THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY * ** * RON CIRCULATING CHECK FOR UNBOUND CIRCULATING COPY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Agricultural Experiment Station BULLETIN No. 160 OFFICIAL RECORDS OF PURE-BRED DAIRY COWS BY C. C. HAYDEN URBANA, ILLINOIS, JULY, 1912 CONTENTS OE BULLETIN No. 160 PAGE. 1. The destruction of the progeny from our best cows 249 2. Improvement of cattle by careful selection and breeding 250 3. Value of carefully kept records in breeding operations 252 4. Semi-official records made in Illinois 254 5. Official records made in Illinois 262 6. Rules governing official tests 273 OFFICIAL RECORDS OF PURE-BRED DAIRY COWS BY C. C. HAYDEN, ASSISTANT CHIEF IN DAIRY HUSBANDRY INTRODUCTION For more than fifty years northern Illinois has been known as a dairy section. In that time great advance has been made in methods and machinery for carrying on the work, but during the same time little systematic effort has been put forth in the im- provement of dairy cattle. Tho the dairy section in the southern part of the state developed at a much later date, relatively more progress has been made in the improvement of its cattle. The Northwestern Dairyman's Association was organized in 1866 and included dairymen of both northern Illinois and southern Wiscon- sin. Its main object was apparently the development, of the manu- facturing and marketing of dairy products rather than the improve- ment of the cattle. Five years later (1871) Illinois had 46 cheese factories and creameries, and from this time on great strides were made in butter and cheese production. The Illinois Dairyman's Association was organized at Elgin in 1874, since which time El- gin has been famous as a dairy center. The early work of this association dealt more particularly with the manufacturing and mar- keting side rather than with the production side of dairying. In the available early history of dairying in the state very little is said about the quality of the cattle but much about the products. The method of handling' cows practiced by most dairymen in the dairy section of the state until very recently, tended to decrease rather than to increase their productive capacity. Fresh cows were brought from other sections into the neighborhood of the cream- eries and were milked thru the winter or as long as they pro- duced profitably without breeding, after which they were sold for beef at a price often equal to the price paid when fresh. The ease with which^ "red cows" could be purchased in the neighboring sec- tions and the relatively high price paid for milk were responsible for this method, which kept drawing the best cows from the sur- rounding country and sending 'them to the slaughter house with- out leaving any progeny. The real source was destroyed to sup- ply the immediate demand. If any were bred, the calves were killed or were sold for veal as soon as possible after birth. This system 249 250 BULLETIN No. 160 [July, discouraged, rather than encouraged the breeding of good cattle within the dairy districts ; consequently Illinois has a very small number of good, pure-bred dairy cattle, when compared with some of the surrounding states. The high prices recently prevailing, together with the better knowledge of the real value of a good cow, are forcing the dairymen to consider the problem of raising their own cows. Along with this problem comes the conviction that, where possible, it pays to raise pure-bred animals. IMPROVEMENT BY CAREFUL SELECTION AND BREEDING There are in Illinois over 1,000,000 cows used for dairy pur- poses, of which not over two percent are pure-bred, and of only a fraction of one percent have accurate records of production been kept either officially or privately. Many dairymen are now add- ing to their herds a few pure-bred animals as the beginning of pure-bred herds, and still larger numbers are using pure-bred sires on grade herds. These are certainly steps in the right direction. Every possible means should be used to raise the average pro- duction of dairy cows. Not all persons can have pure-bred ani- mals, but all can use good bulls to grade up their herds, and one of the best ways to convince a man of the value of well-bred stock is to demonstrate to him the effect of a pure-bred sire on a grade herd. It should be considered little less than a crime to use a scrub bull, or one whose dam has not produced 300 pounds of butter fat in 365 .days. Had careful selection and breeding been practiced for the past sixty years by the dairymen of northern Illinois, that part of the state would have been known the world over on account of the ex- cellence of its dairy cattle. During that time fifteen generations could have been produced, and fifteen generations under careful selection would have worked wonders. Very little concerted action has been taken by even the breeders of pure-bred cattle to advance the interests of their respective breeds. In some states there are associations for the different breeds, and numerous county or local associations. Wisconsin has about twenty-nine such associations which are doing a great work. Similar organizations should occupy a more prominent place in Illinois dairying. The herd books show that only a small part of the men owning pure-bred cattle in the state are members of even their national breed associations. The Dairy Cattle Improvement Association of Illinois was organized in 1908, and consisted of men representing the different dairy breeds The object was to promote the spread of pure-bred cattle in the state .and especially the use of pure-bred bulls on grade herds. 19 1 -'] OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE- BRED DAIRY Cows 251 Little has been heard from this association. At the state fair in 1909 a state Holstein-Friesian association was organized, which is doing" a little active work. Since that time associations have been organized in McHenry and Effingham counties and are doing some earnest work. A few men in any county organized for the purpose of promoting any breed can do much toward the general improvement of the cattle of that district by simply talking of the merits of their cattle and by showing good records of production. In this manner they will bring forcibly before their neighbors the contrast between good and poor producing cows, and thus stimu- late them to better breeding. A part of the income from a well-regulated dairy farm comes from the sale of surplus stock. The better the reputation of a community for good cattle, the more buyers it will attract and the better the prices that can be obtained. Co-operative advertising can be made beneficial and a local breeders' directory can be printed, both of which will aid the breeders materially in getting better acquainted, in the exchange of cattle, and in outside advertising. FIG. 1. BELLE WINDSOR, 1964. PRODUCED IN ONE YEAR 10,959.8 POUNDS OF MILK AND 455.08 POUNDS OF BUTTER FAT. If a breeder cannot fill an order, it is to his advantage to have a neighbor who can fill it, and to this end a list of stock for sale 252 BULLETIN No. 160 [July, can be published periodically. Thru co-operation the very best bulls can be secured and retained within the county or section covered by the organization. Bulls which have proved their worth can be passed from one herd to another, and in some cases co- operative ownership of bulls would be of advantage. Such asso- ciations could co-operate in securing better laws regulating the live-stock trade, controlling contagious diseases, etc. By co-oper- ating with farmers' institutes better speakers on dairy subjects could be secured and general dairy information could be distrib- uted among the members. The exhibits at state and county fairs could be greatly improved by offering better inducements to resi- dents of the state or county who exhibit stock of their own breed- ing.* VALUE OF RECORDS Along with the increased interest in better cattle comes a more general interest in the keeping of records and in breeding for production rather than simply for pedigree and form. The man who breeds for form and fancy points alone is very apt to be grevously disappointed in production. The time is already here when the cow which cannot show a good milk or fat record is not desired for breeding purposes by intelligent dairymen. As stated before, but few breeders in the state have kept records of milk or fat or have taken advantage of the official test and ad- vanced register. Individual records are of great value in breed- ing operations as well as in disposing of surplus stock. The bull calf from a cow with a good record may be sold for double the price it would bring without such record. * If dairy cattle are at all worthy of a place in economic agriculture, it is because of their production of milk and butter fat and not because of their beauty or beef-producing qualities. Beauty is that which differs from the common herd and ap- peals to our aesthetic natures. The characteristics which render an animal pleasing to the eye are in a measure antagonistic to the characteristics necessary to heavy milk production, unless we see beyond the surface and measure beauty by utility. Cattle bred for beauty are suited to the parks of the wealthy but not to be business partners with the common dairyman whose income depends on the product of his herd. In the past, pedigree and beauty of form have played too great a part in breeding oper- ations and have retarded rapid progress in production. One is at times constrained to say that a breeder should know the in- dividuals in his herd by the scales, the Babcock test, and the feed bin only. The outward appearance should be of secondary con- *See sample constitution on page 275. H)i2\ OFFICIAL RECOKC OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 25? sideration and valued as an indication of productive capacity and vitality. The true measure of the economic value of a ccw is her production of milk and butter fat. If animals backed by ancestry which produced milk rich in fat are mated, the offspring- may be expected to retain that charac- teristic or possibly to advance. The same principle holds in the mating of animals whose ancestry were heavy milkers. Breed- ing without attention to either of these qualities tends to keep productive capacity at a standstill or, if the cattle have been well bred, to permit it to decline. Improvement comes only by contin- ued careful selection. For these reasons yearly records are in- valuable to the man who wishes to build up a herd of efficient ccws, and the man who begins keeping records early in his breeding work will avoid much disappointment later. The following has been accomplished by one Illinois breeder who followed this meth- od : Four of his cows have produced in one year between 18,000 and 21,000 pounds of rriilk each and between 605 and 656 pounds of butter fat; thirteen have produced in one year between 13,000 and 19,000 pounds of milk and over 500 pounds of butter fat; three have produced over 12,000 pounds of milk and over 440 pounds of butter fat ; others in the herd have made very good rec- ords. These cows were not selected from many herds, as is fre- quently the case in building up a herd, but were bred and reared on the farm of the owner. What this breeder has done other breeders can do, but it liAll take lime and careful selection. The cost of official testing prohibits many men from entering their cows for advanced register, and others hesitate because they cannot see the real value or immediate returns. In most cases it is soon repaid in increased returns from animals sold. Where official records cannot be made, private records should be kept, which will be practically as valuable for breeding purposes but will not be as fully credited by prospective buyers. The majority of the tests made in the state thus far have been short-time official tests. While these are useful they are by no means as valuable as the semi-official or yearly tests. The true value of a cow is shown by what she can produce in one or more years and not in a few days' time under heavy feeding. It frequently happens that cows which will not make a sufficient amount of butter fat to be admitted to the Advanced Register on a seven-day test will make much more than enough to admit them on a yearly record, and it often happens that cows which make large seven-day records make small yearly records. Previous to September, TQIO, about twenty-nine breeders in Illinois had tested one or more cows; of these, one Holstein-Friesian, one Jersey, one Brown Swiss, and four Guernsey breeders conducted yearly, or semi-official, tests. 254 BULLETIN No. 160 [July, From that date to September i, 1911, nine other breeders have had tests conducted. There are but few seven or thirty-day rec- ords of high quality, as will be seen in the tables, which show the tests completed prior to September i, 1911. SEMI-OFFICIAL RECORDS The semi-official, or yearly, records are conducted in the fol- lowing manner : The owner of the cow keeps a careful record of the pounds of milk produced at each milking. At the end of each month this record is sent to the secretary of the breed association with which these cattle are registered. At some time during each month a representative from the agricultural experiment station visits the farm and conducts a two days' test. Upon arrival the representative sees that the cow is milked dry at the regular milk- ing period. He then carefully weighs the milk and makes a but- ter-fat test at each milking, the last milking closing exactly 48 hours after the close of the preliminary milking. The average percentage of fat found during these two days is used as the aver- age for the month. From the milk record sent in by the breeder and the report by the supervisor, the officers of the association figure the amount of fat produced during the month. This method is now adopted by all the breed associations for Advanced Reg- ister. The breeds included are Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Guern- seys, Ayrshire, and Brown Swiss. The breeders of Guernsey cat- tle have been most active in this work within the state. REQUIREMENTS The requirements of the different associations for admission to Advanced Register or the Register of Merit are as follows : The Holstein-Friesian Association of America requires that cows first be admitted on a seven-day test, after which yearly records will be recorded if the cows produce or exceed the fol- lowing: A cow calving or aborting at two years of age or under must make during that lactation period and within- 365 consecutive days, 250.5 pounds of butter fat, and for each day she exceeds two years of age at the time of last calving or aborting, one-tenth of a pound of butter fat shall be added to the requirement until she reaches five years of age, when and after which 360 pounds is required. The yearly requirements of the American Guernsey Cattle Club and of the American Jersey Cattle Club are the same as those of the Holstein-Friesian Association, with the exceptions that no sev- en-day record is required and that the age of the cow is taken at the beginning of the test and not necessarily at the time of last calving or aborting. OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE- BRED DAIRY Cows 255 The Ayrshire Breeders' Association requires that a cow which is two years old or under at calving shall produce 6,000 pounds of milk and 214.3 pounds of butter fat, to which requirements shall be added 1.37 pounds of milk and .06 pounds of fat for each ad- ditional day above two years of age. A three-year old cow must produce 6,500 pounds of milk and 236 pounds of butter fat, to which shall be added 2.74 pounds of milk and .12 pounds of fat for each additional day. This ratio continues until a cow is five years of age, when the requirements reach their maximum, 8,500 pounds of milk and 322 pounds of butter fat. The Brown Swiss Association requires that a cow calving under two years and six months of age shall produce 222 pounds of butter fat, to which requirement shall be added .09 pounds of fat for each additional clay until a cow is six years of age, when the amount of fat will have reached 337 pounds. F Fi3. 2. MEG RECTOR SKD, 73990. PRODUCED IN 365 DAYS 20,108 POUNDS OF MUK AND 656.168 POUNDS OK BUTTER FAT. 256 BULLETIN No. 160 [July, TABLE 1 SEMI-OFFICIAL YEARLY RECORDS COMPLETED TO SEPTEMBER, 1911 Name of cow Number Year made Age Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds GUERNSEY G. H. Robbins, Hinsdalejll. Golden Day .. 4925 4927 4937 4938 5025 5024 4955 4515 15889 13374 15889 16747 19683 16921 18241 20974 20886 19496 19747 19492 19495 20977 20871 23117 21392 23116 18346 23586 28856 24035 23373 24498 26608 22535 22552 23556 22542 22544 1904 1905 1907 1908 1910 1911 1911 1909 1910 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 8 5 6 3 7 4' 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 6 2 3 3 6 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 5 a 365 365 365 365 365 365 it 365 < i ii < . a 365 365 9524.2 8068.2 6917.0 6776 6 6889.7 6268. << 5766.8 5427.1 5354.6 8565.5 8406.3 8265.5 7134.6 7412.3 6394.1 6643 9 6188.7 5812.1 5828.4 5863.9 5154.2 6666.8 7669.0 5077.5 4941.1 6845.6 8181.8 6033 7054.0 6983 . 5 7355 . 6 7224.7 7711.2 8990.0 7970.2 6356.2 7546.4 9473.5 524.160 433.090 364.950 327.190 311.700 308.930 271.920 267.910 246.639 425.980 423 . 590 364.950 352.200 349.168 341 . 170 333.700 324.200 309.000 279 445 272.396 250.419 332.600 340.917 307.164 265.197 344.35 318.32 268.4 386.140 368.321 374.646 330.072 421.590 463.195 361.877 257.638 389.155 424.728 Pride of the Ruette Braye L/ady Cambria Dodie Rose of Ouivillete Surahbi 8th Rosannette of the Highlands Minna C ... Sophia K Pass Cora ... Kate Pie 1st Gypsy L/nss of the Spurs Ivisle's Daisy L/ady Rose Aline 2nd Mandetta 16th Mandetta 17th Giddy Girl of L/es Martens F. O. Butler, Hinsdale, III* Natoma Altadena Natoma Santa Rosa Natoma Abysinia Natonia Aline * August Ziesing, Deer field, III. Margie's Gertrude Besley Farm Josie Masher's Belle L/al;i Glenwood Arthur Meeker, Lake Forest^ III. Red Rose of the Isle Dairy Maid of Ainesville Beauty 7th of the Brickfield Simon's Buttercup Rose of the Courtil Blicn . . *Herd same as above. 1912] OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows TABI,E 1. Continued 257 Xame of cow Number Year made Age Days i n test Milk, pon n Fat, pounds 22536 23565 22532 22551 20221 23566 15452 16769 21052 18657 20321 21h72 20708 22755 20425 20707 14909 21477 217*8 14226 20382 2277U 16770 1970d 21447 23174 22752 If 330 1'226 14226 27892 20321 15361 12381 19151 11019 19700 1910 1911 1907 (i 1908 < t 190t 1910 1911 1906 1907 1908 7 2 9 3 5 4 5 5 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 8 2 3 6 4 3 4 2 5 8 9 2 4 6 8 2 9 2 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 12364.3 6628.5 6752.5 7331 . 7 7973.3 7382.9 12024.5 11037.5 7904.3 8796.1 8717.2 8141.6 333.0 9129.7 7405.0 8040.9 7593.0 4898.6 7604.9 8980.9 7700.2 6916.1 9082.5 7624.1 6393 3 6525.4 5340.1 8178.4 11742.5 11867.3 7878.2 8645.8 8409.7 10933.0 8786.1 10304.2 6269 7 527.094 320.230 308.870 364 870 379.980 309.460 632.340 611.680 406.940 399.400 438.730 437.236 411.380 403.710 388.746 376.590 366.810 275.011 419.771 417.733 336.810 310.559 411.643 4U0.130 361 . 700 336.420 262.170 429 . 7o9 522.343 532 21 373.622 449.88 437.199 531.200 481.700 468.250 331 . 300 Normandie of Ainesville Imp. Christine of the Isle Imp. Geddis of the Grand Fort 4th Darthea of Hilltown Imp Newgrove Queen 7th T. W. Brophy, Edison Park, III. Dolly Bloom of Langwater Mary Sampson Haves' Queen May Golden Jessie Primrose of Pencoid . . . Dawn of Ingleside Princessa Glenwood Nantaska 2nd Lady Chesterbrook of Haddon Golden Elaine Ruth's Delight ... Dollie Dillon Rosetta of Lebanon Tidy of Ingleside Beslev Farm Venus Friea of \Vatervliet Linden's Young Folly Vrangue Dolly Dillon . Dolly Dillon Dolly's Glenwood Girl of Ingleside Dawn of Ingleside C. H. Besley, Edison Park, III. Moyra Latta's Queen L/ady of the Ponchez HOLSTEIN - FRIESIAN A. J. Daugherity, Streator, III. Meg Rector 3rd . ... 73990 79288 73154 1909 9 3 6 365 20108.2 18134.0 18SQ7 ^ 656.168 633. 6 <0 fin*; fttfi Pietertje Lass 2nd's Johanna Pietertie Lass Pauline 258 BULLETIN No. 160 1 . Continued [July, Name of cow Number Year made Ag-e Days in test Milk, pounds Fat. pounds Maid of Cloverdale DeKol 2nd 79488 79544 89791 79388 77538 73285 73888 73286 104094 109458 77691 99425 84303 89253 104847 79282 79291 79287 49857 57106 77535 77533 1"09 1911 (i > t 14 1909 5 4 4 4 5 7 8 7 4 2 6 3 5 4 3 5 6 5 11 9 4 4 365 365 365 365 17148.8 13231.6 17302.6 15609.3 16510.8 15852.3 13831.4 13062.9 20165.4 14096.4 15223.1 12073.5 18762.6 18349.3 14272.6 16075.8 15792.5 15726.3 14453.1 12258.9 10612.2 10775.7 563.725 560.502 542.910 510.010 505.399 *> 18. 222 141.194 399.594 660.75 523.480 556.174 +40.471 577.450 J93.593 451.457 512.573 532.350 532 013 444.424 432 987 354.371 341.661 Pietertje Lass 2nd's Johanna DeKol . . . Mechthilde DeKol Pietertje Aaggie Netherland Princess Aaggie DeKol Maid DeKol of Cloverdale 2nd Pietertje L,ass Aaggie Netherland 2nd. . doverdale Pietertie Mechthilde Neiherland Aag^ie DeKol Posch Cloverdale Rector Posch Belle Pietertie Keyes Johanna Gem Pietertje DeKol Mechthilde University of Illinois, Urbana - Krysia DeKol Johanna BROWN Swiss E. M. Barton, Hinsdale, III. 1964 1797 1958 1889 1851 1954 1849 1339 1890 1888 1062 923 3466 2326 2553 3182 3479 2382 1906 i < 1911 7 8 6 7 7 6 7 9 7 7 11 13 5 10 8 6 6 9 365 365 10959.8 10491.7 10968.0 10809.5 9546.7 8264.0 9051.4 9873.0 8514.2 7963.9 7577.0 6439.0 8930.6 10802.2 9005.8 10850.5 8756.7 11274 3 455.079 441.211 414.824 411.530 375.205 356.950 3^.980 317.907 331 379 2>7.210 2S9.838 233 . 190 315.903 405.961 353.628 433.876 335.791 391.026 Cinderella 2nd Thilda Thelka's Girl Senta Miss I^aughlin Fannie B Dandy Golden Beda Rex C JERSEY A. O. Auten, Jerseyville, III. 146443 1908 1910 10 12 365 17253.0 12001.5 952.00 667.83 t < i < The preceding table shows that 120 semi-official yearly records were com- pleted in Illinois prior to September 1, 1911. Of that number 75 were Guern- sey, 25 Holstein-Friesian, 18 Brown Swiss, and 2 Jersey. OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 259 FIG. 3. PIETERTJE L,ASS PAULINE, 73154. PRODUCED IN 365 DAYS 18,597 POUNDS OF MILK AND 605.616 POUNDS OF BUTTER FAT. The highest records in the different breeds are as follows : Name Number Milk Fat Jersey Jacoba Irene '. 146443 17,253.0 Ib. 952.0 Ib. Holstein-Friesian Pietertje Lass Aggie Neth- erland 2nd 104094 20,165.4 " 660.75 ' Guernsey Dolly Bloom of Langwater 15452 12,024.5 " 632.34 ' Brown Sunss Belle Windsor 1964 10,959.8 " 455.o8 ' The record made by Jacoba Irene is the highest record ever made by a Jersey cow and is indeed remarkable when her other records are considered. Milk Fat Year ending in 1906 n,39i Ib. 619 Ib. Year ending in 1007 14,255 " 792 Year ending in 1908 17,253 ' 952 Year ending in 1910 12,001 " 667.8 " This cow calved again January, IQII, and started on another year of good work, but changed hands and the test was discontin- ued. The first two years of the above record were not strictly semi-official, but the tests were conducted by the Station the same as the tests on other herds in the state ; the milk was weighed and tested for one week out of each seven, and the record was then estimated from this. 260 BULLETIN No. 160 o . ^0 as . 8 o t4 o ^ M 5< W " S c w E* O oj A ~ O H tn 1* O u- ww o fi 1912} OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 261 FIG. 5. PIETERTJE LASS 2ND's JOHANNA, 79288. PRODUCED IN 365 DAYS 18,134 POUNDS OK MII^K AND 633.63 POUNDS OF BUTTER FAT. FIG. 6. MCAI.PINE, 1797. PRODUCED IN ONE YEAS. 10,491 POUNDS OF MILK AND 441.211 POUNDS OF BUTTER FAT. 262 BuLLETin No. 1 60 FIG. 7. MINNA C, 15889. PRODUCED IN ONE YEAR 8,40o POUNDS OK MILK AND 429.59 POUNDS OF BUTTER FAT. OFFICIAL RECORDS The official tests are usually conducted for from seven to ninety days. During the entire test a supervisor must be present and weigh and test the milk from each milking. Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cattle are admitted to Advanced Register by these test-? upon fulfilling the following requirements : A Holstein-Friesian cow, two years of age or under at calving, must produce 7.2 pounds of butter fat in seven consecutive days, and for each additional day up to five years .00439 pounds of fat are added. After five years 12 pounds is the requirement. The minimum requirement for a Jersey cow, regardless of age, is 12 pounds butter fat in seven consecutive days. These seven-day tests are usually conducted soon after the cow is fresh and in her best producing period. Frequently the cow is rested and fed well for some time before freshening and is nearly always pushed to her limit during the test. These tests do not give a true estimate of the ability of the cow to produce for long periods of time. The Holstein-Friesian Association provides for a second test to be made not less than eight months after calving; which helps to give a better idea of the persistency of the cow, but is not equal to the semi-official yearly record. OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 263 TABI,E 2. RECORDS MADE IN SHORT-TIMB TESTS (January 1, 1903-September 1, 1911) Name of cow Number Year made Age Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN A. J. Daughcrity, Streator, III. May Rector (W. H. F. A. ) 1457 1903 8 30 2437 7 62 3">1 Jessie Rector 61781 i< 7 7 508.5 16 551 Fraud DeKol 57277 H 7 445 5 15 868 Maid of Cloverdale Queen 57434 .4 6 *< 448 2 15 771 May Rector (W. H. F. A.) 1457 44 8 587.2 15 . 707 Pietertje L/ass 2nd 50657 44 7 (i 484 8 15.461 May Rector 2nd's DeKol 70754 1904 4 7 420 8 11 587 Gazella Pietertje DeKol 73156 2 263.7 8.489 Marcella DeKol Lady. ... . . 73155 H 2 it 277.9 8.297 Pietertje Lass Pauline 73154 44 ?, 304.7 8.099 Gazelle Pietertje Netherland 73285 44 ?, 44 223.8 7.841 73284 44 2 K 222.6 6 839 Mesr Rector 3rd 73990 1905 5 30 2070 6 76 230 May Rector (W. H. F. A.) 1457 10 2161 4 66 693 May Rector 2nd 57431 ti g 16 952 4 25 414 57436 4 < IS 679 26 334 Pietertje Lass 2nd 50657 <( 7 818 7 24 037 Jessie Rector 2nd 73287 ii 2 i 687 3 21 274 Jessie Rector DeKol 73888 3 13 662 6 21 201 Maid DeKol of Cloverdale 2nd 73286 44 3 7 430 1 Y> 742 Maid of Cloverdale DeKol 77688 44 5 331 9 12 533 Jessie Rector DeKol 73888 K 4 4 390 7 12 345 Nellie Rector 2nd . 57432 44 7 4 368 12 186 Pietertje L/ass 2nd's Pauline : 75875 ii 6 4 329 3 11 387 May Rector 2nd < 57431 < 4 9 | 399 4 11 224 Jessie Rector 2nd 73287 44 3 4 343 9 10 915 May Rector 2nd 57431 < 9 4 418 2 10 804 Maid DeKol of Cloverdale 2nd 73286 4 3 4 373 2 10 672 Jessie Rector 2nd 73287 ( ?, 4 332.9 10.342 Netherland Pietertje Mechthilde 79274 4 ?, 4 286.3 9.677 73287 4 ?, 4 306.4 9 498 Maid DeKol of Cloverdale 2nd 73286 < i ?, 4 261 7 8.757 Meg Rector 3rd 73990 K 5 < 258 2 8 451 Gem Pietertje DeKol Mechthilde 79291 44 2 4 270 5 8.332 Marcella DeKol Lady 73155 c< ? 4 261 3 8 038 Pietertje Lass Pauline 73154 II 2 4 220 4 7 332 Gazelle Pietertje DeKol 73156 1906 4 18 1033 8 4O 1fi3 Maid of Cloverdale Queen 2nd. " 73217 5 7 iqc i 14 7^Q Netherland Princess Aaggie DeKol Gazelle Pietertje Mechthilde 77538 75877 ii 3 5 S'l.l 379 3 13.262 12 851 Freshland DeKol 2nd 77539 3 334 9 12 651 May Mechthilde DeKol Pietertje 77689 7 359 1-7 CQQ Fraud DeKol 57277 44 314 12 427 Maid of Cloverdale DeKol 2nd 79488 4 3 359 1 19 288 May Rector 3rd's DeKol 2nd 77690 , 3 326 2 11 641 Pietertje Lass AaETgie Netherland 73100 < 3 397 3 11 457 May Rector 2nd 57431 i 10 421 2 10 677 57431 i 10 386 4 10 597 Me hthilde DeKol Pietertje Aag-gie Avilla Boone Bervl . 79388 76637 < < 4 4 2 i 267.7 265.9 9 170 8.374 264 BULLETIN No. 160 [July, TABLE 2. Continued Name of cow Number Year made Ape Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds Meg Rector 3rd DeKol 75197 1907 5 14 992 8 33.902 Meg" Rector 3rd. 73990 7 1031 7 32 . 466 73287 ti 4 tt 924 4 28 . 793 Pietertje Luss Aaggie Netherland 83100 ti 4 ft 865 2 27 243 Pietertje Paul DeKol L< 7 ii 168 9 8 61 7 Netherland Princess Aaggie DeKol Aaggie Pietertje Pauline DeKol 77538 77691 it 1910 5 7 7 265.0 389 6 7.538 15 505 Cloverdale Pietertje Mechthilde. ....... 109458 j 349 5 13 980 Aaggie Cornucopia Pauling Maud 84303 5 ti 417 13 717 Cloverdale Pietertje Mechthilde 109458 ii i ti 370 3 13 378 Cloverdale Rector Posch 104847 >< -> tt 429 8 12 802 Nellie Rector 2nd's DeKol Posch 122038 M ?, ii 258 5 8 975 Mechthilde DeKol Pietertje Aaggie 2nd 122036 122025 14 II 2 ?, " 264.5 242.9 8.708 8.365 M. S. Campbell, Genoa, 11.1. 47296 1902 5 7 377 6 12 397 Pietertje Echo DeKol.. 46977 ii s 302 2 10 582 Music > 53343 i T, it 240 8 8 678 L/ady Aille 53125 ii 3 tt 252 4 7 333 Mechthilde Daisy Checker 52549 1904 5 7 3QC Q 1 ^ SQ7 57976 3 1 1 287 4 10 O17 Pietertje Echo DeKol 46977 1906 8 7 coo 4 17 9Q'> Johanna Piebe L/ongfield 71914 2 it 353 3 12 155 57739 ii 4 ti 301 10 974 Kaan Piebe Marie lyongfield 81942 ii 2 it 240 4 SCfil Aaggie DeKol 3rd Greenwood 99739 1QOQ Mechthilde Daisy Korndyke 94187 2 7 5CA 1 Alfreda Johanna Korndyke 97610 1 i ? t i nri i Mechthilde Daisy Longfield 84846 ,, A if 7OC 1 Mechthilde Daisy Checker 52549 (4 t < Alf. 1 Kaan Korndyke DeKol 90298 4( T. ii -1A.A Q in 'ic Music L/ongfield DeKol 79421 11 5 , ifiO 7 1O SOI Polly Longfield Spofford 98904 ii 2 ,, 9CC 7 in ">oi Aaggie DeKol's 3rd Greenwood 99739 || 2 ti vyy c n^cc Aaggie DeKol's 3rd Greenwood 99739 1910 3 5Q7 4. 1 1 ia/^ Mechthilde L/ongfield Greenwood 127871 2 i-if. 7 1 f /11Q Polly lyongfield Spofford 98904 ,< 3 lt 3(2-3 -1 Kaan Clothilde Greenwood. . 128360 2 31S Q 11 J.7O 268 BULLETIN No. 160 TABI,E 2. Continued [July, Name of cow Number Year made ARC Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds M. R. Evans, Hinckley, III. Kaan Korndyke DeKol 90298 1910 5 7 432 4 14 488 Johanna. Belle Spafford 99737 4 ii 378.9 14 035 120557 (i 2 (i 378 9 10 6y> Pauline Abbekerk DeKol Artis 2nd . . . 113240 120556 3 9 ii 294.3 267.2 9.765 9 299 Pauline Abbekirk DeKol Artis 2nd 113240 1911 \ 7 313 1 10 979 Mechthilde Daisy Longfield . . 84846 7 it 432.1 17 966 Spencer Otis, Barrington, III. Swea DeKol 2nd Ma3 r o 104964 1910 3 7 356.0 10 4005 117234 2 228 9 8 673 Piebe Colantha Hawthorne 117232 3 ti 383.3 9 373 Diotine Eunice DeKol 2nd 84334 5 u 290.1 10 447 Queen Beauty Dean 2nd 81798 6 14 382.7 1 1 . 430 Swea DeKol 2nd 85477 5 u 364.2 10 676 M. M. Wakeley & Son, Harvard, III. Lassie Jewel Johanna 90945 1910 4 7 425 2 1? R^O Lassie Mechthilde Johanna 90944 it 4 << 358 8 U4.07 Netherland Queen Ormsby 113195 ii j 11 286 2 Q 1Q1 C. W. Blake, Belvidere, III. Jennie Clothilde Careme 63954 1910 g 450 3 14 038 Foodies' Astrea 96834 4 it 358 7 12 38"* Pansy Careme 2nd > 123490 2 u 290 4 10 ffi"\ Daisy Clothilde Careme 97569 4. .( 306 1 n qio Pearl Eastern 69833 4 1C 331 5 8 812 Jennie Clothilde Careme 63954 3 , 39-7 g 12 C>63 58463 a , 407 9 11 9"'6 63953 g . I 385 6 11 361 97537 3 , 319 4 10 159 Flora DeKol Mechthilde 109014 2 4 294 6 8 962 Esther Clothilde DeKol 2nd 108421 2 , 225 9 7 518 Geo. A. Shafer, Longview,Ill. Daisy Maid Vale DeKol 11104/ 1911 3 534 5 12 952 FredJ. Karlen, Winslow, III. Beauty Aagie Pearl 2nd 68405 191' 2 491 7 14 972 83479 3 463 4 13 627 Blue Label Queen Twisk Blue 1 abel Queen .... 83373 83372 ' 5 6 l< 507.4 508 8 15.5:8 15 498 Jeltje Pietertie Johanna 86394 ii 5 |l 4G9.2 14.725 Palmar Veritas DeKol Winslow Laura Twisk Mechthilde Winslow Queen of the Pines Blue Lable Twisk Babe Blue Label Twisk Babe 2nd 71124 84084 83651 91867 135570 1911 u 7 5 5 4 3 7 . i 385 9 3^5 2 448.8 430 8 4u5 12.741 14.282 1.5.880 13 . 727 15 039 105740 ,4 3 369 6 16 926 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows TABLE 2 Continued 269 Name of cow Number Year made Age Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds Creane Bros., New Douglas, III. 83051 1910 7 7 347 4 12 66^ Belle DeKol of Prairie View Prairie View Quentine 962.. 1 96789 98969 <. u 3 3 2 it ii 346.6 320.6 274 7 11.954 10 842 a "7s.fi Belle of Douglas Bessie HS^S 1Q11 9 7 400 3 1 ^ 76^ Clothilde of Prairie View 96202 5 549 3 15 956 113 7 23 t 2 Laura Inka Princess Fobes 93183 4 360 13 552 Peai i of the Dairy's Pauline 121649 u 2 u 189 8 7 391 72127 1911 7 337 8 11 811 77045 5 443 3 15 568 107427 i, 3 ,; 361 3 15 007 Netherland Inka DeKol 63332 ii 9 || 291 7 19 373 Burke Ormsby 130308 It 351 6 12 071 Bellade Pietertje Posch 114824 11 3 II 392 13 987 270 BULLETIN No. 160 TABLE 2 Continued Name of cow Number Year made Age Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds Ceo. E. VanHagen, Barring ton , III. Fanny Ormsby ..... 91^7 1911 4 Tirania Johanna Mechthilde 10433 3 AA.Z: A 15.996 Flossmor Snowflake 15495 i 5 t , can c Johanna Tritomia 2nd 14617 , 4 u 171 A L/ady West Beets 15140 , 2 11 ova Q Rosa Y. Kema 8397 i 6 ,1 9QM 1 niA Kyke Mechthilde Ormsby 9092 , 4 ,, Af.Q C Herringa Anna Clothilde 13445 1911 2 14 t;o7 9 Orleans Ormsby 6928 g 1 19^ n Pietertje DeKol Pet 2nd 11766 , 3 i, 86? ^ J. H. Turner, Hebron, III. Nevada Heng'erveld '. 1 3447 191 2 7 260 "> 8fi1 L/ady Ideal Aaggie 2nd. . 10910 3 iqc o i 7 47 78706 i 7 u 409 u i r -17 L/uecke Princess 12755 K 2 tl ^21 S 9C\ John H. Diehl, Effingham, III. Rosa Beechwood 7th Clothilde 6193 190 6 ian 7 i -j c/c Empress DeKol Portia 110799 191 3 7 14fi n 1 "* T>a DeKol Huntress Orphan Queen 2nd Blackie Mechthilde DeKol 76035 108172 it 6 -7 397.9 275 8 13.083 10 S?Q Fred Weltering, Hampshire, III. L/ady Milda Mechthilde 69070 1911 8 7 50"> 3 A. D. Cornue, Hebron, III. Johanna Una L/illy DeKol 108116 1911 5 cin "> F. P. Cross, Davis, III. Joe Johanna Aaggie 3rd 155004 1911 3 7 707 f. Daisy DeKol Butterboy 64888 9 A^yfi Q 1 9 417 L/ady Astrae 3rd Bessie 104534 4 ;l A]f. -1 1 ^ ^S7 Mink Abbekerk DeKol 8?702 5 11 386 ^ i? ;-q Iris Aaggie Mercedes 2nd Tirania 141589 9 i 1 2q q Q 04-1 Mink Tirania DeKol L/ady 114^01 3 ,, inq 4 i) i/u; Z. P. Forman, Beaucoup, III. 1^4276 1911 g 484 9 13 094 Beaucoup Hellen 126819 2 292 3 8 7 44 Parthena Johanna 116585 i, 3 tl 343 7 10 439 John Nagel, Highland, III. Clothilde Bede DeKol 129050 1911 5 490 7 13 513 H. Stilson Hart, Barrington, III. Never Again 3rd 80809 1911 6 7 49 15 622 L/ady Mercedes Colantha 139356 (i 3 360 4 1 6^8 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE- BRED DAIRY Cows TABLE 2 Continued 271 Name of cow Number Year made Age Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds University of Illinois, Urbana CO7A'} A7/^ A 10 Qfi Beechwood Lady Bona A/^CC i 1W7 7 1-7 C/;Q Tina Clay DeKol C7icn 'J')') Q n^^l ( 171 n Ulfifi Pieterje Fairview Clothilde 2nd C7C47 (i e: l-Lii 7 U147 Volodi Clothilde CCAQO i 97C 7 991Q Krysia DeKol Paul CC17Q 1QO4. A 3C1 /C nfi^Q Tina Clay DeKol C7-J.cn 1 1 l^iJ 7 ni77 Zuider Zee Agnes f.A-\f.-l <( tt -inT i 1O 1fi^ 771^ iQflfi 9 7 "V76 Q 17 ^17 Tina Clay DeKol C7-JCA 1QO7 f. 7 4^A -1 i 7 A-I-J Tina Clay DeKol Johanna fiQCXO 3 ii Af\1 f\ U7^e Pieterje Johanna Rue DeKol /CQC4.A ,, J ii A.T) (\ no -57 Veeman Clothilde Johanna Rue fiSCAl I, 1 ii liQ O 1 (1 34fi Johanna Rue .Agnes 77CTC II II aiii 7 WOR4 Lady Veeman Johanna. 77C72 ,, i OQ-3 ft 87c Tina Clay DeKol Johanna fiC,49 tone 4 in ^^Ifi 7 7C 7Q-1 Pietertje Parthenea DeKol 64160 6 ti 1QQ7 C f-f. -1 CO Volodi Clothilde 55090 7 iqfiq Q fi4. fi^Q Veeman Clothilde Johanna Rue 68543 ii 4 < < 71^4. A C7 0-37 Lady Pietertje Rue .... 77^36 T. 1 1 1Q7Q 1 co -7C7 Pietertje Johanna Rue DeKol 68540 i < 4 14 202Q ^ C1 -J7C Tina Clay DeKol Johanna 68542 j, 4 7 C41 A IQ 4cn Johanna Rue Agnes '..... 77535 SI 3 ii 4Cq 7 Uoco Manor Pietertje Sarcastic 86318 4< 3. i< ?fiC Q Q ^70 Miss Gypsy of Locust Grove 2nd ii 3 30 1316 3 64 277 Leland Pride Echo 49857 1909 10 7 478 9 1^ ^2.=; Kr\ T sia DeKol Johanna 77533 4 10 c 12 1QQ 106787 1910 2 7 344 6 9 463 Manor Pietertje Sarcastic 86318 1911 5 7 434 7 16 2^7 Longfield Belle 119513 2 1 1 7fiQ 4 Q O7O Bona Lady Rue 86317 ,, <( 378 8 Y> 727 Volodi Clothilde 2nd - 106263 " 3 " 270.8 9.382 JERSEY A. O. Auten,Jerseyville, III. Jacoba Irene 146443 1906 7 344 6 17 79 c Nonine Clay 148079 T.Z') 7 1 f\ 7^Q Harry's Duchess 3rd 123282 m-> if. cf.7 Cloverland Louis 169324 275 7 1 ^ ?Q"> Onan's Sponaldo Nettie 177526 368 9 UQ87 May's Tentrum, 177943 311 5 UQ4.4. Jacoba Irene 146443 3P 2 14 819 Zelda of Laron 134153 306 9 U11O Tip's Ida 159443 -774 o 14 110 Garnet of Brondale. . 141885 7.8S.1 1^ QQO 272 BULLETIN No. 160 TABLE 2 Continued \July, Name of cow Number Year made A jre Days in test Milk, pounds Fat, pounds ^Vinif red Marigold 124912 135183 151303 182792 164653 154108 153602 143317 154451 174879 196112 177940 161139 185994 152539 168175 146443 219034 174879 174879 187483 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 6 8 6 7 7 7 7 7 i < 7 252.5 321.0 278.1 272.5 293.2 289.5 259.5 280.7 217.1 296.3 289.7 257.9 271.4 267.4 240.7 252.7 444.4 294.6 260.7 348.2 262.7 13.984 13.707 13.666 13.111 13.110 12.387 12.313 12.123 11 . 340 14.400 14.194 13.499 13.360 12.685 12.076 12.004 20.552 13.161 12.488 16.658 11.310 Gem of Cloverhill Farm Queen of Tremont 2nd Benoni of M The Owl's Queen Mary Maiden Zelcla Kassette of Brondale ... Agatha's Lady Brookhill BROWN Swiss E, M. Barton, Hinsdale, III. 3463 1910 ^ 7 394.2 14.619 Hirz > 3478 s 343.4 13.064 2042 9 312 6 12 791 3464 ^ 291.6 12.180 Sunlight 1849 10 280.7 10 . 674 Gusta 2522 9 249.1 9.748 The preceding table shows that during the past nine years 411 short-time tests were made. Out of this number Jacoba Irene 146443 (Jersey), Mechthilde DeKol Pieterje Aaggie 79388 (Hol- stein-Friesian), and Reka Ormsby 67591 (Holstein-Friesian) pro- duced 20 pounds or over, and 31 other cows produced between 16 and 20 pounds of butter fat in seven consecutive days. It is in- teresting to note that of the 411 tests made, 128, or a little less than one-third, were made by one breeder. 411 tests in nine years make a very poor showing when the standing of Illinois as a dairy state is considered, no of these were made during the year 1911. Breeders are just beginning to realize that the future of Illinois dairying depends largely upon their attitude toward breeding for production. As land becomes more valuable and the demands upon agriculture become greater, the poor producing cow must be elim- /p/,?] OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 273 inated and a good producer substituted, because the margin of profit will grow smaller unless the average cow is developed to keep pace with the increased cost of feed. We are frequently asked which is the best breed of dairy cows. Tin's question we are not yet able to answer, for much depends upon the disposition of the product and upon the fancy of the owner. The question of securing good individuals is of greater importance than the breed. No matter in what breed one decides to invest he is apt to fail of good results unless he selects carefully his foundation animals and continues a system of rigid selection. Even grade cows carefully selected and mated with good, pure- bred sires for two or three generations will often give better re- turns in production than pure-bred animals mated indiscrimin- ately. Afler the breed is once selected the individuals in the herd should receive the greatest attention. The records in this bulle- tin are not necessarily an indication of the relative merits of the different breeds, but rather an indication of the number of animals of each breed within the state and the degree of interest taken by their owners. GENERAL RULES GOVERNING TESTS The State Experiment Station sends out men to make these tests subject to the rules adopted by the different breed associations. These rules can be obtained by writing the secretaries of the dif- ferent associations.* Persons in charge of cows to be treated are permitted to care for and feed them as they see fit, except that they are not permit- ted to use drugs as stimulants or to feed milk. An official test cannot begin under six days after calving, because the milk dur- ing that period is abnormal. Ten days' or two weeks' notice should be given to the Experiment Station or association when a test is desired, and it is desirable that a second notice be sent to the Station about three days previous to beginning, as it frequently happens that cows "go off feed" or that for some other reason the owner is not ready to begin at the specified time. The owner is expected to furnish a Babcock tester, acid, and composite sample jars (fruit jars), and to care for the Station representative from the time he arrives at the nearest railroad station until he returns to the same. The Station furnishes other necessary apparatus.* *Holstein-Friesian M. H. Gardener, Delavan, Wisconsin, or F. L. Hough- ton, Brattleboro, Vermont Jersey R. M. Gow, 8 W. i;th Street, New York City Guernsey W. H. Caldwell, Peterhoro. New Hampshire Ayrshire C. M. Winslow, Brandon, Vermont Brown Sunss F. Freemyer, Middleburg, New York 274 BULLETIN No. 160 \J"h The representative shall identify each cow by use of the cer- tificate of registration which the owner must provide. If the color markings do not correspond to those on the certificate, or if the certificate is wanting, the representative must sketch carefully, on a blank provided, the markings of the animal and attach the same to the record. Such records will not be accepted until the proper certificates are produced. The representative shall see that each cow is milked dry and that the time is recorded at the last regular milking previous to the beginning of the test. He shall also see that the test closes at exactly the same time of day at which it began. The milk from each milking shall be weighed, sampled and tested by the representative, and all samples shall be kept under lock and key until tested and recorded in duplicate. In case of semi-official tests lactometer and temperature read- ings should always be taken. For this purpose the milk should be cooled below 70 degrees F. and if possible to 60 degrees F. Not more than one cow shall be milked at the same time, and the milker, while milking, shall constantly be under the observa- tion of the representative. The record blank should be filled out and signed before a not- ary public as soon as the test is completed, and sent at once to the Station for approval. A composite sample consisting of a proportionate part of each milking shall be taken and sent to the Station at the close of the test. In semi-official tests a careful statement of the feed shall be procured and recorded. The results of seven or thirty-day Holstein-Friesian, and two- day Guernsey tests shall be reported, immediately on completion, to the association on blanks provided for that purpose. These are called preliminary reports. Station representatives are not at liberty to disregard any of the rules laid down by the association or the Station. OFFICIAL RECORD OF PURE-BRED DAIRY Cows 275 CONSTITUTION ADOPTED BY SOME LOCAL BREED ASSOCIATIONS ARTICLE I Section i. This organization shall be known as the County Breeders Association. Section 2. The object shall be co-operation in the breeding of more and better cattle, the encouragement of beginners, and the establishing of the repu- tation of county as center for cattle. ARTICLE II Section i. This association shall be composed of persons who own or are in charge of herds containing pure-bred cattle, or who are using a pure-bred sire on their grade herd. Section 2. All members shall be entitled to every privilege of the associa- tion, and all offices shall be filled by active members in good standing. Section 3. The officers of this association shall consist of a president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary-treasurer and an executive committee of members. Section 4. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at all regular and called meetings, to call meetings, etc. Section 5. The vice-president shall perform the duties of the president when that officer is unable to act. Section 6. The secretary-treasurer shall be the recording and correspond- ing officer of the association and shall collect and be custodian of all money paid to the association. He shall keep an accurate record of all proceedings, a list of all members with their addresses, and shall prepare all matter for pub- lication. Section 7. The executive committee shall have control of all the affairs of the association when not in session. It shall arrange a program and pro- vide a place of meeting for each regular meeting of the association. Section 8. The officers of this association shall be elected at the regular annual meeting of this association, which shall be held on the in Vacancies occurring shall be filled by the executive committee. Section o. Anolications for membership must be made to and approved by the executive committee. A maioritv vote at any regular meeting and the pay- ment of dues will admit to membership. Section ro. This association shall have power to expel any member when in its judgment it deems it to the best interests of the association. Section n. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any regular meeting, provided each member has been no- tified of the proposed change at least two weeks prior to the meeting. 276 BULLETIN No. 160 [July 1912 BY-LAWS ARTICLE I All meetings shall he governed by Roberts' rules of order. ARTICLE II Annual membership dues shall be payable in advance. ARTICLE III members of this association shall constitute a quorum to transact business. ARTICLE IV Regular meetings shall be held at places designated by the executive committee. ARTICLE V The president may call a meeting at any time and must call a meeting at the request of five members. ARTICLE VI These by-laws may be amended at any meeting provided the amendments were introduced at a previous meeting. CONCLUSIONS 1. Illinois is deficient in good pure-bred dairy cattle of all breeds. 2. The large increase in the number of tests made during the last year indicates that the breeders are commencing to realize the importance of systematic breeding for production. 3. There is a great need for the organization of state and local breed associations, and for active work to be done by them. ' - &* . .* I UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA Q.630.7IL6B C001 BULLETIN. URBANA 153-1651912-13 30112019528428 m I <