THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 595.7 W.I4- man Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. U. of I. Library 11148-S THE NATURAL HISTORY BRITISH INSECTS, Law and GilDcil, Iiinttr.s, 5i. Joiiu-VSiiu;ire, Loudou, TUB NATURAL HISTORY OF RITISH INSECTS; EXPLAINING THEM IN THEIR SEVERAL STATES, WITH THE PERIODS OF TIIEIll TRANSFORMATIONS, THEIR FOOD, (ECONOMY, &c. I O Ci li T H E R ■\V I T II THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE. THE AVnOI.E IftUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS. By E. DONOVAN. VOL. XIV. LONDON: ' Printed for the Author, And for F. C. and J, Rivingtox, N° 6'2, St. Paul's Ciiurch-Yard. JIDCCCX.^ LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF U.l!?:0!3 4Gl THE NATURAL HISTORY OF V BRITISH INSECTS. PLATE CCCCLXIX. SPHINX DRUR^L DRURY'S HAWK MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennae fomevvhat prifm-form, and tapering at each end : tongue generally exferted : feelers two, reflected ; -wings defle6led. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Sphinx DRURiEi. Wings entire : anterior pair grey and teftaceous clouded, with diilin6l fufcous blotch in the middle : anterior wings red, with three denticulate black bands: abdomen red, Avith black belts. Sphinx CoNvoLYULi, rar. Potatoe Hawk Moth. Smith*s Inf. Georg. V. I. p. 32. Sphinx CoNvoLvuiii, varietas. Dru?y, V. 1. pi. 15. Jig. 4 ? ▼01.. XIV, B A more i-^^f ?90996 « PLATE CCCCEXIX. A more beautiful infeft than that before us has never been in- troduced to the attention of our readers, either as an exotic fpe- cies, or a native of this country ; but, with what propriety we have - ventured to confider it fpecifically diftincl from the Sphinx Convolvuli, to which it is fo clofely allied, or how far we may be authorized, from the occurrence of a fingle exaraple in a living ftate in Britain, to admit it as an inhabitant, we are difpofed to fubmit to the decifion of others, after relating the circumftances which induce us to include it in the prefent work. In a former volume our fubfcribers pbffefs a figure and defcription of another very interefting fpecies of the fame tribe, the Sphinx Caro- lina ; an infeft fufficiently known as a Linnaean fpecies, and as a na- tive of North America, but wliich was inferted as a Biitifh infecl on the authority of the late Mr. Drury, who received the individual fpe- ciraen defcribed in a living ftate. It will be found, on reference to the memorandum in the hand-writing of Mr. Drury annexed thereto, that the information it conveys relates to two fpecies of the Sphinx tribe, the one we then defcribed, and another, which latter is the jnfeGt now under confideration. I'he memorandum ftates, that thefe two infefts were brought to ISIr. Drury alive, one about the year 1776, the other in 1788. Whether the fpecies Carohna, or tlie pre- fent was difcovered firft, cannot be at this time afcertained : it is only evident that both were taken within the interval of the above-mentioned periods. The difcovery of a folitary fpecimen of any infe61: in this country, which is clearly authenticated to be indigenous to extra European plimates, is not altogether fuflicient in our n^ind to countenance its introduction into the Britiib Fauna ; yet there are circumftances, under which it would be improper to omit the mention of fuch extra- ordinary ac(|uifilions ; and this idea applies, in an immediate degree, to the difcovery of the prefent very elegant fpecies in a ftate of nature in Britain. We are neverthelefs inclined to regard it as an accidental occurrence -only, and conceive it incumbent to obferve, as in the iaftauce of Sphiox Carolina, that there appears to us every reafon for PLATE CCCCLXIX. S for believing it muft have been originally imported in the egg, or larva ftate, among fome articles of American produce, though from this in- troduftion it is not to be denied that the fpecies may have become naturalized in this country. There does not appear any evidence fo politive as to demonftrate the fact, yet we fufpe6l this infeft, as a fiippofed variety of Sphinx Convolvtili, muft have been long known among colle6tors as a native ^f Britain, under the denomination of the '* Red Underwing Convolvuli ;" and, if we miftake not, under that of the "^ Yorkfhire Convolvuli" alfo. We believe thefe names have been applied to the prefent infe6i;. The fimilarity that prevails in the general appearance of this infeSl, and the Sphinx Convolvuli, deferves particularly to be coufidered, in order to determine whetlier the latter be really a diftinft fpecies, or only a variety. In the firft place, it is to be obferved, that the defcriptions which Linnaeus, and other early writers, afford us, are taken from fpeci- mens of the Sphinx Convolvuli met with exclufively ia Eiu'ope : thofe writeis did not confider the fpecies as extra European, much lefs as a native of the tranfatlantic regions, and their defcriptions will be found to accord with that particular kind of Sphinx which is known in Eng- land by the name of Convolvuli, or Bind-Weed Hawk Moth. Some time after the work of Linnaeus appeared, our countryman Drury publiilied the lirft volume of his exotic iufetts, the twenty- fourth plate of which includes the figure of a Sphinx, whofe external afpe6l feemed, in his opinion, to correfpond with the European Con- volvuli : the hues and marking of the upper wings v ere fomewhat funilar, but in this the colour of the lower wings, which in the Euro- pean infeSt are greyilh white, were red, a difference which the author of that work imagined might be produced from the effe6l of climate, the fpccimen being from St. Chrillopher's ; and under this peifualiou, after fpeaking of it as an infeQ; which he could not find defcribed, he calls it in his index Sphinx Convolvuli varictas. b2 This 4 PLATE CCCCLXIX. This Induced later entomologifts, and among the reft Fabricius, to believe there muft be two varieties of the Sphinx Convolvuli, namely, the European kind with grey pofterior wings, and the American with red pofterior wings ; for this, though not direftly ftated, muft be im- plied, as he refers to the plate of Drury's work, before noticed among his fynonyms of the fpecies Convolvuli *. This latter iiafe6l was alfo, on fome popular report, confidered as a native ef Britain, an idea we fufpeti to have originated from its being underftood that an infeft of the Sphinx family, correfponding with S. Convolvuli, but having red inftead of grey pofterior wings, had been once taken in England, and was preferved in the Englifh cabinet of Mr. Drury. Such we believe to be the origin of the report, though we cannot abfolutely trace it to this fource. Should this conjefture be well founded, we may add that the infeft, figured and defcribed by Mr. Drury in his work, muft liave been confideredjdifferent from the prefent fpecies by that author: it is very evident he did not admit them to be the fame ; but whe- ther the attention he had beftowed upon them was fufticient to enable him to determine this point with accuracy, we ftiall not pretend to decide. Since the difperfion of his colleftion of exotic fphinges, it is perhaps impofftble to difcover the genuine infeft intended by his Con- volvuli 'car. His figure and defcription is not altogether fo definitive as we could vvilh ; and in the general information fubjoined thereto, he merely fays, " I received it from St. Ghriftopher's. I cannot find it any where defcribed ;" and after this, in the index, he names it '' Con- volvuli rflnV^tfs. Limi. p. 798. n. 6." In his manufcript notes, at this time in our pofleffion, there is a further memorandum on the fame fubjeft, and which, though not material, may be repeated. It occurs in the following words: *' Convolvuli v&r. St. Kitt's. Mr. Kearton, 1765." rid. Illuji. Vol. I. pi. id. fig. 4. In the manufcript note annexed to our prefent infeft, Mr. Drury exprefles a didertnt opinion of the latter ; for this, he obferves, *' is not the fame as S. Convolvuli ;'' • The reference in Species Infeftorum is to plate 25. fig. 1. which Utter is an error ; it is intended for figure 4. The fame error has been foUoweil by Gmelin m his I. inn. SjrfV. Nat. but this is corrected in the more recent \>orks of Falriciu*. from PLATE CCCCLXTX. j from which it is to be inferred, that he confidered the firft of thefe infe6ls as only a variety of S. Convolvuli, and the latter as a diftinfil fpecies. We (hall not, however, adduce this as a pofitive teftimony that they were in reality different : indeed we fufi)e6t the contrary ; but on a fubject fo ambiguous, we conceive it candid to ftate the ideas of Mr. Drury, as well as the opinion we ourfelves entertain. Since the produ6lion of the work to which we laft adverted, Mr. Abbot, an afTiduous entomological colleftor in the province of New Georgia, North America, furnifhed feveral of the Englifh cabi- nets with fpecimens of the infe6ls of that particular country where he refided, and among the reft with fonie few examples of the individual kind of Sphinx to which our attention is now directed. A feries of drawings by Mr. Abbot, explanatory of the various changes of a fele6l number of the infe6ts of that part of the globe, were likevvife tranf- mitted to England about the fame period, one of which exhibited the transformation of this very fpecies. Thefe drawings afterwards palling into the hands of the London bookfellers, were engraven and pub- liflied under the title of Abbot's Infe6ls of Georgia, with obfervations by Dr. Smith. Thus it appears, that of the two figures confidered as reprefentations of our infe6l, one only is certain, and that is the figure included iu the laft mentioned publication. The latter we are affured of, not onlj from an attentive infpeftion of the original drawings *, but alfo from the individual example delineated iu that work, and which di!Ters in no refpe6l from the infeft now before us. This we mention in order to fljew that our comparifons are deduced with a fufficient degree of certainty. • Thefe original drawings were, in the firft inftance, configned from Georgia by Mr. Abbot to Mr. G. Humphreys, in London, and remained in the poffeflion of the latter fome time. They were executed by Mr. Abbot on coarfe wire-marked paper, and were, more or lefs, difcoloured and ftained with fea-water, an injury fuftamed in the paffage between America and England, With the exception of this circumftance, we have no reafon to diftruft their general accuracy, and that exhibiting the transformation* of our pr«l'eBt iufed had in particular efcape4 without any material damage. From 6' PLATE CCCCLXIX. From the remarks of Dr. Smith on this particular fubje£l, it is ob^ vious he confidered it only as a variety of the European kind of Sphinx Convolvuli. " We cannot difcover/' fays this author, '' any material diftin6tion between this and the moth which feeds on plants of the fame genus * in Europe, and is often feen fluttering about in towns and houfes, making as much noife as a bat^ or fmall bird, for both which it is often taken by the vulgar. The reddilli tinge on the under-wings of the American one, is the only difference we can find, and is furely not fufficient to make that kind any more than a variety, as Mr. Drury fuppofes it. Fabricius does not even diftinguifli it as fuch. Mr. (now Dr.) Latham informs us, this variety has been found in England." Before we offer any obfervatlons likely to difcountenance the per- fuafioa of this refpeclable writer, it will not be amifs to ftate, that it appears to have been uniformly the idea of every entomologift, as well as Dr. Smith, with the exception of Mr. Drury, that our infe6l is only a variety of Sphinx Convolvuli. Mr. Drury remarks, in the manufcript note above adverted to, that they are certainly different, and that this difference is manifeftly difcernible. But while we rely on the defcription which Linnaius affords of the fpecies, it is perfeftly confillent to maintain the contrary opinion ; and it was hence depend- ing on the Linnzean character, that in our defcription of Sphinx Con- volvuli, we were inclined to fpeak of the prefent infeft as a variety of the former, rather than as a new fpecies. In adverting to the paffage in which this fuppofed variety was mentioned, it will be however per- ceived, that we entertained, at that time, no inconliderable degree of diftrull as to the propriety of fuch an opinion, for it was then obferved, that " it has all the charatteriftic marks of Sphinx Convolvuli, or we Ihould hefitate to admit it as the fame fpecies.'' Such were the fcru- ples at that time prevalent in our mind : we were unwilling to oppofe the authority of Linnaeus, or \ve Ihould have then conftitulcd it a dif- tintf fpecies. Subf«quent obfervations have tended only to ftreugthen the propriety of this fuggeftion, and to convince us, the Linnaean cha- • feeds in Amciica oji the I'wcct potatoe, CoavoUulus Balatus, ra£ter PLATE CCCCLXIX. 7 ra6ler of the fpecies Convolvuli is too indefinite to forfn any precife criterion of the fpecies. On the latter topic we wlfli to fpcak more fully in explanation. There is nothing, we would obfcrve^ laid down in the Linnaean cha- ra6ler to prove the two above-mentioned infe6ts diftinct ; but^ on the contrary, every charafter is calculated to confirm it. Linnajus had not, in all probability, feen this fuppofed variety : his fpecificai defini- tion was apparently drawn from examples of the European Convol- vuli ; and he was doubtlefs not aware that the eharafitor he afll^ned thereto was fo far inapplicable as to apply to two dillinft infefts ; thefe according in every chara6ter witii the fpecificai diftinftion he propofes, though in other refpefils they are remote from eacii other. Hence it is obvious, that our prefent infe6t may really, accordmg to that charac- ter, be the Sphinx Convolvuli, or Convolvuli tiar. of Linnaeus, thou'^l^ as a fpecies it may be lliU dillimilar. The accuracy of this obferva- tion will be more amply demonftrated fiom the following compari- fon of the two infefts, at prefent under confideration, with the ipe- cific chara6ler which Linnzeus affords of the Sphinx Convolvuli. Linnseus, in the earlier editions of his Syllema Natura, thus defines, the laft mentioned fpecies : — " Alis integris pofticis albo fafciatis margine poftico albo punftatis, abdomine rubro cingulis atris." According to which, the two infefts before us would be at once diftin- guii>.ed as fpecifically diftinft, the bands on the pofterior wings bein* red in one, and white, or at leaft greyilh white, in the other. This defcription occurs in the tenth edition of the Syftema Natura, and it is poflTible, though it appears otherwife expreffed in the later editions of that work, that Linnaeus ftill intended to preferve the fame interpretation : it would be uncandid to conclude the contrary, though his words may bear a different acceptation, becaufe he does not himfelf contradi6l this fuppofition. It appears, however^ confining our atten< tion folely to the defcription given of the fpecies in the twelfth edition of that work, and in the fubfequent editions publiilied by Gmelin, that ^he tvyo kinds may be ftill confounded, the colour of tlie paler bandit foraiinfj. 8 PLATE CCCCLXIX. forming, according to thofe defcriptions, no criterion of tlie fpecies. In the laft mentioned work, the S. Convolvuli is thus defcribed : — '' Alls integris, pofticis nigro-fafciatis margine poftico albo pun6latis, abdomine rubro cingulis atris." And this defcription will be found applicable to either of the infects before us : in both the wings are entire, the pofterior pair barred with black, the hinder margin dotted with white, and the abdomen red, with belts of black. The Fabrician chara6ler of S. Convolvuli: — C^' Alis integris nebu- lofis, pofticis fubfafciatis abdomine cingulis rubris atris albifque." Svji. Ent. 544.) will alfo agree very nearly with either : the wings in both are entire, and clouded : in both the pofterior wings are barred, though flightly in Convolvuli, and confpicuoufly in the other, and in each the abdomen is belted with black and red, though in Convolvuli every fegment is marked at the bafe with a band of white, no trace of which appears in the other, From the above it will be inferred, that the defcription which the lateft work of Linnaeus offers will correfpond with both the infects in queftion, and that of Fabricius will alfo accord in almoft every effential particular ; notwithftanding which, we are perfuaded, for the following reafons, they ought to be confidered as diftin6l : — 1. The Sphinx Convolvuli, fo far as we have been enabled to com- pare the two kinds, is rather larger : this differfence, we admit, may arife from the influence of climate, or any other adventitious caufe. 2. There is a flight difl'erence in the contour, the curvature in tlie floping margin of the wings being moft diffufe in S. Convolvuli. 3. The anterior wings in both are clouded and greyifli, but in our prefent infe6l the grey is finely varied with ochraeeous hues ; and ,there is, befides, in the middle of the wings of the latter, a perfeftly charafteriftic fufcous blotch, margined behind with an irregular greyifli fubcatenated band, neither of wliich appear in the wings of S. Con-f volvuli. 4» J»» PLATE CCCCLXIX. g 4: In both kinds the anterior wings are Iranfverfely barred, or lineated with a number of indented dark ftreaks, but in the form of thofe the moll obvious diflference prevails. Thefe lines are moft nu- merous i« S. Convolvuli, and are in that infeCl fo deeply indented as to exhibit a lozenge-form zic-zac, the arches (if the expreffion be allow- able) being greatly elongated, and extending into an acute falient pointt In our prefent infe6l, the correfponding lines are difpofed acrofs the anterior wings, in a fimilar manner ; but thefe, befides being lels con- iiderable in number, are neither zic-zac, nor pointed, for though in- dented, the angles are almoft uniformly rounded, fo aa to aii'ume a fcalloped inftead of pointed arch-like appearance. 5. Another difference fubfifts in the under wings, and which, as well as that of the upper uings, is conliderabie. In S. Couvolvuli the prevailing colour is grey, in the prefent fine rofe-colour ; m S. Convolvuli the black bands are four in number, in tiie prefent only three. The two middle bands in fome examples of S. Convolvuli are indeed confluent, but in no inilance whatever have wel een thofe bands fo clofely united as to conftitule only a fingle appa- rent band ; while in our prefent infeft, the middle of the win^s are traverfed by a fmgle band only, and that of a black colour, far more intenfe than we have ever obferved in the bands of S. Convolvuli, 6. The larva or caterpillar of Sphinx Convolvuli is of a fine green colour, with a fingle narrow darker green line along the back ; each of the fegments alfo are marked on the fides with an oblique whitifli yellow line, edged above with dufky or blackilh ; and four dufky fpots, two of which are placed adjacent to the anterior part of the dorfal line, and the others are on each fide contiguous to the fpiracles. This is the laft appearance it affumes before it pafles into the pupa form ; in the ftate previous to this last appearance, its colour is brown, M'ith the fides ochraceous. The larva of our prefent infe61: we have not feen, but from the drawing made by Mr. Abbot, and which we have atten- tively compared with the former, there can remain no doubt of its being altogether a difl:in6l fpecies. Thefe caterpillars, according to Abbot, are frequent in Georgia^ though the moth is rare, and in the 'TttL. XIV. C former 10 PLATE CCCCi^XTX. 1' former ftate its appearance muft be familiar, therefore, to this afliduous collector. Tlie prevailing colour in (his delineation is brown, with lon- gitudinal ftripes of pale orj^nge, rofy-white and yellow. Along the upper part of the back is a broad ftripe of faint orange, inclofing, on each joint, an oblong, or fomewhat ihuttle-form fpot of black, and which altogether exhibits a flightly interrupted or fubcatenated band : this is fucceeded beneath by a fufcous band of moderate breadth : a line ftili na! rower, and of a delicate rofy-white, runs parallel to this lowei edge of the fufcous band ; and beneath that the body is brown, with the exception of a yellow band, difpofed immediately under the feries of fpiracles. The lail mentioned band extends throughout the whole length, but is confluent on the anterior part of each fegment, and there becomes fo much p;oduced and curved backwards as to appear deeply falcated. This is the lail fkin of the larva according to Abbot. 7. The difference in the pupa ftate is not confiderable : they are nearly of the fame form and colour ; a fimilarity in this ftate is^ how- ever, obfervable in many infefts of very different fpecies. 8. Neither is it conclufive, from the nature of their food, that they muft be fpecifically allied, as vaft numbers of very diffimilar infefts are known to fublift on plants of the fame kind. — The European S. Con- volvuli feeds on the common bindweed Convolvulus Major, and the Georgian infe6l on the Convolvulus Batatas. 9. The time in which the Sphinx Convolvuli makes its firft appear- ance in the winged ftate, is about the middle of September. The larva of the other, Mr. Abbot informs us, w ent into the ground on tlie 20th of Auguft, and the fly came forth on the 11th of September: this w as in Georgia ; but in Virginia, w here he met with the fame fpe- cies, a larva of this kind buried itfelf on the 3d of OiTtober, and , did not produce the fly till the 30th of May following. We have thus endeavoured to ftate precifely every material circum- ikiice, within our own knowledge, that could poffibly tend to deter- mine PLATE CCCCLXIX. 11 mine in what particulars the two above-mentioned infects accord or difagree. For the prolixity of our ftatement we may claim fomc indul- gence, as it was deemed incumbent to lliew, that we were not dif- pofed, on very trivial grounds, to contradid an opinion fo generally prevalent, as that of the prefent infe6t being a variety only of S. Con- volvuli ; an opinion that feems to have obtained an uniform afcendancy over the minds of entomologifts in this country, and apparently of fome on the continent alfo. Thole infefts, when examined with fcrupulous attention, appear indeed to differ in fo many effential refpefts, that it would feem impoflible they could heretofore have been confidered fully, or we apprehend it would not have remained for us to point out their differences. Upon the whole, therefore, we feel imprelTed with the propriety of confidering them fpecifically diftinft^ though, at the fame time, it mufl be acknowledged, at the iirft view, they might be cafually admitted as varieties of each other. CS PLATE LIBRARY OF THE UKWERSITY OF ILU^iOlC ^0 C IS ] PLATE CCCCLXX. SCARAB^US GLOBOSUS. GLOBOSE BEETLE. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae clavate^ the club lamellate ; feelers four ; the anterior Ihauks ufually denticulate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. ScARABJEUS GLOBOSUS. Gloffy blackifli : head granulated : wing- cafes flriated. i^GiALiA CLOBOSA. Latr. Gen. Crujl. et Inf. — Aphodius. Illig. Fanzer. A few years ago we difcovered this curious infeft in fome plenty, feeding, as it appeared, on the remains of certain marine vermes of the Medufa tribe, thrown on the fandy Ihore of Barmouth, in the great bay of Cardigan, North Wales. Before that period we have reafoa to conclude this infe6l was unknown : it has been fince defcribed by Panzer and Latreille, botli of whom mention it as an inhabitant of maritime marihes. The fame infe6t has been aifo taken fmce we ob- ferved U PLATE CCCCCXX. ferved it at Barmouth, in fimilar fituations, in other parts of Britain. Mr. Hooke met with it near Hull, r.nd Mr. Leach, at Clonkeltyj in Ire- land. It therefore appears, upon the moft fatisfaftory information, to be a local fpecies, and one confined to marfliy and fandy places in th« vicinity of the fea. PLATE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUrJOiJ 4/i [ 15 ] PLATE CCCCLXXI. FIG. I. MUSCA MYSTACEA. DIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth with a foft exferted flefliy probofcis, and two equal lips : fucker furnifhed with briftles : feelers two, and fljort, or fometimei none : antenna generally Ihort. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Black : head, margin of the thorax and tip of the abdomen yellow. MuscA MYSTACEA : nigra, thorace abdominisque apice flavis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1793. Syrphus myftaceus. Fabr. Spec. Inf. T. 2. p. 421. 175. 1.— • Schcef. Ekm. t, 131 Icon. t. 10. /. 9. Inhabits woods. FIG. 16 PLATE CCCCLXXI. FIG. II. MUSCA MERIDIANA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Hairy, black : front golden : wings ferruginous at the bafe. MusCA MERIDIANA: nigra, fronte aurea, alis bafi ferrugineis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1827- Fabr. Sp. Inf. 2. p. 435. n. 3. Mufca nigra, alis bafi ferrugineis. Geoff. Inj\ 2. 495. 5. Common in woody places throughout moft parts of Europe. PLATE Of W^^^""^ •*7^ . [ 17 3 PLATE CCCCLXXII. LIBELLULA CANCELLATA. CANCELLATED DRAGON FLY. NEUROPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth armed with jaws, more than two in number : lip trifid : antennae very thin, fihform, and (liorter than the thorax : wings ex- panded : tail of the male furniflied with a forked procefs. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings immaculate at the bafe : abdomen on the back and fides in- terrupted with yellow. LiBELLULA CANCELLATA : alis ball immaculatis, abdomine, dorfo latevibufque intcrrupte luteis. Linn. Fn. Sncc. -iAQd.—SyJi. Nat 12. 544.— Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. p. 522. n. 15. — Mant. Inf. I. p. 337. n. 15. Tlie defcription which the work of Linneeus affords of his Libellula Cancellata is remarkable for its brevity, and as he refers to no other authority, fome diftruft might arife as to the identity of the infect in- tended, were it not materially diiferent from the other European fpe- cies ; infomuch, indeed^ that it cannot eafily, we fhould imagine, be VOL. XIY. D confounded IS PLATE CCCCLXXII. confounded with any other : the defcription, though concife, is expref- five, and perfeftly apphcable to the infecl before us. Fabricius fpeaks of the fpecies only in the words of Linnaeus. There is a figure of one of the LibeUulze in the work of Sulzer, given under the name of Cancellata, which nearly refembles the prefent infefct, but is fcarcely more than half its fize ; and this figure is repeated from the fame plate in the work of Roemer, but neither is referred to 'by Fabricius. The magnitude of L. Cancellata is not fpecified ; the figure appears to be tolerably correft, fo far at lead as to be under- ftood, and we ihould rather fufpefii it to be a dwarf example of the fame infe6t. The " Icones Inf. circa Ratijhon." of Schaeffer, plate 137, %• I. prefents another reprefentation, if we miftake not, of the fpecies Cancellata, in fize approaching much nearer to the fpecimen delineated in the annexed plate. It appears without any fpecific name, as ufual, in that work. Thefe are the only figures we at prefent recoUeft, that^ in our opinion, are to be efteemed fynonymous. This interefting infeft is delineated from a fpecimen in the cabinet •fMr.W. Leach, F.L.S. PLATE Of THE UNIVERSITY OF tLUriblS f-/3 C 19 ] PLATE CCCCLXXIII. CIMEX NIGRO LINEATUS. BLACK-LINED ELDER BUG. HEMIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Snout infle6led : antennae longer than the thorax : wings four, folded «crofs, the upper pair coriaceous on the fuperi®r part : back flat : thorax margined : legs formed for running. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Red : thorax with five black lines, fcutel with three : abdomen yel- low, with black dots. CiM£X NIGRO-LINEATUS : ruber: thorace lineis quinque, fcutello tribus nigris, abdoniine flavo : punftis nigris. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 341. n. 15.—Mant. Inf. 2. p. 281. 71. n.—Gmel. Linn. Syji. Nat. Q131. n. 6. — Schaff. elem. t. 44./. 1. Icon. t. 2.f. 3. This beautiful infe6l is found in vafl: abundance in the fouth of Europe, and infefts the flowers of the elder : in Britain the fpecies is very rare. D2 PLATE OF ^^^ ^p [ 21 ] ¥ PLATE CCCCLXXIV. BEMBEX OCTO-PUNCTATA. OCTO-PUNCTATED WASP. HYMENOPTEKA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth horny, with arched and pointed jaws : tongue infle6led and quinquefid : upper Hp much advanced : feelers four, fliort, unequal, filiform : antennae filiform, the first joint thrice the length of the others : eyes large, and occupying the whole fides of the head : body glabrous : fting pungent, and concealed in the abdomen. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Bembex Octg-punctata. Greenifli, varied with bands and lines of black : two black dots on each of the firft four fegments of the abdomen. The fmaller figure in the annexed plate denotes the natural fize of Bembex o6lo-pun6lata ; the enlarged reprefentation being intended to exprefs its appearance before the lens of the opake microfcope. We are not aware that any fpecies of the Bembex genus has been before defcribed or mentioned as a native of this country. The genus is rather limited in point of number, and is confined, with few excep- tions, to extra European climates. Bembex roftrata is the moft Gommon of the Eiuopean kinds^ and is found in France, and other parts «2 PLATE CCCCL%XW. parts of the continent, m fome abundance, but has never, to our knoW' ledge, occurred in England. Our prefent infecl, and' which is pro- bably the only example of its kind hitherto difcovered in tiiis country, was taken by the late Mr. Drury, and is preferved in his cabinet now in our poffeflion. Though extremely rare, it is not, however, to be confidered as an unique infect, except as a Britiih fpecies, for we have obferved two examples of the fame kind in the fplendid entomological collection of our worthy friend, A. M'Leay, Efq. F. R. S. \ PLATE OF THE . UNIVERCJTV OF ILL:\'OfS 475 C 23 ] PLATE CCCCLXXV. SCOLOPENDRA HORTENSIS. GARDEN CENTIPEDE. APTERA. * ' GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennae fetaceous : feelers two, filiform, and united between the jaws : lip toothed and cleft : body long, depreffed, confining of nu- merous tranfverfe fegments : legs numerous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ScoLOPENDRA HORTENSIS : fufcous : legs on each fide twenty-onCr i This Centipede appears to be of an undefcribed fpecies : it was dlfcovered, in fome abundance, by Mr. W. Leach, in the gardens at Exeter. The natural fize of this iufe6t is delineated in the lower part of the annexed plate ; and from this it will be obferved, that the fpecies is of the more diminutive kind. In its general afpeft it bears a very ftrong analogy to the great venemous Centipede of the eaftem parts of the world, Scolopendra niorfitans. The refemblance is indeed fo ftriking, that notwithftanding the difparity of fize, were it not for the prefent fpecies differing, in having a pair of legs more than that in- feft, we Ihould not be inclined to think it fpecifically diftin6t. The Mumber of legs iu the Scolopendra genus is admitted by entomological writeri 24 PLATE CCCOLXXV. writers as a criterion of the fpecies, and for this reafon it is fubmitted as a new infe6l. The figure in the upper part of the plate exhibit* its magnified appearance. PLATE OF THE umvERsiTY Of ia« *76 -^ ^ C 25 3 PLATE CCCCLXXVI. FIG. I. I. ICHNEUMON LEUCORH.EUS. WHITE-TAILED ICHNEUMON. GEXElilC CHAllACTEU. Mouth with a ftialght horny membranaceous bifid jaw : the tip rounded and ciliated : mandibles curved, Iharp; lip cylindrical, inem- branaceous at the tip, and einargMiate ; feelers lour, unequal, and liii- form, and feated in the middle of the lip : anteniiie ietaceous, of more than thirty articulations : fliug exferted, inciofed in a cyliudrical iheatli compofed of two valves, and not pungent. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, ^ Ichneumon Leucorh.eus. Head and thorax black: body fubr globofe, and M;f;xis, tCi iniuatmg in a black band, and yello\\irii wiiue tip. Ichneumon o^togehmus primus. Schcclf. Icon. nl. IST'/'a- !• • The fmaller figure denotes the natural fize of this curious mro6l, the larger being conliderably magmlied. The globofuy of theabd'-ineu is remarkable, but not peculiar to tbi'. Ipe'^ies : its legs are brown ai;d black, and the antenuie ratlujr longer than liie whigs. We have rcatoa to believe this a rare fpccies. VCL. XIV. IIG. 25 PLATE CGC€LXXVI. FIG. II. IL ICHNEUMON COSTATOR. YELLOW-IM.VRGINEE) ICHNEUMOUj SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Ichneumon costator. Head and thorax black: body black, with the furroiinding margin, and edge of the legmeuts yellow. A minute fpecies, the natural fize of which is reprefented by the fmaller figure, No. I. P L A T B OF THE &/ERSaV Of ILl'^^OiS m [ ^ ] t^LATE CCCCLXXVIL FIG. L GARABUS SYCOPHANTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. » Antennae filiform : feelers generally fix, the laft joint obtufe and ti'uncated : thorax flat and margined : wing-cafes margiuate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ANO SYNONYMS. Winged : ihining violet : wing-cafes green-gold and ftriated* CaRABUS SYCOPHANTA ! alatus violacco-nitens : elytris ftriatis au- reis. Fabr. Sp. Inf. 1. p. 303. n. 26. — Mant. InJ. 1. p. 197. w. 34. CaRABUS bycopHANTA: aureo-nitens, thorace coeruleo, elytris aureo-viridibus ftriatis, thorace fubatro. Linn. Fn. Suec. 790. — Gmel. Linn. Si/Ji. Nat. 1966. n. 12. — Geoffr. Lif. p. \. p. 144. n. 5. — Reautn, Inf. 2. t. 37. /. \%.—Sulz. Hiji. Lif. t. 7. /. 1. — Bergjir. Nomencl. 1. t. 12./. 1. 2. One of the largeft and moft fplendid of the European Carabi, and Vrhich has not, till vei7 lately, been difcovered in England. It is mentioned, in the firft inftance, by Dr. Turton, as a Britifli fpecics, £ 2 and IS PLATE CCCCa^XXVlI. and has, fince tliat lime, been met wiUi by entomological colle6^ors> both in Norfolk and Ireland. Mr, Hooker, F. L. S. pofleffes an example taken in IZngland. I FIG II. II. i CARABUS CRUX MAJOR. LARGER CRDCIATE CARABUS. SPECIFIC CHAUACTER AND sryoKYMs. 'i'lioiax and head black and downy : wing-cafes feriuginous, with » black crofs. Cavabus crux-major: thorace capitque nigro-villofa, coleoptris fernigineis : criice nigra. Linn. Syfl. Nat. 673. Stjk — Faun. Succ. SOS. -—Fabr. Fnt. Syjl. 1. a. ]()0. \5Q.—Gmel. 1978. SQ.—MnrJh. Ent. Sijijt. T. 1 . /;. 47 I . Carabus BiprsTULATUs. Fahr. Stjji,'Ent. 207. 59. — Sp. Inf. 1. 3IL'. 74. Le Chevalier noir. Gcojfr. 1. loO. \~. IJupreiUs cruciata. Fanz. I oel. 2. 70. 7. t. 34. J'. 7. Ad ji-fecl of elegant formation, very beautiful In colour, and of the greater interefl; to the Engliih naturahii, as being lare. The black Ciuciate mark on the red >vii;g-cales conllitute a chaia^er of much fiugulurity. PLATE CCCCLXXVII. «9 fmgularity. The fpecies is of a moderate fize, or rather finally and appears to peculiar advantage when magnified. The fmaller figure on the blade of grafs in the upper part of the plate exhibits the natural fize ; the magnified figure is enlarged to about the magnitude of Carabus Sycophanta, a fize which admits of its being depicted with the greater fidelity. PLATE v»«s 419 ^"^ [ 33 ] PLATE CCCCLXXIX. FIG. I. PHALiENA PECTINATARIA. GREEN CARPET MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae gradually tapering from the bafe ; wings in general deflefted when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Phal^NA Pectinataria. Anterior wing.s greenifh, with bafe, and two denticulated bands darker : two fufccus V-like marks on the coital margin, and fufcous fpot near the tip : pofterior wings with a band of dots below the middle. Phal^ena Pectinataria. Marjh. M.S. One of the moft frequent of the moth tribe, diftipguiftied by the name of " Carpets." VOL. XIV. F FIG. 34 PLATE CCCCLXXIX. FIG. 11. PHAL^NA PvUPTATA. BROKEN BAR, or IIORXSEY CARPET MOTH, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PlIALwUNA RUPTATA. Anterior ^viug.5 fubteftaceous : bafe, inter- rupted broad band in the middle^, and fpot at the tip fufcous, jagged, and margined with white : pofterior wings pale, with central dot. Geometra RUPTATA. H'tih. Sihmet. Geoni. 57- 295. — Sejjp. p. 11. /;/. 14? An elegant and by no means abundant fpecies, found in the woods during the month of June. This infeft appears to be rather local, and from being ufually taken by collectors in the woods of Hornfey, has long iince obtained among them the trivial appellation of the Hornfey Carpet Moth. FIG PLATE CCCCLXXIX. 3A riG. III. PHAL.ENA MIATA. AUTUMN GREEN CARPET. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PiiAL^NA MIATA. Wings grey-gieeu, with three greeniih bands ; the middle one waved with brown : pofterior wings pale, with faint fcalloped bands, and central dot. Phaljena MiATA : alis grifeis : fafclis tribus viridibus: inter media latiore fufco midata. Litm. Sj/Jl. Nat. 2. 869. 249.— Ckrk. Icon. pi. 8. fig. 2. Phal.i:na MIATA. Fab. Ent. Si/ji. 3. 180. 183. Appears in the winged ftate late in Autumn, whence it has obtained the name of Airtumn Green Carpet. The fpecies varies in point of colouring as w ell as fize, and alfo feenis to be very local, if not rare. Among the colleftors near Loudon, it is rather better known by the title of Dartford Green Carpet, (iVoin being met with chiefly in the woods adjacent to the town of Dartford, in Kent) than by that of Autumn (:heen Carpet. F 2 PLATE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUKC y ^ \ [ 37 ] PLATE CCCCLXXX. CARABUS MELANOCEPHALUS. BL/ICK HEADED CARABUS, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna) filiform : feelers generally fix, the laft joint obtufe and truncated : thorax flat, and margined : wing-cafes marginate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Thorax and legs ferruginous : head and wing-cafes black. Carabus MELANOCEPHALUS: thorace pedibufque ferrugineis, elytris capiteque atris. Linn. Fn. Suec. 7Q5. — Gmel. Linn. Syjl. Nat. 1973. n. 22.— Fabr. Sp. Inf. l.jj.SlO.n. 64.—Mant. Inf. l.p. 202. n. QQ.—Marpi. Ent. Brit. 1. 438. Id. J3upreilis dorfo rubro. Panz. Voet. 2. 73. 15. Le Buprefte uoir k corcelet rouge. Geoff. 1. l62. 42. The fniall figure in the annexed plate denotes the natural fize. Linnaeus defcribes it as a fylvan fpecies. We met with it in plenty in the woods of Erdig, Denbighfliire. PLATE LIBRARY OF m UNiVERSiTY or ILL::«3!S 481 ,C 39 ] PLx\TE CCCCLXXXI. PAPILIO ARGIOLUS. AZURE BLUE BUTTERFLY. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae clubbed at the end : wings ereSt when at reft. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings without a tail : above blue, with black margin : beneath blueifli, with black dots. pAPiLio Argiolus : alis ecaudatis fupra coeruleis margine nigris, fubtus carulefcentibus: pun6lis nigris difperfis. Imn. Fn. Suec. lOlQ.^Gmel. Syfi. Nat. T. 1. p. 5. 2550. 234. Hesperia Argiolus. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 123. w. 551. — Mant. Inf.^. p. 73. n. 686. Papilio Argiolus is a very beautiful fpecies : the female, vihich is rather larger than the male, is of a vivid azure blue on the upper fur- face ; the female blueiHi, inclining to purple : the under furface in both are very nearly limilar. Tlie 40 'PLATE CCCCLXXXI. The larva of this butterfly is rarely met with : in the fly fl:ate th ipecies is not uncommon^ appearing about the middle of the day, ia funny weather, on the flcirts of meadows : one brood in the month of June or July, and another the latter end of Augufl;. The larva is to feed on grafs. 4 PLATE i.(BRARr OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLir.'Ols *82 r t 41 ] PLATE CCCCLXXXII. GRYLLUS RUFUS. I RUFOUS GRASSHOPPER. HEMIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Head infle6led, armed with jaws : feelers filiform : antennae feta- ceous or filiform : wings four^ defle6led, convolute : the lower ones plaited : hind legs formed for leaping : claws double on all the feet. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tliorax cruciate : body fufcous : abdomen rufous : antennas fub- clavated and pointed. Gryllus RUFUS : thorace cruciato, corpore rufo, elytris grifeis, aa- tennis fubclavatis acutis. Gmel. Linn. Si/ji. JSat. 2081. w. 56. — Gryllus antennis fubclavatis acutis. Linn. Fn. Suec 629. Gryllus fuscus : abdomine rufo, antennis fubclavatis. Fabr, Sj). Lif. \.p, 371. n. 48.—A[ant. Inf. l.p. 239. n. 55. Sch(Ef. Icon, tab. 136. Jig, 4,5? ▼01. xiT. G Th« 42 PLATE CCCCLXXXII. .| Tlie ftrufture of the antennse in this fpecies of grafshopper is alto* gether fingular and chara6^eriftic, the extreme end being dilated int4 a pretty conliderable capitulum of a cl^niprelTed fiibo\^te form, ter4 minating in nearly an acute point ; and which at the firit view bea a itrong refemblance to the antennae of certain fpecies of the papi« liones. Appearances of this kind are rare in the Gryllus tribe ; th« fpecies clavicornis, a native of Surinam, has antennae nearly corre- fponding, and we polTefs another Briliili fpecies, the antcnnsE of which are conftrutSled in a limilar manner* A\ e muft acknowledge, that it appears foniewhat anomalous to place • tliefe infe6b with clavated antennas, among the true Grvlli, one deci- five charafter of \\hich conliils in tlie antennce being filiform; notwith- ftanding their llmilitude in other particulars, they might, perhaps, with far mure propriety, conftitutc a diftinCt genus. This fpecies is of the fize reprcfented, and it is to be obfer\'ed, that the auienme in one fex is laiger than in the other. , Gryllus rufus is defcribed as being very common in fterile fields in various parts of Euiope : on the banks in the Batterfea meadows, near the river, it is obferved in fonie abundance during the month of September, as we are iufo^med by Mr. J^^ach. PLATE 483 [ 43 3 PLATE CCCCLXXXIIL SIRFX DROMEDARIUS. DROMEDARY SAW-FLY. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Mouth with a thick horny truncated fhort denticulated mandible : feelers four, the pofterior ones longer and thicker upwards : antenna* filiform, of more than twenty-four equal articulations : fting exiei ted, ferrated, ftiflf : abdomen feflile, terminating in a point : wings lanceo- late, incumbent, the lower ones fliorter. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND I^YNONYMS. Abdomen black, rufous in the middle, with a white dot on the fide of each fegment : fiianks white at the bafe. SiREX DROMEDARIUS : abdomine atro : medio rufo ; punfito un- trinque albo, tibiis bafi albis. Fabr. Eut. Si/ft, T. 2. p. 128'. 16 — Jiofs. Fn. Etr. ^, 34. 737.— Gmcl. 2673. 5. • a Thie 44 PLATE CCCCLXXXIIT. This elegant little infeft is moft accurately and minutely defcribed by Fabricius *, from a fpecimen taken at Kiel, in Pruffia, and pre- ferved in the cabinet of Daldorf. According to Roflius, it is alfo i native of Italy. We believe the fpecies has not been before noticed a an inhabitant of Britain. Our d.awings are taken from a fpecimen in the cabinet of Mr. W, I^eiich, F. L. S, The fmaller figure denotes the natural lize. It fliould be obferved^ that the antennae do not ftrictly agree with thofe of the Sirex genus in general^ the joints being fewer in number, and exhibiting alfo fome lefs niateiial difference in their general ftru6lure. * Slatura & fumma affiriitas S. Camell. Caput globofura, nigrum lineolis duabui yertifalibus aliiis. Ihorax amice augtiftatus, nigcrpuntto ante alasalbo. Alffi oblcurJBi AbdoMiiiiis fegmentum 1, 2 nigra, S, 4, 5, 6, 7 rufa, 8 nigrum macula utrinque alba^ 9 nigrum, immaculatum. PLATE OF 1HE HKIVFRSITY OF lUWOlS 1'84 ^t ^1^0^ c^ ^^^'^f^«^^^4%;?: ■jCo^' ^ x/^p- [ 45 ] PLATE CCCCLXXXIV. CARABUS CEPHALOTES. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae filiform : feelers generally fix^ the laft joint obtufe and truncated : thorax flat and margined : wing-cafes marginate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Deep black, thorax attenuated beliind, the pofterlor margin rugofc with dots : wing-cafes fmooth, and fcarcely ftrialed. ■Carabus CEPHALOTES : ater, tliorace poftic^ attenuato_, margine poftico puntlato-rugofo, elytris laivibus obfole- tiilim^ ftriatis. Ma)Jh. Ent. Brit. T. 1. 472. n. 107. Carabus cephalotes : apterus, elytris atris laevibus, thorace exferto oblongo. Linn. Fn. Suec. 788. — GmeL Linn. Syft. Nat. T. V.p.^. 19S4. 9. Carabus cephalotes : apterus ater laeviflimus, thorace orbicu- lato convexo. Fabr. Sp. Inf. 1, p. 304. n. 27. —Mant, LiJ. \.p. 198. n. 39- ScARiTEs CEPHALOTES. Panz. Ent. Germ. 37. 5. Pfeudocupie major. Panz. Voet. 2. 64.' 2. t. S^.f. 2. Found on fandy fliores of the fen. PLATE LIORARY OF THE UNlVERGlir OF ILLINOIS fSo C 47 ] PLATE CCCCLXXXV. FIG. I. II. PHAL^NA LINEATARIA. PALE TRIPLE-BAR MOTH. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae gradually tapering from the bafe to the tip : tongue fpiral : wings in general clefle6ted when at reft. Fly at night. * GEOMETRA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PhaL4sNA LINEATARIA. Pale: anterior wings with an oblique bilineated band at the bafe : trilineated band near the tip : bar in the middle angulated^ and Inclofing a dot near the coftal margin : pofterior pair lubli- neated : exterior margin of all the wings dotted. This we are inclined to confider as an extremely rare fpecies. The fpecimen reprefented in the upper part of the plate^ and to which the figure I. is annexed, will be obferved, at the firft view, to differ from that fhewn beneath at figure II. in the diftinftnefs of its markings; but this alone feems to conftitute their real difference, as every lineation in the lower fpecimen accords with thofe exhibited in the infefit fliewn above. The latter appears to be either a pale variety, or an example of the fpecies in lefs perfeft condition than the other. Both infers are ihewu in their natural fize. FIG. 4» PLATE CCCCLXXXV. FIG. III. PHAL^NA RUBRO-VIRIDATA. BULLSTRODE GREEN CARPET JNIOTH. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PtiALiENA EUETio-viRiDATA. Anterior wings greenifli, tingec! with rufous : bafe and broad band in the middk fubfurcoLis : pofterior wings browniih. PlIAL^NA EUBRO-VIRIDATA. Maijh. M.S. Phalaina psittacata. Fabr. Ent. Si/ft. 3. 195. 238 '<^ Occurs in the winged ftate in the month of October. We are not without fufpicion, that the motli reprefented in that fcarce work, the " Icoms" of Clerk, (fig. 8. pi. 4.) may be intended for an iufe6l of this fpecies. The figure appears without any name. PLATE OF THE fSb ^ -^-s; t 49 3 PLATE CCCCLXXXVI. CARABUS CREPITANS. JNIUSKETEER BEETLE, » GENT.niC r.HABACTEIi. AntennsB filiform : feelers generally fix^ the laft joint obtufe, and truncated ; thorax flat and margined ; wing-cafes marginate. SPECIFIC CSAEACTER AND SYNONYMS. Jleadj thorax, and legs ferruginous : wing-cafes blue- black. CabABUS crepitans : capite thorace pedibufque ferrugineis, elytris nigris. Linn. Syfl. Nat. OTl/lS. — Fn. Suec. 792.— Fabr. S^Ji. Ent. 242. 35. Sp. 1. 307. 44.—Mant. 1. 200. 6l.—Panz. Ent. Germ. 51. So.^Oliv. 3. S5. G4. %0.—MarJh. Ent. Brit. 1.468. 96. Jji Buprefte a tcte^ corcelet, et pattes rouges et etius bleus. Geoffr*. 1. 151. 19. An iufe6l of fmall fize that inhabits Europe, and is fometimes found in England, where it is far from common, TOL. XIV, H This 60 PLATE CCCCLXXXVI. ' This fpecies is remarkable only for the peculiar mode of defpnce which it iuftiiiftively adopts when clolely »purfued by carnivorous in- feGtsy or other enemies : on thefe occafions, it emits a diftin6lj and rather loud noife_, either from the vent^ or, as fome fupppfe, from the friction of the wing-cafes. This found it has the ability to repeat feveral times, and which, it may be imagined, is feldom exerted with- out fuccefs ; the unexpefted explofion for the moment alarming or repulfing its purfuer, and allowing, by that means, a convenient inter= yal for the iufeft purfued to efFefit its efcape. An enlarged figure of this infe6l is jjiveu with its natural ljze« ?LAT3| OF tH£ ■^S' C 51 3 tLATE CCGCLXXXVIL FIG. I. I. PHAL^NA TESTACEATA. PALE SCALLOP MOTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennae gradually tapering from the bafe to the tip : tongue fpiral; wings in general detie6ted when at reft. Fly at night. I * GEOMEtRA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Phal^na Testaceata. Whitiili, with numerous teftaceous fcal-* loped lines : a common broad pale band in the middle ; and marginal feries of oblong black dota. The Infe6l from whence the above defcription and annexed figures are taken, is the only example of its fpecies we have feen, and hence we are inclined to couiider it exceedingly fcarce, if not perfectly unique. The fmaller figure exemplifies the natural iize. H d f IG. 5ft PLATE CCCCLXXXVn. FIG. H. PHAL^NA CUNEATA, CUNEATE MOTH. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. pHALSlNA CuNEATA. Anterior wings fufcons, with two pale broad bands^ the inner one angiilated, and the exterior marked in the middle with a Angle feries of cuneate fufcous fpots. A fpecies of very ftriking appearance, and fufficiently diftinguiflied by the feries of wedge-formed fpots difpofed along the pale exterior band of the upper wings. The fufcous ground colour forms a pretty broad and diltinft band in the middle of the wings, and is further cha- ra6terized by an oblong, and fomewhat paler fpot, contiguous to the anterior margin, as well as a geminous or rather bipupillate fpot at the pollerior edge of the fame band. The lower wings are whitifli, witk pale fufcous fcalloped marginal lines, and a dufky dot in the middle. PLATE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILL!::OiS 488 I 53 3 PLATE CCCCLXXXVIIL CARABUS COMPLANATUS. SAND CARABUS. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae filiform : feelers generally fix, the laft joint obtufe and truncated : thorax flat and margined : wing-cafes marginate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER . AND SYNOlSfYMS. Pale : two black-waved lines on the wing-cafes. CARABtJS COMPLANATUS : pallidas, elytris fafciis duabus undulatis nigris. Linn. Si/Ji. Nat. 2. 67 1. 17. CarabuS ARENARIUS : pallidas elytris maculis duabus dorfalibus atris. Fabr. Spec. Inf. J. 305. 34. — Syjl, Ent. 241. 2Q.—Mant. InJ. l.p. I99. w, 46. The very elegant and interefting fpecies of Carabus, at prcfent before us, appears to be the original C. Cotnplanatus of Linnseus : this we learn from the authentic fpecimen of that infe6t defcribed by Linnaeus himfelf, and which, conftitutin? a p.ut of the Linnsean cabinet, is now in the poffeflion of Dr. Smiih. The U PLATE CCCC7. XXXVIII. The fame infefit is, beyond difpute, the genuine Carabus arena^ rius of Fabricius, as may be clearly afceitained from the original example of that fpecies defcribed by Fabrichis in the Bankfian cabi- net. Fabricius was doubtlefs not aware that it had been previoufly defcribed, and therefore, from its habits of life, very appofitely affigaed it the fpecific name of arenarius : the Linnsean name, how- ever, deferves the prefei ence in point of priority, axid, being perfe^ly admiffiblej Ihould in candour be retained. Linnaeus, perhaps on authority not fufTiciently explicit, fpeaks of his fpecies Complanatus as an inhabitant of the ifland of St. Domingo. It is poflible, his information in this refpecl might be corre6l, but we are rather inclined to think it doubtful. Its exiftence, as a Britilh ijpeciesy is determined in the moil conclufive niannei'. It will not be improper to obferve, that the firft example of this fpe- cies, difcovered in Britain, was taken, fome years ago, by Sir Jofeph Banks on the fandy ihores of Wales^, a circumftance to which Fabricius adverts, thoughr flightly. From the time of its difcovery, we have reafon to believe it was not again obferved till within a very recent period^ when, on further fearch about the fame fliores whefe it was firft obferved, it was again foujid, and in coafiderable plenty. During the. fammer of the year 1809, it was taken in abundance under the drift- wood on the fliores near Cromllyn Burrows, in the vicinity of Swan- fea, by Mr. W. Leach, F. L. S. ; and prior to that period, Mr. L. W. Dillwyn, F. L. S. met with it on the fands below the town of New- ton;^ in Glamorganfliire. In a living ftate, this curious infeft appears uncommonly pellucid, and tbis appearance is retained in a certain degree even in the exam- ples dried, and prepared for the cabinet : the general colour is pale teftaceous, or yellowifti, with the extreme tips of the jaws and eyes brown. The two black or deep brown fpols on the back conftitute dillinO; denticulated bands ; and two or more of the longitudinal ftriae, which interfe6i the pale tranfverfe baud betwseu thofe fpots, are likewifft PLATE CCGCLXXXVIII. $3, likewife black. The whole of the lower furface, with the leg^ an^ aQtennze^ are pale yellowifh teftaceous. In conclusion we ought to mention^ that this infe£l varies materially in the form, and alfo in the iptenfity of the l?la<:k or dvilky nwrks on ^\ie wing-cafes. IP L ATI OF THE J8^ C 57 J PLATE CCCCLXXXIX. APIS MANICATA. MANICATED BEE. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth liortiy : jaw and lip membranaceous at the tip : tongue in- fle6led : feelers four^ unequal^ and filiform : antennae fliort and filiform iu the male, in the female fubclavated : whigs flat : fting of the fe- males and neuters pungent, and concealed in the abdomen. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Cinereous, abdomen bjack, with yellow lateral fpots : tail armed with five teeth. Apis manicata : cinerea, abdomine nigro, maculis flavis lateribus, ano quinque dentato. Fabr. Ent. Sj^jL n. 73. Apis manicata : nigra, pedibus anticis hirfutillimis, abdo.nme ma- culis lateribus, ano tridentato. Linn. Sj/ji. Nat* 12. n. 28. — Fn. Suec. 1701. Fourcroy. Ent. Par. n. 3. Geof. Hijl. Inf. Par. 2. 408. n. 3. Kirbi/. Jp. Angl. V. 2. 248. 47. VOL, xir, I The 58 PLATE CCCCLXXXIX. The five diftin6l denticles at tlie extremity of the abdomen form an excellent fpecifical diftinction of this kind of bee. The fpecies is very common in feme parts of Britain. When on the wing, it is ob- ferved to hover over flowers in the fame manner as Sphinx Stellata- rum : the Glechoma hederacea (ground. ivy) appears to be its fa- vourite^ being found during the greater part of the fummer on beds of thele fragrant plants. When the female prepares to conilrucl the nidus in which the infant brood is to be depofiled^ Ihe feeks a convenient hollow in old palings, the cavity of a wall, or other retreat eligible for her reception ; and having determined the fpot, fhe next reforts to fome tomentous or woolly kind of . plant, to obtain materials for the completion of her otjeiTt. The portion of down required flie ftrips or fliaves off with aftonilliing celerity and addrefs, conveys it away to her hiding- place in bundles between her head and fore legs^ and repeats her vifjts till the quantity procured prove fufficient for her ufe. She then proceeds to line the infide of the cavity with the down, and lays her eggs, each of which is enveloped in a feparate covering, compofed of the fame vegetable materials. Some accurate obfervers of the habits of this induftrious little in- feS; have been led to imagine, that it employs only the tomentum or down of one particular kind of plant, namely, that of Agroftemma coro- naria ; and it does indeed appear, from the refult of their remarks, that the nidus is in general conftru6led with the down of this fpecies of vegetables. There is neverthelefs fome reafon for believing, that the down collected for this purpofe is not on every occafion confined exclufively to the plant before mentioned. PLATE OF THE u^5W£Rs;ty of um^ 4()() PLATE CCCCXC. FIG. I. MUSCA INANIS. DIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth with a foft exferted ftefliy probofcis, and two equal lips : fucker furniflied with bi illles : feelers two, and fhort^ or fometimes none : antennae generally Ihort. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Brown : abdomen pale yellow, with three black bands. MuscA INANIS : antennis plumatis pilofa flavefcens, abdomine pel- lucido cingulis duobus nigris. Linn. Sj/Ji. Nat, XII. 2. p. 989- n. Ql.^Fn. Suec. 1825. Syrphus INANIS : fufca, abdomine pellucido : cingulis tribus nigris. Fabt\ Spec. Inf. 1. p. 435. n. 1. — Mant. Inf» I. p. 342. n. 1. Mufca apivora. Degeer. Inf 6. p. 56. n. 3. t. 3.f. 4. Volucella fexta. S chaff. Icon. pL 36. ^g. 7.8, This is an interefting fpecies, and not common : the figure denotes the natural fize. 15 FIG. 6o PLATE CCCCXC. FIG. 11. MUSCA HIRSUTA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Deep black, gloffy, and befet with long briftly hairs : wings blackifli, at the bafe fubfufcous. MuscA TREMULA. Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 442. «. 32? The prefent infefil bears a ftrong relemblance to the Mufca grofla, of which it might be confidered, at the firft view, as a dwarf variety, being rather lefs than half the fize of that fpecies. As in Mufca grofTa, the thorax and abdomen are befet with ftiff briftly hairs, but thefe are more numerous, and at leaft twice the length in proportion, in the prefent fpecies, to thofe on the former infefit. The Mufca hyftrix of Drury is very fimilar to this in appearance;, but is larger : it approaches, however, ftill nearer the infe6t called b^ Harris (Expof.) Mufca obfidiauus, than Mufca hyftrix. From the cabinet of Dr. Letfom. PJ.ATI5 LIORARY OF TK£ UNIVERSHY Of ILLI^'OiS #0/ .e..;,^;-fe ^^^^: [ Cl ] PLATE CCCCXCI. CERAMBYX CORIARIUS. L/VRGE ELM CERAMBYX, COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae fetaceous : eyes lunate, and embracing the bafe of the antenn£e : feelers four : thorax Ipinous, or gibbous ; wing-cafes hnear: body oblong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Thorax three-toothed ; body pitchy : wing-eafes mucronate : an- tennae (horter than the 1)ody. CjiRA&jBYX CORIARIUS : thorace trideutato, corpore piceo, elytris mucronatisj antenais brevioribus. Linn. Syjt» Nat. 622. T.—Fn. Suec. 6i7.—GmeL 1815. 7. Mar/h. Ent. Brit. T. \. p. 323. 1. pBiONUS CORIARIUS. Fabr. Syjl. Ent. t. 24. /. 4. — Spec. Irif. 1. 206. ^—Mant. 1. 129- 13 Ent, Sy/i. i,h, Panz. Faun. Germ. Q. t. 8. Cerambyx Prionus. Degeer, v. 59 I. t. 3,f, 5, JU Prione, Geof. 1^8. 1. t- S.f. 5. BoA 62 PLATE CCCCXCI. Both fexes of this curious beetle are reprefented in the annexed plate, the male in the attitude of crawling^n the ground, the female in the act of flight. The female is rather larger than the male, and has the antenna of a more fetaceous form. The antennae of the other fex are remarkable for their magnitude, and contribute very materially to the interelling appearance of the infe6l. Cerambyx Coriarius is the moll confpicuous infeft, in point of fize, among the Britifh cerambyces, {^nd is always confidered as a fcarce and valuable fpecies. It is found chiefly in decayed woodj morf efpecially in the trunka of rotten elms. PLATE LIBRARY OF THE UKiVEUSltY OF li-i---:013 4^2 [ €3 3 PLATE CCCCXCII. APIS MELLIFICA. COMaiON BEE. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth horay : jaw and lip membranaceous at the tip : tongue in- flected : feelers unequal, and filiform : antennas fliort and filiform in the males : in the female fubclavated : wings flat : fting of the females and neuters pungent^ and concealed in the abdomen. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. t Pubefcent : thorax greyifti : abdomen brown : pofterior flianks ciliated and tranfverfely ftriate within. Apis MELLIFICA: pubefcens, thorace fubgrifeo, abdomine fufco, tibiis pofterioribus cihatis : intus tranfverfe ftriatis. Linn. Fn. Suec. \697.-^Fabr. Sp. Inf. 1, ^. 480. w. 37. — Mant. Inf. 1, p. 302. n. 42. Apis domeftica five vulgaris. . Ray. Infed. p. 240. Apis gregaria, Geoff. Inf. Par. 2. p. 407. n. I. Reaum. Inf. 5. Tab. 21, 22, 23. The 64 PLATE CCCCXCn. The Common Honey Bee is rarely found in a wild ftate in Britain: fuch as occur in this ftate of nature build nells in the hollows of de- cayed trees, which they iahabit in large f«cieties, and are faid to ob- ferve the fame order and policy in the regulation of their community as when domefticated in the hive. The figures in the annexed plate are from examples difcovered wild. The two upper figures reprefent the male and female, that in the lower part of the plate is the figure of the neuter. The male or drone is diftinguifiied by having the eyes remarkably large, and approximate behind, and alfo by the abdomen being robuft, and fomewhat obtufe ; in the female, or queen bee, the eyes are fmall and remote, the wings fmaller, and the abdomen remarkably large, elongated, and conic. The neuters are the working bees, and it is the office of thofe induf- trious creatures to colle61; the neclareous juices of flowers for making honey and wax, to feed and proteft the young, and defend their fociety againft every affailant. PLATE L'BR/\RY' -^ THE V Of iir";oo -*93 [ 65 1 PLATE CCCCXCIII. FIG. I. PHALiENA BERBERATA. BARBERRY MOTH. LEPIDOTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae gradually tapering from the bafe : wings in general de- fie^ed when at rell. Fly by night. * GEOMETRA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER / STNONYMS. Anterior wings cinereous and fubrufous, with three brown lineate bands, the pofterior one inclofiug a pale e. PHALyENA Berberata : feticornis alis anticis cinereis : fafciis tri- bus fafcis : pofteriori nigro undata. Fabr. Mant, Inf. T. 2. p. 203. n. 154.— Ent. Syjl. T. 3. p. 2. 182. 189. Geometra Berbekata. Der Gauerdorn Spanner. Wiener Fcrz. p. 113. et No. 23. Geometra Berbkrata Jungs Alphabet. Bcrzdchn. 1. p. It). —W.p. S70. .▼OL. XIV, K Pha- 66 PLATE CCCCXCIII. Phaljexa Berbekata. Der Gauerdorn Spanner. Khem. Beytr. Naturf. Inf. Cefch. p. 32. n. 9. This pretty Moth is produced, according to Fabricius, from a fca- brous laiTa of a brown colour, varied with rufous and white, and which, according to the continental writers in general, as well as Fa- bricius, is found on the common barberry, berbeiis vulgaris. The larva we have not feen, but, from a minute defcription and plate in the latter part of the Supplement of Kleeman's Beytraege, we are enabled to fpeak of it in more precife terms than Fabricius, and alfo to defcribe its pupa. The larva is of the looper kind, and rather thick in pro- portion to the length ; of a brownifh colour, with black dots, and two Ihort black parallel lines at the pofterior extremity, extending the length of the three or four laft fegments. The pupa is chefnut brown, rather inclining to an ovate form, and is inclofed in a fpinning woven between two or three leaves, which are drawn nearly together for that purpofe. The fpecies occurs in the winged ftate, as a native of Britain, in feveral cabinets, though we have never underftood it to be common. We have named it the Barberry Moth, in allufion to the plant on which the larva ufually feeds : among the Engliih colleftors, it bears two or more indefinite appellations. FIO. PLATE CCCCXCIIL C; FIG II. PHALiENA RUMIGERATA. - SCALLOPED-WING FOUR-DOT MOTH. S^-LCmC CHARACTER. pHAL^NA RUMIGERATA. Wings deeply angulated, produced be- hind, and fcalloped : pale teftaceous, with two tranfverfe dark lines on the anterior wings, and one on the pollerior : a fufcous dot in the middle of each w ing. The elongated form of the wings, and depth of the remarkably pro- duced pofterior extremity of the lower pair, fufficiently diftinguiih this from the following fpecies. The example, from which the above figure is taken, appertains to the collection of the late Mr. Drury. K« FIG. 68 PLATE CCCCXCIIL V FIG. III. PHAL^NA QUADRIPUNCTATA. " QUADRIPUNCTATE JIOTH. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PhALJENA QUADRIPUNCTATA. Wiiigs fubaiigulated : fomewhat teftaceous^ with a common line near the bafe, dot in the middle, and common line behind. From the fame cabinet as the preceding. PLATE LIBRARY OF TH£ UWVERSnr Or II 405 [ 69 ] PLATE CCCCXCIV. MUSCA HOTTENTOTTA. DIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth With a foft exferted flefhy probofcis, and two equal lips : fuckers furnilhed with briftles : feelers two, very Ihort, or fometimes none : antennae generally ihort. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONVMS. Body covered with yellow hairs : wings hyaline, with fufcous rib. MuscA HoTTENTOTTA : hirta flavefcens, alis hyalinus : cofta fufca. Linn.Fn. Suec. J 787- — Gmel. Linn. Syji. T. 1. p. 5. 2831. \S.—Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 415. n. 16. Nemotelus Hottentottus. Degeer. Inf. 6. p. IQO. «. 12*. t. n.f. 7.—SchcBf. Icon. t. 76./. 6. A large, curious, and elegant fpecies, and one of coniiderable rarity in this country : in the north of Europe it appears to be very far from uncommon. PLATE UbSAKY OF THE UKlYERSITs' Of ILL!?:0!3 4^J C 71 J PLATE CCCCXCV. FIG. I. I. VESPA ANGULATA. « ANGULATE WASP. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. IMouth horny, with a compreffed jaw : feelers four, unequal and filiform : antennae filiform, the firft joint longer and cylindrical : eyef lunar : body glabrous : upper wings folded in each fex : fting pungent, concealed in the abdomen. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Vkspa Angulata. Head black : thorax black, with yellow ante, rior margin : abdomen yellow, with triangular black fpot at the bafe, and broad black band iu the middle. This is one of the fmalleft fpecies of the wafp genus r the head and thorax black, except the margin in the front of the latter, which is yellow : the body yellow, with a peculiar angulate or triangular black fpot at the bafe, pointing downwards, and a band of the fame in the; ihiddle. The antennae and thighs are black, legs yellow. This infeft does not appear to have been before defcribed. The (inaller figure denotes the natural Hze. FIG. T« PLATE CCCCXCV, FIG. II. VESPA QUADRATA, QUADRATE WASr. SPECIFIC CHARACniR. Vespa Qua drat a. Head and thorax black, the latter with yellow anterior margin : abdomen with a fquare fpot of black at the bafe, and broad black baud in the middle. Vespa Quadrata. Panzer. Iiif. Germ. Ex'ceeds the former fpecies in fize, and differs in having a quadran- gular inftead of triangular black fpot at the bafe of the abdomen, and the thorax marked in the middle with dots of yellow. This fpecies is not uncommon. It has not been conceived requifite to add an enlarged figure of thi» infeft. PLATE OF TH£ VJ^ERSITY OF Ul» i<^t t ^s ] PLATE CCCCXCVI. DYTISCUS 12-PUSTULATUS. 12-SPOT WATER-BEETLE. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae fetaceous : palpi lix, and filiform : pofterior legs formed for fwimming : fringed on the inner fide, and nearly unarmed with claws. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Teftaceous : wing-cafes black, with fix teftaceous fpots ori each. Dytiscus 12-pustulatus : teftaceus, elytris nigris : maculis fex teftaceis. Fahr. Ent. Syft. 1. a. p. I97. 50» Paykul. Faun. Suec. 1 . 220. 29. Oliv. 3. 40. 31. 35. t. 5.f. 46. a. b, MarJIi. Ent. Brit. \.p. 422. 12. \ ■ Few of the Dytifci are diflinguifiied for their beia.uty : their colouf s in general are either black, or blackilh, varioufiy gloffed with blueiih purple, or olive, or of a dull ferruginous ; and it is for this reafon, more efpecially than any other, that the prefent fpecies claims parti- cular attention : it is certainly one of the prettieft infects of its tribe. TOL, XIV. L The 74 PLATE CCCCXCVI. The fize of this fpecies is inconfiderable, whick renders it neceflary, in order to convey a correct idea of the fobjeft, to reprefent it both in its natural fize, and as it appears when magnified. The colour of the antennee, legs^ and thorax^ are teftaceous, the latter marked in the middle with a band of black ; the wing-cafes are black;, with fix tella- ceous fpots of an irregular form, difpofed in two longitudinal feries on each. Like the reft of its tribe, Dy tifcus 1 2-Puftulatus is of the aquatic kind. PLATB Of ^^>^ m C 75 ] PLATE CCCCXCVII. FORMICA RUFA. RUFOUS ANT. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Feelers four, unequal, with cylindrical articulations, placed at the tip of the lip, which is cylindrical, and nearly membranaceous : an- tennae filiform : a fmall ere6l fcale between the thorax and abdomen : females and neuters armed with a concealed fting ; males and females fumiihed with wings, neuters winglefs. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNOm'MS. Black : thorax compreffed, and with the legs ferruginous. Formica rufa : nigra, thorace compreffo pedibufque ferrugineis. Fabr. Sp. Inf. 1. p. 489- n. 6.-^Mant. Inf. 1. p. 308. 71. 7. Formica fusca ? Geoff. Irf. p. 2. p. 428. Except the Formica herculanea, to which the prefent fpecies bears a ftriking refemblance both in appearance and magnitude, this is one gf the largeft fpecies of the ant tribe found in Europe. Like the 1, 2 former, 1^ PLATE CCCCXCVII. former, it inhabits woods, and refides chie% in hollow trees, Th^ yieuters, as in the reft of tlie genus, are winglefs. » The figure in the upper part of the plate is magnified, the loweij. jpprefents it in its natural fize. PLATi; HBRARY OF THE f^S I 77 3 PLATE CCCCXCVIII. P^PILIO iEGERTA. SPPrKT.P.T) WOOD BTTTTRTIFLY, I^EPIDOPJTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Aptennae clavated at the tip : wings ere6l when at reft. Fly by 4ay. SPECIFIC CHARACTER SYNONYMS. Wings indented, fufcous with yellow fpots : anterior pair with an ocellar fpot on each fide : pofterior ones ocellated above^ beneath marked with four dots. pAPiLio ^GERIA : alis dentals fufcis luteo maculatis : utrinqiie anteriorihus ocello, pofterioribus fupra ocellisj, fubtus pun6tis quatuor. Fabr. Spec. InJ. 2. j?. • 73, n. 323. — Mant. Inf. 2. p. 37. «. 381. Gmd. Linn. Si/ft. Nat. T. I. p. 5. n. 2295. 14(3. Rai/ Inf. p. 128. %5. ^cheeff". Icon. t. 75. f. I. 2. li'iibrt, Sc/met^pL 4^. 181. 2. Veiy 78 PLATE CCCCXCVIir. Very common in the lanes leading through woody fituations durii^ the whole fummer, two or three diftincl broods being produced annu- ally. The larva is green,, with a white line, and fpinous tail ; the pup^ greenifli^ and bulky in proportion to its length, In the larva (late it feeds on graminiferous plants, and is obferved in this ftage from March till the eud of June. The firft brood appears in the fly ftate in the month of April, the lateft in Autumn, Papilio ^geria is not only one of the moft abundant and generally diffufed fpecies of Papiliones in this country, but appears to be fQun4 in plenty throughout the reft of Europe. PLATE LIBRARY OF THE l)K!VFRr'TV OF ILUr^OIS ■.m t 79 ] PLATE CCCCXCIX. FIG. I. I; l>HALiENA TRINOTATA. TRINOTATED 3M0TH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennae gradually tapering from the bafe to the tip : tongue fpiralt ^'ings generally deflected when at reft. Fly by night. * GEOMETRA* SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PHALiGNA TRINOTATA. Very pale teftaceous : anterior wings with two whitilh lobate ipots in the middle^ inclofed between two bands of fcalloped lines : exterior margin with a feries of triangular pale fpots, each containing three black dots. An extremely rare and probably unique infe£l of the Geometi'lf family of Phalaena. It is a fpecies of elegant and very pleafing afpe6t, though not in any degree remarkable for the gaiety of its colours. The chain or feries of pale triangular fpots, which extends along the outer margin of the anterior wings, is altogether characleriftic of this %d :^ L A T E ccccxcijf . this fpeciesj ieach of thofe fpaces containing three diftin6l black dotJ^ which alfo are difpofed in the form of a triangle. Our prefent fpecies is of moderate fize, as is exprefled by the fmaller figure : an enlarged view of the fame is fhewn in the upper |)art of the plate. FIG. II; PHAL^NA LITERATA. LETTERED MOTHo SPECIFIC CHARACTER. jPtlALiENA LITERATA. Anterior wings dark fufcous, with waved lines, and a black lineole : band in the middle milky, with a black charafter refembling T Larger than the preceding, arid perhaps no lefs uncommon. Both are preferved in the cabinet of Mr. Drury. A moth very nearly aUied to the prefent occurs in the fecond part of the work of Sepp, (plate 5.) : the general colour differs in being tinged with greenifli, nolwithiianding which it may be a variety of this fpeciest l^LATIj' TOO [ 81 ] PLATE D. FORFICULA GIGANTEA. GIGANTIC EARWIG. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna? fetaceous : feelers unequal, filiform : wing-cafes half as long as the abdomen : wings folded up under the wing-cafes : tai] armed with a forceps. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Pale : above variegated with black : tail bidentated : forceps ex- tended, in the male armed with two teeth, in the female Ihorter, aud ferrated within. FoRFTCU LA G IG ANTEA : pallida fupra nigro varlegata ano bidentato : forcipe porre6ta unidentata. Fabr. Ent> Si^ji. T. 2. 1. n. 2. The largeft of the European fpecies of Forficula, if not of the w licit- genus, and which has not, till very recently, been difcovered in tiii- country : it is taken in fome plenty at Chrift Church, in Hamplliiif the abdomen with a double contiguous black dot. VespA Cbabro : ihorace nigro : antice rufo iaimaculato : abdominit incifuris pun6lo nigro duplici contiguo. Linn, Si/ft. Nat. 2. 948. 3.—Fn. Suec. iQlO.-^Fahr, Ent. Sj/ft. T. 2. p. 9.55. Geoff. Inf. SJ. 368. 1. Schaff. Icon. 63. f. 5. tab. \3Q.Jig. 3. Jleaum. Inf. 4. tab. IQ.Jig. 9, ' Mouff^t. Inf. 50, Tli« 86 P L A T.E DIL The Hornet lives in forieties, conltrufting its neft in the trunks of hollow treesj or among timber, wood-lofts, aud other fnnilar fituatioiis : the neft is capacious, being adapted for the reception of a numerous family, though fmaller than that of the common wafp, and containing a lefs confiderable number of cells : its texture refcmbles that of parchment, or ftrong paper. In its manners of life the Hornet refembles the wafp, being, like that infe6l, fierce, voracious, and fubfifting on freih animal fubftances, on fruits, and the nectar of flowers ; and in particular committing vail havoc among the lower tribes of infects. Its animofify towards the bee is well known : it often enters the hive of thefe induftrious crea- tures, and plunders them of their honey with im])unity. JBoth fexes of this fpecies are Ihewn in the lower part of the plate, the fpecimens felected for which purpofe rather exceed the ufual mag- nitude. The figure in the upper part of the plate is the reprefentation of a fmall variety of the fame fpecies. PLATE xy Of THE -:v or WS'.^^^ .503 [ 87 3 1? L A T E DHL FORMICA RUBRA. RED ANT. MYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Feelers four, unequal, with cylindrical articulations, placed at the tip of the lip, wliieh is cv'iudrical, and nearly membranaceous; an- tennse filiform : a fmall ereft fcale between the thorax and abdomen : females and neuters armed with a concealed iting : males and females furniflied with wings, neuters winglefs. SPECIFIC CHARACTER SYNONYMS. Teftaceous : eyes and dot under the abdomen black. Formica rubra: teftacea, oculis punfctoque fub abdomine nigris. Lin?i. Fn, Suec. 2. n. 1725. — Fahr. Sp. Inf. 1. p. 490. w. ^.—Mant. Inf. 1. p. 308. n. 11.— Formica minima rufa, Kay. Inhabits woods, and lives in nefts imder ftones. During the wmter they remain (orpid, like moft others of this genus. PLATE 504 [ 89 ] PLATE DIV. FIG. I. CARABUS INQUISITOR. COLEOPTERA. GEMERIC CHARACTER. Antennae filiform : feelers generally fix, the laft joint obtufe and Kiincated : thorax flat, and margined : wing-cafes marginate. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wing-eafes (Iriated, brafly-green, with three rows of dots. Carabus inquisitor : elytris ftriatis viridi-aeneis : punctis triplici ordine. Linn. Syji. Nat. 66g. 1 1 . — Fn. Suec. 789'— Omtl. Sj/ji. Nat. \i)(Jo. \l. Fabr. Syft. Ent. 239- l^.—Spec. Inf. 1. 303. S3. Mant. 1. 197. 31. Paykull. Monogr. 39- — Fn. Suec. 1. 127. 40. Panzer. Ent. (fcr/n. o4. 50. Maijh. Ent. Brit. T. l.jp. 448. Le Buprefte quarr6 couleiir de bionze antique Geoff. 1. 145. 6. Bupreftis Sycophauta minor. Panz. Vott. 2. 86. 39. t. 3S.f. 39. A rare fpecies iu Britain : it has been taken in Norfolk. VOL. XIV. N / FIG. 1 90 PLATE DIV. FIG. IL CARABUS ROSTRATCS. SNOUTED C AHA BUS. , ^SPECIFIC CHARACTER SYNOKYMS. Apterous : wing-cafes finooth and black : thorax narrow : head vci"y flender. Carabus KOSTRATITS : apterus, elytris laeviufculis nigris ihorace anguftiori^ capite anguftlffimo. Fabr. Si/Jt. JLiit. 240. 2\.-^Spec. Inf. 1. 304. 2.G.—Mant. I. 198. 3G.—Ent. St/JL 1. a. 131. 31. Pai/kull. Monog. 26. U. Marjli, Erit. Brit. T. 1 . p. 470. Tenebrio rostratus. Einn. Sj/ft. Nat. 677- 20.— F//. Suec. 823. CyCHRYS RO STRATUS. Fuyli. F/l. SliCC. Taken by G. Milne, Efq. F. L. S. The fpecies has been found in Scotland and Devonfliire, and though generally efteemed rare, was lately met with in confidA-able plenty on mountains in Leland by Mr. W. Leach, F.L. S. LINN.^AN LINN^AN INDEX VOL. XIV. COLEOPTERA. Scarabapus globofusj Globofe Beetle Cerambyx coriarius. Large ^lin Cerambyx Dytifcus Hermanni, Hermann's Water- Beetle maciilatus. Spotted Water- Beetle 12-puftiilatus, 12-Spot Water-Beetle Carabus Sycophanta _ _ _ _ crux major^ Greater-crofs Carabus inquilitor _ - _ - roftratus. Snouted Carabus — complauatus - - - - crepitans, Muiketeer Carabus -" Cephalotes _ - - . melanoceplialuSj Black-headed Carabus Forficula gigantea. Gigantic Earwig Plate Fig, 470 491 501 I. 501 2. 496 477 1. 477 2. 504 1. 504 «. 48S 486 484 480 500 HKMIPTERA, Gryllus rufus, Rufous Grafshopper - - 482 Cimex nigro-lineatus, Black-lined Field Bug - 473 n2 * LEPI- INDEX. LEPIDOPTERA, Papilio Arglolus, Azure Blue Butterfly ■- Aegeria, Speckled Wood Butterfly i- Sphinx Drursei, Drury's Hawk Moth Phalaena peclinataria, Green Carpet Moth ■ rupta. Broken-bar, or Hornfey Carpet Moth miata. Autumn Green Carpet Moth berberata. Barberry Moth rumigerata. Scallop-wing Four-dot Moth ■ quadripunftata, Quadripun6tate Moth -r trinotata, Trinotate Moth _ _ - literata. Lettered Moth - _ - — t teftaceata. Pale Scallop Moth ^ cuneata, Cuneate Moth - - - ■ rubro-viridataj Bullftrode Green Carpet — ^— — lineataria^ Pale Triple-bar - - - Plate Fig 481 498 4f)9 479 1. 479 2. 479 2. 493 ]. 493 2. 493 3. 499 1. 499 2. 487 1. 487 1. 485 3. 485 1. NEUROPTERA. Libellula p^ncellataj Cancellated Dragon Fly r 4J2 HYMENOPTERA. Sirex Dromedarius, Dromedary Saw Fly - - 483 Ichneumon billneator, Biliiieated Ichneumon - 478 ■ • Leucorhaeus, W hilc-tailec| Ichneumon 476 I. Coftator, Yellow Margined Ichneumon 476 2. Vefpa Crabro, Hornet - _ - _ v 502 angu'a'a, Angulate Wafp _ - - 4,^5 I, |, (juadrata. Quadrate Wafp - - - 495 2. 2. Bembex INDEX. • Plate Fig Bcmbex o6lopim6lata, 06^opiin6tated Wafp - 474 Apis manlcata, Five-tootlicd Bee - - - 489 mellifica, Common Honey Bee - - 492 Formica rnfa, Rufous Ant . . - - 497 rubra. Red Aot - - . . 503 DIPTERA. Mufca myftacea meridiaiia hottentotta -mams • birfuta 471 1. I. 471 2.2, 494 490 ]. 490 a. APTERA. Seolopendi'a hortenfis^ Garden Centipedf - 475 ALPHA- ALPHABETICAL INDEX VOL. XIV. Aegeria Papilio. Speckled Wood Butterfly Augulata Vefpa. Angulate \\ afp Argioliis, Papilio. Azure Blue Butterfly Berberata Phalaena. Barberry Moth bililineator. Ichneumon. Bilineated Ichneumon cancellata, Libellula. Cancellated Dragon Fly Cephalotes, Carabus - - * - complanatus, Carabus - - - - - Coriarius, Cerambyx. Large Elm Cerambyx coftator. Ichneumon. Yellow-margined Ichneumon crabro, Vefpa. Hornet . _ - - crepitans, Carabus. Mulketeer Carabus cru.K-major^ Carabus. Greater Crofs Carabus Cuneata, Phalzena. Cuneate Moth Dromedarius, Sirex. Dromedary Saw Ry Druraei, Sphinx. Drury's Hawk Moth 12-puftulatus Dytifcus. 12-Spot Water Beetle - gigantea, Forficula. Gigantic Earwig globofus, Scarabaeus. Globofe Beetle Hermanni, Dytifcus. Hermann's Water Beetle hirfuta, Mufca - - . _ - ^ hortenfis, Scolopendru. Garden Centipede hottentotta^ Mufca Plat* Fig. 481 495 I. 1. 481 471 g. 478 472 484 488 4^1 478 502 486 477 2. 487 1. 483 469 496 500 470 501 1. 490 o^ 475 494 inauis. INDEX. Plate ¥\g. inanis, Mufca - - - - - - 490 1. inquifitor, Carabus _ _ _ . _ 504 I. L^ucoihiBus Ichneumon. White-tailed Ichneumon 476 1. lineataria, Phal^ena. Pale Triple Bat - - 485 1. 2. literata, Phalaena. Lettered ISIoth - " 499 !• maculatus, Dytifcus. Spotted Water Beetle - 501 2. manicata. Apis. Five-toothed Bee - * 489 melanocephalus, Carabus. Black- headed Carabus 480 mellifica. Apis. Common Honey Bee - - 492 meridiana, mufca - - - - - 47 1 2. 2. miata, Phalaena. Autumn Green Carpet Moth 479 2. myftacea Mufca - - - - - - 47 1 1.1. nigro-lineatus^ Cimex. Black-lined Field Bug - 473 p6lo-puntlata, Bembex. Octo-punclated Wafp 474 pefitinataria, Phaliena. Green Carpet MetU - 479 1. quadrata, Vefpa. Quadrate ^^'afp - - 4[)5 2. 2. quadripunfilats, Phalasna. Quadripunc^ate ^loth 493 3. roftratuSj Carabus. Snouted Carabus - - dOi 2. rubra, Formica. Red Ant - . . - 503 rubro-viridata, Phalaena. Bullftrode Green Carpet Math 485 3. rufa, Formica. Rufous Ant - - - - 497 Tufiis, Gryllus. Rufous Grafshopper - - 482 rumigerata^ Phaliena. Scollop-wing Four-dot Moth 493 2. rupta_, Phal^na. Broken-bar, or Hornfey Carpet 479 2. Sycophanta Carabus - - - - - 477 !• teftaceata, Phalaena. Pale Scallop Moth - 487 1. trinotata, Phalaena. Trinotate Moth - - 499 1. . . III. . , , I.. ..... II.. I ■ ,. » m> Law Jind Gilbei t. Primers, St, Joku's-Siiuare, Londoiii