811 
 
 H25c B^HARTE 
 
 CONCEPCION DE AR6UELL0 
 
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UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 ILLINOIS LIBRARY 
 
 AT URBAr.A-CHAMPAIQN 
 
 ILL HIST. SURVEY 
 
811 
 
 H25c 
 
 THE ROMANCE OF HISPANIC CALIFORNIA 
 
 CONCEPCION DE ARGUELLO 
 
 (PRESIDIO DE SAN FRANCISCO, 1806) 
 BY BRET HARTE 
 
 WITH TYPOGRAPHICAL SPECIMEN PAGES OF 
 THE REPORT OF COUNT REZANOV OF HIS 
 VOYAGE TO NUEVA CALIFORNIA IN 18 6 
 
1/1 B R.AR. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 
CONCEPCION DE ARGUELLO 
 
 (PRESIDIO DE SAN FRANCISCO, 1806) 
 BY BRET HARTE 
 
 DONA CONCEPCI6N WAS DISTINGUISHED FOR HER VIVACITY 
 AND CHEERFULNESS, HER LOVE-INSPIRING AND BRILLIANT 
 EYES, EXCEEDINGLY BEAUTIFUL TEETH, EXPRESSIVE AND 
 PLEASING FEATURES, SHAPELINESS OF FIGURE, AND FOR A 
 THOUSAND OTHER CHARMS, BESIDES AN ARTLESS NATURAL 
 DEMEANOR -BEAUTIES OF HER KIND ONE MAY FIND, 
 THOUGH SELDOM, ONLY IN ITALY, PORTUGAL, AND SPAIN 
 
 LANGSDORFF: VOYAGES AND TRAVELS 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
 THE PRIVATE PRESS OF THOMAS C. RUSSELL 
 
 SEVENTEEN THIRTY-FOUR NINETEENTH AVENUE 
 
 19 2 6 
 
WOULD REZANOV HAVE WED HER? 
 
 WHAT THE HISTORIANS HAVE TO SAY 
 
 DOCTOR JOSIAH ROYCE: CALIFORNIA (AMERICAN COMMONWEALTHS) 
 
 IN 1806 the first Russian ship came to the port of San Francisco, from Sitka, 
 under the direction of Rezanof, an official of high, position, who had gone to 
 Sitka as inspector of the establishmentsthere. Hispurpose at the moment 
 was to purchase supplies for the now nearly starving- colony at Sitka. Although 
 such transactions with foreigners were forbidden to the Calif omians, still, after 
 long and vain negotiations with Governor Arriliaga, and with the commandant 
 of the presidio, Argiiello, Rezanov at last gained his commercial purpose by 
 dint of making successful love to the beautiful daughter of Argiiello, the 
 Dona Concepcion of the well-known and highly romantic tale that has since 
 grown up out of this incident. Rezanof was actually betrothed, in the end, to 
 the fair young daughter; and when he set out, with his purchases made, it was 
 under the solemn promise to return and marry his new beloved as soon as 
 possible. He died, however, while on his way across Siberia, during his return 
 to St. Petersburg. The story, told in several versions,and immortalized in Mr. 
 Bret Harte's best poem, has won rrfany tears. Rezanof himself describes the 
 affair, in his reports, as a purely business-like stroke of diplomacy, whereby 
 he gained the decisive official help of the Argiiello family. Whether he was 
 sincere in his love or not, Dona Concepcion was in hers. She died, as nun, at 
 Benicia, in 1857. 
 
 DOCTOR CHARLES E. CHAPMAN: HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA - SPANISH PERIOD 
 
 The whole affair of the courtship of Rezanof and Concepcion Argiiello 
 occupied little more than six weeks, but the real beauty of the tale is in the 
 aftermath, as is so alluringly set forth in the famous poem of Bret Harte. . . . 
 On March 1,1 807, at Krasnoyarsk, he died. Rezanof's constancy, therefore, 
 was never tested. There is no evidence as to how he felt toward Concepcion 
 after he left Alta California. 
 
 IRVING BERDINE RICH MAN: CALIFORNIA UNDER SPAIN AND MEXICO 
 
 Whether later he [Rezanov] would have performed with her his nuptial 
 contract (with naught for Russia to be gained thereby) is open to question. 
 
 FR. ZEPHYRIN ENGELHARDT: SAN FRANCISCO, OR MISSION DOLORES 
 
 ... a slip of a girl, who as the daughter of a mere lieutenant would hardly 
 have been admitted into the proud circles of the richest court in Europe. 
 
 WHAT REZANOV HIMSELF HAS WRITTEN 
 
 %* The report of Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov to Count Nikolai 
 Petrovich, the Russian minister of commerce, translated from the Russian, 
 revised and corrected, is now in press and will be ready this autumn (1926). 
 Therein Rezanov unbosoms himself to his friend the count and dispels every 
 doubt. The report is a complete record of events from his leaving until his 
 return to Sitka. The edition of the book is limited to some two hundred and 
 sixty copies, each signed, numbered, and registered; type large and hand-set; 
 octavo (10 X6 1 ? "); heavy ton ed-white rag paper; printed at the Private Press 
 of Thomas C. Russell, 1734 Nineteenth Avenue, San Francisco, California. 
 
MARIA DE LA CONCEPCION MARCELA 
 ARGUE LLC) 
 
 LOVELIEST OF THE LOVELY SISTERS OF DON LUIS ARGUELLO, THE DONA 
 CONCEPC16N IS THE UNIVERSALLY RECOGNIZED BEAUTY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 REZANOV 
 
 CONCEPCION DE ARGUELLO 
 
 (PRESIDIO DE SAN FRANCISCO, 18 6) 
 
 tKiNG seaward, o'er the sandhills stands the fortress, old and 
 quaint, 
 By the San Francisco friars lifted to their patron saint, - 
 
 Sponsor to that wondrous city, now apostate to the creed, 
 
 On whose youthful walls the Padre saw the angel's golden reed; 
 
 All its trophies long since scattered, all its blazon brushed away; 
 And the flag that flies above it but a triumph of to-day. 
 
 Never scar of siege or battle challenges the wandering eye,- 
 Never breach of warlike onset holds the curious passer-by; 
 
 Only one sweet human fancy interweaves its threads of gold 
 With the plain and homespun present,and a love that ne'er grows 
 old: 
 
 Only one thing holds its crumbling walls above the meaner dust,- 
 Listen to the simple story of a woman's love and trust. 
 
 II 
 
 Count von Resanoff, the Russian, envoy of the mighty Czar, 
 Stood beside the deep embrasures where the brazen cannon are; 
 
 3 
 
4 THE REZANOV VOYAGE 
 
 He with grave provincial magnates long had held serene debate 
 On theTreaty of Alliance and the high affairs of state; 
 
 He from grave provincial magnates oft had turned to talk apart 
 With the Comandante's daughter on the questions of the heart, 
 
 Until points of gravest import yielded slowly one by one, 
 And by Love was consummated what Diplomacy begun; 
 
 Till beside the deep embrasures, where the brazen cannon are, 
 He received the twofold contract for approval of the Czar; 
 
 Till beside the brazen cannon the betrothed bade adieu, 
 
 And, from sallyport and gateway, north the Russian eagles flew. 
 
 in 
 Long beside the deep embrasures, where the brazen cannon are, 
 Did they waitthepromisedbridegroom and the answer of theCzar; 
 
 Day by day on wall and bastion beat the hollow, empty breeze, - 
 Day by day the sunlight glittered on the vacant, smiling seas; 
 
 Week by week the near hills whitened in their dusty leather cloaks,- 
 Weekby week the far hills darkened from the fringing plain of oaks; 
 
 Till the rains came, and far-breaking, on the fierce southwester tost, 
 Dashed the whole long coast with color, and then vanished and 
 were lost. 
 
 So each year the seasons shifted, - wet and warm and drear and dry; 
 Half a year of clouds and flowers,- half a year of dust and sky. 
 
 Still itbrought no ship nor message, -brought no tidings, ill or meet, 
 For the statesmanlikeCommander, for the daughter fair and sweet. 
 
TO NUEVA CALIFORNIA 5 
 
 Yet she heard the varying message, voiceless to all ears beside: 
 "He will come," theflowers whispered; "Come no more," the dry 
 hills sighed. 
 
 Still she found him with the waters lifted by the morningbreeze,- 
 Still she lost him with the folding of the great white-tented seas; 
 
 Until hollows chased the dimples from hercheeks of olive brown, 
 And at times a swift, shy moisture dragged the long sweet lashes 
 down; 
 
 Or the small mouth curved and quivered as for some denied caress, 
 And the fair young brow was knitted in an infantine distress. 
 
 Then the grimCommander,pacing where thebrazen cannon are, 
 Comforted the maid with proverbs,- wisdom gathered from afar; 
 
 Bits of ancient observation by his fathers garnered, each 
 As a pebble worn and polished in the current of his speech: 
 
 "Those who wait the coming rider travel twice as far as he '; 
 Tired wench and coming butter never did in time agree'; 
 
 He that getteth himself honey,though a clown, he shall have flies'; 
 'In the endGod grinds the miller';' In the dark the mole has eyes'; 
 
 He whose father is Alcalde of his trial hath no fear,'- 
 And be sure the Count has reasons that will make his conduct clear." 
 
 Then the voice sententious faltered, and the wisdom it would teach 
 Lost itself in fondest trifles of his softCastilian speech; 
 
 And on"Concha,""Conchitita,"and"Conchita"he would dwell 
 With the fond reiteration which the Spaniard knows so well. 
 
6 THE REZANOV VOYAGE 
 
 So with proverbs and caresses, half in faith and half in doubt, 
 Every day some hope was kindled, flickered, faded, and went out. 
 
 IV 
 
 Yearly, down the hillside sweeping, came the stately cavalcade, 
 Bringing revel to vaquero, joy and comfort to each maid; 
 
 Bringing days of formal visit, social feast and rustic sport; 
 Of bull-baiting on the plaza, of love-making in the court. 
 
 Vainly then at Concha's lattice, vainly as the idle wind, 
 
 Rose the thin high Spanish tenor that bespoke the youth too kind; 
 
 Vainly, leaning from their saddles, caballeros, bold and fleet, 
 Plucked for her the buried chicken from beneath their mustang's 
 feet; 
 
 So in vain the barren hillsides with their gay serapes blazed, 
 Blazed and vanished in the dust-cloud that their flying hoofs had 
 raised. 
 
 Then the drum called from the rampart, and once more, with 
 
 patient mien, 
 The Commander an d h is daughter each took up the dull routine,- 
 
 Each took up the petty duties of a life apart and lone, 
 
 Till the slow years wrought a music in its dreary monotone. 
 
 v 
 Forty years on wall and bastion swept the hollow idle breeze, 
 Since the Russian eagle fluttered from the California seas; 
 
 Forty years on wall and bastion wrought its slow but sure decay, 
 And St. George's cross was lifted in the port of Monterey; 
 
TO NUEVA CALIFORNIA 7 
 
 And the citadel was lighted, and the hall was gayly drest, 
 All to honor Sir George Simpson, famous traveler and guest. 
 
 Far and near the people gathered to the costly banquet set, 
 And exchanged congratulations with the English baronet; 
 
 Till, the formal speeches ended, and amidst the laugh and wine, 
 Some one spoke of Concha's lover,- heedless of the warning sign. 
 
 Quickly then cried Sir George Simpson, "Speak no ill of him, I 
 
 pray,- 
 He is dead. He died, poor fellow, forty years ago this day. 
 
 " Died while speeding home to Russia, falling from a fractious horse. 
 Leftasweetheart,too,theytellme. Married,! suppose, of course! 
 
 Lives she yet?" A deathlike silence fell on banquet, guests, and 
 hall, 
 And a trembling figure rising fixed the awestruck gaze of all. 
 
 Two black eyes in darkened orbits gleamed beneath the nun's 
 
 white hood; 
 Black serge hid the wasted figure, bowed and stricken where it 
 
 stood. 
 
 " Lives she yet ?" Sir George repeated. All were hushed as Concha 
 
 drew 
 Closer yet her nun's attire. Senor, pardon, she died too ! " 
 
THE RUSSELL CALIFORNIA REPRINTS 
 
 ALL IN LIMITED AND NUMBERED EDITIONS - ALL TYPOGRAPHY DONE BY HAND 
 
 CALIFORNIA. A History of Upper & Lower California 
 
 from their first discovery to the present time [1835]. Comprising an 
 account of the climate, soil, natural productions, agriculture, etc. A full view 
 of the missionary establishments, and condition of the free and domesticated 
 Indians. With an appendix relating to steam-navigation in the Pacific. "With 
 anew map, plans of the harbors, and numerous engravings. By Alexander 
 Forbes, Esq. London: 1839. 5 Reprinted in a limited edition of 250 copies. 
 But few copies left. Some in rich foreign bindings. Prices upon application. 
 
 NARRATIVE OF EDWARD McGOWAN. Including 
 
 a full account of the author's adventures and perils while persecuted by the 
 San Francisco Vigilance Committee of 1856. Together with a report of his 
 trial, which resulted in his acquittal. San Francisco: 1857. 5 Reprinted in a 
 limited edition of 200 numbered copies. All the old woodcuts. Price $10, net. 
 
 VOYAGE OF THE SONORA in the second Bucareli 
 
 expedition to explore the northwest coast, survey the port of San Francisco, 
 and found Franciscan missions and a presidio and pueblo at that port. The 
 journal kept in 1775 on the SonorabyDon Francisco Antonio Mourelle, the 
 second pilot of the fleet, and translated by the Hon.DainesBarrington from 
 the original Spanish manuscript. London: 1781. 5 Reprinted in a limited 
 edition of 230 copies. With many notes, showing the voyages of the earliest 
 explorers on the coast, etc.; a reproduction of the large Spanish carta general, 
 showing the Spanish discoveries on the coast up to 1791, etc. Price $15, net. 
 
 The SHIRLEY LETTERS from CALIFORNIA MINES 
 
 in 1851-52. A series of letters fromDame Shirley (Mrs. Louise Amelia Knapp 
 Smith Clappe) to her sister in Massachusetts, j Reprinted from the Pioneer 
 Magazine of 1854-55, in a limited edition of 450 numbered copies. Many 
 fine illustrations of mining scenes. A handsome gift-book. Price $12. 50,net. 
 
 LIFE IN CALIFORNIA BEFORE THE CONQUEST. 
 
 By Alfred Robinson, an American comerciante in the Mexican territorio of 
 Nueva California for many years after 1829. 5 Reprinted, in a limited edition 
 of 250 copies, from the first edition published in New York in 1846. With 
 notes, and reproductions of the lithographs in the first edition. Price $15, net. 
 
 IN PRESS - WILL BE READY IN AUTUMN OF 1926 
 The REZANOV VOYAGE to NUEVA CALIFORNIA 
 
 5 This is the report of Nicolai Petrovich Rezanov to the Russian minister of 
 commerce at Saint Petersburg. Therein he details the chief incidents of that 
 historic Russian voyage in 1806, -"the first footstep of a Russian on the soil 
 of Nueva California." The MS. translation in the Academy of Pacific Coast 
 History at Berkeley is poor work. Its omissions are now supplied and many 
 inaccuracies corrected. The edition is limited - some two hundred and sixty 
 copies. Intending subscribers will kindly notify this Press of that fact, and 
 notice will be sent when the book is ready and subscription-books are open. 
 
 REZANOV IS HIS OWN INTERPRETER - HE MAKES PLAIN HIS ACTS &= INTENTIONS 
 
 THE PRIVATE PRESS OF THOMAS C. RUSSELL 
 
 1734 NINETEENTH AVENUE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
 
The Re z anov Voy age to 
 Nueva California in 1806 
 
 Some Specimen Pages 
 
THE SECOND DIVISION 
 
 AT THE PUERTO DE SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Enter the Puerto de San Francisco - Challenged - Surrender 
 of shipdemanded-Politicexplanations-DonLuisAntonio 
 Arguello,comandante temporal of Presidio - Invitation to dinner 
 
 - Padre Jose AntonioUria- Overwhelmed by cordial reception - 
 Tactfulness of Don Luis -Where were the Nadeschda and the 
 Neva? - Further politic explanations - Mision San Francisco de 
 Asi's - Misionero padres in favor of trade - Boston vessels spread 
 reports of Russian distress in north - Rezanov's generosity and 
 display of wealth -Abundance atNuevaCaliforniaand its climate 
 invite crew to desert -The hospitable Argiiellos -The beautiful 
 DonaConcepcion -Past sufferings delightfully requited -Arrival 
 of Don Jose Joaquin Arrillaga,gobernador of Nueva California - 
 He is saluted by two forts - Artillery increased since Vancouver's 
 visit in 1792 - Questions of etiquette - Padre PedroDe laCueva 
 
 - Rezanov's reception by the gobernador at Presidio - Don Jose 
 Darfo Argiiello, comandante of the Presidio de San Francisco - 
 Don Jose De la Guerray Noriega, comandante of the Presidio de 
 Monterey - Both come from Monterey - Gobernador grants a 
 business interview - Rezanov's plea for commercial intercourse 
 
 - Disclaimer of Russia's desire to colonize in Spanish territory - 
 Wealth in north sufficient - Object of visit to procure breadstuffs 
 and agree upontradepreliminaries - Gobernadordefers decision 
 
 - Rezanov's private source of information - Gobernador fearful 
 of compromising himself - Possible breach of concord between 
 their governments - Rezanov's speedy departure requested - He 
 protests - Asks permission to purchase breadstuffs while nothing 
 prevents - Also to permit barter for goods on ship - Arguments 
 used to accomplish his purpose - No grain delivered - Incidents 
 rendering his position critical - Decides to become serious with 
 the beautiful Concha Argiiello - Her disposition and character - 
 Her merry description of Nueva California - The proposal and 
 acceptance - Herparents shocked - Perplexity 7 of the misioneros 
 
 9 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 ILLINOIS LIBRARY 
 
10 THE REZANOV VOYAGE 
 
 - Her brave front overcomes all opposition - Final decision left 
 to throne of Rome-Thebetrothal -What it broughtabout-The 
 Russian now master - Hispaniolized, in estimation of Spaniards 
 -Grain now delivered and merchandise disposed of -Ambitious 
 plans of Rezanov - His regrets for Russia's lost opportunities to 
 occupy the whole coast - Spanish court's fear of Russia - Trade 
 neglected by Spaniards in past- Chinese goods reach California 
 via Mexico - Manila a free port - Enormous profits - Spaniards 
 open ports on Eastern coast of America to United States - Plans 
 to further trade between Nueva California and Russia - Spanish 
 king's expenditures for maintenance of garrisons and warships - 
 Funds for the padres with which to erect churches - Smuggling 
 by vessels from the United States - Leave desperate ruffians and 
 women -"Disturb our peace and corrupt our morals"- Attempt 
 to remain permanently -The Bostonian Captain O'Cain and his 
 doings - Successful plan of the gobernadorto drive off intruders - 
 Vessels and officers trading or smuggling on coast - News from 
 Europe - Napoleonic wars - System of official communication 
 between Europe, Mexico,and Nueva California - Precautions in 
 case vessel carrying dispatches is taken by enemy - Letters and 
 documents in duplicate or triplicate - Rezanov outlines manner 
 in which his romance originated - Sets out his plans for serving 
 his country and furthering its interests in America in case of its 
 completion - Could not be done by any one else - He sacrifices 
 himself for the good of others. 
 
THE THIRD DIVISION 
 
 PUERTO DE SAN FRANCISCO TO SITKA 
 
 Departure from Puerto de San Francisco - Gobernador 
 and friends go to Fuerte de San Joaquin to take leave of 
 the Russians on the Juno - Russians salute with seven shots, and 
 Spaniards with nine - Island of Kaigan - Becalmed - Heavy gale 
 
 - Arrival at Norfolk Sound - Salute fort - No reply - Prepare for 
 hostilities - Reassured on arrival of bidarkas - Anchor in harbor 
 of New Archangel - Fever and an eruption broke out on voyage 
 
 - All recover - Occurrences in Russian American possessions 
 during absence - Scurvy at New Archangel and Kadiak - Many 
 deaths - Herring appear, and relieve situation - Armed Kolosh 
 come to fish - Precautionary measures doubled - Arrival of ship 
 O'Cain - Captain Winship refuses to trade with Kolosh upon 
 seeing critical situation -They leave all the sooner - Their fear 
 of Baranov - Rezanov regrets that Baranov will leave country - 
 Kolosh watch fort closely - Rumors of attempt to capture port 
 
 - Defenses sufficient - All men armed while at work - Yakutat 
 captured by savages - Fort fired and people killed - Perpetrators 
 bribed by Akoi Kolosh - Advices from other places of threats to 
 exterminate Russians - Hardships suffered in transporting furs 
 and provisions at Kadiak - Many drowned - Territory requires 
 seaworthy boats instead of bidarkas - Captain Winship reports 
 coming of Americans to settle on the Columbia River - Easier 
 for Russians to settle there - Claims of the United States to this 
 shore challenged - Prediction that they will discontinue making 
 settlements there -Excluded from western coasts by commercial 
 agreement -Names of Boston vessels cruising and trading in the 
 sounds and on coast -Their intrusion resented - Not necessary 
 to enter into negotiations concerning coast with United States - 
 Bostonians will quit if country strengthened -Kamehameha, king 
 of Sandwich Islands - His enterprise - Desires to enter into trade 
 relations - Yermak and Rotislav, ships built by Baranov - Much 
 success in horticulture - Rezanov's plea in closing his report. 
 
 65 
 
THE FIRST DIVISION 
 
 SITKA TO PUERTO DE SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Calamitous situation of the Russian American possessions 
 in Alaska - Privations and starvation - Purchase from the 
 Americans of the ship Juno and her cargo - Bare subsistence on 
 the meager supply of provisions on board - Resolve of Rezanov 
 to save the Russian American possessions or perish - Voyage to 
 Nueva California determined upon - Leave Sitka on the Juno - 
 Scurvy-stricken crew - Former intention to explore the Columbia 
 River - Its mouth sighted - Contrary winds drive ship south - 
 Return on following day - Carried farther north by strong current 
 
 - Gray's Harbor - North shore resembles mouth of Columbia - 
 Doctor Langsdorff enters harbor in bidarka - Country seemed 
 to be inhabited - Another attempt to enter Columbia -Anchor 
 under difficulties - Rescued from critical situation - Sickness of 
 crew compels departure for south - Favorable wind - Arrival at 
 entrance to Puerto de San Francisco on night of March 27, 1806 
 
 - Anchor outside on account of dense fog, and wait till morning. 
 
 3 
 
THE THIRD DIVISION 
 PUERTO DE SAN FRANCISCO TO SITKA 
 
 I must also report to your excellency our return 
 voyage from California, and the circumstances 
 connected therewith. 
 
 We left the Puerto de San Francisco on the 10th 
 of May, 1806 [o. s.], at six o'clock in the afternoon. 
 The gobernador and all our friends went to the fort 
 to take leave of us. We saluted with seven shots, and 
 they answered with nine. After leaving, we gained 
 only in longitude at first, and after running over ten 
 degrees in that direction, we found a favorable wind, 
 which carried us to the island of Kaigan. Here we 
 were becalmed ten days. At this time many of our 
 shrouds gave way, and we had hardly succeeded in 
 mending them with yarn made from cable and rope 
 ends, when a very heavy gale arose, in which all our 
 masts would have snapped off had not our repairs 
 been made. 
 
 We arrived off Norfolk Sound on the 8th of June, 
 and saluted the fort by firing. As they did not reply, 
 and as we neither met bidarkas nor saw any human 
 beings anywhere, we became doubtful, especially as 
 
 67 
 
64 THE REZANOV VOYAGE 
 
 These, gracious sire, are all the observations that 
 my six weeks' sojourn in Nueva California allowed 
 me to make in that country. You will pardon me if 
 I have at times expressed my own personal feelings, 
 and ascribe such expressions to a weakness common 
 to mankind. 
 
 * # * Should fate decree the completion of my 
 romance, - not begun in hot passion, which is not 
 becoming at my age, but arising under the pressure 
 of conditions, - remoteness, duties, responsibilities, 
 - perhaps also under the influence of remnants of 
 feelings that in the past were a source of happiness 
 in my life, - then, and in such case, I shall be in a 
 position to serve my country once again, as by a 
 personal examination of the harbor of Vera Cruz, 
 Mexico, and by a trip through the interior parts of 
 America. This could not be accomplished by, nor 
 would permission be granted to, any one else, the 
 suspicious Spanish temperament forbidding such 
 investigations. I should also be able to inform you 
 fully, gracious sire, as to their trade, their surplus, 
 and their needs. Upon becoming acquainted with 
 the viceroy of Nueva Espana, I could be of benefit 
 

UNIVERSITY OF ILIINOIS-URBANA 
 
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