THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Z^Z3 5t 5at Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/detalls/atlasoflifeofchrOOstir AN ATLAS OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST By Rev. JOHN F. STIRLING >mr OF r»f 'JUL 29 /933 ‘^ irnis New York Chicago Toronto Fleming H. Re veil Company London and Edinburgh M \ t I, J., ''Hi Ml I i ^f^Rll IMUi - cZJA , Cj StS3_ PREFACE i r X \ ^HE design of the work is to give a simple, clear and connected outline of the Life of Christ. It is attempted in a series of maps, on which, as far as possible. His journeys are traced, and the different incidents of His ministry are marked at the places where they occurred. Much of the chronology, and many of the historical and geographical relations of His Life must, unfortunately, ever remain matters of conjecture, but attempts will always be made to fix -these and form them into a connected whole, and the present work only claims to take the results that scholarship has reached, and present them in the clearest and simplest manner. In a work of this aim and compass it is impossible to give the various views on the many undetermined points, but no position has been taken up without careful considera- tion of the best authorities. For convenience, the history has been divided into the broad seasons of the year, and only the essential geographical features have been shown on the maps. A few notes have been added, in the hope that they may picture the country and portray the people that environed His Life. ( iii. ) /v7^ CONTENTS, PAGE TITLE PAGE ....... . . I. PREFACE . . . . . . . . III. CONTENTS .......... IV. DATE OF CHRIST’S BIRTH ; HISTORICAL NOTE . .V. DISTANCE MAP OF PALESTINE i PHYSICAL MAP OF PALESTINE 2 GENERAL MAP OF PALESTINE IN THE TIME OF CHRIST . 3 NOTES ON PART I.— BIRTH TO BEGINNING OF MINISTRY . . 4 PART I.— BIRTHPLACE, 5 B.C. 5 ,, HOME, 4 B.C.— 27 A.D. 6 ,, BEGINNING OF MINISTRY, 27 A.D. .... 7 NOTES ON PART II.— JUDEAN MINISTRY .... 8 PART II.— JUDEAN MINISTRY, SPRING, 27 A.D 9 ,, ,, ,, SUMMER AND AUTUMN, 27 A.D. . 10 ,, „ ,, WINTER. 27— 28 A.D. ... II NOTES ON PART III.— GALILEAN MINISTRY .... 12 PART III.— GALILEAN MINISTRY, SPRING, 28 A.D. ... 13 ,, ,; ,, SUMMER, 28 A.D. ... 14 „ „ ,, AUTUMN, 28 A.D. ... 15 ,, ,, ,, WINTER, 28—29 A.D. . . 16 ,, ,, ,, SPRING, 29 A.D. . . 17 ,, „ „ SUMMER, 29 A.D. ... 18 ,, ,, ,, AUTUMN, 29 A.D. ... 19 NOTES ON PART IV.— PER^AN MINISTRY .... 20 PART IV.— PER.EAN MINISTRY, WINTER, 29 A.D., ist STAGE . 21 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 2nd STAGE. . 22 ,, ,, ,, ,, 29—30 A.D., 3rd STAGE . 23 NOTES ON PART V.— DEATH AND RESURRECTION . . . 24 PART V.— THE PASSION, SPRING, 30 A.D. . . . . . 25-26 ,, THE RESURRECTION, SPRING, 30 A.D. . . . 27 ( iv. ) DATE OF CHRISTS BIRTH The birth of Christ is not placed at the beginning of the Christian era, because later study of history proved that the actual year of his birth was earlier than that assumed by the first compilers of our calendar. The exact date cannot be fixed, but it was prior to the death of Herod in the Spring of 4 b.c. The Judtean census, during which Christ was born, was appointed for the year 8 b.c., but political^ troubles delayed it until probably 5 b.c. HISTORICAL NOTE. At the time of Christ Palestine was part of the Roman Empire, governed by the sons of Herod. Archelaus ruled Judma and Samaria until 6 A.D., when he was deposed and banished, because of his severity and cruelty; and Judma was placed under a succession of Syrian governors ; Galilee and Persea were under the authority of Antipas, who possessed his father’s fondness for building towns, but lacked strength in government. The Roman rule was not popular, and during the earlier years of Christ’s life, Judas the Galilean, headed a revolt against the foreign yoke. He was a Pharisee, and, like his class, held strongly the theocratic view, and gave a political interpretation to the Messianic hope. The movement was defeated, but the ideas permeated the masses of the people, and intensified until they issued in the final struggle with the Roman domination a few years after the death of Christ. If the attitude of the Sadducees seemed more favourable to the Empire, it was only that they might win the favour of the princes to secure to them the monopoly of their office. Religiously the country was divided by antagonistic parties that were spiritually low. The Pharisees had reduced religion to the mere per- formance of prescribed rites. The main x^^i'pose of their Scribes was to give scholastic interpretations of Scripture and exact instructions for every detail of life. The Sadducees were the party of protest. They were an exclusive class, belonging mainly to the aristocracy. They rejected the traditions of the Scribes, ignored the Messianic hope, and denied the resurrection. Sceptical of spiritual influences, they directed their attention to material interests. (V.) DISTANCE MAP Engfish Mites iSBsarea Philippi V - - -'Capemai Ig a 1 1 1 e e 1600 Sa.Miles/ V Cana '•Nazareth#^ \ S Sk m Jk T 1 1 1400^. Miles - Y Sh<^che'm- •27 miles - -tg- Jericho ; Emmaus JeVusai^ •37 m i^*- Bethlehei 3000 Sq. Miles ’Hebrori PALESTINE 2 PHYSICAL MAP English Miles 0 5 10 15 20 25 N CO Sidon t Tyre® X Damascus • Mt. Hermon 9150 • Caesarea Philippi A? O Capernaum ■f "^j^Nazareth Sea of Galilee -692 Samaria Shechem® Mt. Gerizim Mt.Ebai Jerusalem Mt. of •olives Bethlehem* « erf, << 0 ° es < Pisgah J£ALEST 1 N£ -Mt. Hermoi GENERAL MAP IN THE TIME OF CHRIST English Miles Caesarea Philippi Ir^iTRARCHY OF Magdala#! TibcrlW^ • Cana \ N ' NazgrethVj ^9 Nain Samaria • Mt.Ebal 4 O Bethlehem ^ ^ ' u Y d • Hebron N A i — Chora;*i V G a 1 i 1 e e v, Capernaum PART I. Birth to Beginning of Ministry. 5 B.C.— 27 A.D. BETHLEHEM The town is shut in on almost every side by the high barren moun- tains of Judaea, but its site is one of the most beautiful in the whole province. It occupies a hill that is green with avenues of oaks, gardens of olives and grapes, orchards and cornfields, and is connected to Jerusalem by a valley of groves and vineyards. On the south-east of the town, hewn out of the limestone rock, is the cave which tradition preserves as the birthplace of our Lord. JERUSALEM The Holy City is distinguished by its whiteness, its isolation, and its security. It is an imposing mass of walls and buildings without a touch of colour, but with a style of architecture which gives it an appearance of magnificence, that is rendered more impressive through being wrought out in grey stone In the sunlight it glistens like a jewel It is a solitary city ; the only sign of life in an empty and monotonous country. No highways come near. It is alone on the desert hills. Its safety is secured on the east, west and south by a deep gorge, and on the north by a barrier of hills. Its approach is difficult, and the absence of water in the surrounding neighbourhood made invasion almost im- possible. NAZARETH A quiet little town, concealed in tke hollow of the hills, at the head of the broad, busy Plain of Esdraelon. It held a unique position, for it secured complete seclusion with close proximity to the world. It nestled amongst the hills, hidden and unknown, but from the ridge that screened it, there stretched a wide expanse of country, which was crossed by the principal thoroughfares of the w'orld, and was famous for its associations with the battles of sacred history. The town itself was a group of shabbily-built stone huts on the western side of the enclosed basin, presenting the poverty-stricken appearance of an eastern village, but sheltering a people pleasant and cheerful. BETHABARA The place of our Lord’s baptism cannot with certainty be determined. Most probably it was on the lower Jordan, at a ford easily accessible to the people of Judaea. It is generally identified with Bethabara, but every ford in the river has, in turn, been claimed as this site. CANA A pretty village built in terraces, amidst gardens and groves, on the western side of a hill, with a river valley bordering it on the south. It is on the direct route from Nazareth to the Lake of Galilee. PARTI. BIRTH English Miles G A L I L E Galilei Nazareth Jerusalem 4>^ Presentation ofB (Luke S, Sg-S8): A. Birth of^MUS (Lukem-7). Visit of $hep' (jiAike S,WMK Hebron fUrthata^^ ot Joi 5^Vi6it 6. Fli^&tfiiuo 7 Jou rn'Sy tA NafeS roth ' T^3fp ^ SonZ^. 4 B.C. TO 27 A.D. English Miles G A L I L Nazareth \ i Home of J« ( Luke 2, to tj< l| sale^!^ / \\Y^u4e«,|7; Jerusalerr 1st -rrjesus in .Jor . (Lukei^UU PART I. HOME 6 PART 1. BEGINNING OF MINISTRY SPRING 27 A.D English Miles GALI LEj Capernau) Nazareth \5. Tui^« A' \ ■ '•’tO.W ‘'"iv T "XC^lohnS, voA»- ( 8 ) PART II. Judaean Ministry. 27 A.D. JUDiEA The Country • — The province is described as the hill country, but the hills have no bold or striking outline, and are so closely packed together that their flattened and barren summits form, between the Maritime Plain and the Jordan Valley, a broad and desolate tableland, more than half of which is bare grey rock. With the exception of the uplands in the neighbourhood of Bethany, Bethlehem and Hebron, the land has no beauty. There are no open plains or valleys. Here and there a deep ravine breaks the rolling outline of the hills, but otherwise it is a monotonous stretch of desert, without variety of form or colour. There are a few trees and shrubs, but they are starved and stunted, for there are no perennial streams, and the soil is parched and poor. The grass is thin, and in the Spring is sprinkled with the brilliant colours of the wild mountain flowers, but as a whole the land is barren and dreary. Even the towns and villages seem from a distance like “ a mere outcrop of the rock.”_ In the centre of this silent and severe country, shouldered on the bare hills, is the lonely tableland which bears the City of God. The People.— They had all the severe elements of their country. They were exclusive and conservative, hard to influence and slow to move. They were lacking in imagination and initiative, but possessed the stolid character which kept them, through their chequered history, faithful to their traditions. They were proud and pedantic, given to petty disputations and the scrupulous observance of the letter of the law. SAMARIA The Country . — Compared with Jiidsea this country is open and fertile. It is mountainous, but the hills are not so closely-set or so barren as those of the south. They are loosely scattered about the province in groups, and many of them are covered to their summits with pasture and trees. Plains and valleys break up the country, and although they are not as large or as numerous as those of Galilee, they are watered by full streams and rivers, and are notable for their abundant crops. Amongst the mountain groups there are ?vild picturesque glens, but generally, Samaria is a land of bold hills and fertile valleys. Rising in the centre of the province are the twin heights of Ebal and Gerizim, the one on the right and the other on the left of the main road from Jerusalem to Nazareth. Upon the latter, standing amidst palm trees, is the ancient city of Shechem, which rivalled Jerusalem as the centre of patriotism and worship. Sychar lies at the base of Ebal, at the opening of a wide valley, and half a mile south, by the side of the great road, is Jacob’s Well. The People. — They were reputed to be a community of malcontents, with bitter feelings of hatred and revenge, but they were not without generous expressions of gratitude and brotherhood. They prided themselves on their independence of thought, but lacked concentration and self-control. Superstitious and pleasure-loving, they easily fell into the idolatrous worship and loose habits of the heathen nations. 8 PART II. JUD/EAN MINISTRY PART 11. JUHEAN MINISTRY SUMMER AND AUTUMN 27 A.D English Miles Jerusalem cMothing re,ci»rded i frctjfi May Deo, ? beyond th« fact tKa!< He bap- tiain^ in X John s, SgiSU). PART 11. JUD^N MINISTRY WINTER 27-28 A.D English Mites /mCana Heale^^ Nobleman ISon (John 146 - 54 ; |w. Jes^a f 11 frqril-*! A "wlT^tfv. ' Sychai 1. Discjourse on i 1 Water of Life I wibv woman! at well Jerusalem! 4. uVnanfed Feasts I . - (John 6^1). 5. Healed'impotentman ' at Pool of Betbesda (John 5, 5 - 47 ;. ( 12 ) PART III. Galilean Ministry. 28—29 a.d. GALILEE The Country.— T *13 land is renowned for its variety and beauty. There are rugged snow-capped mountains with deep chasms and charming glens ; gentle swelling hills with trees and shrubs shading their green slopes ; cultivated terraces of vineyards and olive groves ; rich stretches of cornfields and park-like meadow-lands ; tiny springs and rivulets failing from rocks and terraces ; rushing rivers fertilizing verdant valleys ; birds and flowers that belong to all climes. From Mount Carmel it lies like a terraced garden rising in tiers of hills, from the Plain of Esdraelon to the lofty heights of Lebanon and Hermon. Over it, like a network of veins pulsating with life, were the great highways of the world with their streams of heathen civiliza- tion. On its plains and hills were numerous towns and villages, with busy industries and well-tilled farms. It was a populous country filled with prosperity and gaiety. Beneath it burned smouldering volcanic fires. The People , — The Galileans were open-minded and kind-hearted, with noble and generous impulses. Through contact with the foreign nations that invaded the province, they had a broader outlook and a more versatile character than the people of Judaea. They were attracted by innovations, but had a high standard of virtue and honour, and preserved zealously their religious and patriotic ideals. Like their country, their nature held hidden fires of passion. THE LAKE OF GALILEE The centre of activity in the province was the Lake of Galilee, which lay under a tropical heat, at* the bottom of a deep mountain valley. The shore on the east was barren and empty, and darkened by an overshadowing range of hills. On the west the hills were rounded and grass-covered, with towns and villages thickly clustered on their slopes. Every available strip of land was cultivated, and nowhere in the country was there such a profusion of vegetation. The towns that lined the shore were flourishing centres of in(lu8try and commerce, and the narrow ribbon of coast was thronged with people of all nationalities, pursuing every manner of trade and pleasure. Dotted about on the blue waters of the lake were thousands of white sails. It was a region of fertility and prosperity, with the ceaseless movement of an abundant and active life. Capernaum.— Nothing remains of this old town to indicate its position, which was possibly on the north-west of the lake. It was a busy port, the first of importance on the great road from Damascus, with a garrison, a market, and a number of growing industries. Nain. — Probably a large walled town on the north side of the rugged ridge of Little Hermon. Gergesa — A town at the mouth of one of the rivers which flow into the lake on the east. Rising directly above it, and almost overhanging the water, are desert mountains with tombs hewn in the rock. Bethsaida. — A city at the head of the lake, and near the mouth of the Jordan. It stood on the lower slope of a hill and overlooked a rich plain that was sheltered by the mountains. Gennesaret. — A crescent-shaped plain towards the north-west of the lake, about four miles long and not more than a mile broad. It was one of the garden spots of the world. Tyre and Sidon. — Two great commercial cities of Phoenicia. The eastern boundary of the province was studded with heathen towns and villages. Cesarea Philippi. — An ancient city on a site noted for its natural grandeur and beauty. Rivers, cascades and fountains made the place ‘ a sanctuary of waters.’ There was a temple to Pan, and one of white marble built by Herod to the honour of Augustus. PART III. GALILEAN MINISTRY SPRING 28 A.D, English Mites srftaunr ■■■ / * 1 4 dj^c\p\ep ^ ^ (/iivice 5y j pj-^raught/of fishes ! ^r(Lx^e 5,} /9trPrea^ed inSynm GALILEE \ Na 2aretl 3. Preached and p^cted (Luke'\ 16-50).- d/naated Petei^ wife’s tnbther ( Marifl, 3!)-$U ). 9. Made circuit ; noarj villages and healed ai -^epor i, i| j&Hlatucned to Capbriiauni' Jerusalem' I -'1. Heard of doKn’s {mprison- ; merit (Mark 1, lU). n 2 . %on at NTain . . (Ltike 7,:11-1T)> 10. Baptist’s message from prison ( Luke 7^48-S^ 11. Dined with Siitloni* and anointed by (Ltike7,lSS-6a). 12. Preached in pities -- (Luke^S, IS). 13. Returned to Caperna.unr^.< PART III. GALILEAN MINISTRY SUMMER 28 A.D. English Miles y -(SUn^^, jy). I I 5 . Spent night id prayer (MarkiS, 7-1^). j 6 . Chose disciples I (Mark 8, I3fl9). 7'. Sermon on MoUnt 5, 1 to 7, 38). 8. Heated^ centuHon’s servanT^- , (Matt. S, silS). 15 PART III. GALILEAN MINISTRY AUTUMN 28 A.D English Miles GALILEE Capepnaurfii c 1 Healed blind &T dumb devil \ 2. Visit of MothW an^ brethreil (.Vatt. Jl,^6-r,o). 'I •. 3. Parabies-^ovyei*) 'V Me. ( Matt. '4. Jwo followers " Stilled stop; i (Mark^ "S5 Healed der PART III. GALILEAN MINISTRY _ 16 WINTER 28-29 A.D, English Miles Raised Jart*us* da jghter -f (Matt, \ nealecpfmpotpnt woman HetfiScTt^ .pirnti men Wealed dum&de^H ^ - > 9 , Naz^j Made a circuit of . ^ Nazareth Tele. -.^^Agala. rejeqted at Nazareth (JIarkS, J 6. Sent out twelve- apoerfes 7", Heard of John's death ^ (Atdi'kO, U-S9). ■ 8. ReturnsdtoCapernaum^ PART III. GAULEAN MINISTRY SUMMER 29 A.D English Miles Bielh^ida / bWM I ' J ^ BethMid) (Marks, 22 CapernatmV ^ I. Oounieyed J>ordersof,Tyrp p jind Sidort \/ _ (Maf k DalmanutKar^ 5. Ph^rjsees •.lav-bailed to \ \ '^sitda (Mark 8, 18). f 7. Warr^^ disctp^Sy *. ,on Lakd'^aihst '3 . H^feddiMfl^ ■j^^nd dumb'^ ; <^Peca^olis i, ^^^^4,000 r (Mark S, 1-10} Ph art sees (MarkS^iit.Sl)..] .35’ Ea<»l cf Grttenwirh. oeorgt PNJifj o.ir. /M 19 PART III. GAULEAN MINISTRY. AUTUMN 29 A.D, i fl^fiTratioo IS). 4. Healo>v^ lunajtic )oy -5^ Returned to L ■ ■ vape»'na jm ^ ' (kark 9, 1 0), English Miles ( GALILEE Capernaui^ Provided 4ribut«y^ \ 7. Dlspiite VI \ //breatnen ^ 8'<-.\f/aited I cintiT^^jiastf H®*! b^gun thdtt vtent to( Jerusale«m Olohn'^?, 13. Returned from^ Vj Jerusalem J|| 9. Feast of Tabernacles .JTJ; Woman taken iii'^ acKjItai^ (John 7 ,r> 3 to 6 \liy. 11. AttempttostoneHi.nl (Johns, 12-50). „'i 12r Withdrew to GalileK? (Johns, 59). ^ George Ifulip A SotiZ^ ( 20 ) PART IV. Peraean Ministry. 29—30 A.D. PER^A The Country. — Rising from the jungle of the Jordan, and stretching along the eastern boundary of the Promised Land, is an umlulating line of hills. For the most part the northern range is densely wooded with forests of pine and oak, which extend far down the mountain side. The southern section is a waving tableland of rich pasture, with widening tracts of desert as it falls toward the Dead Sea. It is the pastoral province of Palestine, distinguished from the others by the multitude of flocks and herds, that wander over its hills, and give to it the atmosphere of leisured freedom, that belongs to rural life. Compared with the country on the west of Jordan, it is promising, but undeveloped. From the time it was first entered by the patriarchs, it was the refuge of the exile, partly because of its isolation, and the unfettered life of the nomad tribes that pitched their tents on its slopes, and partly, perhaps, because from the solitudes of its mountain heights, there opened wide extensive views into the heart of the Holy Land. The People — From the first the land was given to the pastoral tribes of Gad and Reuben, and they have never emerged from the state of their ancestors. To this day they dwell in tents, and follow the free and simple life of a primitive civilization. The northern mountain Hibe was wild and warlike, ready to plunder or send valiant men to join an outlaw band. The southern tribe joined in none of the great struggles of the nation. Its people preferred to sit by the pleasant streams listening to the lowing of the cattle, or talking of the increase of their flocks. THE JORDAN VALLEY The river leaves the Lake of Galilee with a sharp descent, and rushes down a steep and winding channel-twenty to thirty feet below the ancient river bed— to the Dead Sea. It fertilizes no land beyond its immediate banks, which are covered with rank masses of vegetation, that for miles hide its course. Apart from a slight fringe of reeds and canes, the turbid, rapid river flows through a valley devoid of beauty or life, under a temperature of excessive heat. In March and April it overflows its banks, and in the vicinity of Jericho is nearly a mile wide, but its natural width rarely exceeds a hundred feet. Its depth varies from three to twelve feet. Only twice between the Lake of Galilee and the Dead Sea does the valley widen beyond four miles ; at Bethshan it reaches seven miles, and at Jericho it gradually increases to fourteen. JERICHO An important city, pleasantly situated amongst groves of palm trees, on a ridge overlooking the Jordan valley. It was a noted stronghold, and commanded the approach to Jerusalem. From this point the road west- ward ascends the white limestone hills of Judaea, and it is difficult to imagine a climb, more heavy and dreary, than that to the Holy City. EPHRAIM A frontier city built on a hill at the edge of the plateau of Benjamin, and near to the wilderness. PART IV. PER ^AN MINISTRY WINTER 29 A.D. Ist STAGE English Miles Caper^um 1 . Flhaf departure - fi*om (Mm. 19, \\ galiCe e • i -16)^ &^Jesus followed .through PeraealJ/aM. 19, W). a. Seventy returne'd } (Luke 10,in-SU). -of — .S'a nn»|*it4n L" (Luke*M-'So.37).\ \ ■ 8,. Diseiples taughttb pray (Luke 11, ; '9 Healed i>lind ar^ dumb; deyjfl^Lukell/llf). 10. Bfa^hemy of the Phari- y'bees. Sign.of Jonah. (Luke ^11. rt ti Feast atF^^prleeC#^ irt)tj*&^"Xleansing ; 2, Rej*epted in I \ • ■SanlpriS:;; (Liike9,o24ti). 3. The half-heerted '\ I disciple ■ " ' (Luke 9, SAMAR 1 A f ■^(Luke 11, 37^51*). Parable of Rich Fool muke IS, 1-59). Pir^le of Barren! Fig Tr^ ( Lufce^U^-^i^^^ oh'^bbath A J (Aijkel^,^ldi- 17 ). »arab*^^u 8 tard ] Seed apd Leaveri ^ (Luke i3, U-Sl). IVarMct.again^t Herod '(■Xitt 3 %|| 1 J, ,SX-£S\'^ t ^ Jerusalem lS> Healed man born blind . (Jukn^, l-Ut) to. Discourse dh'Good > Shepherd ("i/oAn JO, ^ 20. J^east of Dedication ^ (John 10, 9i-SS). ,21. Discourse on Good - Shepherd ' . (John lOi ik SO).'^ 22. Attempt to stpne Him “ (Johnin,3t-S9,y. 23. Retired beyond Jordan (Jfikn 10 . W 4 S). 35' East, of (jT-e«iiwich Ephraim ^ \ Jerusalem Bethany 9. RMsed Lararus . (John tl, 10. Counsel of dews / to put Hirn toy decrth , \ (John 11; h7-5S]t\ 11 Retired to Ephraim’. •(Johnll,olt-A7^ . 4. QUalitie^f Qood £)isciiplei('//ttte 1U;^-SJ). Pikrabfe^ of Lost ^ ; Sheep, silver, Son; (Lukedii): ! ; 6. Parable of' U^ijust / . -^fe wa rd (Luke 16, i-lSX ':^^ara*»l9 of Rich lyrkn and 16, Ih^i). 'JSj-OiscoursV on Oec|t- stons of !^umbl|n« (Luke 17, 1-10), ■ PART TV. PER/RAN MINISTRY. 22 WINTER 29 A.D. 2nd STAGE English Mites PART IV. PERiEAN MINISTRY. WINTER 29-30 A.D, 3rd STAGE English Mites _ 2 . Clejinsedj©^ ..•'fepers -■ I?, 11-1^). •kdo^^ming of j 20^5'?). ‘AWe of Uoiust 5. P^ab yWfy P^ 9 :rr * f ^x^e'&^^Ptib 1 (can ( huT^48,j^-lU ),. 6, Bkr^eci Ghildrb^n '. isjsol .-4 Lkbotfrers h H^)- 9 . Foretof^misJDeath . CMatt< 20^17-19^ Sff fbn'bf ikmi e s ' and Joon In retiretnent>f'«/t>/in 7/, 1lA Healed'blirTd'hlan ( Lxike .18^ Sa-ltS j 12. Tlaccheus (Lathe 19, 1-10). v' 13. P«^mrt\of Pb^nds f V. ~u Bethany , ROtp i SoruV^ ( 24 ) PART V. Death and Resurrection. 30 A,D. BETHANY The name applied not only to the village, but to the whole of the south- east slope of Olivet. The village lies about two miles from Jerusalem, almost at the foot of the mount, hidden amongst groves of olive, fig and almond trees, at the very edge of the desert hills, that reach without sign of human habitation to Jericho. i OLIVET The central eminence of a ridge of three rounded summits, directly opposite the temple area. There is little evidence to-day of the trees from which it originally derived its name, but its green slopes remain the most pleasing feature in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem. From the summit of the mount the Holy City lies below spread out map-like, and every object of the plateau can be clearly distinguished. The heights of Hebron can be seen in the south, and eastward is a panoramic view of the Jordan valley and the Dead Sea. Over Olivet run three pathways from Bethany to Jerusalem. One winds over the northern ridge ; another climbs the steep ascent over the summit ; the third passes over the southern shoulder. This last is a continuation of the main road from Jericho, and is doubtless the one that was taken by our Lord. It is nothing more than a rough, broad, mountain track. GETHSEMANE At the base of Olivet, and mid-way down the grey, stony valley of the Kedron, is the traditional site of the Garden of Gethsemane ; an enclosure of great gnarled and twisted olive trees, covering about an acre of ground. CALVARY The most probable site of the crucifixion is the skull-shaped elevation on the north of the city, outside the Damascus Gate. It is a knoll of ground which commands a view of the entire city. JERUSALEM The most imposing feature inside the sacred walls is the Temple area, which covers thirty-five acres, and claims the finest situation in the east of the city. It is a pile of magnificent marble buildings, modelled on the plan of a tent, and enclosed by immense walls. On the opposite side of the city, and separated from the Temple by a deep gorge, is the Palace of Herod, which was the headquarters of the Roman governors. The Praetorium was situated either at Antonia, the northern fortress of the Temple, or in the open court before the gates of the Palace, where a mosaic pavement marked the seat of judgment. Jerusalem had no streets, but narrow, winding alleys, and unpaved lanes, where the business of the different trades was conducted. Its houses were flat and built in groups, each group holding a difterent family, tribe or profession. At night the place was dark and silent. Calvary Damascus Gate Roman Fortress and Court Gethsema GETHSE irs. 43; Agony 44. Betraya rl(lRzekiahs) 45. Arroist Temple (David Ts5i^°’ Herod’s Pilate’s Residence ^ Houses of Annas and Caiaphas JERUS 1cm. -^ 5. Triumphal Entry (Mark 11, f] 6. Visited Temple (Mark 11, Hi, fi 7. Returnedto Bethanyf'Jforirlf, lij iffasr- 1 1. Cleansed Tern pie f' Mark 11, 15.19). I 12. Returned to Bethany /ed>* l€. Authority questioned (Matt, tl, 2S^i7). 1 7. Paratde of Two Sons (Matt. 91, 98-^9). 18. Parahle of Wicked Husbandmen (Matt. 91, 33.1,6). 19. Perabte of Marriage of King’s Son (MtUt. 99, I-IU). 20. Question about T ribute (Matt. 99,15-99). 21. Question about Resurrection piatt. 99, 23.33): ' 22. Question about Great Com. maniimonX fM^att. 99, SA iO). 23. Question about Christ (Matt. 99, Ul.UG). J 24. Condemnation of Soribes and Pharisees (Matt. 93, 1.36). 25. Lament over Jerusalem Matt. 98, 37.39). 26. Widow’s MitefJ PART V. T APRIL 1-6. 30 A. D. Scale of Yards HE PASSION 26 BETHANY. 1. Jesus at Bethany (John 1). 2. Anointed by Mary • ' (JohnlS^Xjy 3. Sent for ass f J/att. f’J.T -?’ ). 4. Rode to Jerusalem 8. Returned from Jerusalem (it ark 11,11). 9. Jdurneyed to Jerusalem ^ (Mark It, VI), 13. Returned from Jerusalem^ ' (Matt.:9l, 17). 14. Journeyed to Jerusall^m XMark’Jl, 35. Returned from Ollvet..*v 36. Sent Peter and John to |>re- pa re Passover 4^,19 ) 37. Went in evening to Jerusafi&m to Passover Supper (MarkU lti-17):' 10. Fig Tree cursed (Mark 11 , 12-1 U). 15. Fig Tree witherec^ (Mark 11, 20-26). A Bethany ne MANE (MaU. 26, S6.IS). (Matt. 26, U7-50) (Matt. 26, 50-56). MOUNT OF OLIVES. «jtef?, 7.5) Thurs. 38. Pascal Supper fZfUAe J|8* 7-57f^. 39. Discourse on Way, Vine, Com- forter ('Jo7m 74, 25- 40. Prayer of Jesus J7/ 41. Peter's boldness 3S-S5). 42. Went to Gethsemane 18, 1 ). Frl. 1-5 a.m. 46. Tanen before Annas (John 18, lS-15 ). 47. Taken before Caiaphas (John 18 , 10-2U), 48. Taken before Sanhedrin (Matt. 20, .50-66 ). 49. Denials of Pater (Matt. 26, 60-75), 5-6a.m.50. Condemned by Sanhedrin (Luke 22, 66-71 ). 51. Taken before P\\aie(Luke «.t, 2-5). 52. Taken before Herod (Lukt 22 , 6 - 12) .53. Condemned and Scourged (Luke 28, 18-2.5). 9 a.m. 54. CruciRxion (Luke 28, 26-82). 3 p.m. 55. Death (l/uke '^S, 4.7-49 . 3-6p.m.56, Burial (Luke 23, 50-56), George Philip &. SotlL*^ To Multitude in Gali|e)l» (3IaU. S^, 16-20). ’9\ To James in/ Galilee .Xi Om- IS Vl A 3. To two discTjxw • SU, 1S-S5, Emmaus • f Jerusalem" ^ 1 Appeat'ed to.Msir^A - ji, (JofmSO, 1U8): . ^ • n 2. To women (Jlatt. 4-TTo Peter (Ltike 2^'^^).. , 5. Td-^postles excegS TfioTnas (J6kn20-,A9-26)^ ' ■ , To-Apoaftes yviifc’TJ3i?xna& (John 20, 21^9). loVjo al,l Aposjltesi^c^s 2. 1-^Jtr i^PBlNG 30 A.D ^ English Mites * ' To is * ' N 4 S 5 To Cecrge FhlUp & Sort ^ 1 - fe . ’ ' ■ W** ' ■- - % : "'' " - ■-,^ V ■' i, ■_ . •■ - \ A