CtMoC STEPHEN ABBOT MANUAL OF Guard Duty, UNITED STATES ARMY. Approved January 7, 1893. NEW YORK : D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1898. War Department, Washington , January 7 , The Manual of Guard Duty prepared by the board of officers, consisting of Maj. John C. Gilmore, As- sistant Adjutant General, Capt. Edward S. Godfrey, Seventh Cavalry, and First Lieut. John T. French, Jr., Fourth Artillery, is approved and is herewith published for the government of the Armies of the United States. S. B. Elkins, Secretary of War. War Department. Washington , D. C . , June 17, 1895. To insure uniformity of practice in the Manual of Arms with the rifle, caliber .30, recently adopted, the following modifications in the Manual of Arms, and of the Infantry Drill Regulations otherwise, and in the Manual of Guard Duty, to conform to changes made in the Manual of Arms, or deemed advisable in con- nection therewith, are established provisionally and published for the government of the Army pending a complete revision of the Infantry Drill Regulations. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of War. a 35 : 5 ' "U -r\ 3^ Tn m? MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY. Modifications Ordered June 17, 1895. “l V Carry, 2. ARMS,” wherever they carry ” and insert instead the word 73. Strike out the words occur. 75. Strike out the word 1 “ ORDER.” t Sixth line: Strike out the words “ a carry ” and insert instead the ] words “the order.” fourth line: Strike out the words “ a carry ” and insert in- j stead the words “ port arms.” *8. Third line: Strike out the words “ and carry.” <9. Second line: Strike out the words “a carry” and insert in- stead the words “ the order.” 103 Third line: Strike out the words “a carry” and insert in- stead the words “ to attention if not already at attention. ” •Eighth line: Strike out the words “ carry and.” . Second line: Strike out the words “ a carry and ” and insert i instead the word ‘ ‘ the. ’ ’ | *45. Fourth line: Strike out the words “ comes to a carry.” 146. Fourth line: Strike out the words “ a carry or” and insert ^instead the word “ the.” 174. Fourth line: Strike out the last sentence. ^Strike out the words “ a carry ” in the second line and insert "1 in fha omrantli lir»n i • I LU « wurus a carry ' m tne second line and insert instead the words ‘ right shoulder ” and in the seventh line insert before the word “ Both ” the words “ At the command Post ” — ' — - wmmouu xuau (see carry ’ ' and insert instead the before the word “Both vi,& wu±< par. 147), and strike out the word words “right shoulder.” . Twelfth line: Strike out the words the words “ the right shoulder.” Paragraph 242 and other paragraphs containing references to the , salute by sentinels of infantry, or cavalry armed with the carbine if dismounted, are modified to conform to rules as follows: III ‘ a carry ” and insert instead o The salute by sentinels will be made by presenting arms; to salute, the sentinel halts, if infantry, brings his piece to right shoulder arms, if not already there, if cavalry with carbines, or artillery with rifle, caliber .45, to the carry and faces outward as the person or party entitled to salute arrives within about thirty paces. If the officer approaches along the post, the present will be given when the officer arrives at a distance of about six yards. If he passes in front of the sentinel, but not along the post, he is saluted just before he passes the sentinel’s front. If he cross the post, he is saluted just before he crosses. The sentinel will remain at the present until his salute is re- turned, or until the person saluted has passed. If the officer passes in rear of his post he is not saluted, but the sentinel stands facing outward until the officer has passed. A sentinel at port arms engaged in conversation, executes pre sent arms directly from the position of port arms. A sentinel in a sentry box armed with a rifle or carbine ('caliber .30), upon the approach of an officer will stand at an order and present arms therefrom as the officer passes. 246. Fourth line: Strike out the words “a carry ” and insert in- stead the words “ right shoulder.” 282. Fourth line of the second paragraph: Strike out the words 44 a carry ” and insert instead the words 4 * the right shoulder.” Fourth line from end of page: Strike out the words “ a carry” and insert instead the words 44 port arms.” 298. The rule prescribing the rifle salute as that for sentinels when in charge of prisoners at work, is modified only by the change in the manner of making the rifle salute by such sentinels. 327. This paragraph is to be omitted. The modifications in the Manual of Guard Duty prescribed in con- nection with the modified Manual of Arms for Infantry will apply in general to cavalry armed with the carbine if dismounted, and artillery armed with the Springfield rifle, caliber .45, in so far as practicable, consistently with the present Manual of Arms for the carbine and rifle, caliber .45, respectively. The modified Manual of Arms, and the modifications in connec- tion, of the Infantry Drill Regulations and of the Manual of Guard Duty, apply to the Battalion of Engineers armed with the rifle, caliber .30, and will apply in full to batteries of artillery, now pro- vided with the Springfield rifle, caliber .45, so soon as they shall be furnished with the magazine rifle, caliber .30. Commanding offi- cers may require prior use of the modified Manual of Arms with the rifle, caliber .45, in so far as such manual is applicable therefor. IV CONTENTS. Page. Order approving Manual of Guard Duty in Rosters 1 Commanding officer 9 Officer of the day 10 Commander of the guard 12 Sergeant of the guard 20 Corporal of the guard 24 Musicians of the guard 30 Orderly for the commanding officer 31 Privates of the guard 33 Orders for sentinels on post 34 Orders for all sentinels except those at the post of the guard 37 Orders for sentinels at the post of the guard. 40 Compliments from sentinels. 41 Compliments from guards 43 Special orders 44 Color line and sentinels 45 Supernumeraries 46 Prisoners 46 Special orders for sentinels in charge of prisoners.. 52 Guard patrols 55 v VI Contents. Page. Countersigns and paroles 56 Miscellaneous 58 Stable sergeant and stable orderly. . 60 Troop stable guard 63 Battery stable and park guard 67 Police and fatigue duty 67 Articles under charge of the guard 68 Flags and colors 68 Reveille and retreat gun 70 MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY, ROSTERS. 1 . A roster is a list of officers or men for duty, with a record of the duty performed by each. Generally details for duty are made so that the one longest off is the first for detail. Details so made are said to be made by roster. 2. All details for service, in garrison and in the field, shall be made by roster ; but officers or enlisted men, when detailed, must serve whether a roster be kept or not ; having performed the service, they may appeal to superior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved. (A. R. 399, 1889.) *3. The duties performed by roster are of two classes : The first class comprises — 1st, outposts ; 2d, interior guards, including stable guards; 3d, detachments to protect laborers on military works ; 4th, armed working parties on such works. The second class comprises all other duties and fatigues, in or out of the garrison or camp. 4 . The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. The details are taken in succession, according to the roster, beginning at the head. (A. R. 401, 1889.) 5. Lieutenant colonels and majors are on one roster, and may be detailed when the importance of the duty requires it. In the field their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. Captains form one roster, and are exempt from ordinary fatigue duties. A captain commanding a battalion is exempt from detail, and duty ID 2 ROSTERS. falling to him passes. Lieutenants form one roster, and first and second lieutenants are entered on it alternately. Sergeants, corporals, musicians, and privates form dis- tinct rosters. 6. Officers, non-commissioned officers and privates take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz. : The first for detail takes the outposts ; the next the interior guards, and so on. In those of the second class the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp. 7 . When the officer whose tour it is is not present nor available at the hour of marching, the next after him takes it. When an outpost has passed the chain of sen- tinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was cannot then take it, unless so ordered by the commanding officer, but succeeds to the tour of the officer who has taken his. §. Duties of the first class are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its pest ; other duties, when the parties have entered upon the performance of their duties. 9 . In making details by roster, an officer or enlisted man is each day charged with the number of days that he has remained present and available since the begin- ning of his last tour. Departures from this rule may be authorized by the commanding officer whenever a strict application would allow improper advantage or work hardship. SO. An officer, non-commissionea officer or soldier on duty of the first class, or who is next for detail for such duty, is available, when relieved, for the duty of the second class that has fallen to him during that time. (See Par. 26.) 11 . Soldiers march armed and, if necessary, fully equipped, on all duties of the first class. ROSTERS. 3 1 2 . Light batteries serving with other troops will fur- nish their own park and stable guards, police, etc. Both officers and men will be exempt from other details, and the men will not be detailed for extra duty in the staff departme :its, nor for duty interfering with battery duties, if it can be avoided. 13. When a detachment is to be formed from the different organizations of a command, the adjutant or assistant adjutant general assembles its contingent, veri- fies the details, and sends it to the place of assembly, or turns it over to the detachment commander, to be con- ducted to its post of duty. 14 . As far as the exigencies of the service will permit, detachments for armed service will be formed by taking- battalions, companies, platoons, or other sub-divisions in turn, according to the roster for such detail. (A. R. 411, 1889.) 15 . In the field, when the commanding officer deems it advisable, a company may be detailed to form the guard, the captain being the officer of the day, and the lieuten- ants officers of the guard. The company is inspected on its own parade by its captain, and marched to the post of the guard by the senior lieutenant. (See Drill Regs., Cav., Pars. 1088 and 1091 ; Inf., Par. 746.) The same principle may be made to apply to the detail of an organization or sub-division larger or smaller than a company. 16 . At every military post, and in every regiment or separate command in the field, a post or camp guard will be detailed and duly mounted. It will consist of such number of officers and enlisted men as the commanding officer may deem necessary. It will be commanded by the senior officer or non-commissioned officer on duty therewith, under the supervision of the officer of the day. (See Par. 45.) 17 . A brigade in camp may have one guard for its camp, or one for each regiment in camp ; the latter is 4 ROSTERS. preferable, and in this case the sentinels between the flanks of regiments may be omitted, or but one sentinel be posted. I§. At a post where headquarters of more than one regiment are stationed, or in the case of a snlall brigade in the field, if but one guard be necessary for the whole post or camp, details will be made from the headquarters of the command, as follows : For officer of the day and officer of the guard, by name, and for non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates from each regiment, by number. The adjutant, sergeant major and band to attend guard mounting will also be designated. 19 . The following are the usual rosters relative to guard duty : 1. Officers of the day. 2. Officers of the guard. 3. Sergeants of the guard. 4. Corporals of the guard. 5. Musicians of the guard. 6. Privates of the guard. The first two are kept b}' the adjutant; the third, fourth, and fifth by the sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, or by the first sergeants of companies, as directed by the commanding officer ; the sixth is always kept by the first sergeants. Captains supervise the keep- ing of the company rosters by their first sergeants, and see that all duties performed by members of the company are duly credited. 20 . Captains serve on the first roster, lieutenants serve on the second roster, and may also be placed on the first roster, at the discretion of the commanding officer. 21 . An officer of the day will be detailed for duty with each guard, and where more than one guard is re- quired in a command a field officer of the day will also be detailed. The field officer of the day receives his orders from the brigade or division commander, as di- ROSTERS 5 rected by the latter. Captains may, when necessary, be placed on the roster for field officer of the day. 22 . The detail of officers of the guard will be limited to the necessities of the service and efficient instruction; inexperienced officers may be detailed as supernumerary officers of the guard for purposes of instruction. 23. Officers serving in staff departments are, at the discretion of the commanding officer, exempt from guard duty. 24 . The details for officers of the day and guard are published at the parade next preceding the commence- ment of their tour. They are also personally notified on the day before their tour, by a written order, when prac- ticable. 25 . Post and camp guards will be relieved every twenty-four hours. 26 . Except in emergencies, no duty will be required of the old officer of the day or the old guard until four hours after they have been relieved. 27 . Details for post guards will, as far as practicable, be made so as to insure privates an interval of not less than six days between tours, or only one tour in seven days. When the number of available men at a post is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement, extra and special duty men should be regularly detailed for night guard duty, still performing their usual duties in the daytime. Except in emergencies, privates will not be detailed for guard duty oftener than once in five days. When nec- essary to fulfill this requirement, the number of posts will be diminished and the sentinels required to patrol a sufficient extent of ground to watch over all public property. 28 . The men for post or camp guard are usually taken from all the companies, from each in proportion to its strength. 29 . When details for post or camp guard are made from troops or batteries that also furnish their own stable 6 ROSTERS. or stable and park guards, a credit will be allowed each for the number of enlisted men furnished for its stable or stable and park guard, as though they had been de- tailed for pos x t guard. 30 . Special details for herd guard will be credited on the roster for fatigue duty. 31 . The stable sergeant and stable orderly are detailed on special duty, for such periods as may be directed by troop commanders, and while on this special duty are not subject to detail for guard. 3 * 2 . One supernumerary from each company will usu- ally be detailed; if more are required, the commanding officer fixes the number. 33 . First sergeants, in detailing supernumeraries, will take the men next on the roster after making the detail for privates of the guard. 34 . Should the adjutant be notified that men are re- quired to fill vacancies in the guard, he will cause the proper number of supernumeraries to report to the com- mander of the guard, taking them from those companies that have furnished less than their proportionate part of the guard. A supernumerary who thus goes on guard will be credited on the company roster with a tour of guard duty the same as though he had been detailed as a private of the guard. 35 . At first sergeants’ call, all the first sergeants re- pair to headquarters and take from the bulletin board all the data necessary for them to make the required details from their respective companies; they make their details accordingly from their rosters. 36 . When practicable, each first sergeant publishes at retreat all the details made from the company. He will also post them on the company bulletin board. 37 . The method of keeping the first sergeants’ roster is shown in the model duty roster issued by the Adjutant General of the Army. ROSTERS. 7 38 . The sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, will keep a record from which he will each day determine the number of privates required for guard duty from each company. This record is kept in a blank book ruled conveniently for the purpose. 39 . If non-commissioned officers and musicians are not detailed by name from rosters kept by the sergeant major, he determines, in a similar manner, the number of each to be detailed. He will post on a bulletin board in his office all data required by the first sergeants in making* details from their respective companies, giving the names of those detailed by name. 40 . The sergeant major determines the number of privates to be detailed from each company by the follow- ing rules: Take the number of privates for duty in each company from its morning report for the day next pre- ceding that on which the tour of duty is to commence, deducting details for detached service of over twenty- four hours made after the morning report has been re- ceived; the total of these gives the total'number of pri- vates available. Then: The total strength is to the strength of a company as the total detail is to the detail from the company. Multiply the total detail by the strength of the company, and divide the result by total strength; carryout to two places of decimals, disregard- ing all smaller fractions. This rule is applied for each company. The whole numbers in the results thus obtained are added together, and if the total is less than the total de- tail required, add one to the whole number in the result that has the largest fraction, and so on for each com- pany till the required total is obtained. 41 . There will thus be a difference between the exact proportion and the number detailed from each company; this difference is carried forward to the next day’s pro- portion, to be added if a company has furnished less, or ROSTERS. to be subtracted if a company has furnished more than its exact proportion, thus : FIRST DAY. T3 OS ft ft® . bX) >> a ft O tn'ft .S ° S3 p fi © d .2 © © fl oS ft a o © ’S.Sft O 5-1 o ft o ■ft ‘5 © s © O W. H £ P 5 A 25 X 14 - - 160 2.18 2 .18a B 24 X 14 - - 160 2.10 2 .10a C 30 X 14 - - 160 2.62 1 3 .38s D 22 X- 14 - - ICO 1.92 1 2 .08s E 22 X 14 - - 160 1.92 1 2 .08s F (Cav.) 37 X 14 - - 160 3.23 *3 .23s 160 11 14 * Troop F furnishes 3 stable guard and no post guard. SECOND DAY. np oS ft © . pA fl oS ft a o O Strength. Detail, inclu ing 3 for si ble guard. Total strengl Proportion. D i f f e r e n < brought fc ward. Total. Add. Detail. Difference. A 27 X 14 - - 160 2.36 .18a 2.54 2 .54a B 23 X 11 - - 160 2.01 .10a 2.11 2 .11a C 28 X 14 - - 160 2.45 .38s 2.07 2 .O': a D 23 X 14 - - 160 2.01 .C8s 1.93 1 2 .ors E 21 X 14 - - 160 1.83 .08s 1.75 1 2 .25s F (Cav.) 38 X u - - 160 3. 32 .23a 3.55 1 *4 .45s 11 11 * Troop F furnishes 3 stable guard and 1 post guard. THE COMMANDING OFFICER. 9 THE COMMANDING OFFICER. 42 . The commanding* officer will exact a faithful, cor- rect, and vigilant performance of guard duty in all its details, giving his orders to the officer of the day, or causing them to be communicated to him with the least practicable delay. He prescribes the strength of the guard, the positions of the color line and guard tents, the number and location of the posts of sentinels, the necessary regulations for police and fatigue duties, the uniform and equipment of the guard, and the hours of sounding calls ; causes a list of calls to be furnished the commander of the guard ; designates the hour for chal- lenging to begin, otherwise challenging begins at retreat; causes the guard to be relieved every twenty-four hours when in camp or garrison; gives the special instructions which the duties of the guard and sentinels require ; causes the necessary copies of orders for sentinels to be furnished the commander of the guard (see Par. 86); re- ceives the reports of the officers of the day immediately after guard mounting, at his office or at some place pre- viously designated; carefully examines the guard report and the remarks made thereon (questioning the old offi- cer of the day, if necessary, concerning his tour of duty); relieves the old officer of the day, and gives the new offi- cer of the day such instructions as may be necessary. 43. In the case of a small command, requiring modi- fications of the form prescribed for guard mounting, he gives the necessary instructions as to how the old guard shall be relieved and a new one put in its place. 44 . He will see that sentinels are so distributed as to require the least possible number of men for guard con- sistent with the object for which the guard is maintained. 45 . The number and posts of sentinels about a regu- larly formed camp are as follows: One over the arms of the guard; one at the commanding officer’s tent; and as 10 OFFICER OF THE DAY. many on the front rear, and flanks as may be necessary. No sentinel will be posted so distant as not’to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 40 . When necessary, detached posts may be established outside the chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the camp guard, and are visited by his patrols. 47, If necessary or expedient, the commanding officer may require that no person shall pass a sentinel’s post unless passed b}^ an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard; he should also prescribe how and where soldiers and others shall enter or leave the post or camp. 4 §. He will determine whether the countersign shall be used or not, and if he requires its use for purposes of instruction may authorize sentinels to pass persons who have not the countersign after they have been duly recognized. OFFICER OF THE DAY. 49 . The officer of the day is responsible for the proper performance of duty by the guard with which he marches on and for the enforcement of all police regulations, and is charged with the execution of all orders of the com- manding officer relating to the safety and good order of the post or camp. His actual tour of duty begins when he receives the report of the adjutant at guard mounting, and ceases when he has been relieved by the commanding officer. 50. In the absence of special instructions from the commanding officer, the officer of the day will inspect the guard and sentinels during the day and night at such times as he may deem necessary. 51 . He will prescribe patrols and visits of inspection to be made by officers and non-commissioned officers of the guard. 52. He will see that the commander of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat, OFFICER OF THE DAY. 11 and will inform him of the presence in the post or camp of any person entitled to compliment. 53. In case of an alarm of any kind, the officer of the day will at once take such steps as may be necessary to insure the safety of public property and preserve order in the command, disposing his guard so as best to ac- complish this result. 54. The officer of the day, in the performance of his duties as such, is subject to the orders of the command- ing officer only, except that in case of an alarm of any kind, and at a time of great danger, the senior line officer present is competent to give necessary orders to the officer of the day for the employment of the portion of his guard not already occupied with duties prescribed in this manual and the standing orders of the post or camp. 55. At the inspections and musters prescribed in Army Regulations, the officer of the day will be present at the post of the guard, but all commands to the guard will be given by the commander of the guard. 56. The new officer of the day must be present at guard mounting ; the old officer of the day also, if so directed by the commanding officer; after the guard ! has passed in review, or marched to its post, they pro- ceed to the guardhouse, and the old officer of the day gives the new officer of the day the old or standing orders, and each, placing himself at a convenient dis- tance from and facing his guard, receives the salute. 57. Both officers of the day together verify the num- ber of prisoners and inspect the guardhouse and premises. To verify the number of prisoners at the guardhouse, the officers of the day take post in front of and facing the old guard. The new officer of the day, from the list of prisoners on the report of the commander of the guard, calls the name of the prisoners. Each prisoner, as his name is called, answers “ Here," steps two paces to the front and halts. If any prisoners are out at work, the 2 12 COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. officers of the day verify their number as is most con- venient. 58 . All persons under guard, without written charges (see Pars, 99 and 280). will be released by the old officer of the day immediately after verifying the number of prisoners, unless specific orders to the contrary have been given in each case by the commanding officer. He will at the same time release all prisoners whose sentences expire on that day. 59 . If there be no officer of the guard, the new officer of the day will receipt to the old officer of the day for the articles under charge of the guard. (See Par. 378.) 60 . The old officer of the day enters on the report of the commander of the guard such remarks concerning his tour of duty as may be necessary, and signs his name thereto as officer of the day ; if he enters no re- marks, he signs his name as officer of the day on the face ot‘ the report. 61 . The officers of the day then report to the com- manding' officer. On presenting themselves, both salute with the right hand, remaining covered. The old officer of the day, standing on the right of the new, then says : “Sir, / report as old officer of the day, ’ ’ and presents the guard report. As soon as the commanding officer notifies the old officer of the day that he is relieved, the new officer of the day says, “ Sir, / report as new officer of the day,” and then receives his instructions. COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 62 . The senior officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard is commander of the guard. 63 . The commander of the guard is responsible for the instruction and discipline of the guard. He will see that all its members are correctly instructed in their orders and duties, and that they understand and properly perform them. COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 13 64 . He receives and obeys the orders of the com- manding- officer and the officer of the day, and reports to the latter without delay all orders relating to the guard not given or transmitted by him ; he transmits to his successor all material instructions and information relating to his duties. 65 . He is responsible for the general safety of the camp as soon as the old guard marches off from the guardhouse. In case of any emergency occurring while both guards are at the guardhouse, the senior com- mander of the two guards will be responsible that proper action is taken. 66 . Officers of the guard will remain constantly with their guards, except while visiting sentinels or necessa- rily engaged elsewhere in the performance of their duty. The commanding officer will allow a reasonable time for getting meals. 67 . A commander of a guard leaving his post for any purpose will mention his destination and the probable duration of his absence to the next in command. 6 §. Except in emergencies, the commander of the guard may divide the night with the next in command, but retains his responsibility ; the one whose watch it is must be constantly on the alert. 69 . When any alarm is raised in a camp or garrison, the guard will be formed immediately. If the case be serious, the proper call will be sounded, and the com- mander of the guard will cause the commanding officer and the officer of the day to be at once notified. 70 . If a sentinel calls : “ The Guard,” the commander of the guard will at once send a patrol to such sentinel's post. If the danger be great, in which case the sentinel will discharge his piece, the patrol will be as strong as possible. 71 . When practicable, there should always be an officer or non-commissioned officer and at least two privates of ,the guard at the guardhouse, in addition to the sentinels there on post. 14 COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 72. The commander of the guard will see that the guard is formed promptly, and under arms, when turned out for any purpose whatever. 73 . Between reveille and retreat, wdien the guard has been turned out for any person entitled thereto (see Par. 252), the commander of the guard, if an officer, will re- ceive the report of the sergeant of the guard, returning the salute of the latter with the right hand. He will then draw his sword, and place himself two paces in front of the center. When the person for whom the guard has been turned out approaches, the com- mander of the guard faces his guard, commands: 1. Carry , 2. arms; 3. Present, 4. arms; faces to the front and salutes. When his salute is acknowledged, he resumes the carry, faces about, commands: 1. Carry, 2. arms; 3. Order, 4. arms ; and faces to the front. If it be an officer entitled to inspect the guard, after saluting, he reports: “Sir, the guard is present or, “Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;” or, “Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure or, “Sir, (so and so) is absent;” except that at guard mounting the com- manders of the guards present their guards and salute without making any report. Between retreat and reveille, the commander of the guard salutes and reports, but does not bring the guard to a present. 74 . To others entitled to have the guard turned out no report will be made ; nor will a report be made to any officer, unless he halts in front of the guard. 75 . A non-commissioned officer commanding the guard will present and carry arms with his guard, stand- ing on the right of the right guide, except as pre- scribed in Drill Regulations, Cav., Pars. 1068 and 1080; Inf., Par. 727. If a report be also required, he will, after bringing his guard to a carry, salute and report as prescribed for the officer of the guard. COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 15 76 . If a guard be commanded by a commissioned officer, no compliments will be paid to persons except those entitled to have the guard turned out. (See Par. 252.) 77 . An officer commanding a guard, marching his guard to or from the guardhouse, will salute all persons entitled to compliment from the guard (see Par. 252), first bringing his guard to a carry ; a non-commissioned officer marching a guard or relief will salute all officers in like manner. 78 . A guard being in line, and not under inspection, when commanded by a non-commissioned officer, is brought to attention and carry , when an officer not en- titled to have the guard turned out passes, and the non- commissioned officer salutes. 79 . If the person entitled to compliment pass in rear of the guard, it does not salute, but stands at a carry facing to the front. 80 . After any person entitled to the compliment has been saluted by the guard or guards, official recognition of his presence thereafter, while he remains in the same vicinity, will be taken by bringing the guard or guards to attention. 81 . The commander of the guard will inspect his guard at reveille and retreat to assure himself that the men are in proper condition to perform their duties and their arms and equipments in proper order ; for inspec- tion by other officers, he prepares the guard as directed in each case by the inspecting officer. 82 . At all formations of the guard or reliefs he will see that the chambers of rifles or carbines are opened as soon as the men have fallen in. (See Drill Regs., Cav., Par. 54; Inf., Par. 46.) 83. After receiving the reports of its corporal, he will inspect each relief before it goes on post to assure him- self that every sentinel is properly armed and equipped and is in proper condition to perform his duties. The io COMMANDER OF THE GUARD, same rale applies to all patrols and sentinels over pris- oners. The relief first posted after guard mounting’ need not be thus inspected. § 4 . He will see that sentinels are relieved every two hours, unless the weather or other cause make it neces- sary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer inter- vals, as directed by the commanding officer. 85 . He will question his non-commissioned officers and sentinels relative to the instructions they may have received from the old guard ; he will see that patrols and visits of inspections are made as directed by the officer of the day. § 6 . He will see that the orders for each sentinel are posted, either written or printed, in the guardhouse, and, if practicable, in the sentry box or other sheltered place to which the sentinel has constant access. (See Par. 42.) § 7 . He will see that the proper calls are sounded at the hours appointed by the commanding officer. 88. Should a member of the guard be taken sick, or be arrested, or desert, or leave his guard, the commander of the guard will at once notify the adjutant. (See Par. 34. 89 . He will communicate the countersign to the non- commissioned officers of his guard, and see that it is duly communicated to sentinels, before the hour for challeng- ing ; the countersign will not be given to sentinels posted at the guardhouse. 90 . He will have the details for hoisting the flag at reveille, and lowering at retreat, made in time for the proper performance of these duties (see Pars. 389, 390) ; he will see that the flags are kept in the best condition possible, and that they are never handled except in the proper performance of duty. 91 . The commander of the guard may permit mem- bers of the guard while at the guardhouse to remove their head-dress, overcoats, and gloves ; if they leave the guardhouse for any purpose whatever, he will require that they shall be properly equipped and armed accord- COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 17 mg’ to the character of the service in which engaged, or as directed by the commanding officer. 92 . He will enter in the guard report a report of his tour of duty, and, on the completion of his tour, will present it to the officer of the day. He will transmit with his renort all passes turned in at the post of the guard. 93. Whenever a prisoner is sent to the guardhouse or guard tent for confinement, the commander of the guard will cause him to be searched, and will, without unneces- sary delay, report the case to the officer of the day. If any one is to be passed out of camp at night, he is sent to the commander of the guard, who will have him passed beyond the sentinels. 94 . The commander of the guard will detain at the guardhouse all suspicious characters, or parties attempt- ing to pass a sentinel’s post without authority, reporting his action to the officer of the day, to whom persons so arrested will be sent, if necessary. 95 . He will inspect the guardrooms and cells, and the irons of such prisoners as may be ironed, at least once during' his tour, and at such other times as he may deem necessary. 96 . He will see that the sentences of prisoners under his charge are executed strictly as confirmed by the re- viewing authority. 97 . He will cause sentinels over working parties of prisoners to be taken from those assigned to posts guard- ed at night only. If there be none such, he will cause this ditty to be divided as equally as possible among the privates of the guard. 98 . He will inspect all meals sent to the guardhouse for the prisoners and see that the quantity and quality are in accordance with regulations. 99 . At guard mounting he will report to the old officer of the day all cases of prisoners whose terms of sentence expire on that day, as also all cases of prisoners concern- ing whom no statement of charges has been received. (See Par. 280). 18 COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 100 . The commander of the guard is responsible for the security of prisoners under the charge of his guard; he becomes responsible for them after their number has been verified and they have been turned over to the custody of his guard, whether at the guardhouse or out at work. 101 . To receive the prisoners at the guardhouse after their number has been verified by the officers of the day, the commander of the new guard directs his sergeant to form the guard with an interval, and commands : 1. Prisoners, 2. Right, 8. face, 4 Forward, 5. march. The prisoners having arrived opposite the interval in the new guard, he commands : 1. Prisoners, 2. halt, 3. Left, 4. face, 5. Right (or Left) backward, 6. dress, 7. front. The prisoners dress on the line of the new guard. 102 . After the new guard arrives at its post, and has saluted the old guard, each guard is presented by its commander to its officer of the day ; if there be but one officer of the day present, or if one officer acts in the capacity of old and new officer of the day, each guard is presented to him by its commander. 103 . If other officers entitled to a salute approach, each commander of the guard will bring his own guard to a carry. The senior commander of the two guards will then command : 1. Old and new guards, 2. Present, 3. arms. The junior will salute at the command present arms given by the senior. After the salute has been acknowl- edged, the senior brings both guards to the carry and order. 104 . After the salutes have been acknowledged by the officers of the day, each guard is brought to a carry and order by its commander ; the commander of the new guard then directs the orderly or orderlies to fall out and report, and causes bayonets to be fixed if so ordered by the commanding officer ; bayonets will not then be un- COMMANDER OF THE GUARD. 19 fixed during* the tour except in route marches while the guard is actually marching, or when specially directed by the commanding officer. The commander of the new guard then falls out mem- bers of the guard for detached posts, placing them under charge of the proper non-commissioned officers, divides the guard into three reliefs, first , second , and third, from right to left, and directs a list of the guard to be made by reliefs. When the guard consists of troops of differ- ent arms combined, the men are assigned to reliefs so as to insure a fair division of duty, under rules prescribed by the commanding officer. " 105 . The sentinels and detachments of the old guard are at once relieved by members of the new guard; while this is being done, the two guards stand at ease, or at rest and the commander of the old gives the commander of the new guard all necessary instructions and information concerning the guard and its duties. The commander of the new guard then takes possession of the guardhouse and property, receipting for the latter in the guard report of the commander of the old guard. 106 . When all the detachments and sentinels of the old guard have formed on its left, its commander causes bayonets to be unfixed, if not already unfixed, and marches off hisguard, as prescribed in Drill Regulations, Oav., Pars. 1070 and 1081; Inf., Par. 728. When the old guard has marched past the post of the guard, the new guard stacks arms and is dismissed, or, if arm racks are provided, the new eruard is dismissed, and the arms are placed in the racks ; or the men may be required to keep their arms constantly with them. 107 . Detachments of the guard having separate posts are relieved in the same manner as prescribed for the guard, and then marched to the post of the guard. 16 §. A supernumerary officer of the guard receives and obeys the orders of the commander of the guard, assisting him in the performance of his duties. 20 SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. 109 . The senior non-commissioned officer of the guard always acts as sergeant of the guard, and, if there be no officer of the guard, will perform the duties pre- scribed for the commander of the guard. 110. The sergeant of the guard has general super- vision over the other non-commissioned officers and musicians and privates of the guard, and must be thoroughly familiar with all their orders and duties. 111 . He is directly responsible for the property under charge of the guard, and will see that it is properly cared for. He will make lists of articles taken out by working parties, and see that all such articles are duly returned. If they are not, he will immediately report the fact to the commander of the guard. 112 . Immediately after guard mounting he will pre- pare duplicate lists of the names of all non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the guard, showing the relief and post or duties of each. One list will be handed as soon as possible to the commander of the guard ; the other will be retained by the sergeant. 113 . He will see that reliefs are turned out at the proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly under- stand and are prompt and efficient in the discharge of their duties. 114 . During the temporary absence from the guard- house of the sergeant of the guard, the next in rank of the non-commissioned officers present will perform his duties. 115 . Should the corporal whose relief is on post be called away from the guardhouse, the sergeant of the guard will designate a non-commissioned officer to take the corporal’s place until his return. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. 21 116 , After breakfast, and after stable duty in the cavalry, he will cause the guardhouse or guard tent and the space around it to be policed by the prisoners, if there be any, or by members of the guard if there be no prisoners. (A. R., 420, 1889.) 117 . He will see that the guardroom and cells are thoroughly policed twice daily, morning and evening. 11§. At first sergeants’ call he will proceed to the adjutant’s office and obtain the guard report book. 119 . When the national or regimental colors are taken from the stacks of the color line, the color bearer and guard, or sergeant of the guard, unarmed, and two armed privates as a guard, will escort the colors to the colonel's quarters, as prescribed for the color guard in Infantry Drill Regulations, Par. 499. 120 . Upon the return of soldiers having passes, the passes will be given to the sergeant of the guard, who will indorse upon them the time at which each of the men included in a pass returns ; at guard mounting he will turn them in to the commander of the guard. 121 . He will report to the commander of the guard any suspicious or unusual occurrence that comes under his notice, will warn him of the approach of any armed body, and will send to him all persons arrested by the guard. 122 . When the guard is turned out, its formation will be as follows : The senior non-commissioned officer, if commander of the guard, is on the right of the right guide ; if not commander of the guard, he is in the line of file closers, in rear of the right four of the guard ; the next in rank is right guide ; the next, left guide ; the others, in the line of file closers, usually, each in rear of his relief : the field music, with its left three paces to the right of the right guide. The reliefs form in the same order as when the guard was first divided, except that if the guard consist of dismounted cavalry and infantry, the cavalry forms on the left. 22 SERGEANT OF THE GUARD, 1 23 . The sergeant forms the guard, calls the roll, and if not in command of the guard, reports to the com- mander of the guard as prescribed in Drill Regulations for a first sergeant forming a troop or company ; the guard is not divided into platoons or sections, and, ex- cept when the whole guard is formed prior to marching off, fours are not counted. 124 . The sergeant reports as follows : “ Sir, the guard is present or, “Sir, the guard and prisoners are present ;** or, “ Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure or, “Sir, (so and so) is absent;” or, if the roll call has been omitted, “Sir, the guard is formed.'’ Only men ab- sent without proper authority are reported absent. He then takes his place, without command. 1 25 . At night the roll may be called by reliefs and numbers instead of names ; thus, tne first relief being on post: Second Relief , Corporal ; No. 1 ; No. 2, etc. Third relief, Corporal ; No. I, etc. 126 . Calling the roll will be dispensed with in form- ing the guard when it is turned out as a compliment, on the approach of an armed body, or in any sudden emer- gency ; but in such cases the roll may be called before dismissing the guard. 127 . When directed by the officer of the guard to dismiss the guard, the sergeant salutes, steps in front of the guard, and commands : 1 . Port, 2. arms, 3. Open, 4. chamber, 5. Close, 6. CHAMBER, 7. DISMISSED; or, 7. Order, 8. arms, 9. Stack, 10. ARMS, 11. DISMISSED. (See Par. 106.) 12 §. The sergeant of the guard has direct charge of prisoners, and is responsible to the commander of the guard for their security. 129 . He will carry the keys of the guard room and cells, and will not suffer them to leave his personal pos- session while he is at the guardhouse, except as herein- after provided (Par. 131). Should he leave the guard- SERGEANT OF THE GUARD. 23 ] louse for any purpose, he will turn the keys over to the non-commissioned officer who takes his place (Par. 114). ISO. He will count the knives, forks, etc., given to the prisoners with their food, and see that none of these articles remain in their possession. He will see that no forbidden articles of any kind are conveyed to the pris- oners. I SI. Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed in line, in its centre. The sergeant, immedi- ately before forming the guard, will turn over his keys to the non-commissioned officer at the guardhouse. Having formed the guard, he will divide it into two nearly equal parts. Indicating the point of division with his hand, he commands: 1. Right (or Left), 2. face, 3. Forward, 4. march, 5. Guard, 6. halt, 7. Left (or Right), 8. face. If the first command be right face, the right half of the guard only will execute the movements ; if left face, the left half only will execute them. The com- mand halt is given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit the prisoners. The doors of the guard room and cells are then opened by the non-commissioned officer having the keys. The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the sergeant, the non-commissioned offi- cer and sentinel on duty at the guardhouse, and will form in line between the two parts of the guard. 1 32 . To return the prisoners to the guardroom and cells the sergeant commands : 1. Prisoners, 2. Right (or Left), 3. face, 4. Forward, 5. Column Right (or Left), 6 . march. The prisoners under the same supervision as before will return to their proper rooms or cells. 133 . To close the guard the sergeant commands : 1. Left (or Right), 2. face, 3. Forward, 4. march, 5 Guard , 6 . halt, 7. Right (or Left), 8. face. The left or right half only of the guard, as indicated, executes the movement. 24 CORPORAL OF THE GUARD, 134 . If there be but few prisoners, the sergeant may indicate the point of division as above, and form the necessary interval by the commands : 1. Right (or Left) step, 2. march, 3. Guard, 4. halt, and close the intervals by the commands : 1. Left (or Right) step, 2. march, 3. Guard, 4. halt. 135 . The sergeant of the guard will cause the corpo- ral of each relief to verify the number of prisoners whenever his relief goes on post. 136 . If sentinels are numerous, reliefs may be posted in detachments, and sergeants, as well as corporals, re- quired to relieve and post them. 137 . Sergeants assigned to reliefs perform the duties prescribed for corporals of the guard. They will not be so assigned unless the number of corporals detailed for guard be less than the number of reliefs. CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 138 . Corporals of the guard are assigned to reliefs by the commander of the guard. 130 . A corporal of the guard receives and obeys orders from none but non-commissioned officers of the guard senior to himself, the’ officers of the guard, the officer of the day, and the commanding officer . 140 . It is the duty of the corporal of the guard to post and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of his relief in their orders and duties. 141 . Immediately after the division of the guard into reliefs the corporals will assign the members of their respective reliefs to posts by number, and a soldier so assigned to his post will not be changed to another dur- ing the same tour of guard duty, unless by direction of the commander of the guard or higher authority. Usu- ally, experienced soldiers are placed over the arms of the guard, and at remote and responsible posts. CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 25 142 . Each corporal will then make a list of the mem- bers of his relief, including himself. This list will com tain the number of the relief, the name, the company, and regiment of every member thereof, and the post to which each is assigned. The list will be made in dupli- cate, one copy to be given to the sergeant of the guard as soon as completed, the other to be retained by the corporal. 1451 . As soon as the officers of the day have visited their respective guards, or as soon as directed by the offi- cer of the guard, the corporal of the first relief posts his relief. 144 . The corporal forms his relief, and then com- mands CALL OFF. Commencing on the right, the men call of alternately, rear and front rank, “one, ’ ’ “two, ’ ’ “three, ’ ’ “four, ' ' and so on ; if in single rank, they call off from right to left. The corporal then commands : 1. Right, 2. face, 3. Forward, 4. march. In wet weather the relief may be marched at secure arms, The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear file, in order to observe the march. The corporal of the old guard marches on the right of the leading file, and takes command when the last one of the old sentinels is re- lieved, changing places with the corporal of the new guard. 145 - When the relief arrives at six paces from a sen- tinel (See Par. 214), the corporal halts it and commands, according to the number of the post : 1. No. ( ). The new sentinel comes to a carry, approaches the old, halts at about one pace from him, and both execute port arms or saber. (See Par. 207.) 146 . The corporals advance and place themselves, facing each other, a little in advance of the new sentinel, the old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left. 88 CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. both at a carry or order , and observe that the old sentinel transmits correctly his instructions. The following’ diagram will illustrate the positions taken ; 9 I I I Cl ID R is the relief ; A, the new corporal, ; B, the old ; C, the new sentinel ; D, the old. 147 . The instruction relative to the post having been communicated, the new corporal commands : Post , then steps back about two paces and commands : 1. Forward, 2. march. The corporals take their places as the relief passes them. 14 §. The sentinels at the guardhouse are the first re- lieved ; they are left at the guardhouse. 140 . On the return of the old relief, the corporal of the new guard falls out when the relief halts ; the cor- poral of the old guard forms his relief on the left of the old guard, salutes, and reports to the commander of his guard : Sir , the relief is present , and takes his place in the guard. 150 . To post a relief after the sentinels of the old guard have been relieved, its corporal forms it by the commands : 1. (Such) relief, 2. fall in ; and if arms are stacked, 8. Take, 4. arms. The relief is formed in double or single rank (accord- ing as the guard is formed) facing to the front, with arms at an order (See Par. 144) ; the men place themselves ac cording to the numbers of their respective posts, viz. : two, four, six, and so on; in the fron frank, one, three, five. CORPORAL OF THE GUARD 27 and so on, in the rear rank, or in the order of their re- spective posts from right to left, according as the relief is in double or single rank. The corporal, standing about two paces in front of the center of his relief, then com- mands: Call off. The men call off as prescribed (Par. 144). The corporal then commands: 1. Port, 2. arms, 3. Open, 4. chamber, 5. Close, 6. chamber, 7. Order, 8 . arms; faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle salute, reports, Sir, the relief is present, and then takes his place on the right at order arms. 151 . Having inspected the relief (see Par. 83), the commander of the guard directs the corporal, Post your relief. The corporal salutes and posts his relief as pre- scribed (Pars. 144 to 148); the corporal of the relief on post does not go with the relief, except when neces- sary to show the way. 152 . II so directed by the commander of the guard, the corporal, before posting his relief, will command: 1. With ball cartridges, 2. load, 3. Order, 4. arms. 153 . To dismiss the old relief, it is halted and faced, to the front at the guardhouse by the corporal of the new relief, who then falls out; the corporal of the relief steps in front of the relief, and commands: 1. Port, 2. arms, 3. Open, 4. chamber, 5. Close, 6 CHAMBER, 7. dismissed; or 7. Order, 8. arms, 9. Stack, 10. ARMS, 11. DISMISSED. 154 . Should the pieces have been loaded before the relief was posted, the corporal commands: 1. Draw, 2. cartridge, 3. Port, 4. arms, 5. dis- missed; or 3. Order, 4. arms, 5. Stack, 6 . arms, 7. dis- missed. 155 . Each corporal will throughly acquaint himself with all the special orders of every sentinel on his relief, and see that each sentinel correctly transmits such orders in detail to his sucessor. 3 28 CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. 156. He will see that each sentinel, on being posted, clearly understands the limits and extent of his post. 157. There should be at least one non-commissioned officer constantly on the alert at the guardhouse, usually the corporal whose relief is on post. This non-commis- sioned officer takes post near the entrance of the guard- house, and does not fall in with the guard when it is formed. He will have his rifle constantly with him. 158. He will see that no person enters the guard- house, or guard tent, or crosses the posts of the sentinels there posted, without proper authority. 159. Should any sentinel call for the corporal of the guard, the corporal will, in every case, at once and quickly proceed to such sentinel. He will notify the ser- geant of the guard before leaving the guardhouse. 160. He will at once report to the commander of the guard any violation of regulations or any unusual occur- rence reported to him by a sentinel, or coming to his notice in any other way. 1 61 » Should a sentinel call “ The Guard,” the corporal will promptly notify the commander of the guard. 162. Should a sentinel call “Relief,” the corporal will at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, taking with him the man next for duty on that post. If the sentinel is relieved for a short time only, the corporal will see that he is again posted as soon as the necessity for his relief ceases. 1 63. Immediately before the hour for challenging to begin, the corporal whose relief is on post will commu- nicate the countersign to all the sentinels of his relief, excepting those posted at the guardhouse. 164. He will, at the proper time, notify No. 1 of the hour, if sentinels are required to call the hours or half hours of the night. 165. He will wake the corporal whose relief is next on post in time for the latter to form his relief and post it at the proper hour. CORPORAL OF THE GUARD, 29 166. Should the guard be turned out, each corporal will call his own relief, and cause its members to fall in promptly. 167 . Corporals will ascertain the tents or bunks of all members of their reliefs, in order to turn them out when necessary, in the least time, and with the least con- fusion. 1 68 . When challenged by a sentinel while posting his relief, the corporal commands: 1. Relief, 2. halt; to the sentinel’s challenge he answers “ Relief ” and at the order of the sentinel, he advances alone to give the coun- tersign, or to be recognized. When the sentinel says “ Advance relief .” the corporal commands: 1. Forward , 2. MARCH. If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as pre- scribed (Pa^s. 145 to 148). 169 . Between retreat and reveille, the corporal of the guard will challenge all suspicious looking persons or parties he may observe, first halting his patrol or relief, if either be with him. He will advance them in the same manner that sentinels on post advance 1 ike parties (Pars. 222 to 227); but if the route of a patrol is on a continuous chain of sentinels, he should not challenge persons com- ing near him unless he has reason to believe that they have eluded the vigilance of sentinels. 170 . Between retreat and reveille, whenever so or- dered by an officer entitled to inspect the guard, the corporal will call: “ Turn out the guard ,” announcing the title of the officer and then, if not otherwise ordered, he will salute, and return to his post. 171 . Between retreat and reveille, on the approach of an armed party other than a returning relief or de- tachment of the guard, he will call; “ Turn out the guard. Armed party” and remain where he can observe the movements of the party while the guard is forming, and then return to his post. 172 . As a general rule he will advance parties ap- proaching the guard at night in the same manner that 30 MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD. sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus: The sen- tinel at the guardhouse challenges and reports the answer to the corporal, as prescribed hereafter (Par. 240); the corporal advancing at port arms, says: “ Advance (so and so) with the countersign ,” or “ to be recognized ” if there be no countersign used; the countersign being correctly given, or the party being duly recognized, the corporal says: “ Advance (so and so);” repeating the answer to the challenge of the sentinel. 173 . When officers of different rank approach the guardhouse from different directions at the same time, the senior will be advanced first, and will not be made to wait for his junior. 174 . Out of ranks and under arms, the corporal sa- lutes with the rifle salute. He will salute all officers, whether by day or night. If marching his relief he will have the relief at a carry before saluting. 175 . The corporal will examine parties halted and detained by sentinels, and if he have reason to believe the parties have no authority to cross sentinels’ posts, will conduct them to the commander of the guard. 176 . The corporal of the guard will arrest all suspi- cious looking characters prowling about the post or camp, all persons of a disorderly charaeterer disturbing- the peace, and all persons taken in the act of committing crime against the Government on a military reservation or post. All persons arrested by corporals of the guard, or by sentinels, will at once be conducted to the com- mander of the guard by the corporal. MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD. 177 . Musicians of the guard are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, the officer of the day, officers, and non-commissioned officers of theguard. 17§. Unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer, they will remain at the guardhouse during.their tour, and will fall in with the guard when it is formed. ORDERLY. 31 They form on a line with the front rank of the guard, their left three paces from the right guide. 179 . Musicians of the guard sleep at the guardhouse, unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer. 1§0. They will sound all calls prescribed by the commanding officer, and such other calls as may be ordered by proper authority, at such times and places as may be directed. 1SI. Should the guard be turned out for national or regimental colors or standards, the field music of the guard will, when the guard presents arms, sound, " To the color/’ or “ To the standard, “ or, if for any person entitled thereto, the prescribed march, flourishes, or ruffles, as follows : The President : The President’s March. The General, the Admiral, the Vice President, the Members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice, the Presi- dent of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, and Governors, within their respective States and Territories : The General’s March. The Lieutenant General or the Major General Com- manding, the Vice Admiral, American or Foreign Envoys, or Ministers : three flourishes or three ruffles. A Major General or a Rear Admiral : two flourishes or two ruffles. A Brigadier General or a Commodore : one flourish or one ruffle. Officers of marines, and of the volunteers and militia when in the service of the United States, are entitled to the honors due to like grades in the regular service. Officers of a foreign service are entitled to the honors due to their rank. ORDERLY FOR THE COMMANDING OFFICER. 1§2. When so directed, the adjutant will select an orderly for the commanding officer from the members of the new guard, an extra man being detailed for guard for 32 ORDERLY. this purpose ; the selection is usually made during the Inspection at guard mounting. I 83. That soldier will be chosen who is most correct in the performance of duty and in military bearing, neatest in person and clothing, and whose arms and ac- coutrements are in the best condition. Clothing, arms and equipments must conform to the regulations pre- scribing the uniform. If there be doubt as to the rela- tive merits of two or more soldiers, the adjutant maj" cause them to form in line a few paces in front of the guard, or may proceed to the guardhouse and cause them to form in line a few paces from the guard, after it has been brought to an order. They fall in facing to the front, at order arms. The adjutant will cause them to execute the manual of arms, both with and without the numbers, to march, etc., the most proficient being selected as orderly. If doubts still exists, he will sub- ject them to a more minute inspection, or may cause them to draw lots. The adjutant will notify the com- mander of the guard of his selection. 184. When directed by the commander of the guard to fall out and report, the orderly will give his name, company, and regiment to the sergeant of the guard, and leaving his rifle in the arm rack in his company quarters, will proceed at once to the commanding officer, reporting : “Sir, Private , Company , reports as orderly.” 185. If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will report equipped with saber belt and saber, unless other- wise directed by the commanding officer, first leaving his carbine in the arm rack of his troop quarters. 186. In the field, or on the march, the equipment of the orderly will be as directed by the commanding officer. 187. The orderly, while on duty as such, is subject to the orders of the commanding officer only. 188. When ordered to carry a message, he will careful to deliver it exactly as it was given to him. PRIVATES OF THE GUARD. 33 189 . The orderly may be permitted to sleep in his company quarters, or in such other places as the com- manding officer may direct. 190 . His tour of duty ends when he is relieved by the orderly selected from the guard relieving his own. 191 . The orderly is a member of the guard, and his name, company and regiment are entered on the guard report and lists of the guard. 192 . If the necessities of the service require the habitual detail or other orderlies, they are selected and detailed as prescribed for the orderly for the command- ing officer. They are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, and the officer for whom detailed. PRIVATES OF THE GUARD. 193 . Without permission from the commander of the guard, members of the guard, except orderlies, will not remove their accoutrements or clothing, nor leave the immediate vicinity of the guardhouse. (See Par. 91.) 191 . During his tour of guard duty a. soldier is sub- ject to the orders of the commanding officer, the officer of the day, the officers and non-commissioned officers of the guard only. 195 . When not engaged in the performance of a spe- cific duty, a member of the guard will salute all officers who pass him. This rules applies to all hours of the day or night. 190 . Whenever the guard or a relief is dismissed, each member not at once required for duty will place his rifle in the arm racks, if they be provided, and will not remove it therefrom unless he requires it in tne per- formance of some duty. 197 . Privates are assigned to reliefs by the com- mander of the guard, and to posts, usually, by the cor- poral of their relief. They will not change from one relief or post to another, during the same tour of guard duty, unless by proper authority. 34 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST. 198. Should the guard be formed, soldiers will fall in ranks under arms. At a roll call, each man, as Jus name or number and relief are called, answers " Here, ’ ’ and comes to order arms. 199. No soldier shall hire another to do his duty for him. (36th Art. of War.) 200. Any soldier who is found drunk on his guard, party, or other duty, shall suffer such punishment as a court-martial may direct. (38th Art. of War.) ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST. 201 . Orders for sentinels on post are divided into two classes, general orders and special orders. 202. Sentinels will be required to memorize the fol- lowing : My general orders are : To take charge of this post and all Government property in view; To walk my post in a military manner, keeping constantly on the alert, observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing ; To report every breach of orders or regulations that / am instructed to enforce ; To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guard- house than my own ; To quit my post only when properly relieved ; To receive, transmit, and obey all orders from, and allow myself to be relieved by the commanding officer, officer of the day, an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard only ; To hold conversation with no one except in the proper dis- charge of my duty. In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm ; To allow no one to commit nuisance in the vicinity of my post ; In any case not covered by instructions, to call the corporal of the guard ; To salute all officers, and colors or standards not cased ; ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST. 35 At night to exercise the greatest vigilance. Between retreat ( o’clock, naming' the hour designated by the com- manding officer) and broad daylight, challenge all person j seen on or near my post, and allow no person to pass without proper authority. 203. In addition to the foregoing, sentinels posted at the guardhouse or guard tent will be required to memorize the following : Between the reveille and retreat , to turn out the guard for all persons entitled to the compliment , for all colors or standards not cased , and for all armed parties approaching my post, ex- cept troops at drill and reliefs or detachments of the guard. At night, after challenging any person or party, to advance no one, but call the corporal of the guard, repeating the answer to the challenge. 204 . A sentinel on post is not required to halt and change the position of his rifle on arriving at the end of his post, nor to execute to the rear, march, precisely as prescribed in the drill regulations, but faces about while marching in the way most convenient to him, and either to the right about or ]eft about, and at any part of his post, as may be best suited to the proper performance of his duties. He carries his rifle on either shoulder, and at night, or in wet and severe weather, when not in the sentry box, may carry it at a secure. 205 . Sentinels, when in sentry boxes, stand at ease . Sentry boxes will be used in wet weather only. 206 . In very hot weather sentinels may be allowed to stand at ease on their posts, provided they can in this position effectively discharge their duties. Sentinels will, however, before taking advantage of this privilege, obtain the express authority of the commander of the guard or officer of the day. 207 . When calling for any purpose, challenging, or in communication with any person, an infantry sentinel will take the position of port arms. A cavalry sentinel, if dismounted, will take the position of pert arms, raise 36 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS ON POST. pistol, oi* port saber, according- as he is armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber ; if mounted, he will take the position of advance carbine, raise pistol or guard ; he will not dismount, without authority, while on duty as a sentinel. 208. A sentinel will not quit his piece, except on an explicit order from some person from whom he lawfully receives orders while cn post ; under no circumstances will he yield it to any other person. 209 . A sentinel will arrest suspicious persons prowl- ing about the post or camp at any time, all parties to a disorder occurring on or near his post, or any one who attempts to enter the camp at night, even soldiers of other corps, and will turn over all persons arrested to the corporal of the guard, 210 . He will at once report to the corporal of the guard every unusual or suspicious event noticed. 21 1 * If relief become necessary, by reason of sick- ness or other cause, the sentinel will call, “ Corporal of the Guard, No. ( — ),* relief ,” givingthe number of liis post. 212 . To call the corporal of the guard for any other purpose than for relief, the sentinel will call, “Corporal of the Guard, No. ( — ). ' ' 213 . Whenever relieved, a sentinel will repeat, in de- tail, to his successor, all special orders relating to his post. 214 . If a sentinel is to be relieved, he will halt and face toward the relief with arms at a carry when the re- lief is fifteen paces from him. He will come to port arms when the new sentinel halts. (See Pars. 145 and 207.) The old sentinel, uuder the supervision of both corporals, gives in a low tone his instructions to the one taking post. Both sentinels then resume carry, face toward the new corporal and step back so as to allow the relief to pass in front of them. The old sentinel takes his place in rear of the relief as it passes him, his piece in tne same position as those of the relief. The new sentinel remains at a carry until the relief has passed six paces beyond him, when he walks his post. ORDERS FOR SENTINELS EXCEPT AT POST OF GUARD. 37 815. Between retreat (or the hour designated by the commanding officer) and broad daylight, it' a sentinel sees any person or party on or near his post, he will ad- vance rapidly along his post toward such person or party, and when within about thirty paces will challenge (see Par. 208) sharply, “Halt. Who is there?” He will place himself in the best position to receive or, if necessary, I arrest the person or party. . ' 816. In case a mounted party be challenged, the sen- tinel will call, “Dismount ,” after challenging - 21^. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign to any one except the sentinel who relieves him, or to a person from whom he properly receives orders, on such person’s verbal order given personally. 44th Article of War. — Any person belonging to the armies of the United States, who makes known the watch- word to any person not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war, or presume to give a parole or watchword different from that which he re- ceived, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct. ORDERS FOR SENTINELS EXCEPT THOSE AT THE POST OF THE GUARD. 218. In case of fire, the sentinel will call “ Fire , No, ( ),” givingthe number of his post; if possible, he will extinguish the fire by his own efforts. In case of dis- order, he will call “ The Guard , No, ( ).” If the danger be great, he will, in either case, discharge his piece before calling. Night Orders. 219 f Until duly recognized by countersign or other- wise, the sentinel will allow no one to approach nearer than about ten feet from him. 38 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS EXCEPT AT POST OF GUARD. * 220. The sentinel will suffer one only of any party to approach him for the purpose of giving- the countersign, or, if no countersign be used, of being duly recognized, When this has been done, the whole party is advanced, i.e., allowed to pass. 221. In all cases the sentinel must satisfy himself beyond a reasonable doubt that the parties are what they represent themselves to be, and have a right to pass. If he be not satisfied, he must cause them to stand, and call the corporal of the guard. So, likewise, if he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, or when the party'challenged has not the countersign, or gives an incorrect one. 222. When two or more persons approach in one party, the sentinel, on receiving an answer that indicates that some one in the party has the countersign, will say “ Advnce one with the countersign , ' ’ and, if the countersign is given correctly, will then say, “ Advance (so and so),’ ’ repeating the answer to his challenge. Thus, if the an- swer be “Friends with the countersign (or patrol, or etc.), the sentinel will say “Advance one with the countersign ,” then, “ Advance friends (or patrol, or etc.).” 223. If a person having the countersign approach alone, he is advanced to give the countersign. Thus : If the answer be, “ Friend with the countersign (or officer of the day, or etc.), the sentinel will say, “ Advance friend (or of- cer of the day, or etc.), with the countersign then, “ Ad- vance friend (or officer of the day, or efc.).” 224. If two or more parties approach a sentinel's post from different directions at the same time, all such parties are challenged in turn. The senior is first ad- vanced, in accordance with the foregoing rules. 225. If a party be already advanced, and in communi- cation with a sentinel, the latter will challenge any other party that may approach ; if the party challenged be senior to the one already on his post, the sentinel will advance such party at once. The senior, if competent, ORDERS FOR SENTINELS EXCEPT AT POST OF GUARD. 39 to give orders to the sentinel, may direct him to ad- vance any or all of the other parties. Without such direction the sentinel will not advance any of them until the senior leaves him. He will then advance the senior only of the remaining parties, and so on. 226. The following order of rank will govern a sen- tinel in advancing different persons or parties approach- ing his post at night : Commanding officer, officer of the day, officer of the guard, officers, patrols, non-commis- sioned officers of the guard in the order of rank, friends. 227. The sentinel will never allow himself to be sur- prised, nor permit two parties to advance upon him at the same time. 228. After challenging and duly recognizing an offi- cer, the sentinel, unless spoken to, salutes and resumes walking his post ; if spoken to, he continues at port arms (see Par. 207); he salutes when the officer leaves him. 229. If no countersign be used, the rules for chal- lenging are the same. The rules for advancing parties are modified only as follows : Instead of saying “ Advance (so and so) with the cojntersign ,' ' thesentinefwill say, “Ad- vance (so and so) to be recognized. ’ ’ Upon recognition the sentinel will say, “ Advance (so and so).’’ The same rules apply, when the countersign is used, in the cases of persons whom the .sentinel is authorized to pass without the countersign. (See Par. 48.) 236. When not in the presence of the enemy, senti- nels may be required to call the hours and half hours between t lie time when challenging* begins and reveille. When this is required, they will call successively in the numerical order of their posts, beginning* at the guardhouse (see Par. 241), each one giving the number of his post, repeating the hour of the night, then adding : “ All’s well.” Thus: “No 2, eleven o’clock. AH' swell.” This call should be made, and the number of the post and the hour announced in a clear and distinct manner, without unduly prolonging the words. 40 ORDERS FOR SENTINELS AT POST OF GUARD. 231. In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next preceding- him will repeat the call ; if the call is not taken up within a reasonable time, he will call the corporal of the guard and report the facts. ORDERS FOR SENTINELS AT THE POST OF THE GUARD. 232. The following examples illustrate the manner in which a sentinel at the post of the guard turns out the guard : “ Turn out the guard , commanding officer, “ Turn out the guard, Governor of Territory,” “ Turn out the guard, na- tional colors,” “ Turn out the guard, armed party,” etc. At the approach of the new guard at guard mount- ing, the sentinel will call, as in the last example : “Turn out the guard, armed party. ’ ’ 233 . Should the person named by the sentinel not desire the guard formed, he will salute and say, “Never mind the guard, ’ ’ whereupon the sentinel calls, “Never mind the guard. ’ ’ 234 . After having called, “Turnout the guard,” the sentinel will not, in any case, call, “Never mind the guard, ’ ’ oh the approach of an armed party. 235 . Though the guard be already formed, he will not fail to call, “Turn out the guard,” as required in his general orders, except as provided in paragraph 236. 236. If two or more persons entitled to the compli- ment approach at the same time, the sentinel will call for the senior only;- if the senior does not desire the guard formed, the sentinel then calls, “Never mind the guard. ’ ' The guard will not be turned out for an officer while a senior entitled to the compliment is at or com- ing' to the post of the guard. 237 . The sentinels at the post of the guard will warn the commander of the approach of any armed body, and to arrest all suspicious or disorderly persons. They will not permit enlisted men to pass without reporting-, unless COMPLIMENTS FROM SENTINELS. 41 orders to the contrary have been given by the command- ing officer. 23§, In case of fire or disorder in the vicinity of the guardhouse, the sentinel posted there will call the cor- poral of the guard and report the facts to him. Night Orders. 239. After receiving an answer to his challenge, the sentinel calls, “ Corporal of the guard (so and so),” repeat- ing the answer to his challenge. He does not in such cases repeat the number of his post. 240. He remains in the position assumed in challeng- ing until the corporal of the guard advances the person challenged to give the countersign or for recognition, when he resumes walking his post, or y if the party be entitled thereto, he salutes, and, as soon as the salute is acknowledged, resumes walking his post. 241. In calling the hours of the night, No. 1 will, at the direction of a non-commissioned officer of the guard, call, “/l/o. 7, (such) o'clock.” After the call has passed around the chain of sentinels he will call “ All’s well.” COMPLIMENTS FROM SENTINELS. 242. The salute of a sentinel will habitually be ren- dered without halting for the purpose. An infantry sentinel will salute with the rifle salute ; a cavalry sentinel with the saber drawn, whether mounted or dismounted, will salute with the present ; armed with the carbine, if dismounted, he will salute with the carbine salute ; if mounted, he will advance carbine. In other cases, the sentinel will salute with the hand. 243. A line of sentinels posted as in Escorts of Honor will present arms at the command of the chief of the detachment, unless the length of the line or intervals between sentinels make such a salute inappropriate, in 42 COMPLIMENTS FROM SENTINELS. which case each sentinel salutes as prescribed in Par. 242. The present arms is used as the simultaneous salute rendered by a body of men at command ; the salute pre- scribed in Par. 242 is the individual salute. 244. Saluting* distance is the limit within which in- dividuals and the insignia of rank can be readily recog- nized ; it is assumed to be about thirty paces. 245. A sentinel will salute an officer approaching when he arrives within about six paces ; but if, after coming within saluting distance, the officer does not approach within six paces, the sentinel salutes when the officer arrives nearest him, or just before he crosses the , sentinel’s post. The same rules apply when a color or standard not cased, carried by a color guard or any armed party, or when the officer commanding a party, whether armed or unarmed, passes; so also when the remains of a deceased officer or soldier are carried past. 24th In case of the approach of an armed party of the guard, the sentinel will halt when it is about fifteen paces from him, facing toward the party, with his piece at a carry. If not himself relieved, he will, as the party passes, place himself so that it will pass in front of him ; he resumes walking his post when the party has passed , six paces beyond him. The same rules apply in the case of the approach of ! the new or old guard. { 247, Sentinels will not salute nor halt on the approach < of any armed or unarmed party of troops, except as pro- i vided for in Par. 246. In any case, if the party be com- ' manded by a commissioned officer, the sentinel will sa- \ lute him as prescribed in Par. 245. 248. On the approach of an officer from whom he properly receives orders, a sentinel will walk his post toward the officer, and, if not spoken to, will salute as prescribed in Par. 245 ; if spoken to, he will halt, facing COMPLIMENTS FROM GUARDS. 43 toward the officer, his piece at port arms (see Par. 207) ; he salutes when the officer leaves him. The same will be observed in the case of the approach of a non-commissioned officer of the guard, except that the sentinel does not salute. 249 . An officer is entitled to the compliments pre- scribed, whether in uniform or not. 250 . If an officer or group of officers remain on or near a sentinel’s post, the sentinel salutes but once, continuing to walk his post. 251 . A sentinel at port arms , and in communication with an officer, will not interrupt the communication to salute a junior, unless directed by the senior to do so. COMPLIMENTS FROM GUARDS. 252 . Between reveille and retreat, the guard of a post or camp turns out and presents arms to the following : The President, Vice President, Members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice, Speaker of the House of Representa- tives of the United States ; Governors in their respective States or Territories ; the Sovereign or Chief Magistrate of a foreign state ; the Heir Apparent and Consort of the reigning sovereign of a foreign state ; all general offi- cers of the army ; general officers of a foreign service visiting at a post ; naval, marine, volunteer, and militia officers in the service of the United States and holding the relative rank of a general officer ; American or for- eign envoys or ministers ; commanding officer of the post or camp, and the officer of the day. 253 . The relative rank of officers of the navy and army is as follows : Admiral, general ; vice admiral, lieu- tenant general ; rear admiral, major general ; commo- dore, brigadier general ; captain, colonel; commander, lieutenant colonel ; lieutenant commander, major ; lieu- tenant, captain ; lieutenant (junior grade), first lieu- tenant ; ensign, second lieutenant. (A. R. 11, 1889.) 254 . Guards will turn out and present arms when the national or regimental colors or standards, not cased, are 4 44 SPECIAL ORDERS. carried past by a color guard or any armed party. This rule applies also when the party carrying the colors is at drill. Colors and standards when cased will not be saluted nor will the guard turn out for them. 255 . All guards will turn out under arms when armed parties approach their posts ; to parties commanded by commissioned officers they will present arms, officers saluting. 256 . The old guard will turn out and present arms on the approach of the new guard, and the new guard will present arms as the old guard marches past, commanders of both guards saluting in both cases, whatever be the grade of either commander. 257 . In case the remains of a deceased officer or soldier are carried past, the guard, if formed, will pre- sent arms. 25 §. Guards will turn out and present arms to officers entitled to the compliment as often as they pass. The personal guard of a general officer will turn out to him and to his superiors in rank only. 259 . All guards and sentinels will pay the same com- pliments to civil officers of the government, to officers in the military or civil service of foreign powers, to officers of the navy and marine corps, and to officers of volun- teers and militia when in the service of the United States, that are directed to be paid to officers of the army of corresponding rank. (See Pars. 252 and 253.) 260 . Guards do not turn out as a matter of compli- ment after sunset, nor will any compliments be paid by the guard between retreat and reveille. SPECIAL ORDERS. 261 . Special orders define the duties to be performed by a sentinel on a particular post, and are prescribed by the commanding officer. COLOR LINE AND SENTINELS 45 262 . The number, limits and extent of his post will invariably constitute part of the special orders of every sentinel on post. The limits of his post should be so de- fined as to include every place to which he is required to go in the performance of his duties. 263 . The sentinel at the commanding officer’s tent will warn him, day or night, of any unusual movement in or about the camp. 264 . Special orders for sentinels over the colors and over prisoners will be found in Pars. 272, 297, 298 and 299. COLOR LINE AND SENTINELS. 265 . A sufficient number of sentinels, not to exceed three, is placed on the color line to guard the colors and stacks. 266 . In camps of instruction, the proper number of sentinels for the color line will be selected from the guard by the adjutant at guard mounting, the requird number of extra men being detailed for guard for this purpose. They are designated color sentinels , and are selected in the manner prescribed for the selection of the orderly for the commanding officer. (See Par. 183.) 267 . Color sentinels so selected are on post only so long as the stacks are formed. If necessary, their places are taken at night by the other sentinels posted on the color front or on the flanks. 268 . When stacks are broken, the color sentinels may be permitted to return to their respective companies. They are required to report in person to the commander of the guard at reveille and retreat. They will fall in with the guard, under arms, at guard mounting. 269 . Color sentinels are not placed on the regular reliefs, nor is their post numbered. In calling for the corporal of the guard, they call, 4 4 Corporal of the guard, Color line .” 46 SUPERNUMERARIES — PRISONERS. 270, The time of walking post on the color line is equally divided among the color sentinels by the com- mander of the guard. 27 B. A color sentinel on post is subject to and will observe all the general orders prescribed for sentinels on other posts. Special orders for color sentinel's. 272. A sentinel placed over the colors will not permit them to be moved except in presence of an armed escort. He will allow no one to touch them but the color bearer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard when he is • accompanied by two armed men. He will not permit any soldiers to take arms from the * stacks, or to touch them, except by order of an officer, or ; a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If any person passing the colors or crossing the color line fail to salute the colors, the sentinel will caution him to do so, and if the caution be not heeded, he will call : the corporal of the guard and report the facts. SUPERNUMERARIES. 273. Supernumeraries will not be allowed to leave the camp or garrison ; they will hold themselves con- • stantly in readiness for detail as members of the guard. < They will not, however, be excused from ordinary camp , or garrison duties, but will not be detailed for anything i that may interfere with their duties as supernumeraries. (See Pars. 32 to 34.) PRISONERS. 274. The following articles of war bear directly upon the subject of the confinement of prisoners by a military guard, and the provisions must be carefully observed : PRISONERS. 47 Article 66. Soldiers charged with crimes shall be con- fined until tried by court-martial, or released by proper authority. Art. 67. No provost marshal, or officer commanding a guard, shall refuse to receive or keep any prisoner com- mitted to his charge by an officer belonging to the forces of the United States ; provided the officer committing shall, at the same time, deliver an account in writing, signed by himself, of the crime charged against the prisoner. Art. 68. Every officer to whose charge a prisoner is committed shall, within twenty-four hours after such commitment, or as soon as he is relie ved from his guard, report in writing to the commanding officer the name of such prisoner, the crime charged against him, and the name of the officer committing him ; and if he fails to make such report, he shall be punished as a court-mar- tial may direct. Art. 69. Any officer who presumes, without proper authority, to release any prisoner committed to his charge, or suffers any prisoner so committed to escape, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. Art. 70. No officer or soldier in arrest shall be con- tinued in confinement more than eight days, or until such time as a court-martial can be assembled. 275. The Revised Statutes of the United States con- tain the following section : Section 2151. No person apprehended by military force under the preceding section shall be detained longer than five days after arrest and before removal. All officers and soldiers who may have any such person in custody shall treat him with all the humanity whicli the circumstances may permit. The preceding section referred to, Section 2150, R. S., provides for the employ- ment, by direction of the President, of the military forces of the United States in the execution of certain laws re- lative to Indians, and to the Indian country. 48 PRISONERS. 27 %, The commander of a guard will place a civilian in confinement on an order from higher authority only, unless such civilian be arrested while in the act of com- mitting some crime within the limits of the military i jurisdiction : in which case the commanding officer will be immediately notified. 277 . Civilian prisoners and soldiers in confinement belongingto other commands are temporarily attached to companies for rations. 278 . Non-commissioned officers will not be confined at the guardhouse in company with privates, except in aggravated cases where escape is feared, but will be placed in arrest in their barracks or quarters. Their names will be entered on the guard report, and at formations of their companies, troops, or batteries, “ they will report to the commander of the guard unless J required to attend with their companies, etc. ; if the . guard is paraded at the same time, they take their places in the line of file closers of the guard. 279 . The arrest of anon-commissioned officer or the confinement of a soldier will, as soon as practicable, be reported to his company or detachment commander by the officer authorizing the arrest. An officer ordering a soldier into confinement will send, as soon as practicable, a written statement, • signed by himself, to the commander of the guard, setting ; forth the name, company, and regiment of such soldier, • and a brief statement of his alleged offense. It is sui- ; ficient statement of the offense to give the number of j the article of war under which the soldier is charged. < 2§1. A prisoner, after his first day of confinement, , and until his sentence has been duly promulgated, is con- ’f sidered as held in confinement under the authority of the \ ‘commanding officer. After the due promulgation of his sentence, the prisoner is held in confinement by authority of the officer who reviews the proceedings of the court awarding sentence. The commander of the guard will PRISONERS. 49 state in his report, in the proper place, the name of the officer by whom the prisoner was originally confined. When court-martial orders are to "be published at parade, the prisoners whose sentences are to be pub- lished will be marched by a detachment of the guard of suitable strength, commanded by a sergeant, and with at least one non-commissioned officer or private as file closer. The prisoners will be placed in the center of the detachment. As soon as the battalion is formed, the sergeant will march his party to a position behind the most convenient flank of the battalion and halt it there, the outer flank of the detachment opposite the outer flank of the battalion, and the front rank of the detach- ment three paces behind the line of file closers. If at regimental parade, the detachment will be halted in rear of the most convenient flank of the center or right center battalion. The sergeant will, in a low voice, bring the detachment to order arms and parade rest, so as to correspond to the manual of the battalion. During the exercises in the manual the detachment stands fast at an order. At the adjutant’s directions to bring forward the prisoners, the sergeant will march his party, at a carry, by the most convenient means around the flank and along the front of the battalion three paces in front of the line of company officers, until opposite the center of the battalion, where he will halt it, face it to the front, and order arms. Each prisoner, as his name is called, will step three paces to the front, halt, uncover, and remain uncovered during* the publication of the orders in his case. He will then cover, face abbut, and take his place in the detachment. When all the court- martial orders have been published, the adjutant will direct the sergeant to remove the prisoners. The ser- geant then marches his party, arms at a carry, by the most convenient means, along the front until past flank of the battalion, and if at battalion parade, by the most direct route back to the guard; if at regimental parade, he 50 PRISONERS. marches his party around the same flank as before, and thence in rear of the file closers by the most direct route back to the guard. A soldier who has been acquitted will not be paraded in front of the battalion to hear the orders in his case published; nor will a non-commissioned officer be so paraded unless his offense has been an aggravated one, or his sentence imposes reduction to the ranks ; in this case his chevrons will be removed before he is paraded with the detachment. When the orders are not to be read at parade, the officer of the guard, or officer of the day if there be no officer of the guard, will read the sentences of pris- • oners to them when the order promulgating the same is received. 2§4. A sentence to confinement is operative from the \ date of the order promulgating it, if the person sen- , tenced be then in custody; or, if a date is expressly fixed by the sentence, or in the order promulgating the pro- ceedings, the sentence will be operative from such date. . (A. R. 1025, 1889.) 2§5. When soldiers, either undergoing or awaiting sentence, commit offenses for which they are tried and ' sentenced, the second sentence will be executed upon the expiration of the first, unless the reviewing author- ity orders otherwise. 2 § 6 . Solitary confinement, or confinement on bread and water diet, shall not exceed fourteen days at a time, ! nor be again enforced until a period of fourteen days i has elapsed, nor shall such confinement exceed eighty- < four days in any one year. < 2§7. Prisoners awaiting trial by, or undergoing sen- i tence of, general court-martial, and those confined for \ serious offenses will, if practicable, be kept apart from those confined by sentence of a garrison court, or for minor offenses. As far as practicable, enlisted men in confinement PRISONERS, 51 awaiting trial or sentence will not be sent out to work with prisoners undergoing sentence. While thus con- fined they may, in the discretion of the commanding officer, be required to attend drills and be sent out to work under charge of a sentinel during the usual work- ing hours in a garrison, separately from prisoners under- going sentence. 288 . When prisoners are committed to the charge of the guard, all articles not proper for prisoners to retain while in confinement will be taken from them. Such articles, labeled with the owner’s name, will be handed to the commander of the guard. They will be, with all money and valuables, turned overto the commander of the company to which the prisoner belongs or is tempo- rarily attached; papers showing the kind of articles and list of valuables will be placed on file in the adjutant’s office, which action will be noted on the guard report. All articles and money will be returned to the prisoners when discharged from the guardhouse ; the command- ing officer will cause the fact to be noted on the guard report and on the back of original papers or list filed with the company commander. 289 . Prisoners will be required to pay proper atten- tion to cleanliness of person. Each prisoner will be re- quired to wash himself at least once each day, or oftener if necessary. Each prisoner should be required to bathe his whole person at least once a week. 290 . Prisoners will be furnished with food from the general mess, their respective companies, or from the companies to which they may be temporarily attached. The food of the prisoners will, when practicable, be sent to their places of confinement, but post command- ers may arrange to send the prisoners, under proper guard, to their messes for meals. 291. Enlisted men bringing meals for the prisoners will not be allowed to enter the prison room. 52 SENTINELS IN CHARGE OF PRISONERS. 292. The working* hours of prisoners, except when otherwise directed by the commanding officer, are from reveille until retreat, with proper intermissions for meals. 293. No prisoners will be allowed to leave the guard- house unless under the special charge of a sentinel. 294. Prisoners reporting themselves sick at sick call, or at the time designated by the commanding officer, will be sent to the hospital under charge of proper guard, with a sick report kept for the purpose. The re- commendation of the surgeon will be entered in the guard report. 295. Prisoners will be paraded with the guard at reveille and retreat roll calls and, except those out at work, at guard mounting, but at no other times. 290. A prisoner under charge of a sentinel will not salute an officer. SPECIAL ORDERS FOR SENTINELS IN CHARGE OF PRISONERS. For the sentinels at the guardhouse. 297. The sentinel at the post of the guard has charge of the prisoners. He will allow none to escape or to cross his post except under proper guard. He will allow no one to communicate in any way with prisoners without permission from proper authority. He will at once report to the corporal of the guard any suspicious noise made by prisoners. He must be prepared to tell, whenever asked, how many prisoners are in the guardhouse, and how many are at work, or elsewhere. Whenever prisoners pass his post, returning from work, he will call the corporal of the guard, notifying him of the number of prisoners so returning. Thus : “ Corporal of the guard , {so many) prisoners.” SENTINELS IN CHARGE OF PRISONERS. 53 If a prisoner attempts to escape, the sentinel will call “Halt.” If lie fails to halt when the sentinel has once repeated his call, and if there be no other possible means of preventing his escape, the sentinel will fire upon him. The following will more fully explain the important duties of the sentinel in this connection : War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, November i, 1881 . (Circular.) By direction of the Secretary of War the following is published for the information of the Army : U. S. CIRCUIT COURT, E. D. OF MICH., AUG. 1, 1887. The United States v. James Clark. The Circuit Court has jurisdiction of a homicide committed hv one soldier upon another within a military reservation of the United States. If a homicide be committed by a military guard without malice, and in the performance of his supposed duty as a soldier, such homicide is excusable, unless it was manifestly beyond the scope of his author- ity, or was such that a man of ordinary sense and understanding would know that it was illegal. It seems that the sergeant of the guard has a right to shoot a military convict if there be no other possible means of preventing his escape. The common law distinction between felonies and misdemeanors has no application to military offenses. While the finding of a Court of Inquiry acquitting the prisoner of all blame is not a legal bar to a prosecution, it is entitled to weight as an expression of the views of the military court of the necessity of using a musket to prevent the escape of the deceased. ******* By order of the Secretary of War: R. G. Drum, Adjutant General. 54 SENTINELS IN CHARGE OF PRISONERS. The following is taken from Circular No. 3 of 1883, from Headquarters Department of the Columbia: Vancouver Barracks, W. T., April 20, 1883. To the Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Columbia. Sir: ********* A sentinel is placed as guard over prisoners to prevent their escape, and, for this purpose, he is furnished a musket, with ammunition. To prevent escape is his first and most important duty. I suppose the law to be this: That a sentinel shall not use more force or violence to prevent the escape of a prisoner than is necessary to effect that object, but if the prisoner, after being ordered to halt, continues his flight, the sentinel may maim or even kill him. and it is his duty to do so. A sentinel who allows a prisoner to escape without firing upon him, and firing to hit him, is, in my judgment, guilty of a most serious military offense, for which he should and would be severely punished by a general court-martial. ********* Signed: Henry A. Morrow, Colonel 21st Infantry , Commanding Post. [Third endorsement.] Office Judge Advocate, Military Division of the Pacific, May 11 , 1883. Respectfully returned to the Assistant Adjutant General, Military Division of the Pacific, concurring fully in the views expressed by Colonel Morrow. I was not aware that such a view had ever been questioned. That the period is a time of peace does not affect the author- ity and duty of the sentinel or guard to fire upon the escaping prisoner, if this escape cannot otherwise be prevented. He should, of course, attempt to stop the prisoner before firing, by ordering him to halt, and will properly warn him by the words, “ Halt or I fire,” or words to such effect. W. Winthrop, Judge Advocate. [Fourth endorsement.] Headquarters Military Division of the Pacific, May 11. 1883. Respectfully returned to the Commanding General, Department of the Columbia, approving the opinion of the commanding officer 21st Infantry. GUARD PATROLS. 55 and of the Judge Advocate of the Division, in respect to the duty of and method to be adopted by sentinels in preventing prisoners from escaping. ********* By command of Major General Schofield: J. C. Keeton, Assistant Adjutant General. For sentinels in charge of prisoners at work. 298. A sentinel in charge of prisoners at work will not suffer them to escape nor allow them to converse with each other, nor with any person without permis- sion from proper authority. He will not himself speak to them, except in the execution of his duty. He will see that they do not straggle and are orderly in deport- ment and that they keep constantly at work. He will keep his prisoners constantly in front of him, and never allow them to walk at his side or in his rear. He will not at any time lose sight of them. When an officer approaches, or when he approaches an officer within six paces, he will salute with the rifle salute, taking care to keep his prisoners constantly in front of him. It is proper, however, in the discretion of the com- manding officer, to direct that sentinels in charge of prisoners render no compliment, when such orders are necessary in order that the sentinel may not have his attention diverted from the prisoners under his charge, and that he may be held to strict accountability for their safekeeping in situations favorable for escape. 299. In crossing the post of the sentinel at the guard- house a sentinel in charge of prisoners will call, “ Mo. 1 , {so many ) prisoners The duties of sentinels, in case prisoners attempt to escape, are explained in Par. 297. GUARD PATROLS. 300. A guard patrol is a small detachment of two or more men detailed to observe and procure information 56 COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES. of the enemy, or for the performance of some special service connected with guard duty. Patrols are usually detailed from the guard and receive instructions from its commander. 501. If the patrol be required to go beyond the chain of sentinels, the officer or non-commissioned officer in command will be furnished with the countersign, and the outposts and sentinels warned. 50 2. If challenged by a sentinel, the patrol is halted by its commander, and the non-commissioned officer ac- companying it advances alone and gives the countersign. COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES. SOS. As the communications containing the parole and the countersign must at times be distributed by many orderlies, the parole entrusted to many officers, and the countersigns besides to numerous sentinels, and both must for large commands be prepared several days in advance, there is always danger of being lost or otherwise disclosed to persons who would make improper use of them; moreover, a sentinel is too apt to take it for granted that any person who gives the right countersign is what he represents himself to be; hence for outpost duty there is greater security in omitting the use of the countersign and parole, or using them with great caution. The chief reliance should be upon personal recognition or identification of all persons claiming authority to pass. Persons whose sole means of identification is the coun- tersign, or concerning whose authority to pass there is a reasonable doubt, should not be allowed to pass without the authority of the corporal of the guard after proper investigation; the corporal will take to his next superior any case that he himself is not competent to decide. 304 . A countersign is a word given daily from the principal headquarters of a command to aid guards and sentinels in identifying persons who may be authorized to pass at night. COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES. 57 305 . It is given to such persons as are entitled to pass and repass sentinels’ posts during the night, and to officers, non-commissioned officers, and sentinels of the guard. Privates of the guard will not use the countersign ex- cept in the performance of their duties while posted as sentinels. 306 . The parole is a word used as a check on the countersign in order to obtain more accurate identifica- tion of persons. It is imparted only to those who are entitled to inspect guards and to commanders of guards. The parole, or countersign, or both, are sent in the form of an order to each person entitled thereto. When the commander of the guard demands the parole he will receive it as the corporal receives the countersign (Par. 172). 307 . The countersign is usually the name of a battle; the parole that of a general or other distinguished person. 30 §. When they cannot be communicated daily, a series of words for some days in advance may be sent to the posts or detachments that are to use the same parole and countersign as the main body. 309 . If the countersign be lost, or if a member of the guard desert with it, the commander on the spot will substitute another for it, and report the case at once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may be given to headquarters. 310 . No person shall make known the countersign or parole to any person not entitled to receive them. (See 44th Article of War and Par. 217). 311 . In addition to the countersign, use may be made of preconcerted signals, such as striking the rifle with the hand, or striking the hands together a certain num- ber of times, as agreed upon. Such signals may be used by the guards throughout the same general command or by those guards only that occupy exposed points. They are made before the countersign is given, and 58 MISCELLANEOUS, must not be made known to any person not authorized to know the countersign. Their use is intended to pre- vent the surprise of a sentinel. 312 . In the day time, signals, such as raising a cap or a handkerchief in a prearranged manner, may be- used by sentinels to communicate with the guard or with each other. MISCELLANEOUS. 313 . All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe respect toward sentinels. 314 . Any person entitled to compliment from a guard who does not desire to have the guard formed for him, will, at the call of the sentinel at the guardhouse desig- nating his title, salute him, and if near enough to be heard by the sentinel will say “Never mind the guard.’ ’ 315 . A general officer, or the commander of a regiment, post, or camp may visit the guards of his command and make such inspections as he may deem necessary. At night, or in the field, he takes from the main foody of the guard an escort, if necessary, to ac- company him to the next guard, on reaching which he orders hack his escort, and, taking- a new one, proceeds in like manner to other guards. 310. The sergeant of the old escort will march it back to the guard to which it belongs, reporting its return to the commander of his guard. If challenged while returning to his guard, the sergeant will answer “ Friends with the countersign.” 317 . All material instructions given to a sentinel by an officer having authority will foe promptly communi- cated to the commander of the guard by the officer giving them. 318 . The guard will not be paraded during cere- monies unless so ordered by the commanding officer. 319 . A guard may be turned out between retreat and reveille by direction of any person entitled to inspect it. MISCELLANEOUS. 59 320. From reveille until retreat is the interval be- tween the firing of the morning and the evening gun; or if no gun be fired, it is the interval between the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or the first march, if marches be played, and the last note of the retreat. 321. Any person having authority to inspect a guard, and who wishes to do so, will, after its commander has re- ported, direct him to prepare it for inspection, stating in what manner. 322. The adjutant, sergeant major, first sergeants, supernumeraries, and the band are held to be a portion of the guard until the guard has passed the officer of the day in review. The review over, the above mentioned persons cease to belong to the guard. 323. The commander of an armed party should have his command at a carry before returning the salute of a guard or sentinel, and until he has passed six paces beyond the sentinel or his post. 324. Answers to a sentinel’s challenge intended to confuse or mislead him are prohibited, but the use of such an answer as “ Friends with the countersign ” is not to be understood as misleading, but is the usual answer made by officers, patrols, etc., when the purpose of their visit makes it desirable that their official capacity should not be announced. 325. When inspecting sentinels, questions asked of them should be of such a character as to ascertain their knowledge of their duties and surroundings, without seeking to confuse them. 320. Unless necessity therefore exists, no person will require a sentinel to quit his piece, eve n to allow it to be inspected. 327. In stacking arms, if bayonets are fixed they will be used in making the stacks. 32§. Officers or enlisted men passing the colors will give the prescribed salute. 5 60 STABLE SERGEANT AND STABLE ORDERLY. Withno arms in hand the salute will be made by un- covering. If the colors are on the stacks, the salute will be made on crossing the color line, or on passing the colors. 329 . On the march, the camp guard, with the pris- oners, marches in rear of the regiment, or in advance with the camping party. 330 . When the camp guard marches with the camp- ing party, it forms, on reaching the camp, on the ground marked for the regiment. The commander of the guard furnishes the sentinels required by the commander of the camping party. Sentinels will be placed over the stores of provisions, fuel, and forage in the vicinity, and over the water when it is necessary to prevent waste or fouling. STABLE SERGEANT AND STABLE ORDERLY. (See Drill Regs., Cav., Pars. 995-1000 and 1106-1108.) 331 . The stables of cavalry will be guarded by senti- nels posted from the main guard, the sub-divisions of which will be so arranged as to give cavalry soldiers this duty, under the contol of the officer of the day. The post commander will limit the number of sentinels to the least compatible with the protection of horses and prop - erty. Habitually one sentinel at each end of a row of eight or less troop stables will be ample for this duty. If less than three troops of cavalry are stationed at a' post, one sentinel will be posted to the best advantage to secure safety of horses and property. A stable orderly, in addi- tion to the stable sergeant, should always remain in the stable at night within easy call of the guard. These special details, as also that for herd guard when neces- sary, will be made and credited to the cavalry on proper rosters. (See Pars. 30 and 31.) The stable sergeant and stable orderly are detailed for the protection of all public and private property in and STABLE SERGEANT AND STABLE ORDERLY. 61 about the troop stables, and for the enforcement of special regulations relating to the stables and horses. 332, The stable sergeant will receive his orders from his troop commander. He will — 1. Instruct the stable orderly in his duties. 2. Exact order and cleanliness about the stables. 3. Prevent the introduction of intoxicants into the stable, shops and tents about the stables. 4. Allow no smoking in the stable, or in its immedi- ate vicinity. 5. Allow no fire nor light (other than the stable lan- terns) in the stable. 6. Take charge of the animals, horse equipments, for- age and all property, both public and private, in and about the stable. 7. Examine all locks, windows, doors and gates, and see that everything is secure at night. 8. See that the lanterns are prepared during the day for lighting at night ; he will not allow them to be filled, trimmed or lighted in the stable. 9. Answer to the call of the sentinel promptly. 10. Call the farrier in case a horse is sick, and see that the case is properly attended to. 11. Report any unusual occurrence to the troop com- mander. 12. Not allow horses or other property to leave the stables without the written order of the post or troop commander, with the following exceptions : a. Officers’ private property is subject to the owners’ order. b. Horses authorized for mounted duty or pass may be taken out on a written order of the first sergeant. c. No formal order will be required for horses and equipments to leave the stable at established hours for ceremonies, mounted drill, herding and watering horses. The stable sergeant must be present to satisfy himself 62 TROOP STABLE GUARD. that the horses, etc., are taken out solely for these pur- poses. d. The troop team will be allowed to leave the stables in the daytime (between reveille and retreat) when the wagoner reports it to be necessary. e. The horses and equipments of the first sergeants and the non-commissioned officers in charge of the sta- ble may be taken out by their riders between reveille and retreat. 333. All horses returning to the stables, except from a formation, will be reported to the stable sergeant, and he will see that they are properly cared for ; in case of abuse at any time, he will promptly report the fact to the troop commander if the horse be public property ; to the owner, if private property. 334. In case of fire at the stable, the stable sergeant will take the necessary precautions in opening or closing the doors so as to prevent as far as possible the spreading of the fire and make it possible to remove the horses. He will then, assisted by all the available men, com- mence to lead out the horses, and, if practicable, secure them at the picket line or other designated place. 335. The stable sergeant will, when it is necessary for him to leave the stable or its vicinity, notify the sta- ble orderly, who is his assistant in the performance of the duties herein prescribed, and in his absence takes his duties. 336. Men employed about the stables will receive orders from the stable sergeant or, in his absence, from the stable orderly. 337. The stable orderly, in addition to the stable ser- geant, will remain in or near the stable at night, within easy call of the sentinel, and in the day time the stables will never be without at least one man in charge of them. TROOP STABLE GUARD. 63 TROOP STABLE GUARD. (See Par. 331 and Drill Regs., Cav., Pars. 995-1000 and 1106-1108.) 33 §. Troop stable guards will not be used except in the field, or when it is impracticable to guard the stables by sentinels from the main guard. 339 . Stable guards will be under the immediate con- trol of their respective troop commanders ; they will be posted in each cavalry stable, and will consist of not less than one non-commissioned officer and three privates. Stable guards are for the protection of the horses, stables, forage, equipments, and public property gener- ally. They will in addition enforce the special regulations in regard to stables and horses. 340 . The sentinels of stable guards will be posted at the stable, or at the picket lines when the horses are kept outside. The stable guard may be used as a herd guard during the day time or when grazing is practicable. 341 . The stable guard will be mounted with the post or camp guard, and when mounted will be armed with the carbine. Immediately after guard mounting the carbines will be returned to the racks in the troop quar- ters, and during the remainder of the tour (except in case of emergency) the stable guard will be armed with the pistol. 342. The commanding officer may authorize the sta- ble guard to be mounted under the supervision of the troop commander. 343 . The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or until properly relieved by the new guard. 344 . The employment of stable guards for police and fatigue duties at the stables is forbidden ; but this will not prohibit the stable guard from being required to as- sist in feeding grain before reveille. 345 . The stable guard will attend stables with the rest of the troop and groom their own horses, the senti- nels being taken off post for the purpose. They will wear 64 TROOP STABLE GUARD. stable frocks while grooming*, belt outside the frock ; after grooming they take off their stable frocks, and the sentinel is again posted. 346. Neither the non-commissioned officer nor the members of the stable guard will absent themselves from the immediate vicinity of the stables, except in case of urgent necessity, and then for no longer time than is ab- solutely necessary. No member of the guard will leave for anv purpose without the authority of the non-com- missioned officer of the guard. 347. The non-commissioned officer and one member of the guard will go for meals at the proper hour ; upon their return the other members of the guard will be di- rected to go by the non-commissioned officer. 348 . When the horses are herded, each troop will furnish its own herd guard, which will be under the ex- clusive order of the troop commander. (See Par. 30.) 349 . Smoking in stables or their immediate vicinity is prohibited. No fire nor light, other than the stable lanterns, will be permitted in the stables. 350 . Stable guard duty in the field will be performed upon the same principles, with the modifications rendered necessary by the change of conditions. Non-commissioned officer of the stable guard. 351 . The non-commissioned officer receives his orders from his troop commander, to whom he will report im- mediately after posting his first relief, and when relieved will turn over all his orders to his successor. He instructs his sentinels in their general and special duties; exercises general supervision over his entire guard; exacts order and cleanliness about the guardroom ; prevents the intro- duction of intoxicants into the guardhouse or stables; re- ceives, by count, from his predecessor, the animals, horse equipments, and all property (both private and public) pertaining thereto ; examines, before relieving his pred- TROOP STABLE GUARD. 65 ecessor, all locks, windows and doors, and should any be found insecure he will report the fact to his troop com- mander when he reports for orders. He will personally post and relieve each sentinel, taking’ care to verify the property responsibility of the sentinel who comes off post, and see that the sentinel who goes on post is aware of the property responsibility that he assumes. 352 . That the non-commissioned officer may be more thoroughly informed of .his responsibility, all horses re- turning, except those from a regular formation, will be reported to and inspected by him. He will then notify the sentinel on post, and see that the horses are promptly cared for. In case of abuse he will promptly report to the troop commander. Should the horse be the private property of an officer, he will report such abuse to the owner. 353. The non-commissioned officer will report any unusual occurrence during his tour direct to his troop commander. 354 . Horses and other property for which the non- commissioned officer is responsible will not be taken from the stables without the order of the post or troop com- mander, with the exceptions noted in paragraph 332. 355 . The non-commissioned officer will have exclu- sive control of the lanterns, and will see that they are prepared during the day for lighting at night. 356 . The lanterns will not be lighted, filled or trim- med in the stables, but must be taken to the guardroom, or to such other place as may be designated by the troop commander for the purpose. 357 . The non-commissioned officer must answer the sentinel’s calls promptly. 35 §• In case of fire, the non-commissioned officer will see that the requirements of Par. 365 are promptly car- ried out. 350 . Whenever it becomes necessary for the non- commsisioned officer to leave his guard he will designate 66 TROOP STABLE GUARD. a member of it to take charge, and assume his responsi- bility during his absence. Sentinel of Stable Guard. 360. The sentinel in the discharge of his duties will be governed by the regulations for sentinels of other guards whenever they are applicable; such as courtesies to officer, walking post in a soldierly manner, challeng- ing, etc. ; he will not turn out the guard except when or- dered by proper authority. 361. The sentinel will receive orders from the com- manding officer, the troop commander, and the non-com- missioned officers of the stable guard onl}-. 362. The sentinel will not permit any horse or equip- ments to be taken from the stables, except in the presence of the non-commissioned officer. 363. Should a horse get loose, the sentinel will catch him and tie him up. If lie be unable to catch the horse; the non-commissioned officer will at once be notified. In case a horse be cast or in any way entangled, he will re- lieve him if possible; if unable to relieve him he will call the non-commissioned officer. Sentinels are forbidden to punish or maltreat a horse. 364. When a horse is taken sick the sentinel will no- tify the non-commissioned officer, who in turn will call the farrier, and see that the horse is properly attended to. 365. In case of fire the sentinel will give the alarm by stopping outside the stable and firing his pistol or piece repeatedly, calling out at the same time “ Fire p stables , Troop ( — ).” As soon as the guard is alarmed, he will take the neces- sary precaution in opening or closing the doors so as to prevent the spreading of the fire and make it possible to remove the horses; he will drop the chains and bars, and with the other members of the guard, proceed to lead out the horses, and secure them at the picket line or such other place as may have been previously designated. POLICE AND FATIGUE DUTY, 67 BATTERY STABLE AND PARK GUARD. (See Lt. Arty. Drill Regs., 1023 and 1024, and 1155-1165.) 366 . The pieces, caissons, etc., with their ammuni- tion and stores, as well as the horses, harness and for- age, are under the charge of a stable and park guard, consisting of two non-commissioned officers and as many privates as may be necessary. 367 . This guard will be mounted separately for each battery and will be under the exclusive control of the battery commander. 368 . A lieutenant of the battery is detailed daily or for such period as the battery commander may direct, as battery officer of the day ; the stable and park guard is under his immediate orders and those of the battery commander. 369 . It is the duty of this guard to enforce the special regulations in regard to the stables, horses and park. 370 . The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or until properly relieved by a new guard. 371 . The sentinels of the stable and park guard will be posted and relieved as prescribed in Light Artillery Drill Regulations, Par. 1023. They wear the saber belt without saber when on post at the stable or picket line. They are forbidden to strike or otherwise punish horses. 372 . The sentinels over the horses, or in charge of prisoners, receive orders from the stable sergeant so far as the exercise of his duties are concerned. 373 . The guard, non-commissioned officers, and sen- tinels will perform their duties in accordance with the rules prescribed for the troop stable guard. POLICE AND FATIGUE DUTY. 374 . Police and fatigue duties may be placed under the supervision of an officer detailed for the purpose ; otherwise they are under the supervision of the officer of 68 FLAGS AND COLORS. the day. The officer of the day, or the officer detailed for the purpose, has general supervision, under the or- ders of the commanding officer, of all police and fatigue duties of the post or camp. Fatigue parties will be fur- nished him when the number of prisoners is insufficient for the necessary police purposes. 375 . In camp, general police duty is usually done by the old guard, under the direction of the officer of the day. The tour is for twenty-four hours beginning with fatigue call in the morning of the day following that on which the guard marches off. The camp having been policed, the old guard is dismissed. 376 . General police duty may, at the discretion of the commanding officer, be performed by fatigue par- ties, or by prisoners, if there be enough of the latter for the purpose. PROPERTY UNDER CHARGE OF THE GUARD. 377 . Articles needed for strictly post or police pur- poses, such as flags, spades, shovels, axes, hatchets, pickaxes and brooms, will be furnished by the post quartermaster, kept at the guardhouse and daily entered on the guard report and receipted for by the successive commanders of the guard, or officers of the day. 378 . Non-commissioned officers in command of guards do not receipt for such articles, but are held ac- countable to the officer of the day for their safe keeping and preservation from injury other than fair wear and tear in service. (See Par. 59.) 379 . In case of loss, destruction, or other disposition of any of these articles, the facts relating thereto will be entered on the guard report. FLAGS AND COLORS. 380 . The Garrison Flag (86 x 20 feet) is furnished only to posts designated from Headquarters of the Army, and will be hoisted only on holidays and important occasions. FLAGS AND COLORS. 69 The Post Flag (20 x 10 feet) is furnished to all posts garrisoned by troops, and will be hoisted only in pleas- ant weather. The Storm Flag (8 feet x 4 f eet 2 inches) is furnished to all occupied military posts, and will be hoisted in stormy weather. Colors and standards are carried by troops. Each regiment of artillery and infantry has two silken colors, the national and the regimental ; the battalion of engineers has two colors, the national and the battalion ; these are 6 feet 6 inches fly and 6 feet on the pike. Each mounted regiment has a. silken standard ; this is 4 feet fly and 3 feet on the lance. 381 . It is the duty of the commander of the guard to see that the proper flag is hoisted. In case of storm, either of wind or rain, he will see that the storm flag is promptly raised. 382 . The flag should be hoisted at reveille and low- ered at retreat. The national flag will always be displayed at the time of firing salutes. (A. R. 442, 1889.) 383 . Under no circumstances will the flag of a mili- tary post be dipped by way of salute or compliment. (A. R. 456, 1889.) 384 . On the death of an officer at a military post, the flag is displayed at half-staff, and kept so, between the hours of reveille and retreat, until the last salvo or volley is fired over the grave ; or, if the remains are not interred at the post, until they are removed therefrom. (A. R. 470, 1889.) 385 . During the funeral of an enlisted man, the flag is displayed at half-staff. It is hoisted to the top after the final volley or gun is fired, or after the remains are taken from the post. (A. R. 471, 1889.) 380 . All military posts in sight or within six miles of each other, display their flags at half-staff upon the occa- sion of either one doing so. The same rule is observed toward vessels of war. (A. R. 472, 1889.) 70 REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN. 387 . When the flag is displayed at half-staff, it is low- ered to that position from the top of the staff. It is after- ward hoisted to the top before it is finally lowered. (A. R. 473, 1889.) 388 . The sentinel at the guardhouse, or the sentinel nearest the flag-staff, will report at once to the corporal of the guard any danger to the flag, from loosened hal- yards, or from entanglement with either halyards or staff. 389 . When practicable, a detail consisting of a non- commissioned officer and two privates of the guard will raise or lower the flag'. This detail is formed in line, with side arms, or if the special equipments do not include side arms, then with belts only, the non commissioned officer carrying the flag, in the center, and is marched to the staff. The flag is then securely attached to the hal- yards, and if at reveille, is rapidly hoisted at the sound- ing of the first note of the reveille, or of the first note of the march, if a march be played before the reveille. The halyards are then securely fastened to the cleat on the staff. The flag should always be hoisted or lowered from the leeward side of the staff, and the halyards should be held by two persons. 390 . When the flag is to be lowered, the halyards are loosened from the staff and made perfectly free. At re- treat the flag is lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat. It is then neatly folded, and the halyards are made fast. The detail is then re-formed and marched to the guardhouse, where the flag is turned over to the commander of the guard. REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN. 391 . The morning and evening' gun will be fired by a detachment of the guard, consisting, when practicable, of a corporal and two privates. REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN, 71 The morning gun is fired at the first note of reveille, or, if inarches be played before reveille, it is fired at the commencement of the first march. The retreat gun is fired at the last note of retreat. The corporal marches the detachment to and from the piece, and the piece is fired, sponged out, and secured under his direction. INDEX, Pars. Adjutant, etc., part of guard 322 Alarm, by sentinel .218, 365 duties of officer of the day 53 fire at stables 334, 358, 365 Alarms 53, 69, 70, 218 Answers to sentinel’s chal- lenge 324 Arrest of disorderly or sus- picious characters 94 of enlisted man to be re- ported to commander . 279 Arrests by corporal or senti- nels 121,175,176,209,237 reported by sergeant of the guard 121 Articles conveyed to prison- ers ' 130 Articles of war relating to prisoners 274 Articles under charge of the guard 377-379 Assignments to reliefs and posts 138, 141 Authority for confinement of prisoners 281 to pass sentinels’ posts . . 47 Battery, stable and park guard 12, 366-373 Bayonets of guard 104, 106,327 Calls 87 list of 42 Cavalry sentinel, challeng- ing, etc 207 salute by 242 Ceremonies, parading guard . 318 Challenging, by corporal . . . 169 by sentinel 207, 215, 216 hours to begin 42 Charges against men confined 280 Civilians, confinement of . .276, 277 Classes of prisoners, how sep- arated 287 Pars. Classification of duties per- formed by roster 3 Clothing, etc., of men on guard 91 Color line and sentinels. 42, 265-272 Colors, salutes to 245, 254 taken from stacks 119 Commander of the guard . 16, 62-108 general duties 62-66 leaving post 66,67 may divide the night with next in command 68 responsibility 65 Commanding officer, duties of 42-48 Compliments from guards, 76 80, 252-260 from guards, how de- clined 314 from sentinels 242-251 not paid by guards after retreat 260 to civil officers, etc 259 Confinement of enlisted men reported to commander 279 of non-commissioned offi- cers 278, 279 solitary, and on bread and water diet 286 Corporal of the guard 138-176 advancing parties, etc. . 172 answering sentinel’s call . 159, 161,162 at guardhouse 157-159 challenging 169 duties with reference to sentinels 155, 156 general duties 138 140 marching relief. . .77, 144, 168, 169, 174 of relief on post 155-176 reports violation of regu- lations.... 160 74 INDEX. Pars. saluting officers!^ 174 to call his own relief. . .166, 167 to wake successor 165 turning out the guard . . 170, 171 Countersign and parade 303-312 Countersign communicated by commander and corporal of the guard 89, 163 if not used 229 sentinel not to divulge . . 217 to whom given 305 use of, determined 48 Data for details 35, 38-41 Detached posts 46, 104 Detachments, how prepared for duty 13 to consist of entire or- ganizations 15 Detail by organization 14, 15 of company for guard. . . 15 of officer of the day 20, 21 of officer of the guard ... 20, 22 Details by roster 2, 4, 9 from troops, etc., fur- nishing stable guards . 29 made at headquarters of post, etc 18 made, published and post- ed by first sergeants. . . 35, 36 proportioned to" strength 28 Dismissing guard 106,127 old relief 149,153,154 Division of guard into reliefs 104 Drills, prisoners attending. . 287 Duties of absentee, by whom taken 7 Duties performed by roster, how classified 3 when credited 8 Enlisted men bringing food for prisoners 291 Equipment, etc., of soldiers detailed 11 Escape, prisoner attempting. 297 Escort for inspecting officer.315, 316 Exemption of old guard from duties 26 Fatigue and police duty 374-376 Pars. Field officer of the day 21 Field officers, detail of by roster 5 Fire or disorder 218, 238 Fires, lights, etc., at stable. 332, 334, 349, 358, 365 First sergeants make and publish details, how 35, 36 First sergeant’s roster 37 Flag, detail for hoisting, etc. 90 Flags and colors 380-390 Food for prisoners 290 Formation of guard. 72, 73-75, 122, 123 General officers, personal guards 258 General orders for sentinels .202, 203 Guard and prisoners on march 329, 330 Guard, at station of more than one regiment 18 composition, etc 16,42 < detailed at every post, etc. 16, 17 , during ceremonies 318 < forms under arms 72 , house, non-commission- ed officer at. 71, 114, 115, 181, 157, 159 . house, no one to enter. .. 158 mounting, modified no compliments after re- 43 * 5 treat 260 of different arms 104 on reaching camp 330 ; patrols 300-302 presents arms 252, 254-258 ’ relieved every twenty- four hours 25, 42 ; report 60,61,92 l tents, position of 42 ; turned out after retreat . . 319 1 turns out for armed par- l ties 255 t turns out for colors 254 1 turns out for whom ..... 252 } Herd guard 30, 340,348 Horses, etc., taken from stable 354 returned to stable 333 352 INDEX. 75 Pars. Hours, calling of 164, 230, 231 Inspecting sentinels 325 Inspection of guard. .73, 81, 82, 321 "of guard room, etc 95 of meals for prisoners. . .98, 130 of reliefs, patrols, etc . . . 83 of sentinels, etc 85 who make visits of 318 Instructions to sentinels re- ported 317 Interval between tours of guard, privates 27 Keys of guardroom and cells.129,131 Lanterns in stable 356 Light batteries, exemption of officers and men from details 12 Lists of guard 112 reliefs 142 Meals for prisoners, inspec- tion of 130 officer of the guard 66 prisoners 98, 290, 292 Miscellaneous 313-330 Morning and evening gun . . . 391 Musicians of the guard. . . 177-181 Names of officers, etc., how entered on rosters .... 5 Navy and Army, relative rank 253 “ Never mind the guard ”... 314 Night orders 219-231,239-241 “ Nights in bed ” 27 Non-commissioned officers, arrest or confinement of . . . 278 commanding guard 75, 78, 109, 122 guard 18 stable guard 351-359 , Number and distribution of I sentinels 44, 45 Number of men detailed from each company 40, 41 j Officer of the day . . 15, 18, 21, 49-61 at guard mounting 56 at inspections and mus- ters 55 in case of alarm 53 inspects guard apd senti- nels 59 Pars. Officer of the day— Continued, prescribes visit of inspec- tion 51 remarks on guard report 60 reporting for orders 42, 61 subject to whose orders. 54 tour of duty 49 Officer or non-commissioned officers to be present at guard house 71 Officers entitled to compli- ments whether in uniform or not 249 exempt from guard duty 23 of different rank, how advanced 173 of guard 15, 18, 22 remaining on or near sen- tinel’s post 250 “ Old guard privileges ” 26 Old guard turns out for new . 256 Open chambers 82 Orderlies 104 Orderly for commanding offi- cer, etc 182-192 Order of duties by roster ... 6, 10 rank of persons advanced by sentinel 226 Orders in case of fire or dis- order 218 publication of court-mar- tial 282,283 sentinels except at post of guard 218-231 sentinels at post of guard 232-241 sentinels on post 201-217 sentinels on post, spe- cial 261-264 sentinels posted , where . . 86 to corporal of the guard . 139 to men employed at sta- bles 336 transmitted by com- mander of old guard . . 105 transmitted by old to new officer of the day . 56 transmitted by sentinels. 146, 155 6 76 INDEX, Pars. Park and stable guards of light batteries 12, 366-373 Parole and countersign, how furnished E2 Paroles and countersigns. . .-303-312 Passes 92,120 Passing persons out of camp 93 Patrols 300-302 Personal guard of general officers 258 Persons apprehended in In- dian country 275 Police and fatigue duty 374-376 Policing guardhouse, etc. . .116, 117 Posting of sentinels’ orders . 86 reliefs 143-148,150-152 reliefs in detachments. . . 136 Post of sentinel, limits, etc., of 262 Post or camp guard 16, 17, 28 Precedence of duty by roster. 6, 10 Prisoners 274 296 attempting to escape. . .297, 299 at work 298 authority for confine- ment of 281 awaiting trial, etc 287 civilians, etc., how ra- tioned 277 confinement of 93 custody of 128 food for 290 in irons 95 leaving guardhouse 293 meals inspected 98, 130 not to salute 296 on being received 93 on march 329 paraded for sentence . 282 paraded with guard.131-134, 295 property of 288 received from old guard . 101 release of 58, 99 required to bathe, etc . . . 289 searched 93 security of 100 separation of classes 287 sick . . 294 Pars. Prisoners— Continued. statement of offence 280 under sentinels 297 verification of 57, 135 working hours for 292 Privates of the guard 193-200 Property, guardhouse. 50, 105, 111, 377-379 of prisoners 288 Publication of court-martial orders 282,283 details of officers of the day and guard 24 Questioning sentinels 325 Rank, Army and Navy offi- cers 253 Receipting for property at guardhouse 59, 105, 377, 378 Receiving prisoners from old guard 101 Record for guard details kept by sergeant-major 38, 39 Release of prisoners at guard mounting 58, 99 Relief called 165-167 “ Relief ” for sentinel 211 Reliefs, assignment of cor- porals and privates . .138, 141, 197 dismissing 149, 153, 154 division of guard into. . . 104 lists of 142 posting of 143-148, 150 152 posted in detachments. . . 136 Relieving detachments of guard 107 sentinels 84, 105, 214 Remarks on guard report ... 42, 60 Removing clothing, etc., while on guard 91 Respect toward sentinels 313 Reveille and retreat gun 391 “ Reveille till retreat ” de- fined 320 Reporting guard 73-75 Report of commander of the guard 60, 61, 92 Report of sergeant of the guard 124 INDEX, 77 Pars. .Responsibility for prisoners. 100, 128 property under charge of guard. . . .59, 105, 111, 377-379 Retreat, no compliments by guard after 260 Roll call of guard 125, 126 Rosters 1-41 by whom kept 19 Rule for sentinel’s salute 245 Salute by commander of armed party 323 by corporal 174 from guard 102, 103 individual. 243 of line of sentinels 243 of sentinel 242, 245 on approach of troops .246, 247 simultaneous 243 to colors 328 Saluting distance : 244 Sentences of prisoners, exe- cution of 96 Sentence to confinement com- mences 284, 285 Sentinel advancing persons at night 222-226 after recognizing an offi- cer at night 228 arrests by 209 assigned to post ... 141 at guardhouse 232-241 before permitting persons to pass ‘ 221 calling corporal 212 calling for relief 211 calling the hours 230, 231 compliments from 242-251 how relieved 214 identifying persons 221 in case of fire or dis- order 218,238 if prisoner attemps to es- cape 297 in communication with officer 251 in sentry box 205 not to allow himself to be surprised 227 Pars. Sentinel— Continued . not to quit his piece . . . .208, 326 of stable guard 340,360-365 on approach of any party 246, 247 on approach of armed party of guard 246 on approach of officer, etc., of guard 248 on approach of persons at night 222-224 over prisoners at work .297-299 permitting persons or party to approach 219, 222 position of rifle 204 reports occurrences .... 210 returning prisoners to guardhouse 299 Sentinel’s challenge 215, 216 Sentinels, distribution of 44 instructions to reported. 317 number and location 42, 45 over working parties 97 taking post 145-147 to be relieved every two hours 84 transmit orders 213 turning out the guard. .232-236 walk post, how 204 when allowed to stand on post 206 when countersign is not used 229 when officers remain on or near post 250 while calling, etc 207 will not divulge counter- sign 217 Sentry boxes 205 Sergeant-majors’ record for guard details . 38, 39 Sergeant of the guard 109-137 at 1st sergeants’ call 118 general duties 109, 110, 113 leaving guardhouse 114 reports arrests, etc 121 Sergeants assigned to reliefs 137 Sickness of member of guard 88 78 INDEX. Pars. Signals, use of in addition to countersign, etc 311, 312 Solitary confinemnt, etc 288 Sounding calls 87 Special orders for color sen- tinels 272 of sentinels 261-264 relatiug to prisoners for sentinel at guardhouse 298 Stable and park guard, bat- tery 12, 368-373 Stable duty in the field 350 Stable guard, credit for, on guard roster 29 members going to meals 347 control of 339 how mounted, etc 341, 342 stable duty of 344, 345 to remain at stable 346 troop 338-365 use of for police, etc 344 when to be used 338 Stable sergeant and stable orderly .31, 331-337 o Pars. Stables, how guarded 331, 340 Stacking arms, with bayo- nets 327 Standards, salutes to ; 245, 254 Statement of offense 280 Supernumeraries . 32, 33, 34, 273, 322 Supernumerary officer of the guard 22, 108 Supervision of corporals. . .113, 115 Suspicious characters, arrest of 94 Tour of guard, stable 343 Transmission of orders by commander of the guard . . 105 by old officer of the day 56 by sentinels. . .146, 155, 212, 214 Troop stable guard 338-365 Uniform and equipment of guard 42 Verification of prisoners 57, 135 Visits of inspection pre- scribed by officer of the day 51 Working hours of prisoners. 292 THE BEST SHORT, COMPREHENSIVE ACCOUNT OF THE National Guard IS FOUND IN THE CRITICAL ACCOUNT BY COL. T. A. DODGE, U. S. A , WHICH IS INCLUDED IN The United States of ★ A merica, ★ EDITED BY NATHANIEL S. SHALER, S. D., PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. In two volumes, royal 8vo. With Maps, and 150 full=page Illustrations. 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