86.0 5' .108 i?!s 45 3-8 1.07 9.1 52 12.9 10.28 87-! 42 .104 18 IO.O 21.8 49 94 4-9 .91 1.98 9.1 .40 3.92 14.0 8.60 18.88 86.0 54 .106 11.9 58 4-9 1. 12 9-4 70 14.3 10.20 85-7 52 .110 '9 10.3 22.2 .46 1.04 4-5 97 2.09 9-4 43 3-13 13.9 8.8? 19.07 86.1 47 .109 12.2 54 4-4 1. 12 9- 2 .66 13-6 10.54 86.4 .48 .106 20 "5 23.7 55 1.09 4-8 1.03 2.15 8-9 58 3-24 '3-7 9.92 20.46 86.3 -53 .104 12.6 55 4-4 i.*3 9.1 70 13.5 IO.9O 86.5 .48 .106 21 10.9 23-5 Si i. 06 4-7 95 2.10 8-7 .46 3.16 !3-4 9-44 20.34 86.6 54 .101 12.6 59 4-7 1-13 9-o .72 '3-7 10.88 86.3 .52 .104 22 9-5 22.1 47 i. 06 5-0 87 2.OO 9-2 34 3-o6 14.2 8.16 19.04 85.8 54 .107 12.5 55 4-4 1.15 9. 2 .70 13.6 10.80 86.4 .48 .106 23 10.5 33.0 47 1.02 4-5 .93 2.08 8-9 .40 3-io '3-4 9.10 19.90 86.6 5' .103 12.6 53 4-2 1.16 9. -2 .69 '3-4 IO.QI 86.6 .46 .105 24 II. 23.6 53 1. 06 4.8 98 2.14 8.9 Si 3-20 9-49 20.40 86.3 54 .103 13.2 55 4-2 1.19 9- 74 13.2 11.46 86.8 46 .104 25 II. O 24.2 47 I. O2 4-3 99 2.l8 9- .46 3.20 '3-3 9-54 21 .00 86.7 47 .104 13.0 55 4-2 1.22 9-4 77 13-6 11.23 86.4 45 .109 26 10.4 23-4 .96 3-9 .96 2.l8 9- 2 37 3-M 13.1 9-3 2O.26 86.9 .43 .106 13.4 !oo 4-5 1.22 9.1 .82 13-6 11.58 86.4 49 .106 27 10. I 23-5 44 1.04 4-4 94 2.l6 9-3 38 3.20 3-7 8.72 20.30 86.3 47 .108 '3-4 55 1-25 9-3 .80 '3-4 ii. 60 86.6 44 .108 28 ii. i 24-5 49 I.O4 4-4 1. 06 2.31 9-5 55 3-35 13-9 9-55 21.15 86.1 46 .III 13-0 52 4-o I. 21 9-3 73 '3-3 11.27 86.7 43 .107 29 10.4 23-4 43 95 4-' 94 2.15 9- 1 37 3.10 13.2 9.03 2O.3O 86.8 .46 .104 12.0 49 4.1 I.I4 9-5 63 13-6 10.37 86.4 43 .110 30 ii. 6 23.6 39 .88 3-4 1. 08 2.22 9-3 47 3.10 12.7 10.13 20.50 87.3 .36 .106 13.7 .60 4-4 I .22 8.9 .82 J 3-3 11.88 86.7 49 .103 31 9-2 22.9 42 1.02 4.6 .8l 2.O3 8.8 23 3.05 13-4 7-97 19.85 86.6 52 .102 g | a. m 3 S 374-6 15-70 33-63 49-33 324.27 <"lp.ni 304.0 678.6 13.27 28.97 26.89 60.52 40.16 89.49 264.84 589.11 I a. m >' J 12. I -5i 4-2 1. 08 9.0 i-59 13.2 10.46 86.6 Op.* 9.8 21.9 -43 94 4-4 .87 1-95 8.8 1.30 2.89 13-2 8.54 19.00 87.1 BULLETIN NO. 51. TABLE 15. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. X 8. u Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. _, Pounds. a. Pounds. "'* " 1897 7 A 1 7 fO 3 ^* _ a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m O ~ * F May Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily P* q = p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m 14.4 45 3-i .28 8.9 1-73 2.O 12.67 88.0 35 .IOI i II. 2 25.6 38 .83 3-4 .03 2.31 9-2 1.41 3-14 2.6 9-79 22.46 87.4 37 .105 15.1 48 3-2 42 9-4 1.90 2.6 13.20 87.4 34 .108 2 13.0 28.1 47 95 3-6 .16 2.58 8.9 1.63 3-53 2.5 "37 24-57 87.5 .IOI 14.2 44 3-i 32 1.76 2.4 12-44 87.6 33 .106 3 12.9 27.1 44 .88 3-4 .11 2-43 8.6 i-55 3-31 2.O "35 23-79 88.0 .40 .097 14-6 45 3-1 27 8-7 1.72 1.8 12.88 88.2 35 .098 4 I3-I 27.7 44 .89 3-4 17 2-44 8-9 1.61 3-33 2-3 11.49 24-37 87.7 .38 .IOI 18.0 5"! 2-9 .62 9.0 2.14 1.9 15-86 88.1 32 .102 5 15-5 33-5 59 i. ii 3-8 .41 3-3 9.1 2.00 4.14 2.9 I3-50 29.36 87.1 42 .104 20. o .58 2-9 .76 8.8 2-34 1-7 17.66 88.3 33 .099 6 13.9 33-9 Si 1.09 3-7 .24 3.00 8-9 i-75 4.09 2.6 11.15 28.81 87-4 .41 .no 18.5 56 3-o 65 8.9 2.21 1.9 16.29 88.1 34 .101 7 34-1 56 1. 12 3-6 37 3.02 8.8 i-93 4.14 2.4 13-67 29.96 87.6 41 .100 19.7 59 3-o .71 8-7 2.30 i-7 17.40 88.3 35 .098 8 15-7 35-4 .60 I 19 3-8 43 3.14 9.1 2.03 4-33 2.9 13-67 31-07 87.1 .42 .105 18.9 59 .70 9.0 2.29 2.1 16.61 87.9 35 .098 9 16.8 35-7 .62 I. 21 3-7 3-21 9.0 2.13 4.42 2-7 14.67 31.28 87-3 .41 .103 19.5 58 3-0 .72 8.8 2.30 1.8 17.20 88.2 34 .100 10 16.0 35-5 .67 1-25 4.2 44 3.16 9.0 2. II 4.41 3-2 13.89 31.09 86.8 47 .104 18.0 56 58 o o o . o 2.14 1.9 15.86 88.1 35 099 ii 15-2 33-2 .64 1.20 4-2 35 2-93 8-9 1.99 4-13 13.21 29.07 86.9 47 .102 18.7 .62 3-3 63 8-7 2.25 2.0 16.45 88.0 38 099 12 14.1 32-8 58 1.20 4- 1 2-94 9-3 I 8 9 4.14 3-4 12.21 28.66 86.6 44 .108 19.0 .61 3-2 1 -73 9.1 2-34 2-3 16.66 87-7 35 .104 13 14.8 33-8 59 1.20 4-o -36 3-09 9-2 i-95 4.29 3-2 !2.8 5 29-51 86.8 43 .106 18.9 .60 3-2 .72 9.1 2.32 2-3 16.58 87.7 35 .104 M 15-4 34-3 57 I.I? 3-7 39 3-ii 9.0 1.96 4.28 2-7 13-44 30.02 87-3 .104 18.9 59 3- 1 .68 8.9 2.27 2.O 16.63 88.0 35 .101 IS 15.1 34-o 54 I-I3 3-6 37 3-05 9.1 1.91 4.18 2.7 13-19 29.82 87-3 39 .104 18.4 .61 3-3 64 8-9 2.25 2.2 16.15 87.8 37 .101 16 15.0 33-4 57 1.18 3-8 35 2.99 9.0 1.92 4.17 2.8 13.08 29-23 87.2 .42 .103 20. o .62 .78 8.9 2.40 2.0 17.60 88.0 35 .IOI i? 15-0 35-o 65 1.27 4-3 44 3.22 9-6 2.09 4-49 3-9 12.91 30-51 86.1 45 .112 18.4 .61 3-3 -67 9-i 2.28 2-4 16.12 87.6 37 .104 18 17.2 35-6 .60 1. 21 3-5 53 3-20 8.9 2.13 4.41 2. 4 15.07 31-19 87.6 39 .IOI 20. i .66 3-3 .81 9.0 2-47 2-3 17-63 87.7 36 .103 19 16.7 36.8 65 1.31 3-9 So 3-31 9.0 2-15 4.62 2-9 14-55 32.18 87.1 43 .103 18.0 63 3-5 .64 9.1 2.27 2.6 15-73 87.4 38 .105 20 15.0 33-o 57 1.20 3-8 35 2-99 1.92 4.19 2.8 13.08 28.81 87.2 .42 .103 17-5 58 3-3 56 8.9 2.14 2.2 15-36 87.8 37 .101 21 16.0 33-5 67 1-25 4-2 .46 3.02 9-i 2.13 4.27 3-3 13-87 29.23 86.7 .46 .106 18.4 -63 3-4 .66 9.0 2.29 2 4 16. ii 87.6 38 .104 22 16.9 35-3 .61 1.24 3-6 54 3-20 9.1 2.15 4-44 2-7 14-75 30.86 87-3 .40 .104 21.3 77 3-6 .96 9.2 2-73 2.8 18.57 87.2 39 .105 23 15.1 36.4 54 I-3I 3-6 34 3-30 8.9 1.88 4.61 2-5 13.22 3i-79 87-5 .40 .IOI 18.5 57 67 9.0 2.24 2. I 16.26 87.9 34 .103 24 16.4 34-9 .62 I.I9 s's Si 3.18 9-2 2.13 4-37 3-o 14.27 30.53 87.0 .106 21.2 .68 3-2 93 9.1 2.61 2-3 18.59 87.7 35 .104 25 I6. 5 37-7 58 1.26 3-5 52 3-45 9.2 2.10 4-71 2.7 14.40 32-99 87-3 38 .106 20.4 63 .86 9.1 2-49 2.2 17.91 87.8 34 .104 26 l6. 4 36.8 57 1.20 3-5 54 3-40 9-4 2. II 4.60 2-9 14.29 32.20 87.1 37 .101 22. .68 .02 9-2 2.70 2-3 19-30 87.7 34 .105 2 7 l6. 5 38.5 54 I .22 3-3 -53 3-55 9-3 2.07 4-77 2.6 14-43 33-73 87.4 35 .106 2O. O 58 2-9 .82 9.1 2.40 2.O 17.60 88.0 32 .104 28 l6. 7 36.7 52 l.IO -54 3-36 9-2 2.o6 4-46 2-3 14.64 32.24 87.7 34 105 22.1 .66 3.0 .01 9.1 2.6 7 2.1 19-43 87.9 33 .104 29 17.0 39- * 58 1.2 4 3-4 53 3-54 9.0 2. II 4-78 2-4 14.89 34-32 87.6 -38 .103 20.3 65 3-2 85 9.1 2.5O 2-3 17.80 87.7 35 .104 30 22.8 43-i 71 I. 3 6 .01 3-86 8.8 2.72 5-22 1-9 20.08 37-88 88.1 35 .100 20.4 65 3-2 .84 9.0 2.49 2.2 17.91 87.8 35 .103 31 15-4 35-8 55 1.2O 3-6 36 3-20 8.8 I.9I 4.40 2-4 13-49 31-40 87.6 4 .IOI gla. m 583.4 18.43 52-51 70.94 512.46 m ( p. m 482.9 1066.3 17-73 36.16 43-7 96.21 6l-43 132.37 421.47 933-93 | a. m 18.8 59 3-2 1.69 9.0 2.29 16.53 87.8 Mp.m 15-6 34-4 57 1.16 3-7 i-4i 3.10 9.0 1.98 4.27 13-59 30.12 87-3 1898.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 8 9 TABLE 16. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids, not fat. Total solids. Water. ? 0.=. Pounds. Pounds. ,. Pounds. % Pounds. * Pounds. I"'" 1 1897 A> A" w fj 3 a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m June Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily ST p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m 21.6 71 3-3 94 9.0 .65 2-3 18.95 87-7 37 i '7-3 38.9 59 1.30 3-4 57 3-5i 9.1 .16 4.81 2-5 15.14 34-09 87-5 38 21. .69 3-3 .89 9.0 58 2-3 18.42 87.7 37 2 16.8 37 8 59 1.28 3-5 -56 3-45 9-3 '5 4-73 2.8 14.65 33-7 87.2 38 20.4 .63 .82 8-9 -45 2.O 17-95 88.0 35 3 16.3 36.7 54 1.17 3-3 48 3-30 9.1 .02 4-47 2-4 14.28 32-23 87.6 36 20.5 .61 3-0 -85 9.0 -46 2.0 18.04 88.0 33 4 16.2 36.7 52 1. 13 3-2 47 3-32 9.1 99 4-45 2-3 14.21 32.25 87-7 35 2O. 2 63 .82 9.0 45 2.1 I 7-75 87.9 35 5 I 7 .0 37-2 54 1.17 3-2 Si 3-33 8.9 05 4-50 2.1 14-95 32.70 87.9 36 ig.I 59 3.1 74 9- * 33 2.2 16.77 87.8 34 6 36.5 .56 1.15 3-2 Si 3-25 8-7 .07 4.40 1-9 '5-33 32.10 88.1 37 1 20.5 .62 3-0 .82 8.9 44 !-9 18.06 88.1 34 7 16.0 36.5 'Si 1-13 3-2 44 3-26 9.0 95 4-39 2.2 14-05 32. ii 87.8 35 19.2 58 3-o 73 q.o 2.O 16.89 88.0 34 8 16.3 35-5 52 I. IO 3-2 45 3.18 8.9 97 4.28 2.1 14-33 31.22 87-9 36 18.3 55 3.0 63 8.9 .18 r -9 16.12 88.1 34 9 15-2 33-5 49 1.04 3-2 37 3-oo 9.0 .86 4.04 2.2 13.34 29.46 87.8 36 i7-3 54 3.1 .56 9.0 .10 2.1 15.20 87-9 35 10 '4-7 32.0 5 1.04 3-4 .28 2.84 8.7 .78 3-88 2.1 12.92 28.12 87.9 39 iS-3 52 3-4 44 9-4 .96 2.8 13.34 87.2 36 ii 14.4 29.7 46 .98 3-2 25 2.69 8.7 7i 3-67 1.9 12.69 26.03 88.1 37 14.2 43 3.0 .26 8-9 .69 1.9 IE. 51 88.1 34 12 14.1 28.3 45 .88 3-2 .21 2-47 8.6 .66 3-35 1.8 12.44 24-95 88.2 37 14.3 .46 3-2 2? 8-9 73 2.1 12.57 ,87-9 36 13 14.1 28.4 44 .90 3.1 27 2-54 71 3-44 2.1 2-39 24.9637-9 35 16.5 56 3-4 48 9.0 .04 2-4 4.46 87.6 38 14 14.0 30.5 48 1.04 3-4 .27 2-75 9.1 -75 3-79 2-5 2.25 26.71 87-5 38 16.4 .56 3-4 44 8.8 .00 2.2 4.40 87.8 39 15 15.0 31.4 Si 1.07 3-4 35 2-79 9.0 .86 3-86 2.4 3-i4 27.5487.6 38 13.6 .48 3-5 .20 8.8 .68 2-3 1.92 87.7 .40 16 12.5 26.1 42 .90 3-4 13 2-33 9.0 -55 3-23 2-4 0-95 22.87 87.6 37 10.9 43 3-9 .96 8.8 39 2-7 9-51 87-3 45 17 11.4 22.3 39 .82 3-4 .03 1.99 9.0 42 2.81 2-4 9.98 19.49 87.6 38 15-0 So 3-3 37 9-i .87 2.4 3-i3 87.6 36 18 12.6 27.6 .40 .90 3-2 .12 2.49 8-9 -52 3-39 2.1 i. 08 24.21 87.9 36 15.2 49 3-2 35 8.9 .84 2.1 3.36 87.9 .36 19 12.4 27.6 36 .85 2.9 .12 2.47 9.0 -48 3-32 1.9 0.92 24.28 88.1 32 17.0 54 3-2 -53 9- .07 2.2 4-93 87.8 35 20 13.2 30.2 47 I.OI 3.6 23 2.76 9-3 .70 3-77 2-9 26.43 87.1 38 16.5 49 9- .00 2.1 4-50 87.9 34 21 30.0 43 94 3-2 23 2.72 9- 1 .66 3-66 2-3 1.84 26.34 87.7 35 &7 52 3-i 50 9.0 .02 2.1 4.68 |87-9 35 22 14.9 31-6 49 I.OI 3-3 37 2.87 9-2 .86 3.88 2-5 3-4 27-72,87.5 36 15.6 48 44 9-2 .92 2-3 3-68 |8 7 -7 33 23 14.3 29.9 .46 94 3-2 3 2.74 9- 1 .76 3.68 2-3 2.54 26.22 87.7 35 15.7 -50 3-2 .46 9-3 .96 2-5 3-74 |8 7 .5 34 24 13-1 28.8 45 95 3-4 .21 2.67 9-2 .66 3.62 2.6 1.44 25.18 87.4 37 13.6 3-o .26 9-3 .67 2-3 1-93 87-7 33 25 12.8 26.4 5i 92 4.0 .20 2.46 9-4 3.38 3.4 1.09 23.02 86.6 43 13.4 43 3-2 .22 9- 1 ^65 2.3 -7S 87-7 35 26 12.9 26.3 44 87 3-4 .21 2.43 9-4 .65 3-3 2.8 1.25 23.00 87.2 36 14.3 49 3-4 .36 9-5 .85 2.9 2.45 87.1 36 27 13.6 27.9 .46 95 3-4 24 2.60 9- 1 .70 3-55 2-5 1.90 24-35 87.5 37 J 3-7 47 3-4 27 9-3 74 2-7 1.96 87-3 37 28 12.3 26.0 .42 .89 3-4 .11 2.38 9.0 53 3-2? 2.4 0.77 22.73 87.6 38 13.0 43 3-3 .l6 8.9 59 2.2 1.41 87.8 37 29 12. I 25-1 .84 3-4 .08 2.24 8.9 49 3.08 2-3 0.61 22.02 Hy.y .38 12.6 43 3-4 13 9.0 56 2-4 1.04 |8 7 .6 .38 30 11.9 24-5 44 .87 3-7 .07 2. 2O 9.0 Si 3.07 2-7 o-39 21.43 87-3 g | a. m 1/3 j p. m 491.6 428.3 919.9 '5-79 I4-25 30.04 44-39 38.64 83.03 60. 18 52.89 113.07 431.42 375-41 806.83 >' J 16.4 53 3-2 1.48 9.0 2.OO 14-38 87.8 1 P. m 14.2 30.6 47 I.OO 3-3 1.29 2-77 9.0 !. 7 6 3-77 12.51 26.89 87.7 9 BULLETIN NO. 51. \_May, TABLE 17. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B, Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. 90 it, Si -- Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. -. Pounds. a Pounds. ,* eL'S. 1897 A 3 TO f 3 ^* a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m July Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p '5 41 3-6 i .01 8.8 42 2-4 10.08 87.6 .41 i o-5 22. 35 .76 3-3 93 1.94 8-9 .28 2.70 2.2 9.22 19.30 87.8 .38 4-2 45 3-2 24 8-7 .69 1.9 12.51 88.1 .36 2 2-5 26.7 49 94 3-9 15 2-39 9.2 .64 3-33 3.1 10.86 23-37 86.9 43 2-5 .50 4.0 15 9.2 -65 3-2 10.85 86.8 43 3 24.2 .46 .96 3-9 .09 2.24 9-3 55 3-20 3-2 10.15 21.00 86.8 42 2-5 49 3-9 .21 9-7 70 3-6 10.80 86.4 .40 4 2-5 25.O 45 94 3-6 .18 2.39 9-4 .63 3.33 3-o 10.87 21.67 87.0 38 2.8 Si 4.0 .19 9-3 .70 3-3 II. IO 86.7 43 5 9.6 22.4 .46 97 4.8 9 2 2. II 9.6 38 3.08 4-4 8.22 '9-32 85.6 50 0.4 42 4.0 97 9-3 39 3-3 9.OI 86.7 43 6 2.2 22.6 .46 .88 3-8 .16 2.13 9-5 .62 3.01 3-3 10.58 19-59 86.7 .40 3-5 42 3' 1 24 9-2 .66 2-3 11.84 87-7 34 7 2.2 25.7 52 94 4-3 .12 2.36 9-2 .64 3-30 3-5 10.56 22.40 86.5 .46 3-2 .46 3-5 .21 9 -2 -67 2.7 "53 87-3 38 8 1-7 24.9 .40 .86 3-4 .03 2.24 8.8 43 3.10 2.2 10.27 21.80 87.8 39 2.6 45 3-6 13 9.0 58 2.6 11.02 87-4 .40 9 O.I 22.7 42 .87 4.2 92 2.O5 9- 1 34 2.92 3-3 8.76 19.78 86.7 .46 0.5 33 3- 1 95 9.0 .28 2.1 9-22 87.9 35 10 2.8 23-3 50 83 3-9 13 2.08 8.8 63 2.91 2.7 11.17 20.39 87-3 44 2.O 44 3-7 .08 9.0 52 2.7 10.48 87-3 .41 ii 1.6 23.6 .42 .86 3-6 .02 2.IO 8.8 44 2.96 2.4 10. 16 20.64 87.6 .41 2.1 38 3.1 .08 8-9 46 2.O 10.64 88.0 35 12 2.O 24.1 43 .81 3-6 .07 2-15 8.9 So 2.96 2-5 10.50 21.14 87-5 .40 6-7 53 3-2 .50 9.0 03 2.2 14.67 87.8 35 '3 28.2 39 .92 3-4 05 2-55 9.1 44 3 47 2-5 10.06 24-73 87-5 37 2.1 39 3-2 .09 9.0 -48 2.2 10.62 87.8 36 14 2.0 24.1 .41 .80 3-4 .07 2.l6 8.9 .48 2.96 2-3 10.52 21 .14 87-7 38 3-O 43 3-3 .22 9-4 65 2. 7 "35 87-3 35 15 0.8 23.8 37 .80 3-4 .91 2.13 9.0 .28 2.93 2-4 9.52 20.87 87.6 4' 1.8 37 3.1 .06 9- 43 2.1 10.37 87.9 35 16 0.9 22.7 38 75 3-5 .04 2. IO 9. s 42 2.85 3-o 9.48 19.85 87.0 37 2.2 39 3-2 .09 8.9 48 2.1 10.72 87.9 36 '7 0-5 22.7 39 .78 3-7 .96 2.O5 9.1 35 2.83 2.8 9.15 19.87 87.2 2.0 .40 3-3 .12 9-3 .52 2.6 10.48 87.4 '36 18 3-O 25.0 45 85 3-5 .20 2-32 9-2 65 3.17 2-7 Ji-35 21.83 87.3 38 3-2 48 3-6 .28 9-7 .76 3-3 11.44 86.7 38 19 3- 1 26.3 48 .96 3-7 .21 2.49 9-2 .69 3-45 2.9 11.41 22.8S 87.1 .40 3-5 47 3-5 .26 9-3 73 2.8 11.77 87.2 37 20 3-7 27.2 .51 .98 3-7 -25 2-51 9.1 .76 3-49 2.8 11.94 23- 7 1 87.2 12. 38 3-2 -15 9.6 53 2.8 10.47 87.2 33 21 4.0 26.0 53 .91 3-8 -25 2.40 8.9 .78 3-3 1 2.7 12.22 22.69 87.3 42 3-6 45 3-3 24 9.1 .69 2.4 II .91 187.6 -36 22 27.7 55 1. 00 3-9 .27 2-51 9.0 .82 3-Si 2-9 12.28 24.19187.1 43 2-5 .46 3-7 .19 9-5 65 3-2 10.85 86.8 39 23 3-5 26.O 50 .96 3-7 .26 2-45 9-3 .76 3-4 1 3-o 11.74 22.59 87.0 .40 3-0 46 3-5 .22 9-4 .68 2.9 11.32 87.1 38 24 26.0 49 95 3-8 .18 2.40 9.1 .67 3-35 2-9 "33 22.65 87.1 42 4.0 .46 3-3 2 7 9.1 73 2-4 12.27 87.6 36 25 2-7 26.7 .87 3-2 .12 2-39 8.8 53 3-26 2.0 11.17 23-44 88.0 37 4.1 54 3-8 30 9.2 .84 3-o 12.26 87.0 42 26 1.6 25-7 .46 I.OO 4.0 .02 2.32 8.8 48 3-32 2.8 IO.I2 22.38 87.2 45 2.O .40 3-3 .08 9.0 48 2-3 10.52 87.7 37 27 2.2 24.2 44 .84 3-6 .11 2.19 9.1 55 3-03 2.7 10.65 21.17 87-3 .40 1-7 39 3-3 -05 9.0 44 2-3 IO.26 87.7 37 28 2-5 24.2 .42 .81 3-4 -14 2.19 9.1 56 3.00 2-5 10.94 21 .20 87-5 37 1.7 37 3-2 .05 9.0 42 2.2 10.28 87.8 35 29 2.O 23.7 .40 77 3-3 .08 2.13 9.0 -48 2.90 2.3 IO.52 20.80 87-7 37 1.6 36 07 9.2 43 2.3 IO.I7 87-7 34 30 1.7 23-3 42 .78 3-6 .04 2. II 8.9 .46 2.89 2.5 IO.24 2O.4I 87.5 .40 2.2 -38 3- 1 .09 8-9 47 2.0 10-73 88.0 35 31 O.O 22.2 34 .72 3-4 .90 1.99 9- 24 2.71 2.4 8.76 19.49 87.6 38 g j a. m 390-7 13-37 35-79 49.16 341-54 w |p.m 372-2 762.9 13-70 27.07 33.78 69.57 47-48 96.64 324.72 666.26 . | a. m 12.6 43 3-4 1.15 9-2 i-59 11. O2 87.6 ^ jp.m 12.0 24.6 44 .87 3-7 1.09 2.24 9.1 i-53 3.12 10.48 21 .SO 87.2 i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. TABLE 18. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. E Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. % Pounds. % Pounds. rf si ji 1897 ft F* ' s 9 *"* a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m 25 Aug. Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p.m r* ii .0 -36 3-3 .98 8.9 i-34 12.2 9.66 87.8 37 i 10. 21. -35 .71 3-5 .86 1.84 8.6 I. 21 2-55 12. 1 8-79 18.45 87.9 10.4 -48 4-6 94 9.0 1.42 3-6 8.98 86.4 Si 2 9.1 19-5 33 .81 3-6 .78 1.72 8.6 I .11 2-53 2.2 7-99 16.97 87.8 42 8.6 33 3-8 77 8-9 I. 10 2.7 7-5 87-3 43 3 7.0 15-6 .28 .61 4.0 -63 1.40 9.0 .91 2.OI 3-0 6.09 13-59 87.0 44 7-2 24 3-4 .64 8.9 .88 2.2 6.32 87.7 .38 4 7.6 14-8 3 54 3-9 .68 1-32 9.0 .98 1.86 2.9 6.62 12.94 87-1 44 8.8 32 3-6 .76 8.6 i. 08 2.2 7.72 87.8 42 5 8.0 16.8 2? 59 3-4 ?i J-47 8.9 .98 2.06 2-3 7.02 M-74 87.7 38 9-5 37 3-9 -85 8.9 1.22 12.8 8.28 87.2 441 6 7-2 16.7 23 .60 3-2 .66 1.51 9.1 .89 2. II 2-3 6.31 M-59 87.7 35k 8.6 34 3-9 .81 9-4 I.I5 3-3 7-45 86.7 42 ; 7 9.6 18.2 33 67 3-4 .87 1.68 9.1 I. 2O a-35 2-5 8.40 15-85 87-5 .38 10.5 38 3-6 I.OO 9-5 1.38 3.1 86.9 38 8 9.8 20.3 33 7' 3-4 9 1.90 9.2 1-23 2.61 2.6 8^57 17.69 87-4 37 9 39 3-6 .04 9-5 i-43 3- 1 9-47 86.9 38 9 -7 22.6 4 1 .80 3-5 .09 2.13 9-3 1.50 2-93 2.8 O.2O 19.67 87.2 38 7 .46 3-6 .19 9-4 1.65 3- I.O5 87.0 39 10 .0 24.7 42 .88 3-5 .09 2.28 9.1 1.51 3-16 2.6 0.49 21.54 87-4 39 "f -4 42 3-4 .18 9-5 i. 60 2-9 0.80 87.1 36 ii .5 24-9 42 .84 3-4 .16 2-34 9-3 1.58 3.18 2-7 0.92 21.72 87-3 .36 7 37 3-2 .08 9-2 1.45 2-4 O.25 8-7.6 34 12 .2 23-9 4 1 .78 3-4 .10 2.18 9.0 1.51 2.96 2.4 0.65 20.94 87.6 37 -5 44 3-8 .08 9-4 1-52 S- 2 9.98 86.8 '3 .0 22.5 36 .80 3-3 -03 2. II 9-4 i-39 2.91 2-7 9 .6! 19-59 87-3 35 .1 .41 3-4 .10 9.1 i .51 2-5 10.59 87.5 37 14 .1 23.2 39 .80 3-5 .01 2. II 9.1 1.40 2.91 2.6 9.70 20.29 87.4 39 4 43 3-8 .06 9-3 1.49 3.1 86.9 41 15 .2 21.6 35 78 3-4 95 2.01 9-3 1.30 2-79 2.7 8.90 18.81 87-3 37 .7 34 3-2 95 8.9 1.29 2.1 9.41 87-9 36 16 -4 22.1 .40 74 3-5 .04 1-99 9.1 i-44 2.73 2.6 9.96 !9-37 87-4 .38 -5 43 3-7 .06 9-2 1.49 2.9 IO.OI 87.1 '7 9-9 21.4 38 .81 3-8 93 1.99 9-4 2.80 3-2 8.59 18.60 86.8 -41 10.2 33 3-2 9.0 1.25 2.2 8-95 187-8 3<* 18 9.1 '9-3 29 .62 3-2 .86 I. 7 8 9-5 1.15 2.40 2-7 7-95 16.90 87-3 34 9-4 29 3.1 .86 9.2 i.iS 2-3 8.25 87.7 34 J 9 O.I .8.5 3 59 3-3 .82 1.68 9.0 1. 12 2.27. 2-3 7.98 16.23 87.7 37 8.1 .26 3-2 74 9.1 I.OO 2-3 7.10 87-7 35 20 II. 2 19-3 45 .71 4.0 1.03 1.77 9-2 I. 4 8 2.48 3-2 9.72 16.82 86.8 -44 8.6 36 4-2 77 9.0 i.3 3-2 7-47 86.8 47 21 9-2 ,7.8 35 7 1 3-8 .84 1.61 9.1 1.19 2.32 2-9 8.01 15.48 87.1 42 ii. 6 .46 4.0 i. 06 9.1 1.52 3- 1 10.08 86.9 43 22 9.1 20.7 39 85 4-3 .82 1.88 9.0 1. 21 2-73 3-3 7-89 17.97 86.7 .48 7-9 27 3-4 73 9-3 I.OO 2.7 6.90 87-3 37 23 9-8 17.7 35 .62 3-6 .88 1.61 9.0 1.23 2.23 12.6 8-57 15-47 87-4 .40 9.8 35 3-6 .90 9.2 1-25 12.8 8.55 87.2 39 24 9.0 18.8 34 .69 3-8 .80 1.70 8.9 I.I4 2-39 12.7 7.86 16.41 87-3 43 7-8 .27 3-5 72 9-2 99 6.81 87-3 3 25 9.0 16.8 39 .66 4-3 .82 '54 9.1 I .21 2. 2O 13.4 7-79 14.60 86.6 .48 7-4 .29 3-9 .67 9.1 .96 13.0 6.44 87.0 43 26 8.0 15-4 30 59 3-8 72 1.39 9.0 1.02 1.98 12.8 6.98 13-42 87.2 .42 7-2 .26 3-6 65 9.1 .91 12.7 6.29 87.3 .40 27 9.1 .6.3 35 .61 3-9 83 1.48 9.1 1.18 2.09 13.0 7.92 14.21 87.0 42 7-5 3 1 4-2 .70 9-3 I.OI 13.5 6.49 86.5 44 28 10.7 18.2 55 .86 5.1 I.OI 1.71 9-4 1.56 2.57 14.5 9.14 15-63 85-5 54 6-5 32 4-9 .62 9.6 94 14-5 5.56 85.5 52 29 9.0 15.5 39 7 1 4-3 .82 1.44 9.1 I. 21 2-15 13.4 7-79 13-35 86.6 48- 7-7 35 4-6 74 0.6 1.09 14.2 6.61 85.8 47 3 8.1 15.8 .29 .64 3-6 .72 1.46 i.o I.OI 2.IO 12.5 7.09 13-7 87-5 .40 8.1 33 4. ' 78 9 .6 I. II 13.7 6-99 86.3 42 3i 9-4 '7-5 36 .69 3-8 .86 1.64 9-2 1.22 2-33 13.0 8.18 15-17 87.0 42 g i a. m 297-3 10.96 27-35 38.3' 258.99 "* 1 p. m 300.1 597-4 ii. 06 22.02 27-32 54-67 38.38 76.69 261.72 520.71 ( a. m > j 9 '6 35 3-7 .88 9-2 1.23 8-35 87.1 9-7 19.3 36 7i 3-7 .88 1.76 9.1 1.24 2.47 8.44 16.79 87.2 BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, TABLE 19. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. 01 - S- - Pounds. Pounds. a. Pounds. -r Pounds. % Pounds. ,-. '* 1897 7 7 ft 3 * a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m So Sept Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily 5" p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m 9.2 .40 4-4 og .OC 9.6 .28 14.0 7-92 86.0 45 8-4 17-6 34 74 4-o .76 1.64 9.1 .10 2.38 13- 1 7-30 15.22 86.9 45 8.3 35 4-2 .80 9-7 '5 13.9 86.1 44 2 8.2 16.5 3 65 3-7 75 i-55 9.1 2. 2O 12.8 7.15 14-30 87.2 .40 8.0 -34 4-2 77 9.6 .11 13.8 6.89 86.2 44 3 7-8 ,5.8 29 63 3-7 73 1.50 9-3 .02 2.13 13.0 6.78 13-67 87.0 .40 4-3 .91 9.6 32 13-9 8.18 86.1 45 4 8.0 '7-5 34 75 4-3 74 1.65 9.2 .08 2.40 6.92 15.10 86.5 .46 7-7 .32 73 9-5 5 is'6 6.65 86.4 44 5 7-6 iS-3 27 59 l'-6 1.42 .96 2.OI 12.7 6.64 13.29 87-3 39 7.0 30 4-3 .6J 9-7 .98 14.0 6. 02 86.0 44 6 7-5 14-5 .61 4.1 7 1 J-39 9-4 i. 02 2.00 !3-5 6.48 12.50 86.5 44 6.2 25 4.0 59 9-5 .84 5-36 86.5 42 7 6.6 12.8 .26 Si 3-9 .61 i. 20 9-3 87 I.7I 13-2 5-73 11.09 86.8 43 6.4 .28 4-4 .61 9.6 14.0 5-51 86.0 .46 8 7.0 i3-4 34 .62 4-8 -64 1-25 9-2 .98 1.87 14.0 6. 02 11.53 86.0 53 5.1 .22 4-4 .48 9-5 .70 13-9 4.40 86.1 46 9 5-4 10.5 .22 44 4.1 52 i.oo 9.6 -74 1.44 4.66 9.06 86.3 .42 5-3 27 5-o .50 9-4 77 14.4 4-53 85.6 54 10 4-5 9.8 ,2O 47 4-4 42 .92 9-4 .62 1.39 13.8 3-88 8.41 86.2 .48 4-6 .19 4-2 43 9-3 .62 '3-5 3-98 86.5 44 ii 4.6 9.2 .19 38 4-2 43 .86 9.4 .62 1.24 13-6 3-98 7.96 86.4 44 4-8 .18 3-8 44 9-2 .62 13.0 4.18 87.0 41 12 S-o 9.8 .18 .36 3-6 .46 .90 9.2 .64 1.26 12.8 4-36 8.54 87.2 39 6.0 23 3-8 55 9.1 78 12.9 5-22 8 7 . r 42 13 5.1 ii .1 .21 44 4-2 47 I 02 9-3 .68 I. 4 6 '3-5 4-42 9.64 86.5 45 5-o .20 4.0 .46 9-3 .66 4-34 86.7 43 14 IO.O 17 37 3-4 .46 .92 9-3 63 1.29 12.7 4-37 8.71 87-3 37 5.1 .20 3-9 .48 9-4 .68. 13-3 4-42 86.7 42 15 5-3 10.4 "9 39 3-6 49 97 9-3 .68 I. 3 6 12.9 4.62 9-4 87.1 39 5-3 .21 3-9 50 9-5 7 1 '3-4 4-59 86.6 42 16 10.4 .20 .41 4.o .48 .98 9-4 .68 i-39 '3-4 4-42 9.01 86.6 42 5-4 .21 3-8 52 9.6 73 13-4 4.67 86.6 40 17 5-4 10.8 .18 39 3-4 50 i. 02 9.2 .68 1.41 12.6 4.72 9-39 87.4 .36 5-7 17 3-o 54 9-5 7 1 12.5 4-99 87-5 .31 18 6-5 T2.2 .26 43 4.0 .62 1.16 9-5 .88 1.59 5.62 10.61 86.5 42 7-o 2 9 4.1 .65 9-3 94 '3-4 6.06 86.6 45 19 6-4 13-4 .22 .51 3-4 59 1.24 9-2 .81 I -75 12.6 5-59 11.65 87-4 37 6.6 24 3-7 .63 9-6 .87 13.3 5-73 86.7 .38 20 5-5 12. I .18 42 3-3 Si 1.14 9-2 .69 1.5612.5 4.81 10.54 87-5 35 6.8 23 3-4 .64 9-4 .87 12.8 5-93 87.2 36 21 6-4 13.2 -23 46 3-6 .60 1.24 9-4 83 1.70 13.0 5-57 11.50 87.0 38 6.8 .26 3-8 65 9.6 .91 13.4 5-89 86.6 .40 22 6.8 13-6 25 .51 3-7 .63 1.28 9-3 .88 1.79 13.0 5.92 ii. 81)87.0 .40 6.1 .21 3-4 57 9-4 .78 12.8 5.32 87.2 37 23 ' 6.0 12. 1 .20 .41 3-4 -58 i-iS 9-7 .78 1.56 I3-I 5-22 10.54 86.9 34 6-5 25 3-8 .64 9.8 .89 13.6 5.61 86. 4 39 24 6.0 12.5 .22 47 3-7 58 1.22 9.6 .80 1.69 13-3 5-20 10.81 86.7 38 7-2 27 3-8 .69 9.6 .96 13.4 6.24 86.6 39 25 5-9 I3.I .22 49 3-7 59 1.28 IO.O .81 1.77 13.7 5.09 "33 86.3 37 6-4 .20 3-2 .61 9-5 .81 12.7 5-59 87-3 33 26 7.0 13-4 25 45 3-6 .68 1.29 9-7 93 1.74 '3-3 6.07 11.66 86.7 37 6.7 .25 3-7 64 9-5 .89 13-2 5-81 86.8 39 27 7-8 14-5 30 55 3-8 .76 1.40 9-7 i. 06 1.95 13-5 6-74 12.55 86.5 39 7-3 .28 3-8 .69 9-5 97 '3-3 6-33 86.7 41 28 7-2 14-5 27 55 3-8 .68 i-37 9-4 95 1.92 13-2 6.25 12.58 86.8 .40 8.1 30 3-7 77 9-5 1.07 13.2 7.03 86.8 39 2 9 7-2 15-3 .26 .56 3-6 .67 1.44 9-3 93 2.OO 12.9 6.27 13.30 87-1 39 8-5 33 3-9 .82 9-7 13-6 7-35 86.4 .40 30 7-7 1 6. 2 3 .63 3-9 .72 i-54 9-3 i. 02 2.17 J3-2 6.68 14.03 86.8 42 g i a. m 198.6 7.84 18.87 26.71 171.89 M ( p. m 192.9 39'-5 7-35 15.19 18.07 36.94 25.42 52-13 167.48 339-37 I a. m >'< 6.6 .26 3-9 63 9-5 .89 5-73 87.0 ( p.m 6-4 13.0 24 .50 3-9 .60 1.23 9-3 85 i-74 5-58 11.31 86.7 i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 93 TABLE 20. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. 50 j ~ .- Pounds. Pounds. i Pounds. ,, Pounds. rf Pounds. a 2, 1897 /o /o /o " r a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m Oct. Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m r 8-5 32 3-8 .82 9-7 .14 '3.5 7.36 86.5 39 i 8.8 17-3 33 65 3-8 .81 1.63 9-2 .14 2.28 13.0 7.66 15.02 87.0 41 9-5 34 3-6 .91 9.6 25 13.2 8.25 86.8 37 2 8.0 17-5- 32 .66 4.0 74 1.65 9-2 .06 2.31 13.2 6.94 15-19 86.8 43 9-7 37 3-8 9 2 9-5 29 13-3 8.41 86.7 .40 3 7-4 17.1 .26 63 3 5 .70 1.62 9-4 .96 2.25 12.9 6-44 14-85 8 7 .j 37 10. 39,, 3-9 94 9-4 33 '3-3 8.67 86.7 4 8.0 18.0 3 .69 3-7 1.68 9-2 .04 2-37 12.9 6.96 15-63 87.1 .41 8.9 3 1 3-5 84 9-4 '5 12.9 7-75 87.1 37 5 8.1 17.0 32 63 3-9 75 1.59 9-3 .07 2.22 13-2 7-03 14.78 86.8 43 8.7 3' 3-6 83 9-5 .14 13.1 7.56 86.9 37 6 8.0 !6. 7 3 .61 3 '1 76 i-59 9-5 .06 2. 2O 13.2 6-94 14.5086.8 39 9-7 35 3-6 .90 9-3 25 12.9 8-45 P7- 1 39 7 7.0 16.7 25 .60 3-6 65 i-55 9-3 .90 2.15 12.9 6.10 H-55 87.1 38 9-2 33 3-6 .86 9.4 1.19 13.0 8.01 87.0 38 8 7-4 16.6 .26 59 3-5 .70 1.56 9-4 .96 2.15 12.9 6.44 14-45 87.1 37 7-9 24 3- 1 75 9-5 99 12.6 6.91 87.4 32 9 7-4 iS-3 24 .48 3-3 .69 1.44 9-3 93 1.92 12.6 6-47 13-38 87-4 35 8-5 .29 3-4 .80 9-4 1.09 12.8 7.41 87.2 36 10 6.5 15.0 23 52 3-6 .60 1.40 9-3 .83 1.92 12.9 5-67 13.08 87.1 38 8.2 34 4-2 .78 9-5 I. 12 r 3-7 7.08 86.3 44 ii 6.6 14.8 24 58 3-7 63 1.41 9-5 87 1-99 13-2 5-73 12. 8l 86.8 38 7-5 27 3.6 73 9-7 1. 00 '3-3 6.50 86.7 37 12 6.0 i3-5 23 So 3-8 57 1.30 9-5 .80 I. 80 13-3 5-20 ii. 7 o'86. 7 .40 7.0 27 3-9 .67 9-5 94 13-4 6.06 |86.6 .40 13 5-7 12.7 .22 49 3-9 S6 1.23 9.8 .78 1.72 !3-7 4-92 10.98 86.3 39 7-4 .27 3-7 .70 9-5 97 13.2 6-43 86.8 39 14 6.0 '3-4 23 So 3-9 59 1.29 9.8 ,Sa 1.79 13.7 5. 18 ii. 61 86.3 39 7.1 .26 3-6 .67 9.4 93 13.0 6.17 87.0 IS 5-7 12.8 .20 .46 3-5 53 1.20 9-3 73 1.66 12.8 4-97 11.14 87.2 38 7-4 .26 3-5 .70 9.4 .96 12.9 6-44 87.! 37 16 5-6 13.0 .22 .48 3-9 54 1.24 9.6 76 1.72 '3-5 4-84 11.2886.5 7.2 .28 3-9 .68 9-5 .96 13-4 6.24 86.6 .41 17 5-5 12.7 .21 49 3-8 53 I. 21 9-7 74 1.70 13-5 4.76 II. OO 86.5 .40 7.0 .26 3-7 .69 9.8 95 13-5 6.05 86.5 38 18 5-3 12.3 .21 47 3-9 5' 1.20 9-7 72 1.67 13-6 4.58 10.63 86.4 .41 7.0 27 3-8 .69 9-9 .96 13-7 6.04 86.3 39 19 5-3 12.3 .21 .48 4.0 52 I. 21 9 . 73 1.69 13-8 4-57 10.61 86.2 .40 7.0 24 3-4 69 9-9 93 13-3 6.07 86.7 35 20 5-o 12.0 .20 44 4.0 49 1.18 9.8 .69 1.62 13-8 4-3 1 10.38 86.2 .41 S-o .16 3.1 49 9.8 65 12.9 4-35 87.1 33 21 5-2 IO.2 .20 36 3-9 .50 99 9-7 .70 i-35 13-6 4-50 8.85 86.4 .40 6.0 24 4.0 58 9-7 .82 *3-7 5.18 86.3 .41 22 5-3 "3 .22 .46 4.1 54 1. 12 O.I .76 1.58 14.2 4-54 9-72 85.8 .41 6.0 .22 3-7 .61 O.I 83 13-8 86.2 36 23 5-4 11.4 .19 .41 3-6 53 I.I4 9.8 72 1-55 13-4 4 !68 9-85 86.6 36 6.0 .20 3-4 .60 o.o .80 13-4 5.20 86.6 33 24 5-3 "3 .22 42 4.1 54 I.I4 O.2 .76 1.56 '4-3 4-54 9-74 85-7 6.1 .24 4.0 .62 O.2 .86 14.2 5-24 85.8 39 25 5-2 "3 .20 44 3-9 54 1.16 o-3 74 i. 60 14.2 4-46 9.70 85.8 37 6.0 .20 3-4 .61 0.2 .81 13.6 5-'9 86.4 33 26 5-o II. O .18 38 3-6 5' 1. 12 O.2 .69 1.50 13-8 4-31 9-So 86.2 35 5-5 .19 3-5 57 0-3 .76 13-8 4-74 86.2 33 2 7 4.8 10.3 .20 39 4-2 49 1. 06 .69 1.45 14-5 4.11 8.85 85-5 .41 5-o .I 9 3-7 52 0.4 14.1 4.29 85-9 37 28 5.1 5-J .l6 3.2 52 IO.2 .68 13-4 4.42 86.6 3' 2 9 5.1 16 .68 6-5 2? 4-2 .69 10.6 .96 14.8 5-54 85-2 39 30 '"6.5 27 '".69 "".'96 5-54 4.0 .14 '3'6 43 10.8 57 14.4 3-43 85.6 33 31 4.0 .14 43 57 3-43 g ja.m 204.0 7.42 19.65 27.07 I76-93 w |p.m 169.5 373-5 6-39 13.81 16.26 35-9 1 22.65 49.72 146.85 323-78 | a. m 7-5 27 3-6 73 9.6 I.OO 6-55 86.5 "" 1 P- m 6-3 13.8 24 51 3-8 .60 i-33 9-5 .84 1.84 5-44 11.99 86.6 94 BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, TABLE2I. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. Ratio fat to solids not fat. 1897 Nov. Pounds. Pounds. a. m p. m Pounds. a. m p.m Pounds. a. m p.m Pounds * a. m p.m a. m. p. m. Daily a. m. p. m. Daily a. m. p. m. Daily .62 a. m. p. m. Daily a. m. p. m. Daily i 5-5 5-5 24 .24 4-3 .62 II. 2 .86 .86 iS-5 4-64 4.64 84.5 39 . 2 2.O 2.O .10 .10 4-9 .2; 23 11.4 33 33 16.3 1.67 1.67 83-7 43 3 4 5 4-8 4.8 .28 .28 5-9 6 7 8 2-5 2-5 .16 .16 6.4 9 10 ii 12 13 - 14 IS 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 6.8 8.=; 8.2 12.0 9-5 12.8 II. 2 '3-5 12.8 15-3 ll'.l 12.8 15.0 15.0 !6. 7 13.0 16.5 13-5 16.2 13-5 16.8 12.2 IS.2 14.8 17.0 '3-5 16.2 13-5 iS-7 13-3 6.8 16.7 21.5 24.0 26.3 28.8 29-3 30.0 29.7 30.0 29.7 29.0 30.0 30.5 29.7 29.0 .28 34 3 47 38 .46 .41 49 .46 52 49 58 .46 .48 63 63 Si 59 5i 57 .62 57 49 53 53 54 49 53 47 55 .70 .28 .64 .85 87 95 1. 01 1.04 i. ii 1.14 1. 10 1.19 1. 06 1. 06 1.03 I. 00 1-25 4.1 4.0 3-6 3-9 4.0 3-6 3-7 3-6 3-6 3-4 3-6 3-5 3-6 3-2 4-2 3-8 3-9 3-6 3-8 3-5 4.6 3-4 4-o 3-5 3-6 3-2 3-6 3-3 3-5 3-5 5-3 94 .82 1.24 93 .29 .10 39 .22 50 .28 .60 23 50 .48 .69 .26 6 3 31 59 '65 13 52 38 .61 30 .56 .24 Si 32 1.76 2.17 2-39 2.61 2.78 2.83 2.98 2-95 2-94 2.90 2.78 2.90 2.91 2.80 2-83 10.4 II. O IO.O 10.3 9.8 IO.I 9.8 10.3 9-S 9.8 9-5 9-7 9.6 IO.O 9-9 IO.I 9-7 9-9 9-7 9.8 9-7 9.8 9-3 IO.O 9-3 9-5 9.6 9.6 9-2 9.6 9-9 99 .28 .12 7 1 75 '.88 .68 .02 77 .18 .11 32 77 .22 .82 .16 93 .22 .62 05 . 9 I 79 .09 7 1 .06 .02 99 2.40 3-02 3.26 3.56 3-79 3-87 4.09 4.09 4.04 4.09 3.84 3-96 3-94 3-80 4.08 14.5 15.0 13-6 14.2 13-8 13-7 13-9 13.2 13.1 13.2 13.2 13.2 14.1 13.9 13.6 13-5 13-3 14-3 13.2 '3-3 '3-5 12.9 12.7 13.2 12.9 12.7 13-1 15-2 5-81 7.22 7.08 10.29 8.19 11.05 9.69 1.62 1. 12 3.28 i-73 4-32 i. ii 3-02 2.89 4.38 1.23 4.28 1.68 4.04 i-57 4-58 0.58 3-iS 2.89 4-85 1.71 4.11 1.79 3-64 1.28 5.81 14.30 18.48 20.74 22.74 25.01 25-43 25 -9 1 25.61 25.96 25.61 25.16 26.04 26.56 25.90 24.92 85.5 85.0 86.4 85-8 86.2 86.3 86.5 86.1 86.9 86.8 86.9 86.8 86.8 86.8 85-9 86.1 86.4 86.5 86.5 86.7 85.7 86.8 86.7 86.5 87.1 87-3 86.8 87.1 87-3 86.9 84.8 39 36 37 -38- .41 -36 37 35 >P 36 37 32 43 37 .40 36 39 .36 47 35 43 35 38 '36 53 g | a. m | a. m 223-9 190.3 14.9 12.7 414.2 27.6 7-85 7-45 52 50 15-30 1. 02 3-3 3-9 22.22 I8.3I . 1.48 1.22 40.53 2.70 9-5 9.6 30.07 25-76 2.OO 1.72 55.83 3-72 193-83 164-54 12.92 10.97 358.37 23-89 87.2 86.4 i8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 95 TABLE 22. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. in - O_~. Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. Pounds. ,, Pounds. rf EL^, 1897 TO to 70 /v a ** a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m Zo Dec. Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p 15-0 . 5 , 3-4 45 9-7 .96 3-i 13-04 * 86.9 35 i 29.1 5i i. 02 3-6 39 2.84 9-9 .90 3-86 3-5 12. 2O 25-24 86.5 37 16^2 -58 3-6 .56 9.6 14 3-2 14.06 86.8 37 2 13-6 29.8 53 i. ii 3-9 25 2.81 9-2 .78 3-92 3.1 11.82 25.88 86.9 .42 16.9 .61 3-6 59 9-4 .20 3- 14.70 87.0 38 3 13.3 30.2 53 1.14 4.0 .22 2.81 9-2 75 3-95 3-2 "55 26.25 86.8 43 16.0 54 3-4 54 9.6 .08 3-o 13.92 87.0 35 4 14-5 30-5 55 1.09 3-8 32 2.86 9.1 .87 3-95 2.9 12.63 26.55 87.1 .42 16.1" 55 3-4 53 9-5 .08 2-9 14.02 87.1 36 5 12.8 28.9 .46 I.OI 3-6 15 2.68 9.0 .61 3-69 2.6 11.19 25.21 87-4 .40 16.8 59 3-5 .60 9-5 .19 3.0 14.61 87.0 37 6 13-8 30.6 52 i. ii 3-8 23 2.83 8.9 75 3-94 2-7 12.05 26.66 87-3 42 65 3-5 74 9-4 39 2-9 16.11 87.1 37 7 I3- 1 31-6 5i 1.16 3-9 .22 2.96 0-3 73 4.12 3-2 "37 27.48 86.8 42 17.4 52 3-o 5' 8.7 3 1 .7 iS-37 88.3 34 8 15-4 32.8 55 1.07 3-6 .36 2.87 8.8 .91 3-94 2.4 13-49 28.86 87.6 .40 17-3 .62 3-6 9-3 23 2-9 15.07 87.1 39 9 14.1 31.4 56 1.18 4-o 33 2-94 9-4 .89 4.12 3-4 12.21 27.28 86.6 42 17.6 49 2.8 .69 9.6 .18 2-4 15.42 87.6 .29 10 14.9 32.5 .48 97 3-2 37 3-06 9-2 85 4-03 2-4 I3-05 28.47 87.6 35 18.4 49 3.1 73 9-4 30 2-5 16.10 87-5 33 ii 15.2 33-6 53 I. IO 3-5 37 3.10 9.0 9 4.20 2-5 13-30 29.40 87-5 39 19.1 59 3.1 .76 9-2 35 2-3 16.75 87.7 34 12 15.0 34-i 59 1.18 3-9 38 3.14 9-2 97 4-32 13-03 29.78 86.9 43 19.7 63 3-2 .85 9-4 .48 2^6 17.22 87.4 34 13 14.6 34-3 57 1.20 3-9 34 3.19 9-2 .91 4-39 3- 1 12.69 29.91 86.9 43 19-3 .66 3-4 85 9.6 3- 16.79 87.0 36 M 14.6 33-9 50 1.16 3-4 33 3.18 9.1 83 4-34 2-5 12.77 29.56 87-5 38 19-3 .66 3-4 .81 9.4 47 2.8 16.83 87.2 36 15 14.4 33-7 52 1.18 3-6 34 3-15 9-3 .86 4-33 2-9 12.54 29-37 87.1 39 19.0 .65 3-4 .81 9-5 .46 2.9 16.54 87.1 36 16 14.2 33-2 45 I. 10 3-2 .31 3.12 -9.2 76 4.22 2-4 12.44 28.98 87.6 34 20.4 .61 .92 9-4 53 2-4 17.87 87.6 32 17 15.0 35-4 .51 1. 12 3-4 32 3-24 8.8 83 4-36 2.2 I3- 1 ? 31.04 87.8 39 19.8 57 2-9 .84 9-3 .41 2.2 17-39 87.8 18 iS-5 35-3 53 I. IO 3-4 36 3-20 8.8 .89 4-30 2.2 13.61 31.00 87.8 39 19.8 57 2.9 .80 9.1 37 2.0 17-43 88.0 32 '9 14.7 34-5 53 I.IO 3-6 3 1 3-n 8.9 .84 4-21 2-5 12.86 30.29 87.5 .40 19.8 59 3-o .80 9.1 39 2.1 17.41 87-9 33 20 15.0 34-8 53 1. 12 3-5 35 3-J5 9.0 .88 4.27 2-5 13. 12 30.53 87-5 39 19.4 .60 .80 9-3 .40 2-4 I7.OO 87.6 33 21 iS-5 34-9 53 I-I3 3-4 .41 3-21 9.1 94 4-34 2-5 I3-56 30.56 87.5 38 19.9 64 3-2 .87 9-4 2.6 17-39 87.4 34 22 15-6 35-5 55 I.I9 3-5 .40 3-27 9.0 95 4.46 2-5 I3-05 31.04 87-5 39 19.9 .62 85 9-3 47 2-4 '7-43 87.6 34 23 14.5 34-4 49 I. II 3-4 32 3-17 9.1 .81 4.28 2-5 12.69 30.12 87-5 37 J9-5 .60 3- 1 83 9-4 43 2-5 17.07 87-5 33 24 iS-3 34-8 54 I.I4 3-5 38 3-21 9.0 92 4-35 2-5 13-38 30.45 87-5 39 19.0 .61 3-2 75 -36 2-4 16.64 87.6 35 25 16.0 35-o 54 I.I5 3-4 42 3.17 8.9 .96 4-32 2-3 14.04 30.6887.7 38 19.6 59 3-0 .80 9-2 39 2.2 17.21 |8 7 .8 33 26 14.9 34-5 48 1.07 3-2 36 3.16 9.1 .84 4-23 2-3 13.06 30.27 87.7 35 20.5 .66 3-2 .91 9-3 57 2-5 17-93 87.5 35 27 15-6 36.1 51 I.I7 3-3 .40 3-3 1 9.0 .91 4.48 2-3 13.69 31.62 87.7 36 19.2 .58 75 9.1 33 2. I 16.87 87.9 33 28 15.6 34-8 1.09 3-3 .40 3- J 5 9.0 .91 4.24 2-3 13.69 30-56 87-7 -36 20.6 !66 3-2 .92 9-3 58 2-5 18.02 87-5 34 29 14-3 34-9 47 I-I3 3-3 34 3.26 9-4 .81 4-39 2-7 12.49 30.51 87-3 35 18.5 59 3-2 .81 9.8 .40 3.0 16.10 87.0 33 30 14.8 33-3 .46 1.05 .32 3-13 8.9 .78 4.18 2.O 13.02 29.12 88.0 35 19-3 58 3-o 85 9-5 .41 2-5 16.89 87.5 32 31 14.6 33-9 38 .96 2.6 30 3-i3 8.9 .68 4.09 12.92 29.81 88.5 2 9 g ja.m 577-8 18.49 54-" 72.60 505.20 1/3 ( p. m 454-5 1032.3 15-92 34-41 41.30 95.41 57-22 129.82 397-28 902.48 . j a. m 18.6 .60 3-2 i-74 9-4 2-34 16.30 87.4 I p. m 14.7 33-3 Si I. II 3-5 1-33 3-07 9.2 1-85 4.19 12. 8l 20 II 87.4 9 6 BULLETIN NO. 51. {.May, TABLE 23. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. S ii. 1898 Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. % Pounds. % Pounds. % %Z a. m. a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m a. m. a. m o 5 Jan. Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily p. m. p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m p. m. p. m ." 19.5 53 2-7 -83 9-4 2.36 2.1 17.14 87.9 29 i 14.8 34-3 49 1.02 3-3 . -35 3-18 9.1 1.84 4.20 2.4 12.96 30.10 87.6 36 21.2 .70 3-3 99 9-4 2.69 2.7 18.51 87-3 35 2 15.2 36.4 55 1.25 3-6 .41 3-40 9-3 1.96 4-65 2-9 13-24 31-75 87.1 39 19.6 6? 3-4 .88 9.6 2-55 17.05 87.0 -36 3 14.7 34-3 44 i. ii 3.0 32 3.20 9.0 1.76 4.31 2.0 12.94 29-99 88.0 33 20.9 56 2-7 .96 9-4 2-51 2.1 18.39 87.9 .29 4 15.9 36.8 52 i. 08 3-3 .46 3-42 9.2 1.98 4-49 2-5 13.92 32- 3 1 87-5 36 21. 1 65 3.1 .00 9-5 2.65 2.6 i8.45 87-4 33 5 15-8 36-9 .51 1.16 S- 2 44 3-44 9.1 1.95 4.60 2-3 13-85 32.30 87-7 35 20.5 .64 3.1 95 9-5 2.59 2.6 17.91 87-4 33 6 16.2 36-7 53 1.17 3-3 49 3-44 9-2 2. O2 4.61 2.5 14.18 32.09 87-5 36 20.7 .64 3- 1 93 9-3 2.57 2-4 18.13 87.6 33 7 15-6 36.3 5i 1-15 3-3 .40 3-33 9.0 I.9I 4.48 2-3 13.69 31.82 87-7 36 20.1 .64 3-2 .91 9-5 2-55 2-7 17-55 87-3 34 8 16.1 36.2 52 1.16 3-2 47 3-38 9.1 1.99 4-54 2-3 14.11 31.66 87.7 35 21.2 6 4 3-o 99 9-4 2.6 3 2-4 18.57 87.6 32 9 15-3 36.5 47 i. ii 3- 1 44 3-43 9-4 I. 9 I 4-54 2.5 13-49 32.06 87-5 33 ig.I 57 3-o 85 9-7 2.42 2-7 16.68 87-3 3 1 10 15-5 34-6 .48 1.05 39 3-24 9.0 1.8 7 4-29 2.1 13-63 30.31 87.9 35 20.9 .56 2-7 .92 9-2 2.48 (.9 18.42 88.1 2 9 ii IS-' 36.0 47 1.03 36 3.28 9.0 1.8 3 4-3' 2.1 13-27 31.69 87.9 35 20.9 63 3-o .96 9-4 2-59 2.4 18.31 87.6 32 12 15-5 36.4 5 1-13 3-2 39 3-35 9.0 1.89 4.48 2.2 13.61 31.92 87.8 36 21-5 .60 2.8 .98 9.2 2.58 2.O 18.92 88.0 3 13 16.3 37-8 .51 i. ii 3- 1 47 3-45 9.0 1.98 4.56 2.1 14-32 33-24 87.9 35 21.4 .64 3- .01 9-4 2.65 2-4 18.75 87.6 32 14 16.0 37-4 Si 1.15 3-2 .46 3-47 9.1 1.97 4.62 2-3 14-03 32-78 87.7 35 21.2 .64 3-o 99 9-4 2.63 2-4 18.57 87.6 32 15 IS- 2 36.4 .50 1.14 3-3 .40 3-39 9-2 1.90 4-53 2-5 13-30 31-87 87-5 36 21.2 .64 .01 9-5 2.65 2-5 18.55 87-5 32 16 16.0 37-2 Si 1.15 S- 2 .46 ?-47 9.1 1.97 4.62 2-3 14.03 32-58 87-7 35 22.0 64 2-9 .09 9-5 2-73 2.4 19.27 87.6 17 16.0 38.0 .50 1.14 3- 1 42 3-51 8.9 1.92 3-65 2.0 14.08 33-35 88.0 35 22. .62 2.8 .98 9.0 2.60 1.8 19.40 88.2 .31 18 16.8 38.8 So 1. 12 3-o 3-49 9.0 2.OI 4.61 2.O 14.79 34-I9 88.0 33 20. .62 3- 1 .88 9-4 2.50 2-5 17-50 87-5 33 19 l6. 3 36.3 54 1.16 3-3 47 3-35 9.0 2.OI 4-5i 2-3 14.29 31-79 87.7 37 21. 65 3- 1 99 9-5 2.64 2.6 18.36 87.4 33 20 16.1 37- J 52 1.17 3-2 .48 3-47 9-2 2.OO 4.64 2-4 14.10 32.46 87.6 35 20.9 .69 3-3 .01 9.6 2.70 2-9 18.20 87.1 34 21 iS-5 36-4 .48 1.17 39 3-40 9.0 1.87 4-57 2.1 13-63 31-83 87.9 35 21-5 .62 2.9 .02 9-4 2.64 2-3 18.86 87-7 3 1 22 15.6 37- T Sam pie bo ttle b oke n. D ay left o ut of ale ulatio n. 22.2 7 1 3-2 13 9.6 2.84 2.8 19.36 87.2 33 23 16.4 38.6 49 i. 20 3-o .48 3.61 9.0 1.97 4.81 2.O 14-43 33-79 88.0 33 121.6 .67 3- 1 .01 9-3 2.68 2-4 18.92 87.6 33 24 16. 1 37-7 52 1.19 3-2 45 3-46 9.0 1.97 4-65 2.2 14-13 33-05 87.8 36 22.5 .68 3-o .07 9-2 2-75 2.2 I9-75 87.8 33 25 15-7 38.2 S 2 i. 20 3-3 44 3-Si 9-2 1.96 4.71 2-5 13-74 33-49 87-5 36 20.5 .64 97 9.6 2.6l 2-7 17.89 87-3 32 26 15-7 36.2 47 i. ii 3-o 43 3-4 9.1 1.90 4-Si 2.1 13.80 31.69 87.9 33 21.8 65 .09 9.6 2.74 2.6 19.06 87.4 .31 2 7 17.0 38.8 53 1.18 3- 1 3.60 8.9 2.04 4-78 2.O 14.96 34.02 88.0 35 21.6 63 2-9 .07 9.6 2.70 2-5 18.90 87-5 3 28 15-1 36.7 .48 i. ii 3-2 39 3.46 9-2 1.87 4-57 2-4 13-23 32-13 87.6 35 21.8 65 3-o .09 9.6 2.74 2.6 19.06 87-4 3 1 29 17.2 39- 52 1.17 55 3-64 9.0 2.07 4.81 2.O 15.13 34-19 88.0 34 21. 1 63 3- .00 9-5 2.63 2-5 18.47 87-5 3 2 30 16.6 37-7 1.14 3.1 .51 3-Si 9.1 2. 02 4.65 2.2 14.58 33-05 87.8 33 21-5 i5 3- .04 9-5 2.69 2-5 18.81 87-5 32 3 1 16.4 37-9 Si 1. 16 3- 1 -53 3-57 9-3 2.O4 4-73 2-4 14-36 33 - 1 ? 87.6 33 gja.m |p.m 631-5 476.1 1107.6 19.08 15.11 34-19 sg-s 1 ? 43-27 102.85 78.65 58.38 J37-03 552-85 417.82 970.67 ( a. m 21.0 .64 1.99 2.62 18.43 1 P-m IS-9 36.9 5 1.14 1.44 3-43 1.94 4-56 13.92 32.35 r8 9 8.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 97 TABLE 24. VARIATIONS IN MILK. LADY PIETERTJE VEEMAN, No. 1341 W. H. F. H. B. Date. Milk. Fat. Solids not fat. Total solids. Water. .r. 1898 Pounds. Pounds. % Pounds. * Pounds. % Pounds. * '-' .Feb. a. m. Daily a. m. Daily a., m a. m. Daily a. m a. m. Daily a. m a. m. Daily a. m p. m. p. m. p.m p. m. p. m p. m. f. m p. m. p.m 21.3 .64 3-o 2.04 9.6 2.68 12.6 18.62 87.4 3 1 i 15-2 36.5 49 1-13 3-2 i-43 3-47 9-4 1.92 4.60 2.6 13.28 31.90 87.4 34 21.8 .68 3.1 2.09 9.6 2-77 2.7 19.03 87.3 33 2 iS-4 37-2 49 K.I; 3-2 .40 3-49 9.1 1.89 4.66 2.3 I3-5 1 32-54 87-7 35 21.4 .66 3.1 3 9-5 2.69 2.6 18.71 87.4 33 3 14.6 36.0 .48 1.14 3-3 42 3-45 9-7 1.90 4-59 3.0 12.70 31.41 87.0 34 20.4 65 3-2 .02 9.9 2.67 3" 17-73 86.9 32 4 13.1 33-5 37 1.02 2.8 15 3.17 8.8 1-52 4.19 1.6 11.58 29.31 88.4 32 20.1 58 2.9 .87 9-3 2.45 2.2 17-65 87.8 5 15.2 35-3 So 1. 08 3-3 34 3.21 8.8 1.84 4.29 12. I 13-36 31.01 87-9 37 20.7 .64 3- 1 .91 9.2 2-55 12.3 18.15 87.7 34 6 14-3 35-o 47 I. II 3-3 27 3.18 8.9 1.74 4-29 12.2 12.56 30 -7 1 87.8 37 19.4 .64 3-3 .82 9-4 2.46 12-7 16.94 87-3 35 7 15-5 34-9 .48 I. 12 35 3- 1 ? 8.7 1.83 4.29 II. 8 13.67 30.61 88.2 36 ig.2 .56 2-9 77 9.2 2-33 12. I 16.87 87-9 32 8 13-7 32-9 44 1. 00 3-2 25 3.02 9.1 1.69 4.02 12.3 12.01 28.88 87-7 35 19.9 .60 3.0 .91 9.6 2.51 12.6 17.39 87.4 .31 9 13-9 33-8 43 1.03 3- 1 25 3-16 9.0 1.68 4.19 12. I 12.22 29.61 87.9 34 17.9 57 3-2 74 9-7 2.31 12.9 15-59 87.1 3 2 10 33- 1 49 1. 06 S- 2 37 3-" 9.0 1.86 4.17 12.2 13-34 28.93 87.8 36 19.3 .60 3- 1 .81 9-4 2.41 12.5 16.89 87-5 33 ii 14.7 34-o So I.IO 3-4 35 3.16 9-2 1.85 4.26 12.6 12.85 29.74 87.4 37 20.3 65 S- 2 95 9.6 2.60 12.8 17.70 87.2 33 12 M-3 34-6 43 1. 08 3-o .29 3-24 9.0 1.72 4-32 12.0 12.58 30.28 88.0 33 20. 6 58 2.8 .90 9.2 2.48 12. 18.12 88.0 3 1 13 14.7 35-3 49 1.07 3-3 3 2 3-22 9.0 1.81 4.29 12.3 12.89 31.01 87.7 37 19.2 .60 3- 1 .82 9-5 2.42 12.6 I6. 7 8 87-4 33 '4 ,6.7 35-9 57 1.17 3-4 57 3-39 9-4 2.14 4-56 12.8 14.56 31-34 87.2 36 18.0 .61 3-4 .67 9-3 2.28 12.7 IS-? 2 87-3 37 15 12.8 30.8 .41 1.02 3-2 .18 2.85 9-2 1-59 3-87 12.4 II. 21 26.93 87.6 35 18.8 58 3- 1 .80 9.6 12.7 16.42 87-3 3 2 16 14.8 33-6 49 1.07 3-3 38 3.18 9-3 1.87 4-25 12.6 12.93 29-35 87.4 36 17.0 58 3-4 63 9.6 2.21 13.0 14.79 87.0 .36 17 16.0 33-o 5 1. 08 3- 1 42 3-05 8.9 I .92 4-13 12. 14.08 28.87 88.0 35 20. o .66 3-3 .86 93 2.52 2.6 17.48 87.4 35 18 15-4 35-4 49 I.I5 3- 2 43 3-29 9-3 1.92 4-44 2-5 I3.48 30-96 87-5 34 19.4 .66 3-4 .86 9.6 2.52 3.0 16.88 87.0 35 '9 16.0 35-4 .51 1.1} S- 2 47 3-33 9.2 1.98 4-50 2.4 14.02 30 . 90 87 . 6 35 18.6 56 3-o 79 9.6 2-35 2.6 16.25 87.4 3 1 20 14.6 33-2 44 I .OO 3- .31 3 10 9.0 1.75 4.10 2.O 12.85 29.10 88.0 34 16.0 .48 3- 52 9-5 2.OO 2-5 14.00 87-5 32 21 '4-3 30-3 43 -9 1 .30 2.82 9.1 '73 3-73 2.1 12.57 26.57 87-9 33 22. 73 3-3 .00 2.73 2-4 19.27 87.6 37 22 II .5 33-5 38 I. II 3-1 .01 3.01 8 t i-39 4.12 2.1 10. II 29.38 87.9 38 19.0 .61 3-2 77 9-3 2.38 2-5 16.62 87-5 34 23 14.9 33-9 52 1.13 3-5 39 3.16 9-3 1.91 4.29 2.8 12.99 29.61 87.2 37 2O. O .66 3-3 .90 9-5 2.56 2.8 I7.44 87.2 35 24 13.1 33- * 42 1. 08 3-2 3-07 8-9 i-59 4-'5 2.1 11.51 28.95 87.9 36 21.0 .67 3-2 97 9.; 2.64 2.6 18.36 87-4 34 25 16.1 37- 1 53 I .20 3-3 47 3-44 2.OO 4.64 12.4 14.10 32.46 87.6 36 15.0 45 3- 4 1 9-4 1.86 12-4 13.1, 87.6 32 26 17-3 32.3 52 97 3-o 56 2.97 9.0 2.08 3-94 12. 15.22 28.36 88.0 33 19.0 57 3.0 .81 9-5 2.38 12.5 16.62 87-5 3' 27 16.0 35-0 .48 1.05 .50 3-3 1 9-4 1.98 4.36 12.4 14.02 30.64 87.6 32 18.2 .62 3-4 77 9-7 2-39 I3.I 15.81 86.9 35 28 18.8 37-o .60 1.22 3-2 7 1 3.48 9.1 2.31 4.70 12-3 16.49 32.30 87.7 35 5 ja.m ^ j p.m 543-5 418.1 961.6 17.09 13-35 30.44 51-44 38.06 89.50 68.53 119.94 474-97 366.69 841.66 ,la.m < A '7-5 .61 3-1 1.83 9-5 2-45 16.96 87.4 13-5 31.0 47 1. 08 3-2 1.36 3-iS 9.1 1.83 4.28 13.06 30.02 87-7 98 BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, DAILY VARIATIONS IN MILK. The mass of data in the preceding pages precludes anything like an -extended discussion within the limits of a bulletin. They are printed in full for the benefit of such students of milk production as may be interested in giving minute attention to the numerous and somewhat unaccountable variations, both as between individuals and of the same animal for different periods. It is only in the most general terms that cows may be said to rise and fall together in their yield of milk. The tables for May exhibit many instances in which for a time the individuals by twos and threes appear to be influenced by some circumstance which tends to increase or decrease their yield together ; but shortly one of the animals separates from the company and establishes independent variations. The sug- gestion of these experiments, and still more of experiments now in progress, is that individual cows are subject to periodicities of their own, either because of the different influence of similar environment, or because of some physiological reason. The reader cannot fail to observe a marvellous variation in the per cent, of fat, not only as between individuals, but with the same individuals for successive milkings and days. Jock varies from 3 per cent, to 4 per cent, in the morning, and from 2.7 per cent, to 4.2 percent, in the evening, and differences nearly as great may be noted with the other ^cows, exhibiting in all an extreme variation within the month and between all the cows from 2.7 to 5.7 per cent. It is by no means true that the highest per cent, of fat is found in the smallest milking, because for nearly one-fourth of the time the larger percentage of fat is with the ;higher yield of milk. As between the evening milkings of Jock May iiSth and ipth, the smaller milking is found to be deficient in fat by fully one per cent. The morning milkings of the i7th and i8th are practically identical in amount, but with a difference of .6 in the per cent, of fat. That these differences are not due primarily to the unequal milking period is shown by the extreme difference in the output of fat on consecutive days; see Jock May igih and 20th with a difference of ,34 of a pound, or 40 per cent.; see also Lady Pietertje May 4th and 5th with a difference of .22 of a pound, or nearly 25 per cent. Many similar instances can be readily found. Extreme variations are to be noted in the matter of solids not fat. The following table is prepared for the purpose of exhibiting the wide variation in the percentages of fat and of solids not fat within the month. [898.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. 99 TABLE 25. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PERCENTAGES OF FAT AND SOLIDS NOT FAT WITHIN THE MONTH OF MAY. MORNING PERIOD 13 HOURS, EVENING PERIOD n HOURS. Fat. Solids not fat. Maximum. Minimum. Maximum. Minimum. a m. p.m. a m. p.m. a.m. p.m. a.m. p.m. Jock 4.0 5-2 4.0 6.0 3-6 4-2 5-7 4-3 5-5 4-3 3-0 4-2 3-1 3-6 2.9 2.7 4-4 3-3 2.8 3-1 9-8 10. 9-6 12.5 9-4 9.8 10. 1 9-6 10.8 9-6 8.8 9.0 8.5 7.6 8.7 9.1 9.0 8.9 6.2 8.6 Dolly Eva Janet Lady Pietertje It must be clearly understood that there is no relation of time between the maxima and the minima in the above table, that is to say, the maximum percentage of fat and the maximum percentage of solids not fat may be upon the same or upon different days, and both are to a great extent independent of the yield of milk. The last column but one of the milk records exhibits the ratio between the fat and the solids not fat for each day of the experiment, and here again notable variations are discovered. The average ratio of fats to solids not fat in the milk of Jock and Lady Pietertje for May is .37, but of Dolly for the same period it is .51. The extreme variation noted during the month as between different cows and at different milk- ings is .28 to .61. Nothing could be more positively correct than the statement that milk is an exceedingly variable product, not only as regards fat, but as regards the proportion of fat to the other solids. The fat is not only more variable than the solids not fat, but its variations are in a large measure independent of those of the other solids. There are therefore some notable variations in the column of total solids. The per cent, of total solids is by no means highest in the smallest yield, as for Dolly, May 3d, when both fat and solids not fat are abnormally low. The consecutive milkings of Lady Pietertje on May roth show a variation in the per cent, of total solids from n.8 to 13.2, so that with a difference of 2 pounds of milk yield practically the same amount of total solids were secreted. It will be noted in passing that about this time Lady Pietertje was giving more fat in the smaller milkings than in the larger. BEHAVIOR NEAR THE CLOSE OF A PERIOD OF LACTATION. The records for Jock in July are not published, but close study of the data shows, that as the period of lactation neared the close the daily yields fluctuated greatly in amount. The fat was unusually variable, and together with solids not fat declined in proportion toward the end. 100 BULLETIN NO. 5 I. [May, The ratio of fat to solids not fat and the proportion of water were unusually high, and the larger quantity was given during the shorter period. Lady Pietertje's record is published in full, including the close of one lactation and the beginning of another. In her case there was a slight rise in the percentage of fat for the last few milkings as well as in the per cent, of total solids, both conspiring to reduce the percentage of water, but both are much less pronounced than in the case of Jock. It will be noted that upon beginning to milk but once a day, October 28th, the amount of fat and total solids immediately dropped to about half their former amounts, showing that there is no tendency to compensate for the milking period that is omitted. It will be noted also that at the beginning of the new lactation, November i5th, the percentages of fat and of total solids were about normal. A g close study of the details of this tabular matter cannot fail to impress the reader with the belief that the cow, though dependent upon and to a great extent influenced by her environment, is yet inclined to indulge in many and often extreme individual variations, not assignable to any visible external cause. Experiments now in progress confirm this view of the case and tend to show a natural periodicity in milk secretion, such periodicity representing something like the algebraic sum of all the body functions whose activities rise and fall to some extent independent of each other or of external conditions. TABLE 26. THE BEGINNING OF A PERIOD OF LACTATION. THE YIELD AND CHARACTER OF THE MILK OF THREE Cows FOR THE FIRST WEEK OF A NEW PERIOD OF LACTATION. Eva. Tina Clay. Lady Pietertje. Pounds Per cent. Pounds Per cent. Pounds Per cent. milk. Fat. Solids not fat- milk. Fat. Solids not Fat. milk. Fat. Solids not fat. P M 5 O 4.7 23. i 14.0 2.8 10.8 A M 4 5 4. I * 17 .0 3-2 10.7 P. M. 6.6 2.0 * 15-0 3-8 10.3 6.8 4.1 10.4 A. M. 13-0 2.8 * 18.2 3-0 10.4 8-5 4.0 II. O P. M. 10.5 4.0 II. 16.0 3-6 IO.I 8.2 3-6 IO.O A. M. 12.3 3-6 10.5 20. o 3-6 IO.I 12. O 3-9 10.3 P. M. 10.5 4-7 10.3 17.2 3-7 IO.I 9-5 4.0 9.8 A. M. 13.3 3-2 9.6 20. 3-o IO.I 12.8 3-6 10. I P. M. 12.8 3-9 IO.O I7.I 3-7 9-7 II .2 3-7 9-8 A. M. 18.0 3-5 9-8 21 .O 3-8 9-7 13-5 3-6 10.3 P. M. 14.7 3-5 9-7 I9.O 4-6 9-6 12.8 3-6 9-5 A. M. 18.7 3-8 9-5 22.7 3-8 9-7 15-3 3-4 9-8 P. M. 15.2 4-i 9-5 19.4 3-7 9-7 13-5 3-6 9-5 A. M. 19-1 3-6 9-7 22.0 3-6 9-7 I6. 5 3-5 9-7 *Solids above n per cent., above the range of the lactometer used. 1898.] VARIATIONS IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTION. IOI Eva had been dry for 38 days, Tina Clay for 64 days, and Lady Pietertje for 6 days. The first milking of the two former was taken 12 hours after dropping a calf, and that of Lady Pietertje at 36 hours. It will be noted that, except with Tina Clay, the quantity of milk rapidly increased within the week to more than three times that of the first milking. In every case the first few milkings are extremely rich in solids not fat, but the percentage at first is widely variable, as is seen in comparing the milk of Eva with that of the other two. Eva and Lady Pietertje begin with a comparatively high per cent, of fat, but Tina Clay begins low and increases from the first. It will also be noted that this fact is associated with larger milk yields at the first milkings, which were characteristic of Tina Clay. We have already discovered that the daily production of fat is nearer corrstant than is the corre- sponding yield of milk, and this low per cent, of fat may be considered as compensation for the higher yield of milk. COMPOSITION OF FIRST AND LAST MILK DRAWN. A number of tests were made of the same and of different cows in order to discover the difference, if any, between the first' pint of milk drawn from the udder and the pint last drawn. The average per cent, of fat in the milk of each cow for a number of days before and after the trial is shown in the table for the sake of comparison. The udders were washed before milking, excepting where indicated by a star. It was omitted in these cases under the impression that the manipulation inci- dent to the washing might affect the per cent, of fat in the first milk drawn. The results do not indicate, however, that such was the case. The cows were milked in the usual manner, through a funnel into a pint bottle until the first pint was secured, after which they were milked into a pail until nearly finished. Toward the close they were again milked into bottles confaining one-fourth of a pint each, and when the milking was finished, the last four quarter pints were taken as representing the last pint drawn. It will be noticed that in every case the per cent, of solids not fat is higher for the milk first drawn, and the per cent, of fat lower; but the difference between the fat of the first and last drawn is much greater than the inverse difference between the solids not fat, and its fluctuations are wider from day to day, and between different cows. BULLETIN NO. 51. [May, TABLE 27. COMPOSITION OF FIRST PINT AND OF LAST PINT OF THE SAME MILKING. Per cent fat. Solids not fat. Total milk. Usual % fat. Ratio of fat, first to last. First. Last. First. Last. Tina Clay 1.6 1.4 3-0 2. I 1.2 6.4 3-8 5-8 5-6 6.4 9-7 9-45 9.61 9-65 9.62 9-33 9.10 9-35 9-55 9.15 16.6 20.0 16.0 18.5 21.8 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 1:4* 1:2.7* 1:1.9 1:2.7* i:5-3 .. ii Average 1.86 5.60 9.61 9-30 18.6 3-5 i:3 Nettie 1-5 2-9 2-5 2.8 1.2 ii. 8 6.3 7-6 6.7 7.2 10.25 10. 16 10.03 9.96 9-75 9.12 9.76 9-74 9.80 9. 10 ii. 8 6-3 7-3 8.4 8.6 4.6 5-5 5-i 4-9 3-7 1:7.9 1:2.2 i:3 1:2.4 1:6 Tanet . Pogis Tane . Mary *Udders unwashed. COMPARISON OF Two Cows. Two mature cows, Eva, a high grade Holstein weighing 1200 pounds, and Janet, a high grade Jersey weighing 875 pounds, were fresh on the same day, March i6th. They were immediately put under experi- ment to test their comparative capacities for milk and butter production. During the first period of 19 days the cows received equal amounts of bran with whatever corn stover their appetites demanded. During the second period of 21 days the grain ration was of ground oats and corn in equal parts by weight, with corn stover ad libitum. During the third period of 28 days the grain ration was unchanged, but the roughness was clover hay, and during the fourth period of 23 days the grain ration consisted of corn meal and oil meal in the proportion of 4:1 taken with clover hay for roughness. Each milking was weighed, sampled, and tested separately. It will be noticed that the animals always received the same amounts of the same kind of grain, and were allowed to satisfy their appetite in roughness. Though it cannot be said that the refuse from this rough- ness was always identical in feeding value, yet the animals were so fed that there was no noticeable difference in its amount or character. It will also be noticed that roughness was corn stover the first and second periods, and clover hay for the third and fourth, but that the grain was the same for the second and third periods, so that there was never a change of grain and roughness at the same time. What the cows did with this food for 91 days is fairly well shown in the following table. i8 9 8.] \\KIATIO\S IN MILK AN'D MILK PRODUCTION. I0 3 TABLE 28. AMOUNT AND KIND OK FEED CONSUMED, AND AMOUNT OF MILK AND FAT PRODUCED BY Two Cows ON THE SAME FEED FOR 91 DAYS, IN FOUR PERIODS. Food consumed. First. Second. Third. Fourth. Totals. Per cent Corn stover. Corn stover. Clover hay. Clover hay. Eva 308.5 298.5 368 332.5 452.3 445-8 458.3 397-5 1587.1 I47I-3 Janet Difference 10. 35-5 6-5 60.8 112. 8 7.6 Eva Bran. 207.0 207.0 Corn ;inil outs. 295 295 Corn and oats. 394-5 394-5 Corn anil oil HIM! 289 289 1185.5 1185.5 Janet Milk produced. Eva 676.2 411.2 752.6 488.6 1024.7 692.6 771.1 574-3 3224.6 2166.7 Janet .... Difference 265 264 332.1 196.8 1057.9 48.0 Fat produced. Eva 27.7 20.9 26.7 23-3 34-3 31-1 26.0 27.5 114.7 102.8 Janet Difference. 6.8 3-4 3-2 i-5 n. 9 II. O We really cannot fail to note that Eva gave 48 per cent, more milk and n percent, more fat on the same amount of grain and with an excess of roughness amounting to only 112 pounds, or 7.6 percent. This points to two principles, namely, that some cows are vastly more economical consumers of feed than are others and that the character of milk produced is so different that one animal may excel in milk and another excel in fat. These cows were both mature, were fresh on the same day, neither suffered accident during the experiment, yet Eva pro- duced 1057 pounds of milk and 12 pounds of fat out of an extra feed of 112 pounds of hay and corn stover. This difference in favor of Eva is far greater than any per cent, of profit the dairyman may hope to make, and it teaches that in the last analysis profits will depend upon careful selection of the animal machine that is to transform hay and grain into milk and fat and money. E. DAVENPORT, A ?ricultij NT O r >'- UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA