I oU 387 • • '^/ v ' ' || January, 1917 Extension Circular No. 5 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Extension Service in Agriculture and Home Economics IN COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE W. F. HANDSCHIN, VICE-DIRECTOR ORGANIZATION AND DIRECTION OF BOYS’ AND GIRLS’ CLUBS Prepared by the Junior Extension Service URBANA, ILLINOIS CONTENTS PAGE Foreword. 3 Introduction . 4 Purpose of Club Work. 5 Steps in Organizing a Local Club. 5 The Club Projects. 6 General Individual Requirements. 6 General Club Requirements. 7 Corn Club . 7 Pig Club . 9 Poultry Club . 11 Garden and Canning Club. 12 Potato Club . 14 Garment-Making Club. 15 Dairy Club . 16 The Club Signboard. 17 Correlation with School Work. 17 Awards . 18 Organizing a County for Club Work. 21 Aims of Club Work. 21 Agencies Involved . f . 21 Division of Labor. 22 Organization. 23 Programs for Club Meetings. 24 General . 24 Corn Club . 25 Pig Club . 26 Poultry Club . 27 Potato Club . 28 Dairy Club .'. 29 Garden Club . 31 Canning Club . 32 Garment-Making Club. 34 Suggestions for Club Day in Summer. 36 Club Contests . 37 Corn Stringing . 37 Canning Club Contest. 38 The Club Library. 39 Package Libraries . 40 A Model Constitution with Suggestions for Parliamentary Procedure. 41 TO CLUB WORKERS Country School Directors, Teachers, and Pupils: Farm crops and farm animals cannot improve themselves. The farmer, thru new methods of selection and planting and of breeding improves the farm crops and the farm animals; but how shall the farmers themselves be improved ? This must be done thru the better organization and education of the farmers and their children. We do not expect the horses and cattle on the farm to meet together and discuss the question as to how they shall improve them¬ selves and be better horses and cattle next year than they were before. We do not expect the horses, cows, and pigs to hold conven¬ tions and form clubs in order to discuss how to produce a better breed of cattle, horses, and pigs. We do expect, however, that farmers and their children shall meet together and discuss, not only how to raise better crops and better stock, but how to improve the farm as a place to live and how to improve the farmer. Why should not the farmers of the community meet often to counsel together over the betterment of country life? Why should they not meet often and consult together as to better methods of making the farm produce more in the way of an investment and be more desirable in the way of a place to live? Such meetings, such counseling together, would surely result in better community organ¬ izations. It would result not only in organizations of the men and women of the rural communities, but in organizations of the boys and girls for self improvement. These boys’ and girls’ organizations usually take the name of clubs. They may be literary clubs, social clubs, or clubs for the study and promotion of certain lines of farm work. If we hope to make farm life a more interesting and more worth while thing for the boys and girls, we must create for them interesting and worth while lines of work and amusement in farm communities. The organization of groups of young people for study and mutual benefit is one of the very best ways for accomplishing this end. These boys’ clubs and girls’ clubs will not organize themselves or maintain themselves. There must be leaders who know how to work with the young people in these organizations, keeping themselves as far as possible in the background. Yours sincerely, Francis G. Blair State Superintendent of Public Instruction 3 INTRODUCTION This circular is designed to assist those desirous of organizing club work in agriculture and home economics for boys and girls. The value and permanence of such work will be largely determined by the kind of organization. Too much organization machinery is as bad, if not worse than too little. Club work will not run itself , but a well-laid plan undertaken by a group of enthusiastic club members will take less supervision than a half-hearted, half-planned effort. It is unfair to a group of young people to organize a club and then permit it to fail on account of lack of proper organization. Club work is not a one-man job . The community thru its various organization should have a part in it. Organized club Avork offers an opportunity for all of these agencies to intelligently help boys and girls and to advance the cause of better agriculture and better homes. There is a place for club work in some cities, towns, and villages as well as in the open country. Club work is educational and as such correlates with academic school work, provides a rational basis for school credit for home work in agriculture and home economics, and finds a place in the out-of-school activities of the school organization. The county or city superin¬ tendent of schools is the educational leader of his community and as such is the logical club leader in his territory. The county agricul¬ tural adviser, officers of the Illinois Farmers’ Institute and of its Household Science Department, as well as representatives of com¬ mercial clubs, high-school teachers of agriculture, and home economics, rural, and city teachers, should serve on committees and act as local leaders. Parents and patrons of schools should likewise have a part. Many of the officials and agencies referred to are anxious to undertake club work but are not advised as to the best method of procedure. There is no best way and each community must originate its own plan. The following pages contain suggestions for making such a plan, and these suggestions are based upon the experience of club leaders in this and other states. In order to make use of material from the Junior Extension Service, which must be uniform, it is necessary that all clubs comply with certain minimum requirements. For further information and help with club work, address your county or city superintendent, local school officials, county agricultural ad¬ viser, county club leader or— James H. Greene State Leader in Junior Extension College of Agriculture Urbana, Illinois THE ORGANIZATION OF BOYS’ AND GIRLS’ CLUBS PURPOSE OF CLUB WORK The success of any undertaking depends, ultimately, upon the merit of its purpose and how well it fulfils that purpose. Club work, as has been stated, is educational, and educational in the broadest sense of the term. Thru its social, economic, and literary phases, it provides a useful agency for utilizing the out-of-school activities of young people for educational purposes. It aims to provide manly and womanly jobs for boys and girls and to “pull the stingers out of common toil.” For the boy or girl who has never enjoyed the feeling of sole responsibility, it provides an opportunity for doing a real job, “all by himself.” It capitalizes and turns to good account the “gang spirit” present, tho latent, in rural as well as city boys. Likewise club work makes household duties interesting and helps mother to become an * ‘ elder sister. ’ ’ Club work furnishes the ‘ ‘ real life ’ ’ conditions for supplementing school work in agriculture and home economics and provides a rational basis for school credit for home work. It furnishes a concrete tie between the home and the school by providing common ground for parent and teacher. Club work builds for the future. From its ranks will be recruited the rural life leaders of tomorrow. STEPS IN ORGANIZING A LOCAL CLUB 1 When the local teacher or some other person concludes that club work would be a good thing for the community, the following steps are usually necessary to bring about an organization : 1. Write to State Leader in Junior Extension. 2. Find out if there are any other clubs in the county. 3. Hold a community meeting and have club work presented so that public sentiment will be created for it. 4. Determine the nature of the projects which would work best in the community. 5. Have children consult with their parents before enrolling. 6. Enroll club members and elect officers. 7. Send for bulletins and report blanks. 8. Adopt a constitution for the club. 9. Secure local leadership. 10. Hold regular meetings. *Credit is due Mr. E. C. Lindemann, State Club Leader of Michigan, for the material under this heading. 5 6 If there are already some clubs in the county, the first step will be to get in touch with the county leader of these clubs. This person will then assist you in organizing your club. When there are no clubs in the county, it is best to secure the services of the State Leader, who will come to the county and assist the county leader in getting clubs started in the strategic points about the county. In most cases it is best to have the girls’ club separated from the boys’ club as far as the project work is concerned. For example, one school may have two clubs; one to be called ‘ ‘ The Kaneville Garment¬ making Club,” and the other “The Kaneville Com Club.” Or, the club may be organized under one head and be called ‘ * The Kaneville Agricultural and Home Economics Club,” with sections devoted to the study of the separate projects. Occasionally the boys and the girls will meet together for social and recreational purposes. It is advisable wherever possible to have all of the girls in a single club carry out the same project and to have all of the boys in a single club carry out a single project. This makes it possible to furnish the necessary instructions with greater efficiency, makes the work of the leader less difficult, and offers a better basis for competi¬ tion at the local exhibits and fairs. THE CLUB PROJECTS Club work is not a contest altho it may have contest features. The best club work has an all-the-year-round program with three phases of activity: (a) the project, (b) the literary, as exemplified in the club meetings, and (c) the social, as exemplified in meetings, play festivals, and contests. The club work is built around the project, however. By a project is meant an organized plan for carrying on some farm or home enter¬ prise. Each club member works on an individual project. The best club work will be done when all members of the same club carry on the same kind of project. The choice of project will be determined by local conditions. Enrollment in clubs is open to residents of the state of Illinois between the ages of ten and eighteen years. For purposes of competition and when the membership is large enough to justify a division, it is suggested that two groups be made on the following basis: Class A, 10 to 14 years inclusive; Class B, 15 to 18 years inclusive. GENERAL INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS Each club member should agree to do the following things: 1. Fill out an enrollment card. When a club member enrolls he becomes a member of the local, state, and national club. 2. Attend all meetings, if possible. 3. Keep accurate records of all work performed and hours of labor, receipts and expenditures, and follow such instructions as are given by club leaders, / 4. Make an exhibit of products at a time and place designated by the club leader. 5. Fill out and mail all reports requested during the completion of the project, and complete and file with the club leader a final report. GENERAL CLUB REQUIREMENTS 1. Each club must consist of at least five members and have a club leader approved by the county leader. Each leader is to have an advisory committee of at least three adults to assist with the club work. Where there is no county organization, local clubs will be under the direction of the State Club Leader. 1 2. Each club should have a constitution, a, corps of officers, and arrange a series of regular program meetings to be held at least once a month. 2 3. An exhibit of products and a public demonstration of some operation relating to the project should be arranged. Most projects provide material for some work during the entire year. The following detailed description of each project contains the outline of a year’s work which may be supplemented and varied to suit the needs of the community. In order to be eligible for state and national affiliation and par¬ ticipation in state club activities, a club must meet the general club requirements and the minimum requirements in the several projects. CORN CLUB Minimum Requirements— Class A Age: 10 to 14 inclusive Acreage: * *4 acre Work required: All work, except plowing and similar heavy work, to be done by club mem¬ ber. Class B 15 to 18 inclusive 1 acre All work to be done by club member. Enrollment will open September 1 and close May 1. Work must be completed and final reports filed by December 1. Suggestions to Leaders The club plat should be measured by two disinterested witnesses. It should be rectangular in shape, all in one piece, and should contain ^hile it is hoped that each member will belong to a local club, where no local club can be organized, individual enrollments in the state club are permitted. *Each club is encouraged to send thru its secretary a monthly report of its meetings and activities to the State Leader in Junior Extension. The best of these will be published in the college publications and farm press. 8 4,840 square rods. Corn should not be planted within eighteen inches of each of the four sides of the plat. If possible, it should be separated from other com. If it is necessary to place it in a corner of a corn¬ field, a check row of soybeans or cowpeas should be used to mark the boundary of the acre. A School on Every Farm There are two ways of ascertaining the yield. One is to have the corn husked and weighed in the presence of the two disinterested witnesses who measure the acre. The other way is to have each mem¬ ber of the club number his rows 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. He selects his seed from rows 1, 2, 3, and 4 before frost. How number 5 is husked out on a fair day by each club member working independently. This should be done when the corn is mature and dry, and the day should be appointed by the club leader. Each member determines the yield from the acre by the yields of the rows numbered 5, and reports this to the club leader. Each member should follow the directions given in the ‘‘Com Club Report” for determining the yield of shelled corn, and all reported yields should be made on this basis. The club leader will then appoint a day on which the members with the five or six highest yields will meet and together husk out rows numbered 6 on each of their respective plats. In this way every 9 member who is in the highest group is given an opportunity to verify the winner’s report. All members who are eligible for awards or other recognition and all others who so desire should send to the club leader a sample of corn for a moisture test. For this purpose, one quart of shelled corn should be taken on the day of the final husking and placed in a fruit jar and sealed. In determining the relative merit of club members, the following basis of award is recommended. From an educational standpoint it is much better to make awards on such a basis than on the basis of an exhibit or yield alone. Yield .. 30 Cost per bushel . 30 Records and story . 20 Exhibit of ten ears of corn. 20 Total . 100 The following calendar for a year relates both to subject matter for monthly meetings and to seasonable work in connection with the project. September— October— November— December— January— February— March— and April May— June— July— August— Corn Club Calendar Organization. Field selection of seed corn. Storing seed corn. Fall plowing. Club exhibit. Judging of corn. Storage and markets. Corn soils. Permanent systems of agri¬ culture. Making the signboard. 1 Corn soils. Rotation and legumes. Testing and grading seed corn. Making the tester. Preparation of the seed bed. Measuring the club plat. Corn planting. Insect enemies and diseases of corn. Cultivation. Club picnic and field day. Study of the stand. PIG CLUB Minimum requirements— Class A Class B Age: 10 to 14 inclusive 15 to 18 inclusive No. of animals: 1 2 Work required: All feeding and record keeping. Enrollment opens October 1 and closes June 1. x See page 17. 10 The following rules governing the State Pig Club Show are taken from the circular entitled “Boys’ and Girls’ Pig Clubs,” issued by the College of Agriculture, and should be followed by local clubs in order that members may be eligible to show animals at the State Show. 1. Each member must secure one or more pigs before June 1, to be fed, cared for, and exhibited by him. 2. He must keep accurate records and report on the kind of pig or pigs, the feeds, weights, gains, and methods of handling. 3. The record at the beginning of the feeding period shall include the age, sex, breed or markings, and the weight of the pig. When a litter is raised, the total number farrowed and the weight of each pig at the beginning of the feeding must be given. This record should be reported to the State Leader in Junior Extension on or before July 1. 4. A complete record of all feeds eaten, as well as the amount and kind or pasture used, must be kept and reported at the call of the State Leader in Junior Extension. 5. All pigs for the club contest must have been farrowed after March 1. 6. All entries to the State Pig Club Show should be sent to the State Leader in Junior Extension by September 1. No entry or pen fee will be charged, and an admission ticket will be furnished each contestant. 7. Awards will be made on the following basis: The best hog with respect to the purpose it is to serve 40 The greatest average daily gains on the pig. 20 The lowest cost of production. 20 Best kept records and reports.'.. . 20 Total..100 8. All feeds and pasture will be valued at prices furnished. 9. The final report, including the entire record since the feeding began, must be completed on September 1, and be in the hands of the State Leader in Junior Extension on or before September 8. 10. The following dates must be kept in mind: March 1—Day on or after which pigs must be farrowed. June 1—Last day on which feeding may be commenced. July 1—First report on pigs due. August 1—Second report on pigs due. September 1 —Third report on pigs due. September 1—Last day for making entries to the State Club Show. September 8—Last day for submitting final report. Pig Club Calendar October— Organization of club. Types of Swine —lard and bacon. Origin, Novembei development, and history of the breeds of swine; characteristics December of each breed. 11 January— February March April May— June July August— September Care and Management. Care of brood sow; care at farrowing time. Hog houses and sanitation. Care of young pigs; selec¬ tion of club pigs. Study of club records. Feeds and Feeding. Study of available feeds. Use of forage crops and self-feeder. Balancing the ration. Monthly feeding records. Study of costs and gains on different rations. Judging Hogs. Study of the score card. Comparative judging. Fitting for the show. Making out the final reports. Local and state shows. During July or August a club picnic or field day should be ar¬ ranged, perhaps in conjunction with other clubs. A judging contest and perhaps a local pig show may be arranged at this time. POULTRY CLUB Minimum Requirements: First Year’s Work— Class A Class B 10 to 14 inclusive 15 to 18 inclusive Setting 30 eggs on or after March 15. Hatching by natural method to be completed by May 15. Records of hatching and weights of chicks. Enrollment opens January 1 and closes May 1. Work must be completed and final reports filed with the club leader before January 1 of the year following. Age: Work required: The following calendar for a year relates both to subject matter for club meetings and to work in connection with the club project. Poultry Club Calendar January— Organization of club. Selection of breeds, description of breeds and their adaptation to Illinois conditions. February— Selection of breeding stock with special reference to constitu¬ tional vigor. March— Making up of breeding pen, number of females to male. Mak¬ ing of combination brooder and coop. April— Selection and care of eggs for hatching. Making the nest. Care of broody hen. May— Care of the little chicks for the first three weeks after hatching. June— Care and feeding of growing chicks, either on farm range or in small yards. July— Raising, feeding, and marketing the broilers. August— Capons and caponizing. September— Fitting the young stock for the fall exhibit. Showing the stock. October— Planning the poultry house for laying and breeding stock. 12 November— Selecting and housing the laying and breeding stock for next year. Fattening the market stock. Making out the final re¬ ports. December— Dressing and marketing poultry products. Poultry sanitation. During July a club picnic or field day should be arranged. This may be undertaken in conjunction with other clubs in the vicinity. The following basis of award may be used to determine the rela¬ tive merit of club members: Birds alive at end of competition. 20 Exhibit of flock—market value, etc. 20 Plan of poultry house with lumber bill or cardboard model. 15 Pounds gain produced per bird. 25 Story, “How I Raised My Poultry ’’ . 20 Total.100 A Young Business Woman GARDEN AND CANNING CLUB Minimum Requirements- Class A Class B Age: 10 to 14 inclusive 15 to 18 inclusive Garden: Size of garden in both classes to be determined locally, varying from 1 to 16 square rods. Canning: All work in connection All work in connection with canning 10 quarts of with canning 20 quarts three varieties of fruits, of five varieties of fruits, vegetables, or both. vegetables, or both. Note. —While it is highly desirable that both the garden and the canning parts of this project be undertaken, one or the other may be omitted, if so desired. i3 Enrollment opens September 1 and closes June 1. Work must be completed and final reports filed before December 1. The following year’s program relates both to subject matter for meetings and to work in connection with the project. Garden Club Calendar September— Harvesting and storing. Canning. October— Organization. Measuring of plot. Destruction of weeds Saving of soil for hotbed. November— Exhibit of canned and stored products. Study of fertilizers and rotation. December— Making the signboard. 1 Study of classes of vegetables, kinds of vegetables in classes. January— Making plan of garden. February— Study of when, where and how to plant. Study of catalogs. Testing seeds. Study of percent of germination. Growing seeds and study of seedlings. March— Making a hotbed. Care of hotbed, ventilation, and watering. Shifting seedlings. April— May Preparation of seed bed. Application of fertilizers. Plowing. Transplanting. June— July August Care of garden, hoeing, thinning, cultivation. Insect enemies and spraying. Marketing. A club picnic or field day should be arranged for some day in July. All of the clubs in a county may unite in this. March— April— June— July— August— Canning Club Calendar Canning demonstration by club leader or extension worker. Methods of food preservation. What causes food to spoil: (a) molds, (b) yeasts, (c) bacteria. Object of canning. Methods of canning. (NR series of U. S. Dept, of Agr. canning bulletins.) Advantages of cold-pack method. Construct a home-made canner. Canning of early vegetables and fruits and use in diet. Examples: spring greens, asparagus, rhubarb. Canning of vegetables and fruits. Examples: peas, early string beans, strawberries, cherries. Advantages of canning fruits and vegetables at proper stage of maturity and as soon after picking as possible. Canning of vegetables and fruits. Examples: wax beans, rasp¬ berries, currants, blueberries, blackberries, gooseberries. Club picnic or play festival. Study of reports. Cost of canning different products and comparison with prices of commercial products. Canning of vegetables and fruits. Examples: green corn, tomatoes, peaches, apricots, plums, apples. ^ee page 17. 14 September— October— November— Preparation for exhibit. Study of containers, local markets. Public canning demonstration or contest. Canning of vegetables and fruits. Examples: young carrots, beets, corn, tomatoes, grapes, peaches, pears, apples. Study of other methods of food preservation. Storage. Use of canned products. Uses of fruits and green vegetables in the diet. Final reports and stories. The following bases of award are suggested for determining the relative merit of club members: Canning Work Quantity and variety of products (as shown in report) 30 Cost of production. 30 Exhibit of 3 or 5 varieties (quality and appearance). 20 Records and story. 20 Total.100 Garden Work Cost of production. 30 Exhibit of 1 to 5 varieties. 40 Records and story. 30 Total.100 POTATO CLUB Minimum Requirements— Class A Class B Age: 10 to 14 inclusive 15 to 18 inclusive Acreage: 1/16 acre % acre Other requirements: Same as Corn Club Same as Corn Club Enrollment opens September 1 and closes June 1. Work must be completed and final reports filed before December 1. The following suggestions are offered for the club program: August— or September October— November— December— January— Potato Club Calendar Harvest and store the late potatoes. Organization. Plow the field. Do not harrow. Exhibit the product. Final reports and stories. Study potato culture. Choose variety to be grown. If possible, import seed from the North. Choose seed. 15 March— (Depending on locality.) Sprout seed. Harrow field for early April and late potatoes. Test seed with formalin. Plant. Cultivate May and hoe. Spray for bugs when they appear. June— Cultivate. Spray for bugs. July— “Lay by” the late potatoes. Harvest the early crop. Select hills from which to get seed for coming year. 1 August— Harvest late crop. The same provisions for a July picnic or field day suggested for other clubs should be made. In determining the relative merit of contestants, the following basis of award is recommended: Yield. 30 Cost per bushel. 30 Exhibit of potatoes . 20 Story and records . 20 Total.100 GARMENT-MAKING CLUB Minimum Requirements— Class A Class B Age: Work required: 10 to 14 inclusive Sewing apron (hand sew¬ ing). Patching: overhand, hemmed. Darning: cloth, stocking. Garments (either machine or hand sewing: (1) Nightgown (drafted pattern). (2) Petticoat (commer¬ cial pattern). (3) One piece cotton dress or ‘ ‘middy” (commercial pattern). All work to be done by club member. 15 to 18 inclusive Sewing apron (hand sew- ing). Patching: overhand, hemmed. Darning: cloth, stocking. Garments (either machine or hand sewing): (1) Nightgown (drafted pattern). (2) Corset cover or com¬ bination suit (com- merial pattern). (3) Cotton dress or ‘ ‘ middy ’ 1 (commer¬ cial pattern). All work to be done by club member. Enrollment opens September 1 and closes February 1. Work must be completed and final reports filed before May 1. Garment-Making Club Calendar September— Sewing apron. October— Nightgown (drafted pattern). Patching: overhand, hemmed. November ^ee U. S. Dept, of Agr. Potato Club circular. 16 December—• January February— March Class A: Petticoat (commercial pattern). Class B: Corset cover or combination (commercial pattern). Both classes: Darning—cloth, stocking. Class A: One piece cotton dress or 11 middy. ’ ’ Class B: Cotton dress or “middy" (commercial patterns). April— Final reports and exhibits. May 1— Leaders/ reports due. July— Club picnic or field day, to be held jointly with other clubs of county. The following basis of award is suggested for determining the relative merit of club members: Quality of work. 35 Selection of materials. 25 Exhibit. 20 Becords and story. 20 Total.100 DAIRY CLUB Minimum Requirements— Special Class Age: 12 to 18 inclusive Work required: Records of feeding and production of 1 to 3 cows during 2 to 6 months. Enrollment opens September 1 and closes December 1. Work must be completed and final report filed by June 1. The following program relates both to subject matter for meetings and to work in connection with the project: Dairy Club Calendar August— Organization. Selection of the cow. September— Feeding the cow. October— Testing the cow. November— Care of the cow. December— Cow comfort in the barn. J anuary— Fresh air for the cow. February— Sunlight ifi the dairy barn. March— Cleanliness in the dairy barn. April— The cow a conserver of fertility. May— Summer silage or pasture. June— Fly time. July— The economy of the dairy cow. During the month of July, the usual picnic or field day should be arranged. A Babcock test demonstration by club members during the winter at some public meeting will do much to add to the interest. 17 In determining the relative merit of club members the following basis of award will be used: Number of cows: 5 points for each cow, but not to exceed 15 points. 15 Completeness of record. 20 Neatness and accuracy. 20 Cost of producing 100 pounds of milk. 10 Cost of producing 1 pound of butter fat. 10 A story describing the chief points of interest developed by the test and their application to farm practice. 25 Total.100 THE CLUB SIGNBOARD Every man and woman in business displays a sign. One of the things each club member should do is to make and letter a signboard. This should be 12x18 inches, planed on one side. The signboard should bear the name of the local or county club preceded by the word ‘ ‘ Member, ’ ’ as: Member McLean County Corn Club The lettering is best done by means of a stencil which may be cut from cardboard or stiff paper. Letters may be cut from advertise¬ ments or may be made by some club member. These are then laid on the cardboard or stiff paper, their outline drawn with a pencil and the letters cut out, care being taken to leave portions when such are necessary to preserve the outlines of the letter. The signboard may be placed on a post in front of the residence or on the plat of the club member. CORRELATION WITH SCHOOL WORK The state course of study and most county courses provide for the club work in connection with nature-study-agriculture. The seasonal sequence of the various club programs will fit in with this course of study and teachers and club leaders are referred to it for suggestions foi* such correlations. It is suggested that, with the approval of school officials, a certain week be set aside when the preparation of the final reports in the several clubs be made the subject of the arithmetic and composition work. This time will vary with localities and with the various clubs. Club meetings may take the place of Friday afternoon exercises once a month and may furnish a motive for more intelligent participa¬ tion in these exercises. This may also serve to attract patrons, who may be invited to participate in the programs. Club programs may also be combined with spelling schools. 18 The local club exhibit may be made an interesting part of the school exhibit. County and township fairs and exhibits should not crowd out the exhibit of a local club. This will serve to arouse interest and furnish valuable experience for the prospective exhibitors at county and state shows. AWARDS The following articles and trips make suitable awards for club work when other than school credit is desired. Avoid large cash prizes. Any system of awards should include a club achievement em¬ blem for every member who complies with all of the club requirements. 1. Educational trips to normal colleges, club camps, agricultural fairs, University of Illinois, live-stock shows, etc., with all expenses paid. 2. Pure-bred live stock, especially pigs and poultry. 3. Farm machinery—plows, corn graders, etc. 4. Wearing apparel—sweaters, etc. 5. Pennants and banners. 6. Miscellaneous—thimbles, scissors or shears, pens, hatpins, scarf pins, tie clasps, knives, toilet sets or articles. 7. Sporting goods—baseball, tennis, football, and basketball supplies. 8. Books—agricultural and fiction. For books on agriculture, see “List of Books for the Farmer’s Library,” an Agricultural College Extension publication. For books of fiction and of general interest, the following list is recommended by Mrs. Edna Lyman Scott, a specialist in children’s reading. Boys — Pyle. Eobin Hood. Scribner. $3.00. Stevenson. Treasure Island. Scribner. $1.25. Stevenson. Treasure Island, illus. Wyeth. $2.50. Bostock. Training of Wild Animals. Century. $1.00. Collins. Boys’ Book of Model Aeroplanes. Century. $1.20. Terrell. Harper’s Aircraft Book. Harper. $1.00. French. Lance of Kanana. Lathrop. $1.00. Grenfell. Adrift on an Ice Pan. Houghton. $0.75. Wallace. Lure of the Labrador Wild. Eevell. $1.50. Setoh-Thompson. Wild Animals I Have Known. Scribner. $1.75. Bond. With Men Who Do Things. Munn. $1.50. Selvin. Behind the Scenes with Wild Animals. Moffat. $2.00. Comstock. Handbook of Nature Study. $3.00. Fitzpatric. Jvet of the Bushweld. Longmans. $2.00. Masefield. Jim Davis (Pauli). Stokes. $1.25. Masefield. Martin Hyde. Stokes. $1.25. 19 Girls —• Richards. Florence Nightingale. Appleton. $1.25. Lpyri. Heidi—Story of Little Swiss Girl, illus. Dutton. $2.50. Dodge. Hans Brinker or the Silver Skates. Scribner. $1.50. Alcott. Little Women, illus. Little. $2.00 Hawthorne. Wonder Book, illus. by Crane. Houghton. $1.75. Twain. Prince and the Pauper. Harper. $1.75. Bennett. Master Skylark. Century. $1.50. Lamb. Tales from Shakespeare, illus. by Price. Scribner. $2.50. Pyle. King Arthur and His Knights. Scribner. $2.50. Lagerlof. Wonderful Adventures of Nils. Doubleday. $1.50. Kelley. Three Hundred Things a Bright Girl Can Do. Estes. $1.75. Johnson. When Mother Lets Us Cook. Moffat. $0.75. Fryer. Mary Frances’ Housekeeping Book. Winston. $1.20. 9. 4-H Emblems. This is the official club emblem and it is recom¬ mended that any system of prizes include one of these for every club member who completes the project requirements. (For further information, write to the State Leader in Junior Extension.) Achievement Emblems 20 21 ORGANIZING A COUNTY FOR CLUB WORK 1 Note.— This plan may be modified to suit the needs of a smaller geographical unit, such as a city or the district tributary to a city. AIMS OF CLUB WORK. 1. To give boys and girls a chance to become a part of the movement for better agriculture and better living. 2. To help boys and girls to achieve success in manly and womanly jobs thru club projects. 3. To provide a concrete basis for cooperation between home and school and thus lay the foundation for a rational system of school credit for home work in agriculture and home economics. 4. To give boys and girls businesslike jobs, the net profits from which shall be theirs. 5. To provide an organization whereby all interested agencies in the community can help the boys and girls to achieve the aims out¬ lined, by providing (a) capable leadership, and (b) suitable awards. AGENCIES INVOLVED 1. County Advisory Committee composed of three or more mem¬ bers selected from the following organizations: ! County superintendent of schools City superintendent of schools Principal, township high school Farmers ’ Institutes Household science organizations Farm Bureaus County fair associations Commercial clubs Pure-bred live-stock associations 2. County 2 Club Leader By virtue of his office the county superintendent of schools is the county club leader. He may delegate his duties to someone else. The ideal arrangement is to have a county leader who is made an assistant county superintendent of schools and who can attend to many other details of school administration in addition to the supervision of the club work. Such an arrangement permits all-the-year round supervision of the club work and makes possible closer relationship between it and the school work in agriculture and home economics. 3. Junior Extension Service State Leader in Junior Extension Assistant State Leader in Junior Extension Extension specialists Acknowledgment is made to Mr. George E. Farrell, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. for suggestions used in the preparation of this plan. 2 Wherever the word county appears, the word city or district may be sub¬ stituted. 22 4. Local Leaders Teachers Ministers Farm Women Parents and patrons Anyone interested in boys, girls, agriculture, or home economies 5. Local Advisory Committee Three residents of the community, one a woman, who are interested in the club work. If the local teacher is not the club leader, he should serve on the committee. 6. Club Members Boys and girls from 10 to 18 years of age. DIVISION OF LABOR 1. The County Advisory Committee will— Provide financial support for county club leaders. Assist in choice of projects for clubs. Cooperate with county adviser and county club leader in securing local lead¬ ers and organization. Provide time and place for club exhibit and contests, and suitable awards for same (fall or winter). If possible, arrange for play festival, club picnic, or club camp (summer). 2. The County Club Leader if appointed for the entire school year, in his capacity as assistant county superintendent of schools will devote a portion of his time during the regular school year to— Assisting teachers to organize clubs. Conducting demonstrations. Assisting local leaders to secure advisory committees. Assisting in planning and arranging for local and county exhibits and play festivals. During the vacation period he will visit leaders, clubs, and individual members. 3. Junior Extension Service will furnish— All blanks and forms. Follow-up instructions. Time of State Leader or Assistant State Leader in general organization, and at exhibit time or during cropping season. Suggestions and help in planning exhibit and help to members and leaders by correspondence at all times. 4. The Local Leaders will— Organize clubs of not less than five members from 10 to 18 years of age (all clubs to have regular club officers and constitution). 23 Send a copy of the club enrollment to the county leader and to the State Leader on forms provided. Arrange for and attend each club meeting. Visit club members at least once each month and assist in keeping records during work of club project. Notify club members of field meetings and festivals. Assist club members to prepare exhibits or demonstrations. Secure reports and stories and forward them to the county leader at the proper time. 5. The Local Advisory Committee will— Act as sponsors and advisors for club locally. Assist in visiting projects of club members. Assist local leader in arranging for local meetings, exhibits, festivals, and demonstrations. 6. The Club Members agree to— Fill out enrollment cards. When a club member enrolls, he becomes a mem¬ ber of the local, state, and national club. Attend all meetings, if possible. Keep accurate records of all work performed, hours of labor, receipts and expenditures, and follow instructions as given by club leaders. Fill out and mail reports requested while carrying on the project, and com¬ plete and file with club leader a final report. ORGANIZATION 1. Area of operation: The county club will include all members in the county. The local club may be organized in a school district or community of such size as to permit visitation and assembling of club members. 2. Local clubs shall consist of not less than five members from 10 to 18 years of age. 3. Each club will have a constitution and regular officers. 4. Each club will work on one or not more than two projects (one for boys and one for girls), chosen from the county list. 5. Each club will hold at least one meeting each month, and more if desirable. 6. Where the size of the club permits division, two classes may be established as follows: Class A—10 to 14 years inclusive Class B—15 to 18 years inclusive This provides a basis for fair competition and separate club meet¬ ings, if desired. 24 PROGRAMS FOR CLUB MEETINGS The programs for club meetings will depend largely on the type of project, the time to be devoted to meetings, and the originality of the leader. There should be something for everyone to do; each in¬ dividual should have some share in each club meeting. The general program might divide itself into: (1) project; (2) business, literary, and demonstration; (3) social. No one of these three divisions can be carried on exclusive of the others. The projects will have their stories, the literary programs will sometimes include project demonstrations, while the social spirit should always be present. It would be well to combine as much of a “do” program as possible with the literary work. Demonstrations, ‘ ‘ stunts, ’ ’ and con¬ tests always add interest. Do not forget that music is always a welcome addition to a club program. The following suggestions are given merely to assist the club in arranging for the year’s work. Further suggestions may be obtained by studying the programs of projects other than yours. Meetings should be held at least once a month, perhaps oftener at certain seasons of the year. They may be held in the schoolhouse Friday afternoon, and the young pupils and others, not members of the club, may be guests. Occasional evening meetings with social features and refreshments should be held. In the conduct of club meetings a good leader will remain in the background as much as possible, permitting the officers of the club to conduct the meeting. Parents, patrons, members of the advisory committee, and outside speakers should have a place on certain pro¬ grams, but it should ever be borne in mind that the club is for boys and girls, and care should be exercised that the adults do not crowd them off the programs. A club will be far more successful if it succeeds in stimulating its own members to take part in club meetings, than if it merely fills up its programs with outside speakers. In connection with the club meetings visits should be made to places where actual club work can be observed. The corn plat, the pig pen, and the garden should be utilized in this connection. Obser¬ vation trips and “hikes” should be taken to observe ideal conditions on farms or in homes. GENERAL PEOGRAMS Organization (1) Roll call Talks on: Purpose of organization How we are connected with other organizations What others will do for us What we will do for ourselves What we will do for others How we are going to make our club a success Discussions of assignments for months Discussion of record books 25 (1) Roll call Final Reports Talks on: Making- a final report How to fill out items from record book Comparison of results Points for a good story Plan for next year’s club CORN CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call, answered by current events Talks on: Preparation of ground for corn Ground best suited to corn growing Clover seed or timothy sod for corn ground Shall we check or drill the corn When and how to cultivate Demonstration: Out-of-doors trip to look for ground suitable for corn plats (2) Roll call, answered by naming breeds or types of corn Talks on: Selection of seed ears Scoring of seed corn A study of score card Methods of storing seed corn Demonstration: Selection of seed ears; making of seed corn rack Contest: Stringing of seed corn (see page 37) (3) Roll call Talks on: Methods of testing seed corn Germination box test Other methods How to apply germination tests Improving varieties of corn Demonstration: The construction of a germination box (4) Roll call, answered by naming corn-belt states Talks on: The harvesting of corn Uses of corn as a feed Corn silage Corn—whole, shelled, or ground Corn stover and fodder Methods of storing corn Demonstration: A visit to farms to see various methods of storing corn (5) Roll call, answered by naming corn products Talks on: Part corn plays in world’s industries Corn as a human food product Manufacture of starch Distilling of corn Canning of corn Corn as a breakfast food Corn meal 26 Demonstration in form of an exhibit showing some of these products Social: Have a luncheon or dinner using only corn products Note. —Write to manufacturers of corn products for information and samples. (6) Roll call, answered by naming places where corn exhibits are held Talks on: How to select exhibits How to groom exhibits How to ship exhibits The value of exhibits Demonstration: Preparation of an exhibit (7) Roll call General discusion on making out corn-club reports Discusion of: Time required to plow an acre Time required to plant an acre Means of determining weight of shelled corn (8) Roll call, answered by name of a poem or song about corn Talks on: Our Corn Club What I like most in our Corn Club Where we need to grow in our Corn Club work Our records—our members Our next year’s Corn Club Social hour with games References on Corn: U. S'. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Farmers’ Bui. 253 Germination of Seed Corn Farmers’ Bui. 298 Food Value of Corn and Corn Products Farmers’ Bui. 313 Harvesting and Storing of Corn Farmers’ Bui. 414 Corn Cultivation Farmers’ Bui. 415 Seed Corn Farmers’ Bui. 537 How to Grow an Acre of Corn Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, Ill. Bui. 132 Effect of Selection on Certain Physical Characters in the Corn Plant Bui. 181 Soil Moisture and Tillage for Corn Bui. 191 Yields of Different Varieties of Corn in Illinois PIG CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call, answered by naming breeds or breed characteristics Talks on: Origin of swine Characteristics of lard hog Characteristics of bacon hog Demonstration: Locating and naming parts of a hog from a drawing, picture, or chart (2) Roll call, answered by names of prominent breeders Talks on: History of Duroc-Jersey History of Poland-China 27 History of Chester-White History of Berkshire History of Hampshire (3) Boll call, answered by naming essentials for a healthy herd Talks on: Mineral matter in the ration Sanitary hog houses Individual hog houses vs. the colony hog house Dipping hogs Demonstration: Making an individual hog house, using blackboard or model (4) Boll call, answered by naming forage crops suitable for swine Talks on: Alfalfa pasture Bape Other kinds of pasture (5) Boll call, answered by naming feeds suitable for swine Talks on: Home grown feeds Feeds that must be purchased Demonstration: Blackboard explanation of nutritive ratio of a feed or a ration (6) Judging contest: Each member to place three hogs (Basis of award: placing, 50; reasons, 50) References on Pigs: Bui. 109 The Location, Construction, and Operation of Hog Houses. Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, Ill. Bui. 147 Pork Production. Agr. Exp. Sta., Lincoln, Neb. Bui. 124 Fattening Hogs in Nebraska. Agr. Exp. Sta., Lincoln, Neb. Bui. 136 Forage Crops for Swine. Agr. Exp. Sta., Ames, la. Bui. 143 Hogging Down Corn—A Successful Practice. Agr. Exp. Sta., Ames, la. Bui. 110 Forage Crop Botations for Pork Production. Agr. Exp. Sta., Columbia, Mo. Farmers * Bui. 205—U. S. Dept, of Agr., Washington, D. C. POULTBY CLUB PBOGBAMS (1) Boll call, answered by naming types of poultry Talks on: Origin of poultry Types of poultry (a) Mediterranean, or egg breeds (b) American, or general-purpose breeds (c) Asiatic, or meat breeds (d) English breeds What type should be raised (2) Boll call, answered by naming breeds of poultry Talks on Mediterranean, or egg breeds: Leghorns Blue Andalusians Minorcas Anconas Spanish 28 (3) Roll call Talks on American, or general-purpose breeds: Plymouth Rocks Dominiques Wyandottes Rhode Island Reds Javas Buckeyes (4) Roll call Talks on Asiatic, or meat, breeds: Brahmas Cochins Langshans Talks on English breeds: Dorkings Orpingtons Red Caps (5) Roll call Talks on: Selection of breeding stock (a) Constitutional vigor Mating up of breeding pen: (a) Males (b) Females Note. —It is suggested that the club leader, if he is not a poultry man, secure some one to bring in some birds and present these topics to the young people. (6) Roll call Talks on: Parts of a fowl (see Farmers’ Bui. 528) Marking of parts in various breeds Demonstration: Draw a fowl; name or label parts. References on Poultry: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Farmers’ Bui. 51 Standard Breeds of Poultry Farmers’ Bui. 528 Hints to Poultry Raisers Farmers’ Bui. 562 Organization of Boys’ and Girls’ Poultry Clubs Farmers’ Bui. 574 Poultry House Construction Farmers’ Bui. 594 Shipping Eggs by Parcels Post Farmers’ Bui. 624 Natural and Artificial Brooding of Chickens Farmers’ Bui. 682 A Simple Trap Nest for Poultry POTATO CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call, answered by naming varieties Talks on: Early and late varieties Straw potatoes Demonstration: Making of potato starch (2) Roll call, answered by naming diseases and insect pests of potatoes Talks on: Spray mixtures Treating seed Demonstration: Treatment of seed with formalin (3) Roll call, answered by naming tools used in potato culture Talks on: Preparation of seed bed. Planting. Cultivation. Digging. 29 (4) Roll call, answered by naming potato-growing states Talks on: Selection of seed Preparing seed for planting Demonstration: Hill selection of seed (see U. S. Potato Club bulletin). This should take place on club plat. References on the Potato: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Potato Growing as Club Work in the North and West Hints to Potato Growers Recipes for the Use of Potatoes and Homemade Potato Starch (Form 0-7) Farmers’ Bui. 305 Farm Management in Northern Potato-Growing Sec¬ tions Farmers’ Bui. 407 The Potato as a Truck Crop Farmers’ Bui. 753 Commercial Handling, Grading, and Marketing of Potatoes Bui. 101 Potato Warehouse Plans. Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, N. D. Extension Bui. 8. College of Agriculture, Columbus, Ohio Bui. 146 (1916) Diseases of the Potato. Penn. State College of Agriculture, State College, Penna. DAIRY CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call, answered by naming breeds of dairy cattle Talks on: History of dairy cattle Single-purpose dairy cattle Dual-purpose cattle (2) Roll call Talks on: Dairy cattle score (a) Constitution (b) Capacity Demonstration: Judge (3) Roll call Talks on: Testing the cow The Babock test The best cow in our herd—before the test, after the test Demonstration : Run a Babcock test. (4) Roll Call Talks on: Care of cows Cow comfort in the barn Fresh air for the cow Cleanliness in dairy barn (5) Roll call Talks on: Dairy barn construction Types of dairy barns Requirements of law for dairy barns and milk houses card (c) Temperament (d) Milk organs a dairy cow. Place a ring of dairy cows 30 (6) Roll call Talks on: Feeds and feeding of dairy cow Nutrients Types of feed Silage Pasture Grain for the dairy cow (7) Roll call Talks on: Cows as conservers of fertility Economy of the dairy cow Treatment of cows in fly time (8) Roll call, answered by naming some product made from milk Talks on: The silo on the dairy farm Kinds of silos I have seen or read about Open discussion led by chairman (9) Roll call, answered by naming a dairy country or county, either in Europe or in America Talks on: The importance of good farm papers Hoard’s Dairyman Kimball’s Dairy Farmer Various breed journals Milk and its products as food How to feed a calf Demonstration: Each member hand in an outline of the dairy articles read during the past month (10) Roll call, answered by giving the name and price per ton of a good feed for the dairy cow Talks on: Future Possibilities of the Dairy Industry Read a good article on dairying Read an essay on How to feed the dairy cow (11) Saturday afternoon: Plan to visit some modern dairy farm in your vicinity. Take notes on the building, stock, and methods of feeding. Hand in a detailed report of the trip at the next regular meeting. References on Dairying: Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, Ill. Circ. 152 Feeding Dairy Cows Circ. 162 Care of Milk in the Home Circ. 174 Testing for Fat in Milk by the Babock Test Circ. 188 Construction of the Dairy House Bui. 146 Alfalfa vs. Timothy Hay and Alfalfa vs. Bran for Dairy Cows Bui. 159 Balanced vs. Unbalanced Rations for Dairy Cows 81 GARDEN CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call Talks on: Our garden plats, measuring them Destruction of weeds in fall The type of soil Fall preparation of the seed bed Fertilizers Demonstration: Measure plat and give fall preparation (2) Roll call, answered by naming garden seeds Talksl on: What I am going to plant How to make a garden plan When, where, and how to get our seeds Value of germination tests Demonstration: Draw a garden plan and make germination tests (3) Roll call, answered by naming plants grown in a hotbed Talks on: Construction of hotbed Care of hotbed Demonstration: Construct a hotbed (4) Roll call, answered by names of seeds not grown in hotbed Talks on: Spring preparation of seed bed How to sow our seeds When to sow the different varieties Requirements of different seeds Transplanting (5) Roll call Talks on: Weeds—varieties Life history of some weeds How to destroy weeds (6) Roll call Talks on insect enemies: Most common pests of our neighborhood Various stages in life history How to combat them Value of birds, toads, owls, etc., in combating insects (7) Roll call Talks on: Sprays Kinds How to make or when to buy When and how to apply (8) Roll call Talks on: Cultivation Conservation of moisture Cultivation for destruction of weeds Dangers of improper cultivation Bacteria in the soil 32 (9) Roll call Talks on: Harvesting of our crops Marketing How to clean for market Suitable packages, bundles, etc. Grading for market and for canning (10) Roll call Talks on: Classes of vegetables that can be stored Methods of storing What crops I shall store, and how I’m going to do it References on Gardening: Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, Ill. Bui. 144 Growing Tomatoes for Early Market Bui. 174 An Efficient and Practicable Method for Controlling Melon Lice Circ. 139 How to Grow Muskmelons Circ. 154 The Home Vegetable Garden Circ. 173 Onion Culture Circ. 182 The Fertilizer Problem from the Vegetable Grower’s Standpoint U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Farmers’ Bui. 61 Asparagus Culture Farmers’ Bui. 204 Cultivation of Mushrooms Farmers’ Bui. 220 Tomatoes Farmers’ Bui. 254 Cucumbers Farmers’ Bui. 282 Celery Farmers’ Bui. 354 Onion Culture Farmers’ Bui. 433 Cabbage Farmers’ Bui. 553 Pop Corn for the Home CANNING CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call Talks on: History of food preservation Reasons for preserving food What causes food to spoil Bacteria Yeasts Molds Conditions under which foods spoil most quickly Cold storage conservation Drying as a means of preservation Preserves, candied fruits, etc. (2) Roll call Talks on methods of canning: Open-kettle method Cold-water process Intermittent method Cold-pack method Equipment for home canning Demonstration: Show a complete canning outfit (3) Roll call Talks on: What I am using for an outfit Steps of the cold-pack method 33 Demonstration: Canning one fruit or one vegetable . N.B.—Several meetings may be held with a demonstration of canning one fruit or one vegetable in order to get the method well fixed in the minds of the club members. A discussion of difficulties met by individuals will be very helpful. At each meeting there should be a discussion of difficulties met since the last meeting. (4) Roll call Talks on: Standard of a perfect canned fruit Study of score card Points to be observed to secure a perfect canned product (5) Roll call, answered by naming prominent places where exhibits are held. Talks on: Canning for exhibits Points of the score card Difference between canning for exhibit and for home consumption Value of exhibiting Demonstration: Have an exhibit, and have club members act as judges. Belvideee Canning Club (6) Roll call, answered by naming places where contests might be held Talks on: Purposes of canning contests Possible regulations for canning contests How to form a team for a canning contest How a team should work together—part each member must play Hoav a contest will make us more efficient (7) Roll call, answered by naming favorite fruit and vegetable Mother’s Day program Have a general discussion of canning-club work, with suggestions from mothers. Make plans for next year’s club work. 34 References on Canning: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. NR 23 Canning Windfall and Cull Apples and Use of By-Products NR 24 Home Canning Instructions to Save Fruit and Vegetable Waste NR 25 Additional Recipes, Tested and Determined for Use in Boys’ and Girls’ Canning Club Work NR 26 Canning of Soups and Meats NR 28 Suggestions and Information for Canning Demonstrations NR 29 Common Home Canning Difficulties NR 30 Recipes for Canned Vegetables, Their Preparation for Table Use NR 33 Home Canning Instruction (Methods and Devices) NR 36 Suggestions and Instruction for Home Canning Demonstrations Farmers’ Bui. 291 Evaporation of Apples Farmers’ Bui. 375 Care of Food in the Home Farmers’ Bui. 521 Canning Tomatoes at Home and in Club Work Household Science Department, University of Illinois, Urbana Principles of Jelly Making The Rural School Lunch GARMENT-MAKING CLUB PROGRAMS (1) Roll call, answered by naming kinds of material used for sewing Talks on: What are textiles Cotton and its uses Flax and its uses Wool and its uses Silk and its uses Demonstration: Samples of various goods might be brought to make talks more interesting (2) Roll call, answered by naming colors of the spectrum Talks on: The history of sewing Primitive methods The day of the spinning wheel and hand loom Hand sewing Machine sewing (3) Roll call Talks on: The history of the sewing machine Types of sewing machines Some points on the use of a sewing machine Demonstration: Use of a machine (4) Roll call Talks on: Needles—kinds, history, and manufacture Pins Thread Thimble Scissors (5) Roll call Talks on: The various stitches used in sewing Running, basting, gathering Hemming Backstitch Combination stitch 35 Overcasting Buttonholing Fancy stitches Demonstration: Samples of various stitches might be pointed out in clothing (6) Boll call Talks on: Care of the clothing Laundering Removal of stains Mending—patching and darning Ironing Pressing (7) Roll call Talks on: Renovation of clothing Dyeing Making over Altering (8) Roll call Talks on: Appropriate dress for occasions and for types of people Simplicity Good taste Fashions (9) Roll call Talks on: Essentials of a wardrobe Necessary articles Necessary numbers Types of clothing for various kinds of work Keeping our “best” distinct from “every-day” clothing (10) Roll call Talks on: Types of people—blondes, brunettes, etc. Colors suitable for types What colors could I wear (11) Roll call Talks on: The baby’s clothes What kind of clothing little brother should wear WThat kind of clothing little sister should wear How we can help make them (12) Roll call Bible references on sewing (This might be made into the form of a contest to see who could find the most references within a given time) Gen. 3-7 Ex. Job 16-17 Eccl. 3-7 Eze. 13-18 16-10 to 13 Ex. 26-36 27- 16 28- 39 28-4 36-37 38- 18 39- 3 and 29 Judges 5-30 Ps. 45-14 1 Ch. 29-2 Story of Dorcas Story of Jacob’s coat Story of Samuel’s coat made by Hannah 36 (13) Roll call Talks on: Preparation of an exhibit How to mount an exhibit Making out the final report References on Garment-Making: Some Points in Choosing Textiles. Household Science Dept., University of Illinois, Urbana Sewing. Household Science Dept., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Textiles. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Household Arts. State Board of Agriculture, Columbia, Mo. Helps for Wash Day. International Harvester Co., Chicago Infant Care. U. S. Dept, of Labor, Children’s Bureau, Washington, D. C. Printed material on dyeing and dye stuffs may be obtained from such com¬ mercial firms as: Rainbow Dye Co., 131 Hudson St., New York Angel Dainty Dye Co., 112 W. Lake St., Chicago Monroe Drug Co., Quincy, Ill. SUGGESTIONS FOR CLUB DAY IN SUMMER This may be held in a park adjoining a city or at any place deter¬ mined by the county advisory committee. Parents and friends of club members and others interested are to be invited. Program for the day, to be arranged by the committee. The fol¬ lowing suggestions are offered: Program 10 A. M. Parade of club members 10:30 Baseball game 12 M. Picnic dinner 1:15 P. M. 50 yard dash for boys in Class A 50 ” ” ” girls ” ” A 50 ” ” ” boys ” ” B 50 ” ” ” girls ” ” B Potato relay—4 man team, % mile Corn relay—4 man team, t4 mile Potato-paring contest—six potatoes (Speed, 25; skill, 25; waste, 50) Needle-threading contest—seven needles Remove thread from spool and knot (Speed, 30; skill, 30; quality, 40) 2:30 Kite-flying contest Best banner kite Strongest puller Highest flier (No second or third in this contest) 37 3:30 Canning recipe contest (NR series used) This contest is to be conducted similar to a spelling contest. Each contestant in turn is to give a recipe for canning a product as given out by the person in charge of the contest. (One entry from each club) 4:30 Spelling contest 300 words selected from garden, canning, and corn literature. One trial. No hesitation. (Two entries from each club) Rules.— Five points will be awarded to first in each contest, 3 points to second, and 1 point to third, unless otherwise designated. A 4-H banner will be awarded to the clnb winning the greatest number of points. Pennants for second and third places, respectively, will be awarded. Play Festival in Cook County • CLUB CONTESTS CORN STRINGING All regularly enrolled members of a corn club are eligible. Rules for Contest \ 1. Two boys constitute a team. 2. Each team shall string fifty ears of corn in five strings, ten ears each. 3. Corn and binder twine will be provided. 4. Corn may be piled in any manner desired, and strings may be cut and in readiness before contest starts. 38 Basis of Award Time required . 50 Appearance of strings. 50 Total. 100 (The strings of corn will remain the property of the committee.) CANNING CLUB CONTEST All regularly enrolled members of boys’ and girls’ canning clubs are eligible. Rules for Contest 1. Teams must consist of five members. 2. Entries limited to five teams. 3. Each team to demonstrate the canning of one fruit and one vegetable: Fruit—1 quart of apples (or other fruit selected by committee) Vegetables—1 quart tomatoes (or other vegetables selected by committee) Canning Contest at Jackson County Fair School Basis of Award Time required . 40 Quality of product. 40 Skill . 20 Total. 100 (The canned products will remain the property of the committee.) 4. Each team must supply the following equipment for the contest: 1 can or covered pail, lard can, or wash boiler, with false bottom 2 tablespoons, 1 teaspoon, 1 long-handled spoon 1 jar funnel 1 measuring cup 5 pans (for preparing fruit and vegetables) 1 covered pan (for syrup) 4 paring knives 2 yards cheese cloth or a wire basket, for blanching product Small jar of salt Tea towels To be supplied by committee for each team: 2 gasoline or oil stoves (two or three burners) ~ 2 tables (or one long one) wdth paper or oilcloth on top 1 teakettle 1 waterpail (with supply of fresh clean w^ater) 1 garbage can with cover 1 pound white granulated sugar Jars enough for products (with a few extra) Good can rubbers 5 pancake turners (to be bent and used in getting jars out of canner) Fruits and vegetables for canning (as specified) No explanation of the cold-pack process of canning will be given during the contest. The work must show for itself. An explanation of club work, cold-pack process, etc., will be given before the contest starts, and the club members will be expected to answer questions on their work after the close of the contest. THE CLUB LIBRARY Each club member should start a library of books and bulletins. Bulletins can be obtained free from the Illinois Agricultural Experi¬ ment Station, Urbana, Illinois, and from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Both publish lists of available bulle¬ tins and circulars which may be obtained free upon application. Great care should be exercised in buying books. The club leader or some adult who knows should be consulted. The “List of Books for the Farmer’s Library,” a publication issued by the College of Agri¬ culture, Urbana, will prove helpful. A combination desk and book case, where a club member can work and keep the library, can be made. 40 PACKAGE LIBRARIES The Junior Extension Service, in cooperation with the Library of the College of Agriculture, has prepared package libraries of books and bulletins on the subjects of corn, pigs, and poultry. These collec¬ tions have been prepared especially for the boys’ and girls’ clubs, and the privilege of using them is extended to all such clubs. The routine to be followed in obtaining a package library consists in the leader’s signing the following application blank and sending it to the Library of the College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Application Blank The.club of. .desires a package library on. If such a library is sent, I, as leader of the club, will be responsible for its use and return. Buies and Regulations Package libraries shall consist of two books and from six to ten bulletins, all on the special subjects which the club is studying. These libraries will be sent to the leader of the club, who shall assume all responsibility for their proper care, use, and return. Loans shall be made for a period of three months. The College will pay transporta¬ tion in sending the library out to the club, and the club will pay the return transportation. On receipt of the package library, the club leader will check the collection with the enclosed lending list and acknowledge with a postal the safe receipt of the library. In return¬ ing the material, the books and bulletins should be again checked with the lending list. All books or pamphlets which have been lost or mutilated by club members must be paid for—the books at the rate of $1.50 each and the pamphlets at 50c each. The librarian will appreciate any suggestions from the club lead¬ ers and members regarding methods of improving package libraries, or new subjects which should be treated. 41 A MODEL CONSTITUTION, WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE 1 CONSTITUTION Article I. The name of this organization shall be the. ....Club. (School, township, county, etc.) i_ Article II. The object of this club is to increase the agricultural, educational, and social advantages of. (Name of geographical unit) thru home projects, entertainments, lectures, fairs, exhibits, etc. Article III. All boys and girls living in. (Geographical unit) between the ages of 10 and 18 years shall be eligible for membership. Article IV. Sec. 1. The officers of this club shall consist of a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a treasurer. Sec. 2. A majority vote shall constitute an election. Article V. Roberts’ Rules of Order shall govern the meetings of the club. Article VI. The order of business for all regular meetings shall be as follows: 1. Call to order 2. Roll call 3. Reading of minutes of last meeting. 4. Addition or corrections to the minutes. 5. Reports of committees 6. Old business 7. New business 8. Considering new names for membership 9. Literary program 10. Recreation or refreshments 11. Adjournment Article VII. Committees for special purposes may be appointed by the president at any time. BY-LAWS Article I. The club motto shall be ‘ ‘ To make the BEST, BETTER,” and the club emblem shall be a four-leaf clover bearing an H on each leaf. Article II. The officers shall be elected by ballot at the annual election in.... .of each year. (Month) Article III. The regular meeting of the club shall take place at. on the. (Name of building) (Day of the month) Article IV. Sec. 1. A quorum shall consist of. of the membership of the club. Sec. 2. This constitution may be amended by a vote of of the members present at any regular meeting. (Usually two-thirds) (Two-thirds) Credit is due Mr. E. C. Lindemann, State Club Leader of Michigan, for this material. 42 3 0112 098209494 PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS a. Always address the president as Mr. or Miss President. 1). All remarks should be addressed to the president. c. There should be no talking between members. d. The president should recognize the person who seeks the floor by saying: ‘‘ Mr. or Miss.” (Person’s name) e. This indicates that the person thus recognized has the privilege of speak¬ ing (of the floor) and must not be interrupted. /. The only interruptions allowable are (1) a call for a point of order, or (2) a question. g. A point of order applies to a member who has made a motion which is out of order because of another motion before the meeting, or to a member whose remarks are not on the subject under consideration, or to a person who is exceed¬ ing the time limit for discussion, etc. A point of order is executed as follows: Member rising while another is speaking: “Mr. President, I rise to a point of order. ” The president will then recognize the speaker as follows: ‘ ‘ Mr., please state your point of order. ’ ’ Member who has interrupted speaker: f ‘ Mr. President, the speaker, Mr.. .. .is out of order because his remarks are not on the subject (Interrupted member’s name) under consideration (or is out of order because there is another motion before the meeting).’’ President: “The chair decides that the point is (or is not) well taken.” Whereupon the interrupted speaker takes his seat or makes an appeal from the decision of the chair as follows: Interrupted speaker: ‘‘ Mr. President, I appeal from the decision of the chair. ’ 5 President: “Mr. appeals from the decision of the chair. As many as are in favor of sustaining the decision of the chair will make manifest by saying ‘Aye;’ contrary-minded, ‘No.’ ” The motion is (or is not) carried. If the motion is carried, and the decision of the chair is thus sustained, the interrupted speaker has no further recourse and must take his seat. If, however, the motion is lost and the decision of the chair is not sustained, the speaker may continue to speak. Question. The speaker may be interrupted by any member for the purpose of asking a question. This question may be one of personal privilege or may be for the purpose of gaining information about the subject under discussion. The execution of this motion may proceed as follows: Member taking floor while another member is speaking: “Mr. President, I rise to a question of information.” Presiding officer: “State your question.” Member: “Do I understand the speaker to mean that.etc?” The speaker then proceeds to give the information desired, and the meeting proceeds. In case of a question of personal privilege the process is as follows: Member, rising and interrupting speaker: “Mr. President, I rise to a ques¬ tion of personal privilege.” Presiding officer: “State your question.” Member: ‘ ‘ Mr. President, this room is too warm for comfort, and I there¬ fore ask to have the windows opened. ’ ’ In either case the presiding officer may rule for or against the person asking the question.