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 I!linois**Dept. cf Public Health" 
 Division cH Child Huciene and 
 Public Health Nursing. 
 Better tabu conference. 
 
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 ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
 Isaac D. Rawlings, M. D., 
 
 Director 
 Springfield, Ill. 
 
 Better Baby Conference 
 
 What it is—Why it is 
 
 c 
 
 How to Organize and Conduct it 
 
 7 
 
 -- 
 
 HEIGHT AND WEIGHT CHARTS FOR CHILDREN 
 
 Prepared by 
 
 DIVISION OF CHILD HYGIENE AND 
 PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 
 
 Dr. C. W. East, Superintendent of Division. 
 
 (Additional copies supplied on request addressed to Dr. Isaac D. Rawlings, Director 
 
 of Public Health, Springfield, Ill.) 
 
 1 ; • ‘ 
 
 [Printed by authority of the State of Illinois.] 
 
 / , - ■ 
 
 ILLINOIS PRINTING CO., DANVILLE, 
 
 (66902—3 M—4-22) 
 
 ILL. 
 
4 
 
 A BETTER BABIES CONTEST 
 
 Within the past five years there has been an astonishing awak¬ 
 ening as to the importance of devoting more attention to babies for' 
 the purpose of producing a better physical and intellectual type of 
 men and women. To direct this interest into a channel which would 
 be productive of practical results it was found necessary to edu¬ 
 cate parents as to what constitutes a sound baby or a normal baby. 
 It was essential that there should be some standards toward which 
 mothers should strive and it was found that the opinions in this 
 regard entertained by large numbers of intelligent people were far 
 from satisfactory. 
 
 Just as physical culture enthusiasts among adults strove for 
 muscular development which approached deformity rather than 
 natural development, so it was found that mothers were striving for 
 mere fatness, for abnormal ifiiysical and mental accomplishment.. 
 The prevailing aim was overdevelopment rather than normal de¬ 
 velopment, and, not infrequently, the overdevelopment desired was 
 not of a kind that would give promise of a thoroughly satisfactory 
 child. 
 
 It was on account of the demand for “the visualization of knowlfi 
 edge ’ 7 about babies that the Better Babies Conferences sprungy 
 into such universal favor. At such conferences, conducted in a man-' 
 ner which imposes no hardship upon the child, expert physicians 
 pass upon the physical and mental standing of individual babies,' 
 employing scientific methods in reaching their conclusions. The 
 methods are exact and the parent is rewarded for a little effort by 
 a definite opinion of his child’s good points and his shortcomings. 
 This opinion is given in terms that are “standardized”—that is, the 
 contests conducted throughout the nation are so generally uniform 
 that the scoring in one locality has its value in other localities! 
 Further, the baby contest, aside from its practical value, bringS 
 into play the natural parental pride, the spirit of friendly rivalry 
 and the interest of all persons directly or indirectly connected with 
 the contestants. 
 
 Perhaps greater than the value to the individual child is the 
 benefit to the child yet unborn and to child life as a whole—the cen¬ 
 tering of intelligent interest in children and in their sane and ra¬ 
 tional development. 
 
 Object i 
 
 The Better Babies Contest is a popular yet scientific movement 
 to insure better babies and a better race. Physical and mental de¬ 
 velopment only are considered: mere beauty does not count. 
 
 The Better Babies Contest makes for a better race of Americans 
 because it teaches parents how to improve the physical condition ojf 
 children already born and to protect those yet unborn. 
 
 It arouses interest in the conservation of child life and 
 and in all forms of child welfare work. 
 
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 It forges a connecting link between parents and teachers, be¬ 
 tween the home and scientific study of child life. 
 
 It promotes civic interest in children of the community, their 
 schools and their recreations. 
 
 And, finally, by means of a uniform score card it will supply to 
 the medical profession what has long been wanting,—scientific data 
 'concerning the normal child. 
 
 The Better Babies Contest is most valuable to the community 
 when it is conducted along educational rather than competitive lines. 
 The greatest return which parents and children secure from the 
 contest is more knowledge and better care through the examination 
 of the child by competent physicians. 
 
 Parents leave the contest knowing more about their children 
 than they ever knew before and the children are given a better start 
 in life because of the knowledge gained by the parents. If this mat¬ 
 ter can be brought clearly before the parents and if children are en¬ 
 tered not for prizes but for information and help the contest will 
 be placed on the highest possible plane. 
 
 We, therefore, urge that no prizes of cash or merchandise be 
 given but that the money which would be spent for this purpose be 
 used for installing an educational exhibit or in doing some infant 
 and child welfare work in the community. The medals and certifi¬ 
 cates presented are highly prized by the parents and will draw a 
 large number of entries. 
 
 Better Baby Conferences can be effectively carried out in a 
 small way by a half dozen people quietly working through some in¬ 
 terested organization or they can be made the center of a welfare 
 lovement in which hundreds of persons can have a part. In coll¬ 
 ection with the scoring contests can be held exhibits, lectures, 
 Lotion picture shows, sermons, demonstrations and educational 
 1 fork looking toward permanent welfare organization. For the 
 , community in which there has never been inaugurated systematic 
 and organized public health and social service work nothing makes 
 a more stimulating appeal to the public or a sounder foundation 
 v for later activitv than contests of this kind. 
 
 The scoring contest may be made the nucleus of a welfare cam¬ 
 paign which may be broadened to include all problems of children 
 up to six years of age; the better care of women before and at con¬ 
 finement (since the welfare of babies can not well be separated from 
 the welfare of their mothers) ; proper birth registration and what 
 it means to the baby as well as the community; the prevention of 
 blindness ; child labor legislation, the midwife problem, etc., etc. 
 
 A baby conference can be conducted by a woman’s club with 
 volunteer services from physicians and nurses or it can embrace 
 sc ores of active organizations working together for weeks in a project 
 community-wide in character. Any baby contest, large or small, can 
 be successful if it is carefully planned, backed by popular organ¬ 
 izations and carried out with system. Whether it be large or small, 
 however, to guarantee success, every detail must be carefully worked 
 out and all complications and difficulties must be anticipated. 
 
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 The plan given here is merely suggestive. It can be elaborated 
 or simplified to suit the needs of any particular community. 
 
 . ' Organization 
 
 The Better Baby Conference, to be successful, should be given 
 under the auspices of some organization interested in the public 
 health and community welfare; but it should have the support and 
 cooperation of all agencies interested in child welfare work as well 
 as those interested in community betterment. The contest should 
 be made to appeal to all classes, colors and creeds. In it social 
 lines should not appear nor should it in any way savor of the patron¬ 
 age of the poorer classes by those more fortunately situated. As in 
 all other features of public health work rich and poor are upon the 
 same plane and are of equal importance. 
 
 In perfecting the organization the list should be headed by the 
 mavor and other citv officials. Both the district and the local, 
 health superintendent should be consulted and should be asked to 
 take an important part. Their official cooperation may mean much 
 to the enterprise, as may that of the county medical society and the 
 physicians of the community. Cooperation and support should be 
 secured from the woman’s club, the churches, school teachers, par¬ 
 ents or patrons’ clubs, nurses’ associations, the charity organizations 
 and social settlements, the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., the camp¬ 
 fire girls and the boy scouts, labor unions and fraternal organiza¬ 
 tions. The newspapers should be urged to give their cordial sup¬ 
 port. In most communities in which contests have been held they 
 have proven the livest sort of news for the local press. The cliambe 
 of commerce or such other league of business men as there may 1 
 in the community will usually endorse the contest and, not n 
 frequently, will assist in financing it. 
 
 If the presidents or representatives of all of these organizations 
 will serve as members of an honorary committee the force of the 
 movement will be greatly increased; but practical experience indi¬ 
 cates that such an honorary committee must not be relied upon for a 
 great part of the actual work of the undertaking. 
 
 In communities in which many of these organizations do not 
 exist it is still possible to carry on successful contests. The orgai - 
 izations that do exist can be banded together and the town with 
 cooperating churches, woman’s club and newspaper has the nucleus 
 for a strong better baby movement. 
 
 One of the great benefits to be derived from the contest is the 
 fact that it may bring together so many organizations and individ¬ 
 uals in the community for a common aim and that aim such a vitally 
 important one. 
 
 The Appointment of an Efficient Executive Committee is 
 the first and one of the most important steps in launching a Better 
 Baby Conference. This committee should be made up of individuals 
 who can secure the cooperation of other agencies. They should plan 
 all of the details and direct all arrangements before and during the 
 
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 ontest. They should appoint all other committees (or committee 
 chairmen) and have general oversight of the work of all commit¬ 
 tees. ' * 
 
 The executive committee should have permanent headquarters 
 c ent rally located and open to inquiries by mail or telephone for some 
 time (usually for two or three weeks) before the contest. 
 
 The Number and Size of Committees must depend upon the 
 scope of the plan. Under the executive committee there should be 
 a committee on place and equipment, a publicity committee, a regis- 
 rration or entries committee, an examining and scoring committee, a 
 committee on awards, a committee on exhibits and demonstrations, a 
 committee on lectures and a committee on follow-up work. This 
 committee on follow-up work will have much to do with the estab¬ 
 lishment of permanent child welfare work in the community, if that 
 is contemplated, or with the comparative ratings of babies if it is 
 planned to hold the contest from year to year with the same babies 
 undergoing subsequent examinations. 
 
 Sometimes a committee on finance and a committee on infor- 
 nation, or an information bureau, are added to the foregoing com¬ 
 mittees. 
 
 Much of the success of any contest depends upon the care 
 with which committees are chosen. There is no question but that 
 the names of prominent people connected with the project will prove 
 beneficial; but it must be remembered that many persons will “lend 
 their names” to such a project without giving anything else. Bear 
 n mind that mere names do not work. 
 
 In elaborate contests connected with extensive child welfare 
 campaigns, the salary of an experienced director may be a wise ex¬ 
 penditure. 
 
 Time and Place 
 
 The Baby Conference which is held during a county fair and 
 takes place in the woman’s building at the fair grounds has a dis- 
 ' met advantage in time and place. The crowds of people gathering 
 there from town and country and the great interest in “prize win¬ 
 ners*’ of all kinds will add popularity to the movement. 
 
 Then, too, the conference held during the fair presents an op¬ 
 portunity to reach hundreds of farm babies who could not be reached 
 at any other time,or place and to whom the advantages of the con¬ 
 ference are invaluable. 
 
 If it is impracticable to hold the conference in connection with 
 some established gathering of people, such as a fair or Chautauqua, it 
 may be successfully carried out in a suite of rooms in an office build¬ 
 ing, in the parlors of a hotel, in a parish or settlement house, in the 
 auditorium of a school building, in a church or club, or in the Y. W. 
 C. A. ' 
 
 The Place Selected must be well heated, lighted and venti¬ 
 lated, with every convenience for the health and comfort of babies. 
 Nothing can be more tragic than to have such a contest, designed for 
 
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6 
 
 the welfare and betterment of infants, result in the illness or deatii 
 of a child, due to the lack of care or foresight of those behind it. 
 
 Tents are not satisfactory under ordinary circumstances on ac- 
 count of lack of conveniences and sanitary facilities. Tents are very 
 hot in midsummer and are apt to be damp in inclement weather. 
 
 The Scoring Should Be Done during the morning and early 
 afternoon—never at night. The examinations should be made in 
 private, only the mother, the nurse, the scorer and the examiner be¬ 
 ing present. 
 
 At least thirty minutes should be allowed for the complete exam¬ 
 ination of each child and the committee on registration should ap¬ 
 point a definite hour for each child. It is brutal to have mothers and 
 babies waiting for long periods of time for examination. 
 
 In order to save time and prevent confusion mothers should b3 
 requested not to bring their children before the hour 'designated, 
 but to be very prompt at the appointed time. It is unjust to the 
 child to examine him when he is tired and fretful. 
 
 The publicity committee may find it desirable to hold a pnbli: 
 examination in order to arouse interest and educate the people 
 as to the value of examinations. If the rooms are not so arranged 
 that the ordinary examinations may be seen from without, (as sug¬ 
 gested in the following paragraph), the demonstration should be 
 given some public place in plain view but at some distance from the 
 audience and each step of the process should be carefully explained. 
 
 L. 
 
 Rooms and Equipment 
 
 The Scoring Committee will find it almost necessary to have 
 at least four rooms at their disposal, one of which should be small 
 and may be separated from the others. In elaborate contests it 
 may be found practicable to have one large room divided into 
 smaller rooms with glass partitions. By allowing broad passages 
 between these compartments spectators may view the examination 
 from outside and without interfering with the work of the ex¬ 
 aminers. If such a plan is carried out the floors in the passages 
 should be deadened and the partitions should be substantial so that 
 the examining rooms may be kept quiet. Curtains should be pro¬ 
 vided so that the glass may be covered when desired or when the 
 crowd of spectators becomes too large. 
 
 The Reception Room where contestants are received and where 
 they await the call to the examining room should be large enough fo 
 comfortably accommodate twenty-five mothers and babies. 
 
 It should be: Light and airy. 
 
 Scrupulously clean. 
 
 Comfortable chairs and cots. 
 
 Cool water and individual water cups. 
 
 Large paper bags for babies’ clothes. 
 
 Pins. 
 
 Towels. 
 
 Large squares of cotton flannel. 
 
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Entries committee should be located near the reception room, 
 with tables, blanks and stationery. This committee should be on 
 hand all through the contest to enter the babies and start them on 
 their rounds and to give necessary information to interested per¬ 
 sons. 
 
 The Koom for Mental Tests should be quiet and free from in¬ 
 terruption. (If possible have several of these small rooms, each 
 with its examiner.) Only the parent and physician should be pres¬ 
 ent for this test. The room should be furnished with a couple of 
 chairs, a table and the special articles employed in the test, such as 
 t<>ys, pictures and mirror. 
 
 Tile Third Room is used for weighing and measuring. It should 
 be large enough to accommodate three examiners and three nurses. 
 
 Each physician should be supplied w T ith a: 
 
 Table. 
 
 Accuratelv tested scales. 
 
 Weighing pads. 
 
 A measuring board. 
 
 A pair of calipers or pelvimeter. 
 
 Xew linen tape measures. 
 
 Steel tape line. 
 
 Plenty of tissue paper. 
 
 A dermographor. 
 
 Flesh pencil (for marking measurements). 
 
 Pen and ink (for marking score cards). 
 
 The measuring board should be 4 feet long with stationary head 
 and a footpiece which slides in a grove behind the scale. 
 
 The Fourth Room is for general examination and should be 
 large enough to accommodate four or five physicians. Each should 
 be supplied with a table and chair, stethoscope, wooden tongue de¬ 
 pressors, flashlights, cotton, and other necessary articles. 
 
 In every room there should be running Water, if possible. If 
 running water is not available, there should be an abundant supply 
 of pure water with plenty of paper towels and, placed conveniently 
 for each examiner, there should be a bowl of antiseptic solution pre¬ 
 pared according to the direction of the physician in charge. 
 
 One of the lessons which the conference is supposed to teach 
 and one which can never be repeated too often in any form of public 
 health work is that of absolute cleanliness. Soap, water and paper 
 towels should be much in evidence and all hands should be washed 
 a 'ter handling one baby and before turning attention to another. 
 
 In one room provision should be made for sterilizing instru¬ 
 ments. There should be roomv and convenient toilet facilities. A 
 refrigerator and a nearby sleeping room will be found of advantage. 
 A check room is absolutely necessary. 
 
 If requested, physicians or surgical supply houses will usually 
 loan much if not all of the necessary equipment. Department stores 
 will be glad to furnish other necessary articles for any of the rooms. 
 
If the Contest Management is not pressed for funds money 
 should be spent freely to attain scrupulous cleanliness. Where pos¬ 
 sible the woodwork should be of white with high glass linish; the 
 floors, unless of hard wood and perfect, should be covered with lino¬ 
 leum in light colors and simple design; sash curtains, if employed, 
 should be of plain material and freshly laundered; all persous com¬ 
 ing in contact with the babies should wear gowns covering their 
 street clothing or frocks of wash material. A soiled apron or neg¬ 
 lected finger nails on the part of a nurse or examiner may undo the 
 benefits of a thousand wise sayings and a score of high-sounding lec¬ 
 tures. 
 
 Equipment, furniture, instruments and utensils should be new 
 or newly enameled or polished. Pans and dishes should be of white 
 enamel. 
 
 A 25 cent can of white paint will cause a deal table to preach a 
 sermon on cleanliness. 
 
 Behind the appearance of cleanliness, however, there should be 
 real cleanliness, which means soap, scrubbing brushes and hard 
 work. 
 
 Publicity 
 
 No Part of a successful Better Baby Conference is more im¬ 
 portant than the advertising. The plans and purpose of the con¬ 
 ference should be published as widely and as often as possible by 
 means of posters, handbills, motion pictures, newspaper articles and 
 announcements in public gatherings. Of all forms of publicity none 
 is so important as the public press, and newspaper cooperation must 
 be obtained. If the committee prepares special child welfare stories 
 in good newspaper form, the papers will not refuse them and they 
 have permanent educational value. It may be well to have a news¬ 
 paper woman on the publicity committee to prepare this material. 
 
 If the conference is to be held at the county fair the official 
 bulletins and the premium lists should announce it. 
 
 Notices of the date and object of the conference should be given 
 in churches, schools and clubs. Popular lectures or short talks 
 before almost any public gatherings will stimulate interest in the 
 conference and at the same time present an opportunity for giving- 
 instructive hints to parents. Slides for the movie houses and five 
 minute speakers. 
 
 In rural communities the distribution of announcements from 
 some central place, preferably the post office, is an excellent way to 
 get the information into every household. 
 
 In giving out information for newspaper or for other publicity 
 purposes it is always better to furnish written “copy,” and such 
 copy should always be handled by the same person or committee. 
 The reporters should be notified as to what person is the official 
 spokesman of the conference. 
 
 At times, in communities where public health and welfare work 
 have not been done, newspapers expect to carry conference publici ty 
 
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 as paid advertising matter. If it is brought to the attention of the 
 edi tor or publisher that such space and publicity are invariably con¬ 
 tributed to the cause throughout the length and breadth of the na- 
 tio a the newspapers will readily fall in with the plan. 
 
 As a matter of fact newspapers earn their existence by the sale 
 of their space and the demands upon them from charitable and phil¬ 
 anthropic agencies are enormous. Child welfare, however, like 
 tuberculosis, never fails to obtain their support. Without the news¬ 
 papers the enormous progress of the past few years in the conserva¬ 
 tion of child life could never have been accomplished. 
 
 No Line of Publicity is more important than the adoption of 
 a special community slogan for the conference. Dozens of short, 
 well-phrased expressions have been successfully used in different 
 towns and may be borrowed; but if something individual and unique 
 can be found for your town, so much the better. “Better Babies for 
 Bigger Burlington/’ “Save the Babies and the Men Will Take Care 
 of Themselves,” “Healthier Babies are Wealthier Babies,” “The 
 Healthy Baby is the Happy Baby,” “Better Air, Better Fare, Bet¬ 
 ter' Care for Every Baby,”-“Baby Health, Nation’s Wealth,” “Baby 
 Health—Civic Wealth,” “Let’s Make a Better Nation by Baby Con¬ 
 servation,” “The Best for Baby,” are some suggestions. If a prize 
 is offered for the best slogan it will stimulate interest and make 
 good newspaper material. 
 
 Having selected your slogan it should be used over and over 
 again till it “gets” the public by force of repetition. Put it on win¬ 
 dow cards with an attractive baby’s picture; use it on banners; print 
 it on the contest score cards and application blanks ; paste it on 
 billboards; distribute it on handbills and repeat it in newspaper 
 headlines. Ask your local artist to draw or paint a smiling baby 
 and have cuts made from the picture; reproduce on all letterheads, 
 bul letins and circulars; this is attractive and effective publicity. 
 
 Adopt conference colors (baby blue and white are always pop¬ 
 ular) and use them in banners and other decorations. 
 
 Sometimes celluloid buttons bearing the slogan are good ad¬ 
 vertising but they are expensive and only successful when thou¬ 
 sands of them are used. 
 
 Registration 
 
 The Registration or Entries Committee is charged with a 
 very important part of the work. It should have at least ten mem¬ 
 bers, people with influence and executive ability who will work con¬ 
 tinuously, for it is their duty to interest women in* the contest and 
 persuade them to enter their babies. They decide upon the classes 
 of entries and the division of prizes. They must receive all appli¬ 
 cations for admission to the contest and assign them in the various 
 divisions. They appoint the time for each examination and notify 
 the parents of the day and hour. 
 
 Different aged children should be examined on different days or 
 at different hours. It greatly simplifies the work for all concerned 
 if the babies of one age division are all examined at one time. 
 
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 They must announce through the newspapers the date of the 
 contest and just when applications for entrance will be received at 
 headquarters. 
 
 They must state the age limit on entries and the hour at which 
 the lists will be closed. One or two members of this committee 
 should be constantly in attendance during the contest and should 
 be able to explain to parents the details of the examination which 
 the baby is to undergo. 
 
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 Scoring 
 
 The Members of the Scoring Committee must be prepared to 
 give much time to the work. They must be accurate and quick in 
 filling score cards and recording the findings of the examiners. For 
 the average contest there should be at least twenty scorers. One 
 person should be in charge of the scorers and it is very important 
 that the scorers become perfectly familiar with the score card and 
 the method of using it before the contest begins. This may require 
 several meetings and conferences. 
 
 The Selection of Physicians and Nurses for making the ex¬ 
 aminations is most important. There must be the right number for 
 each day, and when an unusual number of examinations are to be 
 made each examiner should have an assistant. 
 
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 If possible there should be specialists for the different lines? of 
 work; a psychiatrist to make the mental test; an eye, ear, nose and 
 throat specialist; a dentist; several physicians for the physical ex¬ 
 aminations; trained nurses to make measurements and act as dress¬ 
 ing room assistants. Local physicians and nurses are usually glad 
 to do this work and as there should be at least one examiner for 
 each ten entries it is possible to use as many of them as are willing 
 to serve. 
 
 All examiners should understand the necessity of being prompt 
 at their appointments. Failure to do so will disarrange the entire 
 schedule of examinations and be unfair to all concerned. 
 
 If a “dress rehearsal” can be held a few days before the con¬ 
 test, with examiners and scorers in attendance, much time may be 
 saved and confusion avoided. 
 
 The Committee on Prizes decides the number and value of 
 prizes, medals, certificates and ribbons and arranges for the formal 
 presentation of all premiums at the close of the contest. 
 
 Merchants, banks, organizations and prominent citizens are 
 usually glad to donate the prizes required. The prizes may be as sim¬ 
 ple or elaborate as seems desirable. As a rule it is better to have 
 premiums of such character that they may be preserved for many 
 years. Silver cups, suitably inscribed, prove most satisfactory. 
 
 The committee should bear in mind constantly that receiving a 
 prize at a Better Baby Conference is a matter of the utmost interest 
 to parents. This parental pride is an important and valuable fac¬ 
 tor not only in the success of the Conference but in the results to be 
 derived from it. 
 
11 
 
 Iii connection with the giving of prizes to Better Babies a very 
 interesting and unique feature is the prize contest in which mothers 
 may compete for the best answers to a series of questions on the care 
 of the baby. 
 
 Exhibits and Demonstrations 
 
 While Exhibits and Demonstrations are not necessarily a 
 part of a scoring contest they can be so easily associated with it and 
 are of such educational value that the opportunity should not be 
 lost. A good child welfare exhibit, no matter how simple, illustrat¬ 
 ing local conditions and the work of local organizations, if placed 
 near the rooms where the contest is being held, will prove a very 
 popular feature. If possible members of the exhibits committee 
 should serve as guides or lecturers at the exhibit, and distribute cir¬ 
 culars. 
 
 A demonstration which never fails to attract attention and 
 interest is that of bathing and dressing the baby. This should be 
 carried out by a graduate nurse. Life-sized manikins of the baby 
 may be used in the demonstration. Local merchants are usually glad 
 to lend clothing, tubs, towels and other equipment for this exhibi¬ 
 tion ; they consider it splendid advertising. 
 
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 A program of public meetings to be held in connection with the 
 exhibit will arouse community interest in child welfare. The num¬ 
 ber and scope of such meetings should be determined by the local 
 need. In some communities a mass meeting at the close of the con¬ 
 test with speeches by the mayor and other prominent citizens will 
 fo us all the efforts of the contest and result in the establishment of 
 permanent welfare work of some sort. 
 
 In some communities several meetings of this kind, with formal 
 lectures on child welfare and kindred subjects are necessary before 
 people can be aroused to the need of permanent work. Lectures and 
 demonstrations might be given on pure milk, the proper preparation 
 of infant foods, the arrangement of sleeping quarters; talks on home 
 hygiene, supervised play, sanitary clothing and toys, the prevention 
 of infant mortality, children’s stories, the conditions under which 
 children work, school inspection, the health of parents and kindred 
 subjects. 
 
 Motion pictures effectively illustrating these subjects and many 
 others can be rented at reasonable rates from film agencies or 
 obtained from public health organizations. As a result of Better 
 Baby Conference and the educational exhibits shown with it many 
 communities become interested enough to undertake fly-exterminat¬ 
 ing and clean-up campaigns, law enforcement in regard to birth and 
 death registration, reporting and quarantine of contagious diseases, 
 milk inspection, anti-spitting ordinance, frequent water analyses and 
 other features of public health activity. 
 
 The committee on exhibits should encourage local merchants to 
 give their show windows over to the display of appropriate baby 
 
 
furnishings. Almost every kind of business, from hardware to jew¬ 
 elry, handles something for the baby and the enterprising merchant 
 is glad to make use of the advertising possibilities of the contest. 
 
 The Special Committee for Follow-Up Work, if there should 
 be one, should undertake the task of establishing permanent welfare 
 stations, open-air schools, playgrounds and other agencies for the im¬ 
 provement of babies as the natural outgrowth of the interest created 
 by the contest. 
 
 The particular needs of the community will determine the direc¬ 
 tion of the follow-up work. Practical suggestions are: clean-up 
 week, in which sanitation and beautification of the community are 
 brought home to the public; the importance of regular milk inspec¬ 
 tion; the dangers of the fly; the necessity for obedience to quarantine 
 regulations; visiting nurses and free medical advice available to 
 those who need it; the application of the mothers’ pension law; 
 medical inspection of schools; nutritional work and hot lunches in 
 the school; the enforcement of birth registration laws and tuberculin 
 tests for cattle; providing for all victims of infantile paralysis op¬ 
 portunity for proper after-care; the employment of a full-time health 
 officer, etc. It is never wise to undertake too many new lines of 
 work, but the outcome of a better baby conference should be some 
 community betterment and a great good can be accomplished if 1 he 
 enthusiasm is directed toward the right ends—or toward one much- 
 needed end. 
 
 The plan of holding a second contest six months or a year later 
 which shall be an “improvement contest” may be adopted by this 
 committee—in which case, records of all examinations and tests 
 should be carefully filed away. Occasional reminders should be sent 
 to parents urging the continuation of baby’s improvement, or a sim¬ 
 ple monthly report of the baby’s condition might be requested by 
 the committee. Six months or a year later (the date to be announced 
 by the committee at the time of original contest) an invitation or 
 notice should be sent to all former contestants. The children should 
 be examined and tested as carefully as the first time. After com¬ 
 parison of the old and new records prizes should be awarded to the 
 children showing the greatest improvement in weight, in general 
 condition and in growth. 
 
 Procedure 
 
 When the Better Baby Conference Organization Is Com¬ 
 pleted there should be a meeting of all committees and the general 
 plan should be discussed. Each member of each committee should 
 be made to clearly understand just what is expected of him. To 
 centralize responsibility it is perhaps better to charge the committee 
 chairmen with the duty of instructing the members of their own 
 committees. In this case the chairman should be kept in const ant 
 and close touch with the central or executive committee. 
 
 There should be at least one general meeting of the committees 
 and representatives of all cooperating agencies at which the com- 
 
13 
 
 plete plan is fully explained by some one familiar with it. Even 
 those who take no active part should know enough about the confer¬ 
 ence to talk about it intelligently. 
 
 After Dates and details are settled the publicity committee 
 should bring the whole project to the people through the newspapers. 
 The dates for the actual contest should be determined well in ad¬ 
 vance and the public should be advised as to the dates between which 
 app] ications for entry will be received. The date for closing entries 
 should be long enough before the contest to give the committee a 
 definite knowledge of the number of contestants so that proper ar¬ 
 rangements may be made for them. Nothing is more unfortunate 
 than to have scores of fretful babies received at the last moment, 
 with inadequate provision for their care. 
 
 Application Blanks and score cards should be provided and the 
 applications should all be received in regular form. Specimen 
 blanks will be found in these pages and the blanks themselves may 
 be obtained upon application to the State Board of Health. 
 
 The application should be filed according to the classes of en¬ 
 tries, as follows: 
 
 Classes of Entries 
 
 Class I. Boys 6 to 12 months. 
 
 Class II. 'Girls 6 to 12 months. 
 
 Class III. Boys 12 to 24 months. 
 
 Class IV. Girls 12 to 24 months. 
 
 Class V. Boys 24 to 36 months. 
 
 Class VI. Girls 24 to 36 months. 
 
 If desirable other classes of entries may be for: 
 
 Class VII. Boys 3 to 4 years. 
 
 Class VIII. Girls 3 to 4 years. 
 
 Class IX. Boys 4 to 5 years. 
 
 Class X. Girls 4 to 5 years. 
 
 In some cases these classes are subdivided into groups of babies 
 of (a) rural communities and (b) cities; all communities showing- 
 more than 2,000 population being classed as cities. 
 
 In addition to these class contests there will also be sweepstake 
 and championship contests held among the successful initial con¬ 
 testants, as follows: 
 
 Sweepstakes: Highest scoring boy, any age; highest scoring 
 girl, any age. 
 
 Championship: Highest scoring child, any age. 
 
 Grand Merit Prize : Child showing greatest percentage of im¬ 
 provement in score since previous contest. 
 
 Conducting the Contest 
 
 On the Day of the Contest the baby is brought at the hour 
 designated for that particular child and is received by someone act¬ 
 ing for the registration committee. 
 
14 
 
 When the enrollment has been properly made the nurse in 
 charge makes a hasty examination for symptoms of contagious dis¬ 
 ease, AND AT ONCE EXCLUDES' ANY RABIES WITH COLDS, RASH, COUGH IN¬ 
 FLAMED EYES OR PHYSICAL ABNORMALITIES THAT WOULD NATURALLY DIS¬ 
 QUALIFY THEM. 
 
 This is a Most Important Point. Failure to have such an ex¬ 
 amination made may be responsible for an epidemic touching hun¬ 
 dreds of children. 
 
 The baby is given a numbered tag which is tied around his wrist. 
 
 In the dressing room, the baby’s outer wraps are removed and 
 placed in a paper bag bearing his number. In the reception room 
 the registration (or entries) committee fills out duplicate applica¬ 
 tion blanks, unless this has been done at the headquarters before the 
 opening of the contest. One card remains on file with the commit¬ 
 tee, and the other is handed to the mother. 
 
 BETTER BABIES CONFERENCE APPLICATION AND 
 
 APPOINTMENT BLANK 
 
 (One copy to be given to the mother, and the other to be retained 
 
 by the committee.) 
 
 
 Entry number. 
 
 .Class. 
 
 Name of organization.... 
 
 
 Date of contest. 
 
 
 Name of child. 
 
 
 Address. 
 
 
 Age in months. 
 
 .:.Sex. 
 
 Entered by. 
 
 
 Address. 
 
 
 Appointment. 
 
 . Time. Place. 
 
 Enrollment made by. 
 
 
 
 REGISTRATION COMMITTEE. 
 
 Duplicate to be presented by mother at 
 
 
 .and. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Place. 
 
 The blank written in duplicate with carbon paper will pre¬ 
 clude the possibility of errors in copying, the mother presenting an 
 actual carbon copy of the original blank. 
 
 After the Application is completed a scorer questions mother 
 and fills out the first section of the score card. Official score cards 
 will be sent on application to The State Department of Public 
 Health. 
 
 I.—Mental and Development Tests 
 
 Mother and Child are then sent to the examiner who makes 
 the mental test; she carries the baby's score card to be filled out by 
 the examiner. 
 
 c 
 
15 
 
 B> repeated trials it has been found that one person can make 
 the mental tests as rapidly as two take measurements and three or 
 four give the physical examination. 
 
 The mental test, which is designed only for the purpose of dis¬ 
 covering whether the baby is actually mentally deficient, may be 
 made t y . psychologist or kindergartner if a physician is not avail¬ 
 able. 
 
 Tactfulness, patience and familiarity with children are more 
 important than professional training. The test should be made 
 informally, in a quiet room and before the child is tired or nervous. 
 
 The examiner should mark X after each test in which the child 
 fails; every X means a penalty, so where there are no defects, the 
 score is left blank. Examiners do not compute scores—this is the 
 work of the scoring committee. 
 
 This test need take only live to ten minutes. When it is finished 
 the baby is carried to the reception room and undressed. The bag 
 holding his clothing is numbered and checked, the baby is wrapped 
 in a square of cotton flannel and carried to the physical examination 
 room. 
 
 II.—Physical Examination 
 
 (Again the scorer marks X for each defect but does not com¬ 
 plete the score.) 
 
 A Quick and Accurate Scorer is a great help to the physician 
 giving the physical examination. It can be done rapidly and at the 
 same time thoroughly if the scorer, seated at one end of the table, 
 calls out in turn the tests to be made and fills out the score card 
 as the physician handling the baby announces his findings. 
 
 What Constitutes a Defect 
 
 In order that the findings of different physicians may be more 
 nearly equal the following suggestions are offered for use with the 
 score bard. 
 
 Features. Do not penalize except for marked irregularity, 
 such as unusual depression in bridge of nose, receding or projecting 
 chin, or receding forehead. 
 
 Dead. Penalize for abnormal size in proportion to the rest of 
 the body. The shape may indicate rickets or hydrocephalus. Ex¬ 
 amine carefully for soft spots indicating nutritional disorders. 
 
 Hair and Scalp. Penalize for milk crust, scabs, scaling or any 
 eruption. A bald spot on the back of the head or brittle hair indi¬ 
 cates nutritional disease. Penalize for dirty or dandruffy scalp. Do 
 not penalize the child under 1 year for scanty hair. 
 
 Fontanel. Do not penalize for delayed closure except in child 
 over eighteen months of age. 
 
 Xeck. Do not penalize minute glands. Penalize scars result¬ 
 ing from discharging sinus, eruption and following trauma. 
 
16 
 
 Chest. Do not penalize for barrel sliapped.chest under one year 
 of age. Penalize for markedly depressed sternum, for soft ribs 
 (bending in during inspiration) and for rales of any kind. If in 
 stethoscopic examination faulty breathing or heart murmurs are dis¬ 
 covered the mother should be advised to take the baby to her physi¬ 
 cian for thorough examination. 
 
 Back. Penalize for any curvature in the spine—lordosis, ky¬ 
 phosis, or scoliosis. 
 
 Abdomen. Penalize for abnormal distension. Sometimes meas¬ 
 urement is necessary to determine whether a protruberance is ab¬ 
 normal. Penalize for rupture of the navel or at the groin. 
 
 Arms and Hands. Penalize for asymmetry (indicating nutri¬ 
 tional disturbances). The proper length should be determined by 
 putting both arms close to the sides. Will the ends of the fingers 
 come two-thirds of the way down the thigh bone when arms and 
 fingers are forcibly straightened? Look for flabby muscles in fat 
 children as well as in thin. Penalize for nail defects caused by 
 onychia and syphilis, and for brittle or bitten nails. 
 
 Genitalia. Penalize for any discharge. Vaginitis is quite 
 common. Adherent prepuce should not be penalized unless redund¬ 
 ant or inflammation is present. 
 
 Legs and Feet. Penalize for'flabby muscles, bow legs, knock- 
 knees, curvature of thigh bones, enlarged epiphyses from any cause 
 and for flat feet after eighteen months. 
 
 Posture and Gait. Examine in sitting posture up to eighteen 
 months of age. Do not penalize for gait until after the eighteenth 
 month. 
 
 Skin. Do not penalize for small insignificant birth marks, 
 moles or bruises caused by minor accidents. Penalize for eruption 
 of any kind, even though very slight, and for scratches resulting 
 from attempts to relieve an eruption. Bough hands and cheeks due 
 to outdoor life should not be penalized unless excessive. Excessive 
 hair on arms, legs, back or chest should be penalized, as should pal¬ 
 lor from anemia. 
 
 Nutrition. A child is abnormally “thin” when he appears so 
 poorly nourished as to attract attention. He is abnormally “fat” 
 when he is overburdened with fat and lacks strength to stand and 
 walk easily. 
 
 III.—Oral ancT Dental 
 
 (To be given by dentist if possible.) 
 
 The Examiner should be provided with a pocket flask ight, 
 headlight and such instruments as he considers necessary for simple 
 examinations. 
 
 Mouth. Penalize for bleeding, swollen or spongy gums, or any 
 form of stomatitis, gingivitis or inflammation. Penalize for coated 
 or enlarged tongue. 
 
IT 
 
 Teeth. Do not penalize under eight months for delayed denti¬ 
 tion. i child should have: 
 
 S teeth at 1 year 16 teeth at 18 months 
 
 12 teeth at 16 months 20 teeth at 2 y 2 years 
 
 IV.—Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat 
 
 (This examination should be made by a specialist.) 
 
 Eves. Penalize for pale mucous membranes resulting from 
 anemia. Do not penalize for abnormal position of eyes showing 
 merely racial traits. Abnormally shaped, defective or inflamed lids 
 should be penalized. 
 
 Ears. Do not penalize for abnormal shape except when so 
 marked as to indicate a neurotic tendency. Protruding or discharg¬ 
 ing ears should always be penalized. 
 
 Nose. Penalize for obstructed breathing with the mouth closed 
 and for discharge from the nose. Except for children under one year 
 old a depressed bridge caused by nasal obstruction and diseased 
 cartilage or bone should be penalized. 
 
 Throat. .Examine every throat with a pocket flashlight. Pen¬ 
 alize for diseased or enlarged tonsils. If the physician suspects the 
 presence of adenoids he should make an examination with the finger. 
 
 The baby is now taken to the measuring room. 
 
 */ o 
 
 / 
 
 V.—Measurements 
 
 There Should be at least two physicians (or nurses) and two 
 scorers to make these tests. It saves time if one person does all the 
 weighing and another all the measuring. 
 
 Have the room well lighted and the equipment conveniently 
 placed. 
 
 It is most important that all measurements shall be exact and 
 examiners must expect to do some remeasuring and weighing to in¬ 
 sure accurate results. If examiners are careless or hurried their 
 figures will probably be challenged, in which case the chairman of 
 the scoring committee should recall the child and measurements 
 should be taken a second time. 
 
 In comparing actual measurements with the standard measure¬ 
 ments examiners should make allowance for nervousness and rest¬ 
 lessness in the baby and penalize only for the following variations 
 from standard, either above or below: 
 
 One-half inch in height. 
 
 One and one-half pounds in weight. 
 
 One-fourth inch circumference of head. 
 
 One-half inch circumference of chest. 
 
 One-half inch circumference of abdomen. 
 
 One-half inch antero-posterior or lateral diameter of chest. 
 
 One-half inch arm or leg measurement. 
 
 If the height of the child varies more than one-half inch from 
 the standard for his age he is penalized on height. In this case, 
 
18 
 
 however, the height is accepted to indicate the age in the rest ‘ tin 
 weight and measurement tests. That is, if a child of nine mont hs is 
 below height for nine months, he is penalized for height, but is car¬ 
 ried for the rest of the test at the age to which his height corre¬ 
 sponds. Hence, a 9-months-old child with the height of an 8-months 
 old child may score 80 per cent provided he conforms to all other 
 standards for an 8-months-old child. 
 
 Height. The child under two years must be measured lying- 
 down on the measuring board. His back should be flat against the 
 board, his head exactly touching the head board in an easy position 
 and his feet against the movable foot piece. After two years of age 
 a child’s height should be taken standing. Set the measuring board 
 on end, stand the child erect on the head piece, the back of his head,, 
 trunk and heels touching the board, then adjust the sliding board to 
 the top of his head. (One and one-half inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Circumference of Head. Place the tape firmly about the larg¬ 
 est part of the head, the protruberances in back and front. (One- 
 fourth inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Circumference of Chest. Measure at the nipple line. (One- 
 half inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Circumference of Abdomen. Measure at the navel line, with 
 tape held easy. (One-lialf inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Lateral Diameter of Chest. Measure with pelvimeter at nip¬ 
 ple line. With fat children the instrument should be pressed closely 
 to the ribs. (One-half inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Lateral Diameter of Chest from Front to Back. Measure 
 with pelvimeter at nipple line. (One-half inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Length of Arm. Measure from the tip of the acromion to the 
 end of the middle finger when the arm is held close to the side with 
 elbow and fingers straight. (One-half inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Length of Leg. Measure infants under two years lying down, 
 over two years standing. Measure from the tip of the greater tro¬ 
 chanter to bottom of foot. (One-lialf inch variation allowed.) 
 
 Weight. One and one-lialf pounds variation from standard al¬ 
 lowed. 
 
 When the Examination has been completed the mother leaves 
 the score card with the scoring committee, who complete the total 
 score. At the close of the contest time enough must be allowed for 
 careful computation of all scores before the names of the prize win¬ 
 ners are sent to the committee on prizes. 
 
 The five highest scoring babies in each class should be re-exam¬ 
 ined if it is possible. Sometimes it is necessary to verify details, 
 especially in the mental test, if several scores are very close. 
 
 To the mothers whose babies have scored verv low or failed to 
 qualify an invitation should be sent to attend a special conference 
 of mothers and physicians. At such a meeting, informal talks might 
 be given by physicians on “Why Babies Fail,” and how their health 
 can be improved. 
 
 / 
 
19 
 
 Women should be encouraged to ask questions and urged to 
 visit the welfare exhibit. These mothers should be interested in the 
 six-months improvement contest and urged to try for the prize. 
 
 The prize awarding ought to be advertised as much as possible; 
 connected with the presentation ceremony a specialist should ex¬ 
 plain and emphasize the points which make the babies prize win¬ 
 ners. ' The difference between health and beauty points ought to be 
 made clear. 
 
 All score cards should be carefully preserved; they contain more 
 accurate and comprehensive statistics than could be obtained in any 
 other way and w r ill be valuable to the welfare society and the health 
 department. 
 
 The State Department of Public Health will gladly supply com¬ 
 mittees with uniform record sheets for recording results of better 
 babies contests and ask that such sheets be filled out and returned 
 to the office of the department. 
 
 Public Health Exhibit Material 
 
 The State Department of Public Health maintains in its loan 
 service an elaborate mobile exhibit equipment that is available for 
 use in any community of the State. This equipment consists of 
 mechanical models, stationary models, motion picture films, stereop- 
 ticon slides, wall-panels, posters and charts. All of this material 
 has been designed to depict important and fundamental health prin¬ 
 ciples with the end in view of educating the citizens of Illinois in 
 preventing disease and promoting health and longevity. All or part 
 of it have already been shown in many places with very gratifying 
 results. 
 
 The equipment has been constructed in such a v T av that it can 
 easily be adjusted for display in connection with almost any kind of 
 a program that has a bearing upon public health. At state-wide 
 events such as the Pageant of Progress in Chicago and the State Fair 
 in Springfield the material has been displayed in a manner that at¬ 
 tracted the thoughtful attention of thousands of visitors and stimu¬ 
 lated favorable comment in the columns of leading daily newspapers. 
 Parts of it have been shown to splendid advantage in connection 
 Avith comity fairs and local meetings of various kinds. It is suitable 
 alike for urban and rural demonstrations. 
 
 Any community in Illinois may secure all or any part of the 
 exhibit equipment for local use without cost other than the trans¬ 
 portation charges one way and the local expenses of the equipment 
 and (w-hen necessary) an experienced operator. 
 
 A brief description of the various models together with the ap¬ 
 proximate length and weight of each appears beloAV. The length in¬ 
 dicates the lineal space required in booths not less than ten feet 
 deep. Where electrical connections are necessary it is so stated, 
 following the description in each case. A list of the motion pic¬ 
 ture films, lantern slides, posters and charts that are available is. 
 also given. 
 
20 
 
 Models 
 
 1. —Infant Death Rate. 
 
 This model consists of baby dolls attached to three revolving 
 cylinders appropriately housed. Above each cylinder crouches a 
 skeleton figure of death that cuts down with his sickle every fifth, 
 tenth and twentieth dolls respectively, thus showing in a graphic 
 and realistic manner the infant death rate in Illinois for 1910 and 
 1920 and as it will be in 1930 if the same rate of decrease is main¬ 
 tained. In the background behind the figures of death is pictured a 
 cemetery that shows the eternal resting place of the innocent vic¬ 
 tims. 
 
 Electrical. Weight 750 lbs. Length 10 ft. 
 
 2. —Infant Death Rate. 
 
 Same as No. 1 except that it has but one cylinder, indicating the 
 infant mortality for 1920 only. 
 
 Electrical. Weight 150 lbs. Length 4 ft. 
 
 3. —City Death Rate. 
 
 A model that shows in a striking manner the death rates in 
 cities of Illinois with 20,000 or more people and indicates those with 
 a rate higher and a rate lower than the state average. 
 
 Stationary. Weight 125 lbs. Length 6 ft. 
 
 4. —Breathing Dolls. 
 
 This model consists of two bed rooms, one with open windows 
 and one with closed windows. Two dolls occupy beds in each and, 
 by mechanical device, smoke is emitted through the nostrils of the 
 sleeping dolls. Although the smoke supplied in each room is the 
 same the air in the room with the open windows remains quite clear 
 while the other is heavily clouded and this entirely without forced 
 draughts. Some educational models attain their results through il¬ 
 lusion. This is strong and effective because it is an honest illustra¬ 
 tion of just what the open windows will do to the air of the sleep¬ 
 ing room. The display is an excellent demonstration of the im¬ 
 portance of ventilation. 
 
 Electrical. Weight 285 lbs. Length 10 ft. 
 
 5. —Smallpox—Vaccination. 
 
 This model consists of an ingenious mechanical device wherebv 
 an epidemic of smallpov is shown as a volcanic eruption, smoke, etc., 
 pouring from the crater of the volcano until finally the electric light¬ 
 ing shows a smallpox outbreak hovers over all. At this point a long 
 arm, designated by electric lights as vaccination comes down as a 
 snuffer and completely cuts off all eruption from the volcano. 
 
 Electrical. Weight 475 lbs. Length 7 ft. 
 
21 
 
 6. - S\v / ‘ping Germs. 
 
 This model consists of mechanical equipment that shows a 
 large boy allowing a smaller boy to suck his candy and thereby es¬ 
 tablishing a means of transferring germs from one person to an¬ 
 other. The model is especially attractive to children, the ones who 
 profit most by the splendid lesson. 
 
 Electrical. Weight 75 lbs. Length 3 ft. 
 
 7. —Silver Dollars. 
 
 Consists of a painting to scale that shows the average cost per 
 day of ten common communicable, and therefore preventable, dis¬ 
 eases in Illinois in a column of silver dollars. Compared with this 
 are six of the highest towers and buildings in the world and the 
 column of dollars is the highest by far. 
 
 Stationary. Weight 60 lbs. Length 7 ft. 
 
 8. —Diphtheria Antitoxin. 
 
 A model that consists of four bed rooms where diphtheria pa¬ 
 tients are housed. In front of each is shown a miniature cemetery 
 that demonstrates in a most telling way the death rate from diph¬ 
 theria according to the day, after onset, upon which antitoxin is ad¬ 
 ministered. 
 
 Stationary. Weight 80 lbs. Length 3 y 2 ft. 
 
 / 
 
 Motion Picture Films 
 
 1. —The Priceless Gift of Health. (1 Keel.) 
 
 The story illustrated in this picture is one of the “Child Wel¬ 
 fare” variety showing the career of two boys one of whom grew up 
 under hygienic conditions to healthy manhood while the other boy, 
 whose mother thought “any milk was good enough so long as it was 
 cheap,” allowed him to grow up improperly cared for with the re¬ 
 sult th at he was unfitted for life’s work. 
 
 2. — Tommy’s Birth Certificate. (1 Reel.) 
 
 An educational picture of human interest to impress upon the 
 public the importance and necessity of recording births, setting forth 
 the embarrassments and misfortunes that may beset any individual 
 whose birth has not been recorded. 
 
 3. — Summer Babies. (1 Keel.) 
 
 The proper care of babies in summer time and the work of the 
 child welfare nurse is presented in a most entertaining manner. 
 
 Slides, Posters and Charts 
 
 Sets of lantern slides on the house fly, tuberculosis, laboratory 
 methods and sanitation are available. Those dealing with sanita¬ 
 tion refer largely to public water supplies and sewage disposal and 
 are valuable only when accompanied by a lecturer. 
 
 t 
 
99 
 
 J-d 
 
 Posters and wall panels on the subjects and in the quantities 
 named below are available. These are especially suitable for school 
 use and the instruction of children. 
 
 Prenatal Care ... 
 
 Physical Care of Babies—1st and 2nd series . 
 
 Hygiene for School Children.. . 
 
 Prevention of Tuberculosis in Childhood . 
 
 Babes in Healthland. 
 
 Mental and Moral Development of Children (9 groups) 
 
 The American Citizen .. 
 
 The A-l American Boy .:... 
 
 The A-l American Girl . 
 
 Good and Bad Housing . . . - . 
 
 Health and Character (racial ideals)... .. 
 
 Mother Goose Health Rhymes . . 
 
 t j 
 
 Communicable Diseases (panels) .... 
 
 Nutrition ... 
 
 ATtal Statistics (charts and panels) .. 
 
 Number in 
 each set 
 10 
 26 
 12 
 10 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 . I 10 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 10 
 
 Wall charts that show the birth and death rates for the State 
 and for various political units, such as cities and counties, are avail¬ 
 able. The death rate tabulations are made out for various age 
 groups and for various causes of death. 
 
 Note.— Those who desire the use of any of the material listed 
 above should make application to the State Department of Public 
 Health at least two weeks in advance of date for showing. 
 
 Publications 
 
 The Illinois Department of Public Health will supply the follow¬ 
 ing literature in reasonable quantities: 
 
 •“Our Babies, How to Keep Them Well and Happy.” 
 
 “Diet Lists for Infants and Children.” 
 
 “Milk.” 
 
 “Prenatal Care and Baby’s Health.” 
 
 “Cause, Prevention and Cure of Tuberculosis." 
 
 “Infantile Paralysis.” 
 
 “How to Fight the Fly.” 
 
 “Disinfection. 
 
 “Rules and Regulations: Contagious Diseases.” 
 
 Suggestive Program for Baby Week 
 
 The following program for the week is suggestive and elastic. 
 Certain features may be elaborated and enlarged while others may 
 receive less attention or may be omitted altogether. The present 
 method of the celebration of Baby Week is the result of pioneer work 
 
23 
 
 in many communities. These suggestions have been gathered to¬ 
 gether from the experience of past years in many of the states of the 
 Union. It is especially urged that, when local conditions are favor¬ 
 able, original plans and features be developed in every possible way. 
 
 While not included in this program it is understood that the 
 scoring contest, previously described in these pages, will be held dur¬ 
 ing the week and that the chief events of the contest will be coordi¬ 
 nated with the general plan of the week in the manner which seems 
 most convenient and effective. 
 
 Preliminary Work. Preparation for baby week should be be¬ 
 gun several weeks in advance of the selected date. This preliminary 
 work must include: 
 
 1. The appointment of all committees. 
 
 2. Securing literature such as described on other pages of this 
 circular. 
 
 3. The definite arrangement of the program. 
 
 4. A careful study of the birth registration in the community 
 to ascertain how completely all births are registered. 
 
 5. A study of infant mortality in the community. 
 
 6., Preparation of this information relative to the “baby prob¬ 
 lem" (^>f the community for use in an exhibit. 
 
 7. Wide publicity relative to the community’s baby problem, 
 the scoring contest and a baby week program through the news¬ 
 papers. 
 
 8. Issuance of a proclamation by the mayor and health depart¬ 
 ment making baby week an official community affair. 
 
 The Program 
 
 First Day*—Inauguration Day. 
 
 Mass meeting with address by mayor or health officer. Distri¬ 
 bution of flags, or banners by school children, open air crusades or 
 boy scouts to all houses in which there are babies. These flags will 
 be displayed all through the week. 
 
 Second Day—Baby Sunday. 
 
 The program of the week should be announced from the pulpit 
 in all churches. Physicians and members of the baby week commit¬ 
 tee may speak in the churches explaining the aims and purposes of 
 the week. Special Sunday school celebrations similar to the “cradle 
 roll celebrations" observed in some churches. Special feature arti¬ 
 cles in the Sunday newspapers. 
 
 Third Day—Better Mothers’ Day. 
 
 A mass meeting of mothers during which questions may be asked 
 the mothers and a prize awarded for the best written replies. This 
 
 *1 n this program “Baby Week" begins on Saturday and con¬ 
 tinues six days. 
 
 \ 
 
 
/ 
 
 24 
 
 day the mothers will visit all agencis for child welfare, such as in¬ 
 fant welfare stations, day nurseries, children’s hospitals, open-air 
 camps, etc., all of which will have open house on that dav If this 
 pil grimage is made in decorated automobiles, much added publicity 
 will be given to the week. 
 
 Fourth Day—Better Fathers’ Day. 
 
 Short meetings in shops and factories and other men’s meetings, 
 at which will be discussed the obligation of fathers, the social evil 
 and all other subjects relative to the father and the child. The news¬ 
 papers should contain special articles on fathers and children. 
 
 Fifth Day—Little Mothers’ Day—School Day. 
 
 Special celebrations in the schools. Essay contests among 
 school children. Plays bearing upon child welfare. Teaching infant 
 hygiene to school girls. 
 
 Sixth Day—Permanent Organization Day. 
 
 Mass meeting to outline permanent follow-up work. Opening 
 of a welfare station. Announcement of prizes in scoring contest. 
 
 Health Publicity 
 
 The fight against all the preventable diseases depends upon accu¬ 
 rate knowledge of their causes, efficient machinery of public health 
 administration, and publicity to teach the people how to avoid them. 
 If people do not know what dangers threaten how can they avoid 
 them? How shall they know, except through publicity and educa¬ 
 tion ? 
 
 If people do not know, for example, that typhoid fever is largely 
 a food and water-borne disease and that every case of typhoid is a 
 serious menace to the whole community until it has recovered and 
 been found by microscopic tests to be free from typhoid germs; if 
 people do not understand why strict isolation of such patients, ef¬ 
 ficient quarantine, is the only way to prevent its spread to healthy 
 individuals; if people do not comprehend that real cleanliness in 
 typhoid fever means the destruction of all the typhoid germs that 
 are given off in the discharges of the patient; if they do not know 
 that it is dangerous for nurses to attend typhoid patients in a hos¬ 
 pital, or anywhere else, and at the same time care for other patients; 
 if the poor families and those with little education can not get these 
 and other facts, vital to the health of their own households, and 
 therefore, vital to the community, how can public health officials get 
 the cooperation that springs from knowledge? 
 
 The same question applies to diphtheria, scarlet fever, smallpox, 
 tuberculosis and other contagions. In all of these diseases early 
 diagnosis is the key to their control. Prompt report, effective isola¬ 
 tion and efficient medical care is the rest of the story. 
 
 It is, therefore, plain enough that publicity through a wide use 
 of printers’ ink; through the cooperation of the press in all lan- 
 
guages; through lantern slide demonstrations, lectures and moving 
 pictures; through health exhibits, charts and mechanical devices, is 
 of greatest importance in the education of the public. By means 
 also of weekly and monthly and special issues of bulletins and maga¬ 
 zines, published by the health department, and by educational cam¬ 
 paigns during special days and weeks appointed by the mayor and 
 health commissioner our citizens come to know the facts. 
 
 With such means of publicity count upon churches and schools 
 and social centers, clubs and associations, social, commercial, educa¬ 
 tional and philanthropical, to spread the truth. The State Depart¬ 
 ment of Public Health of Illinois has a Division of Child Hygiene 
 and Public Health Nursing, whose business it is to plan and conduct 
 baby conferences, give talks on infant and child hygiene and assist in 
 all child welfare work. When you need help, write to this Depart¬ 
 ment and it will be cheerfully given to you. 
 
 Aims of Baby-Saving Work 
 
 The aims of the baby-saving work are to 
 
 Keep the well babies well. 
 
 Give nursing care to sick babies. 
 
 Teach the mothers the essentials of personal hygiene and 
 baby hygiene. 
 
 If possible prenatal care and care of the mother in confinement 
 should be added to the plan. 
 
 Essentials in Baby-Saving Work 
 
 A doctor and a nurse who have been especially trained in the 
 hygiene and diseases of infancy are the first requisites. If you can 
 add to this an obstetrician and an obstetrical nurse the plan is 
 greatly strengthened. Work of this sort must of necessity be done 
 under competent medical supervision. At the outset you will want to 
 enlist the interest and cooperation of your health department, of the 
 local medical society and the nursing organizations. 
 
 It is desirable that the headquarters for the work be in some 
 social or neighborhood center—usually a school building, a social 
 settlement, or a room in a parish house or church. 
 
 Infant Welfare Conference 
 
 / 
 
 The first step in the baby-saving work is usually the establish¬ 
 ment of what is known as an “infant welfare conference,” or a 
 “feeding conference” for the well babies. This is held once a week, 
 or, if the district is a very congested one, more frequently. The in¬ 
 terest of the mothers of the neighborhood is aroused and they are 
 invited to bring their babies to the conference which is held at some 
 regular hour which will not interfere with the housekeeping arrange¬ 
 ments. A necessary part of the equipment of the conference room 
 is a pair of baby scales. 
 
 
26 
 
 The nurse receives the baby, weighs it, enters its name on a card, 
 records the weight, and other information in regard to it. Then she 
 passes the baby on to the doctor who makes a careful examination 
 and advises the mother as to care and feeding. The mothers are 
 urged to bring their babies for this examination and advice once a 
 week and in the meanwhile to notify the nurse in case of sickness. 
 The nurse follows up the visits to the welfare conference by home 
 instruction of the mothers and home care of the sick babies. 
 
 Prenatal Care and Obstetrical Clinics 
 
 As the work progresses the confidence of the mothers is won 
 more and more by the nurse and the doctor. The prospective mother 
 also asks advice. This opens the way for the establishment of an 
 obstetrical clinic under the care, of course, of a physician—man or 
 woman—who has had especial experience in this branch of medicine. 
 After the mother lias made the necessary preliminary visits to the 
 clinic the nurse makes frequent follow-up visits to the home, and 
 under the direction of the physician advises the expectant mother as 
 to diet, clothing, etc. 
 
 The obstetrical nurse takes care of the mother under the direc¬ 
 tion of the physician during confinement. When the baby is twelve 
 days old, or as soon as possible after that it is registered at the wel¬ 
 fare conference. As soon as the mother is able she begins attending 
 the conference, continuing her visits every week or two, until the 
 baby is a year old, or longer, if necessary. 
 
 Plans Adapted to Needs of Community 
 
 These are the barest outlines of the plan that is followed in a 
 number of tlie organizations that are identified and affiliated with 
 the American Association. Nearly all of these organizations are in 
 touch with hospitals—either hospitals which have obstetrical clinics, 
 or which have maternity wards, or in case of the babies themselves, 
 hospitals that are for the very sick cases that can not be properly 
 cared for at home. 
 
 Study of Local Conditions—A Necessary Preliminary Step 
 
 A necessary preliminary step for any organization that is going 
 to undertake carefully planned baby-saving work is a study of local 
 conditions—that is so far as they relate to the care and welfare of 
 the mothers and babies in that particular community. If a study or 
 survey of this sort is undertaken, the following steps are desirable: 
 
 Points to be Considered in Study of Local Conditions 
 
 1. Enlist the interest of your Health Officer, and 
 
 Find out from him whether the law requiring the registration 
 
 of births is enforced. 
 
 
Get an estimate of the total number of births each year. 
 
 Find out how many births were reported last year by midwives 
 and how many by physicians. 
 
 Check up the figures obtained from the Health Department by 
 finding out whether the births of the babies in your own ac¬ 
 quaintance have been registered. (For detailed suggestions in 
 regard to Birth Registration tests write to the Children's Bureau, 
 Washington, for copies of the pamphlets published by the Bureau 
 on this subject.) 
 
 Find out the total number of deaths of children under one year, 
 each year, for the last three years. Compare this with the num¬ 
 ber of births reported each year. 
 
 Find out the total number of deaths, last year, under one vear 
 during the summer months. Compare this with the number 
 during the winter months. 
 
 Find out the number of deaths, last year, during the first day 
 and first month of life. 
 
 If possible get the figures by districts and they will show you 
 where the need for preventive and educational work among the 
 mothers is greatest. 
 
 2. Look into the quality of the milk that is available for the babies 
 who have to be bottle fed. 
 
 3. Find out what hospital care is available for sick babies. 
 
 4. Find out whether any visiting nursing is done. 
 
 5. Find out what provision is made for prenatal care or the in¬ 
 struction of the expectant mother. 
 
 Find out the character of the obstetrical service available. 
 
 How many midwives practice in your city or town. 
 
 How is their practice regulated. 
 
 What hospital provision have you for obstetrical care. 
 
 Is any provision made by the hospital or by any organization for 
 the care of the mother in her own home during confinement? 
 
 This information will show you what agencies are already in 
 existence and where the need for welfare work for mother and baby 
 is greatest. Having obtained it you will be ready to formulate plans 
 that are best adapted to the needs of your community. 
 
 Is Your Child’s Birth Recorded? It Is Important That It Should Be. 
 
 To prove his age and citizenship. 
 
 To prove his right to go to school. 
 
 To prove his right to work. 
 
 To prove his right to an inheritance. 
 
 To prove his right to marry. 
 
 To prove his right to hold office. 
 
 To prove his right to secure passports for foreign travel. 
 
 To prove his mother’s right to a widow’s pension. 
 
 > 
 
 
 V 
 
28 
 
 The War and Birth Registration 
 
 The drafting of thousands of men for military service has em¬ 
 phasized the need for more complete birth registration. Young men 
 have been confronted with the necessity of furnishing proof of age 
 and citizenship, and have found proof lacking on account of faulty 
 laws or imperfect enforcement of the law. 
 
 / 
 
 USEFUL BOOKS 
 The Mother 
 
 Sadler, Drs. W. L. & L. K., The Mother and Her Child. A. C. 
 McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill., 1917, $1.75. 
 
 Slemons, Dr. J. M., The Prospective Mother. D. Appleton & 
 Co., Yew York, Y. Y., 1918, $1.75. 
 
 West, Mrs. Max. Prenatal Care. U. S. Children’s Bureau, 
 Washington, D. C., 1913, free. 
 
 i « • 
 
 The Baby 
 
 East, C. W. Diet Lists for Feeding Infants and Young Chil¬ 
 dren. Dept. Public Health, Division Child Hygiene, Springfield, 
 Illinois. 
 
 Grulee, Dr. C. G. Infant Feeding. W. B. Saunders Co., Phil¬ 
 adelphia, Pa., 1917, $2.75. (Manual for nurses and doctors.) 
 
 Holt, Dr. L. E. CxiRE and Feeding of Children. D. Appleton 
 & Co., Yew York, Y. Y., 1918, 85c. 
 
 Kerley, Dr. C. G. Short Talks With Young Mothers. G. P. 
 Putnam’s Sons, YeAV York, Y. Y., 1918, $1.00. 
 
 Ramsey, Dr. W. R. Care and Feeding of Infants and Chil¬ 
 dren. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1916, $2.00. (Man¬ 
 ual for nurses.) 
 
 Weddell, Dr. Francis. How to Take Care of tile Baby. Bobbs- 
 Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1915, 75c. 
 
 West, Mrs. Max. Infant Care. U. S. Children’s Bureau, Wash¬ 
 ington, D. C., 1911, free. 
 
 The Child 
 
 Drummond, Dr. W. B. Ti-ie Child; His Yature and Yurture. 
 E. P. Dutton & Co., Yew York, Y. Y., 1916, $1.00. 
 
 Furst, M. L. & Vanderbilt, S. S. Dietary for Children. Ya- 
 tional Federation of Dav Yurseries, Yew York, (105 East 22d St.,) 
 Y. Y., 1918, 10c. 
 
 Hunt, C. L. School Lunches. U. S. Department of Agricul¬ 
 ture, Washington, D. C., Farmer’s Bulletin 712, 1916, free. 
 
 Hunt, C. L. Food for Young Children. U. S. Department of 
 Agriculture, Washington, D. C., Farmer’s Bulletin 717, 1916, free. 
 
29 
 
 Mendenhall, Dr. D. R. & Daniels, A. L. What to Feed the 
 Children. College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, Madi¬ 
 son, Wis., free. 
 
 Terman, Dr. L. M. Hygiene of the School Child. Houghton, 
 Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass., 1917, $1.75. 
 
 West, Mrs. Max. Child Care. IJ. S. Children’s Bureau, Wash¬ 
 ington, D. C., 1918, free. 
 
 General 
 
 Delano, *J. A. & Mclsaac, Isabel. American Red Cross Text¬ 
 book on Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick. P. 
 Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1918, $1.00. 
 
 Lippert, Dr. F. E. & Holmes, Dr. Arthur. When to Send for 
 the Doctor. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1913, $1.25. 
 
 Meigs, Dr. G. L. Maternal Mortality. U. S. Children’s Bu¬ 
 reau, Washington, D. C., 1917, free. 
 
 Mendenhall, Dr. D. R. Milk the Indispensable Food for Chil¬ 
 dren. U. S. Children’s Bureau, Washington, D. C., 1918, free. 
 
 Rose, Mrs. M. S. Feeding the Family. The Macmillan Co., 
 New York, N. Y., 1916, $2.10. 
 
 Stimpson, Dr. W. G. Prevention of Disease and Care of the 
 Sick. U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., 1917, free. 
 
Illinois Standard of Weights and Measurements of Normal Children 
 
 Prepared by the STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
 
 MALES 
 
 
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 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5! 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 15* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 38* 
 
 38* 
 
 39* 
 
 34* 
 
 32* 
 
 35* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5! 
 
 4* 
 
 5f 
 
 15* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 39 
 
 38* 
 
 39* 
 
 34* 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 is* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 39*|38f 
 
 39* 
 
 34* 
 
 33*136* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18| 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 39*38* 
 
 39* 
 
 35* 
 
 33*36* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 39* 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 35* 
 
 34*37* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20| 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 3* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 39* 
 
 39* 
 
 40* 
 
 36* 
 
 34* 
 
 37f 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 2U 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16! 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 39* 
 
 39* 
 
 40* 
 
 36* 
 
 35 
 
 38 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 6 * 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15! 
 
 16! 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 40* 
 
 39§ 
 
 40f 
 
 36* 
 
 35*38* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6 * 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 40* 
 
 39* 
 
 40* 
 
 37* 
 
 35* 
 
 38* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 40* 
 
 39* 
 
 40* 
 
 37* 
 
 36* 
 
 39* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6 * 
 
 6! 
 
 7! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 40| 
 
 40* 
 
 41* 
 
 38* 
 
 36* 
 
 39* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20*21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7! 
 
 5! 
 
 5! 
 
 5| 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 40* 
 
 40*141* 
 
 38* 
 
 37*140* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21f 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 71 
 ' 8 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 Si 
 
 °8 
 
 16* 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 41*40*41* 
 
 ! 1 
 
 39* 
 
 37*40* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7 i 
 • 8 
 
 5! 
 
 5! 
 
 Si 
 
 16* 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 41* 
 
 40* 
 
 41* 
 
 39* 
 
 38*41* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 Si 
 
 °8 
 
 16| 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 41* 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 40* 
 
 38* 
 
 41* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7! 
 
 5! 
 
 5 ! 
 
 Si 
 
 0 8 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 41* 
 
 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 40* 
 
 39* 
 
 42* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 71 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 °8 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 * 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 41* 
 
 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 41 
 
 39* 
 
 42* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 71 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 S3 
 
 °8 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6( 
 
 61 
 
 42 
 
 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 39* 
 
 42* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 5! 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 61. 
 
 62 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 40* 
 
 43* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7! 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 421 
 
 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 42* 
 
 40* 
 
 43* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 21* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 21| 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 SI 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 42* 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 42* 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 21* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7 J 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 SI 
 
 17* 
 
 16! 
 
 17* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 6‘ 
 
 65 
 
 42* 
 
 42* 
 
 43* 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 44* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 SI 
 
 17* 
 
 16| 
 
 17* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 6: 
 
 66 
 
 42* 
 
 42* 
 
 43 f 
 
 43* 
 
 41* 
 
 44* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 21*22* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 Si 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 43 
 
 424 
 
 43* 
 
 43* 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 20 * 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 SI 
 
 O 4 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 43* 
 
 42* 
 
 43* 
 
 44 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 22 
 
 21* 
 
 22 * 
 
 21* 
 
 20 * 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 21 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 43* 
 
 42* 
 
 43* 
 
 44* 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 22 
 
 21 \ 
 
 22 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21* 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 21 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 43* 
 
 43* 
 
 44* 
 
 44* 
 
 43 
 
 46 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 22 * 
 
 21! 
 
 22 * 
 
 21* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 Si 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 21 ! 
 
 20 * 
 
 21 ! 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 43* 
 
 43* 
 
 44* 
 
 44* 
 
 43* 
 
 46* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 *120! 
 
 22 * 
 
 21 ! 
 
 22 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 7! 
 
 6* 
 
 7! 
 
 5! 
 
 5| 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 21 * 
 
 20* 
 
 21 * 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 44 
 
 43* 
 
 44* 
 
 [45* 
 
 43* 
 
 46* 
 
 20 * 
 
 20 * 
 
 201 
 
 22 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 22 * 
 
 21 * 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 7! 
 
 6* 
 
 7* 
 
 5f 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 21 * 
 
 20* 
 
 21 * 
 
 72 
 
 I 
 
>is Standard of Weights and Measurements of Normal Children 
 
 Prepared by the STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
 
 FEMALES 
 
 
 Height 
 
 Weight 
 
 Circum. 
 
 Circum. 
 
 Circum. 
 
 Lat. diam. 
 
 Ant. Post 
 
 Length 
 
 Length 
 
 
 
 Inches 
 
 P< 
 
 Dunds 
 
 Heac 
 
 1 
 
 Ches 
 
 t 
 
 Abt 
 
 lorn 
 
 en 
 
 Ches 
 
 t 
 
 dia 
 
 Cb 
 
 est 
 
 ■Arm 
 
 
 
 Leg 
 
 
 
 Age | 
 
 v-J I d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 U 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 • rH 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 • »—< 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 Wh* 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 X 
 
 d 
 
 Age 
 
 Mo. 
 
 Z S 
 
 S 
 
 £ 
 
 § 
 
 § 
 
 £ 
 
 s 
 
 S 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 £ 
 
 
 § 
 
 £ 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 £ 
 
 5§ 
 
 S 
 
 £ 
 
 
 £ 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 Mo. 
 
 3 
 
 ■23*23 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 10* 
 
 13* 
 
 16* 
 
 16 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 15! 
 
 16! 
 
 15 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 4* 
 
 4 
 
 4* 
 
 4 
 
 3* 
 
 4 * 
 
 9* 
 
 8! 
 
 9! 
 
 9* 
 
 9 * 
 
 10 * 
 
 3 
 
 4 I 
 
 24*231 
 
 24* 
 
 14* 
 
 12* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 15f 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 ° 8 
 
 4! 
 
 9* 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 10* 
 
 9 * 
 
 10 * 
 
 4 
 
 
 ’5-124! 
 
 25| 
 
 15* 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 4* 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 4 
 
 4* 
 
 9! 
 
 9* 
 
 10 * 
 
 10! 
 
 10 * 
 
 111 
 
 5 
 
 o 1 
 
 25 1 
 
 26| 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 18* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17! 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 9* 
 
 9! 
 
 10 ! 
 
 H* 
 
 10! 
 
 11! 
 
 6 
 
 
 26* 26 
 
 27 
 
 17f 
 
 15* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 16f 
 
 17! 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 10 * 
 
 9! 
 
 10 ! 
 
 HI 
 
 10 * 
 
 HI 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 27 p6§ 
 
 27* 
 
 18* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 17| 
 
 17! 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 16! 
 
 17! 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 ^8 
 
 4! 
 
 4* 
 
 10|- 
 
 9* 
 
 10 * 
 
 Hf 
 
 Hi 
 
 12 * 
 
 8 
 
 9 ] 
 
 27* 27 
 
 28 
 
 19* 
 
 17! 
 
 20| 
 
 17f 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 41 
 
 4! 
 
 4* 
 
 10! 
 
 10 * 
 
 11 * 
 
 12* 
 
 U! 
 
 12! 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 2 < , 27 1 
 
 28* 
 
 19* 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17! 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17! 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 S 5 
 ° 8 
 
 4f 
 
 4! 
 
 4* 
 
 10* 
 
 10* 
 
 11 * 
 
 12* 
 
 u| 
 
 12 * 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 28 : 27 f 
 
 28* 
 
 20* 
 
 18f 
 
 21* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17f 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 C 3 
 ° 4 
 
 4! 
 
 4! 
 
 4* 
 
 11* 
 
 10! 
 
 U! 
 
 12f 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 28,28f 
 
 29* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 22* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18| 
 
 17* 
 
 17! 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 S 3 
 
 45 
 
 ^8 
 
 41 
 •* 8 
 
 4* 
 
 11* 
 
 10* 
 
 ii* 
 
 12* 
 
 12! 
 
 13! 
 
 12 
 
 lo 
 
 29!28! 
 
 29* 
 
 21 
 
 19* 
 
 22* 
 
 18 A 
 
 18 
 
 18* 
 
 18 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17! 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 51 
 ^ 4 
 
 4! 
 
 4! 
 
 4* 
 
 11* 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13* 
 
 12! 
 
 13! 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 29*j29* 
 
 30* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 23* 
 
 18- s 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 18* 
 
 17f 
 
 18f 
 
 17! 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 ° 8 
 
 5! 
 
 Cl 
 ° 8 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 5 
 
 11! 
 
 11* 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 12* 
 
 13* 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 30i*29f 
 
 30* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 23* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 S 1 
 
 5! 
 
 S? 
 0 8 
 
 4* 
 
 4i 
 
 5 
 
 11* 
 
 11! 
 
 12! 
 
 13* 
 
 12* 
 
 13* 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 b>*|30 
 
 31 
 
 22* 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 18! 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 17! 
 
 18* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 6 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 11 * 
 
 12* 
 
 13* 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 if 
 
 17 
 
 30* 30* 
 
 31* 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 24* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 5* 
 
 5* 
 
 6 
 
 4* 
 
 4* 
 
 5 
 
 12* 
 
 11! 
 
 12f 
 
 13* 
 
 13* 
 
 14| 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 3H 30! 
 
 3 If 
 
 23* 
 
 21* 
 
 24* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18f 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 17! 
 
 18! 
 
 S 1 
 
 ° 8 
 
 6* 
 
 4* 
 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 12* 
 
 ii* 
 
 12* 
 
 14 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 31*31 
 
 32 
 
 23* 
 
 22* 
 
 25* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18f 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 6 
 
 C 3 
 O 4 
 
 6* 
 
 4* 
 
 45 
 ■* 8 
 
 5* 
 
 12* 
 
 HI 
 
 12* 
 
 14* 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 32 31* 
 
 32* 
 
 24* 
 
 22f 
 
 25* 
 
 18f 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 6 
 
 5* 
 
 6* 
 
 4 1 
 ^8 
 
 41 
 
 ^8 
 
 5* 
 
 12! 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 01 
 
 L 1 
 
 331J 
 
 32* 
 
 24* 
 
 23* 
 
 26* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 18f 
 
 19! 
 
 18* 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 5* 
 
 6* 
 
 41 
 * 8 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 12* 
 
 12* 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 32*02* 
 
 33* 
 
 25* 
 
 23* 
 
 26* 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19f 
 
 181 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 6! 
 
 4.1 
 
 ^8 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 14* 
 
 15! 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 32f 
 
 33* 
 
 25* 
 
 24* 
 
 27* 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18f 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 6! 
 
 41 
 ** 81 
 
 45 
 
 ^8 
 
 5* 
 
 13* 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 15* 
 
 14! 
 
 15! 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 ' 32* 
 
 33* 
 
 26* 
 
 24* 
 
 27* 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 18f 
 
 19! 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 C 7 
 
 °'8 
 
 6! 
 
 4* 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13! 
 
 12 * 
 
 13* 
 
 15* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 33*33* 
 
 34* 
 
 26* 
 
 25* 
 
 28* 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 18f 
 
 19! 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 4* 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13* 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15* 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 33 s 33 § 
 
 34* 
 
 27* 
 
 25* 
 
 28* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19f 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 18f 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 41 
 
 8 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13! 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 15f 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 34 |33* 
 
 34* 
 
 27* 
 
 25* 
 
 28* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 19! 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 4 1 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13* 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 15* 
 
 16f 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 34*134 
 
 35 
 
 27* 
 
 26* 
 
 29* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19 § 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 4 1 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13* 
 
 13! 
 
 14f 
 
 16* 
 
 15f 
 
 16! 
 
 28 
 
 ?Q 
 
 3 ' " * 
 
 35* 
 
 27* 
 
 26* 
 
 29* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 41 
 
 ^8 
 
 4! 
 
 5* 
 
 13* 
 
 13! 
 
 14! 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 29 
 
 
 1.! 
 
 35* 
 
 28* 
 
 26* 
 
 29* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 18! 
 
 19f 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 5 
 
 4 * 
 
 5* 
 
 14 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 16! 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 30 
 
 31 . 
 
 35* 341 
 
 35* 
 
 28* 
 
 27* 
 
 30* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 19* 
 
 19f 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 18f 
 
 19f 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 16f 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 35*134* 
 
 35* 
 
 29 
 
 27* 
 
 30* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 18! 
 
 19f 
 
 6* 
 
 6 
 
 6* 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 13f 
 
 14! 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 32 
 
 
 35f35* 
 
 36* 
 
 29* 
 
 27f 
 
 30* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 33 
 
 
 36*135* 
 
 6* 
 
 30* 
 
 28f 
 
 31! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14! 
 
 13* 
 
 14* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17! 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36*36 
 
 37 
 
 30* 
 
 28* 
 
 31* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19f 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19f 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 35 
 
 ^6 
 
 36*36*37* 
 
 30* 
 
 29 
 
 32 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19f 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14! 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 17* 
 
 16f 
 
 17! 
 
 36 
 
 
 36* 36; 
 
 37* 
 
 30* 
 
 29* 
 
 32* 
 
 19*19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6f 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 37 
 
 38' 
 
 37 36* 
 
 37* 
 
 31 
 
 29* 
 
 32* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19f 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 17! 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 38 
 
 
 37* 36* 
 
 37* 
 
 3*1* 
 
 30* 
 
 33* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 14* 
 
 14! 
 
 15! 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 3 7 *,3 7 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 30* 
 
 33* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19f 
 
 20f 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 15 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 40 
 
 4 r 
 
 37-37* 
 
 38* 
 
 32* 
 
 30* 
 
 33* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19! 
 
 20! 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6 8 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 15* 
 
 14! 
 
 15f 
 
 18 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 38 ,37* 
 
 38* 
 
 32* 
 
 31 
 
 34 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19! 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5 
 
 4* 
 
 5* 
 
 15* 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 18* 
 
 17! 
 
 18! 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 38*,37* 
 
 38* 
 
 32* 
 
 31* 
 
 34* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 5! 
 
 15! 
 
 14* 
 
 15* 
 
 18* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 38*|38 
 
 39 
 
 33 
 
 31* 
 
 34* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 C 3 
 ° 8 
 
 15* 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 18! 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 38|38* 
 
 39* 
 
 33* 
 
 31* 
 
 34* 
 
 19! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 20! 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 C 3 
 ^8 
 
 15* 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 18* 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 45 
 
 46; 
 
 38*138* 
 
 39* 
 
 33* 
 
 32 
 
 35 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 47 
 
 Si 
 
 15! 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18! 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 38||38f 
 
 39* 
 
 33* 
 
 32* 
 
 35* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 ^8 
 
 s 3 
 
 15! 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 39*|38* 
 
 39* 
 
 34* 
 
 32* 
 
 35* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20f 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 si 
 
 8 
 
 15* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 18* 
 
 18! 
 
 19* 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 39*39 
 
 40 
 
 34* 
 
 33* 
 
 36* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20| 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 19! 
 
 20f 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 8 
 
 S 3 
 0 8 
 
 15* 
 
 15! 
 
 16! 
 
 19* 
 
 18f 
 
 19! 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 39* 39* 
 
 40* 
 
 35* 
 
 33* 
 
 36* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 19! 
 
 20| 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 ^8 
 
 S 3 
 ° 8 
 
 15* 
 
 15! 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 18* 
 
 19* 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 39*391 
 
 40* 
 
 36 
 
 34* 
 
 37* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 19f 
 
 20! 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 4* 
 
 Si 
 
 16 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 51 
 
 5;> 
 
 40*39* 
 
 40* 
 
 36* 
 
 34* 
 
 37* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 41 
 
 ^8 
 
 S 3 
 0 8 
 
 16* 
 
 15! 
 
 16! 
 
 19f 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 40|,39* 
 
 40* 
 
 36* 
 
 35* 
 
 38* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15f 
 
 16! 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 53 
 
 - 54 
 
 401,40* 
 
 41* 
 
 37* 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 19* 
 
 19f 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 20* 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 40*40f 
 
 41* 
 
 38 
 
 36* 
 
 39* 
 
 19* 
 
 19! 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6f 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16! 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 41 40* 
 
 41* 
 
 38* 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16! 
 
 15* 
 
 16* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 56 
 
 5/ 
 
 41*140* 
 
 41* 
 
 39 
 
 37* 
 
 40* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6! 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 41*40* 
 
 41* 
 
 39* 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 19* 
 
 19f 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20f 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6f 
 
 6! 
 
 6* 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16! 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20f 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 41|41* 
 
 42* 
 
 40 
 
 38* 
 
 41* 
 
 19* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16f 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 41*41* 
 
 42* 
 
 40* 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 19* 
 
 19| 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 21! 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 41*0 
 
 rZ § 
 
 40* 
 
 39* 
 
 42* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 16* 
 
 16* 
 
 17! 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 4^ 41* 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 39* 
 
 42* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 17 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 21* 
 
 20f 
 
 21! 
 
 62 
 
 68 
 
 42*41* 
 
 42| 
 
 41* 
 
 40* 
 
 43* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 16f 
 
 17! 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 42*141* 
 
 42* 
 
 42* 
 
 40* 
 
 43* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 16*117* 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 64 
 
 6-5 
 
 42*141* 
 
 42* 
 
 42* 
 
 41* 
 
 44* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 5 
 
 5* 
 
 17* 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 21* 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 42 v 42 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 41* 
 
 44* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20! 
 
 21! 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 17! 
 
 16* 
 
 17* 
 
 21! 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 42* 42* 
 
 43* 
 
 43* 
 
 41* 
 
 44* 
 
 20 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 20* 
 
 20f 
 
 21f 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 •6* 
 
 6* 
 
 7 
 
 D 8 
 
 5* 
 
 0 8 
 
 17* 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 21* 
 
 21! 
 
 22! 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 42*!42* 
 
 43* 
 
 43f 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20* 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20* 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7* 
 
 S 3 
 ° 8 
 
 5* 
 
 C5 
 
 °8 
 
 17f 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 22* 
 
 7 1 5 
 Z 1 8 
 
 22f 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 42* 42* 
 
 43* 
 
 43* 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20f 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20f 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7* 
 
 r 3 
 ^8 
 
 5* 
 
 Si 
 
 17* 
 
 17* 
 
 18* 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 43*42! 
 
 43* 
 
 44 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20f 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7 * 
 
 S 3 
 ° 8 
 
 5* 
 
 S& 
 ° 8 
 
 17* 
 
 17f,18! 
 
 22* 
 
 21* 
 
 22* 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 43*42* 
 
 43* 
 
 44* 
 
 42* 
 
 45* 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20! 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 211 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6! 
 
 7* 
 
 C 3 
 ' 8 
 
 5* 
 
 S 3 
 
 18 
 
 17* 18* 
 
 22* 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 43 * 43 
 
 44 
 
 [44* 
 
 43 
 
 46 
 
 20* 
 
 19* 
 
 20! 
 
 21 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 20! 
 
 20* 
 
 21* 
 
 6* 
 
 6f 
 
 7* 
 
 5! 
 
 5* 
 
 5! 
 
 18* 
 
 17f • 18f 
 
 22f 
 
 22* 
 
 23* 
 
 72 
 
Height and Weight Table for Boys 
 
 Hgt. 
 
 Ins. 
 
 5 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 6 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 7 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 8 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 9 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 10 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 11 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 12 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 13 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 14 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 15 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 16 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 17 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 18 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 39 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70. 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 92 
 
 94 
 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 92 
 
 93 
 
 94 
 
 97 
 
 99 
 
 101 
 
 102 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 97 
 
 99 
 
 102 
 
 104 
 
 106 
 
 108 
 
 110 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 102 
 
 104 
 
 106 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 
 113 
 
 116 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 107 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 
 114 
 
 115 
 
 117 
 
 119 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 115 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 
 119 
 
 120 
 
 122 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 122 
 
 123 
 
 124 
 
 125 
 
 126 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 126 
 
 127 
 
 128 
 
 129 
 
 130 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 130 
 
 131 
 
 132 
 
 133 
 
 134 
 
 135 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 134 
 
 135 
 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 138 
 
 139 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 139 
 
 140 
 
 141 
 
 142 
 
 143 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 144 
 
 145 
 
 146 
 
 147 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 149 
 
 150 
 
 151 
 
 152 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 152 
 
 154 
 
 155 
 
 156 
 
 157 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 157 
 
 159 
 
 160 
 
 161 
 
 162 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 162 
 
 164 
 
 165 
 
 166 
 
 167 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 169 
 
 170 
 
 171 
 
 172 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 174 
 
 175 
 
 176 
 
 177 
 
 Height and Weight Table for Girls 
 
 Hgt. 
 
 Ins. 
 
 5 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 6 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 7 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 8 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 9 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 10 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 11 
 
 Yrs, 
 
 12 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 
 14 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 15 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 16 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 17 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 18 
 
 Yrs. 
 
 39 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 * 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 93 
 
 94 
 
 95 
 
 96 
 
 98 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 95 
 
 97 
 
 99 
 
 100 
 
 102 
 
 104 
 
 106 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 99 
 
 101 
 
 102 
 
 104 
 
 106 
 
 108 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 106 
 
 107 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 
 113 
 
 114 
 
 115 
 
 63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 
 112 
 
 113 
 
 115 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 
 119 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 115 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 
 119 
 
 120 
 
 121 
 
 122 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 117 
 
 119 
 
 120 
 
 122 
 
 123 
 
 124 
 
 12 . 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 121 
 
 122 
 
 124 
 
 126 
 
 127 
 
 128 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 124 
 
 126 
 
 127 
 
 128 
 
 129 
 
 130 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 128 
 
 130 
 
 132 
 
 133 
 
 134 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 129 
 
 131 
 
 133 
 
 135 
 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 134 
 
 136 
 
 138 
 
 139 
 
 140 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 140 
 
 142 
 
 143 
 
 144 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 145 
 
 147 
 
 148 
 
 149 
 
t 
 
 
 *